tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P5-14-02: Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Difference of Screen Detected Breast Cancer Compared with Symptomatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: J Kim, SK Lee, S Kim, MY Koo, M-Y Choi, DH Cho, SY Bae, J Lee, SP Jung, JE Lee, J-H Yang, SJ Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer screening program makes it possible to detect early cancer, thus to reduce breast cancer mortality. The authors studied clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of screen detected invasive breast cancer compared with symptomatic breast cancer. Furthermore, we compared the result according to molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, Her2, triple negative), so intended to identify the role of screening in each subtypes. Material and Methods: From January 2002 to June 2008, 3141 patients who underwent operation for the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma(NOS) at Samsung medical center were included. Among them, 1025 patient were screen detected, 2116 patient were symptomatic, out of screening over 2 years. We reviewed the medical records retrospectively. Result: Screen detected breast cancer was associated with older patients, smaller tumor size, more hormone receptor- positive, less lymph node involvement, lower stage and reduced mortality compared with symptomatic breast cancer (P &amp;lt; .001). According to the molecular subtype, in luminal A subtype, the result shows better pathologic feature and also favorable overall and recur-free survial significantly. Conclusion: Compared to symptomatic breast cancer patients, screen detected breast cancer patients have favorable pathological and molecular characteristics, so better outcomes. According to the molecular subtype, only in luminal A subtype, screen detected breast cancer shows both overall and disease free survival benefit, and also acts as an independent prognostic factor itself. So, screening program seems to have a different efficacy depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-02.
Analysis of T-Wave Abnormalities Associated with Myocardial Infarction Using a Theoretic Model
Authors: WILLIAM J. MANDEL, MARY JO BURGESS, JOHN NEVILLE, J. A. ABILDSKOV
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The physiological basis of serial T-wave abnormalities associated with myocardial infarction was studied. After coronary artery ligation in dogs, ventricular functional refractory periods (FRPs) were measured at five to eight epicardial, intramural, and endocardial sites. FRPs measured during acute ischemia shortened an average of 26 msec. FRPs measured 24 to 72 hr after coronary ligation were 24 msec longer at ischemic than at nonischemic sites. Alterations of recovery times were analyzed in terms of a repolarization model which related the form of the action potential downstroke to the form of the T wave of the body surface ECG. Observed FRPs were used to infer action potential duration and T waves were derived. Shortening FRPs in the anterolateral wall of the ventricle increased the amplitude of derived T waves in the X lead and caused T-wave inversion in the Z lead. Prolonging FRPs in the same area caused T-wave inversion in lead X and increased T amplitude in lead Z. The form of derived T waves qualitatively corresponded to serial T-wave abnormalities seen in patients with myocardial infarction.
A comparison of serum biochemistry in ankylosing spondylitis, seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J S Dixon, H A Bird, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The serum biochemistry of 31 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was compared with that of 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ARA criteria), 30 of whom were negative for circulating rheumatoid factor and 50 of whom were 9seropositive9. All patients were selected because of moderate to severe disease activity. All 3 groups had distinctive biochemical profiles. Total serum sulphydryl and haemoglobin were particularly good discriminators between AS and RA, IgG, IgA, and acute-phase reactants complemented the sheep cell agglutination test in discriminating between seropositive RA and seronegative RA. In active AS a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate was often seen in the presence of abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma viscosity.
Changes in skin barrier function following long-term treatment with moisturizers, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: I. Buraczewska, B. Berne, M. Lindberg, H. Törmä, M. Lodén
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Moisturizers are commonly used by patients with dry skin conditions as well as people with healthy skin. Previous studies on short-term treatment have shown that moisturizers can weaken or strengthen skin barrier function and also influence skin barrier recovery. However, knowledge of the effects on skin barrier function of long-term treatment with moisturizers is still scarce. Objectives To investigate the impact of long-term treatment with moisturizers on the barrier function of normal skin, as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and susceptibility to an irritant, and to relate those effects to the composition of the designed experimental moisturizers. Methods Volunteers (n = 78) were randomized into five groups. Each group treated one volar forearm for 7 weeks with one of the following preparations: (i) one of three simplified creams, containing only a few ingredients in order to minimize the complexity of the system; (ii) a lipid-free gel; (iii) one ordinary cream, containing 5% urea, which has previously been shown to decrease TEWL. The lipids in the simplified creams were either hydrocarbons or vegetable triglyceride oil, and one of them also contained 5% urea. After 7 weeks, treated and control forearms were exposed for 24 h to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) using a patch test. TEWL, blood flow and skin capacitance of both SLS-exposed and undamaged skin were evaluated 24 h after removal of patches. Additionally, a 24-h irritancy patch test of all test preparations was performed on 11 volunteers in order to check their possible acute irritancy potential. Results Changes were found in the barrier function of normal skin after 7 weeks of treatment with the test preparations. The simplified creams and the lipid-free gel increased TEWL and skin response to SLS, while the ordinary cream had the opposite effect. One of the simplified creams also decreased skin capacitance. All test preparations were shown to be nonirritant, both by short-term irritancy patch test and by measurement of blood flow after long-term treatment. Conclusions Moisturizers influence the skin barrier function of normal skin, as measured by TEWL and susceptibility to SLS. Moreover, the effect on skin barrier function is determined by the composition of the moisturizer. The ingredients which influence the skin barrier function need to be identified, and the mechanism clarified at the molecular level.
