Diet and Cholesterol Reduction
Authors: David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Augustine Marchie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Editorials3 May 2005Diet and Cholesterol ReductionDavid J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DSc, Cyril W.C. Kendall, PhD, and Augustine Marchie, MScDavid J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DScFrom St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada, Cyril W.C. Kendall, PhDFrom St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada, and Augustine Marchie, MScFrom St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, CanadaAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail After a comprehensive assessment of recent clinical evidence, the most current National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines call for renewed emphasis on lowering levels of serum cholesterol (1). The ATP III update recommends that physicians set a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goal of less than 1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) for high-risk patients, based on studies such as the Heart Protection Study (2). Although the cut-points of 3.4 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) and 4.1 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) for LDL cholesterol in moderate- and low-risk individuals remain unaltered, it may not be long before they are also lowered.Statins ...References1. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227-39. [PMID: 15249516] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleigh P, Peto R. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:2005-16. [PMID: 12814710] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Larosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart JC, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;:. [PMID: 15755765] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Gardner CD, Coulston A, Chatterjee L, Rigby A, Spiller G, Farquhar JW. The effect of a plant-based diet on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:725-33. LinkGoogle Scholar5. Holme I. An analysis of randomized trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol reduction on total mortality and coronary heart disease incidence. Circulation. 1990;82:1916-24. [PMID: 2242517] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97. [PMID: 11368702] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Krauss RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, et al. AHA Dietary Guidelines: revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2000;102:2284-99. [PMID: 11056107] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Faulkner DA, Wong JM, de Souza R, et al. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein. JAMA. 2003;290:502-10. [PMID: 12876093] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. Denke MA. Reviewing your investment strategy: where does diet fit in your personal portfolio [Editorial]. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:339-40. [PMID: 15699219] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. Sacks FM, Donner A, Castelli WP, Gronemeyer J, Pletka P, Margolius HS, et al. Effect of ingestion of meat on plasma cholesterol of vegetarians. JAMA. 1981;246:640-4. [PMID: 7019459] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. Fraser GE. Diet, Life Expectancy, and Chronic Disease: Studies of Seventh-Day Adventists and Other Vegetarians. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2004:1-392. Google Scholar12. Key TJ, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC. Mortality in British vegetarians: review and preliminary results from EPIC-Oxford. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:533S-538S. [PMID: 12936946] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. Pereira MA, O'Reilly E, Augustsson K, Fraser GE, Goldbourt U, Heitmann BL, et al. Dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:370-6. [PMID: 14980987] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, et al. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 1998;317:1341-5. [PMID: 9812929] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Giovannucci E, Rimm E, Manson JE, et al. Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:412-9. [PMID: 10479204] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Brown SE, Gould KL, Merritt TA, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1998;280:2001-7. [PMID: 9863851] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. Ramsay LE, Yeo WW, Jackson PR. Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration: time to think again. BMJ. 1991;303:953-7. [PMID: 1954418] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. A dietary portfolio: maximal reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with diet. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2004;6:492-8. [PMID: 15485596] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Faulkner DA, Wong JM, de Souza R, et al. Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:380-7. [PMID: 15699225] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. Pasternak RC, Smith SC, Bairey-Merz CN, Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Lenfant C, et al. ACC/AHA/NHLBI Clinical Advisory on the Use and Safety of Statins. Stroke. 2002;33:2337-41. [PMID: 12215610] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DSc; Cyril W.C. Kendall, PhD; Augustine Marchie, MScAffiliations: From St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, CanadaDisclosures: Consultancies: D.J.A. Jenkins (Solae, Almond Board of California); Honoraria: D.J.A. Jenkins (Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust, Almond Board of California, Dried Plum Board of California), C.W.C. Kendall (Almond Board of California, Loblaw Brands Ltd., Unilever); Stock ownership or options (other than mutual funds): D.J.A. Jenkins (Pacific Health Laboratories, Inc.); Grants received: D.J.A. Jenkins and C.W.C. Kendall (Barilla, Solae, Unilever, Hain Celestial Group, Loblaw Brands Ltd., Sanitarium Co., Almond Board of California, International Tree Nut Council); Other: D.J.A. Jenkins (Loblaw Brands Ltd., Sanitarium Co., Herbalife International, Nutritional Fundamentals for Health, Pacific Health Laboratories, Inc., California Strawberry Commission, Metagenics).Corresponding Author: David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DSc, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada; e-mail, mailto:cyril.[email protected]ca.Current Author Addresses: Dr. Jenkins: Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada.Dr. Kendall and Mr. Marchie: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Effect of a Plant-Based Diet on Plasma Lipids in Hypercholesterolemic Adults Christopher D. Gardner , Ann Coulston , Lorraine Chatterjee , Alison Rigby , Gene Spiller , and John W. Farquhar Metrics Cited byClinical Evidence of Low-Carbohydrate Diets against Obesity and Diabetes MellitusSex Differences in Metabolic Morbidities: Influenced by Diet or Exercise Habits?Nutrition and Heart DiseaseLa adición de vegetales mejora la eficacia hipolipemiante de una dieta baja en grasa en los pacientes con hipercolesterolemia moderada 3 May 2005Volume 142, Issue 9Page: 793-795KeywordsCholesterolCongenital heart diseaseDietFatsFoodHypercholesterolemiaLow density lipoproteinNutritionStatinsSterols ePublished: 3 May 2005 Issue Published: 3 May 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...