tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma and Muscle Amino Acid Levels in Relation to Resting Energy Expenditure and Inflammation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ELLEN M. POUW, ANNEMIE M. W. J. SCHOLS, NICOLAAS E. P. DEUTZ, EMIEL F. M. WOUTERS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), muscle wasting can occur independently of fat loss, suggesting disturbances in protein metabolism. In order to provide more insight in amino-acid (AA) metabolism in patients with stable COPD, we examined arterial plasma and anterior tibialis muscle AA levels, comparing 12 COPD patients with eight age-matched healthy control subjects. We also studied relationships between AA levels, the acute phase response as measured by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and resting energy expenditure (REE). In contrast to findings in acute diseases associated with muscle wasting, we found increased muscle glutamine (GLN) levels in our patient group (mean ± SEM = 10,782 ± 770 versus 7,844 ± 293 μ mol/kg wet weight, p < 0.01). Furthermore, muscle arginine, ornithine, and citrulline were significantly increased in the patient group, whereas glutamic acid was decreased. In plasma, the sum of all AA (SumAA) was decreased in the patient group (2,595 ± 65 versus 2,894 ± 66 μ mol/L, p < 0.01), largely because of decreased levels of alanine (254 ± 10 versus 375 ± 25 μ mol/L, p < 0.0001), GLN (580 ± 17 versus 641 ± 17 μ mol/L, p < 0.05), and glutamic acid (91 ± 5 versus 130 ± 10 μ mol/L, p < 0.01). LBP levels were increased in COPD patients as compared with controls (11.7 ± 4.5 versus 8.6 ± 1.0 mg/L, p < 0.05), and showed a positive correlation with REE (r = 0.49, p = 0.03), a negative correlation with the SumAA in plasma (r = − 0.76, p < 0.0001), and no correlation with muscle AA levels. In conclusion, various disturbances in plasma and muscle AA levels were found in COPD patients. A relationship between the observed decreased plasma AA levels and inflammation was suggested.
Frequency dependence of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in human ventricular myocytes from end-stage heart failure
Authors: K Sipido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: Human cardiac muscle from failing heart shows a decrease in active tension development and a rise in diastolic tension at stimulation frequencies above 50–60 beats/min due to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. We have investigated underlying changes in cellular [Ca2+]i regulation. Methods: Single ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically from the explanted hearts of transplant recipients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (nhearts=5, ncells=15) or dilated cardiomyopathy (nhearts=6, ncells=19). Cells were studied during whole-cell patch clamp with fluo-3 and fura-red as [Ca2+]i indicators (36±1°C). Results: In current clamp mode (action potential recording), the amplitude of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) decreased at stimulation frequencies above 0.5 Hz; this decrease was more pronounced for cells from dilated cardiomyopathy. Diastolic [Ca2+]i increased at 1 and 2 Hz for both groups. Action potential duration (APD90) decreased with frequency in all cells; in addition there was a drop in plateau potential of 10±1 mV for cells from ischemic cardiomyopathy and of 13±2 mV for cells from dilated cardiomyopathy. In voltage clamp mode the L-type Ca2+ current showed reversible decrease during stimulation at 1 and 2 Hz. Recovery from inactivation during a double pulse protocol was slow (75±3% at 500 ms, 89±3% at 1000 ms) and followed the decay of the [Ca2+]i transient. Conclusions: The negative force-frequency relation of the failing human heart is due to a decrease in Ca2+ release of the cardiac myocytes at frequencies ≥0.5 Hz, more pronounced in dilated than in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of ICaL at higher frequencies, at least partially related to an increase in diastolic [Ca2+]i, will contribute to this negative staircase because of a decrease in the trigger for Ca2+ release, and of decreased loading of the SR.
Comment on: Sun et al. Protection From Retinopathy and Other Complications in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes of Extreme Duration: The Joslin 50-Year Medalist Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:968–974
Authors: Baqiyyah N. Conway, John D. Maynard, Trevor J. Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We were interested to read the recent article in Diabetes Care by Sun et al. (1) showing that higher levels of certain advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were inversely correlated with the progression of retinopathy in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes. The data appear potentially consistent with an inverse relationship we recently noted between skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a marker of collagen AGEs, and retinopathy also in those with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

SIF was measured using the Scout device (375 nm excitation, 441–496 nm emission window, intrinsic correction coefficients κx = …
Abstract 1377: Guided imagery use in the peri-operative period of gynecologic oncology surgery.
