tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cryptorchidism: Effects of Maternal Diabetes or PBDEs
Authors: Gavin W. ten Tusscher, Janna G. Koppe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Main et al. (2007) reported that elevated levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk, but not placenta, were associated with congenital cryptorchidism in Danish and Finnish boys.For the Danish cohort, the researchers used a case-cohort design in which biological samples were collected from all study participants, whereas for the Finnish cohort, they used a nested case-control design.The matching criteria used for Finnish mothers who gave birth to boys with cryptorchidism (measured at birth) and matched Finnish controls included the following: parity, smoking (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), gestational age (± 7 days), and date of birth (± 14 days).However, Main et al. (2007) did not provide information on adjustments made to account for the type/severity of diabetes (Virtanen et al. 2006), smoking habits (Kurahashi et al. 2005), alcohol consumption (Damgaard et al. 2007), cesarean section (Hjertkvist et al. 1989;Kurahashi et al. 2005), and other factors that may be associated with cryptorchidism.Interestingly, Main et al. did note that approximately 12% and 18% of breast milk samples and placentas, respectively, were obtained from diabetic Finnish mothers of cryptorchid boys, compared with 0% of controls (Main et al. 2007), but they conducted no further inquiry on this discrepancy.Damgaard et al. (2007) previously evaluated this same Danish-Finnish cohort and adjusted for confounders and effect modifiers for differences observed based on country, smoking, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption (including binge-drinking episodes), social class, maternal age, parity, maturity, and birth weight.Damgaard et al. (2007) noted an association between maternal alcohol consumption (≥ 5 drinks/week) and transient cryptorchidism.Despite these findings, Main et al. (2007) provided no information on stratified alcohol consumption or other potential confounders, such as caffeine intake or social class.Main et al. (2007) concluded that an association exists between PBDE levels in breast milk and cryptorchidism in boys, but we should be cautious of this interpretation, given that Main et al. (2007) may not have adequately addressed potential confounders.
Rate of carriage of group A (beta) haemolytic streptococci
Authors: R. Ditchburn, J. Ditchburn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--During the publicity last year about necrotising fasciitis the media frequently stated that 10% of the British population carry group A β haemolytic streptococci.1 Textbooks give a figure of 5-20%.2 3

We tested whether these figures apply to a rural population by taking throat swabs from 310 well people during 12 …
Heterogeneity of antibodies in Goodpasture syndrome reacting with type IV collagen
Authors: Nicholas A. Kefalides, Nobuko Ohno, Curtis B. Wilson
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

Sera from patients with antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies associated with Goodpasture syndrome (GP) or glomerulonephritis were tested by ELISA and electroimmunoblot against whole basement membrane collagen (type IV) isolated from bovine anterior lens capsule (ALC) and bacterial collagenase resistant domains of the collagen molecule, that is, the NC-1 and 7-S domains isolated from either ALC or bovine and human glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Reactivity was high with the NC-1 domain by both the ELISA and the electroimmunoblot techniques. Some of the anti-GBM sera reacted with both the NC-1 and 7-S domains of both human and bovine type IV collagen. At a time when the patients' sera reacted weakly with a collagenase digest of human GBM using a radioimmunoassay, the reactivity with the NC-1 domain was also low, but some of the sera continued to react with the 7-S domain. The data suggest that there may be heterogeneity in the nature of autoantibodies with respect to collagen type IV domain reactivity in the sera of patients with anti-GBM antibody disease.
Study of Adolescents Exposed in Utero to the Atomic Bomb, Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Gerard N. Burrow
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A group of 286 adolescent children, all of whom were in utero at the time of the atomic bombing in Nagasaki, Japan, were examined as part of a long-term program to determine possible differences in growth and development that might be attributable to ionizing radiation. Three comparison groups were studied: group 1, children whose mothers were within 2,000 meters of the hypocenter (point on the ground above which the bomb exploded); group 2, whose mothers were located between 3,000 to 4,999 meters; and group 3, whose mothers were not in the city at the time of the bomb. The age at menarche and degree of epiphyseal closure in the wrist were determined. In addition, measurements were made of head circumference, standing and sitting heights, weight, and chest circumference. Differences were found which were consistent with a radiation effect. This was most significant in head circumference measurements.
Chronic Pancreatitis as Psychosomatic Disorder
Authors: Yoshihide Nakai, Tomoko Araki, Susumu Takahashi, Akira Shimada, Tetsuya Nakagawa
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

69 patients with chronic pancreatitis, which were classified as the definite type and the suspicious type, were studied psychosomatically. The comparative analysis between the two types were examined. It was concluded that the suspicious type, classified as the 'actual psychosomatic disease', was primarily related to psychosomatic factors, while the definite type, classified as 'character psychosomatic disease', was primarily related to and manifested as chronic alcohol-drinking habits.
