tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preclinical characterization of 1-7F9, a novel human anti–KIR receptor therapeutic antibody that augments natural killer–mediated killing of tumor cells
Authors: Francois Romagné, Pascale André, Pieter Spee, Stefan Zahn, Nicolas Anfossi, Laurent Gauthier, Marusca Capanni, Loredana Ruggeri, Don M. Benson, Bradley W. Blaser, Mariella Della Chiesa, Alessandro Moretta, Eric Vivier, Michael A. Caligiuri, Andrea Velardi, Nicolai Wagtmann
Journal: Blood (2009)
Impairment of Odor Hedonics in Men With Schizophrenia
Authors: Paul J. Moberg, Steven E. Arnold, Richard L. Doty, Christian Kohler, Stephen Kanes, Steven Seigel, Raquel E. Gur, Bruce I. Turetsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Olfactory deficits in patients with schizophrenia, including those of odor identification, detection threshold sensitivity, discrimination, and memory, have been well described. Deficits in emotional perception, processing, and experience have also been reported, with anhedonia being one of the core features. While anatomical connections testify to the relationship between olfaction and emotion, there has been little investigation of the hedonic properties of odors in schizophrenia. This study examined intensity and hedonic judgments in patients with schizophrenia to determine whether these functions were differentially impaired.Suprathreshold scaling of odor intensity and pleasantness was acquired by using the Suprathreshold Amyl Acetate Odor Intensity and Odor Pleasantness Rating Test given to 30 patients (15 men and 15 women) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects.Despite virtually identical ratings of odor intensity, male patients were impaired in the assignment of odor pleasantness to amyl acetate. This gender-specific diagnostic group difference was not explained by variability in symptom severity or negative/positive symptoms. The impact of smoking status and general cognitive impairment on this deficit was also insignificant.Findings reveal a gender-specific disruption in the ability to attribute appropriate hedonic valence to odors in male patients with schizophrenia. This difficulty in identifying the hedonic valence of odors, despite intact intensity ratings, is consistent with clinical observations of anhedonia and points to a neural substrate that might contribute to the emotional disturbances seen in patients with schizophrenia.
PTU-217 Oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy yield in patients with coeliac disease presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: a re-audit
Authors: K M Khatri, K Perryman, S Enefer, M Sayegh
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In our previous audit it was shown that the majority of patients with iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) suspected of having coeliac disease (CD) underwent oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and duodenal biopsy as a routine procedure, but only 0.2% patients had serum coeliac screening prior to OGD. It was suggested that routine duodenal biopsy could be avoided by routine serum coeliac screening, as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). The purpose of this current study was to complete the audit cycle. <h3>Methods</h3> Data related to histology and serum coeliac screen of all patients with IDA undergoing OGD in a District General Hospital from January 1st to October 31st 2011 were evaluated. Data were extracted from Gastrointestinal reporting tool<sup>®</sup> and analysed in Microsoft Excel<sup>®</sup> spreadsheet. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 732 patients with IDA were referred for OGD. There were 282 male and 450 female patients with a mean age of 69.1 years. Duodenal biopsy was performed in 610 patients (83.3%) at the time of OGD; CD was confirmed histopathologically in 17 patients (2.8%). Duodenal biopsy was normal in 593 patients (97.2 %). A total of 122 patients (16.7 %) had serum coeliac screening prior to OGD; 7 cases (5.7%) were positive. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Completing the audit cycle it was found that the majority (83.3%) of patients with suspected CD presenting with IDA continue to undergo OGD and duodenal biopsy as a routine procedure. CD was confirmed histopathologically in 2.8% of cases (compared with 2.52% previously). Of note, 16.7% of patients had serum coeliac screening prior to OGD, compared with 0.2% previously. While this represents an improvement in practice the need for wider use of coeliac screening appears to remain <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
In vivo quantification of human pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors: effect of beta-agonist therapy.
Authors: M J Hayes, F Qing, C G Rhodes, S U Rahman, P W Ind, S Sriskandan, T Jones, J M Hughes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In human subjects, chronic beta2-agonist dosing reduces mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-adrenoceptor numbers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this downregulation also occurs in the lung. Seven healthy male subjects were treated for 2 wk with oral (up to 16 mg/d) and inhaled (up to 1.6 mg/d) albuterol (salbutamol in Europe). Pulmonary maximal beta-adrenoceptor binding capacity (Bmax) was determined in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and the beta-receptor antagonist ligand, 11C-labeled CGP-12177, before and after the 2-wk chronic dosing. MNL Bmax was also measured, using a radioligand binding assay and 3H-labeled CGP-12177. Bronchodilator responses to the beta2-agonist were determined after each PET scan by measuring the change in specific airway conductance (SGaw) after increasing doses of inhaled albuterol. Pulmonary and MNL Bmax fell by 22% +/- 14% (p < 0.05) and 42% +/- 19% (p < 0.05) respectively. The changes in pulmonary and MNL Bmax were correlated (r = 0.9, p < 0.05). There was also a reduction in the bronchodilator response to inhaled albuterol. In a further six subjects, pulmonary and MNL Bmax did not change during an acute infusion of albuterol (2 to 4 microg/kg/h). The reduction in pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor numbers after chronic albuterol dosing may be predictable from the changes observed in circulating MNL cells.
