tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neomycin sensitivity and the MMR vaccine
Authors: R. L. Rietschel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Hypersensitivity to a medication is customarily considered a contraindication to its use. In the case of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine that contains neomycin, the package insert lists hypersensitivity to neomycin as a contraindication to the use of this preparation. Allergy to neomycin is commonly manifested as contact dermatitis and can be proved by patch testing with 20% neomycin in petrolatum or by intradermal testing at a concentration of 1:100.1When the concentration for intradermal testing is decreased to 1:1,000, some persons will have a
Prospective Study of Long-Term Results and Prognostic Factors After Conservative Surgery for Small Bowel Crohn's Disease
Authors: Gianluca M. Sampietro, Fabio Corsi, Giovanni Maconi, Sandro Ardizzone, Alice Frontali, Alberto Corona, Gabriele Bianchi Porro, Diego Foschi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
The Family Man
Authors: Charles Grant Kels
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Normal Contractile State of Hypertrophied Myocardium after Pulmonary Artery Constriction in the Cat
Authors: John F. Williams, Ralph D. Potter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The contractile function of right ventricular papillary muscles from normal cats and cats in which the pulmonary artery had been constricted for 6 or 24 wk was examined. Acute pulmonary artery constriction reduced cross-sectional area by an average of 70%, resulting in a 30% mortality from congestive heart failure, all such deaths occurring within the first 3 wk after banding. The increase in right ventricular mass in animals surviving for 6 or 24 wk was similar, averaging 70%. No banded animals had evidence of congestive heart failure at the time of sacrifice, and cardiac output and right atrial pressures were similar to those in control animals.6 wk after banding, the active length-tension curve, maximal rate of rise of isometric force, force-velocity relations, and isometric force with paired stimulation and norepinephrine were all significantly depressed when compared to their respective values in control animals. In contrast, none of these variables was significantly different from control values in animals banded for 24 wk. These observations indicate that depressed contractile state is not a fundamental characteristic of pressure-induced hypertrophied myocardium and reemphasize the important temporal relationship between contractile state and the imposition of sudden sustained loads.
Effect of 3-Methylcholanthrene and X Irradiation, Given Singly or Combined, on Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Claire J. Shellabarger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single, infra-gastric administration of 40 mg of 3-methylcholanthrene on the 40th day of age, or 400 R of total-body X radiation on the 50th day, or both, or the sequence of administration of the two carcinogenic agents was reversed. The percentage of rats with one or more mammary adenocarcinomas and the total number of mammary adenocarcinomas were obtained when the animals were killed at 140 days of age. The results were interpreted to mean that X irradiation and 3-methylcholanthrene were additive.
Supervision of Psychotherapy with Videotape: Pros and Cons
Authors: PAUL CHODOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Videotape can markedly enhance supervision of the psychotherapist in training. It accurately records the session for later discussion and uniquely permits observation of the participants' nonverbal communication. However, the system is time-consuming and examines only the details of the psychotherapy. The author believes that a combination of videotape and freewheeling. imaginative discussion and synthesis of the case as a whole constitutes the most effective way of conveying to the beginning psychotherapist those elements of psychotherapy which can be learned through supervision.
The absorption of hexachlorophane from Ultralanum ointment
Authors: PATRICK G.T.BYE, WARWICK MORISON, ELLEN L.RHODES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The application of Ultralanum ointment to adult skin cases has produced levels of hexachlorophane in the plasma comparable with those found in infants who have undergone whole-body washing with hexachlorophane solutions. Clinical evidence of toxicity was not observed, but it is felt that the value of hexachlorophane in topical steroid preparations should be re-appraised, particularly for long-term treatment of large eczematous areas.
<i>In utero</i> exposure to lead and cord blood total IgE. Is there a connection?
Authors: I. Annesi‐Maesano, R. Pollitt, G. King, J. Bousquet, G. Hellier, J. Sahuquillo, G. Huel
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Lead exposure and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) have been shown to be positively related in animals and humans even at lead levels below those recognized as toxic. In the last decades, exposure to lead has become more frequent in urban areas of industrialized as well as of developing countries where IgE‐mediated allergy prevalence has also increased. Methods: We examined for the first time the relationship between in utero exposure to lead and cord blood total IgE in two samples of 137 and 237 mother–newborn pairs, respectively, recruited in Paris. Results: Cord blood IgE was positively related to hair lead level at birth, providing an integrated measure of long‐term exposure in utero, in each cohort (Spearman's coefficient r = 0.32, P &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.19, P &lt; 0.01, respectively) and in the combined cohort ( r = 0.21; P &lt; 0.01). The relationship appeared to be more pronounced in newborns of nonallergic mothers ( r = 0.24; P &lt; 0.01) than in those of allergic mothers ( r = 0.12). This could be due to the fact that familial history of allergy, the strongest determinant of IgE development, may overshadow the influence of lead on IgE in the offspring. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a possible intervention of environmental exposure besides genetic factors in early life development of IgE production. Further studies are needed to confirm the finding.
