tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Site of Pulmonary Vasodilation by Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Microembolic Lung Injury
Authors: CHRISTIAN MÉLOT, FRANÇOISE VERMEULEN, MARCO MAGGIORINI, ERIC GILBERT, ROBERT NAEIJE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We investigated the site of pulmonary vasodilation and associated effects on gas exchange in response to inhaled NO in acute microembolic lung injury. Pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and effective capillary (Pc ′ ) pressures versus cardiac output (Q˙) plots were generated in anesthetized dogs before and after, successively, ( 1) embolization with 100 μ m glass beads, (2) administration of either a placebo (n = 5) or 80 ppm inhaled NO followed by cyclooxygenase inhibition by aspirin 1 g given intravenously and again 80 ppm inhaled NO (n = 8). Pc ′ was estimated from the pressure decay curve after pulmonary artery balloon occlusion. Embolism increased pulmonary vascular resistance, with a slight decrease in its precapillary component, from 77 to 66%. NO decreased Ppa at the highest levels of Q˙, and aspirin increased Ppa at all levels of Q˙. Neither NO nor aspirin affected Pc ′ /Q˙ plots or pulmonary shunt. We conclude that pulmonary vascular resistance in microembolic lung injury increases at the periphery of the pulmonary arterial tree, with partial reversibility by inhaled NO and by endogenous products of the cyclooxygenase pathway upstream from the site of effective capillary resistance. Reduced pulmonary vascular tone does not improve gas exchange in this model of acute lung injury.
Soluble galectin-3 is a strong, colonic epithelial-cell-derived, lamina propria fibroblast-stimulating factor
Authors: E Lippert, W Falk, F Bataille, T Kaehne, M Naumann, M Goeke, H Herfarth, J Schoelmerich, G Rogler
Journal: Gut (2006)

Colonic lamina propria fibroblasts (CLPFs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and strictures in Crohn's disease.To identify colonic epithelial cell (CEC)-derived factors that activate CLPFs.Primary human CECs and CLPFs were isolated from control mucosa and interleukin 8 (IL8) of CLPF cultures was quantified by ELISA. Activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was shown, and translocation of NF-kappaB was inhibited by a dominant-negative IkappaB-expressing adenovirus. The major CLPF-activating and IL8 inducing protein was purified using fast-performance liquid chromatography (HiPrep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution Column) and sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis.A considerable increase in IL8 secretion by CLPFs cultured in CEC-conditioned media compared with that in unconditioned media (155.00 (10.00) pg/microg v 1.434 (0.695) pg/microg) was found. The effect of CEC-conditioned media on CLPF IL8 secretion was NF-kappaB dependent. A protein or DNA array confirmed the involvement of NF-kappaB and activator protein-1. Purification of a candidate band isolated with the use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent sequencing showed soluble galectin-3 to be a strong CLPF-activating factor. Depletion of galectin-3 from conditioned media by immunoprecipitation abolished the CLPF stimulatory effect.Using a classical biochemical approach, soluble galectin-3 was identified as a strong activator of CLPFs produced by CEC. Galectin-3 induced NF-kappaB activation and IL8 secretion in these cells and may be a target for future therapeutic approaches to reduce or avoid stricture formation.
Blast from the past: a cautionary tale
Authors: D. Adams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

When I was 41 I discovered that I had hyperparathyroidism and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Three years later I was treated for breast cancer. Fortunately I was cured of both cancers. However, as a consequence of the treatment I developed a debilitating proximal myopathy and have been left with poor control of my calcium metabolism caused by lack of parathyroid hormone. People tend to assume that I must have “bad genes,” but unpalatable as it is there was an avoidable cause for all these illnesses.

