tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Use and Laboratory Values in the Elderly-Reply
Authors: Joseph G. Ouslander
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Levy makes a valid point that drug therapy can sometimes produce abnormalities on laboratory test results. We did not collect specific data on drug therapy for each patient during this study, but more than 90% of our population was taking at least one drug, and most patients were taking two or more. Thus, it is certainly possible that some of the abnormal results could have been due to drug effects. In fact, we did indicate that some of the abnormalities (eg, electrolyte disturbances and azotemia) were related to drug therapy for chronic conditions. The main thrust of our article was, however, to determine the benefit of routine annual laboratory tests in a nursing home population, not simply to discover the incidence of abnormal results. Dr Levy's point about drug interference, while important in interpreting abnormal test results in individual patients, does not change the validity or the
Papilledema and Hypervitaminosis A
Authors: George Morrice
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Fedontin (<b>212</b>:628, 1970) describing the case of pseudotumor cerebri produced in an 18-year-old girl by hypervitaminosis A, includes the statement, "In none of the casesadults or children—has papilledema been the only finding." This patient was observed at Ohio State University Hospital. Oliver and Havener<sup>1</sup>described in 1958 the case of a 14-year-old girl with bilateral papilledema, as well as loss of hair, skin changes, migratory arthritic pains, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, hypomenorrhea, and generalized malaise. Serum vitamin A levels confirmed the diagnosis of hypervitaminosis A. Morrice et al<sup>2</sup>in 1960 described three cases in girls 14, 15, and 16 years with diplopia, papilledema, and other symptoms suggesting brain tumor. In addition to various individual complaints, each had hypomenorrhea, alopecia, and rhagades or other marked forms of dermatosis. Ironically, these four additional cases of papilledema due to hypervitaminosis A were all observed at
Impact of intravenous Beta-Blockade before primary angioplasty on survival in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Amir Halkin, Cindy L Grines, David A Cox, Eulogio Garcia, Roxana Mehran, James E Tcheng, John J Griffin, Giulio Guagliumi, Bruce Brodie, Mark Turco, Barry D Rutherford, Eve Aymong, Alexandra J Lansky, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Retirement on grounds of ill health: cross sectional survey in six organisations in united kingdom
Authors: C J M Poole
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To assess the process and outcome of retirement due to ill health in six large organisations.Cross sectional study of the rate of retirement due to ill health by age, sex, and length of service. Principal diagnoses by age and length of service were also compared.Four public and two private large employers in the United Kingdom.Rates of retirement on the grounds of ill health by age, sex, and length of service of employees contributing to pension schemes.Rates of ill health retirement varied from 20 to 250 per 10,000 contributing members, and in two organisations the rate varied geographically within the same organisation. In the two organisations that provided data by sex, women retired at a greater rate than men under age 40 and over age 50. In four organisations the modal age or length of service coincided with enhancements in benefits. In the four that provided information on diagnoses, musculoskeletal and minor psychiatric illnesses were the most common reasons for retirement.The granting of ill health retirement benefits may not be determined by illness. There is a need for some employers and pension schemes to improve their processes for granting benefits. Doctors should be wary of conflicts of interest and work to guidelines when they advise pension schemes about the merits of an application for benefits.
Book Review Coronary Disease in Women: Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Treatment (Contemporary Cardiology.) Edited by Leslee J. Shaw and Rita F. Redberg. 431 pp., illustrated. Totowa, N.J., Humana, 2004. $125. 0-89603-958-7
Authors: Diederick E. Grobbee, Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Midline Posterior Fossa Neoplasms Without Lateral Ventricular Enlargement
Authors: David Yashon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Seven patients with extrinsic midline tumors of the posterior fossa had normal-sized lateral ventricles by radiographic contrast study or at autopsy. A small number of patients harboring such neoplasms may not show evidence of ventricular dilatation. This is emphasized because of the erroneous but common belief that midline posterior fossa neoplasms cause lateral ventricular enlargement in all cases. In the seven patients, two tumors were misdiagnosed and one may have been incidental. Proposed mechanisms for failure of the lateral ventricles to enlarge are patency of cerebrospinal fluid flow or a rapid clinical course in which there is no time for ventricular enlargement to occur although cerebrospinal fluid flow is obstructed.
