tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel mutation in the keratin 4 gene causing white sponge naevus
Authors: S-C. Chao, Y-M. Tsai, M-H. Yang, J.y-Y. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article A novel mutation in the keratin 4 gene causing white sponge naevus Get access S‐C. Chao, S‐C. Chao Department of Dermatology, National Cheng‐Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐M. Tsai, Y‐M. Tsai Department of Dermatology, National Cheng‐Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐H. Yang, M‐H. Yang Department of Dermatology, National Cheng‐Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.y‐Y. Lee J.y‐Y. Lee Department of Dermatology, National Cheng‐Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan J. Yu‐Yun Lee MD. E‐mail: yylee@mail.ncku.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Pages 1125–1128, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05337.x Published: 01 June 2003 Article history Accepted: 13 November 2002 Published: 01 June 2003
Transcriptional Control of Early B Cell Development
Authors: Meinrad Busslinger
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2004)

The generation of B-lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled by multiple transcription factors regulating distinct developmental aspects. Ikaros and PU.1 act in parallel pathways to control the development of lymphoid progenitors in part by regulating the expression of essential signaling receptors (Flt3, c-Kit, and IL-7R alpha). The generation of the earliest B cell progenitors depends on E2A and EBF, which coordinately activate the B cell gene expression program and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements at the onset of B-lymphopoiesis. Pax5 restricts the developmental options of lymphoid progenitors to the B cell lineage by repressing the transcription of lineage-inappropriate genes and simultaneously activating the expression of B-lymphoid signaling molecules. LEF1 and Sox4 contribute to the survival and proliferation of pro-B cells in response to extracellular signals. Finally, IRF4 and IRF8 together control the termination of pre-B cell receptor signaling and thus promote differentiation to small pre-B cells undergoing light-chain gene rearrangements.
Rate-modulated pacing.
Authors: S Furman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The primary role of cardiac rate in adapting cardiac output to changing physiological needs has been more clearly recognized in recent years. Previously, the rate of cardiac stimulation had been determined either at pacemaker manufacture, by programming a single rate, or by sensing the atrium. More recently, sensing another physiological or nonphysiological function that changes in response to body need has become possible. Exercise changes blood oxygen saturation, central venous pH, central venous temperature, minute ventilation and respiratory rate, stroke volume, circulating catecholamines, QT interval, evoked endocardial response to a stimulus, and the mechanics of myocardial contraction. Some sensors respond to muscle work but not to intellectual effort or emotion. Pacemaker-based sensors of physiological function or activity allow a change in cardiac stimulation rate in response to need. Whichever sensor is used, increases in ventricular rate during exercise regularly produce a cardiac output response. Single-chamber, rate-modulated pacemakers in atrium or ventricle and dual-chamber devices are now implanted on a widespread basis. These drive the atrium, the ventricle, or both, sensing or pacing the atrium at a rate determined by the sensor.
156 SUBNORMOTHERMIC MACHINE PERFUSION REDUCES PRESERVATION DAMAGE OF LIVERS FROM NON-HEART BEATING DONORS: A NEW CHANGE FOR EXPANDING THE DONOR POOL?
Authors: A. Ferrigno, V. Rizzo, E. Bonconpagni, P. Richelmi, D. Neri, E. Gringeri, I. Freitas, U. Cillo, M. Vairetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
How does male circumcision protect against HIV infection?
Authors: R. Szabo
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In his otherwise excellent review of the AIDS epidemic in the 21st century, Fauci presented no new strategies for preventing the spread of the disease.1 He made no mention of male circumcision, yet there is now compelling epidemiological evidence from over 40 studies which shows that male circumcision provides significant protection against HIV infection; circumcised males are two to eight times less likely to become infected with HIV.2 Furthermore, circumcision also protects against other sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis and gonorrhoea,3 4 and since people who have a sexually transmitted infection are two to five times more likely to become infected with HIV,5 circumcision may be even more protective. The most dramatic evidence of the protective effect of circumcision comes from a new study of couples in Uganda who had discordant HIV status; in this study the woman was HIV positive and her male partner was not.6 No new infections occurred among any of the 50 circumcised men over 30 months, whereas 40 of 137 uncircumcised men became infected during this time. Both groups had been given free access to HIV testing, intensive instruction about preventing infection, and free condoms (which were continuously available), but 89% of the men never used condoms, and condom use did not seem to influence the rate of transmission of HIV. These findings should focus the spotlight of scientific attention onto the foreskin. Why does its removal reduce a man's susceptibility to HIV infection?

