tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation on regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption in the presence of coronary artery stenosis in patients with unstable angina.
Authors: D O Williams, K S Korr, H Gewirtz, A S Most
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine whether a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand or an increase in coronary blood flow or both are responsible for the salutory effect of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in relieving medically refractory angina, we assessed these variables in six patients in whom IABP was required for relief of myocardial ischemia. IABP decreased the rate-pressure product and aortic end-diastolic pressure, and the peak systolic aortic pressure and regional myocardial oxygen consumption declined in all but one patient. Peak and mean aortic diastolic pressures increased. Changes in regional coronary blood flow paralleled changes in peak systolic aortic pressure (r = 0.92, p less than 0.007). Thus, relief of angina during IABP could not be ascribed to an increase in regional coronary blood flow. Reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption is the most likely mechanism by which IABP relieves myocardial ischemia in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case-Finding Study and Clinico-Laboratory Analysis of 27 Cases
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This is a beautifully illustrated monograph based on the study of 27 patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAF), which in most cases was merely a feature of the generalized disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The authors were started on their studies by two patients with PAF and HHT seen in 1952. Although the patients were not aware of a relationship, genealogic sleuthing showed that in fact their great-grandfathers were brothers. Further studies of the kindred turned up 18 cases of PAF and HHT. Nine other unrelated patients were also investigated. The authors emphasize that the pulmonary lesions are often asymptomatic, and are often called tuberculoma. The highest frequency was in the lower parts of the lung fields, as shown also by the review of Moyer et al (<i>Amer J Med</i><b>32</b>:417, 1962). One is interested in questions such as the population frequency of PAF, what proportion of HHT patients have
Care of the Patient after Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Because coronary angioplasty is being increasingly used as a treatment for coronary artery disease, the proper evaluation and management of patients after the procedure are important issues. Although coronary angioplasty is a complex technical procedure, the methods routinely used to evaluate its results have many shortcomings. Although the initial results of the procedure are assessed most commonly by the visual interpretation of video images and coronary angiograms, quantitative angiography, trans-stenotic pressure gradients, and coronary flow reserve measurements have also been used. In the period after coronary angioplasty, success can be evaluated by patients' clinical improvement in symptoms and their stress responses to various functional tests. The management of the patient during the first 24 hours after angioplasty should focus on the prevention, detection, and, if necessary, treatment of acute vessel closure. During the subsequent 6 months, the emphasis should shift to the evaluation of recurrent symptoms and prevention of restenosis. We discuss the methods used to assess the results of coronary angioplasty and suggest guidelines for managing patients after the procedure.
Caring for the Wounded in Iraq — A Photo Essay
Authors: George E. Peoples, James R. Jezior, Craig D. Shriver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A series of photographs by Drs. George E. Peoples, James R. Jezior, and Craig D. Shriver, portrays a medical care team in Iraq and the injuries confronted. This photo essay shows the acute management of life-threatening wounds.
Treatment of Painful Amputation Stumps
Authors: W. R. Russell, J. M. K. Spalding
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The greatest single obstacle is the shortage of nursing staff.We have made proposals for a recruiting campaign, the principle feature of which is the attraction of trained nurses to the tuberculosis service.All steps should be taken to make active modern treat- ment available to the patient in his home.Much more energetic steps should be taken to provide preventoria.As part of a " crisis expansion " local authorities should adopt a bold and imaginative policy in the allocation of houses.Money spent freely but wisely for these purposes will prove to be a sound national investment.A vigorous, sustained, and well-planned campaign of public education regarding tuberculosis should be undertaken.We have made recommendations for the central coordination and direction of these operations.A much greater sense of the urgency of the situation is required on the part of all-the general public, the administrators, the nurses, and the doctors.What has hitherto been a desultory and intermittent campaign must be transformed into nothing less than a national crusade.
Left ventricular outflow tract to left atrial communication secondary to rupture of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa in infective endocarditis: Diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography and color flow imaging
Authors: Ramesh C. Bansal, Bruce M. Graham, Kenneth R. Jutzy, Masahiro Shakudo, Pravin M. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Kidney α–intercalated cells and lipocalin 2: defending the urinary tract
Authors: Yuxuan Miao, Soman N. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

A growing body of evidence indicates that the kidneys contribute substantially to immune defense against pathogens in the urinary tract. In this issue, Paragas et al. report that α–intercalated cells (A-ICs) within the nephron collecting duct sense infecting Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in simultaneously secretion of the iron chelating protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and protons, which acidify the urine. A-IC–specific LCN2 and proton secretion markedly reduced the ability of infecting uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to grow and sustain infection. The capacity of A-ICs to sense and actively promote clearance of infecting bacteria in the lower urinary tract represents a novel function for these specialized kidney cells, which are best known for their role in modulating acid-base homeostasis.
