tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atypical Plasma Factor Associated with Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Complexing with R-Type Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>-Binding Proteins
Authors: Elizabeth Jacob, Victor Herbert, Robert L. Burger, Robert H. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Human plasma contains three vitamin B12 -binding proteins known as transcobalamin I, transcobalamin II and transcobalamin III.1 2 3 4 The first and third belong to the immunologically related class of R-type vitamin B12-binding proteins and have apparent molecular weights of 150,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration. Transcobalamin II is immunologically distinct from transcobalamins I and III and has an apparent molecular weight of 38,000 daltons. In our studies of vitamin B12-binding serum proteins, we found a patient with carcinoma of the bronchus in whom 90 per cent of the endogenous vitamin B12 was in a . . .
Meta-analysis of genome scans and replication identify CD6, IRF8 and TNFRSF1A as new multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci
Authors: Philip L De Jager, Xiaoming Jia, Joanne Wang, Paul I W de Bakker, Linda Ottoboni, Neelum T Aggarwal, Laura Piccio, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Dong Tran, Cristin Aubin, Rebeccah Briskin, Susan Romano, Sergio E Baranzini, Jacob L McCauley, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Jonathan L Haines, Rachel A Gibson, Yvonne Naeglin, Bernard Uitdehaag, Paul M Matthews, Ludwig Kappos, Chris Polman, Wendy L McArdle, David P Strachan, Denis Evans, Anne H Cross, Mark J Daly, Alastair Compston, Stephen J Sawcer, Howard L Weiner, Stephen L Hauser, David A Hafler, Jorge R Oksenberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Studies on the Epidemiology of Resistance (R) Factors: I. Analysis of Klebsiella Isolates in a General Hospital: II. A Prospective Study of R Factor Transfer in the Host
Authors: PIERCE GARDNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In a nosocomial outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella, resistance (R) factors were found to mediate drug resistance in 90% of the isolates tested. An analysis of Klebsiella isolates and a prospective study of interbacterial transfer of R factors in hospital patients both suggested that environmental selection by antibiotics and colonization of patients with resistant organisms are of far greater epidemiological significance than transfer of R factors in the gastrointestinal tract. The public health implications are discussed.
Acute Change in Hemoglobin Affinity for Oxygen during Angina Pectoris
Authors: Stephen D. Shappell, John A. Murray, Michel G. Nasser, Robert E. Wills, John D. Torrance, Claude J. M. Lenfant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The hypothesis that a decrease in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is a compensory mechanism to increase oxygen delivery to ischemic myocardium was tested in six patients with angina pectoris. Blood was drawn simultaneously from radial artery and coronary sinus. Oxygen tension at 50 per cent saturation (P50) and erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate and pH measured before, during and after angina pectoris produced by atrial pacing showed no significant difference at rest. The longer the duration of angina pectoris, the more coronary-sinus P50 exceeded arterial P50. After four to 10 minutes of angina, the difference was 0.6 to 2.9 mm of mercury. One patient, in whom ST-segment depression and lactate production but no angina pectoris developed, had no change in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. Decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen was not accompanied by change in erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate and pH. The rapid decrease in affinity enhances myocardial oxygen delivery during angina pectoris.
THE INTRAVENOUS USE OF VITAMIN K
Authors: JOHN H. OLWIN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The intravenous use of a vitamin K active substance in prothrombin deficient patients was first reported by Smith, Ziffren, Owen and Hoffman<sup>1</sup>in 1939. Phthiocol (2-methyl-3-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone), synthesized by Anderson and Newman<sup>2</sup>sixteen years earlier, was used. Forty-five cc. of a 0.2 per cent solution given in divided doses was sufficient to raise the prothrombin level in 1 case from 39 to 75 per cent in twenty-four hours. In other cases it was found effective in doses of 40 to 100 mg.<sup>3</sup>No toxic effects were observed. Subsequently Butt, Snell and Osterberg<sup>4</sup>reported the effective administration of the same material in 9 cases of hypoprothrombinemia. They found that a dose of 25 mg. was not adequate but that 50 mg. brought the prothrombin to a safe level. Later, Butt, Snell, Osterberg and Bollman<sup>5</sup>found that 1,4-dehydroxy-2-methyl-3-naphthaldehyde was effective in 8 cases in which the material
Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis with amoxycillin once a day.
Authors: P Shvartzman, H Tabenkin, A Rosentzwaig, F Dolginov
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate treatment of group A beta haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with amoxycillin once daily compared with phenoxymethylpenicillin three or four times a day. DESIGN--Randomised controlled study of consecutive patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of group A beta haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in whom culture of a throat swab yielded positive results. SETTING--Five family medicine practices. SUBJECTS--157 patients aged over 3 years who required treatment with antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Clinical response, bacteriological response, days at work and school lost, and compliance. RESULTS--During the period of the study 393 patients presented with symptoms suggesting streptococcal pharyngitis; 157 of them had throat swabs that yielded positive results on culture. Eighty two were treated with phenoxymethylpenicillin and 75 with amoxycillin. No difference was observed in the clinical response, days at work and school lost (139 days for 64 patients taking phenoxymethylpenicillin v 100 days for 57 patients taking amoxycillin; p &gt; 0.2), or residual positive cultures after two days (6 (7.3%) v 3 (4%); p &gt; 0.5). A significant difference in the bacteriological response was found after 14 days (5 (6.1%) v 0; p &lt; 0.04) with no positive cultures observed in the amoxycillin group. CONCLUSIONS--These findings support the hypothesis that amoxycillin once daily is as effective as phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of group A beta haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.
The Value of Combined Peritumoral and Subdermal Injection Techniques for Lymphoscintigraphy in Detection of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yasemin Sanli, Kezban Berberoglu, Cuneyt Turkmen, Vahid Ozmen, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Abdullah Igci, Oktar Asoglu, Mustafa Kecer, Sitki Tuzlali, Sema Cantez, Ayse Mudun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of combined peritumoral and subdermal injection techniques based on our previous experience on different injection techniques for lymphoscintigraphy.Fifty-nine women with early breast cancer (mean tumor size, 20.5 mm) were prospectively studied. On the morning of the operation, each patient had 2 injections, one peritumoral (PT) medial to the lesion and one subdermal (SD) into the skin over the tumor quadrant. Each injection consisted of 20 MBq (540 mCi) Tc-99m rhenium sulfide colloid. Early dynamic and delayed static images were obtained up to 4 hours after injections. An intraoperative gamma probe was used to explore the axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). All surgical specimens were evaluated histopathologically.Forty patients had breast-preserving surgery and 19 had modified radical mastectomy. Thirty-eight patients had axillary dissection. All but 4 patients showed axillary lymphatic drainage. Twelve of 59 patients (20%) showed extraaxillary drainage with lymphoscintigraphy. Combined injection technique yielded a 93.2% success rate in detecting axillary SLN. In 2 of 4 patients with no drainage on lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe revealed SLN during the surgery. Twenty patients (33%) had positive axillary lymph nodes. In 14 of them, the SLN was the only positive node. A false-negative rate was found 1.6% (one of 59 patients).This results suggest that a combination of both PT and SD techniques increases the success rate of visualization SLN and enhances the visualization of extraaxillary nodes for further treatment planning.
Existentialism in American Psychiatry—Ten Years Later
Authors: MILTON H. MILLER, CARL A. WHITAKER, CARL H. FELLNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In the early 1950s it seemed that existentialism was destined to have a major influence upon American psychiatry. The authors assess the important professional changes which have occurred during the last decade and describe existential influences upon these changes. Even though a distinct existential movement has not developed, existential thinkers have contributed substantially to the emerging American psychiatry.
