tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Revascularization after Myocardial Infarction in the Very Elderly: Outcomes and Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the outcome of very elderly patients who had coronary revascularization during hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Community-based tertiary-care teaching hospital. Patients: A total of 1215 consecutive patients 80 years and older were hospitalized with a myocardial infarction between 1985 and 1990. The study sample included all 93 patients (8%) who had cardiac catheterization before discharge and had not been excluded from study because of the following: severe valvular disease, absence of significant coronary disease, or death before a decision about revascularization could be made. Measurements: Survival, quality of life, and functional status at least 1 year after discharge. Results: After catheterization, 41 patients had angioplasty, 18 had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 34 did not have revascularization. Among the patients alive at discharge, those who had revascularization had a high likelihood of achieving a good or excellent quality of life (angioplasty, 86% [31 of 36]; surgery, 89% [16 of 18]; medical therapy, 44% [11 of 25]) and of being able to care for themselves (angioplasty, 89% [32 of 36], surgery, 89% [16 of 18], medical therapy, 52% [13 of 25]). Mortality rates at 1 year were 24% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) for the angioplasty group, 6% (CI, 0% to 27%) for the surgery group, and 44% (CI, 27% to 62%) for the medical therapy group. In a Cox proportional-hazards model that adjusted for clinical, demographic, hemodynamic, and anatomic differences between the groups, the performance of coronary revascularization was associated with increased survival (hazard ratio, 0.42; CI, 0.18 to 0.98). Conclusions: A small percentage of very elderly patients with complicated acute myocardial infarctions, selected by their physicians for invasive cardiovascular procedures, can tolerate these procedures, avoid serious complications, return to independent living, and have excellent probability of survival. Although our results suggest that coronary revascularization may have benefited these patients, the study design did not permit definite conclusions, and future studies are needed to resolve this important question.
Evaluation of Human Thymidine Kinase 1 Substrates as New Candidates for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Ashraf S. Al-Madhoun, Jayaseharan Johnsamuel, Rolf F. Barth, Werner Tjarks, Staffan Eriksson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Thymidine analogs containing o-carboranylalkyl groups at the 3-position were screened as potential substrates for human thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), an enzyme that is selectively expressed in a variety of rapidly proliferating cells, including tumor cells. On the basis of previous studies, 12 of these were identified as potential delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy, a therapeutic method used for the treatment of high-grade brain tumors. Compound 4 with a pentylene spacer between the o-carborane cage and the thymidine scaffold and compound 10, which has an additional dihydroxypropyl substituent at the o-carborane cage, were the best substrates for TK1 with kcat/Km values of 27% and 36% relative to that of thymidine, respectively. These compounds showed partial competitive inhibition for thymidine phosphorylation by TK1. Neither compound was a substrate of recombinant human thymidine phosphorylase nor were their respective 5′-monophosphates substrates of 5′-deoxynucleotidase 1, thereby indicating potential in vivo stability. The octanol/water partition coefficient for compound 10 was 2.09, suggesting that it has excellent physiochemical properties for crossing the blood brain barrier and penetrating brain tissue. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of the 12 analogs was moderate to low in mammalian cell cultures with IC50 values between 10 and 160 μmol/L. Compounds 4 and 10 were taken up selectively and retained by the murine fibroblast L929 cell line, in contrast to its TK1-deficient variant. These findings suggest that compound 10 is a promising candidate for selective delivery of boron-10 to malignant cells, and additional in vivo studies are planned to evaluate it for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors.
Clinical impact of<i>MEFV</i>mutations in children with periodic fever in a prevalent western European Caucasian population
Authors: Silvia Federici, Giuseppina Calcagno, Martina Finetti, Romina Gallizzi, Antonella Meini, Agata Vitale, Francesco Caroli, Marco Cattalini, Roberta Caorsi, Francesco Zulian, Alberto Tommasini, Antonella Insalaco, Maria Pia Sormani, Maurizia Baldi, Isabella Ceccherini, Alberto Martini, Marco Gattorno
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the actual impact of <i>MEFV</i> mutations on clinical manifestations associated with fever attacks in Caucasian children with periodic fever. <h3>Methods</h3> 113 children carrying <i>MEFV</i> mutations (44 with mutations in two alleles, 69 heterozygous) and 205 children negative for mutations in genes associated with periodic fevers were analysed. The following groups of patients were considered: patients carrying two high penetrance mutations (M694V, M694I, M680I); one high, one low penetrance mutation; two low penetrance mutations; one high penetrance mutation; one low penetrance mutation; genetically negative patients. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with two <i>MEFV</i> mutations displayed a shorter duration of fever attacks and higher prevalence of a positive family history than patients carrying one <i>MEFV</i> mutation and genetically negative patients. Severe abdominal pain, chest pain and pleurisy were also more frequent in patients with two <i>MEFV</i> mutations compared with children with one <i>MEFV</i> mutation and genetically negative patients. Conversely, a higher frequency of exudative and erythematous pharyngitis, enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, aphthous stomatitis and non-specific skin rash was observed in genetically negative patients and, to a lesser extent, in patients with one <i>MEFV</i> mutation. The frequency of 'familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)-like symptoms' decreases from patients carrying two high penetrance mutations towards patients with a single low penetrance mutation with an opposite trend for 'periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis-like symptoms'. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This clinical observation supports recent findings contrasting the notion of FMF being a pure autosomal recessive disorder associated with recurrence of mutations leading to loss of protein function. A dosage effect could be invoked, giving rise to symptom onset even in the presence of one wild-type allele.
Sinus arrest during treatment with amiodarone
Authors: A K Jones
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Elderly implies that the answers which may be produced by this large multinational, hospital-based trial will be no more clearcut than the ones we reported from our small single-centre trial.If so, we share the hopes of Professor W S Peart and his colleagues (p 1397) that a further "trial of antihypertensive treat- ment in people aged 65-74 may be mounted attempting to determine the balance between the benefits of pressure reduction and any adverse effects."
GROWTH ACCESSORY SUBSTANCES FOR PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN ANIMAL TISSUES
Authors: I. J. Kligler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The growth of all the pathogenic bacteria studied was favorably influenced by the addition of small amounts of tissue extracts. Beef heart, rabbit and cat tissues, and human nasal secretions contain substances favorable to the growth of the organisms tested. The mucosa of different organs, spleen, liver, and kidney, are relatively rich in these substances, while muscle is relatively poor. The favorable effect of the extracts is manifested by an enhancement of growth and a reduction of lag. The water-soluble substances are apparently the ones essential for bacterial development; the ether extract has no effect on growth. Experiments are reported which indicate that the substances in question belong to the class of so called vitamines.
Anti–B-Cell Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Severe B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Following Bone Marrow and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Alain Fischer, Stéphane Blanche, Jérôme Le Bidois, Pierre Bordigoni, Jane Luce Garnier, Patrick Niaudet, Frederic Morinet, Françoise Le Deist, Anne-Marie Fischer, Claude Griscelli, Michel Hirn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome is an infrequent life-threatening complication of marrow or organ transplantation that is the consequence of profound immunosuppression. The results of treatment have been disappointing, although a small number of patients have been cured by chemoradiotherapy or antiviral agents after a reduction in the dosage of immunosuppressive therapy. We report here the results of treating this disorder with anti—B-cell antibodies.
SCURVY IN AN ADULT.
Authors: A. F. MAISCH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Male, American, aged 33, robust; height 5 feet 9 inches; weighed 173 pounds; complained of bleeding from the mouth and pain while chewing food. Condition had existed two weeks. <h3>History.</h3> —Negative family history; no hemophilia; no serious illness; denies lues. <h3>Examination.</h3> —No apparent anemia or enlargement of lymphatics; muscles were solid, no tenderness on pressure. Heart, lungs and kidneys normal. Mouth showed slight oozing of blood at the margin of the gums; no pus; bleeding free on slight pressure and also hemorrhage from numerous areas on hard palate. On further questioning, patient said he had been employed building roads on an Indian reservation for the past five months. His food during this time had been limited to such articles as beans, coffee, salt pork and potatoes; once a week had fresh meat, but no fruits or vegetables, except potatoes. <h3>Diagnosis.</h3> —Scurvy. <h3>Treatment Local.</h3> —Saturated solutions of potassium permanganate as
STUDIES ON INDIFFERENT STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: C. H. Hitchcock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Indifferent streptococci occur in comparatively the same abundance in the throats of patients suffering from rheumatic fever or early in convalescence from the disease as they do in those who have recovered from the disease, or in those of patients suffering from other diseases. There is a slightly increased incidence of these microorganisms in the throats of hospital patients as compared with those of normal individuals. Type I occurs with comparatively equal frequency and abundance in the throats of all four classes of individuals studied.
Child-resistant containers: are we kidding ourselves?
Authors: A D Greig, P D Ewing, S B Kenny
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A 20-month-old child was accidentally poisoned after biting through the bottom of a medicine container and ingesting the tablets inside. Consequently a study was carried out to determine the force required to fracture 20 randomly selected 25 and 32 ml polystyrene containers to see whether this exceeded the bite force of a child9s jaw. Tests were performed at displacement rates of 0.5 and 10 cm/min. All the containers failed at well below the bite force recorded for children, which is 392 N. All containers must conform to a British Standards test that requires that they withstand a force of only 35 N. Clearly this is not enough to safeguard small children. The use of polystyrene containers should be scrutinised closely, as the case of accidental poisoning reported may not be unique.
Mutagenicity testing of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
Authors: E D Thompson, W J Coppinger, R Valencia, J Iavicoli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The mutagenic potential of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (diEGBE) was examined with a Tier I battery of in vitro assays followed by a Tier II in vivo Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay. The in vitro battery consisted of: the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma test, a cytogenetics assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells and the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in rat hepatocytes. Results of the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the cytogenetics test, and the rat hepatocyte assay were negative at concentrations up to 20 microL/plate, 7.92 microL/mL, and 4.4 microL/mL, respectively. Toxicity was clearly demonstrated at all high doses. A weak, but dose-related increase in the mutation frequency (4-fold increase over the solvent control at 5.6 microL/mL with 12% survival) was obtained in the L5178Y lymphoma test in the absence of metabolic activation. Results of the mouse lymphoma assay were negative in the presence of the S-9 activation system. The significance of the mouse lymphoma assay were negative in the presence of the S-9 activation system. The significance of the mouse lymphoma assay results were assessed by performing the Tier II sex-linked recessive lethal assay in Drosophila in which the target tissue is maturing germinal cells. Both feeding (11,000 ppm for 3 days) and injection (0.3 microL of approximately 14,000 ppm solution) routes of administration were employed in the Drosophila assay. Approximately 11,000 individual crosses with an equal number of negative controls were performed for each route of administration. diEGBE produced no increase in recessive lethals under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laser Lithotripsy of Gallstone by Means of a Pulsed Neodymium-YAG Laser - In Vitro and Animal Experiments
Authors: Ch. Ell, J. Hochberger, D. Müller, H. Zirngibl, J. Giedl, G. Lux, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Using a flashlamp pulsed Nd: YAG laser it is possible to destroy gallstones within a few seconds (median: 4 sec for stones less than 1.5 cc; 9.5 sec greater than 1.5 cc). In in vitro and animal studies it was shown that the median energy needed for stone destruction varies between 32 Joule for stones less than 1.5 cc and 80 Joules for stones greater than 1.5 cc. A 0.2 mm thick, flexible glass fibre makes possible retrograde laser lithotripsy by conventional endoscopes. Using a suitable technique the danger of thermal damage to tissue is small.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography and multislice three-dimensional computed tomography to evaluate transmural microvascular perfusion in reperfused acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Hiroshi Wada, Takanori Yasu, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Mikihisa Hujil, Hiroyuki Kotsuka, Norifumi Kubo, Nobuhiko Kobayashi, Shigemasa Hashimoto, Yosio Tsuruya, Muneyasu Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Wnt/β-Catenin Small-Molecule Inhibitor CWP232228 Preferentially Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells
Authors: Gyu-Beom Jang, In-Sun Hong, Ran-Ju Kim, Su-Youn Lee, Se-Jin Park, Eun-Sook Lee, Jung Hyuck Park, Chi-Ho Yun, Jae-Uk Chung, Kyoung-June Lee, Hwa-Yong Lee, Jeong-Seok Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which may destroy tumor masses but not all BCSC that can mediate relapses. In the present study, we showed that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in BCSC is relatively higher than in bulk tumor cells, contributing to a relatively higher level of therapeutic resistance. We designed a highly potent small-molecule inhibitor, CWP232228, which antagonizes binding of β-catenin to T-cell factor (TCF) in the nucleus. Notably, although CWP232228 inhibited the growth of both BCSC and bulk tumor cells by inhibiting β-catenin-mediated transcription, BCSC exhibited greater growth inhibition than bulk tumor cells. We also documented evidence of greater insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) expression by BCSC than by bulk tumor cells and that CWP232228 attenuated IGF-I-mediated BCSC functions. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of CWP232228 on BCSC growth might be achieved through the disruption of IGF-I activity. Taken together, our findings indicate that CWP232228 offers a candidate therapeutic agent for breast cancer that preferentially targets BCSC as well as bulk tumor cells.
Breast Carcinoma: The Radiologist's Expanded Role
Authors: Franklin S. Alcorn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A major controversy now rages concerning the carcinogenic effects of radiation at doses ordinarily employed in diagnostic mammography. Although a clear-cut answer will not be forthcoming in the immediate future, the radiologist must exert every effort to obtain a good diagnostic image with the lowest possible radiation exposure. This conference presents the current thinking regarding mammographic image production and radiation reduction. Of the 5 parts, in the book, the first discusses radiation as it relates to cancer induction, benefit-risk ratio in mammography, and a perspective of breast cancer screening controversy. The contributors believe that radiation is indeed carcinogenic, but that estimations of carcinogenesis are at best tenuous. At least in selected patients who are at higher-thannormal risk, breast screening by mammography is desirable. In part 2 physicists discuss in depth the physical factors affecting mammographic images. These include the effects of scattered radiation on contrast, geometric unsharpness and its related
Novel micropatterns mechanically control fibrotic reactions at the surface of silicone implants
Authors: Hicham Majd, Saja S. Scherer, Stellar Boo, Silvio Ramondetti, Elizabeth Cambridge, Wassim Raffoul, Michael Friedrich, Brigitte Pittet, Dominique Pioletti, Boris Hinz, Giorgio Pietramaggiori
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Letter by Kumar and Kounis Regarding Article, “Coronary Artery Spasm: A 2009 Update”
Authors: Anil Kumar, Nicholas Kounis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

We read the elegant update on coronary artery spasm by Stern et al 1 with great interest.It is true that the mechanism and precipitating factors of coronary artery spasm are not well understood.Table 2 in the article comprehensibly highlights various possible pathophysiological factors involved in coronary artery spasm such as increased vasomotor tone, smooth muscle contraction, vagal withdrawal, sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction, and role of nitric oxide and phospholipase C.However, the role of intracoronary mast cell activation, which induces the release of vasospastic agents, also merits inclusion in this list. 2,3arious inflammatory mediators such as histamine, neutral proteases, arachidonic acid products, platelet-activating factor, and a variety of cytokines and chemokines released during the allergic reactions are powerful coronary vasospastic agents.These agents constitute the pathophysiological basis of Kounis syndrome, 3 which is characterized by the concurrence of acute coronary events with allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.In an editorial, Braunwald 4 noted that vasospastic angina can be induced by "allergic reactions with mediators such as histamine or leukotrienes acting on coronary vascular smooth muscle."Vasospasm associated with cardiac interventions is a wellrecognized phenomenon.The role of allergic reaction to various medications given during intervention, including aspirin, lansoprazole, and angiotensin-converting inhibitors, is increasingly being recognized as the cause of vasospasm.Even local hypersensitivity reaction to stents and endovascular devices is a matter of concern.
