tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bug Bomb, Potential Health Hazard
Authors: Charles F. Walcott
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  Aerosol bug bomb sales amounted to more than one per household in the United States in 1962, according to the President's Science Advisory Committee Report on pesticides.  The contents of bug bombs vary from relatively harmless compounds such as pyrethrins to poisonous chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT, chlordan, and dieldrin, or organophosphates such as malathion and parathion.  Frequently the same trade name appears on the bomb no matter what it contains. The very fine print gives the contents if the purchaser's eyes are good enough to read it, but the general public cannot be expected to keep abreast of the latest products of the chemical industry.  That these bug bombs constitute a very real threat to the public health is illustrated by the case of malathion poisoning in a physician's child recently reported inThe Journal( 182 :495 [Oct 27] 1962).  It is high time that all
Latex allergy and occupational asthma in health care workers: adverse outcomes.
Authors: Sania Amr, Mary E. Bollinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The prevalence of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy has been estimated to be 5-18% in health care workers, and latex exposure has been one of the leading causes of occupational asthma in the last several years. We present the cases of two nurses who developed sensitivity to NRL, both with dermatologic symptoms and respiratory symptoms that included asthma. They were referred to the University of Maryland for evaluation of their allergies, then for occupational and environmental consults. The patients' allergy to NRL was confirmed on the basis of clinical history, a positive skin test to latex, and the presence of latex-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) serology by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Both patients worked in the same community hospital for approximately 20 years; one was an endoscopy nurse and the other worked in the emergency department. Following the diagnosis of allergy to latex, both patients avoided direct skin contact with latex, but they continued to work in the same respective environments, where powdered latex gloves and other potentially sensitizing chemicals were used. Instead of improving, the clinical condition of the patients worsened and they remained symptomatic, even after they were removed from their workplace. Their airways reacted to low levels of a variety of sensitizers and irritants in the environment, and they became depressed. Both nurses were referred for vocational rehabilitation.
Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage.
Authors: I Cobden, C O Record, M K Ward, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1982)

phenothiazines.Although the first patient had no visual impairment or apraxia, computed tomographic appearances were compatible with parieto-occipital infarcts in arterial boundary zones and may have been due to hypotension.3The paroxysms of muscle spasms, tachycardia, sweating, and rage were probably due to brain-stem dysfunction analogous to the "rage reaction" produced experimentally in animals by diencephalic damage or stimulation.4The akinetic mutism, catatonic posturing, and disordered eye movements in the second patient indicated a lesion of the upper brain stem affecting the basal ganglia.5Despite systemic hypotension the clinical features described above are not those expected from lesions in arterial boundary zones but are more in keeping with damage to basal ganglia and diencephalic structures, which are lairly resistant to hypotension.Asphyxic anoxia may affect basal ganglia, and hypoxia may have caused such damage in our cases.In addition, anaphylaxis may cause vasoconstriction or increased vascular permeability, and these mechanisms may have produced lesions in the well-vascularised structures of the brain stem and basal ganglia.I thank Dr G D Schott for helpful suggestions,
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Individual Cognitive Therapy, Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Attentional Placebo for Adolescent Social Phobia
Authors: Jo Magne Ingul, Tore Aune, Hans M. Nordahl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Very few studies have investigated the effects of individual disorder-specific treatment of social phobia (SP) in adolescents. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of individual cognitive therapy for SP, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTG) and attentional placebo (AP) among adolescents with a primary diagnosis of SP. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A randomized controlled design was used, and a total of 279 adolescents were assessed. Fifty-seven adolescents, between 13 and 16 years old, were allocated to individual cognitive therapy, CBTG or AP. The participants were assessed before treatment, at the end of treatment and at a 12-month follow-up using both self-report and a semi-structured interview. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The individual cognitive therapy showed significant reductions in symptoms, impairment and diagnostic criteria both at the end of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Compared with CBTG and AP, the individual cognitive therapy group demonstrated significantly greater effects on both symptom reduction and impairment. There were no significant differences between CBTG and AP. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In a direct comparison between the most commonly used treatments for adolescent SP, we found that individual therapy was the most effective, yielding better effects than both CBTG and AP.
Calcium and the oxygen paradox
Authors: B. Siegmund, K.-D. Schluter, H. M Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

When myocardial cells are reoxygenated after a prolonged period of energy depletion, they rapidly hypercontract. In tissue, hypercontracture induced by reoxygenation is accompanied by cytolysis ("oxygen paradox"). Recent studies have indicated that severe cytosolic Ca2+ overload and reactivation of energy production represent the causal key factors for the deleterious hypercontracture, through the following mechanism: prolonged energy depletion leads to a progressive cytosolic Ca2+ overload in cardiomyocytes; when oxidative phosphorylation is then resumed with the resupply of oxygen, activation of the myofibrils at (still) increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations provokes a sustained maximal force development and consecutive mechanical cell injury. This injury can largely be prevented when the contractile machinery is inhibited during the initial phase of reoxygenation. In the model of isolated cells it has been shown that a normal cytosolic Ca2+ control can be reestablished upon reoxygenation. This seems to explain why contractile blockade is needed only temporarily for the prevention of reoxygenation induced hypercontracture and cellular deterioration. Temporary contractile blockade at the onset of reperfusion has also been shown to protect the heart in vivo against lethal reperfusion injury.
