tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT OF A SAMPLE OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: NYLA J. COLE, DAVID L. BREWER, C. H. HARDIN BRANCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The longitudinal patterns of work performance of a sample of 108 male schizophrenic patients hospitalized during the years 1957 through 1959 have been described. Before the first admission, the general vocational performance can be characterized as comparable to the U. S. population as a whole. After the first hospitalization, excluding the time lost to further admissions, this group maintained a working status 65% of the time while discharged within the community. In the 6 months prior to the key admission, 62% of the sample had been working, 38% were unemployed. At follow-up, an average of 3 years later, the working group had dropped to 43%. The total earnings, total working hours, and vocational status per se likewise followed a downward trend. In order of significance, cumulative hospitalization time, marital status, intergenerational vocational mobility, occupation, education, and intergenerational educational mobility were related to current employment status. Adjudged age of onset of illness, age at first admission, total number of admissions, and the education or occupation of the father were not related to employment at follow-up.
Abstract 3040: Forced astroglial differentiation depletes glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Raffaella Spina, Dillon M. Voss, Andrew E. Sloan, Eli E. Bar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma are among the least curable cancers in man, at least in part because of stem-like cellular subpopulations (herein referred to as glioma stem cells, GSC) refractory to current therapies. The cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that tumor cells are organized in a pyramidal unidirectional differentiation cascade with GSC at the top and functionally defined by the ability to self-renew and initiate tumors identical to the original tumors from which they are derived. GSCs are maintained by both cell intrinsic and microenvironmental factors and conditions. In this study we focused on identifying potential small molecules which may target tumor heterogeneity by promoting differentiation of GSC into less aggressive, more differentiated subpopulations. To this end, we have developed reporter models for astroglial and neuronal differentiation in HSR-GBM1, HSR040622 and HSR040821 tumor-derived, GSC-enriched, neurospheres lines, using lineage-specific reporter constructs. We employed these reporter lines to screen a library of over 600 bioactive small molecules for potential inducers of GSC differentiation. We identified several molecules which significantly induce astroglial differentiation in multiple GSC-enriched lines. We focus in this report on one of these inhibitors (AD1 = Astroglial Differentiation-1) which induces astroglial differentiation by over 20 to 30-fold as compared with DMSO control. In addition, AD1 treatment resulted in a 40-60% reduction in cell growth in HSR-GBM1, 60% in HSR040622, and 40% reduction in HSR040821, as determined by direct cell counting. As differentiation should result in reduced self-renewal capacity, we next determined the effect of AD1 on sphere formation using the extreme limited dilution assay (ELDA). We found that AD1 significantly reduced clonogenic capacity of HSR-GBM1 reporter line by over 90%. These data strongly suggest that AD1-induced astroglial differentiation may be the cause for the reduced clonogenic capacity. We are currently determining the plasticity of the system in term of reversal of the differentiation state in vitro and in vivo. Our results support the therapeutic value of a drug-induced differentiation and define how differentiation affects the GSC compartment in glioma. Citation Format: Raffaella Spina, Dillon M. Voss, Andrew E. Sloan, Eli E. Bar. Forced astroglial differentiation depletes glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3040. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3040
Successful Treatment of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Combination of Chemotherapy and it Followed by ASCT
Authors: J. Makiyama, Y. Imaizumi, H. Itonaga, J. Taguchi, M. Matsuo, D. Niino, H. Tsushima, T. Hata, K. Ohshima, Y. Miyazaki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The <i>SOCS‐1</i> gene methylation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Ozden Hatirnaz, Umit Ure, Cem Ar, Cemaliye Akyerli, Teoman Soysal, Burhan Ferhanoğlu, Tayfun Özçelik, Ugur Ozbek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract SOCS‐1, an important protein in the JAK/STAT pathway, has a role in the down stream of BCR‐ABL protein kinase. We investigated 56 CML patients and 16 controls for the methylation status of SOCS‐1 gene promoter and Exon 2 regions. Exon 2 was found to be methylated in 58.9% of the patients and 93.8% of the controls [ P = 0.020, OR = 0.121(0.015–0.957)%95CI]. The promoter region was found unmethylated in all patient samples and controls. Although previous studies revealed a relation between SOCS1 gene Exon‐2 hypermethylation and CML development or progression, the results of this study showed no such correlation. On the contrary, our results might be indicating hypomethylation in CML patients, this hypothesis need to be studied in larger study population. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING (XIENCE V) STENTS VERSUS SIROLIMUS-ELUTING (CYPHER) STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Robert A. Byrne, Julinda Mehilli, Klaus Tiroch, Stefanie Schulz, Jürgen Pache, Heidrun Holle, Steffen Massberg, Melchior Seyfarth, Katrin A. Birkmeier, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Albert Schö;mig, Adnan Kastrati, Deutsches Herzzentrum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The radial intercepts method for measuring bronchial mucous gland volume.