Measurement of Pulmonary Edema
Authors: MORTON LEE PEARCE, JOE YAMASHITA, JAMES BEAZELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Two methods for the measurement of pulmonary edema are compared. The first method, which permits serial measurements in vivo, depends on the difference in mean transit time of a water label and an intravascular label. The second method is a postmortem one in which total lung water is measured and allocated to the pulmonary blood or to pulmonary extravascular water. Three groups of six dogs each were studied: controls, a group with pulmonary edema produced by elevating pulmonary venous pressure, and a group with pulmonary edema produced by alloxan. The isotopic as compared with the postmortem method accounted for 71% of the pulmonary extravascular water found in the controls, 94% in high pressure edema and 57% in alloxan edema. Shunting, as measured by a large fall in PaO 2 despite 100% oxygen breathing, became marked in a second group of five alloxan dogs and only 31% of the postmortem pulmonary extravascular water was measured by the isotope method. It is concluded that the isotope transit time method is a useful one for the serial measurement of pulmonary edema in vivo. The edema water is determined more accurately when pulmonary edema is due to elevated pulmonary venous pressure than when due to increased vascular permeability.
AZD6244 enhances the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib in ectopic and orthotopic models of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Hung Huynh, Van Chanh Ngo, Heng Nung Koong, Donald Poon, Su Pin Choo, Han Chong Toh, Choon Hua Thng, Pierce Chow, Hock Soo Ong, Alexander Chung, Boon Cher Goh, Paul D. Smith, Khee Chee Soo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Set of simple side-room urine tests for detection of inborn errors of metabolism.
Authors: N. R. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1968)

search for further rapid and economical methods of detecting metabolic diseases. The success of the ferric chloride and more recently Guthrie's bacterial inhibition tests for the detection of phenylketonuria is well established, and wide-scale surveys based on these tests have yielded much information regarding the incidence of phenylketonuria in newborn infants and also in the apparently normal population. More recently the use of one-dimensional paper chromatography for amino-acids2 3 or other simple chemical tests4 in large-scale screening pro grammes has revealed the existence of many other previously unsuspected inborn errors of metabolism.5 6 It is not yet pos sible to treat all of these disorders. However, increased recog nition of rare metabolic disease through such programmes has led to the development of successful treatment in several dis orders provided that the disease is recognized in early life before the onset of mental retardation or other systemic manifesta tions.' The diseases which are known to be caused by inborn errors of metabolism are clinically so diverse8 that it may appear confusing to consider them collectively. However, the common factor that justifies grouping them together is that the correct diagnosis can always be established by appropriate biochemical tests even when no clinical evidence exists of the underlying metabolic disorder. The main difficulty in diagnosing these diseases lies in deciding which patients merit the detailed and often costly laboratory investigations necessary to identify the biochemical defect. It is therefore advantageous to develop a programme of screening tests which can be economically applied to large numbers of samples to detect abnormal metabolites, and in this way select the patients who should be further investi gated.
Interrelationships of Hepatic Blood Flow, Cardiac Output, and Blood Levels of Lidocaine in Man
Authors: ROBERT E. STENSON, ROBERT T. CONSTANTINO, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Factors that regulate the arterial level of lidocaine during a constant infusion were investigated in 17 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Lidocaine was administered by a 50 mg bolus, followed by a constant infusion of 40 µg/kg/min until steady state conditions were achieved. Cardiac output and estimated hepatic blood flow were also determined. An inverse relationship between arterial lidocaine levels and cardiac index was observed. With a low cardiac index of 1.9 ± 0.3 liters/min/m 2 the arterial level was 2.4 (±0.4 sem ) µg/ml, while with a normal cardiac index of 3.3 ± 0.8 liters/min/m 2 it was 1.5 (±0.2 sem ) µ/ml. A linear relationship was also observed between estimated hepatic blood flow and cardiac index. Therefore, an inverse relationship between arterial lidocaine levels and estimated hepatic blood flow was noted. At steady-state conditions, the liver accounted for 70% (±16% sem ) of the metabolism or removal of the lidocaine administered. These studies suggest that the administration of smaller doses of lidocaine will produce effective therapeutic levels when reduced hepatic blood flow exists.
