tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-dose corticosteroid therapy after multiple relapses of severe HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis
Authors: Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose corticosteroid therapy after multiple relapses of severe HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis, 22 patients who had relapsed on 3.4 ± 0.4 occasions (range = two to seven relapses) were treated with the lowest dose of medication necessary to ameliorate symptoms and maintain serum AST activity below five-fold normal. Results were compared with those in 31 patients who had received conventional retreatments after 3.4 ± 0.3 relapses (range = two to eight relapses). During 44 ± 7 mo of low-dose therapy (range = 9 to 149 mo), one patient (5%) entered sustained remission, 16 patients (72%) continued treatment, two patients (9%) died of liverrelated complications and one patient (5%) died of a nonliver-related cause. Drug-related side effects improved in 11 of 13 patients who had acquired them during conventional therapy (85%). The median dose of prednisone was 7.5 mg daily (range = 1 to 17.5 mg) with and without azathioprine. Thirteen patients received long-term treatment consisting of 10 mg or less of prednisone only. Patients receiving conventional treatment entered remission more frequently than those on low-dose therapy (97% vs. 36%, p < 0.001) but they relapsed after drug withdrawal (53% vs. 87%, p > 0.1), required continuous therapy (55% vs. 72%, p > 0.1) and died of liver-related complications (10% vs. 9%) as commonly as those receiving low-dose therapy. We conclude that low-dose corticosteroid therapy in patients who have experienced multiple relapses has similar efficacy and less morbidity than conventional retreatments.(HEPATOLOGY 1990;11:1044-1049.).
Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kathryn Backholer, Anna Peeters, William H. Herman, Jonathan E. Shaw, Danny Liew, Zanfina Ademi, Dianna J. Magliano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Effective interventions to prevent, delay, or remit diabetes are currently available. However, their impact on the prevalence of diabetes at the population level is unknown. This study aimed to estimate the impact of a range of diabetes interventions on the population prevalence of diabetes for Australian adults between 2010 and 2025.We used the Australian Diabetes Projection Model to estimate the impact of a population-wide strategy, high-risk prevention, surgical diabetes treatment, and a combination strategy on the future population prevalence of diabetes and to estimate the number of diabetes cases that could be potentially prevented in the year 2025.We estimate that a population-wide strategy would reduce the number of diabetes cases by 60,000-85,000 in 2025 from an estimated 2 million cases under the status quo scenario. A high-risk prevention strategy would result in 106,000 to 150,000 fewer cases of diabetes in 2025, and surgically induced weight loss would result in 3,000-6,000 fewer cases. No single intervention, or combination of interventions, reversed the increasing trend in diabetes prevalence over the next 15 years.To reverse upward trends in diabetes prevalence in future years, it is essential that current approaches to diabetes prevention and treatment are optimized and implemented and that alternative approaches to reduce the prevalence of diabetes at a population level are developed.
The Evaluation of Cellular and Humoral Immunity Characteristics in Gastrointestinal and Hepatocellular Cancers
Authors: Türkdoğan Kürsas, Kızıltan Huriye, Güneş Bayır Ayşe, Kayar Yusuf, Şentürk Hakan, Ince Ali Tüzün, Kocaman Orhan, Danalıoğlu Ahmed
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Yashodhar P. Bhandary, Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy, Praveenkumar Shetty, Rashmi S. Shetty, Steven Idell, Douglas B. Cines, Deepika Jain, Khalil Bdeir, Edward Abraham, Yuko Tsuruta, Sreerama Shetty
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) is required for the recruitment of neutrophils in response to infection. uPA induces its own expression in lung epithelial cells, which involves its interaction with cell surface uPAR. Regulation of uPAR expression is therefore crucial for uPA-mediated signaling in infectious acute lung injury (ALI).
Nasal challenge with ragweed pollen in hay fever patients. Effect of immunotherapy.
Authors: P S Creticos, N F Adkinson, A Kagey-Sobotka, D Proud, H L Meier, R M Naclerio, L M Lichtenstein, P S Norman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Challenge of the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects with specific allergen induces not only the expected sneezing and rhinorrhea, but also the appearance in nasal secretions of mediators commonly associated with activation of mast cells or basophils: histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), kinins, and TAME ([3H]-N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester)-esterase. To determine whether specific immunotherapy alters mediator release in vivo, nasal pollen challenge was used to compare 27 untreated highly sensitive ragweed (RW)-allergic subjects with 12 similarly sensitive patients receiving long-term immunotherapy (3-5 yr) with RW extract (median dose, 6 micrograms RW antigen E). The two groups were equally sensitive based on skin tests and basophil histamine release. The immunized group had a diminished response as demonstrated by (a) the treated group required higher pollen doses to excite sneezing or mediator release; (b) significantly fewer subjects in the treated group released mediators at any dose (TAME-esterase [P = 0.005], PGD2 [P = 0.04]), and (c) the treated group released 3-5-fold less mediator (TAME-esterase [P = 0.01], and histamine [P = 0.02]).
Fever as a Manifestation of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Emilio Ramos
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Fever associated with severe hypoglycemia was observed on 16 occasions in 14 patients. In most instances treatment with glucose failed to bring about prompt recovery of consciousness. Evidence suggests that both fever and delay in response to treatment are related to the presence of cerebral edema which may respond to treatment when appropriate measures, such as intravenous administration of mannitol are taken.
A Private Practice: A Pediatrician's Story of His Successful Battle Against Prescription Drug Addiction
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Patrick Reilly was a successful young pediatrician when his prescription drug dependence finally caught up with him—too many mistakes and too many missed appointments, memory lapses, and diagnostic errors. Finally, it got to the point of either accepting inpatient treatment... or else. The story, which reads like fiction but isn't, tells about his four long weeks in a drug and alcohol abuse hospital. A number of lessons can be derived from the book. One is that physicians make the worst patients. Their arrogance and the notion that they are something special impede the therapeutic process. Another lesson is how difficult it is to appreciate the emotional turmoil and liability that come with trying to break the drugtaking behavior of half a lifetime. A third is that support systems are necessary to maintain abstinence over time. <i>A Private Practice</i>should be read by any professional who is in trouble with pills
Laxative-Induced Hypokalemia, Sodium Depletion and Hyperreninemia
Authors: Barbara J. Fleming, Saul M. Genuth, Anne B. Gould, Mario D. Kamionkowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient with marked chronic hypokalemia (potassium, 1.7 to 2.3 meq/litre) and sodium depletion secondary to laxative abuse and dietary inadequacy was studied with respect to the renin-aldosterone system during sequential potassium and potassium-plus-sodium replacement. Extreme hyperreninemia of 20 Goldblatt units X 10-4 was reduced to 0.9 with potassium replacement alone. Aldosterone excretion (15.8 µg/24 h) was initially low for a sodium-deprived state and high for a potassium-deprived state; it increased with potassium administration, but this rise was opposed by decreases in renin secretion induced by potassium and sodium administration. The results provide clinical confirmation of a dual effect of potassium on aldosterone secretion, with renin as a mediator.
Results of a Trial of PET-Directed Therapy for Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: John Radford, Tim Illidge, Nicholas Counsell, Barry Hancock, Ruth Pettengell, Peter Johnson, Jennie Wimperis, Dominic Culligan, Bilyana Popova, Paul Smith, Andrew McMillan, Alison Brownell, Anton Kruger, Andrew Lister, Peter Hoskin, Michael O’Doherty, Sally Barrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

