tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The ever interesting topic.
Authors: R Klein
Journal: BMJ (1987)

simple statement that the Health Service in this country is under-financed is undoubtedly true, but as the scope of medical care continues to expand at an increasing rate, it is highly improbable that any country in the world can, or will ever be able to, claim truthfully that they are spending as much as could be desired on medical care in all its aspects. In this situation, all health services will be under-financed. The quotation comes from a report commissioned by the British Medical Association 20 years ago.? It provides a warning against any excessive expectations that may be aroused by the sudden explosion of inquiries into the financing of health care in Britain as well as a reminder that there is nothing new about the current concern. The Institute of Health Services Management has set up an inquiry; so has the King's Fund Institute. The health unit of the Institute of Economic Affairs is about to publish a report; so is the Centre for Policy Studies. Next year's celebrations of the 40th anniversary of the National Health Service look like sinking under the weight of competing diagnoses and prescriptions. Why has this decennial
Immunofluorescence studies in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: G. REIMER, U. HUSCHKA, J. KELLER, R. KAMMERER, O.P. HORNSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Immunofluorescence (IF) investigations of the skin were performed in thirty patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and eight patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The results show that speckled epidermal nuclear immunoglobulin deposition occurs not only in MCTD but also in true scleroderma. Granular IgM deposition at the dermo-epidermal junction of light-exposed skin was detected in both groups of patients, but six of eight MCTD patients also showed a granular IgM band in non-exposed skin. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were demonstrated in the sera of 96% and 100% of patients with scleroderma and MCTD respectively. The pattern of nuclear IF staining in scleroderma included dense fine speckles, large coarse speckles, threads, nucleolar and centromere staining. In MCTD, by contrast, the ANA staining pattern consisted of threads. The significance of ANA titres and immunological specificities for the in vivo reaction of serum ANA with epidermal nuclear antigens is discussed.
1208 BIT225, AN HCV-P7 INHIBITOR, WITH ENHANCED ANTI-HCV ACTIVITY IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERONalfa- 2b AND RIBAVIRIN IN HCV GENOTYPE-1 TREATMENT NAÏVE SUBJECTS: PHARMACOKINETIC AND RESISTANCE STUDIES
Authors: G. Ewart, C. Luscombe, Z. Huang, M. Miller, J. Wilkinson, R. Murphy, T. Tanwandee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in 2012
Authors: Carolyn Y. Ho
Journal: Circulation (2012)

A healthy 32- year-old man presents for evaluation of exertional dyspnea and syncope.A murmur is noted, and echocardiography reveals marked septal hypertrophy with a resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient of 68 mm Hg (online-only Data Supplement Movie I and Figure I).His father died of an MI at 38 years of age, and his paternal uncle died as the driver in a single-car accident at 30 years of age.His younger brother is thought to have athlete's heart (Figure 1A).After discussing his diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implications for his family, he asks, "What will happen to my kids?Will I be able to feel well enough to exercise again?"
The musculoskeletal effect of intense physical training of non-athletic youth corps conscripts.
Authors: M O Egwu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To determine the musculoskeletal problems associated with high intensity physical exercise among non-athletic youth subjects.484 fresh Nigerian graduates participating in the mandatory National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) programme were studied. At the start of the four week intensive physical training which formed part of the orientation course for the programme, the subjects completed a questionnaire designed to determine their previous exercise habit. The physical training consisted of jogging, physical drills, games (soccer and volleyball), and man o'war activities. During the period of physical training, the subjects were instructed to report all ailments to the camp clinic.Muscular pain/soreness and injuries were major problems associated with the exercise. The lower limbs were most affected and the ankle joint was found to be more injury-prone than other joints.Most of these graduates were physically unfit and the intense fitness programme produced adverse effects on their physical health. Precamp physical preparation would be desirable.
Medical Uses of Ion-Exchange Resins
Authors: William P. Arnold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE use of the ion-exchange resins in the fields of chemistry, industry and medicine is relatively recent but is becoming increasingly significant. Although their value is established in chemistry and industry, their practical application in the field of medicine awaits further investigation and most particularly depends on the ability of the chemist to synthesize resins capable of specific and predictable performance in vivo. That such tailor-made products will become available appears likely; therefore some familiarity with the nature and mode of action of this group of chemicals is of interest to clinicians at this time.Historical BackgroundThe principle of . . .
Tussive effect of capsaicin in patients with gastroesophageal reflux without cough.