Measles Immunization in a Northeastern Metropolitan County
Authors: Richard G. Lennon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Measles vaccination in Erie County, New York, has proceeded routinely through physicians in private practice and local health clinics. The geographic and economic patterns of measles incidence and vaccination were determined for this metropolitan area by means of a stratified random sample population survey. For children under 5 years of age, measles incidence followed an economic gradient with the upper economic strata having the lowest incidence and the lower strata having the highest. The overall measles vaccination rate was 33% for those under 10 and reached a peak of 76% among children 2 years of age. Considerably higher vaccination levels were recorded in the suburbs than in the lower economic urban and rural areas, with a decreasing gradient from the higher to the lower economic strata in each geographic area.
Prediction of the response of chronic hepatitis C to interferon alfa: a statistical analysis of pretreatment variables.
Authors: J Camps, S Crisostomo, M Garcia-Granero, J I Riezu-Boj, M P Civeira, J Prieto
Journal: Gut (1993)

Pretreatment variables that could predict the response of chronic hepatitis C to interferon alfa treatment have not been fully assessed. Eighteen baseline variables were evaluated in a series of 100 consecutive patients treated with a 12 month course of interferon alfa. For the purposes of this study, response was defined as the return to normal of aminotransferase activities before the third month of treatment. Seventy per cent of the patients responded to treatment. Six variables were associated with an increased likelihood of response assessed by univariate analysis. With stepwise multiple regression analysis assessment, however, only three variables remained independently predictive of response: low gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) activities (p &lt; 0.001), absence of obesity (p = 0.005), and absence of cirrhosis (p = 0.01). The response rate in patients with gamma GT activities &lt; 0.66 mu kat/l (n = 55) was 78% and 60% in patients with values &gt; 0.66 mu kat/l (n = 45) (p = 0.048). Response was attained in 75% of non-obese patients (n = 80), compared with only 50% of obese patients (n = 20) (p = 0.03). Finally, 80% of patients without cirrhosis (n = 76) responded, while among those with cirrhosis (n = 24) the response rate was only 37% (p &lt; 0.001). All 23 patients without cirrhosis, &lt;40 years old, and with gamma GT activities &lt;0.66 mu kat/l responded to treatment, while only 28.5% of 14 patients with cirrhosis, &gt;40 years old, and with gamma GT activities &gt;0.66 mu kat/l responded to interferon alfa (p&lt;0.001). Those findings may be useful when evaluating interferon alfa trials and it is suggested that this treatment should be applied early in the course of chronic hepatitis C.
The role of the exercise test in the evaluation of patients for ischemic heart disease.
Authors: J F McNeer, J R Margolis, K L Lee, J A Kisslo, R H Peter, Y Kong, V S Behar, A G Wallace, C B McCants, R A Rosati
Journal: Circulation (1978)

A cohort of 1472 patients who underwent both exercise stress testing and coronary angiography within six weeks was examined. The data indicated that a combination of exercise parameters is both diagnostically and prognostically important. Almost all patients (greater than 97%) who had positive exercise tests at Stage I or Stage II had significant coronary artery disease. More than half of these (greater than 60%) had three vessel disease and over 25% had significant narrowing (greater than 50%) of the left main coronary artery. Patients who achieved Stage IV or greater exercise durations with either negative or indeterminate ST-segment response had less than a 15% prevalence of three vessel disease and less than a 1% prevalence of left main coronary artery disease. A low risk subgroup (75% of all non-operated patients) was identified with a twelve month survival greater than 99%. A high risk subgroup (11% of all nonoperated patients) was identified with a twelve month survival of less than 85%. The exercise test is a noninvasive, reproducible method to assess the presence and extent of anatomic disease and the prognosis when significant disease has been defined. It should be used in conjunction with other noninvasive tests to determine optimal management in patients evaluated for ischemic heart disease.
