tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A strong familiality of ankylosing spondylitis through several generations
Authors: A. J. Geirsson, K. Kristjansson, B. Gudbjornsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To elucidate the familiality of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Iceland. <h3>Methods</h3> The Icelandic genealogy database and population-wide data on all living Icelanders diagnosed as having AS (n=280), who previously had taken part in an epidemiological study on the prevalence of AS in Iceland, were included in the study. Identification of all interpatient relationships in the genealogy database allowed calculation of estimates of the RR for AS in the first-degree relatives (FDRs) to fourth-degree relatives of patients. For each AS proband, 1000 sets of matched Icelandic subjects in the genealogy database were used as controls. <h3>Results</h3> FDRs, second-degree and third-degree relatives had RRs of 75.5, 20.2 and 3.5, respectively (all p values &lt;0.0001), indicating a significantly increased risk for relatives of the patients with AS to develop AS, suggesting a strong heritable factor, while the fourth-degree relatives had a RR of 1.04 (p=0.476) for having AS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with AS in Iceland are significantly more related to each other than to randomly sampled control subjects. This is in agreement with previous reports on the familiality of AS, but the present study has more power and extends over larger familiar cohorts than previously reported.
Laparoscopic hernia surgery linked to increased complications
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1999)

New UK research has prompted calls for hernia surgery to return to the domain of general surgeons and the use of open repair rather than laparoscopic procedures.

The findings come from a 26 centre, randomised trial by the Medical Research Council Laparoscopic Hernia Group, which compared laparoscopic surgery for hernia with open procedures in more …
Temporal trends in orchidopexy, Great Britain, 1992-1998.
Authors: Mireille B Toledano, Anna L Hansell, Lars Jarup, Mike Quinn, Susan Jick, Paul Elliott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Concern has been expressed in recent years about worsening male reproductive health, possibly mediated by increasing exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting agents. Trends suggested large increases in cryptorchidism in Britain and the United States between the 1950s and 1980s, although published data on recent trends have been scarce. We examined numbers of orchidopexy procedures, as a marker for cryptorchidism, using routine hospital admission data for England, Wales, and Scotland for fiscal years 1992-1993 through 1998-1999. Annual trends in orchidopexy rates were analyzed by age, in-patient admission versus day case, and geographical region. Orchidopexy rates were also obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) for England to cross-validate the hospital admissions data. Orchidopexy rates for boys 0-14 years old fell by 33% (from 23.5 to 15.8 per 10,000 population) between 1992 and 1998, with the steepest decline (50%) in 5-9-year-olds. The decreasing trend for 0-14-year-olds was evident in every region in England, in Wales, and in Scotland. Rates remained stable for men 15 or more years old, at 0.7 per 10,000. There was a marked shift from in-patient to day-case procedures. Rates from the GPRD showed a similar downward trend to the hospital data. Our findings could represent either an underlying decrease in the frequency of undescended testis or a fairly dramatic improvement in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism--resulting in fewer orchidopexies performed for retractile testis--in Great Britain during the 1990s, or both. Either way, our findings do not support the postulate of a recent worsening of male reproductive health of the scale suggested by some recent commentators on the endocrine disruptor hypothesis.
Alternaria-derived serine protease activity drives IL-33–mediated asthma exacerbations
Authors: Robert J. Snelgrove, Lisa G. Gregory, Teresa Peiró, Samia Akthar, Gaynor A. Campbell, Simone A. Walker, Clare M. Lloyd
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

The fungal allergen Alternaria alternata is implicated in severe asthma and rapid onset life-threatening exacerbations of disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie this severe pathogenicity remain unclear.We sought to investigate the mechanism whereby Alternaria was capable of initiating severe, rapid onset allergic inflammation.IL-33 levels were quantified in wild-type and ST2(-/-) mice that lacked the IL-33 receptor given inhaled house dust mite, cat dander, or Alternaria, and the effect of inhibiting allergen-specific protease activities on IL-33 levels was assessed. An exacerbation model of allergic airway disease was established whereby mice were sensitized with house dust mite before subsequently being challenged with Alternaria (with or without serine protease activity), and inflammation, remodeling, and lung function assessed 24 hours later.Alternaria, but not other common aeroallergens, possessed intrinsic serine protease activity that elicited the rapid release of IL-33 into the airways of mice through a mechanism that was dependent upon the activation of protease activated receptor-2 and adenosine triphosphate signaling. The unique capacity of Alternaria to drive this early IL-33 release resulted in a greater pulmonary inflammation by 24 hours after challenge relative to the common aeroallergen house dust mite. Furthermore, this Alternaria serine protease-IL-33 axis triggered a rapid, augmented inflammation, mucus release, and loss of lung function in our exacerbation model.Alternaria-specific serine protease activity causes rapid IL-33 release, which underlies the development of a robust TH2 inflammation and exacerbation of allergic airway disease.
Trace metals in occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed individuals.
Authors: D E Johnson, J B Tillery, R J Prevost
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

