tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed hypersensitivity due to epidural block with ropivacaine
Authors: Masanori Ban, Masahito Hattori
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Managing chronic diseases Palliative care spectrum starts early onEditor-Palliative care does not start when a patient is dying. 1 A whole spectrum of palliation begins from the day of diagnosis of a potentially terminal disease, such as soft tissue sarcoma.Palliation, in the sense of needing to absorb what this means for the patient, becomes even then a medical imperative.The "How long have I got, Doc?" question may not be articulated, but it will be there and needs an empathetic response.Curative treatment is sought, but-with sarcoma-lung metastases signal the end of that phase and the beginning of palliative treatment.The doctor and the patient know the dragon can be disabled but never slain.Palliation is then partnership, working to decide what may be gained at what cost.(This may apply during curative treatment: to take chemotherapy drugs now "just in case," or to keep them for later?)Palliative treatment can be long (in sarcoma up to 20 years or more), or it can be brief.Its ending is not solely a medical judgment.Doctors may decide they can do no more, but active patients use online support groups, seeking new treatment options across the world.Patients may decide to end palliative treatment.Grown weary of painful chemotherapy offering diminishing returns, they may prefer a shorter but better life.Making that choice together is an aspect of palliation.When death is near, palliative care becomes terminal care.If throughout doctors and patients have aligned their understanding of the disease, and have taken decisions jointly, have explored the holistic meaning of disease in life and death, the palliative spectrum may offer healing if not cure.If, however, being palliative begins only when the patient is dying doctors cannot then meet patients, where they are most needed, in the ground of their being and their not being.
Quality of life assessment in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: E J Irvine
Journal: Gut (2004)

