tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN THE APPENDICITIS OF CHILDREN.
Authors: THOMAS H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

So much has been published in medical literature of late on the subject of appendical inflammation, that it might seem but little remained pertaining to it to be further elucidated. The operative technique in its surgical management has nearly advanced to perfection, so that in properly selected cases, and utilized at the proper time, surgical intervention in skilled hands should be followed by only a very low mortality. The greatest difficulty which confronts the surgeon is not so much how the operation shall be done, as the question of properly interpreting symptoms, locating the precise seat of pathologic changes and appreciating the character of existing complications. <h3>THE GENERAL AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS OF APPENDICITIS IN EARLY LIFE.</h3> In 1827 Melier first accurately described the pathology of appendicitis and recommended the excision of the appendix (<i>Mémoire et observations sur quelques maladies de l'appendice caecal</i>).<sup>1</sup>There was no echo to his publication
Nonaggressive systemic mastocytosis (SM) without skin lesions associated with insect-induced anaphylaxis shows unique features versus other indolent SM
Authors: Iván Álvarez-Twose, Roberta Zanotti, David González-de-Olano, Patrizia Bonadonna, Arantza Vega, Almudena Matito, Laura Sánchez-Muñoz, José Mário Morgado, Omar Perbellini, Andrés García-Montero, Giovanna De Matteis, Cristina Teodósio, Maurizio Rossini, María Jara-Acevedo, Donatella Schena, Andrea Mayado, Alberto Zamò, Manuela Mollejo, Paula Sánchez-López, Nieves Cabañes, Alberto Orfao, Luis Escribano
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The effect of corticosteroids, dapsone and gold upon plasminogen activator synthesis and secretion by human epidermal cells cultured with pemphigus antibody
Authors: K. HASHIMOTO, KAY SINGER, G.S. LAZARUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article The effect of corticosteroids, dapsone and gold upon plasminogen activator synthesis and secretion by human epidermal cells cultured with pemphigus antibody Get access K. HASHIMOTO, K. HASHIMOTO Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KAY SINGER, KAY SINGER Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.S. LAZARUS G.S. LAZARUS Department of Dermatology, 229 Medical Education Building, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Dr G. Lazarus, Department of Dermatology, 229 Medical Education Building, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 3, 1 March 1984, Pages 293–297, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04634.x Published: 01 March 1984 Article history Accepted: 13 August 1983 Published: 01 March 1984
STAPHYLOCOCCUS FILTRATES IN CHRONIC STAPHYLOCOCCIC PYODERMAS
Authors: SIGMUND S. GREENBAUM
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Recent developments in the use of streptotoxins (scarlatina, erysipelas) and bacillotoxins (diphtheria) for diagnostic and immunizing purposes in both naturally immunizing and nonimmunizing diseases have opened up a wide field of speculation as to the relative value of all exotoxins in regard to an induced immunity. Although the virulence of staphylococci is ordinarily low, clinical experience indicates that natural immunity to these organisms is not common. In fact, pyodermas are fairly common, and although they are in many instances only acute transient phenomena, probably because of the patient's ability to manufacture antibodies rapidly, there are sufficient chronic persistent and recurrent instances which, in such persons, would indicate the lack of spontaneous antibody production. In such conditions as sycosis vulgaris and recurrent furunculosis, the development of any agent with specific immunizing properties would be decidedly welcome. The problem is all the more interesting because such conditions as scarlet fever, diphtheria and
594. Protection Against In Vivo Tumor Growth after Electroporation-Enhanced DNA Vaccination with the Hepatitis C Virus Non-Structural 3/4A
Authors: Rune Kjeken, Gustaf Ahlen, Jonas Soderholm, Torunn Tjelle, Iacob Mathiesen, Matti Sallberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem with at least 170 million chronically infected persons worldwide. Although antiviral combination therapy with pegylated interferon- alpha and ribavirin has proven efficient for treating some subtypes of HCV, for patients infected with HCV 1a or 1b, the response rates are less then 50%. Therapeutic vaccination therefore remains an attractive alternative to improve therapy for these patients. Here we have evaluated the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against HCV based on a codon-otimized non-structural (NS) 3/4A gene delivered by intra muscular injection followed by in vivo electroporation (EP) in various mouse models. We found that EP greatly enhances antibody responses to NS3 in vivo, with mean titers reaching >104 after two 10 to 100 μg DNA immunizations. This strongly suggests that in vivo EP effectively enhances the T helper cell priming to HCV NS3/4A. We have previously shown that protection against a challenge of NS3/4A-expressing tumor cells in vivo is fully dependent on an effective priming of NS3/4A-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). We now found that two intra muscular injections of HCV NS3/4A-DNA followed by in vivo EP effectively primed specific CTL response that significantly inhibited growth of HCV NS3/4A-expressing SP2/0-tumor cells in vivo. In contrast, the same type of immunization without in vivo EP failed to prime responses that were able to inhibit growth of NS3/4A-expressing SP2/0 cells. Thus, in vivo EP effectively enhances the priming of in vivo functional immune responses that eliminate HCV-antigen expressing cells. This supports the concept of DNA-based electroporation enhanced therapeutic vaccination against chronic HCV infections. Matti Sallberg is share holder in Tripep, AB. Iacob Mathiesen, Torunn Tjelle and Rune Kjeken are share holders in Inovio Inc.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Acute hepatitis
Authors: S D Ryder
Journal: BMJ (2001)

P C Bornman is professor of surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa.



The ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system is edited by I J Beckingham, consultant hepatobiliary and laparoscopic surgeon, department of surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham (ku.ca.mahgnitton@mahgnikceB.naI). The series will be published as a book later this year.
Addition of an Immunomodulator to Infliximab Therapy Eliminates Antidrug Antibodies in Serum and Restores Clinical Response of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shomron Ben–Horin, Matti Waterman, Uri Kopylov, Miri Yavzori, Orit Picard, Ella Fudim, Halim Awadie, Batia Weiss, Yehuda Chowers
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Determinants of cognitive variability
Authors: Sangeet S. Khemlani, N. Y. Louis Lee, Monica Bucciarelli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Henrich et al. address how culture leads to cognitive variability and recommend that researchers be critical about the samples they investigate. However, there are other sources of variability, such as individual strategies in reasoning and the content and context on which processes operate. Because strategy and content drive variability, those factors are of primary interest, while culture is merely incidental.
β-Catenin Links von Hippel-Lindau to Aurora Kinase A and Loss of Primary Cilia in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ruhee Dere, Ashley Lyn Perkins, Tasneem Bawa-Khalfe, Darius Jonasch, Cheryl Lyn Walker
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations are associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A hallmark of ccRCC is loss of the primary cilium. Loss of this key organelle in ccRCC is caused by loss of VHL and associated with increased Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activities, which drive disassembly of the primary cilium. However, the underlying mechanism by which VHL loss increases AURKA levels has not been clearly elucidated, although it has been suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates increased AURKA expression in VHL-null cells. By contrast, we found that elevated AURKA expression is not increased by HIF-1α, suggesting an alternate mechanism for AURKA dysregulation in VHL-null cells. We report here that AURKA expression is driven by β-catenin transcription in VHL-null cells. In a panel of RCC cell lines, we observed nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and increased AURKA signaling to HDAC6. Moreover, HIF-1α inhibited AURKA expression by inhibiting β-catenin transcription. VHL knockdown activated β-catenin and elevated AURKA expression, decreased primary cilia formation, and caused significant shortening of cilia length in cells that did form cilia. The β-catenin responsive transcription inhibitor iCRT14 reduced AURKA levels and rescued ciliary defects, inducing a significant increase in primary cilia formation in VHL-deficient cells. These data define a role for β-catenin in regulating AURKA and formation of primary cilia in the setting of VHL deficiency, opening new avenues for treatment with β-catenin inhibitors to rescue ciliogenesis in ccRCC.
