tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INEFFICACY OF SODIUM BISMUTH TRIGLYCOLLAMATE IN THE TREATMENT OF WARTS.
Authors: E. LIPMAN COHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article INEFFICACY OF SODIUM BISMUTH TRIGLYCOLLAMATE IN THE TREATMENT OF WARTS. Get access E. LIPMAN COHEN E. LIPMAN COHEN Dermatologist, Oldchurch Hospital, Romford and St. Margaret's Hospital, Epping, Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 7, 1 July 1958, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13334.x Published: 01 July 1958
All-trans-retinoic acid-induced myositis: A description of two patients
Authors: Hans J.J. van der Vliet, Arthur E. Roberson, Marie C. Hogan, Carlos E. Morales, Scott C. Crader, Louis Letendre, Rajiv K. Pruthi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) induces complete clinical remissions in a high proportion of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and has become the standard induction therapy. Its use as a single agent results in short-lived remissions; thus, cytotoxic drugs are used for "consolidation" therapy. Side effects reported during treatment with ATRA include retinoic acid syndrome and Sweet's syndrome. Sweet's syndrome has been associated with acute myelogenous leukemia at presentation, but only two cases of Sweet's syndrome involving the musculoskeletal system in patients treated with ATRA have been described. We describe two additional patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia who had unexplained fever and myalgias (cutaneous lesions in one patient) during induction therapy with ATRA. Radiologic findings were similar to those in previously reported ATRA-associated Sweet's syndrome of the musculoskeletal system. The clinical course was characterized by a rapid resolution of the symptoms during treatment with dexamethasone. Recognition of the syndrome is important, especially considering the rapid resolution of symptoms after early institution of therapy with corticosteroids. Am. J. Hematol. 63:94–98, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Empiricism, Rationalism, and Diabetes
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The CENTRAL PROBLEM of medicine may be phrased in the simple question, how can we best treat the patient? But after we grant that the patient's welfare is the center of all medical activity, we must then ask,<i>why</i>do we treat him in the way we do? Why use this treatment rather than that? In general the physician can offer one or both of two answers: (a)<i>Experience</i>shows that this treatment works. (b)<i>Reason</i>shows that it ought to work. These two categories, experience and reason, empiricism and rationalism, represent two polar aspects of medicine, the practice and the theory, the clinic and the textbook. We might say that empiricism indicates<i>how</i>to do something, while rationalism tells us<i>why</i>we do it. This distinction has run all through medical history. There were those who stressed the doing and those who stressed the explaining. Hippocrates, the great figure
Diarrhea from Dietetic Candies
Authors: Joyce D. Gryboski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN recent years "sugarless" candies and soft drinks containing sorbitol, marinitol or both as replacement for sucrose and starches1 have been consumed in increasing quantities by children. The hexitols, recommended in weight-reduction programs and for the prevention of dental caries, present the advantage of being acted upon slowly by bacteria of the oral cavity and of being slowly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.2 Because of these very properties diarrhea may follow the ingestion of sufficient quantities of the sugar alcohols.Case ReportD.G., a well developed, well nourished 24 month-old boy, had been free from gastrointestinal symptoms. One day, 2 . . .
Dipyridamole-Thallium Scanning in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery
Authors: Ronald M. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I was delighted to see the recent contribution by Eagle et al, 1 which sheds much-needed light on the unresolved problem of perioperative risk assessment. Within the limits of the population studied, they present useful guidelines for when and how to apply dipyridamole-thallium scans. I will certainly try to incorporate their findings into my practice of anesthesiology.  I must point out, however, that the authors have perpetuated a misnomer that seems to have arisen in the important article by Goldman et al. 2 Both articles refer to the Dripps—American Surgical Association [ sic ] risk classification. Dr Dripps, long-time chairman of the Department of Anesthesia at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, was one of the great figures in the modern history of that specialty, and ASA stands for American Society of Anesthesiologists. (I am personally unaware of a group called the American Surgical Association.)  The idea of physical status
Four pillars of academic medicine need to be restored
Authors: Somnath Mukhopadhyay
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Family history of breast cancer Referral guidelines changed after acceptance of 10 minute consultationEditor-In their 10 minute consultation on family history of breast cancer Lucassen and Watson drew attention to the recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) on familial breast cancer. 1 2 It is unfortunate that the referral criteria were changed between the acceptance of this article in December 2003 and the final published guidelines in June 2004, which would result in the referral of the patient highlighted in the article for potential mammography screening, rather than for her reassurance.Women aged 40-49 years at moderate risk of breast cancer are entitled to annual mammograms. 2 The definition of moderate risk was based on a risk of at least 3% over the 10 year period from the age of 40 to 50.Available evidence, particularly from combined analyses of case-control studies of familial risks, 3 indicates that a woman reaches this category with a first degree relative (mother or sister) with breast cancer when younger than 40 years or two relatives on the same side of the family (one first degree and one second degree or two first degree) diagnosed at any age.The latter category differs from the draft NICE guidelines and previous referral criteria, which required that the two relatives be diagnosed at an average age of less than 60. 4 This age restriction was removed because it could not be justified on the basis of the available data.It should be noted, however, that referral on the basis of two elderly close relatives is likely to be restricted to the age groups of 30-49, with referral of only high risk groups (for example, two affected relatives diagnosed at an average age of less than 50 years) outside this age group.