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is determined by both disease and non-disease related factors. Several studies have reported significant HRQoL impairment in GORD patients compared with the general population. Disease severity correlates strongly with HRQoL. Non-disease features, such as the presence of anxiety and comorbid conditions, also negatively impact on HRQoL. Combining a generic and disease specific instrument may avoid missing unexpected outcomes and ensure recognition of all clinically important changes. Full validation of assessment tools is critical. Long term, as well as short term, evaluation is important and is critical when undertaking comparative pharmacoeconomic evaluations.
A direct causative relationship exists between eosinophils and the development of allergen-mediated pulmonary pathologies, including airway mucus production and the development of AHR
Authors: Huahao J Shen, Joshua Paul Justice, Michael T Borchers, Jeffrey R Crosby, Edith Hines, Katie O'Neill, Tracy Ansay, Nancy A Lee, James J Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Review and hypothesis: the eosinophil and peripartum heart disease (myocarditis and coronary artery dissection)?coincidence or pathogenetic significance?
Authors: A BORCZUK, K VANHOEVEN, S FACTOR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: To examine a possible relationship between peripartum heart disease (myocarditis and spontaneous coronary dissection) and the presence of eosinophils. Background: Eosinophils have been shown to have potential collagenolytic and cytotoxic activity. Eosinophils may play a role in postpartum uterine involution. The presence of eosinophils in spontaneous coronary dissection and myocarditis in the postpartum period raises the possibility of a role for eosinophils in these diseases. Methods: We reviewed the files of one of us (S.M.F.) for cases of peripartum myocarditis and spontaneous coronary dissection and assessed the frequency of eosinophilic inflammation. Seventeen postpartum myocarditis and/or cardiomyopathy cases were found and two spontaneous coronary dissections. Fifteen sex- and age-matched controls on non-postpartum myocarditis and borderline myocarditis were evaluated and eosinophil counts per unit area compared. Also, a Medline search of all previously published cases of spontaneous coronary dissection was performed back to 1966. Results: Of the 16 heart biopsies and one autopsy in the peripartum period, 10 were shown to contain easily identified eosinophils (6 myocarditis, 1 borderline, 3 cardiomyopathy). When presence of eosinophils was compared with the control group, a statistically significant difference was obtained ( P = 0.036). The two new spontaneous coronary dissection cases had eosinophils along the dissection plane; the literature search produced 13 of 24 autopsied peripartum spontaneous coronary dissections with eosinophils for a total of 15 of 26 with our cases. Conclusions: An association exists between eosinophils and peripartum cardiac disease (myocarditis and spontaneous coronary dissection). The role of eosinophils in labor, uterine involution and collagenolysis and the possible relation to cardiac disease are discussed.
Death of Marat I: A Masterpiece
Authors: George P. Giacoia
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I feel compelled to write this letter in reaction to the letters to the editor of two JAMA readers 1,2 and to support Dr Southgate's choice of Death of Marat I for the cover of the June 10, 1992, issue of JAMA .  I have spent many hours at the Munch Museum in Bergen, Norway, and the National Gallery in Oslo, Norway, admiring and being fascinated by the work of Edvard Munch, the master of expressionism. The letters by Karp and Smith remind me of the reaction of outrage by Parisians, viewing for the first time the nude woman in Manet's Dejeuner sur l'Herbe .  Dr Southgate's work of educating and civilizing the medical community in matters of art seems far from over—not, at any rate, while there are readers who consider art nice or who label a masterpiece by Edvard Munch artsy smut.
REPORT OF A CASE OF ABDOMINAL UTERINE TUMOR.
Authors: EDWARD BORCK
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>History</i>.—Mrs. C. N., a farmer's wife from Kansas, was sent to me by her family physician in May, 1885; she was 41 years of age, five feet 6 inches high, natural weight 96 lbs., brown hair mixed with gray, blue eyes. Had always been in good health, quiet temperament, menstruation regular, of late years some leucorrhœa. A small tumor in pelvic cavity, of about two years' growth. <i>Diagnosis</i>. — Fibroid of the uterus. Ovaries not implicated. Refused to operate, advised the patient to go home and wait until her climacteric period had passed; if by that time the tumor had not increased very much, and she would be well otherwise, then the tumor would very likely cease growing, or even atrophy, after she had passed the critical period, and need no interference. If, however, the tumor should become larger, to return, and we would see what would be best to
Splenic immunity and atherosclerosis: a glimpse into a novel paradigm?
Authors: Joseph L. Witztum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that involves a complex interaction of the artery wall and its cellular elements, lipoproteins, and circulating blood elements. Although hypercholesterolemia is a prerequisite for the initiation of atherogenesis, once initiated, the atherosclerotic lesion takes on many of the characteristics of a chronic inflammatory process (1, 2). In particular, there is now strong and growing evidence in hypercholesterolemic animal models that the immune system is specifically activated by atherosclerosis-associated antigens and that both innate and adaptive immunity can significantly modulate subsequent lesion development.
Axial heterogeneity of bicarbonate, chloride, and water transport in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. Effects of change in luminal flow rate and of alkalemia.
Authors: F Y Liu, M G Cogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

These studies examined regulation of superficial proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) transport as a function of length. When single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) increased from 28.7 +/- 0.7 nl/min in hydropenia to 41.5 +/- 0.4 nl/min in euvolemia, bicarbonate, chloride, and water reabsorption in the early (1st mm) PCT increased proportionally: from 354 +/- 21 peq/mm X min, 206 +/- 55 peq/mm X min, and 5.9 +/- 0.4 nl/mm X min to 520 +/- 12 peq/mm X min, 585 +/- 21 peq/mm X min, and 10.1 +/- 0.4 nl/mm X min, respectively. These high transport rates did not increase further, however, when SNGFR went to 51.2 +/- 0.7 or 50.7 +/- 0.6 nl/min after atrial natriuretic factor or glucagon administration. Anion and water transport rates in the late PCT were lower and exhibited less flow dependence. During chronic metabolic alkalosis, acidification was inhibited in the late but not early PCT. In conclusion, the early PCT is distinguished from the late PCT by having high-capacity, flow-responsive but saturable, anion- and water-reabsorptive processes relatively unaffected by alkalemia.
Two doctors are referred to the GMC for taking industrial action
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The General Medical Council has confirmed that it has received complaints about two doctors who took part in industrial action over pensions on 21 June,1 although no further information is available about who the doctors are, the allegations against them, or whether action will be taken.

