tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parent Perceptions of Caring for Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shelagh A Mulvaney, David G Schlundt, Eniola Mudasiru, Mary Fleming, Ann M Vander Woude, William E Russell, Tom A Elasy, Russell Rothman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

<b>OBJECTIVE</b>—No studies have been performed to examine parent perceptions of caring for adolescents with type 2 diabetes. In this qualitative study, we examined parent perceptions of barriers and strategies to address barriers to self-care in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. <b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b>—Families of adolescents with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a pediatric diabetes clinic. Focus groups were used to elicit parent experiences and perceptions of diabetes management of their adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Questions concerning barriers to self-care behaviors were asked by trained group facilitators. Transcripts were coded into themes by three reviewers. Qualitative analyses were conducted using NVIVO software. <b>RESULTS</b>—Between 2003 and 2005, six focus groups were conducted with a total of 27 parents or guardians. Parents identified many barriers to and practical strategies for positive adolescent self-management. Five domains that influence self-management were identified: the role of others with diabetes, parenting skills, perceived lack of normalcy, environment, and adolescent development. Parents identified many barriers to dietary and exercise habits that were unique to the circumstances of adolescents with type 2 diabetes. <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>—Parents identified many barriers to self-management that may be unique to adolescents with type 2 diabetes. The importance of others and environmental influences in the self-management behavior of adolescents with type 2 was evident. Interventions that are designed to improve self-management should include components that address multiple influences such as peers, school professionals, parents, siblings, and/or family systems.
Chronic toxicity of environmental contaminants: sentinels and biomarkers.
Authors: G A LeBlanc, L J Bain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Due to the use of a limited number of species and subchronic exposures, current ecological hazard assessment processes can underestimate the chronic toxicity of environmental contaminants resulting in adverse responses of sentinel species. Several incidences where sentinel species have responded to the effects of chronic exposure to ambient levels of environmental contaminants are discussed, including the development of neoplasia in fish, immunosuppression in marine mammals, pseudohermaphrodism in invertebrates, teratogenicity in amphibians, and aberrations in the sexual development of fish and reptiles. Biomarkers of chronic toxicity, including DNA mutations, alterations in specific protein and mRNA levels, and perturbations in metabolism, are presented. The incorporation of appropriate surrogate species and biomarkers of chronic toxicity into standard toxicity characterizations is proposed as a means of significantly refining the ecological hazard assessment process.
Assessment of the mutagenicity of phthalate esters.
Authors: W J Kozumbo, R Kroll, R J Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The Ames assay was used to investigate the mutagenicity of several phthalate esters as an approximation of their carcinogenic potential. The ortho diesters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) produced a positive dose-related mutagenic response with Salmonella TA100, but only in the absence of S-9 liver enzymes. Dibutyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), mono(2-ethylhexyl), and butyl benzyl phthalate as well as the dimethyl isophthalate and terephthalates and the trimethyl ester, trimellitate, were not mutagenic with TA100 or TA98 in the presence or absence of S-9. In a host-mediated assay, extracts of 24-hr urines of rats injected IP with DMP (2 g/kg) were not mutagenic to TA100 at levels up to 8 equivalent-ml of urine/plate (representing 30% of their daily urinary output). In vitro studies revealed that S-9 associated esterase hydrolyzed DMP to the monoester and methanol and eliminated its mutagenicity. Whole rat skin was shown to have about 1.5% of the DMP-esterase activity of liver, when compared on a wet weight basis. An in vitro binding study indicated that epidermal macromolecules bound DMP at a severalfold greater rate than hepatic macromolecules. Thus, both the mutagenicity and binding of DMP are inversely related to the metabolism of this compound. These results suggest that skin could be at high risk for a mutagenic/carcinogenic insult.
The effect of changes in perfusion pressure on uteroplacental blood flow in the pregnant rabbit.
