tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AIDS in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Thierry Lazard
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To help physicians decide whether to admit patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to the medical intensive care unit (MICU).Case series study of AIDS patients admitted to the MICU between October 1990 and October 1992 and followed up until April 1993 (median follow-up, 1 year).The MICU in a 970-bed teaching hospital in Paris, France.A total of 120 consecutive AIDS patients with acute respiratory failure (50%), central nervous system dysfunction (22.5%), pneumothorax (12.5%), shock (10.8%), or miscellaneous conditions (4.2%). A total of 86 patients were discharged alive from the MICU.Predictive factors for mortality during and after MICU stay.Multivariate analysis identified 3 factors predicting poor MICU outcome: Simplified Acute Physiology Score I (SAPS I) above 10 (relative risk [RR], 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-26.6), time between AIDS diagnosis and MICU admission more than 1 year(RR, 6.0; 95% CI, 2.1-17.5), serum albumin level less than 30 g/L (RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.3-18.2). The CD4 cell count, beta2-microglobulinemia, and previous opportunistic infections had no influence on MICU mortality. After MICU discharge, survival rates were 86% at 1 week, 82% at 1 month, 53% at 6 months, and 39% at 1 year. The Karnofsky scale score and the number of previous opportunistic infections were simultaneously associated with post-MICU outcome. Predictive factors for MICU survival did not influence post-MICU survival.The MICU mortality was related to immediate severity (assessed within 48 hours of admission) and the time between AIDS diagnosis and MICU admission. Long-term survival after MICU discharge depended only on the severity of AIDS. We conclude that AIDS patients should be admitted to the MICU on the same basis as other patients.
Cases of Facial Erysipelas with Low Temperature
Authors: J. Cavafy
Journal: BMJ (1884)

<b>Background:</b> We investigated the change in the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level before and after treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays. The objective was to assess whether QFT-Plus can serve as a biomarker of LTBI treatment response. <b>Methods:</b> We prospectively enrolled 44 patients whose baseline QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus showed positive results at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between March 2017 and March 2018. After LTBI treatment, both the tests were performed again. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of the subjects was 47.6 years. The baseline IFN-γ levels were comparable among the three values; the median IFN-γ level with QFT-GIT, QFT-Plus TB1, and QFT-Plus TB2 was 3.395 IU/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.615–7.180), 3.060 IU/mL (IQR 0.655–7.045), and 2.880 IU/mL (IQR 0.668–7.170) (P = 0.060), respectively. Subsequently, the difference between pre- and post-LTBI treatment IFN-γ levels was measured using the QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus assays. No significant difference was noted among the three values: the median difference in IFN-γ value with QFT-GIT, QFT-Plus TB1, and QFT-Plus TB2 was 0.211 IU/mL (IQR -0.337–3.347), 0.025 IU/mL (IQR -0.338–1.368), and 0.180 IU/mL (IQR -0.490–2.278), respectively (P = 0.401). <b>Conclusions:</b> The change in the IFN-γ level before and after LTBI treatment measured using QFT-Plus assay showed a similar trend to that of QFT-GIT assay. Considering that QFT-GIT assay is not a useful biomarker of LTBI treatment response, QFT-Plus may also not be useful for this purpose.
Association of hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome with erythema eievatum diutinum
Authors: S. MIYAGAWA, W. KITAMURA, K. MORITA, M. SAISHIN, T. SHIRAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Association of hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome with erythema eievatum diutinum Get access S. MIYAGAWA, S. MIYAGAWA Departments of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan Dr S. Miyagawa, Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. KITAMURA, W. KITAMURA Departments of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. MORITA, K. MORITA Departments of Clinico‐Laboratory‐Diagnostics, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. SAISHIN, M. SAISHIN Departments of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. SHIRAI T. SHIRAI Departments of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 5, 1 May 1993, Pages 572–574, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00238.x Published: 01 May 1993 Article history Accepted: 02 November 1992 Published: 01 May 1993
Mental wellbeing and quality of sexual life in women with primary Sjogren's syndrome are related to circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
Authors: S T. Valtysdottir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the possible effect of androgen status on sexuality and mental wellbeing in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). <b>Methods:</b> Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), testosterone (T), androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and the SHBG/T ratio were measured in 21 women with pSS. Sexual life was assessed by a Swedish version of the McCoy scale, which covers sexual experience and responsiveness during the past 30 days. A standardised questionnaire, the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB), was used to examine quality of life and psychological symptoms in patients with pSS. <b>Results:</b> Positive correlations were found between DHEA-S serum levels and the total McCoy score (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.62; p&lt;0.01), as well as the subscales of this score reflecting arousal (0.59; p&lt;0.05), desire (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.52; p&lt;0.05), and satisfaction (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.66; p&lt;0.01). Serum DHEA-S concentrations were also related to the total PGWB score (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.60; p&lt;0.01) and subscales of this score: depression (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.62; p&lt;0.01), wellbeing (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.64; p&lt;0.01), general health (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.67; p&lt;0.01), and self control (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.67; p&lt;0.01). Total McCoy and PGWB scores and their subscales were not related to the serum levels of testosterone and androstenedione or the T/SHBG ratio. <b>Conclusions:</b> Circulating levels of the weak androgen DHEA-S are positively related to the quality of sexual life and mental wellbeing in women with pSS.
