tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4814: Molecular interrogation of the androgen receptor in circulating tumor cells to identify therapeutic resistance to androgen targeting therapies
Authors: Lindsay N. Strotman, Jamie Sperger, Benjamin Casavant, Stephanie Theide, David Beebe, Joshua Lang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract There is a critical need to evaluate and target mechanisms of resistance to Androgen Receptor (AR) targeting agents, such as Enzalutamide and Abiraterone Acetate. Preclinical models have identified resistance mechanisms that include AR gene mutations and rearrangements, expression of AR splice variants and AR overexpression. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a potential source of tumor samples for further molecular interrogation into resistance mechanisms of AR directed therapy. Here we present, an integrated CTC capture and analysis technology known as VERSA (Vertical Exclusion-based Rare Sample Analysis) to allow evaluation of the AR at the protein, DNA and mRNA level. Using the VERSA platform we have captured EpCAM+ CTCs from castrate-resistance prostate cancer patients and quantified nuclear localization of the AR in CTCs as a potential predictive therapeutic protein biomarker. Using quantitative immunocytochemistry, results have shown patients that are responding to various AR-targeting and chemotherapy treatments have lower percentages of AR nuclear localization (38.3±7.4%) as compared to patients that have progressed on AR-targeting therapies (60.4±4.9%). We have also identified significant heterogeneity in both AR localization and total AR protein expression that correlated with treatment history. Furthermore, CTCs have been identified in having 100 % AR nuclear localization in patients undergoing AR targeted therapies, indicating a possible subpopulation of CTCs that exhibit resistance phenotypes. mRNA was also extracted from CTCs of men with CRPC for analysis of AR splice variant expression. Results showed various levels of splice variant expression from men previously on AR targeting therapies. These studies indicate that a comprehensive, real-time analysis of the AR can be serially assessed for early signs of tumor resistance to AR targeting agents. Citation Format: Lindsay N. Strotman, Jamie Sperger, Benjamin Casavant, Stephanie Theide, David Beebe, Joshua Lang. Molecular interrogation of the androgen receptor in circulating tumor cells to identify therapeutic resistance to androgen targeting therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4814. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4814
Multiple metal contamination from house paints: consequences of power sanding and paint scraping in New Orleans.
Authors: H W Mielke, E T Powell, A Shah, C R Gonzales, P W Mielke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Power sanding exterior paint is a common practice during repainting of old houses in New Orleans, Louisiana, that triggers lead poisoning and releases more than Pb. In this study we quantified the Pb, zinc, cadmium, manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium in exterior paint samples collected from New Orleans homes (n = 31). We used interior dust wipes to compare two exterior house-painting projects. House 1 was measured in response to the plight of a family after a paint contractor power sanded all exterior paint from the weatherboards. The Pb content (approximately 130,000 microg Pb/g) was first realized when the family pet died; the children were hospitalized, the family was displaced, and cleanup costs were high. To determine the quantity of dust generated by power sanding and the benefits of reducing Pb-contaminated dust, we tested a case study house (house 2) for Pb (approximately 90,000 microg/g) before the project was started; the house was then dry scraped and the paint chips were collected. Although the hazards of Pb-based paints are well known, there are other problems as well, because other toxic metals exist in old paints. If house 2 had been power sanded to bare wood like house 1, the repainting project would have released as dust about 7.4 kg Pb, 3.5 kg Zn, 9.7 g Cd, 14.8 g Cu, 8.8 g Mn, 1.5 g Ni, 5.4 g Co, 2.4 g Cr, and 0.3 g V. The total tolerable daily intake (TTDI) for a child under 6 years of age is 6 microg Pb from all sources. Converting 7.4 kg Pb to this scale is vexing--more than 1 billion (10(9)) times the TTDI. Also for perspective, the one-time release of 7.4 x 10(9) microg of Pb dust from sanding compares to 50 x 10(9) microg of Pb dust emitted annually per 0.1 mile (0.16 km) from street traffic during the peak use of leaded gasoline. In this paper, we broaden the discussion to include an array of metals in paint and underscore the need and possibilities for curtailing the release of metal dust.
CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Determinations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus were made on the blood of 5 groups of normal animals over periods of 4 to 8 months. The material included animals from recently acquired stocks as well as animals that had been living under laboratory conditions for long periods of time. The results were analyzed with especial reference to the occurrence of periodic and progressive variations in the absolute amounts of calcium and inorganic phosphorus and the relations between the two substances. It was found that, among animals living in the laboratory, both calcium and inorganic phosphorus, as well as all expressions of the equilibrium between the two substances, exhibited a definite tendency to a progressive increase or decrease) as the case might be, and that clearly defined periodic variations occurred in all classes of animals. The progressive change was most marked in the case of inorganic phosphorus, the periodic change in the case of calcium, while both conditions were dearly shown by various expressions of the relation between calcium and inorganic phosphorus.