Authors: R C Venuto, J W Cox, J H Stein, T F Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The effect of perfusion pressure on uteroplacental blood flow was determined in pregnant rabbits utilizing the radioactive microsphere method. Control mean arterial pressure, 93 mm Hg +/- 2.6 SEM, was raised by carotid ligation to 109 +/- 4.1 mm Hg and then reduced with antihypertensive drugs to 74 +/- 1.3 mm Hg. Over this range of pressure there was no significant change in cardiac output, 605 +/- 36, 523 +/- 37, and 540 +/- 39 ml/min; or uteroplacental blood flow, 30 +/- 3.2, 27 +/- 5.2, and 29 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively. When prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited with either indomethacin or meclofenamate (2 mg/kg), uterine vascular resistance was higher but maintenance of uteroplacental flow occurred over a perfusion pressure of 89 +/- 6.7-115 +/- 9.3 mm Hg. With more severe hypotension induced with trimethaphan, control arterial pressure fell from 92 +/- 2.4 to 39 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, cardiac output fell from 514 +/- 17 to 407 +/- 22 ml/min (P less than 0.025) and uteroplacental blood flow fell from 6.1 +/- 0.9 to 2.5 +/- 0.9% of cardiac output (P less than 0.05), which represented an absolute fall from 32.4 +/- 5 to 10.6 +/- 3 ml/min (P less than 0.025). There was no significant change in renal blood flow expressed as percentage of cardiac output, 14.9 +/- 2 and 13 +/- 1.5%, or in absolute flow, 75 +/- 7.7 and 54 +/- 7 ml/min with trimethaphan-induced hypotension. These studies indicate that uteroplacental blood flow is maintained relatively constant over a range of perfusion pressure of 60-140 mm Hg in both normal and prostaglandin-inhibited pregnant rabbits. However, with reduction in pressure to 36-42 mm Hg, uteroplacental blood flow falls, expressed as a percentage of cardiac output and in absolute flow.
Doctors call for "radical" package of reforms to children's services
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A radical and urgent redesign of paediatric hospital services is needed in order to safeguard and improve health outcomes for children and young people in the UK, a report from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has warned.

The report describes how children’s hospital services are being stretched to breaking point because of underinvestment and increasing demand. Many services are operating with dangerously low levels of staff, college members report, with trainee doctors left to manage wards because there are not enough senior consultants.

The college says a radical redesign of children’s health services is needed with more care delivered by experienced and better trained clinicians to ensure that the quality of services is maintained and improved. It is calling for a larger proportion of care to be delivered by consultants, supported by more specialist children’s nurses and GPs trained in paediatrics.

The college wants to see a 50% increase in the number of paediatric consultant posts and a reduction in the number of trainees, a substantial expansion in the number of …
Tobacco Control Yields Clear Dividends for Health and Wealth
Authors: Kelley Lee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Over the past half century, one of the most familiar and effective arguments put forth by the tobacco industry to defend its business and minimise its regulation is that it generates net economic benefits to society. Put simply, industry advocates claim that taxation, profits, and employment associated with tobacco far outweigh any costs imposed on societies and in particular on health care systems. For decades, this argument has been trotted out in mantra-like fashion around the world whenever stronger tobacco control measures, such as higher taxation or market restrictions, are mooted. And by and large, governments have bought into the belief that tobacco control is simply unaffordable.
Loss of sight after self poisoning with quinine.
Authors: S B Murray, J L Jay
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Quinine is often prescribed for leg cramps; 1-355 million prescriptions were issued for quinine preparations in Great Britain in 1981 (Department of Health and Social Security, personal communication).Loss of sight after overdose has been reported' and may arise as an idiosyncratic sensitivity to the drug.2In susceptible subjects severe reduction in visual function may follow ingestion of amounts not grossly above the thera- peutic level.3We report two cases in which visual damage occurred when an overdose was taken by a close relative of the person for whom the drug was prescribed.In both cases the self poisoning could have been a predictable risk. Case reportsCase 1-A 38 year old man with a history of chronic alcoholism and previous overdoses took 10 tablets of quinine sulphate 200 mg, prescribed to his mother for night cramps, after a severe marital disagreement.He awoke during the night with tinnitus, nausea, and vomiting and was unable to see at all.When seen at casualty he was distressed, with striking facial flushing and profuse sweating.He was obviously deaf, able to hear only when shouted at.He was unable to see even bright lights, and his pupils were fixed and dilated with no response to light or accommodation.Fundal examination showed retinal oedema with a cherry red spot at the macula.Shortly after admission he had a stellate ganglion block and retrobulbar injection of acetylcholine with no apparent improvement, but over the sub- sequent days his visual acuity improved to counting fingers in either eye, and he had visual field constriction.His pupillary reactions recovered slowly.The fundal appearance of the blood vessels changed during his stay as the arterioles became considerably constricted and the discs pale.His hearing returned after one to two days.The central visual acuities improved slowly, and 16 months after the ingestion of quinine they were recorded as right 6/12 and left 6/9.Visual fields also expanded, although there was still some vertical limitation.He complained of a grey haze across his vision, especially in the dark, and this was considered to be consistent with subtle pigmentary retinal disturbance which had developed.The discs remained pale.Case 2-A 60 year old woman with a history of depression requiring inpatient management took 20 tablets of quinine sulphate 200 mg, prescribed to her husband for night cramps.Over the next three to four hours she noticed profound deterioration of vision, nausea, and considerable loss of hearing.When seen at casualty she had a visual acuity of perception of light in either eye.The pupils were fixed and dilated, and bilateral macular oedema could be seen.The blood vessels at this stage appeared of normal calibre.She was given a stellate ganglion block.Over the next few days central vision im- proved to 6/12 in each eye, and hearing returned.The peripheral