Penicillamine for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Michael H. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A MULTICENTER trial of penicillamine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, conducted in the United Kingdom, produced results sufficiently encouraging to induce the Committee on the Safety of Medicines in England to add this disorder to the list of approved indications for penicillamine.<sup>1</sup>The trial seemed to confirm what various anecdotal reports<sup>2,3</sup>had already suggested: patients responding poorly to other measures often respond favorably to penicillamine. As a result of these experiences, penicillamine is not only being used more widely, but is currently being tried for patients with earlier, less debilitating, disease.<sup>4</sup>Despite the fact that the first major work with this drug was done in the United States, there has been little advocacy of this form of treatment here. The cause or causes of rheumatoid arthritis remain unknown, and the reasons for the exuberant and self-propagating inflammatory response are likewise mysterious. Therapeutic efforts must perforce be directed
The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation:Revalidation process would not pass appraisal
Authors: Roger A Fisken
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation GMC member respondsEditor-Esmail and Kmietowicz give an inaccurate account of the General Medical Council's policy development on revalidation, ignoring an iterative process with interested parties since 1998 in an attempt to introduce the most fundamental change to medical regulation since its foundation in 1858. 1 2 The GMC clearly has had regard to the legitimate interests of three principal groups-government and the NHS, patients and the public, and the various tribes that make up the UK medical profession.Despite suggestions to the contrary, an initial exploratory meeting on revalidation convened by Sir Donald Irvine in June 1998 was held in the context of a high profile professional conduct case, but well before the Bristol inquiry report and absolutely nothing to do with Rodney Ledward or, indeed, Harold Shipman.It was recognised then that some doctors were not keeping fully up to date nor were they indulging in reflective practice.Irvine correctly proposed that there was a need to make registration with the GMC more meaningful to the public than a mere recognition that doctors had reached a certain standard of professional knowledge in their early 20s.Both articles promote the idea that the doctors' regulator should be filling the vacuum within the NHS created by its failing to fulfil its public responsibility to monitor doctors' clinical standards.Clinical governance is now, slowly, being developed and eventually will extend from systems and teams to individuals-but is it reasonable, as both authors postulate, that such monitoring should become the financial and moral responsibility of the GMC sitting in London and Manchester rather than local managers at the coalface?Although revalidation is a continuing process, it becomes summative only every five years.The NHS and its local systems must not be allowed to abrogate their responsibility for the safety of patients on a day to day basis.Nor should they demand that the GMC and its prime function of assuring fitness to practise and the meaning of the medical register be inappropriately promoted as the first line of defence for the maintenance of clinical quality and safety.
Abstract 2103: miR-140 and miR-192 are potential tumor suppressors through inhibiting cellular proliferation and restoring cell cycle control in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bo Song, Mihriban Karaayvaz, Jingfang Ju
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs in regulating expressions of multiple mRNA targets mostly by binding at the 3’-UTRs to inhibit mRNA translation or facilitate mRNA cleavage. MiRNAs are involved in the control of many fundamental cellular and physiological processes and mounting evidence indicates that miRNAs play important roles in human cancers acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes through their global impact on multiple genes and pathways. Previous studies from our group have discovered two important miRNAs, miR-140 and miR-192, in suppression of cellular proliferation and triggering cell cycle arrest in both colon cancer and osteosarcoma cell lines. In this study, we further elucidate the molecular and cellular impact of these two miRNAs in breast cancer. miR-140 or miR-192 were over-expressed by transient transfection in a panel of breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells transfected with miR-140 or miR-192 was dramatically decreased at 100 nM while the control miRNA has no effect. Inhibition of proliferation by miR-140 or miR-192 was also observed in MDA-MB-231 cells but less potent than MCF-7 cells at the equal concentration. MCF-7 cells transfected with miR-140 or miR-192 were arrested at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle check point control genes p53 and p21 were induced by over-expressing miR-140 or miR-192. The endogenous miR-140 or miR-192 expression was induced in MCF-7 cells treated with methotraxate (MTX) accompanied with increased expression of p53. Blocking endogenous miR-140 or miR-192 by locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified anti-miRNA increased cellular proliferation rate in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, miR-140 and miR-192 may have therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Keywords: microRNA, breast cancer, miR-140, miR-192 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2103.
US admits radiation experiments on 20 000 veterans
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The United States department of defence has revealed that as many as 20 000 service veterans and their family members are at risk of radiation induced illnesses stemming from experimental treatments they received from the 1940s to the 1960s.

