tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Einführung in die innere Medizin
Authors: Aaron Arkin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In the introduction to this new edition of a popular textbook on internal medicine for German medical students and physicians, the author emphasizes the importance of a careful history. He also stresses the value of clear and precise questions. There are chapters on the reactions of the body to infection; the mode of transmission of infectious diseases; immunity, allergy, serum sickness, and respiratory diseases; and diseases of the heart and circulation. There is an excellent discussion of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. In the chapter on diseases of the gastrointestinal tract there are only a few roentgenograms. Diseases of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas are briefly discussed. Diseases of metabolism and ductless glands are well summarized. There are 60 pages on the diseases of the urinary tract. The discussion of diseases of the muscles, bones, and joints is very brief. The infectious diseases are covered in one
ALTERATIONS OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR −1α IN ENCAPSULATED AND NON–ENCAPSULATED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SUBJECTED TO HYPOXIA
Authors: Dorota Anna Kedziorek, Yingli Fu, Yi Xu, Kathleen Gabrielson, Dara Kraitchman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Binding of fibrinogen to human monocytes.
Authors: D C Altieri, P M Mannucci, A M Capitanio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The interaction of fibrinogen with monocytes was studied. After stimulation with ADP (10 microM) or thrombin (1 U/ml), platelet-free suspensions of human monocytes bind 125I-fibrinogen with two different affinities in a specific and Ca2+-dependent reaction with saturation at 5.80-7.35 X 10(-7) M of added protein. The binding of fibrinogen to specific receptors on monocytes induces the procoagulant activity of these cells. Thrombasthenic cells or normal monocytes preincubated with a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (10E5) do not bind fibrinogen and have no procoagulant activity. Metabolic studies with [35S]methionine revealed that cultured monocytes actually synthesize a surface antigen precipitated by 10E5 antibody as a major band with 92,000 relative molecular weight. Our data indicate that monocytes express receptors for fibrinogen only in part related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. Furthermore, the binding of fibrinogen to monocytes enhances the cooperation of these cells in hemostasis.
Vincristine Treatment of Cancer in Children
Authors: Oleg S. Selawry, Juliet Hananian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The alkaloid vincristine was administered intravenously once each week to 25 children with advanced cancer beginning with doses of 3 mg per estimated square meter of body surface. Objective tumor response of 1 to 5 mo duration was noted in 17 of 25 children in whom 9 of the 10 tumor types studied were represented. Complete remission was achieved in nine cases. There were six cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, one of Hodgkin's disease, one of lymphosarcoma, and one of Wilms's tumor. Six other children experienced more than 50% tumor reduction and two children had 25% to 50% tumor reduction. Toxic manifestations included alopecia (17), absent patellar and Achilles tendon reflexes (14), leukopenia (12), vomiting (9), constipation (9), oral ulceration (3), hypertension (6), slapping gait (3), abducens paralysis (3), and visual defects (2).
