tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Don't ignore a positive pregnancy test.
Authors: D. B. Smith, G. J. Rustin, K. D. Bagshawe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Case reports are presented on 2 patients to show the importance of following up apparently false positive results of pregnancy tests. In case 1, a 25-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with severe breathlessness in September 1987. After she had stopped using oral contraceptives (OCs) in 1985 her periods were irregular and on 4 occasions the results of pregnancy tests bought over the counter were positive. She was twice referred for ultrasound examinations, but the uterus was empty each time. In April 1987, dysfunctional uterine bleeding was diagnosed; she was treated with clomiphene. She then experienced intermittent pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness on exertion. In early September she was admitted with acute breathlessness and chest pain. A further pregnancy test was positive; results of laparoscopy of the pelvis were normal. A radioisotope ventilation-perfusion lung scan showed multiple filling defects in the left lung and no perfusion to the right. A presumptive diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was made with the syndrome of tumor growing in the pulmonary arteries. In case 2, a 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in March 1988 with acute lower abdominal pain. A pregnancy test was positive, and she underwent laparoscopy for suspected ectopic pregnancy. A macroscopic tumor was found on the surface of the right ovary and a right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. A subsequent histological examination showed choriocarcinoma. The 2 cases reported show the importance of seeking a definitive explanation for a false positive result of a pregnancy test. If the test has been performed correctly and proteinuria and drug interference, for instance, are ruled out, then a raised human chorionic gonadotropin concentration, particularly in young women, is virtually certain. In most cases this will be due to a pregnancy that ends in a 1st trimester abortion, but in a small minority it will be due to the hormone producing a tumor such as choriocarcinoma.
Deconstruction of the SS18-SSX Fusion Oncoprotein Complex: Insights into Disease Etiology and Therapeutics
Authors: Le Su, Arthur V. Sampaio, Kevin B. Jones, Marina Pacheco, Angela Goytain, Shujun Lin, Neal Poulin, Lin Yi, Fabio M. Rossi, Juergen Kast, Mario R. Capecchi, T. Michael Underhill, Torsten O. Nielsen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: R. Thomas Holzbach
Journal: JAMA (1965)

RECURRENT idiopathic jaundice is an unusual but benign complication of pregnancy. It is characterized by intense, generalized pruritus, often associated with an obstructive form of icterus, occurring without known cause in the latter half of gestation. Recovery occurs rapidly after delivery. The condition formerly known as pruritus gravidarum with subclinical elevations of levels of both serum bilirubin1and alkaline phosphatase2,3and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention4is considered to be a part of the same syndrome. Recurrence of either form of the syndrome can be expected in at least 50 %2,5of cases. Although there is a tendency to premature labor,2neither mother nor child is exposed to special risks. The condition often goes undiagnosed because the icteric state is usually mild and is often late in onset or detection. Liver biopsy obtained in the presence of this complication has consistently revealed only a transient intrahepatic cholestasis.6
Effects of Erythromycin on the Rabbit Pleura: Its Potential Role as a Pleural Sclerosant
Authors: Paula Carvalho, Lawrence L. Knight, Richard D. Olson, Joseph J. Crowley, Patricia A. Hawk, Nirmal B. Charan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Tetracycline (TCN) has been considered the agent of choice for pleurodesis in patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusions and recurrent pneumothoraces. However, the intravenous form of TCN used for pleurodesis is no longer available. Erythromycin, like TCN, often produces irritation when administered intravenously. In view of these irritant properties, we tested the effect of erythromycin as a pleural sclerosant in rabbits as compared with TCN. Normal saline was used as a control. Adult rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg underwent sterile placement of a silastic pleural tube in the right pleural space. Erythromycin (n = 17) or TCN (n = 6), each in doses of 35 mg/kg in 2 ml saline, was administered via the tube. Control animals (n = 6) received 2 ml saline. The chest tubes were left in place for removal of pleural fluid and to maintain lung expansion. Animals were killed 8 d after receiving the various treatments, and their pleural surfaces were examined grossly and histologically. Numerous adhesions were present between the visceral and parietal pleurae in all animals receiving erythromycin and TCN, but not in those receiving saline. On light microscopy, pleurae treated with erythromycin or TCN were histologically identical, showing inflammation, edema, and fibroblast proliferation in the submesothelial tissues. The saline-treated animals had a normal pleura. Because erythromycin produced pleural inflammation and adhesions within 8 d of treatment, we propose that it may have a potential role as a pleural sclerosant.
Graphic Warnings for Cigarette Labels
Authors: Howard K. Koh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Beginning in September 2012, the Food and Drug Administration will require larger, more prominent health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States. These new labels mark the first change in cigarette warnings in more than 25 years and represent an important advance in communicating the dangers of smoking. The nine different text warnings and accompanying graphic images are designed to increase awareness of the specific health risks associated with smoking, such as addiction, lung disease, cancer, stroke, heart disease, and death . . .
Abstract 4905: Quantitative high resolution detection of O6-MGMT methylation in routinely processed human glioblastoma specimens
Authors: Ulrich Lehmann, Jenny Weidner, David Albrecht, Elisa Schipper, Almuth Brandis, Hans H. Kreipe
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hypermethylation of the DNA repair gene 06-Methylguanosinemethyltransferase (06-MGMT) is an important prognostic and predictive marker for the management of glioblastoma patients. However, assessment of O6-MGMT gene methylation is not yet standardized and a comprehensive comparison of different methods described in the literature is missing. Therefore, the methylation status of the MGMT gene was analyzed in a large series of glioblastoma specimens, WHO grade IV (n = 92) using nested conventional methylation-specific PCR (MSP), real-time PCR using either SybrGreen or a sequence specific probe for detection and pyrosequencing. All specimens were routinely processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. For a subset of samples (n = 30) three different protocols for the treatment of genomic DNA with bisulfite were compared. As a control, 20 brain biopsies from 10 patients without glioblastoma were analyzed. MGMT mRNA level was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR in n = 39 samples and the mRNA expression levels were correlated to the methylation status of these samples. The three different bisulfite protocols did not show statistically significant differences concerning quality and yield of recovered DNA. A region in the MGMT promoter in which many published primers bind, displayed constitutively elevated methylation levels also in healthy brain tissue samples, thereby leading to false-positivity under many circumstances. Nested MSP and pyrosequencing correlate fairly well in scoring samples as “methylated” versus “unmethylated”, but a considerable number of samples scored “methylated” by nested MSP (n = 7) displayed only background methylation when analyzed by pyrosequencing. Only methylation levels measured by pyrosequencing correlated with mRNA expression levels (r2 = 0.32, p = 0.0002). Also, threshold definition was much more straightforward and easier to standardize using pyrosequencing. Real-time PCR based methods did not correlate very well with nested PCR or pyrosequencing. In conclusion, pyrosequencing is the most reliable methodology for methylation analysis of O6-MGMT gene methylation analysis in routinely processed glioblastoma specimens. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4905.
Better Baby Burping
Authors: Lucas W. Empey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Your editorial Toward Better Baby Burping ( JAMA  190 :540 [Nov 9] 1964), is more remarkable for that which it omits than for that which it includes. With x-ray films it is easy to demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract of almost any 2-month-old infant can be made to fill rapidly with gas by the simple expedient of causing the baby to cry vigorously for a few minutes. For centuries parents have believed that babies cry  because they have gas. It's about time someone pointed out that the cause-and-effect relationships have been traditionally reversed in the minds of most adults, including learned doctors.
Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in the elderly.
Authors: D Liao, J Creason, C Shy, R Williams, R Watts, R Zweidinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

examined the cardiac autonomic response to daily variations in PM in 26 elderly (mean age 81) individuals for 3 consecutive weeks. Several standardized methods were used to measure 24-hr average PM concentrations prior to the clinical test inside (indoor PM2.5) and immediately outside (outdoor PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) of participants' residences. Resting, supine, 6-min R wave to R wave (R-R) interval data were collected to estimate high frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) and low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) powers and standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) as cardiac autonomic control indices. Participant-specific lower heart rate variability days were defined as days for which the high-frequency indices fell below the first tertile of the individual's high-frequency distribution over the study period. Indoor PM2.5 > 15 microg/m3 was used to define high pollution days. Results show that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of low heart rate variability high frequency for high (vs. not high) pollution days was 3.08 (1.43, 6.59). The ss-coefficients (standard error) from mixed models to assess the quantitative relationship between variations in indoor PM2.5 and the log-transformed high frequency, low frequency, and SDNN were: -0.029 (0.010), -0.027 (0.009), and -0.004 (0.003), respectively. This first study of cardiac autonomic control response to daily variations of PM2.5 indicates that increased levels of PM2.5 are associated with lower cardiac autonomic control, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between PM and cardiovascular disease mortality.
701 INAPPROPRIATE STORE-OPERATED CYCLIC-AMP PRODUCTION LINKS ALTERED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) CA2+ HOMEOSTASIS TO ERK/VEGF SIGNALING IN TRPP2-DEFECTIVE CHOLANGIOCYTES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: C. Spirli, L. Locatelli, R. Fiorotto, L. Fabris, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Coronary Inflow and Outflow Responses to Coronary Artery Occlusion
Authors: THOMAS E. DRISCOL, RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Sudden complete occlusion of a major coronary artery (left circumflex or right coronary artery) was produced in anesthetized dogs. The effect on arterial inflow, venous outflow and O 2 saturation of coronary venous blood from the nonischemic left ventricle was studied. The usual response to occlusion of the left circumflex artery was an increase in flow in the left anterior descending artery and in outflow from the great cardiac vein. The O 2 saturation of venous blood from the nonischemic muscle decreased. These changes did not occur following occlusion of the right coronary artery. It was not possible to measure tissue pressure accurately to relate this measurement to flow changes. Observations on coronary sinus flow and O 2 saturation were also made following occlusion of the left circumflex artery and retrograde flow collection from it. These observations plus the changes in anterior descending inflow and great cardiac vein outflow with coronary occlusion suggest that these changes are more likely due to alterations in O 2 consumption of the nonischemic muscle rather than to changes in flow through interarterial or non-interarterial collateral vessels.
The Diet Delusion
Authors: D. Colquhoun
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Few topics are more widely discussed than what we should eat to stay healthy. And there are few topics where the evidence is so lacking in quality. It is also a topic that is besieged by gurus, cranks, and supplement hucksters. Gary Taubes is a journalist—but he is quite an exceptional journalist. His book The Diet Delusion is more complete and more scholarly than most professional scientists could manage.

Obesity sounds simple. If you are fat it is because you eat too much or exercise too little, right? Well, no, it’s not as simple as that. For a start, it has been shown time and time again that low fat …
Response to Letter by Zaugg et al: STAT5 Activation and Cardioprotection By Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients Undergoing Coronary Revascularization During Isoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Gerd Heusch, Judith Musiolik, Eva Kottenberg, Jürgen Peters, Heinz Jakob, Matthias Thielmann
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)
Relation of 24-Hour Urinary Aldosterone Levels with Nondipper Blood Pressure Pattern in Normotensive Individuals
Authors: Ahmet Soylu, Hayrudin Alibaşiç, Elif Yıldırım, Aysun Toker, Halil İbrahim Erdoğan, Mehmet Akif Düzenli, Mehmet Tokaç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Richard MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Ms Alpers and Dr Lo<sup>1</sup>discussed the parameters of Oregon's Death With Dignity Act, which was passed by voters in November 1994. The communication thoughtfully presented the arguments about physician-assisted suicide, but was submitted prior to the decision by Judge Michael Hogan,<sup>2</sup>which found the act unconstitutional, a finding greeted with derision by legal scholars who found Hogan's reasoning faulty. Alpers and Lo deserve much credit for avoiding much of the emotionalism that has surfaced in discussions of the Oregon Act. Judge Hogan apparently does not believe that legal advance directives, giving the patient control over treatment decisions when death is near, could effectively answer the concerns of the right-to-life group that chose his court as one sympathetic to their cause. The need for action to educate physicians about advance directives<sup>3</sup>and information about the inaccessibility of such documents<sup>4</sup>should serve
Cytochromes P450 and species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and activation of carcinogen.
Authors: D F Lewis, C Ioannides, D V Parke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The importance of cytochrome P450 isoforms to species differences in the metabolism of foreign compounds and activation of procarcinogens has been identified. The possible range of P450 isozymes in significant variations in toxicity exhibited by experimental rodent species may have a relevance to chemical risk assessment, especially as human P450s are likely to show changes in the way they metabolize xenobiotics. Consequently, in the safety evaluation of chemicals, we should be cautious in extrapolating results from experimental animal models to humans. This paper focuses on examples in which species differences in P450s lead to significant alterations in carcinogenic response, and includes a discussion of the current procedures for toxicity screening, with an emphasis on short-term tests.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases
Authors: Joshua Fierer, Donald Guiney
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Tc-99m Hexamethylpropylene-amine Oxine (HM-PAO) Uptake in a Bone Metastasis
Authors: HIROAKI HOSHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, MASAHIKO SAMESHIMA, OSAMU UWADA, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Uptake of Tc-99m Hexamethylpropylene-amine Oxine (HM-PAO) was seen in bone metastases from carcinoma of the lung. The uptake was prominent when compared to Tc-99m MDP, 1-123 IMP, and Ga-67citrate. Brain imaging with Tc-99m HM-PAO and N-isopropyl-p-[l-123] iodoamphetamine (IMP) is now frequently performed. Uptake of these agents has been reported in brain tumors and melanomas. In this report, uptake of Tc-99m HM-PAO in a metastatic lesion in bone is discussed.
