tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prothrombin Antigen and Coagulant Activity in Patients With Liver Disease
Authors: James J. Corrigan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Plasma levels of prothrombin immunoreactive protein (factor II antigen) (II-Ag) and coagulant activity (II-CA) were determined in eight patients with acute hepatitis and in 29 patients with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). The II-CA was reduced in 23 (62%), II-Ag in 17 (46%), and both were reduced in 13 (36%) of the cases. A disproportionate reduction was noted in 21 (57%); ie, there was more II-Ag found in comparison to the corresponding level of II-CA. Ninety-six percent (23) of 24 patients with moderate to severe hepatocellular disease showed reduced II-CA levels; 63% (15) showed reduced II-Ag levels, with a disproportionate reduction in II-CA in 67% (16). These data suggest that reduced synthesis as well as impaired carboxylation of prothrombin precursor protein are factors contributing to the coagulopathy in patients with moderate to severe liver disease and that measurement of circulating levels of II-Ag may provide an excellent indication of hepatic synthetic capacity. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1736-1739)
"PROBLEMS IN THE CONTROL OF DIPHTHERIA"
Authors: Lyman Asa Jones
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note inThe Journal, Dec. 22, 1923, page 2073, in Dr. Hayne's article, the statement that "South Carolina in 1910 was the first state to furnish diphtheria antitoxin free to its citizens, black and white." Massachusetts began the manufacture and distribution of diphtheria antitoxin in 1895, supplying 30,000 c.c. in the year ending March 31, 1896.
Pain Intensity and Blood Pressure Reactions During a Cold Pressor Test in IDDM Patients
Authors: Dieter Luft, Andreas Lay, Norbert Benda, Christine Kort, Valerie Hofmann, Hedwig Hardin, Walter Renn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of altered pain perception to the impaired blood pressure reactions during a cold pressor test in diabetic patients. Reduced blood pressure increases have been observed in diabetic patients during a cold pressor test and have been attributed to an impaired efferent sympathetic function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated pain intensities and blood pressure reactions simultaneously during a cold pressor test in 30 IDDM patients (diabetes duration 12 ± 6 years, HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.4%) and in 30 normal control subjects with comparable sex distribution, age, height, BMI, physical fitness, and smoking habits. RESULTS Initial pain intensities and respective time courses did not differ between the two groups. The initial blood pressure response was significantly smaller in diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.002). Correlations of diastolic blood pressure increases in diabetic patients with initial pain intensity, standard cardiovascular reflex tests, age, clock time, smoking habits, disease duration, and actual blood glucose concentrations did not reach statistical significance. Pain intensity and diastolic blood pressure increases, however, were correlated to HbA1c concentrations in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Impaired pain perception is not the cause of the impaired reactions of blood pressure in diabetic patients during the cold pressor test, leaving very early deterioration of either cerebral processing of pain stimuli, cardiac function, efferent sympathetic nerves, or decreased vascular reactivity as possible explanations.
Tc-99 HMPAO Labeled Leukocyte Imaging in a Renal Transplant in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Carlos Ramos-Font, Mar??a del Carmen P??rez Varo, Estefan??a Moreno Ortega, Juan Antonio Vallejo Casas, Miguel Torres Avisbal, Jos?? Mar??a Latre Romero
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 46-year-old female with ulcerative colitis was studied with Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte imaging to establish the presence of inflammatory activity. She had a kidney transplantation because of terminal renal chronic failure in 1994. A renal function study was performed with 3 mCi of Tc-99m MAG3, and it was compared with a previous study performed three years earlier.