Primary Pediatric Care
Authors: Susan Reitz O'Neil
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Pediatric Primary Care   Hoekelman's Handbook: Primary Pediatric Care Companion , by Robert A. Hoekelman, 307 pp, with illus, paper, $24.95, ISBN 0-8151-4458-7, St Louis, Mo, Mosby, 1997.  I received Primary Pediatric Care , third edition, and the complementary Hoekelman's Handbook: Primary Pediatric Care Companion a few weeks ago. I decided to take them both on a test drive through my pediatric practice.  The large textbook is a well-thought-out introduction to pediatrics and all components of pediatric practice, including preventive care, psychosocial issues, and acute and chronic diseases. Although much of the health maintenance information is elementary for an experienced practitioner, it is readable and informative for students of pediatrics at all levels. I strongly recommend it to anyone taking up pediatrics in any capacity. I couldn't think of any issues in regular practice that this text does not at least touch on and found many discussed in more detail than in other
Renal Glycosuria and Retinopathy-Reply
Authors: Alexander Marble
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Beery's point is well taken and deserves emphasis. All too often the person with so-called "mild" diabetes and a renal threshold for sugar higher than the average normal is lulled into a false sense of security by reliance on urine tests only. Furthermore, not infrequently such urine tests are taken at a time when they are least apt to show sugar, namely, in the morning before breakfast. With such patients, the degree of control of diabetes remains partly unknown unless urine and blood tests for sugar are done during the course of the day, preferably at 2 or more hours after eating. In an individual receiving a diet adequate in protein, vitamins, minerals, and calories to maintain weight and strength, the level of the blood sugar serves as a reliable and easily determined index of the state of the underlying metabolic abnormality. The determination of the
Early Discharge of Newborns-Reply
Authors: Susan Egerter
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply</h3> —Drs Cass and Volk suggest that the NNT concept should be applied to inform decisions about the trade-offs between postpartum hospital days and newborn readmissions. Based on findings from the studies by Dr Liu and colleagues<sup>'</sup>and by Dr Edmonson and colleagues,<sup>2</sup>they calculate that society and insurers would be expected to pay for an estimated 232 additional days of postpartum hospitalization to save an estimated 2.5 newborn readmission days. We believe that framing decisions about early discharge in terms of a trade-off between LOS and newborn readmissions oversimplifies the relationship between services and outcomes. The experiences of Dr Cook and colleagues, who describe the range of services associated with a voluntary early-discharge program offered by their managed care organization in Connecticut, suggest that we should consider the full span of relevant services actually received by mothers and infants before, during, and after the postpartum hospital stay, rather than
Lung angiotensin converting enzyme activity in rats with differing susceptibilities to chronic hypoxia.
Authors: P Jederlinic, N S Hill, L C Ou, B L Fanburg
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The decrease in lung angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity occurring in rats during chronic hypoxia might be related to the pulmonary haemodynamic response or to the hypoxia. A study in rats was carried out to investigate this question. Rats from the Hilltop (H) strain are known to develop more severe pulmonary hypertension as a result of chronic hypoxia than rats from the Madison (M) strain despite having virtually identical arterial and mixed venous oxygen tensions. Rats from H and M strains were exposed to hypoxia (0.5 atm) for 3-21 days and lung and serum ACE activities were determined. After three days' hypobaria lung ACE activity was significantly lower and serum ACE significantly higher in H than in M rats. Linear regressions for lung ACE activity and right ventricular:body weight ratios showed significant inverse correlations and were similar in the two strains. The results suggest that pulmonary hypertension and not hypoxia determines the reduction in lung ACE activity, possibly by releasing ACE into the blood stream.
Long Ago Today
Authors: Joseph J. Gallo
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It was such a simple thing, merely a touch of the hand. Others had touched her also, but their touch had always seemed so mechanical, so cold, not even fully human. Theirs was a touch of necessity, but this one was different. This was a touch of love, of caring, of humanity. This was a touch that spoke without words, that said, "I know you are a person with a rich history, and not a faceless case or number." This touch allowed her, if only for a moment, to transcend time. The memories were a hodgepodge of feelings, sights, sounds, and smells, in random order, the way thoughts sometimes run from one to another, connected in peculiar ways. She really couldn't be sure which wisps and glimpses were accurate and which had become enriched with time, but she supposed that didn't matter now. He had a way of touching her
DNA ribonucleases that are active against intracellular hepatitis B viral RNA targets
Authors: Yasuhiro Asahina, Yoshinori Ito, Catherine H. Wu, George Y. Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

DNA ribonucleases directed against direct repeat 1 (DR1) and polyadenylation signal regions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) messages were prepared with phosphorothioate modifications and varying arm lengths. DNA ribonucleases modified throughout the entire molecule and in the target binding arms were completely protected from degradation after incubation with serum. DNA ribonuclease modified only at the 5′ and 3′ termini remained 92.9% intact after incubation. Molecules with no modification were degraded to 67.6% under the same conditions. However, modification of the entire molecule and in the recognition arms resulted in 99.8% and 98.4% inactivation of cleavage activity, respectively. Modification of only the termini resulted in retention of 20% to 40% of original activity. Lengthening each terminally modified arm from 9 to 11 nucleotides increased cleavage efficiency almost 10-fold. In Huh 7 cells, DR1-directed DNA ribonucleases with terminal modifications significantly suppressed HBV-luciferase fusion gene expression up to 48% of control. In contrast, DNA ribonucleases had no effect on a control construct lacking any HBV target sequences. Moreover, inactivated mutant and HCV-directed DNA ribonucleases had no significant effects on the HBV target. We conclude that resistance of DNA ribonucleases to degradation can be enhanced through phosphorothioate modification. Cleavage activity can be retained by limiting modification to the termini and lengthening the recognition arms. Such DNA ribonucleases can be made to specifically cleave target HBV RNA and substantially inhibit intracellular viral gene expression.
