tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malignant Bile-Duct Obstruction: Experience with Self-Expanding Metal Endoprostheses (Wallstents) in Austria
Authors: R. Schöfl, E. Brownstone, W. Reichel, W. Fortunat, F. Doblhofer, H. J. Samec, G. Brandstätter, T. Stupnicki, H. Pamperl, P. Schreiber, A. Gangl
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Fifty-two patients in nine Austrian hospitals were treated with biliary self-expanding metal endoprostheses (Wallstents) for malignant biliary obstruction, and followed up retrospectively using questionnaires, answered by the endoscopists. Stent placement was successful in all patients. The technical failure rate at the first attempt was 7.7 %, and stenting-associated mortality was 3.8 % due to mispositioning of stents, leading in two cases to death. The 30-day mortality was 13.5 %, and early complications occurred in 15.4 %. The median survival was 216 days, and the median stent patency was 291 days. During follow-up, stent occlusion was observed in ten patients, acute cholangitis in 12 patients, acute pancreatitis in three patients, acute cholecystitis in one patient, and duodenal ulceration due to stent erosion in one patient. Routine use of biliary self-expanding metal endoprostheses by averagely experienced endoscopists can be recommended. Attention has to be paid to the correct placement of the guidewire and stent.
Can England's NHS Survive?
Authors: Nicholas Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Nicholas Black on the current crisis in England's National Health Service and ways it could be resolved. (22:18)Download Public-sector financial austerity, administrative reorganization, and an inquiry into shortcomings at one hospital have created a crisis in England's National Health Service. Can it be resolved without altering the fundamental principles on which the NHS was founded?
TCT-238 Long Term Efficacy and Safety of Ultra-long Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Yohsuke Honda, Ren Kawaguchi, Yusuke Miyaishi, Hakuken Kan, Hiroshi Hoshizaki, Shigeru Oshima, Toshiya Muramatsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
BLOOD PRESSURE ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: G. S. Melvin, J. R. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1915)

IT is practically impossible at the present moment to meet witlh any class of patient or any clinical condition of wlhich iio record of blood pressure exists.Till recently it seemed almost impossible.to break fr-esh ground or to suipply data that were original aind notmerely confirmatory or contra- dictory.But from the present standpoint of sphygmomanometry these existing records must be regarded as vitally inconhiplete.Blood pressure, clinically interpreted, consists of a more or less constant press'ure-the diastolic pressure-on wlichl there is periodically superimposed an additional pressure-the systolic presstire.So lona as there was no metlhod of determiiiing tlle extent of the constant strain on the blood vessels due to the diastolic pressure, "blood pressure readings" was a term synony- nmous with " systolic pressure readings."Thlere lhas certainly-for somiie time existed a class of apparatus designed to make good this serious deficiency.W1'hile somle of these instruments were cumbersome in struicture or comiplicated in the metlhod of wvorking, all suffered fromu a lack of definition in the indication (maximium oscilla- tion, etc.) they were designed to give.Moreover, the tlleory on whichl they were based is one whicll must now be regarded as interesting but inaccurate.Appl)ication of the AuditoryAlethod in Children.This method is simple anid determinate.By experi- mnent anid illvestigation it hias been establislhedl as accuirate.A douibt in our oAvn m-iinds as to the applicability of tlle metliodill the case of the small arteries of chiildren led to our carrying out a series of determinations.We were early satisfied thattle phenomena were not onily very definite, buit were in many cases as definite astllose in adults; in
Epidemiology of hand eczema from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: C. Apfelbacher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Epidemiology of hand eczema from adolescence to adulthood Get access C. Apfelbacher C. Apfelbacher Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 2, 1 August 2014, Pages 210–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13182 Published: 01 August 2014
Bacteriuria and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: A K Burroughs, I J Rosenstein, O Epstein, J M Hamilton-Miller, W Brumfitt, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1984)

