tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Comparison of Eight Vectorcardiographic Lead Systems
Authors: ERNST SIMONSON, OTTO H. SCHMITT, H. NAKAGAWA
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The large number of different, but presumably equivalent, vectorcardiographic lead systems in current use makes it imperative that their degree of interchangeability be investigated, and that standardization on some compromise system be achieved if possible. The situation is reminiscent of the controversy over the CF, CL, CR, and V leads in the early 'forties. Large and erratic variations of spatial loop configuration, orientation, and magnitude among eight different, presumably orthogonal, vectorcardiographic lead systems were found, so that direct interchangeability is questionable. The discrepancies were far greater than those between the different types of chest leads. Standardization on a universally acceptable compromise vectorcardiographic lead system would be desirable, to avoid confusion in the rapidly accumulating body of vectorcardiographic material, even though the compromise falls short of a theoretic ideal.
The International Scientific Language.
Authors: William E. Wirt
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Cleveland, Dec. 30, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I read with much interest your address on " The International Scientific Language," and heartily indorse what you said. Especially am I in accord with your ideas of the practicability of French as against the sentimentality associated with the Greek language. I sincerely hope that you will continue to use your influence to have French indorsed as the international language. Very truly yours,
An underdiagnosed complication of anaesthesia?
Authors: P. J. O'Brien, A. Nadir, S. Koch, S. J. Cole, N. MacKenzie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) can be a serious but reversible cause of acute myocardial dysfunction after anaesthesia.1 A 43 year old man recently underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our day case unit. He was systemically well with no comorbidities but was extremely anxious about the procedure.

Anaesthetic induction and surgery were uneventful but shortly after he developed acute respiratory failure requiring reintubation and transfer to …
IN VITRO INTERACTION OF MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS AND MACROPHAGES FROM GENETICALLY RESISTANT MICE
Authors: Ilan Shif, Frederik B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Peritoneal macrophages from genetically resistant C3H mice and genetically susceptible Princeton (PRI) mice adsorbed the MHV (PRI) strain of mouse hepatitis virus equally well. The difference between the permissive cells and the nonpermissive ones seems to reside in the ability of the former to "eclipse" the virus and, subsequently, support virus replication. C3H cells exposed to low multiplicities of the virus remained intact with no demonstrable viral replication. Virus, taken up by the resistant cells, was protected from heat and underwent slow inactivation while few or no virus particles were released into the medium.
949. AAV-Parkin Gene Therapy for Alpha-Synucleinopathy as Parkinson's Diseased Model
Authors: Hideki Mochizuki, Masanori Yamada, Yoshikuni Mizuno
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Parkin gene is likely to be one of the appropriate genes for the therapeutic use for Parkinson's disease because it has been revealed that parkin mitigated the neuronal cell death induced by |[alpha]|-synuclein overexpression. To evaluate the role of parkin in the pathogenesis of PD, we tested whether overexpression of parkin could protect against the toxicity of AAV-|[alpha]|-synuclein in a rat model of PD.

In the present study, the recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector system was used for human |[alpha]|-synuclein gene transfer to rat SN and induced |[alpha]|-synucleinopathy because this model appeared to be more closely resemble the human disease. And then, the inhibitory effect of parkin was investigated by co-infection of rAAV-parkin with rAAV-|[alpha]|-synuclein into dopaminergic neurons in SN.

