tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Sequential Visualization of the Heart and Great Vessels in Man Using the Wide-Field Anger Scintillation Camera
Authors: DEAN T. MASON, WILLIAM L. ASHBURN, JOHN C. HARBERT, LAWRENCE SANFORD COHEN, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The recent development of the instantaneously sensing Anger scintillation camera, capable of recording wide-field radioisotope images from the precordium, and a system for video storage and analysis has provided a means of visualizing the anatomic and hemodynamic features of the heart and great vessels without the hazards involved in introducing a radiopaque agent. Sodium pertechnetate ( 99m TcO 4 - ) produces no cardiocirculatory effects or untoward actions and delivers only 0.13 rads of total body radiation. Following injection, the rapidly changing distribution of radioactivity within the heart is recorded by the scintillation camera-television system which includes no inherent dead time or overlap of the scanned field from frame to frame. Video tape replay is available immediately and sequential integrated pictures are possible at any rate up to 60 sec. Radioisotope images of longer intervals are easily obtained by the integration of successive stop-action fields reproduced on a high resolution television monitor and photographed on rapidly developed film. In addition, the replay may be gated and tracked, allowing selected phases to be integrated and time-concentration curves of blood flow. Five to 10 millicuries of 99m TcO 4 - in 2 to 8 cc were rapidly injected into selected cardiac chambers at the time of diagnostic catheterization in 50 patients with a variety of congenital and acquired forms of heart disease. Movement of radioisotope closely reflected the hemodynamic alterations caused by these conditions, as determined by standard contrast angiocardiography. The radioisotope-angiocardiogram provides a new approach for visualization of the cardiovascular system, does not require the use of radiopaque medium, is safer than angiography, and does not disturb circulatory function.
Enzymatic Vitreolysis with Ocriplasmin for Vitreomacular Traction and Macular Holes
Authors: Peter Stalmans, Matthew S. Benz, Arnd Gandorfer, Anselm Kampik, Aniz Girach, Stephen Pakola, Julia A. Haller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Vitreomacular adhesion can lead to pathologic traction and macular hole. The standard treatment for severe, symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion is vitrectomy. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease with activity against fibronectin and laminin, components of the vitreoretinal interface.We conducted two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trials to compare a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin (125 μg) with a placebo injection in patients with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. The primary end point was resolution of vitreomacular adhesion at day 28. Secondary end points were total posterior vitreous detachment and nonsurgical closure of a macular hole at 28 days, avoidance of vitrectomy, and change in best-corrected visual acuity.Overall, 652 eyes were treated: 464 with ocriplasmin and 188 with placebo. Vitreomacular adhesion resolved in 26.5% of ocriplasmin-injected eyes and in 10.1% of placebo-injected eyes (P<0.001). Total posterior vitreous detachment was more prevalent among the eyes treated with ocriplasmin than among those injected with placebo (13.4% vs. 3.7%, P<0.001). Nonsurgical closure of macular holes was achieved in 40.6% of ocriplasmin-injected eyes, as compared with 10.6% of placebo-injected eyes (P<0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity was more likely to improve by a gain of at least three lines on the eye chart with ocriplasmin than with placebo. Ocular adverse events (e.g., vitreous floaters, photopsia, or injection-related eye pain--all self-reported--or conjunctival hemorrhage) occurred in 68.4% of ocriplasmin-injected eyes and in 53.5% of placebo-injected eyes (P<0.001), and the incidence of serious ocular adverse events was similar in the two groups (P=0.26).Intravitreal injection of the vitreolytic agent ocriplasmin resolved vitreomacular traction and closed macular holes in significantly more patients than did injection of placebo and was associated with a higher incidence of ocular adverse events, which were mainly transient. (Funded by ThromboGenics; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00781859 and NCT00798317.).
An 80 year old woman who fell in her home
Authors: F. Frihagen, L. Nordsletten, R. Bahr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An 80 year old woman was brought to the hospital after falling in her home. She stumbled and landed on her right hip on her way to the bathroom. After the fall she could not get up because of hip pain and inability to control her right leg. She managed to crawl to the telephone and call her daughter. Clinical examination showed shortening and external rotation of the right leg, inability to actively move the leg, and pain, especially groin pain, on passive movement.

