tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE AUTISTIC CHILD IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors: LEON EISENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Sixty-three autistic children have been reevaluated at a mean age of 15 years after a mean follow-up period of 9 years. Almost one third have achieved at least a moderate social adjustment. The prognosis has been shown to vary significantly with the presence of useful speech at the age of 5, taken as an index of the severity of autistic isolation. Half of those who possessed meaningful language by the age of 5 improved, whereas only 1 of 31 without the ability to communicate verbally by that age has shown significant improvement. The clinical course of these children justifies the segregation of early infantile autism as a clinical entity, probably to be included within the group of schizophrenias. The psychopathology of autism has been reviewed and the suggestion offered that the fundamental feature is a disturbance in social perception.
Exercise Training Combined With Antihypertensive Drug Therapy
Authors: Michael H. Kelemen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We studied exercise training combined with the use of antihypertensive drugs and examined the following questions. (1) Are there additive antihypertensive benefits with exercise and drug therapy combined? (2) Does drug therapy limit exercise-induced lipid improvements? (3) Does exercise that includes weight training and walking/jogging affect the left ventricle? Fifty-two hypertensive men were randomly assigned, double-blind, to diltiazem hydrochloride, sustained release (360 mg daily), propranolol hydrochloride (240 mg daily), or placebo and exercised three times per week for 10 weeks. Baseline blood pressure (145/97 mm Hg) fell after training (131/84 mm Hg) in all groups. Exercise decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all groups. Increases in the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar in placebo and diltiazem groups, whereas the propranolol group changed in an opposite direction. In all groups, left ventricular mass increased with training, while diastolic function was unchanged. We conclude that (1) drug therapy provided no additive benefit to the antihypertensive effects of exercise, (2) propranolol limited improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and (3) exercise did not adversely affect the left ventricle.
Interaction between fluconazole and rifampicin.
Authors: R J Coker, D R Tomlinson, J Parkin, J R Harris, A J Pinching
Journal: BMJ (1990)

between parts of the NHS.There is a good argument for expanding hospital pharmacies immensely given their expertise and scale of economies.But as long as the philosophy of disintegration prevails hospital pharmacies will fight their own corner and the zeitgeist will screw the gestalt.
Vasopressor-Drug Therapy for Complications of Cerebral Arteriography
Authors: Gary R. Wise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

COMPLICATIONS of cerebral arteriography may be related to the injection of radiopaque contrast medium or to the mechanics of placing a needle or catheter in the arterial system.1 , 2 The injection of contrast medium may produce alterations in cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure, vasomotor regulation, clumping and agglutination of red cells, changes in blood flow and disturbances in enzyme function.2 , 3 Treatment of such complications has been discussed in several recent articles.4 5 6 Very often it is difficult to determine whether or not patients are benefited by a particular mode of therapy in these reports.In 1951 Denny-Brown7 reported that the most . . .
Methylation of the<i>IL-12Rβ2</i>Gene as Novel Tumor Escape Mechanism for Pediatric B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Irma Airoldi, Claudia Cocco, Emma Di Carlo, Silvia Disarò, Emanuela Ognio, Giuseppe Basso, Vito Pistoia
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the interleukin-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2) gene is expressed in normal naive, germinal center and memory B cells but not in their malignant counterparts. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) whether the IL-12Rβ2 gene is silenced in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells, and (ii) what the functional implications of such silencing for tumor growth are. Here, we show that although mature B cells expressed both chains of the IL-12R, normal pro-B and pre-B cells failed to express the IL-12Rβ2 chain. Similarly, primary tumor cells from pediatric pro-B, early pre-B, and pre-B ALL (30 cases) did not express the IL-12Rβ2 chain. IL-12Rβ2 gene silencing in B-ALL was found to depend on methylation of a CpG island in exon 1. Such methylation was not detected in normal early B cells that when differentiated into mature B cells expressed the IL-12Rβ2 gene. Detection of IL-12Rβ2 mRNA and protein in the tumorigenic 697 pre-B-ALL cell line allowed to perform functional experiments in severe combined immunodeficient/nonobese diabetic mice receiving 697 cells with or without human recombinant IL-12 (hrIL-12). hrIL-12 administration reduced tumor growth and metastasis through antiproliferative and proapoptotic rather than antiangiogenic, activities. In conclusion, epigenetic silencing of the IL-12Rβ2 gene represents a novel mechanism of tumor escape for B-ALL cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3978-80)
Quality of Care and Mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Units-Reply
