tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated plasma levels of vascular endothelial cell markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Hideo Wada, Yoshitaka Mori, Toshihiro Kaneko, Yoshihiro Wakita, Tutomu Nakase, Kouzou Minamikawa, Michiaki Ohiwa, Shigehisa Tamaki, Motoaki Tanigawa, Sinichi Kageyama, Katsumi Deguchi, Takeshi Nakano, Shigeru Shirakawa, Koji Suzuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Hypercholesterolemia is associated with an increased incidence of vascular complications. To assess the actual degree of activation of coagulation systems and vascular disorders in hypercholesterolemia, plasma levels of vascular endothelial cell markers, such as thrombomodulin (TM), tissue‐type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐l (PAl‐l), and von Willebrand factor, were measured in 51 patients with hypercholesterolemia. We also investigated the effects of Pravastatin, an inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on plasma lipid, lipoprotein a, and hemostatic markers. The mean plasma levels of thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), TM, and PAl‐I were significantly elevated in hypercholesterolemia. Of the hemostatic markers, only TM was significantly increased in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD). The mean concentration of total cholesterol and levels of TAT, FPA, PAI‐I, and TM were significantly reduced after the Pravastatin treatment. The PIC/TAT ratio was significantly increased in non‐IHD patients after treatment, this was not the case in IHD patients. These findings suggested the presence of a thrombogenic state and vascular endothelial cell disorders in hypercholesterolemia; such a state might well be related to hypofibrinolysis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professor Kitasato's Anticholera Serum
Authors: A. Nakagawa
Journal: BMJ (1896)

There is not in political institutions anything quite analo- gous to the general meeting of the Association.It is as though the House of Comtnons as a whole were periodically to encounter the electors in a mass meeting, without any reference to the division into constituencies.Each independent elector would then be free to howl at other people's representatives, and pelt them with rotten eggs.The said elected representatives, at peace with their own constituents, and strong in the possession of their confidence, would re-
DUNCE: Disc Uptake, No Calcification Evident
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, MARGARET J. HADDON, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RONALD J. ROSENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Bone imaging (Tc-99m HDP) demonstrated diffuse and intense radionuclide concentration in multiple intervertebral disc spaces. This was unexplained by history or physical examination. Films of the thoracolumbar region, taken during the hospitalization, did not show any evidence of disc disease or calcification. Radiographs of the area, two years previously, also did not detect any abnormalities of the intervertebral disc spaces.
Eradicating acute myeloid leukemia in a MllPTD/wt:Flt3ITD/wt murine model: a path to novel therapeutic approaches for human disease
Authors: Kelsie M. Bernot, John S. Nemer, Ramasamy Santhanam, Shujun Liu, Nicholas A. Zorko, Susan P. Whitman, Kathryn E. Dickerson, Mengzi Zhang, Xiaojuan Yang, Kathleen K. McConnell, Elshafa H. Ahmed, Maura R. Muñoz, Ronald F. Siebenaler, Gabriel G. Marcucci, Bethany L. Mundy-Bosse, Daniel L. Brook, Sabrina Garman, Adrienne M. Dorrance, Xiaoli Zhang, Jianying Zhang, Robert J. Lee, William Blum, Michael A. Caligiuri, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Blood (2013)
Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: T CASALE, W BUSSE, J KLINE, Z BALLAS, M MOSS, R TOWNLEY, M MOKHTARANI, V SEYFERTMARGOLIS, A ASARE, K BATEMAN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS BY DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION.
