tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4708: Hes6 as a glioma biomarker with functional significance for cancer growth
Authors: Saija M. Haapa-Paananen, Marika Waltari, Marjut Puputti, Santeri Kiviluoto, John-Patrick Mpindi, Pekka Kohonen, Olli Tynninen, Hannu Haapasalo, Heikki Joensuu, Merja Perälä, Olli Kallioniemi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors affecting 16,000 new patients every year in the United States. In this study, we undertook a large-scale transcriptomics mining study of Affymetrix data from 9,783 samples from the genesapiens database (www.genesapiens.org) focusing on glioma biomarkers. We searched for genes that were specifically expressed in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma using gene expression data from 475 different types of glioma samples (including 322 GBM, 66 anaplastic astrocytomas) and 425 samples from different normal anatomical locations of central nervous system. One of the prominent biomarkers arising from this bioinformatic search was the transcription cofactor HES6 (Hairy and enhancer of split 6), which was highly expressed in gliomas compared to normal brain. Since the role of HES6 in glioma pathogenesis is poorly understood, we chose to validate its expression by immunostaining and functional role by siRNA knockdown studies in glioma cell lines. HES6 protein levels were studied in a glioma tissue microarray material that consisted of 414 samples as well as in normal brain tissue controls. Positive HES6 immunoreactivity was present in 99 % of available gliomas. Recurrent tumors of grade 2 astrocytomas and grade 2-3 oligodenrogliomas showed higher levels of HES6 immunoreactivity than the primary tumors of these classes. Endothelial cells that aligned the blood vessels within the tumors were also stained in 75 % of gliomas. HES6 immunoreactivity was also present in glial and endothelial cell nuclei in non-neoplastic cerebral white matter and cortex. Cell viability was reduced by 60 % after HES6 silencing in A172 and LN405 cells and by ∼20-25 % in the U87MG and SVG p12 cell lines. HES6 silencing also increased apoptosis 2-3 fold in two cell lines as measured by Apo-ONE Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay. We then studied the biological consequences of HES6 silencing by genome-wide gene expression studies. Gene ontology analysis implicated genes involved in cellular movement, development and RNA post-transcriptional modification. Also, aberrant expression around key regulator genes, such as p53, c-myc and SP1 was seen. In conclusion, these results suggest that HES6 is a possible glioma marker that also has critical functional role in glioma growth. This work was supported by funding under the 6th FP of the European Union, Project RIGHT (LSHB-CT-2004-005276), and the Academy of Finland. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4708.
SYMPTOMATIC CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN SEROPOSITIVE KIDNEY RECIPIENTS: REINFECTION WITH DONOR VIRUS RATHER THAN REACTIVATION OF RECIPIENT VIRUS
Authors: JaneE. Grundy, M. Super, P. Sweny, J. Moorhead, S.F. Lui, N.J. Berry, O.N. Fernando, P.D. Griffiths
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Looking at the Seemingly Contradictory Role of Vinblastine in Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma From a Metronomic Perspective
Authors: Nicolas André, Eddy Pasquier, Jean Claude Gentet, Barton A. Kamen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The recent publication by Le Deley et al 1 regarding the use of vinblastine as a maintenance therapy for children with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) reported in the August issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology is rather intriguing and raises several issues that we would like to discuss here.On the one hand, this study showed that adding vinblastine (6 mg/m 2 ) during induction chemotherapy and as maintenance therapy for a total duration of 1 year significantly delayed the occurrence of relapses, but it did not significantly reduce the risks of treatment failure in the long term. 1 On the other hand, Brugie `res et al 2 previously reported that single-agent vinblastine was an efficient treatment for patients with recurrent ALCL.They achieved long-lasting remission in 8 of 13 patients treated for a first, second, third, or fifth relapse with weekly vinblastine at the same dose of 6 mg/m 2 for 6 to 18 months.Moreover, these findings were confirmed last year in a report of 36 patients treated with vinblastine (6 mg/m 2 /wk) for resistant primary or relapsing ALCL. 3 Indeed, in this study, 30 patients, of whom 25 received vinblastine alone, achieved complete remission (median duration, 14 months).Furthermore, 9 of the 25 patients treated with vinblastine alone remain in complete remission after a median follow-up of 7 years.With a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 15 patients were still alive after treatment with single-agent vinblastine for the management of the last relapse.From these reports it could be concluded that vinblastine is effective as induction therapy in children with relapsing ALCL, 2,3 but not effective in increasing EFS and OS when used as maintenance therapy in children in complete remission after maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy induction. 1It could also be concluded that vinblastine is surprisingly effective as a maintenance therapy in children in complete remission from relapsed ALCL after weekly single-drug vinblastine induction. 2,3hat lessons can be learned from these seemingly contradictory findings?Weekly treatment with vinblastine at the dosage of 6 mg/m 2 can be regarded as a metronomic treatment. 4As such, several mechanisms of action can be considered to provide putative explanations for the differences observed with vinblastine as treatment for relapsing ALCL or as a maintenance therapy after MTD chemotherapy: antiangiogenic effect, common to most antimicrotubule drugs 5 ; restoration of anticancer immune response (as mentioned by Le Deley et al 1 in their discussion); and additional putative mechanisms such as restoration of tumor dormancy. 4he efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy has been largely attributed to its antiangiogenic properties. 4,6In this regard, vincristine and vinblastine are among the most potent antiendothelial chemotherapeutic agents. 7Vinblastine effects on tumor vasculature may be
Normal absorption in Thai subjects with non-specific jejunal abnormalities.
Authors: F J Troncale, G T Keusch, L H Miller, R A Olsson, R D Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