Authors: Elizabeth L. Dickson, Matt Gerber, Amy L. Jonson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: To assess the feasibility of using guided imagery therapy in the peri-operative period at the time of Gynecologic Oncology surgery. Methods: IRB approval was obtained for this randomized control trial. Patients were recruited based on having an exploratory laparotomy surgery with the gynecologic oncology group. Research staff performed a phone interview and obtained written consent. Patients were randomized to standard of care therapy, blank CD which was to simulate noise reduction headphones, or a validated guided imagery CD. The intervention would be used in pre op waiting area, during surgery, and after surgery. VAS scores, amount of narcotics used, amount of anti-emetics used, FACT G and POMS surveys were collected. Results: 12 patients were attempted to be recruited for the study from April 2012 to the present. Prior to study enrollment, all patients were excited about the study and willing participants. All 12 pre op nurses were a barrier to discuss the study with the patients in the pre op area. 2 patients were unable to be consented due to the pre-operative nursing staff baring the research staff from consenting. 3 of the 10 RNAs stated that the player was dysfunctional, though the players were tested prior to delivery to the pre-operative area. 7 of the 12 patients stated that they ‘forgot’ to listen to the CD prior to surgery, or that the nurses did not let them take the time to listen. Only 2 of the 12 patients actually listened to the CD prior to surgery; only 2 of the 12 had the CD played during surgery. 4 of the 12 never received the CD player and surveys after surgery on the surgical oncology floor. Only 1 of the 12 actually listened to the CD throughout the entire hospital stay. 5 patients were told that it was “too busy” to listen to the CD by the floor nursing staff. 6 CD players were lost or stolen during the course of the study. To date, only 1 patient in the control group completed all surveys. However, 3 patients voiced excitement and satisfaction when using the intervention CD during their immediate peri-operative time, and were documented by external observers to have resolution of their anxiety while using the intervention CD. Conclusions: While subjectively beneficial for patients to decrease stress responses peri-operatively, integrative medicine techniques such as guided imagery will be difficult to implement until the culture of medicine embraces this novel modality. Citation Format: Elizabeth L. Dickson, Matt Gerber, Amy L. Jonson. Guided imagery use in the peri-operative period of gynecologic oncology surgery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1377
Successful treatment of middle aged and elderly patients with end stage renal disease.
Authors: D H Taube, E A Winder, C S Ogg, M Bewick, J S Cameron, C J Rudge, D G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Many patients over the age of 55 with end stage renal disease in the United Kingdom are denied dialysis or transplantation. Although the reasons are complex, anticipation of a poor prognosis for these patients might explain why most British renal units impose an arbitrary age limit on the acceptance of patients for treatment. A study was therefore conducted to examine the prognosis and quality of life of 84 patients (mean age 59.6 years, range 55-72) accepted into our renal replacement programme from the beginning of 1975. The five year survival of the patients was 62.0% with 78.1% of the survivors either having successful transplants or caring for themselves using home haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The results show that in terms of survival, economics, and rehabilitation it is both feasible and reasonable to treat middle aged and elderly patients with end stage renal disease. These patients should therefore not be denied dialysis or transplantation on the basis of age alone, and the lack of resources and other factors that allow this state to persist in Britain should be rapidly redressed.
