tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Common Office Dermatology
Authors: William P. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is an excellent little book that accomplishes all of the author's goals. Dr Dahl has chosen to limit the scope of his book to cutaneous problems seen routinely by the practicing dermatologist. The textbook is actually an updated compilation of a series of articles that appeared in<i>Modern Medicine</i>over a five-year span. The pictures are all excellent and in color. As the author hopes in his preface, this is a text to be read, not just to be used for reference. Because uncommon skin conditions are not included, the book is short (173 pages) and easy to read. The chapters are well organized and up to date. Especially good are the chapters on vasculitis, alopecia, and hand eczema. The clever use of tables and diagnostic maps enhances comprehension and packs a great deal of material into a handful of pages. The bulk of the text is devoted to
Parameters in the Prediction of the Sensitivity of Parathyroid Scanning
Authors: Alan Siegel, Michael Alvarado, Richard J. Barth, Matthew Brady, Jill Lewis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Although parathyroid scintigraphy with technetium-99m sestamibi has been shown to be a sensitive and specific test for the detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, false-negative studies occur. Our goal was to determine whether the presurgical parathyroid hormone level could be used to predict whether a scan would be positive or negative.A retrospective review of parathyroid scans was performed. Analysis included patients with surgical confirmation of a parathyroid adenoma and a documented parathyroid hormone (PTH) level obtained within 6 months of the scan. Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. A true-positive study was defined by the surgical finding of an adenoma on the side indicated by the scan. A scan was false-negative if it did not detect the adenoma found at surgery. A scan was false-positive if an adenoma was identified in the wrong side of the neck or if an adenoma was called but not found.Of 166 scans, 83 met the criteria for inclusion. There were 56 true-positives, 21 false-negatives, and 6 false-positives. The mean PTH in patients with true-positive scans was 367 pg/mL (range, 46-3231 pg/mL) and with false-positive and false-negative scans was 148 pg/mL (range, 46-390 pg/mL). The difference was statistically significant.There is a correlation between the sensitivity of parathyroid scintigraphy and presurgical PTH. The overlap, however, of parathyroid hormone levels in positive and negative scans does not allow one to confidently preselect candidates for preoperative scanning.
A157: Macrophage Activation Syndrome-like Illness Due to an Activating Mutation in NLRC4
Authors: Scott Canna, Adriana Almeida de Jesus, Zuoming Deng, Sushanth Gouni, Bernadette Marrero, Stephen Brooks, Michael Dimattia, Yin Liu, Yan Huang, Nicole Plass, Dawn C. Chapelle, Gina Montealegre, Susanne Benseler, Ronald M. Laxer, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. While MAS has no known genetic basis, clinical similarity with a genetic disorder of impaired cytotoxicity known as primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has suggested shared pathogenesis. In contrast, other investigations have suggested innate immune dysregulation drives MAS.



Methods:

We performed detailed clinical, genetic, and immunologic evaluation of a patient with early onset, recurrent MAS-like disease including whole exome sequencing and analyses of serum cytokines, whole blood transcription, and stimulated monocyte and macrophage responses. We subsequently tested the effects of a de novo mutation in transfection experiments with a monocytic cell line.



Results:

We identified a 7 year-old female with recurrent episodes of fever, splenomegaly, transaminitis, pancytopenia, occasional evanescent rash, and massive hyperferritinemia since 6 months of age. Her Natural Killer cell function was normal, and she had no mutations in genes associated with HLH or hereditary periodic fever syndromes. Whole exome sequencing identified a de novo missense mutation in a highly conserved area in the nucleotide-binding region of the inflammasome component NLRC4. Interleukin (IL)-1b, Interferon a2, and particularly IL-18 were elevated in the patient's peripheral blood even during clinical quiescence. The patient's monocytes produced more of a number of inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation than controls, while monocyte-derived macrophages specifically over-produced IL-1b and IL-18. Transfection of THP1 monocytes with a plasmid bearing a mutant NLRC4 construct resulted in increased cell death and IL-1b production versus a wild-type plasmid. The patient showed short-term clinical improvement and ability to wean steroids with recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) therapy.