A Pulmonary Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma Seen on a Lung Perfusion Scan
Authors: ALEXANDER G. BOUTSELIS, SAID ZUʼBI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 75-year-old man with known pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma had ventilation and perfusion scans to rule out a pulmonary embolism. The ventilation scan showed a round defect at the left lung base. The Tc-99m MAA perfusion scan revealed multiple areas of increased tracer activity, at least one of which corresponded to the patient's pulmonary metastases seen on chest radiograph. The most plausible explanation for this finding was that the tumor metastasis invaded the pulmonary artery causing shunting of the tumor vessels with the pulmonary artery.
242. Neuronal Specificity of α-Synuclein Toxicity and the Effect of Parkin Co-Expression in Primates
Authors: Toru Yasuda, Masahiko Takada, Hideki Mochizuki, Yoshikuni Mizuno
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein (αSyn) protein has been shown to cause neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in rodents and primates. Using the serotype-2 rAAV vectors, we have recently reported the protective effect of Parkin on the αSyn-induced nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model. Here we investigated the neuronal specificity of αSyn toxicity and the effect of Parkin co-expression in a primate model. The serotype-1 rAAV (rAAV1) carrying αSyn cDNA (rAAV1-αSyn), and a cocktail of rAAV1-αSyn and rAAV1 carrying parkin cDNA (rAAV1-parkin) were unilaterally injected into the striatum of macaque monkeys, resulting in protein expression in striatonigral GABAergic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The injection of rAAV1-αSyn alone caused a decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase- immunoreactivity in the striatum when compared to the contralateral side injected with a cocktail of rAAV1-αSyn and rAAV1-parkin. The immunostaining of the striatonigral GABAergic neurons showed no differences on each side. In the presence of overexpressed Parkin, αSyn protein seemed to be less accumulated and/or phosphorylated at Ser129 residue in GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that the toxicity of accumulated αSyn is not expressed in non- dopaminergic neurons but the αSyn-ablating effect of Parkin is exerted in all neurons introduced in primates.
CHRONIC ALLOGENEIC DISEASE
Authors: Helga Gleichmann, Ernst Gleichmann, Janine André-Schwartz, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in F1 hybrid mice injected with parental spleen cells was investigated in several ways. Whenever glomerulonephritis developed, the lesion had the typical morphology produced by antigen-antibody complexes. Experiments employing backcross mice demonstrated that the antigen is supplied by the recipient and that it is specified by the H-2 gene complex, or by a locus closely linked to H-2. The source of the antibody was investigated by staining glomerular lesions with fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged anti-immunoglobulin allotype sera. Only donor-type allotypes could be detected. The ability of the donor's immunocytes to respond to the recipient's histocompatibility antigens in such a way as to produce nephritogenic immune complexes varied from strain to strain, and seemed to be controlled by a gene unrelated to H-2. The results suggest that cell surface antigens, such as histocompatibility antigens, may be of importance in the pathogenesis of several kinds of glomerulonephritis.
Early molecular response and female sex strongly predict stable undetectable BCR-ABL1, the criteria for imatinib discontinuation in patients with CML
Authors: Susan Branford, David T. Yeung, David M. Ross, Jodi A. Prime, Chani R. Field, Haley K. Altamura, Alexandra L. Yeoman, Jasmina Georgievski, Bronte A. Jamison, Stuart Phillis, Brad Sullivan, Nancy E. Briggs, Mark Hertzberg, John F. Seymour, John Reynolds, Timothy P. Hughes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Warfarin Use and Risk for Osteoporosis in Elderly Women
Authors: Sophie A. Jamal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Vitamin K deficiency may be associated with osteoporosis. Objective: To assess the effects of warfarin on bone. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Four centers in the United States. Participants: 6201 elderly, postmenopausal women. Measurements: Self-reported warfarin use, bone mineral density at the hip and the heel, hip bone loss over 2 years, and fractures during 3.5 years of follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for baseline differences, age, weight, and estrogen use. Results: Compared with warfarin nonusers (n = 6052), warfarin users (n = 149) more frequently had poor health, involuntary weight loss, nonthiazide diuretic use, and frailty but had similar bone mineral density at the hip (difference, 1.6% [95% CI, −0.7% to 4.1%]) and heel (difference, 2.1% [CI, −1.6% to 5.6%]). Users and nonusers had similar rates of bone loss (1.1% and 0.8%; P = 0.18) and fractures (relative hazard, 1.0 [CI, 0.60 to 1.7]). Conclusion: In this population, warfarin use did not decrease bone mineral density or increase fracture rates.
