tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression in the Planet’s Largest Ethnic Group: The Chinese
Authors: Gordon Parker, Gemma Gladstone, Kuan Tsee Chee
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The authors reviewed the evidence for the claim that the Chinese tend to deny depression or express it somatically, examined the possible determinants of those characteristics, and explored implications of the findings for the diagnosis and management of depression in China and for psychiatry in the WEST:This paper reviews and interprets original studies and literature reviews considering emotional distress, depression, neurasthenia, and somatization in Chinese subjects.Interpretation of the literature is complicated by the considerable heterogeneity among people described as "the Chinese" and by numerous factors affecting collection of data, including issues of illness definition, sampling, and case finding; differences in help-seeking behavior; idiomatic expression of emotional distress; and the stigma of mental illness. Despite difficulties in interpreting the literature, the available data suggest that the Chinese do tend to deny depression or express it somatically.The existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the Chinese tend to deny depression or express it somatically. However, Western influences on Chinese society and on the detection and identification of depression are likely to have modified the expression of depressive illness quite sharply since the early 1980s. Analyzing these changes may provide useful insight into the evolution of the diagnosis of depression in Western and other cultures.
Tarsonemid Mites in Danish House Dust
Authors: Jens Korsgaard, Thorkil E. Hallas
Journal: Allergy (1979)

From a study of 98 typical Danish city apartments it was found that pyroglyphid and tarsonemid mites dominated the housedust acarofauna. Both groups of miles show a remarkable similarity in their occurrence and dependence on. the microclimate. Room air humidities above 7 g water/kg dry air involved the highest densities. Below this Unit only background contamination appeared. At least 14 distinct forms of tarsonemid mites were found, with Tarsonemiu floricolus Can. &amp; Fanz., 1876 as the dominating species. As tarsonemid mites were found regularly rather than occasionally, it is suggested that these mites may be responsible for at least a part of the cases of housedust allergy thaE cannot be ascribed to the content of Dermatophagoides mites in the housedust.
Sinus node recovery time and calculated sinoatrial conduction time in normal subjects and patients with sinus node dysfunction.
Authors: G Breithardt, L Seipel, F Loogen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In 61 patients sinus node function was tested by programmed (sinoatrial conduction time, SACT) and overdrive atrial pacing (sinus node recovery time, SRT). In the control group (N = 20), mean sinus cycle length was 773 +/- 140.2 msec, mean absolute SRT 1044 +/- 215.8 msec [corrected SRT (CSRT) 270 +/- 112.5 msec; mean +/- SD] and calculated SACT was 82 +/-19.2 msec. The upper limit of normal SACT was defined as 120 msec. In 41 patients with sinus node dysfunction, mean age (55 +/- 14.7 years), mean spontaneous cycle length during the study (1094 +/- 248.0 msec), the lowest heart rate observed (42 +/- 7.5 beats/min), maximal SRT (2110 +/- 1269.1 msec), maximal CSRT (1016 +/- 1182.8 msec), and calculated SACT (126 +/- 47.3 msec) were significantly longer than in the control group. Abnormalities of sinus node function, as evidenced by the degree of spontaneous bradycardia, SRT and calculated SACT were more frequent in patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome or spontaneous sinoatrial block than in those exhibiting isolated sinus bradycardia. We conclude 1) that in patients with sinus node dysfunction both sinus node automaticity and sinoatrial conduction may be abnormal, and 2) that overdrive and programmed premature atrial stimulation can separate patients with sinus node dysfunction according to their clinical presentation.
AHA: Added Sugar Not So Sweet
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

at,” he said. Given the serious nature of the infractions that lead to disqualification and debarment, Furberg said that such researchers should face greater consequences than just being barred from FDA-related studies. He said it is likely that an IRB would notify the investigator’s supervisors, and emphasized how important such notification is. He noted that a medical school’s dean may wish to dismiss a faculty member who, for example, has falsified data. Additionally, he said dishonest researchers should be barred from receiving NIH funding for at least some period. He suggested that the FDA coordinate efforts with the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Research Integrity, which bars researchers who have committed misconduct from receiving support from any organization within the public health service, which includes the NIH, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. “It goes beyond the FDA in my mind,” Furberg said.
[606] COMPARISON OF PEGINTERFERON a-2a AND RIBAVIRIN FOR 12 OR 24 WEEKS IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 2/3: THE NORDYNAMIC TRIAL
Authors: M. Lagging, C. Pedersen, M. Rauning Buhl, M. Farkkila, N. Langeland, K. Morch, G. Norkrans
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Structured Terminology for Capsule Endoscopy: Results of Retrospective Testing and Validation in 766 Small-Bowel Investigations
Authors: M. Delvaux, S. Friedman, M. Keuchel, F. Hagenmüller, M. Weinstein, D. Cave, R. de Franchis, G. Gay, L. Y. Korman
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is an effective means of investigating the small bowel in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Computerized reports are frequently used in endoscopy, and the Minimal Standard Terminology (MST) has been promoted by endoscopy societies as the official vocabulary for endoscopy. The aims of this study were to design a lexicon for CE reports based on the principles of the MST and to validate lists of terms for describing findings and reasons for performing a CE by cross-matching them with the results of CE procedures collected during ongoing clinical studies.A consensus-based Capsule Endoscopy Structured Terminology (CEST) was developed by experts involved in CE studies. Lists of terms suitable for CE were designed for the various sections of an endoscopic report. They were then correlated with the corresponding MST lists for duodenal and intestinal endoscopy. The results of 766 CE procedures, collected in an electronic case record form (eCRF), were analyzed to provide lists of reasons for performing the procedures and of the findings. The eCRF provided only a limited number of items for each data field, along with free-text facilities. Only descriptions pertaining to the small bowel were analyzed. Lists of terms were then reviewed by two experts to group obvious synonyms. The accuracy of the CEST was defined beforehand as the capability to describe 90 % of entries.A total of 766 CE procedures were analyzed. The eCRF included 824 entries as reasons for the examination in 655 CEs (1.3 per procedure). These represented 122 different expressions. After grouping of synonyms, 28 expressions remained. Among them, 10 were matched with terms from the list of reasons for performing CE offered in the CEST. These were the most frequently used, accounting for 768 entries in this field (93.2 %). All eCRFs contained at least one description of findings. A total of 109 CE procedures were classified as normal (14.3 %). A total of 2624 entries for abnormal findings were recorded for 657 procedures (4.0 per procedure). In all, 213 different expressions were used to describe abnormal findings. After grouping of synonyms, 52 expressions remained. Among these, 27 were matched with terms from the list of findings in the CEST, covering 2403 entries (91.6 %).In this study, CEST terms were capable of describing more than 90 % of the reasons for performance and of the findings in an unselected set of CE procedures. CEST is therefore suitable for use as the standard lexicon for CE reports. Adopted as a standard, it could significantly improve the quality of the data collected and reported in CE studies.
HRT risks outweigh benefits for chronic disease prevention, research confirms
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not recommended for chronic disease prevention as the risks outweigh the benefits, further follow-up from the large Women’s Health Initiative trials has found.1

The studies included more than 27 000 postmenopausal women aged between 50 and 79 who were enrolled at 40 centres in the United States.

