tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P46 Gender differences in the prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients
Authors: A. R. C. Patel, G. C. Donaldson, A. J. Mackay, J. A. Wedzicha, J. R. Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Effective recognition and appropriate management of comorbidities is an important aspect of modern COPD care. In particular, cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is increasing interest in the differential impact of gender in COPD. This study aims to characterise gender differences in the profile of comorbidities in COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the recruitment records of 386 well-characterised patients enrolled into the London COPD Cohort. Comorbidities, medication, age, gender, height, weight, spirometry, St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and MRC dyspnoea scores were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences between females (n=164) and males (n=222) in terms of mean ± SD age; 67.5±8.3 vs 69.0±9.0 years, p=0.102, median (IQR) smoking pack year history 47 (27–62) vs 44 (27–65), p=0.769 or body mass index 25.3 (22.1–29.4) vs 25.5 (22.8–29.0), p=0.311. Females had milder airflow limitation at recruitment with a higher mean ± SD FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted; 53.5±19.9 vs 46.4±18.9, p&lt;0.001. Following adjustment for FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted, there were no gender differences in SGRQ (51.2±18.6 vs 49.8±19.5, p=0.127) or MRC dyspnoea scores (3.0 (2.0, 4.0) vs 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), p=0.104). Cardiovascular conditions were more common in male COPD patients (Abstract P46 figure 1), whereas of the clinically significant comorbidities, only osteoporosis was more common in females (10.4% vs 2.7%, p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The excess cardiovascular disease in COPD patients is predominantly found in men despite lower gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking history, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. This may partly represent under-diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. Clinical vigilance must be maintained to identify and optimally manage important comorbidities in all COPD patients, although clinicians should be aware of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in men and osteoporosis in women.
NICE calls for end to "reflex" sick notes
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors should not automatically write a sickness certificate and should instead discuss with their patients any barriers to returning to work, says new guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

“A GP could be doing more harm than good by writing a reflex sickness certificate,” said Sian Williams, consultant in occupational medicine at the Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust and a member of the group that drew up the guidelines. “If someone is off work for six months, there is only a one in five chance of getting them back to work in the next five years.”

NICE’s guidance on long term sickness absence and incapacity for work includes a number of recommendations for employers and GPs and other NHS professionals. …
Calculating the interindividual geometric standard deviation for use in the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children.
Authors: S Griffin, A Marcus, T Schulz, S Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model, recommended for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at residential Superfund sites to predict potential risks to children from lead exposure and to establish lead remediation levels, requires an interindividual geometric standard deviation (GSDi) as an essential input parameter. The GSDi quantifies the variability of blood lead concentrations for children exposed to similar environmental concentrations of lead. Estimates of potential risks are directly related to the GSDi, and therefore the GSDi directly impacts the scope of remediation at Superfund sites. Site-specific GSDi can be calculated for sites where blood lead and environmental lead have been measured. This paper uses data from blood and environmental lead studies conducted at the Bingham Creek and Sandy, Utah, Superfund sites to calculate GSDi using regression modeling, box modeling, and structural equation modeling. GSDis were calculated using various methods for treating values below the analytical method detection and quantitation limits. Treatment of nonquantifiable blood lead concentrations affected the GSDi more than the statistical method used to calculate the GSDi. For any given treatment, the different statistical methods produced similar GSDis. Because of the uncertainties associated with data in the blood lead studies, we recommend that a range of GSDis be used when analyzing site-specific risks associated with exposure to environmental lead instead of a single estimate. Because the different statistical methods produce similar GSDis, we recommend a simple procedure to calculate site-specific GSDi from a scientifically sound blood and environmental lead study.
Technology Licensing
Authors: Gregory K. Sobolski, John H. Barton, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TONSILS AS PORTALS OF INFECTION.