Ethics and Etiquette in Neonatal Intensive Care—Reply
Authors: Annie Janvier, John Lantos
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The Bradford community stroke trial: results at six months.
Authors: J. B. Young, A. Forster
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--Comparison of day hospital attendance and home physiotherapy for stroke patients leaving hospital to determine which service produces greater functional and social improvement for the patient, reduces emotional stress for the care giver, and lessens the need for community support. DESIGN--Stratified, randomised trial of stroke patients attending day hospital two days a week or receiving home treatment from a community physiotherapist. The six month assessment results are reported in this paper. SUBJECTS--Patients over 60 years old resident within the Bradford metropolitan district discharged home after a new stroke with residual disability. SETTING--Four day hospitals in two health authorities and domiciliary work undertaken by experienced community physiotherapists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Barthel index, functional ambulatory categories, Motor Club assessment, Frenchay activities index, and Nottingham health profile were used. Carers9 stress was indicated by the general health questionnaire. Treatment given and community care provided were recorded. RESULTS--Of 124 patients recruited, 108 were available for reassessment at six months. Both treatment groups had significantly improved in functional abilities between discharge and six months. The improvements were significantly greater for patients treated at home (Mann-Whitney test; Barthel index, median difference 2 (95% confidence interval 0 to 3) p = 0.01; Motor Club assessment, median difference 2 (1 to 5), p = 0.01). The home treated patients received less treatment (median difference 16 (11 to 21) treatments, p less than 0.001). More than a third of patients in both groups showed depressed mood, and a quarter of care givers were emotionally distressed. CONCLUSIONS--Home physiotherapy seems to be slightly more effective and more resource efficient than day hospital attendance and should be the preferred rehabilitation method for aftercare of stroke patients. New strategies are needed to address psychosocial function for both patients and care givers.
Poisoning by propoxphene hydrochloride (Doloxene).
Authors: R. Cawood, J. L. Thirkettle
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Nicotine and Antidiuretic Hormone SIR,-In your leading article (10 Septemtember, p. 600) regarding the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, it is stated that " it is sometimes possible to inhibit A.D.H. secretion by nicotine or alcohol."While this is certainly true of alcohol, exactly the opposite result obtains with nicotine.For years nicotine, either by inhalation or by injection, has been used as a test for the stimulation of the antidiuretic hormone, rather than the converse.This effect is especially dramatic when a non-smoker smokes a cigarette or two vigorously, after ingesting a water load of a litre.Under these circumstances, the urine flow drops precipitously and the patient will remain oliguric for several hours thereafter, in spite of his relative overhydration.If the patient is a smoker, and has developed a tolerance to nicotine, these effects will be less dramatic.
DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations and Rationale
Authors: Deborah S. Hasin, Charles P. O’Brien, Marc Auriacombe, Guilherme Borges, Kathleen Bucholz, Alan Budney, Wilson M. Compton, Thomas Crowley, Walter Ling, Nancy M. Petry, Marc Schuckit, Bridget F. Grant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Since DSM-IV was published in 1994, its approach to substance use disorders has come under scrutiny. Strengths were identified (notably, reliability and validity of dependence), but concerns have also arisen. The DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group considered these issues and recommended revisions for DSM-5. General concerns included whether to retain the division into two main disorders (dependence and abuse), whether substance use disorder criteria should be added or removed, and whether an appropriate substance use disorder severity indicator could be identified. Specific issues included possible addition of withdrawal syndromes for several substances, alignment of nicotine criteria with those for other substances, addition of biomarkers, and inclusion of nonsubstance, behavioral addictions.This article presents the major issues and evidence considered by the work group, which included literature reviews and extensive new data analyses. The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions included combining abuse and dependence criteria into a single substance use disorder based on consistent findings from over 200,000 study participants, dropping legal problems and adding craving as criteria, adding cannabis and caffeine withdrawal syndromes, aligning tobacco use disorder criteria with other substance use disorders, and moving gambling disorders to the chapter formerly reserved for substance-related disorders. The proposed changes overcome many problems, while further studies will be needed to address issues for which less data were available.
