tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Receptor Binding Studies and Clinical Effects of Human Insulin (recombinant DNA): Studies in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type I Diabetes, Type II Diabetes, Insulin Resistance (Type A and Type B), Insulin Antibodies, Insulin Allergy, and “Brittle” Diabetes
Authors: Klaus J Schlüter, Lothar Kerp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Thirty-eight insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were treated for periods ranging from 1 to 14 mo with human insulin (recombinant DNA) in order to investigate the clinical effects of human insulin in comparison with pork insulin. Human insulin was well tolerated and no side effects were detected. The following differences between human and pork insulin were observed: reduced blood glucose oscillations associated with a reduction in hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with “brittle” diabetes and type I diabetes, decreased concentrations of antibodies against pork insulin related to a reduction of insulin requirement of §15%, increased specific receptor binding in patients with type I diabetes and insulin resistance: type A, possibility for treating patients with pork insulin allergy, and an increased biologic activity in a patient with polyclonal antireceptor antibodies. No difference was detected between pork and human insulin treatment in patients with type II diabetes and in a patient with insulin resistance: type B with monoclonal antireceptor antibodies. Human insulin was used safely and successfully in the treatment of diabetic patients.
Transparent, tough collagen laminates prepared by oriented flow casting, multi-cyclic vitrification and chemical cross-linking
Authors: Yuji Tanaka, Koichi Baba, Thomas J. Duncan, Akira Kubota, Toru Asahi, Andrew J. Quantock, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano, Kohji Nishida
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Enhanced thrombolysis, reduced coronary reocclusion and limitation of infarct size with liposomal prostaglandin E1in a canine thrombolysis model
Authors: Steven Feld, George Li, James Amirian, Patty Felli, William K. Vaughn, Michel Accad, Thaddeus R. Tolleson, Christine Swenson, Marc Ostro, Richard W. Smalling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Thyroid Function in Patients Treated with Radioactive Iodine for Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: W. M. G. Tunbridge, P. Harsoulis, A. W. G. Goolden
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A series of 105 patients treated at least two years earlier with radioactive iodine for thyrotoxicosis have been surveyed. Eighty-five patients (81%) were euthyroid clinically and on the basis of routine thyroid function tests. Of the euthyroid patients 46 (54%) had normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and 39 (46%) had raised TSH levels. There was no difference in serum triiodothyronine levels between these two groups but the serum protein bound iodine and serum thyroxine, though still well within the normal range, were significantly lower in the group with raised TSH levels. The serum cholesterol was also significantly higher in this latter group.Most of the euthyroid patients were seen again a year later. None had become hypothyroid and neither those with normal nor those with raised TSH levels showed any evidence of a decline in the level of serum thyroxine.It is concluded that raised serum TSH levels in patients treated with iodine-131 are not necessarily indicative of hypothyroidism. There is no indication that patients who have this abnormality become overtly hypothyroid over a 12-month follow up.
1000 VX-950, a HCV protease inhibitor, retains potency against BILN-2061 resistant replicon cells
Authors: C LIN, K LIN, C GATES, S MA, D BRENNAN, J FULGHUM, H HSIAO, G RAO, Y WEI, J ALFORD
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A is known to play a role in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via interactions with host cell pathways.Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b strains presenting a wide insertion of 31 amino acids in the non-structural protein 5A V3 domain (V3 DI) were studied to determine whether this V3-like additional domain (V3 DII) was associated with HCC occurrence.Seventy-four patients’ sera were screened for V3 DII presence regarding clinical status.Three strains with duplicated V3 were detected among patients with progression to HCC (n = 28), two strains among patients with liver cirrhosis (Ci, n = 27) and none among patients with chronic hepatitis (Chr, n = 19). Phylogenetic trees built from V3 DI and V3 DII sequences indicated that the latter clustered separately. In between-group clonal analysis, V3 DII sequences from the HCC group were found to be more distant from HCV-J than V3 DI sequences (p < 0.0001). Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in genetic distances from HCV-J, in HCC V3 DI and HCC V3 DII compared to Ci V3 DI and Ci V3 DII sequences (p < 0.0001). HCC V3 DII domain and its junction with V3 DI exhibited higher Shannon entropy values and enrichment in disorder-promoting residues.Taken together, our results suggest that V3 DII evolution may differ in strains associated with HCC occurrence. The presence of an intrinsically “disordered” V3 duplicate may alter the NS5A protein network. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the potential impact of V3 duplication in the context of carcinogenesis.
