tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors' leaders in India call for ban on prophylactic antibiotics in poultry
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Indian Medical Association has called for a ban on the use of antibiotics for promoting growth and preventing disease in the poultry industry. The practice is thought to promote antibiotic resistance in birds, as well as in the farmers who handle them and the people who eat them. The association has demanded legal measures to prevent the use of medically important antibiotics in the animal food industry and regulatory controls to govern the sale of these antibiotics.

The association was responding to a recent study by an environmental advocacy group, the Centre for Science and Environment, which found residues of antibiotics such as enrofloxacin and doxycycline in chicken meat sold in and around Delhi.1 The researchers collected 70 chicken samples available for sale and examined liver, kidney, and muscle tissue for the presence of antibiotics. They found residues in 40% of the samples. Nearly a quarter (23%) had the residue of one antibiotic, and 17% had residues of more than one.

Narendra Saini, secretary general of the Indian Medical Association, said, “This study has given us an opportunity …
Liver specific inactivation of carboxylesterase 3/triacylglycerol hydrolase decreases blood lipids without causing severe steatosis in mice
Authors: Jihong Lian, Enhui Wei, Shu Pei Wang, Ariel D. Quiroga, Lena Li, Alba Di Pardo, Jelske van der Veen, Simonetta Sipione, Grant A. Mitchell, Richard Lehner
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Carboxylesterase 3/triacylglycerol hydrolase (Ces3/TGH) participates in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and in adipose tissue basal lipolysis. Global ablation of Ces3/Tgh expression decreases serum triacylglycerol (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid levels and improves insulin sensitivity. To understand the tissue-specific role of Ces3/TGH in lipid and glucose homeostasis, we generated mice with a liver-specific deletion of Ces3/Tgh expression (L-TGH knockout [KO]). Elimination of hepatic Ces3/Tgh expression dramatically decreased plasma VLDL TG and VLDL cholesterol concentrations but only moderately increased liver TG levels in mice fed a standard chow diet. Significantly reduced plasma TG and cholesterol without hepatic steatosis were also observed in L-TGH KO mice challenged with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. L-TGH KO mice presented with increased plasma ketone bodies and hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Intrahepatic TG in L-TGH KO mice was stored in significantly smaller lipid droplets. Augmented hepatic TG levels in chow-fed L-TGH KO mice did not affect glucose tolerance or glucose production from hepatocytes, but impaired insulin tolerance was observed in female mice. Conclusion: Our data suggest that ablation of hepatic Ces3/Tgh expression decreases plasma lipid levels without causing severe hepatic steatosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:2154–2162)
Irish people have highest estimation of their own health in Europe
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

UK NEWS UK Biobank gets 10% response rate as it starts recruiting volunteers, p659 World NEWS US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e, p65� US �u�ge bans use o�� ter�� �lig�t cigarette�� �orl��i�e
Normal Ranges and "Errors"
Authors: Irwin J. Hollander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 May 1989Normal Ranges and "Errors"Irwin J. Hollander, MDIrwin J. Hollander, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-10-847_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Dr. Burnum's recent valuable perspective (1) on "The Misinformation Era" spreads well-meant misinformation under the heading "Laboratory and Personnel Errors" by using the words "false" and "error" to describe the 5% of laboratory results that fall outside the normal range.The normal range has no direct relation to disease. Normal range is traditionally defined as the central 95% of values in a population. The outer 5% are outside not by error or by illness but by definition. They obviously include the healthy as well as the sick. For certain purposes we should improve a test's properties by...References1. Burnum J. The misinformation era: the fall of the medical record. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:482-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GrinerMayewskiMushlinGreenland PRAP. Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures: principles and applications. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:553-600. Google Scholar3. GrinerPanzerGreenland PRP. Clinical Diagnosis and the Laboratory: Logical Strategies for Common Medical Problems. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1986. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Grand View Hospital Sellersville, PA 18960 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1989Volume 110, Issue 10Page: 847-847KeywordsFallsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 15 May 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic pancreatitis in a family.
Authors: M C Carey, O Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (1968)

Hereditary hyperparathyroidism, occurring as an isolated endocrinopathy was first described by Goldman and Smyth in 1936.They described primary hyperparathyroidism in two siblings.Jackson and Boonstra (1967) collected 21 families with 107 hyperparathyroid members from the literature, including eight unrelated families of their own, all discovered in a single centre over a 10-year period.This condition tends to occur in younger patients who frequently have symptomless hypercalcaemia; the more likely parathyroid pathology is either chief-cell hyperplasia or multiple and re-50 Itt
MITOGENIC EFFECT BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND POKEWEED LECTIN ON DENSITY-INHIBITED CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Antti Vaheri, Erkki Ruoslahti, Matti Sarvas, Marjatta Nurminen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The B lymphocyte mitogens, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pokeweed lectin, and tuberculin, induced proliferation in density-inhibited monolayer cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. The stimulation was seen both as an early increase in sugar uptake and cell volume and later as an increase in thymidine incorporation and cell number. The concentration of LPS maximally stimulating fibroblasts was remarkably low, about 0.1-1 ng/ml. LPS preparation with very different sugar chains gave quite similar results indicating that the architecture of the hydrophilic carbohydrate part is not critical for the mitogenic effect.
Endothelin and Calcium Antagonists in the Skin Microcirculation of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rene´ R. Wenzel, Nadine Duthiers, Georg Noll, Julia Bucher, Urs Kaufmann, Thomas F. Lu¨scher
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Endothelin, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, is elevated in coronary artery disease (CAD); however, its pathophysiological role is uncertain. Calcium antagonists are widely used in patients with CAD. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, we investigated the influence of two endothelin antagonists and the calcium antagonist diltiazem on endogenous and exogenous endothelin in the skin microcirculation of CAD patients and healthy control subjects. Methods and Results Both endothelin antagonists and diltiazem applied intradermally induced vasodilation in CAD patients, which was more pronounced with the ET A /ET B antagonist than with the ET A antagonist or diltiazem. Exogenous endothelin led to profound vasoconstriction in CAD patients and healthy volunteers. Both endothelin antagonists and diltiazem blunted the vasoconstriction to exogenous endothelin in CAD patients and young healthy volunteers and less so in old healthy volunteers. However, compared with both endothelin antagonists, a 10-times-higher dose of diltiazem was required. Systemic diltiazem (240 mg, slow release) attenuated endothelin-induced vasoconstriction in CAD patients. Neurogenic vasodilation to exogenous endothelin was inhibited by both endothelin antagonists. Conclusions This study demonstrates that endogenous endothelin of CAD patients contributes to the regulation of vascular tone in the skin microcirculation not only through ET A receptors but also possibly through ET B receptors. Diltiazem inhibited endothelin-induced vasoconstriction, but endothelin antagonists were slightly more effective. Thus, endothelin antagonists represent potent new tools to interfere with the vascular effects of endothelin in CAD patients. Future studies must confirm these findings in other areas of the circulation.
Detection of a soluble form of the human adhesion receptor lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Jörg C. Hoffmann, Matthias J. Bahr, Uwe J.F. Tietge, Jutta Braunstein, Bettina Bayer, Klaus H.W. Böker, Michael P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
A CASE OF CHRONIC APPENDICITIS SIMULATING NEOPLASM
Authors: W. H. BOESE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The following case is reported on account of the unusually large circumscribed development of inflammatory tissue, resembling a new growth. Although such a formation has been seen in chronic inflammation of the Fallopian tube, in the appendix it has not been reported to my knowledge. <h3>History.—</h3> Miss D., aged 47, was admitted to the surgical service of Dr. Henry Roth at Lebanon Hospital June 2, 1907. About one year before admission to the hospital she had an attack of acute appendicitis. Soon after this attack subsided she noticed a mass in the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. This gradually increased in size. She lost 20 pounds in weight in one year. Examination revealed a tumor occupying the entire lower right quadrant of the abdomen, extending up to the level of the umbilicus and about one or two inches beyond the median line. <h3>Operation.—</h3> This was performed by Dr. Henry
CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY: COMPARISON BETWEEN FLASH SPIRAL AND RETROSPECTIVE ECG GATING DUAL SOURCE TECHNIQUES
Authors: Monvadi Barbara Srichai-Parsia, Ruth P. Lim, Lorenzo Mannelli, Robert Donnino, Rajesh Hiralal, Corey K. Ho, James S. Babb, Jill E. Jacobs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Targets on non-communicable diseases need to be part of new millennium goals being designed for 2015
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Organisations working to combat non-communicable diseases worldwide say that the timetable for developing crucial targets “cannot afford to slip.”

Judith Watt, interim director of the Non-Communicable Disease Alliance, which represents non-governmental organisations and other civil groups, said it was vital that the World Health Organization fulfil its commitments this year to recommending voluntary global targets for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

“We were calling for targets to be agreed at the UN summit on NCDs [non-communicable diseases] in September 2011 [ BMJ 2011;343:d6034, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6034], but that didn’t happen. We can’t afford another delay,” she said.

