tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PI3K Pathway Activity and Response to First-Line Chemotherapy in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: P. Vorkas, S. Agelaki, N. Poumpouridou, N. Poumpouridou, C. Kroupis, C. Kroupis, D. Mavroudis, E. Stathopoulos, V. Georgoulias, E. Lianidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background. Not all patients (pts) with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC) respond to trastuzumab and most that initially respond, ultimately develop resistance to treatment. Activated PI3K signalling has been proposed to predict trastuzumab resistance.Patients and Methods. PI3K pathway activity was evaluated in tumor samples from pts with HER2-overexpressing MBC treated with first-line chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab by: a) assessing PIK3CA mutation status by our recently developed High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) for the detection of mutations in exons 9 and 20, performed in the HR-1 High Resolution Melter (Idaho Technology, USA) and b) PTEN expression levels using immunohistochemical analysis. All samples with mutant melting transitions were verified by DNA sequencing. PI3K pathway activation defined by the presence of PIK3CA hotspot mutations and/or low or absent PTEN was correlated to the response to trastuzumab-based therapy.Results. Fifty-six pts received trastuzumab in combination with vinorelbine (n=15) or taxane-based chemotherapy (n=41). Median age was 62 years, 55 pts (98.2%) had PS 0-1, 10 (17.9%) were premenopausal, 27 (48.2%) had hormone receptor negative tumors and 37 (66.1%) had visceral metastases. HRMA identified the presence of PIK3CA mutations in 22 (39.3%) pts [exon 9 mutations in 5 (8.9%) and exon 20 mutations in 17 (30.4%) pts]. Subsequent PIK3CA sequence analysis demonstrated exon 9 mutations (E542K and E545K) in 4 (7.1%) pts and exon 20 mutations in 17 (30.4%; H104R in 16, and H1047L in 1) corresponding to a PIK3CA hotspot mutation frequency of 35.7%. Only in one sample that showed a mutant melting transition by HRMA, DNA sequencing did not confirm the presence of a PIK3CA mutation in exon 9, possibly due to lower sensitivity. Absent or reduced PTEN expression was detected in 22 (39.3%) of 47 pts. In 9 (16.1%) pts, PTEN score could not be retrieved. A trend for lower response rates was observed for patients with PI3K hotspot mutations compared to pts with wild-type tumors (35% vs 60%, p= 0.074). No difference in response rates was identified for pts with low or absent compared to normal PTEN expression (p=0.920). However, activated PI3K pathway (presence of PI3K mutations and/or low or absent PTEN expression) was associated with significantly lower response rates compared to non-activated one (40.6% vs 72.2%; p=0.032).Conclusions. The activation of PI3K pathway is predictive of response to first-line chemotherapy plus trastuzumab in pts with HER2-overexpressing MBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2022.
Prominent Small Bowel Ga-67 Uptake Associated With Yersinial and Tuberculous Enterocolitis
Authors: MICHAEL BROPHEY, LAMK LAMKI, BRUCE BARRON, SEEMA SHAH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The nuclear medicine evaluation of the Immunocompromised patient with fever of unknown origin may include the use of either labeled leukocytes or Ga-67 citrate, or both, in the search for an infectious focus. In recent years, labeled leukocytes (In-111 or Tc-99m) seem to have been employed preferentially by some. This is especially the case when the abdomen is a suspected site of involvement because of the normal colonic excretion of gallium that may complicate the interpretation of this study. The authors present the case of an immunocom-promised patient with the interesting scintigraphic pattern of diffuse large and small bowel uptake of gallium secondary to biopsy proven Yersinia and tuberculous enterocolitis. A review of the recent literature reveals only one other simitar case in which Yersinial disease was detected by Ga-67 scintigraphy. The present case illustrates that gallium's avidity for the atypical, less pyogenic, opportunistic infections common in immuno-compromised patients justifies its continued use in such settings and, specifically, whenever tuberculosis is suspected.
Sample Size Calculation for a Hypothesis Test
Authors: Lynne Stokes
