tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Burden of Disease—Implications for Future Research
Authors: Catherine M. Michaud, Christopher J. L. Murray, Barry R. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (2001)

One overall challenge for public health and medicine in the future is to allocate available resources effectively to reduce major causes of disease burden globally and to decrease health disparities between poor and affluent populations. The major risk factors for death and disability worldwide are malnutrition; poor water supply, sanitation, and personal and domestic hygiene; unsafe sexual behavior; tobacco use; alcohol use; occupational hazards; hypertension; physical inactivity; illicit drugs; and air pollution. The challenge for research in the 21st century is to maintain and improve life expectancy and the quality of life that was achieved for most of the world's population during the 20th century.
SHIP prevents lipopolysaccharide from triggering an antiviral response in mice
Authors: Laura M. Sly, Melisa J. Hamilton, Etsushi Kuroda, Victor W. Ho, Frann L. Antignano, Stephanie L. Omeis, Christina J. van Netten-Thomas, Dana Wong, Hayley K. Brugger, Olusegun Williams, Morris E. Feldman, Benjamin T. Houseman, Dorothea Fiedler, Kevan M. Shokat, Gerald Krystal
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract LB-295: The roles of genetic polymorphisms for susceptibility of colorectal cancer in Chinese Lynch syndrome families
Authors: Chih-Ching Yeh, Reiping Tang, Huei-Tzu Chien, Chih-Hsiung Lai, Li-Ling Chiu, Tsai-Ping Lo, Kuan-Yi Hung, Chun-Yi Wang, Jeng-Fu You, Chao A. Hsiung, Ling-Ling Hsieh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Lynch syndrome is associated with germ-line mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Polymorphisms in candidate genes that have been implicated in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) risk may also play roles in hereditary CRC risk. In this retrospective analysis, we examined multiple polymorphisms (including MSH2 IVS10+12A&amp;gt;G, MLH1 A-93G, NAT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 Iel105Val, GSTA1 C-69T, TP53 Arg72Pro, CYP17A1 T-34C, CYP1A1*2C, CYP1A1*1F, TGFBR1 IVS7+24G&amp;gt;A, and TGFBR2 G-875A) to assess the genetic effect on the CRC risk in MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers. Material and Methods: DNA samples from 284 mutation-positive Lynch syndrome participants were genotyped by Sequenom iPLEX MassArray. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to analyze the association between the genetic polymorphisms and CRC risk. Results: We found significant associations between the presence of variant alleles in TP53 Arg72Pro (G&amp;gt;C) and TGFBR2 G-875A genes and the risk of developing CRC among MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers. The TP53 Arg72Pro GC+CC genotypes were associated with decreased risk of CRC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42-0.94). However, the TGFBR2 G-875A GA+AA genotypes were associated with increased risk of CRC (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.06-2.42). None of the other gene polymorphisms examined were associated with CRC risk. Conclusion: To our best knowledge, our study is the first and largest study investigating multiple genetic modifiers that may influence CRC risk in Chinese Lynch syndrome families. Our results suggested that TP53 and TGFBR2 polymorphisms may associate with CRC risk among MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers. Such knowledge may be helpful in identifying high-risk individuals who require more intensive surveillance. Citation Format: Chih-Ching Yeh, Reiping Tang, Huei-Tzu Chien, Chih-Hsiung Lai, Li-Ling Chiu, Tsai-Ping Lo, Kuan-Yi Hung, Chun-Yi Wang, Jeng-Fu You, Chao A. Hsiung, Ling-Ling Hsieh. The roles of genetic polymorphisms for susceptibility of colorectal cancer in Chinese Lynch syndrome families. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-295
Tufts Uses Grant to Design Programs for Drawing Medical Students Into Primary Care Careers
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AS PART of an ambitious project to replenish the ranks of primary care physicians in the United States, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ, has chosen Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass, as one of 18 medical schools to receive a planning grant under the foundation's Generalist Physician Initiative.  The $150 000, 18-month grant will be used by Tufts to design new programs aimed at encouraging students to choose a career in generalist medicine.  Eighty-three medical schools had competed for the Robert Wood Johnson planning grants. In 1994, the foundation will choose 12 of the plans submitted by the 18 planning grant recipients. Each will receive approximately $2.5 million to implement their winning programs.  It is hoped that these high-profile programs will serve as models and incentives for other schools to spur on a nationwide revival of interest in primary care medicine, says Morton A. Madoff, MD, MPH,
Patients with chest pain in accident and emergency departments: Authors' reply
Authors: S S Tachakra, M Beckett, S Pawsey, D Potts, A Idowu
Journal: BMJ (1991)

no details of the training that their staff receives.The number of medicolegal cases of misdiagnosis of chest pain continues to be alarmingly high, so much so that the Medical Protection Society has highlighted it in its latest training video.The rather complacent attitude of the authors of this article could worsen rather than improve the situation.
