tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPINAL LOCALIZATIONAS SHOWN BY A CASE OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC MENINGOMYELITIS, WITH SECONDARY SOFTENING AND CAVITY FORMATION.
Authors: JAMES HENDRIE LLOYD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The case which furnishes the text for this paper occurred recently in my service at the Philadelphia Hospital. It supplies some valuable data for spinal localization at the seventh and eighth dorsal segments. It also presents a unique example of rapidly fatal hemorrhagic meningomyelitis, with extensive secondary softening and cavity formation, originating in the lumbar cord and stopping abruptly in the eighth dorsal segment. There is seldom seen, I believe, a case of acute myelitis of such distinct localizing value, nor one which presents such a rapidly fatal course from apparently slight beginnings. I report the case because, first, there still seems to be a demand for more accurate localization at and about the neighborhood of the umbilicus, and, second, because the sections are of such great interest from the pathologic standpoint, raising the question, as they do, of a possible acute syphilis of the cord. <h3>Patient.</h3> —S. P., male,
Malaria on the Rise
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholinergic Therapy of Chronic Heartburn
Authors: RAYMOND L. FARRELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Oral bethanechol has been shown to produce a sustained rise in lower esophageal sphincter pressure. We studied its effect on 20 patients with chronic heartburn refractory to usual therapy. All patients had a positive Bernstein test and manometric evidence of lower esophageal sphincter incompetence. In a randomized double-blind crossover study, each patient received either 25 mg bethanechol or placebo four times/day for 2 months; after a 2-month rest period the opposite treatment (drug or placebo) was given for 2 months. The patients' symptoms were evaluated each month of the study. Antacid, taken ad lib., was quantitated monthly. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in heartburn symptoms and decreased antacid use during bethanechol therapy. Bethanechol may be a welcome addition to therapy of refractory heartburn.
THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
Authors: CARL F. CORI
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Epinephrine has been studied extensively as a physiologic and as a pharmacologic agent. The subject has wide ramifications, and only what appear to be the most significant findings can be discussed in the space available. <h3>ISOLATION OF EPINEPHRINE</h3> The staining reactions described by Vulpian (green color with ferric chloride) and by Henle (brownish yellow color with dichromates) offered the first evidence for the presence in the medulla of the adrenal gland of a substance absent from most other tissues. Following the observation by Oliver and Schäfer<sup>1</sup>of the remarkable pressor effect of extracts of the adrenal medulla, intensive efforts were made to isolate the blood pressure-raising principle. Takamine<sup>2</sup>and Aldrich<sup>3</sup>isolated the free base, while Abel<sup>4</sup>reported the isolation of a crystalline substance, which was later shown to be a benzoyl derivative formed during isolation. The name "epinephrine," proposed by Abel for this derivative, was subsequently
Commentary: role of hydration in health and exercise
Authors: T. D. Noakes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Timothy Noakes: dehydration’s only symptom is thirst—the effect of which is to induce drinking 

GALLO IMAGES/ FOTO24/ LOANNA HOFFMAN/ GETTY 

Water is the major constituent of the human body and the total body water content is tightly regulated. The goal is to ensure that the water content of the cells and hence their size remains within a homeostatically regulated range.

Humans evolved as long distance persistence hunters on the arid savannahs of south and east Africa. We inherited the capacity to regulate our body temperatures during prolonged exercise in dry heat despite quite large reductions in total body water—no other mammal has the equivalent capacity.

Humans do not regulate fluid balance on a moment to moment basis. Because of our evolutionary history, we are delayed drinkers and correct the fluid deficits generated by exercise at, for example, the next meal, when the electrolyte (principally sodium but also potassium) deficits are also corrected.1 As a result, there is no need to completely replace any fluid deficit as it develops either at rest or during exercise. Instead people optimise their hydration status by drinking according to the dictates of thirst.

Over the past 40 years humans have been misled—mainly by the marketing departments of companies selling sports drinks—to believe that they need to drink to stay “ahead of thirst” to be optimally hydrated. In fact, relatively …
Physiological Findings in Schizophrenia
Authors: Leopold Bellak
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  I was dismayed to find aJournaleditorial of Nov 2, 1963 ( 186 :510) joining the chorus of misconceived etiological notions concerning physiological variations found in schizophrenic patients.  Physiological differences found so far have either simply not been substantiated, or, if established, have been the secondary result of the schizophrenic condition; the result of peculiarities of diet, of long hospitalization, of the absence of exercise, of the presence of tremendous psychological stress, etc. As mentioned in the editorial, long-time prisoners under stress of appearing before the parole board showed the same increase in macroglobulins as the schizophrenics. Among other investigations, work done in recent years under Kety at the National Institute of Mental Health has shown that many hopeful physiological notions concerning schizophrenics (which had been highly touted in both the professional and the popular press) were actually artifacts.  We must not stop looking for physiological factors,
Pigment epithelium–derived factor regulates the vasculature and mass of the prostate and pancreas
Authors: Jennifer A Doll, Veronica M Stellmach, Noël P Bouck, Anders RJ Bergh, Chung Lee, Lisa P Abramson, Mona L Cornwell, Michael R Pins, Jayme Borensztajn, Susan E Crawford
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
A Demonstration of a New and Original Method of Making Casts: Given before the Surgical Section of the British Medical Association at Edinburgh, July, 1898
Authors: Geo. A. Peters
Journal: BMJ (1898)