Anomalies in the Endocrine Axes of the Guinea Pig: Relevance to Human Physiology and Disease*
Authors: MARIA-CRISTINA KEIGHTLEY, PETER J. FULLER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

I. Introduction THE guinea pig, a New World hystricomorph, is one of the most commonly used laboratory animals and, as a consequence, much information has accrued detailing its biochemical characteristics. This information remained relatively inaccessible until a decade ago, when a partial checklist of the comparative biochemistry of the guinea pig was compiled by Wriston (1). Since then, it has become apparent that the guinea pig has a number of anomalies in its endocrine axes and metabolic pathways which may not only be of interest to those working with the guinea pig as an animal model, but which, by comparison with other species, including humans, can provide important insights into the structure-function and physiological relationships in these axes. This review will focus on three axes: pituitary-adrenal, entero-pancreatic, and GH. These axes and the components that have been characterized at a structural level are listed in Table 1; their various interactions are shown schematically in Fig. 1.
Beneficial Effect of Recruitable Collaterals
Authors: Pascal Meier, Steffen Gloekler, Rainer Zbinden, Sarah Beckh, Stefano F. de Marchi, Stephan Zbinden, Kerstin Wustmann, Michael Billinger, Rolf Vogel, Stéphane Cook, Peter Wenaweser, Mario Togni, Stephan Windecker, Bernhard Meier, Christian Seiler
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The prognostic relevance of the collateral circulation is still controversial. The goal of this study was to assess the impact on survival of quantitatively obtained, recruitable coronary collateral flow in patients with stable coronary artery disease during 10 years of follow-up. Methods and Results— Eight-hundred forty-five individuals (age, 62±11 years), 106 patients without coronary artery disease and 739 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease, underwent a total of 1053 quantitative, coronary pressure–derived collateral measurements between March 1996 and April 2006. All patients were prospectively included in a collateral flow index (CFI) database containing information on recruitable collateral flow parameters obtained during a 1-minute coronary balloon occlusion. CFI was calculated as follows: equation where P occl is mean coronary occlusive pressure, P ao is mean aortic pressure, and CVP is central venous pressure. Patients were divided into groups with poorly developed (CFI &lt;0.25) or well-grown collateral vessels (CFI ≥0.25). Follow-up information on the occurrence of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events after study inclusion was collected. Cumulative 10-year survival rates in relation to all-cause deaths and cardiac deaths were 71% and 88%, respectively, in patients with low CFI and 89% and 97% in the group with high CFI ( P =0.0395, P =0.0109). Through the use of Cox proportional hazards analysis, the following variables independently predicted elevated cardiac mortality: age, low CFI (as a continuous variable), and current smoking. Conclusions— A well-functioning coronary collateral circulation saves lives in patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease. Depending on the exact amount of collateral flow recruitable during a brief coronary occlusion, long-term cardiac mortality is reduced to one fourth compared with the situation without collateral supply.
The American Geriatrics Society's Complete Guide to Aging and Health
Authors: James A. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) developed this book in response to requests from the general public for information on aging and health-related issues. The AGS<i>Geriatric Review Syllabus: A Core Curriculum in Geriatric Medicine</i>is the basis for the<i>Guide</i>. While this reviewer has long been actively involved with the AGS at both the board and committee levels, every effort has been made to consider this book from the point of view of its intended audience. The book is excellently written, although there is a variation among chapters that sometimes leaves one wondering for whom it was intended. Some chapters provide very basic information in an easily readable style; others presume sophistication and understanding of more complex issues. In general, the guide is geared toward the "educated reader" and would be very useful for the physician and his or her staff, well-informed patients, families faced with care planning, and older
Aeneas Mackay Fisher
Authors: D J Dye
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In 1970 Aeneas Mackay Fisher was appointed as the first consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist to the then brand new Northwick Park Hospital in north London. He applied his usual zeal and enthusiasm to the task of setting up a new department, and he and the team he built up were rewarded in due course by some of the best perinatal mortality figures in the United Kingdom. Before his move to Northwick Park he had …
Analysis of mitotic nondisjunction with Aspergillus nidulans.
Authors: G Morpurgo, D Bellincampi, G Gualandi, L Baldinelli, O S Crescenzi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Two methods to detect the induction of nondisjunction with a diploid stable strain of A. nidulans are described. The first method gives only qualitative results, while the second method is quantitative and dose-effect curves can be done. Some physiological parameters affecting the induction of nondisjunction can also be studied, because either quiescent or germinating conidia can be treated with the drug under test. Some agents inducing nondisjunction were also tested for the induction of point mutation and somatic crossing-over with these comparative analysis. Two classes of agents inducing nondisjunction may be detected: the first causes all possible types of genetic damage either on quiescent or germinating conidia (a representative of this class is MMS) and acts presumably on the DNA level; the second acts only on germinating conidia and does not produce point mutation or crossing over. A representative of this class is Benomyl which interferes with spindle microtubules. A list of compounds tests is included.
