tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essentials of Medical Genomics
Authors: Raymond R. Townsend
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book and Software Notes18 March 2003Essentials of Medical GenomicsRaymond R. Townsend, MDRaymond R. Townsend, MDRenal Electrolyte Hypertension Stone Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Essentials of Medical GenomicsBrown SM. 274 pages. Hoboken, NJ: J Wiley; 2003. $49.95. ISBN 047121003X. Order at www.wiley.com.Field of medicine: Genetics and internal medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Internists, primary care practitioners, internal medicine and family practitioner residents, geneticists, and genetic counselors.Purpose: To provide a clear, practical guide to medical genomics and the effect of genomics on medical practice.Content: The text is divided into 11 chapters that span the gamut of genetics, including proteomics, various methods of analysis, bioinformatics, and ethics.Highlights: The first chapter is an excellent introduction to the topic. I easily read it ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Renal Electrolyte Hypertension Stone Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 March 2003Volume 138, Issue 6Page: 524KeywordsGenetic counselingGenetic testingGeneticsGenomicsHuman genomicsKidney stonesMedical geneticsProteinsProteomicsSoftware tools ePublished: 18 March 2003 Issue Published: 18 March 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment of Congenital Osteopetrosis with High-Dose Calcitriol
Authors: Lyndon Key, David Carnes, Sessions Cole, Marijke Holtrop, Zvi Bar-Shavit, Fred Shapiro, Robert Arceci, James Steinberg, Caren Gundberg, Arnold Kahn, Steven Teitelbaum, Constantine Anast
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We administered high doses of calcitriol (up to 32 μg per day) to an infant with malignant osteopetrosis, in an attempt to stimulate bone resorption. The patient was placed on a low-calcium diet to prevent hypercalcemia. Measures of bone turnover increased during calcitriol therapy; hydroxyproline excretion rose from 140 to 1358 μg per milligram of creatinine per 24 hours, with parallel increases in the ratio of calcium to creatinine in the urine, urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, serum osteocalcin, and serum alkaline phosphatase. A pretreatment bone-biopsy specimen contained no osteoclasts with ruffled borders, a feature of active osteoclasts. After 11 days of calcitriol, ruffled borders were noted. After three months, numerous osteoclasts with ruffled borders and associated bony disruption were evident. Before therapy, the patient's monocytes were incapable of in vitro bone resorption, but after calcitriol, their resorptive capacity was increased to 3.3 times control levels. These data demonstrate that calcitriol increased bone mineral and matrix turnover in our patient. However, during the three months of calcitriol therapy there was only slight clinical improvement in her severe disease. Early and sustained treatment with calcitriol may be useful in osteopetrosis. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:409–15.)
Abstract 5110: The role triptolide in sensitizing lung tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis
Authors: Gan Wang, Xiaoxin Susan Xu, Yi Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cisplatin is an anticancer drug used in treatment for many types of cancer, including lung cancer. The quick development of tumor cell drug resistance, however, greatly hindered the effectiveness of cisplatin in cancer treatment. Exploring new strategies that can sensitize tumor cells to cisplatin treatment, therefore, is essential for improving the effectiveness of cisplatin in cancer treatment. Triptolide is a bioactive ingredient isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used to treat immune-related disorders. Recent studies revealed that Triptolide possesses potent antitumor properties through CDK7-depedent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) degradation and global transcription inhibition by binding to the XPB subunit of general transcription factor TFIIH and inhibiting its ATPase activity. We have studied the possibility of using Triptolide to sensitize lung tumor cell to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Using both HTB182 and CRL5985 lung tumor cells, our caspase 3 activation studies demonstrated that the presence of low-level Triptolide greatly sensitized these lung tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our western blots results indicated that the presence of low-level Triptolide increased the cisplatin-induced expression of PUMA but reduced expression of Bcl-XL in these lung tumor cells. Our immune-blotting studies revealed that the RNA Pol II level was not significantly affected by the presence of low-level Triptolide. Our real time PCR studies results indicated that expression levels of several tested genes also were not affected by the presence of Triptolide. These results suggest that the presence of low levels of triptolide sensitizes the lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through binding to XPB of the TFIIH and inhibiting the DNA repair activity for cisplatin DNA damage, resulting in increased apoptosis of the lung tumor cells. Therefore, the presence of low levels of triptolide sensitizes lung tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Citation Format: Gan Wang, Xiaoxin Susan Xu, Yi Zhang. The role triptolide in sensitizing lung tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5110. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5110
Type A behavior pattern and coronary atherosclerosis.
