tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of the Postcommissurotomy Syndrome to the Rheumatic State
Authors: DANIEL L. LARSON
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The postcommissurotomy syndrome is a frequent troublesome complication after mitral valve surgery, the etiology of which is still obscure. In this study of 137 patients who survived surgery the clinical features of this complication are carefully detailed, possible associated conditions are studied, and pathologic findings in the atrial appendages are analyzed. In particular, the relation of this syndrome to the rheumatic state is critically examined.
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA: PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY TREATMENT WITH CERTAIN PREPARATIONS OF STOMACH
Authors: J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1930)

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA. [ THR BRInSHAmiioiig the physio-therapeuitical methods, the simplest (Olosists in thie application of warm foot-batlhs., or r-a(ialnt lheat, but the best is diatlhelrmy, (A.Wilson Gill, L. Newell Moss), wlhicil Imu.st always be applied.I lhave nlot seeni ainy special resiults fIrom x-ray1 al1pplications, nor fromi1 galvan-ic foot-batlhs.Mass.age is strictly-contraindicated, as also is anyi iunidu-le strain (exercise), becaus;e these canii onily acceni- tnlate the spasmodic ond(lition.Bahneotherapy is vroiy im- portanit, and it is to the action on the vasoinotor centres thiat must 1)e attriblted, in great p)ait at least, the effetts of Rovat.Artificial carbon dlioxide baths ar-e not effective.Aniionig surgical miietho(ds L erchic's operatiol)-arteri al per' csnil)atiietoin--wh clis aalso eniii.ii( vso-dilatation, has giveni somile good results, but lmust be applied only in the last resort.Beforie its application a careful oscillo- mnetric ecxploration must be made, so as to deterimline that the arteryis niot completelyobliterated, and also for the localizaition of the oblitelrationi.Gangrene may be the resUlt if these l)recautionis are not taken.If to all these methods is ad(le(d the scrupulous care of sm111ll wloun1(ds anid excoriationis of the lower-limibs, a -ery eflective treatmenit can be inistituted iii a disease which is relatively frequent, is milet wlith in all couinitries and in all races, and hi.as not, tlhaniks to tle possibility of aii eirly recognition, the (lark prognosis wlhlih was ofteln attachled to it.
Effects of Probucol on Vascular Remodeling After Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Gilles Côté, Jean-Claude Tardif, Jacques Lespérance, Jean Lambert, Martial Bourassa, Raoul Bonan, Gilbert Gosselin, Michel Joyal, Jean-François Tanguay, Stanley Nattel, Richard Gallo, Jacques Crépeau
Journal: Circulation (1999)

We have shown that probucol reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Whether probucol acted via prevention of neointimal formation or improvement in vascular remodeling could not be addressed by angiography and required the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).Beginning 30 days before angioplasty, 317 patients were randomly assigned to receive probucol, multivitamins, combined treatment, or placebo. Patients were then treated for 6 months after angioplasty. IVUS examination was performed immediately after angioplasty and at follow-up in 94 patients (111 segments). The cross section selected for serial analysis was the one at the angioplasty site with the smallest lumen area at follow-up. In the placebo group, lumen area decreased by -1. 21+/-1.88 mm2 at follow-up, and wall area and external elastic membrane (EEM) area increased by 1.50+/-2.50 and 0.29+/-2.93 mm2, respectively. Change in lumen area, however, correlated more strongly with the change in EEM area (r=0.53, P=0.002) than with the change in wall area (r=-0.13, P=0.49). Lumen loss was -1.21+/-1.88 mm2 for placebo, -0.83+/-1.22 mm2 for vitamins, -0.25+/-1.17 mm2 for combined treatment, and -0.15+/-1.70 mm2 for probucol alone (P=0.002 for probucol, P=0.84 for vitamins). Change in wall area was similar for all groups. EEM area increased by 0.29+/-2.93 mm2 for placebo, 0. 09+/-2.33 mm2 for vitamins only, 1.17+/-1.61 mm2 for combined treatment, and 1.74+/-1.80 mm2 for probucol only (P=0.005 for probucol).Lumen loss after balloon angioplasty is due to inadequate vessel remodeling in response to neointimal formation. Probucol exerts its antirestenotic effects by improving vascular remodeling after angioplasty.
Pseudo-Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Authors: VIJAY M. DHAWAN, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