#### Summary points

The majority of men who are HIV positive have been infected through the penis

There is conclusive epidemiological evidence to show that uncircumcised men are at a much greater risk of becoming infected with HIV than circumcised men

The inner surface of the foreskin contains Langerhans' cells with HIV receptors; these cells are likely to …
US television science news is sometimes public relations in disguise
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The science news broadcast by US television stations is sometimes not genuine reporting by a science journalist who works for the television station or the network. Instead it is prepared by a public relations firm for corporate or government clients, says a report from the non-profit making Center for Media and Democracy (CMD). 

Video news releases are designed to look like news reports, but they present the point of view of the sponsor. 

This month's report is a follow-up to a document that the centre issued in April, entitled Fake News (www.prwatch.org/fakenews/execsummary), which says that US television stations often do not divulge the source of prepackaged video information and broadcast it as news ( BMJ 2006;332:919). 

Stations …
Interaction of spironolactone with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers: analysis of 44 cases
Authors: E. Wrenger
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Polarization of cells prior to asymmetric cell division is crucial for correct cell divisions, cell fate and tissue patterning. In maize stomatal development, polarization of subsidiary mother cells prior to asymmetric division is controlled by the BRK-PAN-ROP pathway. Two catalytically inactive receptor-like kinases, PAN2 and PAN1, are required for correct division plane positioning. Proteins in the BRK-PAN-ROP pathway are polarized in subsidiary mother cells, with the polarization of each protein dependent on the previous one. As most of the known proteins in this pathway do not physically interact, possible interactors that might participate in the pathway are yet to be described. We identified WPR proteins as new players during subsidiary mother cell polarization. WPRs physically interact with PAN receptors, and polarly accumulate in subsidiary mother cells. The polarized localization of WPR proteins depends on PAN2 but not PAN1. CRISPR-Cas9- induced mutations result in division plane defects in subsidiary mother cells, and ectopic expression of WPR-RFP results in stomatal defects and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton. We show certain WPR proteins directly interact with F-actin through their N-terminus. Our data implicate WPR proteins as potentially regulating actin filaments, which providing insight into their molecular function. Together, these results demonstrate that WPR proteins are important for cell polarization. <h3>One-sentence summary</h3> Four related proteins, identified via their physical interaction with the receptor PAN2, are polarly localized prior to asymmetric division in stomatal lineage cells, and interact with F-actin.
Community Empowerment as a Strategy for Health Promotion for Black and Other Minority Populations
Authors: Ronald L. Braithwaite
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE HEALTH status of blacks, other minorities, and the poor remains unconscionably low when contrasted with that of white Americans. This disparity is not new but is an historical trend that can be seen across all categories of the leading causes of death and disease. In August 1985, the<i>Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health</i><sup>2</sup>noted that minorities experienced approximately 60 000 "excess deaths" annually. Margaret Heckler, who was then the secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services, emphasized that the disparity is "an affront both to our ideals and to the ongoing genius of American Medicine." The six major contributors to the disparity between black and white death rates are cancer, cardiovascular disease and stroke, diabetes, chemical dependency, homicide and accidents, and infant mortality. Since the 1985 report, blacks and Latinos, in particular, also have evidenced a disproportionately high rate
Effectiveness of Medical Care
Authors: Robert J. Haggerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IT has become fashionable in academic circles to raise doubts about the effectiveness of all medical care.1 This is an understandable and needed reaction against the therapeutic enthusiasm that has been rampant in the profession and the general population for the past 25 years. One of the best perspectives in this debate was the work of Cochrane,2 who, in elegant prose and logic, described how little evidence there is to prove that benefits exceed risks of most therapy. White has made a very useful distinction between efficacy (does a given treatment work or benefit the individual patient?) and effectiveness (does . . .
Primary Generalized Infection Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: W. H. J. Baker, A. M. Lawton, K. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1952)

