tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Speed of Intracranial Clot Lysis With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy
Authors: Andrei V. Alexandrov, W. Scott Burgin, Andrew M. Demchuk, Ashraf El-Mitwalli, James C. Grotta
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Arterial recanalization precedes clinical improvement or may lead to hemorrhage or reperfusion injury. Speed of clot lysis was not previously measured in human stroke. Methods and Results —Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to monitor consecutive patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), before tPA bolus and at 24 hours. Patients with complete or partial recanalization of the middle cerebral or basilar artery on TCD were studied. Recanalization was classified a priori as sudden (abrupt appearance of a normal or stenotic low-resistance signal), stepwise (flow improvement over 1 to 29 minutes), or slow (≥30 minutes). Recanalization was documented in 43 tPA-treated patients (age 68±17 years; NIHSS score 16.8±6, median 15 points). tPA bolus was given at a mean of 135±61 minutes after symptom onset. Recanalization began at a median of 17 minutes and was completed at 35 minutes after tPA bolus, with mean duration of recanalization of 23±16 minutes. Recanalization was sudden in 5, stepwise in 23, and slow in 15 patients. Faster recanalization predicted better short-term improvement ( P =0.03). At 24 hours, 80%, 30%, and 13% of patients in these respective recanalization groups had NIHSS scores of 0 to 3. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in only 1 patient, who had stepwise recanalization 5.5 hours after stroke onset. Slow or partial recanalization with dampened flow signal was found in 53% of patients with total NIHSS scores &gt;10 points at 24 hours ( P =0.01). Complete recanalization (n=25) occurred faster (median 10 minutes) than partial recanalization (n=18; median 30 minutes; P =0.0001). Conclusions —Rapid arterial recanalization is associated with better short-term improvement, mostly likely because of faster and more complete clot breakup with low resistance of the distal circulatory bed. Slow (≥30 minutes) flow improvement and dampened flow signal are less favorable prognostic signs. These findings may be evaluated to assist with selection of patients for additional pharmacological or interventional treatment.
The Experimental Production of Intercoronary Arterial Anastomoses and their Functional Significance
Authors: HERRMAN L. BLUMGART, PAUL M. ZOLL, A. STONE FREEDBERG, D. ROURKE GILLIGAN
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Animal experiments were done to learn the degree of coronary narrowing required to produce the larger intercoronary collateral channels, their speed of development, and the degree of protection afforded the myocardium. Twelve or more days of 75 per cent narrowing were required to produce sufficiently rich anastomotic communications to protect the myocardium from damage, and to permit survival after superimposed acute complete occlusion. The physiologic and pathologic significance of the intercoronary collateral communications and the clinical implications in coronary artery disease are discussed.
123. rAAV-pdx-1 Augmented the Insulin-Producing Cells
Authors: Hua Li, Karen S. Lam, Sidney Tam, Weidong Xiao, Paul Tam, Ruian Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Inducing liver cells to trans-differentiate into endocrine b cell has been a potential strategy for the better treatment of type 1diabetes. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1(pdx-1) has been documented increasingly as a crucial transcription factor in pancreatic islet development and differentiation. This study was conducted to evaluate whether pdx-1 delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV) could induce liver cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells and to explore the origin of these cells. Here we used 4|[prime]|10e11 AAV to deliver pdx-1to STZ-induced diabetic rats via the portal vein. Immunofluoroscent staining showed the presence of insulin-positive cells in AAV diabetic control rat livers, which occurred as single cells only, While AAV-pdx-1 group showed more insulin-positive cells, occurring as small clusters as well as single cells. These insulin-positive cells are also positive for hepatic oval stem cell markers, ck19 and Thy-1. Except for the gene expression of pdx-1, insulin1 and insulin 2, RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR also detected significantly higher level of other important transcription factors, NeuroD, Neurogenin 3(Ngn3) in AAV-pdx-1 treated diabetic rat livers. And AAV-pdx-1 treated diabetic rats showed partially ameliorated hyperglycemia, better gain of body weight and improved lipid levels. Our data indicated that hyperglycemia per se could induce rat hepatic oval stem cells into insulin-producing cells in vivo and that pdx-1 enhanced this developmental shift by promoting the expression of some transcription factors necessary for beta cell development and function, thereby producing more biologically active insulin in the livers of diabetic rats and ameliorating hyperglycemia and severe dyslipidemia.
O2 supply dependence of respiration in patients with mitral stenosis undergoing valvuloplasty.
