tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treat elderly people with dignity, trusts warned
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2007)

NHS trusts in the United Kingdom must ensure that older people are given care in a way that respects their dignity, and trusts will face spot checks where there is evidence for concern, the healthcare watchdog for England has warned.

The Healthcare Commission compiled a report from assessments at 23 NHS hospitals, surveys of 80 000 NHS inpatients, and nearly 130 000 NHS staff, the commission's analysis of 10 000 complaints, and information on safety incidents from the National Patient Safety Agency.

The 23 hospitals inspected were chosen because of concerns about levels of care. Although no serious breaches of government standards were found, only five of the trusts were found to have fully complied with all the standards relating to dignity, privacy, and nutrition.

Eight trusts were given letters warning them that they …
AN UNUSUAL OVARIAN TUMOR CONTAINING AN ESTROGENIC HORMONE
Authors: Samuel H. Geist
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Löffler and Priesel<sup>1</sup>have described a group of six tumors which, because of well defined morphologic characteristics, they concluded arose from cells in the ovarian stroma, representing the forerunners of the theca interna cells. More recently Melnick and Kanter<sup>2</sup>reported two additional cases and suggested, on hypothetical grounds, that these tumors contained an estrogenic hormone. These tumors occur most commonly in the postmenopause and are associated with atypical uterine bleeding. The latter symptom was believed to be due to the hormone activity of the tumor. In a later publication this tumor group will be more extensively discussed, but at the present we report a case of this type, the ninth case to be recorded and the first in which an estrogenic hormone was demonstrated in the actual tumor tissue. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. J. H., aged 21, had been married four years and never been pregnant.
Educational performance in twins
Authors: Ian J Deary
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Is no different from that seen in singletons by adolescence 

In this week's BMJ , Christensen and colleagues1 investigate two questions that are of popular and medical-scientific interest. Firstly, do twins have lower intellectual skills and educational achievements than singletons and, secondly, is birth weight associated with intellectual and educational performance? The authors look at the second question in both twins and singletons. They also open up the question of the link between intelligence and education, because the main comparator studies used IQ-type outcomes rather than educational performance.2 3 

The study uses the Danish registration system linked with the Danish demographic database, the national hospital discharge register, the register of compulsory school completion assessments and test scores, and the Danish twin registry. They therefore had data on standard national educational outcomes, birth weights, and other demographic and parental variables for the entire relevant population of twins, and for a large representative sample of the comparable population of singletons. 

Firstly, do twins have lower intellectual skills and educational achievements? Three recent studies of large samples of Scottish children born between 1921 and the 1950s strongly suggest they do. …
Abstract 2490: The flavonoid quercetin interferes with the activity of anti-microtubule drugs
Authors: Temesgen Samuel, Khalda Fadlalla, Timothy Turner, Teshome Yehualaeshet
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dietary compounds with anticancer properties such as polyphenols are intensively studied for their chemopreventive or therapeutic potentials. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with anticancer properties and is abundantly available in fruits and green vegetables. In this study, we examined the effects of quercetin on the cell cycle, viability and proliferation of colorectal and prostate cancer cells, either singly or in combination with the microtubule targeting drugs taxol or nocodazole. Quercetin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner in both HCT116 colorectal and PPC1 prostate cancer cells. However, unexpectedly, combination treatment of the cells with 50µM or lower quercetin and taxol or nocodazole neutralized the ability of both drugs to induce G2/M arrest and to decrease cell viability. BrdU incorporation was inhibited by quercetin or quercetin-drug combination treatment of cells, but the microtubule targeting of taxol or nocodazole was not inhibited. Moreover, colony formation by both wild type and p53-null HCT116 colorectal cancer cells was inhibited by the same dose of quercetin that neutralized G2/M arrest by Taxol and nocodazole, suggesting a p53-independent effect. We conclude that while quercetin by itself may reduce cell proliferation and survival, in the short-term, the interference of quercetin with cell cycle progression diminishes the ability of taxol and nocodazole to arrest cells at G2/M. Our study adds microtubule targeting drugs to the list of anticancer drugs the activity of which might be antagonized by flavonoids such as quercetin. Further studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of interactions between anticancer drugs and polyphenolic dietary components or supplements, and how these interactions may influence outcomes of cancer therapy, survivorship or recurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2490.
Regular drinking might explain the French paradox
Authors: Raghav Chawla
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Drinking some alcohol every day is safer than having a week's worth in one go, alcohol specialists said at a meeting in London last week. The beneficial effects of a daily glass of wine may explain why French men and women can eat a diet high in fat yet have less heart disease than populations who eat more healthily.