There is a growing belief that subclinical tropical sprue is wide spread in tropical countries (Klipstein, 1967). This opinion is based on studies of asymptomatic adults in India (Baker et al., 1962), Pakistan (Russell et al., 1966 ; Lindenbaum et al., 1966b), and Thailand (Sprinz et al., 1962), in whom jejunal histological abnormalities and impaired xylose absorption were frequently found. Recent studies in Haiti by Klipstein et al. (1966) show that this condition is very common in individuals complaining of one or more symptoms of the disease. The ease with which the same histological and biochemical abnormalities could be demonstrated in asymptomatic subjects led these workers to speculate that tropical sprue is a disease with a wide range of expression and that the overt cases represent only a fraction of the total number affected. Because a jejunal lesion has been found commonly in asymptomatic subjects in Thailand (Sprinz et al., 1962), we undertook to study its functional expression with a wider variety of tests than previously employed in order to assess the lesion as a possible precursor of tropical sprue.
Osteoporosis: cause and management.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1987)

30% of those with European names-despite their health and academic suitability -being the same.What was rated as different was their "non-academic suitability"-whatever that is.The case is not proved to the hilt that those selecting students and doctors for jobs discriminate on racial grounds, but the new report shows that 40% of white doctors and 52% of ethnic minority doctors believed that there was discrimi- nation in their region.'There is enough evidence to act, and the report makes 12 recommendations on what might be done.Foremost among them is the recommendation that the Department of Health and Social Security should collect statistics on the ethnic origin of doctors and use them to evaluate progress towards abolition of racial discrimination.In addition, health authorities should implement the race relations code of practice (few have so far done so, although it is two years old), and medical schools should adopt an equal opportunity policy.
False-positive Aspergillus galactomannan and its kinetics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shun-ichi Kimura, Yu Akahoshi, Hirofumi Nakano, Naonori Harada, Kazuaki Kameda, Tomotaka Ugai, Hidenori Wada, Ryoko Yamasaki, Yuko Ishihara, Koji Kawamura, Kana Sakamoto, Masahiro Ashizawa, Miki Sato, Kiriko Terasako-Saito, Hideki Nakasone, Misato Kikuchi, Rie Yamazaki, Junya Kanda, Shinichi Kako, Aki Tanihara, Junji Nishida, Yoshinobu Kanda
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Hyperventilation of pregnancy.
Authors: J E Utting, E T Fadl
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society and oxygen transfer factor may limit exercise capacity in disease.This relationship has been explored in 11 normal subjects, 18 patients with sarcoidosis, and eight patients with interstitial lung disease by varying the inspired 02 concentration at standard work loads and following the arterial 02 saturation by means of an ear oximeter.In normal subjects the relationship between inspired P02 or alveolar Po2 and arterial saturation is a curve of increasing steepness at lower 02 pressures.In all but one of the patients with sarcoidosis a curve indistinguishable from normal was found.The radiographic appearances in these patients ranged from hilar gland enlargement to diffuse changes in the lungs.In all the patients with interstitial disease, the curve was displaced to the right, and it was possible in six patients to determine the increase in inspired Po2 necessary to maintain the resting 02 saturation unchanged.This procedure may provide the basis for a simple bloodless test for the detection of the onset of impairment of oxygen transfer in disease.HYPERVENTILATION OF PREGNANCY J. E. UTTING and E. T. FADL In pregnancy, and more
FRACTURES OF THE BONES OF THE FOOT OTHER THAN THE OS CALCIS