Atypical Generalized Zoster with Lymphadenitis Mimicking Lymphoma
Authors: Susan D. Patterson, Eric B. Larson, Lawrence Corey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

"Decrudescent varicella zoster infection can result in either a localized dermatomic or disseminated disease.1 2 3 When disseminated zoster occurs, localized dermatomic eruption usually precedes the clinical evidence of dissemination.4 5 6 In "atypical generalized zoster" the initial presentation of disease consists of widely spaced, discrete vesicular lesions.2 , 3 We recently studied a case of atypical generalized zoster in a young woman who had a prostrating febrile illness with marked lymphadenopathy, initially thought to be lymphoma. However, varicella zoster virus was demonstrated in the lymph node by means of electron microscopy and specific immunofluorescence 2 1/2 weeks before skin lesions appeared. This report describes our . . .
A chromosome 17:7 translocation is associated with a hepatitis B virus DNA integration in human hepatocellular carcinoma DNA
Authors: Markus Meyer, Klaus Hermann Wiedorn, Peter Hans Hofschneider, Rajen Koshy, Wolfgang Helmut Caselmann
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is often associated with major structural rearrangements of both the integrated viral DNA and the associated cellular sequences. We present here the structure of a single–copy hepatitis B virus insert cloned from human hepatocellular carcinoma DNA recently reported to encode a novel transcriptional trans –activator function. The hepatitis B virus portion of the clone consists of two colinear fragments covering the X gene with its promoter and enhancer (nucleotides 717 to 1796) and a 3′ truncated pre–S/S gene (nucleotides 2703 to 423). The lack of the entire pre–C/C gene caused a fusion of the 3′ end of the X gene with sequences upstream from the pre–S gene. The structure of the integrated viral DNA fragments suggests insertion of hepatitis B virus replication intermediates into cellular DNA and subsequent recombination between these primary integrations to generate the final structure of the clone. The 5′ and 3′ cellular flanking sequences mapped to the centromeric α–satellite DNA of chromosome 17 and to the short arm of chromosome 7 (p 14–pter), respectively, indicating that chromosomal translocation was associated with the hepatitis B virus DNA integration. Because this is the fourth case reported in which hepatitis B virus–associated rearrangements have affected chromosome 17, it is conceivable that a loss of important cellular genes (such as the p53 antioncogene on chromosome 17) may be a crucial step in hepatitis B virus–related hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 1992;15:665-671).
Slugs and snails and puppy dog tails
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fancy making a battery? You will need (a) 10 two-pence pieces; (b) kitchen foil; (c) blotting paper; (d) two pieces of copper wire (taken from any electric wire or flex); (e) malt vinegar; (f) salt; (g) bowl; (h) light emitting diode (available from hardware and model shops); (i) masking tape. Mix vinegar and salt together in the bowl. Soak blotting paper. Stack alternate layers of coin/paper/foil. Attach copper wire to each end of the stack with masking tape. Fix other ends …
Road traffic and adverse effects on respiratory health in children.
Authors: M Wjst, P Reitmeir, S Dold, A Wulff, T Nicolai, E F von Loeffelholz-Colberg, E von Mutius
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To examine whether road traffic in a big city has a direct effect on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in children. DESIGN--Cross sectional study. SETTING--Of all 7445 fourth grade children (aged 9-11 years) in Munich, 6537 were examined. Of the children with German nationality and the same residence during the past five years and known exposure data, 4678 questionnaires and 4320 pulmonary function tests could be analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Variables of pulmonary function by forced expiration and respiratory symptoms reported in a questionnaire; census data on car traffic collected in the school district. RESULTS--Density of car traffic ranged from 7000 to 125,000 cars per 24 hours. Multiple regression analysis of peak expiratory flow showed a significant decrease of 0.71% (95% confidence interval 1.08% to 0.33%) per increase of 25,000 cars daily passing through the school district on the main road. Maximum expiratory flow when 25% vital capacity had been expired was decreased by 0.68% (1.11% to 0.25%). In contrast, response to cold air challenge was not increased. The adjusted odds ratio for the cumulative prevalence of recurrent wheezing with the same exposure was 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16). Cumulative prevalence of recurrent dyspnoea was increased, with an odds ratio of 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20). Lifetime prevalence of asthma (odds ratio 1.04; 0.89 to 1.21) and recurrent bronchitis (1.05; 0.98 to 1.12) were not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS--High rates of road traffic diminish forced expiratory flow and increase respiratory symptoms in children.
