tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ill-Advised: Presidential Health and Public Trust
Authors: Oglesby Paul
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This volume presents a discussion of "the willingness of presidents of the United States or their physicians, and sometimes presidents with their physicians, to cover up their illnesses." This is an important subject, one that has been addressed in various ways by others, and the author's conception is appropriate and reasonable. That the execution is not up to the conception is unfortunate. There is little question that certain of our presidents have had serious illnesses that have not been revealed to the public. Also, some have been under the care of physicians whose professional services appear decidedly inferior. However, in judging today the performance of presidential physicians of many years ago, one must remember that they were using a standard of care now regarded as frightful but then considered appropriate. Thus, the author appears unreasonable in stating that when President Harrison was treated for pneumonia in 1841, the doctors "did
Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes nuclear factor κB in hepatic inflammatory response
Authors: Yan-Dong Wang, Wei-Dong Chen, Meihua Wang, Donna Yu, Barry M. Forman, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays key roles in hepatoprotection by maintaining the homeostasis of liver metabolism. FXR null mice display strong hepatic inflammation and develop spontaneous liver tumors. In this report, we demonstrate that FXR is a negative modulator of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated hepatic inflammation. Activation of FXR by its agonist ligands inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF-kappaB activation in both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro. In vivo, compared with wild-type controls, FXR(-/-) mice displayed elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interferon-inducible protein 10, and interferon-gamma in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Examination of FXR(-/-) livers showed massive necroses and inflammation after treatment with LPS at a dose that does not induce significant liver damage or inflammation in wild-type mice. Moreover, transfection of a constitutively active FXR expression construct repressed the iNOS, COX-2, interferon-inducible protein 10 and interferon-gamma mRNA levels induced by LPS administration. FXR activation had no negative effects on NF-kappaB-activated antiapoptotic genes, suggesting that FXR selectively inhibits the NF-kappaB-mediated hepatic inflammatory response but maintains or even enhances the cell survival response. On the other hand, NF-kappaB activation suppressed FXR-mediated gene expression both in vitro and in vivo, indicating a negative crosstalk between the FXR and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Our findings reveal that FXR is a negative mediator of hepatic inflammation, which may contribute to the critical roles of FXR in hepatoprotection and suppression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Detection of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa of normal semen donors by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Authors: J Lähdetie, M Ajosenpää-Saari, J Mykkänen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We have studied human spermatozoa from 24 normal, healthy unexposed men, 18 of whom were semen donors at the Sperm Bank in Turku, using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with two chromosome-specific probes. The possible age-related increase in aneuploidy frequencies was assessed. Ten thousand spermatozoa were scored per individual for the presence of hyperploid, i.e., disomic and diploid, cells. The overall hybridization efficiency was 98.8%. The frequency of spermatozoa with two chromosome 1 signals was 11.5 +/- 5.2/10,000. The frequency of spermatozoa with two chromosome 7 signals was 6.4 +/- 3.9/10,000. Diploidy was present in 15.0 +/- 8.9/10,000 spermatozoa. Interindividual variation was quite large. No statistically significant correlation between age of the donors (range = 20-46 years) and the frequency of hyperploid spermatozoa was observed. The results give background information on the incidence of hyperploid spermatozoa in unexposed men and encourage the use of this novel technique of future studies on genetic effects in men exposed to potentially aneuploidogenic agents.
Railroad Rates and the Denver Meeting.
Authors: J. F. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Tecumseh, Mich., Dec. 28, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me to correct some of the erroneous impressions which my article of December 11 appears to have made upon the mind of your correspondent of Sioux Falls, S. D., and which find their way into the Journal of Dec. 25, 1897. In the first place the members of theAmerican Medical Associationare not mendicants, and therefore do not solicit free passes to the Denver meeting, nor to any other meeting; neither can the writer ascertain that the members of this Association ever had free passes to any of their meetings, at least within the last quarter of a century. Secondly, the members of the Association simply require of the railroads that they give the members a similar rebate which the roads have already conferred upon members of conventions previously mentioned by the writer, and nothing more. This plan, if adopted
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis presenting as ampullary adenocarcinoma
Authors: J D Trimbath, C Griffin, K Romans, F M Giardiello
Journal: Gut (2003)

The risk of periampullary cancer in patients with classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is significantly increased compared with the general population. However, the incidence of this extracolonic manifestation in attenuated FAP (AFAP) is unknown. We report the case of a 38 year old woman with no known family history of polyposis or colorectal cancer, who presented with ampullary adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis of AFAP was made only after evaluation of the patient's extended family history and genetic testing. This case report suggests that AFAP should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with ampullary/duodenal tumours.
