tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Blinded Reviews of the Same Two Manuscripts
Authors: Magne Nylenna
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the association between referee characteristics and their manuscript assessments, the influence of manuscript language on referees' judgments, and the usefulness, quality, and extent of referees' free-text comments. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two nonauthentic, but realistic, short manuscripts with a number of common methodological flaws were sent to 180 Scandinavian referees. Through randomization, each referee received one of the manuscripts in English and the other manuscript in the national language. A structured assessment of the manuscript quality was expressed on a 5-point scale, and the impact of referee characteristics (age, gender, experience, and so on) was analyzed by multiple linear regression. <h3>Main Outcome.</h3> —Manuscript quality assessed by referees. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 312 reviews from 156 referees could be used for the study of referee characteristics and language. With increasing experience, the referees gave lower quality scores (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). A tendency toward stricter assessment with younger age was seen (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). No influence of referees' gender, specialty, or nationality was found. For the test manuscript of the poorest quality, the English version was assessed to be better than the national-language version (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). A total of 159 of 312 reviews included free-text comments applicable for the methodological study. In 54 reviews (34%), no methodological comments accompanied the assessment, and in six reviews they were only incomplete. Wrong sampling unit was mentioned by one fourth of 80 referees. Only one referee mentioned the incorrect use of a parametric test in the analysis of data whose distribution was nonparametric. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Experienced and young referees gave a stricter assessment of the manuscripts than their less experienced and older colleagues. An English version seemed to be accepted more easily than a national-language version of the same manuscript. Most referees spontaneously mentioned the shortcomings of the manuscripts only as part of their overall judgment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:149-151)
Anaphylaxis caused by skin prick testing with aeroallergens: Case report and evaluation of the risk in Italian allergy services
Authors: Gennaro Liccardi, Antonello Salzillo, Giuseppe Spadaro, Gianenrico Senna, Walter G. Canonica, Gennaro D’Amato, Giovanni Passalacqua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Detection of subclinical autonomic neuropathy in constipated patients using a sweat test.
Authors: D Altomare, M A Pilot, M Scott, N Williams, M Rubino, L Ilincic, D Waldron
Journal: Gut (1992)

Chronic idiopathic constipation may be the result of an autonomic neuropathy. This hypothesis was tested in 23 constipated patients and 17 age matched controls, using the acetylcholine sweat spot test devised to test autonomic integrity in diabetes. Acetylcholine (0.01%) was injected in the dorsum of the foot painted with a mixture of starch and iodine. Active sweat glands appeared on the surface of the skin as small black dots which were photographed and counted, using a grid with 60 subareas. Two measurements were made: the number of dots per unit subarea (sweat spot test score) and the % number of abnormal subareas (with less than six spots). These two parameters were correlated. The median sweat spot test score was 9.53 in patients and 13.92 in controls (p = 0.0001), the receiver operating characteristic curve showing that a score of 12 delimited normal and abnormal subjects. Increasing age was correlated with a low score in patients, probably because of prolonged symptoms. Seventy per cent of patients and one control had a borderline or abnormal number of subareas. These results suggest that idiopathic constipation is associated with a degree of autonomic denervation. The sweat spot test is an easy, inexpensive method to test this hypothesis and deserves a place in the clinical assessment of slow transit constipated patients.
PATIENT-SPECIFIC SIMULATED REHEARSAL TO VALIDATE THE SCORING SYSTEM FOR ANATOMIC SUITABILITY FOR CAROTID ARTERY STENTING
Authors: Willem Willaert, Raj Aggarwal, Isabelle Van Herzeele, Gerry Stansby, Sumaira MacDonald, Ara Darzi, Frank Vermassen, Nick Cheshire
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A-SAA induces cytokine production and matrix metalloproteinase activity in adipose and RA synovial tissue
Authors: R. H. Mullan, J. McCormick, M. Connolly, C. T. Ng, U. Fearon, D. J. Veale
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Serum amyloid A (A-SAA), an acute phase protein with cytokine-like properties is increased 1000-fold during inflammation. Previously the authors showed A-SAA correlates with RA disease activity and is produced at high levels in the synovial joint. Elevated A-SAA production has been observed in metabolic syndrome in adipose tissues (AT) of type II diabetics but to date the role and regulation of A-SAA in human AT remains to be fully elucidated. <h3>Aim</h3> To examine the relationship of A-SAA to CV risk in RA and whether a common proinflammatory pathway exists for A-SAA in RA and obesity. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty RA patients were recruited and assessed at baseline, 0.5, 1 and 4 years. RA disease activity measures and paired serum were collected. Baseline CV risk criteria were obtained and CV events were recorded in follow-up. A-SAA serum levels were quantified by specific ELISA. Adipose tissue was obtained under direct visualisation from patients undergoing bariatric surgery or colonoscopy and primary adipocytes and whole tissue adipose explants were cultured. RA synovial biopsies were obtained at arthroscopy and whole tissue synovial explants established. Cell cultures were incubated in the presence of A-SAA (10–50 μg/ml) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production were quantified by specific ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activation were assessed by gelatin zymography. <h3>Results</h3> RA patients who developed CV events up to 4 years later had significantly higher baseline A-SAA levels (p&lt;0.05) which remained elevated in the follow-up period. No significant difference was found in traditional CV risk factors. A-SAA (10 and 50 μg/ml) increased baseline production of IL-8 from 1 528 588 to 5 194 462 and 10 963 497 pg/ml and IL-6 from 549 564 to 3 392 226 and 6 629 568 pg/ml in adipose tissue explant cultures in vitro. In adipocyte cultures, A-SAA (10 μg/ml) markedly increased levels of IL-8 from 21 495 to 33 333 pg/ml and IL-6 from 4483 to 7566 pg/ml. Furthermore, a dramatic increase in MMP-9 activation was observed in adipose tissue explants, an effect greater than that on MMP-2 activity. Similar to adipose tissue cultures a dramatic upregulation of IL-8 from 1948 to 4739 and 5075 pg/ml production and activation of MMP-2 and 9 was demonstrated in RA synovial explant cultures in response to A-SAA (10 and 50 μg/ml). <h3>Conclusion</h3> High serum A-SAA levels are associated with increased cardiovascular events over a 4-year period. Ex vivo/in vitro A-SAA induced similar proinflammatory pathways in synovial and adipose tissue, which may represent common pathogenic pathways in RA and metabolic syndrome.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes for stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy for symptomatic hemorrhoids in adults
Authors: Ko-Chao Lee, Hong-Hwa Chen, Kuan-Chih Chung, Wan-Hsiang Hu, Chia-Lo Chang, Shung-Eing Lin, Kai-Lung Tsai, Chien-Chang Lu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Radiofrequency ablation is effective for the treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus after failed photodynamic therapy
Authors: J. Dunn, M. Banks, D. Oukrif, G. Mackenzie, S. Thorpe, M. Rodriguez-Justo, A. Winstanley, S. Bown, M. Novelli, L. Lovat
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus in ablation-naïve patients, but no studies have evaluated its use in patients in whom ablative therapy has previously failed. We describe 14 patients with residual high-grade dysplasia following aminolevulinic acid or Photofrin (porfimer sodium) photodynamic therapy (PDT). An overall complete reversal of dysplasia was achieved in 86 % with a combination of RFA and rescue endoscopic mucosal resection. The median total follow-up is 19 months. The rate of strictures was 7 % (1/14) and there was a low rate of buried glands (0.5 % follow-up biopsies). These data suggest RFA is both safe and effective for eradication of high-grade dysplasia in patients in whom PDT has failed.
Risk of prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer among relatives of women with breast cancer.
Authors: H. Tulinius, V. Egilsson, G. H. Olafsdottir, H. Sigvaldason
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the risk of prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer among relatives of patients with breast cancer. DESIGN--Cohort study of 947 pedigrees in which the proband had breast cancer, linked with the Icelandic cancer registry. SETTING--Iceland. SUBJECTS--The 947 pedigrees included 29,725 people, of whom 1539 had breast cancer, 467 had prostate cancer, 135 ovarian cancer, and 105 endometrial cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Risk of prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer among blood relatives of women with breast cancer compared with risk in spouses. RESULTS--The risk of prostate cancer was significantly raised for all relatives (1.5), first degree relatives (1.4), and second degree relatives (1.3) of women with breast cancer. Risk of ovarian cancer was raised for all relatives (1.9) and first degree relatives (1.9) and risk of endometrial cancer was raised for all relatives only (1.9). The risk of prostate cancer was raised if the proband with breast cancer had a first degree relative with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS--Coaggregation exists between breast cancer and cancers of the prostate, ovaries, and endometrium. This risk relation is probably based on genes which act by increasing the risk for cancer at these sites. Environmental factors that are common among relatives may also play a part. Continued research is required into pathophysiological mechanisms that could explain these observations.
