tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Secretion in Growth-retarded Asthmatic Children
Authors: S. S. Sanders, A. P. Norman
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The serum growth hormone response to Bovril was studied in 12 growth-retarded children with severe asthma, and was found to be normal. Eight children who were receiving corticosteroids had been small for their age before starting steroid treatment. It is concluded that there is no case for treating growth-retarded asthmatic children with growth hormone.
Automated External Defibrillators and the Law of Unintended Consequences
Authors: David E. Haines
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Framework to Select Clinically Relevant Cancer Cell Lines for Investigation by Establishing Their Molecular Similarity with Primary Human Cancers
Authors: Garrett M. Dancik, Yuanbin Ru, Charles R. Owens, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Experimental work on human cancer cell lines often does not translate to the clinic. We posit that this is because some cells undergo changes in vitro that no longer make them representative of human tumors. Here, we describe a novel alignment method named Spearman's rank correlation classification method (SRCCM) that measures similarity between cancer cell lines and human tumors via gene expression profiles, for the purpose of selecting lines that are biologically relevant. To show utility, we used SRCCM to assess similarity of 36 bladder cancer lines with 10 epithelial human tumor types (N = 1,630 samples) and with bladder tumors of different stages and grades (N = 144 samples). Although 34 of 36 lines aligned to bladder tumors rather than other histologies, only 16 of 28 had SRCCM assigned grades identical to that of their original source tumors. To evaluate the clinical relevance of this approach, we show that gene expression profiles of aligned cell lines stratify survival in an independent cohort of 87 bladder patients (HR = 3.41, log-rank P = 0.0077) whereas unaligned cell lines using original tumor grades did not. We repeated this process on 22 colorectal cell lines and found that gene expression profiles of 17 lines aligning to colorectal tumors and selected based on their similarity with 55 human tumors stratified survival in an independent cohort of 177 colorectal cancer patients (HR = 2.35, log-rank P = 0.0019). By selecting cell lines that reflect human tumors, our technique promises to improve the clinical translation of laboratory investigations in cancer. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7398–409. ©2011 AACR.
Abstract B13: Occult progression by Apc-deficient intestinal crypts as a target for chemoprevention
Authors: Jared M. Fischer, Darryl Shibata, R Michael Liskay
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although Apc mutation is widely considered an initiating event in colorectal cancer, little is known about the earliest stages of tumorigenesis following sporadic Apc loss. Therefore, we have utilized a novel mouse model that facilitated the sporadic inactivation of Apc via frameshift reversion of Cre in single, isolated cells. Our system enables tracking the fates of Apc-deficient intestinal stem cells. Our results suggest that consistent with Apc being a “gatekeeper”, loss of Apc early in life during intestinal growth leads to adenomas or increased crypt fission, manifested by fields of mutant but otherwise normal-appearing crypts. By contrast, later-occurring in life Apc loss has minimal consequences with mutant crypts being less prone to either increased crypt fission or adenoma formation. Using the stem cell specific Lgr5-CreER mouse, in which Apc loss is induced at defined ages and in varying numbers of crypts, we find that Apc-deficient field size again correlates with progression to adenoma. To evaluate this early stage prior to adenoma formation as a therapeutic target, we examined the chemopreventive effects of sulindac on Apc-deficient crypt field formation. We found that sulindac reduces adenomas and inhibits the morphologically occult spread of Apc-deficient crypts. Taken together these results suggest that: 1) A field of Apc-deficient crypts is an important intermediate between loss of Apc and adenoma formation, 2) Earlier Apc loss promotes increased crypt fission and subsequent field formation, and 3) Normal-appearing Apc-deficient crypts are potential unappreciated targets for cancer screening and chemoprevention. Citation Format: Jared M. Fischer, Darryl Shibata, R Michael Liskay. Occult progression by Apc-deficient intestinal crypts as a target for chemoprevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
VACCINATION IN THE PHILIPPINES STILL EFFECTIVE
Authors: VICTOR G. HEISER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Recently many publications and statements have been circulated throughout the United States alleging that vaccination in the Philippines had not given protection against smallpox. Quotations from annual reports of the Philippine Health Service have been cited by the antivaccinationists showing that more than 50,000 deaths from smallpox have occurred in the Philippines during the last few years. The inference is that these deaths have occurred among the vaccinated. The inference is entirely without foundation, as the direct opposite actually occurred. The deaths are recorded almost entirely among the unvaccinated.  It may be recalled that during the Spanish regime and for some years after the American occupation more than 40,000 deaths from smallpox occurred annually in the Philippines. When systematic, properly controlled vaccination was instituted, the disease disappeared in the wake of the vaccinators. A striking example of this fact is furnished by the mortality statistics for the provinces surrounding Manila.