Modulation of human leukocyte histamine release by sn‐1,2‐isopropylidene‐3‐decanoyl‐glycerol and decanoic acid cyclopentyl methylester in comparison with effects of synthetic diacylglycerols and a phorbol ester
Authors: H. Bergstrand, B. Lundquist, P. Michelsen
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Previous studies have shown that the glyceride derivative, sn‐1,2 ‐isopropylidene‐3‐decanoyl‐glycerol (IpOCOC 9 ), can trigger human leukocyte histamine release. Approximately 25 % of the total cellular histamine content is extruded in the presence of 206 # of IpOCOC 9 ; at 69 μM, however, the secretagogue action of the compound is marginal. The characteristics of the release induced by IpOCOC 9 are closely similar to those reportedly recorded at hyperosmolar triggering of basophils with mannitol, and in many respects they also mimic those observed at phorbol ester‐induced histamine release. The compound decanoic acid cyclopentyl methylester (DACPME), a structural analogue of IpOCOC 9 , fails to induce histamine release. IpOCOC 9 , but not DACPME, stimulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytosolic Ca 2+− and phospholipid‐dependent his‐tone III‐S kinase activity (unpublished observations). The secretagogue action of IpOCOC 9 , has therefore tentatively, at least partly, been attributed to a direct protein kinase C activation. In the present studies, we examined the influence of IpOCOC 9 and DACPME on histamine release triggered by an ensuing exposure to anti‐IgE, the calcium ionophore A23187, formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (EMLP), or 4β‐phor‐bol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). It is shown that IpOCOC 9 ‐treatment of cells results in either enhancement or reduction of the release induced by anti‐IgE or by A23187, whereas FMLP‐induced release is consistently reduced and PMA‐induced release consistently enhanced by such a treatment. Treatment of cells with DACPME enhances but does not reduce anti‐IgE‐triggered release, whereas EMLP‐induced release is not affected. Pretreatment of the cells with other putative protein kinase C activators like PMA, sn‐1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐glycerol (OAC), 1,2‐dioctanoyl‐glycerol (DiCg) or the glycerol derivative sn‐1,2‐diacetyl‐3‐decanoyl‐glycerol (DiC2OCOC 9 ) affects secretagogue‐induced basophil histamine release according to specific patterns similar to but not identical with those recorded for IpOCOC 9 and DACPME. Thus, e.g., DiC 2 OCOC 9 consistently reduces but does not enhance anti‐IgE‐triggered release. These data show that limited structural changes of IpOCOC 9 may qualitatively affect its modulating properties in the human basophil histamine release system.
Sex-Based Differences in the Effect of Digoxin for the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Saif S. Rathore, Yongfei Wang, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The Digitalis Investigation Group trial reported that treatment with digoxin did not decrease overall mortality among patients with heart failure and depressed left ventricular systolic function, although it did reduce hospitalizations slightly. Even though the epidemiologic features, causes, and prognosis of heart failure vary between men and women, sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin were not evaluated.
