tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tolbutamide in the Treatment of Parkinsonism
Authors: Grant L. Heller
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A RECENT preliminary report on the use of tolbutamide in paralysis agitans stated that 11 of 15 patients with this disorder showed considerable decrease in rigidity, tremor, or both, after the administration of this hypoglycemic agent. 1 Improvement of mask-like facies and speech was also noted in several patients. The authors found that the effect was not related to hypoglycemia and was present whether or not antispasmodic medicaments were given.  This paper will report a double-blind study of 39 patients with Parkinsonism who were given both tolbutamide and a placebo, either alone or in combination with other antispasmodic or antihistaminic drugs. The series was composed of 20 males and 19 females. No diabetic patients were included. Twenty-one patients had idiopathic Parkinsonism, 7 were arteriosclerotic, and 11 had the postencephalitic form of the disorder. Random numbers were assigned to bottles containing either tolbutamide or the placebo. This numbering system avoided the
ASBESTOSIS BODIES IN SPUTUM AND LUNG
Authors: KENNETH M. LYNCH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Asbestosis has, of comparatively recent time, assumed a position of prominent and perhaps peculiar interest in the field of pneumonoconiosis and occupational disease. While the asbestos industry is more than two thousand years old, it is only within the past few years that it has assumed the prominent place which it now occupies in the industrial arts. Until recently asbestosis has been assumed to be essentially silicosis, and the free silica has been thought to constitute the dangerous factor in pneumonoconiosis as contrasted with the relative harmlessness of other dusts. It has come to attention within the last three or four years that there is a peculiar characteristic in the state of asbestosis, not found in silicosis, and it is our purpose in this report to record some data that have come to hand, since American medicine thus far has no report on this peculiar condition and to the end
Subdural Hematoma in Regularly Hemodialyzed Patients
Authors: ARTHUR LEONARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Thirteen of 394 (3.3%) regularly dialyzed patients of the Regional Kidney Disease Program developed subdural hematoma. The following factors contributed to formation of subdural hematoma: head trauma, ultrafiltration to control excessive accumulation of fluid and hypertension, anticoagulants, and frequent vascular access infection and clotting. Neurologic symptoms and signs, which may be similar to dialysis disequilibrium, aid only in signifying the presence, not the ultimate localization, of subdural hematoma. Our experience underscores the frequency of bilateral disease, irrespective of neurologic findings. Skull films, lumbar puncture, and electroencephalography were of little diagnostic help. Although valuable and safe, brain scanning was not as useful as desired due to occurrences of false-negative studies and failure to identify bilaterality of lesions. Cerebral angiography was always diagnostic. Surgical intervention yielded disappointing results, and only 2 patients (15%) survived. A review of 9 other patient reports is included.
Cope in office.
Authors: T Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1990)

extrapolated that tuberculosis would be eradicated by the year 2005, but now the disease has made a comeback, especially in young blacks, older hispanics, nursing home inmates, and people with AIDS.Being foreign born confers a 13-fold risk-especially for newcomers from Asia.I learnt about new nucleic acid probes, diagnostic tests that have already become cheaper and less time consuming than cultures.Also how six months' treatment is effective provided both isoniazid and rifampicin are used, nine months' if you include pyrazinamide.I even asked a question at the end -the visitor replied he could not be certain.After the lecture I espied a rheumatologist in the audience.He took one look and said it was an inflamed olecranon bursa, with a "hole" on top, probably infected with staphylococcus.He agreed with the antibiotics and said that the bursa should be aspirated in four days if it was not better by then.There was a
Interaction of Sodium Warfarin and Rifampin
Authors: ROBERT A. O'REILLY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

To evaluate the mechanism of the decrease in the hypoprothrombinemia of warfarin therapy induced by rifampin, single doses of warfarin were administered orally as well as intravenously to 10 normal subjects. Rifampin therapy in the usual dosage, 600 mg a day orally, was started 3 days before the warfarin dose and continued for the duration of the hypoprothrombinemia. We found a highly significant decrease in both the mean area of the one-stage prothrombin time (P < 0.001) and the mean area of warfarin in plasma (P < 0.001), in comparison with the effects of warfarin alone administered by the same route. These data rule out any significant effect of rifampin on the gastrointestinal absorption of the anticoagulant and suggest that the antibiotic enhances the elimination of warfarin from the body.
Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease in the Elderly
Authors: T. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MITRAL VALVOTOMY MBRTirr contributory factor to late deaths: 7.5 % of cases with fibrillation as against 7.2% of those in sinus rhythm.Influence of Valvotomy upon the Mitral Diastolic Murmur.-From the clinical data available it was possible to ascertain in 162 cases whether the final size of the valve bore any relation to the abolition of the pre-operative diastolic murmur.IX was found that when the final size of the valve was 4 cm.or more the diastolic murmur disappeared in 67.2% of cases (Table VIII).In those with a final valve size of less than 4 cm. the diastolic murmur disappeared in 10.9%.TABLE VIII.-FinalValve Size Related to Presence of Diastolic Murmur (Assessed at Six Months to Nine Years) Valve Diameter Diastolic Murmur at End of Operation Present Absent 2-0 cm. 4 2-5,, 33 2 3-0,, 29 2 3-5,, 24 7 4-0 10 16 4 5 10 25 Total .. 110 52Reoperation.-Repeatvalvotomy was required in 21 cases (10%).In the light of recent work (Belcher, 1958, 1960) most of these must be regarded as instances of " false " restenosis.The transventricular route using the dilator was found to be satisfactory in all cases and a good valvotomy was accomplished.The need for reoperation became apparent in most cases beween three and five years.Doubtless a number of the earlier cases will yet require further surgery.
Lymphocyte Transformation
Authors: Bryan Walton
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In vitro tests for cell-mediated immunity were conducted in a group of patients and physicians whose histories suggested the possibility of hypersensitivity to halothane. The results of tests for lymphocyte transformation in these subjects were not significantly different from the results in a group of normal controls. These findings, therefore, have failed to confirm previously reported work, in which it was claimed that positive lymphocyte transformation was demonstrated in ten of 15 patients with alleged halothane hepatitis.
Alzheimer’s disease candidate gene PION is differentially expressed in human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Min Zhu, David Saffen
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background PION (Pigeon homologue protein), located on chromosome 7q11.23, encodes gSAP (gamma-secretase activating protein), which is cleaved to form a 16 kDa Cterminal fragment (gSAP-16K) that interacts with gamma-secretase to facilitate the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein-beta-C-terminal fragment (APP-betaCTF), releasing the neurotoxic peptide A-beta [He G, et al, Nature 2010]. The study by He G, el al. also demonstrated that partial siRNA-mediated inhibition of gSAP expression in N2a cells reduces A-beta production, suggesting that gSAP-16K modulates APP-beta-CTF cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these observations suggest that levels of PION gene expression in human brain may also affect levels of A-beta production and thereby influence the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The goal of the present study is to quantify variation of PION mRNA expression in human prefrontal cortex and identify haplotypes and/or combinations of genotypes that predict high- or low-levels of mRNA expression. Methods Sixty-four independent frozen sections of prefrontal cortex (Han Chinese autopsy samples; Brodmann area 46) were obtained from the China Brain Bank Center (Wuhan, China). Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated using standard techniques. A common SNP, rs2037753 (heterozygosity = 0.422), located within exon 16 of PION mRNA was chosen as am olecular marker to distinguish mRNAs derived from each autosomal allele. SNaPShot © -based AEI assays were carried out as previously described [Lim JE,Molecular Psychiatry, 2007]. Analysis of population distributions of log2AEI ratios was carried out using a mathematical model developed in-house. Levels of PION mRNA relative to mRNA encoding the house-keeping gene GAPDH were quantified by real-time PCR (calculated as ΔCt). Genomewide genotyping of all the above samples was carried out using HumanOmni1-Qad arras (Illumina) arrays. SNPs with genotypes that correlate with relative expression of PION mRNA were identified by linear regression analysis for SNPs within a 205,650 base pair region of chromosome 7 centered on PION. Results
Premenstrual Syndrome and Personality Traits: A Study on 110 Pregnant Patients
Authors: G. Foresti, M. Ferraro, P. Reithaar, C. Berlanda, M. Volpi, D. Drago, R. Cerutti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

Five specific personality traits (emotivity, acceptance of sexual role, parental aptness, anxiety and depression) have been analyzed for this study of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS), conducted on a group of 110 women in advanced (8th month) pregnancy. The comparison of the results from the personality tests and from the overall assessment of the PMS (82%) establishes definite correlations between the syndrome's intensity and the tendency toward a pathologic personality. A further correlation of each personality trait and of the PMS shows that the greater deviation from normalcy affects not only those women who suffer from a severe PMS, but also those who complain of no premenstrual symptoms at all. Such a finding (as shown in the results of a separate previous study by our group) allows to conclude that a psychological normalcy or balance finds its equivalent in an absence, but more often in a scarce presence of premenstrual complaints, while an absolute absence or a very marked intensity of these complaints should correspond to the more extreme degrees of personality disturbance.
