tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Performance of the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) Bleeding Score in a Contemporary Spanish Cohort of Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Emad Abu-Assi, José María Gracía-Acuña, Ignacio Ferreira-González, Carlos Peña-Gil, Pilar Gayoso-Diz, José Ramón González-Juanatey
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) model provides a risk score that predicts the likelihood of major bleeding in patients hospitalized for non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of this model in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction in Spain.The study subjects were 782 consecutive patients admitted to our center between February 2004 and June 2009 with non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. For each patient, we calculated the CRUSADE risk score and evaluated its discrimination and calibration by the C statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, respectively. The performance of the CRUSADE risk score was evaluated for the patient population as a whole and for groups of patients treated with or without >or=2 antithrombotic medications and who underwent cardiac catheterization or not. The median CRUSADE score was 30 points (range, 18 to 45). A total of 657 patients (84%) were treated with >or=2 antithrombotic, of whom 609 (92.7%) underwent cardiac catheterization. The overall incidence of major bleeding was 9.5%. This incidence increased with the risk category: very low, 1.5%; low, 4.3%; moderate, 7.8%; high, 11.8%; and very high, 28.9% (P<0.001). For the patients as a whole, for the groups treated with or without >or=2 antithrombotics, and for the subgroup treated with >or=2 antithrombotics who did or did not undergo cardiac catheterization, the CRUSADE score showed adequate calibration and excellent discriminatory capacity (Hosmer-Lemeshow P>0.3 and C values of 0.82, 0.80, 0.70, and 0.80, respectively). However, it showed little capacity to discriminate bleeding risk in patients treated with >or=2 antithrombotics who did not undergo cardiac catheterization (C=0.56).The CRUSADE risk score was generally validated and found to be useful in a Spanish cohort of patients treated with or without >or=2 antithrombotics and in those treated with or without >or=2 antithrombotics who underwent cardiac catheterization. More studies are needed to clarify the validity of the CRUSADE score in the subgroup treated with >or=2 antithrombotics who do not undergo cardiac catheterization.
The conduction system in tricuspid atresia with and without regular (d-) transposition.
Authors: S Bharati, M Lev
Journal: Circulation (1977)

This is a serial section examination of conduction system in six hearts with tricuspid atresia. Four had regular (d-) complete transposition and two did not have transposition. The conduction system was more or less the same in all the hearts. The atrioventricular (A-V) node was in the normal position posteriorly and was short. The A-V bundle was situated in the left ventricular aspect of the subendocardium and passed posteriorly to the ventricular septal defect. Even though this type of conduction system is abnormal in some respects, it is not the type one finds in single ventricle with small outlet chamber with regular (d-) transposition. In those hearts an anteriorly located A-V node is present. These findings further substantiate the concept that tricuspid atresia with or without transposition is not a form of single (primitive) ventricle.
TFF2/SP-deficient mice show decreased gastric proliferation, increased acid secretion, and increased susceptibility to NSAID injury
Authors: James J. Farrell, Douglas Taupin, Theodore J. Koh, Duan Chen, Chun-Mei Zhao, Daniel K. Podolsky, Timothy C. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2), also known as spasmolytic polypeptide, is a member of the trefoil family of peptides and is expressed primarily in the mucous neck cells of the gastric mucosa. To study the physiologic role of TFF2, we have generated TFF2-deficient mice through targeted gene disruption. Homozygous mutant mice were viable and fertile without obvious gastrointestinal abnormalities. However, quantitative measurements revealed a significant decrease in gastric mucosal thickness and in gastric mucosal proliferation rates. In addition, there was a twofold increase in activated parietal cells resulting in a twofold increase in basal and stimulated gastric acid output and an undetectable serum gastrin level. The TFF2-deficient mice also showed a significant increase in the degree of gastric ulceration after administration of indomethacin. Taken together, these results suggest a physiologic role for TFF2 to promote mucosal healing through the stimulation of proliferation and downregulation of gastric acid secretion.
Renal Infarction after Aerobics
Authors: JAMES H. MONTGOMERY, M MOINUDDIN, J S BUCHIGNANI, J F ROCKETT, M K CALLISON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Renal infarction is most frequently due to emboli from the heart or aorta. Other causes include atheromatous disease, renal artery aneurysm, vasculitis, hypotension, hypercoagulable states, aortic dissection, and major trauma. Most renal infarctions are segmental. The extent of disease is dependent upon the size and number of renal vessels involved, coexistent renal disease, and collateral circulation. Flank pain, fever, leukocytosis, hematuria, renal failure, or hypertension may suggest the diagnosis, but these findings are nonspecific and diagnosis will depend not only on history and physical examination, but also on the appropriate imaging tests. The type of treatment is dictated by the etiology of the infarction.
