tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P36 Respiratory functional status after intrapleural t-PA administration for complicated parapneumonic effusions
Authors: D. Spyratos, M. Sionidou, T. Kontakiotis, P. Zarogoulidis, K. Zarogoulidis, L. Sichletidis
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> In a large-scale, multicentered randomised trial, intrapleural administration of streptokinase has been proved unsuccessful among patients with pleural infection but &gt;80% of them had visibly purulent pleural fluid while small bore chest tubes (median diameter: 12F) had been used. The aim of our study was to investigate lung function and exercise capacity after intrapleural administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in adult patients with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPE). <h3>Methods</h3> Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age 50.2±19.3 years) with CPE were included. Chest tube (13 patients: 32F, 2 patients: 10F) was inserted under guidance of computed tomography and all patients received IV antibiotics. After pleural fluid drainage has been stopped for 24 h, 25 mg t-PA/day was administered via chest tube for two consecutive days. We evaluated patients with spirometry before t-PA, 1 day after chest tube removal and 1 month after discharge. During the second and third time-point evaluations, 6 min walking test was also performed. <h3>Results</h3> Patients reported symptoms 10.7±7.4 days before hospital admission while all of them demonstrated loculated effusions on computed tomography. The mean production of fluid was 721.3±821.7 ml before and 1.500±107.1 ml after t-PA administration (p&lt;0.001). Improvement in lung function and exercise capacity during follow-up are presented on Abstract P36 table 1. FVC had been increased by 572.6±653.5 ml initially and by 575.8±366.6 ml 1 month later. VATS was necessary only for one patient. Adverse events were pain (7/15) and minor bleeding (2/15) at the site of chest tube insertion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Intrapleural administration of t-PA for CPE was an effective treatment considering functional status of the respiratory system during follow-up.
TRANSMISSION AND CULTIVATION EXPERIMENTS WITH HUMAN TRACHOMA AND THE EXPERIMENTAL DISEASE IN MONKEYS
Authors: P. K. Olitsky, R. E. Knutti, J. R. Tyler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Conjunctival tissue derived from alien and native American white persons in New York City, having trachoma in an advanced stage, has been used successfully to induce in Macacus rhesus monkeys characteristic granular conjunctivitis. The transfer of infection was effected either by a single subconjunctival injection, or by repeated swabbing with conjunctival secretions. 2. Pathogenic strains of Bacterium granulosis have been recovered from the trachomatous tissues of six out of eleven patients. In addition, the organisms have been isolated from the monkeys infected with human material. 3. Repeated swabbing with secretions obtained from monkeys having experimental trachoma has given rise to characteristic granular conjunctivitis in normal animals. In addition, repeated instillations of suspensions of conjunctival tissue fragments derived from affected monkeys have led to characteristic infection of the conjunctivae of normal monkeys. 4. Contact infection occurs in monkeys, as it has long been known to occur in human beings; animals with smooth conjunctivae developing the experimental disease when merely caged with infected monkeys. 5. Repeated instillation of cultures followed by rubbing the eyelids will lead to the disease in monkeys, a method of transfer which indicates one manner in which the affection may be transmitted from man to man. Yet another manner of producing the experimental condition is by repeated swabbing with cultures of Bacterium granulosis. Noguchi has already reported the successful outcome of the subconjunctival inoculation of cultures and the spread of the disease from an infected conjunctiva to the other eye of the same animal. 6. Tissues derived from cases of human trachoma or from monkeys having the experimental disease induce, on conjunctival inoculation of Macacus rhesus monkeys, the same clinical and pathological effects as do cultures of Bacterium granulosis. The conjunctival lesions closely resemble, in clinical appearance and in microscopic changes, those of the follicular stages of trachoma in man.
Explosion Hazard of Intragastric Anesthetic Mixtures
Authors: Beatriz L. deNava
Journal: JAMA (1960)

An explosion that occurred two and one-half hours after the cessation of anesthesia maintained by ethylene and oxygen led to this investigation of the possibility that flammable anesthetic mixtures might be retained in the stomach. Various flammable mixtures of anesthetic gases were instilled into the stomachs of sleeping dogs by Levine tube and periodically sampled for ignitibility. An ethylene-oxygen mixture was still flammable after four hours. Mixtures of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and ether were flammable for about 50 minutes, of cyclopropane and oxygen for 35 minutes, and of ether and oxygen for 25 minutes. These mixtures were within conventional anesthetic ranges. With widespread use of relaxant drugs and assisted respiration, it is a common error of technique to permit the stomach to become inflated with anesthetic mixtures. If these are flammable, an explosion hazard associated with subsequent eructations can be present far longer than was previously thought.