The Negative Side of Cost-effectiveness Analysis-Reply
Authors: Jose A. Sacristán
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —While we sympathize with many of the points raised by Drs Stinnett and Mullahy, we cannot agree that the magnitude of a negative C/E ratio "conveys no useful information." This is an important part of what you "see" when you plot the outcome of a health economics study as a point (△C,△E on the cost-effectiveness plane.<sup>1</sup> Polar coordinates (radius and angle) are helpful to understand the technical issues here (Figure). Stinnett and Mullahy point out that the C/E ratio is an imperfect measure of angle; any given ratio corresponds to 2 angles that differ by exactly 180°. Outcomes in quadrants II and IV generate negative C/E ratios. An outcome in quadrant IV means that the experimental treatment dominates the standard treatment on long-range average, whereas an outcome in quadrant II indicates the opposite (ie, the standard treatment dominates the experimental treatment). Quadrant II (0,0) Quadrant III AC Quadrant I
Early Clinical Differentiation Between Legionnaires' Disease and Other Sporadic Pneumonias
Authors: ANDREW C. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Early diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease is difficult because other pathogens cause a similar clinical picture and microbiologic tests are usually only of retrospective value. Since May 1977, 17 patients with sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease have been admitted, all previously well, the diagnosis being made with standard serologic or bacteriologic criteria. From the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings, we propose criteria that may enable the clinician to make a diagnosis earlier in many cases, differentiating them from other pneumonias. Within 24 hours of admission, any three of the following four features are strongly suggestive of Legionnaires' disease: [1] prodromal "viral" illness, [2] dry cough or confusion or diarrhoea, [3] lymphopenia without marked neutrophilia, [4] hyponatremia. Two thirds of cases had at least three of these features, and no false-positive diagnoses would have been made in other pneumonias that were serologically negative for Legionnaires' disease if these proposed criteria had been applied diagnostically. In the next few days the diagnosis is very likely if microbiologic tests are negative and if there is radiologic extension, abnormal liver function test results, or hypoalbuminemia.
Abstract 3950: Extracellular protons promote the metastasis of breast cancer <i>via</i> activation of the proton-sensing receptor G-protein coupled receptor 4.
Authors: Yu Jin Lee, Kyun Heo, Soo-Ah Park, Dong-Young Noh, Kyong-Tai Kim, Sung Ho Ryu, Pann-Ghill Suh Suh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment is a typical malignant phenotype that enhances tumorigenesis and tumor progression induced by altered cellular signaling and transcriptional regulation. However, the underlying mechanism by which tumor cells sense and response the acidic environment remains unclear. In this study, we found that expression of G-protein coupled receptor (GPR4) was upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues from patients with breast cancer compared to normal breast cells and tissues. In a xenograft mouse model, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing of endogenous GPR4 significantly reduced distant metastases to several lymph nodes and the lung compared to control shRNA. In addition, endogenous GPR4 expression in breast cancer cells enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion in an acidic environment and induced the activation of RhoA and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Acidosis/GPR4 activation also upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer cells. These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which acidosis-mediated tumor aggressiveness is acquired as a critical step for distant metastasis in breast cancer. Citation Format: Yu Jin Lee, Kyun Heo, Soo-Ah Park, Dong-Young Noh, Kyong-Tai Kim, Sung Ho Ryu, Pann-Ghill Suh Suh. Extracellular protons promote the metastasis of breast cancer via activation of the proton-sensing receptor G-protein coupled receptor 4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3950. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3950
Adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids.
Authors: D. L. Maxwell, J. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1989)

SIR,-Many chartered physiotherapists, particularly those working in respiratory care, will welcome Dr D S Selsby's editorial on chest physiotherapy.' Chartered physiotherapists are aware that "chest physiotherapy for all" is not the answer and have looked critically at their practice for many years, evaluating the techniques used and their suitability to the diseases being treated.We also hope that the article will enable clinicians to understand the reasoning underlying physiotherapists' statements that chest physiotherapy may not be suitable for a particular patient.Another important point should not be over- looked: not all chest physiotherapy consists of hands on treatment.Advice on breathing patterns, posture, huffing techniques, and so on has an important part to play in treating patients with respiratory problems.
