tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controlling for High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Does Not Affect the Magnitude of the Relationship Between Alcohol and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Per Magnus, Eirin Bakke, Dominic A. Hoff, Gudrun Høiseth, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Ronny Myhre, Per Trygve Normann, Øyvind Næss, Kristian Tambs, Dag S. Thelle, Jørg Mørland
Journal: Circulation (2011)

This study tested the hypothesis that moderate alcohol intake exerts its cardioprotective effect mainly through an increase in the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.In the Cohort of Norway (CONOR) study, 149 729 adult participants, recruited from 1994 to 2003, were followed by linkage to the Cause of Death Registry until 2006. At recruitment, questionnaire data on alcohol intake were collected, and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum was measured. Using Cox regression, we found that the adjusted hazard ratio for men for dying from coronary heart disease was 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.69) when consuming alcohol more than once a week compared with never or rarely. The ratio changed only slightly, to 0.55 (0.41-0.73), after the regression model included the serum level of high-density cholesterol. For women, the corresponding hazard ratios were 0.62 (0.32-1.23) and 0.68 (0.34-1.34), respectively.Alcohol intake is related to a reduced risk of death from coronary heart disease in the follow-up of a large, population-based Norwegian cohort study with extensive control for confounding factors. Our findings suggest that the serum level of high-density cholesterol is not an important intermediate variable in the possible causal pathway between moderate alcohol intake and coronary heart disease.
Rash in a 15 month old girl
Authors: S. M. C. George, M. Sen, D. Elliman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 15 month old white girl became unwell on the day after she received her MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and pneumococcal vaccinations. These had initially been booked when she was 13 months old but were postponed twice owing to minor illnesses. 

On the day after her vaccinations she developed conjunctivitis, a cough, and fever, with gradual worsening of her symptoms over the next few days. Four days after the onset of symptoms, she refused food and had an episode of vomiting. The next day, small erythematous macules appeared behind her ears. Tiny white papules were present on the buccal mucosa. The eruption became papular and spread to her face, trunk, and limbs. The rash gradually became more confluent and maculopapular. 

She was previously healthy but had contracted several minor infectious illnesses since starting nursery six months earlier. She had no known contact with anyone with a rash illness and no history of foreign travel. She lived with both parents and had no siblings.



### What is the most likely cause of the rash?

#### Short answer

Wild-type measles.

#### Long answer

The differential diagnosis includes infections with parvovirus B19, group A or C streptococcus, rubella, enterovirus, adenovirus, and human herpes virus 6 (roseola infantum) or a vaccination reaction.1 2 However the initial symptoms of malaise, fever, anorexia, cough, conjunctivitis, and coryza are typical of the prodromal phase of measles. The rash showed the characteristic morphology, distribution, and progression (fig 1⇓) of a measles rash.



Fig 1 Top: Initial signs of measles rash in postauricular area; bottom: typical maculopapular eruption