Effectiveness of Right Heart Catheterization: Time for a Randomized Trial
Authors: Eugene D. Robin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Dalen and Bone<sup>1</sup>make some valid and important points, but omit a critical aspect of the PA catheter problem. The editorialists propose to continue general use of the catheter if an acceptable prospective trial is organized and implemented. This proposal implicitly violates patient rights and safety. The basis of the proposed clinical trial is the existence of data that use of the catheter results in a large number of excess and unnecessary deaths. Dalen and Bone propose to continue these risks in large numbers of patients not in the trial while the study is being conducted. If the hypothesis is correct, then large numbers of additional excess deaths will continue in the general population of patients not enrolled in the clinical trial. At the very least, all patients (or their surrogates) about to undergo the use of the catheter should be provided with the opportunity of informed consent
Measurement of Free Hormones in Blood
Authors: ROGER EKINS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

It is widely accepted that, in the case of those hormones which exist in blood in free and protein-bound forms, the free hormone concentration measured under equilibrium conditions in vitro constitutes the essential determinant of the hormone's physiological activity. This concept, termed the “free hormone hypothesis” of hormone action, derives from the observation that in subjects in whom the concentrations of binding proteins (and, concomitantly, of bound hormone) are “abnormal,” hormonal effects correlate closely with the free hormone concentration, not the bound. This observation, together with other evidence, underlies the general belief that only hormone in free form is transported into target tissues. However, the accuracy of serum free hormone measurements which led to, and now sustain, the free hormone hypothesis has been uncertain; furthermore, a demonstration that only free hormone traverses capillary walls and penetrates into cells does not establish that the bound hormone level is without influence on the rate of hormone delivery, and that the hypothesis is therefore correct. The validity of the hypothesis has not, in short, been established beyond doubt, nor does the serum free hormone level seen in vitro necessarily provide a true indication of the hormone's availability to all organs in the body. Since, however, this concept underlies the clinical use of free hormone measurements, it is relevant to examine the somewhat insecure physicochemical foundations on which it rests.
Michael Edward Glanvill
Authors: Peter Glanvill
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Born in Warwickshire, Michael Glanvill moved to Chard with his parents in the early 1930s, when his father bought a practice there. After national service in the Royal Air Force he joined his father in practice in 1949 and practised there until his retirement in 1982. He was an innovator, being a founder member …
[697] LIVER FIBROSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITHOUT CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS. PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL CAUSES
Authors: P. Barreiro, L. Martin-Carbonero, I. Maida, P. Labarga, C. Castellares, A. Ruiz-Sancho, F. Blanco, J. Gonzlez-Lahoz, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Characterization of the signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture
Authors: Anke Meyer-Franke, Miriam R. Kaplan, Frank W. Pfieger, Barbara A. Barres
Journal: Neuron (1995)

The signaling mechanisms that control the survival of CNS neurons are poorly understood. Here we show that, in contrast to PNS neurons, the survival of purified postnatal rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro is not promoted by peptide trophic factors unless their intracellular cAMP is increased pharmacologically or they are depolarized by K+ or glutamate agonists. Long-term survival of most RGCs in culture can be promoted by a combination of trophic factors normally produced along the visual pathway, including BDNF, CNTF, IGF1, an oligodendrocyte-derived protein, and forskolin. These results suggest that neurotransmitter stimulation and electrical activity enhance the survival of developing RGCs and raise the question of whether the survival control mechanisms of PNS and CNS neurons are different.
Viral Central Nervous System Disease
Authors: Edwin H. Lennette
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Virologic studies were done on 511 patients with suspected viral disease of the central nervous system. In 368 cases of aseptic meningitis, infections were encountered with a total of 20 different enteroviruses (of which Coxsackie B5 was the most frequent) and with the mumps and herpes simplex viruses. Poliovirus infection was established in 26 of 35 patients (75%) with paralytic illness who had not been immunized, and in 3 of 17 patients (18%) who had received 3 doses of Salk vaccine. Other agents associated with paralytic illness included Coxsackie virus types B2, B3, B5, ECHO 9 virus, and the mumps virus. In 33 of 60 patients with clinical encephalitis, no viral infection was detected; in the remainder, infections with an array of different entroviruses, the mumps, and herpes simplex viruses were encountered.
