tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Selection of Medical Students-Reply
Authors: Richard A. DeVaul
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Mr Shepard's interest in our article and are in complete accord with his concern for selection of candidates who will be both competent and compassionate physicians. The use of statistical analysis in an area so subjective as the selection of medical students may appear to obfuscate. Our purpose was simply to establish that the students who were initially rejected were a different population from those who were initially accepted at Houston and at other medical schools. Conversely, we deemed it important to establish that there were no differences between groups at the conclusion of the formal curriculum. It was not our intent to condemn the interview as a part of the selection process. We have not suggested that there is an either-or dichotomy in choosing between academic credentials and impressions gained by a personal interview. We have seen, and we continue to see, the importance of
Rapid attenuation ("fade") of the chronotropic response during vagal stimulation in the canine newborn. Evidence for a prominent neuropeptide Y effect.
Authors: S Yamasaki, A Stolfi, M S Mas, L S Fox, A S Pickoff
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We studied the time-dependent changes in the response of heart rate (sinus cycle length) to 30-second trains of vagal stimulation (8 Hz), repeated every 2 minutes, in canine neonates aged 7.1 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD) days. The first vagal train prolonged the sinus cycle length by 58 +/- 35%, but the response was attenuated during subsequent trains (98 +/- 5% inhibition of the vagal response after only 6.4 +/- 1.7 trains). After 40 minutes, complete restoration of the chronotropic response could be demonstrated. Receptor desensitization could be excluded as the reason for the attenuation by demonstrating preserved responses to exogenous acetylcholine. Neuropeptide Y, a sympathetic cotransmitter that has been shown to attenuate parasympathetic responses (thought to be the result of inhibition of the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve terminals), was administered (50 micrograms/kg) to eight newborns. Exogenous neuropeptide Y resulted in a complete inhibition of the chronotropic response to vagal stimulation, with restoration of the chronotropic response occurring after 60 minutes. Thus, exogenous neuropeptide Y mimicked the effect of repetitive vagosympathetic trunk stimulation; this finding suggested that neuropeptide Y release from sympathetic nerves during repetitive vagosympathetic trunk stimulation may have resulted in the observed attenuation of the vagal chronotropic response. To test this hypothesis, seven other newborns underwent chemical sympathectomy (50 mg/kg i.p. 6-hydroxydopamine for 3 days, tyramine verified), and in these newborns, stable chronotropic responses to repetitive vagosympathetic trunk stimulation were observed (inhibition of vagal response was 0 +/- 18% after 10 stimulus trains).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood Coagulation After a Fat Meal
Authors: RATKO BUZINA, ANCEL KEYS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The influence of meals on the coagulability of blood was studied in experiments on 20 men with parallel nonfed controls. The whole blood clotting time in siliconized tubes was not altered by a low-fat meal or by continued absence of a meal, but it was significantly shortened after a meal containing 100 Gm. of butterfat. The degree of lipemia did not determine the degree of shortening. There was no important effect on prothrombin time of the fatty meal as contrasted with the nonfatty meal or with no meal. Heparin tolerance results were difficult to interpret.
Report warns of long waits for UK audiology services and treatment by non-specialists
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A report from the Royal College of Physicians criticises the audiological and audiovestibular care provided by the NHS in the United Kingdom, and it calls for more integrated services and the rapid training of more specialists.

Waiting times for audiology services can be long, despite recent improvements, and patients are often treated by specialists in other disciplines, particularly by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists, the report has found. The NHS does not track waiting times for many audiological treatments, but the most recent data, from December 2006, showed 166 740 patients awaiting audiology assessments, with roughly two thirds waiting more than 13 …
Comparison of omeprazole and cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis: symptomatic, endoscopic, and histological evaluations.
Authors: C M Bate, P W Keeling, C O'Morain, S P Wilkinson, D N Foster, R A Mountford, J M Temperley, R F Harvey, D G Thompson, M Davis
Journal: Gut (1990)

Symptomatic patients with endoscopically verified reflux oesophagitis were randomised to a double blind trial in which they received either omeprazole (20 mg once daily) or cimetidine (400 mg four times daily) for four, and if necessary, eight weeks. In an 'intention to treat' analysis, oesophagitis was found to have healed after four weeks in 77 of 137 (56%) in the omeprazole group and in 34 of 133 (26%) in the cimetidine group (p less than 0.001). By eight weeks these values were 71% and 35% respectively; p less than 0.001. Histological assessments were available for 73% of the patients. At entry, 63% (66 of 104) in the omeprazole group and 60% (56 of 94) in the cimetidine group (ns) had abnormal histology. After the study, the proportions of patients who initially had had abnormal histology but who then progressed to normal were 67% (44 of 66: omeprazole) and 48% (27 of 56: cimetidine) respectively (p less than 0.001). All patients had reflux symptoms at entry. After four weeks, 46% in the omeprazole group and 22% (p less than 0.001) in the cimetidine group were asymptomatic. Diary cards completed for the first two weeks showed that patients treated with omeprazole experienced fewer reflux symptoms by day and night and used fewer antacids. Omeprazole, 20 mg once a day for four to eight weeks, healed a greater proportion of patients with reflux oesophagitis than cimetidine, 1.6 g per day, assessed endoscopically and histologically, and relieved more patients' symptoms.
Ludwig's Angina
Authors: Jon Heavey, Naren Gupta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 58-year-old healthy man was evaluated for a toothache of 2 days' duration. He was treated with oral penicillin and an opiate analgesic and advised to have the affected teeth pulled. He returned less than 24 hours later reporting severe swelling in the neck, sore throat, chills, and chest pain. On examination, the floor of his oral cavity was indurated and woody, and he had marked tenderness and adenopathy throughout his neck. He had erythema spreading from his neck down over his anterior chest wall where his chest pain was localized (Panels A and B). He did not have appreciable . . .
John M Tomlinson
Authors: P. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

John M Tomlinson was born and educated in Chester. After house jobs at the Middlesex Hospital, the Central Middlesex Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Children’s Hospital, and the Mother’s Hospital London he joined a general practice in his hometown in 1961. He was unable to institute all the changes he would have liked in the practice, and so he and his family left Chester for Alton in 1969.

He joined Walter Larcombe, a GP close to retirement who, noting John’s energy and enthusiasm, gave him the freedom to reorganise the practice. Alton had a GP maternity unit, GP beds in the Alton General Hospital, and the possibility of building one of the new health centres. John negotiated with the local authority, and with the cooperation of the other GPs a new health centre was opened in 1974. There was accommodation for GPs and for consultants coming from Basingstoke Hospital to do outpatients, an enriching experience for the GPs and an advantage for Alton patients. This was part of a pioneering movement …
Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Infectious Hepatitis, Acute Hemolysis, and Renal Failure
Authors: S. M. PHILLIPS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

An episode of acute hemolysis complicating infectious hepatitis in a patient with documented glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was predicted. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of transient renal failure, consisting of fluid solute diuresis, prevented any permanent recognizable changes in renal function. The value of a quantitative G6PD test is emphasized. Various aspects of G6PD-associated hemolysis and the mechanism of renal insult are discussed.
Modern Considerations of Major Hand Infections
Authors: J. Edward Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

LYMPHANGITIS, deep-fascial-space abscess and acute suppurative tenosynovitis are the major infections of the hand. Usually, one of these conditions exists in a single patient. However, on rare occasions, more than one may occur simultaneously. A knowledge of the anatomy involved is basic for a proper understanding of the clinical aspects and treatment of each of these entities.LymphangitisLymphangitis may be defined as an acute inflammatory process of the lymphatic vessels. There are two types of lymphangitis of the upper extremity, superficial and deep. The former involves the superficial vessels that arise in the skin. The collecting trunks of superficial . . .
Abstract 4695: Predictive role of FDG PET-CT in monitoring locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) during preoperative radiochemotherapy with an experimental bevacizumab schedule.
Authors: Antonio Avallone, Paolo Delrio, Biagio Pecori, Fabiana Tatangelo, Elena Di Gennaro, Antonella Petrillo, Vincenzo Rosario Iaffaioli, Alessandra Leone, Corradina caracò, Alfredo Budillon, Secondo Lastoria, Luigi Aloj
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objectives : We have shown that pathological regression of LARC and relapse free survival can be predicted by early changes in FDG uptake during preoperative radiochemotherapy. We have attempted to improve efficacy of our neo-adjuvant treatment by adding an experimental bevacizumab (BEV) schedule. FDG PETCT was utilized to monitor response and correlate with pathological outcome. Methods : Forty six patients with poor prognosis LARC received 3 biweekly courses of oxaliplatin/ raltitrexed (day 1) and FU/ folinic acid (day 2) during pelvic RT (45 Gy). BEV (5 mg/kg) was administered on day -4 for the first 2 courses. PET-CT was performed at baseline, on day 12 and prior to surgery and lesion TLG (mean SUV x volume) values determined. Pathologic response was defined using a modified Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) scale. Responders were defined as TRG1-2, non-responders as TRG3-4. Results : Thirty-seven patients (80%) showed pathologic response (65% with previous scheme). Eight patients (17%, previously 35%) were non-responders. Responders showed significantly higher TLG reduction on day 12 PET-CT (median -72% range -90%+31%) compared to non-responders (TRG3-4, median -38%, range -45% +25%, p &amp;lt; 0.05), confirming previous findings. Preoperative PET-CT studies, on the other hand, were not predictive of pathologic response (responders TLG change median -92%, range -100% +4%, non-responders median 86%, range -94%-76%, p = ns). Ongoing studies to define a correlation between FDG uptake and biomarkers of angiogenesis such as Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) will be presented. Conclusions : Our findings indicate that the current scheme significantly increases pathologic response. PET-CT confirms to be a powerful early surrogate marker of treatment efficacy. PET-CT may be used to tailor more aggressive treatment for non-responsive patient Citation Format: Antonio Avallone, Paolo Delrio, Biagio Pecori, Fabiana Tatangelo, Elena Di Gennaro, Antonella Petrillo, Vincenzo Rosario Iaffaioli, Alessandra Leone, Corradina caracò, Alfredo Budillon, Secondo Lastoria, Luigi Aloj. Predictive role of FDG PET-CT in monitoring locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) during preoperative radiochemotherapy with an experimental bevacizumab schedule. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4695. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4695
Evaluation of a recombinant yeast cell estrogen screening assay.
Authors: N G Coldham, M Dave, S Sivapathasundaram, D P McDonnell, C Connor, M J Sauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