The small white spots on the buccal mucosa were Koplik spots, which are reported to be pathognomonic for measles.3 Koplik spots—irregular …
Medical Care Costs of AIDS in Massachusetts
Authors: George R. Seage
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Previous investigation has suggested that the direct cost of medical care for the 24 011 reported patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be as high as $147 000 per patient. To evaluate the use and cost of medical services for patients with AIDS in Massachusetts, we performed a one-year cost of illness study of 45 AIDS patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as information on medical utilization were obtained from review of outpatient and hospital records. Patients with AIDS required a mean of 3.3 (±3.2) hospitalizations per year and 18.4 (±21.8) ambulatory visits per year. Overall, medical costs averaged $46 505 ±$38 720 per patient per year, with 91 % of these expenditures related to use of inpatient services. These results suggest that the cost of medical care for AIDS patients may be substantially less than previously estimated. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:3107-3109)
Selective induction of apoptosis in Hep 3B cells by topoisomerase I inhibitors: evidence for a protease-dependent pathway that does not activate cysteine protease P32.
Authors: P N Adjei, S H Kaufmann, W Y Leung, F Mao, G J Gores
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Progress in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common tumor worldwide, has been disappointing. Inhibitors of topoisomerases are being widely studied as potential inducers of tumor cell apoptosis. Our aims were to determine whether topoisomerase-directed drugs would induce apoptosis in a human HCC cell line (Hep 3B) and, if so, to investigate the mechanism. The topoisomerase I poison camptothecin (CPT) induced apoptosis of Hep 3B cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the topoisomerase II poison etoposide failed to induce apoptosis despite the apparent stabilization of topoisomerase II-DNA complexes. Unexpectedly, CPT-induced apoptosis in this cell type occurred without any detectable cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or lamin B, polypeptides that are commonly cleaved in other cell types undergoing apoptosis. Likewise, Hep 3B cell apoptosis occurred without a detectable increase in interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like or cysteine protease P32 (CPP32)-like protease activity. In contrast, trypsin-like protease activity (cleavage of Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-chloromethylaminocoumarin in situ) increased threefold in cells treated with CPT but not etoposide. Tosyl-lysyl chloromethyl ketone inhibited the trypsin-like protease activity and diminished CPT-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that (a) apoptosis is induced in Hep 3B cells after stabilization of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes but not after stabilization of topoisomerase II-DNA complexes as measured by alkaline filter elution; (b) Hep 3B cell apoptosis occurs without activation of ICE-like and CPP32-like protease activity; and (c) a trypsin-like protease activity appears to contribute to apoptosis in this cell type.
Paravertebral extramedullary hematopoiesis associated with improvement of anemia in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II
Authors: Gilles Lugassy, Joseph Michaeli, Noam Harats, Eugene Libson, Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Thoracic masses resulting from extramedullary hematopoiesis developed in two sisters of Moroccan origin with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS). In one patient, the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis was confirmed histologically. The appearance of extramedullary foci of hematopoiesis mimicking mediastinal tumors has not been previously described in HEMPAS. These masses result from persistent erythropoietic stimulation associated with chronic hemolytic anemia. In both patients, detection of the asymptomatic masses was preceded by normalization of hemoglobin levels. Thus unexpected correction of a chronic refractory anemia associated with the appearance of mediastinal masses might be the heralding manifestation of an effective extramedullary hemopoiesis.
Effect of Glyvenol (CIBA) on pain and on capillary resistance in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: W C Dick, G M Cunningham, G Nuki, M K Jasani, K Whaley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Glyvenolt (CIBA), a glucofuranoside (Fig. 1) has been shown to have potent a and anti-inflammatory properties in en animals (Jaques and Schar, 1967).'ere studied.intra-observer error (+ 1 07).Capillary resistance was measured by the "angiosterroissaex, England.metre" of Parrot (1954).This instrument consists of a =CIBA21,401in.suction pump attached to a suction head which is applied 1t7
THE FATE OF INJECTED PARTICULATE ANTIGENS IN RELATION TO THE FORMATION OF ANTIBODIES
Authors: T. N. Harris, W. E. Ehrich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Earlier studies have shown that the injection of antigenic material into the pad of the rabbit's foot is followed by the appearance of antibodies in the regional lymph node, in lymph coming from that node, and especially in the lymphocytes present in such efferent lymph. In the present work the fate of particulate antigenic material has been investigated during the period between its injection into the foot of the rabbit and the appearance of antibodies in the regional lymphatic tissue. It has been found that soluble substance of the same immunologic specificity as the antigenic material injected can be identified in extracts of the injected tissue and of the regional lymph node, and in the efferent lymph from that node. The concentration of this soluble material falls off slowly in the injected tissue in the course of the few days following the injection. It falls off quickly in the extract of the lymph node and in the lymph itself, and its disappearance is succeeded by the appearance of antibody. Evidence is presented that the immunologically active substance is derived from the injected antigenic material by a physiologic process, and this process is discussed as the means by which antigens, originally comprised in cells, are made available to the lymphocyte.
FDA approves use of cloned animals for food
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs, and goats and from the offspring of clones of any species traditionally used as food. It said that such meat and milk was “as safe to eat as food from conventionally bred animals.”

The FDA said that its conclusions agreed with those of a report from the National Academy of Sciences in 2002 and had been peer reviewed by independent scientific experts in cloning and animal health.

There was “insufficient information . . . to reach a conclusion on the safety of food from clones of other animal species, such as sheep,” the FDA said, and it recommended that food from clones of animals other than cattle, pigs, and goats was not introduced into the food supply.

“The US Department of Agriculture will …
A haematuria diagnostic service.
Authors: A G Turner, W F Hendry, G B Williams, D M Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In a haematuria diagnostic service, covering experience with 95 patients, 12 new cases of cancer of the bladder, one of cancer of the kidney, and one of cancer of the penis were identified--all at an early stage. Patients presenting with haematuria were investigated rapidly without disruption of the routine work of the urological unit. Patients who identified the symptoms and sought advice early were given a definite diagnosis quickly, and treatment for any malignant disease was started early. The delay that undoubtedly endangers patients' lives has been considerably reduced by this service.
Interim Report of the Committee on Auscultatory Phenomena of the Scientific Council of the American Heart Association
Authors: J. SCOTT BUTTERWORTH, EMMETT B. BAY, GEORGE E. BURCH, F. LOWELL DUNN, GEORGE D. GECKELER, W. PROCTOR HARVEY, FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, ROBERT R. RIESZ, SIMON RODBARD, HOWARD B. SPRAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1955)
Detection and Quantification of Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities using Phase Analysis of Equilibrium Gated Cardiac Studies
Authors: DAN G. PAVEL, ERNEST BYROM, WILFRED LAM, CAROLE MEYER-PAVEL, STEVEN SWIRYN, RAYMOND PIETRAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Phase images obtained from equilibrium gated cardiac studies were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative information and correlated with contrast angiography in 33 patients. The left ventricular region of interest was obtained by a semiautomatic procedure which avoided underestimation of size but also eliminated extraventricular pixels. Phase images and phase distribution histograms were arranged in three standard displays which included the whole heart, isolated left ventricle, isolated abnormal areas, and quantification of maximum phase shift in the whole free border and in the inferolateral and posterolateral segments. Only the free left ventricular border was evaluated. According to contrast angiography results, four categories were obtained: normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, and dyskinetic. The best correlation with contrast angiography was found with the results obtained by dividing the left ventricular free border in two segments (r = 0.91). Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons showed significant differences between each of the four categories. Expressed in phase shifts from the histogram mode, the lower limits for the three abnormal categories were established at 30°, 78°, and 156° respectively for hypokinetic, akinetic, and dyskinetic segments. For distinguishing normal from abnormal segments, sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 94%, and accuracy = 89%. The main reasons for discrepant results appeared to be small hypokinetic areas in an otherwise normal ventricle, very large area of hypokinesia, segments adjacent to an area of marked abnormality, and ventricles with asynchrony (wave-like motion). The method described provides an image which characterizes myocardial synchrony, generates clear boundaries for abnormal areas, and lends itself to quantification.
Promoter genetic variants of prostanoid DP receptor (<i>PTGDR</i>) gene in patients with asthma
Authors: C. Sanz, M. Isidoro‐García, I. Dávila, E. Moreno, E. Laffond, C. Ávila, F. Lorente
Journal: Allergy (2006)

