tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of puberty on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in young patients with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: T A Elhadd, F Khan, G Kirk, M McLaren, R W Newton, S A Greene, J J Belch
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of puberty on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in children and young people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 51 young patients with type 1 diabetes, including 12 prepubertal children, 16 adolescents, and 23 young adults who had no clinical diabetic angiopathy, studied; none had microalbuminuria. The three groups were matched for glycemic control, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures and cholesterol levels were not significantly different between the groups. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) to the skin of the dorsum of the right foot. Soluble E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasma thiol (PSH), red cell glutathione (GSH), and red cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in blood samples obtained in the early morning. RESULTS: Skin vascular responses to ACh were significantly reduced in the young adult group compared with the prepubertal group (P &amp;lt; 0.05, analysis of variance). The levels of soluble ICAM-1 and E-selectin were significantly higher in the adolescent group compared with the young adult group: 338 (267-415) and 89 (64-106) ng/ml (median [interquartile range]), respectively, versus 255 (222-284) and 58 (54-71) ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.01 and P &amp;lt; 0.005, Mann-Whitney U test). SOD levels were significantly higher in the prepubertal group at 250 (238-282) micro/ml, when compared with the adolescent, 217 (171-249) micro/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.04), and young adult, 217 (157-244) micro/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.02), groups. GSH tended to be lower in the adolescent group, 1,192 (1,047-1,367) micromol/l, when compared with the young adults, 1,286 (1,145-1,525) pmol/l, and levels of vWF tended to be higher in the adolescent group, but these failed to reach statistical significance (both P = 0.09). PSH was not different between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that puberty modulates endothelial function and antioxidant mechanisms in childhood diabetes, which may have implications for therapy and intervention.
Antibodies to ADP-ATP carrier--an autoantigen in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy--impair cardiac function.
Authors: K Schulze, B F Becker, R Schauer, H P Schultheiss
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane is identified as an autoantigen in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Sera of patients with these diseases contain autoantibodies to the ADP-ATP carrier capable of inhibiting nucleotide transport in vitro. Recently, an antibody-related infringement of energy metabolism was shown in intact perfused hearts isolated from guinea pigs immunized with the ADP-ATP carrier. A decreased cytosolic-mitochondrial difference of the phosphorylation potential of ATP was measured that originated from a reduction in mitochondrial-cytosolic nucleotide transport. Nonimmunized animals did not show these changes in energy metabolism, despite being in a comparable metabolic state and performing equal external heart work. To establish whether antibodies to the ADP-ATP carrier can also alter cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters of isolated hearts of guinea pigs that were preimmunized with the carrier protein were measured. Cardiac metabolism was stimulated by exposing the hearts to a high calcium concentration in conjunction with a maximum elevation of the afterload. Mean aortic pressure, stroke volume, stroke work, and external heart work were found to be lowered significantly (p less than 0.005). The external heart work of the immunized hearts reached only about 20% of the level performed by control hearts. Myocardial oxygen consumption was lowered 2.5-fold, whereas the extent of lactate production was found to be more than doubled. These results show a diminished cardiac performance of hearts from animals immunized with the ADP-ATP carrier. Our findings demonstrate that autoimmunity to the ADP-ATP carrier may contribute to the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy as a subsequent stage of myocarditis by causing an autoantibody-mediated reduction in cardiac function on the basis of an imbalance between energy delivery and demand.