Diabetes Mellitus and Addison's Disease
Authors: Donald W. Beaven, Don H. Nelson, Albert E. Renold, George W. Thorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DURING the past few years cases of associated diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease have been observed with increasing frequency despite a decreasing incidence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients. Eight patients with both Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus have been seen at this hospital since 1942, 5 within the last three years. The 2 earlier cases have been reported in some detail elsewhere,1 2 3 but a final report on the first case and a six-year follow-up report on the second are included in this survey. Six cases are described for the first time. The 56 cases previously reported in the world literature . . .
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric tumors using a novel grasp-and-snare technique: feasibility in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models
Authors: B. Elmunzer, J. Trunzo, J. Marks, B. Poulose, A. Chak, S. Schomisch, J. Bailey, J. Ponsky
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a less-invasive method of en bloc removal of gastrointestinal tract tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a grasp-and-snare EFTR technique using a novel tissue-lifting device that provides more secure tissue anchoring and manipulation.EFTR of normal gastric tissue and model stomach tumors was performed using a double-channel therapeutic endoscope with a prototype tissue-lifting device through one channel and a prototype hexagonal snare through the other. The lifting device was advanced through the open snare and anchored to the gastric wall immediately adjacent the model tumor. The tissue-lifting device was then partially retracted into the endoscope, causing the target tissue, including tumor, to evert into the gastric lumen. The open snare was then placed distal to the tumor around uninvolved gastric tissue. Resection was performed with a blended electrosurgical current through the snare. In the live pigs, EFTR was followed by laparotomy to asses for complications.24 EFTRs were performed -- 14 in explanted stomachs and 10 in live pigs. In total, 23/24 resections resulted in full-thickness gastric defects. Resection specimens measured up to 5.0 cm when stretched and pinned on a histology stage. Gross margins were negative in 17/20 model tumor resections. Two resections were complicated by gastric mural bleeding. There was no evidence of adjacent organ injury.EFTR of gastric tumors using the grasp-and-snare technique is feasible in pigs. This technique is advantageous in that eversion of the gastric wall avoids injury to external organs, continuous luminal insufflation is not required, and the involved techniques are familiar to endoscopists. Additional research is necessary to further evaluate safety and reliable closure.
Metabolism of the stimulated rat spleen
Authors: Abraham Mazur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Assay of the enzyme ferrochelatase in marrow, liver, spleen, and red cells has been employed to assess the extent of erythropoietic stimulation in animals bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and in rats treated by administration of phenylhydrazine, cobalt chloride, human urinary erythropoietin, or chronic blood loss. In all instances, the spleen sustains the most marked increase of ferrochelatase activity, per gram of tissue. Spleen erythropoietic activity stimulation was confirmed by quantitative measurements in respiring slices of (59)Fe and (14)C incorporation into hemoglobin and ferritin. Increased spleen ferrochelatase activity in cobalt chloride-treated rats is prevented by actinomycin D, indicating that stimulated synthesis of the enzyme is associated with the metabolism of RNA.