An epidemiological survey was conducted in Houston, Texas on five trace metals in policemen, parking garage attendants, women living near freeways and three control groups of subjects. The controls were matched with the exposed groups for covariate information such as age, sex, smoking habits, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, hair color, and education. Each subject was sampled four times for blood, urine, hair, and feces, and these samples were analyzed for lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese, and copper. Lead and cadmium were correlated with airborne exposures but zinc, manganese and copper were not. The second part of this paper deals with a market study of platinum and palladium markets and a design of an epidemiology survey of individuals occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed to these two metals. The market survey shows that although the catalytic muffler will have a major impact on the market, it is predicted that producers can meet these demands.
Role of Saliva, Urine and Feces in the Transmission of Type B Hepatitis
Authors: Víctor M. Villarejos, Kirsten A. Visoná, Gutiérrez D. Alvaro, Rodríguez A. Antonio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

To identify vehicles of transmission of Type B hepatitis virus, feces, urine and saliva of chronic carriers of the hepatitis antigens and patients with acute Type B hepatitis were examined by radioimmunoassay and counterelectrophoresis. Antibody to the antigen was detected by passive hemagglutination. The antigen was found in none of 120 fecal extracts and in only three of 130 urine specimens from antigenemic carriers, but was present in the saliva of 76 per cent of patients with acute hepatitis during the first three weeks after clinical onset, and in 86 per cent of chronic carriers intermittently. thirty-five per cent of sneeze samples from antigenemic patients were antigen positive. Antibody was found in saliva early during clinical disease — probably a mechanism limiting infectiveness, as well as during convalescence. Saliva is probably the main vehicle of infection in non-parenterally acquired Type B hepatitis. Transmission may be either airborne, through large droplets expelled by sneezing and coughing, or directly from mouth-to-mouth by kissing or by exchange of chewed toys and candies among children. (N Engl J Med 291: 1375–1378, 1974)
Mechanism for the Abnormal Energetics of Pressure-Induced Hypertrophy of Cat Myocardium
Authors: GEORGE COOPER, RICHARD M. SATAVA, CARLOS E. HARRISON, HENRY Neal COLEMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Depressed myocardial contractility with paradoxically increased oxygen consumption has been demonstrated in previous studies of pressure overload hypertrophy. To determine whether altered mitochondrial respiration participates in the abnormal energetics of this muscle, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was produced in 12 cats by pulmonary artery banding. A polarographic muscle bath was used to study eight control and eight RVH papillary muscles, and the respiration of mitochondria isolated from these right ventricles was characterized. RVH muscles demonstrated depressed force-velocity and length-tension curves. The myocardial oxygen consumption per gram of peak active tension was increased from 0.65 ± 0.05 nliters/mg beat -1 (control) to 1.10±0.07 nliters/mg beat -1 (RVH) ( P &lt;0.001). Abnormal mitochondrial respiration was shown by an increase in the rate of state 4 oxygen consumption from 12.5±0.8 natoms/mg min -1 (control) to 19.9±0.8 natoms/mg min -1 (RVH) ( P &lt; 0.001). The altered oxygen cost of active isometric tension in the RVH muscles was linearly correlated with the altered rate of mitochondrial state 4 oxygen consumption ( r = 0.91). Ruthenium red, a compound that blocks mitochondrial calcium uptake, reduced the rate of RVH state 4 oxygen consumption to the control level. The present study suggests a mechanism for the abnormal myocardial oxygen consumption in pressure overload hypertrophy and relates it to nonphosphorylating mitochondrial respiration linked to calcium transport.
American Medical Bibliography 1693-1783.
Authors: Warren Albert
Journal: JAMA (1963)

As the preface states, this is a "chronological catalogue, and critical and bibliographical study of books, pamphlets, broadsides, and articles in periodical publications relating to the medical sciences—medicine, surgery, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine—printed in the present territory of the United States of America during British Dominion and the Revolutionary War." Dr. Guerra, in his introduction, documents his reasons for presenting the bibliography and describes the limits placed on the work. He notes 719 books, pamphlets and broadsides, 506 "almanacks" in which items of medical interest appear, and 224 periodicals and newspapers which carried advertisements and articles of medical interest in their various issues. In addition, there are 187 clearly reproduced photographs of title pages and broadsides noted in the text, and numerous special tables indicating by name and year the colonial laws, statutes, authorship of the various books, pamphlets, etc. There is a very good name index. This excellent
Gastrointestinal intraluminal pH in normal subjects and those with colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.
Authors: G Pye, D F Evans, S Ledingham, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Gut (1990)

Recent evidence suggests that the production of colorectal carcinogens is facilitated when the pH of the colonic contents is alkaline. It follows that the colonic intraluminal pH of patients with colorectal neoplasms should be higher than in normal subjects. Gastrointestinal pH has been measured in 30 patients with colorectal cancer and 37 patients with benign colorectal adenomas (using a pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule). These values have been compared with those recorded in 66 normal subjects. No differences in gastrointestinal pH were found and the results did not support the hypothesis that colonic pH plays a role in the aetiology of colorectal neoplasia.
FDA official resigns over emergency contraception decision
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The assistant commissioner for women's health at the US Food and Drug Administration, Susan Wood, has resigned after the agency's announcement on 26 August 2005 that it was to postpone a decision on over the counter emergency contraception for teenagers ( BMJ 2005;330: 1466-7, 25 Jun). This was despite the fact that it had promised US senators that it would decide by 1 September, and the drug had …
Active Bed Management by Hospitalists and Emergency Department Throughput
Authors: Eric Howell, Edward Bessman, Steven Kravet, Ken Kolodner, Robert Marshall, Scott Wright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: When emergency departments are overcrowded, ambulances are diverted. Interventions focused primarily on emergency departments have had limited success. Objective: To discover whether an active bed management, quality improvement initiative could reduce ambulance diversion hours and emergency department throughput times. Design: Pre–post study that compared institutional data from November 2006 to February 2007 (intervention period) with data from November 2005 to February 2006 (control period). Setting: Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Patients: All adult patients registered in the emergency department during the study periods. Intervention: Active bed management is a hospitalist-led, multifaceted intervention that consists of proactive management of hospital and departmental resources, including twice-daily bed management rounds in the intensive care unit and regular visits to the emergency department to assess congestion and flow; assignment of all admissions to the department of medicine and facilitating transfer from the emergency department to the appropriate care setting; and support from the "bed director," who can mobilize additional resources in real time to augment hospital capacity to address emergency department throughput problems. Measurements: Emergency department throughput times and ambulance diversion hours. Results: The emergency department census was 8.8% higher during the intervention period than in the control period (17 573 patients vs. 16 148 patients). Throughput for patients who were admitted decreased by 98 minutes (SD, 10) (from 458 minutes in the control period to 360 minutes during the intervention period). Throughput for patients who were not admitted did not change (274 minutes vs. 269 minutes). The percentage of hours that the emergency department was on "yellow alert" (ambulance diversion because of emergency department crowding) decreased 6%, and the percentage of hours on "red alert" (ambulance diversion due to lack of intensive care unit beds in the hospital) decreased 27%. Staffing, length of stay, case-mix index, intensive care unit transfer rates, and mortality rates were stable across the 2 periods. Limitations: Pre–post designs are less effective than randomized, controlled trials on the study design hierarchy, and unidentified external forces may have influenced the results. The study was done at a single hospital, and the findings may not be generalizable to other institutions. Conclusion: Emergency department throughput and diversion status improved with the implementation of an active bed management process coordinated by hospitalists.
Elevated HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels (5.7% to 6.4%) had low accuracy for diagnosing prediabetes
Authors: Yogish C. Kudva, Ananda Basu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club15 March 2011Elevated HbA1c levels (5.7% to 6.4%) had low accuracy for diagnosing prediabetesYogish C. Kudva, MD, Ananda Basu, MDYogish C. Kudva, MDMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (Y.C.K., A.B.)Search for more papers by this author, Ananda Basu, MDMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (Y.C.K., A.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMann DM, Carson AP, Shimbo D, et al. Impact of A1C screening criterion on the diagnosis of pre-diabetes among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2190-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20628087Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Cohen RM, Haggerty S, Herman WH. HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes: is it time for a mid-course correction? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:5203-6. [PMID: 21131541] Google Scholar2 Perreault L, Bergman BC, Playdon MC, et al. Impaired fasting glucose with or without impaired glucose tolerance: progressive or parallel states of prediabetes? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;295:E428-35. [PMID: 18523123] Google Scholar3 Meigs JB, Nathan DM, D’Agostino RB Sr, Wilson PW; Framingham Offspring Study. Fasting and postchallenge glycemia and cardiovascular disease risk: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1845-50. [PMID: 12351489] Google Scholar4 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403. [PMID: 11832527] Google Scholar5 Gallego PH, Craig ME, Duffin AC, et al. Association between p.Leu54Met polymorphism at the paraoxonase-1 gene and plantar fascia thickness in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1585-9. [PMID: 18469206] Google Scholar6 Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:580-91. [PMID: 18256393] Google Scholar7 Stewart-Brown S, Farmer A. Screening could seriously damage your health. BMJ 1997;314:533-534. [PMID: 9055702] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (Y.C.K., A.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 March 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 2011Volume 154, Issue 6Page: JC3-11KeywordsBlood plasmaGlucoseHbA1cHealth economicsHealth surveysHemoglobinRenal diseasesSpecificityType 2 diabetesWeight loss ePublished: 15 March 2011 Issue Published: 15 March 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Castleman's disease and lymphoma: Report of eight cases in HIV‐negative patients and literature review
Authors: Claire Larroche, Patrice Cacoub, Jean Soulier, Eric Oksenhendler, Jean‐Pierre Clauvel, Jean‐Charles Piette, Martine Raphael
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare atypical lymphoproliferative disorder associated with a risk of developing malignant lymphoma. We have recorded 8 HIV‐negative patients presenting this association, 6 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 2 with Hodgkin's disease (HD). After literature review, we analyzed all reported cases of association CD–NHL ( n = 23) and CD–HD ( n = 27). NHL is more often associated with multicentric CD, its diagnosis being concurrent with CD diagnosis or occurring within 2 years. B‐NHL is predominant (71%), and mantle cell lymphoma represents 40% of these B‐NHL cases. NHL displays an aggressive course and is liable for death, especially in multicentric CD. HD occurs in localized CD of plasma cell type, usually in the same areas, is more often of interfollicular subtype, and its clinical course seems better than NHL. The association of CD and lymphoma seems to be more than coincidental, and its pathogenesis is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 69:119–126, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Hormonal and Local Regulation of Bone Formation*
Authors: ERNESTO CANALIS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