TINTED LENSES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: W. W. Coblentz
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I congratulate W. W. Coblentz for calling attention to the unproved theories and extravagant claims made by certain manufacturers concerning tinted lenses. In his effort to emphasize his criticism, however, I feel that he has gone too far in creating the impression that tinted lenses are without merit. Tinted lenses have a definite and positive therapeutic value in many ocular diseases. I base this statement not on theory but on practical experience in prescribing tinted lenses for many purposes over a period of many years and on the answers to a questionnaire recently addressed to prominent ophthalmologists throughout the United States. The replies are all from ophthalmologists certified by the American Board of Ophthalmic Examinations and from eye surgeons in various sections of the country, representing a cross section of the ophthalmic profession. A great majority of these recommend the use of tinted lenses for the following
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

A crystalline nitrogenous substance recovered from inflammatory exudates induces in cutaneous tissue a rapid migration of polymorphonuclear cells through the endothelial wall of small vessels. For the sake of convenience the tentative name of leukotaxine has been proposed for this active substance which per se is capable of rapidly reproducing the basic sequences of the inflammatory reaction, namely, the initial increased capillary permeability followed by the outward migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Comparison of the effect of various inflammatory irritants (e.g. turpentine or aleuronat) with that of leukotaxine indicates that the migration of cells does not seem to be primarily referable to the initial increase in vascular permeation. Furthermore leukotaxine is definitely chemotactic. It induces an active migration of leukocytes into capillary glass tubes containing this substance. The relation of leukotaxine to the mechanism of cellular migration at the site of inflammation is pointed out.
Bird flu research is put on hold for 60 days
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Scientists in the United States and Europe have voluntarily suspended their research on the transmission of the H5N1 influenza virus for 60 days in the face of concern over the need for such research and the fear that the virus might escape laboratory safeguards.

The suspension comes after a request from the US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, which asked for self censorship in publishing certain technical aspects of the research ( BMJ 2012;344:e30, 4 Jan, doi:10.1136/bmj.e30). The work sought to achieve a better understanding of what genetic mutations have to take place for …
75. Protease-Activated Receptor 2 as a Novel Target for Immune Modulation for AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer to Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Stefano Baila, Christian Furlan Freguia, Danielle Dunn, Federico Mingozzi, Joerg Schuettrumpf, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Intramuscular injection (IM) of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-2 vectors is a safe strategy to achieve long-term transgene expression in humans with hemophilia B. The development of AAV-based on alternative serotypes with higher transduction efficiency than AAV-2 is an attractive approach to the use of skeletal muscle as target tissue. However, in a series of studies in large animal models using AAV derived from serotypes (|[minus]|1,|[minus]|5,|[minus]|7,|[minus]|8), the immune response to the transgene has been a major complication. In mice, we showed that IM injection of AAV1-human-FIX induces antibody formation in all injected animals. However, in mice injected with high doses of AAV-1, the inhibitory antibody eventually disappear overtime. Blood proteases play an important role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). PARs family is a member of a larger G protein coupled receptor family. To date, four such cleavable receptors have been described (PAR1-4). Mice lacking PAR-1 (|[minus]|/|[minus]|) or PAR-2 (|[minus]|/|[minus]|) alleles presented amelioration of immune- or infectious-mediated diseases. Here we sought to determine whether PAR-1 or PAR-2 inactivation would provide a strategy to prevent immune responses following AAV-mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle.