Doctors voted to take industrial action for the first time in 40 years after they were balloted by the BMA.2 They agreed to provide urgent and emergency care only …
8-Epi-PGF2 alpha, a novel noncyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin, constricts airways in vitro.
Authors: I Kawikova, P J Barnes, T Takahashi, S Tadjkarimi, M H Yacoub, M G Belvisi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

8-Epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2 alpha) is an F2-isoprostane formed via a noncyclooxygenase pathway. We investigated whether 8-epi-PGF2 alpha has any effects on isolated guinea-pig and human airway smooth-muscle tone, and characterized the receptor involved in these effects. Cumulative concentration responses to 8-epi-PGF2 alpha in the absence or presence of prostanoid TP- and EP1-receptors antagonists (ICI 192, 605 and AH 6809, respectively) were compared with the responses to U46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic) and PGF2 alpha. 8-epi-PGF2 alpha contracted airway smooth muscle with a rank order of potency of U46619 > PGF alpha > 8-epi-PGF2 alpha for guinea pig and U46619 > 8-epi-PGF2 alpha > PGF2 alpha for human smooth muscle. ICI 192,605 inhibited guinea-pig tracheal contraction produced by U46619 (pA2 = 10.0) with a similar potency to its inhibition of the contraction induced by 8-epi-PGF2 alpha (apparent pKB = 10.2, 10.3), but not that induced by PGF2 alpha (apparent pKB = 6.6). AH 6809 inhibited contraction induced by PGF2 alpha (pA2 = 6.6) with a greater potency than contraction induced by U46619 (apparent pKB = 5.1, 5.2) or 8-epi-PGF2 alpha (apparent pKB = 5.3). In human airways, ICI 192,605 inhibited contraction induced by U46619 and 8-epi-PGF2 alpha with apparent pKB values of 9.5 and 9.4, respectively, and AH 6809 inhibited contraction induced by 8-epi-PGF2 alpha with apparent pKB values of 5.7 and 5.4. We conclude that 8-epi-PGF2 alpha contracts human and guinea-pig airways via prostanoid TP receptors. However, if 8-epi-PGF2 alpha is formed in asthma, its production, unlike that of other prostanoids, would not be inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
Simulation of Ectopic Ventricular Rhythms by Aberrant Conduction
Authors: Henry J. L. Marriott
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The electrocardiogram is indispensable for unravelling complex arrhythmias. Yet the tracing can lead the uninformed astray in the presence of the simplest disturbances of rhythm. Aberrant ventricular conduction is a common occurrence and it is the basis for much arrhythmic confusion. What looks ventricular in origin is not necessarily so; and although the philosophy "Why diagnose when you can convert?" is spreading in this age of electric miracles, more thoughtful therapists still know that there are practical as well as intellectual advantages in knowing what tachyrhythm confronts them. When a descending impulse reaches the ventricular conducting system and finds part of it blocked or refractory, the impulse is forced to travel by a devious route and writes an anomalous QRS complex. If this state of affairs is more or less permanent and the QRS-T pattern is characteristic, we call the disturbance "bundle-branch block." If, however, the alteration in the QRS
The coroner service
Authors: D. Pounder
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A Home Office research study on the coroner service in England and Wales1 puts the spotlight on some important public policy issues, most of which need to be reviewed in light of the forthcoming Human Rights Act. Every coroner's investigation is an enforceable intrusion by the state into what would otherwise be a private family matter—the death of a loved one. Striking the correct balance between the reasonable needs of the state to investigate and the rights of the next of kin to privacy and religious ritual is not easy, and present evidence suggests that it is not done well in England and Wales.