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cognitive function does not worsen during pegylated interferon and ribavirin retreatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Robert J. Fontana, Linas A. Bieliauskas, Karen L. Lindsay, Carla Back‐Madruga, Elizabeth C. Wright, Kristin K. Snow, Anna S.F. Lok, Ziad Kronfol, Latha Padmanabhan
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin can cause or exacerbate depression but its effects on cognitive function are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin adversely impacts cognitive function in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prior nonresponders to interferon were retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 24 (n = 177) or 48 weeks (n = 57) in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial. Cognitive function was prospectively assessed using a battery of 10 standardized neuropsychological tests at weeks 0, 24, 48, and 72. Cognitive impairment was defined based upon a global deficit score. The Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to assess mood status. The 57 subjects who completed 48 weeks of antiviral therapy reported significant increases in difficulty concentrating, emotional distress, and symptoms of depression, all of which improved after cessation of therapy [P < 0.0001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Nonetheless, the frequency of cognitive impairment did not increase during the first 24 weeks of treatment in 177 patients (34% versus 32%, P = 0.64) nor in the 57 patients completing 48 weeks of treatment (P = 0.48, ANOVA). Conclusion: Retreatment of prior non-responders with peginterferon and ribavirin was not associated with objective evidence of cognitive impairment as measured by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. The lack of cognitive impairment is reassuring and suggests that self-reported symptoms of cognitive dysfunction are more likely related to the systemic and psychiatric side effects of antiviral treatment rather than measurable changes in cognition. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1154–1163.)
A SYSTEM FOE THE SURGICAL CORRECTION OF HARELIP AND CLEFT PALATE.
Authors: GEO. V. I. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The reasons for the existence of any system of surgical treatment, and particularly, one applied to the correction of a special class of affections, must be: First, a demand for such service. Second, its necessity by reason of the large number of failures and extreme difficulty of accomplishing good results by other methods. Third, that it makes possible an enlargement of the field of surgical accomplishment in at least one direction. The blind, the deaf and dumb, the tuberculous and the crippled almost everywhere have institutions established for their care. States and communities have recognized the duty of ministering to the comforts and necessities of the afflicted in these directions. Large sums are annually contributed for the maintenance of such work, and the encouragement of scientific investigation to increase the efficiency of its usefulness, but no such responsibility has been assumed by municipalities, nor has any notable portion of endowments of charitably inclined wealthy citizens been devoted to the relief of these unfortunate individuals
Sporadic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with concomitant atopic dermatitis
Authors: None Lapinski, None Lapiere, None Traczyk, None Chan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We describe a patient with sporadic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa associated with well‐ documented atopic dermatitis. We discuss this case in relation to a newly described clinical subtype of epidermolysis bullosa known as epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa, a dystrophic variant associated with prominent pruritus. The relations of this case of sporadic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with other dominantly inherited forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa such as the Pasini variant, the pretibial variant, and Bart's syndrome are also discussed. The role of atopic dermatitis in exacerbating dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in this patient raises an important consideration in the care of this group of patients.
Germany reviews its policy on HPV vaccination for 12-17 year olds
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Germany’s Robert Koch Institute is reviewing its recommendation that all 12-17 year old girls should be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV) to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, after criticism from experts.