The Distinction Between Cost and Charges
Authors: STEVEN A. FINKLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The literature on economic efficiency in providing hospital services has been growing recently. Often such literature examines the costs of providing services at varying volumes of treatments per location per year. However, instead of measuring cost directly, these studies use patient bills (charges) as a proxy for cost. Charges may bear little resemblance to economic cost, and use of charges as a proxy for economic cost may lead researchers to draw unwarranted conclusions about economic efficiency. Because of the differences between economic cost, accounting cost, and charges to the patient, actual resource consumption should be used as a measure of cost.
Gadolinium and systemic fibrosis: guilt by association
Authors: Jonathan Kay, László Czirják
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF, originally called ‘nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy’) is a painful and debilitating fibrosing disorder that was first identified in 1997 in several patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or permanently requiring dialysis) who had undergone renal transplantation at Sharp Memorial Hospital in San Diego, California.1 It typically manifests with skin tightening, tethering and hyperpigmentation on the trunk and on the extremities, progressing from distal to proximal, and often results in fixed flexion contractures of the fingers, elbows, knees and ankles. More recently, extensive systemic involvement has been identified including fibrosis of lymph nodes, thyroid, oesophagus, heart, lungs, liver, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, genitourinary tract and dura mater.2 3 The presence of skin changes of NSF has been associated with a nearly threefold increased risk of death within 24 months.4

On skin biopsy, the dermis is hypercellular with increased numbers of dermal fibroblasts.5 6 Thickened collagen bundles aligned with intact elastic fibres extend from the superficial dermis through the subcutis along interlobular septa.6 Interstitial mucin deposition is increased. CD34 fibrocytes, presumably originating from the circulation, and occasional cells of monocyte–macrophage lineage that stain for factor XIIIa and CD68 may be present in the dermis. When deeper tissue is sampled, fibrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia can also be observed.7 However, unlike scleroderma or scleromyxoedema, there is little or no inflammatory infiltrate in the skin of patients with NSF. Although the skin changes and joint contractures of NSF may resemble those of chronic graft-versus-host disease, NSF occurs in the absence of recent allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation; on skin biopsy, increased interstitial mucin and CD34 fibrocytes in the dermis typically differentiate NSF from chronic graft-versus-host disease.8

In 2006, Grobner reported that five of nine patients receiving …
Corrigendum to “The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of [60]fullerene” [Biomaterials 33 (2012) 4936–4946]
Authors: Tarek Baati, Fanchon Bourasset, Najla Gharbi, Leila Njim, Manef Abderrabba, Abdelhamid Kerkeni, Henri Szwarc, Fathi Moussa
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Primary cutaneous CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: S A A Shah, A D Ormerod, A Husain, P Kohle, D Culligan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous CD30 (Ki‐1)‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with renal cell carcinoma Get access S A A Shah, S A A Shah Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A D Ormerod, A D Ormerod Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Husain, A Husain Histopathology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P Kohle, P Kohle Plastic Surgery, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Culligan D Culligan Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 971–972, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02843.x Published: 01 May 1999
Usefulness of intravascular ultrasound in differentiating thrombosed aortic dissection from aortic aneurysm with mural thrombus
Authors: Yasuhiro Honda, Junichi Yoshikawa, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Takashi Akasaka, Takeshi Hozumi, Tsutomu Takagi, Hiroyuki Okura, Atsushi Yamamuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
TCTAP A-074 Development of a Fenestrated Window Shape Aortic Arch Stent Graft with a Preloaded Catheter for Protecting Branch Arteries: An Experimental Study in Swine
Authors: Han Cheol Lee, In Sub Han, Hye Won Lee, Jun-Hyok Oh, Kwang Soo Cha, Taeg Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatic Failure
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Relation of Abnormalities in Ammonia Metabolism to Hepatic Coma — Possible Importance or Other FactorsIt may be said in summary that abnormalities in the metabolism of ammonia have been established as important factors in the etiology of coma resulting from hepatic failure. The existence of other as yet undefined factors seems equally certain. It may be wise to divide coma into two groups, as suggested by McDermott27: exogenous, or that resulting from the administration of protein products, or from gastrointestinal hemorrhage; and endogenous, or that occurring spontaneously, without such a clear-cut relation to an elevation in the blood . . .
