tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C Virus Testing in African Sera
Authors: Antonio Aceti, Gloria Taliani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 March 1992Hepatitis C Virus Testing in African SeraAntonio Aceti, MD, Gloria Taliani, MDAntonio Aceti, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Gloria Taliani, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-427_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Esteban and colleagues (1) reported that in Spain a large proportion (about 70%) of blood donors who are found to be reactive for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are confirmed to be positive by a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-2).We recently evaluated the ELISA's specificity in normal donors living in tropical communities. For this purpose, sera specimens from 90 African donors (33 from Mogadishu, Somalia; 25 from Mbalmayo, Cameroon; and 22 from Mbabane, Swaziland) that were found by ELISA (Ortho HCV ELISA Test System 2nd Generation, Raritan, New Jersey) to...Reference1. Esteban J, Lôpez-Talavera J, and Genescà J. High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:443-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Antonio Aceti, MD; Gloria Taliani, MDAffiliations: Institute for Tropical and Infectious Diseases La Sapienza University 00161 Rome Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis C Virus RNA Viremia in Central Africa 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 427-427KeywordsAntibodiesBlood donorsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayHepatitis C virusSpecificity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Patients in the community
Authors: J. K Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995 introduced a power of “supervised discharge,” with important implications for psychiatrists, social workers, community psychiatric nurses, and general practitioners.

About 7% of psychiatric admissions (about 5000 at any one time) are compulsory. Figures from the Department of Health suggest that up to two thirds of these patients could be suitable for community supervision.1 There are three possible roles for general practitioners: making a recommendation in support of an application for supervision, acting as a patient's “supervisor” in the community, or influencing decisions about a patient's care in the community.

Supervised discharge has been described as a hybrid between the care programme approach and the legal power of guardianship, which already existed under the 1983 Mental Health Act.2 Its aim is to tackle the problems of those “revolving door” patients who are over 16 years old; detained in hospital under sections 3, 37, 47, or 48; at substantial risk of serious harm to themselves or others; and more likely …
Balancing benefits and harms in health care: New trial on albumin and saline should have been considered
Authors: Stephen M Drage
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Balancing the benefits and harms of interventions requires accurate, up to date information. Therefore, it was unfortunate that Cuervo and Aronson chose albumin for resuscitation of the critically ill as an example of an intervention which turned out to …
Pulmonary Vasculitis — An Uncommon Complication of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jon I. Isenberg, Howard Goldstein, Alexander R. Korn, Robert S. Ozeran, Victor Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

WE have recently observed the sudden development of pulmonary fibrosis in a patient who had had chronic ulcerative colitis for 15 years. The infiltrates, subsequently shown by biopsy to be caused by vasculitis, resolved within 10 days after total colectomy. Pulmonary vasculitis may represent a rare extracolonic complication of ulcerative colitis. Case Report A 37-year-old man was admitted to Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital for elective total colectomy on April 4, 1967. In 1952, at the age of 22, ulcerative colitis was diagnosed by sigmoidoscopic examination. He was placed on salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine), 2 gm per day. He did well until June, . . .
Number of dementia patients rises while GPs' prescribing of antipsychotics falls
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The proportion of dementia patients being treated in the community in England who are prescribed antipsychotic drugs fell from 17% in 2006 to 7% in 2011, shows a national audit of nearly half the country’s general practices.1

At the same time, the number of cases of dementia is rising. The national dementia and antipsychotic prescribing audit shows that the annual number of new diagnoses of dementia in the participating practices rose by 68%, from 18 762 in 2006 to 31 455 in 2011.

