tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Omeprazole and Cimetidine on Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Karsten Lauritsen, Simon J. Rune, Peter Bytzer, Henning Kelbaek, Kaj Gotlieb Jensen, Jørgen Rask-Madsen, Flemming Bendtsen, Jøorgen Linde, Magnus Højlund, Hans Harrestrup Andersen, Knud-Mogens Møllmann, Verner R. Nissen, Lars Ovesen, Poul Schlichting, Ulrik Tage-Jensen, Henrik R. Wulff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We conducted a double-blind randomized study of 132 patients to determine whether the new, investigational proton-pump inhibitor, omeprazole (30 mg per day), would accelerate healing and pain relief, as compared with cimetidine (1 g per day), in patients with duodenal ulcer. After two weeks of treatment, which was completed by all patients, the healing rates were 73 per cent in the omeprazole group and 46 per cent in the cimetidine group (P less than 0.01). After four weeks of treatment, which was completed by 118 patients, the corresponding figures were 92 and 74 per cent (P less than 0.05). In the omeprazole group 55 per cent of the patients were free of pain after the first week, as compared with 40 per cent of those treated with cimetidine (P greater than 0.05). No major clinical or biochemical side effects of omeprazole or cimetidine were noted. A six-month follow-up study revealed no significant difference between the recurrence rates after omeprazole and after cimetidine treatment. In May 1984 clinical trials with omeprazole were temporarily suspended, since a study of long-term toxicity in rats had shown the development of gastric carcinoid tumors.
A Study of the Natural History of Adrenal-Regeneration Hypertension
Authors: FLOYD R. SKELTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The natural history of adrenal-regeneration hypertension was studied over a period of 21 weeks. The blood pressure remained elevated in a high percentage of rats with severe adrenal-regeneration hypertensive disease following removal of the regenerated adrenal. Rats with less severe adrenal-regeneration hypertensive disease showed a moderate decline in blood pressure following either removal of the regenerated adrenal or substitution of water for saline drinking solution. A marked fall in blood pressure resulted when the regenerated adrenal was removed and water substituted for saline.
Primary Pulmonary Osteosarcoma
Authors: Taoying Gu, Hongcheng Shi, Yan Xiu, Yushen Gu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Primary pulmonary osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy with a very poor prognosis. A 58-year-old man with right chest pain had chest radiography, thoracic computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/CT, Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy, and single photon emission/CT. CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated histologic features of osteosarcoma. After 3 courses of chemotherapy, a right middle lobectomy with resection of this lesion was performed confirming the diagnosis of primary pulmonary osteosarcoma.
THE VALUE OF HYDROTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY.
Authors: GUY HINSDALE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The position of hydrotherapy in the treatment of epilepsy may be considered as a means of cure; an auxiliary method of treatment; a method making it possible to administer considerably larger doses of bromids than usual; a method rendering it possible to reduce the dose of bromid to a minimum; and, finally, as an excellent hygienic measure favoring the action of the skin and improving the general tone. As a cure<i>per se</i>hydrotherapy is probably like all other medicines—it has been tried and found wanting. Notwithstanding the fact that the means employed consist of water, cold, warm or hot, in tubs, douches, sprays, vapor baths, hot air baths and compresses, a method permitting the widest variations in the form of treatment, it probably has rarely, if ever, cured, in and of itself, a case of genuine epilepsy. Cases have been reported cured, as is so frequently done after surgical
Abituzumab Combined with Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan Versus Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan Alone, as Second-Line Treatment for Patients with KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Poseidon Phase I/Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: E. Elez, I. Kocáková, T. Höhler, U. Martens, C. Bokemeyer, E. Van Cutsem, B. Melichar, M. Smakal, T. Cso˝szi, D. Vyushkov, E. Topuzov, R. Orlova, S. Tjulandin, F. Rivera, J. Straub, R. Bruns, S. Quaratino, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Arterial injury promotes medial chondrogenesis in Sm22 knockout mice
Authors: Jianbin Shen, Maozhou Yang, Hong Jiang, Donghong Ju, Jian-Pu Zheng, Zhonghui Xu, Tang-Dong Liao, Li Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsExpression of SM22 (also known as SM22alpha and transgelin), a vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) marker, is down-regulated in arterial diseases involving medial osteochondrogenesis. We investigated the effect of SM22 deficiency in a mouse artery injury model to determine the role of SM22 in arterial chondrogenesis.
Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and lymphoid organs support tumor B-cell growth: role of stromal cells in follicular lymphoma pathogenesis
Authors: Patricia Amé-Thomas, Hélène Maby-El Hajjami, Céline Monvoisin, Rachel Jean, Delphine Monnier, Sylvie Caulet-Maugendre, Thierry Guillaudeux, Thierry Lamy, Thierry Fest, Karin Tarte
Journal: Blood (2006)
Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Biology of IDDM Patients Under Age 40 Years: Comparison of data from Antwerp with complete ascertainment with data from Belgium with 40% ascertainment. The Belgian Diabetes Registry
Authors: Christina L Vandewalle, Marina I Coeckelberghs, Ivo H De Leeuw, Marc V Du Caju, Frans C Schuit, Daniel G Pipeleers, Frans K Gorus
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence rate of IDDM in the age-groups 0–14 and 15–39 years in Antwerp, Belgium, and to compare demographic, clinical, and biological data from Antwerp IDDM patients with 92% ascertainment with those from a larger Belgian patient group with 40% ascertainment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incident cases of IDDM were reported by physicians of the Belgian Diabetes Registry and in Antwerp by several other sources. In Antwerp, completeness of ascertainment was calculated by the capture-recapture method. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Blood was sampled for HLA-DQ genotyping and, in new-inset patients, for autoantibodies. RESULTS In Antwerp, the age- and sex-standardized IDDM incidence rates were similar in both age-groups (0–14 years: 11.8/100,000; 15–39 years: 8.9/100,000). The incidence rate decreased in girls above age 15 years (6.9/100,000; P = 0.003) but not in boys (11.0/100,000). Both in Antwerp and Belgium, IDDM was diagnosed more frequently in the 15–39 years age-group (60% of all cases) than under age 15 years, with a lower prevalence of acute symptoms, ketonuria, high-risk HLA-DQ genotype, and autoantibodies against insulin, islet cells, and IA-2, but with a higher prevalence of GAD65 autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS In Antwerp, the incidence rate of IDDM under age 15 years is intermediately high compared with the rates in other European regions. It is similar in the 15–39 years age-group, but with a marked male predominance. Demographic, clinical, and biological data show the same age-dependent heterogeneity as the data collected nationwide, with 40% ascertainment indicating the representativeness of the latter.
Repetitive strain injury.
Authors: P Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1993)

applicable.4 The international stroke trial plans to recruit about 20 000 patients from 500-600 hospitals in 40 countries worldwide and should be reporting its results in 1996.The pharmaceutical industry is investing large amounts of money in developing and testing several new compounds, which are now entering clinical trials in patients with acute stroke.These compounds have a common aim: to protect neurones from the damaging effects of ischaemia by in- hibiting excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate, by reducing the influx of calcium, and by reducing concentrations of free radicals.Other neuroprotective agents such as magnesium also seem promising.In future, if they are proved to be safe and effective, some of the simpler treatments may be offered routinely to most patients with acute stroke.Treatments with a higher risk of complications may be offered only to a selected few.Whatever the results of the current trials of medical treatnent, one thing is certain: hospitals must act now to develop organised systems ofcare for patients with acute stroke.
Five year follow-up of effects of treatment of mild and moderate hypertension.