Authors: A F Alli
Journal: Thorax (1975)

A new linear method, the radial intercepts method, has been introduced for quantitating the components of the bronchial wall. The method is an adaptation of Rosiwal's (1898) original linear measurement technique, but unlike Rosiwal's the radial intercepts method takes measurements along radii at regular sectoral intervals. The method is reproducible and, from its high correlation with the standard planimetric, cut-weigh, and point-count techniques for quantifying bronchial wall components (Bedrossian, Anderson and Foraker, 1971), it is concluded that the method is reliable.
Biological Response Determinants in HSV-tk + Ganciclovir Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gustavo Ayala, Takefumi Satoh, Rile Li, Moshe Shalev, Yehoshua Gdor, Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova, Anna Frolov, Thomas M. Wheeler, Brian J. Miles, Kate Rauen, Bin S. Teh, E. Brian Butler, Timothy C. Thompson, Dov Kadmon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The limitations of current forms of prostate cancer therapy have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Previously we showed cytopathic effect related to HSV-tk in prostate cancer. In this study we present initial results of a neoadjuvant HSV-tk gene therapy trial and address some of the potential mechanistic aspects of its effect in human tissues. We enrolled 23 men with clinically localized prostate cancer but high risk for recurrence in this Phase I–II trial. Intraprostatic viral injections (one to four) were followed by 2 weeks of ganciclovir and prostatectomy 2–4 weeks later. Toxicity was modest. Surgical specimens were embedded fully and whole-mount slides were imaged and analyzed for areas of cytopathic effect. The larger the tumor the greater the cytopathic effect. The effect also seems to be related to areas of high CAR expression. However, the number of injection sites did not influence effect. Local (CD8+ cells and macrophages) and systemic immune response (CD8+ and activated CD8+, IL-12) was increased in patients treated with HSV-tk. Increased apoptosis and decreased microvessel density were also noted in these patients. The results suggest a tumor-specific effect mediated by systemic and local immune response, antiangiogenic effect, and modulation of apoptosis.
628 The role of regulatory T cells in HCV persistence
Authors: F IKEDA, K SUGIMOTO, D KAPLAN, J STADANLICK, M VALIGA, J DING, K CHANG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Immunotherapies have changed the treatment strategy of some types of tumor including melanoma and, more recently, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoints are crucial for the maintenance of self-tolerance and it is known that some tumors use checkpoint systems to evade antitumor immune response. The treatment of advanced NSCLC by immune-checkpoint blockade targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1/PDL1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) pathways has led to significant clinical benefit either as monotherapy or in combination therapy. Moreover, checkpoint receptors such as lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (TIM3) and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are also being investigated as potential immunotherapeutic targets. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action of the main checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer and presents the most relevant results from preclinical and clinical studies on immune-based treatments.
Effect of aspirin and indomethacin on exercise-induced changes in blood pressure and limb blood flow in normal volunteers
Authors: A J COWLEY, K STAINER, J M ROWLEY, R G WILCOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Effect of aspirin and indomethacin on exercise-induced changes in blood pressure and limb blood flow in normal volunteers Get access A J COWLEY, A J COWLEY From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Address for correspondence and reprint requests: A J Cowley, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K STAINER, K STAINER From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J M ROWLEY, J M ROWLEY From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R G WILCOX R G WILCOX From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 3, March 1985, Pages 177–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.3.177 Published: 01 March 1985
Effect Of Prenatal Exposure To Indoor PM2.5 and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Affecting Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Was Modified By ROS Genes: Cocoa Study
Authors: Song I. Yang, Eun Lee, Young Ho Jung, Kil-Yong Choi, Mi-Jin Kang, Ho-Sung Yu, Cheol Min Lee, Youn Ho Shin, Kangmo Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Consent to cancer registration---an unnecessary burden
Authors: I C M Paterson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Imagine this scenario. Mrs “I-Could-Be-Anybody” enters the consulting room with husband and daughter in tow. Consultant, looking and feeling uncomfortable, says: “Unfortunately, the biopsy report confirms our suspicions and fears that you have a cancer in the throat. The best treatment for this will be what we call a pharyngolaryngectomy, which means taking out part of the gullet and all of the voice box, and filling the defect with a length of your small bowel. We will also take out the lymph nodes from one side of your neck, and we might have to follow this up with radiotherapy over six to seven weeks. You won't be able to speak properly again, and you may have to have a machine to hold against your neck so that you can have a voice like a Dalek with which to communicate. Your swallowing won't be particularly easy either. I regret to say that your chances of surviving the operation and the cancer are probably no more than 20% …
What is to be done with the XYY fetus?
