tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Pooled Analysis to Evaluate Results of Capsule Endoscopy Trials
Authors: B. S. Lewis, G. M. Eisen, S. Friedman
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Capsule endoscopy is a new tool in the evaluation of the small intestine. To speed evaluation and acceptance of this technology, the manufacturer (Given Imaging Ltd, Yoqneam, Israel) funded several trials. The data from these trials were collected at a central repository using a standardized reporting tool. Presentation of this data to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2003 led to the removal of the adjunctive term with regard to indication for capsule endoscopy, recognizing that the method is of independent importance for evaluating the small bowel. The aim of the present study was to combine the data from several capsule trials to help determine the yield and miss rate of capsule endoscopy for different diseases, compared with alternative diagnostic modalities.Capsule studies were identified from a master database of funded studies. Studies were included in the pooled analysis if they reported a prospective comparison with another modality for evaluation of the small intestine.32 studies with a total of 691 patients were found in the master database, of which 24 studies, representing 530 patients, met inclusion criteria and were entered into the pooled analysis. Prior to study entry, patients had undergone a mean of 6.77 diagnostic procedures, without findings. Of these 24 studies, 14 (involving 310 patients) were categorized as "bleeding" studies, and 10 studies (220 patients) as "nonbleeding small-bowel disorders" studies. The comparison procedure was push enteroscopy in 300 patients (in 45 for nonbleeding disorders), small-bowel series in 140 patients (in 125 for non-bleeding disorders), and colonoscopy with ileoscopy in 90 patients (50 for nonbleeding disorders). Overall analysis per patient showed new findings from capsule endoscopy in 50 % of patients; 17 % had new findings from the comparison method; in 22 % there were similar findings; and in 11 % there were no findings. A total of 1349 instances of disease were identified in the 530 examinations. Capsule endoscopy solely detected 87 % of the disease instances, while the comparison method solely detected 13 %. The yield for push enteroscopy alone was 14.8 %, for small-bowel series it was 9.9 %, and for colonoscopy it was 13.2 %. Capsule endoscopy missed 146 disease instances for a miss rate of 10 %; 989 were missed by the comparison methods for a miss rate of 73 %; and 214 were detected by both methods.Capsule endoscopy is the state of the art method for noninvasive detection of small-bowel disease.
ASSOCIATION OF GERMFREE MICE WITH BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM NORMAL MICE
Authors: Russell W. Schaedler, René Dubos, Richard Costello
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Germfree mice were given food contaminated with pure cultures of various bacterial species isolated from ordinary healthy mice. The cultures were given singly, or in association, or consecutively at weekly intervals. Whatever the technique of administration, the lactobacilli and anaerobic streptococci immediately established themselves throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and became closely associated with the walls of the organs. In contrast, the organisms of the bacteroides group were found in large numbers only in the large intestine. Within a week after exposure, the populations of these three bacterial species reached levels similar to those found in ordinary mice. They remained at these characteristic levels throughout the period of observation (several months). Their presence resulted in a progressive decrease in the size of the cecum which eventually became normal in gross appearance. Coliform bacilli multiplied extensively and persisted at high levels in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract of germfree mice, even after these had become colonized with lactobacilli, anaerobic streptococci and bacteroides. However, the coliform population fell precipitously within a few days after the animals were fed the intestinal contents of healthy pathogen-free mice.
Endothelins 1 and 3: Potent cholestatic agents secreted and excreted by the liver that interact with cyclosporine
Authors: Renata E. Bluhm, Marshall G. Frazer, Mary Vore, Wright C. Pinson, Kamal F. Badr
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Autoradiographic studies have shown that the liver accumulates endothelin. High-affinity binding sites for endothelin have been identified on rat liver plasma membranes. We investigated the role of endothelin isopeptides as mediators of cholestasis with isolated rat liver perfused by a recirculating solution of buffer and blood. These studies demonstrated that endothelin-1, as measured by means of radioimmunoassay, was cleared from the perfusate by the liver and that the liver concentrated both endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in bile. Addition of endothelin-1 to the liver perfusate solution increased the concentration of endothelin-3 measured in the perfusate, suggesting that endothelin-1 caused release or secretion of endothelin-3. Both endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 at 5 nmol/L caused almost complete cessation of bile flow, but this effect was more prolonged after endothelin-1 than after endothelin-3 administration. Because it has been reported that cyclosporine increases endothelin levels, we studied the interaction of these two compounds. Cyclosporine (100 μmol/L) also produced cholestasis. Endothelin-3 secretion in bile, however, was decreased in livers perfused with cyclosporine compared with secretion in controls. Simultaneous addition of endothelin-1 and cyclosporine that on their own were not significantly cholestatic produced cholestasis. In conclusion, endothelin is a potent cholestatic agent secreted and excreted by the liver. It may potentiate the cholestatic action of cyclosporine. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:961-968.)