Binge drinking, especially among younger people, is becoming an increasing public concern because it can lead to traffic injuries, violence, and unwanted sex, said Professor Morten Gronbaek, director of the Centre for Alcohol Research in Copenhagen, Denmark. …
Association between C-reactive protein and features of the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
Authors: M Fröhlich, A Imhof, G Berg, W L Hutchinson, M B Pepys, H Boeing, R Muche, H Brenner, W Koenig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of circulating levels of C-reactive protein, a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, with different components of the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, BMI , and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were assessed in 747 men and 956 women aged 18-89 years who were participating in the population-based National Health and Nutrition Survey, which was carried out in former West Germany in 1987-1988. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive crude correlation between C-reactive protein and TC (R = 0.19), TG (R = 0.29), BMI (R = 0.32), glucose (R = 0.11), and uric acid (R = 0.14) (all P &amp;lt; 0.0001). A negative correlation was found between C-reactive protein and HDL cholesterol (R = 0.13, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The age-adjusted geometric means of C-reactive protein concentrations in subjects grouped according to the presence of 0-1, 2-3, and &amp;gt; or =4 features of the metabolic syndrome were 1.11, 1.27, and 2.16 mg/l, respectively, with a statistically highly significant trend (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that a variety of features of the metabolic syndrome are associated with a systemic inflammatory response.
Health needs assessment: Whose priorities? Listening to users and the public
Authors: J. Jordan, T. Dowswell, S. Harrison, R. J Lilford, M. Mort
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the fifth in a series of six articles describing approaches to and topics for health needs assessment, and how the results can be used effectively. Series editor: John Wright

External inputs to health needs assessment and the prioritisation of health services may be seen as one means of addressing the “democratic deficit” in the NHS. Such external inputs can be discussed on three levels. The first concerns the formal governance arrangements of the service and encompasses questions about electing health authority members and transferring the NHS purchasing function to local government authorities 1 2; it is not discussed further here. The second level of input may be characterised by arrangements for consultation with the general public, whether or not they happen to be current patients or users. The third level concerns the consultation of current users about needs and priorities. The importance of these two levels was recently recognised in a new white paper.3

#### Summary points

Although health authorities have increased local consultation, its quality remains dubious, with greatest emphasis on one-off consultation exercises

Information gained through public consultation may either be marginalised or incorporated according to professional priorities

It is important to acknowledge limitations to professional knowledge as well as to respond to inequalities in health; through citizens' juries, user consultation panels, focus groups, questionnaire surveys, and opinion surveys, local knowledge can be used to effect such a response

There is scope for greater local involvement in decision making

Changes to the organisation and funding of primary care are vital if effective involvement is to be sustained