The audit, which collected information on 197 000 people with dementia from more than …
Should All Pregnant Women Be Screened for Hepatitis B?
Authors: Mary L. Kumar, Neal V. Dawson, Arthur J. McCULLOUGH, Milan Radivoyevitch, Katherine C. King, Roger Hertz, Harry Kiefer, Maxine Hampson, Ruth Cassidy, Anthony S. Tavill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To assess the sensitivity of historical risk factors for identification for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive parturients, 4399 pregnant women were consecutively screened for HBsAg. Information regarding risk for hepatitis B infection was obtained from each HBsAg-positive parturient. Twenty-three HBsAg-positive subjects were identified (5.2/1000 deliveries). The HBsAg carrier rate (18/2231, or 8.1/1000 deliveries) was significantly higher in women of black, Asian, or Hispanic origin than in the remaining ethnic groups (non-Hispanic whites plus all others, 5/2168, or 2.3/1000 deliveries) (chi square, 5.95; p = 0.016). Risk factors for identification of HBsAg-positive women were present in 10 of 22 asymptomatic subjects (sensitivity, 45%; 95% confidence interval, 24% to 68%). Much of the information required to assess one of these risk factors, previous infection, involved detailed questioning and is unlikely to be obtained in the context of conventional obstetrical care. Routine maternal HBsAg screening programs may be needed if transmission of hepatitis B from mother to infant is to be prevented.
Similarities and Differences Between Diabetic and Idiopathic Gastroparesis
Authors: Henry P. Parkman, Katherine Yates, William L. Hasler, Linda Nguyen, Pankaj J. Pasricha, William J. Snape, Gianrico Farrugia, Kenneth L. Koch, Jorge Calles, Thomas L. Abell, Richard W. McCallum, Linda Lee, Aynur Unalp–Arida, James Tonascia, Frank Hamilton
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α Cooperate to Activate Human Dendritic Cells: Synergistic Activation of Interleukin 12 Production
Authors: Claudia Rieser, Günther Böck, Helmut Klocker, Georg Bartsch, Martin Thurnher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Interleukin (IL)-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to innate resistance and to the development of antigen-specific T cell responses. Among other effects, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits the production of IL-12 by macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we investigated the effects of PGE2 on human dendritic cells (DCs) which develop in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. We demonstrate that in the absence of LPS, PGE2 dose dependently stimulated the production of IL-12 by DCs. Although PGE2 alone stimulated the production of low amounts of IL-12 only, it synergized with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce high levels of IL-12 production by DCs. Addition of TNF-α in the absence of PGE2 had no effect on IL-12 production. Conversely, in the presence of LPS, PGE2 inhibited IL-12 production by DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of PGE2 and TNF-α efficiently silenced mannose receptor–mediated endocytosis in DCs and readily induced neo-expression of the CD83 antigen. In addition, the expression of various surface antigens such as major histocompatibility complex class I and II, adhesion, as well as costimulatory molecules was upregulated by this treatment. The effects of PGE2 on IL-12 synthesis and CD83 expression could be mimicked by dibutyryl-cAMP and forskolin, indicating that they were due to the intracellular elevation of cAMP levels. DC treated with PGE2 and TNF-α were most potent in stimulating allogeneic T cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate that PGE2 contributes to the maturation of human DCs and that PGE2 can be a potent enhancer of IL-12 production by human DCs.
