tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoxaemia during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: A. L. Muir, I. A. Davidson
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Blood oxygenation was studied in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass using the Rygg-Kyvsgaard bubble oxygenator. Oxygenation was satisfactory in perfusions carried out at normothermia and during hypothermia. During the rewarming phase of hypothermic perfusions hypoxaemia occurred. This could be prevented by a ganglion blocking agent (trimetaphan) given during the cooling phase.
Noninvasive Imaging of ex Vivo Intracoronarily Delivered Nonviral Therapeutic Transgene Expression in Heart
Authors: Luyi Sen, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Hiroshi Furukawa, David B. Stout, Allison Linh Lam, Hillel Laks, Guanggen Cui
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We developed a clinically applicable approach for noninvasive monitoring of reporter–therapeutic linked gene expression in the whole heart of large animals using PET imaging and further validated the efficacy and cardiac adverse effects of reporter–therapeutic linked gene transfer in a rabbit cervical heterotopic functional heart transplant model. Cationic liposome complexed with a vector containing a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) as the reporter gene and a recombinant human immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10 (hIL-10), as the therapeutic gene was ex vivo intracoronarily delivered into cardiac allografts before implantation. Long-term HSV1-sr39tk and hIL-10 transgene and protein overexpression associated with myocardial PET reporter probe 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG) accumulation was observed in the allografts. The expression of the HSV1-sr39tk gene was significantly correlated with the hIL-10 gene expression and the total myocardial[18F]FHBG accumulation quantified as a percentage of intravenously injected[18F]FHBG dose. A homogeneous distribution of[18F]FHBG accumulation was seen in the whole heart similar to the distribution of[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, a PET glucose metabolism probe. The immunosuppressive therapeutic efficacy remained the same in allografts treated with reporter–therapeutic linked gene and therapeutic gene only. No cardiac adverse effect was found. Our results demonstrate for the first time that PET reporter–therapeutic linked gene imaging is applicable for noninvasively monitoring ex vivo intracoronarily delivered therapeutic transgene expression in the whole heart.
PWE-003 Vasopressin contracts human isolated stomach muscle: possible role in nausea?
Authors: J Broad, P L Andrews, G J Sanger
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Circulating levels of vasopressin are raised in association with nausea in humans and in species with an emetic reflex, whereas in rats exposed to emetic stimuli, levels of oxytocin but not vasopressin are raised.<sup>1</sup> One hypothesis is that vasopressin acts in the upper gut to help signal nausea, but in animals the concentrations which contract stomach muscle are usually higher than the concentrations measured in human plasma during nausea (around 10–200 pM). However, extreme species variations in gastric functions and genetics<sup>2</sup> means that studies must now be conducted with human stomach. <h3>Methods</h3> Human stomach was obtained at surgery following informed consent. After removing the mucosa, strips were cut parallel to the circular muscle and suspended between ring electrodes in tissue baths for isometric recording (Kreb9s; 5% CO<sub>2</sub> in O<sub>2</sub>; 37°C; 2 g tension). Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied at 5 Hz (0.5 ms pulse width, 50 V, 10 s) every 1 min, for sub-maximal responses. N = number of patients. All drugs were added non-cumulatively. <h3>Results</h3> In the gastric antrum, EFS-evoked contractions were prevented by 1 μM tetrodotoxin (n=3), attenuated by atropine 1 μM (n=3) and facilitated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME 0.3 mM (by 11±7% n=14). Vasopressin (100 pM–100 nM) caused a concentration-dependent increase in baseline muscle tension of 230±68 mg, EC<sub>50</sub>=1.2 nM, corresponding to a contraction equivalent to 226±118% of the EFS-evoked contraction (n=1–4 each concentration). However, there was no change in the magnitude of the contractions to EFS (+14±12% change at 100 nM). Elevated muscle tension persisted for &gt;30 min in continued presence of the hormone (100 nM, n=4). In preliminary experiments with gastric fundus, only 100 nM vasopressin has been studied, being found to act similarly (an increase of 128 and 38 mg; n=2). Interestingly, oxytocin (100 nM) also increased baseline muscle tension in the antrum (by 164±64 mg, corresponding to an increase of 41±11% EFS; n=3), persisting for &gt;30 min without affecting the magnitude of EFS evoked contractions (+13±4% change; n=3). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Here we have shown for the first time that vasopressin and oxytocin have direct contractile effects on human isolated stomach muscle. The effective concentrations of vasopressin are within the range induced by nausea in humans. This indicates a potential direct role of vasopressin in signalling the induction of nausea in humans. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Stern RM</b>, Koch KL, Andrews PL. <i>Nausea: Mechanisms and Management</i>. Oxford Univ Press, 2011. 2. <b>Sanger GJ</b>, Holbrook JD, Andrews PL. The translational value of rodent gastrointestinal functions: a cautionary tale. <i>Trends Pharmacological Sci</i> 2011;<b>32</b>:402–9.