A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN IVUS AND PRESSURE WIRE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF INTERMEDIATE CORONARY LESIONS
Authors: Jose M. de la Torre Hernandez, Ramon Lopez Palop, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Pliar Carrillo, Gonzalo Martin Gorria, Araceli Frutos, Blanca Arnaez, Julian Roldan, Dae–Hyun Lee, Fermin Sainz Laso, Javier Zueco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Surfactant Proteins A and D in Children with Pulmonary Disease due to Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Matthias Griese, Niels Maderlechner, Peter Ahrens, Richard Kitz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Children with gastroesophageal reflux often suffer from chronic, severe lung damage and recurrent infections. The mechanisms may involve reflux induced lung injury with alterations of the surfactant proteins (SP) SP-A and SP-D, which bind specifically to various microbes and increase their elimination by granular leukocytes and macrophages. In 20 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) the bronchoalveolar lavage content and macromolecular organization of SP-A and SP-D was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and gel chromatography. For comparison, lavages from 17 children without respiratory diseases were investigated. Both, SP-A and SP-D were significantly reduced in children with GERD—median (25, 75 percentiles) SP-A: 362 (169, 494) ng/ml versus 867 (656, 1,761) in control subjects and SP-D: 174 (73, 456) ng/ml versus 518 (295, 748) ng/ml in control subjects. The more active, higher molecular weight oligomers of SP-A and especially those of SP-D were diminished, whereas the smaller sized forms of SP-D were markedly increased. In children with GERD, significantly reduced amounts of SP-A and SP-D and an altered structural organization of the surfactant protein oligomers were demonstrated. Such impairments of central components of the innate host defense system may contribute to the pathogenesis of the chronic lung disease commonly observed in these children.
Leads from the MMWR
Authors: John Maurice
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Advice on alcohol consumption has narrow perspective
Authors: S. Jayasinghe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

outcomes study had a range of purposes.The two methodologies have a complementary finction and should not be promoted as polar opposites.Each methodology, however, is grounded in a distinct paradigm; in particular, qualitative methods are more concerned with developing adequate conceptual frameworks than with establishing generalisability.We suggest that, although it is common, it is inappropriate to judge qualitative methods from a quantitative standpoint, as Bisset and Chesson are attempting to do.
Calcium Entry Blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Calcium entry blockers will be increasingly used for the treatment of hypertension. The currently available calcium entry blockers are similar in antihypertensive efficacy but differ in their effects on the atrioventricular node and the degree of peripheral vasodilatory action. The new generation of dihydropyridine calcium entry blockers exhibits more specific vasodilatory actions with a less negative inotropic effect, which may affect their use in patients with congestive heart failure. The responsiveness to these drugs is little affected by race or age. Because of their mild natriuretic action, the concomitant use of dietary sodium restriction or diuretics may be less necessary. Short-term administration of calcium entry blockers preserves or improves renal function; however, their long-term effect has not been documented. Calcium entry blockers have not exhibited protection against coronary heart disease, but experimental evidence supports the continued search for cardioprotection. Calcium entry blockers are important drugs for the treatment of hypertension; the second generation may provide additional benefits because of its more specific pharmacologic actions.
Inhibition of kinin formation by a kallikrein inhibitor during extracorporeal circulation in open-heart surgery.
Authors: H Nagaoka, M Katori
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Involvement of the kinin system was studied in 58 patients during extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery. At the onset of extracorporeal circulation, there was no increase of free kinin in blood and no reduction of plasma kininogen, when the latter was expressed as mug bradykinin/mg plasma protein. With the lapse of time, kinin in the blood increased significantly, and decrease of kininogen was also significant. The longer the circulation time, the greater the consumption of kininogen. The site of the kinin formation was presumed to be the heart-lung machine since the level of kinin increased slightly and kininogen decreased gradually in the blood leaving the machine, compared with those levels entering the machine. The difference in kininogen was significantly different from zero at termination of extracorporeal circulation. Administration of a kallikrein-trypsin inhibitor, trasylol (A. G. Bayer), infused into the heart-lung machine, prevented the decrease of kininogen. Reduction of the total peripheral resistance during this circulation was also prevented. The hemoconcentration, presumably the result of vascular permeability increase caused by increased kinin, was prevented by trasylol in cases in which extracorporeal circulation lasted over 60 minutes. Trasylol applied thus appears to be an effective counteragent for circulatory disturbances which occur during extracorporeal circulation.