She lived independently in a two storey house with the bedroom upstairs. She had been a smoker for 50 years and had hypothyroidism, which had been treated with levothyroxine substitution for more than 20 years. Hypertension was treated with enalapril 5 mg daily and pravastatin 40 mg daily, and she took citalopram 20 mg daily for depression. In the winter of 2004 she had sustained a left side trochanteric fracture after falling on a slippery pavement. She was then operated on with a sliding hip screw and plate.

We obtained an anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis (fig 1⇓) and a lateral radiograph of the right hip.



Fig 1 Anteroposterior radiograph of the right hip taken on admission





### Short answers



Fig 2 Anteroposterior radiograph of the right hip taken at admission showing a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. The white arrow shows the fracture line in the proximal (head) fragment; note that the fracture is subcapital. …
Association between ozone and asthma emergency department visits in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
Authors: D M Stieb, R T Burnett, R C Beveridge, J R Brook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This study examines the relationship of asthma emergency department (ED) visits to daily concentrations of ozone and other air pollutants in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Data on ED visits with a presenting complaint of asthma (n = 1987) were abstracted for the period 1984-1992 (May-September). Air pollution variables included ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfate, and total suspended particulate (TSP); weather variables included temperature, humidex, dewpoint, and relative humidity. Daily ED visit frequencies were filtered to remove day of the week and long wave trends, and filtered values were regressed on air pollution and weather variables for the same day and the 3 previous days. The mean daily 1-hr maximum ozone concentration during the study period was 41.6 ppb. A positive, statistically significant (p < 0.05) association was observed between ozone and asthma ED visits 2 days later, and the strength of the association was greater in nonlinear models. The frequency of asthma ED visits was 33% higher (95% CI, 10-56%) when the daily 1-hr maximum ozone concentration exceeded 75 ppb (the 95th percentile). The ozone effect was not significantly influenced by the addition of weather or other pollutant variables into the model or by the exclusion of repeat ED visits. However, given the limited number of sampling days for sulfate and TSP, a particulate effect could not be ruled out. We detected a significant association between ozone and asthma ED visits, despite the vast majority of sampling days being below current U.S. and Canadian standards.
1269 OLEATE UPREGULATES LECTIN GALACTOSIDE-BINDING SOLUBLE, 2 (LGALS2) IN MODEL OF CELLULAR STEATOSIS
Authors: K.A. Lockman, N. Plevris, A. Pryde, P. Lee, P. Cowan, A.J. Jaap, P.C. Hayes, C. Filippi, J.N. Plevris
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Glutathione Deficiency, Pyroglutamic Acidemia and Amino Acid Transport
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Numerous hereditary enzyme deficiencies have been identified in red blood cells. Some of these, such as deficiency of glyoxylase II or acetylcholinesterase, seem not to be associated with any disease. In others, as in galactosemia, no hematologic disease is present, and the red cell merely serves as a convenient tool for the detection of a metabolic disorder. Most hereditary red-cell enzyme deficiencies are associated with some degree of hemolytic anemia. Finally, there are those disorders, such as triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, aldolase A deficiency and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, in which shortened red-cell lifespan is associated with Central-nervous-system dysfunction. Here, the metabolic . . .
