tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CUTANEOUS FILARIAL INFECTION IN HUMAN BEINGS
Authors: Vincent T. J. Lenth
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Only rarely does one have the opportunity to observe a cutaneous filarial infection in the United States. A review of the literature reveals that such lesions have been observed only in widely separated areas throughout the world. Faust 1 summarized the reports of authorities from various countries and recorded 37 cases of unusual filarial infection. Twenty-nine of these were identified as due to dirofilaria, sub-genus nochtiella conjunctivae. Most of the cases originated in southern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean countries. Isolated specimens were obtained from Asia (two), Africa (two), the United States (three), and Argentina (one). Most of these lesions were manifested in single cutaneous nodules. A few involved some of the more highly specialized structures such as the orbit, cornea, and eyelid. In a few instances, the filaria exhibited migratory characteristics, the pathways of which could be traced.  All of the cases from the United States, as reported by Faust,
Mental health staff are anxious after murder of psychiatrist
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Police say mental health professionals in Australia are frightened of being attacked, after the murder of a leading mental health service administrator. At least one meeting of mental health staff has recently been held under armed guard.

Detectives have widened their inquiries around the country and even overseas after the stalking and shooting four times in the back of Dr Margaret Tobin, aged 50, at her offices in Adelaide on 15 October.

Dr Tobin, the director of the South Australian mental health services, was …
Noninvasive detection of regional myocardial ischemia using rubidium-81 and the scintillation camera: comparison with stress electrocardiography in patients with arteriographically documented coronary stenosis.
Authors: D S Berman, A F Salel, G L DeNardo, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The sensitivity of rest and stress myocardial perfusion studies using scintillation camera imaging of intravenously administered rubidium-81 (81Rb) in the detection of myocardial ischemia was compared to that of stress electrocardiography by relating results in 40 patients to the degree of stenosis delineated by coronary arteriography. Of 33 patients with greater than 75% stenosis of at least one of the three major coronary vessels (significant stenosis), rest and stress 81Rb imaging detected ventricular ischemia in 29 (88%) whereas simultaneous stress electrocardiography was positive (1 mm or greater horizontal ST-segment depression) in only 19 (58%) of the same patients. Five of the 29 patients who developed stress-induced scintigraphic evidence of ischemia did not develop angina or a positive electrocardiogram with stress. In 31 of the 33 patients with significant coronary stenosis, either the stress scintigram or the stress electrocardiogram was positive. In seven patients with less than 50% narrowing of a major coronary vessel on coronary arteriography, the stress scinitigrams were negative, whereas the stress electrocardiograms were positive in the two of these patients with the syndrome of angina with normal coronary arteriograms. It is concluded that high resolution images of the myocardium can be obtained with 81Rb using the scintillation camera with special shielding, and that rest and stress 81Rb scintigraphy appears to provide greater sensitivity and specificity when compared to stress electrocardiography in the nininvasive identification of significant coronary stenosis.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Logistics, Commodities, and Waste Management Requirements for Scale-Up of Services
Authors: Dianna Edgil, Petra Stankard, Steven Forsythe, Dino Rech, Kristin Chrouser, Tigistu Adamu, Sameer Sakallah, Anne Goldzier Thomas, Jennifer Albertini, David Stanton, Kim Eva Dickson, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background The global HIV prevention community is implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs across eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of reaching 80% coverage in adult males by 2015. Successful implementation will depend on the accessibility of commodities essential for VMMC programming and the appropriate allocation of resources to support the VMMC supply chain. For this, the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, has developed a standard list of commodities for VMMC programs. Methods and Findings This list of commodities was used to inform program planning for a 1-y program to circumcise 152,000 adult men in Swaziland. During this process, additional key commodities were identified, expanding the standard list to include commodities for waste management, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. The approximate costs for the procurement of commodities, management of a supply chain, and waste disposal, were determined for the VMMC program in Swaziland using current market prices of goods and services. Previous costing studies of VMMC programs did not capture supply chain costs, nor the full range of commodities needed for VMMC program implementation or waste management. Our calculations indicate that depending upon the volume of services provided, supply chain and waste management, including commodities and associated labor, contribute between US$58.92 and US$73.57 to the cost of performing one adult male circumcision in Swaziland. Conclusions Experience with the VMMC program in Swaziland indicates that supply chain and waste management add approximately US$60 per circumcision, nearly doubling the total per procedure cost estimated previously; these additional costs are used to inform the estimate of per procedure costs modeled by Njeuhmeli et al. in “Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa.” Program planners and policy makers should consider the significant contribution of supply chain and waste management to VMMC program costs as they determine future resource needs for VMMC programs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Coronary flow rate dependent enzyme release rate from normoxic and anoxic rat hearts in vitro