A NEW VARICOSE VEIN OCCLUDER
Authors: H. O. McPheeters
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The injection treatment of varicose veins has passed the experimental stages and is now accepted as a standard mode of therapy for this condition. So much has been written on the history of this method of treating varicose veins that further repetition is needless. Suffice it to say that it has had many and just criticisms and though perfection has not been attained, yet the dangers and complications associated with the treatment can now be avoided and today it is the safest method for the treatment of varicose veins and their many complications. The theory of the treatment is based on three factors: The flow of blood in varicose veins is slowed or reversed. By the injection of various chemical solutions into the lumen of the vein a reaction is brought about on the intimal lining of the vein wall. The injected solution causes a change in the blood constituents
Drug resistant tuberculosis soars in eastern Europe
Authors: Chibuzo Odigwe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in parts of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union is 10 times as common as in most parts of the world, a new report from the World Health Organization said this week.

The report, which is WHO's third on drug resistant tuberculosis, contains new data obtained from the WHO/IUATLD (International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease) Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance.

Speaking at the report's launch in London this week, Dr Paul Nunn, coordinator of tuberculosis, HIV, and drug resistance at the Stop TB department of WHO, said: “We see about nine …
Discovertebral destruction in ankylosing spondylitis complicated by spinal cord compression.
Authors: P Jobanputra, B Kirkham, O Duke, A Crockard, G S Panayi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A 56 year old man with ankylosing spondylitis and discovertebral destruction presented with signs of spinal cord compression that was the result of the soft tissue reaction occurring at the level of the discovertebral destruction. This case emphasises the importance of early recognition, use of appropriate imaging techniques (computed tomographic myelography or magnetic resonance), and operative intervention in the management of this rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis.
Rapid Reduction in C-Reactive Protein With Cerivastatin Among 785 Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Nader Rifai, Susan Pitman Lowenthal
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Long-term therapy with hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has been shown to reduce levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). However, the generalizability, speed of onset, and dose-response characteristics of this effect are uncertain. Methods and Results —We measured CRP, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels among 785 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy with either 0.4 or 0.8 mg of cerivastatin. Overall, cerivastatin resulted in a 13.3% reduction in median CRP levels ( P &lt;0.001) and a 24.5% reduction in mean CRP levels ( P &lt;0.001). Although LDL-C promptly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (mean LDL-C reduction, 37.3% for 0.4 mg and 42.2% for 0.8 mg of cerivastatin), no clear dose-response effect of cerivastatin on CRP was observed, nor was there any substantive correlation between the magnitude of change in CRP and the magnitude of change in LDL-C ( r =−0.08) or the magnitude of change in HDL-C ( r =−0.04). Thus, &lt;2% of the variance in the percent change in CRP over 8 weeks could be attributed to the percent change in either of these lipid parameters. Further, there was no evidence of correlation between baseline CRP levels and baseline lipid levels or between end-of-study CRP levels and end-of-study lipid levels. Conclusions —Among 785 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, CRP levels were significantly reduced within 8 weeks of initiating cerivastatin therapy in a lipid-independent manner.
Significant Coronary Calcification Detected Using Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Isis W. Gayed, Osama A. Raslan, Priya R. Bhosale, Nancy D. Perrier, Wei Wei, Gregory Gladish
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Evaluate the significance of coronary arteries calcifications detected using contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CECCT) scans.A total of 145 patients who underwent both CECCT and gated stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) within 2 weeks were included. The chest CT scans were reviewed for the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) by 2 experienced blinded readers. The degree of calcifications seen in any visualized area of the major coronary arteries was graded on a scale of 1 to 3 (1 when 0 to 4 small scattered plaques were seen, 2 when 5 or more scattered plaques were seen, and 3 when diffuse contiguous calcification were seen). The grade of CAC was correlated with the presence of MPI abnormalities. Additionally, the locations of the MPI abnormality was correlated with the CAC grade in the culprit coronary artery.Of 580 major coronary arteries evaluated, 79% had grade 1 CAC, 10% had grade 2, 11% had grade 3, and 1% were inevaluable. Of the 145 patients, 33 (23%) had abnormal MPI results. Twenty-three of the patients with abnormal MPI results (70%) had more than 4 calcified plaques (CAC grade of 2 or 3) in one or more of their coronary arteries, whereas 41 of 122 patients with normal MPI results (37%) had similar CAC grades (P=0.001). Seventeen of the 33 patients (52%) who had MPI defects also had significant CAC in the culprit coronary artery, 7 patients (21%) had significant CAC in a different coronary artery from the MPI defect territory, 8 patients (24%) had no significant CAC visualized, and in 1 patient a pacemaker wire interfered with CAC grading in the culprit coronary artery (RCA). The sensitivity, specificity, the positive, and negative predictive values of grade 2 or 3 CAC for an abnormal MPI results were 70%, 63%, 36%, and 88%, respectively. When a subgroup of patients above 60 years old with grade 3 CAC was reanalyzed, the sensitivity, specificity, the positive, and negative predictive values for an abnormal MPI results were 69%, 73%, 41%, and 90%, respectively.Multiple diffuse CAC as detected during the interpretation of CECCT scans in combination with advanced age is a significant finding that warrants further investigation for functionally significant CAD.
Korea pushes forward on cloning front
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A team led by Hwang Woo-suk, professor of the college of veterinary medicine at Seoul National University, has successfully cloned a dog using somatic cell nuclear transfer. The Afghan hound puppy, named Snuppy, was born on 24 April and was one of only two live births from the 1095 eggs that were harvested. The second dog died as a result of aspiration pneumonia after 22 days.

Professor Hwang's team collected 1500 eggs from 123 surrogates and transferred 1095 eggs back to the same dogs. The cloning process presented unique technical challenges because canine eggs are not …
Chromosomal Instability Substantiates Poor Prognosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Samuel F. Bakhoum, Olga V. Danilova, Prabhjot Kaur, Norman B. Levy, Duane A. Compton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The specific role of chromosomal instability (CIN) in tumorigenesis has been a matter of conjecture. In part, this is due to the challenge of directly observing chromosome mis-segregation events as well as the inability to distinguish the role of CIN, which consists of increased rates of chromosome mis-segregation, from that of aneuploidy, which is a state of nondiploid chromosome number. Experimental Design: Here, we examine the contribution of CIN to the prognosis of patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by directly surveying tumor cells, fixed while undergoing anaphase, for evidence of chromosome mis-segregation. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained samples from a cohort of 54 patients were used to examine the relationship between frequencies of chromosome mis-segregation and patient prognosis, overall survival, and response to treatment. Results: We show that a two-fold increase in the frequency of chromosome mis-segregation led to a 24% decrease in overall survival and 48% decrease in relapse-free survival after treatment. The HR of death in patients with increased chromosome mis-segregation was 2.31 and these patients were more likely to present with higher tumor stage, exhibit tumor bone marrow involvement, and receive a higher International Prognostic Index score. Conclusions: Increased rates of chromosome mis-segregation in DLBCL substantiate inferior outcome and poor prognosis. This is likely due to increased heterogeneity of tumor cells leading to a larger predilection for adaptation in response to external pressures such as metastasis and drug treatments. We propose that targeting CIN would yield superior prognosis and improved response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7704–11. ©2011 AACR.
Standard Reference for the Six-Minute-Walk Test in Healthy Children Aged 7 to 16 Years
Authors: Albert M. Li, Jane Yin, Jun T. Au, Hung K. So, Tony Tsang, Eric Wong, Tai F. Fok, Pak C. Ng
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

We have previously reported that the six-minute-walk test (6MWT) is a reliable and valid functional test for assessing exercise tolerance and endurance. There is a lack of pediatric standard reference for the 6MWT.To construct height-specific standards for the 6MWT for children aged 7 to 16 years.The anthropometric data, spirometric lung function, and six-minute-walk distance (6MWD) of Chinese children aged 7 to 16 years were prospectively measured using standardized protocols. The findings were used to construct height-specific standards for the 6MWT. The least mean square (LMS) method using maximum penalized likelihood was used to facilitate model fitting. Factors significantly associated with 6MWD were also determined.From January 2005 to April 2006, a total of 1,445 subjects were studied. The measured variables showed a normal distribution. Height-specific reference standards for 6MWT were constructed for both male and female children. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed height and difference in heart rate before and after the walk test to be important clinical variables associated with 6MWD.These 6MWD standards will provide useful references for the care of pediatric patients.
Renal artery thrombosis caused by antihypertensive treatment.