Immune Aspects of the Glomerulonephritis Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage.
Authors: Robert L. Scheer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Immune Aspects of the Glomerulonephritis Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage.Robert L. Scheer, M.D., F.A.C.P., Murray A. Grossman, M.D., Beatrice A. Seegal, M.D.Robert L. Scheer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Murray A. Grossman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Beatrice A. Seegal, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-816_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptReports of the syndrome of recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage with glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture's syndrome) have emphasized the fulminant course of the disease. Two cases are presented with studies designed to explore a possible immune mechanism. The first case was a 21-year-old woman with pulmonary hemorrhages followed by acute glomerulonephritis who expired on the twenty-fourth hospital day. The second case was a woman who recovered from pulmonary hemorrhages at 30, from pulmonary hemorrhages and glomerulonephritis at 39, and finally died at 43 of recurrent pulmonary hemorrhages and acute glomerulonephritis. Sections of the patients' kidneys and lungs were examined for fluorescence after being stained... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 816-816KeywordsGlomerulonephritisHemorrhageKidneysLungsPulmonary diseases Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A RAPID, SEMI-QUANTITATIVE URINE COLOR TEST FOR PIPEBAZINE-LINKED PHENOTHIAZINE DRUGS (COMPAZINE, TRILAFON AND ANALOGUOUS COMPOUNDS)
Authors: FRED M. FORREST, IRENE S. FORREST, AARON S. MASON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A specific urine color test for the piperazine-linked phenothiazine drugs (Compazine, Trilafon, Dartal, Stelazine, Prolixin, etc.) is reported, in which 1 ml. of urine is mixed with 1 ml. 10% trichloracetic acid. To this mixture 1 ml. of 1/1000 molar solution of mercuric nitrate in concentrated hydrochloric acid is added. The resulting color is read within 30 seconds against a color chart showing 4 color intensities, marked from (+) to (++++), for daily drug doses from 10 to 125 mg. The test is suitable for semi-quantitative determination of Stelazine and Prolixin for the first few weeks of administration only, and thereafter should be used as a qualitative test. No false negative tests were encountered in over 3000 urine specimens. Two percent false positive tests seen in control specimens are tentatively ascribed to bile metabolites arising from impaired liver function. Potential errors in the interpretation of these tests in case of simultaneous or previous intake of other phenothiazine drugs are discussed.
Nicholson is unable to protect whistleblowers from legal action by foundation trusts, despite pledge to do so
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doubts have been raised about the value of NHS chief executive David Nicholson’s pledge to MPs to intervene with NHS organisations if he caught “a whiff” of failure to support whistleblowers. In a letter seen by Channel 4 News, he has admitted that his powers to step in are limited.

When asked about NHS trusts’ not providing support to whistleblowers, Nicholson told the Commons Health Committee in February, “Wherever I see it or if I have a whiff of …
Oxygen radicals, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and lung injury.
Authors: P A Ward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Inflammatory injury in the lung or dermis occurring after systemic activation of complement or after local deposition of immune complexes is related to local activation of tissue macrophages and/or recruitment of blood neutrophils. While requirements for cytokines (IL-1, TNF alpha, MCP-1) vary with the model of injury, requirements for adhesion molecules (beta 2 integrins, selectins, ICAM-1) differ. In most cases the immediate events related to tissue injury can be linked to toxic products from oxygen and L-arginine. Whether there is a single toxic product or a variety of toxic products remains to be determined. These data emphasize similarities and differences in the mechanisms of inflammatory injury, as a function of the inciting inflammatory agent and the organ system involved.