tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergen concentrations in homes of asthmatic children in the northeastern United States: impact of socioeconomic factors and population density.
Authors: Brian P Leaderer, Kathleen Belanger, Elizabeth Triche, Theodore Holford, Diane R Gold, Young Kim, Thomas Jankun, Ping Ren, Jean-ellen McSharry Je, Thomas A E Platts-Mills, Martin D Chapman, Michael B Bracken
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Home exposures to aeroallergens are an important environmental factor in allergic sensitization and in the development and exacerbation of asthma. We assessed variations in home concentrations of dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergens in dust collected in the main living areas of asthmatics' homes by family income, mother's education, dwelling type, population density, household population density, and ethnicity in Connecticut and south-central Massachusetts. Dust samples were collected at the time of home interview in 999 homes as part of an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort study of 1,002 infants and their asthmatic siblings. The analysis employed lower and upper cut points for group 1 dust mite (> or = 2.0 microg/g and > or = 10 microg/g), cockroach (> or = 1.0 U/g and > or = 4.0 U/g), cat (> or = 1.0 microg/g and > or = 8.0 ug/g), and dog (> or = 2.0 microg/g and > or = 10.0 microg/g) allergens. Subject residences were geocoded to assess population density from the U.S. Census, and multiple logistic regression was used to control for confounding. The portion of homes at the lower cut point for dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergens were 46.9%, 24.9%, 42.2%, and 35.6%, respectively; the upper cut point for each of the allergens was reached in 22.4%, 13.4%, 21.0%, and 22.9% of the homes, respectively. In all, 86.0% of the homes had at least one allergen at the lower cut point, and 58.0% had at least one allergen at the upper cut point. Forty-nine percent of the homes had two or more allergens at the lower cut point, and 19.7% had two or more allergens at the upper cut point. Higher education of the mother, higher household income, living in a single-family home in a less densely populated area with fewer people per room, and being a white household were associated with elevated dust mite, cat, and dog allergens and low cockroach allergen. In contrast, low income, living in a multifamily home in a high population density area with a higher occupancy rate per room, and being a Hispanic or black household were associated with elevated cockroach allergens and low concentrations of dust mite, cat, and dog allergens. Although the presence of an individual allergen is more likely associated with one or more socioeconomic or ethnic factors, most homes typically have multiple allergen burdens in excess of concentrations thought to be associated with sensitization and exacerbation of asthma. Mite and cockroach allergens have distinct and opposite associations with socioeconomic factors and population density.
Climate change already costs 150 000 lives a year, experts say
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

As the Kyoto protocol came into force last week, UK experts on climate change warned in a study published last week in the Canadian Medical Association's journal that if greenhouse gas emissions were not reduced “the health burdens of climate change are likely to approximately double by 2020, mostly because of increased rates of diarrhoeal disease and malnutrition in low-income countries” ( CMAJ 2005;172: 501-2).

Sari Kovats, a lecturer in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and …
Prognostic Value of Changes in the Electrocardiographic Strain Pattern During Antihypertensive Treatment
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Markku S. Nieminen, Jonathan M. Edelman, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The presence of the ECG strain pattern of lateral ST depression and T-wave inversion at baseline has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, the independent predictive value for cardiovascular outcomes of regression versus persistence versus development of new ECG strain during antihypertensive therapy is unclear.ECG strain was evaluated at baseline and after 1 year of therapy in 7409 hypertensive patients in the LIFE study (Losartan Intervention For End-point reduction in hypertension) treated in a blinded manner with atenolol- or losartan-based regimens. During 3.8+/-0.8 years of follow-up after the year 1 ECG, cardiovascular death occurred in 236 patients (3.2%), myocardial infarction in 198 (2.7%), stroke in 313 (4.2%), the LIFE composite end point of these 3 events in 600 (8.1%), sudden death in 92 (1.2%), and death due to any cause in 486 (6.6%). Strain was absent on both baseline and year 1 ECGs in 6323 patients (85.3%), regressed from baseline to year 1 in 245 (3.3%), persisted on both ECGs in 549 (7.4%), and was absent at baseline but developed by year 1 in 292 patients (3.9%). Compared with absence of strain on both ECGs, development of new ECG strain was associated with 2.8- to 4.7-fold higher event rates; patients with regression or persistence of strain had intermediate event rates. In Cox multivariable analyses with adjustment for the known predictive value of in-treatment ECG left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage, in-treatment systolic and diastolic pressure, randomized treatment, and standard cardiovascular risk factors, development of new ECG strain was independently associated with increased risks of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56 to 3.76), myocardial infarction (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.44), stroke (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.01), the LIFE composite end point (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.78), sudden cardiac death (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.53), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.69), whereas the risk associated with regression or persistence of strain was attenuated.Development of new ECG strain is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and of all-cause mortality in the setting of antihypertensive therapy and regression of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy.