Voriconazole Compared with Liposomal Amphotericin B for Empirical Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Neutropenia and Persistent Fever
Authors: Thomas J. Walsh, Peter Pappas, Drew J. Winston, Hillard M. Lazarus, Finn Petersen, John Raffalli, Saul Yanovich, Patrick Stiff, Richard Greenberg, Gerald Donowitz, Mindy Schuster, Annette Reboli, John Wingard, Carola Arndt, John Reinhardt, Susan Hadley, Robert Finberg, Michél Laverdière, John Perfect, Gary Garber, Giuseppe Fioritoni, Eli Anaissie, Jeanette Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with neutropenia and persistent fever are often treated empirically with amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B to prevent invasive fungal infections. Antifungal triazoles offer a potentially safer and effective alternative.
Counter regulation of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, on human airway dendritic cells by IL‐4 and IL‐10
Authors: A. Faith, N. Singh, E. Chevretton, D. Roberts, T. Lee, C. Corrigan, C. Hawrylowicz
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Immunoglobulin E is a signalling molecule within the environment of the respiratory tract, the high affinity receptor for which, FcepsilonRI, is expressed by dendritic cells (DC). Little is known, however, of the expression and function of FcepsilonRI on DC in the human respiratory tract.CD1c(+) DC were purified from surgically resected nasal turbinates of 11 atopic and 12 nonatopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Expression of FcepsilonRI was determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine production by DC was determined by cytometric bead array.Expression of FcepsilonRI was significantly elevated on respiratory tract dendritic cells (RTDC) from atopic as compared to nonatopic patients. Activation of RTDC through FcepsilonRI induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was elevated in atopic compared to nonatopic patients studied. Conversely IL-10 production was elevated in nonatopic patients. Concomitant activation of FcepsilonRI and stimulation of RTDC with IL-4 inhibited production of IL-10 by RTDC. Neutralization experiments with anti-IL-10 Ab enhanced whereas addition of exogenous IL-10 to RTDC inhibited FcepsilonRI-mediated inflammatory cytokine production.The function of FcepsilonRI on RTDC from patients with rhinosinusitis is susceptible to counter regulation by IL-4 and IL-10.
A syndecan-based tumor stopper
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Successful tumors supply themselves with a steady source of blood by triggering the growth of new vessels. On [page 691][1], Beauvais et al. find a new way to disrupt that process.

![Figure][2] 

The coexpression (yellow) of syndecan-1 and integrins in tumors drives angiogenesis.



Metastatic
Constitution of Local Medical Committees
Authors: J. K. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A namby-pamby latter days, to offend those who ought to be offended, and disturb those who ought to be disturbed, just because they don't like doing these things.The conse- quence is that the smugs, liars, smoothies, and welfare-state types get away with it all along the line.-Iam, etc., Bristol 8. GEORGE ALEXANDER."Helping Your Doctor" SJR,-The Minister of Health has stated that this winter there is to be a press,.radio, and television campaign to attempt to per- suade the public to make more efficient use of general practitioners' time.A useful and informative leaflet " Helping your Doctor" has been issued by the Ministry of Health for distribution by general practitioners to patients.In this area 10 copies have been sent to each general practi-*tioner and the executive council inform me that no more copies are available or expected froni the Ministry.My 10 copies placed on the waiting-room table disappeared in 36 hours.The type size is 'too small for wall display.This is a minor matter, but in my opinion is, An indication of how little help the -Ministry is prepared to give to enable general practitioners to give proper -service to patients genuinely requiring it.Once' again the .G.M.S. Committee and the B.M.A. Council have been fooled by the Ministry.It will be interesting to see the extent of the -
Poor children in rich countries.
Authors: M McKee
Journal: BMJ (1993)

psychologists about how to identify new patterns.Economic, tourist, travel, and migration data will be needed, along with surveys of health providers and informants in the community.A "Maginot Line" approach, based on a few large laboratories, cannot be the centrepiece of this type of free ranging data network, whose objective is to detect perturbances that suggest a change in health status.A new global rapid response system will be needed to investigate potential new threats to health supported by epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory services.In the modern world national boundaries cannot be an impermeable barrier to such targeted investigations.Global threats require global thinking and leadership.How we define the problem will determine what we do about it.The time has come to give real priority to the worldwide anticipation, detection, and response to new microbial threats to health.Early detection of the next (already ongoing?) new pandemic will handsomely repay the necessary investment.Global epidemics, including their prevention, recognition, and response, are likely to be an increasing part of the new agenda for international health.