Illness Uncertainty and Quality of Life of Patients with Small Renal Tumors Undergoing Watchful Waiting: A 2-year Prospective Study
Authors: Patricia A. Parker, Frances Alba, Bryan Fellman, Diana L. Urbauer, Yisheng Li, Jose A. Karam, Nizar Tannir, Eric Jonasch, Christopher G. Wood, Surena F. Matin
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Smoking and restenosis after coronary artery stenting: the artifact of smoker's paradox
Authors: Julinda Mehilli, Adnan Kastrati, Josef Dirschinger, Jürgen Pache, Helmut Schühlen, Heidrun Holle, Franz Dotzer, Franz-Josef Neumann, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate acutely inhibits and chronically stimulates Na/H antiporter in OKP cells.
Authors: A Cano, P Preisig, R J Alpern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Parathyroid hormone, dopamine, alpha-adrenergic catecholamines, and angiotensin II regulate renal Na excretion, at least in part through modulation of acute cyclic (c)AMP-induced proximal tubule Na/H antiporter inhibition. The present studies examined the effect of chronic increases in cell cAMP on Na/H antiporter activity in OKP cells. Whereas 8-bromo cAMP acutely inhibited Na/H antiporter activity, chronic application for 6 h led to a 24% increase in Na/H antiporter activity measured 16-20 h after cAMP removal. This chronic persistent activation of the Na/H antiporter required > 2 h exposure. This effect was not a nonspecific effect of 8-bromo cAMP, in that addition of forskolin or forskolin + 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine for 6 h also led to a chronic persistent increase in Na/H antiporter activity. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide prevented 8-bromo cAMP-induced Na/H antiporter stimulation. Although 8-bromo cAMP addition decreased cell pH by 0.15-0.20 pH U, Na/H antiporter stimulation could be dissociated from cell acidification. In summary, while cAMP acutely inhibits Na/H antiporter activity, it chronically increases antiporter activity. This chronic activation occurs with exogenous addition or endogenous generation of cAMP. These results imply that for hormones that modulate renal Na excretion and proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity via cAMP and protein kinase A, acute effects may not predict chronic effects.
LEG ULCERS DUE TO THYROID DYSFUNCTION
Authors: MILTON H. COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The conception of the skin as an organ of the body intimately connected with the other organs and not merely a protective covering is too obvious to need any repetition or emphasis. However, in the studies made of skin diseases, attention has been directed chiefly toward the skin itself and the effect of internal influences has been generally overlooked. Every textbook under the caption of etiology will make a casual reference to metabolic disturbances, influences of the central nervous system, and the importance of the endocrine system; but, from a practical standpoint, little has been done to utilize these systemic changes in therapy. The treatment of cutaneous disorders is still essentially a local problem and very few conditions are relieved by specific internal therapy. Andrews<sup>1</sup>states that, in the obscure field of endocrinology, one finds expressions of glandular dysfunction of the skin more than in any other organ and
Fistuloscopy for the Management of Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Abscesses
Authors: T. Yamakawa, T. Suzuki, S. Kobayashi, H. Honda, S. Ohtaki, N. Fukuda, H. Amano, K. Uno
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

A new technique of fistuloscopy for evaluation and treatment of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses is described which was used in 8 patients in whom drainage of abscesses following surgery was insufficient. A cholangiofiberscope was introduced into the fistula canal produced by the postoperative drainage. Fistuloscopy was combined with fistulography in all cases to delineate the extent of the inflammatory process. The guidewire was then placed under visual control through the endoscope followed by re-introduction of the drainage tube until a position most effective for pus drainage was achieved. Following this procedure, fever resolved in all 8 patients. Fistuloscopy is recommended to achieve sufficient drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses in those cases where percutaneous ultrasound- or CT-guided drainage fails to lead to significant clinical improvement.
