tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular immune responses against HCV: T cells take a diversion in the liver
Authors: Paul Klenerman, Nasser Semmo, Scott Ward, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Regulatory T (T(R)) cells consist of phenotypically and functionally distinct CD4+ and CD8+ T–cell subsets engaged both in maintaining self–tolerance and in preventing anti-non-self effector responses (microbial, tumor, transplant, and so on) that may be harmful to the host. Here we propose that the proinflammatory function of virus–specific memory effector CCR7-CD8+ T cells, which are massively recruited in the liver, are inefficient (in terms of IFN–gamma production) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection because of the concomitant presence of virus–specific CCR7-CD8+ T(R) cells producing considerable amounts of IL–10. These CD8+ T(R) cells are antigen specific, as they can be stimulated by HCV epitopes and suppress T–cell responses that are in turn restored by the addition of neutralizing anti-IL–10. This study provides direct evidence of the existence of virus–specific CD8+ T(R) cells that infiltrate the livers of patients with chronic HCV infection, identifies IL–10 as a soluble inhibitory factor mediating suppression, and suggests that these cells play a pivotal role in controlling hepatic effector CD8+ T–cell responses.
Performance Reports on Quality -- Prototypes, Problems, and Prospects
Authors: A Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In recent years, it seemed that regular performance reports on the quality of health care would soon be de facto if not de jure national policy. Several states established statewide reporting systems for hospitals. Voluntary coalitions of employers and health plans developed performance-report prototypes and began pilot testing. The Clinton administration's proposal for comprehensive health care reform1 and those of its competitors -- proposals from Representative Jim Cooper (D-Tenn.) and Senator John Chafee (R-R.I.) -- included provisions for federally mandated reports on quality.Comprehensive health care reform in the United States is now dead. The prospect of a national reporting . . .
Primate mammary development. Effects of hypophysectomy, prolactin inhibition, and growth hormone administration.
Authors: D L Kleinberg, W Niemann, E Flamm, P Cooper, G Babitsky, Q Valensi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The pituitary gland has been found to be an important factor in mammary development in primates. Hypophysectomy in 12 sexually immature monkeys caused significant inhibition of estradiol (E2)-induced mammary growth and development. A histological index of mammary development in sexually immature hypophysectomized animals was lower (0.82) than in intact E2-treated controls (3.4; P less than 0.008). Hypophysectomy also inhibited growth of the mammary gland as judged by a size index. Despite the hypophysectomy, E2 stimulated some, albeit blunted, mammary growth and development, which may have been due to incomplete hypophysectomy. Selective inhibition of prolactin by ergot drugs in intact animals did not prevent full mammary development, suggesting that there may be pituitary mammogens other than prolactin, or that very low or unmeasurable concentrations of prolactin were sufficient to synergize with E2 to cause full acinar development. The mean histological index was 3.08 in E2-treated animals and 3.16 in animals treated with E2 plus pergolide. There was also no difference in the size of the glands. We evaluated the effect of growth hormone on mammary development by treating three hypophysectomized animals with pure 22,000 mol wt human growth hormone (hGH) (Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA). We found that physiological or slightly supraphysiological concentrations of hGH in animals with unmeasurable prolactin were incapable of restoring the capacity of E2 to induce full mammary growth. These findings suggest that, if growth hormone is a mammary mitogen, that physiological concentrations are insufficient to synergize with E2 to induce full mammary growth or that other forms of hGH are mammogenic. Our studies suggest that the role of the pituitary gland in mammary mitogenesis in primates is more complicated than previously thought. They also raise the possibility that heretofore unidentified pituitary substances may be mammogenic.
