tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic cerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride in rats reduces hypothalamic sympatho-inhibition and elevates blood pressure.
Authors: E Miyajima, R D Buñag
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

To determine whether or not salt loading restricted to the brain would elevate blood pressure, chronically implanted osmotic minipumps were used to infuse hypertonic sodium chloride solutions made in artificial cerebrospinal fluid into a jugular vein intravenously or the third cerebral ventricle, intracerebroventricularly, for 11 days in awake rats. During intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride, tail-cuff systolic pressures began to rise on day 4 and were significantly elevated by day 9. In contrast, infusions of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid alone, intracerebroventricularly, or hypertonic sodium chloride, intravenously, were ineffective. Confirming the blood pressure elevation thereby detected, systolic and mean pressures recorded directly from indwelling aortic catheters after the same rats had been anesthetized with urethane on day 11, were also significantly higher following intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride than after infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid alone. Magnitude of depressor and sympatho-inhibitory responses elicited by graded electrical stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus invariably increased with the current strength used for stimulation. At all current strengths used for hypothalamic stimulation, depressor responses as well as attendant decreases in sympathetic neural firing, were smaller in rats that had been infused intracerebroventricularly with hypertonic sodium chloride than in any of the controls. Inhibition seemed specific for the anterior hypothalamus because pressor responses to stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus were the same whether or not the intracerebroventricular infusion contained hypertonic sodium chloride. An explanation based on diminished cardiovascular sensitivity also appeared unlikely, since depressor responses to intravenously injected histamine were almost equal in both groups. Our results are compatible with the interpretation that hypertonic sodium chloride infused chronically into the 3rd ventricle acts by reducing anterior hypothalamic inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor tone, and that this, in turn, then elevates blood pressure.
Re: Roddam AW, Duffy MJ, Hamdy FC, et al. Use of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Isoforms for the Detection of Prostate Cancer in Men with a PSA Level of 2–10ng/ml: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Urol 2005;48:386–99
Authors: Carsten Stephan, Dietmar Schnorr, Stefan A. Loening, Klaus Jung
Journal: European Urology (2005)
C reactive protein and immunoglobulin G in synovial fluid and serum in joint disease.
Authors: B Shine, J T Bourne, F Begum Baig, J Dacre, D V Doyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

C reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in synovial fluid and serum of 72 patients (29 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 17 with osteoarthritis, 11 with crystal synovitis, seven with undifferentiated arthritis, and eight with seronegative arthritis). The synovial fluid:serum (SF:S) ratios were compared with those calculated from the SF:S ratios of transferrin, caeruloplasmin, and alpha 2 macroglobulin, using the binomial test within groups and the Mann-Whitney test between groups. In RA synovial fluid CRP concentrations were lower than expected and IgG concentrations higher than expected. In osteoarthritis CRP concentrations were higher than expected. In seronegative arthritis IgG concentrations were raised. The ratio of CRP:IgG was depressed in RA. These findings are consistent with a role for CRP in the inflammatory process of RA, while the CRP:IgG ratio may be of value in the differential diagnosis of joint disease.
LEGAL AND MEDICAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: H. A. McGuigan
Journal: JAMA (1935)

To the Editor—  InThe Journal, February 2, there are several news items of interest which should not pass without comment.  On page 424, under Medicolegal, a case is reported from the California courts wherein the manager of a drug store was fined and the judgment sustained in the appellate court, because he permitted a nonregistered helper to sell hydrogen peroxide. I presume any one could sell Crazy Water Crystals with impunity. This report is consistent with the high grade medical practice act of California, and from an intelligent standpoint is on a par with the monkey law of Tennessee.  Under Medical News, page 407, H. 73 Missouri proposes to forbid the sale or other distribution of acetylsalicylic acid, carbolic acid or iodine except on the prescription of a licensed physician, dentist or veterinarian. This smacks of the time when whisky was obtained on doctors' prescriptions and will act only
IS ALCOHOL ESSENTIALLY A STIMULANT OR A PARALYZANT?
Authors: A. B. PALMER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