Association of Clopidogrel Treatment With Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events Following Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Charlotte Andersson, Stig Lyngbæk, Cu Dinh Nguyen, Mia Nielsen, Gunnar H. Gislason, Lars Køber, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that persistently high platelet reactivity is common in patients with diabetes in spite of clopidogrel treatment. Clinical trials have not convincingly demonstrated that clopidogrel benefits patients with diabetes as much patients without diabetes.To estimate the clinical effectiveness associated with clopidogrel treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with diabetes.By individual-level linkage of the Danish nationwide administrative registries between 2002-2009, patients who were hospitalized with incident MI and who had survived and not undergone coronary artery bypass surgery 30 days after discharge were followed up for as long as 1 year (maximally until December 31, 2009). Adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, calendar year, concomitant pharmacotherapy, and invasive interventions, hazard ratios that were associated with clopidogrel in patients with and without diabetes were analyzed by Cox proportional-hazard models and propensity score-matched models.All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and a composite end point of recurrent MI and all-cause mortality.Of the 58,851 patients included in the study, 7247 (12%) had diabetes and 35,380 (60%) received clopidogrel. In total, 1790 patients (25%) with diabetes and 7931 patients (15%) without diabetes met the composite end point. Of these, 1225 (17%) with and 5377 (10%) without diabetes died. In total, 978 patients (80%) with and 4100 patients (76%) without diabetes died of events of cardiovascular origin. For patients with diabetes who were treated with clopidogrel, the unadjusted mortality rates (events/100 person-years) were 13.4 (95% CI, 12.8-14.0) vs 29.3 (95% CI, 28.3-30.4) for those not treated. For patients without diabetes who were treated with clopidogrel, the unadjusted mortality rates were 6.4 (95% CI, 6.3-6.6) vs 21.3 (95% CI, 21.0-21.7) for those not treated. However, among patients with diabetes vs those without diabetes, clopidogrel was associated with less effectiveness for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-1.00] vs 0.75 [95% CI, 0.70-0.80]; P for interaction, .001) and for cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.81-1.06] vs 0.77 [95% CI, 0.72-0.83]; P for interaction, .01) but not for the composite end point (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91-1.10] vs 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.96]; P for interaction, .08). Propensity score-matched models gave similar results.Among patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes, the use of conventional clopidogrel treatment after MI was associated with lower reduction in the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular death.
Quantification of Pulmonary Inflammation after Segmental Allergen Challenge Using Turbo-Inversion Recovery-Magnitude Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jens Vogel-Claussen, Julius Renne, Jan Hinrichs, Christian Schönfeld, Marcel Gutberlet, Frank Schaumann, Carla Winkler, Cornelia Faulenbach, Norbert Krug, Frank K. Wacker, Jens M. Hohlfeld
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: There is a need to develop novel noninvasive imaging biomarkers that help to evaluate antiinflammatory asthma treatments.Objectives: To investigate whether the extent of the segmental lung edema measured noninvasively using turbo-inversion recovery-magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (TIRM MRI) corresponds to the severity of the regional allergic reaction determined by the percentage of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) 24 hours after segmental allergen challenge in patients with asthma compared with normal control subjects.Methods: Eleven volunteers with allergic asthma and five healthy volunteers underwent segmental challenges with different allergen doses by two bronchoscopies 24 hours apart. They had lung MRI at baseline and 6 and 24 hours after segmental challenge. MRI TIRM scores were correlated with the eosinophilic response at 24 hours.Measurements and Main Results: In patients with asthma, there were significant differences of eosinophil percentages in BAL at 24 hours from segments given standard-dose, low-dose, or no allergen (saline) (P < 0.001). Correspondingly significant differences between the TIRM score in allergen standard-dose, low-dose, and saline-treated segments were observed at 24 hours post-challenge (P < 0.001). With increasing TIRM score at 24 hours the percent eosinophils per segment 24 hours post-challenge also increased accordingly (P < 0.001). There was interobserver agreement for TIRM score grading (kappa = 0.72 for 24-h time point).Conclusions: The MRI-based noninvasive TIRM score is a promising biomarker for the noninvasive detection of the inflammatory response after segmental allergen challenge in patients with asthma and may serve to monitor the therapeutic effectiveness of novel antiinflammatory drugs in future human trials.
Potentiation of Inhibitory Activity of Colistin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Sulphamethoxazole and Sulphamethizole
Authors: N. A. Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Potentiation of colistin by sulphamethoxazole and sulphamethizole was demonstrated with 19 out of 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This enhancement was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic. Synergy between trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole was also demonstrated with four strains of Ps. aeruginosa, but even when the two drugs were combined high concentrations of trimethoprim were still required to produce a bactericidal effect. Combinations of sulphamethoxazole and gentamicin appeared to be synergistic when the bacteriostatic effect was measured, but the combined bactericidal effect was indifference. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of combinations of carbenicillin with sulphamethoxazole was also indifference.
Localization of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin in Esophageal Tissues: A Potential Biomarker for Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: G KEPHART, J ALEXANDER, A ARORA, Y ROMERO, T SMYRK, N TALLEY, H KITA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
S2-6: ErbB3 Expression Is Required for Maintenance of Normal and Transformed Luminal Breast Epithelial Cells.
Authors: RS Cook, JM Balko, C Rinehart, TW Miller, K Polyak, A Prat, CM Perou, CL Arteaga
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family regulates breast development and cancer. ErbB2/HER2 expression correlates with HER2-enriched breast cancers, while epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression often correlates with triple negative breast cancers. Less is known regarding ErbB3, which harbors only weak kinase activity, but strongly activates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling upon heterodimerization with EGFR or ErbB2. We report herein that ERBB3 mRNA expression strongly correlates with Luminal A/B breast cancers, which express lower levels of EGFR and ErbB2. Mammary-specific loss of ErbB3 in mice reduced Akt phosphorylation and caused cell death in the luminal epithelium. A decreased luminal population in ErbB3-deficient epithelium correlated with expansion of the mammary stem/progenitor fraction. In normal breast samples, ERBB3 mRNA expression was highest in mature/progenitor luminal populations, and lowest in the stem/basal population. Loss of ErbB3 shifted gene expression in mammary epithelial cells to resemble a mammary stem cell signature. The genes most greatly impacted by ErbB3 loss produced a signature that correlated with decreased overall survival in tamoxifen-treated patients. Knock-down of ErbB3 in human luminal breast cancer cells caused decreased cell growth under conditions of estrogen deprivation, decreased expression of the gene encoding aromatase, and impaired expression of estrogen receptor-induced genes, including those that encode progesterone receptor and TFF1. Treatment of MCF7 luminal breast cancer xenografts with AMG-888, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against ErbB3, decreased tumor growth. Combination of AMG-888 with the estrogen receptor inhibitor fulvestrant caused MCF7 tumor regression. Taken together, these results suggest that ErbB3 is required to sustain normal and transformed luminal epithelial cells of the breast, and suggest that targeting ErbB3 may improve the clinical outcome of breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S2-6.
Inhibitory Autophosphorylation of CaMKII Controls PSD Association, Plasticity, and Learning
Authors: Ype Elgersma, Nikolai B Fedorov, Sami Ikonen, Esther S Choi, Minetta Elgersma, Ofelia M Carvalho, Karl Peter Giese, Alcino J Silva
Journal: Neuron (2002)
THE MORTALITY OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: J. B. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1927)

MORTALITY OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 2oa ia u This may readily be effected from three to six months after the injections.It is claimed that after three injections wi'th toxin-antitoxin 70 to 90 per cent. of those treated are found to.be immune after eight weeks.Interesting figures have been published showing that in America of 90,000 Schick-tested, immunized, and treated school children, 14 got diphtheria, while of a similar number not tested or treated 56 acquired the disease.An extensive campaign has recently been started in New York to popularize antidiphtheria immunization.It would seen advisable to apply the system whenever a careful study of the epidemiological situation convinces us that it may be resorted to with advantage.Another application of the Schick test is in the clinical diagnosis of diphtheria.A true case of faucial diphtheria
Stimulation and proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells by cytochrome P450 2E1-derived reactive oxygen species
Authors: Natalia Nieto, Scott L. Friedman, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is expressed mainly in hepatocytes and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). To better understand how hepatic stellate cells (HSC) become activated in the presence of oxidative stress and evaluate whether CYP2E1-derived ROS activate stellate cells, we coincubated primary stellate cells with HepG2 cells, which do (E47 cells) or do not (C34 cells) express CYP2E1. Morphologic changes and loss of lipid droplets were more apparent in the stellate cells cocultured with E47 cells. There was a more pronounced increase in α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma), intracellular and secreted collagen type I protein, and intra- and extracellular H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation products in stellate cells coincubated with E47 cells. Expression of collagen in stellate cells did not change when cocultured with HepG2 cells expressing a different P450, CYP3A4. Stellate cells cultured on Matrigel expressed increased α-sma and collagen when incubated with E47 cells. The increase in collagen production by coculture with E47 cells was prevented by antioxidants, by CYP2E1 inhibitors, and by transfected antisense CYP2E1. The addition of arachidonic acid plus ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), agents that potentiate oxidative stress, further induced collagen protein in the E47 coculture. Stellate cell proliferation was greater in the E47 coculture, and this was partially abrogated by catalase and vitamin E. These results show that hepatocytes containing CYP2E1 release diffusible mediators including ROS, which can activate HSC. Thus, besides perturbing the homeostasis of hepatocytes, CYP2E1-derived diffusible oxidants may also interact with stellate cells and contribute to hepatic fibrosis.
Familial Congenital Clubbing of Fingers and Toes
Authors: OSCAR B. RAGINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 January 1933Familial Congenital Clubbing of Fingers and ToesReport of a CaseOSCAR B. RAGINS, M.D., E. B. FREILICH, M.D.OSCAR B. RAGINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. B. FREILICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-7-946 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCongenital familial clubbing of fingers and toes is apparently a rare condition. A review of literature revealed no report of such conditions. We therefore thought the present example worthwhile reporting.Mr. B., 34 years old, presented himself for examination with minor complaints of gastro-intestinal origin. During the course of examination, the peculiar clubbing of his fingers and toes was noted. There were no abnormal findings in his heart or lungs. Except for a slight tic of the palpebral muscles of his left eye, the physical examination was essentially negative.The patient related that his sister, father, and paternal uncle have... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, IllinoisReceived for publication April 20, 1932.From the Out Patient Department, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHeritable Nail DisordersPachydermoperiostosis (Idiopathic Clubbing and Periostosis)Club Fingers and Club Toes of Unknown Etiology 1 January 1933Volume 6, Issue 7Page: 946-947KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyHeartLungsMusclesOutpatients Issue Published: 1 January 1933 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: BOY FRAME
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Symposium1 October 1972Metabolic Bone DiseaseBOY FRAME, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. M. PARFITT, M.B., B.CHIR.BOY FRAME, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. M. PARFITT, M.B., B.CHIR.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-4-655 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe symposium, Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Bone Disease, held at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 26-29 June 1972, opened with a 1-day presentation of methods and techniques useful in diagnosis. Various forms of specific metabolic bone diseases were discussed on subsequent days.The photon absorption method is the most convenient current way to measure serial changes in bone density, but a new technique, using the Compton photon beam scattering principle, seems to hold promise for the future. Microradioscopy, with its use of an industrial film and magnified views of the phalanges and metacarpals, provides an improved radiologic diagnosis of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDevelopment of Bone Targeting Drugs4-Amino-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid (Adt) as cysteine conformationally restricted analogue. synthetic protocol for Adt containing peptides 1 October 1972Volume 77, Issue 4Page: 655-656KeywordsBoneBone densityForecastingMetabolic disorders Issue Published: 1 October 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.
Authors: D. P. Strachan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

chemical findings stable.The packed cell volume was 0 27.With hypertonic peritoneal dialysis his weight decreased by 1 6 kg, but blood pressure remained raised at 230/130 mm Hg, and the next day he suffered two generalised seizures.Packed cell volume was 0-35.Phenytoin was started.He was discharged on 17 December, normotensive with no neurological sequelae, and taking no antihypertensive medication.Phenytoin was subsequently withdrawn.He had a cadaveric renal transplant in 1987 and remained well with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
The Novel Polyamine Analogue CGC-11093 Enhances the Antimyeloma Activity of Bortezomib
Authors: Jennifer S. Carew, Steffan T. Nawrocki, Venudhar K. Reddy, Dorothy Bush, Jerold E. Rehg, Andrew Goodwin, Janet A. Houghton, Robert A. Casero, Laurence J. Marton, John L. Cleveland
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. The recent successes of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in MM therapy have prompted investigations of its efficacy in combination with other anticancer agents. Polyamines play important roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis and represent an important therapeutic target. CGC-11093 is a novel polyamine analogue that has completed a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of cancer. Here, we report that CGC-11093 selectively augments the in vitro and in vivo antimyeloma activity of bortezomib. Specifically, the combination of CGC-11093 and bortezomib compromised MM viability and clonogenic survival, and increased drug-induced apoptosis over that achieved by either single agent. Xenografts of MM tumors treated with this combination had marked increases in phospho-c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK)-positive cells and apoptosis, and corresponding reductions in tumor burden, tumor vasculature, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the proangiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK with a pharmacologic inhibitor or by selective knockdown blunted the efficacy of CGC-11093 and bortezomib. Therefore, CGC-11093 enhances the anticancer activity of bortezomib by augmenting JNK-mediated apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis. These findings support the study of the use of the combination of bortezomib and CGC-11093 in MM patients that fail to respond to frontline therapy.
The First Stage of Cardinal Direction Selectivity Is Localized to the Dendrites of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Keisuke Yonehara, Karl Farrow, Alexander Ghanem, Daniel Hillier, Kamill Balint, Miguel Teixeira, Josephine Jüttner, Masaharu Noda, Rachael L. Neve, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Botond Roska
Journal: Neuron (2013)
[304] OPIOID AND NITRIC OXIDE MODULATION OF PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN A REVERSIBLE MODEL OF CHEMICAL CHOLESTASIS
Authors: A.R. Dehpour, A. Nourian, A. Jannati, H. Honar, K. Riazi, T. Gholipour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)