Authors: W. L. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

According to Bacon, 1 in the total expense for loss of time, fractures of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges of both extremities exceed those of all other fractures combined, excluding awards for permanent total disability.  While this undoubtedly is true and while fractures of the bones of the feet are most frequent of all, they are most often undiagnosed. We think that this may be partially due to the fact that we have always been taught that fractures of the bones of the feet were easily diagnosed. Proceeding on that theory, we have allowed at least a third of them to pass for from two to four weeks; if by that time the patient had not recovered, we have had roentgenograms made. By then, however, the harm had been done and the diagnosis, except as to its effect on the prognosis, was of but little value.  ETIOLOGY  The next most
DOCTOR, MEET THE PRESS!
Authors: John L. Bach
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Times have changed in the field of medical science reporting since Osler uttered this caution: "Believe nothing that you see in the newspapers—they have done more to create dissatisfaction than all other agencies. If you see anything in them that you know is true, begin to doubt it at once." The medical profession's attitude toward newspaper reporters has changed from definite coolness to warm and friendly cooperation, especially since World War I. More doctors are meeting more reporters today than ever before with the result that there is more and more news about medicine and health in newspapers and magazines and on the radio. This reflects a strong desire by the public for knowledge of the progress of medical science. Independent newspaper and press association surveys have shown that there is more reader interest in medical news than in any other branch of science. Therefore, the average doctor, whether general
Effect of Chronic Bronchitis on Changes in Pulmonary Function Caused by Irradiation of the Lungs
Authors: B. I. Hoffbrand, P. M. S. Gillam, P. J. D. Heaf
Journal: Thorax (1965)

In a previous paper (Gillam, Heaf, Hoffbrand, and Hilton, 1964) it was shown that, contrary to wide- spread opinion, the presence of co-existing chronic bronchitis does not interfere with the treatment of bronchial carcinoma by radiotherapy.Patients with severe chronic bronchitis can be given the same dose of irradiation as those with mild bronchitis or with previously normal lungs.Survival after radiotherapy for bronchial carci- noma is not shortened by co-existing chronic bronchitis.The incidence of exacerbations of bronchitis both during and after radiotherapy is no more than might be expected in such a group of patients without irradiated lungs.Chronic bronchitis has also been suggested as an aetiological factor in the development of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis (Warren, 1942; Widmann, 1942; Rubin, Andrews, Paton, and Flick, 1958).The clinical study described in our other paper suggests that this is not the case.Serial pulmonary function tests have been used to investigate these problems further and the results are reported here. SELECTION OF PATIENTSPatients with bronchial carcinoma, treated by irradiation in the department of radiotherapy of University College Hospital, were classified on their past history, before lung function tests were done, into three main groups:Group 1: No history of chronic chest symptoms.We have called these patients the non- bronchitic group.Group 2: A history of chronic cough with mucoid sputum, often called by the patient a morning cough or smoker's cough, but without attacks of purulent bronchitis and without breathlessness.We have referred to these patients as the mild bronchitic group.
The Association between Lower Incisal Inclination and Morphology of the Supporting Alveolar Bone — A Cone‐Beam CT Study
Authors: Quan Yu, Xiao‐gang Pan, Guo‐ping Ji, Gang Shen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