Abstract 3707: Captopril inhibits colorectal cancer liver metastases following 70% partial hepatectomy in a mouse model
Authors: Shir Lin Koh, E. I. Ager, C. Malcontenti-Wilson, P L. Costa, V. Muralidharan, C. Christophi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril, has been shown to inhibit CRCLM. Partial hepatectomy (PH) for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) can stimulate tumour recurrence. Aim: This study investigated the effects of Captopril on liver regeneration (LR), as well as on CRCLM in the regenerating liver. Methods: Male CBA mice were used for 70% PH as well as 70% PH following CRCLM induction. Mice were randomly assigned to control or Captopril-treated groups. Liver and tumour samples were collected on days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, 16 and 21 post-surgery. The rate of LR was measured by liver-to-body weight (LBW) ratio. The percentage of liver metastases was quantified using quantitative stereology and immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify hepatocyte and tumour cell proliferation (anti-Ki67) and apoptosis (anti-caspase-3). Results: Captopril increased LBW (0.57 ± 0.02 Captopril, 0.49 ± 0.02 control, p = 0.027) compared to controls on day 2 following 70% PH. At day 6, Captopril had decreased LBW (0.5 ± 0.03, 0.73 ± 0.06, p = 0.006). However, by day 8, LBW was not different between the control and Captopril groups. At day 21, Captopril decreased the percentage of liver metastases compared to controls (24.4 ± 6.2%; 48.7 ± 4.7%, p = 0.008) in the regenerating liver. Tumour volume (388.3 ± 150.4; 1046.2 ± 200.2mm3, p = 0.02) and tumour nodule count per image field (68 ± 17.6; 181.1 ± 28.5, p = 0.005) were also decreased by Captopril. In contrary, Captopril did not significantly alter liver volume compared to controls (886.1 ± 65.2; 1044.1 ± 115.8, p = 0.254). Furthermore, LBW during LR in the presence of CRCLM at day 2 (0.53 ± 0.01; 0.51 ± 0.02, p = 0.449) and day 6 (0.71 ± 0.01; 0.73 ± 0.03, p = 0.51) were not different between Captopril and control groups. Conclusion: Captopril enhanced the early stage of LR following 70% PH. Captopril inhibits CRCLM in the regenerating liver without inhibiting LR. Understanding the mechanisms of actions of Captopril is required to improve CRCLM patient outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3707. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3707
IT Workforce Bill
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CD4+ Tregs and immune control
Authors: Zoltán Fehérvari, Shimon Sakaguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Recent years have seen Tregs become a popular subject of immunological research. Abundant experimental data have now confirmed that naturally occurring CD25+CD4+ Tregs in particular play a key role in the maintenance of self tolerance, with their dysfunction leading to severe or even fatal immunopathology. The sphere of influence of Tregs is now known to extend well beyond just the maintenance of immunological tolerance and to impinge on a host of clinically important areas from cancer to infectious diseases. The identification of specific molecular markers in both human and murine immune systems has enabled the unprecedented investigation of these cells and should prove key to ultimately unlocking their clinical potential.
Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole Treatment
Authors: Stephen E. Weinroth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole TreatmentStephen E. Weinroth, MD and Carmelita U. Tuazon, MDStephen E. Weinroth, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Carmelita U. Tuazon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Fluconazole, a relatively new triazole antifungal agent, is being used increasingly to treat fungal infections because it can be given orally and has a relatively safe toxicity profile. We report a case of a woman who developed alopecia while being treated for a prolonged period with moderate doses of fluconazole.An asymptomatic 75-year-old woman who had had chronic lymphocytic leukemia since 1988 underwent routine chest radiography before knee surgery, which showed a right lower lobe pulmonary infiltrate. A chest radiograph done 8 months earlier was normal. She was not taking any medications. Bronchoalveolar lavage yielded Cryptococcus neoformans. ...References1. Warnock JK. Psychotropic medication and drug-related alopecia. Psychosomatics. 1991; 32:149-52. Google Scholar2. Hilder RJ. Propranolol and alopecia. Cutis. 1979; 24:63-4. Google Scholar3. Orwin A. Hair loss following lithium therapy. Br J Dermatol. 1983; 108:503-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen E. Weinroth, MD; Carmelita U. Tuazon, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Administration of Azole Antifungal AgentsFluconazoleAzolesAdverse drug reactions of the new oral antifungal agents – terbinafine, fluconazole, and itraconazoleExtraneural Cryptococcosis: An Unusual PresentationAntifungal drugs 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 637KeywordsKneesLiver function testsMycosesNauseaPneumoniaSevere blood lossSurgeryThoraxToxicityTricyclic antidepressants ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reversal of Hypertriglyceridemia, Fatty Liver Disease, and Insulin Resistance by a Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Uncoupler
Authors: Rachel J. Perry, Taehan Kim, Xian-Man Zhang, Hui-Young Lee, Dominik Pesta, Violeta B. Popov, Dongyan Zhang, Yasmeen Rahimi, Michael J. Jurczak, Gary W. Cline, David A. Spiegel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Training of the Internist as a Primary Physician
Authors: RICHARD V. EBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The internist in the United States has traditionally served as a primary physician for his patients. The rapid and continuing decline in the number of general practitioners has made it imperative that this function be continued. Many training programs in internal medicine are based in hospitals devoted to the highly specialized care of seriously ill patients: consequently, there is a growing trend toward subspecialization and less interest in primary medical care. A remedy is suggested.