The nature and extent of public involvement in determining health needs has increased, but the quality of consultation remains questionable. 4 5 Some health authorities have established ongoing consultation procedures, including citizens' juries, large scale postal panels, and smaller face …
Quinin-and-Urea Hydrochlorid in Malaria.
Authors: Solomon Solis-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, June 28, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the demonstrations which, following the recent meeting of the American Medical Association, I gave to visiting members, in the medical ward at Jefferson Hospital, I had the opportunity to illustrate the treatment of malarial fever by hypodermic injections of quinin-and-urea hydro-chlorid. The patient was a young man with double tertian infection. The injection was made shortly after a paroxysm. According to prediction a paroxysm appeared on the succeeding day, but there were no further paroxysms for six and three-fourths and thirteen and one-half days respectively, although organisms were found in the peripheral blood (also according to prediction) on the fifth and twelfth days respectively, having been absent in the meanwhile. I have made this demonstration repeatedy in my public clinics at the Philadelphia Hospital, and published it occasionally,<sup>1</sup>during the last fifteen or sixteen years. My object in now publishing it
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?THE ACTION OF THE CHICAGO GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Authors: Bayard Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The following resolutions, formulated by a committee appointed at a preceding meeting, were adopted by the Chicago Gynecological Society February 20, 1891: Whereas, There is a disposition on the part of a portion of the Board of Trustees ofThe Journal of the American Medical Associationto moveThe Journalfrom its present place of publication, Chicago, to Washington, D. C., and Whereas, The Board of Trustees invites a free discussion in the columns ofThe Journal, with a free expression of opinion from societies and individuals, be it therefore <i>Resolved</i>, That it is the opinion of the Chicago Gynecological Society, that any change in the place of publication ofThe Journal, at this time, will be detrimental to the interests ofThe Journalas well as to those of the Association, and be it further <i>Resolved</i>, That the delegates elected from this Society to the next meeting of the
Intractable, and here's why
Authors: M. K. Chattopadhyay, H.-P. Grossart
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Although the imprudent use of antibiotics is considered to be a major reason behind the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance,1 bacteria isolated from pristine environments show substantial tolerance to antibiotics. For example, bacterial strains from several genera isolated from different samples from the Antarctic (soil, fast ice, cyanobacterial material) and tested at the Centre for Molecular …
Interstitial Pneumonia from Mitomycin
Authors: ERIC S. ORWOLL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Pulmonary disease has been associated with several chemotherapeutic agents but has not been reported in patients receiving the alkylating agent mitomycin (Mutamycin®). We describe here the cases of three patients who developed interstitial pneumonia while receiving mitomycin therapy. Their clinical features included dyspnea, cough, and occasionally fever; reticular infiltrates were seen on chest roentgenogram. Histologically, diffuse alveolar septal edema, mononuclear-cell interstitial infiltrates, hypertrophy of alveolar lining cells, and alveolar septal collagen deposition were characteristic. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with a rapid therapeutic response in all three patients.
INTUSSUSCEPTION DUE TO POLYPUS OF SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: E. C. Bevers
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THU BUITE 527 respiratory passages are rendered acid a medium is formed which is inimicable to microbial growth.Note on Inmmunity from Second Atack.Navy.-Of 324 cases in patrol in the July epidemic, 2 had return attacks in the October-November ePidemie.Army.-A company of Royal Garrison Artillery had 25 cases in July.None of these were attaeked in the October-November epidemic.In a battalion: Of 21 cases of the July epidemic traced none were attaoked EI that of Oetober-November.N.E.Worke.-FromJuly 10th to 23rd, 73 males and 59 females were attacked; from October 16th to 29th, 29 males and 61 females.Two males an# four females were attacked in both epidemics.
Possible Use of Vitamins C And/or E in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Authors: John A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The current interest in therapeutic vitamin supplementation has produced a confused picture with respect to porphyria. As noted by Mustajoki inThe Journal(221:714, 1972), the results of vitamin E therapy are contradictory. Thus, his group observed no clinical improvement in four patients with acute intermittent porphyria and one with variegate porphyria; whereas Nair et al<sup>1</sup>reported the successful use of vitamin E in porphyria. Ludwig<sup>2</sup>detected low tocopherol levels in persons with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and observed that the vitamin inhibited the in vitro photohemolysis of their red cells. This disease (EPP) is a good model for evaluating therapeutic agents, because it provides a sensitive in vivo criterion of efficacy (prevention of sunlight photosensitivity) as well as an in vitro standard (inhibition of erythrocyte photohemolysis). Provitamin A (β-carotene) has been employed successfully in EPP patients by Mathews-Roth et al.<sup>3</sup>Although the rationale for
GENERAL INFECTION WITH A DIPHTHEROID BACILLUS COMPLICATED BY DIPHTHEROID MENINGITIS
Authors: LEO KESSEL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Diphtheroid bacilli are often found in the healthy mouth and pharynx. They also occur frequently on the skin and can be isolated from the nose and urogenital tract. They are ubiquitous saprophytes which only occasionally become pathogenic for man.  General infections caused by the diphtheroid bacilli in man are not common. Occasional cases have been reported in the literature. Schottmuller1observed an anaerobic diphtheroid organism in cases of puerperal sepsis, and in otogenic bacteremias. There have been a few instances associated with both the acute and the more chronic forms of endocarditis,2in which the diphtheroid organisms were isolated from the crushings of the vegetation from the valves. In various other infections, such as empyema,3gangrene of an extremity,4severe sore throat and vaginitis,5in which diphtheroid organisms were isolated from the infected areas, the bacillus was also isolated from the blood stream. Aside from
Abstract 4247: MicroRNA profile of the human colonic crypt base region is predictive of colon cancer
Authors: Sepehr Sedigh Haghighat, Vignesh Viswanathan, Lynn Opdenaker, Greg Gonye, Tao Zhang, Bruce M. Boman, Nicholas J. Petrelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dysregulation of crypt cell proliferation and differentiation has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is believed that human colonic crypt renewal involves programmed cellular proliferation initiated by a few (6-8) stem cells residing at or near the bottom of the crypt, and that stem cell (SC) overpopulation may be the key to CRC initiation. As part of our investigation of regulatory factors involved in the stem cell origin of CRC, we investigated the role that microRNAs (miRNAs) might play in colon carcinogenesis. miRNAs are RNAs 20-24 nucleotides long that were recently shown to modulate many cellular signaling pathways through post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and thus protein synthesis. Our previous microarray analysis (368 gene chip) showed increased expression of 37 miRNAs in CRCs compared to normal colonic epithelium. Here we further evaluated miRNA expression in CRC versus purified colonic epithelium by quantitative PCR (QPCR). Total RNA was immediately isolated from tissue by the TrizolTM method. RNA was transcribed into first-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) through reverse transcription (RT). cDNA was then amplified through QPCR. Statistical analysis and plots of expression data for miRNAs were done to find miRNA genes that are differentially expressed. We found, using QPCR, five miRNAs to be differentially expressed in CRCs versus normal colonic epithelium including mir-25 and mir-198. Profiling of purified colonic crypt subregions showed that a distinct signature involving 16 differentially expressed miRNAs characterizes the crypt bottom. This miRNA signature of the crypt bottom was found to be predictive of CRC. Out of the sixteen, three miRNAs (mir-206, mir- 7 and mir-25) were independently capable to distinguish colorectal tissue from normal colonic epithelia (p&amp;lt;0.01). Because this subset of miRNAs is differentially expressed in the crypt bottom, where SC resides, they may be involved in regulating SC population dynamics and contribute to the SC origin of CRC. Further identification and characterization of miRNAs expressed specifically in SC and changes in their expression in CRCs will provide important information to help understand mechanisms of colon tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4247.
The Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer by 2-deoxy-2-F-18 Fluoro-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (F-18 FDG PET)
Authors: Mohab Alexander, James Robert Bra??i??
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

FDG PET plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with esophageal carcinoma. A 67-year-old man, who presented with dysphagia, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, anergia, and weight loss, underwent Tc-99m bone scan, CT, and FDG PET imaging. The bone scan and CT were consistent with a malignancy. Whole-body FDG PET demonstrated multiple metastases in various locations and helped the treating physicians to institute appropriate therapy. The identification of metastases by FDG PET is a critical component of the initial evaluation of a patient with esophageal carcinoma for the diagnosis and treatment of the primary malignancy and metastases.
Intraoperative Localization of Jejunal Bleeding Due to Dieulafoy's Disease Using Tc-99m RBC
Authors: JEAN-FRANCOIS H. GESCHWIND, DAVID C. PRICE, JEANNE LABERGE, SEAN J. MULVIHILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 73-year-old man who had two previously unsuccessful ileal resections for gastrointestinal bleeding thought to be due to multiple angiodysplastic lesions again presented with acute bleeding. Results of Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy were positive, but those of celiac angiography were negative. The patient underwent laparotomy with portable intraoperative Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy, showing localization of the bleeding site to a specific segment of jejunum, which was further confirmed by evacuation and repeated imaging. Resection of that segment of jejunum was further confirmed by evidence of a bleeding submucosal artery (Dieulafoy's disease). No further bleeding occurred during operation or afterward. Portable intraoperative Tc-99m scintigraphy should be considered in managing patients with problematic gastrointestinal bleeding.
Consensus Report Highlights Incontinence
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

AS MANY AS 25% OF ADULTS WILL experience urinary or fecal incontinence in their lifetime, yet more than half will go untreated despite the availability of interventions to address these disorders, according to a consensus report published by the National Institutes of Health in December. In addition to having a devastating effect on individuals’ personal lives, these conditions have a huge economic impact, with the cost of urinary incontinence alone estimated to be about $20 billion in 2000. The stigma associated with being unable to control one’s bladder or bowels often leads persons with these conditions to limit their activities and withdraw from their loved ones, rather than seek treatment. Yet, if asked, most individuals will report their problems to their physician, according to the report (http://consensus.nih.gov/2007 /IncontinenceStatementDRAFT121207 .pdf). Primary care physicians therefore have a key role to play in reducing the burden of theses conditions, the panel concluded. Physicians are urged to ask questions about patients’ bowel and urinary tract function as part of routine care. The panel advises physicians to focus on questions about the frequency and volume of urination or bowel movements, assess whether patients are distressed by their symptoms, and determine if the patient would like to pursue treatment, which may include surgery for urinary incontinence or biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence.
The REF and UK academic medicine
Authors: D. G. Fogarty
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In a recent analysis,1 retracted fraudulent papers were found to be more likely than retracted erroneous ones to be authored by repeat offenders, to be published in higher impact factor journals, and to come from US institutions. Tavare’s review summarises responses to misconduct from countries (including the US) where research fraud is mainly regulated by institutions.2 Such an …
THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN DISEASES IN A NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL DERMATOLOGICAL CLINIC.
Authors: ALAN B. SHRANK, R. R. M. HARMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN DISEASES IN A NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL DERMATOLOGICAL CLINIC. Get access ALAN B. SHRANK, ALAN B. SHRANK Lecturers in Dermatology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. R. M. HARMAN R. R. M. HARMAN Lecturers in Dermatology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 235–241, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12213.x Published: 01 April 1966