Remission of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Charles M. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1983)

TREATMENT of disseminated colon carcinoma must still be considered experimental.<sup>1</sup>Fluorinated pyrimidines, the cornerstone of treatment, yield only a 20% response rate and have had little impact on survival.<sup>1</sup>Immunotherapy with BCG vaccine has been reported to produce encouraging results in uncontrolled trials.<sup>2</sup>However, the role of immunotherapy in disseminated colonic cancer has yet to be established. We herein report a remission of a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon treated with fluorouracil and BCG vaccine. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old woman was initially seen at the Michael Reese Medical Center, Chicago, in 1967 (aged 18 years) with rectal bleeding. Her father had died of colon cancer at 45 years of age. Roentgenograms of the colon disclosed a mass lesion within the cecum, consistent with adenocarcinoma. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis, and a right-sided hemicolectomy was performed. The tumor extended into the muscularis. Lymph
Transplacental Rubella Infection in Newly Born Infants
Authors: Arnold J. Rudolph
Journal: JAMA (1965)

When Gregg<sup>1</sup>in 1941 reported his finding of congenital cataracts in 78 patients following maternal rubella in the early months of pregnancy, a disease hitherto regarded as mild became a serious obstetrical, medical, and public health problem. Since then, numerous reports regarding the prenatal influence of maternal rubella have been published, demonstrating that the fetus may either be destroyed in utero or may suffer a variety of serious congenital defects.<sup>2</sup> Virological techniques for the propagation of the rubella virus in tissue culture were developed in 1962.<sup>3,4</sup>The following year Selzer<sup>5</sup>reported the isolation of rubella virus from an aborted human fetus and in 1964 Kay et al<sup>6</sup>found virus in a human fetus 18 weeks after maternal infection. In a recent study, Alford and associates<sup>7</sup>isolated rubella virus from the products of conception in 24 of 51 women infected by rubella during the first
TCF1/HNF1 mutations in hepatocellular adenoma
Authors: J. Zucman-Rossi, S. Rebouissou, O. Bluteau, E. Jeannot, J.-Y. Scoazec, J. Bruix, C. Degott, P. Dhillon, C. Liu, C. Balabaud, P. Laurent-Puig, P. Bioulac-Sage
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Doppler ultrasound findings in healthy wrists and finger joints before and after use of two different contrast agents
Authors: L Terslev
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To examine the effect of contrast agents on Doppler ultrasound findings in the synovial membrane in the wrist and fingers of healthy volunteers. <b>Material and methods:</b> Eleven healthy subjects were included in the study (5 women and 6 men, mean age 38 years, range (20–60)). They had no clinical signs of inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases. A total of 66 joints were examined—6 joints for each subject: wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 1–5—before contrast injection and after Levovist and SonoVue injection with a 30 minute interval. <b>Results:</b> Colour Doppler activity was detected in 10/55 (18%) MCP joints before contrast injection and in 29/55 (53%) and 28/55 (51%) joints after Levovist (p&lt;0.0001) and SonoVue injection (p = 0.0001), respectively. A significant increase in Doppler activity in the radial (p&lt;0.05) and ulnar (p = 0.01) parts of the wrist joint was detected only after SonoVue injections. With spectral Doppler no difference was found in the resistive index (RI) in the vessels measured before as compared with those only detected after contrast injection. <b>Conclusion:</b> The number of joints with colour Doppler activity in healthy volunteers was increased by the use of contrast agents. No changes in RI were detected. The value of contrast agents remains to be demonstrated in inflammatory diagnostics.