Authors: J A Blumenthal, R B Williams, Y Kong, S M Schanberg, L W Thompson
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Previous research has demonstrated an increased rate of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) events among people who exhibit a "coronary prone" (Type A) behavior pattern. This study was undertaken to determine whether the association between behavior pattern Type A and CHD might be extended beyond clinical CHD events to include also the coronary atherosclerotic process. In addition to usual clinical evaluation, 156 consecutive patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography were independently assessed on the basis of a structured interview and assigned a rating of Type A, Type B, or Type X (indeterminate). Traditional physiologic factors--age, sex, cholesterol and cigarette smoking--were found to correlate with atherosclerotic disease. Type A patients were found in increasing proportions among groups of patients with coronary occlusions of moderate to severe degree compared with patients with only mild occlusions. This increasing proportion of Type A patients with increasing disease severity remained significant, even when age, sex, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level and cigarette smoking history were all simultaneously covaried. These findings suggest that, independently of traditional risk factors, behavior pattern Type A may contribute to the risk of clinical CHD events via effects on the atherosclerotic process.
CLINICAL CORRELATION OF BILATERAL SLANTHOLE TOMOGRAPHY FOR CARDIAC SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: J. D. Heironimus, M. O. Toney, J. V. Billingsley, M. W. Boykin, J. W. Brown
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Bright's Disease
Authors: J. B. Enticknap, C. L. Joiner
Journal: BMJ (1953)

PREMENSTRUAL TENSION SYNDROMEThe conclusion is that the simplest method of treating premenstrual tension is by means of diuretics such as ammonium chloride, and, if this is not effective, ethisterone or methyltestosterone should be tried. SummaryThe clinical features of premenstrual tension are described and the possible mode of origin of the various symptoms is discussed.Hydration, blood chemistry changes, autonomic nervous system responses, as well as psychogenic and personality factors are believed to play a part in the syndrome.A working hypothesis on which treatment was based is postulated.. Treatment was applied at various aetiological levels, including psychotherapy, dehydration therapy, and administration of progestogens and androgens.Psychotherapy has an important but limited role.Dehydration therapy was found to alleviate some of the symptoms only.The most effective methods of treat- ment were administration of a progestogen such as ethisterone or an androgen such as methyltestosterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
The 1982 epidemic--roller skating injuries.
Authors: T. D. Bunker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

A series of 100 roller skating injuries is presented. Roller skating injuries have been occurring at a higher rate than the previously reported skateboarding epidemic of 1977. The severity of injury has been lower, 32% fractures and dislocations occurring whilst roller skating, compared to 60% whilst skateboarding. In particular a striking reduction is seen in ankle fractures. Fifty questionnaires detailing method of injury were analysed.
The Role of Risk Stratification in the Early Management of a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ronald J. Krone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To review the literature on early management of myocardial infarction.Papers published or referenced in major English-language cardiology journals for the last 15 years.Large recent multicenter studies and the guidelines for early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force) were emphasized.A strategy for risk stratification was developed from information available in the emergency department, from the first days of the hospitalization, and before discharge to identify patients in whom intervention might improve prognosis.Treatment of myocardial infarction requires establishing patency of the infarct-related artery, usually with thrombolysis. Risk stratification begins in the emergency department (phase 1) using clinical (primarily the electrocardiogram) and historical data to identify patients at risk for massive infarction. For patients at highest risk, the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy must be assured and, if not effective, emergency angiography and mechanical reperfusion should be considered. During days 2 to 5, (phase 2), patients with large amounts of ischemic myocardium, postinfarction angina, "flash" pulmonary edema, or anterior non-Q infarctions are identified and studied. Predischarge (phase 3) stratification identifies those patients at risk for early death. A previous infarction, an ejection fraction less than 0.40, pulmonary congestion during the hospitalization, delayed afterpotentials on signal-averaged electrocardiography, symptomatic ventricular ectopic beats, decreased heart rate variability, limited exercise tolerance, or ischemia on exercise testing identifies patients at high risk. Patients with jeopardized myocardium must be identified for revascularization to try to improve survival. More data are needed to determine whether angioplasty or bypass surgery will improve prognosis in these patients.
The Neuroscience of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI for Deception Detection
Authors: Kevin A. Johnson, F. Andrew Kozel, Steven J. Laken, Mark S. George
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

As scientists developing the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect deception, we feel obligated to present both the capabilities and limitations of this emerging technology....
