tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Germ-Cell Testicular Cancer in Adults
Authors: Elwin E. Fraley, Paul H. Lange, B. J. Kennedy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

(First of Two Parts)THIS review is warranted by the recent progress in understanding and treating testicular cancer. For example, it has been established that nearly all these cancers originate in the germ cells. Another important advance has been the development of radioimmunoassays for the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin. Operative therapy and new drugs and drug combinations have improved the chances of survival for patients with all but the most advanced stages of the disease. There is every reason to believe that the information now being acquired will lead to a better understanding of these cancers and of . . .
Benign Breast Disease — The Risks of Communicating Risk
Authors: Joann G. Elmore, Gerd Gigerenzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The term "risk" appears in the title of more than 10,000 medical articles published in 2004 (2 percent of the total) — nine times as many as appeared in 1975. In this issue of the Journal, the article by Hartmann et al. on benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer1 continues the trend, as does this editorial. Hartmann et al. studied a cohort of women who had a benign breast lesion and found that the histologic appearance of the initial biopsy specimen was associated with the risk of breast cancer. As compared with women in the general population, . . .
Time on our hands: How gesture and the understanding of the past and future helped shape language
Authors: Michael C. Corballis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Recognising that signed languages are true languages adds to the variety of forms that languages can take. Such recognition also allows one to differentiate those aspects of language that depend on the medium (voiced or signed) from those that depend on more cognitive aspects. At least some aspects of language, such as symbolic representation, time markers, and generativity, may derive from the communication of the products of mental time travel, and from the sharing of remembered past and planned future episodes.
Introduction of universal human papillomavirus vaccination of girls aged 11 years to the National Immunization Program in Brazil: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hillegonda M D Novaes, Gulnar Azevedo e Silva, Alexander Itria, Cristina H Rama, Ana M Sartori, Patrícia Coelho de Soárez, Andrew Clark, Stephen Resch
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Letter: Community medicine--a disclaimer.
Authors: K Vickery
Journal: BMJ (1974)

and a control treatment group.This will not mask a drug effect in a treatment group but will permit a more precise estimate of the number of patients in whom the symptom is due to a particular drug.How can the standardization of symptom reporting be achieved?In my opinion the doctor must not ask verbal auestions but should devise a questionnaire which is completed by the patient.He must ensure that the written questions are understood by the patients, that the questions are completed, and that the questionnaire is returned by a high proportion of patients.Similarly, in a non-treated group the repeatability of the answers (positive or negative) should be tested.Continuing the example above, a self- administered questionnaire found that 56% of patients on methyldopa complained of sleepiness3 against 31% in the general population.4By using such questionnaires the results should be reproducible and the side effects of new therapeutic agents (when evaluated by the same technioues) may be referred back to the known and validated control data.-Iam, etc.,
Randomized Controlled Study Investigating the Effect of Biatrial Pacing in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: T. Levy, G. Fotopoulos, S. Walker, S. Rex, M. Octave, V. Paul, M. Amrani
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common problem after CABG. Prevention with prophylactic drug therapy has had limited success, therefore alternative approaches are required. This study investigated the role of biatrial pacing compared with no pacing on AF incidence after isolated first-time CABG. Methods and Results —During surgery, temporary pacing leads were placed in the lateral wall of the right atrium and at the roof of the left atrium in Bachmann’s bundle to allow bipolar pacing and sensing at each site. After surgery, all patients were connected to an external pacemaker (Chorum ELA) that also acted as a Holter monitor. Patients were consecutively randomized to either 4 days of biatrial pacing at a base rate of 80 bpm or to no pacing (control group, base rate 30 bpm). End points included an episode of AF lasting &gt;1 hour on pacemaker Holter, clinically detected AF, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and postoperative complications. One hundred thirty patients were randomized. Biatrial pacing significantly reduced both monitored (13.8% versus 38.5%, P =0.001) and clinical (10.8% versus 33.8%, P =0.002) episodes of AF. Median ICU (19 versus 24 hours, P =NS) and mean hospital stay (7.7±6.9 versus 9.7±10, P =NS) did not significantly change. The number of postoperative complications was lower in the biatrial group (13 versus 35, P =0.001). Conclusions —Biatrial pacing after CABG significantly decreases the incidence of AF. This is associated with reduced postoperative complications and a trend toward reduced ICU and hospital stay.
Association of Complement Factor H Y402H Gene Polymorphism with Different Subtypes of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Beate J. Wegscheider, Martin Weger, Wilfried Renner, Iris Steinbrugger, Winfried März, Georg Mossböck, Werner Temmel, Yosuf El-Shabrawi, Otto Schmut, Renate Jahrbacher, Anton Haas
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
IMPACT OF THROMBECTOMY WITH EXPORT CATHETER IN INFARCT RELATED ARTERY DURING PRIMARY PCI ON PROCEDURAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH AMI (EXPIRA TRIAL).THE IMPORTANCE OF THROMBECTOMY ON DES IMPLANTATION CLINICAL OUTCOME SUBSTUDY.