For many years past, from my own observations and experience, I have been convinced and have taught, that alcoholic drinks should not be spoken of as stimulants—as though their leading effect was the increase of power or activity in the system. That in certain conditions of disease, of shocks from injuries or suffering, and in some persons habituated to their use, they increase action temporarily, I have admitted and still admit; but that their effect in the physiological condition is to increase action, at least to any useful extent, even temporarily, in whatever quantity used, I have for a very long time doubted, and for several years past have very confidently denied. In the particular function where the most positive and ready test can be applied—that of muscular power—experiments have always shown that no quantity of alcohol, small or great, can increase that power in ordinary healthy conditions. One lifting
The End of Innocence: Britain in the Time of AIDS
Authors: V. Berridge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Simon Garfield Faber, £20, pp 399 ISBN 0-571-15353-4

Journalists have played a key part in the AIDS story in several countries, not least in writing speedy and immediate histories of events. Randy Shilts's history of AIDS in the United States And the Band Played On is perhaps the best known. Simon Garfield's new book on AIDS in Britain is another example of the genre. Garfield is a journalist on the Independent, and his involvement came through his writing on the AIDS drug zidovudine.

The book broadly covers events from the early 1980s until just before its publication in 1994. Garfield has used interviews with key …
A Demonstration OF SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE NATURE AND SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF HAY FEVER
Authors: F. Semon
Journal: BMJ (1903)

a pamphlet on the Cause and Specific Treatment of Hay Fever,' in which he reported the results of his investigations concern- ing that troublesome affection.He had succeeded in isolating from the pollen of certain grasses a toxic substance which, when applied in-very small quantities to the eyes or nostrils of people predisposed to hay fever, had within a few minutes produced in a more or less marked degree the local symptoms -characteristic of hay fever, whilst the same quantity toxin when applied to the eyes or nostrils of persons not pre- disposed had remained without any effect.Further, he had succeeded, by injecting the pollen of rye, maize, and several other grasses into the circulation of various animals (rabbits, goats, and horses) in producing an anti- toxin which, when applied to the eyes or nostrils of hay-fever patients in whom the local symptoms of hay fever had been artificially produced by the previous injection of the toxin, immediately quelled the subjective symptoms, and after few minutes caused retrogressive changes in the objective symptoms, produced by the toxin.
Pulmonary artery catheters are not routinely indicated during and after surgery
Authors: T A R Seemungal
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, et al for the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med2003;348:5–14 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Recent observational studies suggest that the use of pulmonary artery catheters to guide treatment is associated with increased mortality. Outcomes have been confounded by the severity of the underlying illness. This multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial involving blinded assessment … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DSandham%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BD.%26rft.volume%253D348%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D5%26rft.epage%253D14%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BRandomized%252C%2BControlled%2BTrial%2Bof%2Bthe%2BUse%2Bof%2BPulmonary-Artery%2BCatheters%2Bin%2BHigh-Risk%2BSurgical%2BPatients%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa021108%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12510037%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa021108&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12510037&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F3%2F236.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000180134400002&link_type=ISI
Rational Combinations Using HDAC Inhibitors
Authors: Michael Bots, Ricky W. Johnstone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

