tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Alters Early Adipogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Emmanuel Somm, Valérie M. Schwitzgebel, Audrey Toulotte, Christopher R. Cederroth, Christophe Combescure, Serge Nef, Michel L. Aubert, Petra S. Hüppi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThe causes of the current obesity pandemic have not been fully elucidated. Implication of environmental endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) on adipose tissue development has been poorly investigated.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on early adipose storage at weaning.MethodsPregnant Sprague-Dawley rats had access to drinking water containing 1 mg/L BPA from day 6 of gestation through the end of lactation. Pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. At that time, we investigated perigonadal adipose tissue of pups (weight, histology, gene expression). For the remaining animals, we recorded body weight and food intake for animals on either standard chow or a high-fat diet.ResultsGestational exposure to BPA did not alter the sex ratio or litter size at birth. On PND1, the weight of male and female BPA-exposed pups was increased. On PND21, body weight was increased only in females, in which parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) weight was increased about 3-fold. This excess of pWAT was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and overexpression of lipogenic genes such as C/EBP-α (CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1). In addition, gene expression of SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) was also increased in liver from BPA-exposed females at PND21, without a change in circulating lipids and glucose. After weaning, perinatal BPA exposure predisposed to overweight in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. We observed no change in food intake due to perinatal BPA exposure in rats on either standard chow or a high-fat diet.ConclusionsPerinatal exposure to a low dose of BPA increased adipogenesis in females at weaning. Adult body weight may be programmed during early life, leading to changes dependent on the sex and the nutritional status. Although further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of BPA action in early life, these results are particularly important with regard to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and the context-dependent action of endocrine disruptors.
RV Longitudinal Deformation Correlates With Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Matteo Lisi, Matteo Cameli, Francesca Maria Righini, Angela Malandrino, Damiana Tacchini, Marta Focardi, Charilaos Tsioulpas, Sonia Bernazzali, Piero Tanganelli, Massimo Maccherini, Sergio Mondillo, Michael Y. Henein
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Participatory Medicine: A Home Score for Streptococcal Pharyngitis Enabled by Real-Time Biosurveillance
Authors: Andrew M. Fine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Consensus guidelines recommend against testing or treating adults at low risk for group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis.To help patients decide when to visit a clinician for the evaluation of sore throat.Retrospective cohort study.A national chain of retail health clinics.71 776 patients aged 15 years or older with pharyngitis who visited a clinic from September 2006 to December 2008.The authors created a score using information from patient-reported clinical variables plus the incidence of local disease and compared it with the Centor score and other traditional scores that require clinician-elicited signs.If patients aged 15 years or older with sore throat did not visit a clinician when the new score estimated the likelihood of GAS pharyngitis to be less than 10% instead of having clinicians manage their symptoms following guidelines that use the Centor score, 230 000 visits would be avoided in the United States each year and 8500 patients with GAS pharyngitis who would have received antibiotics would not be treated with them.Real-time information about the local incidence of GAS pharyngitis, which is necessary to calculate the new score, is not currently available.A patient-driven approach to pharyngitis diagnosis that uses this new score could save hundreds of thousands of visits annually by identifying patients at home who are unlikely to require testing or treatment.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Anesthesia for Elective Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Joseph P. Annis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Phillips' answer regarding anesthesia for elective termination of pregnancy in outpatients (236:1290, 1976) leaves the impression that a succinylcholine infusion can generally be used with unassisted spontaneous ventilation. I doubt that this is the message he intended, as succinylcholine is a potent muscle relaxant, and the probability of attendant hypoventilation with its use is significant. It is true, as stated, that the succinylcholine infusion can be so regulated that the patient will not move during surgery while spontaneous breathing continues. However, under this condition of muscle weakness, the patient's tidal volume and alveolar ventilation are usually diminished. Therefore, to avoid hypoxia and hypercapnia caused by inadequate alveolar ventilation, spontaneous ventilation should be assisted or controlled during succinylcholine-induced partial muscle paralysis. Concerning the use of general anesthesia, one study has shown that the addition of the short-acting narcotic fentanyl to thiopental-nitrous oxide anesthesia for voluntary interruption of
FOXC1 is required for normal cerebellar development and is a major contributor to chromosome 6p25.3 Dandy-Walker malformation
Authors: Kimberly A Aldinger, Ordan J Lehmann, Louanne Hudgins, Victor V Chizhikov, Alexander G Bassuk, Lesley C Ades, Ian D Krantz, William B Dobyns, Kathleen J Millen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Sleep Evaluation by Actigraphy for Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Gene injection into canine myocardium as a useful model for studying gene expression in the heart of large mammals.
