tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Supplementation of the Breast-fed Infant-Reply
Authors: John C. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Bolton's question is frequently asked. Because human breast milk contains very low concentrations of fluoride, some clinicians suggest that infants who are completely breast-fed should receive 0.25 mg of fluoride supplementation daily, even if the mother resides  a fluoridated community.  However, I am not aware of any published controlled clinical trials to provide sound guidance on this matter. In the absence of such data, and since most mothers discontinue complete breastfeeding after 4 to 6 months, I would suggest following the supplementation schedule recommended by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics 1 regardless of whether the child is being breast-fed. Lessoh and Newbrun 2 state that a breast-fed infant does not need any supplemental fluoride drops in an optimally fluoridated community. Although the infant gets very little fluoride from the mother's milk, the reduction  caries observed clinically  thousands of children
SR1-1: Breast Cancer and the Environment: A Life Course Approach - Report Release from an IOM Committee.
Authors: I Hertz-Picciotto
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

In response to a request from Susan G. Komen for the Cure®, an Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee was convened to review and assess the strength of the science base regarding the relationship between breast cancer and the environment. As part of their charge, the committee members reviewed the evidentiary standards for identifying and measuring cancer risk factors and the methodological challenges involved in conducting research on breast cancer and the environment. They also considered the potential interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. The committee's report notes evidence-based actions that women could take to reduce their risk of breast cancer and offers recommendations for future research on breast cancer and the environment. The results of this IOM committee's work will be presented.Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr SR1-1.
Safeguards are needed for new proposals for primary care
Authors: I. Heath, S. Amiel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Opportunity and threat are inextricably linked. Mike Pringle sees the government's last but one white paper as the opportunity for a thousand flowers to bloom.1 2 We see it as a threat to the survival of general practice, particularly in deprived inner city areas. It makes no attempt to address the reasons for the crisis in the recruitment, retention, and morale of inner city general practitioners–namely, poor premises, frozen improvement grants and staffing budgets, inadequate support services for patients with mental …
The Semon Lecture ON SUSPENSION LARYNGOSCOPY AND ITS PRACTICAL USE: Delivered before the University of London
Authors: G. Killian
Journal: BMJ (1914)

<h3>Introduction:</h3> Benzene is an established human haematotoxin, with substantial interindividual variation in benzene-induced toxicity. <h3>Methods:</h3> To further examine if genetic variation contributes to benzene haematotoxicity, we analysed 1023 tagSNPs in 121 gene regions important for benzene metabolism, haematopoiesis, leukaemia and lymphoma among 250 workers exposed to benzene and 140 unexposed controls in a cross-sectional study carried out in China. Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and total white blood cell (WBC) count and its subtypes, adjusting for potential confounders and occupational exposure to benzene and toluene among exposed workers. The minp test assessed the association on the gene region level. The false discovery rate method was used to control for multiple comparisons. <h3>Results:</h3> <i>VEGF</i> (minp = 0.0030) and <i>ERCC3</i> (minp = 0.0042) were the most significantly associated gene regions with altered WBC counts among benzene-exposed workers, after accounting for multiple comparisons. Highly significant changes were also found for WBC subtype counts, including granulocytes, CD4+ T cells and lymphocytes for <i>VEGF</i> and granulocytes and NK cells for <i>ERCC3</i>. Further, in workers exposed to &lt;1 ppm, a SNP in <i>VEGF</i> was associated with changes in WBC and granulocyte counts, and SNPs in <i>ERCC3</i> were associated with changes in WBC, NK cell and granulocyte counts. <h3>Discussion:</h3> Our findings suggest that genetic variation in <i>VEGF</i>, which plays an important role in blood vessel growth, and <i>ERCC3</i>, which is a member of the DNA repair pathway and is responsible for repairing bulky DNA adducts formed by chemicals, may contribute to individual susceptibility to benzene-induced haematotoxicity at relatively low levels of benzene exposure.
Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: G C Cook
Journal: BMJ (1991)

cases,' but what is not mentioned is the delay in arriving at that diagnosis.Shafer investigated the histopathology request forms for 779 cases of oral cancer and found a significant delay in diagnosis in 15% of cases.4The author admitted that this was probably an underestimate in view of inadequate details often given on these forms.This has been a concern to us because we have gained the clinical impression that incorrect diagnosis and delayed referral of patients with oral cancer by practitioners are still prevalent.We recently audited practitioners' referrals of 96 patients with estabhshed oral cancer.Medical practitioners had made an incorrect or no diagnosis in 48% of referral letters.In cases of regional lymphadenopathy the proportion with an incorrect or no diagnosis fell to 32%.Delays in referral were identified in 36% of cases, the median delay being four weeks (range one week to eight months).The results for dental practitioners were worse.It is fundamental that in cases of tumour the diagnosis must be considered before excision and that a correct technique is used.A high index of suspicion is required, and postgraduate education is essential to instil this.Until diagnostic ability improves it seems preferable for all cases of suspicious skin lesions to be referred to a con- sultant.The advice for oral cancer is that all cases should be referred for assessment before biopsy.The support for practitioners providing a biopsy service because of hospital waiting times is un- tenable2 as patients with cancer should bypass waiting lists.
Automatic border detection of intravascular ultrasound images
Authors: Stephen P. Wiet, Stuart A. Greenfield, Reena Sinha, Gorav Ailawadi, Michael J. Vonesh, Bonnie J. Kane, Farroq A. Chaudhry, Krishnan B. Chandran, David D. McPherson, Edwin L. Dove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The candidate immunotherapeutical target, the receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility, is associated with proliferation and shows prognostic value in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: K Giannopoulos, D Mertens, A Bühler, T F E Barth, I Idler, P Möller, A Kröber, J Greiner, S Chocholska, A Dmoszyñska, J Roliñski, H Döhner, S Stilgenbauer, M Schmitt
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Years of Horror, Days of Hope: Responding to the Cambodian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Cambodian refugee crisis is described from the viewpoint of 50 authors, including physicians, nurses, aides, and other health workers serving as volunteers or as staff of international relief organizations responding to the crisis. This was a truly international response with at least 11 nations represented. The reports of Cambodians participating in the relief operation further broaden the perspective.  Cambodia is similar to Missouri in area and population size. The ancient civilization there has had some French influence from about a century of colonization. After the overthrow of the proWestern Lon Nol government by the communist Khmer Rouge in April 1975, urban populations were forced from cities, dislocating most of the people into rural areas far from their homes with little food and housing, poor sanitation, and virtually no services. In a pogrom along class lines, anyone appearing educated or prosperous was killed. During the next four years about 2
Abstract 720: Identification of novel molecular markers for detecting lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ryota Oka, Koh-ichi Nakashiro, Hiroyuki Goda, Hiroshi Tanaka, Hiroyuki Hamakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cervical lymph node metastasis is a potent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Management of occult metastasis is an important issue for the surgeons. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is highlighted for its role in deciding making of neck dissection. We have performed the SLNB for cN0 cases routinely and reported the clinical usefulness. Accurate diagnosis of the metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes is important but depends on a heavy workload of the pathologist. We carried out a clinical study to evaluate a novel automated assay system for cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA, the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method, to detect the lymph node metastasis of OSCC. The accuracy of OSNA assay was nearly 95%, but it could not detect occult metastasis in case of no or low expression of CK19 mRNA in the primary tumor. In this study, we attempted to identify novel molecular markers to find the harboring cancer cells in the lymph node. First, we determined the gene expression profiles in 7 metastatic lymph nodes from patients with OSCC, 1 benign lymph node, and 5 salivary gland tissues from non-cancerous patients by microarray analysis. We found the overexpression of 36 genes in all metastatic lymph nodes but not in benign lymph node and salivary glands. Subsequently, we examined the expression of these genes in newly 15 metastatic lymph nodes and 9 benign lymph nodes by real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. Among the 36 genes, the expression of annexin A8-like 2 (ANXA8L2) and desmoglein 3 (DSG3) was commonly detected in metastatic lymph nodes at much higher level but not in benign lymph nodes at all. Furthermore, we retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of these markers with the use of 330 lymph nodes that were histopathologically metastasis-positive in 62 and metastasis-negative in 268. The accuracy of each marker CK19, ANXA8L2 and DSG3 is all near 90%. However, the combination of these markers improved the sensitivity up to 96-100%. Expression of ANXA8L2 and DSG3 was also detected in approximately 3% of the histopathologically metastasis-negative lymph nodes. These results suggested that ANXA8L2 and DSG3 could be useful molecular markers and improve detection rate of occult metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 720. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-720
Method of Making Yellow Oxid Ointment.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Burlington,Iowa, Aug. 23, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice a suggestion in Dr. Bulkley's "Notes on Ointments," which I consider inadequate, if not misleading. Otherwise we would not have the perennial complaint from ophthalmologists that it is hard to get satisfactory "yellow oxid ointment." This suggestion is that gritty substances should first be rubbed up with a few drops of oil in a mortar to make a fine paste. I object to the use of the mortar because a sheet of plate glass and a spatula are better. Only with the latter can one be absolutely sure that no gritty particle is missed. No oil or water is needed. The spatula, holding a modicum of the base (just enough to do it), picks up the grits, which are then rubbed out until they can be rubbed no farther, and the spatula cleans itself. Not only can every particle of
Patterns of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Use
Authors: E. Shelley Hwang, Isabelle Bedrosian
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Immune function in severe, active rheumatoid arthritis. A relationship between peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble antigens and synovial tissue immunohistologic characteristics.