Aberrant accumulation of PTTG1 induced by a mutated thyroid hormone β receptor inhibits mitotic progression
Authors: Hao Ying, Fumihiko Furuya, Li Zhao, Osamu Araki, Brian L. West, John A. Hanover, Mark C. Willingham, Sheue-yann Cheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Overexpression of pituitary tumor-transforming 1 (PTTG1) is associated with thyroid cancer. We found elevated PTTG1 levels in the thyroid tumors of a mouse model of follicular thyroid carcinoma (TRbeta(PV/PV) mice). Here we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying elevated PTTG1 levels and the contribution of increased PTTG1 to thyroid carcinogenesis. We showed that PTTG1 was physically associated with thyroid hormone beta receptor (TRbeta) as well as its mutant, designated PV. Concomitant with thyroid hormone-induced (T3-induced) degradation of TRbeta, PTTG1 proteins were degraded by the proteasomal machinery, but no such degradation occurred when PTTG1 was associated with PV. The degradation of PTTG1/TRbeta was activated by the direct interaction of the liganded TRbeta with steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3), which recruits proteasome activator PA28gamma. PV, which does not bind T3, could not interact directly with SRC-3/PA28gamma to activate proteasome degradation, resulting in elevated PTTG1 levels. The accumulated PTTG1 impeded mitotic progression in cells expressing PV. Our results unveil what we believe to be a novel mechanism by which PTTG1, an oncogene, is regulated by the liganded TRbeta. The loss of this regulatory function in PV led to an aberrant accumulation of PTTG1 disrupting mitotic progression that could contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis.
475. SeV-Mediated Gene Transfer after Three Re-Administrations in Mice and Sheep
Authors: Uta Griesenbach, Gerry McLachlan, Lucinda Somerton, David Collie, Makoto Inoue, Takashi Hironaka, Seng Cheng, Ronald Scheule, Toshiyuki Owaki, Alison Baker, Peter Tennant, Mamoru Hasegawa, Eric W.F.W. Alton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant Sendai-virus (SeV) vector transduces airway epithelium efficiently via the apical membrane and leads to high, but transient gene expression. The treatment of chronic diseases may require repeated administration of the virus. We have previously shown that three repeat administrations of recombinant Sendai virus (DF/SeV) did not lead to measurable luciferase (lux) expression after the third administration. However, as part of these experiments we noted that even after one administration, lux expression was lower than expected for a given virus dose. Sequence analysis revealed that the lux gene contained sequences that may be recognised by SeV as "stuttering" sequences and may interfere with gene expression. In an attempt to improve SeV-mediated lux expression we introduced several silent mutations to modify these putative stuttering sequences. SeV-mediated lux expression in the lung was increased 2.5-fold (n=10, p<0.005), when compared to the unmodified lux. We next repeated the re- administration experiment using both weekly and monthly dosing intervals [dose 1: SeV-GFP, dose 2: SeV-GFP, dose 3: SeV-lux, 108 pfu/mouse/dose (n=20/dose)]. Lux expression was measured two days after SeV-lux administration. Lux expression after three monthly administrations of SeV was significantly reduced compared to single administration, but remained significantly (p<0.005) higher than untransduced controls. Lux expression was similar to expression levels that can be achieved with the non-viral gene transfer agent GL67. To assess whether the expression pattern is similar in a host in which wild type SeV infection is of no apparent significance (as in men), we transduced sheep with DF/SeV-lacZ. We first determined the time-course of b-gal expression after aerosolisation of 2x1010 pfu/sheep (n=4) using a Trudell AeroProbe catheter. Bronchial biopsies (Bx, n=8/sheep/time-point) were collected 2-28 days after transduction and bgal expression compared to pre-treatment values. Similar to mice, gene expression in sheep was maximal 2 days after gene transfer (UT: 43.7±4.3; d2: 5705.7±3708.2 RLU/mg protein, p<0.05) and had returned to pre-treatment values 7 days after transduction. After monthly repeat administration (doses 1+2: DF/ SeV-empty, dose 3: DF/SeV-lacZ, n=4) we also detected low but significant (p<0.05) residual bgal expression (47.5±7.1 RLU/mg protein, n=20 bx/sheep) compared to sheep receiving 3 doses of DF/SeV-empty (29.5±1.1 RLU/mg protein, n=4). In conclusion, the expression pattern of SeV is similar in mice and sheep. Expression is transient, but after repeat administration of 3 doses, low but significant gene expression similar to levels seen with non-viral gene transfer agents can be detected. Some authors are employed by DNAVEC Corporation.