A new factor in the equation will be the Human Rights Act, which gives domestic effect to those rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights. This will need to come into effect in Scotland before the Scottish Parliament in 1999 and is expected to come into effect in England and Wales after the …
TCT-824 Improved Safety And Efficacy Of A Novel Dual cRGD- And Everolimus-coated Coronary Stent Compared To Everolimus-eluting Stents In The Porcine Model
Authors: Felix Vogt, Rüdiger Blindt, Rainer Hoffmann, Nicole Krott, Nikolaus Marx
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Identification of a novel dimeric phosphoprotein (PP29/30) associated with signaling receptors in human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
Authors: B Schraven, S Ratnofsky, Y Gaumont, H Lindegger, H Kirchgessner, E Bruyns, U Moebius, S C Meuer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of in vitro phosphorylated proteins coprecipitated by CD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from Brij58 lysates of resting human T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells resulted in the identification of a novel 29/30-kD disulfide-linked dimer (pp29/30). Comparative two-dimensional analysis of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD8 immunoprecipitates revealed that pp29/30 associates with these signaling receptor complexes but not with CD18, CD27, and CD29 in human T lymphocytes. Analysis of CD2 immunoprecipitates prepared from T cell antigen receptor/CD3-modulated T lymphocytes indicated that pp29/30 preferentially associates and comodulates with the human T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Since tyrosine phosphorylated pp29/30 selectively interacts with the Src homology type 2 domains (SHZ) of the protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn but not ZAP70 the present data suggest that pp29/30 represents a novel signaling receptor associated phosphoprotein likely involved in the activation of human T lymphocytes and NK cells.
Collagen expression in mechanically stimulated cardiac fibroblasts.
Authors: W Carver, M L Nagpal, M Nachtigal, T K Borg, L Terracio
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The cardiac extracellular matrix, composed predominantly of collagenous fibers, forms a stress-tolerant network that facilitates the distribution of forces generated in the heart and provides for proper alignment of cardiac myocytes. Although considerable information exists regarding the morphological organization of the heart extracellular matrix, little is known about the regulation of the synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix components. A potentially significant factor in the cardiovascular system is mechanical stimulation including changes in physical tension and pressure. We recently have developed an in vitro model system to elucidate the effects of mechanical stretch on isolated populations of heart cells. In the present study, we have used biochemical and molecular biological techniques to analyze changes in collagen synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts in response to mechanical stretch. These studies show that the ratio of collagen type III to collagen type I increases in mechanically stretched cells. They also show that type III collagen mRNA levels are increased in response to cyclic mechanical stretch for durations as short as 12 hours. Type I collagen mRNA levels were not found to change under the stretch conditions used in this study. Our results emphasize the potential regulatory role of mechanical stimulation in the expression of specific genes in the heart and support previous studies indicating this to be an intriguing in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy.
Talilmogene Iaherparepvec generates systemic T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Julia Piasecki, Le Tiep, Jean Zhou, Courtney Beers
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Talimogene laherparepvec is an investigational oncolytic immunotherapy based on a modified herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) that is designed to selectively replicate in tumor tissue and to stimulate a systemic antitumor immune response. Intralesional administration of
Endothelial cells instigate sepsis
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

During severe bacterial infections, the transcription factor NF-κB is both an asset and a liability. On page 1303, Ye et al. show that its activation in endothelial cells single-handedly perpetuates the inflammation that drives septic shock.

NF-κB is required in endothelial cells for new blood vessels to grow. And in immune cells, its activation is essential for defense against bacteria and other infectious agents. Blocking NF-κB in mice, for example, turns a normally manageable infection deadly. But more selectively inactivating the protein has proven beneficial in other systems, including certain cancer models.