GP who persuaded his wife to try heroin is suspended for nine months
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Scottish GP whose wife collapsed after he persuaded her to try heroin has been suspended from the medical register for nine months.

Ashley Sibery’s 2012 conviction for culpable and reckless conduct over the incident, and a separate conviction for driving over the alcohol limit within days of being charged for the first offence, meant that his fitness to practise was impaired, the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service decided.

Sibery was at his Edinburgh home with his wife, Sital, on 1 April 2012 when she confronted him …
Neuropeptide Y stimulates bile secretion via Y1 receptor in the left dorsal vagal complex in rats
Authors: Masashi Yoneda, Kimihide Nakamura, Shiro Yokohama, Keisuke Tamori, Yoichi Sato, Kazunobu Aso, Masaru Aoshima, Toru Kono, Isao Makino
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid and the left dorsal vagal complex enhances bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion through vagal muscarinic pathways in animal models. NPY binds to and activates six different receptor subtypes, and NPY Y1 and Y2 receptors are distributed in the dorsal vagal complex. We sought to determine which NPY receptor subtypes are involved in central stimulation of bile secretion by examining the effect of microinjection of specific NPY receptor agonists into the dorsal vagal complex. The bile duct was cannulated in urethane-anesthetized and bile acid-compensated rats. After measuring basal secretion, NPY, peptide YY (PYY), [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY, NPY(13-36), or NPY(3-36) was microinjected into the either right or left dorsal vagal complex and bile secretion was observed for 100 minutes. Hepatic branch vagotomy was performed 2 hours before the peptide injection. Microinjection of NPY and PYY (8 pmol) into the left dorsal vagal complex increased bile secretion. [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY microinjected into the left dorsal vagal complex also dose-dependently (1-8 pmol) stimulated bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion. Microinjection of NPY(13-36) into the left dorsal vagal complex did not stimulate and NPY(3-36) dose-dependently inhibited bile secretion. Stimulation of bile secretion by [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY was abolished by hepatic branch vagotomy. NPY acts in the left dorsal vagal complex to stimulate bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion via Y1 receptor subtype.
Top up fees in England will create a two tier education system in United Kingdom
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The proposed top up fees for university students in England will create a two tier higher education system in the United Kingdom and disadvantage medical training in Scotland, doctors have warned.

The BMA in Scotland is concerned that it will lead to a “brain drain” of medical academics from Scotland to better funded posts and institutions in England. At the same time, more English students may be attracted to study in Scotland, where top up …
The Concept of Psychosomatic Disorder
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

The clinical concepts related to the assessment of psychosocial factors in the medically ill are reviewed, with particular reference to the DSM-III-R categories of adjustment disorders, psychological factors affecting physical conditions, and somatoform disorders. The clinical and heuristic value of the concepts of psychosomatic disorder and abnormal illness behavior is underscored.
Abstract IA1: Metastasis and diversity in breast cancer
Authors: Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells within tumors underlies metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance, thus, it is a major clinical problem. We have characterized intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity by immunoFISH (iFISH) in primary tumor, lymph node, and distant metastases from the same patient and breast tumor biopsies before and after treatment. We found that distant metastases were highly divergent in some patients and that intratumor diversity associated with tumor subtype and response to treatment. We have also developed preclinical models to assess the functional relevance of intratumor heterogeneity in breast cancer and found cooperative clonal interactions that may promote metastatic progression and contribute to therapeutic resistance. In addition, our analyses of associations between clonal frequency and drivers of tumor growth have revealed some unexpected findings. Our results highlight the importance of exploring and understanding tumors at the single cell level to be able to predict and overcome disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Citation Format: Kornelia Polyak. Metastasis and diversity in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA1.
