tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4876: Characterization of malignant melanoma growth triggered by the brain microenvironment in experimental metastasis models
Authors: Vigdis Nygaard, Lina Prasmickaite, Kotryna Vasiliauskaite, Trevor Clancy, Eivind Hovig
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The brain offers a unique microenvironment to which malignant melanoma frequently spreads leading to dismal prognosis for the patients. The molecular determinants that promote melanoma brain metastases however, remain largely unknown. Here, we show an experimental strategy utilizing two species of immune-compromised animals in a metastasis model to generate in vivo-cultivated metastatic tissues along with their corresponding host tissues in order to identify molecular events associated with brain metastases. The study was based on the melanoma cell lines, Melmet 1 and Melmet 5 with opposing phenotypes (invasive/proliferative, respectively) in the in vitro setting and distinct metastatic patterns in vivo, where Melmet 1 showed a preference to the brain. Transcriptional changes in the melanoma cells, as induced by the brain-microenvironment in both host species, revealed the opportunistic nature of melanoma in this context. We detected transitioning from the invasive phenotype to the proliferative phenotype, as the brain metastases passed from early to late growth phase. Of significance, we identified a brain-adaptive phenotype with synaptic characteristics and where glutamate signaling and Ca2+-dependent effectors played a central role. The brain-adaptive phenotype was more prominent in the earlier metastatic growth phases compared to a later phase. Analysis of host tissue uncovered a cooperative inflammatory microenvironment formed by activated host cells. Altogether, this suggests that acquisition of the brain-adaptive phenotype in a permissive environment might be critical for the establishment of metastatic growth in the brain microenvironment and further, targeting glutamate signaling may represent a therapeutic approach in brain metastasis. Global network modeling and functional annotation analysis revealed that several of the central molecular factors and pathways mediating melanoma brain metastasis in this study, are also central to other pathological diseases, in particular neurodegenerative diseases. The identification of essential molecular networks that operate to promote the brain-adaptive phenotype is of clinical relevance, as they represent leads to urgently needed therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Vigdis Nygaard, Lina Prasmickaite, Kotryna Vasiliauskaite, Trevor Clancy, Eivind Hovig. Characterization of malignant melanoma growth triggered by the brain microenvironment in experimental metastasis models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4876. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4876
Prospective Multicenter Study of Axillary Nodal Staging by Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer: A Report of the Staging Breast Cancer With PET Study Group
Authors: Richard L. Wahl, Barry A. Siegel, R. Edward Coleman, Constantine G. Gatsonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine the accuracy of positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG-PET) in detecting axillary nodal metastases in women with primary breast cancer.In this prospective multicenter study, 360 women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer underwent FDG-PET. Images were blindly interpreted by three experienced readers for abnormally increased axillary FDG uptake. Imaging results from 308 assessable axillae were compared with axillary node pathology.For detecting axillary nodal metastasis, the mean estimated area under the receiver operator curve for the three readers was 0.74 (range, 0.70 to 0.76). If at least one probably or definitely abnormal axillary focus was considered positive, the mean (and range) sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PET were 61% (54% to 67%), 80% (79% to 81%), 62% (60% to 64%), and 79% (76% to 81%), respectively. False-negative axillae on PET had significantly smaller and fewer tumor-positive lymph nodes (2.7) than true-positive axillae (5.1; P <.005). Semiquantitative analysis of axillary FDG uptake showed that a nodal standardized uptake value (lean body mass) more than 1.8 had a positive predictive value of 90%, but a sensitivity of only 32%. Finding two or more intense foci of tracer uptake in the axilla was highly predictive of axillary metastasis (78% to 83% positive predictive value), albeit insensitive (27%).FDG-PET has moderate accuracy for detecting axillary metastasis but often fails to detect axillae with small and few nodal metastases. Although highly predictive for nodal tumor involvement when multiple intense foci of tracer uptake are identified, FDG-PET is not routinely recommended for axillary staging of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.
