tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A74: Estrogen receptor α-regulated growth and transcription is dependent on X-box binding protein-1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: David Kiewlich, Mary Rosser, Peter Kretschmer, Deborah Zajchowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the impact of X-Box Binding protein 1 (Xbp1) mRNA knockdown on the estrogen-responsive growth and gene expression in an estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer cell line model. Xbp1 is a basic leucine zipper-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cell program that is activated by unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. MCF7 cells, a model of ERα positive breast cancer, express high levels of Xbp1 and are dependent on estrogen for growth and ERα regulated transcription. Previous studies have revealed that further overexpression of Xbp1 in ERα positive breast cancer cells leads to estrogen independent ERα regulated transcription and anti-estrogen resistance, suggesting that Xbp1 expression influences ERα regulated transcription. Unknown is whether ERα requires Xbp1 as a cofactor for transcription. Here we show that Xbp1 mRNA knockdown by specific siRNAs prevents estrogen responsive growth of MCF7 cells as well as ERα regulated gene expression, while non-specific control siRNAs had little effect. These results, together with the high expression of Xbp1 seen in ERα positive breast cancers, but not in normal mammary ductal cells, suggests that high levels of Xbp1 enable ERα tumor cells to use estrogen as a growth factor. Thus, high levels of Xbp1 expression could represent an early transformation step leading to ERα positive breast cancer, and could explain why normal ERα positive breast ductal cells have not been established as cell lines. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A74.
Caesarean Section for Dystocia due to Ventrifixation of the Uterus
Authors: A. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1911)

IMENDICAL JOUIRNAL 6. Whilst its chief indication will be found during the frst stage of labour, the fear of rapid delivery following its use is not a contraindication.In conclusion, we wish to thank the Master, Dr. Hastings T weedy, for
The Apex Cardiogram
Authors: Harvey Tippit
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Apex cardiography is the recording of movements of the chest wall over the apex of the heart. The subject is placed in a semilateral decubitus, and the left arm is raised. The point of strongest impulse in expiratory apnea is located by the examiner, and a bell or funnel with a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 cm is held there firmly. If a phonocardiogram is obtained simultaneously, a single cup is used with a small side-extension for attachment of the rubber tubing for the apex cardiogram. Displacements of the chest wall within the area of the rim cause pressure changes in the air in the pickup and tubing; the latter connects to a piezoelectrical crystal, whence voltage changes are amplified and conducted to an oscilloscope and photographic recorder or to a direct-writing instrument. The record shows upward and downward movements corresponding to the impulses at the apex. Vibrations within the
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE OXYPHIL/CLEAR CELL RATIO IN PARATHYROID LESIONS AND THE SENSITIVITY OF TL-201/TC-99m SUBTRACTION SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: D Sandrock, M J Merino, C S Benton, J A Norton, D L Miller, R D Neumann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Sandrock, D.; Merino, M. J.; Benton, C. S.; Norton, J. A.; Miller, D. L.; Neumann, R. D. N.I.H.; a, Bethesd Md.
A new partially covered nitinol stent for palliative treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction: a multicenter single-arm prospective study
Authors: G. Costamagna, A. Tringali, D. Reddy, J. Devière, M. Bruno, T. Ponchon, H. Neuhaus, M. Mutignani, G. Rao, S. Lakhtakia, O. Le Moine, P. Fockens, E. Rauws, V. Lepilliez, B. Schumacher, A. Seelhoff, D. Carr-Locke
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de G. Costamagna et al., pp. 317Endoscopy 2011; 43(04): 463-463DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291796
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD) in Composite U.S. Food Samples
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Darrah Haffner, Justin Colacino, Keyur Patel, Olaf Päpke, Matthias Opel, Linda Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

This study was designed to update previous U.S. market basket surveys of levels and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) dietary intake calculations. This study also quantifies hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) levels in U.S.-purchased foods for the first time and estimates U.S. dietary intake of HBCD. This is part of a larger market basket study reported in two companion articles, of current levels of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) PBDEs, HBCD, perfluorinated compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in composite food samples collected in 2008-2009.In this study, we measured concentrations of 24 PBDE congeners and total HBCD in composite samples of 31 food types (310 samples). U.S. dietary intake of PBDEs and HBCD was estimated referencing the most current U.S. Department of Agriculture loss-adjusted food availability report.Total PBDE concentrations in food varied by food type, ranging from 12 pg/g wet weight (ww) in whole milk to 1,545 pg/g ww in canned sardines and 6,211 pg/g ww in butter. Total HBCD concentrations also varied substantially within and among food groups, ranging from 23 pg/g in canned beef chili to 593 pg/g in canned sardines. HBCD was not detected in any dairy samples. Dietary intake of all PBDE congeners measured was estimated to be 50 ng/day, mostly from dairy consumption but also from meat and fish. HBCD intake was estimated at 16 ng/day, primarily from meat consumption.PBDEs and HBCDs currently contaminate some food purchased in the United States, although PBDE intake estimated in this study is lower than reported in our previous market basket surveys. HBCD is in food at higher levels than expected based on previously reported levels in milk and blood compared with PBDE levels and is comparable to European levels.