Authors: D G Malone, S M Wahl, M Tsokos, H Cattell, J L Decker, R L Wilder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The immunohistology of synovium from a tender, swollen knee and peripheral blood cellular immune function were correlated in 24 clinically similar patients with active, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who were not taking cytotoxic or long-acting antirheumatic drugs. The patients were classified as anergic (n = 6) or nonanergic (n = 18) on the basis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to a battery of soluble recall antigens. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of anergic patients failed to respond significantly to any soluble recall antigen, whereas cells from nonanergic patients responded to at least one such antigen. Multiple pieces of synovial tissue were obtained from each patient at arthroscopy. To minimize intrajoint variability, all pieces were analyzed and averaged to determine a composite profile of abnormalities. Synovial specimens from all six anergic patients had "high intensity" lymphocytic infiltration (group A). In sharp contrast, synovial specimens from 15 of 18 nonanergic patients had "low intensity" lymphocytic infiltration (group B) (P = 0.002). Group A tissues typically showed higher intensity T cell and plasma cell infiltration, more synovial lining layer hyperplasia, more HLA-DR bearing cells, and a higher ratio of Leu 3A/Leu 2A T cells than did group B. Group B tissues had fewer infiltrating cells (most of which were OKM1 and HLA-DR bearing), more extensive fibrin deposition, and far fewer T and plasma cells. Although these data do not imply that synovium from different joints in an individual patient are immunohistologically identical, they do provide evidence that peripheral blood mononuclear cell immune function reflects immunopathologic events in the biopsied joint. Moreover, the data further support the view that clinically active rheumatoid arthritis is, like certain other chronic inflammatory conditions, a heterogeneous disorder with polar subgroups.
Identification of Gene Expression–Based Prognostic Markers in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Andrea Pellagatti, Axel Benner, Ken I. Mills, Mario Cazzola, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Janet Perry, Luca Malcovati, Matteo G. Della Porta, Martin Jädersten, Amit Verma, Emma-Jane McDonald, Sally Killick, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Lars Bullinger, James S. Wainscoat, Jacqueline Boultwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

The diagnosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is largely dependent on morphologic examination of bone marrow aspirates. Several criteria that form the basis of the classifications and scoring systems most commonly used in clinical practice are affected by operator-dependent variation. To identify standardized molecular markers that would allow prediction of prognosis, we have used gene expression profiling (GEP) data on CD34+ cells from patients with MDS to determine the relationship between gene expression levels and prognosis.GEP data on CD34+ cells from 125 patients with MDS with a minimum 12-month follow-up since date of bone marrow sample collection were included in this study. Supervised principal components and lasso penalized Cox proportional hazards regression (Coxnet) were used for the analysis.We identified several genes, the expression of which was significantly associated with survival of patients with MDS, including LEF1, CDH1, WT1, and MN1. The Coxnet predictor, based on expression data on 20 genes, outperformed other predictors, including one that additionally used clinical information. Our Coxnet gene signature based on CD34+ cells significantly identified a separation of patients with good or bad prognosis in an independent GEP data set based on unsorted bone marrow mononuclear cells, demonstrating that our signature is robust and may be applicable to bone marrow cells without the need to isolate CD34+ cells.We present a new, valuable GEP-based signature for assessing prognosis in MDS. GEP-based signatures correlating with clinical outcome may significantly contribute to a refined risk classification of MDS.