A group of 13 medical scientists publicly criticised the institute’s recommendation in November 2008 ( Sueddeutsche Zeitung , 26 Nov).

Susanne Glasmacher, spokeswoman at the Berlin based institute, which is responsible for disease control and prevention in Germany, told the BMJ that the institute’s standing vaccination committee was undertaking the review because new studies had been published and because of the “public discussion” generated by the 13 scientists.

However, she hinted that the committee would not reverse the original …
THE CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT NASAL CATARRH, PARTICULARLY IN CHILDREN
Authors: D. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1929)

JRCmU __~~~ẽ piAation dose, abotut 6 to 7 H.We distribute it over six or seveni sittings, whichl take place at in-tervals of two to tlhlree days.It would appear that unfiltlered rays of 6 to 7 H. -hardness are more eficient thaii stronigly filtered lhard ravys.We may note in passing, that Popoff anid Teskoff, experi- menting on the hastening of the regeeneration, of wounIds, found that MgC12 was -especially efficienit, particularly at initervals of onc to two days.3Cases -whiee the lesion is situLated in folds or anlgles of the skini are niot suitable for this inewihod-for example, at the up1)p)er end of the niaso-labial folds, n-ear the alae of the nose, in the aniglo behlinid thle lobes of the ears, anid similar situations.After tlhe excision of such-li a lesienl a cavernous wound results,' the inner surface of wlhich canniiot be reached in its entire extent by the x rays.Very extenisive lesionis are also unsuitable.
Immunopathogenesis of environmentally induced lupus in mice.
Authors: V M Shaheen, M Satoh, H B Richards, H Yoshida, M Shaw, J C Jennette, W H Reeves
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome defined by clinical and serologic features, including arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and certain autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP)/Smith antigen (Sm), DNA, and ribosomal P. Although lupus is considered primarily a genetic disorder, we recently demonstrated the induction of a syndrome strikingly similar to spontaneous lupus in many nonautoimmune strains of mice exposed to the isoprenoid alkane pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane), a component of mineral oil. Intraperitoneal injection of pristane leads to the formation of lipogranulomas consisting of phagocytic cells that have engulfed the oil and collections of lymphocytes. Subsequently, pristane-treated BALB/c and SJL mice develop autoantibodies characteristic of SLE, including anti-nRNP/Sm, antiribosomal P, anti-Su, antichromatin, anti-single-stranded DNA, and anti-double-stranded DNA. This is accompanied by a severe glomerulonephritis with immune complex deposition, mesangial or mesangiocapillary proliferation, and proteinuria. All inbred mice examined appear to be susceptible to this novel form of chemically induced lupus. Pristane-induced lupus is the only inducible model of autoimmunity associated with the clinical syndrome as well as with the characteristic serologic abnormalities of SLE. Defining the immunopathogenesis of pristane-induced lupus in mice may provide insight into the causes of spontaneous (idiopathic) lupus and also may lead to information concerning possible risks associated with the ingestion or inhalation of mineral oil and exposure to hydrocarbons in the environment.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; ANOTHER RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH CONTRAST MEDIA INDUCED NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Hyuck Yoon, Hong-won Shin, Ji-hyun Son, Hyoung-Seob Park, Yun-Kyeong Cho, Chunduk Han, Hyungseop Kim, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Yoon-Nyun Kim, Kwon-Bae Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ABDOMINAL HYDROCELE: WITH RECORD OF TWO CASES
Authors: A. D. Charters, H. Lond
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Anti-complementary Readings.-Forty-twotests were performed on twenty-one cases.In cases to which both the Kline test and the Wassermann reaction had been applied initially, and in which the Wassermann result had been anti-complementary, repetition of the Wassermann yielded a result corresponding to the original Kline result in 89 per cent. of the cases.These results are in accordance with the views put forward by Miller'3 and Stewart.4We also agree with the latter when he says that the responsibility for a false positive Kline test cannot be attributed to the substance responsible for the anti-complementary Wassermann reading.
Postherpetic Neuralgia in Herpes Zoster—Reply
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tsung-Teh Wu, Hey-Chi Hsu, Ding-Shinn Chen, Jin-Chuan Sheu, Ih-Jen Su, Shiu-Ling Chen, Sou-Ming Chuang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1987)
Interleukin 3 promotes the in vitro proliferation of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
Authors: J L Spivak, R R Smith, J N Ihle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Medium conditioned by activated T lymphocytes stimulates the in vitro proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (spleen colony-forming units [CFU-S]) but the factors involved have not been identified. Because the lymphokine interleukin 3 (IL-3) enhances in vitro colony formation by committed hematopoietic progenitor cells, we examined the effect of IL-3 on the in vitro proliferation of CFU-S using an 11-d spleen colony assay. When mouse marrow cells were placed in liquid culture, CFU-S content declined progressively and by 96 h only 13% of the CFU-S remained. By contrast, after 96 h in the presence of 20 U/ml of IL-3, the number of CFU-S were the same as that in the initial inoculum. Although the number of CFU-S eventually declined, they could still be recovered after 264 h of culture. In the absence of IL-3, the number of CFU-S synthesizing DNA was negligible; in its presence, greater than 20% of the CFU-S were in cycle. IL-3 stimulated CFU-S proliferation at a concentration of 0.2 U/ml. The dose-response curve was similar to that observed for other biologic effects of the lymphokine, and as little as 1 h of exposure to IL-3 enhanced the survival of CFU-S in vitro. Treatment of marrow cells with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement before exposure to IL-3 did not inhibit spleen colony formation, but treatment of the cells with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement after exposure to IL-3 reduced CFU-S recovery after 96 h of culture by 45%. The cell composition of day 11 spleen colonies formed by IL-3-treated marrow cells was similar to that of colonies formed by untreated marrow cells. Finally, day 11 CFU-S persisting in the marrow of mice treated with 5-fluorouracil required IL-3 for proliferation in vitro. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-3 promotes the proliferation of CFU-S in vitro, increases the number of CFU-S synthesizing DNA, but does not alter their commitment program, and the target cell population includes CFU-S with self-renewal and marrow-repopulating ability.
London conference outlines priorities for health care in Darfur
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Darfur’s health system requires a major overhaul to overcome its existing shortcomings and to cope with the challenges of reconstruction after conflict, participants at a Darfur medical conference said this week.