Associations of Anisometropia with Unilateral Amblyopia, Interocular Acuity Difference, and Stereoacuity in Preschoolers
Authors: Gui-shuang Ying, Jiayan Huang, Maureen G. Maguire, Graham Quinn, Marjean Taylor Kulp, Elise Ciner, Lynn Cyert, Deborah Orel-Bixler
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC MUSCULAR ATROPHY IN AN ADULT
Authors: Wingate M. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Mrs. R. P. F., aged 34, the mother of three healthy children of 2, 9 and 12 years, was in good health until a year ago, when she began to experience muscular weakness, especially of the legs. This weakness has progressed until now she cannot rise from a sitting or lying position without assistance. Physical examination revealed a typical picture of the pseudohypertrophic type of musclar atrophy. The legs were quite large in proportion to the rest of the body, and felt firm to the touch. The abdomen was prominent, on account of the marked lordosis position when standing. The muscles of the arms and chest were shrunken. The tendon reflexes were absent. On attempting to rise from a chair, the patient assumed the attitude, so familiar in textbook pictures, of climbing up on her thighs with her hands. Even then she had to have assistance from her husband before she
Negative Benzodioxane Test in Presence of a Phaeochromocytoma
Authors: H. P. Tulloh
Journal: BMJ (1952)

FAMILIAL ERYTHEMA NODOSUM ME Robinson (1926) described three cases.Lendon (1925), in a survey, quoted 10 instances of outbreaks of erythema nodosum; in two of these there was a subsequent tuberculous infection.Demole (1933) reported three cases in a dressmaking school where a tuberculous source was found.He also states that in the nineteenth century there were widespread epidemics of erythema nodosum in Bosnia, Jutland, and Turkey.Waligren investigated an outbreak which occurred in a class of 34 girls: 18 suffered simultaneously from a febrile condition.On follow-up 12 of these subsequently developed erythema nodosum within 6 to 10 weeks.Three months previously there had been an open case of pulmonary tuberculosis in the class.Further small series with a tuberculous aetiology are reported by Lannois (1892), Ledoux (1932), Parisot and Saleur (1933), Bertoye and Bernheim (1935), and Mouriquand and Weill (1937).Cibils Aguirre (1933) has collected a number of series of " familial erythema nodosum" cases with a probable tuberculous cause.It seems likely that most of these multiple cases of erythema nodosum have been associated with a primary tuberculous infection.It is true that a definite tubercu- lous contact has not been found in some of these, but perhaps the contact was of a transient and elusive nature. SummaryThe possible aetiology of erythema nodosum is discussed.It is a non-specific reaction to a variety of allergens.The most important of these is the association of erythema nodosum with a primary tuberculous infection.A report is given of three cases occurring simultane- ously in one family.In these there was a definite tuberculous cause.Previous reports of similar cases are reviewed.
Fluoxetine and Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Richard Balon
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his response to a question from Dr Drucker about fluoxetine (Prozac) and sexual dysfunction, Dr Hollander<sup>1</sup>states that sexual dysfunction with fluoxetine occurs in up to 1.9% of patients. Even though the<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i><sup>2</sup>still carries this figure, this is no longer believed to reflect the true incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with fluoxetine and other antidepressants. Several studies reported sexual dysfunction with fluoxetine as being much higher, ranging from 7.8%<sup>3</sup>to 34%.<sup>4</sup>Orgasmic dysfunction associated with fluoxetine and other antidepressants in males has been described in these studies.<sup>3,4</sup> Different management approaches have been suggested, including oral yohimbine,<sup>4</sup>switching to or adding buproprion, addition of buspirone, and various other approaches. For an excellent summary see the review by Seagraves.<sup>5</sup> While depression may have been the source of sexual dysfunction in the case discussed in<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>1</sup>the patient's
[554] VARIATION OF HEPATITIS C (HC) DETECTION RATE IN A FRENCH POPULATION ACCORDING TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT AND DISTANCE TO MEDICAL CARE
Authors: E. Monnet, C. Ramee, A. Minello, E. Collin, V. Jooste, P. Evrard, D. Carel, J.P. Miguel, P. Hillon, V. Di Martino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Unnecessary skiing injuries.
Authors: R Robak, A Benjamin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Unnecessary skiing injuries. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
The Significance of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination in the Management of Chlorpropamide-induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: Naomi Kaplinsky, Otto Frankl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Chlorpropamide-induced hypoglycemia is often overlooked, misdiagnosed, and mistreated, because of the atypical, insidious, and intermittent clinical picture and because of the normal serum glucose level in some of the patients when arriving at the hospital. These facts are demonstrated in three case reports. Since the correction of low glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid occurs hours after its correction in the serum, examining and at times following the cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels in patients with chlorpropamide-induced neuroglycopenia will enable physicians to diagnose and cure more patients. A high index of suspicion should exist in the presence of any atypical encephalopathy, mainly in the elderly diabetic patient treated with chlorpropamide and suffering from impaired cerebral, hepatic, or renal function. By suspecting and identifying neuroglycopenia, disabling residual deficits and even death could eventually be prevented.
