tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unemployment: here we go again.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

made for measuring apolipoprotein B concentration, which is sometimes raised in patients with coronary heart disease but with normal low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations,'2 especially if they are hypertriglycerdaemic.Lack of prospective data and difficulties in standardising assays, however, have been used as counter arguments."3In case- control studies lipoprotein (a) has proved to be a powerful discriminant between those with and without coronary heart disease,'4 but as with apolipoprotein B prospective data are scanty and there are problems with its assay.Once these limitations have been overcome, however, measurement of these and other emerging risk factors, including subspecies of high density lipoprotein," may help define more precisely the risk of coronary heart disease and thus enable decisions on whether to treat, for example, premenopausal women with hypercholesterolaemia, to be more soundly based.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in younger patients: molecular and cytogenetic predictors of survival and treatment outcome
Authors: M M Patnaik, E A Wassie, E Padron, F Onida, R Itzykson, T L Lasho, O Kosmider, C M Finke, C A Hanson, R P Ketterling, R Komrokji, A Tefferi, E Solary
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

In patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), age>65 years is an adverse prognostic factor. Our objective in the current study was to examine risk factors for survival and treatment outcome in 261 ‘young’ adults with CMML, as defined by age ⩽65 years. In multivariable analysis, lower HB (P=0.01), higher circulating blast % (P=0.002), ASXL1 (P=0.0007) and SRSF2 mutations (P=0.008) and Mayo-French cytogenetic stratification (P=0.04) negatively impacted survival. Similarly, leukemia-free survival was independently affected by higher circulating blast % (P<0.0001), higher bone marrow blast % (P=0.0007) and the presence of circulating immature myeloid cells (P=0.0002). Seventy-five (29%) patients received hypomethylating agents (HMA), with the median number of cycles being 5, and the median duration of therapy being 5 months. The over-all response rate was 40% for azacitidine and 30% for decitabine. Fifty-three (24%) patients underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT), with a response rate of 56% and a non-relapse mortality of 19%. Survival in young adults with CMML, although higher than in older patients, is poor and even worse in the presence of ASXL1 and SRSF2 mutations. Treatment outcome was more impressive with AHSCT than with HMA and neither was influenced by ASXL1/SRSF2 mutations or karyotype.
The Importance of Stress in Varicocele Study
Authors: LUBAN MRHAC, SAAD ZAKKO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 32-year-old man had radionuclide scrotal venography to identify a possible varicocele. Our standard method did not reveal this. Because an ultrasound examination was equivocal and clinical signs continued of a varicocele, we repeated the study with the Valsalva maneuver, which revealed a left-sided varicocele. Our observation showed that even a varicocele of grade 2 or 3 could be missed by radionuclide scrotal venography if the Valsalva maneuver is not applied.
Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography in glaucoma
Authors: Gadi Wollstein, Leila A. Paunescu, Tony H. Ko, James G. Fujimoto, Andrew Kowalevicz, Ingmar Hartl, Siobahn Beaton, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Cynthia Mattox, Omah Singh, Jay Duker, Wolfgang Drexler, Joel S. Schuman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Postoperative airway maintenance
Authors: W. K. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A 12-year-old white boy was admitted to the hospital with a three weeks' history of recurrent epistaxis. Nasal obstruction on the right side had been noted for two to three years. A review of systems was otherwise noncontributory.  Abnormal findings on physical examination were confined to the right nasopharynx, where a 2 × 2cm polypoid mass was visualized. Laboratory findings included normal results of urinalysis; hemoglobin, 12.5 gm/100 ml; white blood cell count, 7,300, with a normal differential count. The preoperative diagnosis was nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.  The day following admission premedication with sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) and scopolamine hydrobromide was given one hour prior to surgery. Induction with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen was uneventful. The trachea was intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube, and the nasopharyngeal fibroma was removed with a rongeur forceps. Bleeding was copious for a few minutes, but was controlled by a posterior nasal pack of lamb's wool.
The Dying Patient
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Doctors have always regarded death as an enemy, to be postponed as long as possible. In the past, however, doctors were seldom troubled by the kind of problems regarding death which have now appeared. The young doctor might have had painful doubt when first required to "pronounce" a patient, but he soon became confident of his ability to recognize death, indicated by cessation of heartbeat and breathing. Now heart-lung machines may obscure this end point; at the same time the demands of organ transplantation make precise determination of the moment of death more urgent. Formerly, most patients died at home, surrounded by their families, not in hospitals surrounded by staff too busy attending to physical needs to pay attention to emotional needs. Doctors have always felt obligated to prolong life as long as possible, but now they sometimes wonder how long an unconscious body should be maintained by machines or
The right man for the moment?
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Given the amount of flak the Medical Research Council has attracted recently, the appointment of a skilled communicator to its top job seems a good move. Geoff Watts talks to Colin Blakemore 

During one of the many animal rights demonstrations outside his house, Professor Colin Blakemore recalls a woman armed with a megaphone shouting, “Come on out, Blakemore. We know you developed thalidomide.” In some quarters, it seems, Colin Blakemore is viewed as scientifically omnipotent. As the Medical Research Council's new chief executive, a dash of omnipotence—scientific or otherwise—would no doubt come in handy over the next few years. But Blakemore's own assessment is more modest. When the post fell vacant he sent a note to the headhunting agency, saying, “I suppose there's no possibility that I could be a suitable candidate, is there?” To his surprise he got a call saying, “Why not?”