To investigate the relationship between the positioning of the lower central incisor and physical morphology of the surrounding alveolar bone.Thirty-eight patients (18 males, 20 females), with mean age of 13.4 years, were included in this study. As part of orthodontic treatment planning the patients were required to take dental Cone-beam CT (CBCT) covering the region of lower incisors, the surrounding alveolar bone and the mandibular symphysis. The cephalometric parameters were designed and measured to indicate the inclination of lower central incisor and physical morphology of the adjacent alveolar bone. Computer-aided descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software package for Windows. A correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis between the incisor inclination and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Significant positive correlations were found between the lower central incisor inclination and the morphological contour of the alveolar bone (P < 0.05). The lower central incisor root apex was closer to the lingual alveolar crest when it was buccally inclined.The morphology of the alveolar bone may be affected by incisal inclination.
Scottish data on intrapartum related deaths are in same direction as Welsh data
Authors: J. W T Chalmers, E. Shanks, S. Paterson, K. McInneny, D. Baird, G. Penney
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Stewart et al studied deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia in Wales and found that mortality was higher in babies born at night; during the holiday months of July and August; during February and August, when junior staff rotate to new posts; and towards the end of the week (although the latter two measures were not significant).1 We have attempted to replicate their study, using records relating to births in Scotland during the same period (1993-5). Because of differences between Scottish and Welsh schools' academic terms, …
Has humanity disappeared from the NHS?
Authors: A. Toft
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It was Monday 27 December 1999, when I was the first on-call physician for the acute medical admissions unit at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; it was to be the busiest day of the year.

There were heroic efforts from many staff in containing what seemed to be a tidal wave of patients—most of whom were seriously ill. Paradoxically, I enjoyed the 24 hour period, unencumbered by the usual other clinical commitments. It was like the “good old days” when doctors and nurses worked together rather than in parallel.

> I sense a climate of fear in the NHS, preventing the admission of inadequacies in the service 

The next day there was a sense of elation: every patient was in a bed. But as I visited the new patients scattered throughout the hospital it became clear that many had not been clerked, many were not in appropriate beds, many had been moved on more than one occasion, and some of that boarding had been instigated by bed managers against medical advice.