Effectiveness of cryosupernatant therapy in refractory and chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: G. T. Obrador, Z. R. Zeigler, R. K. Shadduck, C. S. Rosenfeld, J. B. Hanrahan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract This report describes objective improvement in two patients with poorly responsive thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) syndromes (with cryosupernatant). The first had a partial response to plasma exchange with whole plasma (fresh frozen plasma; FFP) and responded dramatically when switched to plasma exchange with cryosupernatant replacement. The second had chronic TTP (three relapses in 9 months) that required prolonged courses of exchange with FFP (∼ 1 month each) to achieve remission. Attempts to manage her recurrent TTP with infusion of two units of FFP had been unsuccessful. The latter patient was tried on cryosupernatant infusions (2 units daily) and responded within 4 days. Moreover, she has been in continuous remission for 12 months while receiving 2 units (one to three times per week). These results suggest that cryoprecipitate‐poor plasma may offer advantages over whole plasma in the management of both acute and chronic forms of TTP. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical Data Release in Genome-Wide Association Studies in Developing Countries
Authors: Michael Parker, Susan J. Bull, Jantina de Vries, Tsiri Agbenyega, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.



MalariaGEN's primary funding is from the Wellcome Trust (077383/Z/05/Z) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation via the Foundation for the US National Institutes of Health (566) as part of the Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative. Additional support is provided by Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute core funding and the Medical Research Council (G0600230). MP and SB receive funding from a Wellcome Trust Enhancement Award in Biomedical Ethics (087285/Z/08/Z). MP is a member of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Data-access Committee. The funders had no role in the decision to submit the article or in its preparation.



Provenance: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
An improved digitonin-collagenase perfusion technique for the isolation of periportal and perivenous hepatocytes from a single rat liver: Physiological implications for lobular heterogeneity
Authors: T Tordjmann
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Morphological and functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes according to their position in the liver lobule has been known for many years. The digitonin-collagenase perfusion technique is widely used to study hepatocyte heterogeneity and has yielded reliable data. However, with this procedure, periportal (PP) or perivenous (PV) hepatocytes are isolated from different livers, allowing only comparison between cell populations issued from two separate animals. To overcome this drawback, we have modified this technique by perfusing the two main rat liver lobes of a single animal in succession. The procedure involved alternate clamping of the median and the left lateral lobes, restricting digitonin infusion to one lobe via the portal vein, and to the other via the caudal vena cava. Lobe exclusion during digitonin perfusion, and zonal restriction of digitonin-induced damage, were monitored using macroscopic and histological controls. We compared our results with previous data on PP and PV hepatocytes issued from two different livers using the conventional digitonin-collagenase perfusion technique. First, we found that the cellular sensitivity to angiotensin II, a calcium-mobilizing agonist, was 60% to 80% higher in PV than in PP hepatocytes, whereas, previously, no difference had been recorded. Second, we found that albumin messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were 35% more abundant in PP than in PV hepatocytes, whereas, previously, larger differences had been reported. Our results show that PP and PV hepatocytes may be isolated from a single liver using an improved digitonin-collagenase perfusion technique. Furthermore, we suggest that zonal differences can be artificially masked or amplified when comparing PP and PV cell populations from two different livers, indicating that it is preferable to use a single liver for accurate zonal comparisons between hepatocytes.
Vascular Changes in Pulmonic Stenosis and Tetralogy of Fallot Studied in Lung Biopsies
Authors: C. A. WAGENVOORT, J. NAUTA, P. J. VAN DER SCHAAR, H. W. H. WEEDA, NOEKE WAGENVOORT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The present study deals with the results of the histological investigation of lung biopsies from 44 patients with pulmonic stenosis and 117 with tetralogy of Fallot in correlation with their clinical and hemodynamic data. Particularly cases without additional complicating malformations have been considered. Medial atrophy and luminal widening of the muscular pulmonary arteries and veins were confirmed in both isolated pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot but were more marked in pulmonic stenosis. Intimal fibrosis in the pulmonary vessels on the other hand gave the impression of being greater in the cases of tetralogy of Fallot than in pulmonic stenosis even within the same age group, but this difference is not statistically significant. Intimal fibrosis was even more pronounced in tetralogy of Fallot with a previous shunt operation. The intimal fibrosis is thought to be based on organization of thrombi. The explanations for the medial atrophy and the widening of the arterial lumen are unknown, but it is thought likely that the flatness of the pressure curve in the pulmonary artery plays a role in causation.
ON CRYPTOGENIC CYSTITIS AND PYELITIS.