UNUSUAL COMPLICATION FOLLOWING A LOW CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Alice F. Maxwell
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A. V., a Greek woman, aged 27, a multipara, seen in the outpatient department of the University of California Obstetrical Service in the seventh month of her second pregnancy, had been delivered of her first child seventeen months previously by cervical section, by an experienced obstetrician, after some hours of labor. A cephalopelvic disproportion was the reason for section. Her convalescence was uneventful, and she was discharged after thirteen days. The pelvic measurements, physical examination and pregnancy were normal, but the patient was advised to report to the hospital with the onset of labor pains. In general, it has been the policy of the department not to permit a patient to attempt natural labor after a previous cesarean section. Labor began late at night, just at term, but the patient did not enter the hospital until four hours had elapsed, at which time the pains were coming every three minutes
Detection of Increased Blood Flow to the Affected Arm in Repetitive Strain Injury With Radionuclide and Doppler Ultrasound Studies A Case Report
Authors: ADIL M. AL-NAHHAS, ALI S. M. JAWAD, V. RALPH McCREADY, RAJENDRA KEDAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A case of clinically diagnosed repetitive strain Injury was referred for investigation to rule out the possibility of an occult bone disease. The patient was a female keyboard operator who had pain and tenderness over the flexor muscles of the right hand and arm. The pain was severe and almost constant. The authors observed an increase In Tc-99m MDP delivery to the affected forearm during the dynamic sequence of a three-phase bone scintigram, indicating Increased blood flow compared to the contralateral side. The same result was achieved using quantitative blood flow measurements with the Doppler technique and Tc-99m HMPAO perfusion imaging. These findings agree with recent studies that suggest increased total arm blood flow in repetitive strain injury and may provide an easy screening method.
Zebrafish and the understanding of liver development: The emerging role of the wnt pathway in liver biology
Authors: Nicholas Shackel
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Endodermal organs such as the lung, liver and pancreas emerge at precise locations along the primitive gut tube. Although several signalling pathways have been implicated in liver formation, so far no single gene has been identified that exclusively regulates liver specification. In zebrafish, the onset of liver specification is marked by the localized endodermal expression of hhex and prox1 at 22 hours post fertilization. Here we used a screen for mutations affecting endodermal organ morphogenesis to identify a unique phenotype: prometheus (prt) mutants exhibit profound, though transient, defects in liver specification. Positional cloning reveals that prt encodes a previously unidentified Wnt2b homologue. prt/wnt2bb is expressed in restricted bilateral domains in the lateral plate mesoderm directly adjacent to the liver-forming endoderm. Mosaic analyses show the requirement for Prt/Wnt2bb in the lateral plate mesoderm, in agreement with the inductive properties of Wnt signalling. Taken together, these data reveal an unexpected positive role for Wnt signalling in liver specification, and indicate a possible common theme for the localized formation of endodermal organs along the gut tube.
Antifibrotic vitamin D analogs
Authors: Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Chronic kidney disease is associated with progressive kidney fibrosis, which disrupts normal kidney function. There is a great need for treatments to reduce renal fibrosis. In this issue of the JCI, Ito and colleagues report the development of synthetic ligands of the vitamin D receptor that target the TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway, which is known to regulate fibrosis-associated gene expression, without inducing VDR-associated genes. These ligands ameliorated renal fibrosis in two different mouse models. This study justifies further investigation of these and related compounds for treatment of humans with chronic kidney disease or other diseases characterized by fibrosis.
HYPERTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY TREATED WITH THIOURACIL
Authors: SOLOMON STROUSE
Journal: JAMA (1946)

The incidence of the combination of pregnancy and hyperthyroidism is very low. Javert reports 18 cases of hyperthyroidism in 23,439 pregnancies (0.076 per cent), McLaughlin and McGoogan 19 cases in 6,112 (0.3 per cent). We have been able to find reports of less than 10 cases of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy treated with thiouracil—so far without any toxic effect on either mother or child. However, since the drug has caused a number of complications, we might anticipate the probability of toxicity in a certain percentage of mothers. Experimental studies of the effect of thiourea on pregnant rats indicate the possibility of damage to the offspring, with characteristic thyroid hyperplasia and retardation of development. For these reasons we have been hesitant about employing thiouracil in cases of hyperthyroidism complicated with pregnancy, and in all cases except the 1 here reported we have followed older measures of therapy as adapted to the individual.
Total parenteral nutrition as primary treatment in Crohn's disease--RIP?
