tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Amino-Acids and Sugars in Rectal Feeding
Authors: A. R. Short, H. W. Bywaters
Journal: BMJ (1913)

LMDCLJUiNL 16The actual amount of light falling on tlhe coal face was measured in several collieries, and the average of a large mumber of observations is given below.In five open liglht collieries the average illumnination at the coal face was 0.09 of a foot-candle.In eight safety lamp collieries the average illumination was 0.018 of a foot- -candle, or only one-fifth of that obtaining in an open light mine.The questions of the influence of holing and illumination have been discussed separately, and the following table lhas been drawn up tQ slhow the relation they bear to one another.TABLE IX.-Holing an1d Illum1ination.District.
Warfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Authors: C K Mok, J Boey, R Wang, T K Chan, K L Cheung, P K Lee, J Chow, R P Ng, T F Tse
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In a prospective, randomized, parallel study, two regimens of platelet-suppressant therapy (PST)--dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin--were compared with standard oral anticoagulation with warfarin in the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism. In the entire group of 254 patients followed for 395.6 patient-years, the thromboembolic rate was significantly less in the warfarin group (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p less than .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Subgroup analysis disclosed that, in patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, warfarin was superior to both of the PSTs with respect to the prevention of thromboembolism (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p = .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Furthermore, a significant number of our patients could not tolerate the antiplatelet agents. However, in the rare situation in which repeated significant bleeding occurs despite careful adjustment of the dosage of warfarin, PST may be an acceptable alternate method of thromboembolism prophylaxis.
Etiology, evaluation, and outcome of jaundice in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: N Chalasani, C M Wilcox
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Although liver test abnormalities are frequently identified in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the causes, evaluation, and outcome of jaundice in these patients have not been systematically evaluated. From August 1, 1990 through September 1, 1994, all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with liver test abnormalities seen by the gastroenterology service at a large, inner-city hospital were prospectively identified. Jaundice was defined as a serum bilirubin concentration > or = 3 mg/dL. The etiology of jaundice was determined by the pattern of liver biochemistry test abnormalities, radiographic studies, liver biopsy, clinical follow-up, and autopsy. During the study period, 541 HIV-infected patients (511 with AIDS) were evaluated for liver disease by our service; 36 of these patients had jaundice (7 percent). The most common causes of jaundice were drug-induced hepatitis, occurring in 11 patients (31 percent), and alcoholic liver disease, occurring in 5 (13 percent). Opportunistic infections or neoplasms were identified as the cause of jaundice in 11 patients (30 percent), with 4 having intrahepatic disease and 7 having extrahepatic disease. Multiple potential causes were seen in 3 patients. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were helpful in suggesting the underlying cause of disease. The short-term mortality was high, with 9 patients dying during the hospitalization (25 percent) and 7 patients dying within 6 months of evaluation. Liver disease was the cause of death in 7 of these patients. In conclusion, jaundice is uncommon in AIDS and may result from a variety of both opportunistic and non-opportunistic etiologies. Drug-induced hepatitis is the most common cause and may be fatal. Long-term survival was poor.
Benefits of animal research and the doctor's responsibility.
Authors: M Drury, J Horder, O Wade, J Lawson, E Kuenssberg, S Carne, J Howie, R Hull
Journal: BMJ (1990)

of deterioration and a low risk of surgical compli- cations whether she was or was not taking anti- coagulant drugs.I would have offered burr hole aspiration of the fluid component of the haematoma, and I feel the authors should not be congratulated for the recovery of their patient.It will always be difficult to balance the risks of surgery for intracranial haematomas, particularly in patients receiving anticoagulation, but I hope that their report will not encourage clinicians routinely to manage such haematomas conserva- tively.
Non-HDL Cholesterol Versus Apolipoprotein B in Diabetic Dyslipoproteinemia
Authors: Allan D. Sniderman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes has suddenly emerged as a vital clinical issue. Whereas better glucose control has not been shown to significantly reduce vascular mortality and morbidity (1), lowering LDL cholesterol has regularly been associated with substantial benefit. This may be just the beginning; fibrate therapy also holds promise (2).

The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) reaffirmed that LDL cholesterol should be the cornerstone of lipid diagnosis and therapy (3). At the same time, ATPIII also proposed that non-HDL cholesterol may be used for clinical decision making in hypertriglyceridemic patients. The argument is that non-HDL cholesterol includes the cholesterol in all the atherogenic lipoproteins and is therefore a better atherogenic index than LDL cholesterol, particularly in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Non-HDL cholesterol has also been suggested to be an acceptable surrogate for apolipoprotein B (apoB), which measures total atherogenic particle number. Therefore non-HDL cholesterol has become an alternative for LDL cholesterol and a surrogate for apoB.