In an interview with the BMJ Ms Watt said that agreement needed to be reached by the end …
Relation Between Volume of Exercise and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Steven J. Keteyian, Eric S. Leifer, Nancy Houston-Miller, William E. Kraus, Clinton A. Brawner, Christopher M. O’Connor, David J. Whellan, Lawton S. Cooper, Jerome L. Fleg, Dalane W. Kitzman, Alain Cohen-Solal, James A. Blumenthal, David S. Rendall, Ileana L. Piña
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Topical treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris with calcipotriol
Authors: P.C.M. KERKHOF, P.M. STEIJLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

From a clinical, histological and therapeutic point of view, psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris share important characteristics. Recently, calcipotriol has been shown to be an effective treatment in psoriasis, and we report three patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris who showed a favourable response to topical therapy with calcipotriol. In one case, analysis of markers for epidermal growth, differentiation and inflammation revealed reduction of suprabasal expression of keratin 16. and the number of T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. It is of interest that a reduction of the recruitment of cycling epidermal cells, which is a consistent response pattern during treatment of psoriasis, was not observed during treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris.
Endoscopic Placement of Expandable Metal Stents for Biliary Strictures - A Preliminary Report on Experience with 33 Patients
Authors: K. Huibregtse, J. Cheng, P. P. L. O. Coene, P. Fockens, G. N. J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The main problem with palliative treatment of extrahepatic cholestasis with an endoscopic biliary endoprosthesis is clogging. One of the factors thought to be of importance is the diameter of the stent. In order to avoid being limited by the size of the instrumentation channel of the endoscope, expandable stents have been developed. In this article we report on our preliminary clinical experience with an endoscopically placed expandable metal stent ("Wallstent") in 33 patients with extrahepatic bile duct stenoses. When fully expanded, the stent has a diameter of 30 F and a length of 6.7 cm. It was possible to successfully place a stent in every patient. Clinical improvement was achieved in all patients except one. Two patients underwent elective surgery, while one died of renal failure. Another died of septic shock after 5 weeks, but no autopsy was performed. In conclusion, our initial experience with this stent shows that at least in the short term biliary drainage was excellent, with no complications of pancreatitis or hemorrhage. Longer follow-up than our 4 weeks is necessary to establish the position of this stent in comparison with the conventional endoprosthesis in the management of obstructive jaundice.
PDF Cells Are a GABA-Responsive Wake-Promoting Component of the Drosophila Sleep Circuit
Authors: Katherine M. Parisky, Jose Agosto, Stefan R. Pulver, Yuhua Shang, Elena Kuklin, James J.L. Hodge, Keongjin Kang, Xu Liu, Paul A. Garrity, Michael Rosbash, Leslie C. Griffith
Journal: Neuron (2008)
In rheumatoid arthritis, a polymorphism in the HLA-G gene concurs in the clinical response to methotrexate treatment
Authors: O. R Baricordi, M. Govoni, R. Rizzo, F. Trotta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

We read with interest the editorial “Methotrexate pharmacogenomics” by Kremer, recently published in the Annals of Rheumatic Diseases .1 Several reports have proposed a fundamental role of the folate pathway in the clinical effects of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis, mainly due to genetic variations in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. The observations by Hughes et al of ethnic differences in the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MTHFR coding region suggest possible links between other specific genotypes and MTX response.2

