tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing Prescription Opioid Overdose
Authors: Christopher M. Jones, Peter Lurie, Janet Woodcock
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Granulomatous foreign-body reaction with facial dermal fillers after omalizumab treatment for severe persistent allergic asthma: a case report
Authors: A. Dammak, C. Taillé, E. Marinho, B. Crestani, B. Crickx, V. Descamps
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Madam, During the past few decades, an increasing number of soft‐tissue filler substances have been introduced to the beauty market worldwide for treating age wrinkles, correcting atrophic scars or small cutaneous defects, and cosmetically augmenting soft tissue of different parts of the body.1 Although these injectable fillers are considered safe, significant adverse reactions may occur.2 As was reported with interferon alfa, new immunomodulatory therapies used for inflammatory and allergic disease may produce a foreign‐body granulomatous reaction in patients injected with dermal fillers.3 We report on a case of a patient who had received hyaluronic acid (HA) and calcium hydroxylapatite injections and showed foreign‐body granulomatous reaction after omalizumab administration for severe persistent allergic asthma. A 50‐year‐old white woman with facial erythematous nodules was referred to our clinic. She had received treatment for adult‐onset severe allergic asthma with maximal inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast, but the asthma remained poorly controlled, with frequent exacerbations requiring monthly courses of oral steroids. A 16‐week trial treatment with omalizumab (300 mg subcutaneously per month) was started. The last short course of oral steroids for an exacerbation was stopped 10 days before the first administration of omalizumab.
Doctor who helped locate bin Laden family worked for the CIA
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US defence secretary, Leon Panetta, has confirmed that a doctor now in prison in Pakistan was working with the US Central Intelligence Agency on a fake vaccination campaign to help track down the whereabouts of Osama bin Laden.

Shikal Afridi had claimed to be running a hepatitis B vaccination campaign as a ruse to gain entry to the compound in Abbotabad where bin Laden was living. The aim was to obtain DNA samples from those inside the compound that could be matched with bin Laden family DNA already on file at the CIA.

US officials say that Dr Afridi gained access to the compound but did not see bin Laden or obtain any DNA samples. However, in an interview on CBS News, Mr Panetta, who was director of the CIA at the time, said …
A novel role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in angiotensin II–stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy
Authors: Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus, Michael J. Mann, Almut Ziegler, Heiko E. von der Leyen, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to stimulate either hypertrophy or hyperplasia. We postulated that the differential response of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to Ang II is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27(Kip1), which is abundant in quiescent cells and drops after serum stimulation. Ang II treatment (100 nM) of quiescent VSMCs led to upregulation of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1, Cdk2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Cdk1. p27(Kip1) levels, however, remained high, and the activation of the G1-phase Cdk2 was inhibited as the cells underwent hypertrophy. Overexpression of p27(Kip1) cDNA inhibited serum-stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation compared with control-transfected cells. This cell-cycle inhibition was associated with cellular hypertrophy, as reflected by an increase in the [(3)H]leucine/[(3)H]thymidine incorporation ratio and by an increase in forward-angle light scatter during flow cytometry at 48 hours after transfection. The role of p27(Kip1) in modulating the hypertrophic response of VSMCs to Ang II was further tested by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) inhibition of p27(Kip1) expression. Ang II stimulated an increase in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and the percentage of S-phase cells in antisense ODN-transfected cells but not in control ODN-transfected cells. We conclude that p27(Kip1) plays a role in mediating VSMC hypertrophy. Ang II stimulation of quiescent cells in which p27(Kip1) levels are high results in hypertrophy but promotes hyperplasia when levels of p27(Kip1) are low, as in the presence of other growth factors.
Pulmonary Angiothrombosis Caused by "Blue Velvet" Addiction
Authors: JAMES J. SZWED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A 34-year-old white male prisoner with a history of dyspnea admitted to intravenous self-injection of "blue-velvet"—dissolved tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine®) tablets with and without narcotics. Serial chest X rays suggested progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary function showed a restrictive type of disease pattern. Findings in cardiac catheterization were normal. Lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary angiothrombosis caused by talc granulomata.
Vasoconstrictor effects of platelet-activating factor in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation: dose-related relations and pathways of action.