> Remember that there is no dose of radiation that is risk-free 

I was born in the United States in 1955 and by the age of 4 months had developed a strawberry naevus on my neck. I had a series of radiation treatments to my birthmark during the following year. The decision to treat me was not based on good evidence and was made within a culture that believed radiotherapy was safe and effective despite accumulating evidence to the contrary. The fact that my birthmark was a benign, self …
MILD THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA: A SIMPLE WAY TO IMPROVE SURVIVAL AND NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME AFTER CARDIAC ARREST IN ICU
Authors: Marco Poli, Paolo Trambaiolo, Valentina Basso, Marina Mustilli, Massimo De Luca, Vjerica Likic, Maurizio Simonetti, Federica Ferraiuolo, Giuseppe Ferraiuolo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The historical case against null-hypothesis significance testing
Authors: Henderikus J. Stam, Grant A. Pasay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We argue that Chow's defense of hypothesis-testing procedures attempts to restore an aura of objectivity to the core procedures, allowing these to take on the role of judgment that should be reserved for the researcher. We provide a brief overview of what we call the historical case against hypothesis testing and argue that the latter has led to a constrained and simplified conception of what passes for theory in psychology.
TCT-149 Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Myocardial Infarct Size and Adverse Events in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results from the INFUSE-AMI Trial
Authors: Usman Baber, Roxana Mehran, Sorin Brener, Akiko Maehara, Dariusz Dudek, Thomas Neunteufl, D. Christopher Metzger, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Contemporary clinical research of traditional Chinese medicines for chronic hepatitis B in China: An analytical review
Authors: Lingyi Zhang, Guqi Wang, Weihong Hou, Ping Li, Andrea Dulin, Herbert L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is major global health problem. In China, where about 120,000,000 persons are chronically infected, CHB has been treated for centuries with traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). This review summarizes and meta-analyzes the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM formulations reported in China in 1998-2008 for treatment of CHB. RCTs comparing either TCM formulations alone or in combination with interferon (IFN) or lamivudine (LAM) versus IFN or LAM were included. Chinese electronic databases were searched. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed using the Jadad scale. TCMs had a greater beneficial effect ( P = 0.0003) than IFN and a slightly better effect ( P = 0.01) than LAM on the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase. TCMs had a similar beneficial effect when compared with IFN or LAM for CHB on antiviral activity as evidenced by the loss of serum hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. TCMs enhanced IFN and LAM antiviral activities and improvements of liver function. The quality of many studies was poor; reports often lacked information regarding methods of randomization or blinding and adverse events. Conclusion: Some TCMs seem effective as alternative remedies for patients with CHB, suggesting that further study of TCMs in the treatment of CHB is warranted, both in preclinical models of HBV infection and in higher quality RCTs worldwide. (Hepatology 2010;51:690–698.)
Chlordiazepoxide and Cystinuric Calculus
Authors: Bruce Ettinger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a previous PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION (<b>205</b>: 846,1968) from this laboratory, Fariss and Kolb reported that chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) appeared to have a crystalretarding effect in six patients with cystinuria. These outpatient studies were carried out on spot urine specimens using a qualitative evaluation of crystalluria. In a subsequent double-blind study of 12 cystinuric patients, using quantitative measurements of cystine excretion and also a method to quantitate cystine crystal formation at various concentrations and temperatures, chlordiazepoxide did not affect (1) the appearance and degree of spontaneous crystalluria, (2) the daily excretion of cystine, (3) the solubility of cystine in urine, or (4) the rate of crystallization of cystine from supersaturated urine specimens. These data have been submitted for publication. There appears to be a factor retarding crystal formation in cystinuric patients which is more pronounced in concentrated than in dilute urine. This may account for the intermittent occurrence
Efficiency of transduction of highly purified murine hematopoietic stem cells by lentiviral and oncoretroviral vectors under conditions of minimal in vitro manipulation
Authors: Gustavo Mostoslavsky, Darrell N. Kotton, Attila J. Fabian, John T. Gray, Jeng-Shin Lee, Richard C. Mulligan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The development of leukemias in several children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease who were transplanted with retroviral vector-transduced bone marrow cells has renewed concerns about the risks associated with the random integration of proviral sequences into chromosomal DNA. One theoretical way to reduce the risks of insertional mutagenesis would be to employ transduction/transplantation protocols that minimize the total number of genetically modified cells and associated proviral integration "events" introduced into recipients. Toward this end, we have developed a transduction protocol that involves the short-term incubation of highly purified murine stem cells with high-titer recombinant lentivirus vectors in the presence of serum-free medium and the cytokines SCF and TPO. Competitive repopulation studies showed that stem cells transduced in this way possessed the same reconstitutive ability as fresh, unmanipulated cells. Animals transplanted with only 200-2000 transduced cells were efficiently reconstituted with the genetically modified cells, and most hematopoietic cells in the recipients expressed the transgene. In contrast, the use of high-titer oncoretroviral vectors in conjunction with the same transduction/transplantation protocol resulted in only low levels of gene marking in vivo. The use of a similar transduction/transplantation strategy in future clinical studies may offer distinct advantages over current protocols.