The article by Wagner et al. (4), which appears in this issue of Diabetes Care , presents a serious challenge to that decision. They show convincingly that non-HDL cholesterol is not an acceptable clinical surrogate for apoB in patients with …
Remarks on Pylorectomy
Authors: W. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (1890)

COMPARATIVELY recently, 1 had occasion to remove the pylorus, since which the operation has largely occupied my thoughts.It is one which, from some cause or causes as yet not satisfactorily explained, has, with one exception, hitherto successfully baffled the best directed efforts of surgeons in these islands, and as we learn from Dr. Winslow, in many other countries, notably France, the United States of America, Brazil, and Norway, the experience of surgeons is equally discouraging.In Austria and Germany, on the other hand, the results are distinctly better, although the mortality is still alarmingly high.In dealing with this subject, it is not my good fortune to be able to give a record of a successful surgical achievement in that direction, and what I have to say, therefore, will doubtless lack the interest and encouraging stimulus to renewed effort that my remarks might have were I in a position to recount a conspicuous success in connection with an operation, the mortality in which has up to this been so great and so disheartening.However, it must be remembered that on the path of surgical progress are always found difficulties and obstacles which must be recognised, and if possible removed, before any distinct and signal advance can be made.
Maximal anaerobic power in Indian national hockey players.
Authors: J. L. Bhanot, L. S. Sidhu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

Anaerobic power in relation to field position of 90 Indian hockey players has been studied. These players included 10 goalkeepers, 16 backs, 20 half-backs and 44 forwards. The goalkeepers possess maximum and forwards possess minimum anaerobic power while in vertical velocity, the former are the fastest and the latter are the slowest. In body weight the backs are heaviest followed by half-backs, goalkeepers and forwards. Among backs, the lefts are heavier, faster and have more anaerobic power than rights. In half-line players, the centre-half-backs are followed by left-half-backs and right-half-backs both in body weight and anaerobic power, while in vertical velocity, the left-half-backs are the fastest and centre-half-backs are the slowest. Among forwards, the centre-forwards are heaviest with maximum anaerobic power and are followed by inside-forwards and outside-forwards, whereas, in vertical velocity the inside-forwards are fastest followed by centre-forwards and outside-forwards.
Effects of Radial Versus Femoral Artery Access in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes With or Without ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Shamir R. Mehta, Sanjit S. Jolly, John Cairns, Kari Niemela, Sunil V. Rao, Asim N. Cheema, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Warren J. Cantor, Vladimír Džavík, Andrzej Budaj, Michael Rokoss, Vicent Valentin, Peggy Gao, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Update: A 76-Year-Old Man With Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nadine Farag
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Continuing Increase of Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Ali H. Mokdad, Earl S. Ford, Barbara A. Bowman, David E. Nelson, Michael M. Engelgau, Frank Vinicor, James S. Marks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. (1). The health care direct and indirect costs associated with diabetes in 1997 were an estimated $98 billion (2). Evidence from several studies indicates that obesity and weight gain are associated with an increased risk …
Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971
Authors: Alan S. Gamis, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Joanne M. Hilden, April D. Sorrell, Mukta Sharma, Thomas W. Loew, Robert J. Arceci, Dorothy Barnard, John Doyle, Gita Massey, John Perentesis, Yaddanapudi Ravindranath, Jeffrey Taub, Franklin O. Smith
Journal: Blood (2011)
Gangrenous Cellulitis around the Rectum
Authors: V. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1879)

as having been hysterical, equally with her analgesia, paraplegia, and maniaco-convulsive seizures.[The above paper was written in October I877.Since then, M. N. has again been under my care for about twelve months.During this time she has remained paraplegic; she has recovered the power of moving her legs to a slight extent as sihe lies in bed, but is still unable tQ walk, or even stand.She has suffered severely from symptoms like those of ulcer of the stomach: I believe, however, that these, like her other symptoms, have been hysterical.They have included extreme gastrodynia, continual vomiting and loathing offood, together with much emaciation and general weakness and prostration.She has had two or three of these attacks, each lasting for some weeks, separated one from another by intervals of apparently complete absence of stomach derangc- ment, and recovery (excepting as regards her paraplegia) of perfect strength and health.-Feb.1879.
Venezuelan doctors resent presence of thousands of Cuban doctors in their country
Authors: Tiago Villanueva, Sara Carrillo de Albornoz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The introduction of many Cuban doctors to Venezuela as a result of political ties between the two countries is leading to strong resentment of the foreign doctors among members of the Venezuelan medical profession.

Doctors at the sixth medicosocial conference of the Venezuelan Medical Council (Federacion Medica Venezolana), which took place recently in Cumana, questioned the quality of training and competence of the 20 000 Cuban doctors who work in their country.