In addition to well-characterized genetic abnormalities that lead to cancer onset and progression, it is now recognized that alterations to the epigenome may also play a significant role in oncogenesis. As a result, epigenetic-modulating agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have attracted enormous attention as anticancer drugs. In numerous in vitro and preclinical settings, these compounds have shown their vast potential as single agent anticancer therapies, but unfortunately equivalent responses have not always been observed in patients. Given the pleiotropic effects HDACi have on malignant cells, their true therapeutic potential most likely lies in combination with other anticancer drugs. In this review we will focus on the anticancer effects of HDACi when combined with other cancer therapeutics with an emphasis on those combinations based on a strong molecular rationale.
HNF1B-related diabetes triggered by renal transplantation
Authors: Julien Zuber, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, Claire Carette, Guillaume Canaud, Sandrine Gobrecht, Khaled Gaha, Vincent Mallet, Frank Martinez, Eric Thervet, José Timsit, Christophe Legendre, Danièle Dubois-Laforgue
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2009)
Ballistocardiography
Authors: WILLIAM B. THOMPSON, MAURICE B. RAPPAPORT, HOWARD B. SPRAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In this study, the normal ballistocardiogram is interrelated with various cardiac events in order to establish the origin of its component waves. It is apparent that the ballistic F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M and N waves bear a definite relationship to known cardiac events, although in some cases the temporal positioning of the complexes is shifted by uncontrollable forms of distortion. When calculated correction factors are introduced, the ballistic waves tend to assume their correct temporal relationship. A composite pictorial sketch is presented which shows the temporal relationships of the phonocardiogram, the apex cardiogram, two commonly observed forms of the normal ballistocardiogram, the electrocardiogram, and the carotid pulse.
Halo dermatitis around a melanocytic naevus: Meyerson's naevus
Authors: D.S.H. NICHOLLS, G.H. MASON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Halo dermatitis around a melanocytic naevus: Meyerson's naevus Get access D.S.H. NICHOLLS, D.S.H. NICHOLLS Department of Dermatology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.H. MASON G.H. MASON Department of Pathology, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand Dr G.H.Mason, Department of Pathology, North Shore Hospital, Auckland 9, New Zealand. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 125–129, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01761.x Published: 01 January 1988
Ovarian ablation in breast cancer, 1896 to 1998: milestones along hierarchy of evidence from case report to Cochrane review
Authors: M. J Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1998)

One of the earliest randomised trials of a treatment for cancer was of ovarian ablation for breast cancer. Apart from surgical removal of the tumour, this is the oldest treatment still used in breast cancer. Its use was first reported in the Lancet in 1896,1 but not until the 1940s was it first assessed in randomised trials and it was nearly a century before the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group provided a reliable estimate of its effect on resectable breast cancer.2 Now, 50 years after its completion, the first randomised trial of ovarian ablation has been included in the first of the collaborative group's overviews to be prepared as a Cochrane review.3 Here I describe this journey along a hierarchy of evidence and show why the research is still relevant.

### Summary points

The hierarchy of evidence needed to determine treatment efficacy ranges from case reports, through case series and comparison with historical groups, to randomised trials and systematic reviews

Over the past 100 years the investigation of ovarian ablation for women with breast cancer has progressed along this hierarchy

The first case report was published in 1896 and the first randomised trial began in 1948

Not until 1992 did a systematic review show this treatment to be clearly effective

David Byar described an eight point hierarchy for the quality of evidence needed to determine a treatment's efficacy. This leads from anecdotal case reports, through case series and comparison with historical groups, to randomised trials and systematic reviews.4 Olkin added a ninth point: a meta-analysis in which individual patient data from each relevant trial are collected and analysed.5 He described this as being in the “realms of luxury,” but several examples now exist.6

Occasionally, the evidence that a treatment is effective becomes apparent without needing to …
556. Proteasome Inhibitors Increase Cationic-Lipid Mediated Gene Transfer in A549 Cells In Vitro
Authors: Uta Griesenbach, Maresa Brake, Aaron Gardner, Eric W.F.W. Alton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

