tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonvisualization or Nonfunctioning of One Kidney on Intravenous Pyelogram
Authors: Jack M. Korsower
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>Common</h3> [Ectopic kidney] Fractured kidney Neoplasm Obstruction of ureter (eg, calculus, stricture, neoplasm) Renal artery obstruction (eg, stenosis, thromboembolism, trauma) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Absent kidney (congenital, postnephrectomy) Arteriovenous fistula of kidney Multicystic kidney Renal vein obstruction (eg, thrombosis, tumor) Tuberculosis and other severe infection (eg, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis) (Entity in brackets may be confused roentgenographically with nonvisualization or nonfunction of a kidney.) <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Unilateral multicystic kidney. <h3>Comment</h3> The right-flank calcifications in this patient were first noted on a plain film of the abdomen obtained when she was admitted with a "flu-like" syndrome. A subsequent intravenous pyelogram (IVP) (Fig 1) showed lack of excretion on the right side. In discussing the differential diagnosis of nonvisualization of nonfunction of one kidney, only a few members of this Gamut need be seriously considered. Ectopic kidney is usually evident on the IVP and certainly at angiography
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Men and Women
Authors: Catherine Kim, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, Leonard A. Cobb, Mickey S. Eisenberg
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background The incidence of sudden cardiac death is roughly 3 times greater in men than in women. However, in patients treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the relationships between sex and survival after adjustment for age and cardiac rhythm are unclear. Methods and Results In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 7069 men and 2582 women who were treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Seattle and suburban King County between 1990 and 1998. We compared successful prehospital resuscitation (hospital admission) and survival from event to discharge in men and women. Women had markedly reduced rates of ventricular fibrillation (VF), slightly older age, fewer witnessed arrests, and fewer arrests in public locations than men. Although their unadjusted resuscitation rate was lower (29% versus 32%, P &lt;0.0001), women had a greater likelihood of resuscitation than men after adjustment for VF (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.25) and after adjustment for VF plus additional factors (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.41). The difference in resuscitation rates between men and women decreased as they aged (test for trend, P &lt;0.0001). Unadjusted survival rates were also lower in women than in men (11% versus 15%, P &lt;0.0001). Women had similar survival after adjustment for VF (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.11) and after adjustment for VF plus additional factors (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.27). Conclusions The lower unadjusted resuscitation and survival rates observed in women were primarily due to women’s lower incidence of VF, a relatively favorable cardiac rhythm. After adjustment for VF and other factors, women had higher resuscitation rates than men, but similar rates of survival from event to discharge.
Geoffrey Gilling-Smith
Authors: A. Mansfield
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The large dynamic range of natural stimuli poses a challenge for neural coding: how is a neuron to encode large differences at high contrast while remaining sensitive to small differences at low contrast? Many sensory neurons exhibit contrast normalization: gain depends on the range of stimuli presented, such that firing-rate modulation is not proportional to contrast. However, coding depends strongly on the precision of spike timing and the reliability of spike number, neither of which can be predicted from neural gain. The presumption that contrast normalization is associated with maintained coding efficiency remained untested. We report that, as contrast decreases, responses are more variable and encode less information, as expected. Nevertheless, these changes can be small, and information transmission is even better preserved across contrasts than rate modulation. The extent of contrast normalization is correlated with the extent to which information transmission is preserved across contrasts. Specifically, normalization is associated with maintaining the bits of information per spike rather than bits per second. Finally, we show that a nonadapting model can exhibit both contrast normalization and the associated information preservation.
THE IMPACT OF SPATIAL GRADIENT OF ENDOTHELIAL WALL SHEAR STRESS ON PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND DESTABILIZATION IN ADVANCED PLAQUES
Authors: Wang-Soo Lee, Sang-Wook Kim, Young-Mi Jo, Seung-Wook Kim, Keung-Chul Rho, Seong-Wook Cho, Hong-Sun Ryu, Kwang-Je Lee, Tae-Ho Kim, Chee-Jeong Kim, Wang-Seong Ryu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Trial of Two Strategies to Modify the Test-Ordering Behavior of Medical Residents
Authors: Albert R. Martin, Marshall A. Wolf, Lawrence A. Thibodeau, Victor Dzau, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We studied two methods to reduce the ordering of laboratory and radiologic tests by medical residents in their first postgraduate year. Dividing the residents into three groups, we compared the effect of concurrent chart review and discussion in one group with the effect of a moderate financial incentive for limited ordering of tests in a second group. The third group of residents served as a concurrent control, and data on the testing patterns of residents at the same hospital during the year before the study provided a retrospective control.
The suppression of lung tumorigenesis by aerosol-delivered folate–chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine/Akt1 shRNA complexes through the Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Hu-Lin Jiang, Cheng-Xiong Xu, You-Kyoung Kim, Rohidas Arote, Dhananjay Jere, Hwang-Tae Lim, Myung-Haing Cho, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Potential Costs of Preventing Extension of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MARK I. TARAGIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Potential Costs of Preventing Extension of Myocardial InfarctionMARK I. TARAGIN, M.D.MARK I. TARAGIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-766_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Muller and associates (1) on myocardial infarct extension once again uses data from the Multicenter Investigation of Limitation of Infarct Size to provide valuable information on the natural course of patients who have a myocardial infarction. The authors describe the increased inhospital morbidity of myocardial infarct extension and identify three risk factors to help predict its occurrence. They conclude, "Patients with these risk factors should be considered for early coronary angiography and possible intervention to prevent infarct extension and its sequelae."Before any intervention is considered, the caution that the authors expressed must be...References1. MULLERRUDEBRAUNWALD JRE. Myocardial infarct extension: occurrence, outcome, and risk factors in the Multicenter Investigation of Limitation of Infarct Size. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:1-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. POSES R. The importance of disease prevalence in transporting clinical prediction rules. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:586-91. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, NJ 08903 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 766-767KeywordsAngiographyMedical risk factorsMorbidityMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Correlation of CD33 expression level with disease characteristics and response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin containing chemotherapy in childhood AML
Authors: Jessica A. Pollard, Todd A. Alonzo, Michael Loken, Robert B. Gerbing, Phoenix A. Ho, Irwin D. Bernstein, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy Hirsch, Janet Franklin, Roland B. Walter, Alan Gamis, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Proteasome Function Is Required for DNA Damage Response and Fanconi Anemia Pathway Activation
Authors: Céline Jacquemont, Toshiyasu Taniguchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Proteasome inhibitors sensitize tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents, including ionizing radiation (IR), and DNA cross-linking agents (melphalan and cisplatin) through unknown mechanisms. The Fanconi anemia pathway is a DNA damage-activated signaling pathway, which regulates cellular resistance to DNA cross-linking agents. Monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2 are critical steps of the Fanconi anemia pathway. Here, we show that proteasome function is required for the activation of the Fanconi anemia pathway and for DNA damage signaling. Proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and MG132) and depletion of 19S and 20S proteasome subunits (PSMD4, PSMD14, and PSMB3) inhibited monoubiquitination and/or nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, whereas depletion of DSS1/SHFM1, a subunit of the 19S proteasome that also directly binds to BRCA2, did not inhibit FANCD2 monoubiquitination or foci formation. On the other hand, DNA damage-signaling processes, such as IR-induced foci formation of phosphorylated ATM (phospho-ATM), 53BP1, NBS1, BRCA1, FANCD2, and RAD51, were delayed in the presence of proteasome inhibitors, whereas ATM autophosphorylation and nuclear foci formation of gammaH2AX, MDC1, and RPA were not inhibited. Furthermore, persistence of DNA damage and abrogation of the IR-induced G(1)-S checkpoint resulted from proteasome inhibition. In summary, we showed that the proteasome function is required for monoubiquitination of FANCD2, foci formation of 53BP1, phospho-ATM, NBS1, BRCA1, FANCD2, and RAD51. The dependence of specific DNA damage-signaling steps on the proteasome may explain the sensitization of tumor cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents by proteasome inhibitors.
Mitral Insufficiency Resulting from Rupture of Normal Chordae Tendineae
Authors: L. E. JANUARY, JUNE M. FISHER, J. L. EHRENHAFT
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Mitral insufficiency resulting from rupture of normal chordae tendineae occurs and can be recognized. It is subject to surgical repair. A patient with refractory cardiac failure due to mitral insufficiency on this basis has been totally rehabilitated by surgical repair of the valvular restraining mechanism.