The meeting from 1 to 3 March, organised by British Friends of Sudan and held at London University’s School for Oriental and African Studies, was intended to “start the process for a health development plan for Darfur.” It heard contributions from senior Sudanese medical specialists in various fields, and from representatives of Sudan’s federal ministry of health and non-governmental organisations.

The prospect of peace in Darfur offered both opportunities and challenges, particularly from the relocation and resettlement of …
Type II Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
Authors: ROBERT W. ENQUIST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Three children from a family with 10 members had congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type II. These cases differ from those previously described in that Gaucher-like histiocytes were present in bone marrow aspirates from all affected children. The light and electron microscopic appearance of these cells resembled those described in chronic myelogenous leukemia and thalassemia. Using the endogenous carbon monoxide production as an index of total heme turnover and the erythrocyte 51Cr survival as an index of peripheral destruction, significant erythrocyte hemolysis was shown in the marrow. A recessive mode of inheritance is suggested, with the homozygous person having clinical disease and the heterozygous person having only serological abnormalities.
Clinical and Testing Protocols for the Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in East Asian Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Combined Clinical-Molecular Pathological Approach
Authors: Manuel Salto-Tellez, Ming-Sound Tsao, Jin-Yuan Shih, Sumitra Thongprasert, Shun Lu, Gee-Chen Chang, Joseph Siu-Kie Au, Teh-Ying Chou, Jong-Seok Lee, Yuan-Kai Shi, Ahmad Radzi, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Sang-We Kim, Soo-Yong Tan, James Chih-Hsin Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
The Contribution of Virologic Research to Clinical Neurology
Authors: Richard T. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

OVER the past 15 years research in virology has produced the first curative therapy for acute encephalitis, established a viral cause for five chronic neurologic diseases, and suggested a possible viral origin for a wide spectrum of other neurologic disorders.1 This progress has instilled new optimism in the field of neurology and has brought some future research needs into focus.Acute Neurologic DiseasesHerpes Simplex Virus EncephalitisUntil recently the treatment of patients with acute viral encephalitis consisted only of excluding the possibility of a nonviral, treatable cause of the disease and instituting supportive care. The introduction of vidarabine, the . . .
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION ASSESSED BY MIBG IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Takahiro Doi, Naohiro Funayama, Junichi Nishida, Atsushi Mchizuki, Hidemichi Kouzu, Noriyuki Fujii, Takeru Wakabayashi, Satoshi Yuda, Mamoru Hase, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Kazuaki Shimamoto, Tomoaki Nakata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)