NEURINOMA OF STOMACH from intermittent pains in the epigastrium, not aggravated by food.These complaints continued for approximately three years, after which a severe haematemesis occurred, presumably gastric in origin.Then and until May, 1951, her condition was satisfactory.At that time she started complaining of pain in the epigastrium, aggravated by food, and of acid eructations.On examination the patient was pale and emaciated.The lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys were normal.A fixed hard mass the size of an egg was palpated in the epigastrium.Its upper end was covered by the left costal margin.The urine was normal.A blood count showed: red cells, 4,200,000; Hb, 84% ; white cells, 6,800, with a normal differential count.The other laboratory tests were negative.X-ray examination of the stomach demonstrated a considerable niche, about 4-5 cm.wide, situated below the cardia on the lesser curvature.A clinical diagnosis of penetrative callous ulcer of the lesser curvature was made.Operation.-OnMarch 14, under thialbarbitone, nitrous oxide, and tubocurarine anaesthesia, a high median incision was made.At the lesser curvature of the stomach a tumour the size of a fist was found, extending from the cardia to the pylorus.As the diagnosis was malignant tumour, a total gastrectomy was performed.The spleen and the tail of the pancreas were also removed.The patient was returned to the ward in good condition.During the operation 500 ml. of blopd and 500 g. of polyvinylpyrrolidone (" subtosan") were transfused.The histological report stated "Large neurinoma aris- ing from the outer stomach wall of the lesser curvature.Ulceration at the middle of the tumour, about 3 cm. in diameter and 3 cm.deep.Chronic hypertrophic gastritis.No signs of malignancy were found.Diagnosis, neurinoma of the stomach."The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged on April 3.
Expression of the <i>TEL/EVI1</i> fusion transcript in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia with t(3;12)(q26;p13)
Authors: Yuichi Nakamura, Hiroshi Nakazato, Yuko Sato, Shinpei Furusawa, Kinuko Mitani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

The t(3;12)(q26;p13) translocation is a recurrent chromosomal aberration observed in myeloid malignancies. It has been shown that the translocation results in the fusion of the TEL (ETV6) gene at 12p13 and the EV11 gene at 3q26. We report the first case with Philadelphia (Ph)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) expressing the TEL/EVI1 fusion transcript. A 26-year-old man was initially diagnosed as having the chronic phase of Ph-positive CML. The t(3;12)(q26;p13) emerged 16 months prior to the myeloid blastic crisis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected the TEL/EVI1 transcript without the intervening 5' non-coding exon of EVI1, suggesting that inappropriate expression of the EVI1 protein driven by the TEL promotor could play a critical role in progression to the blast crisis of CML.
Caspase inhibition reduces apoptotic death of cryopreserved porcine hepatocytes
Authors: T Yagi
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Cryopreserved porcine hepatocytes are a ready source of metabolic function for use in a bioartificial liver (BAL). However, cryopreservation is associated with a loss of hepatocyte viability. The mechanism of cell death during cryopreservation is incompletely understood, but may involve apoptosis through caspase activation. This study evaluates the cytoprotective effect of a global caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (ZVAD-fmk) during cryopreservation of porcine hepatocytes. Freshly isolated porcine hepatocytes (viability, 97.4% ± 0.9%) were cryopreserved in 60 μmol/L ZVAD-fmk (+ZVAD group) or without ZVAD-fmk (−ZVAD group) for 24 to 72 hours. Apoptotic and necrotic death were both observed after thawing and after 24 hours of culture. Caspase 3–like activity was significantly reduced by ZVAD-fmk, and was associated with improved viability and reduced apoptotic death of porcine hepatocytes after cryopreservation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was increased in cultures of porcine hepatocytes that were cryopreserved in ZVAD-fmk. These results demonstrate the following: 1) Caspase 3–like protease activation and apoptosis occurs in porcine hepatocytes during cryopreservation; and 2) mitochondrial injury in this process is reduced by caspase inhibition.
AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA ACQUIRED FROM ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW GRAFT: COMPENSATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN BONE MARROW DONOR AND RECIPIENT
Authors: A.H. Waters, P. Metcalfe, R.M. Minchinton, A.J. Barrett, D.C.O. James
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Semantics versus pragmatics in colour categorization
Authors: Nick Braisby, Bradley Franks
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