Comparison of Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes After Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty Using Coronary Versus ‘Biliary’ Tubular Slotted Stents
Authors: S. Chiu Wong, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Gary S. Mintz, Ya Chien Chuang, Mun K. Hong, Christine J. Ditrano, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Saphenous vein graft (SVG) angioplasty using 15-mm articulated, tubular slotted stents results in low (0% to 20%) residual diameter stenoses and infrequent (&lt;5%) major complications. A “biliary” stent design with greater radial compressive strength, enhanced visibility, and more variable sizing (diameter and length) has been approved for noncoronary indications. A comparison of outcomes after coronary versus biliary stent placement in SVG stenoses has not been performed. The purpose of this study was to compare the angiographic and clinical results after SVG angioplasty using these two balloon-expandable, tubular slotted stent designs. Methods and Results During a 3-year period, 231 patients with 305 SVG lesions were treated using Palmaz-Schatz coronary (n=108) or biliary (n=123) stents. Cineangiograms were reviewed using qualitative morphological and quantitative angiographic methods. Time-dependent clinical outcome (freedom from death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or the need for repeat coronary bypass surgery or SVG angioplasty) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier life-table methods. Unstable angina ( P &lt;.001) and recent myocardial infarction ( P =.001) were present more often in patients undergoing biliary stent versus coronary stent placement. Biliary stent–treated SVG lesions were more frequently de novo ( P =.001), ostial in location ( P =.002), ≥10 mm in length ( P =.009), thrombus containing ( P =.001), and ulcerated ( P &lt;.001) than coronary stent–treated SVG lesions. Angiographically, biliary stent–treated lesions had larger reference vessel diameter (3.43±0.59 mm versus 3.10±0.64 mm, P &lt;.001), higher balloon-to-artery ratio (1.15±0.16 mm versus 1.07±0.19, P =.0001), and lower residual diameter stenosis (6±17% versus 14±11% in coronary stent–treated patients; P &lt;.001). Procedural success rates were high (95%), in-hospital major complications were uncommon (&lt;3%), and follow-up clinical outcomes were favorable (6-month event-free survival ≈80%) in both groups. Conclusions Despite frequent short-term ischemic syndromes and unfavorable lesion characteristics, both biliary and coronary cohorts have similarly favorable short-term procedural results and long-term clinical outcomes. The increased strut thickness of the biliary stent confers greater fluoroscopic visibility and radial compressive strength in exchange for decreased stent flexibility and added technical demand in stent deployment. Extreme caution is recommended with biliary stent placement in the treatment of SVG lesions as clinical results are highly operator dependent.
History of Arab Medicine
Authors: None Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1947)

BEICTISHAt a time when parts of the lay Press are more than usually critical of our profession it seems a pity that these accusations are made by our own colleagues against men and women who also " like time to examine their patients," but do not always find it necessary to exalt their own " professional consciences."-I am, etc., Waddesdon, Bucks.
NICE introduces cost sharing scheme for sight drug
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background</h3> UK policy guidance on treatment and care towards the end of life identifies a need to better recognise patients who are likely to be in the last 12 months of life. Health and social care professionals have a key role in initiating and managing a patient9s transition from ‘curative care’ to palliative care. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of evidence relating to the transition from curative care to palliative care within UK settings. <h3>Method</h3> Four electronic databases were searched for studies published between 1975 and March 2010. Inclusion criteria were all UK studies relating to the transition from curative care to palliative care in adults over the age of 18. Selected studies were independently reviewed, data were extracted, quality was assessed and data were synthesised using a descriptive thematic approach. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1464 articles initially identified, 12 papers met the criteria for inclusion. Four themes emerged from the literature: (1) patient and carer experiences of transitions; (2) recognition and identification of the transition phase; (3) optimising and improving transitions; and (4) defining and conceptualising transitions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The literature suggests that little is known about the potentially complex transition to palliative care. Evidence suggests that continuity of care and multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial in order to improve the experience of patients making the transition. An important role is outlined for generalist providers of palliative care. Incorporating palliative care earlier in the disease trajectory and implementing a phased transition appear key components of optimum care.