Standardizing Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Initiative
Authors: Sofia F. Garcia, David Cella, Steven B. Clauser, Kathryn E. Flynn, Thomas Lad, Jin-Shei Lai, Bryce B. Reeve, Ashley Wilder Smith, Arthur A. Stone, Kevin Weinfurt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as symptom scales or more broad-based health-related quality-of-life measures, play an important role in oncology clinical trials. They frequently are used to help evaluate cancer treatments, as well as for supportive and palliative oncology care. To be most beneficial, these PROs must be relevant to patients and clinicians, valid, and easily understood and interpreted. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Network, part of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap Initiative, aims to improve appreciably how PROs are selected and assessed in clinical research, including clinical trials. PROMIS is establishing a publicly available resource of standardized, accurate, and efficient PRO measures of major self-reported health domains (eg, pain, fatigue, emotional distress, physical function, social function) that are relevant across chronic illnesses including cancer. PROMIS is also developing measures of self-reported health domains specifically targeted to cancer, such as sleep/wake function, sexual function, cognitive function, and the psychosocial impacts of the illness experience (ie, stress response and coping; shifts in self-concept, social interactions, and spirituality). We outline the qualitative and quantitative methods by which PROMIS measures are being developed and adapted for use in clinical oncology research. At the core of this activity is the formation and application of item banks using item response theory modeling. We also present our work in the fatigue domain, including a short-form measure, as a sample of PROMIS methodology and work to date. Plans for future validation and application of PROMIS measures are discussed.
A rare cause of dysphagia: compression of esophagus by a giant thoracic spine osteophyte
Authors: Serta Kilincalp, Hakan Akıncı, Özlem İsak, Şahin Çoban, İlhami Yüksel
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 76-year-old man presented to our department complaining of dysphagia which had started 6 months earlier as mild and had gradually progressed for the last month. He indicated that it was mainly limited to solids and was relieved by fluids. He had no pain while swallowing. The patient was a nonsmoker and his medical history included hypertension and osteoarthritis. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and revealed a smooth, extrinsic indentation on the left posterior wall of the mid-esophagus ([Fig. 1]). The esophagus appeared otherwise normal without any evidence of the formation of any intrinsic structure. Cervical–thoracic computed tomography (CT) was performed for differential diagnosis. This revealed fusion between the T2 – T5 corpora and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), with prominent osteophyte formation projecting anteriorly on the left at the T2 – T3 level. This formation pressed on the esophagus, as shown in the CT image ([Fig. 2]).
The validity of general practitioners' self assessment of knowledge: cross sectional study
Authors: J. Tracey, B. Arroll, P. Barham, D. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether general practitioners can make accurate self assessments of their knowledge in specific areas. <b>Design</b>: 67 general practitioners completed a self assessment of their level of knowledge over a variety of topics using a nine point semantic differential scale. An objective assessment of their knowledge was then made by administering true-false tests on two of the topics: thyroid disorders and non-insulin dependent diabetes. The study was repeated with another group of 60 general practitioners, using sexually transmitted diseases as the topic <b>Setting</b>: General practices in New Zealand. <b>Subjects</b>: Random sample of 67 general practitioners in Auckland. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Test scores for self assessment and for actual knowledge. <b>Results</b>: Correlations between self assessments and test scores were poor for all three topics studied (r=0.19 for thyroid disorders, 0.21 for non-insulin dependent diabetes, 0.19 for sexually transmitted diseases). <b>Conclusions</b>: As general practitioners cannot accurately assess their own level of knowledge on a given topic, professional development programmes that rely on the doctors9 self perceptions to assess their needs are likely to be seriously flawed. <h3>Key message</h3> Doctors9 perception of knowledge in areas of common practice is no indication of actual knowledge Continuing medical education and other professional development activities that rely on the doctors9 self perception to assess their needs are likely to be seriously flawed To make professional development activities more efficient and effective a more objective assessment of needs is necessary
Community care compared with hospital outpatient care for hypertensive patients.