Authors: EMIL MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

That certain forms of infectious diseases follow closely on tonsillar affection, the same micrococci existing in the former as in the latter, and hence are mentioned as being tonsillar in origin, is to-day an established fact. Some of these facts are well-known, while others, being of rare occurrence, or the study of which is of recent date, have not received due consideration. The writer wishes to briefly present them all in this paper with the hope that subsequent discussion may bring out any additional facts or shed new light thereon. The study of the etiology of disease becomes vitally necessary in that most important field of our work, preventive medicine. The list of diseased states that follow the various forms of angina has become formidable and we should regard the tonsillar affection with the import its existence requires. Regarding the point of entrance of the infection, Hodenpyl<sup>1</sup>showed that
Oral poliovirus vaccine. History of its development and prospects for eradication of poliomyelitis
Authors: A. B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

On this occasion, I have chosen a subject to which I have devoted a great part of my life. In pursuing studies on poliomyelitis since 1931, I have been motivated not only by the scientist's desire to achieve a greater understanding of natural phenomena, but also by the humanitarian's desire to eliminate a crippling disease like poliomyelitis as a source of human misery. The objective was to determine whether poliomyelitis, which has probably coexisted with human beings since earliest evolutionary times, could be eradicated in the same way that smallpox had been eradicated from many parts of the world. To achieve this it was necessary to have full intelligence of the natural history of the polioviruses, ie, where they multiplied in sufficient quantity to maintain themselves in nature, how they entered the human body, where they multiplied in the human body and how they left it, how many distinct antigenic
Abstract 3768: Evaluating the effects of bortezomib (Velcade®) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®, PLD)
Authors: Ninh M. La-Beck, Christine M. Walko, Lakia Scoggins, E. Claire Dees, Robert Z. Orlowski, Huali Wu, Michael Amantea, Mahsa Fardin, William Zamboni
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: PLD is a pegylated liposomal formulation of doxorubicin approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and multiple myeloma. We have reported that age, gender, and monocyte count may affect the clearance (CL) of PLD. In multiple myeloma, PLD is used with bortezomib, a proteosome inhibitor which can affect monocyte count. The purpose of this cross study comparison was to assess the effects of bortezomib on the CL of PLD. Methods: This was a cross trial comparison of patients with solid tumors who received PLD alone and PLD + bortezomib. The PLD alone group (n = 34) received PLD at 10 to 60 mg/m2 IV every 28 days. The PLD + bortezomib group (n = 25) received bortezomib at 0.90 to 1.50 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and PLD at 30 mg/m2 IV on day 4, every 21 days. PK studies of PLD were performed for cycle 1, after administration of PLD alone and PLD + bortezomib. Serial blood samples were obtained from 0 to 96 h and from 7 to 28 days after administration of PLD. Plasma samples were processed to measure sum total (encapsulated + released) doxorubicin via HPLC and the clearance (CL) was calculated with WinNonlin using noncompartmental methods. Results: In patients &amp;lt; 60 years old, the mean (± standard deviation) PLD CL after administration of PLD alone and in combination with bortezomib was 63.4 (± 46.1) and 23.3 (± 7.6) mL/h, respectively (P=0.017). In patients &amp;gt;= 60 years old, the PLD CL after administration of PLD alone and in combination with bortezomib was 39.1 (± 18.5) and 38.0 (± 15.5) mL/h, respectively (P&amp;gt;0.05). In male patients, the PLD CL after administration of PLD alone and in combination with bortezomib was 65.4 (± 33.4) and 38.4 (± 9.7) mL/h respectively (p&amp;gt;0.05). In female patients, the PLD CL after administration of PLD alone and in combination with bortezomib was 40.1 (± 33.4) and 24.6 (± 11.2) mL/h respectively (P&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: This cross study comparison suggests that bortezomib decreases PLD CL in younger patients and in male patients. Although the underlying mechanism for this effect on PLD CL is not known, it may be related to bortezomib inhibition of mononuclear phagocyte activity in certain patient populations, which is responsible for the CL of PLD. There is a need to further investigate this in a prospective drug interaction study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3768. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3768
Dr Alexis Carrel and Tissue Culture
Authors: Hassan Najafi
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Dr Alexis Carrel was one of the most extraordinary physicians of his generation. Many noted men have repeatedly stated that he was at least decades ahead of his time in terms of scientific and technological developments. Born and later buried in St Gildas, France, he spent much of his professional life in New York. This vast geographic span typically portrays his astonishingly wide spectrum of interests. His close friend and collaborator, Charles A. Lindbergh, considered him the most stimulating mind he had ever known. His biologic research reached the limits of life and penetrated mysteries beyond. Carrel's research invariably raised questions that extended far beyond the scope of biologic science. He let his mind run free, contemplated mystical phenomenon, experimented with extrasensory perception, and once wrote the following statement: On the scale of magnitude, man exists midway between an atom and a star.  After he graduated from high school, and
Update on the therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Margaret T. Kasner, Selina M. Luger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by cytopenias. Patients have a risk of developing acute leukemia though most succumb to complications of low blood counts. Over the past decade many novel treatments have been developed and investigation of new agents is ongoing. In this article, we discuss the classification and prognostic systems that are used in MDS, the agents available for treatment of MDS as well as review supportive and palliative care options for patients who are not candidates for, or opt against, newer treatment strategies.