Differences in norepinephrine activation and diltiazem inhibition of calcium channels in isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric resistance vessels.
Authors: C Cauvin, S Lukeman, J Cameron, O Hwang, C van Breemen
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The mechanisms of norepinephrine stimulation of calcium ion entry in isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric resistance vessels were studied through measurements of effects on calcium-45 influx, tension, and membrane potential. The resistance vessels were considerably less sensitive to norepinephrine than the aorta. The aorta exhibited complex dose-response curves for norepinephrine-stimulated calcium influx and contraction, whereas these were simple in the arterioles. Both vessels were depolarized with increasing concentrations of potassium. Norepinephrine did not depolarize the aorta, whereas it did depolarize the mesenteric resistance vessels. This result supports the contention that norepinephrine opens receptor-operated channels to induce calcium entry in the aorta, while it may activate potential sensitive calcium channels in the mesenteric resistance vessels. However, the maximum depolarization with norepinephrine (10(-4) M) in the arterioles was completely blocked by 10(-5) M diltiazem, whereas that induced by 80 mM potassium was unaltered by the diltiazem. Furthermore, 10(-4) M norepinephrine was able to stimulate virtually the same contraction and calcium influx in 80 mM potassium-depolarized arterioles as in normal polarized tissues. These results are consistent with norepinephrine opening of receptor-operated channels to allow calcium entry in the rabbit mesenteric resistance vessels. That the behavior of norepinephrine-activated channels in the aorta is more complex than in the arterioles is further illustrated by a dramatically decreasing sensitivity of norepinephrine-stimulated calcium influx to diltiazem with increasing norepinephrine in the aorta but not in the arterioles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Group Approach to the Management of Diabetes in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Elizabeth Warren-Boulton, Barbara J Anderson, Nancy L Schwartz, Andrew J Drexler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

An interdisciplinary team of health professionals developed a model treatment program to improve adherence, self-management, and metabolic control for five inner city, black, young adult, diabetic women. Following an initial in-hospital evaluation, the staff met with the patients as a group once a month for 18 mo. The professional approach was supportive and nonjudgmental to assist the group members in developing confidence and assuming responsibility for the successful management of their diabetes. Discussions covered the group's educational needs, insulin requirements, and psychosocial problems of adjusting to living with a chronic disease. Analysis of clinical findings showed a significant improvement in plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol levels.
Advice to parents has limited effect—where next?
Authors: Paul Little
Journal: BMJ (2004)

This study shows nicely that it may be possible to train doctors to inform mothers regarding danger signs, but that about half of mothers do not recall the information—and of those who recall the advice, many do not seem to act on it.1

Why do patients not follow doctors' advice? Several factors are likely to be operating. Advice from a health professional comes in the context of …
NEJM editor gives pretrial evidence in Vioxx case
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Lung histopathology shows features of acute and organising diffuse alveolar damage. Subtle cellular inflammatory infiltrate has been found in line with the cytokine storm theory. Medium-size vessel thrombi were frequent, but capillary thrombi were not present. Despite the elevation of biochemical markers of cardiac injury, little histopathological damage could be confirmed. Viral RNA from paraffin sections was detected at least in one organ in 90% patients.
