tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cubilin is an albumin binding protein important for renal tubular albumin reabsorption
Authors: Henrik Birn, John C. Fyfe, Christian Jacobsen, Francoise Mounier, Pierre J. Verroust, Hans Ørskov, Thomas E. Willnow, Søren K. Moestrup, Erik I. Christensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Using affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we have identified cubilin, a 460-kDa receptor heavily expressed in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells, as an albumin binding protein. Dogs with a functional defect in cubilin excrete large amounts of albumin in combination with virtually abolished proximal tubule reabsorption, showing the critical role for cubilin in the uptake of albumin by the proximal tubule. Also, by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry we show that previously identified low–molecular-weight renal albumin binding proteins are fragments of cubilin. In addition, we find that mice lacking the endocytic receptor megalin show altered urinary excretion, and reduced tubular reabsorption, of albumin. Because cubilin has been shown to colocalize and interact with megalin, we propose a mechanism of albumin reabsorption mediated by both of these proteins. This process may prove important for understanding interstitial renal inflammation and fibrosis caused by proximal tubule uptake of an increased load of filtered albumin.
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SUBSTANCES REQUIRED FOR CELL MULTIPLICATION
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Lillian E. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells in pure culture obtain the nitrogen, which they build into protoplasm, from proteoses and possibly other primary derivatives of proteins. These proteoses have been prepared from embryo tissues, egg white, commercial fibrin, rabbit brain, Witte's peptone, etc. 2. The presence in embryo juice of a hormone that stimulates cell division is improbable. 3. Proteoses separated from peptic digests of fibrin by sodium sulfate determine a more abundant and prolonged multiplication of the fibroblasts than is produced by embryo juice. Peptones and the smaller split products appear to furnish some nutrient material, but do not cause the rapid proliferation characteristic of proteoses, and are sometimes toxic for tissue cells. 4. Possibly the effect of embryo juice on fibroblasts and epithelium is due to the splitting of the protein of the juice into proteoses by the cell enzymes, or by other enzymes activated by the presence of living cells.
Study of the cell-transforming ability of amosite and crocidolite asbestos and the ability to induce changes in the metabolism and macromolecular binding of benzo(a)pyrene in C3H10T1/2 cells.
Authors: A Poole, R C Brown, G T Fleming
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The cell transforming ability of asbestos dusts was investigated using C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts. In a series of experiments, crocidolite and amosite caused no increase in the number of transformed colonies over that seen in cultures from untreated cells. The dusts were, however, capable of augmenting the oncogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene. This synergistic effect was evident when fibers and chemicals were added to cultures as simple mixtures and when benzo(a)pyrene was adsorbed to the surface of fibers. Asbestos dust did not, however, appear to exert its oncogenic enhancing effect by modifying the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in C3H10T1/2 cells.
Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: S.B. TUCKER, R. TAUSEND, R. COCHRAN, S.A. FLANNIGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris Get access S.B. TUCKER, S.B. TUCKER The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A. Stephen B, Tucker, M.D., Department of Dermatology, I, 204 Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. TAUSEND, R. TAUSEND The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. COCHRAN, R. COCHRAN The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.A. FLANNIGAN S.A. FLANNIGAN The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 4, 1 April 1984, Pages 487–492, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04664.x Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Accepted: 06 September 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion Studies in Lung Cancer
Authors: ISAMU NARABAUASHI, NOBYAKI OTSUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

In 46 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, the diagnostic significance of pulmonary ventilation images by the continuous inhalation of Kr-81m gas, which has an extremely short half life, was studied in comparison with pulmonary perfusion images with Tc-99m MAA. The data were processed using digital analysis techniques. There were 15 cases with discrepancies between ventilation and perfusion. The V/Q ratios of the affected lung among the 43 patients showed values above 1.2 in nine cases and below 0.8 in six cases. The Kr-81m ventilation and Tc-99m perfusion images were compared before and after radiation therapy in eight patients. It was possible to assess the therapeutic effect on regional ventilation and regional perfusion, which could not be evaluated by chest x-ray alone, under the same conditions of normal breathing.
