tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Fibrillation in the Remodeled Atrium
Authors: Kaori Shinagawa, Akiko Shiroshita-Takeshita, Gernot Schram, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— The basis of the unique effectiveness of amiodarone for atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that amiodarone blocks electrical remodeling induced by atrial tachycardia. Methods and Results— Mongrel dogs were subjected to atrial tachycardia (400 bpm for 7 days) in the absence and presence of therapy with amiodarone, the class III cardiac antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide, or the class I agent flecainide begun 3 days before the onset of tachypacing and maintained until a final electrophysiological study. AF vulnerability (percentage of sites with AF induction by single premature extrastimuli), mean AF duration, atrial effective refractory period (ERP), and conduction velocity were compared among these dogs and in unpaced dogs in the absence or presence of treatment with the same agents. Only amiodarone prevented promotion of AF duration and vulnerability by atrial tachycardia. Furthermore, only amiodarone eliminated tachycardia-induced ERP abbreviation and loss of ERP rate adaptation while obviating L-type Ca 2+ -current α 1c -subunit downregulation as determined by Western blot. In an additional series of dogs monitored with repeated electrophysiological studies, amiodarone administered after the induction of atrial tachycardia remodeling reversed remodeling within several days, despite continued atrial tachypacing during amiodarone therapy. Conclusions— Amiodarone is uniquely effective against AF promotion by atrial tachycardia remodeling in this experimental model and prevents electrophysiological and biochemical consequences of remodeling. Amiodarone also reversed remodeling established by 4 days of atrial tachycardia. The inhibition of atrial tachycardia remodeling may therefore contribute to the superior efficacy of amiodarone in AF.
Enhancing the h index for the objective assessment of healthcare researcher performance and impact
Authors: Vanash M Patel, Hutan Ashrafian, Lutz Bornmann, RÜDiger Mutz, Jonathan Makanjuola, Petros Skapinakis, Ara Darzi, Thanos Athanasiou
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

To investigate whether the h index (a bibliometric tool which is increasingly used to assess and appraise an individual's research performance) could be improved to better measure the academic performance and citation profile for individual healthcare researchers.Cohort study.Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.Publication lists from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2009 for 501 academic healthcare researchers from the Faculty of Medicine.The h index for each researcher was calculated over a nine-year period. The citation count for each researcher was differentiated into high (h(2) upper), core (h(2) centre) and low (h(2) lower) visibility areas. Segmented regression model (sRM) was used to statistically estimate number of high visibility publications (sRM value). Validity of the h index and other proposed adjuncts were analysed against academic rank and conventional bibliometric indicators.Construct validity was demonstrated for h index, h(2) upper, h(2) centre, h(2) lower and sRM value (all P < 0.05). Convergent validity of the h index and sRM value was shown by significant correlations with total number of publications (r = 0.89 and 0.86 respectively, P < 0.05) and total number of citations (r = 0.96 and 0.65, respectively, P < 0.05). Significant differences in h index and sRM value existed between non-physician and physician researchers (P < 0.05).This study supports the construct validity of the h index as a measure of healthcare researcher academic rank. It also identifies the assessment value of our developed indices of h(2) upper, h(2) centre, h(2) lower and sRM. These can be applied in combination with the h index to provide additional objective evidence to appraise the performance and impact of an academic healthcare researcher.
Papillomavirus DNA in smear test raises risk of cervical cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A single positive finding of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in a pap smear test confers a markedly increased risk of subsequent development of cervical cancer, according to a new study. Based on this finding, it has been suggested that it may be prudent to test for HPV DNA in conjunction with routine pap smears.

Infection with HPV has long been known to be a cause of cervical cancer. …
Lack of Evidence About Tube Feeding—Food for Thought
Authors: Robert McCann
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heparin as an Antithrombotic Agent
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PULMONARY embolism is a ubiquitous and frequently lethal complication (50,000 deaths annually<sup>1</sup>of a broad spectrum of medical and surgical diseases and of sedentary living). This mortality is predominantly a hospital-based phenomenon. The hazard to a productive life has been masked by a lack of awareness of the true incidence of pulmonary embolism and by the fact that it is not itself a disease, but rather a complication of a host of major pathologic states. Recent data have documented not only its remarkable scope, its increasing prevalence in our society, but, most importantly, have provided new methods of prophylaxis that are available for general use by physicians and surgeons. In short, venous thromboembolism is on its way to becoming a largely preventable complication of disease. Anticoagulants, particularly heparin sodium in classical doses and the coumarin compounds, are the mainstay of the antithrombotic methods in the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism.
Abstract 4794: NANOG represses mitochondrial energy production and promotes fatty acid synthesis to promote self-renewal in tumor-initiating cells
Authors: Chia-Lin Chen, Vasu Punj, Linda Sher, Lydia Petrovic, Keigo Machida
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Stem cell markers such as Nanog have been implicated in various cancer, but whether they are functionally contributing to cancer pathogenesis has remained unclear. We previously reported that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling regulated NANOG expression in liver cancers (Chen et al., J. Clin. Inv., 2013). Here, we determined novel targets of NANOG in CD133+CD49f+ tumor-initiating cells (TICs) from patient and mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using genome-wide NANOG-binding site analysis (ChIP-seq). Silencing NANOG inhibits tumor development in HCC mouse models and genesis of TICs as alcohol/obesity-associated increase of serum bacterial products activates TLR4 signaling. To determine novel targets of NANOG in TICs isolated from several HCC models, ChIP-seq in TICs was performed. NANOG binds genes of oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation in mitochondria. Silencing NANOG promotes oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation, indicating that NANOG is a suppressor of mitochondria-mediated energy production. We identified the TLR4-NANOG oncogenic pathway in the genesis of TICs and liver tumor in HCC mouse models, including alcohol/high-fat-diet-fed hepatitis C virus (HCV) transgenic mice, DEN/phenobarbtal-treated and Spnb2+/- mice. We identified the stimulation of TLR4 transactivates Nanog through E2F1 phosphorylation at serine residues 332/336 and generates TICs, leading to development of liver tumors. Metabolomic analysis demonstrates metabolic reprogramming in TICs through NANOG. Reduction of NANOG expression resulted in an improved cellular energy balance, including reduction of the glycolysis pathway, increased fatty acid consumption and greater uptake of amino acids. The improved energy status is linked to a shift away from glycolysis and a greater reliance on fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid anaplerosis. Taken together, these results suggest that NANOG-mediated metabolic reprogramming through suppression of mitochondria function in both experimental and clinical HCC downstream of TLR4/NANOG generates TICs and drives liver tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Chia-Lin Chen, Vasu Punj, Linda Sher, Lydia Petrovic, Keigo Machida. NANOG represses mitochondrial energy production and promotes fatty acid synthesis to promote self-renewal in tumor-initiating cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4794. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4794
Body Image and Attitudes Toward Male Roles in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users
Authors: Gen Kanayama, Steven Barry, James I. Hudson, Harrison G. Pope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors sought to expand on previous observations suggesting that body-image pathology is associated with illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). In particular, the authors compared current versus past AAS users and short-term versus long-term users in this respect. Method: The authors assessed 89 heterosexual men who lifted weights regularly–48 AAS users and 41 nonusers–on measures of self-esteem, attitudes toward male roles, body image, eating-related attitudes and behaviors, and muscle dysmorphia (“reverse anorexia nervosa”). Results: AAS users as a whole showed few differences from nonusers on most measures but showed greater symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (e.g., not allowing their bodies to be seen in public, giving up pleasurable activities because of body-appearance concerns). The current and past AAS users each differed only modestly from nonusers on most measures. Short-term AAS “experimenters” were also largely indistinguishable from nonusers, but the long-term AAS users showed striking and significant differences from nonusers on many measures, including marked symptoms of muscle dysmorphia and stronger endorsement of conventional male roles. Conclusions: Both body-image pathology and narrow stereotypic views of masculinity appear to be prominent among men with long-term AAS use. Although our cross-sectional observations cannot confirm that these factors help to cause or perpetuate AAS use, a causal hypothesis is certainly plausible and deserving of further testing in longitudinal studies. If these factors are indeed causal, then AAS users might respond to cognitive behavior approaches that simultaneously take aim at both types of maladaptive beliefs.
The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: None SABROE, None GRATTAN, None FRANCIS, None BARR, None KOBZA BLACK, None GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria Get access R.A. SABROE, R.A. SABROE Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E.H. GRATTAN, C.E.H. GRATTAN West Norwich Hospital, Bowthorpe Road, Norwich NR2 3TU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. FRANCIS, D.M. FRANCIS Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. BARR, R.M. BARR Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. KOBZA BLACK, A. KOBZA BLACK Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES M.W. GREAVES Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 3, 1 March 1999, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02707.x Published: 01 March 1999
The Continuing Evolution of Health Maintenance Organizations
Authors: Gordon K. MacLeod, Jeffrey A. Prussin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Of the various health-care systems currently available to the American people, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) most nearly meet the objective of providing access to high-quality comprehensive medical and health-care services at the most reasonable cost possible. Preventive services, early disease detection, diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury are all equally emphasized in the HMO. Several decades of successful growth by prototype prepaid group-practice plans have brought national attention from both the public and private sectors to focus on HMO's. Basic principles for developing an effective HMO include prepayment, a contractual responsibility between the plan and its members, an autonomous and self-governing physicians' organization, physicians' payment influenced by shared financial responsibility, integrated services, voluntary enrollment and comprehensive coverage. The groundwork is now being laid for development of manpower resources for HMO's, with several medical schools having recently established HMO-like models to serve as training sites for future practitioners.
The Hand as a Mirror of Systemic Disease
Authors: J. Calvin Davis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Berry here invites us to join him in a useful enterprise: the scrutiny of the hand. He has assembled many persuasive examples of the value of careful examination of this organ, and, although he refers specifically to the hand, he extends his argument frequently to inspection in general. He argues his case not so much by exhortation as by allowing the examples to speak for themselves, and his results are most convincing. The examples are largely presented with photographs and illustrations of high quality. In many cases early, subtle changes are depicted alongside far advanced and more obvious abnormalities. The more common diseases are properly emphasized, but many unusual findings are also demonstrated. Although the book is not intended to be an exhaustive catalog, it is, nevertheless, relatively inclusive. While most of the examples can be found with some difficulty in various textbooks and journals, it is doubtful that
Decrease in the transmembrane sodium activity gradient in ferret papillary muscle as a prerequisite to the calcium paradox.
Authors: T Guarnieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Sodium-dependent calcium exchange may be an important mediator of calcium reperfusion damage during the calcium paradox phenomenon. We measured intracellular sodium activity with ion-selective electrodes during a 15-min period of calcium reperfusion in isolated ferret papillary muscles. During the calcium-free period, alpha Nai increased from 9.0 +/- 0.9 to 18.9 +/- 4.3 mM. With reinstitution of calcium there was a significant contracture. The amount of contracture after calcium reinstitution was related to sodium loading during the calcium-free period. We were unable to block sodium entry during the calcium-free period with either nitrendipine, tetrodotoxin, or low concentrations of amiloride. 10(-3) M amiloride or lithium for sodium substitution in the calcium-free period, however, obliterated the increase in alpha Nai activity and the subsequent paradox. These data suggest that sodium loading is a necessary prerequisite for the calcium paradox and that one mechanism of sodium entry is through Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Under these conditions, no increase in the rest force is seen without previous sodium gains, suggesting that sodium-dependent calcium exchange is an important trigger for the calcium reflow, the calcium paradox.
Wind Exposure and Phthisis
Authors: C. A. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1901)

Wind Exposure and Phthisis.At the meeting of tlie Royal Medical and Cliirurgical Society lield last Tuesday, a paper was read by Dr. AY. Gordon, in which he raised the question of the influence which exposure to wind has upon the incidence of phthisis upon a locality.From a large number of observations he was able to show that the mortality from phthisis does not run with, in fact sometimes runs quite opposite to, the general death rate, and thus, by inference, that a high phthisis rate is not of necessity the result of those conditions of insanitation by which a high general death rate is produced.He then considered one by one the relation of phthisis to rainfall, to varieties of soil, and to exposure to wind ; and, in regard to the latter, he referred to the conclusions arrived at by Dr. Havilland, in his work on the geographical distribution of this disease, published in 1868, in which lie pointed out that exposure to the prevailing winds was associated with a high phthisis mortality.Testing this point in regard to
Disruption of hemochromatosis protein and transferrin receptor 2 causes iron-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Roheeth D. Delima, Anita C.G. Chua, Janina E.E. Tirnitz-Parker, Eng K. Gan, Kevin D. Croft, Ross M. Graham, John K. Olynyk, Debbie Trinder
