tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rhyme and reason
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) concentrations below the limit of detection at presentation are low risk. We aim to determine whether implementing this approach facilitates the safe early discharge of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> In a prospective single-centre cohort study, consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome were included before (standard care) and after (intervention) implementation of an early rule-out pathway. During standard care, myocardial infarction was ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were &lt;99th centile (14 ng/L) at presentation and at 6–12 hours after symptom onset. In the intervention, patients were ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were &lt;5 ng/L at presentation and symptoms present for ≥3 hours or were ≥5 ng/L and unchanged within the reference range at 3 hours. We compared duration of stay (efficacy) and all-cause death at 1 year (safety) before and after implementation. <h3>Results</h3> We included 10 315 consecutive patients (64±16 years, 46% women) with 6642 (64%) and 3673 (36%) in the standard care and intervention groups, respectively. Duration of stay was reduced from 534 (IQR, 220–2279) to 390 (IQR, 218–1910) min (p&lt;0.001) after implementation. At 1 year, all-cause death occurred in 10.9% (721 of 6642) and 10.4% (381 of 3673) of patients in the standard care group (referent) and intervention group, respectively (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, implementing an early rule-out pathway using hs-cTnT concentrations &lt;5 ng/L at presentation reduced the duration of stay in hospital without compromising safety.
The Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Reed E. Pyeritz
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2000)

▪ Abstract The Marfan syndrome (MFS), initially described just over 100 years ago, was among the first conditions classified as a heritable disorder of connective tissue. MFS lies at one end of a phenotypic continuum, with people in the general population who have one or another of the features of MFS at the other end, and those with a variety of other conditions in between. Diagnosis of MFS and these other conditions remains based on clinical features. Mutations in FBN1, the gene that encodes fibrillin-1, are responsible for MFS and (in a few patients) other disorders in the continuum. In addition to skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular features, patients with MFS have involvement of the skin, integument, lungs, and muscle tissue. Over the past 30 years, evolution of aggressive medical and surgical management of the cardiovascular problems, especially mitral valve prolapse, aortic dilatation, and aortic dissection, has resulted in considerable improvement in life expectancy.
DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)
Authors: R. Bleiweiss, J. A. Kirsch, J. C. Matheus
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The spectacular evolutionary radiation of hummingbirds (Trochilidae) has served as a model system for many biological studies. To begin to provide a historical context for these investigations, we generated a complete matrix of DNA hybridization distances among 26 hummingbirds and an outgroup swift (Chaetura pelagica) to determine the principal hummingbird lineages. FITCH topologies estimated from symmetrized delta TmH-C values and subjected to various validation methods (bootstrapping, weighted jackknifing, branch length significance) indicated a fundamental split between hermit (Eutoxeres aquila, Threnetes ruckeri; Phaethornithinae) and nonhermit (Trochilinae) hummingbirds, and provided strong support for six principal nonhermit clades with the following branching order: (1) a predominantly lowland group comprising caribs (Eulampis holosericeus) and relatives (Androdon aequatorialis and Heliothryx barroti) with violet-ears (Colibri coruscans) and relatives (Doryfera ludovicae); (2) an Andean-associated clade of highly polytypic taxa (Eriocnemis, Heliodoxa, and Coeligena); (3) a second endemic Andean clade (Oreotrochilus chimborazo, Aglaiocercus coelestis, and Lesbia victoriae) paired with thorntails (Popelairia conversii); (4) emeralds and relatives (Chlorostilbon mellisugus, Amazilia tzacatl, Thalurania colombica, Orthorhyncus cristatus and Campylopterus villaviscensio); (5) mountain-gems (Lampornis clemenciae and Eugenes fulgens); and (6) tiny bee-like forms (Archilochus colubris, Myrtis fanny, Acestrura mulsant, and Philodice mitchellii). Corresponding analyses on a matrix of unsymmetrized delta values gave similar support for these relationships except that the branching order of the two Andean clades (2, 3 above) was unresolved. In general, subsidiary relationships were consistent and well supported by both matrices, sometimes revealing surprising associations between forms that differ dramatically in plumage and bill morphology. Our results also reveal some basic aspects of hummingbird ecologic and morphologic evolution. For example, most of the diverse endemic Andean assemblage apparently comprises two genetically divergent clades, whereas the majority of North American hummingbirds belong a single third clade. Genetic distances separating some morphologically distinct genera (Oreotrochilus, Aglaiocercus, Lesbia; Myrtis, Acestrura, Philodice) were no greater than among congeneric (Coeligena) species, indicating that, in hummingbirds, morphological divergence does not necessarily reflect level of genetic divergence.