Authors: Gennaro Sardella, Massimo Mancone, Emanuele Canali, Luigi Lucisano, Rocco Stio, Giulia Benedetti, Angelo Di Roma, Luciano Agati, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Positive Predictive Value of Screening Mammography by Age and Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Karla Kerlikowske
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of low-cost screening mammography according to age and family history of breast cancer.Cross-sectional.Six counties in northern California.A total of 31,814 women aged 30 years and older referred for mammography to the University of California, San Francisco, Mobile Mammography Screening Program from April 18, 1985, through November 20, 1992.Breast cancer risk profile, two standard mammographic views per breast, and follow-up of abnormal screening examinations.Although women aged 50 years or older constituted only 38.3% of all women who received first-screening mammography, 74% of breast cancers were detected in this group. Ten cancers were diagnosed per 1000 first-screening examinations in women aged 50 years or older, with 14.8 diagnostic procedures per cancer diagnosed compared with two cancers per 1000 screening examinations and 48.3 diagnostic tests per cancer diagnosed in women younger than 50 years. The PPV of first-screening mammography (number of breast cancers detected per abnormal examination) increased with age: .03 for those aged 30 to 39 years; .04 for those aged 40 to 49; .09 for those aged 50 to 59; .17 for those aged 60 to 69; and .19 for those aged 70 years or older (chi 2 for trend, P < .001). Women aged 50 to 59 years had a higher PPV for first-screening mammography than women aged 40 to 49 years (.09 vs. .04; P = .004), and women with a family history of breast cancer had higher PPVs compared with women without history (40 to 49 years of age, .13 vs .04, P = .01; and 50 to 59 years of age, .22 vs .09, P = .01).Five times as many cancers per 1000 first-screening mammographic examinations were diagnosed in women aged 50 years or older compared with women aged less than 50 years. The highest PPVs for mammography were in women aged 50 years or older and in women aged 40 years or older with a family history of breast cancer. Efforts to promote screening mammography should focus on women in these groups, in whom the majority of breast cancers occur and for whom mammography has the highest PPVs.
Abstract 1462: Anti-metastasis effect of novel ALK5 inhibitor in both breast cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and 4T1 xenograft mice <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Jee Son, Eun Yoon, Dae-Kee Kim, Yhun Y. Sheen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have synthesized novel ALK5 inhibitors and investigated their effects of on breast cancer cells as well as tumor bearing MMTV/cNeu transgenic mice and 4T1 orthopathologically xenograft balbC mice. The treatment of ALK5 inhibitors into breast tumor bearing MMTV/cNeu transgenic mice and orthotopically injected mice inhibited the numbers of nodules in the lung compared to that of untreated animal. The level of ß-casein in the lung of the breast tumor bearing MMTV/cNeu transgenic mice and 4T1 orthotopically xenograft mice were decreased by ALK5 inhibitor treatment. Zymogragh showed that the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased in the lung and breast tumor of ALK5 inhibitors treated breast tumor bearing MMTV/cNeu transgenic mice and 4T1 orthotopically xenograft mice. The action mechanisms of new ALK5 inhibitors were investigated in both breast cancer cells and breast cancer mice model. TGFß signaling, phosphorylated smad2/3 based from the western blot analysis in vitro and in vivo as well as confocal microscopic analysis in vitro was decreased by ALK5 inhibitors. And also, new ALK5 inhibitors inhibited the TGFß action on wound healing and cell invasion based on wound healing assay and invasion assay. This data strongly argue that ALK5 inhibitors have anti-metastasis effects via inhibiting ALK5 activity in vivo and in vitro. In order to gain further insight into the mechanism of ALK5 inhibitor, we have carried out experiment to examine the effects of ALK5 inhibitor in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell. TGFß stimulated mesenchymal markers of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as Snail, TWIST, N-cadherin and these were inhibited by ALK5 inhibitor concomitant treatment. Also, TGFß increased tumor invasion markers such as MMP2, and MMP9 which were inhibited by ALK5 inhibitor concomitant treatment. In summary, ALK5 inhibitors have anti-metastatic effect on human breast cancer cells as well as tumor bearing MMTV/cNeu transgenic mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1462. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1462
Measuring performance or balancing the budget.
Authors: D J Jolley, S M Benbow, R C Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In this scheme a "new" NHS built from the skill and experience of the old one for major conditions and an independent health service for routine conditions would be entirely complementary to each other.Margaret Thatcher has the op- portunity, ability, and courage to implement this sort of radical surgery before health care in Britain becomes an incurable lost cause, both for those delivering it and, even worse, for those needing it.
Choleretic effect of valproic acid in the rat
Authors: John B. Watkins, Curtis D. Klaassen
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant agent which produced marked choleresis in the rat. Bile flow rate increased from 50 to 60 μl per min per kg to 120 to 145 μl per min per kg immediately after i.v. injection of VPA (37.5 to 150 mg per kg; 2 ml per kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The duration of maximal bile flow was dose-dependent and increased from 30 min (37.5 mg VPA per kg) to approximately 2 hr (150 mg VPA per kg). Choleresis diluted the biliary concentrations of bile acids, Cl − , cholesterol, and phospholipids. VPA did not change the bile/plasma ratio for erythritol suggesting that the increased bile flow is of canalicular origin. VPA did not influence the excretion of bile acids or their osmotic activity, whereas bile salt-independent flow doubled in rats treated with 150 mg VPA per kg. The bile/plasma, bile/liver, and liver/plasma concentration ratios for VPA were 11.7, 1.6, and 7.3, respectively. Approximately 90% of VPA appearing in bile was biotransformed, primarily as a glucuronide. Bile flow correlated with VPA excretion; 16 μl of bile was produced per μmole VPA which suggests that choleresis is primarily due to the osmotic activity of VPA metabolites in bile. VPA enhanced the excretion of inorganic ions which may also contribute to choleresis. Biliary excretion of phenol-3,6-dibromophthalein disulfonate and ouabain was unaffected. Thus, VPA is an effective choleretic which stimulates bile salt-independent flow of canalicular origin largely as a consequence of the osmotic properties of VPA conjugates in bile.
The δ agent: HBsAg particles with δ antigen and RNA in the serum of an HBV carrier
Authors: Ferruccio Bonino, Bill Hoyer, Eugenie Ford, Wai-Kuo J. Shih, Robert H. Purcell, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The hepatitis B virus-associated delta antigen was detected in the serum of a young female drug addict with acute hepatitis and a previous history of hepatitis B surface antigen carrier. Delta antigen was associated with a 35- to 37-nm subpopulation of hepatitis B surface antigen particles which banded at a density of 1.25 gm per cm 3 of CsCl and contained a small RNA of approximately 5.5 × 10 5 molecular weight. This report demonstrates that delta antigen is associated with a unique subpopulation of hepatitis B surface antigen particles and small RNA in human serum.
Comparison of oestradiol and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the unfavourable cervix
Authors: J. McGarry
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The study of cervical ripening following the use of estradiol and prostaglandin E2 (February 28 p. 679) could not possibly reach any conclusion supported by evidence.  60 patients is an inadequate number uterine function in primigravidas and multiparas has more differences than similarities and the success rate of artificial rupture of membranes followed by administration of oxytocin is in any event so high that it is not a proper test to apply to the question of cervical ripening.  At least some of your readers are bound to consider that a 25% cesarean section rate (15 out of 60) would be a better subject for critical review of the obstetric practices of the department concerned.  (Full Text)
Nonmenstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: ARTHUR L. REINGOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

One hundred and thirty cases of toxic shock syndrome not associated with menstruation have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control, including 57 with onset in 1981 (12% of reported cases in 1981). These cases show that the syndrome occurs in a wide range of clinical settings and is associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections at a variety of sites: focal cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, surgical-wound infections, postpartum infections, adenitis, bursitis, deep abscesses, and "primary" bacteremia. Although the clinical characteristics of nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome are identical to those for menstrual toxic shock syndrome, the epidemiologic and demographic features are different. Of particular interest is the contrast in the racial distribution of the menstrual and nonmenstrual cases. Toxic shock syndrome can occur in persons of any age, race, or sex and must be considered in the differential diagnosis for any patient with a compatible illness.