Authors: AUGUSTIN H. GOELET
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It is too often the custom to regard every discharge from the uterus as evidence of endometritis and to submit the endometrium to vigorous treatment either by caustic or astringent applications or curettage or both. This is unscientific and an error both in diagnosis and treatment. Even when the diagnosis of endometritis is correct, such measures, as they are usually applied, are not effectual, and they submit the patient to needless risk and the uterus to much unnecessary violence. If every case so maltreated was actually an endometritis, there would still be no justification for the vigorous and even harsh measures sometimes blindly employed against it. I believe I am not far wrong when I say that if a cure results after such treatment it is not because of it, but in spite of it. If the case is one of simple hyperemia of the endometrium,
Incidental Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Huy A. Tran
Journal: JAMA (2006)

differences in motivation and intention that students bring to standardized patient exams compared with actual patient exams, rather than from imperfect measurement techniques or imperfectly trained standardized patients. The tacit component of human knowledge explains these differences and demonstrates why passing the CSE does not necessarily guarantee minimal clinical competence in areas other than English proficiency. Similarly, competent examinees may fail the CSE if standardized patients erroneously identify an unusual approach as incorrect because standardized patients do not possess the medical knowledge (both tacit and explicit) available to experienced physicians. Unfortunately, because the CSE rewards standardized skills rather than actual clinical skills, it is likely to promote growth of standardized patient curricula at the expense of faculty observation and evaluation of students at the bedside.
Tremelimumab for patients with chemotherapy-resistant advanced malignant mesothelioma: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Luana Calabrò, Aldo Morra, Ester Fonsatti, Ornella Cutaia, Giovanni Amato, Diana Giannarelli, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Riccardo Danielli, Maresa Altomonte, Luciano Mutti, Michele Maio
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Virchow's Node (Troisier's Sign)
Authors: Keng Yin Loh, Abd Wahab Yushak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 56-year-old woman presented with jaundice and a painless mass in her left supraclavicular fossa that had become progressively enlarged during the preceding 8 weeks. Physical examination revealed a hard lymph node measuring 6 cm by 6 cm in the left supraclavicular fossa (Panel A) and hepatomegaly. Plain radiography of the chest showed multiple nodular opacities in both lungs (Panel B, arrows). Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple lesions in the liver (Panel C, arrows). Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed a fungating mass around the ampulla of Vater. Biopsy specimens from the mass and the supraclavicular lymph . . .
LEFT ATRIAL SIZE AND FUNCTION AS PREDICTOR FOR NEW-ONSET OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS. THE SIMVASTATIN IN AORTIC STENOSIS STUDY
Authors: Casper N. Bang, Morten Dalsgaard, Anders Greve, Lars Kober, Kenneth Egstrup, Christa Gohlke-Baerwolf, Simon Ray, Kristian Wachtell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Host Immune Defense Peptide LL-37 Activates Caspase-Independent Apoptosis and Suppresses Colon Cancer
Authors: Shun X. Ren, Alfred S.L. Cheng, Ka F. To, Joanna H.M. Tong, May S. Li, Jin Shen, Clover C.M. Wong, Lin Zhang, Ruby L.Y. Chan, Xiao J. Wang, Simon S.M. Ng, Lawrence C.M. Chiu, Victor E. Marquez, Richard L. Gallo, Francis K.L. Chan, Jun Yu, Joseph J.Y. Sung, William K.K. Wu, Chi H. Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cathelicidins are a family of bacteriocidal polypeptides secreted by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). LL-37, the only human cathelicidin, has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but there has been limited investigation of its expression and function in cancer. Here, we report that LL-37 activates a p53-mediated, caspase-independent apoptotic cascade that contributes to suppression of colon cancer. LL-37 was expressed strongly in normal colon mucosa but downregulated in colon cancer tissues, where in both settings its expression correlated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptotic cells. Exposure of colon cancer cells to LL-37 induced phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation in a manner independent of caspase activation. Apoptogenic function was mediated by nuclear translocation of the proapoptotic factors, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG), through p53-dependent upregulation of Bax and Bak and downregulation of Bcl-2 via a pertussis toxin–sensitive G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway. Correspondingly, colonic mucosa of cathelicidin-deficient mice exhibited reduced expression of p53, Bax, and Bak and increased expression of Bcl-2 together with a lower basal level of apoptosis. Cathelicidin-deficient mice exhibited an increased susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis, establishing pathophysiologic relevance in colon cancer. Collectively, our findings show that LL-37 activates a GPCR-p53-Bax/Bak/Bcl-2 signaling cascade that triggers AIF/EndoG–mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Cancer Res; 72(24); 6512–23. ©2012 AACR.