Abstract 904: TP-0413 is a dual-specific inhibitor against Jak2 and Alk2 with therapeutic potential for treating anemia of chronic disease.
Authors: Bret J. Stephens, Alexis Mollard, Lingyao Meng, David J. Bearss, Steven L. Warner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Anemia of chronic disease is a debilitating condition commonly found in cancer patients. Studies suggest that this syndrome is largely the result of the body's production of hepcidin, a master regulator of human iron metabolism. TP-0413 is a small molecule that targets two important components of the hepcidin pathway, Janus Kinase 2 (Jak2) and Activin A receptor, type I (Alk-2). Jak2 facilitates hepcidin function by phosphorylating ferroportin upon hepcidin binding, inducing its degradation and thus preventing iron entry into plasma. Alk2 on the other hand, is a component of the signal transduction pathway that leads to hepcidin expression. Here we report on recent efforts aimed at further characterization of TP-0413. In biochemical assays TP-0413 inhibits Jak2 and Alk2 at 3.11 nM and 70 nM, respectively (IC50). In cell culture, HepG2 cells treated with TP-0413 exhibit reduced hepcidin levels, and TP-0413 is able to inhibit BMP-2 induction of hepcidin. Furthermore, TP-0413 ameliorates hypoferremia induced by LPS treatment in mice, and modulates cytokine levels in these animals. TP-0413 shows favorable drug-like properties in pharmacokinetic models, and further studies are being undertaken to advance TP-0413 towards clinical trials. Citation Format: Bret J. Stephens, Alexis Mollard, Lingyao Meng, David J. Bearss, Steven L. Warner. TP-0413 is a dual-specific inhibitor against Jak2 and Alk2 with therapeutic potential for treating anemia of chronic disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 904. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-904
1124-197 Additive gene-gene interaction between CYP7A1 and apolipoprotein E as genetic determinants of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering response to atorvastatin
Authors: Kouji Kajinami, Noboru Takekoshi, Margaret E Brousseau, Jose M Ordovas, Ernst J Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Neurohemodynamics of Pulmonary Edema
Authors: STANLEY J. SARNOFF, L. CHARLOTTE SARNOFF
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The authors criticize the concept of "neurogenic pulmonary edema" as resulting from an increase in pulmonary capillary permeability mediated by nerve impulses to those vessels. They show that one of the methods used to produce "neurogenic pulmonary edema" markedly elevates systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures, the latter to levels high enough to produce pulmonary edema. Vagotomy and/or upper thoracic sympathectomy do not prevent the elevation of pulmonary vascular pressures. Blockade of the sympathetic innervation to the systemic vascular bed lowers the systemic vascular pressures and brings the pulmonary vascular pressures back to normal. The control of pulmonary vascular pressures by sympathetic impulses to the systemic vascular bed is demonstrated.
Immune response to <i>Anisakis simplex</i> and other ascarid nematodes
Authors: M. W. Kennedy
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Anisakis simplex is a nematode parasite belonging to the Ascaroidea group, which includes several species of medical importance, and the immune response to A. simplex is discussed with reference to some of these. The strong Th2 reaction usually provoked by nematodes seems to occur only in the context of infection, and exposure to nonviable antigens fails to do so. This would imply either that allergic reactions to A. simplex require prior infection, or that a classical atopic response is responsible, and the cause possibly varies among patients. The antibody response to secreted and exposed surface antigens of A. simplex is strong, and should be explored as potentially a better antigen source for serodiagnosis than somatic materials, and it might also be useful in addressing the question of the role of infection in predisposing to allergic reactions. As in toxocariasis, both secreted and shed surface antigens of A. simplex could provide a focus for inflammatory lesions in tissue‐invasive larvae. Humans respond heterogeneously to A. simplex allergens, and experience with other nematodes would indicate that this is due to genetic control of the immune repertoire by the major histocompatibility complex, a fact which, in turn, might have clinical implications. A. simplex is known to produce allergens similar to the ABA‐1 of Ascaris , which represents a structurally novel class of fatty acid and vitamin A‐binding protein. This and other recently described nematode proteins are known to be highly stable to thermal denaturation and can recover their structures, biochemical activities, and allergenicity upon cooling.
TWO CASES OF EXCISION OF THE KNEE JOINT.A clinical lecture delivered at St. Barnabas Hospital Minneapolis.