Current thresholds and liminal size in excitation of heart muscle
Authors: F. W. LINDEMANS, J. J. DENIER VAN DER GON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

End-diastolic current thresholds have been measured in 12 open-chested dogs with epicardial disc electrodes ranging in radius from 0.01 to 9.0 mm. The current threshold for cathodal 1 ms impulses proved to be independent of electrode size for radii smaller than 0.2 mm and proportional to the radius to the power 1.5 for radii greater than 0.4 mm. This relationship can be explained on the assumption that excitation occurs if the current passing through a 'liminal area' with dimensions of about 0.3 mm exceeds a critical value. This result is in agreement with the liminal length concept used to describe excitation of cardiac Purkinje fibres. The existance of a liminal area or liminal length for excitation implies that there will be a limit to increasing stimulation efficiency by applying smaller stimulation electrodes.
TWO-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER INPATIENT REVASCULARIZATION VERSUS NON-REVASCULARIZATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS (&gt;75 YEARS OLD) WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Ariane Neyou, Eva Kline-Rogers, Daniel G. Montgomery, Alex Cheng, I.K. Olomu, Elizabeth A. Jackson, James B. Froehlich, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Evidence for spontaneous immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Ansgar Wilhelm Lohse, Matthias Kögel, Karl-Hermann Mermer Zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) runs a variable clinical course. Slow disease progression or even spontaneous remissions can be observed and suggest that the autoimmune process can, at least to a certain extent, be controlled by regulatory elements of the patient's own immune system. In experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) spontaneous recovery is regularly observed and associated with antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific suppression. The aim of the current study was to search for similar immunoregulatory phenomena in patients with AIH. We examined T-cell reactivity to soluble human liver antigens in 11 patients with active autoimmune hepatitis and 30 patients with other liver diseases (chronic viral hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, fatty liver). T-cell reactivity to liver antigens was almost exclusively confined to the AIH patients. In 9 of these 11 patients we were able to compare the T-cell response in active untreated disease, directly after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and in remission, at which point T-cell reactivity was found to be markedly reduced. Addition of irradiated peripheral blood cells from the active disease phase or the remission phase to the responding cells taken before treatment showed that in eight of the nine patients there was marked suppression of the liver-specific T-cell response by cells from the remission phase. Study of the in vivo immune responsiveness by giving a tetanus toxoid booster immunization to nine patients with active untreated AIH as well as healthy controls and patients with other liver diseases showed that none of the patients with AIH showed a response to the tetanus immunization, whereas almost all the other patients showed marked responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lorne Basskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 January 1997Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Knee ArthroplastyLorne Basskin, PharmDLorne Basskin, PharmDButler University, Indianapolis, IN 46260Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a randomized, double-blind trial, Leclerc and colleagues [1] concluded that postoperative, fixed-dose exoxaparin is more effective than adjusted-dose warfarin in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after knee arthroplasty. However, I do not believe that their conclusions and recommendations are justified.As a reference value, Leclerc and colleagues cited incidences of deep venous thrombosis without prophylaxis ranging from 55% to 70%. However, it is my understanding that these values relate to earlier years, in which the standard of care did not include early ambulation of the patient. Is it not possible that the incidence today, without ...REFERENCE1. Leclerc JR, Geerts WH, Desjardins L, Laflamme GH, l'Esperance B, Demers C, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:619-26. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46260 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLow-Dose Warfarin for Prevention of Symptomatic Thromboembolism after Orthopedic Surgery 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 172-173KeywordsArthroplastyDeep vein thrombosisDrugsHeparinInternational normalized ratioKneesProphylaxisPulmonary embolismSurgeryWalking Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Upconversion Nanoparticles Conjugated with Gd<sup>3+</sup>‐DOTA and RGD for Targeted Dual‐Modality Imaging of Brain Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Jiefu Jin, Zhenhua Xu, Yue Zhang, Yan‐Juan Gu, Michael Hon‐Wah Lam, Wing‐Tak Wong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumors in human. Small molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are used for GBM diagnosis. However, conventional contrast agents have several limitations, such as low T 1 relaxivity, short circulation half lives and absence of tumor targeting. Herein, we develop an upconversion nanoprobe labeled with Gd 3+ ‐DOTA and RGD (UCNP‐Gd‐RGD) for dual‐modality imaging of glioblastoma. The preparation of UCNP‐Gd‐RGD starts with amine‐functional upconversion nanoparticle core, followed by PEGylation, Gd 3+ DOTA conjugation and RGD labeling. The obtained UCNP‐Gd‐RGD has improved colloidal stability and reduced cytotoxicity compared with the UCNP core counterpart. Meanwhile, UCNP‐Gd‐RGD shows strong upconversion luminescence in deep‐red region and three times enhancement of T 1 relaxivity over Gd 3+ DOTA. Due to the recognition between UCNP‐Gd‐RGD and integrin α v β 3 receptors, the nanoprobe specifically binds to U87MG cells, as evidenced by confocal microscopy and quantified by ICP‐MS. Furthermore, UCNP‐Gd‐RGD demonstrates a preferential retention in subcutaneous U87MG tumor xenograft as shown in both in vivo upconversion fluorescence/MR imaging studies and ex vivo analysis. UCNP‐Gd‐RGD, conjugated with numerous RGD peptide and T 1 contrast enhancing molecules, is promising for MR imaging of glioblastoma and delineating the tumor boundary before surgery. In addition, NIR‐to‐red upconversion characteristic of UCNP‐Gd‐RGD facilitates its potential intra‐operative use for fluorescence‐guided tumor resection.