Authors: S G Ratcliffe, D G Axworthy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

cation of prostaglandin E2 in various vehicles.Our own work involving over 500 patients who had a single insertion of 4 mg or 5 mg of PGE2 tablets (Prostin, Upjohn Limited) vaginally showed that about 70O0 of patients went into labour without any other intervention.'These results, like those reported recently by Mr J H Shepherd and others (14 July, p 108), are not ideal and can be improved on by seeking the optimum dose regimen, as well as the best vehicle for release of PGE2 from the many available.Until these points are established it is too soon to claim that we have the best alternative to intravenous oxitocin.
Gleason Grade Progression Is Uncommon
Authors: Kathryn L. Penney, Meir J. Stampfer, Jaquelyn L. Jahn, Jennifer A. Sinnott, Richard Flavin, Jennifer R. Rider, Stephen Finn, Edward Giovannucci, Howard D. Sesso, Massimo Loda, Lorelei A. Mucci, Michelangelo Fiorentino
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Gleason grade is universally used for pathologic scoring of the differentiation of prostate cancer. However, it is unknown whether prostate tumors arise well differentiated and then progress to less differentiated forms or if Gleason grade is an early and largely unchanging feature. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has reduced the proportion of tumors diagnosed at advanced stage, which allows assessment of this question on a population level. If Gleason grade progresses as stage does, one would expect a similar reduction in high-grade tumors. We studied 1,207 Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study participants diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1982 to 2004 and treated with prostatectomy. We compared the distribution of grade and clinical stage across the pre-PSA and PSA screening eras. We re-reviewed grade using the ISUP 2005 revised criteria. The proportion of advanced stage tumors dropped more than six-fold, from the earliest period (12/1982–1/1993), 19.9% stage ≥T3, to the latest (5/2000–12/2004), 3% stage T3, none T4. The proportion of Gleason score ≥8 decreased substantially less, from 25.3% to 17.6%. A significant interaction between stage and diagnosis date predicting grade (P = 0.04) suggests that the relationship between grade and stage varies by time period. As the dramatic shift in stage since the introduction of PSA screening was accompanied by a more modest shift in Gleason grade, these findings suggest that grade may be established early in tumor pathogenesis. This has implications for the understanding of tumor progression and prognosis, and may help patients diagnosed with lower grade disease feel more comfortable choosing active surveillance. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5163–8. ©2013 AACR.
Evidence for the ambiguity of the term constipation: the role of irritable bowel syndrome.
Authors: C S Probert, P M Emmett, H A Cripps, K W Heaton
Journal: Gut (1994)

A satisfactory definition of constipation is elusive. An important and measurable element is slow colonic transit. Whole gut transit time, a proxy for colonic transit time, can be estimated from self recorded data on stool form and frequency. Our aim was to compare whole gut transit time with subjective definitions in the context of the general population. In a community based sample of 731 women aged 25-69 years the estimated whole gut transit time was compared with two subjective assessments of constipation-the woman9s own perception and a symptom based definition proposed by an international working team (Rome definition). We have defined slow whole gut transit time as &gt; 2 SD above the mean in women who seldom passed lumpy stools (that is, &gt; 92 hours). Slow transit was present in 9.3% of the sample. Similar numbers met the subjective definitions (8.5% and 8.2%). However, the overlap between the three definitions was poor. Of 68 women with estimated slow transit, 28 had self perceived constipation, 20 had Rome defined constipation, and only 11 had both. Of subjects classified as constipated by the subjective definitions only 37% had slow transit; they had a high prevalence of irritable bowel symptoms. In conclusion, this study showed that the term constipation is ambiguous and often misleading and that attempts to base a definition on symptoms are misguided. In epidemiological studies, conclusions about the prevalence of constipation should be based on records of stool type and timing.
Calpains, mitochondria, and apoptosis
Authors: M. A. Smith, R. G. Schnellmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Mitochondrial activity is critical for efficient function of the cardiovascular system. In response to cardiovascular injury, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs and can lead to apoptosis and necrosis. Calpains are a 15-member family of Ca(2+)-activated cysteine proteases localized to the cytosol and mitochondria, and several have been shown to regulate apoptosis and necrosis. For example, in endothelial cells, Ca(2+) overload causes mitochondrial calpain 1 cleavage of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger leading to mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation. Also, activated calpain 1 cleaves Bid, inducing cytochrome c release and apoptosis. In renal cells, calpains 1 and 2 promote apoptosis and necrosis by cleaving cytoskeletal proteins, which increases plasma membrane permeability and cleavage of caspases. Calpain 10 cleaves electron transport chain proteins, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration and excessive activation, or inhibition of calpain 10 activity induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. In cardiomyocytes, calpain 1 activates caspase 3 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase during tumour necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis, and calpain 1 cleaves apoptosis-inducing factor after Ca(2+) overload. Many of these observations have been elucidated with calpain inhibitors, but most calpain inhibitors are not specific for calpains or a specific calpain family member, creating more questions. The following review will discuss how calpains affect mitochondrial function and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system.