The activating protein 1 transcription factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like (BATF), regulates lymphocyte- and mast cell–driven immune responses in the setting of allergic asthma
Authors: Caroline Übel, Nina Sopel, Anna Graser, Kai Hildner, Cornelia Reinhardt, Theodor Zimmermann, Ralf Joachim Rieker, Anja Maier, Markus F. Neurath, Kenneth M. Murphy, Susetta Finotto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations in functional bowel disorders.
Authors: D M Preston, T E Adrian, N D Christofides, J E Lennard-Jones, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1985)

Motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin blood concentrations in response to drinking water have been studied in 40 patients with functional bowel disease and compared with results in two groups of healthy control subjects. Patients with slow transit constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed impaired motilin release. Pancreatic polypeptide release was reduced in patients with slow transit constipation, but increased in those with functional diarrhoea. Gastrin release was impaired in all groups complaining of chronic constipation. Circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations appear to bear some relationship to intestinal transit time in patients with functional bowel disorders.
Demonstration of a False-positive Lesion on lndium-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy in a Case of Active Crohn??s Disease
Authors: MARGARET DICKERSON, AMJAD ALI, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Increased fecal excretion of ln-111 tagged leukocytes in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease may lead to a false-positive site of disease in patients with a diverting colostomy or ileostomy and fecal collection bags that overlie the abdominal wall or groin region.
CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF ZOFENOPRIL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SMILE PROGRAM
Authors: Claudio Borghi, Ettore Ambrosioni, Stefano Omboni, Giorgio Reggiardo, Dario Zava, Stefano Bacchelli, Daniela Degli Esposti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A duodenal mucosal abnormality in the reduction of Fe(III) in patients with genetic haemochromatosis.
Authors: K B Raja, D Pountney, A Bomford, R Przemioslo, D Sherman, R J Simpson, R Williams, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND--Previous in vitro studies have shown that the uptake of Fe(III) by freshly isolated duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens is increased in patients with genetic haemochromatosis. Moreover, in the mouse it has recently been found that reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) is a prerequisite for iron uptake by the proximal intestine. AIMS/METHODS--This study used the in vitro technique to investigate the rates of reduction and uptake of 59Fe(III) by duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens obtained at endoscopy from treated and untreated patients with genetic haemochromatosis. RESULTS--The rate of reduction of iron in the medium was proportional to the incubation time and was not caused by the release of reducing factors from the tissue fragments. Ferrozine, a specific Fe(II) chelator and ferricyanide, a non-permeable oxidising agent, inhibited uptake of 59Fe showing that reduction of Fe(III) precedes uptake. The rates (all values given as pmol/mg/min) of reduction (152 (49) v 92 (23)) and uptake (8.3 (4.0) v 3.6 (1.3), mean (SD)), were significantly increased in biopsy specimens from the untreated group (n = 6) compared with those from 10 control subjects (p &lt; 0.04). Furthermore, the reduction and uptake rates were still increased in five patients in whom iron stores were normal after venesection treatment. CONCLUSIONS--These results show that there is a persistent abnormality in the reduction and uptake of iron by the intestine in genetic haemochromatosis.