Immunologic and physicochemical studies of Bermuda grass pollen antigen BG60
Authors: Song-Nan Su, Philip Shu, Gai-Xuong Lau, Sue-Yee Yang, Shih-Wen Huang, Yuan-Chuan Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

In a previous study we showed that antigen BG60 of Bermuda grass pollen contains isoallergens. Because the yield of purified isoallergens was low when a chromatofocusing technique was used, it was difficult to carry out further studies, such as determination of carbohydrate composition and structure.The aim of this study was to establish a procedure to purify antigen BG60 proteins as a group and to characterize this group's physicochemical and immunologic properties.A combination of chromatographic techniques (ion-exchange, gel filtration, blue gel affinity, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) was used for the purification of BG60. Immunoblot and ELISA techniques were used to study BG60-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in patients' sera. The role of the carbohydrate moiety in antigenicity and allergenicity was examined with monoclonal antibodies and allergic sera by using periodate-treated BG60. Its carbohydrate composition was analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector.Homogeneity of BG60 was demonstrated by a single sharp peak in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, a single band in sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and only one band stained by anti-BG60 monoclonal antibody. BG60-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were shown to be present in allergic sera. Six plant lectins were found to react with BG60. On periodate treatment, BG60 reduced binding toward its monoclonal antibody and human IgE and IgG. Carbohydrate composition analysis showed that BG60 contains three kinds of sugars: mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose (in a ratio of approximately 3:2:1) and a minute amount of xylose. The carbohydrate content is approximately 7.5%, and peptide content is about 92.5%.A procedure was established for the purification of a large quantity of the BG60 antigen. The results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of antigen BG60 may play an important role in the immune response.
Possible mechanisms of action of environmental contaminants on St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas).
Authors: S De Guise, D Martineau, P Béland, M Fournier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A small isolated population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) that are highly contaminated by pollutants, mostly of industrial origin, resides in the St. Lawrence estuary, Québec, Canada. Overhunting in the first half of the century was the probable cause for this population to dwindle from several thousand animals to the current estimate of 500. The failure of the population to recover might be due to contamination by organochlorine compounds, which are known to lead to reproductive failure and immunosuppression in domestic and laboratory animals and seals. Functional and morphological changes have been demonstrated in thyroid gland and adrenal cortex in many species exposed to organochlorinated compounds, including seals. Morphological lesions, although different, were also found in belugas. Functional evaluation of thyroid and adrenal glands of contaminated (St. Lawrence) versus much less contaminated (Arctic) belugas is currently under way. Necropsy of St. Lawrence belugas showed numerous severe and disseminated infections with rather mildly pathogenic bacteria, which suggests immunosuppression. Organochlorine compounds and other contaminants found in beluga whales cause immunosuppression in a variety of animal species including seals. Thirty-seven percent of all the tumors reported in cetaceans were observed in St. Lawrence beluga whales. This could be explained by two different mechanisms: high exposure to environmental carcinogens and suppression of immunosurveillance against tumors. Overall, St. Lawrence belugas might well represent the risk associated with long-term exposure to pollutants present in their environment and might be a good model to predict health problems that could emerge in highly exposed human populations over time.
Principles and Practice of Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia: Vol 2, Clinical Considerations
Authors: Milton H. Alper
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the preface Dr. Bonica defines his philosophy of team effort in the practice of obstetrics and obstetric anesthesia. His concepts, perhaps more accepted in other areas of medicine such as general surgery and intensive care, hold that the anesthesiologist, to be most effective, should know a great deal about obstetrics, and the obstetrician a great deal about analgesia and anesthesia. Only then can rational decisions be made in best interests of mother and baby. Dr. Bonica's book succeeds admirably in furthering this goal. Volume 2, some 600 pages in length, is a multi-authored presentation of the clinical aspects of obstetrics and anesthetic management. It is a detailed, methodical, and comprehensive survey of the care of the parturient, always correlating, in each situation, the roles, responsibilities, and contributions of the obstetrician and the anesthesiologist. The first section is devoted to the management of normal labor and delivery. Particularly well done
The apoptosis-1/Fas protein in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E Mysler, P Bini, J Drappa, P Ramos, S M Friedman, P H Krammer, K B Elkon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Three independent mutations involving the apoptosis-1 (APO-1)/Fas receptor or its putative ligand have led to lupuslike diseases associated with lymphadenopathy in different strains of mice. To determine whether humans with SLE also have a defect in this apotosis pathway, we analyzed the expression of APO-1 on freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells and on lymphocytes activated in vitro using flow cytometry and the monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1. Significantly higher level of APO-1 expression were detected on freshly isolated peripheral B cells and both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte populations obtained from lupus patients when compared with normal controls (P < 0.001). Almost 90% of the cells that stained positive for APO-1 also expressed the CD29 antigen, suggesting that APO-1 was upregulated after lymphocyte activation in vivo. No defect in APO-1 regulation was detected after activation of SLE T (with anti-CD3) or B (with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1) lymphocytes in the presence of IL-2 in vitro. Similarly, the anti-APO-1 antibody induced apoptosis in 74 +/- 5% of activated SLE T cells in vitro compared with 79 +/- 6% of the normal controls (P > 0.05). These results reveal that, while APO-1/Fas may play an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte survival in SLE, no consistent defect in the expression or function of the receptor could be detected in these studies.