My experience was not …
PROSTATECTOMY IN A CASE OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: J. F. Alexander, F. S. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THEDI A JORIT Ar 4. Cuttinig off the Gastro-euiterostoiy, a1ld Restorationt of the Natural Chavuel.-Wherethere is no pyloric stenosis, as in Case 2, this is the most satisfactorv operation of all.Even where a plastic operation is necessary the ultimate outlook is fairly good.It is essential tl,at the original ulcer, if still present, sbould be excised, anid if this had been done in Case 3 I think that we should have avoided the stenosis which has gradually come on.The reasoii I (lid not do this was that the original ulcer was a perforating onie, and the adhesions rounld tlle pylorus and duodenum were very denise.Coclusics.
Cardiac Compression by a Ruptured Aneurysm of the Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Jurg Schmidli, Thierry Carrel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 68-year-old man presented with acute thoracic, abdominal, and back pain and progressive shock. In the past, he had undergone repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, bilobar wedge resection, and chest-wall resection because of a left-sided Pancoast's tumor. At that time, the thoracic aorta measured 5.6 cm in diameter just above the diaphragm, but there was kinking in the lower third of the descending aorta with a large mural thrombus (Panel A). On admission, physical examination revealed a cyanotic face and neck with distended neck veins. The blood pressure was 88/47 mm Hg. Computed tomographic scanning revealed a ruptured aneurysm . . .
Recurrence and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Tomonori Aoki, Naoyoshi Nagata, Ryota Niikura, Takuro Shimbo, Shohei Tanaka, Katsunori Sekine, Yoshihiro Kishida, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Toshiyuki Sakurai, Chizu Yokoi, Junichi Akiyama, Mikio Yanase, Masashi Mizokami, Naomi Uemura
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
SECONDARY OS CALCIS
Authors: ARTHUR KRIDA
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This case is reported because it appears to be the first case in the literature in which this accessory bone was implicated in a traumatism of the foot. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> J. J. Mc., aged 30, an electrician, sprained his right ankle in April, 1921. I saw him three months later, at which time he was still complaining of pain and disability in the right foot. He localized the pain on the dorsum, in front of the external malleolus. He stated that occasionally a swelling appeared in this situation after use. He walked with a slight limp. There was considerable tenderness on the dorsum in front of the external malleolus. Occasionally a crepitus could be elicited in the anterior subastragaloid region. The mobility of the subastragaloid region was moderately restricted. A roentgenogram in the lateral view showed what at this time was interpreted as being a fracture through the processus
Electron-beam tomography for the detection of left atrial thrombi in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Stephan Achenbach, Theresa Menendez, Karsten Pohle, Dieter Ropers, Dagmar Sacher, Christian Schlundt, Frank A. Flachskampf, Uwe Nixdorff, Werner G. Daniel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
μ‐heavy chain disease: Presentation as a benign monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Dietlind L. Wahner‐Roedler, Robert A. Kyle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract μ‐Heavy chain disease (HCD) is a rare monoclonal lymphoid disorder characterized by the failure to assemble a complete IgM immunoglobulin. The μ‐heavy chains analyzed to date revealed absence of the variable region and a shortened constant domain. We report the first case of μ‐HCD presenting as a benign monoclonal gammopathy. The literature on the 27 reported μ‐HCD cases is reviewed, and important clinical and laboratory findings are discussed. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 80 years (median, 57.5 years). Twenty‐two of 27 patients had an associated lymphoplasma cell proliferative disorder. A monoclonal spike on routine serum protein electrophoresis was found in only 8 of 19 patients. Fourteen of 22 patients had Bence Jones proteinuria, but μ‐HCD protein was reported in the urine of only two patients. The survival ranged from &lt;1 month to 11 years (median, 24 months). © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How do bisphosphonates prevent fractures?
Authors: J. H TOBIAS
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

How do bisphosphonates prevent fractures? Why do fractures occur in osteoporosis?In osteoporosis, changed bone remodelling causes loss of bone tissue and a deterioration in skeletal microstructure, which leads to an increase in skeletal fragility and risk of fracture. 1These microstructural changes largely consist of a deterioration in skeletal microarchitecture, which aVects both trabecular and cortical bone. 2 3 In particular, the high bone turnover frequently seen in osteoporosis can produce the following changes: thinning, perforation, and complete removal of trabeculae; expansion of the medullary cavity, thereby reducing cortical thickness; an excess of partially completed cortical bone remodelling units, so increasing the proportion of cortical bone consisting of Haversian canals-that is, cortical porosity.Recent evidence also suggests that changes in the material composition of bone may also contribute to the increase in skeletal fragility seen in osteoporosis.For example, accumulation of fatigue damage within bone, and a reduction in collagen crosslink concentration, have both been suggested to increase skeletal fragility. 4 5Several other independent determinants of fracture risk have also been identified, such as overall size and shape of the skeleton, 6 7 and factors related to the risk of falling such as postural instability. 8However, unlike skeletal microstructure, these other factors are not thought to be influenced either by bone remodelling, or by therapeutic agents like bisphosphonates.