Multiple myeloma: Relationship between light chain isotype suppression, labelling index of plasma cells, and CD38 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Douglas E. Joshua, Rosemary Ioannidis, Ross Brown, Susan E. Francis, John Gibson, Harry Kronenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract In this study we have investigated the relationship between the labelling index of plasma cells, the expression of CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and light chain isotype suppression. This study confirms the relationship between plateau‐phase disease and light chain isotype suppression (LCIS) and documents an inverse relationship between LCIS and CD38 positive lymphocytes (.001 &lt; P &lt; .01), which is similar to the relationship we have described with the expression of CD10 positive lymphocytes. PCA‐1 is rarely expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloma and does not fulfill a role as a marker of active vs. stable disease. There is no relationship between the labelling index of plasma cells and LCIS, because many patients can enter a stage of progressive disease and yet have a labelling index of &lt;1% at that time, although a labelling index &lt;1% is present in the majority of patients with LCIS. β‐2‐microglobulin (β2M) also fails to differentiate these two phases of disease in myeloma and does not have a relationship with LCIS, CD38 expression, or CD10 expression. These data suggest that myeloma, like chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), can be considered as having two phases of disease: a stable or chronic phase disease, as identified by the presence of LCIS, the absence of CD10 and CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and a low labelling index, and progressive disease, which is associated with the loss of LCIS and of, CD10 and CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and a high labelling index, although in many cases of progressive disease, the labelling index may also be low. β2M does not differentiate between these states.
Serum proteomic profiling and haptoglobin polymorphisms in patients with GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Joseph McGuirk, Gang Hao, Weijian Hou, Sunil Abhyankar, Casey Williams, Weisi Yan, Jianda Yuan, Xiuqin Guan, Robert Belt, Shaun Dejarnette, Jeffery Wieman, Ying Yan
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)
Sjögren's Syndrome: Hyperviscosity and Intermediate Complexes
Authors: WILLIAM M. BLAYLOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A patient with Sjögren's syndrome who developed hyperviscosity is described. A polyclonal increase in all immunoglobulins was present, and ultracentrifuge studies showed the presence of intermediate complexes. Very high titers of rheumatoid factors were present. The detailed course of treatment for a 1-year period is presented and correlated with clinical and laboratory variables, such as serum viscosity, protein electrophoresis, levels of gamma globulin, rheumatoid factors, and ultracentrifuge patterns. The remarkable recovery of this patient after a 3-year period is documented.
WHAT THE ANCIENTS KNEW CONCERNING OBSTETRICS RICS AND GYNÆCOLOGY.
Authors: G. M. B. MAUGHS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Presented to the Section on Obstetrics and Gynæcology of American Medical Association, June, 1883.] A short time since I was presented by my friend Dr. Dickinson with a Latin folio edition of all the extant works of the two most valuable Greek medical compilers, Oribasius and Ætius. The book itself is some 300 years old, and in a good state of preservation —never having been read, and though published only a little over 100 years after the invention of printing, could scarcely be excelled in mechanical execution at the present day. But any value that might be attached to this is utterly lost in the priceless value of its contents. Oribasius, a learned Greek physician of the fourth century, was court physician to the Emperor Julian, and wrote his great work, the Hebdomekontabiblos or Seventy Volumes—a compilation of all that was known of medicine, at the order of Julian, who
Surgery in Addison's Disease
Authors: H. R. C. Riches
Journal: BMJ (1956)

INTUBATION UNDER DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY MEDIBAL JoURNAL 489 Macintosh (1949) has employed a gum-elastic catheter in difficult intubations.This is pushed 2 in.(5 cm.) beyond the end of the tube, which is threaded over it and guided by it into the larynx.Barnard (1952) has used a malleable bougie in the same manner.Medical literature is full of complaints when old facts are rediscovered.No original claim is made regarding the above application of a curved introducer (Chaussier, 1780-1 O'Dwyer, 1885). Summary and ConclusionFive cases in which direct laryngoscopy and subsequent intubation were difficult are reported.The causes of the difficulty are described and the value of a curved introducer is reaffirmed.As no report has hitherto appeared in the literature concerning this type of case and its exact abnormalities, these few examples encountered during three years' anaesthetic practice at a busy general hospital may serve to draw attention to the causes of this relatively rare but embarrassing problem for patient and anaes- thetist alike.We are grateful for the interest and ready co-operation of Professor A. Amies and Professor H. Atkinson, both of the Melbourne University Dental School, who made available detailed reports on the abnormalities shown in the x-ray films.
Where shall John go? Boston, USA.
Authors: A E Young
Journal: BMJ (1977)

MR KLEIN: The medical profession also has an important educative role in trying to persuade nurses and ancillary workers that, for example, the woman who stabbed her baby should not be in prison but in a mental hospital. The medical profession does not carry conviction in psychiatry because it has interpreted leadership in a terribly narrow sense of We take the clinical decisions and that is what leadership means. Actually leading a team means fighting its battles. You do not just tell them what to do but also kick up a fuss on their behalf. To return to the main theme, isn't Dr Clare's paper saying that psychiatrists are very peripheral to psychiatry? For most of the patients most of the time it is the ancillary and nursing staff who are most important. To take the recent report on St Augustine's, what struck me was that here was a sort of closed community run by nurses: the doctors didn't really come into it. If that is the right way of organising things then the responsi bility has to be put where the work is. If the nurses do 99, of the work in the chronic long-stay sector, providing the care, determining the environment, then shouldn't they be formally allowed responsibility ? Isn't that partly what the whole argument is about ? When you look at the various inquiries in the psych iatric and handicapped long-stay sector in recent years, how many of them were instigated by doctors ? Not many. Surely, a sense of responsibility implies a duty to do something when things go wrong. Appointments of speakers
Noninvasive Determination of Coronary Blood Flow Velocity With Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients After Stent Deployment
Authors: Eike Nagel, Thomas Thouet, Christoph Klein, Simon Schalla, Axel Bornstedt, Bernhard Schnackenburg, Jürgen Hug, Ernst Wellnhofer, Eckart Fleck
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— In patients with coronary artery stents, no direct noninvasive coronary artery imaging is possible with magnetic resonance (MR). A well-established method for the assessment of the functional significance of a coronary lesion is the measurement of coronary flow reserve by invasive intracoronary Doppler. The purpose of the study was to determine coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) with MR after stent deployment. Methods and Results— Thirty-eight patients after successful PTCA and stent deployment were included. CFVR was measured perpendicular to the artery distal to the stent using phase-contrast velocity quantification at rest and during adenosine-stimulated hyperemia with a 1.5T MR tomograph (ACS NT, Philips). Measurements were repeated after 3 months and compared with invasive coronary angiography. In 18 patients, additional invasive Doppler flow measurements were obtained. CFVR could be determined in 29 of 38 (76%) of the patients. After 3 months, significant differences were obtained between coronary arteries with and without restenosis. Using a threshold of 1.2, a sensitivity of 83% with a specificity of 94% was achieved for ≥75% stenoses. CFVR with CMR was similar to Doppler results ( r =0.87), with a mean relative difference of 7.5%. Conclusions— In patients with preserved coronary microcirculating vasoreactivity that are suitable for MR coronary angiography and flow assessments, CMR measures of coronary blood flow velocities reserve may be used to detect in-stent restenosis.
An Address Delivered in the Section of Public Medicine
Authors: T. W. Grimshaw
Journal: BMJ (1879)

gow, De Chaumont, and Arlidge, is one which may well be coveted by the most ambitious.I cannot claim to be much more than an amateur sanitarian, as the department of the profession which I have selected as my vocation is that of practical medicine.I shall do my best not to dim the lustre which has been shed on
Asthma at Age 6 is Associated with an Early and Variable Pattern of Allergic Sensitization in Childhood
Authors: C.J. Tisler, K.A. Roberg, E.L. Anderson, L.E. Salazar, R.A. Grabher, D.F. DaSilva, T.E. Pappas, K. Sullivan Dillie, R.E. Gangnon, M.D. Evans, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Chemoradiotherapy in the Management of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Florence Huguet, Nicolas Girard, Clotilde Séblain-El Guerche, Christophe Hennequin, Françoise Mornex, David Azria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. At time of diagnosis, 30% of patients present with a locally advanced unresectable but nonmetastatic pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC). The French program Standards, Options, and Recommendations was promoted to conduct a qualitative systematic review to evaluate the role of radiotherapy in patients with LAPC. Methods A search to identify eligible studies was undertaken using the MEDLINE database. All phase III randomized trials and systematic reviews evaluating the role of radiotherapy in LAPC were included, together with some noncontrolled studies if no phase III trials were retrieved. The quality and clinical relevance of the studies were evaluated using validated checklists, which allowed associating each result with a level of evidence. Results Twenty-one studies were included, as follows: two meta-analyses, 13 randomized trials, and six nonrandomized trials. Chemoradiotherapy increases overall survival when compared with best supportive care (level of evidence C) or with exclusive radiotherapy (level B1), but is more toxic (level B1). Chemoradiotherapy is not superior to chemotherapy in terms of survival (level B1) and increases toxicity (level A). Recent data favor limited irradiation to the tumor volume (level C). Fluorouracil is still the reference chemotherapy in association with radiotherapy (level B1). Induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy improves survival (level C). Conclusion No standard treatment exists, but there are two options for treatment of LAPC; these are gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Induction chemotherapy followed by a chemoradiotherapy is a promising strategy for selection of patients without early metastatic/progressing disease.
Abstract B10: Overcoming resistance to B-Raf targeting agents using LPD nanotechnology
Authors: Chin-Ying Chung, Yuhua Wang, Wei-Yun Sheng, Yu-Cheng Tseng, Taryn Dick, Leaf Huang, Gavin Robertson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Constitutively active mutant V600EB-RAF is present in 50% to 60% of sporadic melanomas and vemurafenib is a selective inactivating inhibitory drug. While the compound is initially effective in 80% patients, most of the patients eventually developed more invasive resistant disease. Unraveling the mechanisms leading to the development of vemurafenib resistance is key to developing better treatment strategies that can overcome the process and provide patients with more effective treatment options. Here we show that vemurafenib inhibits ERK activity to negatively regulate tumor suppressor Sprouty4 expression to increase Akt3 activity, leading to the development of drug-resistant melanomas. Combining vemurafenib with sigma receptor targeted LPD nanoparticle technology containing Akt3 siRNA and suppressor Sprouty4 plasmid simultaneously inhibit MAPK and Akt3, preventing resistant tumor development in xenografted mice. Our studies have identified a novel mechanism leading to the development of resistant melanoma following vemurafenib treatment and development of a novel melanoma cell targeting nanotechnology-based therapeutic agent for combating the development of resistance.
NOTE ON THE DISTANT EFFECTS OF RIFLE BULLETS; WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SPINAL CORD
Authors: J. S. Bury
Journal: BMJ (1916)

DISTANT EFFFCTB OF UIPLE BULZTS.LAUG. 12, 19I6 frequent stimultion. of the .hypoaestheticaxeas with a strong coil and metal brush, andby stricetlylimiting leave until some improvement is shown.It is not wise to keep them too long in plaster, as they develop a contracture of the opposing muscles.For the sketcles of the hands I am indebted to M. Arony, orderly in the electrical service.A few typical diagrams of the alterations in sensibility have been added.
Neurohormonal activation is associated with left ventricular remodeling in chronic asymptomatic mitral regurgitation and normal left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Min Pu, Laurence M. Demers, Joseph Gascho, Hua Yang, John Boehmer, Benjamin C. Sun, Sanjay M. Mehta, Sanjay M. Mehta, William Davidson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A Correlative Immunologic, Microbiologic and Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Infections in Newborn Infants
Authors: Charles A. Alford, Joanna Schaefer, Willard J. Blankenship, Jon V. Straumfjord, George Cassady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE neonatal diagnoses of infections acquired in utero, natally and postnatally are inherently difficult. Asymptomatic or clinically indistinguishable infections in the pregnant mother can produce conceptal involvements, and, likewise, the resultant neonatal infections may be clinically inapparent.1 , 2 In fact, after congenital rubella, detection of the consequences of fetal damage can be delayed as late as eleven years after delivery in spite of the recognition of maternal illness.3 Even fulminant forms of perinatal infection are often accompanied by indistinctive findings. Clearly, methods adjunctive to clinical means are needed for early detection of infectious diseases in neonates.Normally in pregnancy, the . . .