Impedance Phlebography
Authors: ROBERT HARRIS SCHULMAN, SANDOR A. FRIEDMAN, GEORGE DEGENSHEIN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Impedance phlebography, a noninvasive approach to the diagnosis of venous thrombosis, depends on decreasing calf electrical impedance in normal subjects during inspiration. In order to assess the relationship between impedance changes and inspiratory volume, normal subjects were studied at various depths of inspiration. The mean inspiration volume required for a result indicating no evidence of venous thrombosis was over 1500 ml. There was significant variation between subjects and between limbs in the same subject. Routine postoperative patients were not generally able to achieve these inspiration volumes. It is concluded that insufficient tidal volume is responsible for many false positive results. Impedance phlebography is not reliable without simultaneous spirometric evidence of high inspiratory volume.
Nucleolar Targeting of RelA(p65) Is Regulated by COMMD1-Dependent Ubiquitination
Authors: Hazel C. Thoms, Carolyn J. Loveridge, James Simpson, Alexandra Clipson, Karina Reinhardt, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Lesley A. Stark
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Stimulation of the NF-κB pathway can have proapoptotic or antiapoptotic consequences, and one mechanism that determines the outcome is the nuclear distribution of RelA. Certain stress stimuli induce nucleolar accumulation of RelA thereby mediating apoptosis, whereas others induce nucleoplasmic accumulation and inhibition of apoptosis. Here we investigated the mechanisms that regulate the nuclear distribution of RelA, specifically, the role of the ubiquitin/proteasome system. We found that stress-induced nucleolar translocation of RelA is preceded by ubiquitination of the protein. We also found that chemical proteasome inhibitors induce the ubiquitination and nucleolar translocation of RelA and that this is required for the apoptotic response to these agents. We show that the RelA nucleolar localization signal (amino acids 27–30) is a critical domain for ubiquitination of the protein but that the lysine residue within this motif is not a direct target. We show that RelA binds COMMD1, the rate-limiting component of the RelA ubiquitin ligase complex, in response to stress. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of COMMD1 promotes stress-mediated nucleolar targeting of RelA, whereas knockdown of COMMD1 blocks this effect, causing RelA to remain in the nucleoplasm. These data identify a new role for COMMD1 in regulating the nuclear/nucleolar distribution of RelA and suggest that ubiquitination acts as a signal for transport of RelA to the nucleolus. These findings have relevance to the design of chemopreventative/anticancer agents that act by targeting RelA to the nucleolar compartment. Cancer Res; 70(1); 139–49
UN seeks $1.5bn and donations of vaccines to help poor nations fight swine flu
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

United Nations health officials have called for rich nations to pledge more money and donate vaccines against H1N1 flu to help developing countries fight the pandemic. It is expected that the impact will be more severe in these countries than in richer countries.

The call comes as revised estimates from the World Health Organization indicate that drug companies would produce only about three billion doses of vaccines a year, down from the 4.9 billion doses predicted in May.

“These countries have the weakest capacity and resources to withstand an escalation of H1N1 and the most vulnerable populations,” concludes a United Nations task force report.

It adds, “Countries …
Injustice to Cosmetic Industry
Authors: Earle W. Brauer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  A letter toThe Journal(227:559, 1974) suggested possible environmental sources for  garlicbreath odor. The correspondent states that a laboratory technician might well have exposure to such compounds [selenium and tellurium] and also possibly in lipstick, if the technician is  woman. In further reference to compounds of selenium and tellurium, it is stated that these are utilized in  large spectrum of industrial products and processes... and as  coloring component (red) in lipsticks.  Perhaps the correspondent is alluding to cadmium sulfoselenide, also known as cadmium red. It is possible that this color may have been used in  few lipsticks prior to 1938. However, since that date, cadmium red has been interdicted by law for use in cosmetics and has not been used in lipsticks by any reputable manufacturer.
Intact individual heart cells isolated from human ventricular tissue.
Authors: T Powell, M F Sturridge, S K Suvarna, D A Terrar, V W Twist
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The intricate architecture of heart muscle, comprising irregularly shaped cells which interdigitate in a complex three-dimensional array, has often compromised clear interpretation of experimental data obtained from the whole organ. One approach to minimise some of the difficulties is to use individual muscle cells in suspension, and data have already been reported using myocytes isolated from mammalian ventricles. It is difficult, however, to extrapolate results obtained from animal tissues to situations of medical relevance in man. Intact isolated muscle cells were obtained from human ventricular tissue by modifications of methods used for isolating smooth muscle, atrial, and ventricular tissue from animals. Electrical studies showed that these myocytes had functional characteristics similar to those observed in the whole heart. Such cells will prove a useful preparation for studies on both the mechanisms underlying myocardial performance in normal and diseased states and the response of heart tissue at the cellular level to conditions found during cardiac surgery.
Chemotherapy induces or increases expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein in malignant melanoma cells
Authors: N. Ichihashi, Y. Kitajima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Human malignant melanoma is notoriously resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Melanoma-derived cell lines are often markedly chemoresistant, suggesting that cellular mechanisms mediate generation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. This phenotype is often due to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and the MDR-associated protein (MRP), which are drug transporter proteins associated with resistance to a broad spectrum of lipophilic drugs.To determine the relationships between the expression of the MDR gene MDR-1 (the product of which is Pgp) or the MRP gene, and clinical chemoresistance of malignant melanoma.We examined changes in the expression of MDR-1 and MRP genes at the mRNA level before and after chemotherapy by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 18 specimens taken from eight melanoma patients. mRNA expression of the MDR-1 and MRP gene-specific PCR products was quantitatively determined by densitometry and compared with that of an internal standard (beta-actin).Five of seven primary melanomas were found to express the MRP gene to a certain extent even before chemotherapy. After first and second courses of chemotherapy, six patients had an increased ratio of MRP mRNA to beta-actin mRNA compared with the prechemotherapy levels in the same patients. None of the cases of melanoma expressed MDR-1.These results suggest that a significant mRNA level of MRP gene was intrinsically present in malignant melanoma even before exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and increased in its expression after chemotherapy, suggesting that MRP plays a part in increasing the chemoresistance of malignant melanoma during chemotherapy.
[<sup>51</sup>Cr]Platelet Kinetics in Thrombocytopenia
Authors: CURT A. RIES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Twenty-five patients with thrombocytopenia caused by excessive destruction or pooling of platelets had [51,Cr]platelet kinetic studies before splenectomy. Seventeen patients had kinetic patterns typical of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, with normal or near-normal platelet recoveries and shortened platelet survivals; 8 patients had kinetic evidence of enlarged splenic platelet pools, with low platelet recoveries and normal or slightly shortened platelet survivals. All patients showed splenic sequestration by external counting. The 17 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patterns had progressive splenic sequestration; 2 also had hepatic sequestration. Significant splenic sequestration was detected in seven of these patients only by posterior counting. The eight patients with enlarged splenic platelet pools had immediate splenic sequestration. Twenty-three patients (92%) had complete or good partial remissions after splenectomy. The spleen is the major site of platelet destruction and pooling in most patients with thrombocytopenia associated with shortened platelet survival or abnormal pooling; splenectomy produces a prolonged remission in most of them.
Physiological Neuroimaging: Emerging Clinical Applications
Authors: Colin P. Derdeyn
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis with 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine
Authors: Carlos Rodriguez‐Galindo, Patrick Kelly, Michael Jeng, Gerald G. Presbury, Martha Rieman, Winfred Wang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder characterized by proliferation of activated Langerhans cells. Immune dysregulation is believed to be part of the pathogenesis. Although current therapies are very effective at inducing remission, multiple recurrences and long‐term sequelae are common for patients with low‐risk disease, and a significant proportion of young patients die of their disease. More effective therapies based on the pathogenesis of LCH are needed. We investigated the use of 2‐chloro‐deoxyadenosine (2‐CdA), a purine analogue with an antiproliferative effect on histiocytes and lymphocytes, in patients with recurrent or high‐risk LCH. Six patients with recurrent LCH received 2‐CdA (5–7 mg/m 2 /day for 5 days, repeated every 21–28 days). All patients achieved remission. With a median follow‐up of 15 months (range, 3–25 months), 5 patients remain in remission. A patient with multisystem disease who recurred after 13 months, achieved a second remission with 2‐CdA. Hematologic toxicity was minimal, and no infectious complications were documented. 2‐CdA is among the most effective drugs for the treatment of LCH, and this is probably due to both its anti‐proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. 2‐CdA needs to be considered for the treatment of recurrent LCH. However, its incorporation into front‐line treatment of patients with multi‐system LCH needs further study. Am. J. Hematol. 69:179–184, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromechanical effects of caffeine in isolated human atrial fibres
Authors: C.-I LIN, T.-H. CHIU, B. N CHIANG, K.-K. CHENG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Electromechanical effects of caffeine in isolated human atrial fibres Get access CHENG-I LIN, CHENG-I LIN ††From the Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Cheng-I Lin, BDS, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Po Box 8244, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TSAI-HSIEN CHIU, TSAI-HSIEN CHIU ‡‡Departments of Physiology, Medicine and Surgery, National Yang Ming Medical College and Clinical Research Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BENJAMIN N CHIANG, BENJAMIN N CHIANG ‡‡Departments of Physiology, Medicine and Surgery, National Yang Ming Medical College and Clinical Research Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KWOK-KEI CHENG KWOK-KEI CHENG ‡‡Departments of Physiology, Medicine and Surgery, National Yang Ming Medical College and Clinical Research Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 12, December 1985, Pages 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.12.727 Published: 01 December 1985