Authors: R von Harsdorf, R J Schott, Y T Shen, S F Vatner, V Mahdavi, B Nadal-Ginard
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We have investigated the regulated expression of genes injected into the heart of large mammals in situ. Reporter constructs using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under the control of muscle-specific beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) or promiscuous (mouse sarcoma virus) promoters were injected into the canine myocardium. There was a linear dose-response relation between the level of gene expression and the quantity of plasmid DNA injected between 10 and 200 micrograms per injection site. The level of reporter gene expression did not correlate with the amount of injury imposed on the cardiac tissue. There was no regional variation in expression of injected reporter genes throughout the left ventricular wall. By use of both the mouse sarcoma virus and a muscle-specific beta-MHC promoter, reporter gene expression was one to two orders of magnitude greater in the heart than in skeletal muscle. Expression in the left ventricle was threefold higher than in the right ventricle. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was detected at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after injection, with maximal expression at 7 days after injection. Statistical analysis of coinjection experiments revealed that coinjection of a second gene construct (Rous sarcoma virus-luciferase) is useful in the control of transfection efficiency in vivo. Furthermore, using reporter constructs containing serial deletions of the 5' flanking region of the beta-MHC gene, we performed a series of experiments that demonstrate the utility of this model in mapping promoter regions and identifying important regulatory gene sequences in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract B35: Alternate receptor tyrosine kinases provide protection from FGFR inhibition in HNSCC cells as identified by genome-wide shRNA screening
Authors: Katherine R. Singleton, Aik-Choon Tan, Jihye Kim, Lynn Heasley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The efficacy of many biologically targeted cancer therapies is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) patients show only a 4–10% response to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib, despite EGFR over-expression in over 90% of tumors. Our lab has previously shown that gefitinib insensitive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines exhibit dominant autocrine fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling. RNAi-based loss-of-function screens are an important tool to identify synthetic lethal interactions between the inhibition of two genes in order to efficiently identify functional survival mechanisms and potent drug combinations. We deployed a whole genome screen to identify genes whose knockdown potentiated the inhibitory effect of the FGFR inhibitor, AZ12908010, in HNSCC cell lines. We found that multiple alternate receptors provided protection from FGFR inhibition in these cell lines, including the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met). We validated the results of the screen by showing that specific knockdown of either ErbB2 or Met in combination with FGFR inhibitor treatment led to increased inhibition of growth relative to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment alone. These results were confirmed using specific small molecule inhibitors of either ErbB2 or Met. The combination therapies did not lead to greater inhibition of growth in the cell lines where ErbB2 and Met were not identified as synthetic lethal with FGFR. We extended the study to find that the combination of knockdown of either ErbB2 or Met with FGFR inhibition decreased the growth of additional cell lines, indicating that the combination therapies could be broadly applicable. These results reveal a role for alternate RTKs in maintaining pro-growth and survival signaling in HNSCC cells in the setting of FGFR inhibition. Thus, improved therapies for HNSCC patients could involve rationally designed combinations of TKIs targeting FGFR and either ErbB family members or Met.
High-Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Stewart H. Clifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

NATURE, in her lavish efforts to populate the earth, has devised such a miraculous process that despite many obstacles, most pregnancies, at least when measured in terms of perinatal mortality, have a successful outcome. This in itself lulls the public, the profession and the patient into a false sense of security and apathy that constitutes one of the most important barriers to progress.In the foreword to the recent British Perinatal Mortality Survey, Nixon writes as follows1:The perinatal death rate is also an index of the number of near deaths which may have occurred and present with defects . . .
Iowa wrestling study. Weight loss in high school students
Authors: C. M. Tipton
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Changes in body weight were measured in 747 wrestlers from 30 Iowa high schools. During a 17-day period before certification, the average weight loss was 6.8 lb (3.1 kg) or 4.9% of the initial body weight, with most of these changes occurring during the final ten days. Questionnaire results indicated that the coach and the "other wrestler" were the most frequently consulted on how to "make weight" whereas the local physician was seldom consulted on this matter. Comparison of weight gains after the end of the season showed that the average increase was 13.6 lb (6.2 kg) higher than the weight at certification. Until more information is available that is specific for this age group, it is our opinion that medical supervision be provided when wrestlers have lost 7% to 10% of their initial weight or are losing weight in excess of 4 lb (1.8 kg) per week.
Effect of an Inhaled Glucocorticosteroid on Airway Mucosal Blood Flow in Mild Asthma
Authors: JORGE L. BRIEVA, IGNACIO DANTA, ADAM WANNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We determined airway mucosal blood flow (Q˙aw) and FEV 1 before and after inhaled albuterol in 19 glucocorticosteroid (GS)-naive patients with mild intermittent asthma, and assessed the effects of a 2-wk course of fluticasone propionate (FP; 440 μ g daily) on these parameters. Twelve healthy nonsmokers served as controls. Baseline Q˙aw was 55.5 ± 0.7 μ l/min/ml (mean ± SE) in the asthmatic subjects and 44.2 ± 0.7 μ l/min/ml in the controls; the respective FEV1 values were 2.8 ± 0.2 L and 3.4 ± 0.2 L (p < 0.01 for both parameters). Albuterol increased Q˙aw by 27 ± 3% in the control subjects (p < 0.01) but had no effect on Q˙aw in the asthmatic subjects; it increased FEV 1 by 7 ± 1% and 6 ± 1% in the two groups, respectively. Q˙aw decreased to 49.2 ± 0.8 μ l/min/ml (p < 0.05 versus baseline), and the Q˙aw responsiveness to albuterol was restored ( + 21 ± 2%; p < 0.05) in the asthmatic subjects after FP. Eleven asthmatic subjects stopped using FP at this time; 2 wk later, their Q˙aw returned to baseline (55.2 ± 0.9 μ l/min/ml) and they lost the Q˙aw responsiveness to albuterol. Mean ( ± SE) FEV1 and FEV1 responsiveness to albuterol were not affected by FP. The GS-sensitive increase in Q˙aw and its hyporesponsiveness to albuterol in asthmatic subjects may be consequences of airway inflammation. Brieva JL, Danta I, Wanner A. Effect of an inhaled glucocorticosteroid on airway mucosal blood flow in mild asthma.
Multiple connexins confer distinct regulatory and conductance properties of gap junctions in developing heart.
Authors: R D Veenstra, H Z Wang, E M Westphale, E C Beyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Multiple gap junction proteins (connexins) and channels have been identified in developing and adult heart. Functional expression of the three connexins found in chick heart (connexin42, connexin43, and connexin45) by stable transfection of communication-deficient neuro2A (N2A) cells revealed that all three connexin cDNAs are capable of forming physiologically distinct gap junctions that differ in their transjunctional voltage dependence and unitary channel conductances. The transjunctional voltage dependences of connexin45 and connexin42 closely resembled those of 4-day and 18-day embryonic chick heart gap junctions, respectively. The multiple channel conductances between 80 and 240 pS, including the predominant 160 pS channel, observed in embryonic chick heart were also common to connexin42. The expression of multiple gap junction channels with distinct conductance and regulatory properties within a given tissue may account for developmental changes in intercellular communication.
Exonerated psychiatrist criticises GMC for being ill informed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A psychiatrist who was cleared of misconduct in a child protection case after five and a half years has spoken of the “frightening” experience of facing fitness to practise proceedings brought by the General Medical Council.

George Hibbert, 61, has spoken after the GMC decided to drop charges that had been outstanding relating to a second case dating back to 2006.

Dubbed “the doctor who broke up families” by the Daily Mail , Hibbert carried out parenting assessments of mothers whose cases were referred by the family courts.

In an echo of the case of the child protection paediatrician David Southall, who was struck off by the GMC …
Quantification of the contractile response to injury: assessment of the work-length relationship in the intact heart.