Further Evidence for Altered Cerebellar Neuronal Integrity in Schizophrenia
Authors: Gabriele Ende, Petra Hubrich, Sigrid Walter, Wolfgang Weber-Fahr, Nina Kämmerer, Dieter F. Braus, Fritz A. Henn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The authors' goal was to investigate the distribution of metabolites and voxel composition in the pons and three cerebellar subregions and compare metabolite integral values and differences in voxel composition between patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects.Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to study the cerebellum and pons of 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy comparison subjects.The voxel composition was not significantly different between the groups, but the patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower N-acetylaspartate levels in the cerebellar cortex and vermis.The lower integral value of N-acetylaspartate in the cerebellar cortex and the vermis of patients with schizophrenia supports the theory of a dysfunctional corticocerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit in schizophrenia.
Abstract 1539: Antibody targeted CpG for the immunotherapy of solid tumors
Authors: Julie K. Jang, Peisheng Hu, Zhongjun Li, Leslie A. Khawli, Alan L. Epstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A method is described to improve the therapeutic effects of unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) analogues, which can be used to stimulate the innate immune system for the treatment of cancer. The study is based on the generation of novel reagents that can be used to target tumors after linkage of CpG ODNs analogues to tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies. This approach is novel in concept and may yield important information regarding the effectiveness of innate immunity in the treatment of cancer. CpG has been used primarily as an adjuvant injected locally at the site of interest or mixed with tumor vaccines. For systemic diseases such as cancer, however, the local administration of CpG would limit its potential to the site of injection. To address this, we have chemically linked active CpG motif analogues to chTNT-3, a monoclonal antibody which targets tumor necrosis, a site rich in tumor antigens. Our findings validate the usefulness of this novel approach and show that, compared to the parental antibody, the CpG immunoconjugate is able to target tumor and produce a 50% greater reduction in tumor growth. It is anticipated that the availability of antibody targeted CpG will enable research to optimize the effectiveness of this approach, especially when combined with other forms of immunotherapy, for the successful treatment of solid tumors. Additional studies using CpG motif analogues conjugated to rituximab (anti-CD20) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2/neu) are underway to demonstrate the full potential of this approach in tumors positive for these common biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1539. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1539
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY REDUCTION BY PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IS CONSISTENT ACROSS SPECTRUM OF AGE
Authors: Sanneke P. De Boer, Cindy W. Westerhout, John Simes, Cindy L. Grines, Chris B. Granger, Felix Zijlstra, Eric Boersma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Do Explicit Appropriateness Criteria Enhance the Diagnostic Yield of Colonoscopy?
Authors: V. de Bosset, F. Froehlich, J.-P. Rey, J. Thorens, C. Schneider, V. Wietlisbach, J.-P. Vader, B. Burnand, B. Muhlhaupt, M. Fried, J. J. Gonvers
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Appropriateness of use of colonoscopy is an important issue in health care in the quest to improve quality of care while at the same time containing costs. This prospective study examined whether detailed and explicit appropriateness criteria significantly improve the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients referred for diagnostic colonoscopy at five centers (one university hospital and its outpatient department, two district hospitals, and two gastroenterology practices) were prospectively studied over a 17-month period. The appropriateness of the indications for these colonoscopies was assessed using explicit Swiss criteria developed by the Rand Corporation/University of California at Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) panel method, and the relationship between appropriateness of use and the presence of clinically relevant endoscopic lesions was analysed. Results: 1188 patients were included in the study. Indications for 1144 (96.3 %) of the colonoscopies could be evaluated using explicit criteria; 64.1 % of the colonoscopies were judged appropriate, 13.3 % uncertain and 22.6 % inappropriate. Significant endoscopic lesions were found in 23.8 % of the colonoscopies. Colonoscopies judged appropriate or uncertain yielded significantly more relevant lesions than did those judged to be inappropriate (25.6 % vs. 17.4 %; P = 0.007). Of 51 colon cancers, all but one were found in colonoscopies judged to be appropriate or uncertain. In a multivariate analysis, the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was significantly influenced by appropriateness, patient gender and treatment setting. Conclusions: The use of detailed and explicit appropriateness criteria for colonoscopy significantly enhances the identification of relevant lesions and in particular of colon cancer. The use of such criteria could therefore improve patient selection for colonoscopy and thus contribute to efforts aimed at enhancing the quality and efficiency of care.