PTGDR gene has been identified as an asthma-susceptibility gene. Recently, functional genetic variants have been associated with asthma. The objective of this work was to study -549T>C, -441C>T and -197T>C PTGDR promoter polymorphisms in a Spanish population.In this study, 197 Caucasian individuals were included. Asthma was specialist-physician diagnosed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) criteria and classified following the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Skin prick tests were performed in all patients. The polymorphisms were analyzed by direct sequencing.-197T>C polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma [Fisher's P-value = 0.007, Monte Carlo P-value (10(4) simulations) = 0.004]. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex confirmed this association with an increased risk of asthma (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.28-7.32; P-value = 0.012). CCT CCC diplotype was associated with asthma (P-value < 0.0001; OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.23), specifically with allergic asthma (P-value < 0.0001). CCT CCC diplotype is unambiguous. All individuals carrying this diplotype had asthma.We identified a specific promoter variant of PTGDR that could be associated with asthma. This diplotype is a combination of the two highest transcriptional efficiency haplotypes, recently described. Our in vivo results would support for the first time what was demonstrated in vitro about high-transcriptional efficiency PTGDR haplotypes in asthma.
Manslaughter convictions for making mistakes.
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The humoral immune response after primary immunisation with a SARS-CoV-2 vector vaccine (AstraZeneca AZD1222, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevria) followed by an mRNA vaccine boost (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2; Moderna, m-1273) was examined and compared with the antibody response after homologous vaccination schemes (AZD1222/AZD1222 or BNT162b2/BNT162b2). <h3>Methods</h3> Sera from 59 vaccinees were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and virus-neutralising antibodies (VNA) with four IgG assays, a surrogate neutralisation test (sVNT), and a Vero cell-based neutralisation test (cVNT) using the B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC; alpha) as antigen. Investigation was done before and after heterologous (n=31 and 42) or homologous booster vaccination (AZD1222/AZD1222, n=8/9; BNT162b2/BNT162b2, n=8/8). After the second immunisation, 26 age and gender matched sera (AZD1222/mRNA, n=9; AZD1222/AZD1222, n=9; BNT162b2/BNT162b2, n=8) were also tested for VNA against VOC B.1.617.2 (delta) in the cVNT. The strength of IgG binding to separate SARS-CoV-2 antigens was measured by avidity. <h3>Results</h3> After the first vaccination, prevalence of IgG directed against (trimeric) SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) varied from 55-95 % (AZD1222) to 100% (BNT162b2), depending on the vaccine used and the SARS-CoV-2 antigen used. The booster vaccination resulted in 100 percent seroconversion and appearance of highly avid IgG as well as VNA against VOC B.1.1.7. The results of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG tests showed an excellent correlation to the VNA titres against this VOC. The agreement of cVNT and sVNT results was good. However, the sVNT seems to overestimate non and weak B.1.1.7-neutralising titres. The mean anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and B.1.1.7-neutralising titres were significantly higher after heterologous vaccination compared to the homologous AZD1222 scheme. If VOC B.1.617.2 was used as antigen, significantly lower mean VNAs were measured in the cVNT, and three (33.3%) vector vaccine recipients had a VNA titre &lt;1:10. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to a strong antibody response with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and VNA titres at a level comparable to that of a homologous BNT162b2 vaccination scheme. Irrespectively of the chosen immunisation regime, highly avid IgG antibodies can be detected just two weeks after the second vaccine dose indicating the development of a robust humoral immunity. The observed reduction in the VNA titre against VOC B.1.617.2 is remarkable and may be attributed to a partial immune escape of the delta variant.
Incidence of Breast Cancer
Authors: Leslie E. Blumenson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The reported discovery rates of breast cancer among asymptomatic women between 35 and 75 years of age screened for the first time by mammography range from three to eight times the annual incidence of the disease in the US female population in this age category. It remains to be clarified whether all these cases reported by the 27 national breast cancer detection centers sponsored by the National Cancer Institute would, if they remained undetected, have gone on to become lifethreatening cases of clinical breast cancer. However, the fact remains that these cases are reported to the public health authorities and are incorporated in the local and national statistics for the incidence of breast cancer. These reported discovery rates imply that if, say in 1984, mammography is used to screen 25% of the female population at risk (almost 80% of the female population aged 35 to 64 years
Coroner Training Needs
Authors: Randy Hanzlick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To define geographically and numerically the need for coroner training programs. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey and literature review. <h3>Setting.</h3> —States in the United States that have coroners. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Which states have coroners; which states require coroners to be physicians or have mandated training requirements; and the number of coroners potentially requiring training on an annual basis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Twenty-nine states have coroners in some or all counties with coroner states being located throughout most of the United States except for New England and the MidAtlantic states. Four states (Louisiana, Kansas, North Dakota, and Ohio) require coroners to be physicians. Seven states (Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Montana, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming) have mandated training requirements. At any given time, there are approximately 2759 individuals serving as coroners. Nationwide, the annual number of newly elected or appointed coroners ranges from 159 to 1546. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —It is feasible to provide training to all newly elected or appointed coroners annually. The use of existing training programs, development of state-specific training programs, and the development of a standard national training curriculum may be useful strategies. Funding sources for coroner training need to be explored.
Long-term beta blockade: possible protection from myocardial infarction.
Authors: K M Fox, M P Chopra, R W Portal, C P Aber
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The clinical behaviour of 90 patients on beta-blocking drugs for established coronary heart disease who were admitted to a coronary care unit with prolonged ischaemic myocardial pain was compared with that of 90 similar patients not on this therapy. Transmural myocardial infarction was confirmed in 30 of the patients on beta-blockers and in 62 controls. A diagnosis of myocardial necrosis without infarction was made in 20 patients on beta-blockers and in 14 controls. Coronary insufficiency was diagnosed in 40 patients on beta-blockers and in 14 controls. The incidence of simus bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, and radiological pulmonary oedema was similar in the two groups. Established beta-blockade, therefore, has not been shown to prejudice the outcome of patients with coronary heart disease admitted to hospital with prolonged ischaemic myocardial pain. On the contrary, it may protect some patients from the development of a myocardial infarction.
EMERAUDE PERFUME DERMATITIS
Authors: Norman Tobias
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Perfume dermatitis is not common in this country when one considers that thousands of bottles of various types and grades of perfume are sold annually. It is possible that many cases are overlooked by the physician; others may be mild in character and detected by the patient herself. Unfortunately the literature contains very few reports of true perfume dermatitis.<sup>1</sup>These cases are fairly common in France. There are three types of dermatitis that may be caused by perfume. Dermatitis venenata can be produced by irritants in the perfume coming in contact with the skin at the first application without the intervention of hypersensitivity. This type simulates benzene or turpentine dermatitis (examples of universal cutaneous irritants) and is similar to a chemical burn. At first local, it may spread and become generalized, as a result of autosensitization, a phenomenon first described by Whitfield<sup>2</sup>in 1930. Other cases are due to hypersensitization
Introduction to the special issue on ATP sensitive potassium channels
Authors: C. G Nichols, G. J Gross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Introduction to the special issue on ATP sensitive potassium channels Get access Colin G Nichols, Colin G Nichols Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Garrett J Gross Garrett J Gross Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Page 726, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.726 Published: 01 June 1994