An agreement was drawn up in 2001 between Venezuela and Cuba to improve the delivery of medical care in the poorest regions of Venezuela, through a project called Mision Barrio Adentro ( BMJ 2006;333:464; doi: 10.1136/bmj.333.7566.464).

According to Jesus Mantilla, a Venezuelan health minister, the project reaches 95% of the population. He says that its doctors have provided more than 278 million consultations and have saved an estimated 74 000 lives.

But Douglas Leon Natera, president of the Venezuelan Medical Council, which is …
Resurrection in Rome
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Winter holidays used to be for the idle rich. Then they became the norm for junior doctors. Now even consultants (the least idle of hospital staff) sneak off for a week or so. But we feel guilty about it. With Christmas lasting longer every year, half term looming, and Easter following on, can we justify more rest and recreation?

My wife and I, raised as Scots presbyterians, avoid beaches or ski slopes and head for town, seeking …
The Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Jere W. Lord
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been increasing. The varying clinical manifestations and resulting difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are illustrated by 10 case histories. Among 43 patients treated by elective resection of such aneurysms in 5 years, there were only 2 hospital deaths. This is in marked contrast to the high mortality rate of 50% within 2 years in 53 patients not treated surgically. In the last 44 consecutive elective resections performed by the authors there were but 2 operative deaths. Elective resection is therefore advocated for all patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm who are good surgical risks. It is recommended that, when other serious abdominal conditions are also present, priority be given to the aneurysm.
INSECTS AND WAR: VIII.--MITES (Part II) (Demodex; Sarcoptes; Endo-parasitic Mites)
Authors: A. E. Shipley
Journal: BMJ (1914)

Durina its career the Hunterian Society has had many habitations, but none will compare with our present sumptuous mneeting place.I think I cannot more fitly conclude this address than by expressing the gratitude of the Society to our kind hosts the Worshipful Company of Batrbers, and by repeating the time-honoured sentiment, "Root and branclh, may it flourish for ever.
In Search of a Real “Third Way” in Process and Outcome
Authors: Amy T. Campbell
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Many argue that science is value free, or a value in and of itself that trumps competing moral claims (e.g., an embryo is or is not equivalent to a human). Yet, to so argue runs the risk of ignoring that science, as applied, exists in a public realm where competing values are very much at issue. And scientists—who help determine what we prioritize, what we seek to answer through scientific research and how, and what these results mean for future treatments and research—are human (i.e., have their own values, biases, etc.). Thus, necessarily are there tradeoffs.
Magnesium transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of the rabbit.
Authors: G R Shareghi, Z S Agus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Isolated cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop were perfused in order to directly evaluate magnesium transport in this segment. Transepithelial potential difference was altered by varying the NaCl concentration in perfusate and bath and adding 50 microM furosemide to the perfusate. Perfusion under standard conditions with isotonic solutions resulted in a mean transepithelial potential difference of +8.8 +/- 0.7 mV and net magnesium absorption at a rate of 0.32 +/- 0.06 pmol/mm per min. Perfusion with a hypotonic solution significantly increased potential difference and the net absorptive rate of magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Conversely, reversal of the polarity of the potential difference with low NaCl bath and luminal furosemide produced net secretion of magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Parathyroid hormone in a bath concentration of 1.0 U/ml increased magnesium absorption from 0.32 +/- 0.06 to 0.63 +/- 0.06 pmol/mm per min (P less than 0.001) and calcium from 0.52 +/- 0.08 to 0.97 +/- 0.08 pmol/mm per min (P less than 0.001). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced similar effects on both calcium and magnesium absorption. Increasing bath calcium concentration twofold significantly inhibited net calcium absorption from 0.79 +/- 0.27 to 0.16 +/- 0.02 pmol/mm per min but magnesium transport was unaffected. Increasing bath magnesium concentration twofold significantly inhibited net magnesium absorption from 0.56 +/- 0.14 to -0.09 +/- 0.13 pmol/mm per min but had no effect upon net calcium transport. Net absorption of magnesium was significantly increased with increased concentration in the perfusate but calcium transport was unchanged. Similarly, increasing perfusate calcium concentration produced an increase in net calcium transport but did not alter magnesium transport. These data indicate that this segment of the loop of Henle is an important site for magnesium transport. Transport is influenced by luminal and bath concentration and is stimulated by parathyroid hormone and cyclic AMP. The data do not provide support for the concept of an interactive process between calcium and magnesium, and suggest that the positive transepithelial voltage is an important driving force for net reabsorption of magnesium, as well as calcium and potassium in this segment.
NITROGEN BALANCE STUDIES ON THE KEMPNER RICE DIET
Authors: William B. Schwartz, Jerome K. Merlis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