Cys-881 is essential for the trafficking and secretion of truncated mutant ceruloplasmin in aceruloplasminemia
Authors: Satoshi Kono, Hitoshi Suzuki, Toshiaki Oda, Kentaro Shirakawa, Yoshitomo Takahashi, Masatoshi Kitagawa, Hiroaki Miyajima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
384. Species B Adenovirus and Hematopoietic Cells Revisited
Authors: Goeran Wadell, Anna Segerman, William Burmeister, Steven Cusack, Emma Andersson, Karin Edlund, Praveen Papareddy, Dan Gustafsson, Kristina Lindman, Marko Marttila, Johan Skog, Niklas Arnberg, Ya-fang Mei
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Adenoviruses of species A, B, C, D, E and F differ in tropism. In order to address the molecular determinants of adenovirus tropism the distribution of adenovirus receptors on cells of hematopoietic and endothelial origin, and the expression in these cells was assessed. Results: The receptors for species B adenoviruses were most abundantly expressed. CAR binding amino acid residues are not conserved in their fiber knobs consequently CAR can not be used as a receptor. Virions of Ad11p, Ad35 & Ad3 (species B) showed high_ affinity to CD34(+) cells, Ad7, Ad11a (species B) and Ad37 (species D) showed intermediate affinity whereas Ad4 (species E), Ad5 (species C), Ad31 (species A) and Ad41 (species F) hardly bound to CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells. Only species B and species D adenovirus were expressed in these cells. Based on DNA homology two groups are defined within species B. Ad3, 7, 16, 21 (B:1), and Ad11, 14, 34, 35 and 50 (B:2). Ad3 and Ad7 cause acute respiratory tract infections, whereas Ad11, 34 and 35 cause persistent infections of the urinary tract. We suggest two different receptors for species B adenoviruses: sBAR common to species B members and sB2AR unique for Ad11 and Ad35 members of species B:2. Ad11 virions blocked the binding of Ad3 or Ad7 species B to 70%, whereas Ad3 blocked the binding of Ad11 and Ad35 only partially 30%. sBAR is sensitive to trypsin and EDTA treatment of A549 cells or J82 cells whereas sB2AR is resistent. The binding of Ad3 and Ad7 was restored with Ca++. Non permissive chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with the BC1 or BC2 isoforms of CD46 – cDNA. Ad11 virions did but Ad5 virions did not bind to CD46 transfected CHO cells. Adenovirus 11 and 35 can attach and infect primary lymphocytes and monocytes but hexon expression in T_ cells required prior activation, whereas neither Ad3, Ad7 nor Ad5 were expressed in the primary PBMCs. Assessment of the transduction ability of established hematopoietic cell lines by a species B vector revealed that Jurkat, U937 and K562 were more efficiently transduced than DG75 cells. EKC causing Ad37 (species D) uses 2_3 linked sialic acid as a primarily functional receptor. The structure of the fiber knob of Ad37 and Ad19p was resolved at 1.5_2Å by W. Burmeister using X_ray crystallography. The binding site for sialyl lactose was identified on the top of the knob close to the 3_fold axis of the trimer. NB Ad37 infects CD34+ cells Conclusion: Species B and D adenovirus using CD46 and 2_3_ linked sialic acid as receptors, respectively, infected hematopoietic progenitor cells. Ad11 and Ad35 were more efficient than all other assessed adenoviruses.
Another Kick in the (Cigarette) Butt
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

So many disorders—bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, male infertility, osteoporosis, even impaired fetal growth—point their fingers at cigarette smoking as a culprit, or an accomplice, that one cannot help but feel self-conscious when commenting on yet more accusing fingers. Metaphoric digits turn, as it were, into feet that kick someone who is already down. Still, one is constrained to mention two disorders in which smoking has been recently implicated: malignant-phase hypertension and subarachnoid hemorrhage.  Comparing the smoking habits of 48 sufferers from malignant hypertension with those of 92 nonmalignant hypertensive patients, Bloxham et al 1 noted that 68.75% of the former group and 36.96% of the latter were smokers when their conditions were first diagnosed. Even though the sample was small and the two groups are not strictly comparable—the first were consecutive admissions to hospital in six years, the second attended an outpatient clinic at the
Mhc Antigen Expression in Human Liver Grafts: Its Role in Rejection
Authors: Dale C. Snover
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The present study documents major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and II expression during early acute rejection of human liver grafts. Serial graft biopsies (pretransplant, time zero, and 1 week) were studied. Ten patients received azathioprine (AZA) and prednisone; the other six patients were treated with quadruple therapy (azathioprine, cyclosporine A, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide). To study the specificity of changes in MHC antigen expression, biopsies of six patients with minor or no morphologic abnormalities served as controls. In addition, phenotypes of inflammatory cells present during rejection were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The results show that during acute rejection expression of MHC Class I and II antigens increased significantly in the AZA–treated patients, in a pattern similar to that seen in the patients treated with quadruple therapy, showing enhanced MHC Class I expression on hepatocytes, bile duct epithelium, and sinusoidal endothelium, and Class II antigen on Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelium. Bile duct epithelium was consistently positive for Class II antigen; no significant difference with the nonrejection group was observed. T cells are the predominant inflammatory cells during rejection with equal quantities of CD4 + and CD8 + cells. A majority of the infiltrating T cells show expression of Class II antigen but do not react with antiinterleukin–2 receptor antibody. This may be the result of immunosuppressive therapy or a simple reflection of the temporary expression of interleukin–2 receptors during lymphocyte activation. The authors hypothesize that the induction of MHC antigens on bile duct epithelium leads to rejection whereas the expression on hepatocytes represents an epiphenomenon.