Significant bacteriuria was found in 19% of 87 women with primary biliary cirrhosis, whereas in 89 women with other types of chronic liver disease bacteriuria was present in only 7%. In 74 women with rheumatoid arthritis 8% were bacteriuric. Midstream urine specimens obtained from 144 consecutive women with primary biliary cirrhosis attending hospital over a two year period showed that 50 (35%) developed bacteriuria during 12 months of follow up. Bacteriuria was unrelated to age, raised serum bilirubin, drug therapy or urinary pH but was more common in patients with late stage (fibrotic) disease as judged by histological criteria. Fifty seven per cent of bacteriuric primary biliary cirrhosis patients suffered more than one urinary infection. Fifty nine per cent of the 156 bacteriuric episodes were asymptomatic. The types of organism isolated, the antibiotic sensitivity patterns and cure rate were similar to those reported in bacteriuric women without other underlying disease. The reinfection rate (34%), however, was double that reported for bacteriuric episodes in 9problem9 women with recurrent bacteriuria, indicating a special susceptibility to urinary infection. The most common isolates were E coli (70%), which did not show abnormal adhesiveness to uroepithelial or buccal cells of normal women, or to those of primary biliary cirrhosis patients. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have not been reported to be more susceptible to infection in general. Bacteriuria, however, was common throughout all clinical stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. Thus there may be a unique association between bacteriuria and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Alfred Nobel and the drug hunters.
Authors: M. D. Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

nations was changed dramatically because of parents being able to select the sex of their offspring.An excess of males might lead to increased competitiveness for the rarer females, and homosexuality might increase.In addition, fewer girls would reduce the birth rate in the next generation because population growth depends on the number of fertile females within a community.On the other hand, an excess of women in the population might inhibit male competitive aggressive- ness and result in a more peaceful society.Would social institutions have to change radically to allow-or even encourage-a resurgence of polygamy?Or could the numerical dominance of women be transformed into a social dominance with the emergence of Amazon style societies?This is all speculation, but one thing is certain.Should the sex ratio become even more biased toward maleness (as seems most likely) then the traditional old maids will evolve into old bachelors of the future.
AN AID TO THE PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PIGMENTED LESIONS OF THE SKIN
Authors: RONA M. MacKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article AN AID TO THE PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PIGMENTED LESIONS OF THE SKIN Get access RONA M. MacKIE RONA M. MacKIE Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow and Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 3, 1 September 1971, Pages 232–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07221.x Published: 01 September 1971 Article history Accepted: 02 March 1971 Published: 01 September 1971
Fibronectin and serum amyloid P component stimulate C3b- and C3bi-mediated phagocytosis in cultured human monocytes.
Authors: S D Wright, L S Craigmyle, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Fibronectin (FN) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) markedly enhance phagocytosis mediated by the C3b and C3bi receptors of cultured human monocytes but not of granulocytes. (The C3b and C3bi receptors of granulocytes can be activated by treatment of these phagocytes with PMA.) Activation of monocyte C3 receptors by FN is developmentally regulated: Freshly explanted monocytes respond to FN with a small increase in C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis while monocytes matured in culture exhibit a much greater response. The mechanism of action of FN on C3 receptors of cultured monocytes is unique in two respects. First, while substrate-bound FN or SAP activate monocyte C3 receptors, soluble FN does not. Second, stimulation of the basal surface of monocyte plasma membranes by substrate-bound FN activates C3b and C3bi receptors on the apical surface of the plasma membrane, i.e., at sites remote from the segments of membrane in contact with the FN or SAP.
MEDICAMENTS.Read in the Section of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May 5-8, 1891.