At 13 weeks after rAAV infection, overexpressed |[alpha]|-synuclein induced dopaminergic neuron loss, however, co-expressed parkin mitigated the |[alpha]|-synuclein toxicity with neither decrease in the amount of |[alpha]|-synuclein protein nor formation of inclusions reminiscent Lewy bodies. These results indicate that the use of parkin gene is a potent therapeutic strategy for |[alpha]|-synucleinopathy such as PD, which means parkin gene therapy for PD.
Objective scoring of hidradenitis suppurativa reflecting the role of tobacco smoking and obesity
Authors: K. Sartorius, L. Emtestam, G.B.E. Jemec, J. Lapins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long-standing disease with abscess and often fistula formation, predominantly in the axillae and groins. The disease is difficult to treat and has a severe impact on quality of life. A clinically relevant system for scoring disease severity is lacking in HS.To evaluate the modified Hidradenitis Suppurativa Score (HSS) and to study the impact of body mass index (BMI) and smoking habits on disease severity.Two hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients with HS referred to a clinic with special interest in the disease were included, of whom 115 were scored. Points were given for regions involved, types of lesion (nodules, fistulas), total area involved and whether lesions were separated by normal skin. Background characteristics included BMI and smoking habits. Two hundred and forty-six patients completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).The median (interquartile range, IQR) HSS for all patients was 38 (18-66): women 38 (18-71) and men 37 (19-51). Median (IQR) HSS for smokers was 41 (22-75.5), former smokers 27 (16-53) and nonsmokers 22 (10-57). Median (IQR) HSS for patients with BMI < 25 kg m(-2) was 32 (12-54), BMI 25-30 kg m(-2) 44 (22-56) and BMI > or = 30 kg m(-2) 50 (18-86). Mean +/- SD DLQI for the whole group of patients was 10.3 +/- 7.5, median 9, and showed no significant differences between the groups studied. There was a significant positive correlation of fair degree between HSS and DLQI. There were significant differences in HSS between nonsmokers and smokers as well as between women of normal weight compared with obese women.The modified HSS is simple and practical and it extracts important clinical information. A connection between disease severity and BMI as well as smoking habits in patients with HS is presented. The results suggest that the HSS may be a relevant outcome measure in future therapeutic trials in HS.
Premalignant Conditions of the Vulva, with Particular Reference to Chronic Epithelial Dystrophies
Authors: T. N. A. Jeffcoate, A. S. Woodcock
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Many authorities object to any condition being called premalignant, holding that cancer is a primary pathological change.Though what follows may be taken to lend a measure of support to this view, the title of this communication is a convenient cover for a consideration of those lesions, factors, and circumstances which are alleged to determine or favour the develop- ment of cancer of the vulva.The discussion is, moreover, limited to squamous-cell carcinoma, without regard to the rarer forms of malignancy such as sarcoma, melanoma, and adenocarcinoma, which together comprise less than 10% of all malignant growths of the vulva.Factors in the Aetiology of Squamous-cell Cancer of the Vulva Local IrritationThe development of cancer at any site can be determined by certain types of chronic tissue injury or "irritation."In the case of epithelioma of the vulva the only reasonably well established example of this is contact with carcinogenic mineral oils.Thus in 1932 Gerrard showed that women operatives in the cotton and woollen mills of Lancashire and Yorkshire, directly exposed to oil-impregnated waste materials of their trade, were twice as liable to suffer from cancer of the vulva as were women of similar ages engaged in other occupations.Repeated exposure to x rays and radium is an acceptable theoretical cause of malignant disease of the vulva, but has not, in practice, been shown to operate.It is, nevertheless, one of several good reasons for abandoning the use of radiation therapy for intractable pruritus vulvae.Direct trauma, at one time suggested by Taussig (1917, 1940), is, however, not acceptable because cancer of the vulva occurs as frequently in virgins and nulliparous women as it does in those exposed to coitus and childbirth.Infections, Condylomata, and Granulomata The fact that vulval cancer commonly begins in the region of the clitoris is sometimes attributed to *Based on the Emil) BWake Memorial Lecture delivered at Newcastle upon Tyne on April 12, 1961, under the auspices of the North of England Council of the British Empire Cancer Campaign.
Arguments in the syntactic straitjacket
Authors: Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, Heidi Harley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

While the search for the neural basis of the language of thought is a laudable enterprise, and the article by Hurford a valiant first attempt, we argue that in investigating the argument structure of natural language it will ultimately prove more fruitful to consider the restrictions forced on the system by its inherently syntactic character.
CLINICAL USES OF 2,3—DIMERCAPTOPROPANOL (BAL). II. THE EFFECT OF BAL ON THE EXCRETION OF ARSENIC IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND AFTER MINIMAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENICAL SMOKE
Authors: J. Wexler, H. Eagle, H. J. Tatum, H. J. Magnuson, E. B. Watson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1946)
Ascorbic Acid and Healing of Corneal Ulcers
Authors: T. A. S. Boyd, F. W. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1950)

main problems in vision to-day is the question of what the rods are doing under photopic conditions. ConclusionEnough has been said to indicate that the rigid trichro- matic theory and the dogmatic assertion of the presence of three types of cone in the fovea of the normal eye are not entirely satisfactory.The study of specific retinal areas, functionally by the use of small fields, structurally by the use of reliable histological methods, and electrophysio- logically in other animals, is now the obvious method of approach.Further work on the same lines with colour- blind subjects can almost be guaranteed to yield further dividends.In particular, a more enlightened approach to the evolution of visual mechanisms may well gixe clues on the nature of the mechanism for colour-vision: thus, there are many indications that the colour-sense may have arisen when a central apparatus was evolved for comparing and evaluating the information already reaching the brain through separate channels previously developed for other purposes-for example, for night and day vision, for increased visual acuity, etc.The time has now come, there- fore, for a more biological and comparative approach to the subject.The working of the human eye cannot be treated in isolation as a purely physical or psychological problem; it must be studied in relation to the evolutionary history of vision as a whole.
Push-and-Pull Enteroscopy in the Small Bowel Using the Double-Balloon Technique: Results of a Prospective European Multicenter Study
Authors: C. Ell, A. May, L. Nachbar, C. Cellier, B. Landi, S. di Caro, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical impact of push-and-pull enteroscopy (PPE) in patients with suspected or documented small-bowel diseases, in a prospective multicenter trial in three European medical centers.A total of 100 patients (mean age 56 +/- 16 years; range 13 - 90) were included at the three institutions between July and November 2004. The leading symptoms were: acute recurrent or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 64), polyposis syndrome (n = 8), chronic abdominal pain (n = 7), chronic diarrhea (n = 7), and others (n = 14).No major PPE-associated complications such as perforation, bleeding, or relevant injury to the small-bowel tissue or mesentery were encountered. Minor complications occurred in 12 %. The mean time required to carry out the procedure from the oral and anal approaches was 75 +/- 19 min (32 - 150 min). The average insertion depths into the small bowel were 200 +/- 70 cm per PPE session (220 +/- 90 cm with the oral approach and 130 +/- 80 cm with the anal approach). The average radiation exposure (including diagnostic and therapeutic interventions) was 2.1 +/- 2.4 min and 155 +/- 159 dGy/cm2. PPE was fully diagnostic in 72 % of cases. The majority of the patients (34 %) were suffering from angiodysplasias; ulcerations and erosions of various etiologies were seen in 16 %, and polyps and tumors in 13 %. The PPE findings played a role in the subsequent treatment in 62 % of the patients. Endoscopic treatments, including argon plasma coagulation, polypectomy, dilation, and foreign-body extraction, were carried out in 42 %. Medical treatment was given in 12 %, and patients were referred for surgery in 8 % of cases.This prospective analysis shows that PPE is safe and has a high diagnostic and therapeutic yield in patients with suspected or known small-bowel disease.
Can we still recommend meditation?
Authors: P Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1983)

