tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Links Between Cocaine and Retroviral Infection
Authors: Stanley H. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In 1981, clinicians and epidemiologists recognized the occurrence of a new syndrome since termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).<sup>1,2</sup>Since then, parenteral and sexual transmission of an agent were implicated.<sup>3,4</sup>The subsequent discovery of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the cause of AIDS, and tests for its reliable detection, revealed epidemic spread of this infectious agent that was more extensive and initially more silent than most observers had guessed.<sup>5-7</sup> Intensive epidemiologic studies of homosexual men, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients have been numerous and revealing.<sup>4</sup>Analogous research efforts among drug abusers have been somewhat slower to bear fruit.<sup>8</sup>In part, this reflects the challenges faced by researchers in enlisting representative samples of drug abusers. Drug abusers are frequently suspicious of "the establishment" and researchers can be perceived as being part of that establishment. Trained interviewers and attention to confidentiality are integral components in obtaining
Alloantibodies to a paternally derived RBC KEL antigen lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn in a murine model
Authors: Sean R. Stowell, Kate L. Henry, Nicole H. Smith, Krystalyn E. Hudson, Greg R. Halverson, Jaekeun C. Park, Ashley M. Bennett, Kathryn R. Girard-Pierce, C. Maridith Arthur, Silvia T. Bunting, James C. Zimring, Jeanne E. Hendrickson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Elevation of brachial arterial blood velocity and volumic flow mediated by peripheral beta-adrenoreceptors in patients with borderline hypertension.
Authors: J Levenson, A C Simon, M E Safar, J D Bouthier, G M London
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Simultaneous determinations of cardiac output and brachial arterial blood flow were performed in patients with hypertension and high cardiac output in comparison with normal subjects of the same age. Brachial arterial blood flow was measured with a previously described pulsed Doppler apparatus that permitted the noninvasive determination of arterial diameter and blood flow velocity. In patients with borderline hypertension, brachial blood flow was significantly increased (136 +/- 11 vs 72 +/- 8 ml/min; p less than .001). After short-term administration of indomethacin, cardiac output decreased while brachial blood flow remained constant. After short-term administration of a selective beta 1-receptor antagonist (primidolol) and nonselective blocker (propranolol), cardiac output decreased significantly in both cases but the decrease in brachial blood flow was significant only after the administration of the nonselective beta-blocking agent. The study strongly suggested that in patients with borderline hypertension, the increased cardiac output is related to a prostaglandin and beta 1-adrenergic mechanisms whereas the increased brachial blood flow depends mainly on beta 2-adrenergic mechanisms.
Health expert calls for 25 trusts to be inspected for excess deaths
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) says there has been a decrease in the number of reported patient safety incidents that resulted in death, but the figures have been criticised by a leading health expert as a gross underestimate.

There were 1160 incidents that resulted in death reported in the six months between 1 April and 30 September 2009, down from 1856 in the same period the previous year. 

The number of reported incidents that resulted in severe harm to the patient also fell from 3643 to 2412. At the same time there was a sharp jump in the total number of patient incidents reported to the NPSA, up from 379 345 to 473 162. 

From 1 April, under the new registration system, it will be mandatory for all NHS organisations to report all serious incidents to the NPSA.

But Brian Jarman, emeritus professor at London Imperial College School of Medicine and head of the Dr Foster Intelligent Unit, told the BMJ , “These methods of self reporting are fundamentally flawed and the NPSA is simply not recording all the incidents that occur.” 

A BBC Panorama investigation earlier …
Abstract LB-195: Anti-CD40 and CpG-ODN enhance the antimelanoma response of hu14.18K322A <i>in vivo.</i>
Authors: Kory L. Alderson, Mitchell Luangrath, Stephen D. Gillies, Fariba Navid, Alexander L. Rakhmilevich, Paul M. Sondel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Discussion Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-195.
NON-VALVULAR HEART MURMURS.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1892)

