tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-procedure lipid lowering therapy on in hospital mortality following percutaneous coronary interventions: an analysis of a large multicenter database
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, Eva Kline-Rogers, Anthony C. DeFranco, Michael O'Donnell, Ann Maxwell-Eward, David Share, John G. McGinnily, Michele De Gregorio, William L. Meengs, Vivien L. Clark, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Dexamethasone for Meningitis
Authors: Nabu I. Girgis, Zoheir Fand, Michael E. Kilpatrick, Yehia Sultan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1990Dexamethasone for MeningitisNabu I. Girgis, MBBCh, Zoheir Fand, DTM&H, Michael E. Kilpatrick, MD, Yehia Sultan, MBBChNabu I. Girgis, MBBChSearch for more papers by this author, Zoheir Fand, DTM&HSearch for more papers by this author, Michael E. Kilpatrick, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Yehia Sultan, MBBChSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-5-410_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: We read with great interest the review by Tunkel and colleagues (1) on the pathophysiology and treatment of meningitis. We would like to draw your attention to our clinical work in Egypt on the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of meningitis in adults (2). In well-controlled studies in Cairo, we found that dexamethasone in combination with antibacterial therapy significantly reduced the overall mortality (P < 0.01) and the hearing loss (P < 0.05) in adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis (age range, 12 to 50 years). No serious side effects attributable to dexamethasone were seen in any...References1. Tunkel A, Wispelwey B, and Scheid M. Bacterial meningitis: recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 112:610-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Girgis N, Farid Z, Abu EI Ella A, and Kilpatrick M. Dexamethasone treatment for bacterial meningitis in children and adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989;8:848-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nabu I. Girgis, MBBCh; Zoheir Fand, DTM&H; Michael E. Kilpatrick, MD; Yehia Sultan, MBBCh PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1990Volume 113, Issue 5Page: 410-410KeywordsAntibacterial therapyHearingMeningitisMortality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Investigation of an association between onset of narcolepsy and vaccination with pandemic influenza vaccine, Ireland April 2009-December 2010
Authors: D O’Flanagan, A S Barret, M Foley, S Cotter, C Bonner, C Crowe, B Lynch, B Sweeney, H Johnson, B McCoy, E Purcell
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

In 2011, the Irish Medicines Board received reports of onset of narcolepsy following vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with Pandemrix. A national steering committee was convened to examine the association between narcolepsy and pandemic vaccination. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study. Narcolepsy cases with onset from 1 April 2009 to 31 December 2010 were identified through active case finding. Narcolepsy history was gathered from medical records. Pandemic vaccination status was obtained from vaccination databases. Two independent experts classified cases using the Brighton case definition. Date of onset was defined as date of first healthcare contact for narcolepsy symptoms. Incidence of narcolepsy in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals was compared. Of 32 narcolepsy cases identified, 28 occurred in children/adolescents and for 24 first healthcare contact was between April 2009 and December 2010. Narcolepsy incidence was 5.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4–8.9) per 100,000 children/adolescents vaccinated with Pandemrix and 0.4 (95% CI: 0.1–1.0) per 100,000 unvaccinated children/adolescents (relative risk: 13.9; absolute attributable risk: 5.3 cases per 100,000 vaccinated children/adolescents). This study confirms the crude association between Pandemrix vaccination and narcolepsy as observed in Finland and Sweden. The vaccine is no longer in use in Ireland. Further studies are needed to explore the immunogenetic mechanism of narcolepsy.
PERFORATING WOUNDS OF THE EYEBALL.
Authors: D. C. BRYANT
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Perforating injuries of the eyeball are quite common among railroad employes and occur in all forms and degrees from the slightest perforation of the cornea with the loss of scarcely a drop of aqueous humor to the complete opening up of the globe and the entire loss of all its contents. Perforating wounds of the eyeball, with few exceptions, should be looked upon as serious injuries and be treated with the care that such cases deserve. Beginning with the wounds in the anterior part of the eyeball a small cut with a clean and sharp instrument through the cornea is not generally a serious injury, unless the agent producing the wound be infected, or penetrates beyond the posterior surface of the cornea far enough to injure the iris, lens or deeper structure of the eye. But if this cut should be situated within the pupillary space, the injury would be
A CASE OF VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: C. E. Ware
Journal: JAMA (1927)

L. P. M., a white man, aged 28, was referred to me, June 22, 1925, by a dentist, complaining with a sore throat for two or three days. The patient had had the usual diseases of childhood. Tonsillectomy was done two years before. He had sore throat one year before, which was diagnosed diphtheria though a culture was negative; from 20,000 to 30,000 units of diphtheria antitoxin and some local applications to the throat were given. The condition cleared up in about a week. There was no history of syphilis. The pharynx was inflamed and a small ulcer was seen on a piece of tonsil in the right lower fossa. There was some discomfort and swelling. A clinical diagnosis of Vincent's angina was made and verified by laboratory observation of Vincent's bacillus and spirillum. The patient was seen daily in the office and various applications and gargles were used,
Modeling the Worldwide Spread of Pandemic Influenza: Baseline Case and Containment Interventions
Authors: Vittoria Colizza, Alain Barrat, Marc Barthelemy, Alain-Jacques Valleron, Alessandro Vespignani
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, which is now widespread in Southeast Asia and which diffused recently in some areas of the Balkans region and Western Europe, has raised a public alert toward the potential occurrence of a new severe influenza pandemic. Here we study the worldwide spread of a pandemic and its possible containment at a global level taking into account all available information on air travel.We studied a metapopulation stochastic epidemic model on a global scale that considers airline travel flow data among urban areas. We provided a temporal and spatial evolution of the pandemic with a sensitivity analysis of different levels of infectiousness of the virus and initial outbreak conditions (both geographical and seasonal). For each spreading scenario we provided the timeline and the geographical impact of the pandemic in 3,100 urban areas, located in 220 different countries. We compared the baseline cases with different containment strategies, including travel restrictions and the therapeutic use of antiviral (AV) drugs. We investigated the effect of the use of AV drugs in the event that therapeutic protocols can be carried out with maximal coverage for the populations in all countries. In view of the wide diversity of AV stockpiles in different regions of the world, we also studied scenarios in which only a limited number of countries are prepared (i.e., have considerable AV supplies). In particular, we compared different plans in which, on the one hand, only prepared and wealthy countries benefit from large AV resources, with, on the other hand, cooperative containment scenarios in which countries with large AV stockpiles make a small portion of their supplies available worldwide.We show that the inclusion of air transportation is crucial in the assessment of the occurrence probability of global outbreaks. The large-scale therapeutic usage of AV drugs in all hit countries would be able to mitigate a pandemic effect with a reproductive rate as high as 1.9 during the first year; with AV supply use sufficient to treat approximately 2% to 6% of the population, in conjunction with efficient case detection and timely drug distribution. For highly contagious viruses (i.e., a reproductive rate as high as 2.3), even the unrealistic use of supplies corresponding to the treatment of approximately 20% of the population leaves 30%-50% of the population infected. In the case of limited AV supplies and pandemics with a reproductive rate as high as 1.9, we demonstrate that the more cooperative the strategy, the more effective are the containment results in all regions of the world, including those countries that made part of their resources available for global use.
WHAT BENEFIT CAN EAR-PATIENTS DERIVE FROM NASAL TREATMENT.Read before the Illinois State Medical Society, May, 1893.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The causative relation of naso-pharyngeal anomalies to diseases of the middle ear is so evident and well known that you will find reference to it in all text books of otology. To what extent, however, we can benefit ear patients by treatment of their nasal and pharyngeal disorders is a subject on which views still differ. While all the systematic treatises written by European otologists discuss the treatment of nasal conditions in connection with catarrh of the middle ear, they speak of the nasal anomalies as an occasional cause and as a condition favorable to the development and maintenance of the ear disease rather than as the regular starting point of the trouble. And until recently it was not the practice in most European ear clinics to pay much attention to the nose except when compelled by urgent nasal symptoms. On the other hand American rhinologists have insisted very properly,
DEFECT IN NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS IN JOB'S SYNDROME OF RECURRENT "COLD" STAPHYLOCOCCAL ABSCESSES
Authors: HarryR Hill, PaulG Quie, HenryF Pabst, HansD Ochs, RobertA Clark, SeymourJ Klebanoff, RalphJ Wedgwood
Journal: The Lancet (1974)
Yoga Nidra: a deep mental relaxation approach
Authors: Gurmeet Singh, Jitender Singh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

For past many eternities human being is indulged in a process, the process of reaching towards perfection and of being perfect. Many researchers and technocrats are still inventing things and many had already changed our lifestyles and made this world a comfort place to live in. This mad run invited many unwanted guests, pollution of air/land/water, pollution of society/body/mind, which further leads to many sufferings and stressful life. Developing the ability to lax your body and calm your mind is significant because it helps you to control your activation level and channel your focus, both needed for stability. Yoga, a system of mental and physical training, concerns with postures, breathing exercises, meditations, which claim to give knowledge of reality. In the area of mental relaxation and meditation, shavasana and the sitting postures maintain the balance by their equal input of physical stimuli. Yoga Nidra is a systematic method of inducing complete mental, emotional and physical relaxation. It means psychic sleep, where conscious intellectual mind disappears, subconscious mind becomes active and unconscious mind merges with the subconscious, and there we have no concept of time and space. Yoga Nidra is an effective way to release stress and induce deep physiological rest and relaxation. Rotating the awareness around the different parts of the body in turn, as we do in Yoga Nidra, stimulates the chakras in a fully balanced way. During scientific experiments it has been seen that when you practice Yoga Nidra, α waves change immediately.