Résultats d'une étude multicentrique ouverte du traitement par Thérapie Photodynamique (Photofrin) de 49 malades avec un cholangiocarcinome
Authors: J Boyer, V Maunoury, V Quentin, M Barthet, R Laugier, F Prat, J Fritsch, D Karsenti, R Delcenserie, JP Vinel, C Raffanel, P Bauret, P Bulois, C Subtil, A Laquière, I Boytchev, D Cochelard
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La Thérapie PhotoDynamique (PDT) consiste à exciter par une lumière monochromatique spécifique, dénuée d'effet thermique, un photosensibilisant retenu électivement par les cellules tumorales afin de déclencher une cascade de réactions cytotoxiques. Récemment, plusieurs études prospectives et randomisées, mais monocentriques, ont montré un allongement significatif de la survie des patients avec un cholangiocarcinome traités par PDT et drainage biliaire prothétique versus drainage biliaire seul. Le but de cette étude multicentrique était de recenser, sous l'égide du Club Francophone de Thérapie Photodynamique, de manière prospective depuis septembre 2004, les cas traités par PDT dans notre pays.
WHICH TYPE OF STATINS, HYDROPHILIC STATINS OR LIPOPHILIC STATINS, IS BETTER FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Authors: Ryu Shutta, Masami Nishino, Ayano Ishiyama, Naotaka Okamoto, Akihiro Tanaka, Takeshi Masaki, Naoki Mori, Atsushi Kikuchi, Daisuke Nakamura, Takahiro Yoshimura, Yasuharu Lee, Masayuki Taniike, Nobuhiko Makino, Hiroyasu Kato, Yasuyuki Egami, Jun Tanouchi, Yoshio Yamada, Hisaki Morita, Yasuhiko Sakata, Issei Komuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Origin of acetyl strophanthidin-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: P O Ettinger, J Calabro, T J Regan, H A Oldewurtel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

To examine the origin of digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT), acetyl strophanthidin (AS) (25 mug/min) was perfused into a limited zone of myocardium in intact anesthetized dogs through a catheter placed fluoroscopically in the left anterior descending artery without ischemia. A second catheter in the great cardiac vein sampled venous effluent from this region. His and left bundle branch depolarizations were recorded and bipolar intramural electrograms from endocardial and epicardial sites within the anterior descending region were obtained. No conduction alterations preceded arrhythmia. Cardiac venous K+ rose from 3.3 +/- to 4.4 +/- 0.2 meq/liter (P less than 0.001), indicating egress from the perfused zone. 10 animals (Group 1) were sacrificed 2 min after onset of VT while 11 (Group 2) continued until fibrillation (4-14 min). All showed normal (endocardial leads to epicardial) transmural depolarization during sinus rhythm, but 10/21 demonstrated reversal, usually late during VT, including 8/11 in Group 2. Epicardial activation preceded fascicular activation and QRS. Recordings from the border and circumflex regions in 10 additional dogs (Group 3) demonstrated activation reversal only in the border zone. Myocardial K+ was reduced (mean 63 +/- 1 mueq/g) and Na+ increased (mean 41 +/- 2 mueq/g) in the perfused zone (nonperfused circumflex area K+ 72 +/- 1, Na+ 33 +/- 1 mueq/g, P less than 0.001 for both); changes were similar in inner and outer ventricular wall. In related experiments, subepicardial injections of AS induced activation reversal within the immediate area, similar to recordings during coronary infusion. Reversed transmural activation with early epicardial depolarization suggest VT arises within myocardium; electrolyte gradients between adjacent regions may be causative.
EXAMINATION OF THE COMPLAINING WITNESS IN A CRIMINAL COURT
Authors: LEO L. ORENSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The psychiatrist in his approach to the problem of crime finds ample opportunity to examine and evaluate offenders. The possibility of obtaining first hand information from and pertinent to the plaintiff is circumscribed by the "rules." A witness is required to appear in court and testify under oath but we cannot demand of him that he appear for psychiatric examination. This is only one of the many advantages the accuser enjoys over the accused. Substantive and procedural regulations governing the administration of justice place all emphasis on "facts." What is "fact" is left to the judge and jury to decide. The assumption is that fact is a phenomenon in reality. Our experience places us in the group of those who substantially contend that "facts" establishing the guilt of an accused person are not always realistic in nature. This is particularly so in instances where crime has been committed against an individual. The acting out of unconscious drives leads not only to acts of aggression called crime but also to false accusations resulting at times in erroneous convictions of the innocent.
Survival of patients with clinically identified monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) relative to the age- and sex-matched general population
Authors: T D Shanafelt, N E Kay, K G Rabe, T G Call, C S Zent, S M Schwager, J F Leis, D F Jelinek, S L Slager, C A Hanson
Journal: Leukemia (2011)