Conclusion:

While NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoinflammatory conditions, our data suggest that a mutation in the ADP binding domain of NLRC4 can result in MAS-like disease. This mutation may destabilize NLRC4's auto-inhibited conformation by altering ADP binding ([1]), resulting in enhanced/spontaneous activation and pathogenic production of IL-1b and IL-18. NLRC4 hyperactivity represents a novel mechanism of MAS/HLH pathogenesis.
THE OCCURRENCE OF LEUCOCYTE-PLATELET THROMBOSIS IN RHEUMATIC CARDITIS
Authors: Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Leucocyte-platelet thrombi, involving the smaller branches of the coronary blood vessels, have been found in the hearts of patients with active rheumatic fever and rheumatic carditis. A consistent correlation has been observed between the existence of these vascular lesions and the presence of typical Aschoff bodies. It is suggested that these cellular thrombi may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic carditis.
Planning a Respiratory Unit
Authors: V. Hercus
Journal: BMJ (1962)

HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS MDRmJu necessarily have any pathological or aetiological con- nexion at all.Go to Dakar and you will see anything up to 13 patients lying in the ward with primary carcinoma of the liver and perhaps 9 of those will have no cirrhosis at all.Dr. BooTH: Experimentally the factors which produce "nutritional " cirrhosis in the rat may also produce liver tumours.So there is good evidence that the same sort of thing as is liable to produce cirrhosis in an animal can produce hepatic carcinoma.Dr. DAVIES: I would agree.I think that cirrhosis and carcinoma may both be manifestations of the same aetiological agencies, but I don't think the connexion is necessarily-in fact it is surely not-from normal via cirrhosis to carcinoma.Dr. Boom: You mean you don't believe in the suggestion that it is a regeneration nodule "gone wrong" ?Professor MCMICHAEL: We shall have to discuss that again another day.
Personal Health Records and Medical Care Use—Reply
Authors: Ted E. Palen
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Technique of Scanning for Meckel??s Diverticulum
Authors: PARSHAN RAM SINGH, CHARLES D. RUSSELL, EVA V. DUBOVSKY, WILLIAM M. BRIDGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

99mTc-pertechnetate scanning is now recognized as a useful means of detecting Meckel's diverticula. When these contain gastric mucosa and present with ulceration and bleeding, the ectopic gastric mucosa can be identified by its secretion of 99mTc-pertechnetate. However, the secretions of normal gastric and salivary glands can pool in the gut and simulate a Meckel's diverticulum. We believe the diagnostic procedure of choice to include both continuous nasogastric suction and continuous sequential gamma camera images. To support this view, we present cases illustrating 1) that 99mTc-pertechnetate can appear in the bowel within the first few minutes of administering 99mTc-pertechnetate, even in the absence of a Meckel's diverticulum; 2) that rapid sequential camera views are helpful but not definitive in distinguishing such bowel activity from a Meckel's diverticulum; and 3) that continuous nasogastric suction most successfully eliminates this interference.
Weapons Tests and Mutations
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VEGF-A induces tumor and sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Satoshi Hirakawa, Shohta Kodama, Rainer Kunstfeld, Kentaro Kajiya, Lawrence F. Brown, Michael Detmar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The mechanisms of tumor metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes are poorly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A plays a principle role in tumor progression and angiogenesis; however, its role in tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis has remained unclear. We created transgenic mice that overexpress VEGF-A and green fluorescent protein specifically in the skin, and subjected them to a standard chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis regimen. We found that VEGF-A not only strongly promotes multistep skin carcinogenesis, but also induces active proliferation of VEGF receptor-2–expressing tumor-associated lymphatic vessels as well as tumor metastasis to the sentinel and distant lymph nodes. The lymphangiogenic activity of VEGF-A–expressing tumor cells was maintained within metastasis-containing lymph nodes. The most surprising finding of our study was that even before metastasizing, VEGF-A–overexpressing primary tumors induced sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis. This suggests that primary tumors might begin preparing their future metastatic site by producing lymphangiogenic factors that mediate their efficient transport to sentinel lymph nodes. This newly identified mechanism of inducing lymph node lymphangiogenesis likely contributes to tumor metastasis, and therefore, represents a new therapeutic target for advanced cancer and/or for the prevention of metastasis.
Abstract P2-11-18: Immunohistochemical expression of ubiquitin ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) as a significant prognostic marker in postmenopausal invasive breast cancer patients
Authors: S Kurozumi, Y Yamaguchi, H Matsumoto, H Takei, Y Kobayashi, S-I Hayashi, J Yanagisawa, J Horiguchi, I Takeyoshi, M Kurosumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: CHIP is a U box type ubiquitin ligase that induces ubiquitination and degradation of its target proteins, which include several oncogenic proteins. We clarified that CHIP suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in human breast cancer by inhibiting oncogenic pathways (Nat Cell Biol 2009;11:312-9). In this study, we investigated the relationship between immunohistochemical CHIP expression and several biomarkers, and evaluated the correlation between CHIP expression and prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer. Patients and Methods: In this study, 272 consecutive patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type with invasion &amp;gt;5 mm, treated in 2000-2001, were enrolled. We performed immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against CHIP, ER, PgR, and HER2. Cytoplasmic expression patterns of CHIP were scored as 0 (no stain), 1 (weak stain), 2 (moderate stain), and 3 (strong stain), and divided into high CHIP (score 3) and low CHIP (score 2, 1, 0) groups. We investigated the relationship between CHIP expression and ER, PgR, HER2, histological grade (HG) and lymph node status (pN). We also evaluated correlation between CHIP expression and prognosis (RFS) of patients. Results: CHIP expression was as follows: score 0, 49 patients (18.0%); score 1, 91 (33.5%); score 2, 83 (30.5%); score 3, 49 (18.0%). High CHIP correlated significantly with positive ER (p&amp;lt;0.001), positive PgR (P&amp;lt;0.001), negative HER2 (p = 0.02), and low HG (p = 0.01). RFS was relatively better in the high CHIP group (49 patients) than the low CHIP group (223 patients) (p = 0.09). In addition, in postmenopausal patients, RFS was significantly better in the high CHIP group (23 patients) than the low CHIP group (133 patients) (p = 0.04); this was not so in premenopausal cases (p = 0.68). Furthermore, RFS was significantly better in CHIP score 3 and ER positive cases (42 patients) than in CHIP score 0 and ER negative cases (34 patients) (p = 0.03). Conclusions: CHIP expression correlated with status of hormone receptors and HER2 and might be a potent prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer patients, especially postmenopausal cases. Immunohistochemical examination of CHIP is thought to be useful for evaluating prognosis of breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-11-18.
Government faces "steep climb" to implement health bill amid professional opposition
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The health bill is expected to become law early next week after it passed its final parliamentary hurdle on 20 March in the House of Commons.