Cardiovascular Drugs and the Management of Heart Disease
Authors: R. de SILVA, P. G CAMICI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Cardiovascular Drugs and the Management of Heart Disease Get access RANIL de SILVA, RANIL de SILVA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAOLO G CAMICI PAOLO G CAMICI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 6, June 1992, Page 639, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.6.639a Published: 01 June 1992
Effect of Physical Therapy on Wound Healing and Quality of Life in Patients With Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Elizabeth Yim, Robert S. Kirsner, Robert S. Gailey, David W. Mandel, Suephy C. Chen, Marjana Tomic-Canic
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have calf muscle pump dysfunction, which is associated with reduced ankle range of motion (ROM). Physical therapy or exercise that targets ankle joint mobility may lead to improvement in calf muscle pump function and subsequent healing. However, little is known regarding the effect of physical therapy or exercise on healing and quality of life (QOL), which is impaired in patients with VLUs.To systematically review the current literature on the effect of physical therapy on healing and QOL outcomes in patients with VLUs and to identify research gaps that warrant further investigation.PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched in April 2014.We found 10 articles, consisting of randomized clinical trials and single-arm cohort studies with small sample sizes, that used physical therapy or exercise for patients with open or healed VLUs. Although there is evidence that exercise strengthens the calf muscle pump and improves ankle ROM, few studies have investigated the effect of these interventions on QOL and healing, and few involved the supervision of a physical therapist.The lack of evidence and randomized clinical trials suggests the need for further investigation on physical therapy-oriented exercise on wound healing and QOL. In addition, more studies are needed to investigate sustainability of the increased ankle ROM after physical therapy has ended or if VLU reoccurrences are prevented.
Intra-articular hyaluronan is without clinical effect in knee osteoarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 337 patients followed for 1 year
Authors: Anette Jørgensen, Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen, Ole Simonsen, Mogens Pfeiffer-Jensen, Christian Eriksen, Henning Bliddal, Niels Wisbech Pedersen, Søren Bødtker, Kim Hørslev-Petersen, Lennart Ørtoft Snerum, Niels Egund, Helle Frimer-Larsen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective To examine the long-term efficacy and safety of five intra-articular injections with hyaluronan in knee osteoarthritis. Methods A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind study of 337 patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee osteoarthritis (clinical and laboratory) and with a Lequesne algofunctional index score (LFI) of 10 or greater. Patients received a hyaluronan product (sodium hyaluronate; Hyalgan) (n=167) or saline (n=170) intra-articularly weekly for 5 weeks and were followed up to 1 year. Time to recurrence was the primary efficacy parameter. LFI, pain on walking 50 m based on visual analogue scale (VAS pain 50 m), paracetamol consumption, patients' global assessment, Nottingham health profile, joint effusion and number of responders were secondary efficacy parameters. The efficacy parameters were analysed by intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP). All adverse events (AE) were recorded as safety parameters. Results Time to recurrence showed no significant treatment effect (ITT analysis, p=0.26). Change from baseline in LFI and VAS pain 50 m for the ITT population showed no treatment effect. Paracetamol consumption, patients' global assessment, responder rates and AE displayed no significant difference between treatment groups, analysed by both ITT and PP. Treatment compliance was 95% in the hyaluronan group and 99% in the placebo group. No safety problems were registered. Conclusion In patients fulfilling the ACR criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee with moderate to severe disease activity (LFI ≥10), five intra-articular injections of hyaluronan did not improve pain, function, paracetamol consumption or other efficacy parameters 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the treatment.
Correction: Mortality Rate in Varicella Infection with Malignancy as a Comorbidity
Authors: Ronald A. Sherman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1988Correction: Mortality Rate in Varicella Infection with Malignancy as a ComorbidityRonald A. Sherman, MDRonald A. Sherman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-438_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I was quite pleased to see the article on varicella-zoster virus infections (1). Not only did this review provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of varicella-zoster immunology and molecular biology, but it also provided a much needed reminder that this virus is not as benign as we frequently think.However, some of the epidemiologic statistics were either misinterpreted or else inadequately referenced. Specifically, the authors state that "Adults with an underlying malignancy, who acquire varicella infection, may have a mortality rate as high as 50%." Because this rate seemed high, I consulted the article cited...References1. StrausOstroveInchauspé SJG. Varicella-zoster virus infections: biology, natural history, treatment, and prevention. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:221-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Preblud S. Varicella: complications and costs. Pediatrics. 1986;78(suppl):728-35. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HT, England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1988Volume 109, Issue 5Page: 438-439KeywordsDeath ratesEpidemiological statisticsImmunologyMolecular biology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance Assays: A Systematic Review