The Debt and the Cash Flow of Residents: I. The Grim Present
Authors: James Loehr
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a fourth-year medical student, I read with interest the article by Hernried et al,<sup>1</sup>which concluded that a "typical" house officer, with extreme indebtedness, might accumulate over $75 000 of additional debt during a 5-year residency program. I have several objections to their model. First, while the authors use cost-of-living indexes to differentiate between expenses in more vs less expensive cities, they neglect to note that salaries also differ between these areas. Using information gathered on my recent residency interviews, I compared salaries from 6 California programs with those from 12 programs in seven other states. The California house officers consistently received higher salaries, ranging from 7.5% more for the first year to 22.4% more in the third year. While this would not completely make up for the difference in cost of living between California and the other states, it would help substantially. Second,
Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Infiltrates
Authors: Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To derive and validate a clinical rule for predicting pneumonic infiltrates in adult patients with acute respiratory illness. Design: Prevalence studies in three settings. Setting: Emergency departments of the University of Illinois Hospital at Chicago, the University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, and the Medical College of Virginia at Richmond. Patients: Symptoms, signs, comorbidity data, and chest roentgenogram results were recorded for 1134 patients from Illinois (the derivation set), 150 patients from Nebraska, and 152 patients from Virginia (the validation sets). All patients presented to the emergency department and had a chest roentgenogram to evaluate fever or respiratory complaints. Measurements and Main Results: Within the training set, temperature greater than 37.8 °C, pulse greater than 100 beats/min, rales, decreased breath sounds, and the absence of asthma were identified as significant predictors of radiographically proved pneumonia in a stepwise logistic regression model (P = 0.001). The logistic rule discriminated patients with and without pneumonia in the training set with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of 0.82. In the validation sets, the rule discriminated pneumonia and nonpneumonia with ROC areas of 0.82 and 0.76 after adjusting for differences in disease prevalence (P > 0.2 compared with the training set). The predicted probability of having pneumonia for patients with different clinical findings corresponded closely with the incidence of pneumonia among patients with such findings in the three settings. Conclusions: Among adults presenting with acute respiratory illness, a prediction rule based on clinical findings accurately discriminated patients with and without radiographic pneumonia, and was used in two other samples of patients without significant decrement in discriminatory ability. This rule can be used by physicians to develop more effective strategies for detecting pneumonia and for helping to determine the need for radiologic study among patients with acute respiratory disease.
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Introduction. I---Leads, rate, rhythm, and cardiac axis
Authors: S. Meek
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Electrocardiography is a fundamental part of cardiovascular assessment. It is an essential tool for investigating cardiac arrhythmias and is also useful in diagnosing cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction. Familiarity with the wide range of patterns seen in the electrocardiograms of normal subjects and an understanding of the effects of non-cardiac disorders on the trace are prerequisites to accurate interpretation.



The His-Purkinje conduction system



The contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle results from the depolarisation and repolarisation of myocardial cells. These electrical changes are recorded via electrodes placed on the limbs and chest wall and are transcribed on to graph paper to produce an electrocardiogram (commonly known as an ECG).

The sinoatrial node acts as a natural pacemaker and initiates atrial depolarisation. The impulse is propagated to the ventricles by the atrioventricular node and spreads in a coordinated fashion throughout the ventricles via the specialised conducting tissue of the His-Purkinje system. Thus, after delay in the atrioventricular mode, atrial contraction is followed by rapid and coordinated contraction of the ventricles.

The electrocardiogram is recorded on to standard paper travelling at a rate of 25 mm/s. The paper is divided into large squares, each measuring 5 mm wide and equivalent to 0.2 s. Each large square is five small squares in width, and each small square is 1 mm wide and equivalent to 0.04 s.

Throughout this article the duration of waveforms will be expressed as 0.04 s = 1 mm = 1 small square 

The electrical activity detected by the electrocardiogram machine is measured in millivolts. Machines are calibrated so that a signal with an amplitude of 1 mV moves the recording stylus vertically 1 cm. Throughout this text, the amplitude of waveforms will be expressed as: 0.1 mV = 1 mm = 1 small square.



Standard calibration signal





Role …
Legal Status of Marijuana-Reply
Authors: E. M. Steindler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree that a dispassionate examination of the health effects of marijuana is much needed. This examination must begin by making the important distinction between "marijuana" and Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana now being assessed as a possible antiemetic agent and for use in treating glaucoma. At this time, it is THC in liquid oral dosage form that is being evaluated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and scores of physicians nationwide. It appears to be an effective antiemetic for cancer patients receiving certain powerful chemotherapy agents, with the exception of pediatric or geriatric patients who do not tolerate well the psychotropic effects. The THC is manufactured with careful quality control so that the quality and quantity of the drug may be relied on by physicians and patients. Although shortages have resulted from the government's underestimation of demand, the drug has, nonetheless, been widely
Destructive Ulcerated Lesions of the Hard Palate
Authors: David Jiménez Gallo, Mario Linares Barrios
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 34-year-old woman presented with ulcerated plaques on the palate and gingiva. Culture of a palatal biopsy specimen was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. On day 10 of IV antibiotic treatment, the patient presented with fever and swelling on the left side of her face.
THE THEORY OF NARCOSIS.
Authors: HANS MEYER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I esteem it a high honor as well as a great pleasure to address you on this occasion and to have been asked to open the first course of lectures of the Harvey Society. The establishment of these lectures is additional evidence, if such be required, of the great interest displayed by American physicians in theoretical conceptions and in scientific research, and, in addition, of an earnest effort to encourage and diffuse such knowledge. I look, however, on the invitation extended to me as evidence of your friendly and fraternal sentiments toward the whole body of German scientists, and I may be permitted on their behalf to offer you an expression of their cordial appreciation. Following the suggestion of your president, I have selected as a theme for this evening's lecture a subject which, for a long time, has repeatedly attracted and interested not only pharmacologists, but biologists as well,
Arsenic intoxication presenting as a myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report
Authors: William N. Rezuke, Crawford Anderson, William T. Pastuszak, Stephen R. Conway, Stephen I. Firshein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract A case of arsenic intoxication presenting as a myelodysplastic syndrome is reported. A 41‐year‐old woman with a 6‐month history of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms was noted to be pancytopenic at presentation. A bone marrow aspirate revealed dysmyelopoietic changes involving all three marrow cell lines. Subsequent analysis of urine for heavy metals demonstrated very high levels of arsenic. Treatment with British anti‐Lewisite (BAL) resulted in the resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms and hematologica abnormalities although the neurological complications progressed. This case emphasizes that heavy metal intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any individual presenting with the hematological features of myelodysplasia especially when accompanied by clinical features considered atypical for primary or secondary myelodysplasia.
Diabetes registers in general practice College reports higher prevalence
Authors: D M Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The recent article by Alistair Howitt and Nide Cheales on the prevalence of diabetes1 prompts me to report some recent findings in the Weekly Returns Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners2 and to make some comments.

