tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LIPODYSTROPHY FROM INSULIN INJECTIONS
Authors: LUCILLE L. REED
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Since 1926, when Depisch<sup>1</sup>in Germany and Barborka<sup>2</sup>in America described the disappearance of fat from the subcutaneous tissues of several diabetic patients at the site of insulin injections, a number of reports have been made of this condition and many speculations have arisen as to its cause. Priesel and Wagner<sup>3</sup>believed the preservative tricresol, at that time used in some insulin preparations, was responsible for the phenomenon because of its fat splitting properties. Carmichael and Graham<sup>4</sup>suggested that minute amounts of lipase in the insulin could cause this disappearance of fat. Rabinowitch,<sup>5</sup>however, was unable to demonstrate the presence of lipase in the large amount of a particular lot of insulin which he concentrated at low temperature and pressure, thereby confirming the claims of three American manufacturers of insulin<sup>6</sup>that their product was lipase free. Avery<sup>7</sup>observed that development of the atrophic
The Influence of Litigation on Medical Practice
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Comes now the proceedings of a conference held in London in 1977 in which 20 English and American participants explored medicolegal problems—chiefly malpractice—common to the two nations. English medicine in a limited sense confronts the same problem that faces American physicians and hospitals. It is interesting, nevertheless, to learn the reasons for the relative immunity of the English from malpractice claims. The text has five main sections: history, major current problems, specific high-risk clinical areas, education and training, and the future. In the last-named area, Professor Charles Fried gives us a perceptive overview of the situation in the United States, with some clues as to a workable way ahead. He includes an excellent general outline of the physician's duty to his patient. The weakest points in the book are the summations of general discussions by participants, which took place at the end of each session. Such give-and-take summaries are better
On the Fringes of Smoke Rings
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To accuse smoking of causing leukocytosis and erythrocytosis is like adding petty larceny to a charge of homicide. It is an anticlimax. Still, although not as ominous as lung cancer or myocardial ischemia, the increased number of blood cells may generate diagnostic problems. Corre et al<sup>1</sup>and Friedman et al<sup>2</sup>noted that smoking can cause leukocytosis. Fisch and Freedman (p 500) corroborate this observation. Having analyzed data from 14,961 healthy women to determine the relative importance of factors that raise the white blood cell count, these investigators find that smoking ranks highest. Contributory, but less important, factors are obesity and the use of oral contraceptives. The leukocyte count in their series was higher than 10,000/cu mm in 44% of women who were fat, who smoked, and who took oral contraceptives. By contrast, this high figure was reached only in 2% of control subjects. Thus, smoking enters the arena
Paracrine Factors of Multipotent Stromal Cells Ameliorate Lung Injury in an Elastase-induced Emphysema Model
Authors: Ahmed M Katsha, Shinya Ohkouchi, Hong Xin, Masahiko Kanehira, Ruowen Sun, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Yasuo Saijo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorate several types of lung injury. The differentiation of MSCs into specific cells at the injury site has been considered as the important process in the MSC effect. However, although MSCs reduce destruction in an elastase-induced lung emphysema model, MSC differentiation is relatively rare, suggesting that MSC differentiation into specific cells does not adequately explain the recuperation observed. Humoral factors secreted by MSCs may also play an important role in ameliorating emphysema. To confirm this hypothesis, emphysema was induced in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal elastase injection 14 days before intratracheal MSC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) administration. Thereafter, lungs were collected at several time points and evaluated. Our results showed that MSCs reduced the destruction in elastase-induced emphysema. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining revealed infrequent MSC engraftment and differentiation into epithelial cells. Real-time PCR showed increased levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Real-time PCR and western blotting showed enhanced production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the lung. In-vitro coculture studies confirmed the in vivo observations. Our findings suggest that paracrine factors derived from MSCs is the main mechanism for the protection of lung tissues from elastase injury. Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorate several types of lung injury. The differentiation of MSCs into specific cells at the injury site has been considered as the important process in the MSC effect. However, although MSCs reduce destruction in an elastase-induced lung emphysema model, MSC differentiation is relatively rare, suggesting that MSC differentiation into specific cells does not adequately explain the recuperation observed. Humoral factors secreted by MSCs may also play an important role in ameliorating emphysema. To confirm this hypothesis, emphysema was induced in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal elastase injection 14 days before intratracheal MSC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) administration. Thereafter, lungs were collected at several time points and evaluated. Our results showed that MSCs reduced the destruction in elastase-induced emphysema. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining revealed infrequent MSC engraftment and differentiation into epithelial cells. Real-time PCR showed increased levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Real-time PCR and western blotting showed enhanced production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the lung. In-vitro coculture studies confirmed the in vivo observations. Our findings suggest that paracrine factors derived from MSCs is the main mechanism for the protection of lung tissues from elastase injury.
