tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF UNCINARIASIS.
Authors: THOMAS A. CLAYTOR
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The treatment of uncinariasis may be considered under three headings: First, the prophylactic treatment, or that directed toward the prevention of infection by the hook-worm; second, the means used to cause the expulsion of the parasite; third, the treatment of the anemia and debility resulting from the infection. Prophylaxis is of very great importance, and is a subject which requires careful consideration. It seems probable that infection takes place chiefly through the mouth, either in infected water or food, or through contaminated hands, which carry the parasite to the mouth. Looss, however, has apparently proven that the larvæ may penetrate the skin. A possible entrance through the air passages has also been suggested, but does not seem probable. A most important fact, and one which greatly simplifies the treatment of uncinariasis, is that there is no increase in the number of parasites in the intestinal tract of the victim. Each
Developing physical fitness for the elderly through sport and exercise.
Authors: H. Meusel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

For maintaining and developing motor mobility in old age motor activity is essential. We can take from the phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the human being how important physical activity is for personality development and for maintaining physical fitness in old age. Many phenomena, which have so far been thought to be due to natural consequences of the ageing process, can now be traced back to lack of physical activity. These findings are illustrated by examples referring to the most important subsystems of our organism (such as the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, etc.). To keep these subsystems and with them our organism as a whole functioning as well as possible, we must improve their specific adaptability through sports and exercise. Sports and exercise for the elderly as well as gymnastics for senior citizens should therefore adequately improve co-ordinative skills, the ability of the muscles to relax, joint flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, vegetative adaptability, stress tolerance, controlling body-weight, and resistance to infections.
Fisher's Inexact Test: Probability Too Serious to Be Left to Statisticians
Authors: Ronald S. Cormack
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  I am sure we all applaud the careful study by McKinney et al 1 that reviewed published errors in the use of Fisher's Exact Test. However, their case does not go far enough. Physicians are criticized for lack of care in statistics and for not consulting experts when needed, but is the statistical establishment itself above reproach here?  McKinney et al do not mention that statisticians advocate more than one way of finding the total probability in Fisher's Exact Test; the discrepancies between these methods can be just as great as that between the one- and twotailed P values. Worse still, the commonly recommended ways of finding the second tail can, in certain cases, give impossible P values. I have enumerated these anomalies and also have offered a solution that avoids them. 2,3 Of course, statisticians do not have to accept my solution; if a better one
Arrhythmia Management in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: William J. Groh, Deepak Bhakta
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapy of Severe Rheumatic Carditis
Authors: GABOR CZONICZER, FRANCISCO AMEZCUA, SALVATORE PELARGONIO, BENEDICT F. MASSELL
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A LTHOUGH adrenocortical steroid therapy has been available for 14 years, its value in acute rheumatic fever still remains contro- versial.The Cooperative Study 1 failed to dem- onstrate any significant difference between as- pirin and steroids with regard to their effect on residual heart disease.On the other hand, ex- tensive data collected at the House of the Good Samaritan 2 have shown that steroids in large dosage cause a considerably higher inci- dence of regression and disappearance of sig- nificant murmurs than does aspirin.The study of Dorfman et al.,3 which evaluates the effect of prolonged therapy with aspirin, steroids, and the combination of both drugs, comes to the same conclusion.Our clinical experience for some time has shown that the difference in results with ster- oids and aspirin therapy is especially striking in very ill patients with rheumatic carditis and that in such patients steroid therapy may be lifesaving.Because most clinicians have had the same experience, aspirin has, since the ad- vent of steroids, rarely been used in very severe rheumatic carditis.This fact has hin- dered the collection of reliable data comparing the effect of aspirin with that of steroids in severe rheumatic carditis and explains why such data cannot be found in the medical liter- ature.In an attempt to overcome this obstacle we have reviewed our experience with very ill patients observed at the House of the Good
Current Health Care Environment
Authors: Albert DiPiero
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 January 1999Current Health Care EnvironmentAlbert DiPiero, MD, MPHAlbert DiPiero, MD, MPHOregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed reading Dr. Nolan's vigorous and enthusiastic vision of the internist needed for the modern health care structure in the United States (1). His article has done much to assuage my gnawing premonition of a new world of health care: a world where the “generic primary care physician” handles all outpatient care by quickly triaging patients to organ-based internal medicine subspecialists and admits all patients needing hospitalization to critical care specialists.Dr. Nolan's discourse elucidates a powerful truth: At the end of the day, successful health care systems must provide high-quality care for sick patients. This ...Reference1. Nolan JP. Internal medicine in the current health care environment: a need for reaffirmation. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:857-62. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInternal Medicine in the Current Health Care Environment: A Need for Reaffirmation James P. Nolan Current Health Care Environment James P. Nolan Current Health Care Environment Edward J. Volpintesta Current Health Care Environment Gene H. Ginsberg Metrics 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 164-165KeywordsBehaviorCritical careGlobal healthHealth careHospitalizationsOutpatientsPatientsPrimary care physiciansSub-specialty careVision Issue Published: 19 January 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
High dose of antacid (Mylanta II) reduces bioavailability of ranitidine.
Authors: G W Mihaly, A T Marino, L K Webster, D B Jones, W J Louis, R A Smallwood
Journal: BMJ (1982)

