tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF TUMORS AND CANCERS.
Authors: THEODORE A. McGRAW
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is natural in selecting a subject for an address on an occasion like this to choose those achievements in surgery which have made the glory of this generation. The rehearsal of triumphs is a most pleasant theme for both orator and hearers, and I have been tempted to indulge in that mutual congratulation which is not out of place when a great profession is called together to debate matters of common interest. It has been with a good deal of self-denial and some misgivings that I have turned from these pleasanter matters to ask you to join me in an attempt to review the darkest and most difficult field of surgery, in order, if possible, to gain some clear ideas as to the present state of our knowledge of the pathology of tumors and cancers. In this department of medicine, we may indeed claim some advances in exact knowledge
Demonstration of Intra-Abdominal Bleeding by Selective Arteriography
Authors: Moreye Nusbaum
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A method of preoperative localization of the site of gastrointestinal bleeding by selective catheterization of the branches of the abdominal aorta has been developed. This was first established experimentally in dogs. By use of the Seldinger percutaneous retrograde femoral-arterial catheterization, the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries were selectively catheterized. In the dog bleeding points were surgically constructed in various portions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon, by means of a catheter placed in a small segmental artery and passed through an enterotomy directly into the lumen of the intestine. The contrast medium was injected automatically and serial films were taken at 1-second intervals for 18 seconds. By varying the diameter of the catheter used, different rates of bleeding were obtained. This technique was successful in demonstrating bleeding points of 0.5 ml per minute and above. This method was then applied to a series of selected patients with
US healthcare executives hit pay jackpot
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Healthcare and pharmaceutical executives were four of the top 10 best paid executives in the United States in 2010, according to a report by GMI, an independent research firm that surveyed more than 2600 companies.

Pay for chief executives increased by 27% in 2010, the firm said. No bankers were on the top 10 list. Take home pay, the amount executives pay tax on, included annual compensation, increases in pension plans, profits from exercising stock options, and some other benefits, GMI said.

Several of the executives retired during 2010. …
TCTAP A-035 Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel Following Dual Antiplatelet Therapy on the Era of Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Taek Kyu Park, Young Bin Song, Jeong Hoon Yang, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Mastoidectomy nerve injury
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vitamin D, asthma prevalence and asthma exacerbations: a large adult population-based study
Authors: R. Confino-Cohen, I. Brufman, A. Goldberg, B. S. Feldman
Journal: Allergy (2014)

The impact of low vitamin D status on asthma, asthma morbidity and control is unclear. We aimed to investigate in adults the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and prevalent asthma as well as asthma exacerbations.A cohort of Israeli adults aged 22-50 years with documented vitamin D status were extracted from Clalit Health Services (HMO) between July 1, 2008 and July 1, 2012. Among this population, those with physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma exacerbations were identified. Asthma exacerbations were defined as any of the following: prescription for oral corticosteroids, >5 prescriptions for short acting beta agonists and more than four visits to a physician for asthma. Logistic regression models assessed the associations between vitamin D and both asthma and asthma exacerbations.Approximately 308 000 members with at least one vitamin D measurement were included in the cohort. Among them, 6.9% (21 237) had physician-diagnosed asthma vs 5.7% in the general population. Serum 25-OHD levels across both groups were similar. However, among those with vitamin D deficiency, the odds of having an exacerbation were 25% greater compared to those with levels in the normal range. This association remained significant after controlling for known confounders.While there was no significant association between vitamin D status and physician-diagnosed asthma, there was a strong association with asthma exacerbations. The presented evidence supports vitamin D screening in the subgroup of asthmatics that are uncontrolled and experience recurrent exacerbations.
ANATOMICAL TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK.
Authors: C. E. RUTH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In the AssociationJournalof August 28, 1899, I published a report of 17 cases of intracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur treated according to the method advocated and practiced first by Prof. T. J. Maxwell thirty years ago. It is what I have seen fit to denominate the anatomical method, and is the only method, to my knowledge, that entirely neutralizes the displacing tendencies of muscular action and weight. Of the 17 cases reported 5 recovered with no discoverable shortening whatever on careful and repeated measurements, 7 gave one-half to three-fourths inch shortening, 3 with one inch shortening, and 2 cases with useless flail-like limbs in which the treatment was abandoned after a few days of trial for lack of co-operation on the part of patient and friends. One death occurred from complications after union had been secured. Fourteen cases, ranging in age from 25 to 86
Drips, drains, and dressings
Authors: A. Craighill
Journal: BMJ (2008)

After a restless night at home with increasing abdominal pain, followed by bilious vomiting in casualty and an ultrasound scan that showed “a thick-walled gall-bladder with multiple stones, some impacted in the neck,” the diagnosis of cholecystitis was obvious.