Authors: J A Trafford, C R Horn, H O'Neal, R McGonigle, L Halford-Maw, R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A five-year follow-up study of the effects of treating patients with both mild and moderate hypertension was performed. The patients were identified during a hospital-based community survey of hypertension. A total of 961 patients were divided into four groups. The first group, the controls, were age- and sex-matched normotensive subjects selected sequentially from the same survey. The second group were patients defined as well-controlled hypertensives; the third group were patients whose blood pressures were less well-controlled; and the fourth group consisted of patients who, for various reasons, were not treated and as such acted as an untreated control group. Both mortality and morbidity were considerably greater in the untreated patients than in the normal subjects. The well-controlled hypertensive patients showed no difference in either morbidity or mortality from normal subjects. The less well-controlled patients had a significantly greater cardiovascular morbidity but no excess mortality over groups 1 and 2. This was true for both mild and moderate hypertension and for women as well as men. These findings therefore confirm the conclusions of other recent studies that good control of hypertension at all levels and in both sexes is justified by the reduction in morbidity and that even less than excellent control is of considerable benefit.
Increased Genome Sampling Reveals a Dynamic Relationship between Gene Duplicability and the Structure of the Primate Protein–Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Aoife Doherty, David Alvarez-Ponce, James O. McInerney
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Although gene duplications occur at a higher rate, only a small fraction of these are retained. The position of a gene's encoded product in the protein-protein interaction network has recently emerged as a determining factor of gene duplicability. However, the direction of the relationship between network centrality and duplicability is not universal: In Escherichia coli, yeast, fly, and worm, duplicated genes more often act at the periphery of the network, whereas in humans, such genes tend to occupy the most central positions. Herein, we have inferred duplication events that took place in the different branches of the primate phylogeny. In agreement with previous observations, we found that duplications generally affected the most central network genes, which is presumably the process that has most influenced the trend in humans. However, the opposite trend--that is, duplication being more common in genes whose encoded products are peripheral in the network--is observed for three recent branches, including, quite counterintuitively, the external branch leading to humans. This indicates a shift in the relationship between centrality and duplicability during primate evolution. Furthermore, we found that genes encoding interacting proteins exhibit phylogenetic tree topologies that are more similar than expected for random pairs and that genes duplicated in a given branch of the phylogeny tend to interact with those that duplicated in the same lineage. These results indicate that duplication of a gene increases the likelihood of duplication of its interacting partners. Our observations indicate that the structure of the primate protein-protein interaction network affects gene duplicability in previously unrecognized ways.
UK government announces sex health strategy
Authors: V. Madden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Despite the expression of homologous phototransduction components, the molecular basis for differences in light-evoked responses between rod and cone photoreceptors remains unclear. We examined the role of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE6) in this difference by expressing cone PDE6 (PDE6C) in <i>rd1/rd1</i> rods lacking rod PDE6 (PDE6AB) using transgenic mice. The expression of PDE6C rescues retinal degeneration observed in <i>rd1/rd1</i> rods. Double-transgenic rods (PDE6C++) were compared with <i>rd1</i>/+ rods based on similar PDE6 expression. PDE6C increased the basal PDE activity and speeded the rate-limiting step for phototransduction deactivation, causing rod photoresponses to appear light adapted, with reduced dark current and sensitivity and faster response kinetics. When PDE6C++ and <i>rd1</i>/+ rods were exposed to similar background light, <i>rd1</i>/+ rods displayed greater desensitization. These results indicate an increased spontaneous activity and faster deactivation of PDE6C compared with PDE6AB in darkness, but that background light increases steady PDE6C activity to a lesser extent. In addition to accelerating the recovery of the photoresponse, faster PDE6C deactivation may blunt the rise in background-induced steady PDE6C activity. Therefore, higher basal PDE6C activity and faster deactivation together partially account for faster and less sensitive cone photoresponses in darkness, whereas a reduced rise of steady PDE6C activity in background light may allow cones to avoid saturation. <b>Significance Statement</b> Cones are the primary photoreceptors responsible for most of our visual experience. Cone light responses are less sensitive and display speeded responses compared with rods. Despite the fact that rods and cones use a G-protein signaling cascade with similar organization, the mechanistic basis for these differences remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of distinct isoforms of PDE6, the effector enzyme in phototransduction, in these differences. We developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses cone PDE6 in rods and show that the cone PDE6 isoform is partially responsible for the difference in sensitivity and response kinetics between rods and cones.
Palliative Uses of Methylphenidate in Patients With Cancer: A Review
Authors: Mark Rozans, Albert Dreisbach, Juan J.L. Lertora, Marc J. Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Cancer is, unfortunately, often a terminal disease. The goal of therapy for many patients with cancer is palliation of symptoms common at the end of life, including pain, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant most commonly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this report, we review the use of methylphenidate in the palliative care of patients with cancer. METHODS: This review was written on the basis of a computerized literature search of Medline. We considered all English language publications from 1966 to present using the following key words: methylphenidate, palliative care, and cancer. Forty-nine articles were identified as being relevant for this review. RESULTS: On the basis of this review, we came to the conclusion that methylphenidate is used to ameliorate opioid-induced somnolence, to augment the analgesic effects of opioids, to treat depression, and to improve cognitive function in patients with cancer. CONCLUSION: The medical literature supports the palliative use of methylphenidate in the care of patients with cancer. Further placebo-controlled trials are needed to elucidate the precise role that methylphenidate will have in providing symptom relief to dying patients.
Missing the syntactic piece
Authors: Angela D. Friederici, Ina Bornkessel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The notion that the working-memory system is not to be located in the prefrontal cortex, but rather constituted by the interplay between temporal and frontal areas, is of some attraction. However, at least for the domain of sentence comprehension, this perspective is promoted on the basis of sparse data. For this domain, the authors not only missed out on the chance to systematically integrate event-related brain potential (ERP) and neuroimaging data when interpreting their own findings on semantic aspects of working memory, but also neglected syntactic aspects of working memory and computation altogether.
Expression of aquaporin-4 water channels in rat cholangiocytes
Authors: Raúl A. Marinelli, Linh D. Pham, Pamela S. Tietz, Nicholas F. LaRusso
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We recently reported that secretin induces the exocytic insertion of functional aquaporin-1 water channels (AQP1) into the apical membrane of cholangiocytes and proposed that this was a key process in ductal bile secretion. Because AQP1 is present on the basolateral cholangiocyte membrane in low amounts, we hypothesized that another AQP must be expressed at this domain to facilitate transbasolateral water movement. Thus, we investigated the expression, subcellular localization, possible regulation by secretin, and functional activity of AQP4, a mercury-insensitive water channel expressed in other fluid transporting epithelia. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on RNA prepared from purified rat cholangiocytes, we amplified a product of 311 bp that was 100% homologous to the reported AQP4 sequence. RNase protection assay confirmed the presence of an appropriate size transcript for AQP4 in cholangiocytes. Immunoblotting detected a band of approximately 31 kd corresponding to AQP4 in basolateral but not apical membranes of cholangiocytes. Secretin did not alter the amount of plasma membrane AQP4 but, as expected, induced AQP1 redistribution from intracellular to apical plasma membranes. Functional studies showed that AQP4 accounts for about 15% of total cholangiocyte membrane water permeability. Our results indicate that: (1) cholangiocytes express AQP4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and (2) in contrast to AQP1, which is targeted to the apical cholangiocyte membrane by secretin, AQP4 is constitutively expressed on the basolateral cholangiocyte membrane and is secretin unresponsive. The data suggest that AQP4 facilitates the basolateral transport of water in cholangiocytes, a process that could be relevant to ductal bile formation.
Galactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte-targeting
Authors: Hu-Lin Jiang, Jung-Taek Kwon, Eun-Mi Kim, You-Kyoung Kim, Rohidas Arote, Dhananjay Jere, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Mi-Kyeong Jang, Jae-Woon Nah, Cheng-Xiong Xu, In-Kyu Park, Myung-Haing Cho, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Extensive Immunoglobulin Production Sensitizes Myeloma Cells for Proteasome Inhibition
Authors: Silke Meister, Ulrich Schubert, Kirsten Neubert, Kai Herrmann, Renate Burger, Martin Gramatzki, Sabine Hahn, Sandra Schreiber, Sabine Wilhelm, Martin Herrmann, Hans-Martin Jäck, Reinhard E. Voll
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell neoplasia characterized by the production of large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade) induces apoptosis in various malignant cells and has been approved for treatment of refractory multiple myeloma. Inhibition of the antiapoptotic transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) apparently contributes to the antitumor effects of bortezomib; however, this mechanism cannot fully explain the exceptional sensitivity of myeloma cells. Extensive protein synthesis as in myeloma cells is inherently accompanied by unfolded proteins, including defective ribosomal products (DRiPs), which need to be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Therefore, we hypothesized that the proapoptotic effect of bortezomib in multiple myeloma is mainly due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in cells with high protein biosynthesis. Using the IgG-secreting human myeloma cell line JK-6L and murine μH-chain–transfected Ag8.H myeloma cells, apoptosis induction upon proteasome inhibition was clearly correlated with the amount of immunoglobulin production. Preferentially in immunoglobulin-high myeloma cells, bortezomib triggered activation of caspases and induction of proapoptotic CHOP, a component of the terminal unfolded protein response induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In immunoglobulin-high cells, bortezomib increased the levels of proapoptotic Bax while reducing antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Finally, IgG-DRiPs were detected in proteasome inhibitor–treated cells. Hence, proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis preferentially in cells with high synthesis rate of immunoglobulin associated with accumulation of unfolded proteins/DRiPs inducing ER stress. These findings further elucidate the antitumor activities of proteasome inhibitors and have important implications for optimizing clinical applications. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1783–92]
TCT-649 Safety and Efficacy of Overlapping Second Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Based Upon 2-year Clinical outcomes. Results from the Pooled Analysis of Five Trials from the International Global RESOLUTE Program
Authors: Vasim Farooq, Roberto Diletti, Hector Garcia-Garcia, Laura Mauri, Jorge Belardi, Sigmund Silber, Petr Widimsky, Martin Leon, Stephan Windecker, Ian Meredith, Franz-Josef Neumann, Alan Yeung, Shigeru Saito, Minglei Liu, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Peptide antibiotic human beta-defensin-1 and -2 contribute to antimicrobial defense of the intrahepatic biliary tree
Authors: Kenichi Harada, Kazuo Ohba, Satoru Ozaki, Kumiko Isse, Toshiya Hirayama, Akihiro Wada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are important antimicrobial peptides that contribute to innate immunity at mucosal surfaces. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells in specimens of human liver, and 4 cultured cell lines (2 consisting of biliary epithelial cells and 2 cholangiocarcinoma cells). In addition, hBD-1 and hBD-2 were assayed in specimens of bile. hBD-1 was nonspecifically expressed immunohistochemically in intrahepatic biliary epithelium and hepatocytes in all patients studied, but expression of hBD-2 was restricted to large intrahepatic bile ducts in 8 of 10 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EBO), 7 of 11 with hepatolithiasis, 1 of 6 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 1 of 5 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), 0 of 6 with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C), and 0 of 11 with normal hepatic histology. hBD-2 expression was evident in bile ducts exhibiting active inflammation. Serum C reactive protein levels correlated with biliary epithelial expression of hBD-2. Real-time PCR revealed that in all of 28 specimens of fresh liver, including specimens from patients with hepatolithiasis, PBC, PSC, CH-C and normal hepatic histology, hBD-1 messenger RNA was consistently expressed, whereas hBD-2 messenger RNA was selectively expressed in biliary epithelium of patients with hepatolithiasis. Immunobloting analysis revealed hBD-2 protein in bile in 1 of 3 patients with PSC, 1 of 3 with PBC, and each of 6 with hepatolithiasis; in contrast, hBD-1 was detectable in all bile samples examined. Four cultured biliary epithelial cell lines consistently expressed hBD-1; in contrast these cell lines did not express hBD-2 spontaneously but were induced to express hBD-2 by treatment with Eschericia coli, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In conclusion, these findings suggest that in the intrahepatic biliary tree, hBD-2 is expressed in response to local infection and/or active inflammation, whereas hBD-1 may constitute a preexisting component of the biliary antimicrobial defense system.