Etiological classification and the acquisition and structure of knowledge
Authors: Michael T. Ghiselin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Millikan's account of how we acquire our most basic concepts might be clarified by a better ontological taxonomy, especially one that distinguishes between natural kinds on the one hand and wholes composed of parts on the other. The two have a different causal basis, which is important because once classification goes beyond the stage of naive induction, it becomes fundamentally etiological.
Challenges and Future Directions in the Prevention and Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eric J. Small, Eric A. Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The first annual multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Symposium (Orlando, FL, February 17-19, 2005) was a remarkable meeting that brought together 1,035 individuals interested in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. This meeting, sponsored jointly by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, the Society of Urologic Oncology, and the Prostate Cancer Foundation, was the culmination of several years of planning, and represented the first truly multidisciplinary scientific and educational meeting dedicated solely to prostate cancer.
Abstract 481: The role of jaspamide in the actin cytoskeleton of melanoma cells: The relation between migration and invasion
Authors: Michelle S. Menezes, Adam Martens, Evandro Luis O. Niero, Fabio Siviero, Glaucia M. Machado-Santelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of melanoma mortality. The metastatic cascade represents a multi-step process which includes several cellular and molecular processes including cell migration and invasion. Tumor cells can migrate either collectively, in a mesenchymal or in an amoeboid type of movement. The role of microfilaments is essential in mesenchymal migration, where it acts in the formation of membrane protrusions, and amoeboid migration, where they play a key role in cell contraction. In this context, the present work aimed to analyze the effects of the marine sponge-derived drug jaspamide, which has well-known properties on cytoskeleton (anti-polymerizing of the actin microfilaments). After the determination of the IC50 concentrations for the HT144 (derived from human melanoma) and NGM (from human benign nevus) cell lines, the effects of the treatment with jaspamide were studied through wound assays, transwell assays, Boyden's chamber assays, fluorescent cytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The treatments demonstrated the drug acts disorganizing the microfilament cytoskeleton in a dose-dependent way, leading the accumulation of F-actin in the perinuclear region. The wound assays indicated that drug treatment impaired the migration ability of both cell lines. However assays in Boyden's chambers showed increasing in cell migration in consequence of jaspamide treatment, result that could be explained by switch of the migration strategy from mesenchymal to ameboid. This fact was corroborated by the decreased expression of the IRSp53 protein after jaspamide treatment meanwhile MT1-MMP expression is not affected by the treatment. By treating thecell lines with the compounds Y-27632 or NSC23766 in addition to jaspamide, it is possible to conclude that NGM cells use mainly the RAc signaling pathway to control cellular migration process. In contrast, the melanoma cell line HT144 however could use either Rac or Rho pathway to migrate. Key words: Melanoma. Jaspamide. Migration. Invasion. Metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 481. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-481
Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hai-Yin Jiang, Hua-Zhong Chen, Xin-Jun Hu, Zheng-He Yu, Wei Yang, Min Deng, Yong-Hua Zhang, Bing Ruan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Factors Contributing to Declines in Cardiac Mortality-Reply
Authors: Maria G. M. Hunink
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rumm and colleagues are incorrect in their assertion that our model was designed to favor treatment over prevention. In fact, we modeled known changes in risk factors and in outcomes of treatment to determine whether these changes could explain the known decline in mortality. As with any model, it is possible that any of our estimates could be incorrect, but we provided detailed information for peer review and believe it is inappropriate to claim we were somehow biased in favor of treatment over prevention. As we acknowledge in the Comment section, trends in aspirin use, estrogen replacement therapy, and exercise regimens may be important factors that we omitted from our analysis. Although causes other than risk factors or medical interventions may have played a major role as suggested by Rumm and colleagues, this remains speculative in the absence of data to support such a statement with respect to CHD
ST-segment elevation with elective DC cardioversion.
Authors: P K Chun, J E Davia, D J Donohue
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Elective direct-current cardioversion was performed in three patients with atrial fibrillation. Transient ST-segment elevation on monitored leads, lasting seconds, was recorded after cardioversion in all three patients. LDH, CPK isoenzymes, and myocardial scintigraphy did not reveal myocardial damage. Elective cardioversion should be performed with caution, for the potential for cardiac damage cannot be ignored.