A wide range of chemicals with diverse structures derived from plant and environmental origins are reported to have hormonal activity. The potential for appreciable exposure of humans to such substances prompts the need to develop sensitive screening methods to quantitate and evaluate the risk to the public. Yeast cells transformed with plasmids encoding the human estrogen receptor and an estrogen responsive promoter linked to a reporter gene were evaluated for screening compounds for estrogenic activity. Relative sensitivity to estrogens was evaluated by reference to 17 beta-estradiol (E2) calibration curves derived using the recombinant yeast cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and a prepubertal mouse uterotrophic bioassay. The recombinant yeast cell bioassay (RCBA) was approximately two and five orders of magnitude more sensitive to E2 than MCF-7 cells and the uterotrophic assay, respectively. The estrogenic potency of 53 chemicals, including steroid hormones, synthetic estrogens, environmental pollutants, and phytoestrogens, was measured using the RCBA. Potency values produced with the RCBA relative to E2 (100) included estrone (9.6), diethylstilbestrol (74.3), tamoxifen (0.0047), alpha-zearalanol (1.3), equol (0.085), 4-nonylphenol (0.005), and butylbenzyl phathalate (0.0004), which were similar to literature values but generally higher than those produced by the uterotrophic assay. Exquisite sensitivity, absence of test compound biotransformation, ease of use, and the possibility of measuring antiestrogenic activity are important attributes that argue for the suitability of the RCBA in screening for potential xenoestrogens to evaluate risk to humans, wildlife, and the environment.
Plus maze experiments and the boundary conditions of the dynamic field model
Authors: Melissa Burns, Michael Domjan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In the dynamic field model, parametric variations of the same general processes predict how infants reach for a goal. Animal learning investigators argue that locating a goal is the product of qualitatively different mechanisms (response learning and place learning) Response versus place learning experiments suggest limitations to the dynamic field model hut where those limitations begin or end is unclear.
gp96, an endoplasmic reticulum master chaperone for integrins and Toll-like receptors, selectively regulates early T and B lymphopoiesis
Authors: Matthew Staron, Yi Yang, Bei Liu, Janet Li, Yuankai Shen, Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker, Hector L. Aguila, Irving Goldschneider, Zihai Li
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Nottingham medical school.
Authors: J S Jones
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Firstly, there is a need for preventive medicine, which, because there is so much preventable disease in the tropics, requires a large body of people trained in preventive medicine (public health personnel). Secondly, some access to Western medicine is needed in remote villages. This requires men and women trained in family health who can make a few basic decisions such as when a patient should be referred to a larger hospital. A definite programme of training is needed for this and for the medical auxiliary or bare foot doctor.9 The undisputed need for such people in developing countries should not have any affect on the training of a doctor. Lastly, doctors are needed for the diagnosis and treat ment of disease. Disease and its complications are the same the world over. Tuberculosis and endocarditis present the same problems in diagnosis and management, carry the same serious prognosis, and have to be managed in exactly the same way in Britain, America, India, or Sri Lanka. The claim1 2 that undergraduate medical training in the developing countries should be altered is probably the result of an inability to recognise the need for these different groups of medical personnel. Attempts to produce one type of medical practitioner who is expected to satisfy these different functions will only result in a lowering of the standards of curative medicine, preventive medicine and family health care.
Uptake of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid by a Breast Carcinoma
Authors: JOSEPH D. CALANDRA, THOMAS W. RYERSON, EILEEN CAHILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A preoperative Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver spleen scan in a patient with a breast carcinoma showed intense activity within the breast lesion. The mechanism of this uptake is postulated to be secondary to tumor invasion of blood vessels producing narrowing of the lumen and trapping of the colloid particles.
Stress and exacerbations in multiple sclerosis: Authors' reply
Authors: R Q Hintzen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We agree with Galea et al that recall bias could be an alternative explanation for our finding that stressful events are associated with the risk of exacerbation in multiple sclerosis.

To minimise the possibility of recall bias we chose a high (weekly) sampling frequency. Nevertheless, when patients experienced an event and still had …
Abstract 1920: Small molecule inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) causes significant melanoma growth delay and regression <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Brian D. Cholewa, Joshua A. Desotelle, Nihal Ahmad
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that rapidly metastasizes to become lethal, if not diagnosed early. An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program has suggested that the age-adjusted annual incidence of melanoma, both for young men and women, has increased over the past 20 years. In 2011, it is projected that over 70,000 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed with nearly 9,000 cases resulting in death. Current preventive and treatment approaches have not been able to effectively manage this neoplasm. Therefore, new mechanism- and target- based approaches are urgently needed. Better understanding of the genetic control of cellular proliferation and cell division may provide the basis for the rational design of specific therapeutics for the management of cancers, including melanoma. We have previously demonstrated that the mitotic regulator Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is over-expressed in clinical melanoma and a targeted depletion of Plk1 through lentiviral shRNA or a small-molecule inhibitor causes mitotic catastrophe and induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells (J Invest Dermatol 129: 2843-53, 2009). In this study, we assessed the effect of BI6727, a second generation Plk1 specific small molecule inhibitor, in vivo in athymic nu/nu nude mice implanted with human melanoma cells. A375 cells (1x106 cells) were implanted in athymic nude by subcutaneous injection on the right flanks. The tumors were allowed to grow and the mice bearing established tumors (&amp;gt;100 mm3) were randomized into 3 groups (containing 12 mice each). The mice were treated with BI6727 at two doses (10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg) or a vehicle control via tail vein injections twice weekly. Our data demonstrates that in BI6727 treated animals, the rate of tumor growth (to reach to a 1000 mm3 target volume) was significantly delayed. We also found that BI6727 at 25 mg/kg resulted in a near complete tumor regression. The observed tumor regression was stable for several days following discontinuation of treatment, after which, the tumors started growing again. Additionally, we found that BI6727 caused i) a significant inhibition of cell growth and viability, and ii) induction of apoptosis in multiple melanoma cell lines. Based on this study, we suggest that Plk1 is a druggable target for melanoma and pharmacological inhibitors of Plk1 could be clinically useful in melanoma therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1920. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1920
STUDIES ON THE CX-REACTIVE PROTEIN
Authors: Sigfrido Montella, Harrison F. Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