Antibiotics to Prevent Acute Otitis Media and to Treat Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Erdem I. Cantekin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Cantekin's letter makes a number of unsubstantiated assertions. First, he is concerned about the heterogeneity of treatment effect in studies of antibiotic prophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis media. The DerSimonian and Laird analytic method we used assumes a random distribution of observed treatment effects about the true mean. 1 Therefore, study heterogeneity is factored into the calculated estimate.  Cantekin argues that sulfisoxazole is more effective than other antibiotics for prophylaxis against recurrent acute otitis media, but is unsafe. As detailed in our article, the data do not support recommendations for a specific antibiotic. 2 Contrary to Cantekin's statements, there is no warning in the Physicians' Desk Reference about prophylactic use of sulfisoxazole as a single agent.  Concerning the OME studies, Cantekin makes several statements about study quality and observed treatment effect. One of us (R.L.W.) reviewed his article on this topic and is aware he bases these
TCT-555 Comparative incidence of optical coherence tomography features indicative of uncorrected stent deployment in patients with and without major adverse cardiac events in the OCT guided arm of the CLI-OPCI study
Authors: Laura Gatto, Alberto Chisari, Alessio La Manna, Francesco Burzotta, Luca Di Vito, Maria Teresa Mallus, Alberto Cremonesi, Alessandro Pappalardo, Mario Albertucci, Francesco Prati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Mac-2 antigen is a galactose-specific lectin that binds IgE.
Authors: B J Cherayil, S J Weiner, S Pillai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A cDNA encoding the Mac-2 antigen, a surface marker highly expressed by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, has been cloned by immunoscreening of a lambda gt11-P388D1 expression library. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA is identical to that of carbohydrate-binding protein 35, a galactose-specific lectin found in fibroblasts and highly homologous to a rat IgE-binding protein from basophilic leukemia cells. The in vitro synthesized Mac-2 protein displayed the expected carbohydrate- and IgE-binding properties. By pulse-chase analysis and subcellular fractionation studies, the Mac-2 protein was found in the cytosol but was also seen to accumulate in the extracellular medium. The latter finding was surprising in view of the fact that the cDNA did not encode a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. An alternatively spliced cDNA with the potential to encode a NH2 terminally extended Mac-2 protein with a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at its NH2 terminus was also found, but it is not clear whether it is the source of the extracellular Mac-2. Possible functions for the Mac-2 protein based on its lectin- and IgE-binding properties are discussed.
Cardiovascular and hormonal effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in congestive heart failure
Authors: Inder S. Anand, Jane Gurden, Gurpreet S. Wander, Peter O'Gara, Sian E. Harding, Roberto Ferrari, A. Cornacchiari, A. Panzali, Purshotam L. Wahi, Philip A. Poole-Wilson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Screening for gastrointestinal cancer: an epidemiological review.
Authors: J Weil, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1991)

The principle underlying screening is simple.Disease detected early will be treated better and the patient derive benefit.Since most people to whom screening tests are applied will never actually develop the disease for which the test is proposed, and those who would develop the disease are at the time free of symptoms, the test must meet certain basic criteria.'2These are essentially of simplicity, safety, acceptability, reproducibility, and validity.Complex pro- cedures are like to be impracticable because they are excessively time consuming, or costly, and those which have an element of risk will be unacceptable because, even if the disease in question were dangerous, it has to be borne in mind that most of the subjects would not have developed it.However simple and safe a pro- cedure may be, it must also be acceptable.Thus in the United Kingdom sigmoidoscopic screen- ing is less likely to be acceptable to the general public than in North America.Screening procedures for cervical cancer are less acceptable to the poor and less knowledgeable than to the well off, a point of considerable importance given the greater propensity of poorer women to develop cervical cancer.In addition, the test must be reproducible and valid: an examination which gives differing results at different times or when performed by different people is obviously defective.To obtain a useful conclusion it may need repeating several times and even then the weight attached to the conclusion is diminished.Occult blood tests are examples of procedures which give variable results, and which also have poor patient acceptability.
Depression, Diabetes, and Glycemic Control in Pima Indians
Authors: Puneet K. Singh, Helen C. Looker, Robert L. Hanson, Jonathan Krakoff, Peter H. Bennett, William C. Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Few studies have addressed the relationship of depression and diabetes in ethnic minority groups, especially Native Americans (1). We examined the relationship between depression and diabetes in a community-based sample of 541 Pima Indians aged ≥18 years (192 with and 349 without diabetes) examined from September 2002 through February 2003.

