tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Rubella: Report of Two Cases with Generalized Infection
Authors: K. M. Hambidge, D. Shaffer, W. C. Marshall, K. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1966)

These include thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, prolonged neonatal jaundice, osseous lesions, myocardial damage, pneumonitis, and encephalitis.The recovery of virus from affected infants for several months after birth has also been reported (Cooper et al., 1965).The purpose of this paper is to report from England two cases of congenital rubella with widespread organ involvement, together with virus studies demonstrating the persistence of virus for some months and quantitative estimations of immunoglobulins. Virological MethodsMaterial for virus isolation consisted of nasopharyngeal, conjunctival, and rectal swabs, which were placed in medium 199, containing penicillin (400 units/ml.)and streptomycin (400 tig./ml.) ; also urine, cerebrospinal fluid, heparinized blood, lens material, and a specimen of liver that was obtained by needle biopsy.These specimens, and serum from each child and mother, were collected at ages shown in Table I.All speci- mens were stored at -20°C.before testing.TABLE I.
The CIBA Collection of Medical Illustrations. vol. 3: A Compilation of Paintings in the Normal and Pathologic Anatomy of the Digestive System. Part II. Lower Digestive Tract
Authors: Cornelius H. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This volume completes The Ciba Collection series on the digestive system. It contains 200 full-color illustrations prepared by the renowned medical artist, Dr. Frank H. Netter, with a descriptive text supplied by 20 authorities, a crossreference index, and a bibliography. While the editor, Dr. Oppenheimer, completed the work on this volume, he unfortunately did not have the satisfaction of seeing it in its final bound form. It is considered appropriate that a few comments be made on his contribution to his other research work, as well as to this publication. In the introduction to this volume, Dr. Netter makes the following comment: Throughout this project there has been to me one source of encouragement and stimulation, one fountain-head of counsel and advice, my very dear friend the editor of these volumes, Dr. Ernst Oppenheimer, to whom I shall be forever grateful. I cannot here recount the multitudinous ways in which
Abstract 2035: The levels of miR-145 are regulated by DNA methylation and p53 gene status in prostate cancer
Authors: Seong O Suh, Mohd Saif Zaman, Varahram Shahryari, Yi Chen, Jan Liu, Z. Laura Tabatabai, Sanjay Kakar, Guoren Deng, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MiR-145 is down-regulated in various cancers. However, the regulation of miR-145 and its role in the prostate cancer is not known. We analyzed the expression of miR-145 in microdissected prostate cancers and adjacent normal prostate tissues. In 17 of 21 (81%) prostate cancers, the levels of miR-145 (measured by qRT-PCR) were significantly lower than those in the adjacent normal tissues. Down-regulated miR-145 levels correlated with DNA methylation (identified by methylation-specific PCR and sequencing) in the upstream region of miR-145, indicating that methylation may be involved in its regulation. The levels of miR-145 were also measured in 49 cancer cell lines, including 4 prostate cancer, 3 kidney cancer, 11 breast cancer, 23 colorectal cancer and 8 pancreatic cancer cell lines. In cancer cell lines, the down-regulation of miR-145 was also significantly correlated with its methylation. In seven cancer cell lines (3 prostate cancer, 2 kidney cancer and 2 colorectal cancer cell lines) with methylated miR-145, treatment with the demethylation agent, 5-aza-deoxycytidine significantly induced miR-145 expression. We also found a significant correlation between miR-145 expression and the status of the p53 gene in 49 cancer cell lines. In 31 cell lines with a p53 gene mutation, miR-145 levels were low in 30 cell lines (97%) while in 18 cell lines with wild type p53, miR-145 levels were low in only 6 cell lines (33%, p&amp;lt;0.001). There is a potential p53 protein binding site upstream of miR-145 flanked by methylated CpG sites. The binding ability of wild type and mutant p53 to this site with or without methylation, and the effects on the expression of miR-145 were tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase assay. In summary, this is the first report on miR-145 regulation by p53 mutation and DNA hypermathylation in prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2035.