Considerations for Imaging Re-188 and Re-186 Isotopes
Authors: J F EARY, L DURACK, D WILLIAMS, J-L VANDERHEYDEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Re-186 and Re-188 have been suggested for radioimmunotherapy because of their energetic beta particles, imageable gamma photons, and chemical properties similar to technetium. Because of this potential, these isotopes were evaluated before in vivo imaging was attempted. It was found that low-abundance, high-energy gamma photons present in these rhenium isotopes require a medium-energy collimator to yield optimal image resolution and count rate, which are critical factors in the performance of preliminary imaging studies on patients for antibody imaging and therapy.
A phase II, randomized, double‑blind, parallel‑group, placebo‑controlled oral food challenge trial of Xolair (omalizumab) in peanut allergy
Authors: Hugh A. Sampson, Donald Y.M. Leung, A. Wesley Burks, Gideon Lack, Sami L. Bahna, Stacie M. Jones, Dennis A. Wong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Unintentional Iatrogenic Oxygen Pneumonitis—Response to Therapy
Authors: RICHARD W. HYDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Five patients with respiratory insufficiency secondary to muscular weakness developed oxygen pneumonitis. During treatment with pressure-cycled ventilators attached to endotracheal tubes (IPPB), these patients developed diffuse, patchy infiltrates in the lung fields. Despite use of the ventilators' air-mix controls, expired oxygen concentrations ranged from 83% to 91%. All had abundant tracheal secretions. Atelectasis, pulmonary infections, and anemia were frequent complications. The alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradients (A-a O2 gradient) were markedly elevated. One patient died, and the lungs showed changes characteristic of severe pulmonary oxygen toxicity. In the other four patients the mean expired oxygen concentration was reduced from 87% to 40%. Within 2 to 5 days they could be weaned from the ventilators. Pulmonary infiltrates decreased in 1 to 4 weeks and disappeared in 3 to 7 weeks. Diffusing capacity, spirometry, and the A-a O2 gradient were normal in one patient studied 11 weeks later. The above findings indicate that these patients developed pulmonary oxygen toxicity. The oxygen-induced pneumonitis gradually resolved once the expired oxygen concentration was reduced to levels of 45% or lower. Inspired or expired oxygen concentration should be measured frequently during administration of supplementary oxygen.
Pulsatile insulin release from mouse islets occurs in the absence of stimulated entry of Ca2+.
Authors: J Westerlund, B Hellman, P Bergsten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Pancreatic islets are known to respond to a raise of the glucose concentration with Ca2+ -induced 2-3-min pulses of insulin release. The reports of cyclic variations of circulating insulin in the fasting state made it important to explore whether insulin release is also pulsatile in the absence of stimulated entry of Ca2+. Individual pancreatic islets were isolated from a local colony of ob/ob mice and perifused under conditions allowing dual wavelength recordings of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with fura-2 and measurements of insulin with ELISA technique. At 3 mM of glucose, [Ca2+]i remained at a stable low level, but insulin was released in pulses with a frequency of 0.41+/-0.02 min-1, determined by Fourier transformation of original and autocorrelated data. Pulses of basal insulin release were also seen when glucose was omitted and 1 microM clonidine or 400 microM diazoxide was added to a glucose-free medium. The results indicate that pulsatile insulin release can be generated in the absence of stimulated entry of Ca2+. A tentative explanation for this phenomenon is inherent fluctuations in the ATP production of the beta cells.
Autologous Human Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves
Authors: Anita Mol, Marcel C M Rutten, Niels J B Driessen, Carlijn V C Bouten, Gregor Zünd, Frank P T Baaijens, Simon P Hoerstrup
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Tissue engineering represents a promising approach for the development of living heart valve replacements. In vivo animal studies of tissue-engineered autologous heart valves have focused on pulmonary valve replacements, leaving the challenge to tissue engineer heart valves suitable for systemic application using human cells. Methods and Results— Tissue-engineered human heart valves were analyzed up to 4 weeks and conditioning using bioreactors was compared with static culturing. Tissue formation and mechanical properties increased with time and when using conditioning. Organization of the tissue, in terms of anisotropic properties, increased when conditioning was dynamic in nature. Exposure of the valves to physiological aortic valve flow demonstrated proper opening motion. Closure dynamics were suboptimal, most likely caused by the lower degree of anisotropy when compared with native aortic valve leaflets. Conclusions— This study presents autologous tissue-engineered heart valves based on human saphenous vein cells and a rapid degrading synthetic scaffold. Tissue properties and mechanical behavior might allow for use as living aortic valve replacements.