It has previously been described that proteasome inhibitors improve transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus in vitro. More recently it was shown that proteasome-inhibitors increase peptide-based non-viral gene transfer in certain cell lines. We have assessed if proteasome inhibitors doxorubicin and LLnL increase Lipofectamine 2000-mediated gene expression in A549 (type II pneumocyte-like) and CFTE cells (cystic fibrosis tracheal epithelium). Cells were grown in 96-well plates and transfected (0.05 mg pLux/well complexed to 0.25 mg Lipofectamine) over-night. During transfection, and for 24 hrs after, cells were exposed to doxorubicin (0.5 mM to 20 mM and 0.5 mM to 8 mM for A549 and CFTE cells, respectively, n = 8 wells/condition, at least 2 independent experiments). 48 hrs after transfection luciferase expression was measured. The effect of doxorubicin on transfection was dose-dependent and peaked at 15 mM (no dox: 6.8|[times]|104|[plusmn]|1.2|[times]|104, dox: 1.3|[times]|10|[plusmn]|1.9|[times]|10 RLU/mg, p<0.05) for A549 cells. In contrast exposure of CFTE cells to 1-4 mM doxorubicin decreased gene expression (p<0.05) compared to no drug control. In parallel experiments, cells were exposed to LLnL (10 mM to 100 mM and 10 mM to 60 mM for A549 and CFTE cells, respectively, n=8 wells/condition, at least 2 independent experiments). Transfection efficiency was dose-dependent in A549 cells and all concentrations of LLnL lead to a significant increase in gene expression (6-18 fold, p<0.05). In CFTE cells LLnL did not significantly increase gene expression. Although, the intracellular processes that lead to gene expression after transfection are not well understood and the mode of action of proteasome inhibitors in the context of lipid-mediated gene transfer is unclear, the data presented here suggest follow up in in vivo studies is warranted.
WHO official warns of crisis in supply of low cost AIDS drugs
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

By 2010, poor developing countries will continue to suffer from a shortfall in supplies of low cost antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for patients with HIV/AIDS unless rational measures are taken quickly, a top World Health Organization official has warned.

“We're going to reach a crisis in terms of supply very very soon … of [antiretrovirals] throughout the developing world because the scale-up is happening very very quickly,” Dr Jim Yong Kim, WHO's outgoing director for HIV/AIDS, told the BMJ .