Abstract 5666: Nrf2-mediated induction of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes by an active compound isolated from <i>Chrysanthemum zawadskii</i>
Authors: Jiyeon Seo, Ji Sun Lim, Jia Park, Dae Hwan Nam, Annalene Garcia, Hyo Jung Kim, Soon Sung Lim, Choong Hwan Lee, Jung Han Yoon Park, Jong-Sang Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previous study demonstrated that methanolic extract of Chrysanthemum has the potential to induce detoxifying enzymes such as NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase 1 (EC 1.6.99.2) (NQO1, QR). In this study we further fractionated methanolic extract of Chrysanthemum and investigated the detoxifying enzyme-inducing potential of each fraction. The fraction shown the highest NQO1-inducing activity was found to contain (+)-(3S,4S,5R,8S)-(E)-8-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-3-isovaleroyloxy-2-(hexa-2,4-diynyliden)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane (CZ-5) which increased NQO1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. And the compound (CZ-5), like most phase 2 enzyme inducers, caused a increasing expression pattern of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 and BPRc1 cells. Moreover, CZ-5 caused a dose-dependent enhancement of luciferase activity in HepG2-C8 cells generated by stably transfecting antioxidant response element-luciferase gene construct, suggesting that it induce antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes through antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptional activation of the relevant genes. CZ-5 also stimulated nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 as evaluated by western blot analysis. In conclusion, our data showed that CZ-5 acted as a potent phase 2 detoxifying enzyme inducer by stimulating the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and had potential as chemopreventive agent Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5666.
Diseases in the Tropics: A Confrontation in an African Rural Practice
Authors: W. Z. Conco
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Recent claims that “diseases of Western civilization” are rare in rural African communities may not be justified. African peasants have a high pain threshold; many attend traditional healers rather than Western-trained doctors; and their language contains no words to express the descriptive terms used in Western medicine for the symptoms and clinical features of these diseases.
Low-dose ethanol predisposes elderly fasted patients with type 2 diabetes to sulfonylurea-induced low blood glucose.
Authors: M R Burge, T M Zeise, T A Sobhy, A G Rassam, D S Schade
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: It has previously been demonstrated that the risk of hypoglycemia is low among otherwise healthy elderly fasted patients with type 2 diabetes taking oral sulfonylurea medications. Nevertheless, these agents do cause hypoglycemia in clinical practice, suggesting that accompanying factors must typically be present for hypoglycemia to occur. Ethanol is one putative risk factor that has not been evaluated as a mechanism for low blood glucose among sulfonylurea users. We hypothesized that low concentrations of ethanol would reduce blood glucose concentrations in elderly type 2 diabetic patients receiving sulfonylureas during a short-term fast. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 10 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 68 +/- 3 years and receiving 20 mg glyburide daily, participated in a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled in-patient study consisting of two 24-h fasts at least 1 week apart. During hours 14 and 15 of the fasting studies, subjects received intravenous infusions of either 4.35 mmol.kg-1.h-1 ethanol (equivalent to one or two alcoholic beverages) or saline placebo in random order. Ethanol, plasma glucose, insulin, and counterregulatory hormones were assessed very 30-60 min during the final 10 h of the fast. RESULTS: Blood ethanol levels peaked at 17 +/- 2 mmol/l (the lower legal limit of intoxication in New Mexico) during the ethanol study. Plasma glucose concentrations did not differ at baseline (placebo 8.5 +/- 1.8 vs. ethanol 8.7 +/- 1.7 mmol/l; P = 0.50), but nadir plasma glucose was lower after the ethanol infusion compared with placebo (4.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 5.0 +/- 1.4 mmol/l; P = 0.01), and the absolute decline in plasma glucose was also greater during the ethanol study than the placebo study (4.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.6 +/- 1.2 mmol/l; P = 0.01). Counterregulatory hormone levels were increased during the ethanol study and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were suppressed compared with the placebo study. CONCLUSIONS: Low doses of ethanol predispose fasted elderly type 2 diabetic patients to low blood glucose during a short-term fast. This may be one of several mechanisms by which sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia occurs in elderly patients.