Cardiovascular safety of central nervous system stimulants in children and adolescents: population based cohort study
Authors: A. G. Winterstein, T. Gerhard, P. Kubilis, A. Saidi, S. Linden, S. Crystal, J. Zito, J. J. Shuster, M. Olfson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the cardiac safety of central nervous system stimulants in children and adolescents. <b>Design</b> Population based retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Automated healthcare claims data from 1 219 847 children and young people eligible for 28 state Medicaid programmes from 1999 to 2006 linked to the Social Security Death Master File and the National Death Index. <b>Participants</b> Children and young people age 3-18 entered the cohort at the first diagnosis of a mental health condition commonly treated with stimulants (such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) after a minimum period of six months' eligibility and were followed until loss of eligibility, their 19th birthday, admission to hospital for longer than 30 days, or death. Exclusion criteria included transplant recipients, receipt of dialysis, or claims indicating substance misuse. We retained high risk groups with similar use of stimulants as low risk children (such as children with congenital heart disease). Sociodemographic characteristics, cardiac risk factors, and psychiatric diagnoses obtained from before the index period were summarised with a propensity score. We used discrete survival analysis to estimate the relative risk for periods of stimulant use and non-use, adjusted for propensity score and antipsychotic use for the full cohort and the high risk and low risk groups. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Composite endpoint of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death; a secondary composite endpoint added ventricular arrhythmia <b>Results</b> A total of 66 (95 including ventricular arrhythmia) events occurred during 2 321 311 years of follow-up. The odds ratio adjusted for propensity score and antipsychotic use for current versus no stimulant use was 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.44), with a corresponding adjusted incidence rate of 2.2 and 3.5 per 100 000 patient years for current stimulant and non-use, respectively. Twenty six events occurred in high risk patients (incidence rate 63 per 100 000 patient years) with an odds ratio of 1.02 (0.28 to 3.69). Odds ratios for the secondary endpoint were similar to those for the primary endpoint (0.74, 0.38 to 1.46). <b>Conclusions</b> Treatment of children with central nervous stimulants is not significantly associated with an increase in the short term risk of severe cardiac events. Analyses cannot be generalised to children with long term use of stimulants. Furthermore, long term effects of slight increases in heart rate or blood pressure are unknown.
Abstract 2130: Small molecule activation of diaphanous-related formins as a novel anti-cancer strategy.
Authors: Leanne L. Lash, Arthur S. Alberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Formin-based cytoskeletal remodeling contributes to structural rearrangements that support an array of cellular demands, including chemotaxis and cell division. The Diaphanous formin family is managed in cells by Rho small GTP-binding proteins. Rho-GTP binding to the formin interferes with the intramolecular interaction between the Dia-inhibitory and -autoregulatory (DID &amp; DAD) domains that flank the critical formin homology-2 (FH2) domain. The FH2 domain can then interact with microtubules to stabilize microtubule dynamics and loosely associate with barbed ends of polymeric actin filaments to add actin monomers. As a consequence of monomer consumption into filaments, formins also activate the MAL/MRTF-SRF transcription factor axis. DAD-derived peptides can activate formins in cells by interrupting the DID-DAD autoregulatory mechanism. We screened for drug-like small molecules with in vitro, cellular, and in vivo activities that could mimic the impact of DAD peptides. Two chemically similar molecules, called the Intramimics (IMMs) were identified. Both molecules (IMM-01 and -02) blocked DID-DAD binding in vitro, induced actin/microtubule stabilization in cells, activated SRF, and impaired cell-cycle progression. The IMMs each reduced xenograft tumor growth in mice. Due to their novel activity on formins, the IMMs represent an innovative therapeutic strategy for the study and treatment of diseases impacted by defects in cell structure, including autism, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Citation Format: Leanne L. Lash, Arthur S. Alberts. Small molecule activation of diaphanous-related formins as a novel anti-cancer strategy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2130
Antiviral iodinated pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides: 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine; 5′-iodo-2′-deoxycytidine; 5-iodo-5′-amino-2′,5′-didoxyuridine
Authors: William H. Prusoff, Ming S. Chen, Paul H. Fischer, Tai-Shun Lin, George T. Shiau, Raymond F. Schinazi, Jamieson Walker
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1979)
When good care means less pay
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Last year the BMJ launched its campaign against the harms of overtreatment (Too Much Medicine: www.bmj.com/too-much-medicine).

It did not do this as a lone voice in the wilderness but as part of a group of organizations and individuals who are slowly realizing that some screening, diagnosis, and treatment is doing more harm than good to patients.

One other such organization is the American Board of Internal Medicine, which launched the Choosing Wisely initiative (www.choosingwisely.org/about-us/) at about the same time as the …
NEUROSYPHILIS SIX OR MORE YEARS AFTER TREATMENT
Authors: LOYD THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The advent of the Swift-Ellis 1 technic of intraspinal therapy in 1912 served as a stimulus to the interest in neurosyphilis, and since that time a great many cases have been treated by this method and its various modifications. While the reports of the immediate effects of such treatment are numerous, few references can be found in which the late results of intraspinal therapy in neurosyphilis are recorded. It would seem, therefore, that an endeavor to check up these results would be of value.  The cases that form the basis of this report consist of clinic and private patients as well as a number of cases at the Army and Navy General Hospital, and were seen between Sept. 1, 1914, when I first began practice in Hot Springs, and July 1, 1917, when I left Hot Springs for army service. During this time, eighty-four patients with neurosyphilis were observed and