Cellular mechanisms of acute lung injury: implications for future treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: S C Donnelly, C Haslett
Journal: Thorax (1992)

There is convincing evidence for the known and unambiguously accepted beneficial effects of glucocorticoids at low dosages. However, the implementation of existing recommendations and guidelines on the management of glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases is lagging behind. As a first step to improve implementation, we aimed at defining conditions under which long-term glucocorticoid therapy may have an acceptably low level of harm. A multidisciplinary European League Against Rheumatism task force group of experts including patients with rheumatic diseases was assembled. After a systematic literature search, breakout groups critically reviewed the evidence on the four most worrisome adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy (osteoporosis, hyperglycaemia/diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and infections) and presented their results to the other group members following a structured questionnaire for final discussion and consensus finding. Robust evidence on the risk of harm of long-term glucocorticoid therapy was often lacking since relevant study results were often either missing, contradictory or carried a high risk of bias. The group agreed that the risk of harm is low for the majority of patients at long-term dosages of ≤5 mg prednisone equivalent per day, whereas at dosages of &gt;10 mg/day the risk of harm is elevated. At dosages between &gt;5 and ≤10 mg/day, patient-specific characteristics (protective and risk factors) determine the risk of harm. The level of harm of glucocorticoids depends on both dose and patient-specific parameters. General and glucocorticoid-associated risk factors and protective factors such as a healthy lifestyle should be taken into account when evaluating the actual and future risk.
Paraffin-based 6-gene model predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP
Authors: Raquel Malumbres, Jun Chen, Rob Tibshirani, Nathalie A. Johnson, Laurie H. Sehn, Yaso Natkunam, Javier Briones, Ranjana Advani, Joseph M. Connors, Gerald E. Byrne, Ronald Levy, Randy D. Gascoyne, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: Blood (2008)
Services for people with haemoglobinopathy
Authors: L Luzzato
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Sally Davies has expressed her concern, which I share, on the quality and quantity of services available to patients with sickle cell anaemia, as compared with those available to patients with other inherited disorders.1 I find it pertinent to note how much population genetics can affect public health.

With a heterozygote (AS) …
Management of Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although much has been written about the diagnosis. and management of shoulder-hand syndrome, diverse opinions remain with respect to the optimal treatment. For purposes of definition, the shoulder-hand syndrome should be considered an aspect of the more general term—reflex sympathetic dystrophy. There are many names which have been used for this clinical condition, including reflex physiopathia, reflex neurovascular dystrophy, posttraumatic fibrosis, Sudeck's atrophy, causalgia, atrophic hand, and postinfarctional sclerodactylia, among many others. Our purpose in reviewing our experience with the shoulder-hand syndrome over the last ten years is to reemphasize the successful results of physical treatment, which Silas Weir Mitchell recommended in his description of causalgia in 1864. <h3>Review of the Literature</h3> Mitchell<sup>1</sup>described causalgia of the hands and feet resulting from gun-shot wounds in the Civil War. The syndrome included burning pain and a swollen, shiny extremity. He noted that many soldiers filled their boots with water for
Ephrin-A1 Facilitates Mammary Tumor Metastasis through an Angiogenesis-Dependent Mechanism Mediated by EphA Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Mice