Ki-67 predicts outcome in advanced-stage mantle cell lymphoma patients treated with anti-CD20 immunochemotherapy: results from randomized trials of the European MCL Network and the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Olaf Determann, Eva Hoster, German Ott, Heinz Wolfram Bernd, Christoph Loddenkemper, Martin Leo Hansmann, Thomas E. F. Barth, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin Dreyling, Wolfram Klapper
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 4014: Differential expression and activation of IRS1 and IRS2 in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Holly A. Porter, Achsah D. Keegan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Numerous studies have shown that IL-4 can protect various types of tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents including breast cancer cells. There are two main signaling pathways activated by IL-4; the STAT6, signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway, that results in expression of IL-4-responsive genes and the IRS1/2 signaling pathway that influences cellular proliferation and survival. IL-4 can act directly on many tumor cell types to prevent apoptosis. The IL-4-induced activation of STAT6 has been shown to up-regulate anti-apoptotic proteins, cFlip and BcLxL, in cancer. IRS1/2 molecules link the IL-4R and IGF-1R to signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation and survival, and are therefore implicated in cancer progression. Recent studies showed that IRS2 regulates mammary tumor metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer and that knocking out IRS2 rendered the tumor cells less invasive and more susceptible to apoptosis in response to growth factor withdrawal. IRS1 was not required for metastasis and was actually suggested to be a suppressor of metastasis in breast cancer and an enhancer of proliferation. IRS2 suppressed the function of IRS1 by strongly activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing the serine phosphorylation of IRS1. We have found that expression of IRS1, in contrast to IRS2, leads to enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced cell death in 32D cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that MCF7 cells are more sensitive to docetaxel-induced death as compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. We propose that sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy is in part regulated by the relative abundance of IRS1 and IRS2 and their phosphorylation status. To begin to test this hypothesis, we cultured breast cancer cells lines in the presence or absence of IL-4 and evaluated the IRS pathways. We found that MCF7 cells highly expressed IRS1 with little IRS2 while MDA-MB-231 cells expressed relatively equal amounts of IRS1 and IRS2. In MCF7 cells IL-4 induced the potent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 with very little tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2. However, in MDA-MB-231 cells, IL-4 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of both IRS1 and IRS2 equally. However, the level of IRS1 phosphorylation in MDA-MD-231 cells was less than that observed in MCF7 cells. Taken together with previous publications, these results suggest that the differential activation status of IRS1 and IRS2 in breast cancer can lead to differential metastatic and chemosensitivity phenotypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4014.
Collaborative Effort Targets 17 Tropical Diseases for Control, Elimination
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcomes of Lyme Disease
Authors: Dimitri Prybylski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters7 November 2000Outcomes of Lyme DiseaseDimitri Prybylski, PhD, MPHDimitri Prybylski, PhD, MPHUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201 (Prybylski)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent report by Shadick and colleagues (1) addresses an understudied area of research. Nevertheless, the conclusions reached are surprisingly dismissive. All 14 self-reported symptom items presented in the authors' Table 3 were significantly more prevalent in the patients with Lyme disease than in the controls. Furthermore, the comparisons of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) subscales presented in Table 4 show that case-patients had significantly worse health-related quality-of-life status than controls. On the basis of the presented data, it appears that the case-patients exhibited significant musculoskeletal sequelae in addition to marked reductions ...References1. Shadick NA, Phillips CB, Sangha O, Logigian EL, Kaplan RF, Wright EA, et al . Musculoskeletal and neurologic outcomes in patients with previously treated Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:919-26. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Selvin S. Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic Data. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1991. Google Scholar3. Rahn DW, Malawista SE. Lyme disease: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:472-81. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Rahn DW. Lyme disease: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1991;20:201-18. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21201 (Prybylski) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMusculoskeletal and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients with Previously Treated Lyme Disease Nancy A. Shadick , Charlotte B. Phillips , Oliver Sangha , Eric L. Logigian , Richard F. Kaplan , Elizabeth A. Wright , Anne H. Fossel , Karin Fossel , Victor Berardi , Robert A. Lew , and Matthew H. Liang Outcomes of Lyme Disease Nancy A. Shadick , Robert A. Lew , and Matthew H. Liang Metrics 7 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 9Page: 746Keywords36 item short form health surveyAntibioticsFactor analysisHealth surveysKneesLyme diseaseMedical risk factorsPsychometricsQuality of lifeRegression analysis ePublished: 7 November 2000 Issue Published: 7 November 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Unpublished studies hold twice as much data on drugs as those in public domain, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Unpublished records of clinical studies provide more than twice as much information about a drug’s benefits and harms as those of published reports, a study has found.