Current interest in the dietary therapy of hy- pertensive states in man has been stimulated by Kempner's reports (1, 2, 3) of marked benefits achieved by his "rice diet."Dick and Schwartz (4) have reported that experimentally produced hypertension in dogs is favorably influenced by this regime, and Grollman and Harrison (5) have observed a significant reduction in the blood pres- sure of hypertensive rats fed only rice.Kempner's "rice diet" (1, 2) is composed of rice, fruit, fruit juices and sugar, with vitamin and mineral supplements.He states-.'"Compared to diets previously used in hypertension, the ricefruit-sugar diet is rigid.It contains in 2,000 calories about 5 gms. of fat and 20 gms. of pro- tein derived from rice and fruit . .." (2).Fluids are usually limited to 700-1,000 cc. of fruit juices per day.No added salt is permitted.Kempner further reports: "After two months of rice diet, the nitrogen excretion in the urine averaged 2.26 gm. per 1,000 cc., 2.26 gm. in 24 hours.If an allowance of 0.9 gm. per 24 hours is made for the excretion of nitrogen other than that excreted in the urine, the total nitrogen loss in 24 hours is about 3.16 gm.With a daily intake of 3.2 x 6.25 = 20 gm. of protein, these patients are in protein equilibrium" (1).No analyses of food or fecal nitrogen are reported.In all Kempner's papers it appears that the standard diet used by him contained an estimated 2,000 calories.In some cases where weight loss seemed excessive the caloric value of the diet was increased.However, in 11 of the 12 representative cases reported in his papers (1, 3) the daily caloric intake was 2,000 calories or less.In the 12th case, the intake was 2,400 calories.Body weights in these patients ranged from 54.0 to 93.0 kg., and no attempt was made to adjust intake to body weight or surface area.
GROWTH-INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES IN PNEUMOCOCCUS CULTURES
Authors: Hugh J. Morgan, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

THE KNOWN FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE AUTOINHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PNEUMOCOCCUS ARE: 1. The accumulation of acid products of metabolism, resulting in unfavorable reaction changes in the medium. 2. The exhaustion of the nutritive substances of the medium. 3. Under certain cultural conditions the formation and accumulation of peroxide in the medium.
488 Superior efficacy of twice a week administration of peginterferon alfa-2B plus ribavirine in obtaining SVR in HCV genotype 1
Authors: F. Lodato, F. Azzaroli, M.L. Bacchi, M.T. Tame, A. Colecchia, M. Montagnani, R. Muratori, S. Giovanelli, A. Miracolo, G. Nigro, C. Mwangemi, E. Roda, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Effect of Long-Term Treatment With Metoprolol or Carvedilol on Symptoms, Exercise, Ejection Fraction, and Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure
Authors: Marrick L. Kukin, Jill Kalman, Robert H. Charney, Daniel K. Levy, Cathleen Buchholz-Varley, Ofelia N. Ocampo, Calvin Eng
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —With β-blocker use becoming more prevalent in treating chronic heart failure (CHF), the choice of drugs raises important theoretical and practical questions. Although the second-generation compound metoprolol is β 1 -selective, the third-generation compound carvedilol is β-nonselective, with ancillary pharmacological properties including α-blockade and antioxidant effects. A prospective comparison of these 2 agents can address the issue of optimal adrenergic blockade in selecting agents for therapy in CHF. Methods and Results —Sixty-seven patients with symptomatic stable heart failure were randomly assigned to receive either carvedilol or metoprolol in addition to standard therapy for CHF. Measured variables included symptoms, exercise, ejection fraction, and thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) as an indirect marker of free radical activity. Metoprolol and carvedilol were well tolerated, and both patient groups showed beneficial effects of β-blocker therapy in each of the measured parameters, with no between-group differences. Ejection fraction increased over 6 months from 18±6.3% to 23±8.7% ( P &lt;0.005) with metoprolol and from 19±8.5% to 25±9.9% ( P &lt;0.0005) with carvedilol ( P =NS between groups). With metoprolol, TBARS values decreased from 4.7±0.9 nmol/mL at baseline to 4.2±1.5 nmol/mL at month 4 to 3.9±1.0 nmol/mL at month 6 ( P &lt;0.0001). With carvedilol, there was a parallel decline from 4.7±1.4 to 4.2±1.3 to 4.1±1.2 nmol/mL over the same time frame ( P &lt;0.025), with no between-group difference in these changes. Conclusions —Carvedilol and metoprolol showed parallel beneficial effects in the measured parameters over 6 months, with no relevant between-group differences in this heart failure population.