Authors: Dana M. Brantley-Sieders, Wei Bin Fang, Yoonha Hwang, Donna Hicks, Jin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Ephrin-A1, the prototypic ligand for EphA receptor tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in vascularized tumors relative to normal tissue. Moreover, ephrin-A1-Fc fusion proteins induce endothelial cell sprouting, migration, and assembly in vitro, and s.c. vascular remodeling in vivo. Based on these data, we hypothesized that native, membrane-bound ephrin-A1 regulates tumor angiogenesis and progression. We tested this hypothesis using a transplantable mouse mammary tumor model. Small interfering RNA–mediated ephrin-A1 knockdown in metastatic mammary tumor cells significantly diminishes lung metastasis without affecting tumor volume, invasion, intravasation, or lung colonization upon i.v. injection in vivo. Ephrin-A1 knockdown reduced tumor-induced endothelial cell migration in vitro and microvascular density in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of ephrin-A1 in nonmetastatic mammary tumor cells elevated microvascular density and vascular recruitment. Overexpression of ephrin-A1 elevated wild-type but not EphA2-deficient endothelial cell migration toward tumor cells, suggesting that activation of EphA2 on endothelial cells is one mechanism by which ephrin-A1 regulates angiogenesis. Furthermore, ephrin-A1 knockdown diminished, whereas overexpression of ephrin-A1 elevated, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in tumor cell–conditioned medium, suggesting that ephrin-A1–mediated modulation of the VEGF pathway is another mechanism by which membrane-tethered ephrin-A1 regulates angiogenic responses from initially distant host endothelium. These data suggest that ephrin-A1 is a proangiogenic signal, regulating VEGF expression and facilitating angiogenesis-dependent metastatic spread. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10315-24)
The Address Delivered in the Section of Medicine
Authors: A. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1879)

the bottom.An objection was taken to these experiments, because ammonia is lighter than air, and has a strong affinity for water.Other gases heavier than air were then tried; the results were much the same, as will be seen from the table now given.Gas.Sp.Gr.Source.Test.' Time for Reaction to show.Ammonia .50Solution.Litmus.I5 minutes..50Nessler.30 minutes.Ate through a small wire in less than 24 hours.Sulphurous acid 2.25 Litmus.i hour.Sulphuretted hydrogen.I.25 Lead paper. 3to 4 hours.Chlorine.. 2.50 ,, Iodide of 4 hours.starch pa- per.ts 2.50 Litmus wa-Began to show in a few ter in trap.minutes.In half-an-hour the whole was bleached.Carbonic acid 1.50 Generated Lime water i .hours. in trap.X1.50 LiLMUS sus-3 hours.pendedat e. Auus 9, 189.TH RTS EICL7AL 2 anxieties of medicine, who knowing her toils, -her sacrifices, her triumphs, and her meagre rewards, would grudge her liberal tributes of tion.This condition may continue for days, producing fever and AuguSt 9, I879.]
FAULTY BLOOD GROUPING DUE TO AUTO-AGGLUTININS: AN UNUSUAL CASE
Authors: Perry J. Manheims
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For many years, serologists have been interested in the comparatively rare phenomenon of auto-agglutination. This has been quite clearly defined by Boxwell and Bigger 1 in the following simple sentence: Autohemagglutination is a clumping of erythrocytes into irregular masses, visible to the naked eye, occurring in the presence of the individual's own serum, without bacterial action, at air temperature and reversible at body   Landsteiner, 2 Clough and Richter, 3 Li Chen-Pien 4 and other investigators have shown that the auto-agglutinins are present in the blood serum and are dependent on a lower than body temperature. They are absorbed from the serum at low temperature and fixed to the red blood cells. The auto-agglutinins can then be freed from the red cells by washing and suspending in warm saline solution, in which solution they can be demonstrated.  The case reported here is the first instance in our experience in which
Young Adult Attainments of Preterm Infants
Authors: Maureen Hack
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergic Reaction to the Tine Test
Authors: Claus A. Pierach, Howard B. Burchell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent case reported in a LETTER TO THE EDITOR (233:769, 1975) casts a big shadow on the tuberculin tine test. The young recruit collapsed a few minutes after receiving a tine test and was pronounced dead 30 minutes later. It is stated that a complete autopsy disclosed nothing that could account for this sudden death. Unfortunately, it is not specifically mentioned whether this young man had previously received a tuberculin test or whether a diligent search was undertaken to detect the possible existence of past or present infection with<i>Mycobacterium</i>. It would be a little easier to assume an anaphylactic reaction if he had been exposed to tuberculosis previously, be it to the bacterium or its toxins. Sudden, unexpected death in a young person is not rare. It has been reported with a wide variety of incriminated causes, among them joy and fear. It is not