Following this lead, Ye et al. disabled NF-κB activation only in endothelial cells. The resulting mice survived a normally lethal bacterial infection and avoided septic shock. Being free of active NF-κB allowed the endothelial cells lining blood vessels to maintain their cell–cell junctions and minimize their stickiness, thus limiting the fluid leakage and massive immune cell infiltration into tissues that triggers shock.

Thus, NF-κB–driven activation of endothelial cells, not immune cells, seems to be the driving force behind the escalating inflammation that causes sepsis.
Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma differentiates toward the infundibulum, sebaceous duct and sebaceous cells: immunohistochemical study of keratins and filaggrin
Authors: Y. Senba, I. Kurokawa, H. Kitagawa, Y. Omoto, K. Yamanaka, K. Isoda, A. Tsubura, H. Mizutani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma differentiates toward the infundibulum, sebaceous duct and sebaceous cells: immunohistochemical study of keratins and filaggrin Get access Y. Senba, Y. Senba Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Kurokawa, I. Kurokawa Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Correspondence: Ichiro Kurokawa. E‐mail: kuroichi@clin.medic.mie‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kitagawa, H. Kitagawa Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Omoto, Y. Omoto Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Yamanaka, K. Yamanaka Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Isoda, K. Isoda Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Tsubura, A. Tsubura Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Mizutani H. Mizutani Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 2, 1 February 2009, Pages 454–456, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08964.x Published: 01 February 2009
Inner ear supporting cells protect hair cells by secreting HSP70
Authors: Lindsey A. May, Inga I. Kramarenko, Carlene S. Brandon, Christina Voelkel-Johnson, Soumen Roy, Kristy Truong, Shimon P. Francis, Elyssa L. Monzack, Fu-Shing Lee, Lisa L. Cunningham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Mechanosensory hair cells are the receptor cells of hearing and balance. Hair cells are sensitive to death from exposure to therapeutic drugs with ototoxic side effects, including aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin. We recently showed that the induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inhibits ototoxic drug–induced hair cell death. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of HSP70. In response to heat shock, HSP70 was induced in glia-like supporting cells but not in hair cells. Adenovirus-mediated infection of supporting cells with Hsp70 inhibited hair cell death. Coculture with heat-shocked utricles protected nonheat-shocked utricles against hair cell death. When heat-shocked utricles from Hsp70–/– mice were used in cocultures, protection was abolished in both the heat-shocked utricles and the nonheat-shocked utricles. HSP70 was detected by ELISA in the media surrounding heat-shocked utricles, and depletion of HSP70 from the media abolished the protective effect of heat shock, suggesting that HSP70 is secreted by supporting cells. Together our data indicate that supporting cells mediate the protective effect of HSP70 against hair cell death, and they suggest a major role for supporting cells in determining the fate of hair cells exposed to stress.
Outbreak of Infectious Syphilis in South Carolina
Authors: R. W. Ball
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In a textile manufacturing city with a population of 10,435 and with 11 private physicians, the importance of cooperation between private medicine and public health was effectively demonstrated in the control of an epidemic of 45 cases of early syphilis. The chain of infection involved 365 white persons in five counties and eight states. Of the total cases, 26 were reported by 15 different physicians in the town and environs. All physicians reporting requested patient interview and epidemiologic follow-up. A team of workers dispatched to the area instituted all techniques of rapid epidemiology, finding cases in the early infectious stages. Coincidentally an intensive educational program was launched in the city and vicinity. In five months the epidemic was brought under control, and in the ensuing seven months only four new cases developed in the area.
Allogeneic disparities in immunoglobulin-like transcript 5 induce potent antibody responses in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Katharina Pfistershammer, Anita Lawitschka, Christoph Klauser, Judith Leitner, Roman Weigl, Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk, Winfried F. Pickl, Otto Majdic, Georg A. Böhmig, Gottfried F. Fischer, Hildegard T. Greinix, Peter Steinberger
Journal: Blood (2009)