Authors: C J Bulpitt, M J Daymond, C T Dollery
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Three hundred and seventy-six patients with treated diastolic blood pressures of less than 105 mm Hg and no history of accelerated hypertension or renal failure were selected from among those attending the Hammersmith Hospital hypertension clinic. Their average lying treated blood pressure was 146 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic and average age 56 years; 18% were black, 6% Asian, and 76% white. The patients were mostly having multiple treatment, 90% receiving a diuretic, 35% methyldopa, 33% propranolol, 18% atenolol, 9% hydrallazine, and 7% bethanidine. They were randomly allocated to either two years of further hospital outpatient care or referred back to their general practitioners. During the two years 19 (10%) of the 187 patients followed up in hospital defaulted and three had their treatment discontinued. Twelve (6%) of the 189 followed up by their general practitioners defaulted from follow-up and nine had their treatment discontinued. At the end of the trial the average lying blood pressure was 148 mm Hg systolic and 88 mm Hg diastolic in the hospital group and 149 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic in the general practice group. The change in blood pressure was calculated for each individual and showed an average fall of 1.6 mm Hg in standing diastolic pressure in the hospital group and a rise of 1.4 mm Hg in the general practice group (p less than 0.05). The 90% confidence limits for a difference in standing diastolic pressure between the groups were 1 and 5 mm Hg with the pressure lower in the hospital group. General practice care was not quite as effective in controlling blood pressure as continued specialist supervision over two years in this selected group of treated outpatients with mild or moderate hypertension, but these results show that the discharge back to general practitioners of patients who are well controlled after hospital treatment is a sensible policy.
The Undergraduate-Graduate Interface
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The interface between undergraduate and graduate medical education is changing rapidly because of alterations in undergraduate curricula, the time designated by schools of medicine to complete the requirements for an MD degree, the concept of the internship, and the requirements of the specialty boards. The changes have elicited vigorous expressions of apprehension by medical educators that breadth of clinical education will be lost as a result of the deletion of the fourth year of medical school as a requirement for the MD degree and the discontinuance of the internship as a requirement for specialty board certification. None of the changing patterns of undergraduate and graduate medical education was intended to permit a deficit in clinical education to occur. The objectives of the changes were (1) to permit a shortening of the total period of formal education where it could be accomplished without sacrifice of quality; (2) to permit a more
Hard water and cardiovascular disease.
Authors: S Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1971)

steroid therapy; without detailed examina- tion2 it may not be easy to distinguish be- tween the two.The evidence for corticosteroids causing sudden death has not been conclusive.3The patient most probably had Addison's disease which improved on corticosteroids prescribed for his asthma, but these should not be blamed for his sudden death, nor should his asthma.His sudden unexpected death,4 occurring after a period of stress ("prolonged period of driving"), may have been due solely to primary Addison's disease.-I am, etc.,
THE RHYTHMIC SOUNDS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL.
Authors: W. B. CANNON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The sounds produced by the alimentary canal were noted by the Father of Medicine, who is said to have first used the term "borborygmus" to describe the loud rumbles arising in the abdomen. In later times little discriminating attention has been paid to abdominal sounds. Hooker<sup>1</sup>published an essay in 1849 in which he describes more or less alteration in the intensity of the sounds made by the alimentary canal in different diseases of the digestive organs. Other writers have classified the sounds normally audible into splashings, rattling or rustling noises, the murmurs of respiration and of the aorta.<sup>2</sup> These sounds, however, according to L. Bernard,<sup>3</sup>are not constant over the abdominal organs, nor do the sounds characteristic of the healthy individual alter in pathologic conditions. Little else than these statements is found in the most recent treatises on auscultation. Rubbing noises are mentioned in cases of
Communication and Medication Refill Adherence
Authors: Neda Ratanawongsa, Andrew J. Karter, Melissa M. Parker, Courtney R. Lyles, Michele Heisler, Howard H. Moffet, Nancy Adler, E. Margaret Warton, Dean Schillinger