By non-valvular heart murmurs I mean heart murmurs that are produced without structural change in valves. Such murmurs are common. They often cannot be distinguished from those that are produced by valvular deformities. The physical signs which accompany valvular lesions enable the diagnostician to locate the morbid process and to determine the character of interference with the circulation which it produces, but does not make it possible to decide on the pathological character of the lesion. I call attention to the following cases to emphasize the fact that not unfrequently the murmur of a nonvalvular lesion is the same in character and location as a valvular one, and that it may be accompanied by the same changes in the size and shape of the heart and other organs. A man about 45 years old, entered Mercy Hospital suffering with distressing dyspnoea. He coughed little. He was moderately œdematous about his
Diabetic Complications Without Manifest Diabetes
Authors: Max Ellenberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A number of conditions generally recognized as complications of diabetes mellitus frequently occur before the characteristic findings of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polyphagia. As a result, the complications appear as the presenting symptoms that lead to the diagnosis. The characteristic retinopathy, for example, occasionally causes impairment of vision before glycosuria is found. This fact, that characteristic disorders can involve the eye, the skin, the nervous and vascular systems, the kidney, and the reproductive functions before the characteristic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism becomes manifest, means that diabetes mellitus is a complex disease. It should no longer be thought of as meaning simply hyperglycemia and glycosuria. An alert clinician has the opportunity to recognize the disease more promptly, begin its management at an earlier stage, and solve some obscure clinical problems.
From the NIH
Authors: Laurie K. Doepel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China.
Authors: R B Hayes, S N Yin, M Dosemeci, G L Li, S Wacholder, W H Chow, N Rothman, Y Z Wang, T R Dai, X J Chao, Z L Jiang, P Z Ye, H B Zhao, Q R Kou, W Y Zhang, J F Meng, J S Zho, X F Lin, C Y Ding, C Y Li, Z N Zhang, D G Li, L B Travis, W J Blot, M S Linet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

A large cohort of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 nonexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China was followed to determine mortality from all causes. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations including coating applications, and rubber, chemical, and shoe production. Mortality was slightly increased among workers with greater cumulative exposure to benzene (ptrend < 0.05), but this excess was largely due to cancer deaths (ptrend < 0.01). Deaths due to lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies (ptrend = 0.01) and lung cancer (ptrend = 0.01) increased with increasing cumulative exposure to benzene. Investigations continue to relate benzene exposure to specific lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies and other causes of death.
Identification and expansion of highly suppressive CD8+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Renee J. Robb, Katie E. Lineburg, Rachel D. Kuns, Yana A. Wilson, Neil C. Raffelt, Stuart D. Olver, Antiopi Varelias, Kylie A. Alexander, Bianca E. Teal, Tim Sparwasser, Gunter J. Hammerling, Kate A. Markey, Motoko Koyama, Andrew D. Clouston, Christian R. Engwerda, Geoffrey R. Hill, Kelli P. A. MacDonald
Journal: Blood (2012)
Toxicities Associated with the Administration of Sorafenib, Sunitinib, and Temsirolimus and Their Management in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Naeem Bhojani, Claudio Jeldres, Jean-Jacques Patard, Paul Perrotte, Nazareno Suardi, Georg Hutterer, François Patenaude, Stéphane Oudard, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Urinary Tract Infection Due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Timothy R. Townsend, Jay Y. Gillenwater
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of urinary tract infection from<i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i>to be reported. This gram-negative organism is commonly found in normal mouth flora and has been rarely implicated in animal or human infections, except in synergism with actinomycosis. Page and King<sup>1</sup>recently reviewed the experience of the Communicable Disease Center with<i>A actinomycetemcomitans</i>infections and found 32 patients who all had either bacterial endocarditis or an abscess. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> This 55-year-old Negro man was well until hypertension and gross hematuria developed one year prior to admission to the University of Virginia Hospital. Studies at that time revealed a small, nonfunctioning left kidney. A nephrectomy was performed, and the pathological examination revealed renal tuberculosis. The patient was treated with isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid and has continued taking the medications. Subsequently, several urinary tract infections due to<i>Pseudomonas,</i>
Differences in the Quality of Information on the Internet about Lung Cancer between the United States and Japan
Authors: Yasushi Goto, Ikuo Sekine, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Kazuhiko Yamada, Hiroshi Nokihara, Noboru Yamamoto, Hideo Kunitoh, Yuichiro Ohe, Tomohide Tamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION
Authors: Max Strumia, Stuart Mudd, Emily B. H. Mudd, Balduin Lucké, Morton McCutcheon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

