tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intraocular lenses survive sharp criticism
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Intraocular lens implantation in cases where a cataract has destroyed the natural lens yields "significant visual advantages" and is almost as safe as extraction of the cataract alone, says a panel of ophthalmologists convened by the National Eye Institute to reach a consensus on the procedure. The technique has been in use for more than 30 years, although it is still classified by the Food and Drug Administration as an experimental method using an "investigational device." However, it has attracted considerable criticism in recent years. Critics charge, for example, that quality control of lens manufacture is erratic and that the unlimited availability of federal funds for it has turned the procedure into a virtual goldmine for ophthalmologists, eroding safety standards. Lens implantation is frequently carried out inasmuch as cataract surgery is now the most commonly performed procedure among Medicare beneficiaries and one of every four patients undergoing cataract extraction in
IGFBP-3 Is a Direct Target of Transcriptional Regulation by ΔNp63α in Squamous Epithelium
Authors: Christopher E. Barbieri, Carmen A. Perez, Kimberly N. Johnson, Kim A. Ely, Dean Billheimer, Jennifer A. Pietenpol
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract ΔNp63α is a nuclear transcription factor that maintains epithelial progenitor cell populations, is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, and can negatively regulate apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which ΔNp63α promotes cell survival are unclear. ΔNp63α has been reported to act as a transcriptional repressor, but specific target genes directly repressed by ΔNp63α remain unidentified. Here, we present evidence that ΔNp63α functions to negatively regulate the proapoptotic protein IGFBP-3. Disruption of p63 expression in squamous epithelial cells increases IGFBP-3 expression, whereas ectopic expression of ΔNp63α down-regulates IGFBP-3. ΔNp63α binds to sites in the IGFBP-3 gene in vivo and can modulate transcription through these sites. Furthermore, ΔNp63α and IGFBP-3 expression patterns are inversely correlated in normal squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas. These data suggest that IGFBP-3 is a target of transcriptional repression by ΔNp63α and that this repression represents a mechanism by which tumors that overexpress p63 may be protected from apoptosis.
Treating Prescription Opioid Dependence
Authors: Charles Ruetsch
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SI Units: A Wholehearted Effort Is Needed
Authors: Robert M. Walter, Carl L. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are becoming increasingly concerned with the schizoid reporting of laboratory data occurring in the United States. Despite the passing by Congress of the Metric Conversion Act in 1975 endorsing Système International (SI) units, it was not until the mid-1980s that a plan for implementation was devised.<sup>1</sup>In 1987 and 1988 leading medical journals published appropriate conversion tables and offered strong editorial support of the transition that would permit uniformity between nations and between disciplines as well.<sup>2,3</sup>Indeed, adoption of SI units by respected medical journals is virtually uniform. What's the problem? We have surveyed the clinical laboratories of a representative group of northern California hospitals as well as the major reference laboratories that serve the state and nation. All are reporting their laboratory results in mass concentrations without regard for SI units. Clinicians are having only the old system reinforced, and medical students and
Effects of Medical Therapy on Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular System in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Caroline Meyer, Barry P. McGrath, Helena Jane Teede
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We aimed to determine the impact of medical therapy for symptom management on insulin resistance, metabolic profiles, and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an insulin-resistant pre-diabetes condition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—One hundred overweight women (BMI &amp;gt;27 kg/m2), average age 31 years, who were nonsmokers, were not pregnant, did not have diabetes, and were off relevant medications for 3 months completed this 6-month open-label controlled trial. Randomization was to a control group (higher-dose oral contraceptive [OCP] 35 μg ethinyl estradiol [EE]/2 mg cyproterone acetate, metformin [1 g b.d.] or low-dose OCP [20 μg EE/100 μg levonorgestrel + aldactone 50 mg b.d.]). Primary outcome measures were insulin resistance (area under curve on oral glucose tolerance test) and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease including arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) and endothelial function. RESULTS—All treatments similarly and significantly improved symptoms including hirsutism and menstrual cycle length. Insulin resistance was improved by metformin and worsened by the high-dose OCP. Arterial stiffness worsened in the higher-dose OCP group (PWV 7.46 vs. 8.03 m/s, P &amp;lt; 0.05), related primarily to the increased insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS—In overweight women with PCOS, metformin and low- and high-dose OCP preparations have similar efficacy but differential effects on insulin resistance and arterial function. These findings suggest that a low-dose OCP preparation may be preferable if contraception is needed and that metformin should be considered for symptomatic management, particularly in women with additional metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia A Disappearing Disease
Authors: James C. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sympathetic ophthalmia after cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, and perforating trauma. Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral inflammation of the uveal tract. The onset in the second eye generally starts two weeks to one year after injury to the first eye. Before steroid therapy, more than 50% of the patients became blind in both eyes. If the injured eye is enucleated within two weeks of the trauma there is practically no fear of sympathetic ophthalmia developing. Today steroids are successful in saving vision if the injured eye is not removed soon enough to prevent onset of this disease. <h3>Methods:—</h3> All cases of cataract, glaucoma, and perforating trauma surgery done at University Hospitals between 1933 and 1965 were included in this study. A number of other patients with sympathetic ophthalmia have been seen at this hospital in consultation, but
Follow-up Study of Physical Growth of Children Who Had Excessive Weight Gain in First Six Months of Life
Authors: E. E. Eid
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The aim of this study was to determine whether excessive weight gain in the first six weeks, three months, or six months of life was correlated. with overweight and obesity at the age of 6 to 8 years. One hundred and thirty eight infants with excessive weight gain in the first six months of life, 53 children with slow weight gain, and 33 children with an average weight gain were re-examined at the age of 6, 7, or 8 years.The mean height and weight of children who had gained weight rapidly in infancy were significantly higher than those of children who had gained weight slowly; those of infants whose weight gain had been average fell in between. The number of obese children in the rapid-weight-gain group was significantly higher than that of the combined average and slow-weight-gain groups. The rapidity of weight gain in infancy was a better guide to the risk of overweight in later childhood than the weight of the parents.
Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes?
Authors: George A. Bray, Barry M. Popkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Sugar-sweetened drinks have been associated with several health problems. In the point narrative as presented below, we provide our opinion and review of the data to date that we need to reconsider consumption of dietary sugar based on the growing concern of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the counterpoint narrative following our contribution, Drs. Kahn and Sievenpiper provide a defense and suggest that dietary sugar is not the culprit. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and U.S. Department of Agriculture dietary surveys along with commercial Homescan data on household purchases were used to understand changes in sugar and fructose consumption. Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials were used to evaluate outcomes of beverage and fructose intake. About 75% of all foods and beverages contain added sugar in a large array of forms. Consumption of soft drinks has increased fivefold since 1950. Meta-analyses suggest that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is related to the risk of diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Drinking two 16-ounce SSBs per day for 6 months induced features of the metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. Randomized controlled trials in children and adults lasting 6 months to 2 years have shown that lowering the intake of soft drinks reduced weight gain. Recent studies suggest a gene-SSB potential relationship. Consumption of calorie-sweetened beverages has continued to increase and plays a role in the epidemic of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease. Reducing intake of soft drinks is associated with less weight gain.
Pregnancy Maintenance and Parturition: The Role of Prostaglandin in Manipulating the Immune and Inflammatory Response
Authors: RODNEY W. KELLY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

PREGNANCY represents a delicate balance between the requirements of the growing fetus and the maternal immune system that could potentially reject the semi-allogeneic fetal 'graft' (1). This balance requires an immune tolerance of the fetal tissue and a local suppression of an inflammatory response, but at the time of parturition a selective use of the inflammatory response could provide an effective mechanism for delivering the baby (2). The inflammatory response can be regarded as the effector arm of the immune system, which can be activated independently. In nonreproductive tissue, glucocorticoids afford control. However, during pregnancy and particularly in the uterus, it is likely that progesterone with its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties (3) contributes to the regulation of inflammatory-type responses. The prominent role of progesterone in maintaining pregnancy is demonstrated by the action of antiprogesterone steroids such as RU486 (Mifepristone) that can disrupt pregnancy at any stage (4–6) and, used together with prostaglandins (PGs), provide an effective method of inducing abortion.