Perspectives in Health Planning
Authors: Alister Brass
Journal: JAMA (1969)

For a doyen of the profession the delivery of a named series of lectures calls for tricky navigation between a lapse into anecdotal autobiography on the one hand and the temptation to preach on the other. In the latest volume of Heath Clark Lectures the tone is statistical rather than opinionated, pragmatic instead of philosophical, and the speaker-author has escaped both Scylla and Charybdis. Dr. Arthur Engel, until recently Director-General of the National Board of Health of Sweden, draws on his intimate experience of the Swedish welfare health system. He knows the problems of health planning. His suggestions regarding the problems that lie ahead are realistic, and his offered solutions sound eminently feasible. The developed countries must plan now for an aging population living in what Engel terms the "synthetic environment"—a product of the increasing industrialization and urbanization of society, the breakdown of traditional patterns of family life, and the
The T-786C and Glu298Asp polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide gene affect the forearm blood flow responses of Caucasian hypertensive patients
Authors: Gian Paolo Rossi, Stefano Taddei, Agostino Virdis, Martina Cavallin, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Stefania Favilla, Daniele Versari, Isabella Sudano, Achille C Pessina, Antonio Salvetti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Hepatitis delta virus infection in French male HBsAg-positive homosexuals
Authors: Stanislas Pol, Frédéric Dubois, Philippe Roingeard, Linda Zignego, Chantal Housset, Christian Brechot, Alain Goudeau, Pierre Berthelot
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The prevalence and serological features of hepatitis delta virus infections were studied in a French population of chronic, non-drug addict, hepatitis B surface antigen carriers: 42 male homosexual patients were compared to 30 nonhomosexuals (20 who evidently had not been exposed to any of the usual hepatitis B virus-hepatitis delta virus risk factors and 10 hemodialyzed patients or kidney allograft recipients). Six of the 42 male homosexuals (14.3%) had at least one serological marker of hepatitis delta virus infection (hepatitis delta antigen, total and/or IgM anti-hepatitis delta antibodies). Serological follow-up was obtained for five of these patients over several months and confirmed the chronicity of the delta infection in at least four of the five subjects. Hepatitis delta antigen and hepatitis delta virus RNA were found in the liver and in the serum, respectively, of four of the five tested patients. Hepatitis B virus DNA was negative in the serum of five of the six hepatitis delta virus-positive homosexuals vs. only eight of 35 hepatitis delta virus-negative homosexuals (p less than 0.02). Human immunodeficiency virus was negative in all of the nonhomosexuals; its prevalence did not differ between the hepatitis delta virus-positive and -negative homosexuals: three were human immunodeficiency virus-positive among the six former vs. 15 among the 36 latter. Human immunodeficiency virus positivity was without obvious influence on hepatitis B virus replication, since among 35 hepatitis delta virus-negative homosexuals hepatitis B virus DNA was found in 80% of the human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and 70% of those who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative.
Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Animals and in Man.
Authors: Sidney Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Humboldt, Tenn., April 8, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just read Dr. Albert's letter inThe Journal, April 8, p. 1132, on the identity of meningitis in animals and man. This is an interesting and important subject, especially as the question of contagion is beginning to receive the attention it should have had long ago. I am not familar with the disease in the cow, but I have seen a few cases in man and in horses and have long been impressed with the idea that the disease is the same in both. The disease in the horse is known in this locality as "blind staggers" and there is a popular impression that the horse contracts the disease from eating the "chaff" of old corn, and as it is undoubtedly more common about the time the farmers are cleaning out the corn-cribs preparatory to housing the new crop, it
Skin reaction and regeneration after single sodium lauryl sulfate exposure stratified by filaggrin genotype and atopic dermatitis phenotype
Authors: J. Bandier, B.C. Carlsen, M.A. Rasmussen, L.J. Petersen, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Skin reaction and regeneration after single sodium lauryl sulfate exposure stratified by filaggrin genotype and atopic dermatitis phenotype Get access J. Bandier, J. Bandier National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårdsvej 28 2900 Hellerup Denmark Correspondence Josefine Bandier. E‐mail: josefine.bandier@regionh.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.C. Carlsen, B.C. Carlsen National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårdsvej 28 2900 Hellerup Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. Rasmussen, M.A. Rasmussen Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.J. Petersen, L.J. Petersen Department of Nuclear Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Johansen J.D. Johansen National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårdsvej 28 2900 Hellerup Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1519–1529, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13651 Published: 01 June 2015
Prediction of resources needed to achieve the national target for treatment of renal failure.
Authors: I T Wood, N P Mallick, A J Wing
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A model of the treatment of end stage renal failure has been primed with observed survival statistics and used to predict the steady state that will be achieved when the present annual target of at least 40 new patients per million population is in equilibrium with the death rate. The number of patients expected to receive each type of dialysis or a transplant is given per million of population. The personnel and facilities required to care for these patients and the costs of each programme were derived using analyses of workloads and costs in the North Western Regional Health Authority. The study has documented the considerable need for "back up" beds for patients on dialysis who require temporary care as inpatients. The cost effectiveness of transplantation has been demonstrated; at steady state it is calculated that each successful graft saves the service pounds 30,000. Implementation of the minister9s minimum target requires a build up to some three times the resources currently allocated, with parallel increases in numbers of medical, nursing, and other essential staff.