Authors: J J Morris, G L Pellom, C E Murphy, D R Salter, J P Goldstein, A S Wechsler
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We used a sonomicrometric determination of ventricular dimension to examine the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the work-length relationship in the intact heart to develop a useful and precise variable of ventricular contractile response to injury. Twenty anesthetized dogs were instrumented with epicardial ultrasonic dimension transducers to record right ventricular free wall chord length and left ventricular minor-axis length, micromanometers to record ventricular pressures, and an electromagnetic probe to record pulmonary arterial (n = 8) or aortic (n = 7) flow. Dogs were subjected to either 20 min (n = 7) or 30 min (n = 13) of global cardiac ischemia supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Data were acquired over a range of end-diastolic volumes produced by transient (5 to 10 sec) vena caval occlusion before and after ischemia. In both ventricles, systolic epicardial dimensional shortening correlated with flow probe-measured stroke volume (mean r = .969) and regional stroke work calculated as the integral of instantaneous ventricular pressure and epicardial dimension correlated with measured global stroke work (mean r = .960), confirming the validity of dimensional measurements. Regression analysis demonstrated a highly linear relationship between calculated regional stroke work and end-diastolic length in the right ventricle (mean r = .973) and left ventricle (mean r = .967), quantifiable by a slope (Mw) and x intercept (Lw). Change in afterload produced by pulmonary arterial or aortic constriction resulted in no significant changes in Mw or Lw in either ventricle. Ischemia and reperfusion decreased Mw and shifted Lw to the right in both ventricles. The decrease in Mw with 30 min ischemia exceeded the decrease with 20 min ischemia by 29% in the right ventricle and by 32% in the left (p less than .04) with up to 1 hr of reperfusion. Changes in Lw were not related to severity of injury. After ischemia, infusion of calcium increased Mw by 177% in the right ventricle and by 67% in the left (p less than .03) without significant changes in Lw. Independent of load conditions, the slope Mw, of the linear stroke work vs end-diastolic length relationship is a valid and precise index of right and left ventricular contractile response to global ischemia in the intact circulation. This variable may be useful in evaluating therapies designed to limit myocardial injury and enhance ventricular functional performance.
Acute Barbiturate Intoxication
Authors: John Hadden
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Deep coma resulting from barbiturate overdose was studied in 50 patients. The length of coma correlated with depth of coma and serum barbiturate level except in those patients with drug addiction and hepatic or renal disease. The complications of pneumonia, bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract infections, and thrombophlebitis were common; however, all patients survived. Treatment was instituted on a rotation basis with supportive care alone, mannitol diuresis, or peritoneal dialysis. Using length of coma, the slope of disappearance of serum barbiturate value, and clearance data as indicators of the effectiveness of treatment, we found that the three treatment forms did not differ. Supportive care alone was associated with less local and systemic morbidity and appears to be the best method of reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with barbiturate overdose.
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in liver tissues by an in situ hybridization technique
Authors: Yoshimichi Haruna, Norio Hayashi, Naoki Hiramatsu, Tetsuo Takehara, Hideki Hagiwara, Yutaka Sasaki, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Standardization of the one-stage prothrombin time for the control of anticoagulant therapy.
Authors: R. Biggs, K. W. Denson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

this way.The ability of parents and friends to perceive distress in adolescents appears to vary with social class.At a time when there has been much revised legislation dealing with the management of young offenders it is surprising that only six teenagers were referred by the court for psychiatric assessment.The setting up of family courts as recommended in the Kilbrandon Report (1964) and the establishment in Edinburgh of a unit specifically for adolescent psychiatric illness should improve the situation. SummaryA survey is reported of referrals of adolescents to psychiatrists in Edinburgh.The annual referral rate was 5.6 per thousand tat risk.For one-third of the series the consultation took place after an act of deliberate self-poisoning or self-injury; almost cne-half were referred by their family doctor and one-tenth were self-referrals.The social and emotional difficulties arising from the natural hesitance of adolescents to discuss their problems with adults are discussed.We are grateful to Professor G. M. Carstairs for his help and advice ; to Drs.Norman Kreitman and John Evans for their criticism
Use of Automated External Defibrillators by a U.S. Airline
Authors: Richard L. Page, José A. Joglar, Robert C. Kowal, Jason D. Zagrodzky, Lauren L. Nelson, Karthik Ramaswamy, Saverio J. Barbera, Mohamed H. Hamdan, David K. McKenas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Passengers who have ventricular fibrillation aboard commercial aircraft rarely survive, owing to the delay in obtaining emergency care and defibrillation.
Erratum: BMP type I receptor inhibition reduces heterotopic ossification
Authors: Paul B Yu, Donna Y Deng, Carol S Lai, Charles C Hong, Gregory D Cuny, Mary L Bouxsein, Deborah W Hong, Patrick M McManus, Takenobu Katagiri, Chetana Sachidanandan, Nobuhiro Kamiya, Tomokazu Fukuda, Yuji Mishina, Randall T Peterson, Kenneth D Bloch
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)