Depression was defined by five or more depressive symptoms lasting ≥2 weeks, as assessed with PRIME-MD (Mood Module in the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) (2). Diabetes was defined by a glucose tolerance test (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2-h plasma glucose …
ANOMALIES OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The homogeneous appearance of the normal fundus of the eye depends in part upon the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium, which acts as a turbid medium obscuring the structures behind it. Whenever these cells contain no pigment, or less than the usual amount, the choroidal vessels become visible, as in albinos and often in myopic eyes. In the present paper, however, I propose to consider not the absence of pigment, but the appearance due to its irregular distribution. Structural changes in the retinal epithelium have been demonstrated anatomically by Donders, H. Mueller, Leber, Goldzieher and Fuchs, and were attributed by them to the influence of globular hypertrophies (" Drusenbildung") of the vitreous lamella of the choroid. According to Rosa Kerschbaumer (v. Graefe's<i>Arch. f. Ophth.</i>, Vol. 38, I., p. 217) anomalies are found in the pigment epithelium in three-fourths of all eyes of persons over 50 years of age, but
ADEQUATE SCREENING CAN REDUCE RADIAL ACCESS FAILURE RATES IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Jean-Pierre Dery, Marie-Pier Bouchard, Ugo Dery, Melanie Roy, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Stephane Rinfret, Eric Larose, Gerald Barbeau, Jacques Rouleau, Louis Roy, Bernard Noel, can nguyen, Onil Gleeton, Guy Proulx, Jean-Rock Boudreault, Robert De La Rochelli&egrave;re, Sunil Rao, Olivier Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Myxoedema as a Cause of Death
Authors: H. S. le Marquand, W. Hausmann, E. H. Hemsted
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The 55 toxoplasmin-positive patients found in a popu- lation of 698 mental defectives have been scrutinized for evidence of toxoplasmosis.Most of the patients were children.The incidence of positive cases increased with advancing age.In two cases eye lesions suggestive of toxoplasmosis were found.Radiology and lumbar puncture showed no findings suggestive of toxoplasmosis.In no cases could the mental defect be definitely attributed to toxoplasmosis.In somne cases other definite causal factors were present-for example, epiloia, phenylketonuria, mongolism.It was concluded that in mental institutions or elsewhere a positive toxoplasmin reaction is acquired like a positive Schick reaction with increasing age, and is very infrequently associated with clinical toxoplasmosis; and that toxoplasmosis is not a common cause of mental defect.Our thanks are due to Dr. I.
Targeting lactate-fueled respiration selectively kills hypoxic tumor cells in mice
Authors: Pierre Sonveaux, Frédérique Végran, Thies Schroeder, Melanie C. Wergin, Julien Verrax, Zahid N. Rabbani, Christophe J. De Saedeleer, Kelly M. Kennedy, Caroline Diepart, Bénédicte F. Jordan, Michael J. Kelley, Bernard Gallez, Miriam L. Wahl, Olivier Feron, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Tumors contain oxygenated and hypoxic regions, so the tumor cell population is heterogeneous. Hypoxic tumor cells primarily use glucose for glycolytic energy production and release lactic acid, creating a lactate gradient that mirrors the oxygen gradient in the tumor. By contrast, oxygenated tumor cells have been thought to primarily use glucose for oxidative energy production. Although lactate is generally considered a waste product, we now show that it is a prominent substrate that fuels the oxidative metabolism of oxygenated tumor cells. There is therefore a symbiosis in which glycolytic and oxidative tumor cells mutually regulate their access to energy metabolites. We identified monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) as the prominent path for lactate uptake by a human cervix squamous carcinoma cell line that preferentially utilized lactate for oxidative metabolism. Inhibiting MCT1 with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) or siRNA in these cells induced a switch from lactate-fueled respiration to glycolysis. A similar switch from lactate-fueled respiration to glycolysis by oxygenated tumor cells in both a mouse model of lung carcinoma and xenotransplanted human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells was observed after administration of CHC. This retarded tumor growth, as the hypoxic/glycolytic tumor cells died from glucose starvation, and rendered the remaining cells sensitive to irradiation. As MCT1 was found to be expressed by an array of primary human tumors, we suggest that MCT1 inhibition has clinical antitumor potential.
Measurement of Pressure During Intravenous Therapy
Authors: Bernardo Hermosura
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  A simple technique for monitoring central venous pressure has been employed in patients at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Brecksville, Ohio, for the past two years. It consists of inserting a No. 16 gauge polyethylene tube percutaneously through a 14-gauge, short bevel needle and threading the tubing into the superior vena cava. This technique is considered better and more easily accomplished than previously described techniques of antecubital cut-down or subclavicular cannulization of the subclavian vein. Dissatisfaction with the latter techniques led to the utilization of the internal jugular vein as a route for monitoring central venous pressures and for administering intravenous therapy. 1,2   Technique:—  The patient is placed in the Trendelenburg position and sterile technique is employed. Working from a cephalad position, the physician infiltrates a local anesthetic (1% lidocaine) into an area approximately 3 cm lateral to the midsternal line and 2 to 3 cm above the