tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with Radioactive-Labeled Particles Injected Directly into the Coronary Circulation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: WILLIAM L. ASHBURN, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ALLAN L. SIMON, KIRK L. PETERSON, JAMES H. GAULT
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Macroaggregated serum albumin (MAA) particles labeled with 131 iodine ( 131 I) or similar particles-labeled with 99m technetium ( 99m Tc) or both types were injected directly into the coronary circulation of 29 patients at the time of conventional coronary arteriography. Radionuclide images of the distribution of these small (10-60 µ) biodegradable particles in the small vessels of the heart wall were made with a commercial Anger-type scintillation camera in much the same way as routine pulmonary perfusion scans are made. The resulting images depicted the relative regional distribution of blood flow to the myocardium in these patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. The myocardial perfusion images were of good quality and allowed gross assessment of perfusion by way of each major coronary artery. This was done by injecting 99m Tc-labeled particles into the left coronary artery and 131 I-MAA into the right coronary artery through the coronary artery catheter. Separate or composite images of the relative small vessel perfusion via each vessel injected were obtained by electronic pulse-height discrimination. No untoward reactions followed the intracoronary injection of the labeled particles. From our preliminary experience, we conclude that myocardial perfusion imaging in conjunction with coronary arteriography may prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the regional vascular supply to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease.
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract may reduce perioperative risk in elective surgery
Authors: A. Petros, D. Roos, H. van Saene, N. Taylor, H. Rommes, L. Silvestri
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effect of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on health related quality of life. <b>Design</b> Randomised placebo controlled double blind trial. <b>Setting</b> General practices in United Kingdom (384), Australia (94), and New Zealand (24). <b>Participants</b> Postmenopausal women aged 50-69 at randomisation; 3721 women with a uterus were randomised to combined oestrogen and progestogen (n=1862) or placebo (n=1859). Data on health related quality of life at one year were available from 1043 and 1087 women, respectively. <b>Interventions</b> Conjugated equine oestrogen 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5/5.0 mg or matched placebo orally daily for one year. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Health related quality of life and psychological wellbeing as measured by the women’s health questionnaire. Changes in emotional and physical menopausal symptoms as measured by a symptoms questionnaire and depression by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies depression scale (CES-D). Overall health related quality of life and overall quality of life as measured by the European quality of life instrument (EuroQol) and visual analogue scale, respectively. <b>Results</b> After one year small but significant improvements were observed in three of nine components of the women’s health questionnaire for those taking combined HRT compared with those taking placebo: vasomotor symptoms (P&lt;0.001), sexual functioning (P&lt;0.001), and sleep problems (P&lt;0.001). Significantly fewer women in the combined HRT group reported hot flushes (P&lt;0.001), night sweats (P&lt;0.001), aching joints and muscles (P=0.001), insomnia (P&lt;0.001), and vaginal dryness (P&lt;0.001) than in the placebo group, but greater proportions reported breast tenderness (P&lt;0.001) or vaginal discharge (P&lt;0.001). Hot flushes were experienced in the combined HRT and placebo groups by 30% and 29% at trial entry and 9% and 25% at one year, respectively. No significant differences in other menopausal symptoms, depression, or overall quality of life were observed at one year. <b>Conclusions</b> Combined HRT started many years after the menopause can improve health related quality of life. <b>Trial registration</b> ISRCTN 63718836.
Study of the combined action of a group of chlorine derivatives of hydrocarbons entering the organism by inhalation.
Authors: G I Sidorenko, V R Tsulaya, T I Bonashevskaya, V M Shaĭpak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The combined action of substances having a munidirectional toxic effect on the organism was studied for several typical chlorine derivatives of hydrocarbons (1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2,3,-trichloropropane, and perchloroethylene). Since a correct assessment of the combined action of substances is based on the comparison of the effect of mixed compounds and the effects observed for each component alone, research was conducted on each individual substances on the basis of the
Orthotic Devices for Patients With Chronic Physical Handicap
Authors: Lewis A. Leavitt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

WHAT IS AN ORTHOSIS? Actually, a properly designed orthosis is a biomechanical analogue. An analogue is a part of an organ which has the same function as another part of an organ, but of different origin. It is as similar to the other as possible, both in function and dynamics, and tends to replace the essential function. In order to fit an orthosis to an individual with a chronic illness and neuromuscular deficit, it is important to know first the normal dynamics, axis of motion, and function of the involved portion of the extremity. In fitting an orthosis to a disabled extremity, it is necessary to develop, design, and construct a biomechanical analogue to replace the missing part or loss of this portion of the extremity. Fixation on the extremity is very difficult without loss of function, and it is necessary to maintain normal mechanical and physiological dynamics of
A False Statement.