Underuse of reperfusion therapy in female patients: Insights from the TETAMI study and registry (The safety and efficacy of subcutaneous Enoxaparin versus intravenous unfractionated heparin and of myocardial infarction)
Authors: Marc Cohen, Gian Franco Gensini, Frans Maritz, Enqrique P. Gurfinkel, Kurt Huber, Ari Timerman, Maria Krzeminska-Pakula, Nicolas Danchin, Harvey D. White, Luc Vittori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Distinct localization of collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases expression in wound healing associated with ulcerative pyogenic granuloma.
Authors: U K Saarialho-Kere, E S Chang, H G Welgus, W C Parks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To examine the role of metalloproteinases in tissue remodeling associated with wound healing, we used in situ hybridization to localize the expression of collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in samples of pyogenic granuloma. Strong hybridization for collagenase mRNA was detected in basal keratinocytes near the advancing edge of all ulcerative lesions, but no collagenase mRNA was seen in samples without ulceration. Distinct from the sites of collagenase expression, TIMP mRNA was detected in stromal cells and in cells surrounding proliferating vessels. No collagenase mRNA was found in the epidermis of healthy skin, although occasional stromal cells contained collagenase or TIMP mRNAs, and TIMP mRNA was detected in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes adjacent to wounded epidermis are critically involved in matrix remodeling, much more so than adjacent or underlying dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, as several reports have suggested, TIMP may play a role in angiogenesis. Finally, in contrast to findings from other models which indicate that collagenase and TIMP proteins are secreted by the same cells, our data also demonstrate that these proteins can be produced in vivo independently of each other.
Diplopia as the first manifestation of relapsing polychondritis
Authors: I MARIE, H LEVESQUE, N CAILLEUX, H COURTOIS, B MIHOUT, L IASCI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon systemic disorder, which is characterised by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilage structures.1 Auricular, nasal, ocular, articular, tracheobronchial, and cardiac impairment are well recognised manifestations of RP.1-4 Central nervous system involvement is considered to be rare in RP, usually occurring in the course of the disease.1-4 We have observed a new case, which is of particular interest, as the patient developed diplopia revealing RP.

A 69 year old man presented with an uveitis of the right eye in November 1997. The patient had no previous medical history, and he was successfully treated with both corticosteroid and antibiotic ointments. He was admitted to our hospital in February 1998 with a two day history of diplopia. Physical examination showed a …
Laceration of the Heart: Repair and Recovery: 1877
Authors: William Sharpe
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Daniel Hale Williams, of Chicago, is said to have successfully sutured a nonpenetrating wound of the left ventricle in 1893, but details of this are meagre. Guido Farina, an Italian, sutured a dagger wound of the heart in 1896, but the patient died postoperatively. In the same year Ludwig Rehn, a German, sutured a stab wound of the heart, inflicted 36 hours before operation, with recovery.<sup>1,2</sup>Without attempting to assign priority or paternity —always presumptuous in historical matters—it may be of interest to consider the successful management of a stab wound of the heart before Rehn's success. Shortly before 9:30 P.M., June 7, 1877, a 17-year-old blacksmith was seen by Dr. Thomas G. Morton,<sup>*</sup>of Philadelphia, and subsequently was admitted to Pennsylvania Hospital. Dr. Morton's letter to the resident surgeon, Dr. W. B. Hopkins, stated: "I send you a case of penetrating wound of the chest involving the
Pneumonia associated with rising cytomegalovirus antibody titres in a healthy adult.