The Prevalence of Concurrent Hearing and Vision Impairment in the United States
Authors: Bonnielin K. Swenor, Pradeep Y. Ramulu, Jeffery R. Willis, David Friedman, Frank R. Lin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

The Prevalence of Concurrent Hearing and Vision Impairment in the United States T he prevalence of dual sensory impairment (DSI) in hearing and vision has been estimated previously using self-reported data, 1 nonrepresentative population samples, 2 or populations outside of the United States. 3These estimates may not accurately reflect the true burden of DSI in the United States.We determined the prevalence of DSI using objective assessments of hearing and vision in a nationally representative sample of US adults.Methods.We analyzed data from the 1999-2006 cycles of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), a study designed to assess the health of a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized, civilian US residents. 4 Air conduction pure-tone audiometry performed in a sound attenuating booth was administered to a halfsample of all participants aged 20 to 69 years from 1999 through 2004 and all participants 70 years or older from 2005 through 2006 according to established NHANES protocols.A speech-frequency pure-tone average (average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) greater than 25 dB in the better ear was defined as hearing impairment per World Health Organization criteria. 5 For all participants 20 years or older from 1999 through 2006, visual acuity was determined for each eye using the individual's presenting correction (if any) and reassessed after autorefraction in eyes with a presenting acuity worse than 20/25. 4Visual impairment was defined by having a postautorefraction visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye.Four categories of sensory impairment were defined: DSI (concurrent hearing and vision impairment); hearing impairment (HI); vision impairment (VI); and no impairment (neither hearing nor vision impairment).Prevalence estimates were determined by age decade and sex.
Somatotypes of Nigerian athletes of several sports.
Authors: D N Mathur, A L Toriola, N U Igbokwe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Somatotype ratings and percentage body fat of 131 elite Nigerian male athletes, average 24.2 years of age, and belonging to badminton (n = 18), basketball (n = 30), field hockey (n = 24), handball (n = 16), judo (n = 18), and soccer (n = 25) teams were determined. Basketball, handball and soccer players were taller and heavier, and had low percent fat values as compared with the other athletic groups. Judokas and hockey players were endomesomorphs. Other sports groups were predominantly ectomesomorphs.
Spontaneous reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine: Clinical attributes and timing related to regulatory action
Authors: Allen D. Brinker, Julie Beitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Quinine has been marketed in the United States (U.S.) both over-the-counter (OTC) and by prescription for numerous purposes, including malaria and muscle spasms. In 1994 and 1995, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to limit the marketing of quinine based on the conclusion that no data supported its safe and efficacious use in these settings. This report includes clinical attributes from the largest case series to date of apparently isolated thrombocytopenia in association with quinine and trends in the receipt of spontaneous adverse event reports to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) for this drug-event combination in relation to regulatory action. In this study, we reviewed reports of spontaneous adverse drug events received by CDER. From 1974 through December 2000, CDER received 397 adverse event reports for quinine. Based on crude, unreviewed counts, 141 (35.5%) of these reports described apparently isolated thrombocytopenia. Reporting for this event peaked in 1995, coincident with regulatory action, and has subsequently declined. After elimination of cases confounded by acute or chronic disease or concomitant drug therapy, 64 reports of quinine-associated thrombocytopenia were used to form a case series. This case series, including 11 cases since January 1996, supports the potential for rapid time-to-onset (median 7 days) and clinical severity (hospitalization reported in 55 of the 64 cases). Although the number of reports since regulatory action is limited, CDER continues to receive reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine in use for nocturnal leg cramps. Extrapolation of spontaneous adverse event reports for a product with substantial OTC use precludes estimates of rates/incidence. Therefore, the effect of regulatory actions in 1994/1995 is difficult to measure using this approach. Although reports have decreased since regulatory actions on quinine, quinine remains available in the U.S. by prescription and in food products/dietary supplements. This case series confirms previous smaller series that suggest quinine-associated thrombocytopenia may present rapidly with symptoms of profound thrombocytopenia. Clinicians evaluating patients with new-onset and apparently idiopathic thrombocytopenia should maintain clinical vigilance for ingestion of quinine and elicit a detailed food/dietary supplement history from the patient.
The Scent of Royalty: A P450 Gene Signals Reproductive Status in a Social Insect
Authors: Katharina Hoffmann, Johannes Gowin, Klaus Hartfelder, Judith Korb
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Cooperation requires communication; this applies to animals and humans alike. The main communication means differ between taxa and social insects (ants, termites, and some bees and wasps) lack the cognitive abilities of most social vertebrates. Central to the regulation of the reproductive harmony in insect societies is the production of a royalty scent which signals the fertility status of the reproducing queen to the nonreproducing workers. Here, we revealed a central genetic component underlying this hallmark of insect societies in the termite Cryptotermes secundus. Communication between queens and workers relied upon the expression of a gene, Neofem4, which belongs to the cytochrome P450 genes. We inhibited Neofem4 in queens by RNA interference. This resulted in the loss of the royalty scent in queens and the workers behaved as though the queen were absent. The queen's behavior was not generally affected by silencing Neofem4. This suggests that the lack of the royalty scent lead to workers not recognizing her anymore as queen. P450 genes are known to be involved in the production of chemical signals in cockroaches and their expression has been linked to a major fertility regulator, juvenile hormone. This makes P450 genes, both a suitable and available evolutionary substrate in the face of natural selection for production of a queen substance. Our data suggest that in an organism without elaborate cognitive abilities communication has been achieved by the exploitation of a central gene that links the fertility network with the chemical communication pathway. As termites and social Hymenoptera seem to share the same class of compounds in signaling fertility, this role of P450 genes might be more widespread across social insects.
Memory metal stents for palliation of malignant obstruction of the oesophagus and cardia.
Authors: A May, M Selmaier, J Hochberger, L Gossner, S Muhldorfer, E G Hahn, C Ell
Journal: Gut (1995)

Thirty patients with incurable malignant obstruction of the oesophagus and cardia were treated with self expanding oesophageal memory metal stents (Ultraflex) in a prospective study. The endoprostheses were successfully placed in all patients. Within one week after implantation dysphagia had improved in 25 of 30 patients (83%). Stent expansion was incomplete within one week after implantation in 12 of 30 patients (40%). After an average of two dilatation sessions eight of 12 stents had expanded completely. Five patients complained of retrosternal pain and three of them suffered from heartburn over several days despite acid inhibition. Major problems in the follow up period occurred in 10 of 30 patients (30%) and included late perforation (one) and tumour ingrowth/overgrowth (nine). All of these complications were treated endoscopically. Improvement of the dysphagia of the patients with tumour ingrowth/overgrowth lasted for about eight weeks (median; range: 2-38 weeks). Until November 1994 six of 30 patients were still alive with a survival time of 309 days (median; range: 103-368 days). It is concluded that oesophageal memory metal stents are easy to implant, prove effective in the palliation of malignant oesophageal obstructions, and have a low risk of severe complications. The only disadvantages are that incomplete initial stent expansion as well as tumour ingrowth/overgrowth occurred in nearly one third of the patients.
Collodion baby dehydration: the danger of high transepidermal water loss
Authors: L. BUYSE, C. GRAVES, R. MARKS, K. WIJEYESEKERA, M. ALFAHAM, A.Y. FINLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Summary We describe transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements in a collodion baby suffering from severe hypernatraemic dehydration and hypothermia, who required intravenous fluid therapy in a special incubator. The TEWL values 4 days after birth were abnormally high compared with normal infants of the same age. The TEWL measurements returned towards normal within the first month, in parallel with the improvement of both the skin signs and the electrolyte and fluid balance.
The Shakespearean Lady
Authors: Adria Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1983)

My resident asked me to care for a Shakespearean actress who had had a pelvic exenteration for vaginal cancer. In her room I found Mrs Phelps sitting up in bed, a bony lady with short straight hair, deep-set eyes, and regal posture. I introduced myself and asked how she was feeling.  Not very well, thank you, she replied with a pronounced British accent. When I asked if I could take a look at her abdomen, she closed her eyes and said it was fine, as long as she didn't have to look at it. True, it wasn't a pleasant sight. The bandages were soaked with clear, draining fluid that oozed from an open, infected wound. A urine-collection bag was attached to the skin near her umbilicus, and the area around it was red and tender.  Each time I came in to look at her incision, she would close her eyes
Reprints, Whence They Come and Whither They Should Go.
Authors: C. D. Spivak
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Denver, Colo., March 28, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There is an inborn craving in the hearts of medical men for reprints of their articles. The explanation of this universal phenomenon is based on a psychological fact, namely, that every writer wishes to give the stamp of individuality to his work. An article in a modern periodical is like a pin in a stack of hay. That an article nowadays may make a lasting impression upon the reader, it must be an extraordinary production, indeed. The individuality and force of the majority of writings is obliterated in the "crowd." Hence, the writer unconsciously makes an attempt to rescue his production from oblivion by giving it at least the form of individuality. A reprint is an entity, a whole, not a part of a conglomerate. There is, besides, a utilitarian reason for the existence of the reprint. It is a time-saving contrivance,
An Unexpected Abdominal 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Patient with Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lynn Decoster, Sigrid Stroobants, Eric Verbeken, Kris Nackaerts, Johan Vansteenkiste
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Decisional Priority in Pediatric Oncology Revisited: Involving Children in Decision Making
Authors: Nicolas André
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

the Journal of Clinical Oncology, regarding decision making in pediatric oncology.Using consequential rationality to select the best action, the authors proposed a new model of decision making in pediatric oncology, in which they distinguish:(1) two steps, decisional priority and decisional authority; (2) two criteria, the existence of one best option, probability of cure; and (3) two actors, the family and the physician.This model brings the complexity of pediatric oncology decision making into the light, and provides help to the clinician to develop partnerships with parents and children appropriately.Nevertheless, to my eyes, the proposed model raises several issues that need to be taken into consideration.Although the authors initially distinguish between parents and children, they are always considered as one actor in the proposed model (see Fig 1 of Whitney et al 1 ).This is a step backward in the recognition of the role of children in medical decision making, 2 and a potential risk in undermining their central position.Indeed, we should always aim to involve the child, who nevertheless cannot always be the decision leaders, 3 partly because, as mentioned by the authors, of their evolving maturity.Thus, although family and parents' perspectives on a specific decision is fundamental, patientcentered decision making in this context requires a systematic evaluation of the children's needs and requires the will to maintain children and young people at the heart of patient care and to build services around their needs.This is illustrated by a recent study 4 that has shown that children as young as 10 years old can be competent in making decisions regarding their own end-of-life treatments in an unexpectedly altruistic way.This finding is almost impossible to realize without deeply incorporating children in the medical decision process.6] As a result, defining and distinguishing parents' and children's wills and needs in a pediatric model is crucial to promote communication and avoid or manage disagreement.Therefore, to make consensual shared decisions in a pediatric setting, a model should propose defining all actors and explaining how to manage possible differences in opinion.
The Maladaptive Renal Response to Secondary Hypocapnia during Chronic HCl Acidosis in the Dog
Authors: Nicolaos E. Madias, William B. Schwartz, Jordan J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

It has generally been thought that homeostatic mechanisms of renal origin are responsible for minimizing the alkalemia produced by chronic hypocapnia. Recent observations from this laboratory have demonstrated, however, that the decrement in [HCO−3], which "protects" extracellular pH in normal dogs, is simply the by-product of a nonspecific effect of Paco2 on renal hydrogen ion secretion; chronic primary hypocapnia produces virtually the same decrement in plasma [HCO−3] in dogs with chronic HCl acidosis as in normal dogs (Δ[HCO−3]/ΔPaco2 = 0.5), with the result that plasma [H+] in animals with severe acidosis rises rather than falls during superimposed forced hyperventilation.
Bayes' Theorem, the Exercise ECG, and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Bayes' theorem was published posthumously by The Reverend Thomas Bayes in 1763.<sup>1</sup>This formula, which allows one to calculate predictability "in the doctrine of chance," has been of interest to mathematicians and statisticians ever since that time, although its value has only recently been emphasized in medicine, particularly in laboratory science. Galen and Gambino<sup>2</sup>have stressed the importance of the Bayes' equation and have prepared tables for determining the predictive value of any laboratory test. The predictability of a measurement can be estimated with precision if its sensitivity (true positives/all diseased patients), specificity (true negatives/all subjects without disease), and the prevalence of the disease under question are known. The predictive value of a positive test is the percent of all positive tests that are true positives: it can be shown to equal the product of prevalence and sensitivity divided by a denominator of that same product plus the
TCT-482 4 Years Follow Up After One-stage Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Of Left Main Stenosis and Infarct-related Left Anterior Descending Or Circumflex Arteries In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrom With ST-elevation
Authors: Evgeniy Merkulov, Vsevolod Mironov, Michael Ruda, Anatoliy Samko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Delay in the Korotkoff Sounds in Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: Albert J. Libanoff
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A means for the indirect definition of the calibrated, timed contour of the leading edge of the pattern of the Korotkoff sounds was used to examine the timing of the pressure wave in 30 patients with cardiac disease. Following the onset of the QRS complex (Q) of the electrocardiogram in normal subjects, the Korotkoff sounds (K) in the brachial artery at diastolic pressure (QK<sub>d</sub>) appeared at 195 ± 18 msec. The QK<sub>d</sub>was earlier than normal in patients with arteriosclerosis or subaortic muscular stenosis; QK<sub>d</sub>was delayed in subjects with myocardiopathies. The appearance of left bundle-branch block (LBBB) in these patients was associated with a delay in the QK<sub>d</sub>of approximately 60 msec. The QK<sub>d</sub>was delayed by 40 to 90 msec during episodes of intermittent LBBB in four subjects, with return to earlier values when conduction returned to normal patterns.