In Vivo Detection of Apoptosis in an Intracardiac Tumor
Authors: L. Hofstra, E. A. Dumont, P. W. L. Thimister, G. A. K. Heidendal, A. P. DeBruine, T. W. O. Elenbaas, H. H. Boersma, W. L. van Heerde, C. P. M. Reutelingsperger
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adverse Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Joseph Fermaglich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Anticonvulsant therapy requires a commitment of one to many years. Multiple-drug administration is also not uncommon. Therefore, complications of treatment are pertinent considerations. Recent techniques in monitoring plasma concentrations have been helpful, yet adverse effects of anticonvulsants are frequent.  Schmidt has divided this book into three segments. The first describes the mechanisms of adverse effects; the second, adverse effects on organ systems; and the third, side effects of individual drugs or genera of drugs.  In the first chapter, the division of pharmacologic and clinical factors is helpful, and the mechanisms of production of side effects are mentioned. This chapter eases the reader into the descriptions of complications affecting specific organ systems. While some organ systems are treated almost entirely, the descriptions of others suffer from excessive brevity. Later in the text, in a repetitious manner, the drugs are described independently with listings of complications. Here again, brevity is a disadvantage
External Pneumatic Calf Compression in Patients with Malignancy
Authors: Joe H. Dwek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1988External Pneumatic Calf Compression in Patients with MalignancyJoe H. Dwek, MD, Daniel D. Buff, MDJoe H. Dwek, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Daniel D. Buff, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-344_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: External pneumatic compression of the calves has been recognized as an effective means of preventing morbidity and mortality from deep venous thrombosis in the surgical patient (1). In addition to stimulating the pumping action of calf muscles, these devices can enhance systemic fibrinolysis. We describe the case of a patient who had a fatal pulmonary embolus that may have been induced by external pneumatic compression.A 63-year-old white man had a left extrapleural pneumonectomy to remove a mesothelioma. Other than having a malignancy, he had no risk factors for thromboembolic disease and laboratory results were unremarkable. During...References1. . Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. JAMA. 1986;256:744-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. OsterTudenColditz GRG. A cost-effectiveness analysis of pro-phylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in major orthopedic surgery. JAMA. 1987;257:203-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Clarke-PearsonSynanHinshawColemanCreasman DIWRW. Prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism by external pneumatic calf compression in patients with gynecologic malignancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1984;63:92-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Clarke-PearsonCreasmanColemanSynanHinshaw DWRIW. Perioperative external pneumatic calf compression as thromboembolism prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology: report of a randomized, controlled trial. Gynecol Oncol. 1984;18:226-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LeeTrainorKavnerMaddenDratzEjercito BFDJHE. Noninvasive prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Am Fam Physician. 1976;14:128-34. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Booth Memorial Hospital Center Flushing, NY 11355 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 4Page: 344-345KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisFibrinolysisMedical risk factorsMesotheliomaMorbidityMortalityMusclesPneumoniaResearch laboratories Issue Published: 15 August 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Shortening the Medical School Curriculum
Authors: R.G.B. Bjornson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gullen (<b>218</b>:742, 1971) observed that ... barring other concomitant changes such as increasing the size of each medical school class, the increase in the number of physicians produced by reducing the medical school course from four years to three would be a one-time bonus equal to one year's class and would not be recurrent. If we assume yearly graduations and administrative willingness to reduce school size (reduction in total number of enrolled students in a corollary of reducing the medical school course from four years to three, assuming no change in class size) by 25%, his point seems valid; without attrition, yearly graduations will equal yearly admissions. But the assumptions themselves seem unreasonable. The accelerated program during World War II compressed four academic years into three calendar years, with graduations every nine months and a quantity gain of 4:3 without increase in class size. Even with yearly
Advanced Materials for Co‐Delivery of Drugs and Genes in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Majad Khan, Zhan Yuin Ong, Nikken Wiradharma, Amalina Bte Ebrahim Attia, Yi‐Yan Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract With cancer being the major cause of mortality worldwide, the continued development of safe and efficacious treatments is warranted. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism and genetic basis of tumor initiation and progression, coupled with advances in chemistry, molecular biology and engineering have led to discovery of a wide range of therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. However, multidrug‐resistance, which is mainly caused by malfunction of genes, has become a major problem in chemotherapy. To overcome this problem, the simultaneous delivery of genes to cancer cells has been proposed to correct the malfunctioned genes to sensitize the cells to chemotherapeutics. This progress report summarizes key advances in drug and gene delivery with focus on the development of polymers, peptides, liposomes and inorganic materials as nanocarriers for co‐delivery of small molecular drugs and macromolecular genes or proteins. In addition, challenges and future perspectives in the design of nanocarriers for the co‐delivery of therapeutic drugs and genes are discussed.
Interferon-γ Production by Neutrophils during Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice
Authors: Mitsuhiro Yamada, John C. Gomez, Pauline E. Chugh, Clifford A. Lowell, Mary C. Dinauer, Dirk P. Dittmer, Claire M. Doerschuk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Neutrophils are usually the first circulating leukocytes to respond during bacterial pneumonia. Their expression of oxidants, proteases, and other mediators present in granules is well documented, but their ability to produce mediators through transcription and translation after migration to an inflammatory site has been appreciated only more recently. Interferon (IFN)-γ is a cytokine with many functions important in host defense and immunity.To examine the expression and function of IFN-γ in bacterial pneumonias.IFN-γ mRNA and protein were measured in digests of mouse lungs with 24-hour bacterial pneumonia. Bacterial clearance was studied with IFN-γ-deficient mice.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus each induce expression of IFN-γ mRNA and protein by neutrophils by 24 hours. Only neutrophils that have migrated into pneumonic tissue produce IFN-γ. Deficiency of Hck/Fgr/Lyn, Rac2, or gp91(phox) prevents IFN-γ production. IFN-γ enhances bacterial clearance and is required for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli induce production of IFN-γ mRNA but not protein. During pneumonia induced by E. coli but not S. pneumoniae, neutrophils produce microRNAs that target the 3' untranslated region of the IFN-γ gene.S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, but not P. aeruginosa and E. coli, induce emigrated neutrophils to produce IFN-γ within 24 hours. Hck/Fgr/Lyn, Rac2, and NADPH oxidase are required for IFN-γ production. IFN-γ facilitates bacterial clearance at least in part through regulating formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Differential expression by neutrophils of microRNAs that target the 3' untranslated region of the IFN-γ gene may contribute to the pathogen-specific regulation of translation.
Aβ Plaques Lead to Aberrant Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis In Vivo Resulting in Structural and Functional Disruption of Neuronal Networks
Authors: Kishore V. Kuchibhotla, Samuel T. Goldman, Carli R. Lattarulo, Hai-Yan Wu, Bradley T. Hyman, Brian J. Bacskai
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Left ventricular volume from paired biplane two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: N B Schiller, H Acquatella, T A Ports, D Drew, J Goerke, H Ringertz, N H Silverman, B Brundage, E H Botvinick, R Boswell, E Carlsson, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To evaluate the applicability of two-dimensional echocardiography to left ventricular volume determination, 30 consecutive patients undergoing biplane left ventricular cineangiography were studied with a wide-angle (84 degrees), phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiographic system. Two echographic projections were used to obtain paired, biplane, tomographic images of the left ventricle. We used the short-axis view (from the precordial window) as an anolog of the left anterior oblique angiogram, and the long-axis, two-chamber view (from the apex impulse window) as a right anterior oblique angiographic equivalent. A modified Simpson's rule formula was used to calculate systolic and diastolic left ventricular volumes from the biplane echogram and the biplane angiogram. These methods correlated well for ejection fraction (r = 0.87) and systolic volume (r = 0.90), but only modestly for diastolic volume (r = 0.80). These correlations are noteworthy because 65% of the patients had significant segmental wall motion abnormalities. The volumes determined from the minor-axis dimensions of M-mode echograms in 23 of the same patients correlated poorly with angiography.
Effects of rehabilitative exercise on peripheral muscle TNF , IL-6, IGF-I and MyoD expression in patients with COPD
Authors: I. Vogiatzis, G. Stratakos, D. C M Simoes, G. Terzis, O. Georgiadou, C. Roussos, S. Zakynthinos
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Skeletal muscle wasting commonly occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been associated with the presence of systemic inflammation. This study investigated whether rehabilitative exercise training decreases the levels of systemic or local muscle inflammation or reverses the abnormalities associated with muscle deconditioning. <h3>Methods:</h3> Fifteen patients with COPD (mean (SE) forced expiratory volume in 1 s 36 (4)% predicted) undertook high-intensity exercise training 3 days/week for 10 weeks. Before and after the training programme the concentration of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma was determined by ELISA, and vastus lateralis mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-6, total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its isoform mechanogrowth factor (MGF) and myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD) were assessed by real-time PCR. Protein levels of TNFα, IGF-I and MyoD were measured by Western blotting. <h3>Results:</h3> Rehabilitation improved peak exercise work rate by 10 (2%) (p = 0.004) and mean fibre cross-sectional area from 4061 (254) μm<sup>2</sup> to 4581 (241) μm<sup>2</sup> (p = 0.001). Plasma inflammatory mediators and vastus lateralis expression of TNFα and IL-6 were not significantly modified by training. In contrast, there was a significant increase in mRNA expression of IGF-I (by 67 (22)%; p = 0.044), MGF (by 67 (15)%; p = 0.002) and MyoD (by 116 (30)%; p = 0.001). The increase observed at the mRNA level was also seen at the protein level for IGF-I (by 72 (36)%; p = 0.046) and MyoD (by 67 (21)%; p = 0.012). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Pulmonary rehabilitation can induce peripheral muscle adaptations and modifications in factors regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regeneration without decreasing the levels of systemic or local muscle inflammation.
Histocompatibility antigen-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. II. Estimates of the frequency and specificity of precursors.
Authors: K F Lindahl, D B Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Using limiting dilutions of responding cells in mouse mixed leukocyte cultures, we obtained direct estimates of the minimum frequency of precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL.P) for a variety of antigens. Depending on the strain combination, there were as many as 4-15 CTL.P reactive to DBA/2 among 10(4) lymph node cells. Taking into account that only 5-10% of peripheral T lymphocytes have the potential to develop into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (6), this implies that at least 1-2% of all CTL.P are responsive to any given H-2 haplotype difference. Precursors of cytotoxic cells thus have the same high frequency of cells reactive to alloantigens of the major histocompatibility complex as found among proliferating cells in graft-vs.-host reactions and mixed lymphocyte interactions. The frequencies of CTL.P reactive to xenoantigens (rat) or trinitrophenyl-modified self were less than half the frequency of alloreactive CTL.P. A minority of the CTL.P specific for one H-2 haplotype were also reactive to a third party H-2 haplotype, presumably on the basis of recognition of shared determinants. By dilution of sensitized cells from single microcultures, it was shown that a single CTL.P undergoes a minimum of three to four cell divisions and generates at least 8-16 CTLs after antigenic activation.
"DENY" IN CASE REPORTS: A MUCH NEEDED CRITICISM
Authors: Paul Titus
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —Until recently, physicians taking histories have permitted patients to state facts regarding their previous ailments and ills, without being especially incredulous if the patients' assertions referred to some such ordinary disease as chickenpox or measles. According to the usual case history which one reads nowadays, the patient is never permitted merely to say he has never had a venereal disease, but he must perforce  such a thing.  Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines  as follows: (1) To declare not to be true; (2) contradict; (3) to reject as a false conception; (4) to refuse to grant or gratify (as a request); (5) to refuse to accept. It is apparent, therefore, that in order to deny something, (1) some one must have declared it to be true; (2) or an assertion must have been made which had to be contradicted; (3) or, at least, one must have formed
A high polymerized grass pollen extract is efficacious and safe in a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study using a novel up‐dosing cluster‐protocol
Authors: L. Klimek, J. Uhlig, R. Mösges, K. Rettig, O. Pfaar
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Cluster immunotherapy represents an interesting alternative to conventional up-dosing schedules because it allows achieving the maintenance dose within a shorter time interval. In this study, the efficacy and safety of cluster immunotherapy with a high polymerized allergen extract of a grass/rye pollen mixture have been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
Are low cholesterol values associated with excess mortality?
Authors: C E Salmond, R Beaglehole, I A Prior
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality was studied prospectively over 17 years in 630 New Zealand Maoris aged 25-74. The dead or alive state of each person was determined in 1981. The causes of death were divided into three categories: cancer, cardiovascular disease, and "other." Using univariate and both linear and non-linear multivariate methods of analysis for survivorship data, significant inverse relations with serum cholesterol were found for total mortality in women, for mortality from cancer in men and women, and for other causes of mortality in both men and women. The inverse and non-linear association with total mortality in women remained significant when deaths in the first five years of follow up were excluded. This suggests that the association was not explained by undetected illness causing low cholesterol concentrations at the time of initial examination.