98.6°F
Authors: John S. Edelsberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent study of normal body temperature by Mackowiak et al<sup>1</sup>should help to discredit the special significance of 37.0°C (98.6°F)—surely the best known number in all of medicine, but one without any particular clinical relevance. As they suggest, no single value of mean body temperature has much clinical importance because of individual and population variability; it is much more useful to know the upper limits of normal for morning and evening, the trough and peak of the diurnal variation. For several reasons, however, the limits found in their study may underestimate the true upper limits of normal. First, women comprised only 17% of their study population, but probably have slightly higher upper limits of normal than do men. Second, because they recorded only the 6 PM and midnight temperatures of their subjects, they may have missed the evening maximum temperature, which a small but thorough
Nitric oxide production by human proximal tubular cells: A novel immunomodulatory mechanism?
Authors: James S. McLay, Prabal Chatterjee, A. Graham Nicolson, Allan G. Jardine, Neil G. McKay, Stuart H. Ralston, Peter Grabowski, Neva E. Haites, Allison M. MacLeod, Gabrielle M. Hawksworth
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Octreotide in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: D SHOUVAL
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page442 

In this issue Kouroumalis et al (see page 442) report extended survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue. Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide consisting of 14 amino acids which regulates growth hormone release. It is the product of a multigene family of peptides with two biological derivatives, namely somatostatin 14 and 28. Somatostatin regulates release of growth hormone, thyrotropin and acts as an autocrine and paracrine molecule to suppress neurotransmission, immunocyte activity, smooth muscle contractility, and uptake of nutrients. (reviewed by Lamberts et al 1). Somatostatin action is mediated through a specific receptor (SSR). Somatostatin suppresses pituitary and adrenal secretion of growth hormone or thyrotropin after surgery, and inhibits secretory activity of metastatic islet cell tumours such as vipoma, glucagonoma and metastatic carcinoid. It has also been reported to be beneficial in reducing splanchnic circulation and controlling bleeding from oesophageal varices, suppression of fluid secretion by pancreatic and enteric fistula as well as secretory diarrhoea.

Somatostatin receptors were identified recently in a variety of malignant tumours including lung and ovary carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of breast, kidney, colon, and even lymphomas.2-5 However, the heterogeneous expression of SSR on the various tumours makes assessment of the antitumour effect(s) of somatostatin difficult.6 Octreotide exerts a cell growth regulatory or suppressive effect in various tumours. This effect may operate through inhibition of growth hormone secretion, insulin and gastrointestinal hormones and/or direct effect(s) on production of insulin-like growth factor I or its binding proteins as well as direct inhibition of angiogenesis. On a molecular level, there is evidence that …
Chemokine decoy receptor D6 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colon cancer: Figure 1
Authors: Colm B Collins, Eoin N McNamee, Joshua D Wermers, Matthew D P Lebsack, Jesús Rivera-Nieves
Journal: Gut (2010)

Thirteen years ago the first decoy receptor was identified (ie, IL-1 receptor type II). Lacking a cytoplasmic domain, it binds IL-1β, without triggering signal transduction. Thus the receptor was defined as “structurally incapable of transducing signal but able to recognise the agonist with high affinity and specificity”1 acting as a “sink” to prevent ligand activity. Since then, other cytokines and chemokines (mostly pro-inflammatory) have been found to be similarly regulated.2 Their mechanism of action is to compete with functional receptors for ligand binding and in some instances target the complex for degradation. Several decoy receptors for the chemokine family have been identified (eg, D6, DARC and CCXCKR). Common to all are mutations in or around the DRY motif that prevent G protein coupling and intracellular signal transduction.

D6 was first cloned in 19973 and its designation is that of the clone from which the cDNA was isolated (G Graham, personal communication, 13 August 2009). In D6 the DRYLAIV motif is replaced to DKYLEIV and just one substitution to DKYLAIV restores weak signal transduction capacity.4 D6 scavenges pro-inflammatory CC chemokines (ie, CCL2,3,4,7,8,11,13,17,22,23,24, CCL3L1) while sparing homeostatic CC chemokines, or those from other subfamilies.1 To accomplish this, D6 constitutively shuttles to and from the cell surface via recycling endosomes. Sensitive to the low pH of endosomes, internalised chemokines are released and degraded, allowing D6 to return to the cell surface, in a process …