Postnatal economic burden of limited karyotyping
Authors: Suneel B Bhat, Sanjay B Bhat, Jessica Stevens
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
Leukocyte migration agarose test (LMAT) in sarcoidosis using Kveim test material
Authors: M. HORSMANHEIMO, A. HORSMANHEIMO, H. H. FUDENBERG, L. E. SILTZBACH, K. T. McKEE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The two-stage leukocyte migration agarose test (indirect LMAT), shown to be a sensitive in vitro assay for cell-mediated immunity, was used to study Kveim reactivity in vitro in patients with sarcoidosis. No Kveim-induced inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose or Kveim-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro was found in 23 patients with sarcoidosis, suggesting that the Kveim reaction is not an expression of cell-mediated immunity.
Firearms and Gun Control: A Public-Health Concern
Authors: Anthony J. Mahler, Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Because of the serious consequences of the growing number of human injuries that involve firearms, gun control has become a concern of public health. In 1975, firearms caused the deaths of 271 persons in Massachusetts. Of that number, 145 (54 per cent) committed suicide; 112 (41 per cent) were homicides, and 14 persons (5 per cent) died in accidents or legal interventions and in unspecified situations.1 In the same year, firearms were the 13th leading cause of death in Massachusetts, second only to accidents as a cause of death for persons between the ages of 15 and 39,1 and accounting . . .
Pathological Explanation of the Diminished Absorption by the Lungs during the Stage of Choleraic Collapse
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1866)

I have endeavoured to explain the phenomenon of diminished absorption, which occurs during the collapse stage of cholera, by showing that, in accordance with well established and familiar physiological facts, this diminution of the process of absorption is a necessary consequence of the scanty and slowly moving stream of blood.
TCT-710 Preliminary Experience With the 29mm Direct Flow Medical Transcatheter Aortic Valve In Patients With A Large Aortic Annulus
Authors: Peter Frambach, Fernando Gatto, Wolfgang Schoels, Werner Scholtz, Azeem Latib, Federico De Marco, Pim A. Tonino, Ulrich Hink, Peter den Heijer, Christoph Naber, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dieulafoy's disease: endoscopic treatment and follow up.
Authors: B Baettig, W Haecki, F Lammer, R Jost
Journal: Gut (1993)

The findings from 480 patients who had emergency endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding of non-variceal origin at our institution were analysed. Twenty eight patients (5.8%) had a Dieulafoy lesion. In 27 patients (96.4%) bleeding could be successfully managed by injection of norepinephrine and polidocanol, in repeated sessions if needed. Two patients had to be treated surgically: one because of uncontrollable bleeding from the Dieulafoy lesion and one despite endoscopic control of the bleeding Dieulafoy lesion because of a concomitant bleeding from an anastomosal ulcer after gastric resection. Three patients died during hospital stay from causes unrelated to bleeding from Dieulafoy lesion. Out of the 25 patients discharged from the hospital 21 treated by endoscopy and two treated with surgery were followed up for a mean of 28.3 and 22.5 months, respectively. Twenty endoscopically treated patients (95%) had no recurrence of Dieulafoy9s bleeding. One patient experienced severe rebleeding from the original site after a transient endoscopy confirmed complete disappearance. He had emergency operation without a further attempt to control bleeding by endoscopy. It is concluded that bleeding from Dieulafoy9s disease can be successfully managed by endoscopic injection treatment. The longterm outcome is favourable.
Recombinant soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in cats
Authors: R Hayward
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Neutrophils (PMNs) contribute importantly to the tissue injury associated with ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of a vascular bed. The effects of a recombinant soluble human form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (rsPSGL.Ig) on PMN-endothelial cell interactions were investigated in a well established model of feline myocardial-ischemia reperfusion injury.Cats were subjected to 90 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 270 min of reperfusion.Administration of rsPSGL.Ig (1 mg/kg) just prior to reperfusion resulted in a significant reduction in myocardial necrosis compared to that in cats administered a low affinity mutant form of rsPSGL.Ig (1 mg/kg) (16 +/- 3 vs. 42 +/- 7% of area-at-risk, P < 0.01). Cardioprotective effects were confirmed by significant (P < 0.05) reductions in plasma creatine kinase activity in cats treated with rsPSGL.Ig. Inhibition of PMN-endothelial cell interactions was evidenced by a significant attenuation in cardiac myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.01) and reduced PMN adherence to ischemic-reperfused coronary endothelium (P < 0.001). In addition, rsPSGL.Ig treatment significantly (P < 0.01) preserved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in ischemic-reperfused coronary arteries.These results demonstrate that the administration of a recombinant soluble PSGL-1 reduces myocardial reperfusion injury and preserves vascular endothelial function, which is largely the result of reduced PMN-endothelial cell interactions.