Guidelines for Treatment of Anthrax—Reply
Authors: Thomas Inglesby
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Magical Thinking and Imipramine Poisoning in Two School-aged Children
Authors: Victor C. Herson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Two young school-aged boys took an overdose of imipramine hydrochloride to help their enuresis. One child died, and the other required resuscitation. An office survey found that one third of school-aged children did not realize the potentially hazardous consequences of taking extra amounts of prescription medications. Physicians might be able to prevent similar needless tragedies by warning both the child and the parents of the unusual lethality of imipramine and other dangerous prescription drugs. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1926-1927, 1979)
A Controlled Trial of Zidovudine in Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Sabine Kinloch De Loës, Bernard J. Hirschel, Bruno Hoen, David A. Cooper, Brett Tindall, Andrew Carr, Jean Hilaire Saurat, Nathan Clumeck, Adriano Lazzarin, Lars Mathiesen, François Raffi, Francisco Antunes, Jan Von Overbeck, Ruedi Lüthy, Michel Glauser, David Hawkins, Christophe Baumberger, Sabine Yerly, Thomas V. Perneger, Luc Perrin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

It is possible that antiretroviral treatment given early during primary infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may reduce acute symptoms, help preserve immune function, and improve the long-term prognosis.
Cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: A comparative clinicohistopathologic and survival outcome analysis of 45 cases according to the primary tumor site
Authors: Woo Jin Lee, Joon Min Jung, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Jee Ho Choi, Kee Chan Moon, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Mi Woo Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Tbx3 promotes liver bud expansion during mouse development by suppression of cholangiocyte differentiation
Authors: Timo H.‐W. Lüdtke, Vincent M. Christoffels, Marianne Petry, Andreas Kispert
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

After specification of the hepatic endoderm, mammalian liver organogenesis progresses through a series of morphological stages that culminate in the migration of hepatocytes into the underlying mesenchyme to populate the hepatic lobes. Here, we show that in the mouse the transcriptional repressor Tbx3, a member of the T-box protein family, is required for the transition from a hepatic diverticulum with a pseudo-stratified epithelium to a cell-emergent liver bud. In Tbx3-deficient embryos, proliferation in the hepatic epithelium is severely reduced, hepatoblasts fail to delaminate, and cholangiocyte rather than hepatocyte differentiation occurs. Molecular analyses suggest that the primary function of Tbx3 is to maintain expression of hepatocyte transcription factors, including hepatic nuclear factor 4a (Hnf4a) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha (Cebpa), and to repress expression of cholangiocyte transcription factors such as Onecut1 (Hnf6) and Hnf1b. Conclusion: Tbx3 controls liver bud expansion by suppressing cholangiocyte and favoring hepatocyte differentiation in the liver bud. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Women in India forced to have hysterectomies
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Women with learning disabilities in India can be forced to have hysterectomies, said Maharashta's state government last week. The ruling follows a nationwide controversy that erupted last month when gynaecologists carried out hysterectomies on 11 women with learning disabilities at a hospital in Pune in Maharashta.

The women, aged between 18 and 35, are residents of an institution run by the government. Health authorities claim that consent was given by the women's parents or other lawful guardians and that the operations were done to maintain the women's hygiene during menstruation and to prevent …
Abstract 2424: CD40 expression in human solid tumors and NCI60 tumor cell lines.
Authors: Dat Nguyen, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, Stephen M. Hewitt, James H. Doroshow, Sherry X. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cell-surface CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) expressed and functionally well characterized in immune and hematopoietic cells. However, its expression and role in human solid tumors remain to be evaluated. As a molecular target currently with the antibody-based cancer therapy, it is important to characterize expression of CD40 across a range of human solid tumors and cancer cell lines. This could help improve our understanding of biology of CD40 molecule in human cancers especially epithelial tumors, and in turn increase the odds of success of targeting CD40 pathway. Expression of CD40 in the NCI60 human tumor cell lines and common types of human solid tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens. CD40, predominantly membranous signal, was constitutively expressed in 15 lines, respectively derived from carcinomas of the breast, colorectum, non-small cell lung, ovary, prostate, and renal cell, of the NCI60 tumor cell line panel, and confirmed by Western blotting and gene expression microarray data available at http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/mtweb/search.jsp. CD40 expression was largely in accordance with the mRNA expression data measured by gene expression profiling. The status of CD40 was verified in MDA-MB-231, T-47D and HCT-116 cells (CD40-positive), and MCF-7 and HT-29 cells (CD40-negative) by Western blot. Moreover, CD40 was detected in tumor cells in 17% (6/34) of breast cancer, 24% (8/34) colorectal cancer, 54% (23/43) non-small cell lung cancer, and 47% (17/36) ovarian cancer. CD40 was also spotted in infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor stroma. The data indicate that CD40 is expressed in human solid tumors with varying expression frequencies and one quarter of cancer cell lines examined. In addition, we have established a ready-for-use immunohistochemistry assay with an antibody that specifically detects CD40 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor samples. Its application holds promise to evaluate the prognostic role of CD40 in human cancers. Citation Format: Dat Nguyen, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, Stephen M. Hewitt, James H. Doroshow, Sherry X. Yang. CD40 expression in human solid tumors and NCI60 tumor cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2424. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2424
