tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traders' views on sale of cigarettes to children
Authors: D. W. Jones, A. Charlton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Gulf war illness Why it took so long to decide to investigateEditor-As it is now six years since the Gulf war, it is reasonable to ask why the problem of Gulf war syndrome has not been resolved. 1 As surgeon general in 1991-4 I want to comment on the unravelling timetable during these six years.At no time have we denied that Gulf veterans have been ill-indeed, whenever possible we have actively recommended their appropriate medical management.Secondly, despite press reports, we have always kept an open mind on the presence of a specific Gulf war syndrome.The Gulf conflict in 1990-1 itself was short, casualties mercifully few, and the sickness rates unremarkable; likewise, when troops returned to the UK the daily sickness rate did not increase.Also at that stage little evidence existed of psychiatric illness or post-traumatic stress syndrome.Some 18 to 24 months later, however, we became aware of a campaign by lawyers to recognise a specific Gulf illness.Up to 200 people were on their books, but despite widespread appeals for them to come forward, including two television appeals, only 15 approached the armed forces medical services.Not surprisingly, among these 15 no pattern of illness emerged.They were all managed appropriately.As we were keen to solve the problem, in October 1993 we appointed a single consultant physician, Group Captain Coker, to see all such patients.At first only a trickle of patients came forward-even by June 1994 (three and half years later) he had seen only 30 patients.Over the next two years, however, these numbers increased so that by January 1997, 1100 had been registered, 920 had been seen and fully investigated, and results had been completed and analysed in 519.A preliminary paper in the summer of 1996 concluded: "From our small database it would not appear that there is a unique cluster of symptoms which would suggest a new pattern of illness in veterans." 2 There was, however, a higher than normal incidence of psychiatric and stress related illness.A large battery of tests was uniformly performed on all the patients, with further investigations as necessary.Now it has been agreed that full epidemiological studies are to be undertaken into the incidence of ill health among UK Gulf war veterans and into their reproductive health.In answering the criticism that these expensive studies should have been instigated earlier, I have tried to show how difficult it has been to decide exactly when this decision could have been made.Early on there were very few patients and no evidence of a syndrome.At all stages we have liaised with our counterparts in the United States.They embarked a little earlier on similar studies as they had similar results to their investigations but dealt with greater numbers.An important reason for writing this letter is because our armed forces may well be placed in similar alien environments in future and we owe it to them to provide the best medical support, which of course includes planned protective and scientifically justified measures against likely threats to their health.
What Should I Do? Ulcerative Colitis Health Management Guide.
Authors: S P L TRAVIS
Journal: Gut (2000)

What Should I Do? Ulcerative Colitis Health Management Guide. Edited by A Kennedy, D Robinson (Pp 80; illustrated; £12.50) UK: RTFB Publishers, 1999. ISBN 9 781902 983073.

A booklet a little larger than the size of a two column review may seem unimportant. But this is an exception. This publication is for patients with ulcerative colitis and such sources of information should be the concern of gastroenterologists. It has been written by Andrew Robinson, whose self management programme for patients with colitis leads to fewer outpatient visits, more rapid treatment of relapse, and improved patient satisfaction ( Gut 1999; 44 :A12) and Anne Kennedy, a research fellow in primary care. They …
HYDROCHLORIC ACID THERAPY IN RICKETS
Authors: MARTHA R. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During the course of a study on inorganic salt metabolism in dogs and rats which has been in progress in the Department of Pediatrics of the University of California Medical School for the last two years, it has been observed that rickets develops in young puppies on a diet which appears to be adequate in respect to protein, fat, carbohydrate, inorganic salts and vitamins, but possesses a relatively high potential alkalinity. Parallel experiments with rats on the same diets have invariably resulted in normal bone development.  Schabad1and others have shown that in infants with active rickets the distribution of calcium and phosphorus between the urine and the feces is different from that which occurs in normal individuals—there being a much higher proportion of the total excretion lost in the feces of the former than in those of the latter. Experimentally, we have confirmed this, and have furthermore been
DAMPs ramp up drug toxicity
Authors: Jacquelyn J. Maher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The clinical syndrome of acetaminophen-induced liver injury represents the combined result of drug toxicity and a potent innate immune response that follows drug-induced cell death. In this issue of the JCI, Imaeda and colleagues report that DNA released from dying hepatocytes is a key stimulus of innate immune activation in the acetaminophen-treated mouse liver (see the related article beginning on page 305). They present evidence indicating that hepatocyte DNA promotes immune activation by acting as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that stimulates cytokine production in neighboring sinusoidal endothelial cells via Tlr9 and the Nalp3 inflammasome.