THz BJz .62Iwith panophthalmitis in 5 cases, septic infiltration of the cornea in 3 cases, irido-cyclitis in i, and glaucoma in 5.In 6o cases iritis occurred, ending ir. recovery in 41 cases, in occlusion in 13 cases, and in partial occlusion in 6 cases.
The Tallis Case
Authors: David T. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I approach my responsibilities of teaching cardiology to medical students and house officers with some ambivalence. Of course, I have always enjoyed and usually learned something from my contacts with these young colleagues, but lately their emphasis seems to be entirely on technical procedures. Few of my charges express an interest in entering full-time solo practice; most are not enthusiastic about honing their skills in bedside physical diagnosis. None believes in house calls. I can remember making house calls on people who were too poor for a society doctor but too proud for the clinic. My mind can still conjure up the kind of call I'd get, almost always at night. "Doctor, can you come? Quick! It's Zadhr, he's not feeling too good." "What seems to be the trouble?" "How should I know? He just doesn't feel good. Please come." It was usually more a plea than a command. I'd
PILLOW FOR OPERATIONS ON THE SPINE
Authors: M. M. Knowles
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In operations on the spine, the position of the patient on the table is one that is not conducive to free movement of the chest and the respirations are more or less interfered with. In our experience we have found that cyanosis occurs in a considerable percentage of these cases at some time during the operation. We have employed ethylene-oxygen in some cases and nitrous oxide-oxygen-ether in others. We felt for a long time that the pressure on the costal cartilages and the compression of the epigastrium were the important factors interfering with respirations. With this in mind we devised the horseshoe pillow shown in the accompanying illustrations. This pillow may be used with or without the Scanlon-Morris head rest. The pillow is made of rubber sheeting stuffed with curled hair. It is so designed that the outer margin of the pillow is approximately 3 inches in depth
Does family always matter? Public genomes and their effect on relatives
Authors: Cinnamon S Bloss
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