The issue now for the public health world, he said, in the aftermath of the recent summit of the G8 (the world's most industrialised countries) in Scotland, was that a potential eight to 10 million people will need treatment. In July, the leaders …
Hereditary Transmission of Yellow-Fever Parasite in the Mosquito.
Authors: J. M. Lowrey
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Birmingham, Ala., April 14, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just received a copy of "Yellow Fever Institute Bulletin No. 15," containing the account of an attempt to prove the "hereditary transmission of yellow-fever parasite in the mosquito." In this experiment, fourteen mosquitoes, the progeny of three laboratory-grown mothers, were used, divided into three sets. The mother of Set I was hatched in the laboratory. On October 3 she was allowed to sting a yellow-fever patient; again, on October 5, she stung same patient. On October 8, 10 and 12, she was allowed to feed to her fill on an immune. On October 17 she laid eggs for Set 1. The mother of Set 2 was hatched from larva, "and for some time fed on immune blood." On October 4 she stung a yellow-fever patient. On October 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 she fed on blood of an immune.
“What's love got to do with it?” Self-awareness and human mating strategies
Authors: Ian Vine
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Gangestad &amp; Simpson make a convincing case for male and female psychological access to sexual strategies that dispose us towards both faithful long-term mating and promiscuity – according to socio- ecological conditions. However, their model fails to acknowledge how the human self-system's mediation of conduct can permit us to override voluntarily the pseudo-imperatives of optimizing inclusive fitness.
Long-term outcome with dasatinib after imatinib failure in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: follow-up of a phase 3 study
Authors: Neil P. Shah, François Guilhot, Jorge E. Cortes, Charles A. Schiffer, Philipp le Coutre, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Andreas Hochhaus, Philippe Rousselot, Hesham Mohamed, Diane Healey, Michael Cunningham, Giuseppe Saglio
Journal: Blood (2014)
1197 HCV GENOTYPES HAVE DIFFERENT GENETIC BARRIERS IN THE GENERATION OF RESISTANCE MUTATIONS TO PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN ADVANCED CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: V. Cento, C. Mirabelli, F. Mercurio, R. Salpini, S. Dimonte, V. Svicher, A. Bertoli, M. Ciotti, C. Almerighi, M. Angelico, C.F. Perno, F. Ceccherini-Silberstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Mutations in the laminin α2–chain gene (LAMA2) cause merosin–deficient congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Anne Helbling-Leclerc, Xu Zhang, Haluk Topaloglu, Corinne Cruaud, Frédérique Tesson, Jean Weissenbach, Fernando M.S. Tomé, Ketty Schwartz, Michel Fardeau, Karl Tryggvason, Pascale Guicheney
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Abstract 2557: Preclinical synergy of Plk1 inhibitors and HDACIs
Authors: Channing J. Paller, Michel D. Wissing, Nadine S. Rosmus, Hans Hammers, Charles M. Rudin, Michael A. Carducci, Sushant K. Kachhap
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our laboratory is interested in the synergy between spindle check point inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). Previous work investigated two polo-like kinase inhibitors in prostate cancer and in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In preliminary studies we have investigated two polo-like kinase inhibitors, BI2536 and BI6727, in NSCLC cell lines H358 and H1838. In MTS proliferation assays, we found a significant inhibition of proliferation (For H358 the IC50 = 100nM for BI2536and BI672; and for H1838 the IC50 = 25nM for BI2536 and 50nM for BI6727). In clonogenic assays both polo-like kinase inhibitors caused a dose dependent inhibition of proliferation and survival in NSCLC. We explored these findings further with western blot analysis and found that both compounds arrested both cell lines in G2/M transition with elevated phosphorylated histone H3 and elevated cyclin B1. These findings show that polo-like kinase can be effectively targeted in NSCLC by these compounds. Given other studies in lung and prostate demonstrating down regulation of mitotic spindle proteins upon treatment with HDACIs, we plan to combine polo-like kinase inhibitors and HDACIs to investigate for additive or synergistic effects in NSCLC cell lines as has been seen in prostate cancer cell lines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2557. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2557
Secondary prevention of heart disease with statins
Authors: Christina J Mills
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Secondary prevention of heart disease with statins Groups were as different as chalk and cheeseEditor-Wei et al say that the results of their observational study of treatment with statins in routine clinical practice in Tayside are consistent with, and similar to, those reported in clinical trials. 1 This conclusion is hardly justified.A cohort of patients, defined by a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction between January 1993 and December 2001, was studied to compare the outcomes in those treated with statins and those not receiving these drugs.The data clearly show that the two groups differed substantially in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, and other cardiovascular drug treatment-all of these factors were biased in favour of a poorer outcome in patients not given statins.Furthermore, the two groups belonged to different time periods, most of the untreated patients to the earlier part and most of those given statins to the later part of the study.Given the changes between 1993 and 2001-including, for example, those related to the management of acute myocardial infarction and the criteria for diagnosis-it is only to be expected that the untreated group would have a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.Multivariate analysis was reported as showing that statins reduced all cause mortality by 31% and the composite end point of myocardial infarction plus cardiovascular mortality by 18%.These results should be greeted with scepticism.Firstly, many trials of statins have failed to show any reduction whatsoever in all cause mortality. [2]][4][5] Secondly, as observed in other studies, any reduction in all cause mortality would be expected to be much less than that for composite cardiovascular end points. 2 4 5 The two groups in this study were as different as chalk and cheese.It should come as no surprise, therefore, that the results were anomalous.In such circumstances, no amount of statistical trickery could be expected to furnish anything of value.
Phase II Study of Combination of Hypercvad with Ponatinib in Front Line Therapy of Patients (pts) with Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph) Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Deborah A. Thomas, Koji Sasaki, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge E. Cortes, Naveen Pemmaraju, Tapan Kadia, Rebecca Garris, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Gautam Borthakur, William G. Wierda, Susan O'Brien
Journal: Blood (2014)