Authors: EDGAR L. PATCH
Journal: JAMA (1891)

After considering many subjects fitting to be brought before this Association, we selected the above as one permitting us to group a few random thoughts, serving perhaps to provoke discussion, from which may come something of value. Comparing the complex pharmacy of to-day, with its alkaloids, glucosides, neutral principles, and synthetic compounds; its coated pills, lozenges, tablets, triturate tablets, capsules and cachets, with that of the near past, manipulating the crude material into infusions, decoctions, tinctures, powders and pills, we are sometimes led to call a halt and ask if scientific medication is any nearer, and inquire if disease is held more in abeyance by this great array of rare and expensive remedies. As pharmacists we may not be able to discuss why quinine at twenty-five cents an ounce cannot do all the work it performed when two dollars an ounce, nor why it is replaced by a patented product,
Continuous flow method for determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility
Authors: Yoichiro Ito, Peter Carmeci, Roderic Steele
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract A simple and accurate micromethod for the determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility is introduced. The method uses a laminar parabolic flow pattern, together with gravity, to retain cells in a long, small‐diameter tube while a solution with decreasing osmolarity is passed through the tube. As the cells hemolyze, hemoglobin released from the cells is quickly removed by the axial flow pattern and monitored with a 547 nm optical detector for recording the hemolysis curve. Consequently, a continuous curve is obtained, with a peak occurring at the salt concentration that produces the maximum hemolysis rate. The advantages of this method are simplicity, accuracy, and small sample size (2 microliters of whole blood). The small sample size is of particular importance for infants. A comparison is made with the Parpart method using samples from 18 normal adults. Results are also given for a few abnormal adults and for a series of 26 normal newborns.
Alcohol and sport
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Alcohol and sport are inextricably coupled. Alcohol sponsorship is essential to fund sporting events, so the story goes. Without advertising revenues, sport as we know it would not survive.

It’s the same scaremongering storyline that is peddled for medical education and the drug industry—and one that I hope the medical profession will put to the test before too long. As for alcohol and sport, France has tested the story and shown it to be bunkum. Advertising and sponsorship of sport by drinks companies have been banned in France since 1991 with the passing of the “Loi Evin,” named after the then minister for health, Claude Evin. And, quelle surprise, far …
Triamcinolone Aerosol
Authors: William W. Pingleton
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol in the management of asthma in six patients with aspirin hypersensitivity was evaluated during a one-year trial. Five patients were previously chronically dependent on systemic corticosteroids and had undergone unsuccessful trials with cromolyn sodium therapy. Substantial reduction in corticosteroid requirements was observed; in two patients, oral prednisone therapy was completely eliminated. Forced expiratory volume and flow were maintained at levels better than those recorded before triamcinolone therapy throughout the year of follow-up. No substantial side effects due to triamcinolone were observed.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Elevated in Cystic Fibrosis and Decreases with Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation
Authors: SUSANNA A. McCOLLEY, VERONICA STELLMACH, STEVEN R. BOAS, MANU JAIN, SUSAN E. CRAWFORD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Chronic bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation characterize cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. In many disorders, inflammation and angiogenesis are codependent phenomena. We previously noted excessive angiogenesis in CF tissues and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in random serum samples from subjects with CF. To further explore this finding, we measured serum VEGF in 38 subjects with stable CF and in 25 subjects with other pulmonary diseases. Mean VEGF was elevated in both groups compared with reference values, but it was higher in CF: 403 ± 280 versus 255 ± 169 pg/ml, p = 0.02. VEGF was negatively correlated with FEV1 in CF, r = − 0.51, p = 0.007. To assess the effect of airway infection on VEGF, 10 subjects with CF were studied before and after intravenous antibiotic therapy for pulmonary exacerbation. VEGF levels decreased with antibiotic therapy, from 537 ± 220 to 259 ± 176 pg/ml, p = 0.001. We conclude that circulating VEGF is increased in subjects with CF and other inflammatory pulmonary disorders. In CF, VEGF elevation is related to airway infection. We speculate that increased circulating VEGF is related to chronic inflammation, which is robust in CF. Elevated circulating VEGF may result in tissue angiogenesis, furthering the progression of pulmonary disease.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens Deploys a Superfamily of Type VI Secretion DNase Effectors as Weapons for Interbacterial Competition In Planta
Authors: Lay-Sun Ma, Abderrahman Hachani, Jer-Sheng Lin, Alain Filloux, Erh-Min Lai
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread molecular weapon deployed by many Proteobacteria to target effectors/toxins into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. We report that Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium that triggers tumorigenesis in plants, produces a family of type VI DNase effectors (Tde) that are distinct from previously known polymorphic toxins and nucleases. Tde exhibits an antibacterial DNase activity that relies on a conserved HxxD motif and can be counteracted by a cognate immunity protein, Tdi. In vitro, A. tumefaciens T6SS could kill Escherichia coli but triggered a lethal counterattack by Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon injection of the Tde toxins. However, in an in planta coinfection assay, A. tumefaciens used Tde effectors to attack both siblings cells and P. aeruginosa to ultimately gain a competitive advantage. Such acquired T6SS-dependent fitness in vivo and conservation of Tde-Tdi couples in bacteria highlights a widespread antibacterial weapon beneficial for niche colonization.