Antisera against several strains of acid-fast bacteria have been separated into their euglobulin, pseudoglobulin and albumin fractions. The globulin fractions have been found to possess the essential properties of bacteriotropic sera: thus they alter the bacterial surface properties, and, in quantitative correspondence, cause agglutination and phagocytosis; these several effects withstand washing of the sensitized bacteria; the effects are little if at all affected by inactivation of the antisera before fractionation; the combination of antibody and antigen is serologically specific. The conclusion is drawn that the contact of antigen with fresh homologous immune serum results in the deposit on the antigen surface of a substance or substances contained in the globulin fractions of the antiserum; as a consequence of this surface deposit leucocytes can spread upon and engulf the antigen.
Follow up of hypertension by family practitioners: Select sample and absolute risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mark Nelson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteriaEditor-Last month the prime minister, Tony Blair, lent his weight to random drug testing in schools in an interview for a downmarket newspaper. 1He proposed a national programme be implemented soon, adhering to unspecified central directives.The Department of Health has 19 criteria for introducing new screening programmes. 2 At least 18 of these 19 criteria are not met for widespread, wide spectrum drug urine analysis in schools.The remaining criterion is that the condition is an important health problem.Drug use in young people is indeed associated with many health risks, 3 but a single, positive urine test, for any illicit drug, is probably not meaningful in a clinical sense.Each schoolchild's context of use (family history, social and emotional development) is crucial to interpreting any supposed "drug career."Use by a homeless pregnant teenage runaway from local authority care with a history of deliberate self harm and high risk sex work to pay for her drugs may be very different from a single experimental use at home with adults during a family party.Three failed criteria are especially pertinent to screening for school age drug use:(1) There should be an agreed policy on the further diagnostic investigation of people with a positive test result and on the choices available to them.(2) There should be an effective treatment or intervention for patients identified through early detection.(3) Clinical management of the condition and patient outcomes should be optimised by all healthcare providers before participation in a screening programme.In three years of experience of school health provision for alcohol and drug problems and their related referral networks I do not know of one school that could satisfy these criteria, especially the underpinning policy of promoting informed choice for children and families. 2
Reconsideration of Rifampin
Authors: Dani-Margot Zavasky, Merle A. Sande
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interleukin-1 generates transmembrane signals from phospholipids through novel pathways in cultured rat mesangial cells.
Authors: M Kester, M S Simonson, P Mené, J R Sedor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Although IL-1 stimulates cellular responses in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, the second messengers by which IL-1 activates cells are unknown. Recombinant IL-1 alpha (rIL-1) is a comitogen for glomerular mesangial cells. Using this model we explored potential transmembrane signals by which IL-1 stimulates cellular responses. Certain mitogens hydrolyze inositol phospholipids by phospholipase C to generate 1,2-diacylglycerol, a cofactor for protein kinase C, and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, which mobilizes intracellular calcium. rIL-1 induced a peak increase in [3H]1,2-diacylglycerol formation at 1 min. Production of 1,2-diacylglycerol often parallels the generation of phosphatidic acid; however, rIL-1 stimulated [32P]phosphatidate formation only after 60 min. rIL-1 did not change the inositol phosphate or cytosolic free calcium concentrations, demonstrating that rIL-1 does not activate an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C. [3H]Phosphorylethanolamine, but not [3H]phosphorylserine or [3H]phosphorylcholine, was maximally elevated at 1 min in mesangial cells incubated with rIL-1. Radioactivity incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine but not phosphatidylcholine was also decreased in IL-1-stimulated mesangial cells compared with control at 1 min. These data suggest that rIL-1 activates a phospholipase C predominantly linked to phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast to other mitogens, rIL-1 did not alter intracellular pH. Both 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, a homologue of 1,2-diacylglycerol, and phosphatidate but not phosphatidylcholine in the presence of 0.5% fetal bovine serum stimulated mesangial cell proliferation. rIL-1-induced cellular activation may be mediated, at least in part, by phospholipid-derived second messengers generated through novel pathways.
Effects from past solid waste disposal practices.
Authors: L J Johnson, D E Daniel, W V Abeele, J O Ledbetter, W R Hansen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