Authors: JAMES E. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

ited, became partially unconscious and soon passed into a comatose condition with stertorous respira¬ tion.An incision was made by Dr. Holt over the sup¬ posed seat of injury, between the superciliary ridge and frontal eminence of the left side, and a button removed with the trephine.There was no manifest injury to the outer table, but a multiple fracture of the inner table was found which was pressing upon the dura and produced some laceration.The de¬ pressed portions were raised, and some splinters removed.The haemorrhage, at first severe, was con¬ trolled by application of carbolized cotton removed at short intervals, and the wound treated with an
Risk of Rheumatic-Fever Recurrences after Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Mario Spagnuolo, Bernard Pasternack, Angelo Taranta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract The rheumatic-fever recurrence rate per streptococcal infection was studied in 393 patients in whom 711 streptococcal infections and 123 recurrences developed. Factors were evaluated for their relation to the recurrence rate by means of statistical technics that allowed testing the significance of a given factor while holding the others constant; thus, each factor was evaluated independently from the others. Symptoms of pharyngitis (sore throat and fever) were significantly associated with a high recurrence rate, whereas magnitude of rise in antistreptolysin-O titer was not. Young age and, particularly, short interval since the preceding rheumatic attack, were also significantly associated with a high rate of recurrence, as were existing rheumatic heart disease, number of previous attacks and oral (rather than parenteral) administration of drug prophylaxis. The effects of overcrowding, yearly family income, welfare status, rheumatic fever in siblings and ethnic group were not significant.
Vaccines against Avian Influenza — A Race against Time
Authors: Gregory A. Poland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus poses an important pandemic threat. A study by the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the consequences of a severe pandemic could, in the United States, include 200 million people infected, 90 million clinically ill, and 2 million dead.1 The study estimates that 30 percent of all workers would become ill and 2.5 percent would die, with 30 percent of workers missing a mean of three weeks of work — resulting in a decrease in the gross domestic product of 5 percent. Furthermore, 18 million to 45 million people would require outpatient care, and economic costs . . .
Comparison of Snare and Large Forceps Biopsies in the Histologic Diagnosis of Gastric Vascular Ectasia in Cirrhosis
Authors: E. Saperas, J. M. Piqué, R. Perez-Ayuso, J. A. Bombi, J. M. Bordas, J. Sentis, J. Rodés
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

To compare snare and large forceps biopsies in the histologic diagnosis of gastric vascular ectasia (GVE) in cirrhosis, two groups of patients were studied: (a) 8 cirrhotic patients in whom endoscopy disclosed multiple gastric red spots (GRS), and (b) 5 cirrhotic patients with no GRS. Histologic examination of snare specimens identified dilated capillaries in the mucosa of the stomach in 75% of the cirrhotic patients with GRS, while large forceps specimens enabled the diagnosis of GVE only in 20% of the cases (p less than 0.05). Morphometric analysis of snare specimens demonstrated a significantly greater mean mucosal capillary cross-sectional area in cirrhotic patients with GRS than in cirrhotic patients without these lesions (p less than 0.05), while no differences in this parameter was observed in large forceps specimens. These findings indicate that gastric mucosal specimens obtained with large forceps are not useful for establishing the histologic diagnosis of GVE in cirrhotic patients with GRS.
Evidence for Complement Activation via the Alternate Pathway in Skin Diseases I HERPES GESTATIONIS, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, AND BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Authors: Thomas T. Provost, Thomas B. Tomasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A patient with herpes gestationis, 6 of 6 patients with bullous pemphigoid, and 5 of 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were found to have properdin deposited along the skin basement membrane.The patient with herpes gestationis demonstrated by immunofluorescence basement membrane deposition of C3 and C5 in the absence of C1q, immunoglobulins, and light chains. A second patient with herpes gestationis had C3 deposition with no demonstrable immunoglobulins or light chains. A thermolabile humoral factor(s) capable of depositing C3 (without C1q or C4) on normal skin basement membrane was found in the sera of both patients with herpes gestationis. No anti-basement membrane antibodies could be demonstrated in the sera of these patients.The patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and bullous pemphigoid who manifested properdin deposition also showed skin basement membrane deposits of C1q, C4, C3, C5, and immunoglobulins. C3 proactivator (C3PA) was also found deposited along the skin basement membrane of three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and all six bullous pemphigoid patients. This study provides suggestive evidence that activation of complement is occurring via the alternate pathway in herpes gestationis. In systemic lupus erythematosus and bullous pemphigoid, both the classical (antibody) mediated activation of complement as well as the alternate pathway may be operative.
Effect of Alvimopan and Codeine on Gastrointestinal Transit: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Jonathan Gonenne, Michael Camilleri, Irene Ferber, Duane Burton, Kari Baxter, Kian Keyashian, Joseph Foss, Bruce Wallin, Wei Du, Alan R. Zinsmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)