Trafficking of Nuclear Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor–like Growth Factor into an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Dependent Autocrine Loop in Response to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Jayoung Kim, Rosalyn M. Adam, Michael R. Freeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like growth factor (HB-EGF) accumulates in the nucleus in aggressive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells and this histologic feature is a marker of poor prognosis in human bladder cancer tissues. Here we report that HB-EGF can be exported from the nucleus during stimulated processing and secretion of the growth factor. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in mobilization of the HB-EGF precursor, proHB-EGF, from the nucleus of TCCSUP bladder cancer cells to a detergent-resistant membrane compartment, where the growth factor was cleaved by a metalloproteinase-mediated mechanism and shed into the extracellular space. Inhibition of nuclear export suppressed HB-EGF shedding. Production of ROS resulted in EGF receptor (EGFR) and Akt1 phosphorylation in HB-EGF–expressing cells. HB-EGF also stimulated cell proliferation and conferred cytoprotection when cells were challenged with cisplatin. These findings show that the nucleus can serve as an intracellular reservoir for a secreted EGFR ligand and, thus, can contribute to an autocrine loop leading to cell proliferation and protection from apoptotic stimuli.
The HSP90 Inhibitor XL888 Overcomes BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Mediated through Diverse Mechanisms
Authors: Kim H.T. Paraiso, H. Eirik Haarberg, Elizabeth Wood, Vito W. Rebecca, Y. Ann Chen, Yun Xiang, Antoni Ribas, Roger S. Lo, Jeffrey S. Weber, Vernon K. Sondak, Jobin K. John, Amod A. Sarnaik, John M. Koomen, Keiran S.M. Smalley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The clinical use of BRAF inhibitors is being hampered by the acquisition of drug resistance. This study shows the potential therapeutic use of the HSP90 inhibitor (XL888) in six different models of vemurafenib resistance.The ability of XL888 to inhibit growth and to induce apoptosis and tumor regression of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cell lines was shown in vitro and in vivo. A novel mass spectrometry-based pharmacodynamic assay was developed to measure intratumoral HSP70 levels following HSP90 inhibition in melanoma cell lines, xenografts, and melanoma biopsies. Mechanistic studies were carried out to determine the mechanism of XL888-induced apoptosis.XL888 potently inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and prevented the growth of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cell lines in 3-dimensional cell culture, long-term colony formation assays, and human melanoma mouse xenografts. The reversal of the resistance phenotype was associated with the degradation of PDGFRβ, COT, IGFR1, CRAF, ARAF, S6, cyclin D1, and AKT, which in turn led to the nuclear accumulation of FOXO3a, an increase in BIM (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death) expression, and the downregulation of Mcl-1. In most resistance models, XL888 treatment increased BIM expression, decreased Mcl-1 expression, and induced apoptosis more effectively than dual mitogen-activated protein-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (MEK/PI3K) inhibition.HSP90 inhibition may be a highly effective strategy at managing the diverse array of resistance mechanisms being reported to BRAF inhibitors and appears to be more effective at restoring BIM expression and downregulating Mcl-1 expression than combined MEK/PI3K inhibitor therapy.