Violence on Television
Authors: Samuel A. Nigro
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "The Effect of Television Violence on Children and Youth" by Michael B. Rothenberg, MD, omits two fundamental realities that need facing when one grapples with the television-violence issue. First is the reality that an overwhelming majority of citizens of all age, racial, ethnic, religious, educational, and economic levels watch television. These citizens determine the success or failure of any program. The more watching, the more advertisers are willing to sponsor a program. Either with enthusiasm or with passionate rejection, the violence objected to by Dr Rothenberg is viewed by an overwhelming percentage of people. They want to see violence. The Nielsen Index proves it, and all the PhDs in the television networks know it. Perhaps we all, before we criticize television, should do our own tabulating of what our home sets are turned on to. We protest, but we typically leave the set on. The second reality
Coronary flow reserve and the J curve
Authors: M. J Brown
Journal: BMJ (1988)

John M Cruickshank (12 November, p 1227) showed widespread J curves in the incidence of or mortality from myocardial infarction by different values of achieved diastolic pressure.He attributed the increased incidence at lower blood pressures to reduced coronary perfusion consequent on the lowered blood pressure.Our hypothesis, which we have pursued elsewhere,' 2 is that the low blood pressure is the consequence of disease and not the cause of it.In our randomised trial of treatment of hyper- tension in elderly patients in primary care we found no difference in the incidence of myocardial infarction between the treated and the non-treated groups (19 0v 18-5 per 1000 patient years in control and treated groups, respectively).3Both groups showed a J curve for mortality or morbidity from myocardial infarction in relation to achieved diastolic pressure, but the curve was shifted to the left by 10 mm Hg in the treated group (figure).40-O---O Treated qroup m-v Control group 0 30-/ 0 aoo / O 0 20 / 10 NN 0 :70 70-79 80-89 90-99 0100 Mear achieved diastolic blood pressure (mm 1Hiq)Death rates from coronary artery disease per 1000 patient years This would be expected as the result of a mean reduction of 11 mm Hg in this group.If Dr Cruickshank's hypothesis is correct you would expect that the proportion of myocardial infarc- tions occurring in patients with achieved diastolic blood pressures below the J point in the treatment group would be greater than that in the control group.This would be evidence for his statement that "treatment would merely shift an ischaemic patient from a fairly safe to a less safe part of the curve."Using the J points of 95 mm Hg and 85 mm Hg in the control and the treatment groups, we found that in the control group 71% of the myocardial infarctions occurred below the J point whereas in the treatment group only 50% were below this point.There is therefore no evidence of a shift to the left along the curve, only a shift of the whole curve.Our fivefold breakdown of diastolic values gives no support to Dr Cruickshank's further point that the increase in myocardial infarctions was most evident just below the J point and not at the lowest values.In our follow up study of 10 732 patients screened for our trial we found widespread J shaped and U shaped curves in the relations of mortality from myocardial infarction, all cardio- vascular mortality, and all causes to different values of screening blood pressure.4These were evident in systolic as well as diastolic pressure, and the increased mortality at low pressures was more apparent in women than men (which makes a unique dependence on coronary disease unlikely) and was much reduced when subjects with arrhythmias, heart failure, diabetes, previous myocardial infarctions, and other serious diseases were excluded from the analysis.We concluded that the likely reason was "reverse causation" and stems from the fact that many life threatening diseases may lead to lowering of the blood pressure.
Survival of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Due to Biomass Smoke and Tobacco
Authors: Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas, Raúl H. Sansores, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Justino Regalado, Alejandra Velázquez, Candelaria Sánchez, María Eugenia Mayar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Women exposed chronically to biomass develop airflow limitation, as tobacco smokers do, but their clinical profile and survival have not been described in detail.Objective: To determine the clinical profile, survival, and prognostic factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with biomass exposure and tobacco smoking.Methods: During a 7-yr period (1996–2003), a consecutive series of 520 patients were recruited and followed up at the COPD Clinic of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases. Prognostic factors of survival were evaluated taking into account the interaction between sex and exposure.Measurements: Spirometry, arterial blood gases and oxygen saturation, body mass index, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life were performed at baseline. The main outcome was survival.Main Results: A total of 481 patients were followed up. The patients in the biomass group, mainly women (84%), were older and shorter and had a greater body mass index than those in the tobacco group (p < 0.0001). Airflow obstruction was more severe in smokers (p < 0.001). Quality of life and distance walked showed similar abnormalities in both groups. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis including an interaction term exposure-sex, we found that age (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.07), FEV1 as percentage of predicted (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99), body mass index (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01), and oxygen saturation (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99) were predictors of mortality but not exposure or sex.Conclusions: Women exposed domestically to biomass develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with clinical characteristics, quality of life, and increased mortality similar in degree to that of tobacco smokers.