Authors: M Ferrari, M Olivieri, C Sembenini, L Benini, V Zuccali, E Bardelli, P Bovo, G Cavallini, I Vantini, V Lo Cascio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on cough threshold in patients with digestive symptoms but free from respiratory involvement. Of 57 consecutive subjects referred for 24-h esophageal pH monitoring because of digestive reflux symptoms, 29 patients free from respiratory disorders were studied. They underwent esophageal pH monitoring and manometry, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, pulmonary function tests, and methacholine and capsaicin challenges. The methacholine test was performed by inhalation of increasing doses of methacholine up to 4,000 micrograms; the results were expressed as the dose causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline (PD20). The capsaicin threshold was evaluated by inhalation of increasing doses of capsaicin from 0.3 up to 9.84 nmol, expressing the results as the dose of capsaicin eliciting five coughs (PD5). Fifteen patients were considered refluxers on the basis of a total esophageal acid exposure time above 4.7%. Esophagitis grade 0 was found in 15 patients, grade 1 in seven patients, grade 2 in seven patients. PD5 was significantly lower in refluxers (median 0.51 micrograms, range 0.22 to 19.8) than in nonrefluxers (19.8 micrograms, range 0.31 to 19.8) (p < 0.001); there was no difference in baseline ventilatory parameters and in airway responsiveness to methacholine between the two groups. All patients with a pathologic acid exposure time but one had a low cough threshold, irrespective of the presence or absence of esophagitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of Food on the Absorption Rate and Bioavailability of a Sustained Release Theophylline Preparation
Authors: S. Pedersen, J. Moeller‐Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Six children and six adults were given a single dose of a sustained release theophylline preparation (Nuelin Retard) after an overnight fast and later after a standardized breakfast. Food significantly reduced the absorption rate of theophylline whereas the extent of absorption of theophylline was unaffected by food. Under steady state treatment the fluctuations in the serum levels of theophylline were small when the tablets were taken after meals twice a day showing that this dose regimen was sufficient. No characteristic absorption or elimination phases were seen during the steady state dose interval, and the time to peak serum theophylline level showed great variation. Serum theophylline control about 4 h after fasting intake of the tablet is recommended.
Mycoplasma and leukaemia in childhood: a brief report.
Authors: R. N. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The recovery of organisms of the genus Mycoplasma from leukaemic bone marrow has been reported on a number of occasions (Brit.med. 7., 1965).In view of these findings, which suggested a new approach to the aetiology of leukaemia, a sizable group of children with this condition, together with appropriate control children, were examined for the presence of mycoplasma.The results of this investigation are given in the following brief report. Selection of Patients and SpecimensPatients and Controls.-Allchildren diagnosed as suffering from leukaemia and seen in the Hospital for Sick Children between 23 April 1965 and 21 March 1966 were included in the study.'Their ages ranged from a few weeks to 16 years; the majority were between 4 and 8 years.Control specimens from non-leukaemic patients were examined whenever marrow puncture was considered essential for diagnosis.These marrow aspirates were not ideal control specimens, but they were the only ones available.B3one-marrow Specimens.-Most of the children with leukaemia were participants in a trial of treatment, organized by the Medical Research Council and administered by the Department of Haematology.In this trial bone-marrow examinations were carried out on each child at eight-weekly intervals and at other times as indicated.On almost all these occasions marrow aspirates were obtained for the cultivation of mycoplasma.Blood Specimens.-Specimens of venous blood were taken ,and cultivated for mycoplasma whenever more than about 500 blast cells/cu.mm. were present.Other Specimens.-Cerebrospinalfluid, pleural fluid, throat swabs, and other specimens were taken on occasion; they were examined in the same way as the marrow and blood specimens. Cultivation of MycoplasmaHuman Embryo Lung Tissue Cultures.-Tissuecultures were prepared from human embryos by a modification of the method of Tyrrell et al. (1960).All experiments were carried out in cultures derived from three pairs of lungs.Cultures were grown to confluence in Eagle's basal medium with 1000, tryptose phosphate broth, 100% calf serum, 0.088% sodium bicarbonate, and added antibiotics.They were then washed with Eagle's basal medium and maintained on Eagle's basal medium with 10%/ tryptose phosphate broth, 2-5% foetal calf serum, and 0.17% sodium bicarbonate, with added antibiotics.Mycoplasma Medium (Augmented Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (P.P.L.O.) Medium).-Thisconsisted of P.P.L.O.broth or agar (Difco, without crystal violet) 70 ml., horse serum (not inactivated) 10 ml., yeast extract 10 ml., boiled blood extract 10 ml., deoxyribonucleic acid 0.4 %, thallium acetate (I ,'in distilled water) 2.5 ml., penicillin (100,000 units/ml.)0.1 ml.The components of the medium were stored in small
Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans.