Factors Associated With Glycemic Control: A cross-sectional nationwide study in 2,579 French children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Myriam Rosilio, Jean-BenoîT Cotton, Marie-Claire Wieliczko, Bénédicte Gendrault, Jean-Claude Carel, Olga Couvaras, Nicole Ser, Pierre Gillet, Sylvie Soskin, Patrick Garandeau, Chantal Stuckens, Bernard Le Luyer, Joseph Jos, Hélène Bony-Trifunovic, Anne-Marie Bertrand, France Leturcq, Antoine Lafuma, Pierre-François Bougnères
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine on a large scale the multiple medical and nonmedical factors that influence glycemic control in the general population of children with diabetes, we performed a nationwide French cross-sectional study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled 2,579 patients aged 1–19 years with type 1 diabetes of &amp;gt; 1 year's duration. The study was center based: 270 centers were identified, 206 agreed to participate, and 147 included at least 90% of their patients. Questionnaires were completed by physicians interviewing patients and family, and HbA1c measurements were centralized. To identify explanatory variables for HbA1c level and frequency of severe hypoglycemia, we performed multiple regression analysis using all the quantitative variables collected and stepwise logistic regression for the qualitative variables. RESULTS Mean HbA1c value for the whole population was 8.97 ± 1.98% (normal 4.7 ± 0.7% [SD]). Only 19 children (0.7%) had ketoacidosis during the 6 months before the study, whereas 593 severe hypoglycemia events occurred in 338 children (13.8%). Control was better in university-affiliated hospitals and centers following &amp;gt; 50 patients, reflecting the importance of access to experienced diabetologists. Children had a mean of 2.3 injections, allegedly performed 2.8 glucose measurements per day, and were seen an average of 4.6 times per year at the center. In the multiple regression analysis, 94% of the variance of HbA1c was explained by our pool of selected variables, with the highest regression coefficient between HbA1c and age (Rc = 0.43, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), then with daily insulin dosage per kilogram (Rc = 0.28, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), mother's age (Rc = 0.26, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), frequency of glucose measurements (Rc = 0.21, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and diabetes duration (Rc = 0.14, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression identified quality of family support and dietary compliance, two related qualitative and possibly subjective variables, as additional explanatory determinants of HbA1c. The frequency of severe hypoglycemia was 45 per 100 patient-years and correlated with diabetes duration, but not with HbA1c levels or other variables. CONCLUSIONS Although overall results remain unsatisfactory, 33% of studied French children with type 1 diabetes had HbA1c &amp;lt;8%, the value obtained in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial adolescents treated intensively. Diabetes management in specialized centers should be encouraged.
The p53 Isoform Δp53 Lacks Intrinsic Transcriptional Activity and Reveals the Critical Role of Nuclear Import in Dominant-Negative Activity
Authors: Wan Mui Chan, Randy Y.C. Poon
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The transcription factor p53 is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressors. Recent progress has unraveled several novel isoforms of p53. Intriguingly, one of the p53 isoform, Δp53, which lacks part of the DNA binding domain, was reported to be transcriptionally active toward some p53 target genes and is critical for the intra–S phase checkpoint. Here, we show that, in contrast to full-length p53, ectopically expressed Δp53 neither transactivated the promoters of p21CIP1/WAF1 or murine double minute-2 (MDM2) nor repressed the cyclin B1 promoter in unstressed H1299 cells. Due to the deletion of a nuclear localization signal, Δp53 was not imported into the nucleus. Engineering of nuclear localization signals to Δp53 restored nuclear accumulation. However, the nuclear-targeting Δp53 remained inactive, indicating that the lack of intrinsic activity of Δp53 was not simply due to subcellular localization but to its incomplete DNA binding domain. Similar to p53, Δp53 was subjected to MDM2-mediated ubiquitination/proteolysis. The cytoplasmic localization of Δp53 correlated with the instability of the protein because forcing Δp53 into the nucleus increased its stability. Although Δp53 could form a complex with p53 and stimulated the cytoplasmic retention of p53, it was not a robust inhibitor of p53. Targeting Δp53 into the nucleus enhanced the dominant-negative activity of Δp53. These observations underscore the critical role of subcellular localization in the dominant-negative action of p53. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1959–69]