It has been found that normal rabbits respond to the intravenous administration of thorotrast by producing Cx-reactive protein. The amount of Cx-reactive protein produced in response to successive injections of thorotrast progressively diminishes until finally little or no further Cx-reactive protein production can be elicited. The reticulo-endothelial system is believed to be effectively blocked at this point. When such "blocked" rabbits are injected intracutaneously with Cx-reactive protein incorporated in adjuvant they produce significantly less Cx-reactive protein than the amounts elicited by the same stimulus prior to thorotrast treatment. They also fail to develop the characteristic inflammatory reaction seen in the control experiments. In addition, rabbits whose reticulo-endothelial systems are loaded with thorotrast respond to dermal infection with Type I pneumococcus by producing only very small amounts of Cx-reactive protein in comparison with the control animals.
Muscle blood flow during forearm exercise in patients with severe heart failure.
Authors: J M Arnold, J P Ribeiro, W S Colucci
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Muscle fatigue is a prominent symptom in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). To determine whether it results from an intrinsic abnormality of vasodilating capacity of the vasculature in exercising muscle, we studied local forearm blood flow (FBF) during exercise in 13 patients with severe CHF and in eight normal untrained subjects of similar age. Intermittent forearm static exercise was performed by squeezing a hand dynamometer for 5 seconds, three times per minute, for 5 minutes at 15%, 30%, and 45% of maximum voluntary contraction. FBF was measured by mercury-in-rubber strain gauge venous plethysmography at baseline before exercise and during the last 3 minutes of each exercise state. Exercise was repeated after 24 hours of intravenous administration of milrinone in the patients with CHF. FBF increased with forearm exercise in a reproducible manner during 24 hours in the normal subjects: rest, 2.54 +/- 0.23 (0 hours), 2.90 +/- 0.23, (24 hours); 15%, 7.25 +/- 0.92, 5.85 +/- 0.56; 30%, 9.20 +/- 1.08, 10.05 +/- 0.85; 45%, 14.62 +/- 1.64, 13.85 +/- 1.09 ml/100 ml/min; p = NS, 0 versus 24 hours. In patients with CHF, FBF was reduced at baseline compared with normal subjects (1.70 +/- 0.15 ml/100 ml/min, p less than 0.05), but no significant differences from normal subjects were observed during exercise (15%, 5.04 +/- 0.65; 30%, 7.64 +/- 0.99; 45%, 12.56 +/- 1.20 ml/100 ml/min). Peak exercise blood flow was correlated negatively with central venous pressure (r = -0.65, p less than 0.05) and positively with right ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.59, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extended follow-up in an HF clinic did not reduce death or hospital admission in stable systolic HF
Authors: Darren A. DeWalt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Schou M, Gustafsson F, Videbaek L, et al; NorthStar Investigators, The Danish Heart Failure Clinics Network. Extended heart failure clinic follow-up in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial (NorthStar). Eur Heart J. 2012 Aug 8. [Epub ahead of print] 22875412