DURING the past several years, a considerable amount of knowledge has been obtained about the control of bone formation by hormones, growth factors, and local regulatory factors. However, these agents have complex, direct and indirect effects on bone, and our understanding of the regulation of bone formation is still incomplete. This is also due to discrepancies between the in vitro or direct effects of hormones and their in vivo effects, which may be mediated by indirect mechanisms. Another problem in the study of bone formation has been related to a paucity in the development of appropriate in vitro models. Recently, methods have been developed to study the synthesis of DNA and collagen by cultured bones in order to examine effects on bone cell replication and matrix formation. These methods have allowed the study of the direct effects of hormones on these two important parameters of bone growth and this has been a large effort of several laboratories in recent years.
WTAP is a novel oncogenic protein in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: H Bansal, Q Yihua, S P Iyer, S Ganapathy, D Proia, L O Penalva, P J Uren, U Suresh, J S Carew, A B Karnad, S Weitman, G E Tomlinson, M K Rao, S M Kornblau, S Bansal
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Statistical Approach to Planning an Integrated Haemodialysis/Transplantation Programme
Authors: S. C. Farrow, D. J. H. Fisher, D. B. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A mathematical model has been constructed to assist in planning the future requirements of a combined haemodialysis and transplantation centre. It has been used to predict the number of patients in the dialysis unit, the general wards, and at home on dialysis, as well as providing further information on transplantation rates and overall costs. The model can be adapted for units with different facilities from our own.It can be primed with data from an individual unit or with pooled data from the whole country. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology of a particular statistical approach.
For Deliberate Election: Cesarean Sections in the 1890s
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

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Psychiatric Problems in Obese Children Followed up for 10 Years-Reply
Authors: Leonard H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Schindler comments on two aspects of the rate of obese children developing major psychiatric problems during the 10-year follow-up reported by us. He questions whether obese children typically develop psychiatric problems by early adulthood at the rate observed. The study we completed was not designed to assess this question, and we are not aware of epidemiologic studies that have evaluated this risk. Schindler also questions whether the rate reported may have been due in part to the use of behavior modification treatments. While there are no data on negative sequelae of behavior modification treatment of obesity in children, the types of family-based behavior modification treatments used in this study are similar to those that have been developed and used successfully in treatment of child psychopathology, and thus do not seem likely to induce pathological effects. Research on dieting and depression in adults<sup>1</sup>does not suggest that behavior