quirements of their own.It might be to their advantage, therefore, if districts were to contact the Welsh Health Technical Services Organisation before embarking on the expensive and time consuming task of developing their own system locally.Those who already have working systems will no doubt be asked to add any missing items of the Korner steering group minimum data sets and to devise means for extracting these data for district or regional use.The complete child health system is one of the very few national systems that provide a comprehensive and flexible computerised programme for child surveillance and preventive care from birth to school leaving age.
Free to Be Foolish: Politics and Health Promotion in the United States and Great Britain
Authors: Michael F. Loudon
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Howard Leichter has a story to tell us, and an analysis to present. His book is about politics and health, and his theme is the tension between the libertarian desire for "freedom to be foolish" and the paternalist desire to act for the public good. His story is of history as experiment. He begins with a historical review that charts the subtle shift in the focus of public health legislation from the environment to the person—from clean air to clean living, as it were. Then he considers in turn the legislative battles over tobacco, alcohol, road safety, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is a second theme here, of health vs wealth, since smokers and drinkers help fill the coffers of government. He then describes the legislative actions taken, or avoided, by various states in dealing with these issues and compares the parallel debates in the United States and
Merging information versus speech recognition
Authors: Irene Appelbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Norris, McQueen &amp; Cutler claim that all known speech recognition data can be accounted for with their autonomous model, “Merge.” But this claim is doubly misleading. (1) Although speech recognition is autonomous in their view, the Merge model is not. (2) The body of data which the Merge model accounts for, is not, in their view, speech recognition data.
Effect of<i>TMEM106B</i>Polymorphism on Functional Network Connectivity in Asymptomatic<i>GRN</i>Mutation Carriers
Authors: Enrico Premi, Anna Formenti, Stefano Gazzina, Silvana Archetti, Roberto Gasparotti, Alessandro Padovani, Barbara Borroni
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Granulin (GRN) mutations represent one of the most frequent genetic causes of inherited frontotemporal dementia. The study of asymptomatic carriers of GRN Thr272fs mutation (aGRN+) provides a unique opportunity to study the natural history of the disease and the role of modulating factors on disease onset. It has been demonstrated that the TMEM106B polymorphism is associated with GRN-related frontotemporal dementia and affects age at onset in GRN mutation carriers.To ascertain whether TMEM106B genetic status modulates GRN disease by evaluating resting-state functional connectivity in aGRN+ individuals according to TMEM106 genetic variation.Academic tertiary referral center for neurodegenerative disorders in 17 asymptomatic carriers of aGRN+ and 14 healthy controls.Changes in resting-state functional connectivity, focusing on the default mode network, ventral and dorsal salience networks, executive network, frontoparietal networks, and attentive network and the effect of TMEM106B genotypes in aGRN+ participants and healthy controls (statistical nonparametric mapping).aGRN+ participants showed decreased brain connectivity within the left frontoparietal network and increased connectivity in the executive network compared with healthy controls. The TMEM106B at-risk polymorphism (T/T) was associated with decreased connectivity within the ventral salience network (ie, middle frontal gyrus) and the left frontoparietal network (ie, left precuneus).This study suggests that the TMEM106B polymorphism modulates brain connectivity in aGRN+ individuals, with additional damage of the ventral salience network and left frontoparietal network observed. Genotyping TMEM106B is of importance in aGRN+ individuals for prognostic purposes and to assess early brain damage.
Maternal and postnatal vitamin D ingestion influences rat aortic structure, function and elastin content
Authors: P Norman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: Subtle impairment of fetal nutrition appears to predict hypertension and atherosclerosis in adults. It has been hypothesised that impaired aortic elastogenesis is the initiating step in adult hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Vitamin D has been shown to inhibit elastin synthesis by cultured smooth muscle cells. Here we have investigated, in rats, the hypothesis that increased exposure to vitamin D during gestation and in the postnatal period alters aortic elastin content and aortic function. Methods: Nine breeding pairs of Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated to one of three diets containing 3000 (control group), 6000 (low dose) or 12,000 (high dose) IU/kg vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. Male pups were continued on the same diet until 6 weeks of age. Aortic elastin content was assessed by measuring desmosine+isodesmosine content using capillary zone electrophoresis. Transverse aortic sections were used for quantification of elastic lamellae and morphometric analysis. The contractility of aortic rings was assessed in an organ bath preparation. Results: The desmosine+isodesmosine content of the abdominal aorta of 6-week-old male pups, was 14.1, 10.0 and 10.1 nmol/mg dry weight in the control (n = 20), low- (n = 23) and high-dose (n = 15) groups, respectively (P = 0.007). The median number of elastic lamellae of the distal thoracic aorta was 8.25, 7.13 and 6.88 in the control, low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in aortic cross-sectional areas or media:adventitia ratios. The mean peak tension of aortic rings, in response to phenylephrine, was 1.3 g, 1.12 g and 0.87 g in the control, low- and high-dose groups respectively (P = 0.002). Conclusion: In rats, exposure to increased amounts of vitamin D during gestation and early life results in a reduction of aortic elastin content, number of elastic lamellae in the aorta and force generation in aortic rings.
The rationing debate: Maximising the health of the whole community. The case for
Authors: A J Culyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It seems a pity to compromise what seems uncompromising, but let us begin with some health warnings. Firstly, “principal” does not mean “only” and some of the other things the NHS does (and ought to do) turn out to be necessary anyway if it is to achieve this prime objective. Moreover, efficiency (which is what maximising is about) needs always to be tempered by consideration of equity in both process and outcome. Secondly, let's remind ourselves that most moral objectives (of which this is one) do not lose their force by virtue of being impossible to attain–one of the reasons for having moral rules about anything is that they provide bases for judging how well one is doing with respect to what one ought to be doing.