Celiac Disease With Mild Enteropathy Is Not Mild Disease
Authors: Barbara Zanini, Francesca Caselani, Alberto Magni, Daniele Turini, Alice Ferraresi, Francesco Lanzarotto, Vincenzo Villanacci, Nice Carabellese, Chiara Ricci, Alberto Lanzini
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
ACTIVE IMMUNICATION OF GUINEA PIGS WITH THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Herald R. Cox
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Active Eastern or Western equine encephalomyelitis virus in three forms,—chemically untreated but simply passaged through series of mice; adsorbed on alumina Gel C, and precipitated by tannin,—yielded practically the same results when employed for the immunization of guinea pigs. The virus is not inactivated by the process of adsorption or precipitation : guinea pigs and mice inoculated in the brain with these materials develop lethal encephalomyelitis in the same manner as when chemically untreated mouse passage virus has been used. Moreover, there is no difference in the rate of absorption in vivoof the chemically treated and untreated virus preparations. After storage of the three immunizing preparations—the longest periods thus far studied being 2 to 3 months for mouse passage and for precipitated suspensions, and 6 months for adsorbed material—each was found to contain an amount of virus sufficient to produce immunity in animals against the usual intracerebral test inoculation. Finally, the protection afforded by the three preparations is apparently durable, as is true of many active viruses utilized in preventive treatments. The amount of the virus necessary to confer protection may be defined as that which immunizes (a) with the least number of antigenic units and (b) with the minimum of febrile reaction and blood infection. In proportion as this amount is exceeded, the incidence of fever and of circulating virus increases and, on the other hand, as this amount is decreased, the degree of induced immunity is diminished. We have thus shown that for this particular virus and in the guinea pig, one or two subcutaneous doses of I cc. of any of the different virus preparations, each containing 3 x 103 to 3 x 104 mouse infective units, bring about protection regularly against experimental infection by way of the nose or subcutis. The results are irregular when the test is made by way of the brain. By three injections, resistance is invariably obtained against as many as 103 to 104 lethal doses, given intracerebrally. No matter in what form the virus is given, as mouse passage, or adsorbed, or precipitated material, in certain instances fever occurs and virus circulates. With the amount of virus adequate for immunization (3,000 to 30,000 m.i.u.) a mild or subclinical infection may occur in the guinea pig without other manifestation of disease. Lesser quantities of virus apparently fail to gain a foothold in the animal and thus fail to bring about resistance. To conclude, a quantitative basis has been established for the comparison of the immunizing capacities of preparations employed in experimental equine encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs.
Platelet Sarcoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> -ATPase and μ-Calpain Activity Are Altered in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Restored by Rosiglitazone
Authors: Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy, Frank Pistrosch, Birgit Bölck, Robert H.G. Schwinger, Madhulika Dixit, Klaus Badenhoop, Richard A. Cohen, Rudi Busse, Ingrid Fleming
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus display hyperaggregability and increased thrombogenic potential.In platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we found enhanced tyrosine nitration and inactivation of the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA-2), elevated platelet [Ca2+]i, and activation of mu-calpain. The tyrosine nitration of SERCA-2 and the activation of mu-calpain in vitro in platelets from healthy volunteers could be evoked in vitro by peroxynitrite. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 was identified as a mu-calpain substrate; its in vitro degradation was stimulated by peroxynitrite and prevented by calpain inhibitors. Calpain activation also was linked to hyperresponsiveness to thrombin and the loss of platelet sensitivity to nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (hemoglobin A1c >6.6%) contained little or no intact platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, whereas degradation products were detectable. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone increased SERCA-2 expression in megakaryocytes, and treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with rosiglitazone for 12 weeks increased platelet SERCA-2 expression and Ca2+-ATPase activity, decreased SERCA-2 tyrosine nitration, and normalized platelet [Ca2+]i. Rosiglitazone also reduced mu-calpain activity, normalized platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 levels, and partially restored platelet sensitivity to nitric oxide synthase inhibition.These data identify megakaryocytes/platelets as additional cellular targets for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists and highlight potential benefits of rosiglitazone therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Enhanced T cell transmigration across the murine liver sinusoidal endothelium is mediated by transcytosis and surface presentation of chemokines
Authors: Arnhild Schrage, Katja Wechsung, Katrin Neumann, Michael Schumann, Jörg‐Dieter Schulzke, Britta Engelhardt, Martin Zeitz, Alf Hamann, Katja Klugewitz
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Transmigration through the liver endothelium is a prerequisite for the homeostatic balance of intrahepatic T cells and a key regulator of inflammatory processes within the liver. Extravasation into the liver parenchyma is regulated by the distinct expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokines and their receptors on the lymphocyte and endothelial cell surface. In the present study, we investigated whether liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) inhibit or support the chemokine-driven transmigration and differentially influence the transmigration of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cells, indicating a mechanism of hepatic immunoregulation. Finally, the results shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which LSEC modulate chemokine-dependent transmigration. LSEC significantly enhanced the chemotactic effect of CXC-motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and CXCL9, but not of CXCL16 or CCL20, on naive and memory CD4+ T cells of a T helper 1, T helper 2, or interleukin-10–producing phenotype. In contrast, brain and lymphatic endothelioma cells and ex vivo isolated lung endothelia inhibited chemokine-driven transmigration. As for the molecular mechanisms, chemokine-induced activation of LSEC was excluded by blockage of Gi-protein–coupled signaling and the use of knockout mice. After preincubation of CXCL12 to the basal side, LSEC took up CXCL12 and enhanced transmigration as efficiently as in the presence of the soluble chemokine. Blockage of transcytosis in LSEC significantly inhibited this effect, and this suggested that chemokines taken up from the basolateral side and presented on the luminal side of endothelial cells trigger T cell transmigration. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a unique capacity of LSEC to present chemokines to circulating lymphocytes and highlight the importance of endothelial cells for the in vivo effects of chemokines. Chemokine presentation by LSEC could provide a future therapeutic target for inhibiting lymphocyte immigration and suppressing hepatic inflammation. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Doctors with history of drug misuse will face spot checks
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors with a history of substance misuse face spot drug tests, under new rules being drawn up by the General Medical Council.

Under existing rules doctors who are under supervision for alcohol or drug misuse may be served notice that a urine or blood sample will be required in the coming weeks. “For obvious reasons this is not a satisfactory or foolproof way of doing things,” said the GMC's president, Graeme Cato.

Last week, however, the GMC council endorsed recommendations from its Health Review Group for unannounced testing for chemicals to be brought …
THE USE AND ABUSE OF COCAIN.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: D. BRYSON DELAVAN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

According to the law which requires that every positive must have its negative, and every high light its shadow, it appears that all good and useful things must have their antithesis. Of nothing is this statement more true than of drugs. Thus, alcohol is at once a life-saving stimulant and the curse of the world. Opium, the salvation of thousands—the destruction of the power and progress of nations. Probably no drug has ever been discovered of which this is more true than of cocain. Mild in action, seductive in influence, treacherous in effect, it weaves a network of silken threads about its willing victim and leaves him of all men the most helpless. When the discovery of Köller was first made known, it was natural that the desire for new information regarding the effect of cocain should have led to much self-experimentation and more particularly so because of its apparent
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 1999-2000
Authors: Barbara Barzansky
Journal: JAMA (2000)

We used data from the 1999-2000 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire, which had a 100% response rate, and other sources to describe the status of medical education programs in the United States. In 1999-2000, the number of full-time faculty members was 102,446, a 4.3% increase from 1998-1999. The number of basic science faculty increased by less than 0.5%, while the number of clinical faculty increased by about 5%. There were 38,529 medical school applicants in 1999, a 6% decrease from 1998. Women constituted 45.8% and underrepresented minorities made up 12.1% of the 1999-2000 first-year class. New content, such as alternative medicine and cultural competence, and new methods of instruction, such as computer-based learning, are being incorporated by many schools. Seventy schools (56% of the total) require students to pass both Step 1 and Step 2 of the US Medical Licensing Examination for advancement or graduation, an increase from 62 schools (50%) in 1998-1999. The use of standardized methods of assessment, such as objective structured clinical examinations, to evaluate students' clinical performance was highly variable among schools. JAMA. 2000;284:1114-1120
Less intense conditioning with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, idarubicin and etoposide (FCIE) followed by allogeneic unselected peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with leukemia
Authors: RF Schlenk, F Hartmann, M Hensel, W Jung, R Weber-Nordt, A Gabler, R Haas, AD Ho, L Trümper, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Changing social-class distribution of heart disease
Authors: J J Segall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Changing social-class distribution of heart disease SIR,-Dr M G Marmot and others (21 October, p 1109) have reported that changes in "con- sumptions of sugar and, to a lesser extent, milk" may be related to changes in social-class mortality from heart disease (non-valvular and hypertensive)-not in prevalence, as the title of the article might suggest.Their food data from the National Food Survey Commit- tee do not take into account possible social- class differences and changes in food con- sumption outside the home.Global epidemiological evidence on total consumptions indi- cates that milk is more likely than sugar to be aetiologically implicated in ischaemic heart disease.'