A patient with clinical, laboratory, radiographic and scintigraphic findings resembling the Budd-Chiari syndrome is described. However, at autopsy there was no thrombotic occlusion of any of the intrahepatic veins. The right hepatic vein was completely constricted by the hypertrophied left lobe of the liver, and the left hepatic vein was narrowed. We have referred to this clinical entity as the pseudo-Budd-Chiari syndrome. It represents a potentially treatable form of the Budd-Chiari syndrome.
Regulation of contact hypersensitivity by interleukin 10.
Authors: T A Ferguson, P Dube, T S Griffith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses require the participation of T cells, along with a variety of cytokines and adhesion molecules. In the classical CHS, antigen-specific T cells are recruited to a site of antigenic challenge, where they react with antigen, release cytokines, and attract other inflammatory cells. In the mouse model of CHS, this reaction is elicited in sensitized mice by application of the immunogen 4-7 d after immunization. The reaction peaks at 24 h, is slightly reduced by 48 h, and can return to normal by 72 h. This is in spite of the fact that some antigen is still present at the site of challenge. Here we examined the hypothesis that locally produced interleukin 10 (IL-10) regulates the duration of the response. Our data show that IL-10 protein peaked 10-14 h after antigenic challenge and returned to background by 24 h. The production of IL-10 protein corresponded with, and followed IL-10 mRNA transcription as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. During peak IL-10 production after antigenic challenge, it was not possible to transfer CHS with immune lymphoid cells, unless neutralizing antibody to IL-10 was given first. Additionally, when sensitized mice were given neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody at the time of antigenic challenge, the duration of CHS was prolonged well beyond the natural course of the response. Finally, we demonstrate that rIL-10, when injected into the skin before antigenic challenge, prevented the elicitation of CHS in previously sensitized mice. Taken together, our data show an important role for IL-10 in the natural regulation of CHS responses in vivo.
Deficiency in suppressor T cell activity in aged animals. Reconstitution of this activity by interleukin 2.
Authors: M L Thoman, W O Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Spleen cells derived from aged (30 mo) C57Bl/6 mice are shown to be deficient in the ability to generate suppressor cell activity in vitro. The addition of IL-2 to cultures containing aged cells restores this function to a large extent.
Role of Angiographically Identifiable Thrombus on Long-term Luminal Renarrowing After Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Andonis G. Violaris, Rein Melkert, Jean-Paul R. Herrman, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Experimental studies suggest that mural thrombus may be involved in postangioplasty restenosis. The aim of our study was to examine the role of angiographically identifiable thrombus in the clinical situation. Methods and Results The study population comprised 2950 patients (3583 lesions). The presence of angiographically identifiable thrombus either before or after the procedure was defined as the presence of a generalized haziness or filling defect within the arterial lumen. Restenosis was assessed by both a categorical (&gt;50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) and a continuous approach (absolute and relative losses). The study population included 160 lesions with and 3423 lesions without angiographically identifiable thrombus. The categorical restenosis rate was significantly higher in lesions containing angiographically identifiable thrombus: 43.1% versus 34.4%, P &lt;.01; relative risk, 1.449; CI, 1.051 to 1.997. The absolute and relative losses were also higher in lesions containing angiographically identifiable thrombus (absolute loss, 0.43±0.66 versus 0.32±0.52; relative loss, 0.16±0.26 versus 0.13±0.21; both P &lt;.05). The higher restenosis in these lesions was due primarily to an increased incidence of occlusion at follow-up angiography in this group: 13.8% versus 5.7%, P &lt;.001. When lesions that went on to occlude by the time of follow-up angiography were excluded from the analysis, the restenosis rate between the two groups was similar by both the categorical (34.1% versus 30.4%, P =NS; relative risk, 1.183; CI, 0.824 to 1.696) and continuous (absolute loss, 0.23±0.46 versus 0.24±0.42, P =NS; relative loss, 0.09±0.17 versus 0.09±0.16, P =NS) approaches. Conclusions Our results indicate that the presence of angiographically identifiable thrombus at the time of the angioplasty procedure is associated with higher restenosis. The mechanism by which this occurs is through vessel occlusion at follow-up angiography. Measures aimed at improving outcome in this group of patients should be focused in this direction.
Oral Clonidine in Postmenopausal Patients with Breast Cancer Experiencing Tamoxifen-Induced Hot Flashes: A University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Study
Authors: Kishan J. Pandya, Richard F. Raubertas, Patrick J. Flynn, Harry E. Hynes, Richard J. Rosenbluth, Jeffrey J. Kirshner, H. Irving Pierce, Vladimir Dragalin, Gary R. Morrow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Hot flashes are the most frequently reported side effect of tamoxifen treatment. Although hormones are an effective treatment, their safety is questionable in women with breast cancer. It is therefore important to evaluate nonhormonal treatments for hot flashes. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral clonidine for control of hot flashes associated with tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program. Patients: 194 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who were receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Intervention: Oral clonidine hydrochloride, 0.1 mg/d, or placebo for 8 weeks. Measurements: In a daily diary, patients recorded number, duration, and severity of hot flashes and overall quality-of-life score (on a 10-point scale) during a 1-week baseline period and during the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the study. Results: Patients in the placebo and treatment groups were similar in age, duration of tamoxifen use, reported frequency and duration of hot flashes at baseline, and dropout rates. One hundred forty-nine patients completed 12 weeks of follow-up. The mean decrease in hot flash frequency was greater in the clonidine group than in the placebo group after 4 weeks of treatment (37% compared with 20% [95% CI for difference, 7% to 27%]) and 8 weeks of treatment (38% compared with 24% [CI for difference, 3% to 27%]). Patients receiving clonidine were more likely than patients receiving placebo to report difficulty sleeping (41% compared with 21%; P = 0.02). A significant difference was seen in the mean change in quality-of-life scores (0.3 points in the clonidine group compared with −0.2 points in the placebo group; P = 0.02) at 8 weeks, although the median difference was 0 in both groups. Conclusion: Oral clonidine, 0.1 mg/d, is effective against tamoxifen-induced hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Relation between disease-specific foreign aid for child health and burden of disease in sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Clay Bavinger, Paul Wise, Eran Bendavid
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundForeign aid for health has increased substantially in the past two decades. However, there is limited information on the relation between the distribution of foreign aid for health and the actual burden of disease in different diseases and age groups, particularly children. We examined the association between disease-specific foreign aid for children (FACH) and burden of disease.MethodsBurden of disease data including estimates of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were derived from the WHO Global Health Estimates resource for 2000–11. Children 0–5 years of age in sub-Saharan African countries were examined and the number of DALYs lost for the top 15 diseases calculated. Data for foreign aid were derived from the AidData dataset, which includes descriptions of all foreign aid donations. We constructed an instrument that searched the text of each description for words indicative of a certain disease, such as "malaria" or "bed-net", and designated child or infant in the age category.FindingsOverall, the amount of FACH increased substantially during the period 1996–2009, from US$3·5 billion in 1996 to US$13·5 billion in 2009. The relation between the burden of disease and the amount of disease-specific FACH was mixed. For example, diarrhoeal diseases were responsible for 19% of DALYs lost in 2009, and were targeted with 21% of FACH. By contrast, the amount of FACH targeted towards HIV in 2009 (5·5%) was much more than the that of lost DALYs caused by HIV (23%). Pneumonia, however, was responsible for the most DALYs lost in 2009 (29%) yet received only 0·6% of all FACH.InterpretationOur findings suggest that the relation between the distribution of foreign aid for child health and burden of disease in sub-Saharan African countries is mixed. Further work is needed to analyse present distribution patterns of foreign aid for child health and to advise future distributionFundingNone.
Osteomalacia on Bone Scan Simulating Skeletal Metastases
Authors: BHURJI N. SINGH, B ADRIAN KESALA, SHARAD P MEHTA, JAMES L. QUINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Osteomalacia, regardless of the cause, is radiographically diagnosed by a combination of demineralization, a coarsening of the trabecular pattern and the presence of pseudo-fractures, the latter in the absence of the characteristic skeletal changes of Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia or osteogenesis imperfecta. This report concerns a case of osteomalacia wherein the overall scintigraphic pattern suggested skeletal metastases.
Developing Unbiased Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines in Psychiatry
Authors: Lisa Cosgrove, Harold J. Bursztajn, Sheldon Krimsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: In 1984, the Journal was one of the first medical journals to establish a policy requiring disclosure of financial interests for all authors of research articles. During the past 25 years, all medical specialties have been grappling with how best to manage conflicts of interest. Today, the field of psychiatry is perceived to have suffered a unique “crisis of credibility” with respect to the growing influence of pharmaceutical companies on organized psychiatry.1 The reaction of the organization that is increasingly in question, the American Psychiatric Association (APA), has ranged from calling for greater transparency — mandating that . . .
Alder Hey hospital fails four in five UK quality and safety standards
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool has been deemed “potentially unsafe” after failing to meet four in five standards of quality and safety in an unannounced inspection by the Care Quality Commission.