So, my infrequent episodes over 20 years of retrosternal pains and unrelated rigors diagnosed by me as due to oesophageal spasm and viral infections had been nothing of the sort. How unsurprising—doctors who treat themselves have fools as …
Some Little-Known Classics of Old-Age Medicine
Authors: Frederic D. Zeman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

These familiar words of the psalmist we usually regard in a figurative way, but they assume far greater significance if taken literally. The author definitely expressed the plaint of the older person in a nomadic culture who, when he was no longer useful, was certain to be left behind to die in solitary agony. Only with the growth of villages and planned agriculture, resulting in an adequate food supply, did it become possible to develop the compassionate protective attitudes of the Judeo-Christian ethic. Every generation of physicians has met, to the best of its limited understanding, the problems of increasing years and their associated disabilities. I would like to discuss a few of the littleknown classic works on old age medicine. <h3>Gabriele Zerbi (1468-1505).—</h3> More than 20 years ago I encountered a reference to the<i>Gerontocomia</i>of Zerbi, a fascinating volume on the care of the aged, written by a
Cure of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess by Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Mario Palermo, Maria Cossu, Cedric H.L. Shackleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Kidney 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 protects against mineralocorticoid excess by oxidatively converting cortisol, which binds to mineralocorticoid receptors as well as does aldosterone, to cortisone. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene for this enzyme cause the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, with severe hypertension and hypokalemia.1,2 Most patients with the syndrome can be treated effectively with mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, potassium-sparing diuretics, and dexamethasone. We describe a woman with apparent mineralocorticoid excess who was cured by renal transplantation. Hypertension was diagnosed in a woman at 19 years of age, and apparent mineralocorticoid excess at 28 years of age because of . . .
Spontaneous Rupture of the Knee Joint in Reiter's Syndrome
Authors: William C. Weese
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Rupture of the knee joint occurred in a patient with urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis (Reiter's syndrome). The diagnosis had been suggested by the acute joint effusion, edema, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the calf; it was confirmed by arthrography. Differential considerations include a Baker's cyst and thrombophlebitis.
Plight of Doctors in the Central African Federation
Authors: J. L. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1964)