Value of Precise Localization of Recurrent Multiple Myeloma With F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Witold Cholewinski, Ivan Castellon, Barbara Raphael, Sherif I. Heiba
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 37-year-old man with multiple myeloma in remission underwent routine fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) study for disease restaging. Both FDG-PET and CT images showed focal abnormalities in the region of the T6 vertebra, but the fused images that are routinely provided with PET/CT could precisely localize the FDG active lesion to a soft tissue focus in the epidural space, away from a lytic nonactive vertebral body lesion despite their close proximity. The PET/CT scan identified a few other metabolically active osseous lesions out of many lytic bony changes throughout the skeleton. Accordingly, the patient received the correct management for an impending spinal cord compression at the appropriate time, in addition to systemic therapy for disease relapse.
Pre-infarction angina elicits greater myocardial viability on reperfusion after myocardial infarction: a dobutamine stress echocardiographic study
Authors: Ignacio Iglesias-Garriz, Félix Corral, Miguel A Rodrı́guez, Carmen Garrote, Manuela Montes, Eugenia Sevillano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstract 5003: Functional significance of TIGAR expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Elaine Y. Wong, SC Cesar Wong, Charles M. Chan, Emily K. Lam, Louisa Ho, Cecilia P. Lau, Thomas C. Au, Amanda K. Chan, CM Tsang, George S. Tsao, Vivian W. Lui, Anthony T. Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus associated cancer of the nasopharynx. Annual incidence in China is high, reaching up to 25 per 100,000. NPC is a highly invasive and metastatic disease. At diagnosis, over 60% of patients have advanced disease where treatment failure due to distant recurrence or metastasis is common. More effective forms of therapy to treat this deadly disease are therefore urgently needed. The TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a p53 target gene which blocks glycolysis and promotes cellular metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway. TIGAR promotes production of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), leading to enhanced scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of oxidative-stress induced apoptosis in normal cells. Previously, we have found that a novel nucleoside analog inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in NPC cell lines via down-regulation of TIGAR expression. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effect of c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors was ameliorated by over-expression of TIGAR in NPC cell lines. These results are indicative of a pivotal role for TIGAR expression in maintaining NPC cell survival. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of TIGAR in NPC tumor tissues and the consequences of TIGAR overexpression and knockdown on NPC cell growth and invasion. It was found that TIGAR is overexpressed in 27 out of 36 (75%) NPC cases in the tumor cells compared to their respective normal epithelial cells. Overexpression of TIGAR in NPC cell lines resulted in increased proliferation, invasion, NADPH production and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers including fibronectin and vimentin. These changes were reversed when TIGAR expression was knocked down by transfection with siRNA, demonstrating specificity of the observed effects. Together, our results indicate that TIGAR expression promotes proliferation, invasiveness and expression of mesenchymal markers in NPC cells. These findings may form the basis for development of a new therapeutic target for treatment of NPC in the future. Citation Format: Elaine YL Wong, SC Cesar Wong, Charles ML Chan, Emily KY Lam, Louisa Ho, Cecilia PY Lau, Thomas CC Au, Amanda KC Chan, CM Tsang, George SW Tsao, Vivian WY Lui, Anthony TC Chan. Functional significance of TIGAR expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5003. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5003
We need to wake up to the value of sleep medicine
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Cervical cancer is a frequent tumor with established prognostic factors such as FIGO stage and hemoglobin levels among others. Despite the fact that paraneoplastic leukocytosis is relatively common in many solid tumors, only isolated cases of cervical cancer patients presenting this abnormality have been published; hence, the clinical significance of leukocytosis is unknown in this tumor type. Retrospective review on the medical records of 294 consecutive newly diagnosed and untreated locally advanced cervical cancer patients who received radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin was conducted. Leukocytosis was defined as a persistent white blood cell count exceeding 10,800/μL, determined at least twice before commencing chemoradiation providing that patients were free of any active acute or chronic infection or any other condition known to elevate the leukocyte count. The frequency of leukocytosis and their correlation with clinicopathologic features were investigated, as well as their impact on tumor response and survival. Leukocytosis with a median value of 13,300/μL (11,100–28,800) was observed in 35 (11.9%) patients at diagnosis. Leukocytosis was statistically associated only with advanced stages. Clinical complete response was observed in 57% versus 86% of the patients with and without leukocytosis, respectively. In the univariate analysis, leukocytosis, stage, and hemoglobin levels were significant predictors of survival; however, only leukocytosis and the hemoglobin level remained significant predictors of survival in the multivariate analysis. Leukocytosis is common in cervical cancer patients and has a negative prognostic significance
Increasing doctors' confidence would solve low uptake of prehospital thrombolysis
Authors: J A Ellerton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Luke Vale and colleagues calculate that the additional cost of thrombolysis in the community compared with hospital use is modest and suggest further research on the impact of a policy of community thrombolysis.1

I work in a rural practice 35 km from the nearest district general hospital; anistreplase was introduced into the practice four years ago. The 10 doctors serve a resident population of 14 000 people; in addition there are many holidaymakers and a local community hospital. Almost all patients with chest …
Targeting the Skeletal Muscle–Metabolism Axis in Prostate-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shehzad Basaria, Shalender Bhasin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Among men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, there is a high frequency of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of cardiovascular death. How the loss of anabolic signals leads to sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities may be informative.
HLA Cw*06 is not essential for streptococcal-induced psoriasis
Authors: L. Fry, A.V. Powles, S. Corcoran, S. Rogers, J. Ward, D.J. Unsworth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article HLA Cw*06 is not essential for streptococcal‐induced psoriasis Get access L. Fry, L. Fry Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.V. Powles, A.V. Powles Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Corcoran, S. Corcoran Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Rogers, S. Rogers Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ward, J. Ward Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Unsworth D.J. Unsworth Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, U.K. *The Skin Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland †Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, U.K Dr Joe Unsworth. E‐mail: joe.unsworth@nbt.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 5, 1 May 2006, Pages 850–853, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07101.x Published: 01 May 2006 Article history Accepted: 25 September 2005 Published: 01 May 2006
Neonatal screening in New Zealand
Authors: D. Webster, C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1996)

or radio (162) and newspapers (1 19) we believe that these are important vehicles for increasing public awareness of this disease.In the light of our findings we suggest that future publicity should emphasise that meningitis is not a threat only to babies and young children and that teenagers and elderly people are also particularly at risk.The importance of a petechial or purpuric rash that does not fade when pressure is applied and the need for immediate action when such a rash is found should also be highlighted.
Video capsule diagnosis of intestinal duplication in a 15-year-old patient
Authors: F. Torroni, P. De Angelis, T. Caldaro, G. Federici, A. Pane, C. Romano, L. Dall’Oglio
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The use of video capsule ileoscopy in pediatric patients is becoming more common. The technique has been used in cases of obscure small-bowel bleeding, polyposis, Crohn’s disease, and, occasionally, to investigate the anatomical anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract that are typically encountered in this age group [1] [2].
THE RELATION BETWEEN SERUM MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 AND CORONARY COLLATERAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Asife Sahinarslan, Sinan Kocaman, Salih Topal, Ugur Ercin, Neslihan Bukan, Ridvan Yalcin, Atiye Cengel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Thiocyanate Psychosis Treated by Extracorporeal Hemodialysis
Authors: James Christensen
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIOCYANATES have been used in the treatment of hypertension since 1903. The replacement of thiocyanate by newer agents useful in hypertension has resulted in a lack of familiarity with this method of treatment and with the toxicity of the thiocyanate ion. Toxic psychosis caused by thiocyanate overdosage may be misinterpreted as a symptom of hypertensive or cerebral vascular disease. The following case is reported to illustrate the fact that thiocyanate psychosis may still occur and to confirm a previous report of the success of extracorporeal hemodialysis in its treatment. Report of a Case A 68-year-old woman entered the State University of Iowa Hospitals on Sept. 21, 1960. Relatives stated that she had been in excellent mental and physical health until about 6 weeks before when she had consulted her physician because of a minor injury to the leg. She was found to have a blood pressure of 230/115 mm. Hg.
Lead poisoning: association with hemolytic anemia, basophilic stippling, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic accumulation of pyrimidines.