Disclosure to the Reader of Institutional Review Board Approval and Informed Consent
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The Declaration of Helsinki provides rules for the ethical conduct of studies with human subjects by building on the foundation that a patient has a right to make an uncoerced, reasoned decision on whether or not to participate: to give informed consent. Many countries have mandated that institutional review boards (IRBs) or their equivalent ensure that the rules enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki are followed in practice. See also pp 909, 925, and 927. The Declaration states: "Reports of experimentation not in accordance with the principles laid down in this Declaration should not be accepted for publication."<sup>1</sup>This statement implies that journals have a duty to confirm by the methods open to them that research was conducted according to ethical standards and suggests as well that they have a strong interest in promoting ethical research practices. Many journals seem to agree. For example, the International Committee of Medical
A 28 year follow up of mortality among women who smoked during pregnancy
Authors: P. Rantakallio, E. Laara, M. Koiranen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Objective : To investigate long term mortality among women who smoked during pregnancy and those who stopped smoking. Design : A follow up of a geographically defined cohort from 1966 through to 1993. Subjects : 11994 women in northern Finland expected to deliver in 1966, comprising 96% of all women giving birth in the area during that year. Smoking habits were recorded during pregnancy but not later. Main outcome measure : Mortality by cause (571 deaths). Results : The mortality ratio adjusted for age, place of residence, years of education and marital status was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.8) for the women who smoked during pregnancy and 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2) for those who stopped smoking before the second month of pregnancy, both compared with non-smokers. Among the smokers the relative mortality was higher for typical diseases related to tobacco intake, such as respiratory and oesophageal cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular and digestic organs and also for accidents and suicides. Conclusion : The risk of premature death seems to be higher in women who smoke during pregnancy than in other women who smoke. This may be explained either by the low proportion of those who stop later and the high proportion of heavy smokers or by other characteristics of thesesubjects that increase the risk.
Manganese oxide and docetaxel co-loaded fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for dual modal imaging and chemotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Azhar Z. Abbasi, Preethy Prasad, Ping Cai, Chunsheng He, Warren D. Foltz, Mohammad Ali Amini, Claudia R. Gordijo, Andrew M. Rauth, Xiao Yu Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
The Results of Surgical Treatment in Graves's Disease
Authors: W. P. Vander Laan, Orvar Swenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE introduction into this clinic by Astwood1 of thiouracil and other potent antithyroid drugs for the medical treatment of Graves's disease resulted in a challenge to the concept that this condition is best treated surgically. Thus, there is a growing divergence of opinion concerning the relative merits of medical and surgical therapy in hyperthyroidism.As a contribution to the discussion of this problem, a study has been made of the results of surgery for a period during which the performance of adequate subtotal thyroidectomy, combined with the proper use of iodine and other preoperative and postoperative measures, was the accepted . . .
Abstract 221: C6-ceramide sensitizes the aggressive L3-6 pancreatic cancer cell line to paclitaxel-mediated antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Cong Cao, Wayne Bowen, Harold Wanebo, Yansheung Wan, Fran Ji, Su Lu, David Shrayer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Key words: C6 Ceramide, Taxol, Gemcitabine, AMPK, AKT/mTOR, chemotherapy, pancreatic cancer Background: Survival after therapy of pancreatic cancer is about &amp;lt;5% with a strong need for new chemotherapy enhancing strategies. Our previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that C6 Ceramide has synergistic anti tumor effects on agents (Taxol, Oxaliplatin, Gemcitabine) against the aggressive pancreatic cancer cell line L3.6 in scid mice. The molecular mechanisms of this synergistic effect are our current focus. Methods: The synergistic effects of C6 ceramide on Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine were studied both in vivo (by monitoring survival, tumor size, tumor growth rate, in heterografted L3-6 pancreatic cancer cells in scid mice) and in vitro (by MTT assay and apoptosis assays-(Caspase dependent/independent), and Western blot assays of signal transduction pathways to determine molecular mechanisms involved in the C6 Ceramide synergistic effects. Results: In vivo and in vitro data confirmed significant C6 Ceramide synergistic enhancement of Paclitaxel (P) and Gemcitabine (G) in the L3-6 model. Basic findings: Paclitaxel alone activates pro-survival pathway PI3K/AKT/mTOR in L3.6 cells. C6 ceramide induces pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway sensitizing L3.6 cells to Paclitaxel induced cell death and apoptosis. C6 Ceramide also dramatically enhanced Paclitaxel induced AMPK activation, a key energy switch enzyme that is responsible for cell apoptosis in stress. PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition and AMPK induction may be major mechanisms of C6 synergistic effect on paclitaxel induced cell death. We also found that C6 Ceramide also promotes Paclitaxel induced activation of the mitochondrial mediated apoptosis pathway sensitizing L3.6 to chemotherapeutic induced cell death. Conclusion: Our data suggests that combining C6 Ceramide with traditional chemotherapy drugs illustrated by paclitaxel may have potential as a new biologic therapeutic intervention against pancreatic cancer and merits continued study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 221.
Renal Metastasis From Primary Colon Cancer on FDG PET-CT
Authors: Linh Ho, Heidi Wassef, Robert Henderson, John Seto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the PET-CT appearance of a metastasis from a primary colon cancer to the right kidney in an 84-year-old woman with a history of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and chemotherapy. Restaging PET-CT study, 4 months after her last chemotherapy, demonstrates a hypermetabolic soft-tissue mass in the inferior pole of the right kidney. The patient subsequently had a right partial nephrectomy. The pathology was consistent with metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Renal metastasis from primary colon cancer is very rare.
Book: Sex, Gender and Health
Authors: K. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Tessa M Pollard, Susan Brin Hyatt Cambridge University Press, £12.95, pp 184 ISBN 0 521 59707 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> There has been considerable interest in gender and other inequalities in health over the past two decades. An orthodoxy became established that, despite lower mortality among women, now seen virtually throughout the globe, women experience more morbidity than men (a generalisation that has been challenged in recent years). A frustration with some existing literature is that, despite social and legislative changes and challenges to the roles and opportunities for women and men in the latter part of the 20th century, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Inhibition of p38 signaling negatively affects chondrogenesis by progenitor cells in vitro, but does not inhibit ankylosis in a model of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: K. Braem, I. Derese, F. P. Luyten, R. J. Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterised by chronic inflammation of the spine and joints as well as progressive ankylosis leading to loss of function and disability. In spite of increasingly successful control of inflammation with tumour necrosis factor α inhibitory agents, structural progression of disease appears not to be affected by these drugs. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been identified as key players in onset and progression of ankylosis. BMP associated intracellular signaling cascades (SMAD and p38 mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) signaling) play a role during chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. p38 MAPK is not only a downstream molecule in tissue differentiation, but also in inflammation. Here, we studied the inhibition of p38 on chondrogenesis and ankylosis in vitro and in vivo and the effect of BMP signaling on chemokine induction. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Male DBA/1 mice from different litters were caged together at the age of 8 weeks. From week 10 onwards, mice were injected daily with SB203580 (50 μg/g body weight) or DMSO and studied for prospective signs of arthritis. Mice were killed at the age of 17 weeks and toe joints were analysed by histology to assess disease severity. For in vitro experiments, human periosteal progenitor cells were cultured in pellets and stimulated with BMP2 or TGFβ1 in the presence or absence of SB203580, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated at day 7, 11 and 14 using quantitative PCR marker analysis. Mesenchymal cell types (periosteal and bone marrow stromal cells) in monolayer were treated with BMP2 in presence or absence of dexamethasone and studied for chemokine expression by quantitative real-time PCR. <h3>Results</h3> p38 inhibition by SB203580 downregulated chondrogenic markers (Sox9, Col2, Col10) in periosteal progenitor cell pellet cultures stimulated by TGFβ1 or BMP2. This inhibition was also found with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF. In contrast, the in vivo experiments resulted in an increased clinical incidence of peripheral arthritis and pathology severity score in mice receiving SB203580. In vitro, BMP2 stimulation upregulated neutrophil chemokines in different mesenchymal joint associated cell types, which was inhibited by dexamethasone. <h3>Conclusions</h3> p38 activation occurs both downstream of proinflammatory cytokines and TGFβ superfamily members. In vitro inhibition of p38 negatively affects chondrogenesis. In a mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis, p38 inhibition however appeared to stimulate ankylosis. These contrasting features could be explained by dominant inhibition of the negative effects downstream of proinflammatory cytokines on ankylosis. Furthermore, BMP signaling induces neutrophil chemokine expression, suggesting that activation of progenitor cells can contribute to inflammation
Healing ancient and modern
Authors: J Hollis-Triantafillou
Journal: BMJ (1994)

“Could you just wait a minute, doctor,” said the harassed young father, slightly guiltily I thought, as he opened the door and showed me into the sitting room. The baby that I had been called to see was wailing loudly in the next room, and after a brief delay I was ushered in to see her. Besides mother and baby there were two elderly yia-yias [grandmothers] in black, one of whom was vigorously rocking the baby, who suddenly stopped crying and gave me a tentative smile.

“What a beautiful baby!” I exclaimed. There was an …