tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review
Authors: J. A. Usher-Smith, M. J. Thompson, S. J. Sharp, F. M. Walter
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To identify the factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl and article reference lists. <b>Study selection</b> Cohort studies including unselected groups of children and young adults presenting with new onset type 1 diabetes that distinguished between those who presented in diabetic ketoacidosis and those who did not and included a measurement of either pH or bicarbonate in the definition of diabetic ketoacidosis. There were no restrictions on language of publication. <b>Results</b> 46 studies involving more than 24 000 children in 31 countries were included. Together they compared 23 different factors. Factors associated with increased risk were younger age (for &lt;2 years old <i>v</i> older, odds ratio 3.41 (95% confidence interval 2.54 to 4.59), for &lt;5 years <i>v</i> older, odds ratio 1.59 (1.38 to 1.84)), diagnostic error (odds ratio 3.35 (2.35 to 4.79)), ethnic minority, lack of health insurance in the US (odds ratio 3.20 (2.03 to 5.04)), lower body mass index, preceding infection (odds ratio 3.14 (0.94 to 10.47)), and delayed treatment (odds ratio 1.74 (1.10 to 2.77)). Protective factors were having a first degree relative with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis (odds ratio 0.33 (0.08 to 1.26)), higher parental education (odds ratios 0.4 (0.20 to 0.79) and 0.64 (0.43 to 0.94) in two studies), and higher background incidence of type 1 diabetes (correlation coefficient –0.715). The mean duration of symptoms was similar between children presenting with or without diabetic ketoacidosis (16.5 days (standard error 6.2) and 17.1 days (6.0) respectively), and up to 38.8% (285/735) of children who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis had been seen at least once by a doctor before diagnosis. <b>Conclusions</b> Multiple factors affect the risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults, and there is potential time, scope, and opportunity to intervene between symptom onset and development of diabetic ketoacidosis for both parents and clinicians.
Hepaticojejunostomy Using Short-Limb Roux-en-Y Reconstruction
Authors: Seth I. Felder, Vijay G. Menon, Nicholas N. Nissen, Daniel R. Margulies, Simon Lo, Steven D. Colquhoun
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

When performing biliary reconstruction, one of the long-standing tenets of surgery is that Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction should use a long hepatic limb to decrease the risk for postoperative cholangitis. However, this practice is not well supported and may also make postoperative biliary endoscopy difficult. While some authors recommend Roux limbs of up to 75 cm, we have routinely used a Roux length of 20 cm to facilitate possible postoperative endoscopic access.To review our experience with short-limb RY hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) and examine the short-term and long-term outcomes following this procedure, as well as the success of future biliary interventions.Retrospective medical record review of all patients who underwent short-limb RYHJ by 2 surgeons (N.N.N. and S.D.C.).Tertiary care, university-affiliated teaching hospital.One hundred patients who underwent RYHJ were identified, with 30 of those patients being excluded owing to creation of an RYHJ to intrahepatic bile ducts with concomitant liver resection.Patient records were reviewed to determine the incidence of postoperative cholangitis and biliary stricture. Secondary outcomes were the need for postoperative biliary endoscopy and success rates for endoscopic biliary interventions. RESULTS Seventy patients underwent short-limb RYHJ over an 11-year period (2001-2012). Indications included benign stricture (n = 18), malignant stricture (n = 12), choledochal cyst (n = 5), choledocholithiasis (n = 3), idiopathic cholangitis (n = 2), and deceased donor or live donor liver transplant (n = 30). Seven patients, including 4 liver transplant patients, developed clinical or radiographic evidence of postoperative biliary stricture, and all patients underwent successful endoscopic cholangiography. Four of these patients required dilation and/or stone extraction, which were accomplished endoscopically in all cases.Short-limb RYHJ is safe and associated with a low incidence of postoperative complications. In addition, biliary intervention, when indicated, can be performed endoscopically with a high degree of success. In the absence of any evidence demonstrating longer limbs to be superior, we recommend using short-limb RY reconstruction for HJ.
The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and food additive hypersensitivity
Authors: K.E. McKenna, M.Y. Walsh, D. Burrows
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article The Melkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome and food additive hypersensitivity Get access K.E. McKenna, K.E. McKenna Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.Y. Walsh, M.Y. Walsh Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Burrows D. Burrows Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 6, 1 December 1994, Pages 921–922, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08613.x Published: 01 December 1994
Outcome of restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis: comparison of distal colitis with more proximal disease.