Authors: CARL POSNER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The time is gone when the ever usable and available "catching cold" might serve as an explanation for suppurations and catarrhs of the mucous membranes. We know now that while it may produce a degree of predisposition of the tissues, the real awakening of the affections in question must proceed from precisely definable poisons. These, in the vast majority of cases, are connected with microörganisms or are produced by them. Thus "vesical catarrh from cold," which formerly was so frequently diagnosed, has disappeared from our field of vision; in like manner, purulent inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney must be attributed to pyogenic presences—bacteria or the products of their metamorphosis—impinging upon the mucous membrane. Their presence is an absolute<i>sine qua non</i>, without which any disturbances such as stones, foreign bodies, stasis, etc., can not produce this definite effect. How do these pyogenic elements enter the urinary passages? As
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF THE ARSENOBENZOL TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS ON LIVER FUNCTION
Authors: H. MacCormac, E. C. Dodds
Journal: BMJ (1923)

T MK)lCL JoRmwa onset of anginal attacks, and otier-disturbances in the night can be readily accounted for; also suddeni deatlh, probably due to ventricular fibrillation in most inistances.In the liglht of these observations it is easy to uniderstan1d 0ow in certain cir-cumnstanices deathi miiay comne like a tlhief in the night to a susceptible personi livinig witli circulator-v conditions that approach the danger line, thouglh these con- clitions may, in favourable circumstances and barrinig freslh developments, be compatible witlh many years of moderately active life.
Contracture and the calcium paradox in the rat heart.
Authors: M J Daly, J S Elz, W G Nayler
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The role of contracture in the manifestation of calcium paradox-induced damage was examined using 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) to inhibit myofibrillar activity. Calcium and sodium gain, loss of intracellular components, and changes in structure were monitored. If 30 mM BDM was added at the time of calcium repletion after 10 minutes of calcium-free perfusion, some protection was afforded, particularly at the early stages of calcium repletion. However, much greater protection was obtained if BDM was present during the final 2 minutes of calcium-free perfusion and throughout repletion. Sodium gain and loss of intracellular components were markedly attenuated, as was the incidence of severely contracted cells. Calcium gain, although significantly reduced during the period of repletion, was not abolished. After 10 minutes of repletion, a calcium content of 11.44 +/- 1.57 mumol/g dry wt was observed. This suggests that other noncontracture related routes of calcium entry are involved. If BDM is removed after 5 minutes of calcium repletion and perfusion is continued with BDM-free perfusate, there is a rapid gain of sodium, further gain of calcium, loss of intracellular components and the cells contract severely, tearing away from neighboring cells. It is evident, therefore, that returning calcium to hearts after a period of calcium-free perfusion under conditions that significantly reduce the typical calcium paradox-associated damage does not necessarily repair the underlying defect. These results support the hypothesis that contracture-induced sarcolemmal disruption may be responsible for the terminal manifestation of the calcium paradox.
A COMBINED BED AND EMERGENCY COT
Authors: Gustavus M. Blech
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The accompanying illustration shows a separable cot-bed, primarily constructed for the humane transportation of sick and disabled on railroads, improvised ambulances, etc, Experiments with this bed have shown it to have a distinct value in hospital practice as well. In the institution under my control we maintain such a bed for the reception of patients who have met some injury on the street or in the workshop. Usually these patients have soiled clothing and in spite of rubber sheeting, the linen and bedding are apt to become soiled. Should this happen on one of these beds, washing of the iron stand and laundering of the duck material is all that is necessary. With this in mind we have used the bed also in a small number of cases of suppurating extremities, empyema of the chest, etc., and especially for patients who have lost sphincteric control. As already said, soiling of
Re: Farhad Islami, Daniel M. Moreira, Paolo Boffetta, Stephen J. Freedland. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Tobacco Use and Prostate Cancer Mortality and Incidence in Prospective Cohort Studies. Eur Urol 2014;66:1054–64
Authors: Florine W.M. Schlatmann, Marco H. Blanker
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Differentiation of Delirium From Dementia
Authors: Ibe O. Ibe
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We respond to "Organic Brain Syndrome: The Psychiatric Imposter" by Rubin et al (1983; 249:60), which described their attempt to identify organic brain syndrome in an emergency room population. Their screening criteria for delirium, essentially those of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III)</i>,<sup>1</sup>were followed by the use of Jacobs' 30-item screening test<sup>2</sup>to differentiate organic brain syndrome from functional psychosis. Although this test identifies severity of cognitive deficit, it is not designed to differentiate delirium from dementia or other organic brain syndromes. Delirium is one of the most frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed mental disorders in medical-surgical patients. Failure to recognize delirium, manage it well, and treat its underlying causes results in unnecessary morbidity and sometimes dementia or death.<sup>3,4</sup>On the other hand, adequate treatment of delirium often brings prompt and gratifying improvement in the patient's clinical status. There is