Authors: J J Payne-James, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1988)

Editorial. Mise a jour. Il semble que l'alimentation parenterale totale doive etre restreinte a un support, et non utilisee comme premier traitement. Elle est utile dans les cas de complications (obstruction, syndrome d'intestin court apres resections). L'avantage principal est l'amelioration de l'etat nutritionnel
Direct evidence that hepatocyte growth factor is a hepatotrophic factor for liver regeneration and has a potent antihepatitis effectin vivo
Authors: Yoshihide Ishiki, Hiroo Ohnishi, Yasutoshi Muto, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Hepatocyte growth factor, a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes in vitro, seems to function as a hepatotrophic factor for liver regeneration. We examined the mitogenic effect of hepatocyte growth factor on mouse liver in vivo. The labeling index of hepatocytes was markedly increased when recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor was injected intravenously into mice subjected to 30% hepatectomy (control, 1.7% +/- 0.1%; 1 microgram hepatocyte growth factor, 6.4% +/- 1.3%; 5 micrograms hepatocyte growth factor, 18.3% +/- 0.2%) and into mice administered carbon tetrachloride (control, 12.7% +/- 1.0%; 1 microgram hepatocyte growth factor, 26.3% +/- 2.8%) or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (control, 0.4% +/- 0.1%; 1 microgram hepatocyte growth factor, 3.8% +/- 1.1%; 5 micrograms hepatocyte growth factor, 14.2% +/- 2.0%). In addition, weights of the remnant livers in mice given hepatocyte growth factor 60 hr after 30% hepatectomy were significantly greater than those of untreated control mice (control, 0.93 +/- 0.04 gm; 5 micrograms hepatocyte growth factor, 1.06 +/- 0.04 gm). Hepatocyte growth factor prevented any marked increase in the serum levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin when it was administered to mice also treated with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (control: ALT, 394 +/- 278 IU/L; lactate dehydrogenase, 2,644 +/- 1,109 IU/L; bilirubin, 9.6 +/- 2.6 mg/dl; and 5 micrograms hepatocyte growth factor: ALT, 135 +/- 7.9 IU/L; lactate dehydrogenase, 1,672 +/- 626 IU/L; bilirubin, 1.0 +/- 0.8 mg/dl). Our findings show that intravenously injected hepatocyte growth factor stimulates the growth of hepatocytes in mouse liver and protects the integrity of hepatocytes in vivo against hepatitis caused by hepatotoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LETTER FROM BERLIN.
Authors: George Tully Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Berlin, Nov. 10, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I arrived in Germany on the 24th ult., and stopped for a short time in Bremen and Hamburg before coming to this city. Through the kindness of Dr. Dunbar, Director of the Hygienic Institute in Hamburg, formerly an American citizen but now a German subject, I was introduced to Dr. Schede, a pupil of Volkmann, and Oberorzh of the New Eppendorf General Hospital—a new hospital of 1,800 beds, constructed on the pavilion plan, situated in Eppendorf, a suburb of Hamburg. The operating room is well arranged as to light and all the conveniences for modern surgical operations. Dr. Schede courteously showed me over the buildings and invited my attention to many of his cases, the number and variety of which gave evidence of the vast amount of material that might be utilized in clinics. And yet Hamburg, a city of more than half
Mountain bike terrain park injuries: an emerging cause of morbidity
Authors: N Ruest, M Nguyen, T Embree, B H Rowe, B E Hagel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The popularity of mountain biking (MB) has led to the development of commercial MB parks. Little is known about the injury profile and risk factors in these areas. Objective To determine the injury profile and risk factors for severe injury among cyclists in MB parks. Design Prospective case-control study. Cases were hospitalised cyclists injured in MB parks. Controls were cyclists injured in MB parks seen and discharged from the emergency department (ED). Setting Four EDs in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Participants Recreational cyclists injured in a MB park who presented to one of the study EDs from May 2008 to August 2010. 351 patients were interviewed. Assessment of risk factors Crash circumstances were captured through interviews and injury data through medical chart review. Main outcome measurements Severe injury as defined by hospitalisation; levels within factors were compared using OR and 95% CI. Results 23 participants were hospitalised (cases).The most common body region injured was the head/neck/face among cases, and the upper extremities among controls. 21% of cases and 9% of controls were female. A greater proportion of cases than controls were older than 25 years (22% vs 15%, respectively). Full-face helmets were used less among cases than controls (21% vs 41%, respectively). Arm and elbow protection was used more among cases than controls (arm: 13% vs 2%; elbow: 22% vs 8%). On univariate analyses, we found an indication of increased odds of severe injury among females (OR=2.8; 95% CI 0.96 to 8.06). Riding a new bicycle (OR=2.74; 95% CI 1.16 to 6.45) and cycling on grass compared with dirt (OR=7.06; 95% CI 1.21 to 41.33) increased the odds of severe injury. Conclusion Preliminary analysis suggests surface and experience-related characteristics may increase the risk of severe injury. Case-control differences were noted in protective equipment use.