Authors: D N Samarasekera, J F Stebbing, M G Kettlewell, D P Jewell, N J Mortensen
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND--An increasing number of patients with severe or refractory ulcerative colitis involving only the rectum and sigmoid colon are being offered restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir but very few data are available concerning the outcome for these patients. AIM--This study was designed to compare the outcome of ileal pouch procedures for distal ulcerative colitis with procedures performed for more extensive disease. PATIENTS--A consecutive series of 177 patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis between January 1984 and December 1994. METHODS--Data were collected prospectively in a dedicated ileal pouch database and included demographic details, indication for surgery, surgical procedures performed, early (&lt; 30 days) and late morbidity, functional outcome, and histopathology. RESULTS--There was no mortality in the series. The incidence and range of early morbidity (&lt; 30 days) and the functional outcome (daytime stool frequency, nocturnal frequency, and the incidence of incontinence) were similar for all groups. Log rank analysis of Kaplan-Meier estimates showed no significant difference between groups in the likelihood of developing pouchitis (p &gt; 0.2). CONCLUSIONS--Patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for distal colitis experience a similar outcome to patients with more extensive disease. These data refute the hypothesis that pouchitis is more common in patients with total colitis.
Post-operative pain relief: comparison of methadone and morphine when used concurrently with nitrous-oxide analgesia.
Authors: G. D. Parbrook
Journal: BMJ (1966)

A previous study (Parbrook et al., 1964) revealed that a 25% nitrous-oxide mixture would provide more potent analgesia than morphine in the post-operative period.A nitrous-oxide and oxygen mixture may be given alone when the use of adequate doses of narcotic are contraindicated, as, for instance, in certain patients after cardiac surgery or in labour when delivery is imminent.Even better analgesia was obtained by concurrent administration of narcotic and nitrous-oxide mixture, and this additive effect may be due to a different mode of action of the two analgesics (Nickerson, 1950;McKenzie and Beechey, 1962).Because of the evidence that, in equal dosage, methadone (Physeptone) may be a more potent analgesic than morphine (Isbell et al., 1947(Isbell et al., , 1948 ; ;Troxil, 1948 ; Christensen and Gross, 1948 ;Masson, 1962), a trial was planned to see if these reports could be confirmed and to ascertain whether the superiority of methadone was still detectable when the narcotic was adminis- tered concurrently with nitrous-oxide therapy. MethodThe method used was similar to that described in previous papers (Parbrook et al., 1964; Parbrook and Kennedy, 1964).Patients after upper abdominal operations have a marked impairment of vital capacity due to wound pain.The improve- ment of vital capacity which follows administration of an anal- gesic can be used as a measure of its efficacy (Overholt, 1930).Comparative vital capacity measurements were taken by a Wright respirometer with a rubber mouthpiece attached and using a nose-clip.The mean of three readings was obtained on each occasion.Pre-operative readings were taken the day before operation, and post-operative readings measured before and after each of the following treatments:1. Morphine 1 mg./stone (0.157 mg./kg.)intramuscularly one hour before testing.0 O~V FIG.2.-Assessment of analgesia.Mean values of the respiratory restoration factor (R.R.F.) for the four treatments.
Recent research and development of Antrodia cinnamomea
Authors: Mei-Chin Lu, Mohamed El-Shazly, Tung-Ying Wu, Ying-Chi Du, Tun-Tschu Chang, Chieh-Fu Chen, Yu-Ming Hsu, Kuei-Hung Lai, Ching-Peng Chiu, Fang-Rong Chang, Yang-Chang Wu
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)
Testicular Torsion in a Hydrocele
Authors: Eda Okatan, Richard Keijzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 6-week-old male infant with congenital bilateral hydroceles presented with a reddish, painful, and swollen left scrotum of 2 days' duration. There were no signs of inguinal hernia or fever. A flashlight test revealed transillumination of a right hydrocele and opacity of the left scrotum. Ultrasonography revealed a 1.0-cm3 testis on the right side and a 1.45-cm3 testis on the left with associated scrotal edema. Doppler studies revealed obstruction of blood flow to the left testicle. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of left-sided testicular torsion. Surgical exploration revealed the left testicle to be necrotic; unilateral orchidectomy was performed. The infant . . .
Anti-inflammatory Agents in Arthritis
Authors: John H. Bland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis" by Wasner et al (1981;236:2168) is an important, welladministered, and distinctive contribution to drug trials. I was educated. The experimental design is an important feature conducted in the "natural" setting of clinical practice, using six drugs as it usually happens in the physician's office. The data are useful for the average practicing physician or rheumatologist and are statistically more sound than those of most such studies. However, being an enthusiastic, long-term proponent of aspirin therapy in rheumatic disease, I offer the following criticism and suggestions: (1) There remains doubt that entericcoated aspirin are absorbed with enough predictability to make it worthwhile to use them. A better choice to assess aspirin is to take the drug as plain aspirin, crushed or powdered, at midmeal and at bedtime for a total of ±12 daily (1975; 232:1007, 1974;230:1385).<sup>1-5</sup>
738–3 Long-term Survival with a Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion: A Comparison of Medical Therapy versus Angloplasty in Patients with Single Vessel Disease
Authors: Joseph A. Puma, Michael H. Sketch, James E. Tcheng, Laura H. Gardner, Charlotte L. Nelson, Donald F. Fortin, Harry R. Phillips, Richard S. Stack, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
CDS: A Fold-Change Based Statistical Test for Concomitant Identification of Distinctness and Similarity in Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: Nicolas Tchitchek, José Felipe Golib Dzib, Brice Targat, Sebastian Noth, Arndt Benecke, Annick Lesne
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract The problem of identifying differential activity such as in gene expression is a major defeat in biostatistics and bioinformatics. Equally important, however much less frequently studied, is the question of similar activity from one biological condition to another. The fold-change, or ratio, is usually considered a relevant criterion for stating difference and similarity between measurements. Importantly, no statistical method for concomitant evaluation of similarity and distinctness currently exists for biological applications. Modern microarray, digital PCR (dPCR), and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies frequently provide a means of coefficient of variation estimation for individual measurements. Using fold-change, and by making the assumption that measurements are normally distributed with known variances, we designed a novel statistical test that allows us to detect concomitantly, thus using the same formalism, differentially and similarly expressed genes (http://cds.ihes.fr). Given two sets of gene measurements in different biological conditions, the probabilities of making type I and type II errors in stating that a gene is differentially or similarly expressed from one condition to the other can be calculated. Furthermore, a confidence interval for the fold-change can be delineated. Finally, we demonstrate that the assumption of normality can be relaxed to consider arbitrary distributions numerically. The Concomitant evaluation of Distinctness and Similarity (CDS) statistical test correctly estimates similarities and differences between measurements of gene expression. The implementation, being time and memory efficient, allows the use of the CDS test in high-throughput data analysis such as microarray, dPCR, and NGS experiments. Importantly, the CDS test can be applied to the comparison of single measurements (N = 1) provided the variance (or coefficient of variation) of the signals is known, making CDS a valuable tool also in biomedical analysis where typically a single measurement per subject is available.
Hyperglycemia enhances coagulation and reduces neutrophil degranulation, whereas hyperinsulinemia inhibits fibrinolysis during human endotoxemia
Authors: Michiel E. Stegenga, Saskia N. van der Crabben, Regje M. E. Blümer, Marcel Levi, Joost C. M. Meijers, Mireille J. Serlie, Michael W. T. Tanck, Hans P. Sauerwein, Tom van der Poll
Journal: Blood (2008)
Changing the Consent Rules for Desert Storm
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

SHORTLY before the beginning of Operation Desert Storm, during Desert Shield, the U.S. military sought a waiver of requirements for informed consent for the use of investigational drugs and vaccines on our troops in the Persian Gulf. The danger of chemical and biologic warfare was seen as demanding this waiver, although the Nuremberg Code, other codes of medical ethics, and respect for the human rights of American soldiers seemed to caution against it. One year later it seems reasonable to review this decision. The legal maneuvering to revise consent regulations for wartime conditions provides a case study that highlights three . . .
Analgesic and NSAID-induced Kidney Disease
Authors: R Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Analgesic nephropathy is perhaps less fashionable than it was 20 years ago, having supposedly become less of a problem since the dangers of analgesic mixtures became widely known and the sale of phenacetin was banned in most countries. It is still a threat, however, and a review of the subject is timely. The possible hazards of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a major current concern, and their inclusion requires no apology. These drugs, which are widely prescribed and even …
Erythroid-Stimulating Agents in Cancer Therapy: Potential Dangers and Biologic Mechanisms
Authors: Brandon K. Hadland, Gregory D. Longmore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) were originally designed to replace endogenous erythropoietin in patients with anemia secondary to renal failure. Their use has subsequently been expanded to include patients with anemia of other causes, including cancer patients, in whom deficiency of erythropoietin, per se, is not the primary cause of anemia. Although early studies showed promise of ESA administration in reducing the need for transfusions and improving the quality of life in cancer patients, several large randomized clinical trials have recently shown a potential detrimental effect of ESA administration on tumor progression and survival in these patients. These studies have called into question the safety of ESAs as supportive therapy in patients being treated for oncologic conditions. However, numerous questions remain to be addressed regarding the design of these studies, the effect of various targeted hemoglobin levels, and the potential biologic mechanisms proposed to explain promotion of tumor progression and reduced survival.
