tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proliferation of rat liver macrophages in vitro : Influence of hemopoietic growth factors
Authors: Rein M. J. Hoedemakers, Gerrit L. Scherphof, Toos Daemen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We examined the effects of several hemopoietic growth factors on proliferation of rat liver macrophages in vitro. The proliferative response of liver macrophages to hemopoietic growth factors was assayed on the basis of [methyl- 3 H]thymidine uptake. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulated [methyl- 3 H]thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. With granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, maximum incorporation was observed at 50 U/ml, whereas with macrophage colony-stimulating factor no incorporation plateau was observed up to 50 L929-conditioned medium. Incubation of liver macrophages with various concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant murine interleukin-3 and recombinant human interleukin-6 or culture medium alone did not result in significant incorporation of [methyl- 3 H]thymidine. When liver macrophages were fractionated according to cell size, highest incorporation was observed in the large macrophages. Proliferating cells in cultures of all subfractions were microscopically identified as typical macrophages by the use of macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies. After 6 days in culture, these macrophages had functional properties similar to those of resident liver macrophages with respect to phagocytosis and in vitro activation with immunomodulators to tumorcytotoxicity and secretion of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggest that macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor play important roles among the regulatory factors that support local proliferation of rat liver macrophages. (Hepatology 1994;19:666-674).
Azithromycin Compared with Penicillin G Benzathine for Treatment of Incubating Syphilis
Authors: Edward W. Hook, Joan Stephens, David M. Ennis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Preventive therapy is an important element of syphilis control efforts. No currently recommended, single-dose alternatives to penicillin G benzathine are available for treatment of incubating syphilis. Objective: To evaluate the use of a single 1.0-g dose of azithromycin for treatment of persons recently exposed to sexual partners with infectious syphilis. Design: Single-center, open-label, randomized pilot study to compare azithromycin with penicillin G benzathine therapy. Participants were evaluated serologically for 3 months. Setting: Sexually transmitted disease clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. Participants: 96 participants who in the preceding 30 days had been exposed to partners with infectious syphilis through sexual intercourse. Measurements: Syphilis prevention, as indicated by nonreactive serologic tests (rapid plasma reagin and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed), throughout the 3- month follow-up. Results: Among 96 participants enrolled, none of 40 evaluable persons in the azithromycin group and none of 23 evaluable persons in the penicillin group developed evidence of syphilis. Significantly more penicillin-treated participants (21 of 44 [48%]) than azithromycin-treated participants (12 of 52 [23%]) became nonevaluable during follow-up (P = 0.01). Conclusion: A single 1.0-g dose of azithromycin seems to be efficacious for prevention of syphilis in persons exposed to infected sexual partners.
ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)
Authors: A.J. Ullmann, M. Akova, R. Herbrecht, C. Viscoli, M.C. Arendrup, S. Arikan-Akdagli, M. Bassetti, J. Bille, T. Calandra, E. Castagnola, O.A. Cornely, J.P. Donnelly, J. Garbino, A.H. Groll, W.W. Hope, H.E. Jensen, B.J. Kullberg, C. Lass-Flörl, O. Lortholary, W. Meersseman, G. Petrikkos, M.D. Richardson, E. Roilides, P.E. Verweij, M. Cuenca-Estrella
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Protection: Potential Role of Nonheme Iron–Nitric Oxide Complexes
Authors: Andrei L. Kleschyov, Maria Wendt, Thomas Munzel
Journal: Circulation (2002)