We argue that the confusing pattern of evidence concerning colour categorization reported by Saunders &amp; van Brakel is unsurprising. On a perspectival view, categorization may follow semantic or pragmatic attributes. Colour lacks clear semantic attributes; as a result categorization is necessarily pragmatic and context-sensitive. This view of colour categorization helps explain the developmental delay in colour naming.
Clinical Outcomes After Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JAMES NASMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We studied the clinical outcomes of 46 patients followed prospectively for the initial 6 months after inferior infarction. Twenty-one patients (Group A) had no anterior ST depression (V2 to V4) present during the acute phase of the inferior infarction, whereas 25 patients (Group B) had such findings transiently. Although the clinical course during hospitalization was similar in the two groups, that after discharge differed. Only one of 21 patients in Group A had exertional angina and none had rest angina during follow-up; no infarcts or deaths occurred. In contrast, 15 patients in Group B had exertional angina; 12 also had rest pain (p < 0.001, exact probability test). Two patients had reinfarction, one of whom died, and one sudden death also occurred. Of 15 patients in Group B who had cardiac catheterization, only eight had significant lesions in the anterior vessels, whereas seven did not; six of the seven patients became asymptomatic during follow-up without surgical therapy. Thus, electrocardiograms taken during the early phases of inferior myocardial infarction may be a valuable tool to recognize patients likely to have further ischemic symptoms during the early follow-up period.
Variation in Quinidine Excretion with Changing Urine pH.
Authors: Robert F. Knouss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Variation in Quinidine Excretion with Changing Urine pH.Robert F. Knouss, B.S., Robert E. Gebhardt, B.A., Per T. Thyrum, Ph.D., Robert J. Luchi, M.D., F.A.C.P., James J. Morris, M.D.Robert F. Knouss, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Robert E. Gebhardt, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, Per T. Thyrum, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert J. Luchi, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James J. Morris, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1157_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptQuinidine toxicity may develop unexpectedly when the urine becomes alkaline in disease or during alkalinizing therapy. Urinary excretion of quinine, the optical isomer of quinidine, is known to be retarded by urine alkalinization. These observations prompted study of renal excretion of quinidine as a function of urine pH. Four subjects were given 0.2 g of quinidine sulfate orally every 6 hr. After a 5-day "loading period" urine quinidine and pH were determined for each voiding during 4 days of aciduria and 4 days of alkaluria (acetazolamide and sodium bicarbonate). The results indicated that urine excretion of quinidine varied inversely with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCommon drug interactions leading to adverse drug events in the intensive care unit: Management and pharmacokinetic considerationsDrug Interactions with Agents Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular DiseaseDrug Interactions in Coronary Care 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1157-1157KeywordsBicarbonatesExcretionObservational studiesQuinineSodiumSulfatesToxicityUrine Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Low-Dose P32 Therapy in Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Neetha Shetty-Alva, David W. Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We present a case of an 85-year-old woman with medically refractory essential thrombocythemia and subsequent venous thrombosis. She received conservative phosphorus-32 sodium phosphate therapy for 3 mCi, approximately half the usual dose. One month later, she received a second intravenous phosphorus-32 treatment of 3.5 mCi. She responded successfully to both treatments with drops in her platelet count and experienced no adverse effects. Our case is noteworthy in the effectiveness from a conservative dose while avoiding hematologic complications.
RELATION OF UTERINE DISEASE TO SOME OF THE INSANITIES.
Authors: C. C. HERSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