Authors: W N Valentine, D E Paglia, K Fink, G Madokoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Lead intoxication is accompanied by an acquired deficiency of erythrocyte pryimidine-specific, 5'-nucleotidase. Genetically determined deficiency of this enzyme is associated with chronic hemolysis, marked basophilic stippling of erythrocytes on stained blood films, and unique intraerythrocytic accumulations of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides. The present report documents that lead-induced deficiency when sufficiently severe gives rise to findings similar to the hereditary disorder. Whereas pyrimidine-containing nucleotides are virutally absent in the erythrocytes of normal and reticulocyte-rich blood, 12% of erythrocyte nucloetides in the blood of a patient with lead intoxication contained cytidine. Nucleotidase activity was about 25% that in normal erythrocytes and 15% or less of that expected in comparable reticulocyte-rich blood. The distribution of nucleotidase activity in patient erythrocytes is unknown, and much more severe deficiency could have been present in subsets of the cell populations analyzed. The findings indicate that the hemolytic anemia and increased basophilic stippling characteristic of certain cases of lead intoxication may share a common etiology with essentially identical features of the genetically determined disorder.
Death From Pneumonia With Bacteremia Due to Mimeae Tribe Bacterium
Authors: John B. Hammett
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Organisms of the Mimeae tribe have been implicated as pathogens for man in numerous infections including meningitis, urethritis, endocarditis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia. Two patients who died of pneumonia due to a member of the Mimeae tribe,<i>Bacterium anitratum</i>, have been described previously. This report describes an additional similar case and emphasizes that organisms of the Mimeae tribe can be primary pulmonary pathogens.
Acute Insulin Response and β-Cell Compensation in Normal Subjects Treated With Olanzapine or Risperidone for 2 Weeks
Authors: Thomas A. Hardy, Adam L. Meyers, Jun Yu, Sudha S. Shankar, Helmut O. Steinberg, Niels K. Porksen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We recently reported that short-term treatment with olanzapine or risperidone did not impair acute insulin response or β-cell compensation in healthy subjects (1). Dr. Jindal (2) has cited some possible inconsistencies between our study and other reports, which we would like to address.

First, Dr. Jindal notes that our conclusions contrast with those of Ader et al. (3) and points to differences in antipsychotic doses as one possible reason. However, the final olanzapine dose in our study (10 mg/day) is consistent with the package insert's target dose for patients with schizophrenia and also appears to be consistent with common prescribing practices for the treatment of schizophrenia at the time our …
Nutrition and Society
Authors: David J. Kallen
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Malnutrition during development leads to high infant mortality and lowered physical size. While severe malnutrition may lead to intellectual impairment, the direct relationship between moderate malnutrition and intelligence is still unknown. This is because both nutrition and intellectual development are associated with various social factors. While malnutrition is a medical problem, hunger is a social problem, complicated by the fact that the hungry are also subject to various other noxious social conditions. The negative effect of moderate malnutrition may stem from apathy in learning and other situations which relate to life success.
Roflumilast, an oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, attenuates allergen-induced asthmatic reactions
Authors: Emmerentia van Schalkwyk, K. Strydom, Zelda Williams, Louis Venter, Stefan Leichtl, Christine Schmid-Wirlitsch, Dirk Bredenbröker, Philip G. Bardin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Abstract P6-06-57: Progesterone receptor status and Ki-67 index may predict early relapse in luminal B/HER2 negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Y Zong, L Zhu, J Wu, X Chen, O Huang, X Fei, J He, W Chen, Y Li, K Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose Few studies has documented early relapse in luminalB/HER2-negative breast cancer. We examined prognostic factors for early relapse among these patients to improve treatment decision-making. Patients and Methods A total 398 patients with luminalB/HER2-negative breast cancer were included. Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and Cox regression to identify prognostic factors. Results Absence of progesterone receptor (PR) expression was associated with higher tumor grade (p&amp;lt; .001) and Ki-67 index (p = .010). PR-absent patients received more chemotherapy than the PR-present group (p = .009). After a median follow-up of 2 years, 17 patients (4.3%) had early relapses and 6 patients (1.5%) had died. The 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 97.2% in the PR-present and 88.6% in the PR-absent groups (Log-rank p = .004). Also, patients with a high Ki-67 index (defined as &amp;gt;30%) had a reduced DFS when compared with low Ki-67 index group (≤30%) (97.6% vs 91.3%, respectively, Log-rank p = .025). In multivariate analysis, PR absence was significantly associated with a reduced DFS (HR = 4.031, 95% CI 1.293-12.574, p = .016). Conclusion PR absence was a prognostic factor for early relapse in luminal B/HER2-negative breast cancer, while a high Ki-67 index suggested a higher risk of early relapse. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-57.