Authors: David J. Samson, Jerome Seidenfeld, Kathleen Ziegler, Naomi Aronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

This systematic review evaluates evidence comparing therapy guided by chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assays with empiric chemotherapy, emphasizing survival outcomes.Prospective studies were sought comparing patients treated contemporaneously by assay-guided chemotherapy and empiric therapy. An initial MEDLINE search and a search performed by a Working Group of the American Society of Clinical Oncology were reviewed with attention to prespecified study selection criteria.This review identified 10 studies meeting selection criteria, plus one retrospective study, using seven different assays. Only two studies randomly assigned patients to assay-guided treatment or empiric treatment. Five of nine nonrandomized studies found significantly higher response rates for patients who received assay-guided therapy compared with those treated empirically. One of the two randomized trials found a significantly higher response rate in the assay-guided group. Four additional studies found response rates favoring assay-guided therapy, but comparisons did not achieve statistical significance. Two nonrandomized studies found overall survival to be significantly improved with assay-guided therapy. One randomized study used a cross-over design that made it difficult to determine whether survival differed between groups, while the other randomized trial found no difference in survival. Six studies provided no comparison of groups on baseline patient characteristics. Only one study reported adverse events data.While higher response rates for assay-guided therapy have been observed, differences may be attributable to bias or confounding. Little evidence on survival is available. These results do not establish the relative effectiveness of assay-guided treatment and empiric treatment. Randomized trials are needed.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Authors: Dereck L. Hunt, Roman Jaeschke, K. Ann McKibbon, None for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sites of pulmonary vasomotor reactivity in the dog during alveolar hypoxia and serotonin and histamine infusion
Authors: Jon B. Glazier, John F. Murray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

In order to evaluate separately changes in vascular tone occurring in arteries and veins, we measured pulmonary capillary red blood cell (RBC) concentration under zone II (waterfall) conditions in isolated dog lungs rapidly frozen with Freon 12. The lungs were frozen while being perfused from artery to vein and from vein to artery breathing normal and hypoxic gas mixtures and during infusions of serotonin and histamine. Changes in capillary RBC concentration which occurred during the experimental conditions indicated an alteration in vascular resistance upstream from the capillaries. Alveolar hypoxia caused a significant decrease in capillary RBC concentration during forward perfusion, but no change from the control values during reverse perfusion. Serotonin infusion caused a decrease in RBC concentration during forward perfusion comparable with that of hypoxia and a small but significant decrease during reverse perfusion. Histamine infusion caused no change in RBC concentration from control values during forward perfusion, but a large decrease during reverse perfusion. We conclude that vasoconstriction occurs (a) exclusively in arteries during alveolar hypoxia, (b) predominantly in arteries but to a lesser extent in veins during serotonin infusion, and (c) exclusively in veins during histamine infusion.
Effect of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with infliximab on IFN , IL4, T-bet, and GATA-3 expression: link with improvement of systemic inflammation and disease activity
Authors: M Kawashima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To study interferon gamma (IFN gamma) production and the expression of T-bet and GATA-3, the transcription factors associated with Th1 and Th2, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and during infliximab treatment, so as to distinguish between a disease specific and a disease activity dependent defect.Rheumatoid PBMC were obtained at weeks 0 and 6 of infliximab treatment and cultured for seven days with or without interleukin (IL)12 or the combination of IL12 and IL18. IFN gamma concentrations in supernatants were determined by ELISA. mRNA expression of IFN gamma, IL4, T-bet, and GATA-3 was determined by real time RT-PCR in whole blood at weeks 0 and 22.A reduction in spontaneous IFN gamma production and in the response to Th1 inducing cytokines occurred in rheumatoid PBMC. Reduction of systemic inflammation with infliximab treatment increased IFN gamma production in response to IL12 or IL12+IL18. The IFN gamma/IL4 expression ratio of rheumatoid blood before treatment was lower than in healthy controls but was increased by infliximab treatment. T-bet expression or T-bet/GATA-3 ratio of rheumatoid blood was less than in controls. The T-bet/GATA-3 ratio was not influenced by infliximab treatment.Regulation of T-bet and GATA-3 or IFN gamma and IL4 expression appeared different. The IFN gamma/IL4 ratio might express the blood Th1/Th2 balance better than the T-bet/GATA-3 ratio. Reduced IFN gamma production by rheumatoid PBMC and levels of IFN gamma and IL4 mRNA expression in blood were linked to disease improvement, indicating an association between this systemic Th1 feature and disease activity.