Practice Guidelines and Malpractice Litigation: A Two-Way Street
Authors: Andrew L. Hyams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To understand how practice guidelines are used in malpractice litigation. Design: Review of the open and closed malpractice claims of two medical malpractice insurance companies, and a mailed survey of attorneys who litigate malpractice claims. Setting: United States. Participants: Two insurance companies and 960 randomly selected malpractice attorneys. Measurements: Frequency and nature of the use of practice guidelines in litigation; understanding and frequency of the use of practice guidelines by attorneys in malpractice cases. Results: 259 claims opened in 1990-1992 at two insurance companies, including all obstetrics and anesthesia claims and a random sample of other claims, were reviewed. Seventeen of these claims involved practice guidelines, which were used as exculpatory evidence (exonerating the defendant physician) in 4 cases and as inculpatory evidence (implicating the defendant physician) in 12 cases. The only physician or patient factors associated with use of a guideline was a longer physician–patient relationship (P = 0.021). Nine hundred and sixty surveys were mailed and 578 were returned (response rate, 60.1%). Attorneys reported that once a suit is initiated, practice guidelines are likely to be used for inculpatory purposes (inculpatory in 54% of cases; exculpatory in 22.7% of cases). However, guidelines that seem to offer exculpatory value induce attorneys not to bring suits. The only attorney factor associated with increased use of guidelines was a practice in which more than 50% of business was in medical malpractice. Conclusions: Guidelines are used both by plaintiffs' and defendants' attorneys in malpractice cases. The emphasis in health reform proposals on guidelines as exculpatory evidence should be carefully considered.
Demonstration of Insulin Transformation Products in Insulin Vials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Robert Gregory, Susan Edwards, Nigel A Yateman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To assess the importance of temperature, light, agitation, and regular withdrawal of insulin on the rates of appearance of three groups of insulin transformation products (ITPs) in vials of human and beef soluble insulin. Research Design And Methods Twelve insulin-treated patients (6 receiving human soluble insulin, 6 receiving beef soluble insulin) participated in the study. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure ITP in serial samples from vials stored in various laboratory environments or issued to patients. Vials in the laboratory were analyzed on nine occasions over 26 wk; those issued to patients were analyzed weekly. Results Results were expressed as rates of change (% total protein/wk). Except for human insulin stored at 4°C, sampling did not accelerate transformation. Storage at higher temperatures caused more rapid transformation to all ITP groups, and human insulin was more susceptible than beef insulin. Exposure to light accelerated transformation mainly to group 3 ITP. Fibrillation occurred in beef but not human insulin carried in a shirt pocket. Results from patients' vials were consistent with reported storage conditions. Conclusions All three ITP groups form in human and beef soluble insulin. Their rate of production is a function of temperature and light exposure. Differences between the two insulins were probably due to differences in formulation. Patients should be discouraged from hoarding vials and storing insulin in direct sunlight. One or more ITPs could contribute to the residual immunogenicity of modern insulin preparations.
Sulindac and Pancreatitis
Authors: ALLAN D. SIEFKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1980Sulindac and PancreatitisALLAN D. SIEFKIN, M.D.ALLAN D. SIEFKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-932_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Goldstein recently reported a case of acute pancreatitis associated with sulindac use (1). I recently cared for a patient in whom the association is also convincing.A 72-year-old woman had 2 days of increasingly severe midepigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting after 3 to 4 months of dull abdominal and back pain. Upper gastrointestinal test findings 1 monh earlier had been normal. Oral cholecystogram findings 2 years previously had been normal. She was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and treated symptomatically with fluids and nasogastric suction. She had a history of idiopathic...Reference1. GOLDSTEINLASKINGINSBERG JDG. Sulindac associated with pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(Part 1):151. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California Davis, School of Medicine Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEver-increasing diversity of drug-induced pancreatitisDrug induced pancreatitis: A systematic review of case reports to determine potential drug associationsDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: An Evidence-Based ReviewNewer cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of acute pancreatitisThe Adverse Drug Reaction in the Gastrointestinal Tract: An OverviewDrug-Associated Acute Pancreatitis: Twenty-One Years of Spontaneous Reporting in The NetherlandsSulindac-associated hepatic injury: Analysis of 91 cases reported to the food and drug administrationDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis4 Drug-induced pancreatitisAcute cholangitis and pancreatitis associated with sulindac (clinoril)Rare adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsPiroxicam and PancreatitisOSWALD L. HAYE, M.D.Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsDrug-induced pancreatitis presenting as subcutaneous fat necrosisAseptic necrosis of the talus and calcaneal insufficiency fractures in a patient with pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, and arthritisAnti-inflammatory analgesics and drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis and gout 1 December 1980Volume 93, Issue 6Page: 932-933KeywordsAbdominal painAcute pancreatitisLower back painNauseaPancreatitisVomiting Issue Published: 1 December 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
P40 THE ACTION OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (NAC) ON GASTRIC DAMAGE IN PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS
Authors: N.P. Marroni, F. Licks, C. Marques, R. Minuzzo, C.A. Fischer, J. Reyes, J. da Silva, C.A. Marroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Giant cell arteritis and thyroid dysfunction: multicentre case-control study
Authors: P. Duhaut, H. Bornet, L. Pinede, S. Demolombe-Rague, R. Loire, D. Seydoux, J. Ninet, J. Pasquier
Journal: BMJ (1999)

uterotonic drugs compared with 43.1 among those not exposed.From a multiple linear regression with all above mentioned confounders included we estimated the difference in Boerge Prien score to be -0.58(95% confidence interval -1.25 to 0.08) between those exposed and not exposed to uterotonic drugs. CommentFriedman et al examined 156 children 23 to 62 months after births associated with spontaneous labour, labour induced with oxytocin, or labour induced with dinoprostone.The prevalence of neurological or developmental abnormalities not attributable to events after delivery was the same overall in induced and spontaneous labours, but those abnormalities occurring after induction of labour all followed use of oxytocin. 5 Our data indicate that exposure to uterotonic drugs does not substantially affect cognitive function 20 years later.A small difference due to non-differential misclassification, however, cannot be ruled out.A strength of our study is the large size, the population based design, and complete ascertainment.It is unlikely that selection bias and confounding explain the lack of association.
Impaired Hippocampal Ripple-Associated Replay in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Junghyup Suh, David J. Foster, Heydar Davoudi, Matthew A. Wilson, Susumu Tonegawa
Journal: Neuron (2013)

The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia presumably result from impairments of information processing in neural circuits. We recorded neural activity in the hippocampus of freely behaving mice that had a forebrain-specific knockout of the synaptic plasticity-mediating phosphatase calcineurin and were previously shown to exhibit behavioral and cognitive abnormalities, recapitulating the symptoms of schizophrenia. Calcineurin knockout (KO) mice exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in the abundance of sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events during awake resting periods and single units in KO were overactive during SWR events. Pairwise measures of unit activity, however, revealed that the sequential reactivation of place cells during SWR events was completely abolished in KO. Since this relationship during postexperience awake rest periods has been implicated in learning, working memory, and subsequent memory consolidation, our findings provide a mechanism underlying impaired information processing that may contribute to the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
Trends in long‐term mechanical circulatory support for advanced heart failure in the UK
Authors: Akan Emin, Chris A. Rogers, Jayan Parameshwar, Guy MacGowan, Rhiannon Taylor, Nizar Yonan, Andre Simon, Steven Tsui, Stephan Schueler, Nicholas R. Banner, Nicholas Banner, Peter Braidley, Mike Burch, Stephen Clark, Dave Collett, David Cromwell, Kate Haire, Jorge Mascaro, Jayan Parameshwar, Mark Petrie, Andre Simon, Steven Tsui, Nizar Yonan, Ms Katherine Collins, Saleem Haj‐Yahia, Guy MacGowan, Steven Shaw, Stephan Schueler, John Townsend, Rajamiyer Venkateswaran, Ian Wilson, Mike Winter, Nizar Yonan
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships to examine estrogen receptor binding affinities of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls.
Authors: C L Waller, D L Minor, J D McKinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Certain phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals, apparently in association with their estrogenic properties. Competition with natural estrogens for the estrogen receptor is a possible mechanism by which such effects could occur. We used comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) paradigm, to examine the underlying structural properties of ortho-chlorinated hydroxybiphenyl analogs known to bind to the estrogen receptor. The cross-validated and conventional statistical results indicate a high degree of internal predictability for the molecules included in the training data set. In addition to the phenolic (A) ring system, conformational restriction of the overall structure appears to play an important role in estrogen receptor binding affinity. Hydrophobic character as assessed using hydropathic interaction fields also contributes in a positive way to binding affinity. The CoMFA-derived QSARs may be useful in examining the estrogenic activity of a wider range of phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern.