tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOTES ON THE DETECTION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SUGAR IN URINE.
Authors: A. B. LYONS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The detection and determination of sugar in urine is an old subject, yet one of perennial interest to the practicing physician, and one which, from its difficulty as well as from its importance, invites further research. I propose, in this paper, to treat mainly of some of the newer procedures that have been proposed in this line. The tests for sugar that have been most used heretofore are reduction tests. They give an indication simply that there is something present which is greedy for oxygen. This is a characteristic which sugar possesses in a high degree, but which it shares with a multitude of organic substances, of which, unfortunately, some are normally present in the urine. If we could find some reagent which would yield oxygen to sugar, but would refuse to part with it to uric acid or creatinin or any other of the long list of
Diagnostic Value of Follow-up Transbronchial Lung Biopsy after Lung Rejection
Authors: CHRISTINA L. ABOYOUN, MICHAEL TAMM, PRASHANT N. CHHAJED, PETER HOPKINS, MONIQUE A. MALOUF, STEPHEN RAINER, ALLAN R. GLANVILLE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Although transbronchial lung biopsy (TBBx) is widely acknowledged as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of acute rejection, controversy exists regarding the need to perform follow-up procedures. Over a 5-yr period, we performed 1,142 TBBx of which 173 were follow-up TBBx in 99 patients with pulmonary allograft rejection greater than or equal to International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade A(2) on initial TBBx. Rejection on the previous 173 TBBx was associated with lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis (LBB) > or = ISHLT grade B(2) in 82 patients and with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis in 16 patients. Persistent rejection (> or = A(2)) was observed in 45 of 173 (26%) follow-up TBBx. Persistent B grade rejection (> or = B(2)) was present in 28 patients whereas new B grade rejection developed in 11 patients with > or = A(2) grade rejection. Rejection > or = B(2) was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with rejection > or = A(2). Fifteen follow-up TBBx showed new B grade rejection without signs of > or = A(2) rejection. A new diagnosis of CMV pneumonitis was made in 33 of 173 (19%). CMV pneumonitis occurred in 35 follow-up TBBx, four associated with > or = A(2) rejection and eight with > or = B(2) rejection. The overall incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in both groups was similar. Patients with persistent rejection on follow-up TBBx developed BOS at a median of 1.3 yr and median of 2.0 yr (p = not significant [NS]) posttransplantation. The practice of follow-up TBBx after rejection within 2 yr posttransplant is clinically useful as it provides valuable diagnostic information.
Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: David N. Orth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome continues to tax the diagnostic skills of many physicians because it is an unusual disorder with which they have had little experience and because no single diagnostic test has proved to be completely reliable.Cushing's syndrome is either adrenocorticotropin-dependent or adrenocorticotropin-independent. The dependent type is due to hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropin by a pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) or by a nonpituitary tumor (ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome) with secondary adrenal hyperplasia and hypersecretion of cortisol or, extremely rarely, to secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by nonhypothalamic tumors with secondary pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia and adrenocorticotropin hypersecretion (ectopic CRH syndrome). The adrenocorticotropin-independent . . .
ABC of colorectal diseases. Faecal incontinence.
Authors: E. S. Kiff
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Faecal incontinence is extremely distressing.In the past those afflicted liscuss faecal often suffered in silence rather than face the embarrassment of discussing 'polite" the problem with a doctor.Happily, today more is known about the condition so that in many cases it can be totally alleviated or substantially improved. AetiologyFaecal incontinence occurs when rectal pressure exceeds anal pressure.
Genome-wide association study of multiple congenital heart disease phenotypes identifies a susceptibility locus for atrial septal defect at chromosome 4p16
Authors: Heather J Cordell, Jamie Bentham, Ana Topf, Diana Zelenika, Simon Heath, Chrysovalanto Mamasoula, Catherine Cosgrove, Gillian Blue, Javier Granados-Riveron, Kerry Setchfield, Chris Thornborough, Jeroen Breckpot, Rachel Soemedi, Ruairidh Martin, Thahira J Rahman, Darroch Hall, Klaartje van Engelen, Antoon F M Moorman, Aelko H Zwinderman, Phil Barnett, Tamara T Koopmann, Michiel E Adriaens, Andras Varro, Alfred L George, Christobal dos Remedios, Nanette H Bishopric, Connie R Bezzina, John O'Sullivan, Marc Gewillig, Frances A Bu'Lock, David Winlaw, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Koen Devriendt, J David Brook, Barbara J M Mulder, Seema Mital, Alex V Postma, G Mark Lathrop, Martin Farrall, Judith A Goodship, Bernard D Keavney
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Serum 2-hydroxyglutarate levels predict isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations and clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Courtney D. DiNardo, Kathleen J. Propert, Alison W. Loren, Elisabeth Paietta, Zhuoxin Sun, Ross L. Levine, Kimberly S. Straley, Katharine Yen, Jay P. Patel, Samuel Agresta, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Alexander E. Perl, Mark R. Litzow, Jacob M. Rowe, Hillard M. Lazarus, Hugo F. Fernandez, David J. Margolis, Martin S. Tallman, Selina M. Luger, Martin Carroll
Journal: Blood (2013)
European Union considers new plan to help refugees
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Faced with the large numbers of people leaving Kosovo, the European Union is being forced to look for new ways to cope and to help neighbouring countries cope with the economic and social strain that arises from taking in refugees.

The European Union's commissioner for humanitarian aid, Emma Bonino, confirmed last week that priority would continue to be given to providing food, shelter, and medical equipment to the …
Epidermal cell kinetics in lichen planus*
Authors: R. MARKS, M. BLACK, E.WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Epidermal cell kinetics in lichen planus Get access R. MARKS, R. MARKS Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BLACK, M. BLACK Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.WILSON JONES E.WILSON JONES Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 1, 1 January 1973, Pages 37–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb06669.x Published: 01 January 1973 Article history Accepted: 04 July 1972 Published: 01 January 1973
Deadly Choices: Coping With Health Risks in Everyday Life
Authors: Abraham B. Bergman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The appetite of the American public for medical information is insatiable. The need is met by an unremitting torrent that fills our airwaves, television screens, bookshelves, and supermarket checkout stands. The content is matched to every taste and educational level. Sensational stories of miracle cures, sex changes, and monstrosities fill the tabloids. Sexual aberrations and dysfunctional behavior are the staples of daytime television. Bookstore shelves groan with the weight of treatises on nutrition, victimization, and self-esteem. No end of advice is available to the afflicted on how to overcome a variety of chronic illnesses. On a slow news day, a physician can always be located to assert that the moon is made of green cheese. At a more sophisticated level, newspapers, magazines, and television news broadcasts are filled with reports of new research discoveries emanating from press conferences, papers presented at scientific meetings, or summaries of articles from selected medical
Carriers of an Inactivating β-Cell ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Mutation Have Normal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity and Appropriate Insulin Secretion
Authors: Hanna Huopio, Ilkka Vauhkonen, Jorma Komulainen, Leo Niskanen, Timo Otonkoski, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Insulin release from the pancreatic β-cells is controlled by ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, which consist of a hetero-octameric complex of four sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and four Kir6.2 proteins. Mutations in the SUR1 gene are the major cause of congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI). Despite the hereditary nature of CHI, studies of glucose homeostasis in heterozygous relatives of CHI patients are lacking. Theoretically, in the heterozygous state of the SUR1 gene mutation, only 1 of 16 KATP channels consists of entirely normal subunits. The aim of our study was to investigate in vivo the glucose homeostasis of heterozygous SUR1 mutation carriers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 8 parents of CHI patients, all 8 of whom were heterozygous for the inactivating SUR1 mutation V187D, and 10 matched control subjects. We evaluated glucose tolerance and insulin secretory capacity with oral and intravenous glucose tests, rates of whole-body glucose uptake with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, C-peptide response to hypoglycemia during hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp, and function of the KATP channels with intravenous tolbutamide test. RESULTS—Carriers of the V187D substitution had normal glucose tolerance, normal tissue sensitivity to insulin, and no signs of inappropriate insulin secretion. The normal insulin response to tolbutamide indicated that heterozygosity for the V187D mutation did not impair KATP channel function. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that the heterozygous carriers of the SUR1 mutation had normal glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, indicating that carriers of recessive KATP channel mutations are unlikely to be at an increased risk of hypoglycemia or other disturbances in glucose metabolism.
Lesson of the week: Recurrent bacterial meningitis: the need for sensitive imaging
Authors: E. D Carrol, A. H Latif, S. A Misbah, T. J Flood, M. Abinun, J. E Clark, R. E Pugh, A. J Cant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Sensitive imaging is needed in children with recurrent bacterial meningitis to detect cranial anatomical defects 

Recurrent bacterial meningitis in childhood is unusual and should prompt a search for immune deficiency. A variety of immunological defects may predispose to recurrent meningitis, including antibody or complement deficiency and hyposplenism. It is equally important to consider cranial anatomical defects such as skull fractures, particularly those affecting the base of the brain and extending to the sinuses and petrous pyramids.1 Craniospinal dermal sinuses, neurenteric or dermoid cysts, occult intranasal encephaloceles, or transethmoidmeningoceles are also potential portals of entry for pathogens into the subarachnoid space. 2 3

Encephaloceles may occur anywhere in the midline and arise from failure of closure of the embryonic neuraxis, creating a defect in the dura and cranium with or without protrusion of brain and meningeal tissue. Basal ethmoidal encephaloceles may extend into the nose and be mistaken for nasal polyps2 or into ethmoid sinuses or orbits.

Sometimes there may be a delay in establishing a diagnosis owing to a failure to consider anatomical defects or the use of insufficiently sensitive imaging procedures. We describe two children with recurrent bacterial meningitis due to cranial anatomical defects in whom diagnosis was delayed.

### Case 1

A 9 year old boy presented with pneumococcal …
Textbook of Endocrinology
Authors: Daniel B. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Williams has again hit th target with the third edition of his textbook. Adequate and accurate in its theory, pragmatic in its application, it is one of the handful of textbooks which can be commended to one and all. I recommend the third edition for those who bought the first or the second, for this latest edition is, in fact, like a new book. New contributors have written about three-quarters of it, and most of the remainder has been rewritten. All the contributors have managed to keep a balance between the old and the new and have made their reference lists selective rather than exhaustive. The value of this book has always been that the authors have selected and interpreted the facts. Some of the contributors to this third edition tend to be safe and stodgy and bibliographical rather than selective, and this tendency, together with increasing size, will, I
Methotrexate Therapy for Psoriasis
Authors: Andrew P. Grigg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read with interest the article by Drs Shupack and Webster<sup>1</sup>on pancytopenia following low-dose oral methotrexate therapy for psoriasis and report a similar case at our hospital with a fatal outcome. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 69-year-old woman was admitted with severe hemorrhagic oral ulceration 3.5 weeks after commencing methotrexate therapy, 7.5 mg orally weekly, for psoriasis that was resistant to topical treatment. She had been undergoing long-term therapy with furosemide, chlorothiazide, captopril, and a tricyclic antidepressant. There was no prior hematologic disorder, and a blood film, including platelet count, was normal four months prior to admission. Renal function was chronically impaired, with a creatinine level of 140 mmol/L and a creatinine clearance of 0.5 mL/s four years previously. On admission she was drowsy, dehydrated, and hypotensive. She had severe vulval, sacral, and oral ulceration and showed numerous pustular skin lesions, culture of which
Graduated Driver Licensing Systems
Authors: Anne T. McCartt
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Guide Into Chaos: Resist It
Authors: John Archer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TANDEM articles in the November 1973 issue of the<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>illustrate again the common occurrence in which a drug marketed for one purpose is found useful for another. Porter et al<sup>1</sup>reported the successful use of levodopa (Laradopa) as a test for growth hormone deficiency in children, a procedure that avoids the dangers of the more commonly used insulin tolerance test. Raiti et al<sup>2</sup>not only confirmed that oxandrolone (Anavar) is effective in stimulating growth in pituitary insufficiency, but demonstrated that combination treatment with that drug and human growth hormone sometimes is better than using either drug alone. The role of medical journals in bringing therapeutic advances to the attention of the profession tends to make moot the question of whether parallel recommendations are present in drug manufacturers' labeling (package inserts) and other advertising. In fact, as new information accumulates on marketed drugs,
Systems biology approaches to heart development and congenital heart disease
Authors: S. R. Sperling
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Even though the foundation of systems biology approaches to cardiac function was led more than fifty years ago, there has been slow progression over the last few decades. Systems biology studies were mainly focused on lower organisms, frequently on yeast. With the boost of high-throughput technologies, systems level analyses, building one backbone of systems biology, started to complement the single-gene focus in the fields of heart development and congenital heart disease. A challenge is to bring together the many uncovered molecular components driving heart development and eventually to establish computational models describing this complex developmental process. Congenital heart diseases represent overlapping phenotypes, reflecting the modularity of heart development. The aetiology of the majority of congenital heart disease is still unknown, and it is suggestive that understanding the biological network underlying heart development will enhance our understanding for its alteration. This review provides an overview of the framework for systems biology approaches focusing on the developing heart and its pathology. Recent methodological developments building the basis for future studies are highlighted and the knowledge gained is specified.
Neutrophil and monocyte cell surface p150,95 has iC3b-receptor (CR4) activity resembling CR3.
Authors: B L Myones, J G Dalzell, N Hogg, G D Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Previous investigations of p150,95 (CD11c), the third member of the CD18 membrane glycoprotein family that includes CR3 (Mac-1 or CD11b) and LFA-1 (CD11a), had demonstrated that solubilized p150,95 bound to iC3b-agarose in a manner similar to isolated CR3. The current study showed that membrane surface p150,95 also expressed iC3b-receptor activity and was probably the same as the neutrophil receptor for iC3b- or C3dg-coated erythrocytes (EC3bi or EC3dg) that had been previously designated CR4. Normal neutrophil and macrophage CR4-dependent EC3bi rosettes were inhibited by monoclonal anti-p150,95, and cells from a patient with CD18 deficiency did not form CR4-dependent EC3bi rosettes. With neutrophils that bore large amounts of CR1 and CR3 and little p150,95, EC3bi were found primarily via CR1 and CR3, and demonstration of p150,95-dependent rosettes required large amounts of fixed iC3b, low-ionic strength buffer, and antibody blockade of CR1 and CR3. By contrast, culture-derived macrophages expressed eight times more p150,95 than did monocytes and EC3bi were bound to both p150,95 and CR3 when EC3bi bore small amounts of fixed iC3b and assays were carried out in isotonic buffer. Comparison of the amounts of CR1, CR3, and CR4 in various tissues by immunoperoxidase staining revealed that CR4 was the most abundant C3 receptor molecule on tissue macrophages, and suggested that CR4 might be involved in clearance of C3-opsonized particles or immune complexes.
Beethoven's Deafness
Authors: Douglas Golding
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wonder if anyone has considered the possibility of Paget's disease of the bone as the cause of Beethoven's deafness. At postmortem examination his skull was "of great density and a thickness amounting to about half an inch." If he had had this condition, death could conceivably have been due to high output heart failure.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Central to Acute Cigarette Smoke–induced Inflammation and Connective Tissue Breakdown
Authors: Andrew Churg, Jin Dai, Hsin Tai, Changshi Xie, Joanne L. Wright
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as a mediator of cigarette smoke–induced disease is controversial. We exposed mice with knocked-out p55/p75 TNF-α receptors (TNF-α–RKO mice) to cigarette smoke and compared them with control mice. Two hours after smoke exposure, increases in gene expression of TNF-α, neutrophil chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and macrophage chemoattractant, protein-1 were seen in control mice. By 6 hours, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression levels had returned to control values in control mice and stayed at control values through 24 hours. In TNF-α–RKO mice, no changes in gene expression of these mediators were seen at any time. At 24 hours, control mice demonstrated increases in lavage neutrophils, macrophages, desmosine (a measure of elastin breakdown), and hydroxyproline (a measure of collagen breakdown), whereas TNF-α–RKO mice did not. In separate experiments, pure strain 129 mice, which produce low levels of TNF-α, showed no inflammatory response to smoke at 24 hours or 7 days. We conclude that TNF-α is central to acute smoke-induced inflammation and resulting connective tissue breakdown, the precursor of emphysema. The findings support the idea that TNF-α promoter polymorphisms may be of importance in determining who develops smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Birth Control Pills
Authors: JEROME T. PEARLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has long been the clinical impression of ophthalmologists familiar with retinal pigmentary degeneration (retinitis pigmentosa) that some women suffering from this slowly progressive and potentially blinding disease have an accelerated loss of periphal visual field during pregnancy. (An analagous situation would be the more rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy.) The mechanism of this phenomenon remains obscure, but hormonal factors are suspected. Documentation of this clinical observation is difficult, because only one reference<sup>1</sup>is commonly cited. Although no controlled studies have been made to support the contention that pregnancy exacerbates the symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa, the clinical impression still remains that some women lose vision more rapidly during pregnancy (A. E. Krill, personal communication, 1971). If this is the case, attention should be given to the theoretic danger of prescribing birth control pills to women with retinitis pigmentosa. Birth control pills are widely used