Authors: Murray M. Pollack
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr Kan and Dr Green. In our investigation of 16 randomly selected pediatrie ICUs, mortality rates adjusted for severity of illness, diagnosis, and other risk factors were higher in medical school teaching hospitals and lower in hospitals with pediatrie intensivists. Post hoc analyses indicated that the house officers caring for pediatrie ICU patients may explain the teaching hospital effect. We continue to believe this explanation is plausible. Increased mortality has been associated with residents with inadequate supervision.<sup>1</sup>Adverse events in ICUs are more likely than in other hospital locations to result in serious disability and/or death.<sup>2</sup>Since resident turnover is high, adverse events associated with learning could result in extra deaths. Within this context, a reasonable assumption is that in-house critical care fellows, since they are fully trained pediatricians, provide similar care to pediatrie ICUs without house officers. As
Body Snatching in Connecticut
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I appreciate Dr. Hamlin's comments and the interesting additions regarding the statute passed by the Connecticut legislature, which did indeed antedate the Massachusetts statute as he says. In fact, there was an even earlier statute passed by the New York legislature in 1789. The reason why I cited the Massachusetts statute and not the two preceding ones as "the first law in the English-speaking world which deliberately set out to provide a satisfactory supply of cadavers for dissection" was because the previous laws had provided only that the bodies of criminals could be made available for the study of anatomy. The New York law provided for the bodies of executed criminals. The Connecticut law provided in addition for the bodies of criminals who died in the penitentiary from illness, but even this was not sufficient to fill the needs. The Massachusetts law was more extensive and more
Instruction for Cytokine Expression in T Helper Lymphocytes in Relation to Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Anne Richter, Max Löhning, Andreas Radbruch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

T helper (Th) lymphocytes, when reactivated, recall expression of those cytokines they had been instructed to express in earlier activations, even in the absence of specific cytokine-inducing factors. In cells that memorize their expression, the cytokine genes are modified by chromatin rearrangement and demethylation, suggesting that they have been somatically imprinted. Here we show, by using inhibitors blocking the cell cycle in various stages, that for the instruction of a Th cell to express interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 upon restimulation, entry of the cell into the S phase of the first cell cycle after initial activation is required. Separation of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals in time, demonstrates that this instruction is dependent on concomitant signaling from both receptors. In Th cells, inhibited to progress into the first S phase after activation, the IL-4R and TCR signals can be memorized for at least 1 d, priming the T cell to become instructed for expression of IL-4 upon restimulation, when entering the S phase after release of the cell cycle block. The requirement of the initial S phase of T cell activation, for instruction of Th cells to express IL-4 or IL-10 upon restimulation points to the decisive role of epigenetic modification of cytokine genes as a molecular correlate of the memory to express particular cytokines.
Gallium-67 Citrate Scintigraphy in Toxic Megacolon
Authors: ROBERT R. EDELMAN, HENRY ROYAL, NANCY TELFER, GERALD M. KOLODNY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, scintigraphic imaging with Ga-67 citrate and, more recently, ln-111 labeled leukocytes, are well described methods for identifying involved loops of bowel and regions of abscess formation (1-5). In the course of their disease, approximately one in 50 patients with ulcerative colitis, as well as occasional patients with other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, will develop transmural involvement known as “toxic megacolon.” Although primarily a clinical diagnosis, the presence of toxic megacolon is suggested on plain films by dilatation of the transvere colon to a diameter greater than 6.5 cm, in association with an abnormal mucosal pattern. We report a patient in whom the diagnosis of a toxic megacolon was initially suggested on the basis of a gallium scan.
Polyamine-polyamine oxidase interaction: part of maternal protective mechanism against fetal rejection.
Authors: D M Morgan, G Illei
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Human retroplacental blood serum significantly (p less than 0.01) suppresses the in-vitro uptake of 3H-thymidine--that is, synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid--by spontaneously growing human lymphocytes in the presence of exogenous spermine, but only in concentrations with a higher polyamine oxidase activity than that found in maternal peripheral blood serum during pregnancy. These findings together with observations that the placenta is rich in spermine and that interaction of polyamine oxidase and substrate arrests cell proliferation suggest that such interaction might represent a localised immunoregulatory mechanism in the placental bed, which might contribute to the protection of the fetoplacental unit from possible maternal immune rejection.