Alistair Kenneth Ross
Authors: P. C. D. G. M. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Alistair Kenneth Ross, the first senior lecturer and head of the primary care department at Keele University, has died at the age of 87 years. Ross was born in Glasgow and trained in medicine at the University there. His national service was spent in north Africa, a time he reckoned important for starting his lifelong love of bridge playing. Alistair then gained experience of general practice in Glasgow and London before arriving, with his wife Margaret, in north Staffordshire, where in 1964 he joined the Palmerston Street Surgery in Wolstanton, Newcastle-under-Lyme, remaining until he retired in 1987. Together with his partners, Drs Garvie, Tucker, and Fisher (authors of this obituary), he built a general practice that made a substantial contribution to primary care research and education in …
Flow Dynamics of Angiographically No-Flow Patent Internal Mammary Artery Grafts
Authors: Takashi Akasaka, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Takeshi Hozumi, Tsutomu Takagi, Shuichiro Kaji, Takahiro Kawamoto, Shigefumi Morioka, Michihiro Nasu, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Timing of hepatectomy in resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM): Simultaneous or delayed?
Authors: Zi Yin, Chao Liu, Yajin Chen, Yu Bai, Changzhen Shang, Rongyan Yin, Dong Yin, Jie Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The optimal surgical strategy for treatment of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLRM) remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies to define the safety and efficacy of simultaneous versus delayed resection of the colon and liver. A search for all major databases and relevant journals from inception to April 2012 without restriction on languages or regions was performed. Outcome measures were the primary parameters of postoperative survival, complication, and mortality, as well as other parameters of blood loss, operative time, and length of hospitalization. The test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic. A total of 2,880 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Long-term oncological pooled estimates of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-1.14; P = 0.64; I(2) = 0) and recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.76-1.43; P = 0.79; I(2) = 53%) all showed similar outcomes for both simultaneous and delayed resections. A lower incidence of postoperative complication was attributed to the simultaneous group as opposed to that in the delayed group (modified relative ratio [RR] = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67-0.89; P = 0.0002; I(2) = 10%), whereas in terms of mortality within the postoperative 60 days no statistical difference was detected (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.61-2.08; P = 0.71; I(2) = 32%). Finally, selection criteria were recommended for SCRLM patients suitable for a simultaneous resection.Simultaneous resection is as efficient as a delayed procedure for long-term survival. There is evidence that in SCRLM patients simultaneous resection is an acceptable and safe option with carefully selected conditions. Due to the inherent limitations of the present study, future randomized controlled trials will be useful to confirm this conclusion. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2346-2357).
Catheterization of the Urethra in Male Children
Authors: Laurence E Lacroix, Aaron Vunda, Nadia M Bajwa, Annick Galetto-Lacour, Alain Gervaix
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Catheterization of the Urethra in Male Children Indications Urethral catheterization permits direct drainage of the urinary bladder, and is often performed in pediatric practice. It may be used for diagnostic purposes, such as collection of an uncontaminated urine specimen for culture and urinalysis, when it is essential to obtain a urine specimen from a young child who cannot void on command. Urethral catheterization also may be performed to carry out voiding cystourethrography or to monitor urine output in certain postoperative patients or very ill patients. Therapeutic indications include decompression of acute urinary retention, intermittent catheterization of neurogenic bladder, continuous bladder . . . .
Abstract 517: Expression of PTRF/cavin-1 in prostate cancer cells reduces migration via decreased MMP9 expression
Authors: Cho S. Aung, Michelle Hill, Robert Parton, Marie-Odile PARAT
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Caveolin-1 expression and secretion are increased in metastatic prostate cancer and caveolin-1 seems to contribute to prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Caveolin-1 was long believed to be sufficient for caveolae formation, but a cytoplasmic protein named PTRF (Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor) or cavin-1 was recently found to be required, in concert with caveolin-1, for the formation and functions of caveolae. We hypothesized that PTRF expression could modulate prostate cancer cell migration. In metastatic PC3 prostate cancer cells that express abundant caveolin-1 but no PTRF, heterologous PTRF expression restores caveolae formation and caveolin-1 distribution. We show that PTRF-expressing PC3 cells exhibit decreased migration, and that this effect is mediated by reduced matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP9) production. We further show that MMP9 production is affected at the transcriptional level, and independently from caveolae formation. Of all the cavin family members, PTRF-cavin-1 is the only one to dramatically reduce MMP9 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that PTRF-cavin-1 expression alters prostate cancer aggressiveness. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 517.