The new revelations are the latest chapter in a lengthy report to Congress authorised by President Bill Clinton on human radiation experiments sponsored by the US government from 1944 to 1994. Many of the experiments were performed without the patients' consent, while others, though …
Peripheral intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography using a 2% dodecafluoropentane emulsion: Identification of myocardial risk area and infarct size in the canine model of ischemia
Authors: Paul A. Grayburn, John M. Erickson, Jose Escobar, Leeann Womack, Carlos E. Velasco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Comparison of stool immunoassay with standard methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: F. Lehmann, J. Drewe, L. Terracciano, R. Stuber, R. Frei, C. Beglinger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Helicobacter pylori is the cause of type B gastritis and associated with peptic ulcer disease. Various methods are available for detecting H pylori , but all have limitations.1 H pylori infection can be diagnosed by tests requiring endoscopy (rapid urease test, histology, culture) and by non-invasive tests (carbon-13 urea breath test, serology, stool tests). The urea breath test is currently the most important test for follow up after H pylori treatment.1 Serology is widely used for screening patients for H pylori infection; it has a good sensitivity, is fast, and relatively inexpensive.1 However, the urea breath test is expensive and requires specialised equipment, and serological tests cannot be used after H pylori treatment and may have a lower specificity.

Most patients infected with H pylori are treated by general practitioners, who need an easy …
Abstract 432: Expression of PITX2 is correlated with invasiveness in breast cancer cells and its downregulation reduces invasive potential
Authors: Sreeraj G. Pillai, Nupur Dasgupta, Timothy P. Fleming, Mark A. Watson, Rebecca Aft
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective We have previously found that PITX2 expression in the bone marrow (BM) of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer correlates with the development of distant disease. PITX2 is not expressed in the BM of normal volunteers, and thus the source of PITX2 is likely to be disseminated tumor cells which lodge in the bone marrow. PITX2 plays a well-defined role in development. This study was conducted to understand the role of expression of PITX2 in the breast cancer phenotype. Experimental procedures PITX2 has three different transcript variants. The RNA expression level of each transcript variant was determined by qRT-PCR using specific primers designed for each isoforms in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. PITX2 was stably silenced using shRNA lentiviral constructs against all isoforms of PITX2 (Sigma, St. Louis) and selecting with puromycin. Individual clones were selected and tested for PITX2 expression. Those cells with near total knockdown of the gene were used for matrigel invasion assays using manufacturer's protocols. Briefly, about 3 × 104 cells were suspended in growth factor free media and added to each well of invasion chamber and complete growth medium was added to the lower chamber as chemoattractant. The number of cells which invaded was counted at 24h and 48h after seeding. Control cells included empty vector, a non-targeting sequence, and shRNA against the unrelated gene, Beta 2- Microglobulin. The number of invasive cells were counted from five different fields from each well and tallied. Percentage invasion was calculated as the number of cells passed through the Matrigel to the total number of cells before harvest. All experiments were repeated three times. Results PITX2 isoforms A and B were found to be expressed in the invasive cell lines MDA MB 231 and C1A1 while none of the isoforms were expressed in non-invasive cell lines MCF7 and MCF10A. In matrigel invasion assay, the knockdown of PITX2 substantially reduced invasiveness compared to the controls. There was a 63.8 % reduction in invasion in PITX2 deficient cells at 24 hrs and 72.6 % reduction at 48 hrs compared to the parental MDA MB 231 cells. ConclusionPITX2 is expressed in breast cancer cell lines which have the ability invade and is not expressed in cell lines which cannot invade. Silencing of PITX2 in breast cancer cell lines abrogates the ability of breast cancer cells to invade. These findings combined with our clinic data suggest that PITX2 plays an important role in the invasiveness of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 432.
Biomedical Ethics: Morality for the New Medicine
Authors: H. Tristram Engelhardt
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The recent interest in medical ethics shows one particularly important feature: it has not been confined to the medical profession but has engaged the attention of the public as well. This volume addresses that larger audience. It offers an overview of medical ethics from the viewpoint of a theologian with substantial involvement in pastoral care and in teaching medical ethics. The presentation is historical, analytic, and topical. The reader is given a brief review of the traditions of medical ethics fitted into a somewhat Procrustean typology of "Hippocratic," "religious," and "Nuremberg" traditions. Then follows an analysis of ethical decision-making in medicine. These considerations are used for examining the ethical problems involved in medical intervention in human reproduction, transplantation, psychosurgery and other forms of behavior control, and the issue of the artificial extension of the human life span. The result is a pleasant, at times anecdotal, review of many of the
Sumatriptan may finally relieve French headaches
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Four years after Glaxo made its first application to market sumatriptan in France the antimigraine drug is still not available in pharmacies - at least, not legally. But an agreement between Glaxo's French subsidiary and the French ministry of health and social affairs may enable doctors to prescribe the drug and some patients to be partly reimbursed for it through the social security system. The problem is money. Glaxo originally wanted to charge Fr170 (about £20) for an injectable dose and Fr90 (£10.50) …
Intravenous sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: diazepam versus midazolam.
Authors: K D Bardhan, P Morris, P C Taylor, R F Hinchliffe, P A Harris
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Le midazolam est au moins aussi efficace que le diazepam, les malades le preferent en general; il y a moins de complications veineuses avec le midazolam