   ![][1] 

Colin Blakemore: “We suffer so much from suspicions about science, it's important that the public see and hear from jobbing scientists” 

Credit:MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

Why not indeed? Waynflete professor of physiology at Oxford, skilful science communicator, staunch defender of the use of animals in medical research… good choice, you might think. There are, though, backwaters of academia where some of Blakemore's …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Coeliac disease and diffuse pulmonary disease
Authors: G. A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Snake bite in Britain SIR,-It is perhaps not widely realised that snakes are quite common in many of the country areas and that the traditional means of identification are not always present.The only poisonous snake in Britain is the viper or adder.It is found anywhere in the country, perhaps more commonly in the south, in Devon and Cornwall, and in south and west Wales.It can attack livestock as well as humans and it can be a considerable hazard in this respect to farmers.It may be confused with the grass snake, also called the "ring-collared" snake, or, less frequently, with the slow or blind worm.The appearance of the viper is subject to considerable variation.It may be coloured black, brown, dark green, grey, or almost white, with markings on its body varying from deep red to black.The under surface of the body may be black, brown, grey, or blue and the tip of the tail orange, red, or yellow.Its most constant characteristic is the
PENETRATION OF THE UTERUS BY GOLD STEM PESSARY
Authors: L. T. Sussex
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This case is reported to reemphasize the danger to life and health from the use of the gold stem cervical pessary, commonly used as a contraceptive measure. Mrs. C. J. C., aged 30, the mother of two children, aged 3 and 4 years, was admitted to the Kennedy Deaconess Hospital, Dec. 16, 1932. A sister had died several years previously of pulmonary tuberculosis. The family history was otherwise of no importance. Two and one-half years previously an abdominal operation had been performed elsewhere, at which time she had been told that a cyst had been removed from the left ovary. There was no history of a miscarriage; the last pregnancy had terminated at full term three years previously. The menses occurred every three weeks; the flow was profuse, continuing for from eight to ten days. Pain was quite severe at the beginning of the period, and the patient was usually
Physical Treatment of Acute War Neuroses
Authors: W. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (1942)

ConclusionsThe anti-Rh-containing serum of the mother of a baby which died of erythroblastic anaemia caused, when used undiluted, the agglutination of red blood cells of strongly positive reactors to anti-Rh, but failed, undiluted, to agglutinate more weakly reacting cells.When these weakly reacting cells were added to serial dilutions of the serum well-marked agglutination occurred if the serum was suitably diluted.These findings suggest the advisability of using a titration method before deciding that anti-Rh is not present in a serum, and in direct tests between the serum of a recipient and the red cells of potential blood-transfusion donors.We are grateful to Dr. T. H. Boon, regional transfusion officer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and to Dr. S. G. M.
Letter: Rosette inhibition test and cell-mediated immunity.
Authors: A Cantaluppi, G Fiorelli, C Ponticelli
Journal: BMJ (1974)