We recently identified an association between …
Clinical and Metabolic Study in Diabetic Patients Treated with Glibenclamide
Authors: J. Anderson, R. Coulson, B. D. M. Grassick, B. A. Morris, W. D. Thomas, R. W. S. Tomlinson, F. Woodroffe
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A clinical and metabolic study of 32 patients treated with glibenclamide for a period of about one year confirmed that the drug is a potent stimulator of insulin release in maturity onset diabetes, and glibenclamide continued to have this action after a period of eight months. The drug is effective in doses as low as 2·5 mg., and the maximum effective dose is about 15 mg. No significant side-effects were found during the period of the study, in particular there was no alcohol flushing. The metabolic investigations have shown that the drug has some actions which are as yet unexplained.
The His-Purkinje electrocardiogram in man: an initial assessment of its uses and limitations.
Authors: E J Berbari, B J Scherlag, N El-Sherif, B Befeler, J M Aranda, R Lazzara
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A methodology is described for noninvasive recording of the electrical activity generated by the His-Purkinje system of man utilizing filtering, high amplification, and signal averaging. A waveform ranging between 1 and 10mu V was observed during the P-R segment. In many individuals, there was temporal overlap between the terminal P wave and the initial portion of the His-Purkinje waveform. In ten patients with long P-R intervals there was a strong correlation (r greater than 0.95) between the H-V time measured by electrode catheter and the duration of the His-Purkinje waveform. In two patients with atrial fibrillation the resultant His-Purkinje waveform was similar in morphology and duration to those observed in the ten patients. In each group H-V time was determined noninvasively and a waveform associated with electrical activation of the major portions of the His-Purkinje system was obtained.
The impact of gender on prognosis in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Jalal K. Ghali, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Kirkwood F. Adams, Steven Goldman, Steven S. Khan, Mary A. Peberdy, Yves D. Rosenberg, Clyde W. Yancy, James B. Young, JoAnn Lindenfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Intravenous naloxone in acute respiratory failure.
Authors: J Ayres, J Rees, T Lee, G M Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A 58-year-old man presented with acute on chronic respiratory failure. In the acute stage of his illness an infusion of the opiate antagonist naloxone caused an improvement in oxygen saturation as measured by ear oximetry from 74% to 85%, while a saline infusion resulted in a return of oxygen saturation to the original value. When he had recovered from the acute episode the same dose of naloxone had no effect on oxygen saturation. These findings suggest that in acute respiratory failure there may be overproduction of, or increased sensitivity to, endorphins.
Verapamil prevents slowing of transmural conduction and suppresses arrhythmias in an isolated guinea pig ventricular model of ischemia and reperfusion.
Authors: G R Li, G R Ferrier
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Transmembrane electrical activity was recorded from endocardium and epicardium of isolated segments of guinea pig right ventricular free walls. An electrocardiogram was recorded by electrodes at opposite ends of the tissue bath. Endocardium was stimulated. Tissues were exposed to "ischemic" conditions (e.g., acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and lactate) for 15 minutes and then were reperfused with "normal" Tyrode's solution. Arrhythmias with characteristics of transmural reentry occurred in ischemic conditions and early reperfusion in 30% and 70% of 20 control hearts, respectively. Arrhythmias were associated with prolongation of transmural conduction time (CT) and abbreviation of endocardial effective refractory period. Verapamil significantly suppressed reperfusion arrhythmias at 0.1-1.0 microM but not at 3.0 microM. Verapamil also significantly decreased the incidence of arrhythmias during ischemic conditions at 0.5 microM but significantly promoted ischemic arrhythmias at 3.0 microM. Action potential duration and effective refractory period were not altered by verapamil during ischemic conditions or reperfusion. However, at 0.1-1.0 microM, verapamil prevented or attenuated prolongation of transmural CT by ischemic conditions and reperfusion. Transmural CT was further prolonged at 3 microM verapamil. In epicardial slices, 1 microM verapamil shortened CT transverse to fiber orientation during reperfusion but had no effect on longitudinal CT. Our results indicate that verapamil may suppress arrhythmias through differential effects on CT transverse and longitudinal to fiber orientation in anisotropic ventricular tissues and thus by specifically improving transmural conduction.
The Spleen as a Filter
Authors: Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In this issue of the Journal, Looareesuwan et al. describe alterations in the function of the spleen in the course of malaria.1 Such a report could not have been written until quite recently, because although the spleen was known to the ancients, its function remained mysterious. Hippocrates thought it was the source of "black bile." Because of its spongy nature, Galen thought it was a filter whose purpose was to purify the humors derived from the liver or from the blood.2 He recognized the relation between splenomegaly and jaundice and ascribed the increase in the size of the spleen . . .
An erythroid chaperone that facilitates folding of α-globin subunits for hemoglobin synthesis
Authors: Xiang Yu, Yi Kong, Louis C. Dore, Osheiza Abdulmalik, Anne M. Katein, Suiping Zhou, John K. Choi, David Gell, Joel P. Mackay, Andrew J. Gow, Mitchell J. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Erythrocyte precursors produce abundant α- and β-globin proteins, which assemble with each other to form hemoglobin A (HbA), the major blood oxygen carrier. αHb-stabilizing protein (AHSP) binds free α subunits reversibly to maintain their structure and limit their ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, loss of AHSP aggravates the toxicity of excessive free α-globin caused by β-globin gene disruption in mice. Surprisingly, we found that AHSP also has important functions when free α-globin is limited. Thus, compound mutants lacking both Ahsp and 1 of 4 α-globin genes (genotype Ahsp–/–α-globin*α/αα) exhibited more severe anemia and Hb instability than mice with either mutation alone. In vitro, recombinant AHSP promoted folding of newly translated α-globin, enhanced its refolding after denaturation, and facilitated its incorporation into HbA. Moreover, in erythroid precursors, newly formed free α-globin was destabilized by loss of AHSP. Therefore, in addition to its previously defined role in detoxification of excess α-globin, AHSP also acts as a molecular chaperone to stabilize nascent α-globin for HbA assembly. Our findings illustrate what we believe to be a novel adaptive mechanism by which a specialized cell coordinates high-level production of a multisubunit protein and protects against various synthetic imbalances.