Immunostimulatory Effects of Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide Are Controlled by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Markus Loeffler, Jörg A. Krüger, Ralph A. Reisfeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cyclophosphamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that was recently applied as either an antiangiogenic/antivasculogenic or an immunostimulatory agent in combination with cancer immunotherapies. It has been previously shown that cyclophosphamide augments the efficacy of antitumor immune responses by depleting CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells and increasing both T-lymphocyte proliferation and T memory cells. Furthermore, cyclophosphamide was shown to mediate killing of circulating endothelial progenitors. However, the molecular basis for these observations has not yet been elucidated. We show here that the cyclophosphamide-mediated inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase is directly linked to its immunostimulatory but not to its antivasculogenic effects. Moreover, combined application of cyclophosphamide with a novel, oral DNA vaccine targeting platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), overexpressed by proliferating endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature, not only completely inhibited the growth of different tumor types but also led to tumor rejections in mice. These findings provide a new rationale at the molecular level for the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Easy as 1, 2, 3? Histamine receptors and gastric acid
Authors: I L P Beales
Journal: Gut (2002)

N -alpha-methyl-histamine, which is produced in the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori , is a potent H2 receptor agonist as well as a H3 receptor agonist

It is over 80 years since the stimulatory effect of histamine on gastric acid was reported.1 The observation that the conventional antihistamines (subsequently shown to be H1 antagonists) failed to block the acid stimulatory action2 ultimately led to the discovery and availability of H2 antagonists.3 These were not only effective drugs but tools to dissect acid secretory physiology, and develop our continually evolving paradigm of histamine as the major paracrine stimulant of gastric acid.4

In the gastric mucosa, histamine is found within enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and mast cells, the relative proportion of the two cell types being species and site dependent. Histamine is formed by the decarboxylation of histamine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). After release histamine is enzymatically deactivated by two pathways. The majority is methylated onto one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring by imidazole- N -methyltransferase, and a smaller proportion is degraded by oxidative deamination to imidazole acetic acid. A further potential methylation site is on the terminal nitrogen of the side chain, producing N -alpha-methyl-histamine (NAMH). In 1935, soon after it was first chemically synthesised, NAMH was shown to be a potent stimulant of canine acid secretion.5 NAMH …
Identification of patients with acute lung injury. Predictors of mortality.
Authors: R L Doyle, N Szaflarski, G W Modin, J P Wiener-Kronish, M A Matthay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

A recent North-American-European Consensus Conference proposed new, uniform criteria for the definition of acute lung injury, in part to facilitate earlier identification of patients for clinical trials. However, these criteria have not been evaluated prospectively. We designed a prospective cohort study of 123 consecutive patients with acute lung injury prospectively identified on admission to the adult intensive care units of a tertiary care university hospital. The objectives were to determine if selection of patients using the new criteria for acute lung injury results in a significant change in the clinical characteristics, risk factors, or predictors of mortality when compared with prior studies of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); and to determine if a quantitative index of the severity of acute lung injury has prognostic value in identifying nonsurvivors of acute lung injury. We used three methods: (1) prospective identification of patients with acute lung injury using a PaO2/FIO2 ratio < 300 and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph in the absence of left heart failure; (2) evaluation of the severity of lung injury using a four-point scoring system; and (3) stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify variables significantly associated with hospital mortality. Overall hospital mortality was 58%. Sepsis was the most common clinical disorder (50/123 or 41%) associated with the development of acute lung injury. Using the new definition for acute lung injury, 66 of the 123 patients were enrolled with a PaO2/FIO2 ratio between 150 and 299; 57 of the 123 patients had a PaO2/FIO2 < 150 at the time of entry into the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Case of the Man Who Felt Too Well
Authors: MICHAEL K. REES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Ad Libitum1 January 1981The Case of the Man Who Felt Too WellMICHAEL K. REES, M.D.MICHAEL K. REES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-133 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWashington—Monday's Supreme Court decision granting federal patent protection to new forms of life clears the way for a wide variety of new man-made organisms to do everything from growing wheat in arid lands to mining metals in inaccessible parts of the earth.There are as many as eight patent applications pending to use new organisms to create different types of interferon, a protein created in small amounts by the human body to fight viral infections.—The Boston Globe, June 18, 1980At the awards ceremony, Horace Silvergreen was once again the recipient of the pin for best attendance of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL K. REES, M.D.Affiliations: Brookline, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 133-133KeywordsInterferonsProteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...