Intussusception complicating typhoid fever
Authors: V Raveenthiran
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

by osteoblastic activity and formation of abnormal new bone that is highly vascular, fragile and sclerotic.There is hyperaemia of the surrounding tissues.Osteoblasts are seen around thick and vascular trabeculae of new bone, and there may be wide seams of uncalcified osteoid.The end result is dense bony sclerosis, with the thickened, deformed bone characteristic of Paget's disease.In the patient reported here, epidural lipomatosis contributed to the cord narrowing.The signal characteristics of the abnormal bone on MRI may be indistinguishable from sclerotic bone metastases.However, expansion of the bone in association with sclerosis and lysis, well seen on plain radiographs or CT, is diagnostic of Paget's disease.
Clinical Outcomes With Use of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents in Patients With the HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Michael E Nassif, Jayendrakumar S Patel, Jerrica E Shuster, David S Raymer, Ronald Jackups, Eric Novak, Brian F Gage, Sunil Prasad, Scott C Silvestry, Gregory A Ewald, Shane J LaRue
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Detecting sickle haemoglobin.
Authors: F I Konotey-Ahulu
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Upper II aborted hydropic twins and was subsequendy sterilized.In this case, unlike the one we reported in our first letter, it was hoped that accurate assessment and adequate treatment would have been possible because of the position of the sacs, side by side, and the position of the placentas (posteriorly).-Weare, etc.,
Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: G. F. Joplin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The second volume of this work, like the first, is a collection of unrelated monographs by different authors on topics which the editors judge to be of particular current interst in the study and practice of rheumatic diseases.Dr Paul Dieppe gives an excellent review of crystals and their identification.Their established role in crystal synovitis is contrasted with the more conjectural part they have to play in osteoarthritis.Dr Hamilton Hall, a Canadian orthopaedic surgeon, describes the current techniques for the investigation, assessment, and treat- ment of low back pain and he quite rightly warns us of the limitations of such procedures as the CT scan and thermography.Dr J. P. Famey gives an account of enkephalins and endorphins.As he says, many questions remain to be answered about the application of these new discoveries to rheumatology, but his chapter is useful for those of us who are not abreast of the extensive literature on the subject, with 147 references.The chapter on dermatological manifestations of connective tissue disease by Professor MacKie, Dr Nelson, and Dr D. C. Dick suffers from a complete absence of illustrations and by its necessary incompleteness.Some of the statements in this chapter may be questioned, such as the opinion that systemic corticosteroids have no specific effect on the rash of Still's disease.Professor Peter Beighton gives an all too brief review of geographic variation in joint disorders.Dr Jane Schaller's chapter on the arthritides of childhood is admirable, although childhood arthritis (rather rare) and its classification are described by various authors in textbooks and numerous other recent publications, so that the editors might well have chosen another subject in its place.(Incidentally, why have rheumatological paediatricians introduced the ugly word 'pauciarticular' in place of 'oligoarticular' which we have all used happily for years?If they don't like Greek-Latin hybrids they should be consistent and chartge 'monoarticular' to 'uniarticular' and 'polyarticular' to 'multiarticular').The Ebringer brothers summarise their controversial ideas on cross-reactivity between the B27 gene and klebsiella.Dr Heather M. Dick writes on HLA and seronegative arthropathies-a good review, although again many of her readers will by now be reasonably familiar with what she has to say, and rather more emphasis on recent work relating for example to rheumatoid arthritis and drug toxicity would have been interesting.It will be seen that the whole book savours refreshingly of clinical medicine, and all the contributions will be read with interest by rheumatologists.They are fully referenced and indexed.