Coinciding with the publication of the genome sequence of the HeLa cancer cell line last summer [1], US National Institutes of Health (NIH) administrators announced that they had been working closely with the family of Henrietta Lacks [2], the woman from whom the HeLa immortal cell line was derived, to address the family's concerns regarding privacy and informed consent.NIH officials noted that 'the full [HeLa] sequence data could potentially uncover unwanted information about people whose identity is widely known' -namely the family of Ms Lacks [2].Such unwanted information could include disease risks, response to drugs, ancestral roots, and in some cases an individual's actual identity [3].This article followed on the heels of another study published in March of this year that likewise presented a detailed account of the HeLa genome and included public posting of the data [4].Days after publication of that article, a firestorm of commentary erupted on social media [5,6] and formal news outlets, questioning the ethics of the study and public deposition of the data.The posting of the data also reportedly upset the Lacks family, with one family member quoted as saying, 'That is private family information…It shouldn't have been published without our consent ' [7].The NIH responded by entering into a much needed dialogue with the Lacks family to address these concerns.These events call attention to the issue of the impact of public release of an individual's identified data on biological family members, and the need for empirical research in this area to inform policy-making with regard to data sharing.
Body Compositional Changes in Response to Testosterone
Authors: Gregg Coodley, Linn Goldberg, Diane L. Elliot
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article, Forbes et al<sup>1</sup>reported a trial of testosterone enanthate in seven healthy volunteers, noting a transient coincident increase in lean body mass and decrease in body fat. The authors seemed to imply that steroids are more effective than exercise in increasing lean body mass.<sup>1</sup>We are concerned that this article may give the impression that anabolic steroids are a safe and reasonable approach to increasing muscle mass with minimal untoward clinical effects. Anabolic steroids have several potential adverse side effects.<sup>2,3</sup>We would be interested in knowing whether there was any effect on blood pressure, hepatic enzymes, or mood in this study. Anabolic steroids also adversely affect lipid profiles.<sup>2,3</sup>Were these measured before or after the study? In addition, because illicit use of anabolic steroids often is to increase strength as well as mass, it is important to note that
Art, Surgery and Transplantation
Authors: Robert McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In<i>Art, Surgery and Transplantation</i>, Sir Roy Calne alludes to the identical twins Cosmos and Damian, patron saints of surgery who reportedly transplanted a leg from a corpse to a member of the church with cancer, a "tour de force" depicted by Fra Angelica with eloquent simplicity. Likewise, the ancient mythological Chimera, a beast with the head of a lion and the tail of a dragon, became the symbol of transplantation—a fantasy born in mythology, reared in the surgical research laboratory, and nurtured by pioneering surgeons until it came to embody practical routine procedures in the management of end-stage organ failure. Calne—Surgeon, dreamer, pioneering researcher, artist, and art historian—now tells the story of transplantation from infancy to maturity, narratively and visually with selected works of art, some by old masters but mostly his own paintings and sketches. Sir Roy's interest in art "has been influenced by witnessing the extreme bravery, suffering, elation, and happiness during
Histopathologic Variability Between the Right and Left Lobes of the Liver in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Roux-en-Y Bypass
Authors: Steven P. Larson, Steven P. Bowers, Nicole A. Palekar, John A. Ward, Joseph P. Pulcini, Stephen A. Harrison
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen
Authors: W. H. York
Journal: JAMA (1962)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis is a fairly common disease in the college age group. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in a case, however, is still of such rarity and importance to warrant reporting it in some detail, together with a review of 45 simil aicases found in the literature. Report of a Case A 21-year-old male student was admitted to the infirmary Oct. 26, 1960, with the chief complaint of fever, sore throat, and fatigue of about a week's duration. Examination revealed a tall, slender male with enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes, a diffusely reddened pharynx with a few petechial spots on the soft palate, a temperature of 102° F. (38.9° C), pulse rate of 90, and blood pressure level of 100/90 mm. Hg. He was placed on bed rest with acetylsalicylic acid therapy. Over the next 2 days the temperature fluctuated between 99.6° and 102° F. (37.6° and 38.9° C), and
Unusual painful sclerotic plaques on the legs of a patient with late diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type I
Authors: G. Herrmann, T. Krieg, M. Weber, H. Sidhu, B. Hoppe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