may be argued that the lymphocytes with complement receptors represent only a part of the total population of B-lymphocytes.'4However, the effect of A.T.G. was identical when either human complement or guinea- pig complement was used for EAC-rosette formation.With human complement the proportion of lymphocytes forning imu ne rosettes is significantly lower than with guinea-pig complement, suggesting that lymphocyte receptor for the two comple- ments may not always be shared.
Improving Postdischarge Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Authors: Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reliability of quantitative cultures of protected specimen brush after freezing.
Authors: H Georges, C Santre, O Leroy, M Roussel-Delvallez, M Caillaux, C Beuscart, B Guery, C Vandenbussche, G Beaucaire
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Protected specimen brush (PSB) is considered to be one of the standard methods for diagnosing mechanical ventilator-acquired pneumonia at a threshold value > or = 10(3) cfu/ml. Nevertheless, this procedure requires immediate cultures which are not always possible 24 h per day. We therefore wanted to appreciate the diagnostic value of delayed quantitative cultures after specimen freezing. PSB was performed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy on 43 mechanically ventilated patients with suspicion of nosocomial bronchopneumonia. After PSB procedure, two aliquots of 0.5 ml were prepared. One aliquot was plated immediately on different culture media (Group 1). A second aliquot was frozen at -80 degrees C for 24 h, then plated on the same culture media as Group 1 (Group 2). All samples were incubated for 48 h. The diagnostic value threshold of PSB was 10(3) cfu/ml. A total of 47 samples were performed on 43 patients. In Group 1, cultures from PSB were positive in 26 samples and revealed 41 species yielding > or = 10(3) cfu/ml. In Group 2, PSB cultures were positive in 24 samples and revealed 36 species yielding > or = 10(3) cfu/ml. Despite a mean decrease in bacterial count of 1.00 +/- 1.44 log 10 (p < 0.001), most important for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (respectively 3.22 +/- 2.21 log10 and 2.41 +/- 0.52 log 10), sensitivity and specificity of quantitative cultures after specimen freezing, compared with immediate cultures, were 88% and 100% respectively. We concluded that specimens from PSB could be frozen at -80 degrees C with good reliability except for S. pneumoniae and E. coli, enabling PSB procedure to be performed around the clock.
A1.3 Increased CD5highFasLhigh B regulatory cells in patients with active HCV infection: association with disease severity and autoimmunity
Authors: Z Vadasz, E Toubi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3></h3> B regulatory cells are a well-established subtype of B cells appreciated as a front player in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, enhanced function of B regulatory cells (in similarity with that of T regulatory cells) is responsible (at least in part) for the failure of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in preventing malignancy spread and eliminating infections, mainly intracellular. CD5high B cells were reported to be IL-10 producers and also highly expressing Fas lignad (FasL), thus considered to be regulatory cells. In this study we aim to analyse the status of these cells, in patients suffering from active chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). We first assessed the status of CD5high B cells in HCV infected patients (n = 15) and compared this to healthy individuals (n = 15). Here we found that CD5high B cells are significantly increased in HCV patients when compared to healthy individuals (37.0 ± 5.2 vs. 21.3 ± 7.1, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). In addition, CD5high B cells were shown to highly express FasL in patients when compared to healthy controls (40.0 ± 8.2 vs. 23.6 ± 6.4, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Increased FasL expression was noticed to be in association with increased viral load, disease severity and autoimmunity. This is the first report on CD5high/FasLhigh B regulatory cells to be increased in chronic HCV patients. CD5highFasLhigh B cells may enhance the process of cytotoxic T cell apoptosis, suggesting this to be one of the mechanisms by which HCV escapes T cell cytotoxic response.
Systematic Identification of Drugs That Cause Birth Defects — A New Opportunity
Authors: Allen A. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Patients, prescribers, and policymakers often assume that the most serious short-term adverse effects of a drug are identified in pre-marketing studies, so recognition of unexpected harm after widespread use raises concern about "failures of the system." For drug-induced birth defects, however, the situation is reversed: the unfortunate reality is that we learn about virtually all teratogenic effects only after a drug has already received marketing approval, and of course, only after it has been used by pregnant women. Indeed, some teratogenic effects may be identified only after the drug has been in use for many decades. In these situations, the . . .
Ethics committee chairwoman is not obliged to reveal source of concerns about surgeon's work, judge rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The past few years have shown significant resurgent interest in the old concept of bacteriophage therapy. Some research groups continue to develop whole bacteriophage preparations as alternatives to antibiotic antibacterial treatment. However, improvements in the methods of purification of phage preparations open new opportunities in the successful treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. An open question remains on whether bacteriophage preparations (BP) can be safely applied in antibacterial treatment of patients suffering from infections as a consequence of immunosuppression caused by anticancer chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential modulating effect of bacteriophage T4 preparations administered to mice bearing s.c. or i.v. inoculated B16 melanoma and treated with conventional anticancer drugs, i.e. cyclophosphamide (CY), cisplatin (CPt) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Treatment of mice with (BPT) T4 preparation slightly potentiated the antimetastatic effect of CY. Importantly, no combination of phage-cytostatic treatment resulted in a decrease in the antimetastatic or antitumour effects of an applied drug. This suggests the possibility of safe combination of bacteriophage preparations with popular antitumour drugs.