This paper reviews documented environmental effects experience from the disposal of solid waste materials in the U.S. Selected case histories are discussed that illustrate waste migration and its actual or potential effects on human or environmental health. Principal conclusions resulting from this review were: solid waste materials do migrate beyond the geometric confines of the initial placement location; environmental effects have been experienced from disposal of municipal, agricultural, and toxic chemical wastes; and utilization of presently known science and engineering principles in sitting and operating solid waste disposal facilities would make a significant improvement in the containment capability of shallow land disposal facilities.
Acute metabolic effects and half-lives of intravenously administered insulinlike growth factors I and II in normal and hypophysectomized rats.
Authors: J Zapf, C Hauri, M Waldvogel, E R Froesch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Insulinlike growth factors (IGF) act qualitatively like insulin on insulin target tissues in vitro. In the circulation in vivo they are bound to specific carrier proteins. In this form or when continuously infused into hypophysectomized (hypox) rats they do not exert acute insulinlike effects on glucose homeostasis. This study definitively shows that intravenous bolus injections of pure IGF I or II act acutely on glucose homeostasis: they lower the blood sugar, enhance the disappearance of U-[14C]glucose from serum and increase its incorporation into diaphragm glycogen in normal and hypox rats in the presence of antiinsulin serum. The same effects were obtained with recombinant human IGF I injected intravenously either with or without antiinsulin serum into normal rats. Free fatty acid levels decreased transiently only in normal animals. Lipid synthesis from glucose in adipose tissue was not stimulated in hypox and barely stimulated in normal rats. The half-life of injected IGF I or II in normal rats (approximately 4 h) is strikingly different from that in hypophysectomized rats (20-30 min) and appears to depend on the growth hormone-induced 150,000-200,000-mol wt IGF carrier protein that is lacking in hypophysectomized rats. 15 min after the bolus serum IGF I and II concentrations were similar to steady state levels during long-term infusion in hypox rats. Free IGF was barely detectable, however, in the infused animals, whereas 40-100% was found free 15 min after the bolus. These observations for the first time confirm the hypothesis that only free IGF, but not the IGF carrier protein complex, is bioavailable to insulin target tissues.
Optimal Small-Capacitor Biphasic Waveform for External Defibrillation
Authors: Yoshio Yamanouchi, James E. Brewer, Kent A. Mowrey, Ann M. Donohoo, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Patrick J. Tchou
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Biphasic waveforms have been reported to be more efficacious than monophasic waveforms for external defibrillation. This study examined the optimal phase-1 tilts and phase-2 leading-edge voltages with small capacitors (60 and 20 μF) for external defibrillation. We also assessed the ability of the “charge-burping” model to predict the optimal waveforms. Methods and Results —Two groups of studies were performed. In group 1, 9 biphasic waveforms from a combination of 3 phase-1 tilt values (30%, 50%, and 70%) and 3 phase-2 leading-edge voltage values (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times the phase-1 leading-edge voltage, V 1 ) were tested. Phase-2 pulse width was held constant at 3 ms in all waveforms. Two separate 60-μF capacitors were used in each phase. The energy value that would produce a 50% likelihood of successful defibrillation (E 50 ) decreased with increasing phase-1 tilt and increased with increasing phase-2 leading-edge voltage except for the 30% phase-1 tilt waveforms. In group 2, 9 waveforms were identical to the waveforms in group 1, except for a 20-μF capacitor for phase 2. E 50 decreased with increasing phase-1 tilt. Phase-2 leading-edge voltage of 1.0 to 1.5 V 1 appeared to minimize E 50 for phase-1 tilt of 50% and 70% but worsened E 50 for phase-1 tilt of 30%. There was a significant correlation between E 50 and residual membrane voltage at the end of phase 2, as calculated by the charge-burping model in both groups (group 1, R 2 =0.47, P &lt;0.001; group 2, R 2 =0.42, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —The waveforms with 70% phase-1 tilt were more efficacious than those with 30% and 50%. The relationship of phase-2 leading-edge voltage to defibrillation efficacy depended on phase-2 capacitance. The charge-burping model predicted the optimal external biphasic waveform.
928 EX VIVO TREATMENT OF NEUTROPHILS WITH A P38 MAPK AGONIST IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE AND ELEVATED ARTERIAL AMMONIA IMPROVES BACTERIOCIDAL CAPACITY
Authors: A. Nishtala, N.J. Taylor, R.D. Abeles, J.A. Wendon, D.L. Shawcross
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Thyroid Hormones and Thyrotropin in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Inder J. Chopra, Barbara F. Crandall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Thyroid hormone and thyrotropin concentrations in amniotic fluid were studied by radioimmunoassays during pregnancy. The mean thyroxine concentration was 398 ng per 100 ml at 15 to 19 and 440 ng per 100 ml at 36 to 42 weeks. Although 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine was undetectable (<25 ng per 100 ml), 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine levels were very high (range, 132 to 605 ng per 100 ml) at 15 to 30 weeks, but decreased substantially (range, 54 to 130 ng per 100 ml) thereafter. Thyrotropin was undetectable. The mean thyroxine and 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine levels in amniotic fluid were much lower and the mean 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine much higher than the corresponding values in maternal serum at both 15 to 19 and 36 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Measuring thyroid hormones in amniotic fluid, especially 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine, may aid in the diagnosis of fetal thyroid dysfunction and in identification of pregnancies of less than 30 weeks' gestation. (N Engl J Med 293:740–743, 1975)