Authors: G R Budinger, T Feldman, P T Schumacker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Although systemic oxygen consumption (V O2) is independent of O2 delivery (Q O2) in normal subjects, studies have suggested that supply dependence of V O2 may occur in patients with chronic diseases associated with reduced Q O2. In this regard, we previously found that Q O2 and V O2 increased when cardiac output was improved after balloon valvuloplasty in patients with aortic stenosis. However, their increases in Q O2 were relatively small, and it was not known whether the increase in V O2 was caused by the increase in delivery or was merely a response to the transient hypotension induced by valvuloplasty. Because patients with mitral stenosis frequently exhibit greater improvements in cardiac output after valvuloplasty than do patients with aortic stenosis, the present study sought to determine (1) whether V O2 is increased after valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis, and (2) whether the magnitude of the increase in V O2 correlates with the magnitude of the improvement in cardiac output and Q O2. Oxygen delivery, V O2, and hemodynamics were measured in 57 patients with mitral stenosis before and 20 to 30 min after undergoing balloon valvuloplasty. After valvuloplasty, Fick-derived oxygen delivery increased by 13.0% (95% confidence interval: 10.8 to 15.2%), whereas V O2 (expired gas) increased by 8.3% (95% confidence interval: 9.5 to 12.3%). A correlation between Fick-derived Q O2 and V O2 was found (p<0.005) with a slope of 0.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.07 to 1.24), but the O2 extraction ratio did not change (-1.0%; 95% confidence interval: -2.7 to 0.5%). A significant correlation between the change in Q O2 and the change in V O2 was also seen (p<0.02). These findings suggest that the increase in V O2 may have been a consequence of the increase in Q O2 rather than a response to the procedure itself.
Primary non-compliance with prescribed medication in primary care.
Authors: P H Beardon, M M McGilchrist, A D McKendrick, D G McDevitt, T M MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the rate of patients not redeeming their prescriptions (primary noncompliance) and assess the factors influencing this. DESIGN--Observational study comparing copies of prescriptions written by general practitioners with those dispensed by pharmacists and subsequent case record review. SETTING--A large rural general practice in Tayside. SUBJECTS--All 4854 patients who received prescriptions (20,921) written between January 1989 and March 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The rate of non-redemption of prescriptions. RESULTS--Seven hundred and two patients (14.5%) did not redeem 1072 (5.2%) prescriptions during the study period, amounting to 11.5% of men and 16.3% of women. Non-redemption was highest in women aged 16-29 (27.6% of women) and men aged 40-49 (18.3% of men). Of prescriptions issued to women for oral contraceptives 24.8% were not redeemed during the study period. In those who redeemed prescriptions 17% were not exempt from prescription charges compared with 33% of patients who failed to redeem them. The non-redemption rate was highest for prescriptions issued at the weekends, although this was a small proportion of all prescribing. Prescriptions issued by trainee general practitioners were also less likely to be redeemed. CONCLUSIONS--Non-redemption varies with age, sex, general practitioner, exemption status, and with day of the week the prescription was written. Observational studies of drug exposure can be more accurately estimated from dispensing rather than prescribing data.
ATRIUM AND AURICLE
Authors: Albert Salisbury Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:—  It is extremely gratifying, at long last, to note that official recognition has been given to the general misuse of the word auricle in well-known clinical entities such as atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, atrial septal defects, and atrioventricular block. The recent (fifth edition, 1953) Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of the Heart and Blood Vessels published by the New York Heart Association and distributed by the American Heart Association has finally discarded auricle for atrium wherever the upper chambers of the heart are concerned. This is a delayed but welcome concept that has been ignored in previous editions of this valuable manual.  About 25 years ago I joined with the late Dr. A. E. Parsonnet in an endeavor to correct the traditional misuse of the word auricle in describing the atria of the heart. Our objections were based on the very definition of the word: Auricle [L.
Targeting cadherin-17 inactivates Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor growth in liver carcinoma
Authors: Ling Xiao Liu, Nikki P. Lee, Vivian W. Chan, Wen Xue, Lars Zender, Chunsheng Zhang, Mao Mao, Hongyue Dai, Xiao Lin Wang, Michelle Z. Xu, Terence K. Lee, Irene O. Ng, Yangchao Chen, Hsiang-fu Kung, Scott W. Lowe, Ronnie T.P. Poon, Jian Hua Wang, John M. Luk
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy for which there are no effective therapies. To develop rational therapeutic approaches for treating this disease, we are performing proof-of-principle studies targeting molecules crucial for the development of HCC. Here, we show that cadherin-17 (CDH17) adhesion molecule is up-regulated in human liver cancers and can transform premalignant liver progenitor cells to produce liver carcinomas in mice. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of CDH17 inhibited proliferation of both primary and highly metastatic HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor mechanisms underlying CDH17 inhibition involve inactivation of Wnt signaling, because growth inhibition and cell death were accompanied by relocalization of β-catenin to the cytoplasm and a concomitant reduction in cyclin D1 and an increase in retinoblastoma. Conclusion: Our results identify CDH17 as a novel oncogene in HCC and suggest that CDH17 is a biomarker and attractive therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy. (Hepatology 2009.)