Developmental Outcome After Surgical Versus Interventional Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in Children
Authors: K. J. Visconti, D. P. Bichell, R. A. Jonas, J. W. Newburger, D. C. Bellinger
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The assessment of the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on developmental outcomes in children who undergo open heart surgery is hampered by the absence of a suitable comparison group. The development of interventional catheterization techniques for the repair of certain types of congenital heart lesions provides the opportunity to study children who have not been exposed to CPB.We performed standardized neuropsychological testing on children after closure of a secundum atrial septal defect through the use of surgery (n=26) or a transcatheter device (n=19). Device patients, compared with surgical patients, were similar in age at defect closure (mean, 6 years) but older at follow-up testing (12.3 versus 10.6 years). The mean weight percentile at closure was greater and the defect size was smaller in the device patients. Families of device patients tended to have a higher parent IQ, higher level of maternal education, and higher level of maternal occupation. In general, however, children's IQ and achievement scores were in the normal range for both groups. In regression analyses with adjustment for age at testing and parent IQ, surgical repair was associated with a 9.5-point deficit in Full-Scale IQ (P=0. 03) and a 9.7-point deficit in Performance IQ (P=0.05). Block Design was the IQ subtest on which treatment groups differed the most (P=0. 01). Surgical patients achieved significantly better scores on errors of commission (P=0.05) and attentiveness index (P=0.03) on a continuous performance test of attention. Scores on tests of achievement and other neuropsychological domains did not differ significantly between the groups. Regression analyses within the surgical group failed to identify significant CPB-related risk factors.A prospective randomized trial or a study that includes prerepair and postrepair assessments is necessary to establish whether the observed advantages of device closure in neuropsychological outcome represent deleterious effects of CPB or a methodological artifact.
Influence of Atrial Function and Mechanical Synchrony on LV Hemodynamic Status in Heart Failure Patients on Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Hsin-Yueh Liang, Alan Cheng, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Ronald D. Berger, Kunal Agarwal, Patrick Eulitt, Mary Corretti, Gordon Tomaselli, Hugh Calkins, David A. Kass, Theodore P. Abraham
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Current status of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: A literature review to highlight studies limits
Authors: Amilcare Parisi, Ninh T. Nguyen, Daniel Reim, Shu Zhang, Zhi-Wei Jiang, Steven T. Brower, Juan-Santiago Azagra, Olivier Facy, Orhan Alimoglu, Patrick G. Jackson, Hironori Tsujimoto, Yukinori Kurokawa, Lu Zang, Natalie G. Coburn, Pei-Wu Yu, Ben Zhang, Feng Qi, Andrea Coratti, Mario Annecchiarico, Alexander Novotny, Martine Goergen, Jean-Baptiste Lequeu, Tunc Eren, Metin Leblebici, Waddah Al-Refaie, Shuji Takiguchi, Junjun Ma, Yong-Liang Zhao, Tong Liu, Jacopo Desiderio
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
GP trainees' views on hospital obstetric vocational training.
Authors: L F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the content of hospital obstetric vocational training for general practice, the beliefs of general practitioner trainees about this training, and their perceived competence at practical obstetric procedures and the effect of training. DESIGN--Confidential postal questionnaire. SUBJECTS--A random one in four sample of all general practitioner trainees in the United Kingdom on vocational training schemes or in training practices in Autumn 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Trainees9 competence and beliefs on Likert scale, numbers of procedures witnessed and performed, type of maternity care trainees intended to provide. RESULTS--Of 1019 trainees sent questionnaires, 765 (75.1%) replied; 517 had done some hospital obstetric training. After six months as a senior house officer 232/367 (63%) believed they were competent to perform a normal delivery unaided, 228 (62%) to manage a severe postpartum haemorrhage, and 227 (62%) to resuscitate a newborn infant. 272 (35.6%) trainees intended to provide intrapartum care and 56 (7.5%) to book home deliveries in the future. Hospital training increased confidence in performing most obstetric procedures in all trainees. However, a greater proportion of trainees who intended to provide full care than shared care felt competent at performing a normal vaginal delivery (63% (170/272) full v 45% (215/473) shared), low forceps delivery (38% (103) v 17% (79)), manual removal of placenta (24% (65) v 17% (82)), and intubating a neonate (42% (114) v 34% (161)). Trainees who had done any obstetric training were less likely to think that training encouraged future provision of intrapartum care (113/509 (22%) training v 65/213 (31%) no training). CONCLUSION--Hospital vocational obstetric training increases the perceived competence of trainees but fails to encourage them to use obstetric skills.
Next-generation Sequencing of Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen-deprivation Therapy
Authors: Prabhakar Rajan, Ian M. Sudbery, M. Eugenia M. Villasevil, Ernest Mui, Janis Fleming, Mark Davis, Imran Ahmad, Joanne Edwards, Owen J. Sansom, David Sims, Chris P. Ponting, Andreas Heger, Rhona M. McMenemin, Ian D. Pedley, Hing Y. Leung
Journal: European Urology (2013)

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is standard treatment for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Many patients develop castration resistance (castration-resistant PCa [CRPC]) after approximately 2-3 yr, with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CRPC progression are unclear.