Abstract 5354: Nuclear spheres in developmental biology and diagnosis
Authors: Herbert E. Nieburgs
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: The nuclear content of individual spheres with identical luminal diameters in buccal mucosa cells of patients with a malignant neoplasm at a distant site was first described by the author in 1962. Their biologic etiology remains unknown however. Recent studies revealed data on their correlation with nuclear spheres of cancer stem cells in asymmetric division. Materials and Methods: Observation of nuclear micro spheres was made by means of the highest magnification of the light microscope using a 100x objective and 10x ocular with a microscopic tube length of 1.25. The hematoxylin-eosin stain was applied for histological sections and cytological specimens. Buccal mucosa spreads of 145 cases were examined in correlation with cancer stem cells. Nuclear spheres in buccal mucosa cells were compared to those in self-renewal daughter cells of cancer stem cells in asymmetric division. Results: In asymmetric division of cancer stem cells the self-renewal daughter cell nucleus consisted entirely of spheres with identical luminal diameters of 0.33 to 0.5 µm. The other daughter cell was well differentiated with a nucleus devoid of spheres. In the buccal mucosa specimens with a distant malignant neoplasm, the nuclear content of spheres with luminal diameters of &amp;lt; 0.5 µm were noted in 112 of 145 cases with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 86%. The primary tumors were diverse in type and location. Discussion: The scientific literature is silent as to the rationale for nuclear spheres that appear with their identical luminal diameters in the buccal mucosa cells distant from a primary malignant neoplasm and identical to those of self-renewal daughter cells in asymmetric stem cell division. Nuclear spheres in cells distant from the primary tumor may occur as a result of circulating blood DNA or through blood cell migration to the buccal mucosa. The systemic manifestation of nuclear spheres at distant sites from a primary tumor is in keeping with the systemic involvement of cancer described by numerous investigators including the teams led by M. Us-Krasovic and B. Palcic (2005) and D.S. Alberts and P.H. Bartels (2007). The identification of nuclear spheres as a result of an overt or occult cancer offers the potential of a non-invasive cancer test. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5354. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5354
RM-01 * RADIATION INDUCED PRMT5 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY miRNA-96 IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Y. K. Banasavadi-Siddegowda, J. Imitola, R. Baiocchi, B. Kaur
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GB) represent the most common and aggressive histological subtype among malignant gliomas and are associated with poor outcomes. It is composed of multiple types of tumor cells displaying multiple genetic and epigenetic defects affecting tumor suppressor gene expression, regulation of growth and apoptosis. Recurrence is the major concern with the current standard therapy. Protein arginine methyltransferase enzyme 5 (PRMT5), that regulates many cellular processes through its methylation-dependent and independent activity is overexpressed in this disease. We hypothesize that PRMT5 contributes to radioresistance in GB. Using patient derived GB neurosphere models we are probing the role of PRMT5 in inducing radioresistance in GB. METHODS: GB neurospheres dispersed into single cell, were treated with radiation or transfected with specified siRNAs. At appropriate time, cells were collected and probed for mRNA expression by qPCR and protein level by immunblotting. RESULTS: We found that PRMT5 associates with Hsp90 in GB neurospheres and that this binding is essential for PRMT5 stability. In addition to higher levels of baseline expression, radiation treatment increases PRMT5 mRNA level by 2 fold and protein expression by 60%. This increase is independent of its post-translational stability conferred by its association with Hsp90. However radiation treatment decreases miRNA-96 level significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Overxpression of miRNA-96 down regulates the expression of PRMT5 protein. Additionally we found that PRMT5 is important for regulation of HIF1alpha, a transcription factor induced post radiation and known to be involved in radiation resistance. We are currently investigating the implications of PRMT5 inhibition in conjunction with radiation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings we conclude that radiation treatment induced suppression of miRNA-96 causes increased expression of PRMT5. This suggests that increased expression of PRMT5 may contribute for HIF-mediated radioresistance in GB.