Fever and Infection in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Barrett Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fever, infection, or both occurred at some time during hospitalization in 67% of patients on a referral spinal cord injury service. A single cause of fever was generally found, with urinary tract and soft-tissue infections predominating; these responded well to appropriate management. In contrast, spinal cord injury patients on other services seen in consultation by the infectious disease service had far more complicated and advanced disease. Multiple infections were diagnosed in the majority of these patients, with urinary tract and decubitus ulcers predominating. Complicating osteomyelitis was present in more than half of those who had infected decubitus ulcers. In both groups of patients, diagnosis required careful attention to physical and laboratory examination because multiple potentially infected areas could be identified and because usual symptoms were sometimes masked by altered sensation. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:66-70)
Congenital and acquired neutropenias consensus guidelines on therapy and follow‐up in childhood from the Neutropenia Committee of the Marrow Failure Syndrome Group of the AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Emato‐Oncologia Pediatrica)
Authors: Francesca Fioredda, Michaela Calvillo, Sonia Bonanomi, Tiziana Coliva, Fabio Tucci, Piero Farruggia, Marta Pillon, Baldassarre Martire, Roberta Ghilardi, Ugo Ramenghi, Daniela Renga, Giuseppe Menna, Anna Pusiol, Angelica Barone, Eleonora Gambineri, Giovanni Palazzi, Gabriella Casazza, Marina Lanciotti, Carlo Dufour
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

The management of congenital and acquired neutropenias presents some differences according to the type of the disease. Treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is not standardized and scanty data are available on the best schedule to apply. The frequency and the type of longitudinal controls in patients affected with neutropenias are not usually discussed in the literature. The Neutropenia Committee of the Marrow Failure Syndrome Group (MFSG) of the Associazione Italiana di Emato-Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) elaborated this document following design and methodology formerly approved by the AIEOP board. The panel of experts reviewed the literature on the topic and participated in a conference producing a document that includes recommendations on neutropenia treatment and timing of follow-up.
Theophylline in Asthma
Authors: Miles Weinberger, Leslie Hendeles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Theophylline has been a popular medication for asthma for over 50 years. However, the introduction of newer pharmacologic agents, concern about the toxicity of theophylline, and recommendations in widely disseminated guidelines have recently contributed to its decreased use. In this review we reassess the role of theophylline in the pharmacotherapy of asthma and specifically address three pivotal questions: What are the data justifying its continued use? What are its risks? What is its role in the treatment of patients with asthma?HistoryAlthough first used as intravenous therapy for acute asthma1 and then as an oral medication in fixed doses . . .
Direct Enhancement by Cigarette Smoke of Asbestos Fiber Penetration and Asbestos-Induced Epithelial Proliferation in Rat Tracheal Explants
Authors: J. Hobson, B. Gilks, J. Wright, A. Churg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Direct Enhancement by Cigarette Smoke of Asbestos Fiber Penetration and Asbestos-Induced Epithelial Proliferation in Rat Tracheal Explants Get access J. Hobson, J. Hobson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Gilks, B. Gilks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Wright, J. Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Churg A. Churg * 3Department of Pathology and Health Sciences Centre Hospital, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada *Correspondence to: Dr. A. Churg, Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver. BC, Canada V6T 1# W5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 7, 1 June 1988, Pages 518–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.7.518 Published: 01 June 1988 Article history Received: 27 January 1988 Revision received: 15 March 1988 Accepted: 21 March 1988 Published: 01 June 1988
FURTHER STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER
Authors: Hans Zinsser, Attilio Macchiavello
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Guinea pigs can be actively immunized against European typhus fever with homologous formalinized Rickettsia tissue cultures, provided sufficient amounts are injected. The method is suggested for practical application in man. 2. Serovaccination against European typhus fever can be successfully applied to guinea pigs by a variety of methods, the simplest of which consists of the injection of mixtures of virulent defibrinated guinea pig blood and convalescent guinea pig serum taken from 3 to 5 days after defervescence. Similar results can be obtained with mixtures in which tissue culture virus, either with convalescent guinea pig serum or with antimurine horse serum, is used. There is no indication so far that such animals become carriers. Possible application of these methods to typhus epidemics is discussed.