Abstract 3622: Predicting response to EC145 therapy using the folate receptor-specific radiodiagnostic imaging agent, 99mTc-EC20
Authors: Christopher P. Leamon, Joseph A. Reddy, Alicia Bloomfield, Ryan Dorton, Melissa Nelson, Patrick J. Klein, Iontcho R. Vlahov, Marilynn Vetzel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract EC145 is a potent folate-targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugate that is currently being evaluated in a global phase 3 trial for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. By design, response to EC145 should be dependent on folate receptor (FR) expression. Therefore, characterizing the presence and functionality of the FR in real time is critical for the selection of patients for whom FR-targeted therapy may be beneficial. A promising method that's currently being co-developed with EC145 is to image patients prior to therapy using 99mTc-EC20, which is a small molecular weight folate-targeted companion imaging agent. Similar to EC145, 99mTc-EC20 binds to the FR with high affinity (Kd ∼ 3 nM) in a manner that is both saturable and independent of the cell type. 99mTc-EC20's binding specificity has been confirmed using validated preclinical models where it was found that i) binding of 99mTc-EC20 to cells or accumulation within solid tumors is dependent on FR expression (but independent of isoform), and ii) excess folic acid can competitively block 99mTc-EC20's cell/tissue binding. Furthermore, EC145 was also found to displace pre-bound 99mTc-EC20 from FR-positive tumors and kidneys in mice, strongly suggesting that EC145 and 99mTc-EC20 distribute similarly in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that the FR mediates tissue uptake of 99mTc-EC20. Since 99mTc-EC20 provides a non-invasive, real-time assessment of functionally active as well as anatomically-accessible FRs, this radiodiagnostic agent may predict what tissues will accumulate and potentially respond to folate-targeted drugs, such as EC145. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3622. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3622
Barriers to effective stroke care out of hours need to be broached
Authors: M. F Nicol
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The article by Harraf et al is a welcome addition to much needed hard data on the poor delivery of evidence based and patient focused care in the United Kingdom. 1 The paper prompts the need to analyse prospectively the nature of the barriers to timely assessment, investigation, and treatment of a patient presenting with a potentially life threatening stroke.

The paper would have benefited from providing readers with the subset analysis of time to assessment, senior opinion, and computed tomography in the …
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlates for success.
Authors: N Ambrosino, K Foglio, F Rubini, E Clini, S Nava, M Vitacca
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is increasingly used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to identify simple parameters to predict the success of this technique.Fifty nine episodes of acute respiratory failure in 47 patients with COPD treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation were analysed, considering each one as successful (78%) or unsuccessful (22%) according to survival and to the need for endotracheal intubation.Pneumonia was the cause of acute respiratory failure in 38% of the unsuccessful episodes but only in 9% of the successful ones. Success with non-invasive mechanical ventilation was associated with less severely abnormal baseline clinical and functional parameters, and with less severe levels of acidosis assessed during an initial trial of non-invasive mechanical ventilation.The severity of the episode of acute respiratory failure as assessed by clinical and functional compromise, and the level of acidosis and hypercapnia during an initial trial of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, have an influence on the likelihood for success with non-invasive mechanical ventilation and may prove to be useful in deciding whether to continue with this treatment.
Detection of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism in Women with Androgen Excess
Authors: David A. Ehrmann, Robert L. Rosenfield, Randall B. Barnes, Deborah F. Brigell, Zubie Sheikh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Distinguishing between ovarian and adrenal causes of androgen excess may be difficult. We have found that women with the polycystic ovary syndrome have supranormal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin. We determined the usefulness of testing with nafarelin to distinguish ovarian causes of hyperandrogenism in women.
Effects of the workplace on fertility and related reproductive outcomes.
Authors: B Baranski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This report reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of occupational factors on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Few studies fulfill the criteria of good study design because of small sample size, insensitive measures of effect, selection, recall, and observation bias, weak if any control of confounding factors, bad definition of exposure, inability to analyze a dose-response relationship, and inadequate statistical analysis. The high prevalence of unsuccessful reproductive outcomes in the general population makes the design of human fertility studies difficult. Although a number of publications indicate that certain occupational factors and settings adversely affect both male and female fertility, it is virtually impossible to estimate the proportion of infertility due to occupational factors in the general population. The collected data suggest that the exposure to the following substances or occupational settings may affect a function of male genital system, leading to sperm abnormalities, hyperestrogenism, impotence, infertility, and/or increased spontaneous abortion rate in wives of exposed workers: alkylmercury, antimonide, anesthetic gases, boron, carbon disulfide, chlorodecone, chloroprene, some carbamates (carbaryl), diaminostilbene, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, ethylene glycol ethers, ethylene dibromide, inorganic lead, manganese, methyl chloride, organic solvents, synthetic estrogens and progestins, tetraethyllead, combined exposure to styrene and acetone, welding operations, and heat. The majority of reviewed papers on female fertility concerns the alterations of menstrual cycle and pregnancy complications rather than occupational exposure-induced female infertility. The literature supports the hypothesis that, in general, working women have a tendency of higher risk of unsuccessful reproductive outcomes, although the existing data are not sufficient.
Lower Abdominal Pains of Cervical Origin
Authors: J. Young
Journal: BMJ (1938)

stage there may be profound systemic disturbance in the shape of general weakness, dyspepsia, marked nervous reactions, " rheumatism," etc., while local functional dis- orders may also develop early--for example, irritability of the bladder and lower bowel.6.In a large proportion of cases treatment of a simple nature directed to the underlying lesion is strikingly successful.