Adult Education for G.P
Authors: A. Gillie
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Australian medical researchers are attempting to formulate a response to some of the ethical issues in medical research. The debate over the in vitro fertilisation programme has highlighted some community concern about research ethics and the role of the ethics committee. While very little is known about Australian ethics committees, it appears that a two-tiered approach comprising both ethical review and scientific review is acceptable to the research community. However, this approach plus some problems with the nature of informed consent, begs the question of the role of these committees in the broader context of medical research in the community. Important aspects of a seminar for members of hospital ethics committees are reported.
Relaxation Therapy in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma: Effects on Basal Spirometric Values
Authors: Isabel V&aacute;zquez, Jos&eacute; Buceta
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Eighteen asthmatic children were divided into two 9-patient groups matched with respect to severity of the disease. The first group received a 6-week asthma self-management programme which included progressive relaxation training. The second group received the same programme without the relaxation training component. State anxiety and spirometric data (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC%) for both groups, obtained before and after each session with the therapist, showed that relaxation is effective in reducing state anxiety but does not modify basal spirometric values.
What will MSF do with your 47 000 Christmas gift?
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<i>The BMJ</i>’s readers have donated £47 086 to Médecins Sans Frontières since December—more than for any of our previous Christmas appeals. The humanitarian charity was “more stretched than ever” in 2014, already sending medical volunteers after natural and human made disasters all over the world. And then came Ebola. <b>Richard Hurley</b> found out how your generosity might help MSF in 2015. Thank you for your support
Medical Fees in Country Practice.
Authors: D. D. Haggard
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Phillipsburg, Kan., Oct. 15, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was very much interested in the article under the above caption which appeared inThe Journal, Oct. 6, 1906, by Dr. W. 0. Bridges. Having been a country practitioner for almost 14 years, I can verify his statements regarding the small fees of country physicians. The charges in western Kansas do not differ materially from those in Nebraska or Iowa. Why the fees are so inadequate can be explained by cut prices and superficial medical training. The question that interests most of us, however, is how to raise our fees sufficiently to inspire respect and confidence on the part of the laity. Dr. Bridges suggests that this can be attained by organization and a fee schedule. I do not believe that it can be accomplished in that way. In the first place all physicians do not have so keen a moral
Do Comorbid Anxiety Disorders Moderate the Effects of Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorder? Results From STEP-BD
Authors: Thilo Deckersbach, Amy T. Peters, Louisa Sylvia, Anna Urdahl, Pedro V.S. Magalhães, Michael W. Otto, Ellen Frank, David J. Miklowitz, Michael Berk, Gustavo Kinrys, Andrew Nierenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

At least 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder have a lifetime anxiety disorder. Individuals with both bipolar disorder and a co-occurring anxiety disorder experience longer illness duration, greater illness severity, and poorer treatment response. The study explored whether comorbid lifetime anxiety in bipolar patients moderates psychotherapy treatment outcome.In the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program randomized controlled trial of psychotherapy for bipolar depression, participants received up to 30 sessions of intensive psychotherapy (family-focused therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, or cognitive-behavioral therapy) or collaborative care, a three-session comparison treatment, plus pharmacotherapy. Using the number needed to treat, we computed effect sizes to analyze the relationship between lifetime anxiety disorders and rates of recovery across treatment groups after 1 year.A total of 269 patients (113 women) with a comorbid lifetime anxiety disorder (N=177) or without a comorbid lifetime anxiety disorder (N=92) were included in the analysis. Participants with a lifetime anxiety disorder were more likely to recover with psychotherapy than with collaborative care (66% compared with 49% recovered over 1 year; number needed to treat=5.88, small to medium effect). For patients without a lifetime anxiety disorder, there was no difference between rates of recovery in psychotherapy compared with collaborative care (64% compared with 62% recovered; number needed to treat=50, small effect). Participants with one lifetime anxiety disorder were likely to benefit from intensive psychotherapy compared with collaborative care (84% compared with 53% recovered; number needed to treat=3.22, medium to large effect), whereas patients with multiple anxiety disorders exhibited no difference in response to the two treatments (54% compared with 46% recovered; number needed to treat=12.5, small effect).Depressed patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid anxiety may be in particular need of additional psychotherapy for treating acute depression. These results need to be replicated in studies that stratify bipolar patients to treatments based on their anxiety comorbidity status.
Improvement of Endothelial Function With Dietary Flavanols Is Associated With Mobilization of Circulating Angiogenic Cells in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Christian Heiss, Sarah Jahn, Melanie Taylor, Wendy May Real, Franca S. Angeli, Maelene L. Wong, Nicolas Amabile, Megha Prasad, Tienush Rassaf, Javier I. Ottaviani, Shirley Mihardja, Carl L. Keen, Matthew L. Springer, Andrew Boyle, William Grossman, Stanton A. Glantz, Hagen Schroeter, Yerem Yeghiazarians
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
SURFACE IgE ON HUMAN BASOPHILS DURING HISTAMINE RELEASE
Authors: Karl E. Becker, T. Ishizaka, H. Metzger, K. Ishizaka, Philip M. Grimley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The distribution of surface IgE on human basophils was studied using fluorescence microscopy and immunoferritin electronmicroscopy. Redistribution of the IgE was dose, time and temperature dependent and required divalent anti-IgE. Cells which can release histamine in vitro were indistinguishable in these respects from cells which cannot. The redistribution was unaffected by the presence or absence of Ca(++). No correlation between the conditions required for optimal histamine release and for redistribution was observed. At low doses, optimal histamine release occurred in the absence of, or before, redistribution. At higher doses redistribution occurred in the absence of histamine release. Antigen-induced histamine release was unaccompanied by gross redistribution of the surface IgE. Since both histamine release and redistribution require bridging of IgE on basophils it is concluded that only certain kinds of cross-linking of the IgE effectively stimulates these cells.
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma after Renal Homotransplantation and Azathioprine and Prednisone Therapy
Authors: P. B. Doak, J. Z. Montgomerie, J. D. K. North, F. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Two patients developed reticulum cell sarcomata after they had been treated with azathioprine and prednisone in the course of cadaveric renal transplantation. Both had terminal widespread herpes simplex virus infection.Immunosuppressive therapy could be responsible for an increased risk of malignant lymphomata either directly or by facilitating infection with oncogenic viruses.
Kala-Azar — Progress against a Neglected Disease
Authors: Henry W. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Visceral leishmaniasis is a well-recognized disseminated protozoal infection in both children and adults, but it has long been shrouded in mysterious-sounding names such as Dumdum fever and kala-azar (Hindi for “black fever”). Leishman and Donovan described the disease in 1903, and nearly a century later, the report by Sundar and colleagues in this issue of the Journal 1 offers a current perspective on kala-azar and recent advances in treatment and prevention.Although visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in more than 60 countries, nearly all of the 500,000 new cases of symptomatic visceral disease that occur each year occur in rural areas of . . .
Clinical Trial Design in Studies of Corticosteroids for Bacterial Infections
Authors: STEPHEN WEITZMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Thirty-two studies of corticosteroid therapy for bacterial infection were examined for adherence to eight standards of clinical trial design. Only 44% used a concurrent control population; 41% were prospective experimental trials; but 84% did not use a double-blind technique, and 75% did not allocate treatment in a random manner. Only 59% of the studies adequately described criteria for diagnosis of the illness treated. The presence of underlying disease was tabulated in 12 studies, and the clinical extent of disease, a standard applicable to 22 studies, was considered in only 14. Possible complications of steroid administration were sought in only 12 studies. Reports on steroid therapy for septic shock adhered less to methodologic standards than did other studies. The therapeutic use of corticosteroids in acute infections has long been a controversy; this has been perpetuated by studies that are unsatisfying in their use of clinical trial design.
Clinical Importance of Infections due to Bacteroides fragilis and Role of Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: D. A. Leigh
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Out of 200 infections due to Bacteroides fragilis occurring over a period of three years 133 were related to the intestinal tract, 55 to the genitourinary tract, and the remainder were in bedsores and ulcers; 56% occurred in patients undergoing major intestinal surgery.B. fragilis was isolated in pure culture from 56% of the infections. In mixed culture it was most commonly associated with Klebsiella and Enterobacter species. Other anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 9% of the mixed cultures.Altogether 131 (65.5%) of the patients recovered without antibiotic therapy or further surgery, but 59 (29.5%) developed complications and 10 (5%) died. The commonest complication was abscess formation, and the incidence was highest with infections associated with malignancy (44%) and lowest with obstetric infections (5%). The mortality was 5% overall but in the presence of bacteraemia it rose to 33%.Only 43 patients received appropriate chemotherapy. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic, having a recovery rate of 78%, but this rate was little better than in untreated patients (65%). The role of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in preventing bacteroides infection remains to be studied.The incidence of the isolation of bacteroides from wound infections after major intestinal surgery rose from 13% in 1970 to 81% in 1973. This increase was due to both the accurate collection and care of specimens while in transit to the laboratory and the use of selective media for the isolation of bacteroides in laboratory culture. The importance of these precautions is emphasized.