Authors: T Colborn, F S vom Saal, A M Soto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Large numbers and large quantities of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been released into the environment since World War II. Many of these chemicals can disturb development of the endocrine system and of the organs that respond to endocrine signals in organisms indirectly exposed during prenatal and/or early postnatal life; effects of exposure during development are permanent and irreversible. The risk to the developing organism can also stem from direct exposure of the offspring after birth or hatching. In addition, transgenerational exposure can result from the exposure of the mother to a chemical at any time throughout her life before producing offspring due to persistence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in body fat, which is mobilized during egg laying or pregnancy and lactation. Mechanisms underlying the disruption of the development of vital systems, such as the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems, are discussed with reference to wildlife, laboratory animals, and humans.
Immune status in Crohn's disease. 2. Originally unimpaired primary cell mediated immunity in vitro.
Authors: I O Auer, C Buschmann, E Ziemer
Journal: Gut (1978)

One-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes of 21 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) not receiving salizylazosulphapyridine, steroids or azathioprine, seven patients with inflammatory bowel disease other than CD and ulcerative colitis, and 46 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. The group of CD patients consisted of 11 patients with newly diagnosed, short-standing and so far untreated CD (group CD 1) and 10 patients previously treated with drugs and with mostly long-standing CD (group CD 2). Results showed that the MLC responsiveness was similar in all Crohn's disease groups, normal subjects and diseased controls. While there was no correlation between MLC responsiveness and either disease activity or disease duration when compared singly, those CD 2 patients who had highly active and/or very long-standing disease did exhibit a depressed MLC responsiveness as compared with that of normal subjects (p less than 0.001), CD 1 patients who had both inactive and short-standing disease (P less than 0.05), and diseased controls (0.1 greater than or equal to P greater than 0.05). The stimulatory capacity did not differ significantly between the CD groups and normal subjects or diseased controls; the latter, however, stimulated poorly compared with normal subjects (P less than 0.05). In accordance, an inverse relationship between the magnitude of the stimulatory capacity and the disease activity was found in the CD patients as a whole. These data suggest that there is no depression of the in vitro primary cell mediated immune response as a predisposing factor for CD or as an early event associated with the pathogenesis of CD.
Inappropriate Use of Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Limitations and Potential Solutions
Authors: Francisco M. Kovacs, Estanislao Arana, Ana Royuela
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

stable injury fatality rate over the decade; however, this is an open question requiring further study. Westphal addresses the use of fatality rates in the Poisson regression models to determine the relationship between firearm legislation and firearm-related fatalities. The regression models we used in our study accurately evaluated this relationship1; however, we repeated the analysis using Poisson models with counts of deaths rather than rates, adjusted for population. Using this methodology in our previous multivariable model, we found a similar effect of legislation (incident rate ratio for suicide, 0.41 in the fourth compared with the first quartile; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82). This effect persisted after correction for gun prevalence (incident rate ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98).
410. Adenovirus Activates Mouse Platelets and Induces Platelet Leucocyte Association
Authors: Maha Othman, Andrea Labelle, David Lillicrap
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Adenovirus vectors have been used extensively in pre-clinical and clinical studies as agents for gene delivery. Acute, transient thrombocytopenia is a known adverse effect of adenovirus vector administration with a mechanism that currently remains unresolved. The fall in platelets appears 24 hours following IV administration of adenovector and is vector dose dependent. We have initiated experiments to investigate the mechanism of Ad induced thrombocytopenia. We examined the expression of the platelet activation marker P-selectin (CD-62p) on mouse platelets after incubation with adenovirus in vitro by means of flow cytometry. An indirect immunoflourescence approach was used with anti-mouse CD 62p monoclonal antibody and an FITC labeled rat antimouse-IgG. An appropriate negative isotype control and positive platelet activation control using thrombin were incorporated into these studies. The index of platelet activation (IPA), was used to quantify the activation effect of Ad on the platelets. This is the product of the mean channel fluorescence and the percentage of positive cells. We also examined Platelet leucocyte association (PLA) using the direct immunoflourescence and double colour staining of platelets and leucocytes using FITC labeled anti-mouse CD41 (platelets) and PE labeled anti-mouse CD 45 (common leucocyte antigen) respectively. Our study has shown that the mean IPA for platelets stimulated by adenovirus was 2519.4 compared to 128.2 for resting platelets (n=5, p<0.02). Flow cytometric analysis of CD41 (platelets) and CD45 (leucocytes) double stained positive events indicated that Ad stimulation induced PLA when compared to the unstimulated samples. PLA visualisation was also confirmed by means of direct fluorescence microscopy. These preliminary in vitro results indicate that the Adenovirus activates mouse platelets as it induces degranulation and expression of P-selectin and supports the recruitment of leucocytes presumably through an interaction with the leucocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. This may have a role in mediating the accelerated platelet clearance by the reticuloendothelial system following adenovirus administration. In addition, the interaction with leucocytes may also stimulate pro-coagulant microparticle generation and thus lead to systemic hemostatic activation. To our knowledge, this is the first report that identifies Adenovirus as an inducer for mouse platelet activation and as a promoter for platelet leucocyte association. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are still needed to better understand the mechanism of Ad induced thrombocytopenia; a complication that significantly limits the application of Ad mediated gene therapy.