Authors: A VAN DER LAARSE, P R M VAN DIJKMAN, J C ALTONA, A C M ZOET, P V OEMRAWSINGH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Coronary flow rate dependent enzyme release rate from normoxic and anoxic rat hearts in vitro Get access A VAN DER LAARSE, A VAN DER LAARSE * From the Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands *Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to: Dr A van der Laarse, Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Building 20, University Hospital Leiden, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P R M VAN DIJKMAN, P R M VAN DIJKMAN From the Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J C ALTONA, J C ALTONA From the Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A C M ZOET, A C M ZOET From the Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P V OEMRAWSINGH P V OEMRAWSINGH From the Laboratory of Cardiobiochemistry, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 7, July 1984, Pages 438–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.7.438 Published: 01 July 1984
Factor XI Deficiency-Reply
Authors: John V. Federico
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  Dr Soloway presents a number of pertinent questions and comments, certain of which were spoken to in the original editorially scrutinized manuscript, later contracted for publication. Answers to his specific questions are as follows: (1) 45 seconds; (2) kaolin; (3) no, specific factor analyses were performed, and only factor XI was below the generally accepted norms for the several factors; (4) no; and (5) no.  In 1953, Rosenthal described a type of hemophilia owing to plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency (PTA), or hemophilia C.1Following elucidation of this defect, other cases were reported in the literature. Two types of patients were defined. The first group was severely affected with multiple episodes of bleeding and hemorrhage; a second group was much less symptomatic, often only identifiable by clotting factor analysis. The severely affected group on clotting factor analysis was noted to have a factor XI level of 20% of
Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.
Authors: Leif G Salford, Arne E Brun, Jacob L Eberhardt, Lars Malmgren, Bertil R R Persson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for the human body is a growing concern for our society. We have previously shown that weak pulsed microwaves give rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier. In this study we investigated whether a pathologic leakage across the blood-brain barrier might be combined with damage to the neurons. Three groups each of eight rats were exposed for 2 hr to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone electromagnetic fields of different strengths. We found highly significant (p< 0.002) evidence for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia in the brains of exposed rats.
Is bran useful in diverticular disease?
Authors: T Allen-Mersh, L R De Jode
Journal: BMJ (1982)

better staffed welfare homes with trained nursing staff, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social workers, and chiropodists, and with a regular visit from the GP, seem to be the answer.Further- more, the criteria for acceptability of patients for these welfare homes will need to be redefined.Certainly a significant number of chronic elderly invalids do not need to be greeted by a consultant geriatrician on the ward round, and in any case a hospital can never be a home; but the welfare home would be a home for its residents.
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure.
Authors: S H Kubo, T S Rector, A J Bank, R E Williams, S M Heifetz
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Endothelial cells produce a number of substances, collectively termed endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), that promote local relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Although studies have demonstrated defects in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, there are only limited data from human subjects because of the difficulty in obtaining fresh vascular segments. METHODS AND RESULTS To address the hypothesis that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure, we measured forearm blood flow responses to the intra-arterial administration of methacholine, a known stimulus of EDRF release through muscarinic receptors. In 14 normal subjects, a dosage range of methacholine increased forearm blood flow by 5.26 +/- 0.63, 10.50 +/- 0.63, and 13.22 +/- 0.86 ml/min/100 ml forearm volume (FAV); these responses were 1.98 +/- 0.46, 5.48 +/- 0.79, and 8.50 +/- 1.53 ml/min/100 ml FAV in 14 patients with heart failure. When pooled over all doses, the responses were strikingly less in the patients with heart failure (5.32 +/- 0.31 versus 9.52 +/- 0.60 ml/min/100 ml FAV; p = 0.0003). In a second study, the average difference in forearm blood flow responses between patients with heart failure and normal subjects with methacholine was significantly greater than the average difference between the groups with nitroprusside (4.04 +/- 1.10 versus 2.20 +/- 0.71 ml/min/100 ml FAV; p = 0.04). The decreased methacholine responses in the patients with heart failure were not related to age (r = 0.39; p = NS) or etiology because there was no difference in the responses between patients with ischemic heart disease and those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure. Although the mechanisms of the decreased endothelium-dependent responses in heart failure are not known, this impaired local vasodilation may contribute to abnormalities in vasoconstriction that are characteristic of heart failure.