Authors: S Idell, M Johnson, L Beauregard, N Learner
Journal: Thorax (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Accurate estimates of gestational age at birth are important for preterm birth surveillance but can be challenging to reliably acquire in low and middle income countries. Our objective was to develop machine learning models to accurately estimate gestational age shortly after birth using clinical and metabolic data. We derived and internally validated three models using ELASTIC NET multivariable linear regression in heel prick blood samples and clinical data from a retrospective cohort of newborns from Ontario, Canada. We conducted external model validation in heel prick and cord blood sample data collected from prospective birth cohorts in Lusaka, Zambia (N=311) and Matlab, Bangladesh (N=1176). The best-performing model accurately estimated gestational age within about 6 days of early pregnancy ultrasound estimates in both cohorts when applied to heel prick data (MAE (95% CI) = 0.79 weeks (0.69, 0.90) for Zambia; 0.81 weeks (0.75, 0.86) for Bangladesh), and within about 7 days when applied to cord blood data (1.02 weeks (0.90, 1.15) for Zambia; 0.95 weeks (0.90, 0.99) for Bangladesh). Algorithms developed in Canada provided accurate estimates of gestational age when applied to external cohorts from Zambia and Bangladesh. Model performance was superior in heel prick data as compared to cord blood data.
Nasal Cancer in a Worker Exposed to Formaldehyde
Authors: William E. Halperin, Max Goodman, Leslie Stayner, Larry J. Elliott, Richard A. Keenlyside, Philip J. andrigan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Formaldehyde has not been established as a human carcinogen. Toxicological studies have, however, demonstrated that formaldehyde causes squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity in rats. A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity occurred in a 57-year-old man who had 25 years of occupational exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde in the textile-finishing industry.
Studies on the Cause of Fever
Authors: W. Barry Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

WHILE Dr. George Shattuck, the founder of this lectureship, was Dean of the Harvard Medical School, a young Prussian, John Benedict Frese, entered the University of Dorpat as a student of medicine. As an undergraduate he learned of the works of the great German surgeon, Theodor Billroth1 and the pathologist, Otto Weber.2 Both were engaged in the study of fever, particularly in relation to the pyrogenic action of purulent exudates. They had doubtless been influenced by the writings of George Zimmermann,3 an army surgeon who a decade earlier had stressed the frequency with which elevations of body temperature are related . . .
NHS foundation trusts
Authors: R. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The rudiments of the government's current strategy for the NHS are set out in the white paper Delivering the NHS Plan. 1 This contains a commitment to maintaining a general tax based system, universally available and free at the point of use, and also sets out an ambitious agenda for supply side reform. A central component of this agenda is the creation of a whole raft of new institutions designed to set, monitor, and ensure national service standards—for example, the newly created Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection. At the same time, selected local organisations are to be given greater freedom and devolution of decision making power. This is referred to as a process of earned autonomy. The concept of earned autonomy represents an attempt to combine some of the advantages believed to flow from devolved decision making (including flexibility, innovation, and local responsiveness) with the retention of a commitment to NHS principles and national standards. One of the first vehicles for developing this approach …
George 3d and the mad-business.
