tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secondary effect of aldosterone on Na-KATPase activity in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
Authors: K J Petty, J P Kokko, D Marver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The possibility that mineralocorticoids have a direct influence on renal Na-K ATPase activity has been the focus of intense research effort and some controversy for a number of years. Early studies were hindered by an inability to differentiate between possible glucocorticoid vs. mineralocorticoid effects on this enzyme within the multitude of cells that comprise the heterogeneous mammalian nephron. This study attempts to circumvent this problem by monitoring Na-K ATPase activity in the rabbit renal cortical collecting tubule (CCT), a proposed target epithelium for mineralocorticoids. Using an ultramicro assay, Na-K ATPase activity was measured in CCT from normal, adrenalectomized (adx), and adx rabbits subjected to one of several corticosteroid treatment protocols. The results indicate that Na-K ATPase activity in the CCT decreased by 86% subsequent to adrenalectomy. Injection of physiological doses of aldosterone (10 micrograms/kg) but not dexamethasone (100 micrograms/kg) restored CCT Na-K ATPase activity in adx rabbits to normal levels within 3 h after injection. An insignificant rise in activity was observed 1.5h after aldosterone treatment. In addition, spirolactone SC 26304, a specific mineralocorticoid antagonist, blocked the action of aldosterone on Na-K ATPase.. Therefore an acute increase in Na-K ATPase activity participates in the action of aldosterone on Na transport in this segment. To differentiate between primary vs. secondary activation of this enzyme, adx animals were treated with amiloride before the injection of aldosterone with the intent of blocking luminal membrane Na entry into CCT. In these animals, pretreatment with amiloride blocked the increase in CCT Na-K ATPase act activity seen with aldosterone alone at 3 h. Thus the increase in activity with aldosterone appears to be a secondary adaptation that is dependent on an aldosterone-enhanced increase in the passive entry of Na across the luminal membrane. The subcellular mechanism by which Na modulates Na-K ATPase activity remains obscure.
Abstract P5-12-03: Racial differences in breast cancer survival in a large urban integrated health system
Authors: MS Simon, JJ Ruterbusch, ME Pressler, L Lamerato, R Krajenta, JC Booza, K Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Despite improvements in breast cancer outcomes, there continues to be a large gap in survival between African American (AA) and White women with breast cancer, which may be due at least in part to racial differences in access to care. In order to better understand breast cancer survival disparities, we evaluated factors that predict racial differences in survival among women treated at a large integrated health care system in Southeastern Michigan. Materials and Methods: The study population included 2,387 women (34% AA) with stage I through III breast cancer treated at the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) from 1996 through 2005. Linked datasets from the HFHS, the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS) and the U.S. Census Bureau were used to obtain socio-demographic and clinical information. Co-morbidity was assessed by the Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI), and economic deprivation was categorized into 5 quintiles of increasingly worse socioeconomic deprivation, using a census tract deprivation index (DI). Results: AA women were significantly more likely than Whites to have larger (41% vs. 32% &amp;gt; 2 cm) and hormone receptor (HR) negative tumors (30% vs 19%), to have a higher CCI (15% vs 9% &amp;gt; 2) and to reside in a more economically deprived area (46% vs. 5% residing in quintile 5). Unadjusted analysis showed that AA had a significantly higher risk of death than White women (hazards ratio [HR], 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.59). After multivariable adjustment for clinical (age, stage, HR and CCI), and societal factors (insurance, DI), race was no longer significantly associated with overall survival, HR, 1.12, 95% CI, 0.94-1.33, p = 0.22, and 1.02, 95% CI 0.83-1.24, p = 0.88, respectively. Stratified analyses by DI showed no racial difference in survival for each of 5 levels of DI. Discussion: In a large urban integrated health care system, racial differences in breast cancer survival appear to be related to clinical and socioeconomic characteristics. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-12-03.