MIXED CULTURES OF PURE STRAINS OF FIBROBLASTS AND EPITHELIAL CELLS
Authors: Albert H. Ebeling, Albert Fischer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. Strains of epithelium and fibroblasts cultivated side by side in the same medium keep their individual characteristics. When sectioned and stained by the Van Gieson method, the cultures show the epithelium stained greenish yellow and the fibroblasts and their fibrillæ pink. 2. There are no transition forms between the epithelial cells and fibroblasts. 3. The epithelial cells belonging to an older strain are still able to form primitive structures of winding tubules, with typical glandular epithelium. 4. Under the conditions of the experiments, no dedifferentiation takes place.
Macrophage Gene Expression and Foam Cell Formation Are Regulated by Plasminogen
Authors: Riku Das, Swetha Ganapathy, Ganapati H. Mahabeleshwar, Carla Drumm, Maria Febbraio, Mukesh K. Jain, Edward F. Plow
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Deciphering the molecular and cellular processes that govern macrophage foam cell formation is critical to understanding the basic mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies. Methods and Results— Here, we identify a pivotal role of plasminogen (Plg) in regulating foam cell formation. Deficiency of Plg inhibited macrophage cholesterol accumulation on exposure to hyperlipidemic conditions in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Gene expression analysis identified CD36 as a regulated target of Plg, and macrophages from Plg −/− mice had decreased CD36 expression and diminished foam cell formation. The Plg-dependent CD36 expression and foam cell formation depended on conversion of Plg to plasmin, binding to the macrophage surface, and the consequent intracellular signaling that leads to production of leukotriene B 4 . Leukotriene B 4 rescued the suppression of CD36 expression and foam cell formation arising from Plg deficiency. Conclusions— Our findings demonstrate an unanticipated role of Plg in the regulation of gene expression and cholesterol metabolism by macrophages and identify Plg-mediated regulation of leukotriene B4 as an underlying mechanism.
Indian hedgehog is a major mediator of progesterone signaling in the mouse uterus
Authors: Kevin Lee, JaeWook Jeong, Inseok Kwak, Cheng-Tai Yu, Beate Lanske, Desi W Soegiarto, Rune Toftgard, Ming-Jer Tsai, Sophia Tsai, John P Lydon, Francesco J DeMayo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Gaucher's Disease in an Asymptomatic 72-Year-Old
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IT IS a truism that as better diagnostic methods develop, the clinical spectrum of a disease broadens. So it is in the case of Gaucher's disease. Classically associated with massive hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenias, and bone lesions, this disease can now be detected by a relatively simple biochemical measurement: the activity of leukocyte acid β-glucosidase is greatly decreased.<sup>1</sup>Recently, in the course of a family study, we carried out assays of β-glucosidase activity in leukocytes of the elderly parents of a pregnant woman with Gaucher's disease. To our surprise, the results obtained for this woman's mother (the case reported here) were within the range characteristic of this disorder. The diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow examination. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient is a 72-year-old Jewish woman. Breast cancer, diagnosed at the age of 51 years, was treated with radical mastectomy; there has been no evidence of recurrence. A myocardial infarction
Isolation of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Carina Wehner, Christian Ellinger, Silke Raffegerst, Susanne Wilde, Barbara Mosetter, Dolores J Schendel, Slavoljub Milosevic
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Depending on the mechanisms by which cancer develops and the strategies tumors use to escape the immune system, cancer therapies are more or less successful. A combination of different therapeutic agents, such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines loaded with tumor antigens and adoptive