To investigate the effect of antacid on the bioavailability and disposition of ranitidine six healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions one week apart. In the first study the received ranitidine 150 mg with 60 ml water, and in the second study they received ranitidine 150 mg plus 30 ml of an aluminium/magnesium hydroxide mixture (Mylanta II) and 30 ml water. Giving antacid reduced both the maximum plasma ranitidine concentration and the area under the curve by one-third; elimination of the drug was not changed. Thus giving a high dose of antacid significantly diminished the bioavailability of ranitidine.
Junior doctor is cleared of manslaughter after feeding tube error
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A junior doctor who was charged with manslaughter after a patient died because a feeding tube was incorrectly inserted was cleared last week after just 28 minutes' deliberation by a jury at Nottingham crown court.

Hiral Hazari, now 25, was accused of causing the death of 78 year old Maura Katherine O'Reilly by gross negligence when he was a 23 year old preregistration house officer, just six weeks into his first job.

Mrs O'Reilly, a mother of six, died after she was fed through a nasogastric tube that was wrongly fitted. …
Cardiac Teratoma in a Newborn With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Authors: Phalla Ou, Valérie Dorrière, Daniel Sidi, Damien Bonnet, Pascal Vouhé
Journal: Circulation (2006)

A newborn was referred to our department for severe cyanosis with cardiac systolic murmur.Echocardiography revealed in the right ventricle a 12-mm tumor with the typical aspects of a teratoma.The base of the tumor was implanted in the right ventricle apex and was composed of cysts of various sizes that were separated by solid areas.The sessile portion of the tumor invaginated during systole into the pulmonary artery trunk, causing severe obstruction (Fig-ure 1 and Movies I through III of the Data Supplement).Complete surgical resection was performed without complication.Histological examination confirmed the presumptive imaging diagnosis of cardiac teratoma, revealing extensive foci of necrosis, stratified squamous epithelium, salivary glandular tissue, and mature respiratory epithelium (Figure 2).The child remains free of symptoms and tumor 7 months after surgery.
Vectorcardiographs Analysis of the Psuedoinfarction Pattern in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis.
Authors: Edwin L. Rothfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Vectorcardiographs Analysis of the Psuedoinfarction Pattern in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis.Edwin L. Rothfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P., I. Richard Zucker, M.D.Edwin L. Rothfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, I. Richard Zucker, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-786_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough pathological Q waves that mimic those of myocardial infarction are often seen in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, their electrogenesis is poorly understood. The Frank vectorcardiographic system was used to analyze septal excitation in 14 patients with proved idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis whose scalar electrocardiograms showed abnormal Q waves. Initial or septal forces were abnormally displaced superiorly in three cases reflecting deep Q waves in inferior leads of the electrocardiogram. In four patients, the vectorcardiogram displayed large, initial, rightward forces corresponding to prominent Q waves in scalar leads I, aVL and V6. Abnormal superior and rightward initial forces were seen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edwin L. Rothfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; I. Richard Zucker, M.D.Affiliations: Newark, N.J. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 786-786KeywordsElectrocardiographyMyocardial infarctionStenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Anabolic Action of Testosterone
Authors: C. Wayne Bardin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The paper by Bhasin et al.1 in this issue of the Journal shows that a dose of testosterone enanthate (600 mg weekly for 10 weeks) that produces supraphysiologic serum concentrations of testosterone in men increases muscle size and strength and that the effects of exercise are additive to those of testosterone. Even though athletes have suggested for years that androgens increase muscle mass, there are two main reasons why it has taken until 1996 for this fact to be demonstrated in a clinical trial. First, most earlier studies did not control for the independent effects of testosterone and exercise. Bhasin . . .
Community hospitals--what is their Role?
Authors: K S Cliff
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The Department of Health and Social Security's document on community hospitals indicates the latter's function in the overall health services of a health district.'The DHSS suggests that surgical services should not extend beyond those which a general practitioner would expect to perform in his own practice or health centre.Facilities for general anaesthesia should be provided only for minor surgical procedures and for dentistry.Investigation at a 40-bed peripheral hospital (planned for development as a community hospital) showed that 19% of orthopaedic, 11% ,hof gynaecology, and 10%' of general surgery for the district was carried by this hospital.If the Department's guidance on surgical services was accepted in this district it could adversely affect the existing resources of the district general hospital.The resulting problem could be overcome only by increasing financial capital investment, which is contrary to the DHSS's present philosophy of maximising the use of existing resources.
Comparative effectiveness of axitinib versus sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Brian I Rini, Bernard Escudier, Piotr Tomczak, Andrey Kaprin, Cezary Szczylik, Thomas E Hutson, M Dror Michaelson, Vera A Gorbunova, Martin E Gore, Igor G Rusakov, Sylvie Negrier, Yen-Chuan Ou, Daniel Castellano, Ho Yeong Lim, Hirotsugu Uemura, Jamal Tarazi, David Cella, Connie Chen, Brad Rosbrook, Sinil Kim, Robert J Motzer
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Cholangiocarcinoma and Clonorchis sinensis infection: A case–control study in Korea
Authors: Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Kyun Lee, Seong Ho Choi, Jin Seok Heo, Kee-Taek Jang, Nam Yong Lee, Seonwoo Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Assessment of the hazards of polybrominated biphenyls.
Authors: F J Di Carlo, J Seifter, V J DeCarlo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

During their peak use period, PBBs represented under 1% of the total sales of fire retardant chemicals, and very probably would have escaped intensive study if they had not been mixed accidentally with animal feed preparations. Instead, international attention was drawn to PBBs by the state-supervised killing of over 35,000 cattle which had been contaminated with PBBs. Interestingly, low doses of PBBs exert a broad spectrum of toxicological, pharmacological, and biochemical effects despite low acute toxicity. These effects and the intensive bioaccumulation of PBBs derive from their structure and their consequent resistance of biotransformation and high solubility in fat. In rodents, PBBs are teratogenic, immunosuppressive, and potentially carcinogenic. In bovine, rodent, and avian species, PBBs reduce feed intake and induce mixed function oxidases of liver microsomes. The latter effect may be responsible for steroid level changes which underline hormonal toxicities observed in cows, mink, rats, and chickens. The effects of PBBs on humans are controversial, but data suggestive of immunological, skin, and liver disorders continue to accumulate. Concern about the clinical effects of PBBs is heightened by the knowledge that these compounds readily enter the fetus by crossing the placental barrier and can be transferred to newborn children after extensive passage into breast milk.
Erythroid-specific Human Factor IX Delivery From In Vivo Selected Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Nonmyeloablative Conditioning in Hemophilia B Mice
Authors: Alex H Chang, Matthias T Stephan, Leszek Lisowski, Michel Sadelain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

We have developed a lentiviral vector system for human factor IX (hFIX) gene transfer in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that provides erythroid cell-derived systemic protein delivery following nonmyeloablative conditioning and in vivo methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) drug selection. After bone marrow transplantation under moderate Busulfan conditioning, the initial hFIX expression in the chimeras was minimally detectable. However, the hFIX levels rose sharply following in vivo MGMT-drug selection and eventually reached a level that is considered curative in hemophilia B therapy (>500 ng/ml). The rise of hFIX levels was proportional to the increase in vector copy (VC) number in peripheral blood cells. High levels of hFIX expression were maintained in serially engrafted mice chimeras for 18 months. Importantly, high-level hFIX expression by erythroid cells did not result in anemia or adversely affect red blood cell counts. The prospect of combining reduced intensity conditioning, a presumably lowered risk of insertional mutagenesis due to low VC number requirement and erythroid-restricted transgene expression, as well as long-term protein expression at high level, strongly supports the potential applicability of adult stem cell-based gene therapy in nonlethal blood or metabolic disorders, as demonstrated here for hemophilia.
Environmental Exposures and Mammary Gland Development: State of the Science, Public Health Implications, and Research Recommendations
Authors: Ruthann A. Rudel, Suzanne E. Fenton, Janet M. Ackerman, Susan Y. Euling, Susan L. Makris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Perturbations in mammary gland (MG) development may increase risk for later adverse effects, including lactation impairment, gynecomastia (in males), and breast cancer. Animal studies indicate that exposure to hormonally active agents leads to this type of developmental effect and related later life susceptibilities. In this review we describe current science, public health issues, and research recommendations for evaluating MG development.The Mammary Gland Evaluation and Risk Assessment Workshop was convened in Oakland, California, USA, 16-17 November 2009, to integrate the expertise and perspectives of scientists, risk assessors, and public health advocates. Interviews were conducted with 18 experts, and seven laboratories conducted an MG slide evaluation exercise. Workshop participants discussed effects of gestational and early life exposures to hormonally active agents on MG development, the relationship of these developmental effects to lactation and cancer, the relative sensitivity of MG and other developmental end points, the relevance of animal models to humans, and methods for evaluating MG effects.Normal MG development and MG carcinogenesis demonstrate temporal, morphological, and mechanistic similarities among test animal species and humans. Diverse chemicals, including many not considered primarily estrogenic, alter MG development in rodents. Inconsistent reporting methods hinder comparison across studies, and relationships between altered development and effects on lactation or carcinogenesis are still being defined. In some studies, altered MG development is the most sensitive endocrine end point.Early life environmental exposures can alter MG development, disrupt lactation, and increase susceptibility to breast cancer. Assessment of MG development should be incorporated in chemical test guidelines and risk assessment.
Modification of myogenic intrinsic tone and [Ca2+]i of rat isolated arterioles by ryanodine and cyclopiazonic acid.
Authors: J Watanabe, A Karibe, S Horiguchi, M Keitoku, S Satoh, T Takishima, K Shirato
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in regulating myogenic tone and [Ca2+]i was examined with ryanodine and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in the rat skeletal muscle arteriole (A(sk)) and mesenteric arteriole (Ams). Arterioles were cannulated at both ends to control luminal pressure in a tissue bath. Luminal diameter was measured with a video-monitored microscopic system. Fura 2-AM was loaded to measure [Ca2+]i using the fluorescence intensity ratio at excitation wavelengths of 340 to 380 nm (F340/380). The myogenic response (luminal pressure was increased from 40 to 100 mm Hg) and the intrinsic tone at 40 mm Hg were observed in A(sk) but not in Ams. Ryanodine (10(-5) M decreased the steady-state diameter of A(sk) from 138 +/- 8 to 85 +/- 9 microns (P < .05) and increased the F340/380 ratio; these effects were reversed by nifedipine or Ca(2+)-free solution. Ryanodine shifted the [Ca2+]o-contraction response curve upward. CPA (10(-5) M) also decreased the steady-state diameter of A(sk) from 131 +/- 7 to 98 +/- 11 microns (P < .05). In contrast, Ams responded to neither ryanodine nor CPA. Caffeine-induced contractions were significantly reduced by either ryanodine or CPA in both arterioles. These results indicate that SR dysfunction increased the susceptibility of the arteriolar tone to [Ca2+]o and enhanced the tone of A(sk). In conclusion, the SR function may play a critical role in regulating [Ca2+]i and the intrinsic tone of A(sk) that was myogenically active at physiological luminal pressure.
Cumulative Live-Birth Rates in a Trial of Single-Embryo or Double-Embryo Transfer
Authors: Ann Thurin-Kjellberg, Catharina Olivius, Christina Bergh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The cumulative live-birth rates were 43.9% in the single-embryo-transfer group and 51.1% in the double-embryo-transfer group. The multiple-birth rate was significantly lower in the single-embryo-tr...