Assessment of Left Ventricular Performance in Man
Authors: KIRK L. PETERSON, JOHN B. UTHER, RALPH SHABETAI, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A three-dimensional construct of the tension-velocity-length relations of the intact human heart has been obtained in 17 patients by measurement of instantaneous ascending aortic flow velocity, left ventricular (LV) high-fidelity pressure, and end-diastolic volume. Left ventricular instantaneous volume was determined by subtracting the integral of the flow trace, obtained with an electromagnetic velocity catheter, at each 5-sec interval from the end-diastolic volume measured on a biplane left ventriculogram. By utilizing a thin-walled spherical model for the LV, instantaneous velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V CF ), wall tension, and circumferential length were calculated and plotted with the aid of a computer on a three-dimensional perspective graph. The resulting tension-velocity-length relations in seven patients with normal LV function were clearly separated from those of 10 patients with abnormal LV function. Of velocity indices alone, peak V CF in circumferences/sec (circ/sec) provided the best statistical separation between the groups with normal and abnormal ventricular function (2.54 ± 0.18 [ sem ] circ/sec and 1.09 ± 0.15 circ/sec, respectively) ( P &lt; 0.001). The time to peak V CF averaged 194 ± 13.2 msec and 167 ± 9.3 msec in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular function, respectively ( P &gt; 0.05). Likewise, V CF at peak tension was significantly greater in the patients with normal as opposed to abnormal LV function (1.77 ± 0.10 and 0.93 ± 0.15 circ/sec, respectively) ( P &lt; 0.001). Time to peak tension was 138 ± 14.8 msec and 182 ± 17.1 msec in the normal and abnormal patients, respectively ( P &gt; 0.05). Mean V CF also served to separate the two groups, averaging 1.35 ± 0.07 and 0.72 ± 0.10 circ/sec in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular performance, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Peak wall tension did not differ significantly between the two patient groups, averaging 231.4 ± 15.7 and 273.3 ± 16.4 g/cm in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular function, respectively. Peak instantaneous power was higher in the normal compared to the abnormal group, averaging 8.39 ± 0.83 and 5.91 ± 0.60 kg-cm/sec per cm of circumference, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05). It is concluded that a three-dimensional construct of left ventricular circumferential velocity, tension, and length during ejection is readily obtainable during diagnostic cardiac catheterization and provides a sensitive and comprehensive description of LV myocardial function in man.
Osteoarthritis as a complication of artificial environment: the Cavia (guinea pig) story
Authors: B M Rothschild
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Paired two tailed Student's t test used to test differences between baseline and six month follow up values for both patient groups.ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (normal value 5-15 mm/1st h); CRP, C reactive protein (normal value <10 mg/l); VAS, visual analogue score; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (0-100); BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (0-100).
Deep venous thrombosis of the legs after strokes. Part I--incidence and predisposing factors.
Authors: C Warlow, D Ogston, A S Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Forty out of 76 patients (53%) who had suffered a cerebrovascular accident developed deep venous thrombosis of the paralysed leg, as detected with the 125I-fibrinogen technique. A further five also had thrombosis in the non-paralysed leg. A study of many predisposing risk factors provided no help either in elucidating the cause of venous thromboembolism or in identifying patients at risk of DVT as a complication of cerebrovascular accidents.