P89 HEAT SHOCK FACTOR 1 (HSF1) IS DOWNREGULATED IN RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATED MICE WITH SECONDARY LIVER CANCER PRETREATED WITH NANOLIPOSOMAL shRNA-HSF1
Authors: F. Zanieri, K. Rombouts, V. Carloni, S. Omenetti, N. Tosoratti, S. Cassarino, C. Amabile, S.S.S. Velandy, M. Kester, M. Pinzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Stabbed in the Back: Confronting Back Pain in an Overtreated Society
Authors: Louis Bélard
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

The behavior of a fixed strain of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was studied in guinea pigs after intraocular inoculation. Such inoculation concerns the central and not the peripheral nervous system. The susceptibility to intraocular injection lies midway between the highly virulent intracerebral and the quite avirulent peripheral routes. The virus must act for 10 to 13 hours in order to induce a fatal infection. Removal of the inoculated eyeball before this interval almost always prevents fatality although it may allow immunity to develop. The virus, at suitable intervals after injection into the eye, may be recovered from successive and appropriate optic centers before it is demonstrable in non-optic portions. Approximately 24 hours are required for the virus to reach a significant concentration in the contralateral geniculate body, 36 hours in the contralateral visual cortex. Significant amounts of virus may be present in the optic chiasm and tract prior to involvement of the higher centers. Virus placed in contact with the retina produces an insignificant, essentially non-specific reaction comparable to that produced at the site of direct intracerebral inoculation. In the retina there is no ganglion cell necrosis unless there is a complicating intraocular infection. In the cerebral visual centers the first reaction is inflammatory and interstitial, and may appear in the lateral geniculate body as early as 24 hours after injection. Neuronal necrosis is not the primary action of the virus on the nervous system in these experiments. The distribution of lesions in the brain is in excellent agreement with the method of direct testing for virus content, and is far more accurate than the latter. The virus in its primary distribution through the nervous system follows the nerve pathways of the optic system. This occurs within the central nervous system, where presumably there is first an involvement of the nerve cell body and then a spread along the cell process or axone.
The DEBR rat: an animal model of human alopecia areata
Authors: H.J. MICHIE, C.A.B. JAHODA, R.F. OLIVER, B.E. JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) is reported as a model for human alopecia areata. Parallels with human alopecia areata were observed in relation to the gradual and patchy loss of hair and the penetration of both pelage and vibrissa follicles by mononuclear cells. In particular, the apparent disruption of the follicles within the precortical region of the epidermal component and consequent alterations of normal geometrical relationships between dermal and epidermal components relate directly to similar studies on human alopecia areata. In comparison with other previously described hypotrichotic rodent mutants, the DEBR rat exhibits a unique mechanism of hair loss which may provide important information regarding the pathomechanism of human alopecia areata.
Junior doctors on the warpath.
Authors: A. P. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1992)

investigate the aetiology.We agree with A FThe authors state that pharmacy based trials referred to, giving optimal and instantaneous Mellon and colleagues about the usefulness of conforming to the European Commission's information.urine microscopy as an aid to diagnosing infection, guidelines for good clinical practice are possible.When these sensors and monitors go to the but we however advise caution when dealing with Compliance with some of the stipulations of the community it is paramount that those who hand children,' patients with a self induced diuresis, and guidelines, however, would be problematic.For them out fully educate the users in their use.These patients with vaginitis or cervicitis.' example, it is necessary to check case record forms moves should prevent further events similar to that Steve Higgins and Eboo Versi preach, wisely, with source documents, such as patients' notes.' reported by Emery and colleagues.that patients should have other causes of urethral This ensures that the record form accurately JASPERIEN MEINHARDT symptoms investigated, and we do not disagree.represents the facts.Unless pharmacists keep Graseby Medical, We, however, took a pragmatic approach, realising separate notes on individual patients such valida-Watford, that this was probably a low risk population' and tion would be impossible.Hertfordshire WD2 4LG that a sexual history could be used as a screeningThe guidelines state that the investigator is IEmrJLTalrM,CpetrRWieA.pna
CYST OF THE RIGHT SUPRARENAL CAPSULE REMOVED BY OPERATION
Authors: H. A. Ballance
Journal: BMJ (1923)

I MEDICAL JouRw«A by radiant heat, steam inhalations, and rest was continued. 0,1December 6th both sphenoidal sinuses were washed out with warm normal saline, and the patient at once noticed a remarkable improvement in his vision.Two days afterwards Mr. Treacher Collins reported:"Vision of left eye = 6118.Still much swelling of the optic disc.White lines in the retina to the outer side of the optic disc."Progress.-Dailylavage of both sinuses was contiinued, clotted yellow pus being expelled.On December 20th the radiant heat baths were given up; the patient was sent out into the fresh air,-and the washing of the sinuses was continued every two or three days.The discharge was examined bacteriologically and reported to contain-" a large number of Gram-negative bacilli with a small number of cocci and diphtheroid bacilli.On culture these proved to be the pneumobacillus of Friedlander, Staphylococcus aurcus, and a diphtheroid bacillus of the Hoffmann type."Progress was continuous.By January 2nd Mr. Treacher Collins reported a " Vision of left eye = 619 partly.Swelling of optic disc = 1.5 D.Two white dots now only seen in retina."By January 16th he thought the swelling of the disc was less, and no retinal changes.Cure.-By February 17th his report was as follows: "Vision of his left eye is now better than that of his right.With -0.5 cyl.900 he sees part of 6/6 and reads J.1 fluently.His field of vision shows only very slight contraction up and in (vide Chart 2).The swelling of the optic disc has subsided, but it still presents rather ill-defined margins, and has a filled-in appearance, no sign of physiological cup showing.The.retina is quite clear."The sphenoidal cavities had been washed out at decreasing intervals, and their-interior had occasionally been painted with 25 per cent.argyrol.All suppuration in them has now ceased, the greenish-yellow post-nasal discharge has disappeared, and, as a result, the patient has gained in weight and feels better than he has done since the war.
Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Mothers Whose Children Are Receiving Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Holly A. Swartz, Ellen Frank, Allan Zuckoff, Jill M. Cyranowski, Patricia R. Houck, Yu Cheng, M.A. Dana Fleming, Nancy K. Grote, David A. Brent, M. Katherine Shear
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: Depressed mothers of children with psychiatric illness struggle with both their own psychiatric disorder and the demands of caring for ill children. When maternal depression remains untreated, mothers suffer, and psychiatric illness in their offspring is less likely to improve. This randomized, controlled trial compared the interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers (IPT-MOMS), a nine-session intervention based on standard interpersonal psychotherapy, to treatment as usual for depressed mothers with psychiatrically ill offspring. Method: Forty-seven mothers meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression were recruited from a pediatric mental health clinic where their school-age children were receiving psychiatric treatment and randomly assigned to IPT-MOMS (N=26) or treatment as usual (N=21). Mother-child pairs were assessed at three time points: baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 9-month follow-up. Child treatment was not determined by the study. Results: Compared to subjects assigned to treatment as usual, subjects assigned to IPT-MOMS showed significantly lower levels of depression symptoms, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and higher levels of functioning, as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning, at 3-month and 9-month follow-ups. Compared to the offspring of mothers receiving treatment as usual, the offspring of mothers assigned to IPT-MOMS showed significantly lower levels of depression as measured by the Children's Depressive Inventory at the 9-month follow-up. Conclusions: Assignment to IPT-MOMS was associated with reduced levels of maternal symptoms and improved functioning at the 3- and 9-month follow-ups compared to treatment as usual. Maternal improvement preceded improvement in offspring, suggesting that maternal changes may mediate child outcomes.
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF PSYCHOSES DUE TO DRUGS OR OTHER EXOGENOUS POISONS
Authors: BENJAMIN MALZBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. Psychoses due to drugs or other exogenous poisons represent very few first admissions to hospitals for mental disease in New York State. Such psychoses average only about 0.2% of all first admissions. 2. Despite the small number of such first admissions, it is evident, nevertheless, that psychoses due to drugs, etc., are more frequent among females than among males. 3. Very few cases of such psychoses arise from poisoning due to a metal or to a gas. The largest single category is probably that arising from the use of opium or its derivatives. 4. The average age of first admissions with psychoses due to drugs, etc., is approximately 46 years. Females averaged about a year older than males. Approximately 60.0% of such admissions are found within ages 35 to 54. 5. There was a high percentage of intemperate users of alcohol among first admissions due to drugs, etc. 6. When classified as to marital status, all first admissions with drug psychoses, etc., except the married group, were in relative excess of the numbers expected when compared with similar marital groups in the general population. The excess was especially marked among those who were separated or divorced. 7. When compared with the general population, first admissions with drug psychoses, etc., did not show any significant differences with respect to degree of education. However, they included higher percentages with a high school or college education than is found among all first admissions. 8. Psychoses due to drugs, etc., occurred more frequently among the urban than among the rural population. With respect to the latter, they were confined to the nonfarm group. 9. Negroes had a higher rate of first admissions with drug psychoses, etc., than whites. This was due to a great excess among Negro males. Negro females on the contrary contributed less than their quota of such first admissions. 10. Foreign-born whites had less than their quota of first admissions with psychoses due to drugs, etc. Native whites had an excess of such admissions. 11. There is a suggestion of a relatively high rate of first admissions with psychoses due to drugs, etc., among Jews, in contrast with unusually low rates of first admissions with alcoholic psychoses among them.