Authors: J. A. Egan
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Springfield, Ill., June 6, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A concern in Chicago claiming to teach the alleged science misnamed osteopathy, makes the following remarkable statement relative to its so-called courses, in circulars which are sent broadcast over the country: "Terms of study are so graded and the courses of study so broad and complete that they comply with all the requirements of the Illinois State Medical Board and allow our students two years' credit on a regular medical education. These credits are recognized in any medical college in this country and will be equivalent to two years' work done there." If by the "Illinois State Medical Board" is meant the Illinois State Board of Health, the assertion made in reference to that body is a lie in the fullest acceptation of the term. It is not true, furthermore, that the "credits" named are recognized in any medical college in this
MATURATION OF HEMOLYSIN-PRODUCING CELL CLONES
Authors: George C. Saunders, Douglas Swartzendruber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Cells capable of reacting with sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antigen to maturate and produce hemolysin appear simultaneously in the bone marrow and spleen of 1-day old Swiss-Webster mice. However, hemolysin-producing cell clones (HPCC) do not result. Complete functional precursor units generally appear in the spleens of mice older than 3 days. In vivo and in vitro data correlate well in this regard. Complete precursor units are not seen in the bone marrow and only very rarely in the thymus. The efficiency of precursor units of neonatal mice when they become functional approximates that of the mature animal when based on the doubling time of plaque-forming cells (PFC). Possible explanations of the initial appearance of incomplete precursor units have been discussed.
Thrombotic risk during oral contraceptive use and pregnancy in women with factor V Leiden or prothrombin mutation: a rational approach to contraception
Authors: Elizabeth F. W. van Vlijmen, Nic J. G. M. Veeger, Saskia Middeldorp, Karly Hamulyák, Martin H. Prins, Harry R. Büller, Karina Meijer
Journal: Blood (2011)
Regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro by alloreactive natural killer cell clones.
Authors: G Bellone, N M Valiante, O Viale, E Ciccone, L Moretta, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Natural killer (NK) cells lyse autologous and allogeneic target cells even in the absence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens on the target cells. Recently, however, human allospecific NK cell clones have been generated that recognize at least five distinct specificities inherited recessively and controlled by genes linked to the MHC. Because the genetic specificity of these alloreactive NK cells in vitro appears analogous to that of in vivo NK cell-mediated murine hybrid resistance, i.e., the rejection of parental bone marrow in irradiated F1 animals, we tested the ability of human alloreactive NK clones to recognize allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells. NK cells from two specificity 1 alloreactive NK clones, ES9 and ES10, significantly and often completely suppressed colony formation by purified peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells from specificity 1-susceptible donors, but had no significant effect on the cells of specificity 1-resistant donors. Activated polyclonal NK cells were less efficient than the NK clones in inhibiting colony formation and had a similar effect on cells from both specificity 1-susceptible and -resistant donors. The alloreactive NK clones produced cytokines with a suppressive effect on in vitro hematopoiesis, such as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), when exposed to phytohemagglutinin blasts from specificity 1-susceptible, but not -resistant donors. However, the mechanism by which alloreactive NK cells inhibit colony formation is more consistent with a direct cytotoxic effect than with the production of inhibitory cytokines because antibodies (anti-IFN-gamma, alpha-TNF-alpha, and -lymphotoxin) that completely blocked the inhibition by polyclonal NK cells had only a minimal effect on the inhibition by the alloreactive clones. Moreover, the alloreactive clones were directly cytolytic in a 51Cr release assay against enriched preparations of peripheral blood progenitor cells from specificity 1-susceptible donors. These data indicate that the alloreactive NK cells are likely the human counterpart of the cells mediating murine hybrid resistance and that these cells might play clinically important roles in rejection or in graft-versus-leukemia reactions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Visualization of Paget’s Disease During Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
Authors: SANGKU KANG, FRED S. MISHKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Paget’s disease is a common bone disorder of unknown cause characterized by osteolysis and production of new bone with abnormal architecture. Somatostatin analog (octreotide) receptor scintigraphy localizes benign and malignant neoplastic processes, including neuroendocrine, nervous system, renal, and lymphomas, and other diseases, such as granulomatous disease, inflammatory bowel disease, fibrous dysplasia, and rheumatoid arthritis. Various subtypes of cellular surface somatostatin receptors have been described in different cell types, such as leukocytes, fibroblasts, vessels, and osteoblasts. In-111 pentetreotide uptake is associated with the expression of somatostatin receptor type II. We report two cases of In-111 pentetreotide uptake in radiographically demonstrable areas of Paget disease.
CREBBP HAT domain mutations prevail in relapse cases of high hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A Inthal, P Zeitlhofer, M Zeginigg, M Morak, R Grausenburger, E Fronkova, B Fahrner, G Mann, O A Haas, R Panzer-Grümayer
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR as a novel therapeutic target in cholestatic liver diseases: Hype or hope?
Authors: Michael Trauner, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated transcription factor that is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. FXR-null mice exhibit a phenotype similar to Byler disease, an inherited cholestatic liver disorder. In the liver, activation of FXR induces transcription of transporter genes involved in promoting bile acid clearance and represses genes involved in bile acid biosynthesis. We investigated whether the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 could protect against cholestatic liver damage in rat models of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis. In the bile duct ligation and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate models of cholestasis, GW4064 treatment resulted in significant reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as other markers of liver damage. Rats that received GW4064 treatment also had decreased incidence and extent of necrosis, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased bile duct proliferation. Analysis of gene expression in livers from GW4064-treated cholestatic rats revealed decreased expression of bile acid biosynthetic genes and increased expression of genes involved in bile acid transport, including the phospholipid flippase MDR2. The hepatoprotection seen in these animal models by the synthetic FXR agonist suggests FXR agonists may be useful in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis.
Authors: M H Arnold, A Tyndall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Five cases (three children and two young women) of sterile inflammatory arthritis are described, each preceded by a streptococcal infection. A throat swab from one patient grew group A, beta haemolytic streptococci, and in each case unequivocal evidence of seroreaction to streptococcal antigens was present. The long term outcome in all cases was excellent, though one patient (female, 24 years of age) required prophylactic penicillin for three months. The diagnosis of a definite recent streptococcal infection is sometimes difficult as throat swabs may be negative and the diagnostic serological reaction missed unless antibodies to multiple antigens (particularly antistreptolysin O and DNAase B) are tested. These cases may represent a reactive arthritis and should be distinguished from rheumatic fever, streptococcal septic arthritis, viral arthritides, acute rheumatic diseases such as juvenile chronic arthritis, and a monoarticular presentation of a seronegative spondyloarthropathy.
Rapid detection of hepatitis B virus mutations using real-time PCR and melting curve analysis
Authors: Manna Zhang, Yuewen Gong, Carla Osiowy, Gerald Y. Minuk
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Current methods of detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations are time consuming, labor intensive, and not suitable for screening large numbers of samples. In the present study, we documented the advantages of a system that exploits differences in thermal stability between perfect match and mismatch hybrids, and thereby distinguishes between wild-type and mutants. Hybridization probes were designed complementary to specific wild-type HBV sequences in surface (S), precore, and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome (nt 587, 1896, and 1762/1764, respectively). Two probes were designed for each mutation: anchor probes were 3’ labeled with fluorescein and sensor probes, 5’ labeled with LC-Red 640, and 3’ phosphorylated. Temperatures for each probe melted from amplification products were then determined in a melting program. Sera from 12 patients, each containing identified HBV mutants (6 S-escape, 1 precore, 1 BCP, and 4 mixed precore and BCP), and 5 control sera from patients with wild-type virus were analyzed. Genomic sequences of mutant and wild-type viruses were confirmed by direct sequencing. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fluorescent hybridization probes accurately identified each mutant and wild-type genome. Melting temperatures obtained from probe-product duplexes for the 3 mutants were distinguished from wild-type (&gt;4.0°C, minimal) within 45 minutes. The sensitivity of the system was 100 copies/mL and as few as 5% of mutant among wild-type virus were detected. In conclusion, real-time PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes is a specific, sensitive, quantitative, and rapid means of detecting clinically relevant HBV mutants.
Protease inhibitors suppress the in vitro and in vivo replication of rotavirus.
Authors: S L Vonderfecht, R L Miskuff, S B Wee, S Sato, R R Tidwell, J D Geratz, R H Yolken
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Rotaviruses are major causes of infectious gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. We found that a variety of protease inhibitors suppressed the replication of the SA-11 strain of rotavirus in MA-104 cell cultures. Three of these compounds, leupeptin, pentamidine, and bis (5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl) methane (BABIM) also restricted the intestinal replication of the murine strain of rotavirus when protease inhibitor and virus were administered simultaneously to suckling mice. Repeated administration of BABIM resulted in significantly reduced levels of intestinal rotaviral antigen even if administration of the compound was begun as late as 48 h after viral inoculation. Additionally, BABIM-treated animals had significantly less intestinal replication of rotavirus than did placebo-treated controls when placed in a heavily rotavirus-contaminated environment. The use of protease inhibitors represents a novel approach to the control of this important gastrointestinal pathogen and is a potential modality for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by other enteric viruses, for which proteolytic cleavage is necessary for efficient replication.
Thrombolytic treatment for elderly patients.