One trial was for women with an intact uterus who received either conjugated equine oestrogens (0.625 mg a day) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 …
CEREBRAL ABSCESS FOLLOWING INJURY OF THE SKULL.
Authors: THOS. W. KAY
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Murscha, æt. 28, black male, presented himself at the Johonniter Hospital on the 14th of May, 1888, with the following history: Two years previous, while engaged in a quarrel near Jaffa he was struck on the head with a heavy staff and left for dead. He regained consciousness after several hours and from that time to the present has had no sickness of any kind, nor has he had paralysis or pain in the head. He was in excellent health when he presented himself, being in full possession of all his mental faculties, and complained only of an offensive discharge from the head, which had been of six months' duration. Examination revealed three sinuses over the right parietal eminence, and necrosed bone was found at the bottom of all of these; so I connected two of them by incision and removed, by seques-trium forceps, a piece of bone 2 inches
New Insights on Bariatric Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Sayeed Ikramuddin, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Effect of aminophylline on coronary reactive hyperaemia following brief and long occlusion periods
Authors: W. SCHUTZ, M. ZIMPFER, G. RABERGER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The effects of an intracoronary aminophylline infusion, adjusted to give a constant concentration of 25 microgram.cm-3 coronary blood, on the reactive hyperaemic responses following coronary occlusion for 4, 10, and 25 heart beats were investigated in anaesthetised, open-chest dogs. The vasodilator effect of intracoronarily-administered adenosine and the hyperaemic response after coronary occlusion for 10 and 25 heart beats were both significantly diminished under the influence of aminophylline. However, the decrease in the coronary dilator effect of adenosine amounted to 80%, whereas the hyperaemic response was diminished by only 20%. The hyperaemic response following a coronary occlusion for only 4 heart beats remained unchanged. The present results obtained with aminophylline suggest at least a partial involvement of adenosine in mediating reactive hyperaemia after sufficiently long periods of coronary artery occlusion.
Transport of Monosaccharides I. ASYMMETRY IN THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MECHANISM
Authors: Ellen R. Batt, David Schachter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Transport of D-glucose across human erythrocyte membranes occurs via a facilitated diffusion process which demonstrates influx-efflux asymmetry. The mechanism of the asymmetry has been studied by estimating unidirectional fluxes in the presence or absence of trans equilibrium hexose. In the absence of transhexose, the half-saturation constant for efflux at 15 degrees C was approximately 10 mM as compared with 27 mM for influx; the corresponding values for maximal transfer rates (mumol/min per ml cell H(2)O) were approximately 51 vs. 18. The estimation of kinetic parameters, including the constant F(s), which is the ratio of maximal transfer rate/half-saturation constant, indicates a unique effect of intracellular hexose on the transfer system. Further evidence to support this conclusion was obtained by studying the effects of noncompetitive inhibitors on efflux vs. influx. N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, and dichloroallyldiethylstilbestrol all inhibited efflux much more than influx. Glucose rendered the transport system more reactive to N-ethylmaleimide as assayed by efflux, whereas influx was much less affected. The results support the hypothesis that the transport system exists in two states. Transition from one state to the other is dependent on the presence of intracellular hexose.
(+)α-Tocopheryl succinate inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and is as effective as arsenic trioxide or ATRA against acute promyelocytic leukemia in vivo
Authors: G A S dos Santos, R S Abreu e Lima, C R Pestana, A S G Lima, P S Scheucher, C H Thomé, H L Gimenes-Teixeira, B A A Santana-Lemos, A R Lucena-Araujo, F P Rodrigues, R Nasr, S A Uyemura, R P Falcão, H de Thé, P P Pandolfi, C Curti, E M Rego
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Methylprednisolone Causes Matrix Metalloproteinase–dependent Emphysema in Adult Rats
Authors: Kang-Hyeon Choe, Laimute Taraseviciene-Stewart, Robertas Scerbavicius, Lajos Gera, Rubin M. Tuder, Norbert F. Voelkel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Previous investigations have shown that corticosteroids affect the development and maturation of the developing lung in utero and in neonatal animals. Systemic corticosteroids are routinely used for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inhaled corticosteroids are more frequently being prescribed for the long-term treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Because corticosteroids can affect matrix metalloproteinases and because the concept of protease/antiprotease imbalance is an important concept regarding the pathogenesis of emphysema, we examined the effects of chronic steroid treatment on lung structure in adult rats. Rats treated with 2 mg/kg of methylprednisolone daily for 1, 2, or 4 weeks had an increased mean linear intercept and a decrease of the surface–volume ratio when compared with age-matched control animals, and the animals showed increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in their lungs on zymography. Rats treated concomitantly with methylprednisolone and a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (GM6001) did not develop emphysema. We conclude that systemic treatment of adult rats with the antiinflammatory steroid methylprednisolone increases the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the lung and causes emphysema.
The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal
Authors: W. Sneader
Journal: BMJ (2000)