Radioactive iodine therapy: effect on functioning metastases of adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: S. M. Seidlin, L. D. Marinelli, E. Oshry
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1990)

A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the thyroid is reported in which treatment by means of radioactive iodine has been successful. The patient was completely thyroidectomized for "malignant adenoma" in 1923, with neither thyrotoxicosis then nor hypothyroidism postoperatively; 15 years later there developed classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism and severe pain in the lower back. In October 1939 a pulsating tumor removed from the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra proved to be metastatic thyroid adenocarcinoma (histologically well differentiated, with small follicles and colloid). In the next two years hyperthyroidism increased and roentgenograms revealed new metastases in the lungs, upper part of the right femur, second rib on the left side, left ilium, and skull. Roentgenologic irradiation of the metastases proved ineffectual. In March 1943 a tracer dose of radioactive iodine revealed iodine retention by all the known lesions and no evidence of residual thyroid tissue in the neck. Therapeutic amounts of radioactive iodine were administered orally between May and October 1943. Definite and lasting clinical improvement followed. In April 1944 and March 1945 additional I* was administered with a resultant disappearance of pain, increase in weight, and progressive change in all clinical criteria in the direction of hypothyroidism. Roentgenographic evidence pointed to an arrest if not a regression of the disease. No untoward effects followed this therapy. Radioactive iodine seems to be an effective therapeutic agent in the control of this type of tumor.
Broad-spectrum caspase inhibition paradoxically augments cell death in TNF-α–stimulated neutrophils
Authors: Chien-Ying Liu, Akihiro Takemasa, W. Conrad Liles, Richard B. Goodman, Mechthild Jonas, Henry Rosen, Emil Chi, Robert K. Winn, John M. Harlan, Peter I. Chuang
Journal: Blood (2002)
Intensity of Testing and Invasive Procedures
Authors: John R. Crouse
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent provocative articles dealing with the association between diagnostic testing and therapeutic interventions<sup>1-3</sup>highlight an issue of urgent importance that was discussed in each of these communications: although it is clear that diagnostic testing determines further procedures, it is unclear whether "more" or "less" diagnostic testing has a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio. It is obvious in the case of coronary angiography, for instance, that the procedure itself carries a definable risk, as does coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The long-term efficacy of bypass surgery, angioplasty, or both, for prolonging life is clear under only certain, very limited circumstances. It may be satisfactory to await an individual's first myocardial infarction (MI) before performing cardiac catheterization (unless, of course, the first infarct results in sudden death). A meaningful answer to this and related questions can ultimately be obtained only through a randomized clinical trial. We have found a
Electroencephalographic Study of Children Immunized against Measles with Live Attenuated Virus Vaccine
Authors: Frederic A. Gibbs, Erna L. Gibbs, Ira M. Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE recent development by Enders and his colleagues1 of an attenuated strain of measles virus suitable for vaccination indicates that one may be on the immediate threshold of an era in which the general population will be freed from the significant morbidity and mortality resulting from measles.Katz, Enders and Holloway,2 Kempe et al.,3 Black and Sheridan,4 Lepow, Gray and Robbins,5 Krugman, Giles and Jacobs,6 Haggerty and his associates,7 , 8 Stokes and his co-workers9 and Schwarz and his colleagues10 , 11 have demonstrated that vaccination with the attenuated virus induces a high degree of protection against natural measles. The characteristics of the attenuated . . .
Acute Hypotension From Thioridazine
Authors: B. B. Kumar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 57-year-old man received 100 mg of thioridazine orally on two different occasions for maladaptive behavior. Within two hours of the administration of this drug, he was noted to have transitory unconsciousness associated with hypotension. The patient made an uneventful recovery with simple supportive measures. The laboratory studies were unremarkable. The patient was not receiving any other drugs at this time. Hypotension from thioridazine is mentioned in the manufacturer's literature, but occurrence of the reaction with such relatively low doses is probably not common.
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Murielle Bochud, Idris Guessous, Pascal Bovet
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced efficacy of recombinant FVIII in noncovalent complex with PEGylated liposome in hemophilia A mice
Authors: Junliang Pan, Tongyao Liu, Ji-Yun Kim, Daguang Zhu, Chandra Patel, Zhi-Hua Cui, Xin Zhang, James O. Newgren, Aaron Reames, Dodie Canivel, Gary Jesmok, Glenn F. Pierce, Jurg M. Sommer, Haiyan Jiang
Journal: Blood (2009)
Genes of the Pseudoviridae (Ty1/copia Retrotransposons)
Authors: Brooke D. Peterson-Burch, Daniel F. Voytas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A comprehensive survey of the Pseudoviridae (Ty1/copia) retroelement family was conducted using the GenBank sequence database and completed genome sequences of several model organisms. Plant genomes were the most abundant sources of Pseudoviridae, with the Arabidopsis thaliana genome having 276 distinct elements. A reverse transcriptase amino acid sequence phylogeny indicated that the Pseudoviridae comprises highly divergent members. Coding sequences for a representative subset of elements were analyzed to identify conserved domains and differences that may underlie functional divergence. With the exception of some fungal elements (e.g., Ty1), most Pseudoviridae encode Gag and Pol on a single open reading frame. In addition to the nearly ubiquitous RNA-binding motif of nucleocapsid, three new conserved domains were identified in Gag. pol-encoded aspartic protease was similar to the retroviral enzyme and could be mapped onto the HIV-1 structure. Pol was highly conserved throughout the family. The greatest divergence among Pol sequences was seen in the C-terminus of integrase (IN). We defined a large motif (GKGY) after the IN catalytic domain that is unique to the Pseudoviridae. Additionally, the extreme C-terminus of IN is rich in simple sequence motifs. A distinct lineage of Pseudoviridae in plants have envlike genes. This lineage has undergone a large expansion of Gag characterized by an alpha-helix-rich domain containing coiled-coil motifs. In several elements, this domain is flanked on both sides by RNA-binding domains. We propose that this monophyletic lineage defines a new Pseudoviridae genus, herein referred to as the AGROVIRUS:
Evidence for Synergy Between α <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic and Nonadrenergic Mechanisms in Central Blood Pressure Regulation
Authors: Véronique Bruban, Vanessa Estato, Stephan Schann, Jean-Daniel Ehrhardt, Laurent Monassier, Pierre Renard, Elizabeth Scalbert, Josiane Feldman, Pascal Bousquet
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Both α 2 -adrenergic and non–α 2 -adrenergic mechanisms seem to be involved in the hypotensive effect of imidazoline-like drugs. This study aimed at investigating how these 2 mechanisms work together to modify blood pressure (BP). Methods and Results — LNP 509, which appeared in this study to be devoid of α 2A -adrenergic activity, was administered to anesthetized rabbits and wild-type (WT) mice into the cisterna magna and into the fourth ventricle, respectively. Mean arterial pressure decreased by a maximum of 46±4% and 16±2%, respectively. In D79N mice, which lack functional α 2A -adrenergic receptors, LNP 509 also reduced mean arterial pressure by 17±2%. The hypotension induced by LNP 509 (100 μg/kg intracisternally) was prevented by S23757 (1 mg/kg intracisternally), an antagonist highly selective for I 1 -imidazoline binding sites (I 1 BS). A synergy between LNP 509 and the α 2 -adrenergic agonist α-methylnoradrenaline (α-MNA) was observed in rabbits (cisterna magna injection) and in WT mice (fourth ventricle injection) but not, as expected, in D79N mice. Similar to LNP 509 alone, rilmenidine (fourth ventricle injection), which binds both to α 2 -adrenergic receptors and to I 1 BS, decreased BP in D79N mice. In WT animals, rilmenidine had a significantly greater effect. Microinjections performed in rabbits showed that the synergism occurred at least in part in the nucleus reticularis lateralis of the brain stem. Conclusions — These results demonstrate that a central imidazoline-sensitive, but non–α 2 -adrenergic, mechanism can modify BP by itself. This mechanism, which may involve I 1 BS, interacts synergistically with an α 2 -adrenergic mechanism to decrease BP.
TONSIL-SUCTION FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: F. C. Eve
Journal: BMJ (1928)

punctuie hiole thrjs made is covered with a piece of gauze about the size of two postage stamips.Tlle gauze and tl-he eyst wall are then picked up with a pair of slpnge-holding forceps (Fig. 2).The gauwe miniminzes leakage and pre- vents tlhe foirceps slipping.Grent,le tr action inay be made witlh the forceps at first in this direction and then in tlat, and the cy,st wall is cleared by gauze and bluint dissectioni, aided here antd there by a few touches of the scalpel.As dissectioni proceeds and the deep parts of the cyst are reached it will be found convenient to apply a second pail, of sponge-holding forceps.Using tlhese m-e'anis the intact cyst may be completely enucleated.
The Operative Note: Collected Editorials
Authors: William W. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Who in a normal state of mind would read a collection of plastic surgery editorials any more than a collection of Sunday sermons or monthly auto club messages? On a bright California Sunday afternoon by the poolside, I skeptically started reading Dr Goldwyn's delightful collection and did not put it down until the end, more than 200 pages later. Since 1979 Dr Goldwyn has been the editor of the most influential plastic surgery journal,<i>Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery</i>, known affectionately as<i>PRS</i>. As a respected practicing surgeon, editor, teacher, and writer, he has written thoughtful and eloquent editorials that have become the conscience and the voice of plastic surgeons worldwide. This small, portable book contains 79 of them in five sections: "Who We Are, Were, or Will Be," "What We Do," "How Some of Us Try to Make a Living," "Health Care and the World Around Us," and "What We
Inhibition of leucocyte motility by drugs used in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: J M Rhodes, T C Bartholomew, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1981)

The effects on leucocyte motility of sulphasalazine (Salazopyrin) and its metabolites sulphapyridine and 5 amino-salicylic acid have been compared with those of prednisolone and indomethacin. Sulphasalazine, its active metabolite 5 amino-salicylic acid, and prednisolone are all potent inhibitors of leucocyte motility. Sulphapyridine and indomethacin are non-inhibitory. Inhibition of leucocyte motility may explain why sulphasalazine and 5 amino-salicylic acid are effective in ulcerative colitis while sulphapyridine is not. The lack of effect of indomethacin suggests that this action of sulphasalazine does not involve inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Primary Reading Epilepsy
Authors: Frank B. Norbury
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PATIENTS with convulsive disorders are often aware of the circumstances which precipitate their seizures, but these precipitating factors have only recently been studied systematically. Bickford and others<sup>1</sup>in 1956 reported on a group of patients whose seizures were precipitated by reading. Since that time there have been 24 cases of reading epilepsy reported from various parts of the world. These have been reviewed recently by Critchley and others<sup>2</sup>and by Lasater.<sup>3</sup>The clinical picture in these cases is remarkably similar. The condition usually occurs in young adults, often students. Grand mal seizures are provoked by the act of reading, and this phenomenon produces educational and occupational handicaps. Bickford divided the cases of reading epilepsy into primary and secondary types. The primary cases form a distinct group. The patient has convulsive seizures only when reading. There is often a prodromal sensation of movement or clicking of the jaws