Unprocessed bran and its effect on urinary calcium excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria.
Authors: P J Shah, N A Green, G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

values.The implications for the taxonomy of primary biliary cirrhosis are far reaching, as it is hereby differentiated from a similar condition in which sicca complex occurs-namely, chronic active hepatitis.In that condition the prevalence of B8 is greatly increased, and the genesis of both the liver disease and the sicca syndrome itself may well be on an alternative basis.We are grateful to Dr J A Sachs for providing control data.
Interleukin 1 receptor signaling regulates DUBA expression and facilitates Toll-like receptor 9–driven antiinflammatory cytokine production
Authors: Jose M. González-Navajas, Jason Law, Kim Phung Nguyen, Meha Bhargava, Mary Patricia Corr, Nissi Varki, Lars Eckmann, Hal M. Hoffman, Jongdae Lee, Eyal Raz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

The interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly homologous innate immune receptors that provide the first line of defense against infection. We show that IL-1R type I (IL-1RI) is essential for TLR9-dependent activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and for production of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-10 and type I interferon (IFN). Noncanonical K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF3, which is essential for type I IFN and IL-10 production, was impaired in Il1r1−/− CD11c+ dendritic cells. In contrast, degradative ubiquitination of TRAF3 was not affected in the absence of IL-1R1 signaling. Deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA), which selectively cleaves K63-linked ubiquitin chains from TRAF3, was up-regulated in the absence of IL-1R1 signaling. DUBA short interference RNA augmented the TLR9-dependent type I IFN response. Mice deficient in IL-1RI signaling showed reduced expression of IL-10 and type I IFN and increased susceptibility to dextran sulphate sodium–induced colitis and failed to mount a protective type I IFN response after TLR9 ligand (CpG) administration. Our data identifies a new molecular pathway by which IL-1 signaling attenuates TLR9-mediated proinflammatory responses.
Vitamin <scp>E</scp>, γ‐tocopherol, diminishes <i>ex vivo</i> basophil response to dust mite allergen
Authors: K. Mills, J. Lay, W. Wu, C. Robinette, M. J. Kesic, S. C. Dreskin, D. B. Peden, M. Hernandez
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary vitamin E is a candidate intervention for atopic disease. We used in vitro and ex vivo exposures to test the hypothesis that the most common dietary isoform of vitamin E , γ‐tocopherol (γ T ), could suppress Fcε RI ‐mediated basophil activation. Rat basophilic leukemia ( RBL )‐ SX 38 cells that express human F cε RI were treated with or without γT, followed by stimulation with α‐ I g E . In the ex vivo study, 20 D er f 1 ‐allergic volunteers consumed a γ T ‐enriched supplement for 7 days. Their basophils were challenged ex vivo with α‐ I g E and graded doses of D er f 1 before and after the supplementation period. γt treatment of RBL ‐ SX 38 cells significantly reduced basophil degranulation and de novo TH 2 cytokine production. Daily consumption of a γ T ‐rich supplement by dust mite‐allergic volunteers reduced basophil activation after ex vivo dust mite challenge. Vitamin E supplements rich in γ T may be useful adjuncts in decreasing atopic disease.
An Analysis of the Role of IgE in Intolerance to Aspirin and Tartrazine
Authors: Joel K. Weltman, Robert P. Szaro, Guv A. Settipane
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Total serum IgE and eosinophil count were determined for 30 patients with in‐tolerance to aspirin. Total IgE levels in the aspirin intolerant patients were similar to those expected in a. non‐atopic population. In contrast, total eosinophil count (TEC) tended to be elevated in the aspirin intolerant group. Elevated TEC was observed both in bronchospastic (57%) and in urticarial (25%) aspirin intolerance. Specific anti‐aspiryl and anti‐carcrazyl antibodies of the IgE class were assayed by the galactosidase immunosorbent test [GIST] * . IgE anti‐aspiryl antibodies were possibly eletected in one patient, but did not correlate with clinical intolerance to aspirin. It is unlikely that the clinical symptoms and the eosinophilia of intolerance to aspirin and tartrazine are mediated by antibodies of the IgE class.