because it was operative; the physician-accoucheurs claimed that obstetrics and gynaecology belonged together.As we know, the surgeons won the argument.By the 20th century the obstetrician-gynaecologist (who often, but not necessarily, possessed the FRCS) became another kind of doctor who was always addressed as Mr. And this is more or less the position today; but is the persistence of this tradition sensible?Fifty years ago it was relatively simple.Physicians treated medical diseases and surgeons operated.Today, the treatment of surgical disorders is often undertaken by teams of doctors any of whom may "intervene" in a technical or surgical manner (the interventional radiologists are an example), whether they are titled Dr or Mr, Miss, Mrs, or Ms. Thus patients with cancer who happen to be sticklers for addressing people correctly may well be puzzled when they are referred by Dr A, their general practitioner, to Dr B, an oncologist, and Dr C, a radiologist, before seeing Mr or Ms D, a surgeon.An operation is performed under an anaesthetic administered by Dr E after which the patient is referred to Dr F for radiotherapy and back to Dr B for chemotherapy depending, perhaps, on the findings of a pathologist, Dr G. Further, the patient may enter a controlled trial run by a medical statistician, Dr H, who is not medically qualified but has a PhD.That is eight "Drs" to one "Mr (or Miss or Mrs or Ms)."Note that any of these doctors, including Mr B, might possess an MD or a DM, which often puzzles American doctors who are not always aware that in the United Kingdom these are postgraduate degrees.
Neurosubstrates of Remission following Prolonged Exposure Therapy in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Alan N. Simmons, Sonya B. Norman, Andrea D. Spadoni, Irina A. Strigo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy is the first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. The underlying brain changes of treatment effect in PTSD are currently unknown.A total of 31 veterans with PTSD completed an fMRI scan performing an affective anticipation task at baseline and were enrolled in PE therapy. Of these, 7 prematurely terminated therapy, while 24 individuals completed PE therapy and an identical follow-up fMRI scan. At follow-up, 15 of the 24 completers still had diagnosable PTSD (NR-PTSD) and 9 of the 24 completers showed complete remission from PTSD (R-PTSD), i.e. they did not meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD.The left anterior insula showed a significant group by scan session interaction. Specifically, the R-PTSD group showed decreased activation during anticipation of negative images from pre- to posttreatment scans, while the NR-PTSD group showed increased activation during anticipation of positive images in this region. Furthermore, the change in functional activation in the insula co-occurred with increased connectivity between this insular region and the right cingulate and right mid-posterior insular region in R-PTSD.These findings suggest that the capacity to effectively remit from PTSD symptoms after PE treatment requires the ability to connect with physiological signals and moderate the discomfort of anticipatory anxiety of exposure therapy. These processes appear to be controlled by a network where the anterior insula is connected with the cingulate and the mid-posterior insula.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: COSTAN W. BERARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Epidemiologic studies show that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas tend to develop after prolonged antigenic stimulation, after loss of normal regulation of lymphoid proliferation, or especially after both processes. Study of these tumors in vitro has greatly increased understanding of their pathophysiology and has provided a conceptual framework for their morphologic diversity. Lymphomas are now understood to be expanded clones of their normal counterparts. The anatomic location, phenotypic characteristics, proliferative capacity, and functional capabilities of the neoplasm often reflect those of the equivalent normal cells. If neoplastic transformation can occur at any stage of lymphoid differentiation, then it is theoretically possible that neoplastic lymphocytes may respond, or could be induced to respond, to normal regulatory influences. Further study of selective cytotoxicity may reveal exploitable differences among lymphocytic subpopulations and permit more rational choices of therapy. Of major aid to future clinical trials should be the recent consensus on nomenclature by an international panel of experts.
Post-pneumonic Collapse of Right Lower Lobe Relieved by Bronchoscopic Aspiration
Authors: A. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The following table shows the nature of the cases which were selected as suitable Cases in the Series Hernia (inguinal and femoral) .. 31 Hydrocele. 2Orthopaedic .. 19 Nephrolithotomy 1 Mastectomy (simple and radical) 12 Cystotomy 1 Varicose veins .. .10
Hospital acquired infections could still be prevented
Authors: R. Bendall, A. Gonzalez-Ruiz, M. Kelsey
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—P J Sanderson correctly states that many local hospital acquired infections arise because of interventions such as urinary catheterisation or tracheal intubation and infers that infection rates reflect the number of patients subjected to these procedures. Sanderson concludes that these infections are inevitable and not so amenable to conventional infection control. We have a wider view of the role of infection control in reducing hospital acquired infection.

Firstly, infection control is not simply a matter of preventing cross infection. Promoting good practice, …
The coalition government's plans for the NHS in England
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Much more work is needed to ensure they can deliver improvements in care

The coalition government’s plans for the future of health care in England herald fundamental changes to both the anatomy and physiology of the NHS.1 These changes take forward reforms set out by the Labour government led by Tony Blair in 2002 and developed further by Ara Darzi in 2008, but they are much more ambitious and risky.2 3

The anatomy of the NHS will be affected by the setting up of an independent commissioning board, the abolition of strategic health authorities and primary care trusts, and a new role for local authorities in promoting public health. Its physiology will be altered by the use of markets instead of targets to drive improvements in performance.

On the provider side of the market, NHS foundation trusts will have greater autonomy, and independent sector providers will be encouraged to compete for patients. On the commissioner side, groups of general practices will take responsibility for most of the NHS budget and use their clinical expertise to bring about improvements in care. The operation of the market will be overseen by a new economic regulator. Its role will be to promote competition, regulate the prices paid to providers, …
Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Types
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The latest study from the Kinsey Institute, to determine whether persons convicted of sex offenses differ from other individuals, and if so, how, is a truly herculean labor. In a volume of almost 900 pages, the authors record in exhaustive detail various facets (chiefly sexual) of the lives of 1,356 sex offenders, 477 control subjects, and 888 prison inmates convicted of nonsexual crimes. The study is limited to white men over 16. The amount of printed minutiae is monumental, numbing the eye and brain with the profusion of statistical data and tables. The following heading of one of the 167 tables exemplifies the excessive minuteness of inquiry: "Sexual Arousal From Pictures of Sexual Action by Sexual Arousal From Seeing or Thinking About Females for Control, Prison and Sex-Offender Groups with Female Objects." This table alone contains 208 separate percentage figures. The authors' subdivide sex offenders into 14 classes, including heterosexual