slight chronic inflammatory reaction associated with a nematode worm, almost certainly Wuchereria bancrofti.A search for microfilariae, in blood films taken at night, was undertaken but none was found.The filarial complement fixation test was negative, and lymphangiograms did not demonstrate any lymphatic obstruction or other abnormality.However, in view of the histological findings he was given a course of Banocide, but unfortunately he has failed to attend the follow-up clinic.-I am, etc.
Association of Serum Nitric Oxide Levels with Depressive Symptoms: A Study with End-Stage Renal Failure Patients
Authors: C. Papageorgiou, E. Grapsa, N.G. Christodoulou, N. Zerefos, S. Stamatelopoulos, G.N. Christodoulou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a soluble gas produced by the activity of an enzyme found in neurons. It has been implicated in a great number of normal physiological functions (such as noradrenaline and dopamine release, memory and learning, regulation of the cerebrovascular system, modulation of wakefulness, modulation of nociception, olfaction, food intake and drinking) as well as pathologies (Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, cerebral ischemia, stroke). Two reports have addressed the involvement of NO in depression.The objective of the study was to examine the association between NO and specific depressive symptoms. For this purpose, in a sample of 28 end-stage renal failure patients (who have increased NO levels), we tested the hypothesis that the subgroup of patients with these specific depressive symptoms was differentiated from the patients without these symptoms with regard to serum levels of NO metabolites. The depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung self-rating scale.Our study revealed an association of NO with the following depressive symptoms: sexual dysfunction, weight loss, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness and irritability.The association between NO system and symptoms of depression does not necessarily imply a pathogenetic association between NO and depressive disorder. Further research is needed to verify these findings and study their possible pathogenetic implications.
Endothelial cell tolerance to hypoxia. Potential role of purine nucleotide phosphates.
Authors: A V Tretyakov, H W Farber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The ability of cells to tolerate hypoxia is critical to their survival, but varies greatly among different cell types. Despite alterations in many cellular responses during hypoxic exposure, pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) retain their viability and cellular integrity. Under similar experimental conditions, other cell types, exemplified by renal tubular epithelial cells, are extremely hypoxia sensitive and are rapidly and irreversibly damaged. To investigate potential mechanisms by which PAEC maintain cellular and functional integrity under these conditions, we compared the turnover of adenine and guanine nucleotides in hypoxia tolerant PAEC and in hypoxia-sensitive renal tubular endothelial cells under various hypoxic conditions. Under several different hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-tolerant PAEC maintained or actually increased ATP levels and the percentage of these nucleotides found in the high energy phosphates, ATP and GTP. In contrast, in hypoxia-sensitive renal tubular endothelial cells, the same high energy phosphates were rapidly depleted. Yet, in both cell types, there were minor alterations in the uptake of the precusor nucleotide and its incorporation into the appropriate purine nucleotide phosphates and marked decreases in ATPase and GTPase activity. This maintenance of high energy phosphates in hypoxic PAEC suggests that there exists tight regulation of ATP and GTP turnover in these cells and that preservation of these nucleotides may contribute to the tolerance of PAEC to acute and chronic hypoxia.
Auriculotemporal syndrome: differential diagnostic of food allergy
Authors: R. Gonzàlez‐Mendiola, C. Sánchez‐Fernández, B. De la Hoz‐Caballer, P. Prieto‐Montaño, T. Muñoz‐Martín, M. C. Garcıa‐González, M. Sánchez‐Cano
Journal: Allergy (2003)
Recognition of 5′ Triphosphate by RIG-I Helicase Requires Short Blunt Double-Stranded RNA as Contained in Panhandle of Negative-Strand Virus
Authors: Martin Schlee, Andreas Roth, Veit Hornung, Cristina Amparo Hagmann, Vera Wimmenauer, Winfried Barchet, Christoph Coch, Markus Janke, Aleksandra Mihailovic, Greg Wardle, Stefan Juranek, Hiroki Kato, Taro Kawai, Hendrik Poeck, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Thomas Tuschl, Eicke Latz, Janos Ludwig, Gunther Hartmann
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Examination of fetuses after induced abortion for fetal abnormality.
Authors: J Clayton-Smith, P A Farndon, C McKeown, D Donnai
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the accuracy of midtrimester diagnosis of fetal abnormality by examination and investigation of fetuses after induced abortion.Prospective study over five years of fetuses aborted in the midtrimester because of abnormalities detected by ultrasonography and amniocentesis. Techniques included a full external examination by a clinical geneticist with experience in dysmorphology and other investigations including necropsy.Regional genetic centre.Clinicians working within the North Western region who wished to use the service offered.133 Fetuses were aborted because of abnormalities detected on ultrasonography and 115 because of abnormal findings on amniotic fluid analysis. In a further two cases fetal abnormality was diagnosed by molecular genetic and biochemical techniques. Among the fetuses with abnormal scans the pretermination diagnosis was changed or refined in a way which affected genetic counselling in 53 of 133 cases. Among the 115 fetuses diagnosed as abnormal by amniocentesis the pretermination diagnosis was confirmed in 112 cases and altered in three.Fetuses aborted because of abnormalities detected by screening should be examined by suitably experienced clinicians, both for accurate genetic counselling of the families and for quality control of the tests employed.
Calcium uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum in human dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: C. J LIMAS, M.-T. OLIVARI, I. F GOLDENBERG, T B. LEVINE, D. G BENDITT, A. SIMON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To determine the biochemical basis of abnormal diastolic properties in human dilated cardiomyopathy calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in ventricular homogenates of biopsy specimens from 21 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy was compared with that in nine normal controls. As a group, patients with cardiomyopathy had considerably lower calcium uptake rates (3.3(0.6) nmol.mg-1.min-1 vs 6.5(0.5) nmol.mg-1.min-1, p less than 0.01). Calcium uptake rates correlated modestly with resting haemodynamic values and significantly with plasma noradrenaline concentrations but not with plasma renin activity. These results show that sarcoplasmic reticulum function is impaired in human dilated cardiomyopathy and that this impairment is related both to the severity of haemodynamic dysfunction and to the extent of sympathetic nervous system activation.
Human lymphocyte subpopulations. Effect of corticosteroids.
Authors: D T Yu, P J Clements, H E Paulus, J B Peter, J Levy, E V Barnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Normal subjects given 60 mg of prednisone orally at 8:00 a.m. developed a transient lymphopenia at 2:00 p.m. To define the populations of lymphocytes affected the number and type of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were assayed. "Late" and "early" spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes were used as markers for thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes and one of its subpopulations, respectively. Receptors for aggregated gammaglobulin and complement identified bursal-equivalent or bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes and one of its subpopulations, respectively. 6 h after administration of 60 mg of prednisone, the blood samples showed a decrease in proportion of T cells from 69.2 +/- 2.1% to 55.9 +/- 2.8% (average +/- SE) and an increase in B-cell proportion from 21.3 +/- 2.0% to 44.8 +/- 4.1%. The changes of "early" rosettes and complement receptor lymphocytes also paralleled these. In all cases the absolute numbers of T cells and of B cells were decreased by prednisone. The density gradient distribution of the lymphocytes did not change after prednisone. These data indicate that both T and B lymphocytes are affected by the prednisone but that the T cell lymphopenia was more pronounced. The lymphopenia might reflect either sequestration in the marrow and/or transient arrest of recirculation.
Review of Drug Effectiveness in the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: JORGE A. VIAMONTES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