Authors: M M Salzmann
Journal: BMJ (1970)

well, flatly denied that a patient with a par- ticular condition was in the hospital.The administrator, however, after several calls, agreed that such a patient was there but that premature publicity might cause her anxiety and hazard her health.I therefore agreed not to write anything.When I challenged the doctor with this information he said, "I just wanted to throw you off the scent."This sort of experience makes the plea that journalists should treat doctors more gently seem rather hollow.Doctors with ex- perience of reputable journalists will know that reporters frequently are asked and agree to keep confidence about something, even if it is only to preserve a doctor's identity to protect him from charges of advertising.But if a doctor has a grievance about in- accurate reporting or unethical behaviour by reporters he has the remedy in his own hands.A complaint to the newspaper or perhaps to the Press Council can have a very sobering effect on the journalist involved.It is significant that the Press Council confirms that complaints from doctors about medical matters are extremely rare.-Iam, etc.,
Hepatitis B viral factors in HBeAg‐Negative carriers with persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels†
Authors: Chih‐Lin Lin, Li‐Ying Liao, Chun‐Jen Liu, Ming‐Whei Yu, Pei‐Jer Chen, Ming‐Yang Lai, Ding‐Shinn Chen, Jia‐Horng Kao
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic hepatitis B patients with high-normal serum ALT (levels of 0.5-1× upper limit of normal) are still at risk of liver disease progression. We thus investigated the correlation between serum ALT level and hepatitis B viral factors in HBeAg-negative carriers with persistently normal serum ALT level (PNALT). Baseline clinical and virological features of 414 HBeAg-negative carriers, including 176 (42.5%) with low-normal ALT (levels of less than 0.5× upper limit of normal) and 238 (57.5%) with high-normal ALT, were compared. Compared with HBV carriers with low-normal ALT, those with high-normal ALT were older (41 vs. 37 years, P < 0.001) and had a greater frequency of serum HBV DNA level >104 copies/ml (63.4% vs. 47.5%, P < 0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of basal core promoter T1762/A1764 mutant (36.5% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with a high-normal serum ALT level included male sex [odds ratio (OR), 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-3.01, P = 0.019], increasing age (OR, <30 years: 1, reference; 30-39 years: 2.43, 95% CI, 1.18-5.03, P = 0.016; 40-49 years: 4.22, 95% CI, 1.99-8.93, P < 0.001; ≥50 years: 4.06, 95% CI, 1.69-9.78, P = 0.002) and serum HBV DNA level >104 copies/ml (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07-3.13, P = 0.027). Conclusion: HBeAg-negative patients with persistently normal ALT are not a homogenous group, and those with high-normal ALT share some of the characteristics that have been associated with adverse long-term outcomes. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1193–1198.)
New approaches for detecting thresholds of human nephrotoxicity using cadmium as an example.
Authors: P W Mueller, R G Price, W F Finn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Damage to the kidneys is one of the primary toxic actions of metals. Nephrotoxic substances not only cause renal disease directly, but they can also destroy renal reserve capacity, potentially placing those people with additional risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and genetic predispositions, at greater risk. To detect nephrotoxicity in people at a stage where intervention can be effective, sensitive methods are needed. One of the major advantages of using sensitive biomarkers of renal damage is that people who may be particularly susceptible to renal damage can be identified early, at a reversible stage of damage, and the progression to end-stage renal disease may be halted or delayed. Various categories of tests can be used to detect effects of nephrotoxic substances on the kidney. Through the use of biomarkers of damage to various parts of the nephron, U.S. and European studies have both shown a similar pattern of damage among men occupationally exposed to cadmium. These studies indicate various thresholds of renal effects, which researchers suggest represent a cascade of progressively severe damage to the kidney. Research into new biomarkers of damage caused by exposure to nephrotoxic substances centers around mechanisms of cell death, including necrosis and apoptosis; mechanisms of cell growth, regeneration, and proliferation, including factors that control cell cycle, influence gene expression, and modulate nucleic acid synthesis; and genetic factors that increase susceptibility to renal disease. Examples of types of candidate biomarkers include cytokines, lipid mediators, growth factors, transcription factors and protooncogenes, extracellular matrix components (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), and cell adhesion molecules. Research into new categories of biomarkers may provide additional insights into the mechanisms of damage caused by nephrotoxins.