There is no organ or portion of viscera which is not intimately connected with the brain through the sympathetic nervous system. We know that cell metamorphosis is interfered with by excessive irritation; that cell nutrition is hindered thereby, and, as a result, the function of the cell lessened. When we consider the function of brain cells, and especially of that portion where we expect mentality to be located, the importance of perfect physiologic conditions is manifest to insure perfect pyschologic action. We know that in the brain certain associations of cells called centers have control or inhibitory influence over many of the lower reflex functions when in perfect healthy action. Hence, if these lower reflex functions are badly disturbed or interfered with by disease or accident, may we not expect defects in those functions of the brain above mentioned, sufficient to cause a loss of self-control, and, in
Thyroid Hormone Action at the Nuclear Level
Authors: JACK H. OPPENHEIMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Recent findings have led to a greater understanding of thyroid hormone action. The nuclear receptor for triiodothyronine is an integral component of a larger chromatin fragment. A stereospecific energy-dependent transport system appears responsible for translocation of triiodothyronine from cytosol to nucleus. In the liver, a multiplicative interaction between a signal from the triiodothyronine-nuclear receptor complex and a signal generated from carbohydrate metabolism results in the induction of specific mRNAs. Two-dimensional mRNA activity profiles suggest that approximately 8% of the visible mRNA sequences are differentially affected by alterations in thyroid states. Almost 30% to 40% of these changes are mediated by an increase in pituitary growth hormone induced by triiodothyronine. Sequential analyses of mRNA activity profiles have identified an mRNA sequence (mRNAs14) coding for a protein (S14) with Mr 17 010 and pl 4.9 which responds to triiodothyronine with a lag time of less than 20 minutes. The coordinate regulation of mRNAs14 by carbohydrate and triiodothyronine and its presence in lipogenic tissues (fat, liver, lactating mammary tissue) suggests that S14 is involved in some aspect of fatty acid synthesis degradation or storage.
French bishops ease ban on condoms
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A committee of French bishops has contradicted the Vatican's condemnation of all methods of contraception by acknowledging that condom use may be necessary in order to prevent the spread of HIV and protect against AIDS. The Social Commission of the French Episcopate made this statement in a book entitled AIDS: Society in Question claiming the views of competent medical authorities. The committee for the first time acknowledged the role of the condom in reducing serious risk. The book quoted testimonies of patients, parents, and doctors, and rejected the view that AIDS was the result of deviant behavior or a divine punishment. The president of the Catholic Committee of French Doctors said that the bishops had removed some ambiguities and stressed that the Church could not be against contraceptives as a means of preventing the transmission of death. Professor Luc Montagnier, the discoverer of HIV, said that this new position of the French Church represented an important evolution and confronted the problem frankly in contrast to earlier murky hints and allusions. However, he added that some obstacles still remain at the Vatican because the Pope may not change his opinion. The bishops also warned that this report should not be interpreted as a break with the Church's teachings or opposition to them. Another study by the French Institute of Demographic Studies on AIDS in France indicated that mortality from AIDS will continue to rise at least until 1997. In France mortality from AIDS amounts to 88.5 deaths/1 million population a year, following Spain with 139 deaths and Switzerland with 89.6 deaths. In contrast, Germany and Great Britain have 20-30 deaths from AIDS per million population a year.