Coincident acute myelogenous leukemia and ischemic heart disease: Use of the cardioprotectant dexrazoxane during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Timothy J. Woodlock, Robin Lifton, Michael DiSalle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia is challenging in the setting of ischemic heart disease because anthracycline and anthracenedione drugs used in induction chemotherapy may potentiate myocardial dysfunction. We have managed two patients with coincident acute myelogenous leukemia and ischemic heart disease with the cardioprotectant drug dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), administered before each dose of mitoxantrone or idarubicin. Both patients tolerated their induction chemotherapy, developed marrow hypoplasia from chemotherapy, and achieved clinical remission. Dexrazoxane may have a role as a cardioprotectant in the treatment of select patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 59:246–248, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Human cutaneous mast cells–a study of fixative and staining reactions in normal skin
Authors: A.C. MARKEY, LINDA J. CHURCHILL, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Routinely used formal saline fixation reduces the number of demonstrable mast cells in human skin by up to 30% compared with paired specimens fixed in Carnoys medium. Using metachromatic (toluidene blue), orthochromatic (alcian blue/safranin), enzymatic (chloroacetate esterase reaction) and immunofluorescence (berberine and fluorescein conjugated avidin) staining techniques, mast cells were demonstrated and quantified. Alcian blue/safranin and fluorescein-conjugated avidin were both superior to the other staining methods used. We recommend the use of Carnoys medium fixed tissue stained with either alcian blue/safranin or conjugated avidin for optimal visualization and assessment of mast cells in human skin.
Psychiatric Status After Hysterectomy
Authors: Cassandra B. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  In reference to Psychiatric Status After Hysterectomy by Martin et al (1980;244:350), all research should consider alternative hypotheses to explain differences found. May I suggest that patients scheduled for any major surgery within 72 hours have elevated anxiety levels that have realistic origins and are not caused by their uteri. This study could avoid this criticism by giving the psychiatric evaluations to patients scheduled for comparable major surgery and vasectomies to establish the importance of these variables.
IgE level and Phadiatop<sup>®</sup> in an elderly population from the PAQUID cohort: relationship to respiratory symptoms and smoking
Authors: C. Raherison, C. Nejjari, M. L. Marty, L. Filleul, P. Barberger‐Gateau, J. F. Dartigues, J. F. Tessier
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: In the last decades in industrialized countries, the increase of life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the population of the elderly. However, little is known about the prevalence of allergies in the elderly population. The aim of the study was to investigate the specific relationship of serum IgE and Phadiatop, with asthma, rhinitis, and smoking in a sample of an elderly population. Methods: Subjects from the Paquid cohort living in Gironde Department (age 65 years and over) in France were followed up since 1988 (PAQUID cohort). Results: Among the randomized sample of 352 subjects, there were 158 men (45%) and 194 women (55%). The lowest levels of IgE were in subjects with chronic sputum; and in normal subjects (47.1 ± 56.4 vs 56.2 ± 73.9, NS). Multiple linear regression was performed with log 10 IgE values as a dependent variable and age, Phadiatop test, smoking, and respiratory symptoms independently in men and in women. In men, a significant relationship was observed between IgE values and Phadiatop test ( P &lt; 0.001), asthma history ( P = 0.002), and smoking ( P = 0.019). Conclusions: Respiratory allergy is present in persons &gt;65 years of age. There is an association between smoking and IgE level independent of allergic reactivity to common allergens in the elderly.
Platelet aggregation during oral contraception
Authors: L. Poller, C. M. Priest, J. M. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Platelet aggregation has been found to be significantly accelerated with the coagulation-induced Chandler9s tube technique in women taking combined oestrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, though this was less than in the third trimester of pregnancy. Women taking the pure progestogen, chlormadinone acetate, have not shown this change up to the sixth month of study. In contrast the accelerated platelet aggregation resulting from conventional oral contraception became normal one month after changing to the progestogen. There was no change in the platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.) during oral contraception.