Gene expression overlap affects karyotype prediction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S B Martin, M P Mosquera-Caro, J W Potter, G S Davidson, E Andries, H Kang, P Helman, R L Veroff, S R Atlas, M Murphy, X Wang, K Ar, Y Xu, I-M Chen, F A Schultz, C S Wilson, R Harvey, E Bedrick, J Shuster, A J Carroll, B Camitta, C L Willman
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Surgically Related Extravasation of Urine Detected on Bone Scan
Authors: Vijay Dhawan, John J. Sziklas, Richard P. Spencer, Ira J. Gordon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

DHAWAN, VIJAY M.D.; SZIKLAS, JOHN J. M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D. PhD.; GORDON, IRA J. M.D. Author Information
Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma
Authors: S. Greenberger, J. Bischoff
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma Get access S. Greenberger, S. Greenberger The Department of Dermatology Sheba Medical Center Ramat‐Gan 52621 Israel Correspondence Joyce Bischoff and Shoshana Greenberger. E‐mails: joyce.bischoff@childrens.harvard.edu; Shoshana.Greenberger@sheba.health.gov.il Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Bischoff J. Bischoff Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA 02115 U.S.ADepartment of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 U.S.A Correspondence Joyce Bischoff and Shoshana Greenberger. E‐mails: joyce.bischoff@childrens.harvard.edu; Shoshana.Greenberger@sheba.health.gov.il Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 1, 1 July 2013, Pages 12–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12435 Published: 01 July 2013
Evidence that the Severity of Depletion of Inorganic Phosphate Determines the Severity of the Disturbance of Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism in the Liver and Renal Cortex of the Fructose-Loaded Rat
Authors: R. Curtis Morris, Kathleen Nigon, Elizabeth B. Reed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To test the hypothesis that in both the liver and renal cortex of the fructose-loaded rat, severity of depletion of inorganic phosphate (Pi), and not the magnitude of accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate (F-1-P), determines the severity of the dose-dependent reduction of ATP, we intraperitoneally injected fed rats with fructose, 20 and 40 μmol/g, alone, and at the higher load, in combination with (a) sodium phosphate, 20 μmol/g, administered shortly beforehand or subsequently or, (b) adenosine, 2 μmol/g, administered beforehand. The following observations were made: (a) With fructose loading alone, at the higher load, both Pi and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) were reduced by one third in the renal cortex and (as previously observed) by two thirds in the liver; and at either load, the reduction of ATP (and TAN) and the accumulation of F-1-P were less severe in the renal cortex than in the liver. (b) Prior phosphate loading largely prevented the reductions of ATP and TAN in the renal cortex and significantly attenuated them in the liver, yet doubled the renal cortical accumulation of F-1-P. (c) Adenosine loading substantially attenuated the reductions of ATP, TAN, and Pi only in the renal cortex. (d) ATP varied directly with Pi (P < 0.001, r = 0.98) in the domain of control and reduced values of Pi taken from both liver and renal cortex. (e) As judged from tissue and plasma concentrations of fructose and glucose, and tissue concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, the rate at which the renal cortex and liver converted fructose to glucose was much lower at the higher fructose load. (f) Prior phosphate loading prevented this decrease in rate in the renal cortex and attenuated it in the liver; adenosine loading attenuated it only in the renal cortex. We conclude that in both the renal cortex of the fructose-loaded rat: (a) Depletion of Pi is critical to the causation of the reductions in both ATP and TAN and, at the higher fructose load, of a decrease in the rate at which ATP is regenerated. (b) The severity of depletion of Pi determines the severity of these disturbances. (c) By differentially mitigating the depletion of Pi, prior phosphate loading largely prevents these disturbances in the renal cortex, and attenuates them in the liver; and adenosine loading attenuates them only in the renal cortex.
Trace nitrogenous species in urban atmospheres.
Authors: J N Pitts, A M Winer, G W Harris, W P Carter, E C Tuazon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Recent results concerning the identification and measurement of nitrogenous air pollutants in the California South Coast Air Basin (CSCAB) are presented. In planning or evaluating studies of the human health effects of these pollutants, it is important to consider the entire range of species which may be present. We provide estimates of typical exposures to nitrogenous air pollutants during a single day oxidant event in the CSCAB.
RECTO-VAGINAL FISTULA; ITS ETIOLOGY AND SURGICAL TREATMENT.Read in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The rectal tissue appears to be often the seat of morbid processes which may extend to neighboring structures; when the vaginal wall is also involved the result may be attended with much inconvenience. An abscess may form in the lower section of the sigmoid flexure or in the cellular tissue about the rectum and the exudation may be discharged or may break through into the vagina. Ulceration may take place in the small intestine and also open into the vaginal tract. The employment of the obstetric forceps has been looked upon as productive of rectal fistula, though I have never met with a case in which I could feel certain that the lesion was so produced. Prolonged pressure of the fetal head or of some other portion of the child upon the posterior vaginal wall has not infrequently been associated with the occurrence of this mishap. When the fistula occurs
Mycosis fungoides, nitrogen mustard and skin cancer
Authors: ANTHONY VIVIER, ERIC C. VONDERHEID, EUGENE J. SCOTT, FREDERICK URBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The prevalence of epithelial cancer was determined in 202 patients with mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome and was found to be 10.5%. In an attempt to establish a possible association with topically applied nitrogen mustard, it was noted that 4.0% of these patients had lesions prior to nitrogen mustard therapy (although over half subsequently developed further lesions) and 6.5% of the patients developed them de novo after therapy. In two patients in this latter group, malignancies developed in are as not usually associated with solar-induced cancer. These findings indicate that epidermal neoplasia is not uncommon in these patients and that nitrogen mustard may function as a carcinogen or a co-carcinogen.