Integrin α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>1</sub> Regulates Migration across Basement Membranes by Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Eric S. White, Victor J. Thannickal, Shannon L. Carskadon, Emily G. Dickie, Donna L. Livant, Sonja Markwart, Galen B. Toews, Douglas A. Arenberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that is characterized by fibroblast accumulation and activation in the distal airspaces of the lung. We hypothesized that fibrotic lung fibroblasts migrate/invade across basement membranes by integrin-mediated mechanisms as a means of entering alveoli. We demonstrate that in lung fibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, fibronectin signaling is both necessary and sufficient for basement membrane migration/invasion across basement membranes. This effect is mediated through the alpha5beta1 integrin because blockade of fibronectin-alpha5 integrin ligation attenuated this response. In contrast, ligation of alpha4beta1 integrin inhibits basement membrane invasion by normal lung fibroblasts but not by fibrotic lung fibroblasts. This phenotypic difference is not related to surface expression of the alpha4beta1 integrin, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. In normal lung fibroblasts but not in fibrotic lung fibroblasts, we show that ligation of alpha4beta1 integrin induces a significant increase in phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) activity. Fibrotic lung fibroblasts express constitutively less PTEN mRNA and protein as well as phosphatase activity in comparison to normal lung fibroblasts. Together, these data suggest that a loss of alpha4beta1 signaling via PTEN confers a migratory/invasive phenotype to fibrotic lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, this study implicates a loss of PTEN function in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
ANATOMIC TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK.
Authors: C. E. RUTH
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Six per cent, of all fractures being through the neck of the femur, giving as a result nonunion in the majority of cases with useless limbs, renders the subject of enough importance to justify its consideration in the light of all the latest attainable information. There is nothing to be gained by attempts to differentiate between intra-extra-capsular and mixed varieties, for when not impacted their management to be successful can differ in no essential particular. Diagnosis is rarely attended with difficulty, the assemblage of symptoms being characteristic. This is. however, not true in the penetration or impaction cases when immediate diagnosis may be impossible or methods to obtain it unjustifiable. In such cases the diagnosis will usually be cleared in a few days by loosening of the fragments or the impaction remains permanent and insures a good result barring complications in themselves serious. Our leading surgical authorities inform us that
Dobutamine Stress Testing as a Diagnostic Tool for Evaluation of Myocardial Contractile Reserve in Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Masakazu Kobayashi, Hideo Izawa, Xian Wu Cheng, Hiroyuki Asano, Akihiro Hirashiki, Kazumasa Unno, Satoru Ohshima, Takashi Yamada, Yosuke Murase, Tomoko S. Kato, Koji Obata, Akiko Noda, Takao Nishizawa, Satoshi Isobe, Kohzo Nagata, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Toyoaki Murohara, Mitsuhiro Yokota
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Dehydration in Older Adults
Authors: R. Matz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Council Report<sup>1</sup>on dehydration warrants several practical caveats. While touching briefly on the influence of serum urea nitrogen, glucose, alcohol, and hyperlipidemia on measured serum osmolality, it fails to indicate, in practice, how these may complicate the formula given for free water deficit (FWD). Since measured serum osmolality is increased by the presence of the osmotically active agents urea and alcohol, which are relatively freely diffusible across cell membranes, this measurement is of little value in assessing FWD when these are present. The information one is seeking is captured, conceptually, in the term "effective osmolality" (Eosm), which we<sup>2</sup>have arbitrarily calculated as follows: (For values in Système International (SI) units, given as mmol/L, simply eliminate the conversion factor of 18 for serum glucose. The conversion factor for sodium and potassium is 1.) Normal Eosm is 290±5 mOsm/L. The average value of Eosm of 290
PROBABILISTIC QUANTITATION OF THALLIUM MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION STUDIES
Authors: Michael L. Goris, Johan Vanhaecke, Jean-Louis Barat, Joseph Hung, Larry-Stuart Deutsch
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Goris, Michael L.; Vanhaecke, Johan; Barat, Jean-Louis; Hung, Joseph; Deutsch, Larry-Stuart Author Information
The Changing Spectrum of Group B Streptococcal Disease
Authors: Michael R. Wessels, Dennis L. Kasper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Early in this century, Rebecca Lancefield discovered that β-hemolytic streptococci could be classified into serogroups according to the immunoprecipitation of bacterial extracts with specific antiserum. With the development of the Lancefield system, other β-hemolytic streptococci were distinguished from group A streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, the agent of streptococcal pharyngitis, impetigo, and the poststreptococcal syndromes of acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. The recognition of group B streptococci, or S. agalactiae, as an important cause of human disease has grown since 1938, when Fry reported three cases of puerperal sepsis due to these organisms1. In the mid-1970s, hospital-based surveys suggested that . . .