Stilboestrol diphosphate in hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid carcinoma.
Authors: G Sigurdsson, N J Woodhouse, S Taylor, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

27 phosphorylase b, except at a tenth of the normal rate.Activation of phosphorylase b, however, was restored to normal by addition of mouse muscle homogenates containing protein kinase but deficient in phosphorylase kinase.This therefore suggests a reduction in protein kinase activity in this patient's muscles.Similarly in the mother in the present study the defect involved in triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue may possibly be located at the protein kinase involved in the activation of tri- glyceride lipase.This defect may be on a familial basis since her obese daughter with a hyperlipaemia also showed a reduction in glycerol release from her adipose tissue on stimulation with isoprenaline, despite normal rises in tissue levels of cyclic-AMP.Further work is being conducted to clarify the exact nature of the defects in mobilization of triglycerides from adipose tissue in these two patients.It should be finally emphasized that this defect is likely to be of rare occurrence and is therefore likely not to be an aetiological factor in most overweight patients.
Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in UK children of primary school age: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Lucy J Griffiths, Theodora Pouliou, Carly Rich, Marco Geraci, Mario Cortina-Borja, Francesco Sera, Tim J Cole, Catherine Law, Heather Joshi, Andrew Ness, Carol Dezateux
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
South east Peru II: Delivery of primary medical care by hovercraft along the Apurimac river.
Authors: L Arrow, W M Gould, D C Langley, H F Pile, A M Prosser, C E White, D N Wood
Journal: BMJ (1984)

During the latter part of 1982 a joint services expedition travelled to Peru.The aims of this expedition included the setting up of the world's first hover doctor service on one of the main tributaries of the Amazon river to provide a primary medical care service for Campa and Quechua Indians living in villages close to the river.We describe the project, the problems encountered, and the prospects for the future. BackgroundThe Joint Services Expedition Trust was formed in 1960 to encourage major expeditions.Towards the end of 1978 Squadron Leader Michael Cole took a joint services team of 26 men to the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal to conduct a three month feasibility study.He used a small hovercraft on one of Nepal's major rivers to find out whether this craft was suitable to deliver primary medical care to people living along this violent river.Many lessons were learnt from that expedition, and the hovercraft was modified, but it was decided that a primary health care system using the hovercraft on that particular stretch of river was not practical at that time.That, however, was not the end of the story.Julian Latham, a former Rhodesian farmer, had been working in the Amazon basin of Peru for some years among the Quechua and Campa Indians, who live in village settlements close to the Apurimac river, and he had helped the people to establish a cooperative for the sale and marketing of their cash crops.Their health was poor, and a simple base hospital was built, but as the distances up or down river might mean a journey of more than 100 miles for some villagers, he realised that primary medical care must be more readily available.Canoe travel by river was both expensive and dangerous.Michael Cole's work in Nepal came to Julian Latham's attention, and another joint services expedition was conceived.The medical team Michael Cole gathered together a team of people who could help him achieve the aims he had laid down for the expedition.Applications were invited from doctors in the armed services, from dentists, engineers, pilots, administrators, etc, and the team was chosen from hundreds of applicants.Four general practitioners from a group practice in Devon had been invited to provide medical care as civilian members of the expedition.
Quality of life changes in COPD patients treated with salmeterol.
Authors: P W Jones, T K Bosh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were evaluated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following treatment with placebo, salmeterol 50 microg twice a day or 100 microg twice a day by metered-dose inhaler. Patients completed the disease-specific St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) at baseline and after 16 wk of treatment. Data from 283 patients (95 patients in the placebo group and 94 in each salmeterol group) were available for HRQoL analysis. Apart from a small difference in ages, all treatment groups were well matched at baseline in terms of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and HRQoL scores. Compared with placebo, salmeterol 50 microg twice a day was associated with significant improvements in SGRQ "Total" and "Impacts" scores which exceeded the threshold for a clinically significant change. This was not seen with salmeterol 100 microg twice a day. Changes in SGRQ and SF-36 scores correlated. They also showed a weak but significant relationship with FEV1. This study has shown that a modest change in lung function may be associated with clinically significant gain in health and well-being in COPD patients.
Mother who drowned her five children is granted a retrial after witness gave false evidence
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Andrea Yates, the Texas woman convicted in 2002 of drowning her five children in a bathtub, while suffering from postnatal depression, has been granted a new trial, after it was found that an expert medical witness for the prosecution had lied at her original trial.

Dr Park Dietz, a mental health expert who appeared for the prosecution, who was also a consultant for the television programme Law and Order , had told the trial court jury that there was an episode of that programme, in which a …
The Use of Alkali Therapy in Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Kashif A. Latif, Amado X. Freire, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Nauman Qureshi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The use of bicarbonate in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is controversial (1), especially in patients with severe DKA (pH  7.0) is not associated with better outcomes, when compared with saline-treated control subjects (2–5), and can generate lactate (3). The use of bicarbonate therapy in patients with severe DKA has not been addressed adequately, due to a lack of data on benefit or harm of bicarbonate therapy in severe DKA, but dogmatic use of bicarbonate …
Hermansky‐pudlak platelets: Further studies on release reaction and protein phosphorylations
Authors: Francine Rendu, Jacques Maclouf, Jean‐Marie Launay, Catherine Boinot, Sylviane Levy‐Toledano, Joseph Tanzer, Jacques Caen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Platelets from a patient with the Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome were studied. These platelets had decreased amounts of serotonin and adenine nucleotides, and a decreased number of mepacrine‐labeled dense bodies. β‐Thromboglobulin and acid hydrolases contained in alpha‐granules and lysosomes respectively were present in normal amount. Platelets in platelet‐rich plasma did not respond to collagen, but arachidonic acid and ionophore A 23187 induced normal aggregation and normal thromboxane (TX) synthesis. Alpha‐granule release was found impaired and remained subnormal even with high doses of inducers. In response to thrombin aggregation, release and TX synthesis of isolated metrizamide gradient platelets were found at lower than normal levels. Phosphorylation of P20 and P43 proteins was normal. Only a combination of ADP plus thrombin could restore a normal aggregation, with normal alpha‐granule and lysosome release and normal TX synthesis. These results indicated that in the absence of dense bodies: 1) the release of other granules is impaired; 2) the TX synthesis is delayed except when induced by arachidonic acid and A 23187 ionophore; 3) the absence of dense bodies could be compensated for by the addition of ADP which restores the impaired release reaction and TX formation; and 4) P20 and P43 polypeptides were phosphorylated as rapidly as those in normal platelets.
Effect of mineral dusts on metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro.
Authors: M Chamberlain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The mode of action of inorganic fibers as carcinogens is unknown. There is conflicting evidence whether they act by inducing lesions in DNA, such as initiating carcinogens, or alternatively act as promoters of carcinogenesis. Recent evidence has suggested that promoters inhibit the process of cell-to-cell chemical communication known as metabolic cooperation. Chinese hamster V79-4 cells in culture exhibit metabolic cooperation which can be blocked by the promoter tetraphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Three kinds of mineral dust were tested to determine whether or not they could interfere with the intercellular communication. The three dusts studied were: amosite, a fibrous asbestos from the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) standard reference series, which is a typical carcinogenic fibrous dust inducing pleural tumors following intrapleural injection into rats; ball-milled amosite, a nonfibrous dust derived from UICC amosite by ball-milling, which has the physical properties characteristic of a noncarcinogenic dust; and Min-U-Sil silica, a widely available sample of fibrogenic quartz which does not induce pleural tumors following intrapleural injection into rats. The results demonstrated that metabolic cooperation between V79-4 cells cannot be reduced by carcinogenic asbestos fibers or by relatively large numbers of nontoxic dust particles. It is concluded that if inorganic fibers promote carcinogenesis, then they do not operate by blocking metabolic cooperation.
Autocrine role of interleukin 1beta in altered responsiveness of atopic asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle.
Authors: H Hakonarson, D J Herrick, P G Serrano, M M Grunstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The role of IL-1beta in regulating altered airway responsiveness in the atopic/asthmatic sensitized state was examined in isolated rabbit tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) tissue and cultured cells passively sensitized with sera from atopic asthmatic patients or nonatopic/nonasthmatic (control) subjects. During half-maximal isometric contraction of the tissues with acetylcholine, relative to control TSM, the atopic sensitized TSM exhibited significant attenuation of both their maximal relaxation (P < 0.001) and sensitivity (i.e., -log dose producing 50% maximal relaxation) to isoproterenol and PGE2 (P < 0.05), whereas the relaxation responses to direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin were similar in both tissue groups. The impaired relaxation responses to isoproterenol and PGE2 were ablated in sensitized TSM that were pretreated with either the IL-1 recombinant human receptor antagonist or an IL-1beta-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, extended studies demonstrated that, in contrast to their respective controls, both passively sensitized rabbit TSM tissue and cultured cells exhibited markedly induced expression of IL-1beta mRNA at 6 h after exposure to the sensitizing serum, a finding similar to that also obtained in passively sensitized human bronchial smooth muscle tissue. Finally, unlike their respective controls, passively sensitized TSM tissue and cultured cells also displayed progressively enhanced release of IL-1beta protein into the culture media for up to 24 h after exposure to atopic/asthmatic serum. Collectively, these observations provide new evidence demonstrating that the altered responsiveness of atopic/asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle is largely attributed to its autologously induced expression and autocrine action of IL-1beta.
The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol
Authors: Axel Petzold, Mike P. Wattjes, Fiona Costello, Jose Flores-Rivera, Clare L. Fraser, Kazuo Fujihara, Jacqueline Leavitt, Romain Marignier, Friedemann Paul, Sven Schippling, Christian Sindic, Pablo Villoslada, Brian Weinshenker, Gordon T. Plant
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2014)
Should we stop using intravenous gentamicin in patients with cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Christopher H Goss
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have shown continual annual improvement in survival in many countries.1–4 The improvements in outcome have been attributed to better treatments and a multidisciplinary approach to care focused in care centres with specific expertise in CF.5–8 As survival improves, we may start increasingly to see adverse events related to intensive treatments used to battle the chronic airway infections and airway inflammation in CF.

Because of chronic lung infections, patients with CF receive repeated courses of oral, inhaled and intravenous antibiotics, some of which are known to be nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides. The primary defect in CF, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR), is expressed in the kidney but its function is unknown.9 In this issue of Thorax , Smyth and colleagues10 present data on the association of intravenous aminoglycosides—particularly gentamicin—and acute renal failure (ARF) in the UK ( see page 532 ). The authors have published a previous report in Thorax in which they established an incidence of ARF in CF of 4.6–10.5 cases per 10 000 patients per year.11 The associated use of aminoglycosides and renal failure in this population seemed clear, and most of the patients with ARF had received intravenous gentamicin treatment. In their current paper the authors have moved forward to assess these associations more formally by conducting a case-control study to determine which factors were associated with an increased risk of ARF in these patients. They found that intravenous aminoglycoside use (particularly gentamicin) was associated with ARF, with an odds ratio of 81.8 (95% CI 4.7 to 1427). When they evaluated aminoglycoside use during the previous year, gentamicin (and not tobramycin) was associated with ARF (gentamicin: 19/24 cases vs 1/42 controls, p<0.001; tobramycin: 9/24 cases vs 15/42 controls, p = 0.9). They also found that …
Pharmacologic regulation of histamine release by the human recombinant histamine-releasing factor
Authors: Roy Bheekha-Escura, Stacy R. Chance, Jacqueline M. Langdon, Donald W. MacGlashan, Susan M. MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Background: The recently cloned human recombinant IgE-dependent histamine releasing factor (HrHRF) was initially thought to stimulate histamine release from human basophils from a subpopulation of allergic donors by interacting with the IgE molecules on the surface of these cells. Additional data suggest that HrHRF exerts its biologic effects by binding to a distinct cell surface structure and not to IgE. Objective: To address the hypothesis that the HrHRF signaling pathway is distinct from the classical high-affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) pathway, we used pharmacologic agents known to affect basophil histamine release. Methods: In this report we compared the effect of staurosporine, Bis II, Gö 6976, rottlerin, and pertussis toxin on histamine release from human basophils mediated by the following stimuli: HrHRF, polyclonal human anti-IgE antibody, and antigen, as well as the IgE-independent stimulus, FMLP. Results: None of these modulators, except rottlerin, could differentiate histamine release induced by anti-IgE or antigen from that induced by HrHRF. Rottlerin enhanced HrHRF-mediated histamine release and dose dependently blocked FMLP-mediated release without affecting basophil activation by either anti-IgE or antigen. Conclusion: These data suggest a unique signaling pathway for HrHRF and thus strengthen the hypothesis that HrHRF binds to a specific receptor other than IgE. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:937-43.)