Injuries among female army recruits: a conflict of legislation
Authors: I. M M Gemmell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In the final decade of the 20th century, the British Armed Forces came under intense pressure to open up traditionally male roles to female recruits. For training, women were initially given lower entry and exit standards, but it became apparent that many did not possess the strength necessary for their work. This 'gender fair' policy was therefore changed to a 'gender free' policy, whereby identical physical fitness tests were used for selection of male and female recruits and the training programme made no allowances for gender differences. To determine the effects of this policy change, data from medical discharges were examined for the periods before and after implementation, with reference to musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limbs. In the first cohort there were 5697 men and 791 women, in the second 6228 men and 592 women. The cross-gender (F/M) odds ratio for discharges because of overuse injury rose from 4.0 (95% CI 2.8 to 5.7) under the gender-fair system to 7.5 (5.8 to 9.7) under the gender-free system (P—0.001). Despite reducing the number of women selected, the gender-free policy led to higher losses from overuse injuries. This study confirms and quantifies the excess risk for women when they undertake the same arduous training as male recruits, and highlights the conflict between health and safety legislation and equal opportunities legislation.
Identification of an immediate Foxp3− precursor to Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs of nonmanipulated mice
Authors: Sonja Schallenberg, Pei-Yun Tsai, Julia Riewaldt, Karsten Kretschmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 can be induced from peripheral T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4+CD25−Foxp3− T cells stimulated with noninflammatory dendritic cells presenting low amounts of agonist cognate antigen. However, limited evidence exists for extra-thymic T reg cell generation from non-TCR transgenic T cells in unmanipulated mice. We compared events early during agonist-driven generation of Foxp3+ TCR transgenic T cells to polyclonal CD4+ T cell populations in unmanipulated mice. We identified an interleukin-2– and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–dependent precommitted Foxp3− precursor to Foxp3+ T reg cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. Transforming growth factor β signaling played a minor role in the generation and subsequent differentiation of these T reg precursor cells.
Etiquette-Based Medicine
Authors: Michael W. Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Patients ideally deserve to have a compassionate doctor, but might they be satisfied with one who is simply well-behaved? When I hear patients complain about doctors, their criticism often has nothing to do with not feeling understood or empathized with. Instead, they object that "he just stared at his computer screen," "she never smiles," or "I had no idea who I was talking to." During my own recent hospitalization, I found the Old World manners of my European-born surgeon — and my reaction to them — revealing in this regard. Whatever he might actually have been feeling, his behavior — . . .
THE CHARACTERS OF A THIRD TRANSPLANTABLE CHICKEN TUMOR DUE TO A FILTERABLE CAUSE. A SARCOMA OF INTRACANALICULAR PATTERN
Authors: Peyton Rous, Linda B. Lange
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

A spontaneous chicken sarcoma, peculiarly fissured by blood sinuses, and with a tendency to intracanalicular extension into them, has been transplanted and studied in eight successive groups of fowls. Histologically the growth is a characteristic neoplasm, while in its transfer to new hosts a real transplantation is obviously involved. The development of the first few series of transplantation tumors was very slow. They exhibited the histological structure of the original growth and had the same tendency to metastasize to the skeletal muscles. Recently the tumor has grown more rapidly and in a higher percentage of hosts. With this has come a simplification of structure to that of a pure, spindle-celled sarcoma. Fowls of an alien variety (Plymouth Rock) form quite as good hosts for the tumor as those of the sort (brown Leghorn) in which it was originally found. It has not grown in pigeons, rats, or mice. The question of the cause of the tumor is not taken up in the present paper. It has been found to be due to an agent which will pass through Berkefeld filters. The growth is quite distinct in its characters from the other two transplantable neoplasms of the fowl (a spindle-celled sarcoma, an osteochondrosarcoma) which have such a cause. No growth like it has been observed among the forty-three spontaneous tumors of the fowl that have come under our observation.