To test interest in a prospective study among diabetic people we sought interest from our network of sentinel general practices. …
Contemporary Role of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 in the Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Marco Auprich, Anders Bjartell, Felix K.-H. Chun, Alexandre de la Taille, Stephen J. Freedland, Alexander Haese, Jack Schalken, Arnulf Stenzl, Bertrand Tombal, Henk van der Poel
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Reduced Ventricular Volumes and Improved Systolic Function With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Rajni K. Rao, Uday N. Kumar, Jill Schafer, Esperanza Viloria, David De Lurgio, Elyse Foster
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy has emerged as an important therapy for advanced systolic heart failure. Among available cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing modes that restore ventricular synchrony, it is uncertain whether simultaneous biventricular (BiV), sequential BiV, or left ventricular (LV) pacing is superior. The Device Evaluation of CONTAK RENEWAL 2 and EASYTRAK 2: Assessment of Safety and Effectiveness in Heart Failure (DECREASE-HF) trial is the first randomized trial comparing these 3 cardiac resynchronization therapy modalities.The DECREASE-HF Trial is a multicenter trial in which 306 patients with New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure, an LV ejection fraction < or = 35%, and a QRS duration > or = 150 ms were randomized to simultaneous BiV, sequential BiV, or LV pacing. LV volumes and systolic and diastolic function were assessed with echocardiography at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. All groups had a significant reduction in LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions (P<0.001). The simultaneous BiV pacing group had the greatest reduction in LV end-systolic dimension (P=0.007). Stroke volume (P<0.001) and LV ejection fraction (P<0.001) improved in all groups with no difference across groups.Compared with LV pacing, simultaneous BiV pacing was associated with a trend toward greater improvement in LV size. There is little difference between simultaneous BiV pacing and sequential BiV pacing as programmed in this trial.
Prognosis in Tetraplegia
Authors: J. R. Silver, N. O. K. Gibbon
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A total of 141 cases of traumatic tetraplegia were admitted to the Liverpool Paraplegic Centre between 1947 and 1967. Most of the deaths occurred within three months of injury, and comparison with other centres suggests that the early mortality could be reduced by more use of mechanical respirators.Urological complaints and pressure sores are hazards that can be overcome by careful attention to nursing procedures. Later deaths are more common among patients transferred from the unit to hostels or hospitals than among patients transferred home. Specialist units for these patients improve the quality of their lives as well as their expectation of life. Electronic equipment can also play a large part in helping tetraplegics to play a part in community life.
Results of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 95-01 for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Albert Moghrabi, Donna E. Levy, Barbara Asselin, Ronald Barr, Luis Clavell, Craig Hurwitz, Yvan Samson, Marshall Schorin, Virginia K. Dalton, Steven E. Lipshultz, Donna S. Neuberg, Richard D. Gelber, Harvey J. Cohen, Stephen E. Sallan, Lewis B. Silverman
Journal: Blood (2006)
Keeping a diary in intensive care halves the risk of post traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Patients who have spent more than three days in intensive care are less likely to develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if staff and relatives make a diary of their stay and go through it with them afterwards, a study has found.

Out of 162 patients randomised to review their diaries with a health professional one month after discharge from intensive care, just eight (5%) developed PTSD compared with 21 of 160 (13%) patients who did not review their stays with the help of a diary, shows the study published in the open access journal Critical Care …
Recombinant hazelnut LTP, Cor a 8: A useful tool in the in vitro diagnosis of hazelnut allergy
Authors: F. Schocker, D. Lüttkopf, A. Cisteró-Bahíma, E. Enrique, J.H. Akkerdaas, R. van Ree, S. Vieths, W.M. Becker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Hospital admission rates and the prevalence of asthma symptoms in 20 local authority districts.
Authors: P G Burney, A O Papacosta, C H Withey, J R Colley, W W Holland
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Representative samples of 20-44 year old men living in 20 local authority districts in England were surveyed in 1986 by postal questionnaire and asked about symptoms associated with asthma and treatment for asthma. Regional health authorities provided information on all hospital discharges of men of the same age living in the same districts. Specific information was also provided on discharges where the primary cause of admission was for asthma. Admission rates for asthma were related to the prevalence of night time breathlessness and independently to the all cause admission rate for men of the same age. Admission rates were not significantly related to prescription rates of either corticosteroids or beta 2 agonists for symptomatic men. This lack of association is hard to interpret without further information on variation in the severity of disease. These data show that admission rates for asthma are not dictated solely by health service characteristics, such as availability of beds or the "style" of the physician, but also reflect need. More research is required on how best to reduce the local prevalence and severity of asthma.
Distinguishing theory from implementation in predictive coding accounts of brain function
Authors: Michael W. Spratling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract It is often helpful to distinguish between a theory (Marr's computational level) and a specific implementation of that theory (Marr's physical level). However, in the target article, a single implementation of predictive coding is presented as if this were the theory of predictive coding itself. Other implementations of predictive coding have been formulated which can explain additional neurobiological phenomena.