Intercurrent Hepatitis A in B Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Richard A. Willson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since the course of chronic active hepatitis includes spontaneous exacerbations and remissions, it may be difficult to recognize an intercurrent and unrelated hepatic illness. Specific serological testing for hepatitis A and B has allowed a clearer definition, as regards etiology, in recurrent episodes of acute hepatitis as well as in chronic hepatitis.<sup>1</sup>This short comment concerns a patient with known hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive associated chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis in whom an intercurrent episode of hepatitis A developed that would not have been appreciated without serological testing. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 58-year-old male health care worker had development of an acute HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis in March 1979. His liver function test results improved, but neither the alkaline phosphatase nor transaminase (SGOT) returned to normal levels over the following six months. Serological follow-up indicated that he continued to be HBsAg positive, anti-HBc positive, and anti-HBs negative. In
5-Fluorouracil in Cancer: An Improved Regimen
Authors: J. HORTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Fluorouracil is a palliative antitumor agent whose use is limited by toxicity. Methods for reducing toxicity have been described, but the package insert still recommends a course of daily injections for hospital-confined patients. Such a course, in our hands, has previously resulted in severe morbidity and 14% to 16% mortality. This study compared intravenous doses of 7.5, 15, and 20 mg/kg ideal weight given undiluted at weekly intervals without a loading course to 201 patients with advanced cancer. Toxicity was mild at 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg ideal weight. It was more marked at 20 mg/kg ideal weight, and two patients died of drug toxicity. The occurrence of tumor shrinkage of more than 50% at doses of 7.5, 15, and 20 mg/kg ideal weight was 5%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. Additional patients had tumor shrinkage of less than 50% or stabilization of disease. Remissions were associated with symptomatic benefit and increased survival. A weekly intravenous injection of fluorouracil, 15 mg/kg ideal weight, without a loading course was a well-tolerated regimen that could be given safely to outpatients. Objective tumor regressions were produced as frequently on this regimen as from the currently recommended course.
Outcome after wait-listing for emergency liver transplantation in acute liver failure: A single centre experience
Authors: William Bernal, Timothy J.S. Cross, Georg Auzinger, Elizabeth Sizer, Michael A. Heneghan, Matthew Bowles, Paulo Muiesan, Mohammed Rela, Nigel Heaton, Julia Wendon, John G. O’Grady
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Pyoderma gangrenosum complicating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: J. M. MAHOOD, I. B. SNEDDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Pyoderma gangrenosum complicating non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma Get access J. M. MAHOOD, J. M. MAHOOD The Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. B. SNEDDON I. B. SNEDDON The Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 February 1980, Pages 223–225, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05696.x Published: 01 February 1980
Anti-ceramide antibody prevents the radiation gastrointestinal syndrome in mice
Authors: Jimmy Rotolo, Branka Stancevic, Jianjun Zhang, Guoqiang Hua, John Fuller, Xianglei Yin, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman, Kisu Kim, Ming Qian, Marina Cardó-Vila, Zvi Fuks, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap, Richard Kolesnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Radiation gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is a major lethal toxicity that may occur after a radiation/nuclear incident. Currently, there are no prophylactic countermeasures against radiation GI syndrome lethality for first responders, military personnel, or remediation workers entering a contaminated area. The pathophysiology of this syndrome requires depletion of stem cell clonogens (SCCs) within the crypts of Lieberkühn, which are a subset of cells necessary for postinjury regeneration of gut epithelium. Recent evidence indicates that SCC depletion is not exclusively a result of DNA damage but is critically coupled to ceramide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis within the mucosal microvascular network. Here we show that ceramide generated on the surface of endothelium coalesces to form ceramide-rich platforms that transmit an apoptotic signal. Moreover, we report the generation of 2A2, an anti-ceramide monoclonal antibody that binds to ceramide to prevent platform formation on the surface of irradiated endothelial cells of the murine GI tract. Consequently, we found that 2A2 protected against endothelial apoptosis in the small intestinal lamina propria and facilitated recovery of crypt SCCs, preventing the death of mice from radiation GI syndrome after high radiation doses. As such, we suggest that 2A2 represents a prototype of a new class of anti-ceramide therapeutics and an effective countermeasure against radiation GI syndrome mortality.
Congenital Alkalosis with Diarrhea
Authors: PHILLIP GORDEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Congenital alkalosis or chloride-losing diarrhea is a rare abnormality of intestinal electrolyte transport. We describe the clinical course and metabolic features of a 31-year-old man, the only known adult with this disease. The illness is characterized by sustained watery diarrhea, an acid stool, metabolic alkalosis, and a unique stool chloride concentration of 140 meq/litre. Although the stool volume and cation composition varies with intake of NaCl, the stool chloride concentration and pH remain unchanged under all conditions of NaCl balance. The renal response is appropriate to the metabolic state; other ions in plasma, urine, and stool are essentially normal. Additional unexplained clinical features include glucose intolerance, gout, proteinuria, and mild renal functional impairment. The features of this disease can be explained by a defect in the ileal transport of chloride, which results in a high stool chloride concentration, selective chloride depletion, and, secondarily, metabolic alkalosis.
Notes on a Conjoint Epidemic of Facial Erysipelas and Enteric Fever at the Somerset and Bath Lunatic Asylum in 1879, and Reappearance of Erysipelas in 1881
Authors: C. W. C. Madden-Medlicott
Journal: BMJ (1881)

commenced at fifteen and continued with perfect regularity for two years, had ceased entirely for six years.This had led to a suspicion of some form of ovarian disease existing as the cause of the ascites.At the operation, to quote Dr.
Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America
Authors: Rick J. Strassman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

While working with alcohol-dependent Native Americans (Indians as they are referred to in this book), I have wondered about the unbearable burden their culture and race have suffered. Ninety percent of the American Indian population had died before the American Revolution. Such decimation of their numbers by war, infectious disease, and alcohol since the arrival of Europeans is impossible to comprehend. While psychiatric and anthropological studies of Indian alcohol abuse provide valuable observations and theoretical discussions, a historical and economic review adds further depth to a cogent analysis. In<i>Deadly Medicine</i>, University of Kansas historian Peter Mancall supplies extraordinarily detailed documentation of colonial North American Indians' mostly ill-fated relationship to alcohol. His basic premise is as follows: Indians' responses to liquor reinforced colonists' notions about their cultural and racial inferiority; colonists' desire to maintain the trade [in alcohol] despite its all too apparent costs reinforced Indians' notions about deeply rooted
Interpretations. The changing scene-an unnecessary pill crisis
Authors: L. Heinemann
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

A number of case-control studies published in 1995/1996 have shown an apparent increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with the use of third-generation oral contraceptives (OC). However, it was discussed very early on that these studies were subject to a number of biases or residual confounding that would have increased the risk estimates for third-generation OC while lowering those for second-generation preparations. Six new studies or analyses were performed trying to take into account many of the methodological problems that were discussed for the initial studies: Two population-based database analyses in the UK and Germany, a new analysis of the General Practice Registry database (GPRD) in the UK, an analysis of a new database of the Transnational study, a re-analysis of the original Transnational study with a new technique, and a population-based study in Denmark. These studies could not confirm a higher VTE risk in users of third-generation OC compared with those using second-generation OC. Data on the risk of arterial thromboembolism (ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction) show no such difference between generations of OC, with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of acute myocardial infarction from first- to third-generation preparations in one major study. Some of the investigators concluded that there is very likely no increased risk of arterial thromboembolism associated with the use of low-dose oestrogen OC in young women who are properly screened for cardiovascular risk factors or for such conditions. These findings should be taken into account when interpreting the results of studies on the risk of VTE in women taking combined OC. Key words: myocardial infarction/oral contraceptives/risk factors/stroke/venous thromboembolism
Noninvasive pulsed Doppler echocardiographic detection of the direction of shunt flow in patients with atrial septal defect: usefulness of the right parasternal approach.
Authors: S Minagoe, C Tei, A Kisanuki, K Arikawa, Y Nakazono, H Yoshimura, T Kashima, H Tanaka
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Noninvasive pulsed Doppler echocardiography combined with two-dimensional echocardiography by the right parasternal approach was performed to detect the shunt flow through the defect in 31 patients with suspected secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). A defect of the interatrial septum was seen on the two-dimensional echocardiograms of 30 of 31 patients. In all the 30 patients, Doppler signals of shunt flow could be recorded by placing the sample volume in the center of the defect on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Neither a defect nor Doppler signal indicating shunt flow were demonstrated in any of 15 normal control subjects. Cardiac catheterization indicated significant shunt flow in all the 31 patients with suspected ASD. Doppler signals obtained from the center of the defect showed left-to-right and/or right-to-left shunt flow patterns. The direction of the shunt flow was mainly left to right, with its peak in late systole and atrial systole in 28 of 30 patients; mainly right-to-left flow was present in the remaining two patients, who had Eisenmenger's syndrome. The direction of flow as predicted by the Doppler signal was confirmed by the coincidence of direction of flow as seen on the contrast two-dimensional echocardiogram. In 22 patients for whom the measurement of the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio by oximetry was believed to be reasonably accurate, the ratio was fairly well correlated with Doppler-determined left-to-right shunt flow velocity (r = .71, SEE = 6.7 cm/sec).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Obesity and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Authors: ROBERT D. LEFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1986Obesity and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation RateROBERT D. LEFF, M.D., STEVEN P. AKRE, M.D.ROBERT D. LEFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEVEN P. AKRE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-143_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article in the April issue on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1) was a timely and well-written review. We write to comment on an additional condition that may significantly affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in certain population groups.To determine if obesity was associated with an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, we prospectively compared 12 patients who were approximately 45 kg (100 lbs) over their ideal body weight (determined by the Metropolitan Height and Weight tables) to 13 patients who were normal weight and otherwise matched for sex and age. There were 2 men in each...References1. SOXLIANG HM. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate: guidelines for rational use. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:515-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DINARELLO C. Interleukin-1 and the pathogenesis of the acute phase response. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1413-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Duluth Clinic, Ltd. Duluth, MN 55805 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMarkers of Chronic Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Individuals and the Role of Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Large CohortThe diagnosis and management of temporal arteritisObesity and STING1 genotype associate with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination efficacyEntzündungszeichen richtig interpretierenImpact of Obesity and Adiposity on Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Rheumatoid ArthritisC-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Predict Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome After Percutaneous NephrolithotomyMigraine MimicsClinical and Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Testing in Pediatric RheumatologyHebben mensen met adipositas een hogere normale waarde van de BSE?Ordering and Interpreting Rheumatologic Laboratory TestsThe Mystique of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Reappraisal of One of the Oldest Laboratory Tests Still In UseObesity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in childrenObesity and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation RateWerner O. Richter, MD, Wolfgang Möhrle, MD, Peter Schwandt, MD 1 July 1986Volume 105, Issue 1Page: 143-143KeywordsBody weightErythrocyte sedimentation rateObesity Issue Published: 1 July 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lipids and platelet function in runners.
Authors: J R Haigh, C A Fruin, R Pinn, E J Lea
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

The effect of distance running on the fatty acid composition of platelet and erythrocyte membranes has been investigated, together with platelet aggregation and levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), total cholesterol and triglycerides in runners (n = 11) and healthy age-matched non-running controls (n = 12). Platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition of membrane lipids in both platelets and erythrocytes are similar in both groups with the following exceptions: in platelets docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 omega 3) is significantly higher in runners; in erythrocytes the fatty acids C20:3 omega 6/C22:1 omega 9 and C22:5 omega 3 are significantly higher in runners. There were no significant differences between the levels of HDLc, LDLc and total cholesterol in runners and controls although triglycerides were significantly lower in runners. Possible beneficial effects of running are probably mediated through effects on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and probably not due to any antithrombotic effect of platelets.
Fads, Public Opinion, and Heart Diseases
Authors: Arthur M. Master, Harry L. Jaffe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

During the past decade, a low cholesterol, low saturated fatty acid diet, and anticoagulation have become almost routine in treating coronary disease, and have gained extreme popularity among lay persons. The authors deemed it essential to emphasize that the efficacy of these methods in preventing or treating coronary disease and myocardial infarction remains unproven. Indeed, great divergence of opinion about their value exists among foremost physicians. A major change in diet is not indicated at this time, although more polyunsaturated fatty acid foods are desirable. Many recent observations have failed to show the advantage of anticoagulant drugs, possibly because of the modern regimen of early physical movement (commode, chair rest, ambulation). Additional studies in large, well controlled series of patients are required. Each physician should be free to decide individual treatment. The past decade witnessed the emergence of several new methods of treating coronary disease. These methods almost immediately
Edeiken's Roentgen Diagnosis of Diseases of Bone
Authors: Steven E. Harms
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This two-volume set is the fourth edition of the classic radiology text originally written by Edeiken and Hodes in 1967. Two new authors who are highly recognized in the field have joined Edeiken. The massive text has been revised considerably since the last edition, which was first published in 1981. The increase in size reflects the ever-expanding field of skeletal radiology, which now includes new methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), as well as a greater understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of skeletal disorders. The organizational structure of the book remains primarily a pathophysiological division of topics. Bone and cartilage physiology is briefly described in the first chapter. The second and third chapters are a synopsis of roentgen appearances of bone responses and alterations. As with previous editions, one of the best chapters deals with tumors and tumorlike conditions of bone. This chapter is a
Mutation in mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene in a large pedigree with maternally transmitted type II diabetes mellitus and deafness
Authors: J.M.W. van den Ouweland, H.H.P.J. Lemkes, W. Ruitenbeek, L.A. Sandkuijl, M.F. de Vijlder, P.A.A. Struyvenberg, J.J.P. van de Kamp, J.A. Maassen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Gene-centric association study of acute chest syndrome and painful crisis in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Geneviève Galarneau, Sean Coady, Melanie E. Garrett, Neal Jeffries, Mona Puggal, Dina Paltoo, Karen Soldano, Antonio Guasch, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Marilyn J. Telen, Abdullah Kutlar, Guillaume Lettre, George J. Papanicolaou
Journal: Blood (2013)