Diagnosis of Focal Hepatic Lesions
Authors: James H. Pritchard
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The detection of space-occupying lesions by routine radiocolloid liver scans is well established. However, a wide variety of pathological processes produce the same scan changes. Gallium 67 concentrates in tissues affected with many neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. Ultrasound B scanning accurately differentiates cystic lesions from those composed of solid tissue. These modalities are complementary and, in combination, can increase the diagnostic specificity of focal hepatic lesions. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1463-1465, 1974)
A detachable coating of cholesterol-anchored PEG improves tumor targeting of cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposomes
Authors: Jie Tang, Li Zhang, Han Fu, Qifang Kuang, Huile Gao, Zhirong Zhang, Qin He
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used to enhance the membrane translocation of various carriers for many years, but the non-specificity of CPPs seriously limits their utility in vivo. In this study, cholesterol-anchored, reduction-sensitive PEG (first synthesized by our laboratory) was applied to develop a co-modified liposome with improved tumor targeting. Following optimization of the formulation, the in vitro and in vivo properties of the co-modified liposome were evaluated. The co-modified liposome had a much lower cellular uptake and tumor spheroid uptake, but a much higher tumor accumulation compared to CPP-modified liposome, indicating the non-specific penetration of CPPs could be attenuated by the outer PEG coating. With the addition of exogenous reducing agent, both the in vitro and in vivo cellular uptake was markedly increased, demonstrating that the reduction-sensitive PEG coating achieved a controllable detachment from the surface of liposomes and did not affect the penetrating abilities of CPPs. The present results demonstrate that the combination of cholestervsitive PEG and CPPs is an ideal alternative for the application of CPP-modified carriers in vivo.
Responsibility of the educator.
Authors: W. E. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Any candid observer of the phenomena of modern society will readily admit that bores must be classed among the enemies of the human race; and a little consideration will probably lead him to the further admission, that no species of that extensive genus of noxious creature is more objectionable than the educational bore."'T H Huxley, who was right about most things, was right about that.Only rarely does education become a topic of some general interest, but this may be one of those rare moments because two irresistible forces are impelling us into an era of change and compelling the educators to rethink their responsibilities.
First reliable data suggest a possible increase in suicides in Greece
Authors: Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Sotirios A Koupidis, Ilias A Grammatikopoulos, Pavlos N Theodorakis
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Arie recently reported that suicide and murder rates rose by 22.7% between 2007 and 2009 in Greece as a consequence of austerity.1 Previously, the Greek Ministry of Health announced that the annual suicide rate might have increased by 40% and other authors reported a 17% increase in suicide rates during 2008-09.2 3 However, data from the …
SPIDER Surgical System for Urologic Procedures With Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery: From Initial Laboratory Experience to First Clinical Application
Authors: Georges-Pascal Haber, Riccardo Autorino, Humberto Laydner, Bo Yang, Michael A. White, Shahab Hillyer, Fatih Altunrende, Rakesh Khanna, Gregory Spana, Isac Wahib, Khaled Fareed, Robert J. Stein, Jihad H. Kaouk
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Detection and localization of prolonged epicardial electrograms with 64-lead body surface signal-averaged electrocardiography.
Authors: R A Freedman, M S Fuller, G M Greenberg, P R Ershler, R L Lux, T B McLaughlin, R Menlove, L S Green, D Moddrelle, R Krall
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Prolonged, fractionated ventricular electrograms often are detectable after myocardial infarction and are a marker for an arrhythmia-prone state. QRS late potentials detected on the body surface with signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) are thought to arise from the diseased tissue that generates prolonged ventricular electrograms and as such are also a marker for arrhythmias. A limitation of the current SAECG technique is that recordings are obtained from only three bipolar lead pairs. Because late potentials probably arise from multiple small sources in the heart, more extensive sampling of the body surface may contribute additional information to the SAECG: The present study investigates the additional sensitivity of SAECG using 64 body surface leads in detecting prolonged epicardial electrograms and examines its use in determining the epicardial location of prolonged electrograms. METHODS AND RESULTS Dogs were studied before and 5-10 days after either lateral left ventricular (n = 13) or right ventricular (n = 8) myocardial infarction. Greater prolongation of signal-averaged QRS duration was detected with 64-lead SAECG (postinfarction QRS duration, 100.3 +/- 16.3 msec) than with three-lead SAECG (postinfarction QRS duration, 89.4 +/- 10.1, p = 0.0005). Nineteen of the 21 dogs (90%) had prolonged epicardial electrograms detected over the infarct. The correlation between epicardial electrogram duration and signal-averaged QRS duration calculated from individual leads was much better for 64-lead SAECG (r = 0.88, p less than 0.0001) than for three-lead SAECG (r = 0.53, p = 0.01), and the difference was most marked in cases with longer electrogram durations (more than 100 msec). Local late potential maxima on the thorax after lateral left ventricular infarction were located to the left and inferior compared with those after right ventricular infarction (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS SAECG with more extensive recording from the body surface using 64 leads detects greater QRS prolongation than three-lead SAECG, and the longer QRS durations detected correspond to the duration of prolonged epicardial electrograms. Body surface location of late potentials corresponds to the epicardial location of the prolonged electrograms. This application of body surface mapping techniques to SAECG may permit more sensitive detection of arrhythmia-prone states and may aid in identifying arrhythmia sources.