On the Epidemic Caused by Ankylostomum among the Workmen in the St. Gothard Tunnel
Authors: E. Bugnion
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE little worm known by the name of Ankylostomum cluodeynale, or Dochmizis, orStron,gyuis duodlenalis, has acquired a bad reputation lately, from having been the principal cause of the serious epidemic which -prevailed last year, and still prevails, among the workmen of St. Gothard.This parasite had been hitherto entirely unknown in Switzerland; it is-not unknown in Italy, but is more common in hot countries, such as India, the Antilles, and Brazil; and especially in Egypt, where it causes the disease denominated the Egyptian chlorosis.This latter fact was brought to light in the year 1854 by Griesinger, a distinguished German
Thermography in Neurofibromatosis
Authors: A. G. Swearingen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In recent years an increasing number of articles have been published concerning the applicability of thermography to the diagnosis of disease. Lawson<sup>1</sup>was the first investigator to observe that carcinoma of the breast raises the temperature of the overlying skin. J. Gershon-Cohen and coworkers<sup>2</sup>are at this time the most active investigators (in this country) of the diagnostic application of the infrared electromagnetic energy emitted from the surface of the skin. Thermography is a medical field which is in its infancy; hence the thermographic appearances of many normal and pathological conditions have not as yet been recognized and described. Neurofibromatosis is a familial condition characterized by developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, and marked superficially by the formation of multiple pedunculated soft tumors associated with areas of pigmentation over the entire body. Histologically, great variation occurs; however, the majority of the
Mapping of available health research and development data: what's there, what's missing, and what role is there for a global observatory?
Authors: John-Arne Røttingen, Sadie Regmi, Mari Eide, Alison J Young, Roderik F Viergever, Christine Årdal, Javier Guzman, Danny Edwards, Stephen A Matlin, Robert F Terry
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Prostaglandin-induced Abortion: Assessment of Operative Complications and Early Morbidity
Authors: I. Z. Mackenzie, K. Hillier, M. P. Embrey
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 626 patients undergoing a prostaglandin-induced abortion, the majority in the second trimester, have been analysed for complications occurring during inpatient treatment. Of the last 155 consecutive patients 143 were critically assessed six to eight weeks after abortion for morbidity occurring during their early recovery period. Blood loss of 250 ml or more occurred in 68 patients, pyrexia in 34, pelvic infection in three, and readmission in 14 of the 626 patients studied, and a transfusion was required in eight. Bleeding after abortion stopped within six weeks in all 143 of the 155 consecutive patients assessed but three required readmission for uterine curettage. Menstruation was re-established within six weeks of abortion in 106 patients. The incidence of operative morbidity was similar to that reported for first trimester abortion and better than that in most reported series of second trimester abortions.
MHC-restricted minimal regulatory circuit initiated by a class II-autoreactive T cell clone.
Authors: K Sano, I Fujisawa, R Abe, Y Asano, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The in vivo administration of a self-class II-reactive Th clone MS202 derived from C3H into syngeneic mice resulted in the suppression of both primary and early secondary antibody responses against T cell-dependent antigens. The suppression was due to the generation of antigen-nonspecific Ts cells in the recipient, as the splenic T cells from the mice treated with MS202 were able to strongly suppress the in vitro secondary antibody response of primed syngeneic spleen cells. The dose-response curve of suppression indicated the generation of an effector type Ts that directly suppressed Th. The surface phenotype of Ts was Ly-1+,2-, L3T4+, I-J-. The presence of Ly-1+,2+ T cells was not required to induce the suppression. The suppression was strictly restricted to H-2k, as F1 Ts cells were able to suppress the response of C3H but not of B6 B cells helped by the same F1 Th cells. The experiments with chimeric mice indicated that the direct target of Ts is an MHC-restricted Th but not a B cell or APC. The results indicate the existence of a minimal regulatory circuit where an MHC-restricted Th induces a preprogrammed Ts that in turn directly suppresses Th with the same MHC-restriction specificity. The induction of and suppression by Ts appeared to be due to the direct recognition of MHC restriction sites of Th cells.