A Tribute to the Memory of the Late J. Warburton Begbie, M.D., F.R.C.P.Ed
Authors: W. T. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1876)

SINCE we last met here, on Friday, I have lost a very dear friend, and the medical profession one of its most distinguished ornaments.You all know to whom I allude-Dr.Warburton Begbie-a man who had been recognised by all classes in Scotland, and beyond Scotland, as the ablest and kindest of physicians, and whose premature death is, with me, the sad ending of a friendship extending over more than a quarter of a century, as to which I can now say that nothing in it, save the sad ending, is fraught with any sorrow, but, on the contrary, with all the best associations and tenderest memories.I have tried in vain to put in writing, for your benefit, some indications of what Dr.Begbie was to me and to those who knew him best.Language fails; and feelings that cannot be fittingly expressed here rise up in the pre- sence of so recent and so overwhelming a calamity.But these few words, spoken just as they arise to my mind, you will take as being the sincere, though inadequate, tribute of a warm personal friendship to one whose name was known to multitudes, and whose life was a lesson to all of us.Dr. Begbie inherited from his father an apparently robust constitution, and a tall, graceful, and somewhat stately presence; to these, he added an exquisite charm of manner that was peculiarly his own, and which no one could or did resist, because it was so obviously founded on a quick sympathy and a genuine desire of doing good.He may be said also to have inherited, or, at least, derivedl from his father, the traditions and connections of a very successful family practice in Edin- burgh, one which extended back in direct succession to the days of Abercrombie, and which brought with it a great deal of curious practical information in details, as well as valuable personal associations.But it was obvious, almost from the first, to those who knew him intimately,
A case of Sweet's syndrome and myelodysplasia: response to cyclosporin
Authors: G.R. SHARPE, H.M. LEGGAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

A case of severe Sweet's syndrome associated with myelodysplasia is reported. The skin lesions responded to high doses of systemic steroids, but recurred rapidly on dose reduction. Treatment with a low dose of cyclosporin resulted in sustained clearance of the skin lesions, and was associated with a stable haemoglobin level, without the need for further blood transfusions.
A Herpes Oncolytic Virus Can Be Delivered Via the Vasculature to Produce Biologic Changes in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yuman Fong, Teresa Kim, Amit Bhargava, Larry Schwartz, Karen Brown, Lynn Brody, Anne Covey, Matthias Karrasch, George Getrajdman, Axel Mescheder, William Jarnagin, Nancy Kemeny
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Genetically engineered herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) can selectively infect and replicate in cancer cells, and are candidates for use as oncolytic therapy. This long-term report of a phase I trial examines vascular administration of HSV as therapy for cancer. Twelve subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer within the liver failing first-line chemotherapy were treated in four cohorts with a single dose (3 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(8) particles) of NV1020, a multimutated, replication-competent HSV. After hepatic arterial administration, subjects were observed for 4 weeks before starting intra-arterial chemotherapy. All patients exhibited progression of disease before HSV injection. During observation, levels of the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) decreased (median % drop = 24%; range 13-74%; P < 0.02). One of three individuals at the 10(8) level showed a 39% radiologic decrease in tumor size by cross-section and 75% by volume. HSV infection was documented from liver tumor biopsies. After beginning regional chemotherapy, all patients demonstrated a further decrease in CEA (median 96%; range 50-98%; P < 0.008) and a radiologic partial response. Median survival for this group was 25 months. During follow-up, no signs of virus reactivation were found. Multimutated HSV can be delivered safely into the human bloodstream to produce selective infection of tumor tissues and biologic effects.
Notch1 regulates angio-supportive bone marrow–derived cells in mice: relevance to chemoresistance
Authors: Jeanine M. L. Roodhart, Huanhuan He, Laura G. M. Daenen, Arnaud Monvoisin, Chad L. Barber, Miranda van Amersfoort, Jennifer J. Hofmann, Freddy Radtke, Timothy F. Lane, Emile E. Voest, M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
Journal: Blood (2013)
Elevated levels of IL-10 in intrinsic (IAD) and extrinsic atopic dermatitis (EAD) is associated with deficiency in anti-microbial peptide (AMP) production*1
Authors: D.Y.M. Leung, N. Novak, M. Boguniewicz, T. Bieber, M.D. Howell
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)