In reviewing the British and American literature regarding the effectiveness of drugs in treating alcoholism, the author found that success was frequently claimed in studies that were uncontrolled and that lacked objective means of comparison. Only one controlled study he reviewed claimed that a drug was more effective than placebo. He recommends further research and a review of the methodology to develop a successful chemical treatment for alcoholism.
SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN CLASSES OF RNA DURING COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Ronald A. Malt, Walter L. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The synthesis of nuclear precursors of rRNA and of cytoplasmic mRNA has been estimated in mouse kidneys following contralateral nephrectomy. 1. The production of nuclear rRNA parallels mitotic activity in the proximal tubule cells. Its peak is 2 days after nephrectomy; there may be a second peak at 8 days. 2. The production of mRNA is almost the reciprocal of rRNA production. It is least at 2 days and most at 4 days after nephrectomy. It may also decrease immediately after nephrectomy. 3. Growing kidney cells may build a store of ribosomes before they elaborate mRNA. The sequential relation between rRNA and mRNA synthesis raises the possibility that production of rRNA could regulate the production of mRNA and that the stimulus to compensatory hypertrophy might need to act only long enough to set into motion the machinery for making rRNA, either directly or as a consequence of exhausting mRNA.
Second National Burden of Disease Study South Africa: national and subnational mortality trends, 1997–2009
Authors: Victoria Pillay-van Wyk, William Msemburi, Ria Laubscher, Rob E Dorrington, Pam Groenewald, Richard Matzopoulos, Megan Prinsloo, Beatrice Nojilana, Nadine Nannan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Theo Vos, Nontuthuzelo Somdyala, Nomfuneko Sithole, Ian Neethling, Edward Nicol, Janetta Joubert, Anastasia Rossouw, Debbie Bradshaw
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Effect of Testosterone Enanthate and Alkylating Agents on Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Isadore Brodsky
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Testosterone enanthate was used in conjunction with uracil mustard or melphalan in the treatment of seven cases of multiple myeloma. With the administration of testosterone enanthate leukopenia was not as severe after a second identical course of chemotherapy. Two additional cases were treated with testosterone enanthate alone, and subjective improvement and a rise in hemoglobin concentration occurred. This study suggests that testosterone enanthate may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of multiple myeloma with alkylating agents.
Anatomy of a media backlash
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Since Labour promised to ban tobacco sponsorship the media have been full of tales of how sport will suffer. Douglas Carnall examines the coverage

The Labour party manifesto said: “Smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK. We will therefore ban tobacco advertising.” In the Queen's speech this manifesto commitment was reiterated. There then followed squawks of protest in the media, with comments from the directors of sporting events likely to be affected by the ban and representatives of the tobacco industry. This is immediately understandable once you think about conflict of interest–how dare the government intrude on the hitherto profitable relationship between newspaper proprietors and tobacco companies? Newspaper advertising sales are worth about £3.5bn a year. Losing the £50m of that which is spent on promoting tobacco is not disastrous, but 1% cuts do hurt–ask anyone in the NHS.

It is the recipients of the tobacco companies' spending on media that will suffer more than the tobacco companies; as Dominic Mills, the editorial director of Campaign magazine pointed out, the tobacco companies can divert their …
THE USE OF ANTIMONY AND POTASSIUM TARTRATE IN TRICHINOSIS
Authors: J. S. GROVE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

As yet the active treatment of trichinosis is unsatisfactory. It is realized that the prophylactic measure of complete cooking of pork and sausage is by far the most important method we have of preventing the disease; and yet, even in spite of such a well known measure, trichinosis continues to exist.  A review of the literature reveals that various methods of treatment are offered. In the early recognized cases a thorough evacuation of the gastro-intestinal canal is advised. Glycerin, because of its hygroscopic properties, has been recommended. Serum prepared from animals convalescing from the disease has been recommended (Salzer 1 and Hall and Wigdor 2 ). But various observers, including Schwartz, 3 were unable to show the efficacy of this line of attack. Aspidium, santonin and thymol have all been tried with indifferent results. Tyzzer and Honeij 4 attempted to destroy the trichinae by the use of the roentgen ray and