NARRATION
Authors: Lawrence B. Mutty
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Career of a Surgical Scholar
Authors: Maurice B. Visscher
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THIS is a happy occasion for me because I am able to say some things about one of my very best friends which are appropriate only when the formal function of the occasion permits one to say these things. In day-to-day life with one's friends, one does not do very much patting on the back, but the occasion of the presentation of a major award gives one license to be candid about praise.  A  scientific scholar must have at least 3 important attributes: He must be devoted to the search for knowledge; he must be concerned with the reproduction of his kind; and he must be a statesman in his relation to his institution and to society. A signally successful, complete scientific scholar must have been extraordinarily competent and extraordinarily diligent in all 3 areas. Owen Wangensteen is such an extraordinary man.  Surgery is a branch of medicine which
Results of continent reservoir ileostomy procedure improving
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Brett M. Kissela, Jane Khoury, Dawn Kleindorfer, Daniel Woo, Alexander Schneider, Kathleen Alwell, Rosemary Miller, Irene Ewing, Charles J. Moomaw, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, James Gebel, Rakesh Shukla, Joseph P. Broderick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE— Diabetes is a well known risk factor for stroke, but the impact of diabetes on stroke incidence rates is not known. This study uses a population-based study to describe the epidemiology of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Hospitalized cases were ascertained by ICD-9 discharge codes, prospective screening of emergency department admission logs, and review of coroner’s cases. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain cases in the out-of-hospital setting. All potential cases underwent detailed chart abstraction by study nurses followed by physician review. Diabetes-specific incidence rates, case fatality rates, and population-attributable risks were estimated. RESULTS— Ischemic stroke patients with diabetes are younger, more likely to be African American, and more likely to have hypertension, myocardial infarction, and high cholesterol than nondiabetic patients. Age-specific incidence rates and rate ratios show that diabetes increases ischemic stroke incidence at all ages, but this risk is most prominent before age 55 in African Americans and before age 65 in whites. One-year case fatality rates after ischemic stroke are not different between those patients with and without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS— Given the “epidemic” of diabetes, with substantially increasing diabetes prevalence each year across all age- and race/ethnicity groups, the significance of diabetes as a risk factor for stroke is becoming more evident. Diabetes is clearly one of the most important risk factors for ischemic stroke, especially in those patients less than 65 years of age. We estimate that 37–42% of all ischemic strokes in both African Americans and whites are attributable to the effects of diabetes alone or in combination with hypertension.
Risk assessment of environmentally influenced airway diseases based on time-series analysis.
Authors: O Herbarth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Threshold values are of prime importance in providing a sound basis for public health decisions. A key issue is determining threshold or maximum exposure values for pollutants and assessing their potential health risks. Environmental epidemiology could be instrumental in assessing these levels, especially since the assessment of ambient exposures involves relatively low concentrations of pollutants. This paper presents a statistical method that allows the determination of threshold values as well as the assessment of the associated risk using a retrospective, longitudinal study design with a prospective follow-up. Morbidity data were analyzed using the Fourier method, a time-series analysis that is based on the assumption of a high temporal resolution of the data. This method eliminates time-dependent responses like temporal inhomogeneity and pseudocorrelation. The frequency of calls for respiratory distress conditions to the regional Mobile Medical Emergency Service (MMES) in the city of Leipzig were investigated. The entire population of Leipzig served as a pool for data collection. In addition to the collection of morbidity data, air pollution measurements were taken every 30 min for the entire study period using sulfur dioxide as the regional indicator variable. This approach allowed the calculation of a dose-response curve for respiratory diseases and air pollution indices in children and adults. Significantly higher morbidities were observed above a 24-hr mean value of 0.6 mg SO2/m3 air for children and 0.8 mg SO2/m3 for adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger at the time of myocardial reperfusion on hypercontracture and cell death
Authors: Javier Inserte, David Garcia-Dorado, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Ferran Padilla, José A Barrabés, Pilar Pina, Luis Agulló, Hans Michael Piper, Jordi Soler-Soler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: There is recent evidence that Ca2+ influx via reverse mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) at the time of reperfusion can contribute to cardiomyocyte hypercontracture. However, forward NCX is essential for normalization of [Ca2+]i during reperfusion, and its inhibition may be detrimental. This study investigates the effect of NCX inhibition with KB-R7943 at the time of reperfusion on cell viability. Methods: The effect of several concentrations of KB-R7943 added at reperfusion was studied in Fura-2 loaded quiescent cardiomyocytes submitted to 40 min of simulated ischemia (NaCN 2 mM, pH 6.4), and in rat hearts submitted to 60 min of ischemia. [Ca2+]i and cell length were monitored in myocytes, and functional recovery and LDH release in isolated hearts. From these experiments an optimal concentration of KB-R7943 was identified and tested in pigs submitted to 48 min of coronary occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion. Results: In myocytes, KB-R7943 at concentrations up to 15 μM reduced [Ca2+]i rise and the probability of hypercontracture during re-energization (P<0.01). Nevertheless, in rat hearts, the effects of KB-R7943 applied during reperfusion after 60 min of ischemia depended on concentration and timing of administration. During the first 5 min of reperfusion, KB-R7943 (0.3–30 μM) induced a dose-dependent reduction in LDH release (half-response concentration 0.29 μM). Beyond 6 min of re-flow, KB-R7943 had no effect on LDH release, except at concentrations ≥15 μM, which increased LDH. KB-R7943 at 5 μM given during the first 10 min of reflow reduced contractile dysfunction (P = 0.011), LDH release (P = 0.019) and contraction band necrosis (P = 0.014) during reperfusion. Intracoronary administration of this concentration during the first 10 min of reperfusion reduced infarct size by 34% (P = 0.033) in pigs submitted to 48 min of coronary occlusion. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that during initial reperfusion NCX activity results in net reverse mode operation contributing to Ca2+ overload, hypercontracture and cell death, and that NCX inhibition during this phase is beneficial. Beyond this phase, NCX inhibition may impair forward mode-dependent Ca2+ extrusion and be detrimental. These findings may help in the design of therapeutic strategies against lethal reperfusion injury, with NCX as the target.
Abstract 1024: Mural cell transdifferentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells drives vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastoma development
Authors: Rong Shao, Steve Scully, Ralph Francescone, Michael Faibish, Brooke Bentley, Sherry L. Taylor, Dennis Oh, Robert Schapiro, Luis Moral, Wei Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) are extremely aggressive and have the poorest prognosis among brain tumors. These tumors display extensive microvasculature that presumably originates from endothelial cell angiogenesis. Indeed, many anti-angiogenic therapies have been accepted for glioblastoma treatment based on this premise. Recent evidence has shown that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) can differentiate into endothelial cells that participate in angiogenesis (Ricci-Vitiani L et al., Nature 2010;468:824-29, Wang et al., Nature 2010;468:829-33, &amp; Soda et al., PNAS 2011; 108:4274-80). However, it remains to be clarified if these GSC-derived endothelial cells make a significant contribution to tumor vasculature. Here, we surveyed eleven GBM cases and found that glioblastomas consisted of 34.1% of endothelial cell-associated vasculature, while 59.7% of microvasculature arose from mural-like tumor cells that co-express mural cell markers smooth muscle alpha actin and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1), but not CD31, CD34 or VE-cadherin. This pattern of vascularization indicates an alternative microvascular circulation known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM). GSCs derived from patients with GBM displayed the multipotency of neuronal stem cells capable of transdifferentiation into mural-like tumor cells that promoted VM. GSCs developed vigorous mural cell-associated vascular channels but few endothelial cell vessels in orthotopic brain tumor models. Furthermore, the development of these tumor cell-associated channels was dependent on expression of VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1). Suppression of Flk-1 activity and gene expression by a variety of different inhibitory approaches abrogated GSC transdifferentiation and vascularization in vitro, and inhibited VM in xenografted tumor models in vivo. Collectively, this study establishes a pivotal role for transdifferentiation of GSCs in the development of VM, which contributes to an aggressive phenotype of GBM, and points to Flk-1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1024. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1024
Case of Dilatation of Stomach, Successfully Treated by the Syphon Stomach-Tube
Authors: W. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1880)

5I-YVMp& (gnathmos), the jaw-bone; four times in Iliad, mortal; once in Odyssey.iyKf4fQXOs (enkephalos), the brain; seven times in Iliad, three times in Odyssey; seven times mortal.ljap (hepar), the liver; six timcs in Iliad, threc times in Odyssey;fire times mortal..yv6n (ignuee), the ham (Lat.topli); once in Iliad.KparU (cradie) (Lat.eor), the heart; many times in Iliad and Odyssey;once mortal in Iliad, Book xiii, 442; the only instance in which the heart was pierced.6a6tos (cystis), the bladder; twice in Iliad, mortal.Xat,u& (laimos), the throat; three times in Iliad, once in O0lyssey; mortal.jsacds (mizos), the mamma; fourteen times in Iliad, three times in Odyssey; thirteen times mortal.IAnrwirov (met5pon), the space between the eyes; twelve times in Iliad, four times in Olysse)'; seven times mortal..wrXv s (myclos), marrow (Lat.medidl:/ spinalis); twice in iIiad, twice in Odlyssey; once mortal.6p0aXos (omphalos) (Lat.nt'lbilicuis), the navel; three times in Iiad, not in Odyssey; three times mortal.otas (ouas) (Lat.auris), the ear; twelve times in Iliad, eight times in Odyssey; scevn times nmortal.600a\X4s (ophthalmos), the eye; occurs repeatedly both in Iliad and in Odyssey; but as wounded five times; all mortal.7rvr6-jumv (pneum5n), the lung; once in Iliad; mortal.Tpa7rt&s (prapides), the diaphragii; four times in iliad; twice mortal.O7TepVov (sternum), the breast; sixteen times in Iliad, three times in