Brave new world for interventional bronchoscopy
Authors: T P Toma
Journal: Thorax (2005)

New applications for interventional bronchoscopy

Until recently, interventional bronchoscopy was limited to foreign body removal, debulking endobronchial tumours, or insertion of stents for the palliation of lung cancer. Most of these procedures are performed with a rigid bronchoscope under general anaesthesia by thoracic surgeons. As a result, only a few respiratory physicians developed an interest in interventional bronchoscopy. The small range of interventions has meant that, up to now, interventional bronchoscopy has been less glamorous than, for example, interventional cardiology.

Will this situation change? Firstly, there is an increased interest in transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA) for staging lung cancer and in endobronchial ultrasound guided TBNA.1 The latter technique samples suspicious lymph nodes as small as 5 mm and has the potential for replacing mediastinoscopy. Secondly, tumours can be debulked with electrocautery, photodynamic therapy or lasers, and stents can be inserted under local anaesthesia with flexible bronchoscopes.

Recent research has driven an expansion of interventional bronchoscopy for some of the more common non-malignant respiratory diseases. Bronchial thermoplasty for the treatment …
Book Review Respiratory Medicine Second edition. Edited by R.A.L. Brewis, B. Corrin, D.M. Geddes, and G.J. Gibson. 1685 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1995. $180. 0-7020-1641-1
Authors: Roland H. Ingram
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
Downregulated ABCG2 Enhances Sensitivity to Topoisomerase I Inhibitor in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kouki Ohtsuka, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Takeshi Morii, Masachika Fujiwara, Tomonori Kishino, Wataru Ogura, Misaki Chiba, Satsuki Matsushima, Tomoyuki Goya, Takashi Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
A new JCI conflict-of-interest policy
Authors: Ushma S. Neill, Craig B. Thompson, Marc Feldmann, William N. Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

As stewards of the JCI, we are responsible for instituting and sustaining the highest possible standards for integrity. To this end, we have established a very specific set of guidelines for handling potential conflicts of interest - not only for authors and referees, but also for ourselves.
Dental Sepsis: Anaemia, Dyspepsia, and Rheumatism
Authors: J. M. Vaizey, A. E. Clark-Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Historical IntroductionInterest in the problem of dental infection and its relation- ship to general disease is said to go back to the days of Hippocrates (Kersley, 1938), but the earliest reference of importance is an article by Rush (1818) claiming that a case of arthritis of the hip was cured by the extraction of infected teeth.Black (1918) cited evidence to show that dental infection was considered responsible for infec- tions of the eye as early as 1842.Canton (1880) gave brief reports of cases in which defective and infected teeth were said to have led to dyspepsia, constipation, and even sciatica.He considered the mechanical factor more important than the infective, and claimed great benefit from the use of dentures.Ten years later Garretson (1890) noted the association of chronic periodontitis with " rheumatic and toxical conditions as well as with scurvy and phosphorus poisoning," but he was not inclined to regard the teeth as the primary cause.Miller (1891) collected 149 cases of serious complications of dental infections.These complications were, however, nearly all acute inflammatory conditions.Rheumatism and anaemia do not appear among the recognized complications of dental sepsis at that time, but dyspepsia was sometimes attributed to the swallowing of pus.William Hunter (1898, 1900, 1904) in a series of articles further emphasized the importance of swallowing pus as a cause of gastritis and " septic anaemia."In later articles (Hunter, 1911) he pointed out that in addition to open and obvious infection, sepsis concealed by crowns and bridges might play a decisive part.A few years later Billings (1916) and Rosenow (1914a, 1914b, 1915, 1916) published a series of articles on dental infection as a cause of systemic disease, and stressed particularly the " closed " apical infection, which only a radiograph could reveal, as being an important cause of chronic toxaemia, rheum- atism, nephritis, and many other conditions.The concep- tion of dental sepsis as a major cause of chronic systemic disease really dates from that time.The present common practice of extracting septic teeth in diseases of obscuLre origin followed directly from this theory.In the past twenty-five years such a large number of papers have been published on the subject of focal dental infection that it wouild be impossible to discuss them all in a short article.The following brief summar-y will review some of the arguments in favour of the theory that dental sepsis can lead to systemic disease, and the main criticisms which have been, and can be, raised against them.
Apoptosis induced by HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system.
Authors: B Shi, U De Girolami, J He, S Wang, A Lorenzo, J Busciglio, D Gabuzda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Apoptosis plays a role in AIDS pathogenesis in the immune system, but its role in HIV-1-induced neurological disease is unknown. In this study, we examine apoptosis induced by HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in an in vitro model and in brain tissue from AIDS patients. HIV-1 infection of primary brain cultures induced apoptosis in neurons and astrocytes in vitro as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide staining and by electron microscopy. Apoptosis was not significantly induced until 1-2 wk after the time of peak virus production, suggesting induction by soluble factors rather than by direct viral infection. Apoptosis of neurons and astrocytes was also detected in brain tissue from 10/11 AIDS patients, including 5/5 patients with HIV-1 dementia and 4/5 nondemented patients. In addition, endothelial cell apoptosis was frequently detected in the brain of AIDS patients and was confirmed by electron microscopy. Most of the apoptotic cells were not localized adjacent to HIV-1-infected cells, providing further evidence for induction by soluble factors. In six non-AIDS control patients with normal brain, apoptotic cells were absent or limited to rare astrocytes. However, TUNEL-positive neurons and astrocytes were frequently detected in seven patients with Alzheimer's disease or abundant senile plaques. These studies suggest that apoptosis is a mechanism of CNS injury in AIDS which is likely to be induced by soluble factors. The apoptosis of endothelial cells in the CNS raises the possibility that some of these factors may be blood-derived.
The Incidence of Stroke Among Pregnant Women in Rochester, Minn, 1955 Through 1979
Authors: David O. Wiebers
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This study defines the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disorders among pregnant women in Rochester, Minn, from 1955 through 1979. Of the 26,099 live births during this period, only one instance of cerebral infarction (5.1 cerebral infarctions per 100,000 person-years of observation) and no instances of transient ischemic attack or intracranial hemorrhage were identified in pregnant women. These data suggest that the occurrence rates of cerebrovascular events during pregnancy may be much lower than has previously been reported. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3055-3057)
Blacks and American Medical Care
Authors: Ralph J. Cazort
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To all of those who thought that the civil rights movement of the 60s had assured blacks equal and unobstructed access to health care and health education, this book reveals otherwise; to those who thought enough had been done with public and private funds to change the grim statistics of black morbidity and mortality, this book shatters that conception; to those who thought enough blacks were entering medical schools throughout this nation in order to provide health care for a deprived portion of the population, black and otherwise, Dr. Seham's use of statistics and his interpretations shatter that notion. Through abundant use of statistics taken from governmental, foundation, and private reports, the book leads the reader to a painfully clear diagnosis, an equally clear prognosis, and to a regimen of treatment not yet popular and difficult to institute. Dr. Seham indicts the medical profession for its inability to grapple with
Perspectives of Chronic Illness
Authors: Morton D. Bogdonoff
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The increasing numbers of aged and chronically ill persons in the community have created a major problem for the medical profession. The psychological and social accompaniments of chronic illness are important features of chronic illness that merit detailed analysis by the physician. He must recognize and review from time to time not only what the patient expects of him but also what he expects of the patient. The appropriate management of these aspects of chronic illness—in addition to the physical and pharmacologic measures—may provide a useful avenue of medical care which will significantly modify the patient's response to the illness.
Direct lung delivery of a dry powder formulation of DTPA with improved aerosolization properties: Effect on lung and systemic decorporation of plutonium
Authors: C. Gervelas, A.-L. Serandour, S. Geiger, G. Grillon, P. Fritsch, C. Taulelle, B. Le Gall, H. Benech, J.-R. Deverre, E. Fattal, N. Tsapis
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)