Authors: V. P. Hajela, S. K. Singh, L. J. Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

took a median of 30 minutes to arrive at the patient's home and 20 minutes to reach the hospital.When the same variables were analysed in the patients subsequently confirmed to have definite or probable acute myocardial infarction it was found that the decision time was shorter if relatives were with the patient at the onset of symptoms.The interval between admission to hospital and administration of streptokinase in those given the drug was the longest single delay (median 102 minutes).No factors were identified that significantly influenced the time of administration of streptokinase.Thus most elderly patients reach hospital in time to benefit from thrombolytic treatment but many elderly patients are not admitted to coronary care units.Not only must attention be given to shorten- ing the time to administration of thrombolytic treatment but elderly patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction should have the potential benefit of specialised coronary care.
Deregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor β-chain gene via fusion with collagen gene COL1A1 in dermatof ibrosarcoma protuberans and giant-cell fibroblastoma
Authors: Marie-Pierre Simon, Florence Pedeutour, Nicolas Sirvent, Josiane Grosgeorge, Fabiola Minoletti, Jean-Michel Coindre, Marie-José Terrier-Lacombe, Nils Mandahl, Randall Craver, Nikolaus Blin, Gabriella Sozzi, Claude Turc-Carel, Kevin P. O'Brien, Darek Kedra, Ingegerd Fransson, Cécile Guilbaud, Jan P. Dumanski
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Data availability for industry sponsored trials: what should medical journals require?
Authors: R. Steinbrook, J. P. Kassirer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Several recent examples illustrate the problems of trusting drug companies to provide the complete picture about the clinical trials they sponsor. <b>Robert Steinbrook</b> and <b>Jerome P Kassirer</b> propose that there is a strong case for journals defining full access to the trial data and requiring that investigators and journal editors have full access.
Psychiatric Management of the Aged
Authors: Ewald W. Busse
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Within the next few years more and more of the responsibility for meeting the increasing emotional needs of our aging population will fall on the general practitioner and the internist. Two of the symptoms most commonly encountered in elderly patients with psychiatric problems are depressive episodes and hypochondriasis. More widespread understanding of the etiology, recognition, and treatment of these conditions will make it possible for nonpsychiatric physicians to care for many emotionally disturbed old people who might otherwise require psychiatric consultation and possibly hospitalization. In this paper emphasis has been placed on the management of patients with these two symptoms and on positive steps that can be taken in middle life and beyond to prevent mental ill health in the later years.
Some Papers on the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Bernard J. Alpers
Journal: JAMA (1960)

With the transition from the anatomic to the physiological era in the investigation of the brain, it seemed appropriate to von Bonin to cull from history some of the outstanding contributions concerning the cerebral cortex as a basis for the appreciation of more modern concepts. The problem of choice was prodigious, but the selections are judicious and of historical importance. In translation there are now made available the studies of Flourens, the structure of the cerebral cortex by Baillarger, Broca's report on aphemia and the seat of the faculty of articulate language, the research of Fritsche and Hitzig on the electrical excitability of the cortex, and the studies of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres by Munk and Meyner. There are also reports by Brodmann on comparative localization in the cerebral cortex, by von Monakow on localization of brain functions, and by Cajal on anatomic and physiological features of the
Persistent Psychological Distress in Patients Treated for Endocrine Disease
Authors: Nicoletta Sonino, Cecilia Navarrini, Chiara Ruini, Fedra Ottolini, Agostino Paoletta, Francesco Fallo, Marco Boscaro, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of psychological distress, even after adequate treatment, in the heterogeneous population of an endocrine outpatient clinic. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 146 endocrine patients (31 males/115 females; age 39.4 ± 12.5 years), who were cured or in remission, were studied in a university endocrine outpatient clinic. Semistructured clinical interviews to assess psychiatric (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) and psychological (Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, DCPR) diagnoses were employed and were supplemented by self-rated instruments (the Psychosocial Index and the Medical Outcome Study short form General Health Survey) which could provide the patients’ perception of their own quality of life. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There were 118 patients (81%) who presented with at least 1 psychiatric (DSM-IV) or psychological (DCPR) diagnosis. The most frequent diagnostic findings were generalized anxiety disorder (29%), major depression (26%), irritable mood (46%), demoralization (34%) and persistent somatization (21%). By self-rated instruments, patients with at least 1 DSM-IV or DCPR diagnosis reported significantly more stressful life circumstances, psychological distress and an impaired quality of life compared to those who had none. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; A high prevalence of psychological distress may be encountered in the long-term follow-up of endocrine patients. A biopsychosocial consideration of the person and his/her quality of life appears to be mandatory for improving therapeutic effectiveness in endocrine disorders.