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Poor medication refill adherence contributes to poor cardiometabolic control and diabetes outcomes. Studies linking communication between patients and health care providers to adherence often use self-reported adherence and have not explored differences across communication domains or therapeutic indications.To investigate associations between patient communication ratings and cardiometabolic medication refill adherence, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9377 patients in the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), a race-stratified, random sample of Kaiser Permanente survey respondents. Eligible participants received 1 or more oral hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, or antihypertensive medication in the 12 months preceding the survey. Communication was measured with a 4-item Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey (CAHPS) score and 4 items from the Trust in Physicians and Interpersonal Processes of Care instruments. Poor adherence was classified as greater than a 20% continuous medication gap for ongoing medication therapies. Using modified least squares regression, we calculated differences in poor adherence prevalence for a 10-point decrease in CAHPS score and compared higher vs lower communication ratings on other items, adjusting for necessary sociodemographic and medical confounders derived from a directed acyclic graph.In this cohort, 30% had poor cardiometabolic medication refill adherence. For each 10-point decrease in CAHPS score, the adjusted prevalence of poor adherence increased by 0.9% (P=.01). Compared with patients offering higher ratings, patients who gave health care providers lower ratings for involving patients in decisions, understanding patients' problems with treatment, and eliciting confidence and trust were more likely to have poor adherence, with absolute differences of 4% (P=.04), 5% (P=.02), and 6% (P=.03), respectively. Associations between communication and adherence were somewhat larger for hypoglycemic medications than for other medications.Poor communication ratings were independently associated with objectively measured inadequate cardiometabolic medication refill adherence, particularly for oral hypoglycemic medications. Future studies should investigate whether improving communication skills among clinicians with poorer patient communication ratings could improve their patients' cardiometabolic medication refill adherence and outcomes.
T cell receptor gamma and delta rearrangements in hematologic malignancies. Relationship to lymphoid differentiation.
Authors: F Griesinger, J M Greenberg, J H Kersey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have studied recombinatorial events of the T cell receptor delta and gamma chain genes in hematopoietic malignancies and related these to normal stages of lymphoid differentiation. T cell receptor delta gene recombinatorial events were found in 91% of acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, 68% of non-T, non-B lymphoid precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 80% of mixed lineage acute leukemias. Mature B-lineage leukemias and acute nonlymphocytic leukemias retained the T-cell receptor delta gene in the germline configuration. The incidence of T cell receptor gamma and delta was particularly high in CD10+CD19+ non-T, non-B lymphoid precursor ALL. In lymphoid precursor ALL, T cell receptor delta was frequently rearranged while T cell receptor gamma was in the germline configuration. This suggests that TCR delta rearrangements may precede TCR gamma rearrangements in lymphoid ontogeny. In T-ALL, only concordant T cell receptor delta and gamma rearrangements were observed. Several distinct rearrangements were defined using a panel of restriction enzymes. Most of the rearrangements observed in T-ALL represented joining events of J delta 1 to upstream regions. In contrast, the majority of rearrangements in lymphoid precursor ALL most likely represented D-D or V-D rearrangements, which have been found to be early recombinatorial events of the TCR delta locus. We next analyzed TCR delta rearrangements in five CD3+TCR gamma/delta+ ALL and cell lines. One T-ALL, which demonstrated a different staining pattern with monoclonal antibodies against the products of the TCR gamma/delta genes than the PEER cell line, rearranges J delta 1 to a currently unidentified variable region.
The AIDS Disease of CD4C/HIV Transgenic Mice Shows Impaired Germinal Centers and Autoantibodies and Develops in the Absence of IFN-γ and IL-6
Authors: Johanne Poudrier, Xiaoduan Weng, Denis G. Kay, Guillaume Paré, Ezequiel L. Calvo, Zaher Hanna, Marie H. Kosco-Vilbois, Paul Jolicoeur
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Progressive Antral Narrowing in an Adolescent
Authors: Richard M. Gore
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 13-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa had severe nausea and vomiting. The findings from physical and laboratory examination were normal. Representative films from upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract series performed on the day of admission (Fig 1), at three weeks (Fig 2), and at eight weeks (Fig 3) after admission are illustrated. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Corrosive gastritis. <h3>Comment</h3> Figure 1, a spot film from the patient's first upper GI tract examination, demonstrated mild antral narrowing associated with irregular shaggy mucosa. At fluoroscopy, poor contractility of this region was noted. The esophagus, duodenum, and small bowel were normal. Double-contrast gastroduodenal studies performed three weeks (Fig 2) and eight weeks (Fig 3) later showed progressive, tubular narrowing of the antrum. Such dramatic antral narrowing in a young patient with psychological problems should strongly suggest the diagnosis of corrosive gastritis. Only on close questioning did this patient admit ingestion of several mouthfuls of a cleaning