Variation in caesarean delivery rates
Authors: M. Knight, E. A. Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We present the case of a 20-year-old woman, primigravida with 24 weeks of amenorrhoea due to pregnancy. She came with symptoms of rapidly increasing size of both the breasts since 8 weeks. On examination, both breasts were grossly enlarged, right more than left, with the level of the nipples reaching beyond the level of the umbilicus. Breast circumference was measured to be 72 cm on the right, and left breast was 66 cm. No palpable lumps in both breasts. No axillary lymphadenopathy noted. Hormonal studies were found to be within the normal range. The pregnancy was terminated due to pre-eclampsia. The patient opted for regular follow-up and observation. While regularly following up, the size of both breasts was observed to gradually reduce to a circumference of 40 cm on the right and 30 cm on the left.
Change in NHS regulations may have caused increase in malaria
Authors: P Badrinath, O O Ejidokun, N Barnes, S Ramaiah
Journal: BMJ (1998)

—EDITOR— The regulations for prescribing malaria prophylaxis within the NHS were modified in February1995 to allow general practitioners to charge patients for prescribing these drugs when they were to be used during travel abroad.1 It was suggested that the cost to travellers of chemoprophylaxis against malaria might prevent them taking any, or the most appropriate, drug, which could lead to an increase in malaria in Britain.2 Another report found that over a third of cases of malaria in Britain occur in immigrants from endemic areas who travel abroad to visit friends and relatives; …
Androgens and Erythropoiesis
Authors: Frank H. Gardner, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DURING the past eight years androgen therapy has proved to be efficacious for the anemia of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.1 2 3 Although our initial report on this subject presented data showing improvement in circulating hemoglobin concentration in the first 9 patients treated2 our subsequent experience has been less fortunate. There is no doubt that some patients with this disorder do not respond favorably to androgen therapy. A few who do not respond favorably may actually worsen as a result of therapy. The purpose of this communication is to present clinical and erythrokinetic data gathered in a group of 21 patients. The . . .
Tri-iodothyronine induces hepatocyte proliferation by protein kinase a-dependent β-catenin activation in rodents
Authors: Maura Fanti, Sucha Singh, Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Amedeo Columbano, Satdarshan P. Monga
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Thyroid hormone (T3), like many other ligands of the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily, is a strong inducer of liver cell proliferation in rats and mice. However, the molecular basis of its mitogenic activity, which is currently unknown, must be elucidated if its use in hepatic regenerative medicine is to be considered. F-344 rats or C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing T3 for 2-7 days. In rats, administration of T3 led to an increased cytoplasmic stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in pericentral hepatocytes with a concomitant increase in cyclin-D1 expression. T3 administration to wild-type (WT) mice resulted in increased hepatocyte proliferation; however, no mitogenic response in hepatocytes to T3 was evident in the hepatocyte-specific β-catenin knockout mice (KO). In fact, T3 induced β-catenin-TCF4 reporter activity both in vitro and in vivo . Livers from T3-treated mice demonstrated no changes in Ctnnb1 expression, activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, known to phosphorylate and eventually promote β-catenin degradation, or E-cadherin-β-catenin association. However, T3 treatment increased β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675, an event downstream of protein kinase A (PKA). Administration of PKA inhibitor during T3 treatment of mice and rats as well as in cell culture abrogated Ser675-β-catenin and simultaneously decreased cyclin-D1 expression to block hepatocyte proliferation. Conclusion : We have identified T3-induced hepatocyte mitogenic response to be mediated by PKA-dependent β-catenin activation. Thus, T3 may be of therapeutic relevance to stimulate β-catenin signaling to in turn induce regeneration in selected cases of hepatic insufficiency. (Hepatology 2014;59:2309–2320)
Role of prostaglandin-H synthase in mediating genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of estrogens.
Authors: G H Degen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been found to be oxidized in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by prostaglandin-H synthase (PGH synthase). It is hypothesized that PGH synthase mediates adverse effects of DES and other carcinogenic estrogens such as induction of neoplastic transformation and genotoxicity. Interest in PGH synthase-catalyzed reactions focuses on two aspects: oxidation and metabolic activation of stilbene and steroid estrogens by PGH synthase, and modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis via effects of these compounds on PGH synthase. Studies of the former aspect of PGH synthase-catalyzed in vitro metabolism have revealed that cooxidation of DES, DES analogues, and steroid estrogens gives rise to reactive intermediates; DES and DES analogues known to transform SHE cells are metabolized by PGH synthase in vitro; PGH synthase catalyzes both the formation and oxidation of catechol metabolites from steroid estrogens, and reactive intermediates from DES and from steroid estrogens are stable enough to bind both to the catalytic enzyme PGH synthase and to other proteins. The data support the contention that PGH synthase-catalyzed metabolic activation plays a role in the induction of neoplastic transformation by stilbene and steroid estrogens but is not conclusive evidence for a cause-effect relationship. More recently, two closely related DES indanyl analogues have been found to differ in their interaction with PGH synthase: indenestrol A is cooxidized and activated like DES, whereas indenestrol B inhibits the enzyme. They provide useful tools to test the above hypothesis from a new perspective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Turcot's syndrome and its mode of inheritance.
Authors: H Itoh, K Ohsato, T Yao, M Iida, H Watanabe
Journal: Gut (1979)

Two sisters with Turcot9s syndrome, in which malignant cerebral neoplasms are associated with colonic polyposis, are presented. Cases reported in the literature, including some familial cases, have also been analysed. In familial cases, sex was unrelated to the occurrence of this disease and it was found only among siblings of the same parents and not in other members of the family. There was consanguinity in the parents of the patients in two out of three families. We therefore concluded that the mode of inheritance in this condition is autosomal recessive and that it is genetically distinct from the ordinary form of familial polyposis coli. Support is lent to the absence of an association between the two disorders by a difference in the number, size, and distribution of the colonic polyps found in Turcot9s syndrome as compared with familial polyposis coli.
Optimal Time of Administration of Insulin Lispro. Importance of meal composition
Authors: Mark W J Strachan, Brian M Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To compare the glucodynamics of pre- and postprandial administration of insulin lispro using test meals of differing composition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty subjects with IDDM were studied on four separate occasions. Ten subjects ingested high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts with a large liquid component, and 10 subjects ingested high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts in a more solid form. With each meal, insulin lispro was injected 10 min preprandial on one occasion and 20 min postprandial on another. The magnitude and temporal pattern of postprandial glucose excursions were observed. RESULTS With all meal types studied, postprandial blood glucose excursions were significantly smaller when insulin lispro was administered preprandially (P &amp;lt; 0.05). With both high-carbohydrate meals and the liquid high-fat meal, preprandial administration of lispro was associated with modest postprandial increments of blood glucose. With the solid high-fat meal, preprandial lispro produced a cumulative decline in postprandial blood glucose, whereas blood glucose rose when lispro was administered postprandially. CONCLUSIONS For meals with a high carbohydrate content, the optimal time of administration of lispro is preprandial. However, for meals with a high solid fat content, postprandial administration of lispro may be preferable.
Defective response to interferons in cells transfected with the hepatitis B virus genome
Authors: Morikazu Onji, Andrew M. L. Lever, Izumu Saito, Howard C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The interferon responsiveness of two cell lines transfected with the hepatitis B virus genome was investigated. A cosmid vector containing multiple copies of the hepatitis B virus genome was transfected into FL5-1 cells; it reduced their sensitivity to interferons as measured by inhibition of the cytopathic effect of Sindbis virus challenge. Similar vectors transfected into HeLa cells reduced their sensitivity to interferon as measured by production of beta 2-microglobulin. This resistance to interferon in hepatitis B virus-transfected cells may be a trans-acting phenomenon related to nucleotide homology between hepatitis B virus DNA and sequences regulating the interferon-induced antiviral system. Alternatively, other mechanisms involving transcription or translation products of hepatitis B virus may be responsible. Hepatitis B virus-induced cellular resistance to the action of interferon may be important in maintaining the chronic carrier state.
Down syndrome and GATA1 mutations in transient abnormal myeloproliferative disorder: mutation classes correlate with progression to myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rika Kanezaki, Tsutomu Toki, Kiminori Terui, Gang Xu, RuNan Wang, Akira Shimada, Asahito Hama, Hirokazu Kanegane, Kiyoshi Kawakami, Mikiya Endo, Daisuke Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Kogawa, Souichi Adachi, Yasuhiko Ikeda, Shotaro Iwamoto, Takashi Taga, Yoshiyuki Kosaka, Seiji Kojima, Yasuhide Hayashi, Etsuro Ito
Journal: Blood (2010)