In a recent paper, Tulis and coworkers 1 reported that transfectional overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibits arterial remodeling after balloon angioplasty via a mechanism involving apoptosis.HO-1 is a stress response protein that degrades heme to carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and nonheme iron.In general, overexpression of HO-1 plays a cytoprotective role against a variety of oxidative stimuli.Interestingly, cells overexpressing HO-1 exhibit low levels of free iron because of the upregulation of ferritin and the extraction of iron into the extracellular space. 2 The elimination of pro-oxidant iron from the cell is considered to be an important mechanism of HO-1mediated protection against oxidative stress. 2How HO-1 overexpression stimulates apoptosis in the medial wall of injured artery is unclear.We believe that, among potential mechanisms of HO-1mediated stimulation of apoptosis in injured vascular tissue, at least one may be related to nitric oxide (NO).Vascular injury is associated with the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) leading to an overproduction of NO, which is known to stimulate apoptosis and inhibit neointima formation after balloon angioplasty. 3 In nonvascular cells, the content of intracellular free nonheme iron plays an important role in protecting against NO apoptosis. 4The mechanism of this protection involves the interaction of NO and free iron leading to the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), which in turn inhibit the key apoptotic enzyme, caspase. 4 We hypothesize that in injured vascular tissue, iNOSdependent generation of DNIC may lead to the inhibition of caspase(s) and suppression of NO-dependent apoptosis, thus contributing to neointima formation.HO-1, via a decrease in intracellular nonheme iron content, may prevent caspase inhibition by DNIC and sensitize cells to apoptosis, thus attenuating neointima formation.If this hypothesis proves to be correct, the co-induction of both HO-1 and iNOS may have an additive effect in preventing arterial remodeling after balloon injury.
Percutaneous Multielectrode Endocardial Mapping During Ventricular Tachycardia in the Swine Model
Authors: Michael Eldar, Adam P. Fitzpatrick, Dan Ohad, Michael F. Smith, Steve Hsu, James G. Whayne, Zvi Vered, Zeev Rotstein, Thomas Kordis, David K. Swanson, Michael Chin, Melvin M. Scheinman, Michael D. Lesh, Arnold J. Greenspon
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Identification of critical areas within the ventricular tachycardia circuit is a prerequisite for catheter ablation. Currently, mapping during ventricular tachycardia, usually performed with standard catheters, is difficult and time-consuming and can be used only in patients with hemodynamically stable tachycardia. Methods and Results A total of 43 pigs underwent closed-chest induction of myocardial infarction. A basket-shaped catheter carrying 64 electrodes was deployed in the left ventricle during normal sinus rhythm. Unipolar pacing at 3 mA was successful in 78% of the basket catheter electrodes, demonstrating good electrode-tissue contact. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements did not reveal any significant interference with myocardial or valvular function during or after catheter deployment. One hundred eighteen episodes of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia were induced in 28 pigs through right ventricular stimulation, 81 of which were mapped and analyzed. Ventricular tachycardia mapping was rapid, requiring only several beats and &lt;10 seconds to complete. Presystolic potentials, a possible target for ablation, were identified in 58% of the tachycardia episodes mapped. Pathological examination revealed only minor valvular and endocardial catheter–induced lesions immediately after mapping and none a month later. Conclusions The multielectrode catheter enables rapid and safe percutaneous endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in the swine model. Exploration of the clinical potential of the multielectrode catheter seems warranted.
Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by peripheral blood cells.
Authors: O D Ratnoff, M M Emanuelson, N P Ziats
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Suspensions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes, T or B lymphocytes, platelets or granulocytes, and cell-depleted supernatant fluids of these suspensions inhibited activation of Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII) by ellagic acid, a property not shared by erythrocytes. PBMC also inhibited HF activation by glass or sulfatides. Contaminating platelets may have contributed to inhibition by PBMC. Elaboration of agents inhibiting HF activation required metabolically active cells. The inhibitor(s) in PBMC supernates were not identified with known agents, but had properties of a nonenzymatic protein. PBMC supernates did not contain fibrinogen, nor alter the thrombin, prothrombin, or partial thromboplastin times of normal plasma, amidolysis by activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Factor XIa) or activated Stuart factor (Factor Xa) or esterolysis by C1 (C1 esterase); they inhibited plasmin minimally. These experiments suggest that peripheral blood cells may impede intravascular coagulation. Whether this property helps maintain the fluidity of blood is unclear.
A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Thickened Amino-Acid-Based Formula In Children Allergic To Cow's Milk and To Protein Hydrolyzates
Authors: Nicolas Kalach, Elena Bradatan, Alain Lachaux, Francois Payot, Frederic de BLAY, Lydie Guénard-Bilbault, Riad Hatahet, Sandra Mulier, Christophe Dupont
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Epidemiology of Diarrhea Among Expatriate Residents Living in a Highly Endemic Environment
Authors: Charles W. Hoge
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the etiology of diarrhea among expatriate residents living in a developing country and identify risk factors for travelers' diarrhea that are difficult to evaluate in tourist populations. <h3>Design.</h3> —Clinic-based case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Primary care travel medicine clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 69 expatriate residents with diarrhea, compared with 120 tourists with diarrhea, and 112 asymptomatic resident and tourist controls, selected systematically during a 1-year period. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Risk factors for diarrhea assessed by questionnaire and pathogen prevalence assessed by microbiologic analysis of stool specimens. <h3>Results.</h3> —The dominant risk factors for diarrhea among expatriate residents included younger age (<i>P</i>=.003), shorter duration of stay in Nepal (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and eating out in restaurants (<i>P</i>=.01). Eating raw vegetables, salads, fresh fruit, or ice served in restaurants was not significantly associated with diarrhea. Longer duration of residence was linearly correlated with protection. Enteric pathogens were identified in 44 (64%) of 69 residents with diarrhea compared with 100 (83%) of 120 tourists with diarrhea, with enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli, Campylobacter</i>, and<i>Shigella</i>predominant for both groups. Pathogens were also found in stools from 32 (37%) of 87 asymptomatic resident controls and 13 (52%) of 25 tourist controls. The attack rate of diarrhea among expatriates was estimated to be 49% (95% confidence interval, 37% to 61%) per month during the first 2 years of residence. The highest-risk months were April through July. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Diarrhea among expatriates in a highly endemic environment is a persistent risk. The extremely high prevalence of enteric pathogens among asymptomatic persons reflects widespread exposure. The most important risk factors for travelers' diarrhea are difficult to modify, including younger age, duration of stay, eating in restaurants, and seasonality. Preventive dietary recommendations may not be fully protective, suggesting that pretravel advice should emphasize empiric treatment in addition to strategies to avoid exposure. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:533-538)
Abstract 1413: RUNX3 plays an oncogenic role in Ewing sarcoma cells
Authors: Krista L. Bledsoe, Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence, Emily T. Camilleri, Andre M. Oliveira, Andre J. van Wijnen, Jennifer J. Westendorf
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ewing sarcomas are aggressive, poorly differentiated pediatric tumors of bone and soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma affects one to three people per million every year and is the second most common pediatric bone malignancy after osteosarcoma. Approximately 85% of Ewing sarcomas harbor the EWS-FLI fusion protein, which arises from a chromosomal translocation, t(11:22)(q24:q12). EWS-FLI interacts with numerous lineage-essential transcription factors to maintain mesenchymal progenitors in an undifferentiated state. We previously showed that EWS-FLI binds the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2, and prevents osteoblast differentiation. RUNX3 is highly homologous to RUNX2 and participates in the mesenchymal-derived bone formation. RUNX3 has been described as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene in different tumor types. In this study, we investigated the role of RUNX3 in Ewing Sarcoma. RUNX3 was detected in all Ewing sarcoma cells examined (7/7 cell lines, and 4/4 primary tumors), whereas RUNX2 was detected in only 73% of these specimens. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that RUNX3 binds to EWS-FLI via its Runt domain, which is &amp;gt;91% identical to the Runt domain in RUNX2. The interaction between RUNX3 and EWS-FLI in cell nuclei was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Moreover, EWS-FLI interactions prevented RUNX3 from activating the transcription of a RUNX-responsive reporter, p6OSE2. To determine the role of RUNX3 in Ewing sarcoma cell growth, we stably suppressed RUNX3 expression in the Ewing sarcoma cell line A673 with shRNAs. In anchorage independent growth assays in soft agar, RUNX3-deficient A673 cells formed smaller colonies than cells expressing scrambled shRNAs. Consistent with the smaller colonies, RUNX3 suppressed cells had increased expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Taken together, these results suggest and oncogenic role for RUNX3 in Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Krista L. Bledsoe, Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence, Emily T. Camilleri, Andre M. Oliveira, Andre J. van Wijnen, Jennifer J. Westendorf. RUNX3 plays an oncogenic role in Ewing sarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1413
Optimization of ex vivo expansion of HER2 specific polyfunctional Th1/Th17 cells from HER2 vaccine primed PBMC
Authors: Yushe Dang, Lupe Salazar, Jennifer Childs, Doreen Higgins, Mary L Disis
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded neu specific polyfunctional T-cells secreting TNF-alpha (α), IFN-gamma (γ), and IL-17 (Th1/Th17) cells into tumor bearing mice can result in complete resolution of disease as compared to the use of neu specific Th1 (Lai et al 2009). Murine
Health Care Workers' Willingness to Work in a Pandemic
Authors: Dorothy E. Vawter, J. Eline Garrett, Angela W. Prehn, Karen G. Gervais
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Malm and colleagues (2008) provide a valuable and compelling analysis of the effectiveness and feasibility of different strategies for establishing a duty to work during a severe pandemic. To encou...
ANTACID GASTRIC THERAPY, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEUTRAL ANTACIDS
Authors: JOHN L. KANTOR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is common knowledge that many cases of pain after meals are relieved by the administration of alkalis. In such instances, an underlying hyperacidity is generally assumed to exist, and the symptomatic relief is usually explained thus: The excess of acid acts as an irritant. This irritation causes a spasm of the gastric musculature, including that of the orifices of the stomach. The increased intragastric tension is painful. The administration of an alkali reduces the acidity, lessens the spasm, and dissipates the pain.  That such an explanation can be but partially true would appear from the following considerations: It cannot explain the lasting effect of the relief, since it has been shown that within a short time (e. g., one-half hour) the original gastric acidity may be reproduced; in fact, often exceeded. Similarly, after a complete clinical cure, the gastric acidity may be higher than ever. Just how do alkalis
Detection of culprit territories in the I-123-metalodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging in cases with angina pectoris
Authors: Katsumi Saito, Hideki Kobayashi, Shin Suzuki, Mitsuru Momose, Koichi Kitahara, Masayoshi Sakakibara, Masao Kitaoka, Eiji Otaki, Saichi Hosoda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Lack of objective evidence of stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P S Helliwell, A Howe, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness was measured using a new microprocessor controlled arthrograph in 135 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were prospectively subdivided according to the stage of the disease in the joint. Compared with a normal population stiffness variables in active rheumatoid arthritis were decreased, significantly so for non-elastic stiffness. This study casts doubts on the literal interpretation of symptomatic stiffness as an indicator of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis and suggests a number of explanations for the discordant result.
BMA meeting: Provide women with access to non-directive independent abortion counselling, say doctors
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Women considering an abortion should all have access to non-directive counselling by an organisation independent of the abortion provider, doctors at the BMA’s annual representative meeting in Bournemouth have agreed.