Symmetric Tibial Stress Fractures From Extensive Jump Roping
Authors: SUDHA CHALLA, JOHN H. MILLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 10-year-old girl had pain in the left tibia with associated soft tissue swelling. One week earlier, she had participated in extensive jump roping at school of approximately 1 hours' duration. A bone scan revealed local hyperemia, soft tissue inflammation, and intense circumferential tracer uptake in the midshafts of both tibiae. Conventional radiographs of both legs revealed increased radiographic density in the midshafts of the tibiae with a loss of the endosteal margins. The authors believe that these changes represent stress fractures of both tibiae secondary to excessive recreational activity.
School-Based Clusters of Meningococcal Disease in the United States&lt;subtitle&gt;Descriptive Epidemiology and a Case-Control Analysis&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Kenneth M. Zangwill
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To evaluate the epidemiologic features and risk factors for multiple cases of meningococcal disease in schools.Population-based prospective evaluation and case-control study of clusters of meningococcal disease that occurred in schools from January 1989 to June 1994.Surveillance conducted through state health departments in the United States.Descriptive epidemiology of school-based clusters of meningococcal disease and determinants of their occurrence.We identified 22 clusters of meningococcal disease in 15 states. The estimated incidence of secondary meningococcal disease among schoolchildren aged 5 to 18 years was 2.5 per 100000 population, a relative risk of 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.3). The median number of students per cluster was 2 (range, 2-4). Of 30 subsequent cases, 10 (33%) occurred 2 or fewer days after the index case, and 22 (73%) occurred 14 or fewer days after the index case. Among the 8 schools with 2 or more cases, 50% of the additional cases occurred 2 or more days after the second case. Secondary schools (grades 7 through 12) accounted for 15 (75%) of 20 cluster schools compared with 9 (45%) of 20 matched control schools (P<.05). In 16 (73%) of 22 clusters, interaction between case patients was noted. The index patient in cluster schools was more likely than the controls to have participated in a school-based group activity 14 or fewer days before illness (matched odds ratio, 7.0; 95% CI, 0.9-57).Three quarters of the school clusters occurred in secondary schools, with over 70% of subsequent cases occurring within 2 weeks of the index case. Rapid initiation of a chemoprophylaxis program after 2 cases of meningococcal disease in a school would have potentially prevented 50% of subsequent cases in the clusters described.
Rupture of the Spleen in Newborn Infants
Authors: William K. Sieber, Bertram R. Girdany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS paper reports the survival of 3 newborn infants after surgery for hemoperitoneum due to rupture of the spleen. Similar survivals have not been recorded.Case ReportsCase 1. A female Negro infant was born at 7:10 a.m. on January 26, 1955, after a spontaneous, uneventful delivery. The birth weight was 3.9 kg. (8 pounds, 12 ounces). Pregnancy and labor had been uneventful. She was well until 12:00 a.m., when she vomited bright-red blood, for which she received vitamin K intramuscularly. Her mother was Type O, Rh positive. CD; the baby was Type O, Rh positive, cD. At 4:30 p.m. . . .
Effect of Maternal Smoking on Breast Milk Interleukin-1α, β-Endorphin, and Leptin Concentrations
Authors: Vincenzo Zanardo, Silvia Nicolussi, Stefania Cavallin, Daniele Trevisanuto, Angelo Barbato, Diego Faggian, Flaviano Favaro, Mario Plebani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Tobacco smoke is immunotoxic, but the effect of smoking on the immunologic function of the mammary gland of mothers who smoke cigarettes ("smoker mothers") has not been studied. Our objective was to test, in smoker mothers, the colostral and transitional milk concentrations of interleukin-(IL)1α. The immunomodulators β-endorphin and leptin were also tested. Pregnant women who self-identified as smokers (≥ 5 cigarettes per day through pregnancy) or nonsmokers were recruited for study participation. The study population included 42 smoker and 40 non-smoker nursing mothers, with otherwise uncomplicated gestation, delivery, and puerperium, who were breast-feeding ad libitum their healthy neonates. Colostrum was obtained on the third postpartum day at 0900 hr and transitional milk on the 10th postpartum day at 0900 hr. IL-1α concentrations were significantly reduced in the colostrum of smoker mothers compared with nonsmoker mothers (p < 0.01). Colostral β-endorphin and leptin concentrations were comparable. No significant differences were found between smoker and nonsmoker lactating mothers in transitional milk concentrations of IL-1α, β-endorphin, and leptin. Moreover, β-endorphin and leptin concentrations were significantly reduced in transitional milk samples compared with colostrum of both smoker and nonsmoker mothers (p < 0.05); also, IL-1α transitional milk concentrations were reduced compared with colostrum, but without any significance. This analysis shows that maternal smoking alters the colostral milk levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α. The altered postnatal provision of alternative source of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α adds understanding to how breast-feeding could be nonprotective against infections among the neonates nursed by smoker mothers.
Probable Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by Organ Transplantation
Authors: FRANK W. RYNING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Two heart transplant recipients developed toxoplasmosis shortly after surgery. As neither recipient had serologic evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii before transplantation, infection was acquired from an exogenous source. Of the possible modes of transmission of Toxoplasma to the recipients, infection by the oral route or through transfusion of blood or blood products seems remote. Since both heart donors had serologic evidence of recently acquired toxoplasma infection at the time of transplantation and the myocardium is known to be infected with the organism during acute infection, we considered these facts to be a strong implication that the donors' hearts were the most likely source of toxoplasma infection in the recipients.