On a SECOND CASE of REMOVAL of a "PRESSURE POUCH" of the OESOPHAGUS
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1898)

43SPHAOUS.[JAN.I, I898.more rapidly the larygeal stenosis has been developed, whilst if this pro- cess has taken place slowly-as, for instance, in many cases of tabes dor- salis-it is remarkable how great an adaptability the organism shows to the altered conditions.Degrees of laryngeal stenosis are borne under such circumstances with comparative ease, which on laryngoscopic examipation would seem to be almost incompatible with the continuation of life. 13This case which is important from various points of view has been described by me previous y, in the Virchow Festschrift, and in Brain, Parts 59-60, I892.14Fuller information on this important question will be found in my paper on Mechanical Impairments of the Functions of the Crico-arytenoid Articulalion, etc.,
Magnetic Core–Shell Nanocapsules with Dual‐Targeting Capabilities and Co‐Delivery of Multiple Drugs to Treat Brain Gliomas
Authors: Jen‐Hung Fang, Yen‐Ho Lai, Tsung‐Lang Chiu, You‐Yin Chen, Shang‐Hsiu Hu, San‐Yuan Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Lactoferrin (Lf)‐tethered magnetic double emulsion nanocapsules (Lf‐MDCs) are assembled from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles. The core–shell nanostructure of the Lf‐MDCs (particle diameters from 100 to 150 nm) can simultaneously accommodate a hydrophilic drug, doxorubicin (Dox), and a hydrophobic drug, curcumin (Cur), in the core and shell, respectively, of the nanocapsules for an efficient drug delivery system. The release patterns of the two drugs can be regulated by manipulating the surface charges and drug‐loading ratios, providing the capability for a stepwise adjuvant release to treat cancer cells. The results demonstrate that the dual (Dox+Cur)‐drug‐loaded nanocapsule can be effectively delivered into RG2 glioma cells to enhance the cytotoxicity against the cells through a synergistic effect. The combined targeting, i.e., magnetic guidance and incorporation of Lf ligands, of these Lf‐MDCs results in significantly elevated cellular uptake in the RG2 cells that overexpress the Lf receptor. Interestingly, an intravenous injection of the co‐delivered chemotherapeutics follows by magnetic targeting in brain tumor‐bearing mice not only achieve high accumulation at the targeted site but also more efficiently suppress cancer growth in vivo than does the delivery of either drug alone.
A genome-wide map of diversity in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Sarah K Volkman, Pardis C Sabeti, David DeCaprio, Daniel E Neafsey, Stephen F Schaffner, Danny A Milner, Johanna P Daily, Ousmane Sarr, Daouda Ndiaye, Omar Ndir, Soulyemane Mboup, Manoj T Duraisingh, Amanda Lukens, Alan Derr, Nicole Stange-Thomann, Skye Waggoner, Robert Onofrio, Liuda Ziaugra, Evan Mauceli, Sante Gnerre, David B Jaffe, Joanne Zainoun, Roger C Wiegand, Bruce W Birren, Daniel L Hartl, James E Galagan, Eric S Lander, Dyann F Wirth
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Recent advances: Nephrology
Authors: C R V Tomson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Most doctors qualify with a knowledge that the kidney is an important organ, that the diseases affecting it are complex, and that renal physiology is difficult to understand. Once in clinical practice confusion persists particularly over which patients should be referred and when and, for instance, over whether angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are uniquely effective at preventing progressive renal failure or contraindicated in renal failure. Much of this confusion is now unnecessary. Recent advances have clarified some aspects of renal physiology: now the teachers understand them there is more hope of explaining them to students. Knowledge of the various types of glomerulonephritis is not necessary in deciding when a patient should be referred: this decision is becoming increasingly important as the potential for prevention of progressive renal disease increases.
Book Review AIDS in the Industrialized Democracies: Passions, Politics, and Policies Edited by David L. Kirp and Ronald Bayer. 393 pp. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 1992. $45 (cloth); $16 (paper). 0-1835-1822-9
Authors: Harvey J. Makadon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Response to Comment on: Olsson et al. High Levels of Education Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Results From the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:102–107
Authors: Lisa Olsson, Anders Ahlbom, Valdemar Grill, Kristian Midthjell, Sofia Carlsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We appreciate the interest of Sawicki and Bastian (1) in our study. They propose an alternative explanation of our results, namely, that parents with a high education level would have better controlled diabetes, leading to lesser complications during pregnancy, which, in turn, would lead to stronger liability for …