The Impact of Long Working Hours on Resident Physicians
Authors: Timothy B. McCall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Even without long hours, residency training would be stressful. Multiple demands are placed on house officers, who often find there is more work to do than time to do it. The beeper interrupts; pages come more quickly than they can be answered. Residents feel insecure about their competence; they must assume major responsibility for medical decisions, even though their knowledge and clinical skills are at times inadequate. The sense of inadequacy is exacerbated by the competitive environment and the intimidating nature of teaching rounds, especially in university hospitals. To disagree with attending physicians over questions of patient care can bring . . .
Prophylactic rituximab after allogeneic transplantation decreases B-cell alloimmunity with low chronic GVHD incidence
Authors: Sally Arai, Bita Sahaf, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, George L. Chen, Carol D. Jones, Robert Lowsky, Judith A. Shizuru, Laura J. Johnston, Ginna G. Laport, Wen-Kai Weng, Jonathan E. Benjamin, Joanna Schaenman, Janice Brown, Jessica Ramirez, James L. Zehnder, Robert S. Negrin, David B. Miklos
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cardiac Doppler flow velocities in human fetuses.
Authors: K L Reed, E J Meijboom, D J Sahn, S A Scagnelli, L M Valdes-Cruz, L Shenker
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Cardiac Doppler flow velocity studies were performed in normal human fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. Two-dimensional linear array and sector scanning techniques were used for the initial evaluation of the fetuses, which included a standard ultrasound examination to determine normal anatomy and estimated gestational age and weight. Fetal cardiac ultrasound examination was then performed, with four-chamber, short-axis/great vessel, long-axis/left ventricular outflow tract, and aortic arch views obtained. Pulsed echo Doppler instrumentation was used to obtain flow velocity measurements through the tricuspid, pulmonary outflow, mitral, and aortic outflow regions. Calculation of transvalve volume flow for mitral and tricuspid valves was performed by combining the valve anulus sizes and calculated mean temporal velocities for the valves. Maximal flow velocities were greater through the tricuspid (mean maximal velocity 51 +/- 1.2 [SE] cm/sec) than through the mitral (47 +/- 1.1 cm/sec; p less than .05) valve regions, with a wide range of scatter for results between fetuses but less than 6% average variation in the individual fetuses during gestation. For 18 fetuses, right heart dimensions and volume flows (mean 307 + 30 ml/kg/min) were greater than left heart dimensions and volume flows (232 +/- 25 ml/kg/min). Doppler echocardiography may prove to be useful as an adjunct to imaging echocardiography for evaluation of fetal cardiac anatomy and function.
Prick tests to aeroallergens: is it possible simply to wipe the device between tests?
Authors: V. Piette, E. Bourret, J. Bousquet, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Improperly performed skin prick tests (SPT) can lead to wrong allergy diagnosis and incorrect treatment. To overcome false‐positive results it is recommended to change the puncture device between each test, although very few studies have examined the real drawbacks (false‐positives) and advantages (time and cost savings) of using only one device. Methods: Two groups of 20 patients with rhinitis or asthma, sensitized to either house‐dust mites or grass pollens, had successive serial SPT to 9% codeine phosphate and the relevant allergen using the same needle or lancet, wiped between each test. Results: With both the needle and the lancet, there were 12.5–67.5% false‐positive results using the house‐dust mite or grass pollen allergen extracts, respectively. There were no false‐positive results with the 9% codeine phosphate. Conclusions: Our study shows that this technique is not reliable as it provoked an unacceptable number of false‐positive results.
TP53 alterations in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype correlate with specific copy number alterations, monosomal karyotype, and dismal outcome
Authors: Frank G. Rücker, Richard F. Schlenk, Lars Bullinger, Sabine Kayser, Veronica Teleanu, Helena Kett, Marianne Habdank, Carla-Maria Kugler, Karlheinz Holzmann, Verena I. Gaidzik, Peter Paschka, Gerhard Held, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Michael Lübbert, Stefan Fröhling, Thorsten Zenz, Jürgen Krauter, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Arnold Ganser, Peter Lichter, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Geographic Spread and Temporal Increase of the Lyme Disease Epidemic
Authors: Dennis J. White
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the temporal and geographic progression of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York State from 1977 through 1989. <h3>Design.</h3> —Communicable disease surveillance system. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Statewide. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The progression of the epidemic was examined by analyzing trends in Lyme disease cases reported to the state surveillance system, town and county Lyme disease incidence rates, Lyme disease hospital discharge rates, and the distribution of<i>Ixodes dammini</i>ticks obtained from surveillance efforts and submitted for identification. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —The number of confirmed Lyme disease cases in New York has increased with concurrent increases in the number of hospital discharges. The number of counties endemic for Lyme disease increased from four to eight between 1985 and 1989. The number of counties with documented<i>/ dammini</i>ticks increased from four in 1985 to 22 in 1989. Incidence of the disease also increased within known endemic counties. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Tick surveillance indicated that the range of<i>/ dammini</i>has expanded annually into areas up to 384 km from the original known endemic areas of Long Island, NY, and Connecticut. Cumulative data from human surveillance resources document both temporal increases and geographic expansion of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1230-1236)
Somatostatin and Somatostatin Analogue (SMS 201-995) in Treatment of Hormone-Secreting Tumors of the Pituitary and Gastrointestinal Tract and Non-Neoplastic Diseases of the Gut
Authors: Phillip Gorden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Somatostatin is a peptide synthesized in many tissues that can act as a neurotransmitter, a systemic hormone, or a local hormone, and inhibits the secretion of hormones or other cell products. A long-acting synthetic analogue of somatostatin (SMS 201-995) has been developed which when administered subcutaneously has a biologic half-life of 90 to 120 minutes and can be administered 2 or 3 times per day. SMS 201-995 can lower plasma concentrations of growth hormone and somatomedin-C in patients with pituitary acromegaly, but no controlled trials to assess symptomatic response or change in tumor size have been done. In patients with pituitary thyrotropin-producing pituitary tumors, SMS 201-995 has been remarkably effective in producing biochemical and clinical responses and is the drug of first choice in this syndrome when tumor resection is not possible. In patients with the carcinoid syndrome, SMS 201-995 effectively reduces diarrhea, is the best available drug for treatment of carcinoid flush (effective in approximately 90% of cases), and is useful in treating carcinoid crisis. Eighty-five percent of patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide will respond to SMS 201-995 with a reduction in diarrhea that often has been resistant to all other therapy. SMS 201-995 may also be useful in treating the symptoms in some patients with glucagonomas, growth hormone releasing hormone-producing tumors and insulinomas. Whether SMS 201-995 has a significant effect on gut neuroendocrine tumor growth remains uncertain. Certain nonmalignant diseases of the gut respond to somatostatin, including secretory diarrhea and fistulas of unknown cause. In general, SMS 201-995 has proved safe with few significant side effects, but whether the long-term use of the drug will result in an iatrogenic form of the somatostatinoma syndrome is uncertain.
Implantable Insulin Infusion Devices
Authors: Perry J. Blackshear
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the editorial by Service et al (1982;247:1866), they urge extreme caution in the clinical use of both extracorporeal and implantable insulin infusion devices. Since the use of external infusion devices has been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and intensive conventional therapy has been shown to provide similar glycemic control in both short- and long-term studies, we believe that both types of devices should be used only in carefully supervised research protocols at present.  However, we must disagree with part of the following contention of Service et al:  ... that implantation of insulin delivery systems into humans is not justified other than for acute and closely supervised experiments designed to answer questions that cannot be answered adequately in animal studies (italics ours).  Some of us have much experience with implantable drug delivery systems, and we believe that the implantation of devices of this type is not justified
HIV transmitted by kissing.
Authors: J W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Walker, who point out that there is a much lower incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis in black women despite a diet that is often poorer in calcium.Our published studies have shown that black women have thicker skin and a higher skin collagen content than white women.The well recognised increased incidence of keloid formation and uterine fibroid,s also indicates an excessive connective tissue response that may protect women of African origin from postmenopausal osteoporosis.We are concerned by Mr A W Fowler's repeated condemnation ofoestrogen treatment for the menopause.His belief that the menopause is a psychological condition that does not require treatment must be seen as a outdated spiritual comment rather than an informed medical view.Certainly lifestyle, exercise, and diet are important in this condition, but if women want to avoid postmenopausal osteoporosis they must rely on oestrogen treatment.
Lineage determination of CD7+ CD5− CD2− and CD7+ CD5+ CD2− lymphoblasts: Studies on phenotype, genotype, and gene expression of myeloperoxidase, CD3ϵ, and CD3δ
Authors: Noriko Yoneda, Eiji Tatsumi, Keisuke Teshigawara, Shigekazu Nagata, Takahiro Nagano, Yuji Kishimoto, Takashi Kimura, Koujiro Yasunaga, Nobuo Yamaguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract The gene expression of myeloperoxldase (MPO), CD3ϵ and CD3δ molecules, the gene rearrangement of T‐cell receptor (TCR)δ, γ, and β and Immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain, and the expression of cell‐surface antlgens were investigated In seven cases of CD7+ CD5− CD2− and four cases of CD7+ CD5+ CD2− acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL/LBL) blasts, which were negative for cytochemical myeloperoxidase (cyMPO). More mature T‐lineage blasts were also investigated in a comparative manner. In conclusion, the CD7+ CD5− CD2− blasts included four categories: Undifferentiated blasts without lineage commitment, T‐lineage blasts, T‐/myeloid lineage blasts, and cyMPO‐negative myeioblasts. The CD7+ CD5+ CD2− blasts included two categories; T‐lineage and T‐/myeloid lineage blasts. The 11 cases were of the germ‐line gene (G) for TCRβ and IgH. Four cases were G for TCRδ and TCRγ. The others were of the monoclonally rearranged gene (R) for TCRδ and G for TCRγ or R for both TCRδ and TCRγ. The expression or In vitro induction of CD13 and/or CD33 antigens correlated with the immaturity of these neoplastic T cells, since it was observed In all 11 CD7+ CD5− CD2−and CD7+ CD5+ CD2−, and some CD7+ CD5+ CD2+ (CD3− CD4− COB‐) cases, but not in CD3± CD4+ CD8+ or CD3+ CD4+ CD8− cases. CD3ϵ mRNA, but not CD3δ mRNA, was detected in two CD7+ CD5− CD2− cases, while mRNA of neither of the two CD3 moleculea was detected In the other tested CD7+ CD5−CD2− cases. In contrast, mRNA of both CD3e and CD36 were detected in ail CD7+ CD5+ CD2− cases, indicating that CD7+ CD5+ CD2− blasts at least belong to T‐lineage. The blasts of two CD7+ CD5− CD2− cases with entire germ‐line genes and without mRNA of the three molecules (MPO, CD3ϵ, and CD3δ) were regarded as being at an undifferentiated stage prior to their commitment to either T‐ or myelold‐lineage. The co‐expression of the genes of MPO and CD3e In a CD7+ CD5− CD2− case or MPO, CD3ϵ, and CD3δ in a CD7+ CD5+ CD2− case suggested the presence of some overlapping phase for T‐ and myeloid‐lineage commitment during Immature stages of differentiation. This heips understand the conversion of some T‐ALL/LBL cases to acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The detection of CD3ϵ, but not CD3δ mRNA, in two CD7+ CD5− CD2−cases indicated that the gene expression of CD3ϵ occurs at a more immature stage of differentiation than that of the CD3δ chain. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Watery Eye
Authors: E. M. Arbabi, F. A. Arshad, K. Holden, Z. I. Carrim
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely used in consumer products, mostly due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. One of the well-established antibacterial mechanisms of AgNP is their efficient contact with bacteria and dissolution on cell membranes. To our knowledge, the primary mechanism of cell wall damage and the event(s) initiating bactericidal action of AgNP are not yet elucidated. In this study we used a combination of different assays to reveal the effect of AgNP on i) bacterial envelope in general, ii) outer membrane (OM) and iii) on plasma membrane (PM). We showed that bacterial PM was the main target of AgNP in Gram-negative bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. AgNP depolarized bacterial PM, induced the leakage of the intracellular K<sup>+</sup>, inhibited respiration and caused the depletion of the intracellular ATP. In contrast, AgNP had no significant effect on the bacterial OM. Most of the adverse effects on bacterial envelope and PM occurred within the seconds and in the concentration range of 7-160 μM AgNP, depending on the bacteria and assay used, while irreversible inhibition of bacterial growth (minimal bactericidal concentration after 1-h exposure of bacteria to AgNP) occurred at 40 μM AgNP for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and at 320 μM AgNP for <i>E. coli</i>. Flow cytometry analysis showed that AgNP were binding to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> but not to <i>E. coli</i> cells and were found inside the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> cells. Taking into account that AgNP did not damage OM, we speculate that AgNP entered <i>P. aeruginosa via</i> specific mechanism, e.g., transport through porins.
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF CARVEDILOL AND ATENOLOL ON LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA
Authors: Pyung Chun Oh, Woong Chol Kang, Jong Goo Seo, Soon Yong Suh, Kyounghoon Lee, Seung Hwan Han, Taehoon Ahn, Eak Kyun Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IGF-1–Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Bone Marrow Stem Cell Mobilization via Paracrine Activation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling to Promote Myocardial Repair
Authors: Husnain Kh Haider, Shujia Jiang, Niagara M. Idris, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 showed improved survival and engraftment in the infarcted heart and promoted stem cell recruitment through paracrine release of stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α. Rat bone marrow–derived MSCs were used as nontransduced ( Norm MSCs) or transduced with adenoviral-null vector ( Null MSCs) or vector encoding for IGF-1 ( IGF-1 MSCs). IGF-1 MSCs secreted higher IGF-1 until 12 days of observation ( P &lt;0.001 versus Null MSCs). Molecular studies revealed activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and Bcl.xL and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β besides release of SDF-1α in parallel with IGF-1 expression in IGF-1 MSCs. For in vivo studies, 70 μL of DMEM without cells (group 1) or containing 1.5×10 6 Null MSCs (group 2) or IGF-1 MSCs (group 3) were implanted intramyocardially in a female rat model of permanent coronary artery occlusion. One week later, immunoblot on rat heart tissue (n=4 per group) showed elevated myocardial IGF-1 and phospho-Akt in group 3 and higher survival of IGF-1 MSCs ( P &lt;0.06 versus Null MSCs) (n=6 per group). SDF-1α was increased in group 3 animal hearts (20-fold versus group 2), with massive mobilization and homing of ckit + , MDR1 + , CD31 + , and CD34 + cells into the infarcted heart. Infarction size was significantly reduced in cell transplanted groups compared with the control. Confocal imaging after immunostaining for myosin heavy chain, actinin, connexin-43, and von Willebrand factor VIII showed extensive angiomyogenesis in the infarcted heart. Indices of left ventricular function, including ejection fraction and fractional shortening, were improved in group 3 as compared with group 1 ( P &lt;0.05). In conclusion, the strategy of IGF-1 transgene expression induced massive stem cell mobilization via SDF-1α signaling and culminated in extensive angiomyogenesis in the infarcted heart.
Should Psychiatry and Neurology Integrate?
Authors: W. P. WILSON, C. E. WELLS, P. J. IRIGARAY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors present a brief sketch of the changes that have occurred in the teaching of psychiatry and neurology and set forth their reasons for believing that a number of benefits would accrue, both to these disciplines and to the community at large, if there were greater cooperation between training programs in psychiatry and those in neurology.