mepolizumab was effective in reducing eosinophil levels, but was ineffective in improving bronchial hyper-reactivity, and consequently the role of eosinophils as inflammatory effector cells in that condition has been questioned. 9 In contrast, mepolizumab gave effective control of eosinophilic dermatitis in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome. 10 In the present case, a single dose of mepolizumab gave complete symptomatic relief, while the retroauricular nodule responded only to a minor degree.The duration of benefit lasted approximately 3 weeks.Anti-IL-5 therapy was associated with a normalization of spontaneous IL-5 release by the patient's PBMC and of the in vitro eosinophil death response.The rebound phenomenon, also seen in the patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome, 10 suggests that mepolizumab should be administered every 3-4 weeks.As no notable sideeffects were seen, mepolizumab may be a potential treatment for ALHE.However, future studies are necessary to assess long-term reactions.
2 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence is an early and severe event in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)
Authors: M. Garcia-Retortillo, X. Forms, J.M. Llovet, M. Navasa, A. Massaguer, A. Feliu, M. Bruguera, J. Fuster, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas, A. Rimola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Detectable Serum Cardiac Troponin T as a Marker of Poor Prognosis Among Patients With Chronic Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Adam Torbicki, Marcin Kurzyna, Paweł Kuca, Anna Fijałkowska, Jarosław Sikora, Michał Florczyk, Piotr Pruszczyk, Janusz Burakowski, Lilianna Wawrzyńska
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Right ventricular failure is a leading cause of death in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). We checked whether detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a specific marker of myocyte injury, could be useful in prognostic stratification of those patients.Initial evaluation of 56 clinically stable patients (age 41+/-15 years) with pulmonary arterial (51 patients) or inoperable chronic thromboembolic (5 patients) PH (mean pulmonary arterial pressure 60+/-18 mm Hg) included cTnT test, allowing detection of its serum levels > or =0.01 ng/mL [cTnT(+)]. cTnT was detectable in 8 of 56 (14%) patients (mean+/-SD, 0.034+/-0.022; range, 0.010 to 0.077 ng/mL). Despite similar pulmonary hemodynamics, they had higher heart rate (92+/-15 versus 76+/-14 bpm, P=0.004), lower mixed venous oxygen saturation (50+/-10% versus 57+/-9%, P=0.04), and higher serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (4528+/-3170 versus 2054+/-2168 pg/mL, P=0.03) and walked less during the 6-minute walk test (298+/-132 versus 396+/-101 m, P=0.02). Cumulative survival estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves was significantly worse at 24 months in cTnT(+) compared with cTnT(-) (29% versus 81%, respectively, log-rank test P=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed cTnT status (hazard ratio, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.18 to 20.29; P=0.03), 6-minute walk test (hazard ratio, 0.93 for each 10 m; P=0.01), and pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio, 1.13; P=0.01) as independent markers of mortality. All 3 cTnT(+) patients who survived the follow-up period converted to cTnT(-) during treatment.Detectable cTnT is a so-far ignored independent marker of increased mortality risk in patients with chronic precapillary PH, supporting the role of progressive myocyte injury in the vicious circle leading to hemodynamic destabilization.
A2.18 Dysregulated BTK expression in peripheral blood B lymphocytes in systemic autoimmune disease
Authors: OBJ Corneth, MJW de Bruijn, SC Bijer-Liefers, K de Leeuw, FGM Kroese, H Bootsma, LP Kil, RW Hendriks
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Pharmacological inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), which delivers crucial survival signals from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in B cells, effectively prevents or ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune arthritis in mouse models. Conversely, increased BTK expression in B cells induces an SLE-like disease phenotype in transgenic mice. Given the crucial role of Btk in murine SLE pathogenesis, in this report we quantified BTK expression levels in human peripheral blood B cells from healthy controls and SLE patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Intracellular BTK expression levels were quantified by intracellular flow cytometry in several peripheral B cell subsets in SLE patients and healthy controls <i>ex vivo</i> and upon stimulation <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Results</h3> In agreement with previous findings in the mouse, BTK protein expression in naïve B cells from both healthy individuals and SLE patients was upregulated upon BCR stimulation <i>in vitro</i>. When we quantified BTK expression in different peripheral blood subsets in healthy controls, we observed that BTK expression was significantly higher in CD27<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>+</sup> non-switched memory B cells than in CD27<sup>-</sup>IgD<sup>+</sup> naive B cells. However, BTK protein levels in non-switched memory B cells from SLE patients were lower compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, we found that the proportions of circulating IgD<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>+</sup> non-switched memory B cells, which were previously found to be reduced in SLE patients irrespective of disease activity, inversely correlated with disease duration in SLE patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Taken together, this study delivers the first evidence that BTK expression is altered in SLE patients. We are currently studying Btk levels in B cells from patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren’s syndrome.
Guidelines for treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: A ANDRIULLI, F PERRI, V ANNESE, G LEANDRO
Journal: Gut (1999)

Editor,—The British Society of Gastroenterology should be congratulated for commissioning the guidelines on the management of acute pancreatitis ( Gut 1998; 42 (suppl 2):S1–13). However, in this document the clinically relevant issue of drug treatment of acute pancreatitis has not been reviewed in depth. Although we agree that current treatment of severe necrotising pancreatitis is unsatisfactory, we do not share the opinion that beyond resuscitation and support there is no agreed specific treatment. We would like remind members of the …
Potential applications for biguanides in oncology
Authors: Michael Pollak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Metformin is widely prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes. Recently, it has been proposed that this compound or related biguanides may have antineoplastic activity. Biguanides may exploit specific metabolic vulnerabilities of transformed cells by acting on them directly, or may act by indirect mechanisms that involve alterations of the host environment. Preclinical data suggest that drug exposure levels are a key determinant of proposed direct actions. With respect to indirect mechanisms, it will be important to determine whether recently demonstrated metformin-induced changes in levels of candidate systemic mediators such as insulin or inflammatory cytokines are of sufficient magnitude to achieve therapeutic benefit. Results of the first generation of clinical trials now in progress are eagerly anticipated. Ongoing investigations may justify a second generation of trials that explore pharmacokinetic optimization, rational drug combinations, synthetic lethality strategies, novel biguanides, and the use of predictive biomarkers.
Fatal Aspiration of Talcum Powder by a Child
Authors: John J. Molnar, Gerald Nathenson, Sanford Edberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE talcum-powder container, often a favorite plaything of small children, may be a source of tragedy in the home. The case reported below demonstrates a rapidly fatal course in a twenty-two-month-old child, who aspirated talcum powder while playing with such a container.Aspiration of baby powder containing stearate of zinc was reported relatively often in the past, and fatal cases due to aspiration pneumonia have been recorded.1 Since talcum has largely replaced zinc stearate as a dusting powder for babies it was anticipated that accidents caused by its inhalation would have been described. It was surprising, therefore, to find in . . .