Physicians for Vietnam
Authors: H. C. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Perhaps this letter will provide some impetus to the program to find doctors for volunteer work in Vietnam. The initiative displayed by the AMA deserves further stimulus in a seriously needy area.  I am currently serving with the Army here, and part of my time is spent doing what the Armed Forces describe as civic action. For me, this has meant going into a small village with a limited amount of medical supplies to set up a temporary aid station and holding a sick call.  On my first venture into a small village of approximately 400 people, I held sick call for perhaps 90 minutes. During this time 25 patients or more made visits. This village had been without medical assistance of any kind for six months, following an unhappy visit from the Vietcong to the area, in which the village chief and other officers were killed.
GMC guidance on withholding life prolonging treatment
Authors: H. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Kmietowicz reports that advice on withholding food and water breaks the law.1 The GMC's guidance does not allow doctors to withdraw food and water from patients with the intent of causing or hastening their death (www.gmc-uk.org/standards). We believe such actions to be unlawful and unethical.

The guidance covers the situation where—while a patient's death is …
MITRAL COMMISSUROTOMY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Denton A. Cooley
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In obstetric practice heart disease is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Chronic rheumatic valvulitis constitutes 90 to 95% of the cardiac lesions that occur in pregnant women,<sup>1</sup>and in 75% of the patients there is involvement of the mitral valve alone, usually with mitral stenosis with or without mitral insufficiency.<sup>2</sup>For the most part, prognosis is based primarily on the threat or the presence of cardiac decompensation. In favorable cases (functional classes 1 and 2), in which cardiac decompensation is uncommon, the maternal mortality approaches 40 to 50% and cardiac decompensation accounts for 60 to 65% of the fatalities. Fortunately, the majority of patients (about 85% )<sup>3</sup>are in class 1 or 2, and here therapeutic abortion is seldom indicated. On the other hand, the maternal risk in class 3 and particularly in class 4 not infrequently prompts the obstetrician to resort to
Impaired arterial neointima formation in mice with disruption of the plasminogen gene.
Authors: P Carmeliet, L Moons, V Ploplis, E Plow, D Collen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To define the role of plasminogen (Plg) in the smooth muscle cell response after arterial wall injury, neointima formation was evaluated after electric injury of the femoral artery in plasminogen-deficient (Plg-/-) mice. The injury destroyed all medial smooth muscle cells, denuded the injured segment of intact endothelium, and induced transient platelet-rich mural thrombosis. In wild-type (Plg+/+) mice, vascular wound healing was characterized by lysis of the thrombus, transient infiltration of inflammatory cells, and progressive removal of necrotic debris and thrombosis. Topographic analysis revealed repopulation of the media and accumulation in the neointima of smooth muscle cells originating from the noninjured borders, which progressed into the necrotic center. In Plg-/- mice, wound healing was significantly impaired with delayed removal of necrotic debris, reduced leucocyte infiltration and smooth muscle cell accumulation, and decreased neointima formation. Smooth muscle cells accumulated at the uninjured borders, but failed to migrate into the necrotic center. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells was not affected by Plg deficiency. Evans blue staining revealed no genotypic differences in reendothelialization. Thus, Plg plays a significant role in vascular wound healing and arterial neointima formation after injury, most likely by affecting cellular migration.
PTU-056 Pregnancy outcomes in Patients with Crohn’S Disease: Lessons from Audit in a Specialist IBD Clinic
Authors: A Koumi, K Taylor, J Duncan, S Anderson, P Irving, C P Nelson, J Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Crohn’s disease (CD) affects mainly people in their reproductive years. Concerns regarding family planning are the impact of CD on fertility and course of pregnancy,transmission to the offspring,issues concerning drug safety,mode of delivery and congenital anomalies. Published data is reassuring but awareness of outcomes locally can provide data regarding possible additional benefit from specialist obstetric medicine service. <h3>Methods</h3> Pregnant patients with CD were identified through the Electronic Patient Record System. Data were collected from October 2008-November 2012.Further information on outcomes was gathered from individual consultation with patients. <h3>Results</h3> 80 pregnancies in 57 patients with CD were identified.10 patients currently pregnant,9 patients(13 pregnancies) with incomplete data were excluded.Therefore,pregnancy outcomes of 57 pregnancies/38 patients (mean age: 30.7 years) were analysed. 31/38(82%) of patients had luminal disease,7/38(18%) perianal disease.36/38(95%) conceived naturally,1/38(2.5%) by assisted reproduction,1/38(2.5%) by IVF.25/57(44%) pregnancies were on no treatment in early pregnancy, 4/57(7%) on biologics [Infliximab 3/4(75%),Adalimumab1/4(25%)],6/57(10%) on biologics+thiopurines(TPN),6/57(10%) on TPN,6/57(10%) on TPN+5-ASA,7/57(12%) on 5-ASA,2/57(3.5%) on steroids and 1/57(1.7%) on elemental diet.15/57(26%) pregnancies had flares,of which 5/15(33%) continued throughout pregnancy.5/15(33%) occurred in the 1st trimester,4/15(27%) in the 2nd, 1/15(7%) in the 3rd. Of all pregnancies with flares,9/15(60%) were on no CD therapy. The mean week of delivery was 39.5 weeks (36–42).32/46(70%) of deliveries were vaginal and 14/46(30%) by Caesarian section (CS).Of CS,8/14(57%) were planned due to perianal disease 5/8(63%) or obstetric indication 3/8(37%).Pregnancy outcomes were:live births 46/57(81%), miscarriages 10/57(17%), termination 1/57(2%). The mean birth weight (BW) of the newborns was 3 kg (1.9 kg–5.1 kg). 4/46(11%) of the babies were of low BW (&lt;2.5kg). Neonatal issues were recorded in 5/46(11%); 1 diabetes mellitus,2 cardiac anomalies,1 with viral infection at 8 days, 1 cot death. Of the miscarriages, 5/10(50%) were on no CD therapy and 4/10(40%) flared in early pregnancy. The termination was due to use of medication unrelated to CD that could potentially cause congenital anomalies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The number of pregnancies in a specialist IBD clinic is high up to 20/year in this series highlighting a potential additional service need.A specialist obstetric medicine service can provide reassurance regarding safety of drugs in pregnancy,which in turn may reduce flare rates and result in good pregnancy outcomes. Observed outcomes did not fall outside that expected from larger reported series. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Salve for the Aching Heart
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

After 20 years of undeserved neglect, nitroglycerin ointment is now coming into its own. The need for it is obvious. Sublingually administered nitroglycerin, with its fleeting effect, is inadequate for unstable nocturnal or variant angina. Long-acting nitroglycerin preparations for oral administration lose much of their effectiveness through inactivation of nitrate in the liver. In bypassing the portal circulation, nitroglycerin ointment offers a logical alternative. That the alternative is also practical has been confirmed by recent clinical trials. Reichek and associates<sup>1</sup>reported gratifying subjective and objective results with the use of this ointment. Not only was angina forestalled in the 14 patients they studied, but there was a substantial enhancement of exercise capacity, lowering of systolic blood pressure, increase in heart rate, and diminution of exerciseinduced ST segment depression. These effects, which lasted three to five hours, were undiminished after a three-month trial in six of these patients. No evidence
Sequential hormonochemotherapy in advanced breast cancer
Authors: L. L Hart
Journal: BMJ (1988)

capable of producing both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide with the reintroduction of the blood supply.5Dr Murrel and his colleagues have found that the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol is of benefit in Depuytren's contracture.6Although this trial was uncontrolled we have been unable to find reports of spontaneous resolution in published reports.It would be of interest to estab- lish whether allopurinol supresses the destructive consequences of inflammatory tenosynovitis asso- ciated with rheumatoid disease.