National Use and Effectiveness of β-Blockers for the Treatment of Elderly Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Martha J. Radford, Yun Wang, Jersey Chen, Asefeh Heiat, Thomas A. Marciniak
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Despite the importance of ␤-blockers for secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several studies have suggested that they are substantially underutilized, particularly in older patients.Objectives.-To describe the contemporary national pattern of ␤-blocker prescription at hospital discharge among patients aged 65 years or older with an AMI, to identify the most important predictors of the prescribed use of ␤-blockers at discharge, and to determine the independent association between ␤-blockers at discharge and mortality in clinical practice.Design.-Retrospective cohort study using data created from medical charts and administrative files.Setting.-Acute care nongovernmental hospitals in the United States.Patients.-Nationalcohort of 115 015 eligible patients aged 65 years or older who survived hospitalization with a confirmed AMI in 1994 or 1995.Main Outcome Measures.-␤-Blockeras a discharge medication and mortality in the year after discharge.Results.-Among the 45 308 patients without contraindications to ␤-blockers, 22 665 (50.0%) had a ␤-blocker as a discharge medication.There was significant variation by state, ranging from 30.3% to 77.1%.Of the 36 795 patients who were not receiving ␤-blocker therapy on admission, 16 006 (43.5%) had therapy initiated on or before discharge.Demographic and clinical variables explained relatively little of the variation in the initiation of ␤-blocker therapy.The prescribed use of calcium channel blockers at discharge had a strong negative association with the use of ␤blockers (odds ratio [OR] of ␤-blocker use, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.26).The New England region had significantly higher use of ␤-blocker therapy than the rest of the country.Compared with cardiologists, internists had similar rates (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00)and general and family practice physicians had lower rates (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.83).After adjusting for potential confounders, ␤-blockers were associated with a 14% lower risk of mortality at 1 year after discharge.The association with lower mortality was present in subgroups stratified by age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction.Conclusions.-Manyideal patients for ␤-blocker therapy are not prescribed these drugs at discharge following AMI.The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients do not explain much of the variation in the treatment pattern.Geographic factors and physician specialty are independently associated with the decision to use ␤-blockers.Elderly patients who are prescribed ␤-blockers at discharge have a better survival rate, consistent with the findings of randomized controlled trials of younger and lower-risk populations.
Making Health Care Reform Work
Authors: Harris Allen, Jeremy J. Nobel, Wayne N. Burton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Organization of Clinical Trial on National Scale: Management of Early Cancer of the Breast
Authors: M. Baum, M. H. Edwards, C. J. Magarey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

From a study of the organization of a national clinical trial on the management of early cancer of the breast in women there appear to be overwhelming advantages in studying large numbers of patients. To this end centres abroad have been encouraged to join. All the evidence at present suggests that it is feasible to organize a study on this scale, that the documentation and follow-up are accurate, and that the enthusiasm of the participants can be successfully fostered and maintained.
ALTERED PROTHROMBOTIC STATE MEDIATED BY A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ON FIBRINOGEN ALPHA CHAIN INDEPENDENTLY OF RISK FACTORS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Dimitris Tousoulis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Antigoni Miliou, Maria Kozanitou, George Hatzis, Charalambos Antoniades, Emmanuel Androulakis, George Latsios, Costas Tentolouris, Zoi Pallantza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Increased Uptake in a Vertebral Bone Island Seen Only on SPECT
Authors: Dwight M. Achong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Skeletal scintigraphy may be performed to evaluate a suspected bone island. In general, a bone island does not demonstrate increased uptake on bone scan. A case of increased uptake in a lumbar vertebral body bone island seen on SPECT, but not conventional planar imaging, is presented.
Impaired Modulation of Sympathetic Vasoconstriction in Contracting Skeletal Muscle of Rats With Chronic Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Gail D. Thomas, Weiguo Zhang, Ronald G. Victor
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise is impaired in heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. One possibility is that sympathetic vasoconstriction is enhanced in exercising muscle in heart failure as a result of impaired counterregulatory mechanisms that normally act to attenuate vasoconstrictor responses. In healthy animals, sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle is attenuated by endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO). Because the NO pathway may be dysfunctional in heart failure, we hypothesized that reduced NO in contracting muscle would result in enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction. In sham rats and rats with chronic myocardial infarctions (MIs) produced by coronary artery ligation, we measured arterial pressure and femoral artery blood flow responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation (1, 2.5, and 5 Hz) in resting and contracting hindlimb. In resting hindlimb, sympathetic stimulation decreased femoral vascular conductance similarly in sham and MI rats. In contracting hindlimb, these vasoconstrictor responses were attenuated to a greater extent in sham than in MI rats. NO synthase inhibition enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting hindlimb of sham, but not MI, rats. Conversely, infusion of l -arginine or a superoxide scavenger, tempol or tiron, attenuated sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting hindlimb of MI rats. NO synthase expression was similar, but malondialdehyde (a marker of free radical damage) was greater in skeletal muscle from MI than from sham rats. These data suggest that impaired metabolic modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle of MI rats is a consequence of superoxide-mediated disruption of the NO pathway.
Prostaglandin E2 regulates murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells directly via EP4 receptor and indirectly through mesenchymal progenitor cells
Authors: Yoshiko Matsumoto Ikushima, Fumio Arai, Kentaro Hosokawa, Hirofumi Toyama, Keiyo Takubo, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki, Shuh Narumiya, Toshio Suda
Journal: Blood (2013)