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D are involved in lymphangiogenesis in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Ae S. Lee, Jung E. Lee, Yu J. Jung, Duk H. Kim, Kyung P. Kang, Sik Lee, Sung K. Park, Sang Y. Lee, Myung J. Kang, Woo S. Moon, Hyung J. Kim, Young B. Jeong, Mi J. Sung, Won Kim
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Diuretics and β-Blockers for Hypertension: Seeking Respect
Authors: Anne L. Hume
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Psaty et al<sup>1</sup>raises several important issues. After adjusting for diabetes, coronary artery disease, urinary incontinence, and congestive heart failure, they found that newly diagnosed hypertensive patients were more likely to receive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers than older drugs. While certainly not unexpected, the findings have significant cost implications both for the individual older person with hypertension, as well as for the health care system, which spent an estimated $3.3 billion just on antihypertensive drugs in 1993.<sup>2</sup>More important, if the newer drugs are unaffordable to many older persons, will the recent gains in the percentage of persons with controlled hypertension be lost? The authors have indicated that the prescribing of diuretics in older populations should have increased after June 1991 based on the accumulating evidence from three studies,<sup>3-5</sup>two of which were in British journals.
Liver biopsy and prognosis in acute liver failure
Authors: J. Scotto, P. Opolon, J. Eteve, D. Vergoz, M. Thomas, J. Caroli
Journal: Gut (1973)

Liver biopsy was performed in 38 patients with fulminant hepatitis and coma and repeated in 22. Stereological estimation of hepatocyte volume was correlated with levels of clotting factors. Early liver biopsy allowed prognosis in 55% of the cases. All patients with a hepatocyte volume of <35% and thromboplastin time </=10% died; all patients but two with hepatocyte volume >/=35% and thromboplastin time >10% recovered consciousness (n = 9) or at least showed evidence of marked liver regeneration (n = 2). On serial liver biopsy a significant increase in hepatocyte volume and clotting factors was only observed in patients who recovered consciousness. The estimated liver cell mass after regeneration in patients who recovered consciousness was >/=45% and <45% in the patients who did not.
Accelerated liver fibrosis in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Involvement of natural killer T cells
Authors: Zixue Jin, Rui Sun, Haiming Wei, Xiang Gao, Yongyan Chen, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The immunopathogenic process from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to liver fibrosis is incompletely understood because it lacks an animal model. In this study we observed the development of liver fibrosis in HBV transgenic (HBV-tg) mice and found the roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells in HBV-related liver fibrosis. We found liver fibrosis spontaneously developed in HBV-tg mice with the elevated transcription of col1a1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1. Mice were then injected with repetitive hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce prominent liver fibrosis. After chronic CCl4 treatment, the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher, the liver regenerative nodules became more and bigger, and the fibrosis area was remarkably increased in HBV-tg mice than in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the increase in col1a1 and MMP2 transcription was greater, with a sustaining high level of TIMP1 and a greater activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the livers of CCl4-treated HBV-tg mice. Our data also showed that there were more liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) in HBV-tg mice after CCl4 injection, and Rag1−/− mice adoptive transferred lymphocytes from HBV-tg mice displayed increased collagen deposition. Further study demonstrated the number of liver NKT cells increased after CCl4 treatment and NKT cells were overactivated in HBV-tg mice in the long term. It was further confirmed that NKT cells were critical for HSCs activation by depletion of NKT cells of HBV-tg mice and adoptive transfer of purified NKT cells from HBV-tg mice into recipient Rag1−/− mice. The inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 produced by NKT cells played a pivotal role in HSCs activation in an in vitro coculture experiment. Conclusion: These data suggest that NKT cells from HBV-tg mice induce the HSC activation in liver fibrogenesis. (Hepatology 2011;.)
(62) Atypical dermal melanocytic naevus
Authors: M.E. Kesseler, D. Slater
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (62) Atypical dermal melanocytic naevus Get access M.E. Kesseler, Drs, M.E. Kesseler, Drs Rotherham District General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Slater D. Slater Rotherham District General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Page 103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07757.x Published: 01 July 1986