Case of Poisoning from Arsenic: Treated with the Oxide of Iron
Authors: R. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1842)

ANTIDOTE TO ARSENIC.489 foIIund hier in a sinking state, having beeni attackedI ithI aciute pain in. the abdomien, for whi1ich sl1e h(ad been col)iously and repeatedly blCd, and shie suInk un]1der the disease and remedies.CASE II.-Dr.Cole, aged :34, becamne affected witlh inflammation of the larynx.Havinig previously suiffered from the same disease whilst employed on the staff in the Pieninsula, lhe was bled freely on two sicecessive mornings, at his own instance, by one of my puipils.In the afternoon of the second day, the disease being unsubduied, he was bled a third time, an(d placed in a rather inclined position on a sofa.The blood was allowed to flow uintil thirty-four ounces were taken.He then suddenly fell uipon the floor violently convulsed, and remnained for some time afterwards in such a state of syncope.as to reni(ler his recovery dolubtful; being carried to bed, however, he slowly recovered uinder the administration of cordials.He did not suffer afterwards from the secondary effects of loss of blood.CASr III.-Syqncope from Venesection.-Agentle- mani, aged 81, robuist, and unusually active for his period of life, with great energy of mind, had suffered from repeated sliglht attacks in the head, threateninig paralysis, for which he had often been bled locally, a;nd on1Ce or twice from the arm, and had worn a seton in the back part of the neck for several years.In December, 1841, these symptoms increased to suCh1 a degree that he fell down, and partially lost the use of hi.s left side.Leeclhes were applied to the head; he w%vas cupped, took active medicine, and lived very
Cannabis Smoking and Risk of Lung Cancer in Men: A Pooled Analysis of Three Studies in Maghreb
Authors: Julien Berthiller, Kurt Straif, Mathieu Boniol, Nicolas Voirin, Veronique Benhaïm-Luzon, Wided Ben Ayoub, Iman Dari, Slimane Laouamri, Mokhtar Hamdi-Cherif, Mohamed Bartal, Fahrat Ben Ayed, Annie J. Sasco
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Comparison of Registered and Published Primary Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sylvain Mathieu
Journal: JAMA (2009)

As of 2005, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors required investigators to register their trials prior to participant enrollment as a precondition for publishing the trial's findings in member journals.To assess the proportion of registered trials with results recently published in journals with high impact factors; to compare the primary outcomes specified in trial registries with those reported in the published articles; and to determine whether primary outcome reporting bias favored significant outcomes.MEDLINE via PubMed was searched for reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 3 medical areas (cardiology, rheumatology, and gastroenterology) indexed in 2008 in the 10 general medical journals and specialty journals with the highest impact factors.For each included article, we obtained the trial registration information using a standardized data extraction form.Of the 323 included trials, 147 (45.5%) were adequately registered (ie, registered before the end of the trial, with the primary outcome clearly specified). Trial registration was lacking for 89 published reports (27.6%), 45 trials (13.9%) were registered after the completion of the study, 39 (12%) were registered with no or an unclear description of the primary outcome, and 3 (0.9%) were registered after the completion of the study and had an unclear description of the primary outcome. Among articles with trials adequately registered, 31% (46 of 147) showed some evidence of discrepancies between the outcomes registered and the outcomes published. The influence of these discrepancies could be assessed in only half of them and in these statistically significant results were favored in 82.6% (19 of 23).Comparison of the primary outcomes of RCTs registered with their subsequent publication indicated that selective outcome reporting is prevalent.
Extracontractual referrals: safety valve or administrative paperchase?
Authors: B. Ghodse
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To describe the extracontractual referrals of residents of a health authority during a six month period in 1994, identifying the number and cost of emergency and non-emergency referrals, including the number of cases costing more than 20,000 pounds and those cases when payment was refused.Descriptive analysis of all extracontractual referrals submitted to the health authority between 1 April and 30 September 1994.A health authority covering a population of 614,000.Payment of 2,583,693 pounds was made to 263 different providers for 2400 episodes of care, of which 1469 were emergencies and 931 were elective or tertiary referrals. Authorisation was granted for an additional 1376 referrals for future treatment but was refused in 713 instances, mostly for technical reasons. Sixteen extracontractual referrals together accounted for over a fifth of total expenditure during the study period.Handling large numbers of episodes of care on an individual cost per case basis imposes an enormous administrative burden on both purchasers and providers, diverting money away from patient care. Extracontractual referrals also expose health authorities to considerable financial risk and may undermine commissioning strategies. Measures are proposed to limit the number of episodes handled in this way.