Authors: A B Shaw, S K Gopalka
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Clearly, multiple sclerosis plaques may mimic gliomas on computed tomography.Absence of a mass effect has been suggested as a diagnos- tic criterion for demyelination,5 but confusion may still occur.Doubts about the nature of such a lesion may be resolved by either biopsy or serial computed tomography.
A critical analysis of RBRVS
Authors: C. S. Phibbs
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Dr Maloney's article reads more like a thoracic surgeon trying to defend his high income than a scientific critique on the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS). 1 His assumption that physicians should be paid time and a half after 40 hours of work per week, and double time after 48 hours, sets the analysis up to support his side of the debate. Since when do professionals receive overtime? Many, if not most, professionals with advanced degrees in the United States work quite long hours, with no additional compensation.  The effect of overtime is incorporated into the study by adjusting the hours worked per week. Since all of the specialties in this study averaged over 48 hours per week, this assumption doubles the reported 8.6-hour average difference in hours worked per week between surgical and medical specialties. This larger increase in the average hours worked per week for
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. VII. The painfully slow progress in medical education
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In 1847 the American Medical Association had already described some of the defects in the American medical scene, particularly in medical education. The convention had three major areas of complaint: the preliminary education of those who wanted to study medicine, the actual courses of instruction at the medical schools, and the examinations to be taken before the medical student could join the ranks of active practitioners. Today, we may observe parenthetically, the same three areas are still the subject of debate: What<i>is</i>the best preliminary education for those intending to study medicine? How can the curriculum be improved? What system of examination will best ensure competence? Today's answers, still in flux, show a lineal connection with the same problem areas of the 19th century. In its initial organization, the AMA wisely established several standing committees to provide better means for studying some major problems. The committee on education has
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in an Asian patient: a dramatic response to oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid)
Authors: S.M. Winhoven, I. Ahmed, C.M. Owen, J.T. Lear
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 152, Issue 2 p. 368-369 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in an Asian patient: a dramatic response to oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) First published: 23 February 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06286.xCitations: 8 Conflicts of interest: none declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume152, Issue2February 2005Pages 368-369 RelatedInformation
Abstract 4779: DNMT3B (a de novo DNA methyltransferase) epigenetically regulates gene expression, independent of its DNA methyltransferase activity
Authors: Khadijah A. Mitchell, Hariharan Easwaran, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic mechanisms used by cells to control gene expression. The de novo methyltransferases, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, establish new methylation patterns during early development. DNMT1, the maintenance methyltransferase, ensures propagation of hemi-methylated DNA. Human cancers are characterized by aberrant DNA methylation patterns, including global hypomethylation and hypermethylation of promoters at tumor suppressor genes. This latter change leads to transcriptional silencing. Experimentally, DNMT1 is capable of transcriptional repression without its methyltransferase activity, partially through interactions with histone-modifying enzymes. We hypothesized DNMT3B may also be capable of modulating gene expression independently of its methyltransferase activity, by recruiting repressive epigenetic proteins to the promoters of endogenous DNMT3B targets. Using an isogenic colorectal cancer cell culture model, we investigated the functional consequences of the removal and re-introduction of DNMT3B on target gene expression, methylation, and chromatin status. A stable genetic knock out cell line, transient shRNA knock down, and pharmacologic inhibition resulted in upregulation of a subset of candidate DNMT3B targets identified by gene expression arrays and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Interestingly, reintroduction of both wild-type and catalytically dead mutant DNMT3B in the knockout cells transcriptionally repressed the same loci. Infinium 450K arrays were performed to assess DNA methylation status. As expected, the loss of DNMT3B did not result in significant changes in global methylation at TSS, CpG islands, shores, shelves, and UTRs. However, in selected of the above targets, locus-specific demethylation was identified. Overexpression of both wild-type and catalytically dead mutant DNMT3B failed to restore local methylation, in concert with transcriptional repression of these loci, further suggesting an alternative regulatory mechanism to explain transcriptional changes. Interactions of DNMT3B with other repressive proteins could account for the above transcriptional repression. ChIP studies revealed LSD1, a histone demethylase that represses transcription, is lost in the 3B knockout cells but is recruited back to the promoters of repressed DNMT3B target genes with DNMT3B insertion. These data strongly suggest DNMT3B possesses a non-canonical function as a scaffold protein for transcriptional repressors. Citation Format: Khadijah A. Mitchell, Hariharan Easwaran, Stephen B. Baylin. DNMT3B (a de novo DNA methyltransferase) epigenetically regulates gene expression, independent of its DNA methyltransferase activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4779