Book: Medicine and the Internet: The Essential Guide for Doctors
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Third edition Bruce C McKenzie Oxford University Press, £19.50, pp 320 Published on 21 March Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ISBN 0 19 851063 2 Whatever the quality of health information on the internet—and the problems associated with its evaluation are well reviewed—there is no doubt that the best resources for understanding the internet are on the internet itself. Doctors might be forgiven for not having indulged in the kind of playful use of the internet that eventually leads to expertise. However, it is questionable whether any book can shortcut this process. Paper still has its advantages, but it's at its … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Abbreviations Raise Their Pointy Heads Again: Familiarity Breeds Contretemps. Should We Bench Bench?-Reply
Authors: Cheryl Iverson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> — I agree with Dr Schweppe that abbreviations, intended to be time-saving, are often time-consuming—requiring the reader to page back to find the expansion of unfamiliar abbreviations. For this reason, in the newest (eighth) edition of the<i>AMA Manual of Style</i>, we advise copy editors to (1) introduce no new abbreviations into a manuscript, (2) avoid use of abbreviations in the abstract, and (3) allow use of abbreviations in the text only if the abbreviation appears at least five times. In addition, the abstract, text, and each figure and each table are treated as separate elements; hence, an abbreviation expanded in the text will also be expanded in each figure legend or table footnote if it appears in the figure or table. In some cases, it might be argued that the abbreviation is more well known than its expansion (AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] is a good example); in
Unexpected I-123 FP-CIT Uptake in a Brain Tumor
Authors: Maria Boronat-Ferrater, Carles Lorenzo-Bosquet, Adelaida León, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Susana Rossi-Seoane, Jorge Hernández-Vara, Jose Alvarez-Sabín, Alex Rovira, Joan Castell-Conesa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 78-year-old female patient with a 5-year history of bradykinesia and tremor at rest of both upper limbs was referred to our Nuclear Medicine Department because of a rapid functional decline over 3 months with cognitive impairment, generalized myoclonus, and dependence for most basic daily activities. Brain SPECT with 148MBq (4 mCi) of I-123 FP-CIT and 740MBq (20 mCi) of Tc-99m ethylcysteinate dimer (thereafter Tc-99m ECD) was performed.
Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Relation to the Expression of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase ( <i>HPGD</i> )
Authors: Stephen P. Fink, Mai Yamauchi, Reiko Nishihara, Seungyoun Jung, Aya Kuchiba, Kana Wu, Eunyoung Cho, Edward Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs, Shuji Ogino, Sanford D. Markowitz, Andrew T. Chan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Aspirin use reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia, at least in part, through inhibition of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase 2)-related pathways. Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (15-PGDH, HPGD) is down-regulated in colorectal cancers and functions as a metabolic antagonist of PTGS2. We hypothesized that the effect of aspirin may be antagonized by low 15-PGDH expression in the normal colon. In the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we collected data on aspirin use every 2 years and followed up participants for diagnoses of colorectal cancer. Duplication-method Cox proportional, multivariable-adjusted, cause-specific hazards regression for competing risks data was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for incident colorectal cancer according to 15-PGDH mRNA expression level measured in normal mucosa from colorectal cancer resections. Among 127,865 participants, we documented 270 colorectal cancer cases from which we could assess 15-PGDH expression. Compared with nonuse, regular aspirin use was associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer that developed within a background of colonic mucosa with high 15-PGDH expression [multivariable HR, 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.71], but not with low 15-PGDH expression (multivariable HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.27) (P for heterogeneity = 0.018). Regular aspirin use was associated with lower incidence of colorectal cancers arising in association with high 15-PGDH expression, but not with low 15-PGDH expression in normal colon mucosa. This suggests that 15-PGDH expression level in normal colon mucosa may serve as a biomarker that may predict stronger benefit from aspirin chemoprevention.
ARSENIC A REMEDY FOR CHOLERA
Authors: C. Black
Journal: BMJ (1854)

pr-oj Ae; but we fe td in affirming s angemeis insixtted could not have been moreXmplee, nor the mean employed better adapted to the ardnd.The two cs befoe deribd, occured before a cordon d be conveniently instituted.The natural conclusion prim4 fa.iededuc0ble perhaps is, that they occurred in caaequesne of the neglect of precautionary measures.But, fresa tha circumstances of the seizure, in both cases, I be- Bve" it probable they would equally have occurred, not- withstandinig the most rigorous exclusion of all coinmuni- cation from without.In the history of cholera in the English asylums, during 1848-9.*not a single patient is xeported to have been attacked through the medium of con- egion; the disease usually broke out simultaneously in various parts of the building and grounds, and frequently in the cleanest and best ventilated galleries, and among the most quiet, cleas, industrious, and respectable patients.In me eases, moreover, no cholera existed at the time in the neighbourhood.
Stimuli‐Responsive Materials: The Role of Electrostatics and Temperature on Morphological Transitions of Hydrogel Nanostructures Self‐Assembled by Peptide Amphiphiles Via Molecular Dynamics Simulations (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2013)
Authors: Iris W. Fu, Cade B. Markegard, Brian K. Chu, Hung D. Nguyen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Peptide amphiphiles self-assemble into nanostructures as either cylindrical nanofibers or spherical micelles in response to specific physiological stimuli. Such morphological transition is captured by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations in examining spontaneous selfassembly starting from random configurations. On page 1388, the simulation study by Hung D. Nguyen and co-workers can potentially aid the design and development of bio-inspired materials for drug delivery, diagnostic medicine, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Reply to K.-I. Fu et al.
Authors: S. Sonwalkar, O. Rotimi, B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We read with interest the reply by Fu at al. to our study. We would like to congratulate them on their excellent work. It is interesting that their results without magnification using conventional colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy are similar to our study and thus validate our results. They state in their letter that they achieved an accuracy of approximately 90 % using chromoendoscopy and conventional colonoscopy.
Modeling residue usage in aligned protein sequences via maximum likelihood
Authors: W. J. Bruno
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

A computational method is presented for characterizing residue usage, i.e., site-specific residue frequencies, in aligned protein sequences. The method obtains frequency estimates that maximize the likelihood of the sequences in a simple model for sequence evolution, given a tree or a set of candidate trees computed by other methods. These maximum-likelihood frequencies constitute a profile of the sequences, and thus the method offers a rigorous alternative to sequence weighting for constructing such a profile. The ability of this method to discard misleading phylogenetic effects allows the biochemical propensities of different positions in a sequence to be more clearly observed and interpreted.
Pancreaticobiliary obstruction following duodenal stent placement
Authors: S. Amateau, C. Wolfgang, M. Khashab
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 58-year-old woman underwent endoscopic management of malignant duodenal obstruction secondary to a pancreatic head mass. Baseline laboratory tests demonstrated mild transaminasemia without cholestasis. On endoscopy, a malignant stricture was seen at the distal end of the bulb, and fluoroscopic images verified involvement of the proximal 2 cm of the descending portion. A through-the-scope 22 × 60-mm duodenal self-expandable metal stent (SEMS; WallFlex, Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was deployed, with no immediate complications observed ([Fig. 1]).