SIMONSTERN/THE INKSHED



Thirdly, let's remember that there are good reasons for our having taken health care out of the “ordinary” market place. These include a solidarity-type case that ensures no one is excluded from benefit on grounds of lack of portable, transparent, and comprehensive entitlement; protection from professional dominance in the determination of both general healthcare priorities and specific patient-doctor relations (in any system of health care it is primarily the doctor who determines the demand for care, not the patient); equity in funding arrangements, processes, and outcome (mainly health); and the provision of care that is more likely to confer benefit than harm.

Fourthly, maximising such an objective involves not only a commitment to the ethicality of that which is being maximised but also embodies within it a host of other ethical issues; these often take the form of trade offs, whose exposure, discussion, and resolution by people with legitimate rights to be involved is important. Fifthly, maximising anything implies the need for particular sorts of knowledge: for information about health status, …
Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species–Generating Capacity Contributes to the Enhanced Cell Growth of Arsenic-Transformed Epithelial Cells
Authors: Qingshan Chang, Jingju Pan, Xing Wang, Zhuo Zhang, Fei Chen, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the activation of protein kinases, DNA damage responses, and cell apoptosis. The details of how ROS regulate these intracellular biochemical and genetic processes remain to be fully understood. By establishing transformed bronchial epithelial cells through chronic low-dose arsenic treatment, we showed that the capacity of ROS generation induced by arsenic is substantially reduced in the transformed cells relative to the nontransformed cells. Such a reduction in ROS generation endows cells with premalignant features, including rapid growth, resistance to arsenic toxicity, and increased colony formation of the transformed cells. To validate these observations, the capability of ROS generation was restored in the transformed cells by treatment with inhibitors or siRNAs to silence the function of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase and cell growth was determined following these treatments. Enhancement in ROS generation suppressed cell growth and colony formation of the transformed cells significantly. Despite the fact that the transformed cells showed a decreased expression of NF-κB signaling proteins IKKβ and IKKγ, the proteolytic processing p105 and p100 and NF-κB DNA binding activity were elevated in these cells. Increasing ROS generation by silencing SOD and catalase reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB in the transformed cells. Taken together, the transformed cells induced by arsenic exhibited a decrease in ROS generation, which is responsible for the enhanced cell growth and colony formation of the transformed cells, most likely through a sustained alternative activation of the NF-κB transcription factor. Cancer Res; 70(12); 5127–35. ©2010 AACR.