tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Up-regulates Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor Expression in a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Hassane Amlal, Somia Faroqui, Ambikaipakan Balasubramaniam, Sulaiman Sheriff
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Normal breast tissue mainly expresses the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor whereas primary human breast carcinomas express the Y1 receptor (Y1R) subtype. We hypothesized that activation of estrogen signaling systems plays a role in the induction of Y1R. To investigate this possibility, we used estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, and examined the effect of estrogen on Y1R gene expression and its signaling pathways. Saturation binding studies revealed that MCF-7 cells express high-affinity NPY receptor. NPY inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and mobilized intracellular Ca2+ in MCF-7 cells. Chronic estrogen treatment enhanced NPY-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation by 4-fold and caused a significant increase in Y1R mRNA expression through ERα. Similarly, estrogen increased Y1R mRNA expression in T-47D (ER+) but not in MDA-MB231 or MDA-MB468 (ER−) cell lines. Cycloheximide decreased basal Y1R mRNA expression; however, it did not affect its increase by estrogen. Moreover, estrogen treatment of MCF-7 cells did not increase Y1R mRNA stability. The up-regulation of Y1R expression by estrogen is prevented by hydroxyurea but not by nocodazole or IB-MECA (cell cycle inhibitors). Lastly, NPY inhibited estrogen-induced cell proliferation through Y1R. In conclusion, MCF-7 cells express a functional Y1R coupled to both Ca2+ and cAMP pathways. Estrogen up-regulates Y1R expression through ERα. This effect is independent of increased Y1R mRNA stability or new protein synthesis, and likely occurs during S phase completion of the cell cycle. Estrogen plays an important role in the up-regulation of Y1R, which in turn regulates estrogen-induced cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3706-14)
Prognostic significance of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: J J F Muris, C J L M Meijer, S A G M Cillessen, W Vos, J A Kummer, B A Bladergroen, M J J T Bogman, M A MacKenzie, N M Jiwa, L H Siegenbeek van Heukelom, G J Ossenkoppele, J J Oudejans
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
LDL, IGF-1, and VSMC apoptosis: linking atherogenesis to plaque rupture in vulnerable lesions
Authors: E LaBelle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Gonzales-Timon [12] (pages 247–255) in this issue.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play an important role in the sequence of events leading to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. VSMC that normally reside in the arterial media undergo a series of phenotypic changes and migrate to the arterial intima where they proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix that contributes to the formation of the protective fibrous cap. Eventually these “synthetic” VSMC [1] can undergo apoptosis which is thought to degrade the stability of the plaque and ultimately leads to rupture of the fibrous cap and deposition of thrombus, and thus acute myocardial infarction [2]. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), a small protein (70 amino acids) secreted by VSMCs and other cells in the vascular wall, appears to stimulate the proliferation of the VSMCs and may also protect these cells from apoptosis [3]. In the early atherogenic period IGF-1 … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-215-8988856; fax: +1-215-7622299. labelle{at}vet.upenn.edu
Science and Belief
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deciding About Death
Authors: James R. Boyce
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent<i>JAMA</i>Editorial,<sup>1</sup>Kjellstrand brought into focus future problems emanating from the recently established Patient Self-determination Act. Kjellstrand suggests that physicians will need a script in order to best play out their role in the patient's end-of-life experiences. I believe that this recent emphasis on the patient's self-determination in the events surrounding death and dying draws the physician toward an inappropriately passive position. Patients are now entitled to prescribe the course of events, such as do not resuscitate orders and similar instructions, with expectations that physicians will comply unhesitatingly. I believe that many physicians, when confronted with critical end-of-life situations and these scripts carefully written by the patient, will suddenly realize major conflicts between what the patient has prescribed and what he or she as a physician is willing to fulfill. Recently, Boyd and Boudreaux<sup>2</sup>presented evidence that a large percentage of
A Long-Term, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of an Escherichia Coli Extract (OM-89) in Female Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Hartwig W. Bauer, Schanaz Alloussi, Günther Egger, Hans-Martin Blümlein, Gabriel Cozma, Claude C. Schulman
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Can Medical Savings Accounts for the Nonelderly Reduce Health Care Costs?
Authors: Emmett B. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To understand how medical savings account (MSA) legislation for the nonelderly would affect health care costs. <h3>Design.</h3> —Economic policy evaluation based on the RAND Health Expenditures Simulation Model. <h3>Setting.</h3> —National probability sample of nonelderly noninstitutionalized households. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Persons in 23157 sampled households from the 1993 Current Population Survey. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Medical savings account legislation would allow all Americans who are covered only by a catastrophic health care plan to set up a tax-exempt account that they can use to pay medical bills not covered by their health insurance. The interventions we evaluate differ in the deductibles of the catastrophic plan and in whether the employee or employer funds the MSA. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Changes in national health expenditures and net societal benefits of health care. <h3>Results.</h3> —If all insured nonelderly Americans switched to MSAs, their health care expenditures would decline by between 0% and 13%, depending on how the MSAs are designed. However, not all nonelderly Americans would choose MSAs; taking into account selection patterns, health spending would change by +1% to -2%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Medical savings account legislation would have little impact on health care costs of Americans with employer-provided insurance. However, depending on the size of the catastrophic limit, waste from the excessive use of generously insured care could be reduced, and MSAs would be attractive to both sick and healthy people. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1666-1671)
US advocacy groups seldom disclose financial ties to industry
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health advocacy organisations in the United States publicly reported the financial support they get from the drug industry only 25% of the time, says a new study.

The “disease groups,” as they are often called, can be very influential in mobilising the public to support legislation and funding for research and care for the specific condition such as breast cancer or heart disease, says the report, published in the American Journal of Public Health (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300027).

Sheila Rothman, senior author of the study, said that health advocacy groups and drug companies “really advocate for the same things: unrestricted access to all drugs, devices, and diagnostic tools; branded drugs over generics; open formulas over closed ones.”

She added, “They have agendas …
The Global Threat of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Dixie E. Snider, Kenneth G. Castro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In this issue of the Journal, Pablos-Méndez et al., on behalf of the World Health Organization–International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance, report data on drug resistance in 35 countries or regions.1 Among patients with no history of prior treatment, a median of 9.9 percent (range, 2 to 41 percent) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were resistant to at least one drug. Among patients with histories of prior treatment for more than one month, the prevalence of resistance to any drug ranged from 5.3 to 100 percent, and the prevalence of multidrug resistance (defined . . .
Recent advances: Geriatric medicine
Authors: M. Pahor, W. B Applegate
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The primary aims of geriatric medicine are to relieve suffering in old people and to increase the number of years free of disability that they can enjoy. Here we focus on new evidence about the benefits of interventions commonly used in geriatric medicine.

We decided to focus on clinical interventions because of their importance to clinicians. We then selected the interventions that we judged (as editors of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ) to be the more important ones dealt with in the English language medical journals in the past 18-24 months. We carried out thorough Medline searches on each intervention selected. In this article we have chosen a “lifetime” perspective; we have covered new studies whose subjects included middle aged people because the interventions are relevant to disorders related to aging.

### Their role in dementia and cancer

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used mainly to control pain and inflammation, but they may also protect from dementia and cancer. Two observational studies in cohorts of elderly subjects—the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly and the Baltimore longitudinal study on aging—have shown that long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.1 2 A case-control study found that the regular use of aspirin or other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, and piroxicam was related to a reduced risk of breast cancer.3 However, a large cohort study found no such association with aspirin.4 Another case-control study in people of middle age and older showed an inverse association between the use of any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal cancer.5 Two small randomised, placebo controlled clinical trials showed that indomethacin suppositories and oral sulindac limited the growth of polyps in young and middle aged patients with familial …
Australian hospital staff set up anonymous blog to voice concerns about cutbacks
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Staff at an Australian public hospital have taken the unusual step of establishing an anonymous blog, called Who Will Speak for Us (http://whowillspeakforus.blogspot.com) to draw public attention to their concerns about cutbacks to service.

The bloggers, from the Blue Mountains District Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Memorial Hospital, also known as Katoomba Hospital, west of Sydney, have taken elaborate steps to protect their anonymity, including using some of the techniques of Iranian bloggers.

They fear being sacked or victimised if their identities become known, and they state on the blog that staff at other hospitals are reportedly being threatened for engaging with the blog.

The website says, “It has to be anonymous because all staff of Sydney West Area Health Service are required not to speak to the media as part of their employment contract. Where is the accountability of the system if staff are gagged?”

In a telephone interview, in which they did not disclose their identities, two staff members said that the blog, which …
Implantation of balloon-expandable intravascular grafts by catheterization in pulmonary arteries and systemic veins.
Authors: C E Mullins, M P O'Laughlin, G W Vick, D C Mayer, T J Myers, D L Kearney, R A Schatz, J C Palmaz
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of implanting expandable intravascular stents in pulmonary arteries and systemic veins. Twenty-seven balloon-expandable grafts were placed in 13 mongrel dogs under anesthesia. A long sheath was introduced over a wire and catheter or dilator into the pulmonary artery or target vein. A collapsed stainless steel expandable mesh stent was placed over the balloon of an angioplasty catheter. The catheter with the mounted stent was advanced through the sheath. The stent expanded to the diameter of the balloon as the balloon was inflated, and remained expanded as the balloon was deflated. The stent was expanded further with a larger balloon in 11 instances. Eleven stents were placed successfully in pulmonary arteries (out of thirteen attempted), and 11 of 14 were installed in tributaries of the precava or postcava. Three inadvertent embolizations of the devices occurred. All three devices that embolized lodged in the pulmonary arteries and did not obstruct flow. Seven dogs were recatheterized at intervals ranging from 56 to 278 days. Twelve stents were patent and nonobstructive, and two were malpositioned, one of which was obstructed. Three animals were killed 2 months (two dogs) and 9 months (one dog) after the implantations. The stents (four in the pulmonary arteries and two in veins) were completely covered with neointima and were patent, without thrombosis. These stents hold promise for definitive dilation of congenital or postoperative vessel stenoses.
Myocardial oxygen consumption and the left ventricular pressure-volume area in normal and hypertrophic canine hearts.
Authors: G Izzi, M R Zile, W H Gaasch
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND To assess and compare the energy demands of normal and hypertrophic hearts, we defined the relation between myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2, an index of the energy consumed by contraction) and the left ventricular pressure-volume area (PVA, an index of the total mechanical energy generated by contraction) in eight normal and eight hypertrophic (aortic band model) dog hearts; MVO2 was also measured in the nonworking (empty beating) and basal (potassium arrest) states. METHODS AND RESULTS The hearts were studied in an isolated, blood-perfused heart apparatus. The slope of the MVO2-PVA relation (the inverse of which reflects myofibrillar efficiency) was similar in normal and hypertrophic hearts (3.89 +/- 1.91 and 4.19 +/- 1.25 ml O2/mm Hg.ml.10(5), p = NS). The MVO2 in empty beating (0.038 +/- 0.006 and 0.041 +/- 0.015 ml/beat/100 g, p = NS) and potassium-arrested (1.95 +/- 0.06 and 1.98 +/- 0.20 ml/min/100 g, p = NS) hearts was likewise similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Basal and nonworking energy demands and working efficiencies of hypertrophic hearts are equivalent to those of normal hearts.
Congenital Salicylate Intoxication — Report of a Case
Authors: Ralph Earle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ACETYLSALICYLIC acid accounts for 19 per cent of the accidental ingestions by children under five years of age and is a commonly used drug in suicidal attempts by adults.1 In the case reported below these two aspects of the abuse of the drug were associated to produce congenital salicylate intoxication. It is of particular interest because of the fluid and electrolyte abnormalities peculiar to the newborn infant.B.G.P. was admitted to the Children's Hospital Medical Center at 20 hours of age, with a history of increasing hyperpnea since 3 hours of age. The patient's mother had taken 15–18 gm. . . .
Initial Observations of the Effect of Radiotherapy on Epidemic Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Jay S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Fifteen patients who had Kaposi's sarcoma in conjunction with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) received radiotherapy to a total of 17 selected lesions. All tumors exhibited at least partial regression, and the majority responded completely. The radiosensitivity of these lesions is similar to that observed in the classic form of the disease. We conclude that in appropriately selected cases radiotherapy should be considered the treatment of choice. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:934-935)
What Component of Prenatal Care Is Responsible for Improved Outcome?
Authors: Robert C. Wallach
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Kogan and colleagues<sup>1</sup>attempts to answer an oft-repeated question: What component of prenatal care leads to improved outcome of the newborn? The authors appropriately cite multiple sources that indicate that adequate utilization of prenatal care is associated with improved birth weight and lower risk of preterm delivery. The article suggests that "sufficient health behavior advice" lowers the risk of delivering low-birth-weight infants. Despite the large number of patients surveyed by questionnaire and the appropriate statistical analysis of their study, I am not convinced that any message or teaching, no matter how dynamic or well conceived, has a direct organic impact on the successful outcome of pregnancy. Enthusiasm and effort by obstetricians and related health care providers are, indeed, associated with improved access to the health care system for pregnant women and better outcomes.<sup>2</sup>However, the variability in training, experience, and other
Prophylaxis Against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Children With HIV
Authors: Stephen A. Raphael
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In its recent "Guidelines for Prophylaxis Against<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia [PCP] for Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]," the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Working Group on PCP Prophylaxis in Children<sup>1</sup>mentions that, "Some patients with documented adverse reactions to TMPSMX [trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole] have been successfully desensitized," but makes no recommendation regarding its possible use for prophylaxis before considering one of the "alternative regimens." The group recommended that readministration of the drug not be attempted if "life-threatening toxicity (anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or hypotension) occurs." Since a life-threatening toxic reaction is rare,<sup>2</sup>even if the drug is continued after appearance of early symptoms<sup>3,4</sup>and none of the alternative regimens for PCP prophylaxis are proven to be as effective as TMP-SMX, we believe that, at least in children, hyposensitization deserves consideration as the recommended first approach in cases of TMPSMX hypersensitivity. Although there has been no
Insulin-Receptor Activity in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Urbanized South African Black Women
Authors: Vanessa R Panz, Barry I Joffe, Jeffrey R Wing, Frederick J Raal, Harold C Seftel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To evaluate insulin receptor binding characteristics of urbanized South African black women with normal glucose tolerance and of patients with newly diagnosed untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (N1DDM). Research Design and Methods Four groups of 10 subjects each were selected by the following criteria: group A, young (20-39 yr) nonobese (body mass index [BMI] 19.0-24.9 kg/m2) nondiabetic women; group B, middleaged (40–60 yr) nonobese nondiabetic women; group C, middle-aged obese (BMI&amp;gt;30.0 kg/m2) nondiabetic women; and group D, middle-aged obese newly diagnosed but untreated female patients with NIDDM. Insulin binding to monocyte receptors was determined by radioreceptor assay. Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-pep tide, and nones terified fatty acids. Results In the four groups studied, maximum specific binding and receptor concentration were highest in group A, with a progressive and significant decrease in values through groups B and C to group D. Significant inverse correlations were obtained between maximum specific binding, 50% inhibition dose, and total receptor concentration on the one hand and glucose, insulin, and NEFA on the other. Conclusions Our study of urban South African black women showed decreasing insulin-receptor activity with obesity and glucose intolerance. In patients with NIDDM, hyperglycemia and (β-cell dysfunction were associated with a reduction in receptor concentration. In this regard, our findings in South African blacks are consistent with results of similar studies of NIDDM in other communities.
Intermittent Disappearance of the Murmur of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: WILLIAM SHAPIRO, SAMI I. SAID, PHILLIP L. NOVA
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Transient spontaneous disappearance of the machinery murmur in an otherwise typical case of patent ductus arteriosus unassociated with pulmonary hypertension is described. Observations of blood pressure changes, physiologic dead space variations in the upright and horizontal postures, and the anatomy of the ductus arteriosus suggested that shunt flow was absent or markedly reduced during the periods in which the murmur was inaudible.
Clindamycin in the Treatment of Serious Anaerobic Infections
Authors: ROBERT J. FASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Nineteen adult patients with serious anaerobic infections were treated with 1.2 to 2.7 g/day of parenteral clindamycin. Five received aminoglycoside antibiotics concomitantly because of mixed infection with Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, and 15 underwent therapeutic surgical procedures. Cures were obtained in five patients with actinomycosis, four of five with pneumonia and empyema, one with a lung abscess, three with osteomyelitis, and five with abscesses or soft-tissue infections, or both; one patient with pneumonia and empyema relapsed when therapy was discontinued. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clindamycin for the patients' anaerobic isolates were 0.01 to 0.62 µg/ml. The serum concentrations of clindamycin were many times higher than the MIC of the clinical isolates from this study and the MIC of nearly all other anaerobic isolates previously reported in the literature. During therapy anaerobic pathogens could not be isolated, except from the single patient who subsequently relapsed. Clindamycin was well tolerated and generally nontoxic, although two patients developed rashes, necessitating its withdrawal. Clindamycin should be considered a primary antibiotic for the treatment of anaerobic infections.