The coalition government won the final vote on the Health and Social Care Bill by a majority of 88, bringing to an end more than 12 months of debate and jostling over the new structure of the NHS in England. The Queen is expected to grant the bill royal assent in the next few days to make the bill law.

The bill is the most scrutinised piece of legislation for nearly 20 years, with more than 2000 tabled amendments and 50 days of parliamentary debate.

Shadow health secretary Andy Burnham promised that …
THE DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF THE HETEROPHILE ANTIBODY TEST IN LEUKEMIA
Authors: Alan Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

With the demonstration by Paul and Bunnell (1) of an increased titer of heterophile antibodies in the blood serum of patients suffering from in- fectious mononucleosis, the heterophile antibody test has been introduced into the field of clinical usefulness.Previous to the observations of thesc authors in 1932, it had been recognized that the blood of most normal individuals contained, in low concentrations, heterophile antibodies, in the form of agglutinins and hemolysins for sheep red blood cells.Following the administration of horse serum these antibodies appeared in increased titer (Davidsohn (2) ).Paul and Bunnell (1 ) reported four cases of infectious mononucleosis which showed heterophile agglutinins to a markedly in- creased titer.The essential features of their observations have been con- firmed by Rosenthal and Wenkebach (3), Boveri (4), Bunnell (5) and Bernstein (6).It is the purpose of this report to call attention to the very low titer of heterophile antibodies which exists with great constancy in the blood serum of patients with leukemia, to indicate the value of the heterophile antibody test in some conditions differentiated clinically from leukemias with diffi- culty, and to correlate the findings with previously known data concerning bacterial antibody responses in leukemias. METHODSThe technical details and symbols by which the results are recorded are identical with those described by Bernstein (6) in a previous paper which may be consulted. Heterophile antibodies in conditions other than letukenmiaIn normal individuals, and in patients suffering from a variety of dis- eases, sheep cell agglutinins may be present in dilutions ranging from 1 to 1 up to 1 to 16. Occasionally there will be no agglutination even in the 1 to 1 dilution.In a group of over 300 such cases, 30 per. cent showed no agglutination above 1 to 2 while 70 per cent fell in the range from 1 to 4 up to 1 to 16 (6).For purposes of convenience, the range below 1 to 4 677
Complete smoking cessation is beneficial in older and more advanced COPD patients
Authors: J. Zielinski, M. Bednarek, D. Gorecka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

but we stated that, according to our results, IFN-c based assays could reduce unnecessary chemoprophylaxis in non-M.tuberculosis infected children.In fact, BAKIR et al. [11] in a recent study concluded that a positive IFN-c based assay result predicted the development of active TB as well as the TST, allowing more focused preventive therapy to fewer contacts.In conclusion, we believe our results provide enough evidence that previous NTM sensitisation induces false-positive results in the TST for diagnosing LTBI; but, we also strongly agree with TEBRUEGGE et al. that additional studies are needed in order to clarify different issues related to the discordant IFN-c based assay results, and to assess the real utility in the management and benefit of a child population.
Oxidative stress and kidney dysfunction due to ischemia/reperfusion in rat: Attenuation by dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Manuela Aragno, Juan Carlos Cutrin, Raffaella Mastrocola, Maria-Giulia Perrelli, Francesca Restivo, Giuseppe Poli, Oliviero Danni, Giuseppe Boccuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Estimated Effects of Asian Dust Storms on Spatiotemporal Distributions of Clinic Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Taipei Children (Taiwan)
Authors: Lung-Chang Chien, Chiang-Hsing Yang, Hwa-Lung Yu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Increases in certain cause-specific hospital admissions have been reported during Asian dust storms (ADS), which primarily originate from north and northwest China during winter and spring. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the ADS and clinic visits for respiratory diseases in children.
hnRNP L regulates the tumorigenic capacity of lung cancer xenografts in mice via caspase-9 pre-mRNA processing
Authors: Rachel Wilson Goehe, Jacqueline C. Shultz, Charuta Murudkar, Sanja Usanovic, Nadia F. Lamour, Davis H. Massey, Lian Zhang, D. Ross Camidge, Jerry W. Shay, John D. Minna, Charles E. Chalfant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Caspase-9 is involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and suggested to play a role as a tumor suppressor. Little is known about the mechanisms governing caspase-9 expression, but post-transcriptional pre-mRNA processing generates 2 splice variants from the caspase-9 gene, pro-apoptotic caspase-9a and anti-apoptotic caspase-9b. Here we demonstrate that the ratio of caspase-9 splice variants is dysregulated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Mechanistic analysis revealed that an exonic splicing silencer (ESS) regulated caspase-9 pre-mRNA processing in NSCLC cells. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) interacted with this ESS, and downregulation of hnRNP L expression induced an increase in the caspase-9a/9b ratio. Although expression of hnRNP L lowered the caspase-9a/9b ratio in NSCLC cells, expression of hnRNP L produced the opposite effect in non-transformed cells, suggesting a post-translational modification specific for NSCLC cells. Indeed, Ser52 was identified as a critical modification regulating the caspase-9a/9b ratio. Importantly, in a mouse xenograft model, downregulation of hnRNP L in NSCLC cells induced a complete loss of tumorigenic capacity that was due to the changes in caspase-9 pre-mRNA processing. This study therefore identifies a cancer-specific mechanism of hnRNP L phosphorylation and subsequent lowering of the caspase-9a/9b ratio, which is required for the tumorigenic capacity of NSCLC cells.
A CASE OF RETENTION CYST OF THE FRONTAL SINUS.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: F. B. EATON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In January, 1893, an Italian aged about 26 years, consulted me concerning what appeared to be an osteoma at the upper and inner angle of the right orbit. Three years before, the skin over the right brow and upper lid became red and swollen. The redness disappeared in three weeks; the swelling remained. Six months later a soft swelling appeared where the tumor is. Sometimes there was pain over the right brow. Nose used to run before the swelling but has "dried up" since. The hard swelling has increased slightly in the past year. No specific history. Objectively the right eye was pushed downward and outward and there was some proptosis. The hard tumor, about the size of a hickory nut, was not tender to the touch. Nasal respiration was impeded by a very large polypoid in middle turbinated bodies, the right being fully one-half inch wide. Believing this condition
The heart is in good hands.
Authors: J Butler
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A review of mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions is presented and some extrapolations are made concerning cardiopulmonary resuscitation, with the following conclusions: (1) The cardiac fossa of the lungs provides a soft heart bed at normal lung volumes, but tenses at higher volumes to improve the support of the heart during postural changes. (2) The cardiac fossa is a physiologic constraint at normal heart volumes. It acts to restrict ventricular expansion before there is pericardial restriction. The physiologically useful interventricular interdependence is thereby promoted. (3) The effect of lung inflation in tensing the walls of the fossa may also sometimes embarrass both ventricles. Together with the raised intrathoracic pressure, it is responsible for the fall in left and right ventricular volumes and output during positive pressure ventilation. (4) New techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation depend on repeated, abrupt increases in pressure in both chest and abdomen, as in coughing.