It is unclear whether patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and negative findings on positron-emission tomography (PET) after three cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) require radiotherapy.
The Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Authors: James B. Howell, David E. Anderson, James L. McClendon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The basal cell nevus syndrome is a hereditary affection characterized primarily by multiple genetically determined basal cell carcinomas, cysts of the jaws, peculiar pits of the hands and feet, and developmental anomalies of the ribs, spine, and skull. These, as well as other associated anomalies, serve to differentiate the nevoid basal cell carcinoma from tumors which may have overlapping clinical and histopathological features, including ordinary basal cell cancers. These tumors are not epithelioma adenoides cysticum. Problems of management were occasionally profound. In seven families with 43 affected members, the syndrome was found with equal frequency in males and females and is conditioned by a highly penetrant autosomal dominant gene. No abnormality in chromosome number or structure was observed.
Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate
Authors: Andrew D Economou, Atsushi Ohazama, Thantrira Porntaveetus, Paul T Sharpe, Shigeru Kondo, M Albert Basson, Amel Gritli-Linde, Martyn T Cobourne, Jeremy B A Green
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Dengue More Prevalent Than Previously Thought
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT<sub>1</sub>) receptors contribute to ischemic contracture and regulate chemomechanical energy transduction in isolated transgenic rat (αMHC‐hAT<sub>1</sub>)594–17 hearts
Authors: Hong Han, Sigrid Hoffmann, Kai Hu, Georg Ertl
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2002)
Delayed cord clamping may also be beneficial in rich settings
Authors: David J R Hutchon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Delayed cord clamping reduces infant anaemia in resource poor settings.1 There are, however, other implications, and neonatal anaemia is still important in developed countries. In Darlington we have a guideline to delay cord clamping for at least 40 seconds.2 

It was a pragmatic decision to make 40 seconds the interval, and …
Abstract 5425: Nuclear Shuttling of Sirt1 Is Associated with Caloric Restriction-Induced Cardioprotection
Authors: Ken Shinmura, Kayoko Tamaki, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Ischemic tolerance decreases with ageing and the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (PC) is impaired in middle-aged animals. We have demonstrated that short-term caloric restriction (CR) improves myocardial ischemic tolerance via the activation of adiponectin-AMPK-mediated signaling. However, it is unknown whether prolonged CR confers cardioprotection in a similar manner. Furthermore, little is known regarding the myocardial expression of sirt1 (which reportedly mediates various aspects of the CR response) with ageing and prolonged CR. Thus, 6-month-old Fischer344 rats were randomly divided into ad libitum (AL) and CR groups. Six months later, isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 25 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion with or without ischemic PC. CR improved the recovery of LV developed pressure (A) and restored the cardioprotective effect of ischemic PC. Serum adiponectin levels increased but myocardial levels of total and phosphorylated AMPK did not change with prolonged CR. Total levels of sirt1 did not change with ageing and CR; however, in the nuclear fraction, CR significantly increased sirt1 (B) and decreased acetyl-histone H3. Eight rats from each group were given L-NAME in the drinking water for 4 weeks before sacrifice. In these hearts, chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase prevented the nuclear shuttling of sirt1 by CR (B) and abrogated CR-induced cardioprotection (A). These results demonstrate that prolonged CR improves myocardial ischemic tolerance and restores ischemic PC in middle-aged rats, and that CR-induced cardioprotection is associated with NO-dependent nuclear shuttling of sirt1.
Effect of the U.S. Embargo and Economic Decline on Health in Cuba
Authors: Michèle Barry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

This article describes the ways in which economic crisis and the U.S. embargo have affected Cuba's health care system during the past 15 years. With the demise of subsidized trade, the absence of aid from the former Soviet Union, and the progressive tightening of U.S. sanctions, Cuba's model health care system has become threatened by serious shortages of medical supplies. Several public health catastrophes have occurred, including an epidemic of blindness that was partially attributed to a dramatic decrease in access to nutrients; an outbreak of the Guillain-Barré syndrome caused by lack of chlorination chemicals; and an epidemic of lye ingestion in toddlers due to severe shortages of soap. The policy of mandatory quarantine for HIV-infected Cubans has evolved into a less rigid system. Although the prevalence of HIV infection in Cuba is low compared with that in the United States and other Caribbean nations, it is threatened by prostitution, which has increased along with tourism. In general, economic sanctions may have an unintended but profound effect on the health and nutrition of vulnerable populations.
Audit of control of heparin treatment.
Authors: A G Fennerty, P Thomas, G Backhouse, P Bentley, I A Campbell, P A Routledge
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Suspected myocardial infarction: early diagnostic value of analgesic requirementsThe variety of possible presentations of myocardial infarction is well known, but chest pain is perhaps the most constant of symptoms.Evidence has linked duration of pain with size of infarct,' and Mitchell suggested that analgesic requirements should be used as an early guide to whether infarction has taken place.'I carried out a study to evaluate the diagnostic potential of analgesic requirements.
Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120)
Authors: B. Wüthrich, M. K. Kägi, W. Stücker
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We report five cases of anaphylactic reaction to carmine (cochineal. E120) after patients drank an alcoholic beverage. By means of positive skin prick tests (SPT) and positive RAST to carmine, IgE‐mediated sensitization could be established. One nonalopic patient showed also a great amount of serum IgE antibodies to the carmine acid‐albumin conjugate. Due to its widespread use in the food and cosmetic industry, carmine should be tested in the allergy work‐up in case of allergic reactions after a drink or a meal.
Previous maternal abortion, longer gestation, and younger maternal age decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes among male offspring.
Authors: I Bache, T Bock, A Vølund, K Buschard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible influences and interactions of perinatal determinants in the subsequent development of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The data were obtained from children born in Denmark during the periods 1978-1982 and 1984-1986 and admitted to a Danish hospital with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes between 1978 and 1995; 857 patients fulfilled the criteria. The study was conducted by combining and analyzing two national registries: the National Patient Registry and the Medical Birth Registry. For each diabetic child, two control children were randomly selected, matched by sex, time, and district of delivery. RESULTS: By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following significant determinants were identified. Male offspring showed decreased risk when born of mothers who had had one or more abortions (odds ratio [OR] 0.66 [95% CI 0.48-0.92]) and with long duration of gestation (linearly with OR 0.91 per week [0.85-0.99]), while increased risk was found for high maternal age (linearly with OR 1.03 per year [1.00-1.06]). Female offspring showed no such association. No significant differences between diabetic patients and control subjects were found with respect to paternal age, maternal parity, placental weight or any of the birth size parameters, or interventions and complications during delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that perinatal determinants may influence the risk of subsequent development of type 1 diabetes in a sex-specific manner.
Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase enhances intraglomerular coagulation in chronic anti-Thy 1 nephritis
Authors: Ralf Westenfeld, Alexander Gawlik, Emile De Heer, Masashi Kitahara, Faikah Abou-Rebyeh, Juergen Floege, Markus Ketteler
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
What's a good doctor, and how can you make one?
Authors: B. Hurwitz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

> I remember the time Shipman gave to my Dad. He would come around at the drop of a hat. He was a marvellous GP apart from the fact that he killed my father. 1

Are you a good doctor? This question is increasingly being asked by patients, governments, third party healthcare payers, and newspaper, radio, and TV investigators. It also topped the list of suggestions for BMJ theme issues in a recent ballot of bmj.com users and BMA members. But why?

   ![][1] 

(Credit: PHIL SAYER/KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON)

Claims and complaints against doctors are growing worldwide. In the United Kingdom, a series of inquiries has ushered in probably the most sustained investigation and collective appraisal of medical and healthcare institutions since the NHS began. The performance of individual clinicians, laboratory and clinical units, the frequency of medical mistakes, the unacceptability of organ retention practices, and the adequacy of death certification procedures are only a few of many medical activities now subject to intense scrutiny. …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Hospital and medical economics; a study of population, services, costs, methods of payment, and controls. Vols 1 and 2.
Authors: Edwin J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In 1956, the then governor of Michigan appointed a Study Commission on Prepaid Hospital and Medical Care Plans to examine the operation of existing prepayment plans and to make recommendations "regarding ways to achieve reductions in costs of present services, and ways to expand present coverage, and ways to extend coverage to additional people." This commission, not long after its appointment, decided that authoritative research was needed as a basis for "reasoned conclusions and constructive recommendations." It entered into an agreement with the University of Michigan to conduct such a study. This two-volume work reports the study, conducted by Walter J. McNerney, then at the University of Michigan. In a foreword, Mr. McNerney aptly described this work as, at once, a book, a series of monographs, a research manual, and a "useful blue print for action." Continuing, he says, "it mixed fact, interpretation and philosophy." The study is divided into
Do infants understand that external goals are internally represented?
Authors: Josef Perner, Martin Doherty
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Evidence for infants' sensitivity to behavior being goal oriented leaves it open as to whether they see such behavior as being designed to lead to an external goal or whether they see it, in addition, as being directed by an internal representation of the goal. We point out the difficulty of finding possible criteria for how infants or children view this matter.
Pancreatic stent migration into the bile duct causing cholangitis
Authors: J. Zapatier, P. Jani, R. Pimentel, T. Erim
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 71-year-old woman with history of surgical sphincteroplasty for a benign ampullary stricture presented with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed the common bile duct outlet separated from the ampulla, and distal stenosis of the ventral pancreatic duct. A pancreatic sphincterotomy was carried out, followed by the placement of a straight plastic 5-Fr × 3 cm stent into the pancreatic duct ([Fig. 1]). Post procedure computed tomography, carried out for abdominal pain, showed the pancreatic stent lying within the head of the pancreas ([Fig. 2 a]). An abdominal radiograph obtained 10 days later showed the stent in the area of the hepatic flexure, suggesting spontaneous distal migration ([Fig. 3]). After 2 months, the patient presented with cholangitis. Abdominal CT revealed a bright linear object extending from the common hepatic duct to the right intrahepatic biliary tree ([Fig. 2 b]). An ERCP was done and the 5-Fr × 3 cm plastic pancreatic duct stent was removed from the right intrahepatic biliary tree using a biliary extraction balloon catheter.
Beyond format-specificity: Is analogue magnitude really the core abstract feature of the cultural number representation?
Authors: Dénes Szűcs, Fruzsina Soltész, Usha Goswami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The issue of abstractness raises two distinct questions. First, is there a format-independent magnitude representation? Second, does analogue magnitude really play a crucial role in the development of human mathematics? We suggest that neither developmental nor cultural studies support this notion. The field needs to redefine the properties of the core number representation as used in human arithmetic.