Population-Based Assessment of the Level of Care Among Adults With Diabetes in the U.S
Authors: Gloria LA Beckles, Michael M Engelgau, KM Venkat Narayan, William H Herman, Ronald E Aubert, David F Williamson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To estimate the levels of use of preventive care and to identify correlates of such care among people with diabetes in the U.S.A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 2,118 adults, age > or =18 years, with self-reported diabetes in 22 states that participated in the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Most subjects were age > or =45 years (83%), women (51%), and white (75%) and were diagnosed at ages > or =30 years (83%), had type 2 diabetes (89%), and were not using insulin (66%).Among all people with diabetes, 78% practiced self-monitoring of blood glucose, and 25% were aware of the term "glycosylated hemoglobin" or "hemoglobin A one C" (HbA1c). In the last year, 72% of the subjects visited a health care provider for diabetes care at least once, 61% had their feet inspected at least once, and 61% received a dilated eye examination. Controlled for age and sex, the odds ratios (ORs) for insulin use were for self-monitoring (OR [95% CI]; 4.0 [2.6-6.1]); having heard of HbA1c or receipt of a dilated eye examination (1.9 [1.4-2.5]); at least one visit to a provider (3.4 [1.9-7.2]); and feet inspected at least once (2.1 [1.5-2.9]). In addition, people <45 years, those who did not complete high school, and those without insurance coverage were high-risk groups for underuse of preventive care. Only 3% of insulin users and 1% of nonusers met all five of the American Diabetes Association standards in the previous year.Underuse of recommended preventive care practices is common among people with diabetes.
Regression of Pancreatic Diabetes in Chronic Hereditary Pancreatitis
Authors: Holm H. Uhlig, Angela Galler, Volker Keim, Joachim Mössner, Wieland Kiess, Karel Caca, Niels Teich
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Pancreatic diabetes is believed to be an irreversible sign of progressive pancreatic failure (1). We report here on a girl with chronic hereditary pancreatitis and the R122H-mutation of the cationic trypsinogen gene (2), in whom pancreatic diabetes regressed in the course of the disease.

The girl initially presented at 6.3 years of age with acute pancreatitis. Episodes of diarrhea occurred shortly after initial presentation. The cholecystokinin-secretin stimulation test revealed global exocrine insufficiency. Oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation was initiated with porcine pancreatic extracts. Until the …
Diagnostic Performance of Light-Induced Fluorescence Endoscopy for Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: A. Ohkawa, H. Miwa, A. Namihisa, O. Kobayashi, N. Nakaniwa, T. Ohkusa, T. Ogihara, N. Sato
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Malignant tumors generate autofluorescent patterns that differ from those of normal tissue. However, whether autofluorescent diagnosis could be genuinely useful in screening for gastric neoplasms has not been well investigated in clinical practice. Accordingly, we retrospectively studied our experience with this diagnostic technique for various gastric lesions and assessed its diagnostic utility.Autofluorescence diagnosis of 109 gastric lesions in 79 patients was done, without knowledge of the diagnosis by conventional white light endoscopy, retrospectively and independently by three endoscopists with 6 years', two years' and no experience of the technique. After examination of the interobserver bias in the assessment of autofluorescent pseudocolor in light-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE), the relationship between pseudocolor and characteristics of gastric lesions (including histology, macroscopic type, and depth of invasion) were investigated.The kappa statistic for agreement in pseudocolor diagnosis between the three endoscopists was 0.71. The assessment of pseudocolor by all of the observers was in agreement in 67 of the total of 109 lesions (61.5 %). Experience with the LIFE technique did not improve the accuracy of pseudocolor determination. All of the cancers, 87.5 % of the adenomas, and 50.9 % of the benign lesions were recognized as having an abnormal autofluorescent image. None of the gastric cancers and 49.1 % of the benign lesions were evaluated as having a normal autofluorescence image. The histopathological and macroscopic types of tumors and their depths of invasion were not reflected in the autofluorescence diagnosis.LIFE provided a sensitivity of 96.4 % and specificity of 49.1 %, suggesting that this technique has limited clinical utility, regardless of the merits of acceptable interobserver bias and lack of necessity for experience with this technique.
"Pipe-Stem" Brachial Arteries
Authors: James T. Taguchi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

FALSE blood pressure recordings result from many causes, including the auscultatory gap, arrhythmias, partial obstruction of the brachial artery, pulsus paradoxus, shock, obesity, and errors in technique.1  Another cause of false blood pressure readings is Monckeberg arteriosclerosis of the brachial arteries severe enough to prevent compression by the blood pressure cuff. However, we had never observed this previously. Our search of the literature yielded no references for this entity. Therefore, we report the following case.  Report of a Case  An 82-year-old, alert white man was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, on May 3, 1973, complaining chiefly of abdominal pain and diarrhea of seven days' duration, and of shortness of breath for 15 to 20 years.  The patient had previously been told that he had high blood pressure. He denied having chest pain, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, or peripheral edema. A hospital summary from an admission in 1968