The researchers, from Germany’s Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), said that access to clinical study reports (CSRs) was essential for doctors to be able to make fully informed choices about how to treat their patients. They have called for CSRs from past and future trials to be made publicly available.

CSRs hold vast amounts of information on the conduct, adverse events, and outcomes of a trial. They are held by drug companies and form the basis of submissions to drug regulators when a new drug is being assessed for …
The Percentage of Free Prostatic-Specific Antigen Is Also Useful in Men with Normal Digital Rectal Examination and Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen between 10.1 and 20 ng/ml
Authors: Juan Morote, Enrique Trilla, Salvador Esquena, Francesç Serrallach, José M Abascal, Aurelio Muñoz, Youssef Id M’Hammed, Inés M de Torres
Journal: European Urology (2002)
HUMAN PULMONARY DISTOMIASIS CAUSED BY PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANNI
Authors: Koan Nakagawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. The morbidity of pulmonary distomiasis among the school children in the plains of the Prefecture of Shinchiku is 4.3 per cent, while in the mountainous regions among the savages it reaches in some districts 50 per cent. 2. Seventeen species of cercariae were discovered in fresh water mollusks in the Prefecture of Shinchiku, Formosa. But it was impossible to ascertain from morphological characteristics alone which of them developed into the pulmonary fluke. Consequently, the eggs of the pulmonary fluke after hatching into miracidia were allowed to come into contact with several species of fresh water mollusks, of which they infected two. But as it was difficult to keep the two spedes alive in the aquarium long enough to get cercariae, the second intermediate hosts of the pulmonary distomas were looked for in the severely infected villages of the savage tribes. 3. The miracidia of the pulmonary distomas leave the egg about 4 weeks after they are first set free in the water, and if they do not reach mollusks they soon die. 4. Three species of fresh water mollusks were found to act as the first intermediate host of the pulmonary distomas; viz., Melania libertina Gould, Melania tuberculata Mueller, and Melania obliquegranosa Smith. 5. The cercariae of the pulmonary distoma may be identified by their small size and a spine in the oral sucker. They develop in the liver of the three spedes of Melania mentioned above. 6. The second intermediate hosts of the pulmonary distoma,detected in the Prefecture of Shinchiku, are the following three species of fresh water crabs: Potamon (Geothelphusa) obtusipes Stimpson (native name, red crab), Potamon (Geothelphusa) dehaanii White (native name, dung crab), and Eriocheir japonicus De Haan (native name, hairy crab). In addition it was discovered that the following two species might act as intermediate hosts: Sesarma dehaanii Milne-Edwards and Potamon (Parathelphusa) sinensis Milne-Edwards. In Formosa four of the five species are the carriers of the cercariae. 7. The encysted cercariae are found in the gills, liver, and muscle, and have an elongated dark excretory vesicle in the middle of their bodies. They resemble the adult flukes. 8. Full grown encysted cercariae fed to dogs develop into mature pulmonary distomas and begin to lay eggs in about 90 days. 9. In the final host the parasites are taken into the alimentary canal as encysted cercariae. They liberate themselves from the cysts in the intestine and bore through the jejunum into the abdominal cavity. They then pierce the diaphragm, enter the thoracic cavity, and piercing the pleura reach the lungs. In the parenchyma of the lungs they form cysts and develop into adult forms. 10. The chief causes of pulmonary distomiasis are the eating of raw or insufficiently cooked crabs infected with the cercariae of Paragonimus westermanni, and the drinking of river water containing them.
Pathological Changes Associated with the 2009 H1N1 Virus
Authors: M. Virgilia Soto-Abraham, Juan Soriano-Rosas, Alberto Díaz-Quiñónez, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Patricia Vazquez-Hernandez, Oralia Torres-López, Alfonso Roldán, Ana Cruz-Gordillo, Patricia Alonso-Viveros, Francisco Navarro-Reynoso
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The authors performed 15 autopsies on deceased patients in whom probable influenza had been diagnosed either clinically or macroscopically.