Theological Students in Hospital
Authors: W. A. S. Falla
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BHLmhave their ill effects minimized by quite simple tuition or mechanical devices (e.g., wing mirrors for those with restricted side-vision), we think that a more com- prehensive eye-test for drivers would be a major contribution to road safety.Such an eye-test can be given simply and quickly, and is therefore a practical pro- position even with the many millions of drivers we have in this country.By way of support for this argument I take the liberty of drawing attention to the W.H.O.Report No. 12, Road Traffic Accidents, by Dr. L. G. Norman, who deals with this matter on pages 74-5 and 92-3.May I conclude by saying that we are well aware of the objection that to insti- tute stiffer eye tests may lead to the ban- ning of many who at present hold a driving licence ?If people's vision is such that they are unsafe to drive, then surely the good of the many must take priority over the interest of the individual.How- ever, a stiffer standard need not in fact result in the withdrawal of many licences but merely in the revealing of those who need to receive full professional advice, treatment, and tuition.-! am.etc.,
Understanding Long-Term Care
Authors: Bruce C. Vladeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Anyone who has been involved with long-term care of the frail elderly for more than a very short time can only be heartened by the increasingly enlightened public discourse on this subject. Articles such as Rango's in this issue of the Journal 1 or those by Somers2 and by Ruchlin et al.3 in other recent issues are immeasurably more perceptive and more sophisticated than those one could have expected to encounter just a few years ago. But as these intrepid spelunkers begin to pierce the cave's prevailing gloom, regions of darkness still prevail. Four can be considered here.The first is . . .
Weber--Christian Disease: Relapsing Febrile Nodular Non-suppurative Panniculitis
Authors: H. R. F. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1954)

DiscussionComment on this investigation is centred on four points. (1)Despite careful screening of 36 cases of acute peritoneal irri- tation from non-gastro-duodenal causes, three remain indis- tinguishable from gastro-duodenal perforations.In this series, which is too small to be statistically significant, for every 11 true perforations there occurred one case requiring immediate laparotomy, the clinical features being exactly similar to those of a perforated peptic ulcer.Therefore the conservative method of treatment applied to this series would have suffered from a 10% diagnostic error despite rigid selection, and a correspondingly greater error with rigid selection.(2) It must be considered that the results by the non-opera- tive method may be so vastly superior to those by the operative method that this small diagnostic risk sbould be accepted.This is not so.Hermon Taylor (1951), Stead (1951), and Beattie (1951) all quote at least one death in their respective series which would not have occurred under operative approach.There were no deaths among the smaUl series of perforations reported here that were attributable to the laparotomy.(3) The " poor risk case " must be considered.The above authors all report a satisfactory outcome to such cases, which would almost certainly have been fatal if subjected to laparotomy.Here they are on very firm ground in accepting the small risk of a mistaken diagnosis in a patient whose clinical features are typical of gastro-duodenal perforation, but who is a poor risk for laparotomy.(4) The results of the cases of non-gastro-duodenal origin show that the fatality rate is nowadays small when laparo- tomy is not unnecessarily lelayed.It is wrong to assume
Teaching Social Science During Psychiatric Residency
Authors: FRANK A. JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The advent of social and community psychiatry constitutes a compelling reason for systematically presenting the basic and applied sciences underlying these areas to psychiatric residents. The State University of New York's Upstate Medical Center has developed an 18-month social science lecture course for second- and third-year residents; conclusions and recommendations based on five years' experience are presented. The author feels that the residents' career decisions toward community psychiatry were considerably sharpened as a result of the course.
Distinct gene expression profiles of acute myeloid/T-lymphoid leukemia with silenced CEBPA and mutations in NOTCH1
Authors: Bas J. Wouters, Meritxell Alberich Jordà, Karen Keeshan, Irene Louwers, Claudia A. J. Erpelinck-Verschueren, Dennis Tielemans, Anton W. Langerak, Yiping He, Yumi Yashiro-Ohtani, Pu Zhang, Christopher J. Hetherington, Roel G. W. Verhaak, Peter J. M. Valk, Bob Löwenberg, Daniel G. Tenen, Warren S. Pear, Ruud Delwel
Journal: Blood (2007)
THE EFFECT OF TOBACCO ON DISEASES OF THE BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: NELSON W. BARKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Editorial1 May 1934THE EFFECT OF TOBACCO ON DISEASES OF THE BLOOD VESSELSNELSON W. BARKER, M.D.NELSON W. BARKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-11-1456 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor many years physicians who have been particularly interested in vascular diseases have had a definite clinical impression that the smoking of tobacco, and particularly of cigarettes, has played some part in the etiology of thromboangiitis obliterans. Opinion has been divided, however, as to whether the use of tobacco was merely a contributing factor to the progress and symptoms, or whether it actually caused the vascular lesions. Statistics have shown a very low incidence of non-smokers among patients with this disease, less than 2 per cent in The Mayo Clinic series, compared with 26 per cent in the control group... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1934Volume 7, Issue 11Page: 1456-1457KeywordsBlood vesselsEtiologyLesionsVascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...