Proposer of the motion Mark Pickering emphasised that independent counselling should be optional and would provide women with “a safe space” to consider and talk through their options, and that the motion was not “a pro-life stitch up.”

“I want to reassure those who are worried that this motion might be about obstructing access to abortion by the back door, it is not. It’s designed quite simply to increase choice for women,” he …
Should selective digestive decontamination be used in critically ill patients?
Authors: A. P. Walden, M. J. Bonten, M. P. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Healthcare associated infection represents a major burden for critically ill patients; a recent point prevalence survey by the Health Protection Agency observed that 23.4% of patients in intensive care units had evidence of a healthcare associated infection.1 Ventilator associated pneumonia remains the leading cause of nosocomial infection in this population, and, although recent estimates of attributable mortality (5-10%) are lower than previously thought, length of stay and treatment costs are substantially increased.2 3 Colonisation of the oropharynx with enteric bacteria is considered a key step in the development of ventilator associated pneumonia and offers a potential site for intervention with oropharyngeal decontamination.

Selective digestive decontamination involves the administration of topical, non-absorbable antibiotics to the oropharynx and stomach via a nasogastric tube in combination with parenteral antimicrobials to reduce the burden of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the aerodigestive tract. Some studies have focused on decontamination strategies limited to the oropharynx alone (selective oral decontamination), avoiding enteral and intravenous antibiotics. Selective digestive decontamination was first used for immunocompromised haematology patients, but this intervention has been extensively studied in intensive care units over the past three decades. However, many clinicians remain sceptical as to whether this evidence is applicable to different healthcare systems, which vary according to environment and antibiotic resistance rates, and their own clinical practice.

A search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library , and Embase identified nine published meta-analyses on the topic of selective digestive decontamination in intensive care patients. The most recent was an updated Cochrane review in 2009, which identified 36 randomised clinical trials involving 6914 patients.4 However the largest study of selective digestive decontamination5 was not included on the basis that the cluster design prevented individual patient randomisation.4 The odds ratio for death was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.87) with a …
A CASE OF ALLEKGIC CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS (ARTERIOLITIS ALLERGICA).
Authors: M. RUITER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article A CASE OF ALLEKGIC CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS (ARTERIOLITIS ALLERGICA). Get access M. RUITER M. RUITER Professor of Dermatology, State University, Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 3, 1 March 1953, Pages 77–83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13737.x Published: 01 March 1953
Doctors no longer have to use Framingham equation to assessheart disease risk, NICE says
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom should use the cardiovascular risk assessment tool they consider most appropriate when assessing whether to prescribe lipid modifying therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, an updated guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) said this week.

It downgrades the previous recommendation that the US derived Framingham risk equation should be used as the risk scoring tool of choice.

The NICE guideline recommends that healthcare professionals use a systematic strategy for identifying people likely to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease who would benefit from lipid modifying therapy.

The guideline recommends use of a risk equation to assess …
The Charitable Funds and the Profession
Authors: J. B. Blackett
Journal: BMJ (1899)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Purpose</h3> In young adults (18 to 49 years old), investigation of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been limited. We evaluated the risk factors and outcomes of ARDS following infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a young adult population. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1st, 2020 and February 28th, 2021 using patient-level electronic health records (EHR), across 241 United States hospitals and 43 European hospitals participating in the Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE). To identify the risk factors associated with ARDS, we compared young patients with and without ARDS through a federated analysis. We further compared the outcomes between young and old patients with ARDS. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 75,377 hospitalized patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR, 1001 young adults presented with ARDS <b>(</b> 7.8% of young hospitalized adults). Their mortality rate at 90 days was 16.2% and they presented with a similar complication rate for infection than older adults with ARDS. Peptic ulcer disease, paralysis, obesity, congestive heart failure, valvular disease, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and liver disease were associated with a higher risk of ARDS. We described a high prevalence of obesity (53%), hypertension (38%-although not significantly associated with ARDS), and diabetes (32%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Trough an innovative method, a large international cohort study of young adults developing ARDS after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been gather. It demonstrated the poor outcomes of this population and associated risk factor.