Actinomycosis Presenting as Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: L. Robert Smith
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A MAN with thoracic actinomycosis had disseminated lesions. Initial biopsy specimens showed a granulomatous vasculitis and absent sulfur granules. Several cultures were negative. The correct diagnosis was not made for a long period, and the clinical and pathologic findings suggested a form of Wegener's granulomatosis. It was not until repeated biopsy specimens and cultures showed the organism that the diagnosis of actinomycosis was made. This case illustrates the importance of proper and persistent microbiologic techniques.  Report of a Case  A 43-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of a six-month history of coughing, weight loss, hemoptysis, coryza, and nosebleeds. At that time, he had a positive PPD tuberculin test, and the chest roentgenogram showed an infiltrate in the right upper lobe and right lower lobe. He also had fluctuant skin masses on the dorsum of the hands bilaterally and on the right thigh. Clinically, these were thought to represent
BMA calls for extra safeguards for life and death decisions
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Decisions to withhold or withdraw life prolonging treatment can often be taken without referral to the law courts, but there is a need for extra safeguards, according to a BMA report.

At present, proposals to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from patients in a persistent vegetative state require legal review in all countries of the United Kingdom except Scotland, but the courts have not specified what should …
IMPACT OF SERUM MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 LEVELS ON PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE ELEVATION
Authors: Kaori Hisazaki, Tetsuji Morishita, Hiroyasu Uzui, Kenichiro Arakawa, Naoki Amaya, Kentaro Ishida, Takehiko Sato, Yoshitomo Fukuoka, Hiroyuki Ikeda, Chiyo Maeda, Machiko Koike, Yusuke Sato, Junya Yamaguchi, Jong-Dae Lee, Hiroshi Tada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
De novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma with basophilia in the peripheral blood: Successful treatment with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Michihide Tokuhira, Reiko Watanabe, Atsushi Iizuka, Yasunobu Sekiguchi, Tomoe Nemoto, Kyoko Hanzawa, Ichiro Takamatsu, Taro Maruyama, Jun‐ichi Tamaru, Shinji Itoyama, Hiroshi Suzuki, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Shigehisa Mori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Basophils play an important role in allergic inflammation and are pathologically related to hematological disturbances, such as iron deficiency anemia and myeloproliferative disorders; however, they are only rarely encountered in lymphoid malignancies. Here, we report the case of a 33‐year‐old man with a bulky mass of the small intestine, multiple paraaortic lymphoadenopathy, pleural effusion, and ascites, who was diagnosed as a case of de novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This patient showed a marked elevation of the basophil count in the peripheral blood, which appeared to run in parallel with the tumor burden. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood cell transplantation yielded complete remission, and the patient has remained disease free for 5 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of de novo CD5+ DLBCL showing marked elevation of the PB basophil count. Am. J. Hematol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis associated fibrosing alveolitis in patients given infliximab
Authors: Andrew J K Ostor, Adrian J Crisp, Margaret F Somerville, David G I Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF ) antibodies are increasingly used to treat autoimmune conditions.However, their long term safety is unclear.We report three cases of patients who developed rapid fatal exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis associated fibrosing alveolitis after taking infliximab (a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF antibody; Remicade, Schering-Plough).
DIFFERENTIATION OF CLOSELY RELATED CELLS BY A VARIANT OF POLIOVIRUS, TYPE 2, MEF1 STRAIN
Authors: William H. Murphy, Raymond Armstrong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

By application of a variant of poliovirus, Type 2, MEF(1) strain, as a selective agent it was possible to distinguish among stable parent strains of epithelial cells and their clonal derivatives by their differential morphologic response to infection. The variant of poliovirus grew in a number of cell strains without induction of observable cytopathogenic changes. Other strains of cells reacted to viral infection by manifesting partial or complete degeneration. Parent HeLa cells and virus underwent simultaneous serial propagation in the absence of homotypic antiserum to virus. The stability of the virus-cell relationship was established by results from replicate experiments conducted over a period of years. Some cell strains of common origin maintained in different laboratories did not react similarly to the cytopathogenic effect of virus. Representative experiments revealed that the morphologic response of HeLa cells to MEF virus infection was not influenced by the presence or absence of pleuropneumonia-like organisms. The differential morphologic response of cells to infection was confirmed by efficiency-of-plating experiments which revealed differences in the capacity of MEF virus to form plaques in the test cell strains. Serial passages of MEF virus in cell strains demonstrated differences in their selection for cytopathogenic "mutants" of virus.