SOME EFFECTS OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON RENAL HEMODYNAMICS AND ON TUBULAR PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT IN MAN*
Authors: Jacques Corvilain, Maurice Abramow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

It has been repeatedly shown that human growth hormone (HGH) affects phosphorus metabolism in patients with hypopituitarism and in normal subjects. Injection of HGH leads to a decrease of urinary phosphorus within a day (1-3). Whereas serum phosphorus does not change or rises only slightly in short-term experiments (1), it has been reported that it rises with long-term treatment (4). Whereas the decrease of urinary phosphorus associated with an unchanged or rising serum phosphorus suggests that growth hormone decreases renal clearance of phosphate, the mechanism for these effects has not been defined. In the dog, growth hormone has been shown to raise glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), tubular maximal secretion of para-aminohippurate (TmPAH) (5-7), and tubular maximal reabsorption of sulfate (Tmso4) (8). Effects on renal phosphate clearance have not been reported. The present study was undertaken to determine whether HGH affects the ability of the human kidney to reabsorb phosphate. For this purpose, maximum tubular phosphate reabsorption (Tmpo4) was measured before and after administration of growth hormone. Effects of the hormone on GFR and on RPF were also studied. The results indicate that HGH increases the phosphate Tm, the GFR, and the RPF.
Quinoline Derivatives in Dermatology
Authors: P. Hall-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1964)

1~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL uterine haemorrhage in several instances of chorioncarcinoma.Toxic effects with this form of treatment are usually slight or absent, and it lacks the finality of hysterectomy on the patient's child-bearing capacity.The risks and unpleasantness of systemic chemotherapy are not to be underestimated, but when it offers a substantial expectation of cure and of further normal pregnancies it would be unfortunate if serious delays in its application result from any impression that it is a fate wores than death.-Iam, etc.,
Neurofibromatosis: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Vincent M. Riccardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Ten years ago, the Journal published my review of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis,1 now aptly called neurofibromatosis 1. In that article, I emphasized a previously arcane feature of the disorder, for which a new term was coined: "Lisch nodule." When I met Professor Lisch, who had pointed out the association of the nodules with neurofibromatosis in 1937,2 for the first time in May 1990, he startled me with his gratitude both for the term's having been used in the first place and for its having immediately secured a place in the modern medical lexicon. Neither Richard Lewis3 nor I realized when . . .
Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) at a tertiary endoscopic unit
Authors: S. Gupta, M.-H. Lee, A. Murino, S. Thomas-Gibson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> One of the biggest advantages of colonoscopy is the detection or prevention of early colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is associated with a varying risk of missing CRC (2–6%). PCCRC may be due to missed pathology (poor technique, incomplete colonoscopy, inadequate bowel preparation, flat lesions) at prior colonoscopy, previous incomplete polypectomy or rapid growth (interval cancers). PCCRC is associated with female gender, advancing age, right-sided lesions and a history of diverticular disease. <h3>Methods</h3> To assess the rate of PCCRC at a single tertiary endoscopy centre. All CRC related data were collected prospectively and stored in the centre9s CRC database. Only those patients who had a colonoscopy at this centre were included in the study. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients diagnosed with CRC between October 2008 and October 2010 who had undergone a ‘negative’ colonoscopy within three years of their diagnosis. Data regarding age, sex, site and tumour morphology were collected and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 578 patients were diagnosed with CRC in the time-frame analysed. Of these, 16 (2.7%) had a ‘negative’ colonoscopy within three years of diagnosis (12.1 months (1–33)). 10/16 (62.5%) were female. Mean age at diagnosis was 63.2 years (37–89). 50% (8/16) were right colonic lesions. In 3/16 (18.7%) cases, the colonoscopy was incomplete either due to severe diverticular disease (n=2) or poor bowel preparation (n=1). In all three cases (elderly females with right-sided CRCs) appropriate urgent follow-up investigations were arranged by the endoscopist. One PCCRC was found at the site of a previous polypectomy. In a further three cases, abnormal areas were identified but the actual CRC, missed. However, appropriate follow up was organised in these cases. Four PCCRCs were found in diverticular segments and one was a flat lesion. 4/16 (25%) PCCRCs were genuinely missed at previous colonoscopy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that the postcolonoscopy CRC rate at this centre was comparable to that reported in other published literature and highlights the risk factors for PCCRC.