Risk factors for acute GVHD and survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Madan Jagasia, Mukta Arora, Mary E. D. Flowers, Nelson J. Chao, Philip L. McCarthy, Corey S. Cutler, Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Steven Z. Pavletic, Michael D. Haagenson, Mei-Jie Zhang, Joseph H. Antin, Brian J. Bolwell, Christopher Bredeson, Jean-Yves Cahn, Mitchell Cairo, Robert Peter Gale, Vikas Gupta, Stephanie J. Lee, Mark Litzow, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Mary M. Horowitz, Theresa Hahn
Journal: Blood (2011)
[116] TAURINE-CONJUGATION CRITICALLY DETERMINES THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF 24-NOR-URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID (NORUDCA) IN THE TREATMENT OF SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS IN MDR2 (ABCB4) KNOCKOUT MICE
Authors: E. Halilbasic, P. Fickert, A. Fuchbichler, C. Langner, J. Gumhold, D. Silbert, U. Maitra, K. Zatloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
NEW AND SIMPLE APPARATUS FOR SALVARSAN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: G. French S. Cary
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The apparatus consists of two glass bottles graduated up to 240 c.c. in units of 40 c.c. each; one 50 c.c. glass and metal syringe fitted with a mineral-wool-packed plunger; one two-way stop-cock which is fitted to the end of the syringe; one two-way Y stop-cock which controls the fluid coming from each of the bottles; four pieces of rubber tubing and two rubber stoppers; and a specially made needle with a slip-on joint which fits a small glass handle which has one end ground to fit the needle. A simple aluminum stand with clips to hold the bottles completes the outfit. The whole apparatus may be placed in a sterilizer and boiled, and is so compact that it can be carried easily in one's grip if necessary. The salvarsan or neosalvarsan solution may be made directly in either one of the graduated bottles, thus saving the use of extra
Points from Letters: Orthopaedic services in Lincoln
Authors: P J Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine associations between <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infection during pregnancy and adverse outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> We did a systematic review of observational studies. We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL up to 11 August 2021. Studies were included if they compared preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight or perinatal death between women with and without <i>M. genitalium</i>. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and extracted data. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate summary ORs and adjusted ORs, with 95% CIs, where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 116 records and included 10 studies. Women with <i>M. genitalium</i> were more likely to experience preterm birth in univariable analyses (summary unadjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.81, I<sup>2</sup>=0%, 7 studies). The combined adjusted OR was 2.34 (95% CI 1.17 to 4.71, I<sup>2</sup>=0%, 2 studies). For spontaneous abortion, the summary unadjusted OR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.89, I<sup>2</sup>=0%, 6 studies). The adjusted OR in one case–control study was 0.9 (95% CI 0.2 to 3.8). Unadjusted ORs for premature rupture of membranes were 7.62 (95% CI 0.40 to 145.86, 1 study) and for low birth weight 1.07 (95% CI 0.02 to 10.39, 1 study). For perinatal death, the unadjusted OR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.49 to 2.36) in one case–control and 38.42 (95% CI 1.45 to 1021.43) in one cohort study. These two ORs were not combined, owing to heterogeneity. The greatest risk of bias was the failure in most studies to control for confounding. <h3>Conclusion</h3> <i>M. genitalium</i> might be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Further prospective studies, with adequate control for confounding, are needed to understand the role of <i>M. genitalium</i> in adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to indicate routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic <i>M. genitalium</i> in pregnancy. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42016050962.
Beneficial Effects of Intravenous and Oral Carvedilol Treatment in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sumit Basu, Roxy Senior, Usha Raval, Reinhard van der Does, Thomas Bruckner, Avijit Lahiri
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Evidence of efficacy and safety of β-blockers after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is equivocal. Newer β-blockers such as carvedilol have not been tested in this setting. Methods and Results This study investigated the effects of acute (intravenous) and long-term (6 months, oral) treatment with carvedilol versus placebo in 151 consecutive patients with AMI. Exercise ECG, ambulatory monitoring, and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed before hospital discharge and at 3 and 6 months. All patients were followed up and cardiovascular events recorded. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare time from randomization with the occurrence of a cardiovascular event, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated. Carvedilol was found to be safe, and it significantly reduced cardiac events compared with placebo (18 on carvedilol and 31 on placebo, P &lt;.02). Fifty-four patients had heart failure at study entry; 34 received carvedilol. There were no adverse effects of carvedilol therapy and no excess events in this subgroup. Carvedilol produced significant reductions in heart rate ( P &lt;.0001), blood pressure ( P &lt;.005) at rest, and rate-pressure product at peak exercise ( P &lt;.003), but exercise capacity was unchanged. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not altered significantly by carvedilol, but stroke volume was higher at pre–hospital discharge examination (63 versus 53 mL; P &lt;.01). Diastolic filling of the left ventricle (E/A ratio) was also improved (1.2 versus 0.9; P &lt;.001). In a subgroup with left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;45% (n=49 patients; 24 on carvedilol and 25 on placebo), carvedilol showed attenuation of remodeling. Conclusions Carvedilol was well tolerated and safe to use in patients immediately after AMI, including those with heart failure, and significantly improved outcome.
FAMILIAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS
Authors: Y. K. SEEDAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 December 1968FAMILIAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSISY. K. SEEDAT, M.D., F.C.P. (S.A.)Y. K. SEEDAT, M.D., F.C.P. (S.A.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1329 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I was interested to read the editorial note on familial renal tubular acidosis (RTA) by Dr. Vardaman M. Buckalew (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 1367, 1968). I feel that his statement that "in other reported families, the mode of genetic transmission is not as clearly defined" is not quite true as it fails to review the world literature on the inheritance of RTA adequately. In my own family study of 27 patients investigated (1-4), 18 were affected. Eleven of the 18 patients with RTA were females, which supports the contention that there is greater expressivity of RTA in...References1. SEEDAT YK: Some observations of renal tubular acidosis. A family study. S. Afr. Med. J. 38: 606, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SEEDAT YK: Abstract of some observations of renal tubular acidosis. Excerpt Med. (Amst.) Sect. VI, Vol. 19, No. 5 (Abstract No. 2809), 1965. Google Scholar3. SEEDAT YK: Some aspects of renal tubular acidosis with particular reference to a family study. A thesis submitted to the National University of Ireland for the degree of Doctorate of Medicine, September, 1966. Google Scholar4. SEEDAT YK: Renal tubular acidosis. S. Afr. Med. J. 41: 1007, 1967. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WRONGDAVIES OHE: The excretion of acid in renal disease. Quart. J. Med. 28: 259, 1959. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. BUCKALEWMCCURDYLUDWIGELKINTON VMDKGDJR, Incomplete renal tubular acidosis. Physiologic studies in three patients with a defect in lowering urine pH. Amer. J. Med. 45: 32, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BUCKALEWMCCURDY VMDK: Unpublished data. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Y. K. SEEDAT, M.D., F.C.P. (S.A.)Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe primary hereditary form of distal renal tubular acidosis: clinical and genetic studies in 60-member kindredFamilial absorptive hypercalciuria and renal tubular acidosisNephrocalcinosis and Renal Tubular AcidosisRENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS 1 December 1968Volume 69, Issue 6Page: 1329-1330KeywordsGenetics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of antihypertensive activity of beta-blocking drugs during chronic treatment.
Authors: C Davidson, U Thadani, W Singleton, S H Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The hypotensive activity of five beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary pharmacological properties was compared in a randomised double-blind factorial trial in 25 untreated patients with stable, uncomplicated essential hypertension. In doses that produced similar reductions in exercise tachycardia all drugs had similar blood-pressure lowering activity, greater on systolic than diastolic pressure and greatest during exercise. With the exception of vasodilator activity the possession of any particular combinaton of ancillary pharmacological properties did not significantly influence the specific antihypertensive activity of these compounds.
Psychosocial Disorders in General Practice
Authors: Toksoz Byram Karasu
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book attempts to evaluate the importance of psychological factors in the general practice of medicine. The contributors include psychiatrists, general practitioners, psychoanalysts, and statisticians, as well as representatives of other disciplines. The 23 articles in the volume are grouped into five major sections: "Identification and Patterns of Psychosocial Disorders," "Factors Affecting the Risk for Psychosocial Disorder," "Management of Psychosocial Disorder in General Practice," "The Outcome of Psychosocial Disorder in General Practice," and "Future Trends in Research Into Primary Care Psychiatry." Unfortunately, the book does not entirely succeed in the aims implied by the title, but it is unlikely that one can accomplish an integrated presentation by selecting articles written by different authors, for different journals, for presumably different purposes. For example, some articles are technical reports of research, filled with tables of correlations and regression analyses, while others are the opinions of clinicians or biographical sketches. Apparently, 20 of
Re: Reinhold Zimmermann, Alin Cumpanas, Florin Miclea, Günter Janetschek. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Males: A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Eur Urol 2009;56:418–24
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Riccardo Bartoletti
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Variant Flow Patterns in Radionuclide Cerebral Imaging Performed for Brain Death
Authors: DAVID R. BRILL, JAN ARTHUR SCHWARTZ, JOHN A. BAXTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Radionuclide cerebral imaging (RCI) is a commonly used technique for detection of intracranial blood flow in patients with clinically suspected brain death. In 115 studies performed on 95 patients in a six-year period at the Geisinger Medical Center, a number of variant flow patterns have been observed. Although all have been described previously, there has been no review of these patterns on studies performed for brain death. The significance of normal blood flow, absent blood flow, isolated superior sagittal sinus activity, luxury perfusion, hypoperfusion, hemiperfusion, and jugular venous reflux is discussed. Any demonstrable intracranial blood pool activity is presently considered to counter a diagnosis of brain death, except that jugular reflux renders an examination uninterpretable. Technique must be top quality but, even so, RCI cannot evaluate basilar brain flow. Nonetheless, RCI is a valuable adjunct in helping to establish the clinical diagnosis of brain death.