Abstract 2239: The effect combining the KIT inhibitor Imatinib with the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 or the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 on the proliferation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell lines
Authors: Fang Li, Joseph Growney, Linda Battalagine, Shumei Qiu, Paul Manley, John Monahan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common type of sarcoma found in the gastrointestinal tract, with 5,000-6,000 cases per year diagnosed in the United States. Activating mutations in KIT, or occasionally in PDGFR are present in up to 90% of GISTs. The PI3K/AKT pathway has been demonstrated to be a crucial survival pathway in imatinib-resistant GISTs. In this study, we evaluated single agent activities of the KIT inhibitor imatinib, the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235, as well as the synergistic activity of the combination of imatinib with BKM120 and imatinib with BEZ235 in a panel of GIST cell lines. For example, when the antiproliferative effects of imatinib and BKM120 were evaluated in combination at concentrations from 0.37 µM to 3.3 µM, growth suppression was observed in excess of the percent inhibition achieved by imatinib or BKM120 single agent treatment in the GIST882 and GIST430 cell lines. Our results suggest that combining imatinib with BKM120 or BEZ235 may provide a therapeutic strategy for imatinib-resistant GISTs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2239. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2239
Local and systemic modulation of the PD-L1 pathway is a novel mechanism of Enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Jennifer Bishop, Alexander Sio, Arkhjamil Angeles, Morgan Roberts, Arun Azad, Kim Chi, Amina Zoubeidi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The treatment effects of the anti-androgen Enzalutamide (ENZ) in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are short lived. Immunotherapy may improve patient survival, however how efficacious these treatments are for CRPC, particularly those that inhibit T cell
TNF alpha polymorphisms, HFE gene mutations and acquired factors in Italian patients with porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Silvia Rossana Fargion, Paola Dongiovanni, Luca Valenti, AnnaLudovica Fracanzani, Maurizio Sampietro, MariaDomenica Cappellini, Gemino Fiorelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Trichomonas and oxytetracycline.
Authors: S Szanto
Journal: BMJ (1971)

uncomplicated viral hepatitis patients with a high E.S.R. are likely to be of the short incubation period type.Giles and her colleagues6 found that in about one-third of their patients the anti- gen could only be demonstrated during the incubation period, so that it is possible that patients with a low E.S.R. who are antigennegative by the double-diffusion test may be of the long incubation period type.Further investigation is necessary, using more sen- sitive tests, to show whether this is so.Krugman et al. found that the thymol tur- bidity test was usually normal in the long incubation period type and high in the short incubation period type.'These findings, and those of the E.S.R., could be explained by changes in the serum proteins.Most laboratories are unable to do the simple double-diffusion test because of the scarcity of the specific antibody.The E.S.R. can be done in all types of hospital and it is hoped that may prove an additional help in the differentiation of the two types of viral hepatitis.-Iam, etc.,
New remedy for traveler's diarrhea
Authors: May Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

More welcome news for those afflicted by traveler's diarrhea: Subsalicylate bismuth suspension, the primary active ingredient in commercial Pepto-Bismol, is apparently effective for prophylaxis of the disease in those who travel south of the border. Herbert L. DuPont, MD, professor and director of the Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and colleagues at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston reported the study at the recent meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in Atlanta. In the double-blind, randomized trial, 128 students from the United States slated to attend classes in Guadalajara, Mexico, began treatment as soon as they arrived in the city. Diarrhea developed in only 14 of 62 students receiving subsalicylate bismuth as opposed to 40 of 66 students receiving a placebo. (DuPont explained that the placebo looked and tasted like the commercial product except that its viscosity was a "shade less.") The dosage schedule was
What Price Cost Control?
Authors: Philip Caper, David Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

On October 1, 1982, Chapter 372 of the Massachusetts Legislative Acts of 1982, governing how each of the commonwealth's 121 hospitals is to be paid for the next six years, became effective. The new law is intended to improve the Massachusetts health-care system in two ways: by reversing the growth of overall hospital spending throughout the commonwealth, and by limiting perceived inequities in the allocation of hospital costs among private insurance companies, Blue Cross, the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and privately paying patients.Controlling Hospital CostsAs in other states, overall spending for hospitals in Massachusetts has been increasing at . . .