Different mechanism of lumen enlargement in lesions with stent underexpansion after balloon angioplasty for in-stent restenosis compared to those with optimal stent expansion: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Farzana Arif, Yoshio Kobayashi, Makoto Hirose, Octavia Balan, Arlene Reyes, Ioannis Iakovou, Milena Adamian, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Alexandra J. Lansky, Issam Moussa, Gregg W. Stone, Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses, Gary S. Mintz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Inhibition of iron toxicity in rat and human hepatocyte cultures by the hydroxypyridin-4-ones CP20 and CP94
Authors: Norchen Chenoufi, Noëlla Hubert, Olivier Loréal, Isabelle Morel, Nicole Pasdeloup, Josiane Cillard, Pierre Brissot, Gérard Lescoat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
The World Trade Center Residents’ Respiratory Health Study: New-Onset Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function
Authors: Joan Reibman, Shao Lin, Syni-An A. Hwang, Mridu Gulati, James A. Bowers, Linda Rogers, Kenneth I. Berger, Anne Hoerning, Marta Gomez, Edward F. Fitzgerald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the community surrounding the former WTC would have an increased incidence of persistent respiratory symptoms and abnormalities in screening spirometry. A hybrid cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study using a symptom-based questionnaire and onsite screening spirometry in residents in an exposed area and in a control area was performed 12 +/- 4 months after the collapse. Surveys were analyzed from 2,812 residents. New-onset respiratory symptoms were described by 55.8% of residents in the exposed area, compared with 20.1% in the control area after the event. Persistent new-onset symptoms were identified in 26.4 versus 7.5% of residents in the exposed area versus control area, respectively. No differences in screening spirometry between the groups were detected. A small pilot study suggested the possibility of an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness in exposed participants with persistent symptoms. The data demonstrate an increased rate of new-onset and persistent respiratory health effects in residents near the former WTC compared with a control population.
Handling complaints poorly makes problems worse, says NHS ombudsman
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS needs to learn to say sorry when mistakes are made, says the health service ombudsman for England.

The ombudsman’s first report under the new complaint handling system for the NHS emphasises that poor complaint handling can make a difficult situation worse for patients and their families. It also concludes that poorly handled complaints can escalate, creating unnecessary demands on NHS resources.

The ombudsman, Ann Abraham, said, “When things do go wrong an apology can be a powerful remedy: simple to deliver and costing nothing. If a mistake is not in dispute, the ombudsman’s input should not be necessary to ensure the NHS takes responsibility for the error. Too often it …
Cancer of the uterus from gross appearances to ultrastructure
Authors: Milton G. Bohrod
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book is a study of the microscopic anatomy of the uterus and of carcinoma of the uterus from cytology through electron miscroscopy. Practically every method is listed in detail. Each test and each stain used is described. There is no need for the physician interested in this disease to go outside the confines of this book in order to find out how to repeat any of the observations. Where alternate methods are available, all of them are given. There are, for instance, nine methods described for judging the radio-curability of cancer of the ectocervix by histological means. Unfortunately, the author has not always examined the different methods critically and the reader will have to try them all to judge which is the best. There is a remarkable and unique section on the electron microscopy of the uterus and of uterine cancer, with observations that hitherto are only scattered through
Early stage follicular lymphoma: what is the clinical impact of the first-line treatment strategy?
Authors: Anne-Sophie AS Michallet, Laure L Lebras, Deborah D Bauwens, Fadhela F Bouafia-Sauvy, Françoise F Berger, Christelle C Tychyj-Pinel, Anne A D’Hombres, Gilles G Salles, Bertrand B Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2013)

Less than 20% of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) present with Ann Arbor Stage I or II disease at diagnosis. Numerous therapeutic options exist, however radiation therapy is considered the standard of care for early-stage disease based on single-institution or retrospective series. Our aim was to revisit the outcome of patients with localized FL in the rituximab era.We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of 145 early-stage FL patients, who were retrospectively divided into six groups according to their initial treatment: watchful waiting (WW), chemotherapy alone (CT), radiotherapy alone (RT), combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RT-CT), rituximab alone (Ri), and immunochemotherapy (Ri-CT).Of the 145 patients, 84 (57.9%) had stage I disease and 61 (42.1%) stage II. The complete response (CR) rate varied from 57% for the Ri group to 95% for the RT-CT group. Overall survival (OS) at 7.5 y of patients treated after 2000 was better than that of those treated prior to 2000. OS did not significantly differ from one treatment to another. In contrast, a significant difference was found for progression-free survival (PFS) at 7.5 y, which favored Ri-CT (60%) therapy versus the others (p=0.00135).Delayed therapy initiation was associated with a similar OS than that observed in patients receiving immediate intervention. The "watchful waiting" strategy may thus be proposed as first-line therapy, similar to stage III and IV FL patients with a low tumor burden. However, when treatment is required, immunochemotherapy appears to be the best option.
Intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to a G‐CSF‐Secreting lung sarcoma
Authors: Fabrice Jardin, Marc Vasse, Marc Debled, Stéphane Dominique, Philippe Courville, Françoise Callonnec, Gérard Buchonnet, Luc Thiberville, Hervé Tilly
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract A white blood cell count more than 50 × 10 9 /l, not related to bone marrow involvement, is termed leukemoid reaction. We report on the first case of an undifferentiated sarcoma of the lung associated with an intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to the production of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). A radiography and a computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a well‐limited voluminous and heterogeneous low‐density mass of the left lung. The patient died of multiorgan failure related to uncontrolled progressive tumor growth after admission and two cycles of chemotherapy. The patient's G‐CSF serum concentration was dramatically elevated (6,538 pg/ml) compared to serum levels observed in normal controls and patients with elevated leukocytosis (31 and 387 pg/ml, respectively). The G‐CSF concentration dramatically increased after the first cycle of chemotherapy and during the subsequent neutropenia, as a result of the tumor lyses as well as of disruption of the physiological negative feedback mechanism. Adjunction of the patient's serum to CD34+ cell cultures induced a 12.3‐fold increase in CD15+ cells, demonstrating the serum's capacity to induce myeloid differentiation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:243–245, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS AT ANOKA (MINNESOTA) STATE HOSPITAL, 1934-1941
Authors: WALTER P. GARDNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

1. The importance of the annual examination of all patients resident in a psychiatric hospital rather than only those with known reinfection tuberculosis has been emphasized by the comparison of the status of a large group of patients in 1935 with their status in 1940. 2. As a result of experience with the examination of gastric lavage specimens, this procedure is found to be a useful addition to methods for the identification and control of pulmonary tuberculosis among mentally ill patients. 3. The value of the 35 mm. fluorogram for finding otherwise unrecognized cases of reinfection pulmonary tuberculosis was shown by this fluorogram and large film comparison to be very significant. 4. It is felt that by following the above suggestions for the control of reinfection pulmonary tuberculosis in psychiatric hospitals, the disease may be kept at or near an irreducible minimum.
Degradation of biomaterials by phagocyte-derived oxidants.
Authors: K Sutherland, J R Mahoney, A J Coury, J W Eaton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Polymers used in implantable devices, although relatively unreactive, may degrade in vivo through unknown mechanisms. For example, polyetherurethane elastomers used as cardiac pacemaker lead insulation have developed surface defects after implantation. This phenomenon, termed "environmental stress cracking," requires intimate contact between polymer and host phagocytic cells, suggesting that phagocyte-generated oxidants might be involved. Indeed, brief exposure of polyetherurethane to activated human neutrophils, hypochlorous acid, or peroxynitrite produces modifications of the polymer similar to those found in vivo. Damage to the polymer appears to arise predominantly from oxidation of the urethane-aliphatic ester and aliphatic ether groups. There are substantial increases in the solid phase surface oxygen content of samples treated with hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite or activated human neutrophils, resembling those observed in explanted polyetherurethane. Furthermore, both explanted and hypochlorous acid-treated polyetherurethane show marked reductions in polymer molecular weight. Interestingly, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite appear to attack polyetherurethane at different sites. Hypochlorous acid or activated neutrophils cause decreases in the urethane-aliphatic ester stretch peak relative to the aliphatic ether stretch peak (as determined by infrared spectroscopy) whereas peroxynitrite causes selective loss of the aliphatic ether. In vivo degradation may involve both hypohalous and nitric oxide-based oxidants because, after long-term implantation, both stretch peaks are diminished. These results suggest that in vivo destruction of implanted polyetherurethane involves attack by phagocyte-derived oxidants.
LPAM (α4β7 integrin) is an important homing integrin on alloreactive T cells in the development of intestinal graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Aleksandra Petrovic, Onder Alpdogan, Lucy M. Willis, Jeffrey M. Eng, Andrew S. Greenberg, Barry J. Kappel, Chen Liu, George J. Murphy, Glenn Heller, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2003)
Tc-99m MIBI Accumulation in Myositis Ossificans
Authors: ALI SARIKAYA, HAKAN GÜRBÜZ, T. FIKRET CERMIK, GÖKHAN PEKINDIL, HALIM DEMIRAL, F GÜL GÜMÜSER, NERMIN ERKMEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 52-year-old man who had a history of trauma after a fall 8 years before reported pain in the right knee for 5 or 6 weeks. Roentgenographs and three-phase bone scintigraphy were performed 1 month earlier and myositis ossificans was suspected. Because the patient had continuous knee pain, a Tc-99m MIBI scan was performed to evaluate a possible tumor in the right knee. This scan showed increased accumulation in the knee area 15 minutes after intravenous injection (15 mCi). Pathologic examination of the lesion revealed myositis ossificans.
A Championship Quiz on Sports-Related Dermatoses
Authors: Walter H. C. Burgdorf, Leonard J. Hoenig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal