tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James S. Forrester
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Although treatment of many commonly encountered disorders has changed in the past decade, none has evolved more dramatically than that of acute myocardial infarction. Ten years ago, a new era began with arrhythmia monitoring in coronary care units. In the past few years, another has been entered with the development of methods for more precisely monitoring cardiac function during acute infarction. Hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients employs a specially designed double-lumen catheter that can be advanced at the bedside via a peripheral vein to the pulmonary artery without the use of fluoroscopy. Pulmonary artery pressure is monitored through the major lumen that leads to the tip. The minor lumen leads to an inflatable balloon proximal to the catheter tip, which serves to guide the catheter in the direction of blood flow through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Since the balloon can be placed in a position so
Levels of Drug and Antidrug Antibodies Are Associated With Outcome of Interventions After Loss of Response to Infliximab or Adalimumab
Authors: Henit Yanai, Lev Lichtenstein, Amit Assa, Yoav Mazor, Batia Weiss, Arie Levine, Yulia Ron, Uri Kopylov, Yoram Bujanover, Yoram Rosenbach, Bella Ungar, Rami Eliakim, Yehuda Chowers, Raanan Shamir, Gerald Fraser, Iris Dotan, Shomron Ben-Horin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Morten L. Kringelbach, Tipu Z. Aziz
Journal: JAMA (2009)

SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF WHITMAN’S PRESCIENT POEM “I Sing the Body Electric” in his collection Leaves of Grass, the electrical nature of brain and body has been confirmed by an abundance of scientific research. Seemingly much of what goes wrong with the brain could hypothetically benefit from finely calibrated pulses of electricity. The most promising available neuromodulatory technique is deep brain stimulation (DBS), which has shown clinical efficacy and safety in helping to improve certain brain-related problems such as movement disorders. The improvement in the symptoms of many patients has captured the attention of the general public, and neuroscientists are now introducing DBS for treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Despite this sense of great expectancy, it is important to proceed with a combination of humility and hubris. Because neurosurgery to the brain is tinkering with the very core of what makes the species human, the lessons from psychosurgery over last century must not be forgotten, and clear ethical guidelines must guide future experiments.
Abstract 1848: Folliculin (<i>FLCN)</i> sequence variants involved in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
Authors: Derek HK Lim, Pauline K. Rehal, Michael S. Nahorski, Fiona Macdonald, Tijs Claessens, Michel Van Geel, Lieke Gijezen, Johan JP Gille, Sophie Giraud, Stephane Richard, Maurice Van Steensel, Fred Menko, Eamonn Maher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterized most commonly by the development of facial fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts (predisposing to spontaneous pneumothorax) and renal cancer. Germline mutations in FLCN on 17p11.2 have been reported in patients with BHD and also in patients with isolated familial primary spontaneous pneumothorax and familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma without other features of BHD. The function of the FLCN gene product, folliculin, is not well characterized but recent studies have suggested that it may be implicated in the regulation of several key signalling pathways including the AMPK-mTOR route. Methods: We previously established an online locus-specific database (LSDB) for FLCN sequence variants at www.lovd.nl/flcn. Variants in the database have been curated from the published literature and novel unpublished sequence variants submitted to the database from diagnostic and research laboratories working on BHD syndrome. The entries in the database were analyzed looking at the variant type and distribution and associated phenotype. Results: The database currently contains a total of 115 unique sequence variants (including 70 pathogenic, 7 probably pathogenic, 1 variant of unknown significance and 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms) in FLCN. The majority of pathogenic mutations results in protein truncation whilst a minority are splice-site alterations. An up to date summary of the variants and their associated phenotype will be presented. Conclusion: Pathogenic mutations are found throughout the coding regions (exons 4-14) and there are no apparent genotype-phenotype correlations. The FLCN mutation database available at www.lovd.nl/flcn offers a valuable resource and tool for clinicians involved in the management of BHD patients, clinical geneticists and researchers. Researchers can directly submit new sequence variants online to the database or by e-mailing the author. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1848.
S-1-based concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Two phase I trials from Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group (OLCSG)
Authors: Y. Fujiwara, K. Kiura, N. Takigawa, K. Hotta, D. Kishino, N. Nogami, K. Gemba, M. Takemoto, M. Tabata, M. Tanimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7547 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but the treatment outcomes have remained unsatisfied. Thus, more effective and feasible CRT is urgently needed to improve their survival. S-1 is a newly developed oral 5-fluorouracil derivative and has synergistic effects with radiation. However, the role of S-1 in CRT for LA-NSCLC has been undetermined. Methods: We conducted two phase I trials to define the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of S-1-based chemotherapy when combined with concurrent thoracic radiation (total dose of 60 Gy with 2 Gy per daily fraction) for LA-NSCLC. OLCSG 0501 was designed to evaluate the two cycles of combination of S-1 (days 1–14) and cisplatin (days 1 and 8) for patients aged 75 or younger. S-1/cisplatin dosages (mg/m2) were escalated as follows: 60/30, 60/40, 70/40, 80/40, and 80/50. The other trial, OLCSG 0502, recruited patients aged 76 or older and evaluated S-1 alone. S-1 dosages (mg/m2) were increased as follows: 60, 70, and 80. Results: A total of 44 previously untreated LA-NSCLC patients were enrolled (22 in both trials). The MTDs for S-1/cisplatin and S-1 alone were determined to be 80 mg/m2/day / 50 mg/m2 and 80 mg/m2/day, respectively. In the OLCSG 0501, DLTs included febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, bacterial pneumonia and delayed second cycle of chemotherapy. No patient experienced grade 3 or more acute radiation pneumonitis and only one patient experienced grade 3 radiation esophagitis. In the OLCSG 0502, the DLTs were febrile neutropenia, stomatitis and delayed second cycle of chemotherapy. The overall response rates in OLCSG 0501 and OLCSG 0502 were 86.4% and 59.1%, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that S-1-based concomitant CRT would be a feasible treatment option and further phase II trials are currently under way. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bilateral Photon Deficient Area Along Lateral Abdominal Wall in a Tc-99m DTPA Renogram A Sign of Massive Ascites
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, LUIS S. MARSANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A patient with congestive heart failure and hepatic and renal dysfunction underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scintigraphic studies in which persistent cardiac blood pool activity, hepatic arterialization, and a longitudinal photon deficient area in each side of the abdominal wall were observed. The increase in hepatic artery inflow was believed to be due to a decrease in portal inflow of the liver. The elevation of portal pressure secondary to heart failure is attributable to the decrease in portal inflow of the liver; this phenomenon could account for the hepatic arterialization. Progressive renal dysfunction with high body background resulted in demonstrable ascites as photon deficient areas. Scintigraphic findings of hepatic arterialization plus an abdominal photon deficient area reflect severe heart failure and renal dysfunction.
New markers and an old phenomenon: prozone effect disturbing detection of filaggrin (keratin) autoantibodies
Authors: F. Dubois-Galopin, C. Beauvillain, D. Dubois, A. Pillet, G. Renier, P. Jeannin, C. Masson, A. Chevailler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Anti-filaggrin antibodies, also named anti-keratin antibodies (AKA), are serum IgG labelling the stratum corneum of the rat oesophagus epithelium, detectable by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). They constitute a specific marker for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1–3

A laminar staining pattern is seen with most AKA-positive sera (fig 1A), but occasionally the cornified layer is diffusely labelled, and the image also shows foamy staining (fig 1B). Although most authors consider sera as AKA positive only when a linear laminated pattern is observed,4,5 some consider the sera as AKA positive even when the staining is diffuse or foamy.6



 Figure 1  
 Anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) detected by indirect immunofluorescence on rat oesophagus. (A) Typical linear laminated labelling pattern restricted to the upper cornified layer observed in the serum …
THERMAL THERAPY, NAMED WAON THERAPY, REDUCES CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS, APOPTOSIS AND FIBROSIS OF TO-2 CARDIOMYOPATHIC HAMSTERS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Masaaki Miyata, Yuichi Akasaki, Takahiro Miyauchi, Yuko Furusho, Kanako Ide, Shuichi Hamasaki, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cancer Patient Assessment and Reports of Excellence: Reliability and Validity of Advanced Cancer Patient Perceptions of the Quality of Care
Authors: Joan M. Teno, Julie C. Lima, Kathleen Doyle Lyons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Consumer perceptions are important measures of the quality of cancer care. This article describes the validation of new measures of the quality of cancer care at the time of diagnosis and treatment for advanced cancer with life-limiting prognosis.Focus groups, review of guidelines, and an expert panel were used to construct two surveys of the quality of cancer care. A prospective cohort study examined the reliability and validity of three problem scores (ie, counts of the opportunities to improve the quality of care) that examine care at the time of diagnosis and initial treatment.At the first interview, 58% of 206 cancer patients (54.9% females; 27.5% with lung cancer; 5.4% with pancreatic cancer; 30.4% with colorectal cancer; 18.6% with breast cancer; mean age, 66.6 years) identified one or more concerns with communication about being diagnosed with advanced cancer. At the second interview, 57.0% of the respondents voiced one or more concerns about treatment communication, and 30.2% expressed one or more concerns about the experience of treatment. Each of the problem scores demonstrated both internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha > .75 and short-term stability of responses in a subsample that had the survey administered twice in 72 hours. Factor analysis largely confirmed the proposed scale structure. All three measures demonstrated moderate correlations suggesting evidence of construct validity.The three proposed problem scores demonstrate evidence of reliability and validity that warrants further testing to examine their responsiveness and discriminate validity in larger, more generalizable samples.
Novel pharmacological strategies for analgesia.
Authors: M Perkins, A Dray
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Acute transient pain, associated with negligible tissue damage, serves as a physiological warning of potential tissue damage.Somewhat more persistent pain, associated with hyperalgesia and tenderness, is often associated with inflammation.This is also a normal protective response to mild injury and resolves rapidly once the injury has healed.However there are various persistent pain conditions in which the stimulus and pain are unrelated.Thus the pain sensation outlasts its biological usefulness.In these conditions pain can no longer be regarded as a purely physiologically protective symptom.This may arise as a result of chronic pathological lesions or degenerative processes, but in many cases there may be no discernible pathology.These types of chronic pain state-which occur with migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, cancer pain, and neuropathic pain-are poorly understood and for the most part diffi- cult to treat.Thus chronic pain sufferers of one kind or another account for approximately 10- 20% of the adult population, while about 5-8% experience pain which is inadequately treated.'Present treatment for most pain states has relied heavily on the use of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and opioid anal- gesics.Although variants of these classes of drug have been developed there has been little conceptual innovation in analgesia for many years.Furthermore both classes of drug produce side effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, gastric ulceration, renal damage, and hypersensitivity reactions with NSAID, and nausea, constipation, confusion, respira- tory depression, and possibly dependence with opioids.Despite considerable effort these problems have not yet been overcome.An important reason for this has been the relatively slow advance, until recently, in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pain.Some of these advances have been reviewed and are leading a conceptual shift in pain pathophysiology and management.In the light of this we shall discuss some recent initia- tives for the discovery and development of new analgesic drugs based on knowledge of the pathophysiological and neurochemical changes that occur in the nociceptive pathway after injury.Kinin receptor inhibition Kinins are a family of small peptides which are produced locally in response to tissue injury or trauma and particularly during inflammation.visceral sensory neurones both in vitrol' 1' and in vivo."
Effect of a reduction in blood viscosity on maximal myocardial oxygen delivery distal to a moderate coronary stenosis.
Authors: A S Most, N A Ruocco, H Gewirtz
Journal: Circulation (1986)

This study tested the hypothesis that a reduction in blood viscosity by means of isovolumetric hemodilution will permit an increase in maximal oxygen delivery to myocardium distal to a moderate coronary arterial stenosis. It is known that blood viscosity is a determinant of resistance to blood flow at both the stenotic and the arteriolar levels. Accordingly, a reduction in blood viscosity could exert a favorable influence on maximal myocardial oxygen delivery in the setting of stenosis, provided that the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is not compromised excessively. Closed-chest, sedated domestic swine (n = 8) were instrumented with an artificial coronary arterial stenosis that reduced vessel diameter by 64%. Measurements of hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres), lactate and oxygen metabolism, and whole blood viscosity were made at control and after two successive 10 min intracoronary infusions of adenosine (400 and 800 micrograms/min) distal to the stenosis. Next, albumin/saline solution was given intravenously to reduce the animal's hematocrit by approximately 50%. Repeat measurements of all experimental variables were then made at a second control and again after two successive 10 min intracoronary infusions of adenosine (400 and 800 micrograms/min) distal to the stenosis. Myocardial blood flow (ml/min/g) distal to the stenosis increased from 1.52 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- 1 SD) to 4.10 +/- 0.86 in response to adenosine (peak dose) before hemodilution (p less than .01) and from 2.07 +/- 0.59 to 4.08 +/- 0.93 (p less than .01) after hemodilution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel signaling mechanism between gas and blood compartments of the lung
Authors: Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Kaushik Parthasarathi, Ping M. Wang, Jahar Bhattacharya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Propagation of inflammatory signals from the airspace to the vascular space is pivotal in lung inflammation, but mechanisms of intercompartmental signaling are not understood. To define signaling mechanisms, we microinfused single alveoli of blood-perfused rat lung with TNF-α, and determined in situ cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by the fura-2 ratio method, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation and P-selectin expression by indirect immunofluorescence. Alveolar TNF-α increased [Ca2+]i and activated cPLA2 in alveolar epithelial cells, and increased both endothelial [Ca2+]i and P-selectin expression in adjoining perialveolar capillaries. All responses were blocked by pretreating alveoli with a mAb against TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Crosslinking alveolar TNFR1 also increased endothelial [Ca2+]i. However, the endothelial responses to alveolar TNF-α were blocked by alveolar preinjection of the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM, or the cPLA2 blockers AACOCF3 and MAFP. The gap-junction uncoupler heptanol had no effect. We conclude that TNF-α induces signaling between the alveolar and vascular compartments of the lung. The signaling is attributable to ligation of alveolar TNFR1 followed by receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i increases and cPLA2 activation in alveolar epithelium. These novel mechanisms may be relevant in the alveolar recruitment of leukocytes.
Opium use and mortality in Golestan Cohort Study: prospective cohort study of 50 000 adults in Iran
Authors: H. Khademi, R. Malekzadeh, A. Pourshams, E. Jafari, R. Salahi, S. Semnani, B. Abaie, F. Islami, S. Nasseri-Moghaddam, A. Etemadi, G. Byrnes, C. C. Abnet, S. M. Dawsey, N. E. Day, P. D. Pharoah, P. Boffetta, P. Brennan, F. Kamangar
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Objectives To investigate the association between opium use and subsequent risk of death. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The Golestan Cohort Study in north-eastern Iran collected detailed validated data on opium use and other exposures at baseline. Participants were enrolled between January 2004 and June 2008 and were followed to May 2011, with a follow-up success rate of over 99%. Participants 50 045 participants aged 40-75 at baseline. Main outcomes Mortality, all cause and major subcategories. Results 17% (n=8487) of the participants reported opium use, with a mean duration of 12.7 years. During the follow-up period 2145 deaths were reported. The adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with ever use of opium was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.68 to 2.06). Opium consumption was significantly associated with increased risks of deaths from several causes including circulatory diseases (hazard ratio 1.81) and cancer (1.61). The strongest associations were seen with deaths from asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11.0, 6.22, and 5.44, respectively). After exclusion of people who self prescribed opium after the onset of major chronic illnesses, the associations remained strong with a dose-response relation. Conclusion Opium users have an increased risk of death from multiple causes compared with non-users. Increased risks were also seen in people who used low amounts of opium for a long period and those who had no major illness before use.
The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease
Authors: J. Belch, A. MacCuish, I. Campbell, S. Cobbe, R. Taylor, R. Prescott, R. Lee, J. Bancroft, S. MacEwan, J. Shepherd, P. Macfarlane, A. Morris, R. Jung, C. Kelly, A. Connacher, N. Peden, A. Jamieson, D. Matthews, G. Leese, J. McKnight, I. O'Brien, C. Semple, J. Petrie, D. Gordon, S. Pringle, R. MacWalter
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether aspirin and antioxidant therapy, combined or alone, are more effective than placebo in reducing the development of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, randomised, double blind, 2×2 factorial, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 16 hospital centres in Scotland, supported by 188 primary care groups. <b>Participants</b> 1276 adults aged 40 or more with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and an ankle brachial pressure index of 0.99 or less but no symptomatic cardiovascular disease. <b>Interventions</b> Daily, 100 mg aspirin tablet plus antioxidant capsule (n=320), aspirin tablet plus placebo capsule (n=318), placebo tablet plus antioxidant capsule (n=320), or placebo tablet plus placebo capsule (n=318). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Two hierarchical composite primary end points of death from coronary heart disease or stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, or amputation above the ankle for critical limb ischaemia; and death from coronary heart disease or stroke. <b>Results</b> No evidence was found of any interaction between aspirin and antioxidant. Overall, 116 of 638 primary events occurred in the aspirin groups compared with 117 of 638 in the no aspirin groups (18.2% <i>v</i> 18.3%): hazard ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.26). Forty three deaths from coronary heart disease or stroke occurred in the aspirin groups compared with 35 in the no aspirin groups (6.7% <i>v </i>5.5%): 1.23 (0.79 to 1.93). Among the antioxidant groups 117 of 640 (18.3%) primary events occurred compared with 116 of 636 (18.2%) in the no antioxidant groups (1.03, 0.79 to 1.33). Forty two (6.6%) deaths from coronary heart disease or stroke occurred in the antioxidant groups compared with 36 (5.7%) in the no antioxidant groups (1.21, 0.78 to 1.89). <b>Conclusion</b> This trial does not provide evidence to support the use of aspirin or antioxidants in primary prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality in the population with diabetes studied. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53295293.