Conversations on the Social Services
Authors: P. Scowen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

affected bowel was resected.The patient was given massive doses of steroids, antibiotics, and fluid replacement for septicaemic shock and gradually recovered.Clinical features of myxoedema were then apparent and this was confirmed by iodine studies.The patient's appearance and bowel habit returned to normal with thyroxine.Histologically, the resected bowel showed features of acute ischaemic colitis.Constipation and albdominal distension are well-recognized features of hypothyroidism.Gross colonic dilatation in this patient was followed by mucosal ischaemia and necrosis, allowing the development of septicaemic shock secondary to invasive infection.The usually fatal outco.me in this condition was avoided by prompt excision of the diseased bowel and intensive therapy for septicaemic shock.-Weare, etc.,
Infant Body Composition and Adipokine Concentrations in Relation to Maternal Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Angela C. Estampador, Jeremy Pomeroy, Frida Renström, Scott M. Nelson, Ingrid Mogren, Margareta Persson, Naveed Sattar, Magnus Domellöf, Paul W. Franks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of maternal gestational weight gain and body composition and their impact on offspring body composition and adipocytokine, glucose, and insulin concentrations at age 4 months. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective study including 31 mother-infant pairs (N = 62). Maternal body composition was assessed using doubly labeled water. Infant body composition was assessed at 4 months using air displacement plethysmography, and venous blood was assayed for glucose, insulin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leptin concentrations. RESULTS Rate of gestational weight gain in midpregnancy was significantly associated with infant fat mass (r = 0.41, P = 0.03); rate of gestational weight in late pregnancy was significantly associated with infant fat-free mass (r = 0.37, P = 0.04). Infant birth weight was also strongly correlated with infant fat-free mass at 4 months (r = 0.63, P = 0.0002). Maternal BMI and maternal fat mass were strongly inversely associated with infant IL-6 concentrations (r = −0.60, P = 0.002 and r = −0.52, P = 0.01, respectively). Infant fat-free mass was inversely related to infant adiponectin concentrations (r = −0.48, P = 0.008) and positively correlated with infant blood glucose adjusted for insulin concentrations (r = 0.42, P = 0.04). No significant associations for leptin were observed. CONCLUSIONS Timing of maternal weight gain differentially impacts body composition of the 4-month-old infant, which in turn appears to affect the infant’s glucose and adipokine concentrations.
PLASMA CHOLESTEROL SATURATION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION. WITH A NOTE ON PREPARATION OF GLASS FILTERS FOR MICRO-FILTRATION OF CHOLESTEROL DIGITONIDE
Authors: Raymond F. Holden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

Various authors during the past 25 years have attributed to hypercholesterolemia a role in initiat- ing the arterial lesions of essential hypertension.The basis of this theory has been disproved by several recent papers (1, 2, 3), which have shown that plasma cholesterol, both free and esterified, is entirely normal in essential hypertension.However, Alvarez and Neuschlosz (4) have presented a series of experiments which indicated that the serum of patients with arterial hyperten- sion may be supersaturated with cholesterol, even
Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a multi-center study
Authors: M. Antonelli, G. Conti, M. Moro, A. Esquinas, G. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Confalonieri, P. Pelaia, T. Principi, C. Gregoretti, F. Beltrame, M. Pennisi, A. Arcangeli, R. Proietti, M. Passariello, G. Meduri
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Characterization and isolation of thyroid microsomal antigen.
Authors: N Hamada, L Portmann, L J DeGroot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We investigated the structure of the 107-kD thyroid protein recognized as microsomal antigen. Solubilized microsomes were incubated with affinity gels consisting of IgG, from thyroiditis patients or controls, linked to Reacti-gel. Eluates were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis and Western blot. 107- and 101-kD proteins were augmented in eluates from gels containing patient IgG and had microsomal antigenicity. In a Western blot of microsomes run under unreduced conditions, poorly defined large proteins were identified by antibody. When eluted electrophoretically and reanalyzed in reducing conditions, they demonstrated the 107-kD antigen. The 107-kD protein identified in reducing conditions was extracted and reanalyzed under nonreducing conditions. Large molecular mass proteins were then observed. On two-dimensional electrophoresis, a 107-kD antigen was isolated with isoelectric point of 7.0. The microsomal antigen may be complexes or multimers of a 107-kD peptide with isoelectric point of 7.0.