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Mutations in hemochromatosis protein (HFE) or transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) cause hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) by impeding production of the liver iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin (HAMP). This study examined the effects of disruption of Hfe or Tfr2 , either alone or together, on liver iron loading and injury in mouse models of HH. Iron status was determined in Hfe knockout ( Hfe −/−), Tfr2 Y245X mutant ( Tfr2 mut), and double-mutant ( Hfe −/−× Tfr2mut ) mice by measuring plasma and liver iron levels. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, liver histology, and collagen deposition were evaluated to assess liver injury. Hepatic oxidative stress was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and F2-isoprostane levels. Gene expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hfe −/−× Tfr2mut mice had elevated hepatic iron with a periportal distribution and increased plasma iron, transferrin saturation, and non-transferrin-bound iron, compared with Hfe −/−, Tfr2mut , and wild-type (WT) mice. Hamp1 expression was reduced to 40% ( Hfe −/− and Tfr2mut ) and 1% ( Hfe −/−× Tfr2mut ) of WT values. Hfe −/− × Tfr2mut mice had elevated plasma ALT activity and mild hepatic inflammation with scattered aggregates of infiltrating inflammatory cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45)–positive cells. Increased hepatic hydoxyproline levels as well as Sirius red and Masson's Trichrome staining demonstrated advanced portal collagen deposition. Hfe −/− and Tfr2mut mice had less hepatic inflammation and collagen deposition. Liver F2-isoprostane levels were elevated, and copper/zinc and manganese SOD activities decreased in Hfe −/−× Tfr2mut, Tfr2mut, and Hfe −/− mice, compared with WT mice. Conclusion : Disruption of both Hfe and Tfr2 caused more severe hepatic iron overload with more advanced lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and portal fibrosis than was observed with the disruption of either gene alone. The Hfe −/−× Tfr2mut mouse model of iron-induced liver injury reflects the liver injury phenotype observed in human HH. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Ambulatory Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Jack Edward Maidman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

care, according to the editor of this text, Dr George M. Ryan, Jr, has long been the stepchild of clinical obstetrics and gynecology. Ryan and 23 other authors have attempted to collect basic information related to the ambulatory aspects of this specialty. The book consists of 26 illustrated chapters, divided among three sections: General Information, Ambulatory Care in Obstetrics and Ambulatory Care in Gynecology.  The first chapter contains a particularly informative and well-referenced administrative plan for organizing ambulatory care in settings ranging from solo practice to hospital based groups. It is supplemented by a chapter concerned specifically with ambulatory health care needs of women.  The second section is directed toward the ambulatory care of obstetric patients. It begins with an excellent chapter defining prenatal care in terms of patient evaluation, prenatal records, and patient educational objectives. The identification of risk in the obstetric patient is covered in subsequent chapters,
GANGLIONIC GLIONEUROMA OF THE OPTIC NERVE
Authors: G. C. Ruhland
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The ganglionic glioneuroma belongs to the rarer forms of nerve-tissue tumors and is found most commonly in the central nervous system and cord. The following case, however, is of special interest largely because of the unusual location and evolution of the tumor, which beautifully explain the clinical manifestations. The history of the case, as given by Dr. C. S. Beebe, in whose practice it occurred and by whom the removal of the eye and tumor was performed, is as follows: The patient, a girl aged 8, first began to show evidences of eye trouble at the age of 6. No examination was made by a physician at that time and the diagnosis of "some eye trouble" was the parents' own observation. At the age of 8, the child contracted scarlet fever with rapidly developing exophthalmos and complete blindness of the "eye that was wrong." On enucleation of the eye, to
Who Thinks of Me?
Authors: J. E. Babin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Ad Libitum4 April 2006Who Thinks of Me?J. E. BabinJ. E. BabinFrom Laconia, NH 03246.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Loneliness comes in winter, always has.Enveloped in the blackness of my leather chair I languish.The warm wool carpet, red as blood, gathers in my toes likenative women folding harvest in their aprons.Soft-lit lamps with linen shades in golden huesperch on polished wooden tables.This space, embracing like a mother's womb, offers up no secrets.Strong and lean I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Laconia, NH 03246.Current Author Address: J.E. Babin, 24 Birchwood Way, Laconia, NH 03246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 7Page: 540KeywordsBloodHeartMemoryTasteUterus ePublished: 4 April 2006 Issue Published: 4 April 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Maalox versus cimetidine.
Authors: M Hangmann
Journal: Gut (1989)

Infusion of methyl tertiary butyl ether in bile ducts of rabbits SIR,-I was interested to read the paper from Professor Tritapepe's group (Gut 1989; 30: 206-12). 1 feel it is important to emphasise that this work has little or no bearing on previously published human in vivo studies on the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether