tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T-cell and plasma cell populations in coeliac small intestinal mucosa in relation to dermatitis herpetiformis.
Authors: D Jenkins, A Goodall, B Scott
Journal: Gut (1989)

Differential lymphocyte and plasma cell counts and measurements of mucosal architecture were studied in small intestinal biopsies from 17 controls and 17 patients with untreated uncomplicated coeliac disease of whom five also had dermatitis herpetiformis. Intraepithelial T-cell and plasma cell counts and measurements of mucosal architecture were not significantly different in the two coeliac groups but both groups differed from the controls. Lamina propria T-cell counts were significantly higher in the patients who also had dermatitis herpetiformis than in uncomplicated coeliac disease, with a significant increase in the Leu 2 (CD8) positive (cytotoxic/suppressor) T-cell subset. This suggests a specific abnormality of T-cell control of immune responsiveness in the pathogenesis of the skin manifestations of dermatitis herpetiformis which is not found in uncomplicated coeliac disease.
Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis in health care workers after vaccination
Authors: W. Hassan, R. Oldham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Health care workers who are in direct contact with blood are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection.The Department of Health recommends vaccination against hepatitis B for people at special risk.'We report a case of Reiter's syndrome after the second dose of Engerix B vaccine and a case of reactive arthritis after the first, both occurring in health care workers.Case reports
The World Medical Association and Medical Ethics
Authors: Andre Wynen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The author, Secretary General of the World Medical Association (WMA), wrote this letter on the occasion of an audience with Pope John Paul II during the WMA's General Assembly. The Association, historically a proponent of ethical behavior in medicine, is especially concerned with the growing erosion of respect for and defense of the individual in the medical setting. Social benefits favoring the healthy are often provided at the expense of adequate health care for the sick. The Association is resolved to support the health care rights of the individual.
Inner gray halo, a novel dermoscopic feature for the diagnosis of pigmented actinic keratosis: Clues for the differential diagnosis with lentigo maligna
Authors: Mauricio M. Nascimento, Danielle Shitara, Milvia M.S.S. Enokihara, Sergio Yamada, Giovanni Pellacani, Gisele G. Rezze
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics in patients with severe burns
Authors: D. Bracco, P. Eggimann
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The recent advent of high-throughput single-cell molecular profiling is revolutionizing biology and medicine by unveiling the diversity of cell types and states contributing to development and disease. The identification and characterization of cellular heterogeneity is typically achieved through unsupervised clustering, which crucially relies on a similarity metric. We here propose the use of Optimal Transport (OT) as a cell-cell similarity metric for single-cell omics data. OT defines distances to compare, in a geometrically faithful way, high-dimensional data represented as probability distributions. It is thus expected to better capture complex relationships between features and produce a performance improvement over state-of-the-art metrics. To speed up computations and cope with the high-dimensionality of single-cell data, we consider the entropic regularization of the classical OT distance. We then extensively benchmark OT against state-of-the-art metrics over thirteen independent datasets, including simulated, scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq and single-cell DNA methylation data. First, we test the ability of the metrics to detect the similarity between cells belonging to the same groups (e.g. cell types, cell lines of origin). Then, we apply unsupervised clustering and test the quality of the resulting clusters. In our in-depth evaluation, OT is found to improve cell-cell similarity inference and cell clustering in all simulated and real scRNA-seq data, while its performances are comparable with Pearson correlation in scATAC-seq and single-cell DNA methylation data. All our analyses are reproducible through the OT-scOmics Jupyter notebook available at https://github.com/ComputationalSystemsBiology/OT-scOmics.
Effectiveness of intervention on physical activity of children: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials with objectively measured outcomes (EarlyBird 54)
Authors: B. Metcalf, W. Henley, T. Wilkin
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether, and to what extent, physical activity interventions affect the overall activity levels of children. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) and reference lists of included studies and of relevant review articles. <b>Study selection</b> Design: randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials (cluster and individual) published in peer reviewed journals. Intervention: incorporated a component designed to increase the physical activity of children/adolescents and was at least four weeks in duration. Outcomes: measured whole day physical activity objectively with accelerometers either before or immediately after the end of the intervention period. <b>Data analysis</b> Intervention effects (standardised mean differences) were calculated for total physical activity, time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity, or both for each study and pooled using a weighted random effects model. Meta-regression explored the heterogeneity of intervention effects in relation to study participants, design, intervention type, and methodological quality. <b>Results</b> Thirty studies (involving 14 326 participants; 6153 with accelerometer measured physical activity) met the inclusion criteria and all were eligible for meta-analysis/meta-regression. The pooled intervention effect across all studies was small to negligible for total physical activity (standardised mean difference 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.20; P&lt;0.01) and small for moderate or vigorous activity (0.16, 0.08 to 0.24; P&lt;0.001). Meta-regression indicated that the pooled intervention effect did not differ significantly between any of the subgroups (for example, for total physical activity, standardised mean differences were 0.07 for age &lt;10 years and 0.16 for ≥10 years, P=0.19; 0.07 for body mass index across the entire range and 0.22 for exclusively overweight/obese children, P=0.07; 0.12 for study duration ≤6 months and 0.09 for &gt;6 months, P=0.71; 0.15 for home/family based intervention and 0.10 for school based intervention, P=0.53; and 0.09 for higher quality studies and 0.14 for lower quality studies, P=0.52). <b>Conclusions</b> This review provides strong evidence that physical activity interventions have had only a small effect (approximately 4 minutes more walking or running per day) on children’s overall activity levels. This finding may explain, in part, why such interventions have had limited success in reducing the body mass index or body fat of children.
Developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog-Patched-GLI.
Authors: D O Walterhouse, J W Yoon, P M Iannaccone
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Developmental pathways are networks of genes that act coordinately to establish the body plan. Disruptions of genes in one pathway can have effects in related pathways and may result in serious dysmorphogenesis or cancer. Environmental exposures can be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including dysmorphic offspring or children with a variety of diseases. An important goal of environmental science should be reduction of these poor outcomes. This will require an understanding of the genes affected by specific exposures and the consequence of alterations in these genes or their products, which in turn will require an understanding of the pathways critical in development. The ligand Sonic hedgehog, the receptors Patched and Smoothened, and the GLI family of transcription factors represent one such pathway. This pathway illustrates several operating principles important in the consideration of developmental consequences of environmental exposures to toxins.
Emergency contraception is not just for the morning after
Authors: Richard Ma
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Emergency contraception is not just for the morning after Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Discordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual Identity
Authors: Gary Langer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters3 April 2007Discordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual IdentityGary LangerGary LangerFrom Director of Polling, ABC News, New York, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-7-200704030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: The article by Pathela and colleagues (1) underemphasized an apparent limitation in the data cited. Self-identified heterosexual male respondents were asked whether they had had sex with a man in the previous 12 months and then were read a definition of sex, including vaginal sex. Respondents who said “yes” were disproportionately foreign-born, had low education, and were married. They also overwhelmingly reported a single sex partner in the previous year and had a very low prevalence of risky sexual behavior. This profile suggests that many may have misunderstood the question and were reporting sex with their wives ...References1. Pathela P, Hajat A, Schillinger J, Blank S, Sell R, Mostashari F. Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: a population-based survey of New York City men. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:416-25. [PMID: 16983129] LinkGoogle Scholar2. In new survey, men call themselves straight but have sex with men [press release]. 19 September 2006. Philadelphia: American Coll Physicians; 2006. Google Scholar3. Fallik D. Almost one in 10 straight men on the “down-low,” study finds. Philadelphia Inquirer. 18 September 2006. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Director of Polling, ABC News, New York, New York.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDiscordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual Identity: A Population-Based Survey of New York City Men Preeti Pathela , Anjum Hajat , Julia Schillinger , Susan Blank , Randall Sell , and Farzad Mostashari Discordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual Identity Qiang Xia , Assunta Ritieni , Matthew Facer , Fred Molitor , and Joel Moskowitz Discordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual Identity Preeti Pathela , Julia A. Schillinger , and Bonnie Kerker Metrics 3 April 2007Volume 146, Issue 7Page: 539KeywordsConflicts of interestHeterosexualsHuman sexual behaviorRisk managementSexual identity ePublished: 3 April 2007 Issue Published: 3 April 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease and common variable immunodeficiency–like disease caused by IL-21 deficiency
Authors: Elisabeth Salzer, Aydan Kansu, Heiko Sic, Peter Májek, Aydan Ikincioğullari, Figen E. Dogu, Nina Kathrin Prengemann, Elisangela Santos-Valente, Winfried F. Pickl, Ivan Bilic, Sol A Ban, Zarife Kuloğlu, Arzu Meltem Demir, Arzu Ensari, Jacques Colinge, Marta Rizzi, Hermann Eibel, Kaan Boztug
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Blanket ban on treating transsexuals is ruled "unlawful"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An English health authority acted unlawfully in refusing to pay for sex change operations for three transsexuals on the grounds that they had “no overriding clinical need,” the Court of Appeal in London decided last week. The ruling is a warning to NHS managers that anything that amounts to a blanket ban on a treatment for a medically recognised condition is likely to fall foul of the courts. …
EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Food allergy health‐related quality of life measures
Authors: A. Muraro, A. E. J. Dubois, A. DunnGalvin, J. O'B. Hourihane, N. W. de Jong, R. Meyer, S. S. Panesar, G. Roberts, S. Salvilla, A. Sheikh, A. Worth, B. M. J. Flokstra‐de Blok
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Instruments have been developed and validated for the measurement of health‐related quality of life in patients with food allergy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's ( EAACI ) Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group . It draws on a systematic review of the literature on quality of life instruments for food allergy and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research &amp; Evaluation ( AGREE II ) guideline development process. Guidance is provided on the use of such instruments in research, and the current limitations of their use in clinical practice are described. Gaps in current knowledge as well as areas of future interest are also discussed. This document is relevant to healthcare workers dealing with food‐allergic patients, scientists engaging in food allergy research and policy makers involved in regulatory aspects concerning food allergy and safety.
Outcomes After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children With Cardiac Disease
Authors: Laura Ortmann, Parthak Prodhan, Jeffrey Gossett, Stephen Schexnayder, Robert Berg, Vinay Nadkarni, Adnan Bhutta, Mary E. Mancini, Robert A. Berg, Emilie Allen, Elizabeth A. Hunt, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Joseph P. Ornato, R. Scott Braithwaite, Graham Nichol, Kathy Duncan, Tanya L. Truitt, Brian Eigel, Peter C. Laussen, Frank W. Moler, Marilyn Morris, Chris Parshuram
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Small studies suggest that children experiencing a cardiac arrest after undergoing cardiac surgery have better outcomes than other groups of patients, but the survival outcomes and periarrest variables of cardiac and noncardiac pediatric patients have not been compared. Methods and Results— All cardiac arrests in patients &lt;18 years of age were identified from Get With the Guidelines–Resuscitation from 2000 to 2008. Cardiac arrests occurring in the neonatal intensive care unit were excluded. Of 3323 index cardiac arrests, 19% occurred in surgical-cardiac, 17% in medical-cardiac, and 64% in noncardiac (trauma, surgical-noncardiac, and medical-noncardiac) patients. Survival to hospital discharge was significantly higher in the surgical-cardiac group (37%) compared with the medical-cardiac group (28%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.5) and the noncardiac group (23%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.4). Those in the cardiac groups were younger and less likely to have preexisting noncardiac organ dysfunction, but were more likely to have ventricular arrhythmias as their first pulseless rhythm, to be monitored and hospitalized in the intensive care unit at the time of cardiac arrest, and to have extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation compared with those in the noncardiac group. There was no survival advantage for patients in the medical-cardiac group compared with those in the noncardiac group when adjusted for periarrest variables. Conclusion— Children with surgical-cardiac disease have significantly better survival to hospital discharge after an in-hospital cardiac arrest compared with children with medical-cardiac disease and noncardiac disease.
The epidemiology and prognostic factors of mortality in critically ill children with acute kidney injury in Taiwan
Authors: Jei-Wen Chang, Mei-Jy Jeng, Ling-Yu Yang, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Shu-Chiung Chiang, Wen-Jue Soong, Keh-Gong Wu, Yu-Sheng Lee, Hsin-Hui Wang, Chia-Feng Yang, Hsin-Lin Tsai
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Politicians' role in reconfiguring hospitals should be reviewed, says King's Fund
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The proposed reforms of the NHS in England could make reconfiguring hospital services even more bureaucratic and protracted at a time when change is urgently needed, warns a new report from the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund.

Its briefing paper suggests a number of ways in which current legislation could be altered to streamline the system. These include setting new minimum standards of care for some clinical conditions, improving the quality of engagement with the public, and speeding up the consultation and decision making process.

More radically, it says that the Independent Reconfiguration Panel for the NHS, an advisory non-departmental public body, could have the final say on decisions …
Use of a questionnaire in general practice to increase the recognition of patients with excessive alcohol consumption.
Authors: P Wallace, A Haines
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A self administered questionnaire, the health survey questionnaire, was designed to detect excessive alcohol consumption and mailed to patients who were registered with two general practices. Replies were received from 2572(75%) of 3452 patients. Excessive consumption was taken as 42 units of alcohol per week or more for men and 21 units per week or more for women: 1 unit = approximately 10 g ethanol and is equivalent to a half pint of beer, one glass of wine, or one standard measure of spirits. One hundred and twenty men (11%) and 68 women (5%) were identified by their responses to the questionnaire as excessive drinkers. According to their responses, roughly half of these expressed some concern about their drinking. In the practice where a disease register was kept 18 patients had been recorded as heavy drinkers before the study, and an additional 74 were detected by the questionnaire. Within 12 months after the questionnaire survey three groups of respondents were reviewed: (a) the excessive drinkers, (b) those who indicated concern about drinking but did not exceed the limits for excessive consumption, and (c) a random sample of those who were in neither of these two categories. Patients in these three groups were interviewed in a standard fashion to determine their alcohol consumption. Breath alcohol measurement was also carried out and a blood sample taken for the estimation of mean cell volume, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activity, and serum aspartate transaminase activity. There were highly significant correlations between estimates of consumption obtained by the questionnaire and those obtained at interview except among the women who were excessive consumers, whose responses to the questionnaire indicated levels of consumption that were much higher than those to which they admitted at interview. Stated weekly consumption at interview that was above the limits set for the study was used as the standard measure for comparing the questionnaire with the other indicators of excessive drinking. The questionnaire had a considerably greater estimated sensitivity in detecting male excessive consumers than any of the blood tests. Among the women it apparently performed less well, although the numbers stating excessive consumption at interview were small. Breath alcohol measurement was positive in only a few of the excessive drinkers. The use of this simple and inexpensive instrument is likely to prove widely acceptable to patients in general practice and should result in a considerable increase in the recognition by general practitioners of patients with excessive alcohol consumption.
Psychotherapies for Psychosomatic and Alexithymic Patients
Authors: Peter E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The difficulties encountered in the treatment of psychosomatic and alexithymic patients are discussed in some detail. The possible etiological theories about alexithymia, namely, genetic, neuroanatomical/neurophysiological, developmental/sociocultural and psychodynamic, are reviewed. The various therapeutic interventions available are described and the conclusion is reached that supportive psychiatric treatments are recommended for primary alexithymic psychosomatic patients, while modified psychodynamic therapies are considered best suited for secondary alexithymic individuals.
Development of Trustworthy Practice Guidelines
Authors: Melissa C. Brouwers
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor: The Viewpoint by Dr Ransohoff and colleagues1 discussed how to decide which guidelines are trustworthy. The authors committed errors in describing the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) system2- 3 when reviewing its limitations and comparing it with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards for developing practice guidelines.4
The effect of an increase in inotropic state and end-diastolic volume on the pumping ability of the feline left heart.
Authors: G Elzinga, N Westerhof
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

In isolated ejecting cat hearts, the pumping ability of the left heart was described quantitatively by the relationship between mean left ventricular pressure and mean left ventricular output. This relationship was determined by making the heart eject against a series of different loads on a beat-to-beat basis. Left ventricular mean pressure-mean output relationships of control and potentiated beats (at the same end-diastolic pressure) have a common intercept on the output axis but diverge toward the pressure axis. When the mean pressure values of the potentiated beats in a given experiment are multiplied by a single factor, superposition of the two relationships is obtained. A change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure caused a more parallel shift of the left ventricular mean pressure-mean output relationship. Here, superposition could be obtained by using one multiplication factor for the mean pressure data and one for the mean output data of the relationship found after the change in end-diastolic pressure. We concluded that, using the left ventricular mean pressure-mean output relationship, changes in cardiac pumping ability caused by given changes in inotropic state and ventricular end-diastolic volume can be quantified by one or two multiplication factors, respectively.