The health watchdog, which acted after it was contacted by operating theatre staff, found failures to report serious adverse incidents, “near misses,” “very worrying” staff shortages, and problems with essential equipment.1

Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust had a low rate of reporting safety incidents, and …
Analysing ordered categorical data from two independent samples.
Authors: A P Morton, A J Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Medical journals now require point estimates and confidence intervals in addition to p values.' Statistics with Confidence provides advice on calculating confi- dence intervals for many types of data2 but not for ordered categorical data.Nevertheless, as much as 20% of reported medical research produces data in ordered categories.3The Apgar score, the Glasgow coma scale, quality of life and severity of illness indexes, and several methods for staging tumours and grading the severity of disorders such as congestive heart failure are some of the many methods used in clinical medicine which produce data in ordered categories.4Moreover, current interest in quality assurance in hospitals is likely to result in an increase in the use of methods which produce data in ordered categories.5 Finally, it is often useful to place continuous data in ordered categories as the resulting tabulations aid in their interpretation.In' this paper we describe estimators which are appropriate for comparing data in which there are two independent exposure groups and an ordered categorical outcome.Because they offer familiar, practically useful interpretations they should prove suitable to communicate information to clinicians and other health workers.These estimators are related to the rank sum test, which can be used to obtain significance levels.In addition, bootstrapping,6 7 a computer based method, can be used to calculate confidence intervals.
Euthanasia divides Australian doctors
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The sharp divisions in the medical profession over euthanasia have been highlighted by a national conference organised by the Australian Medical Association (AMA). The meeting follows an escalating national debate about whether euthanasia should be legalised. Some speakers feared that there was a danger that euthanasia could be used to save money in hospitals, while others produced a draft bill to legalise it.

There is now a common law right in Australia to refuse treatment, and it is …
The 'angry back': a new concept or old confusion?
Authors: A. KLIGMAN, R. GOLLHAUSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article The ‘angry back’: a new concept or old confusion? Get access A. KLIGMAN, A. KLIGMAN University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Dr A.Kligman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. GOLLHAUSEN R. GOLLHAUSEN Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität, Frauenlobstr. 9‐11, 8000 Munchen 2, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s31, 1 August 1986, Pages 93–100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02117.x Published: 01 August 1986
Survival and the immune response in patients with carcinoma of the colorectum.
Authors: A K House, A G Watt
Journal: Gut (1979)

One hundred and seven patients with colorectal carcinoma were examined for their immune response to autologous tumour. Patient leucocyte migration inhibition by tumour antigen, migration inhibition of normal subject9s leucocytes by patient9s serum, and the assessment of lymphocyte invasion of the tumour specimen were used to measure the immune response. Forty-one and 51% of patients were immune by leucocyte migration inhibition and tumour invasion by lymphocytes respectively. The immune patients had a survival advantage at three years on Chi-squared analysis. Patients whose serum contained a factor that inhibited the migration of leucocytes obtained from normal individuals had a diminished survival prognosis. The donors of these sera had a 50% chance of dying or of developing recurrent disease. These same individuals represented 30% of all those tested by this method. The immune patients included the sera donors as a subgroup 30% of all those tested by this method. The immune patients included the sera donors as a subgroup who, if excluded from the life table analysis, left a group of immune subjects who had very superior survival features.
Cardiac Demands of Heavy Snow Shoveling
Authors: Barry A. Franklin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the physiologic responses to manual (shoveling) vs automated (electric snow thrower) snow removal in healthy, untrained men.Observational, controlled trial.A community-based, acute care, teaching-research hospital.A volunteer sample of 10 apparently healthy untrained men (mean +/- SD age = 32.4 +/- 2.1 years) met all eligibility criteria and completed the study.Each subject cleared two 10 +/- 2-cm-high, 15-m-long tracts of heavy, wet snow in the cold (2 degrees C), using self-paced manual and automated methods, in random order, with 10- to 15-minute rest periods between each 10-minute bout of work.Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen uptake, and perceived exertion during snow removal were compared with values obtained during maximal arm-ergometer and treadmill tests.Mean heart rate during shoveling was 154 and 173 beats per minute at 2 and 10 minutes, respectively, corresponding to 86% and 97% of maximal heart rate. Relative heart rate (percentage of maximal heart rate) during shoveling was inversely related to aerobic fitness (r = -0.65; P = .05). The highest heart rate and perceived exertion responses during shoveling, arm-ergometer, and treadmill testing were comparable. Systolic blood pressure during snow shoveling (198 +/- 17 mm Hg) was significantly greater (P < .003) than during arm ergometry or automated snow removal and slightly greater than during maximal treadmill testing (181 +/- 25 mm Hg). Oxygen uptake during shoveling was similar to that for arm ergometry (5.7 vs 6.3 metabolic equivalents), but lower than for treadmill testing (9.3 metabolic equivalents). Cardiorespiratory and perceived exertion responses were reduced during automated snow removal.Heavy snow shoveling elicits myocardial and aerobic demands that rival maximal treadmill and arm-ergometer testing in sedentary men. These responses may contribute to cardiovascular events reported after heavy snowfalls.