Authors: P K Dillon, A B Ritter, W N Durán
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated as a potential mediator of inflammatory processes. In this study, we quantified the effects of PAF on vessel diameter in a microvascular bed and investigated the biochemical pathways of this compound. The hamster cheek pouch microcirculation was observed with intravital microscopy. Experiments were video-recorded and analyzed with an image shearing device. Vasoconstriction was the predominant vasomotor response to PAF. PAF (10(-10) -10(-5) M) was applied topically to the pouch for 3 minutes. Arterioles ranging in size from 8 to 15 micron were the most sensitive, and they constricted completely in response to PAF 10(-7) and 10(-5) M. Arterioles 21-40 micron in diameter constricted to 12-17% of control after PAF at 10(-7) and 10(-5) M, respectively; they reopened to about 70% of their control value after a few minutes and remained near that size throughout the experiment. Arterioles 41-60 micron in diameter constricted to about 20% control size in response to 10(-7) and 10(-5) M PAF, and by the end of the experiment, these vessels had returned to about 90% control size. To determine the pathways of PAF actions, inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade and receptor blockers were used. Dexamethasone, indomethacin, OKY-046 (a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor), and kadsurenone (a PAF-receptor blocker) blocked the vasoconstrictor response to PAF. Our experiments demonstrate that PAF-produced arteriolar constriction in a microvascular bed is 1) dose-related, 2) dependent upon vessel size, 3) largely due to thromboxane A2 activity, and 4) mediated by PAF-receptor interactions.
Storage of vaccines in the community: weak link in the cold chain?
Authors: Y. Thakker, S. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To assess quality of storage of vaccines in the community.Questionnaire survey of general practices and child health clinics, and monitoring of storage temperatures of selected refrigerators.Central Manchester and Bradford health districts.45 general practices and five child health clinics, of which 40 (80%) responded. Eight practices were selected for refrigeration monitoring.Adherence to Department of Health guidelines for vaccine storage, temperature range to which vaccines were exposed over two weeks.Of the 40 respondents, only 16 were aware of the appropriate storage conditions for the vaccines; eight had minimum and maximum thermometers but only one of these was monitored daily. In six of the eight practices selected for monitoring of refrigeration temperatures the vaccines were exposed to either subzero temperatures (three fridges) or temperatures up to 16 degrees C (three). Two of these were specialised drug storage refrigerators with an incorporated thermostat and external temperature gauges.Vaccines were exposed to temperatures that may reduce their potency. Safe storage of vaccines in the clinics cannot be ensured without adhering to the recommended guidelines. Provision of adequate equipment and training for staff in maintaining the "cold chain" and the use and care of equipment are important components of a successful immunisation programme.
Clinical competence and scientific audit
Authors: M. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Heroin users are at high risk of premature mortality. Despite the evidence supporting methadone maintenance programmes (MMT), methadone itself has been associated with drug-related deaths. This study aims to determine whether people prescribed methadone have an elevated risk of overdose mortality during periods of treatment transition, particularly during treatment initiation. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective cohort study of 3162 Scottish people prescribed and dispensed liquid methadone between January 1993 and February 2004. Observation time was defined as a period during methadone treatment or a period of maximum 6 months after leaving treatment. Individual observation time was censored after 6 months off-treatment. A person9s observation time started again if they re-entered treatment after an off-treatment period. The main outcome measure was drug-related mortality by means of Cox-proportional hazards models during the 12 years of follow-up. Drug-related deaths occurring during treatment or within 3 days after last methadone prescription were considered as cases “on treatment”. Fatalities occurring 4 days or more after leaving treatment were considered to be drug-related deaths “off treatment”. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 130 people died, with 51 deaths identified as drug-related deaths (20 off treatment and 31 in treatment). Risk of drug-related mortality was higher during treatment than off treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 11.17, 95% CI 4.51 to 27.64). Inspection of timing of death showed that the risk of drug-related mortality was higher during the initial two weeks of treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 16.93, 95% CI 5.17 to 55.46) compared to the risk of mortality off treatment. Similarly, retention in treatment for more than 3 weeks was associated with increased mortality relative to being off treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 9.97, 95% CI 4.08 to 24.39). In relation to risk of mortality during treatment, being in treatment for 3–10 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.85) or greater than 10 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio 0.13, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.39) was associated with a reduced risk of mortality compared to the initial two weeks on treatment. These effects were observed after adjusting for all or some of the following covariates; co-prescribing of benzodiazepines, psychiatric admission, number of methadone treatments, overuse of methadone and urine testing, where appropriate. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Excess mortality risk in the initial two weeks of methadone treatment indicates the need for more care in prescribing and monitoring of methadone when starting or restarting a patient on methadone maintenance therapy.
Giant Duodenal Diverticulum
Authors: SANJAY GUPTA, P. KAR, SAGAR RAJAGOPAL, RAMESH CHANDER, KISHAN SAWROOP, ASEEM BHATNAGAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 68-year-old woman with a long history of eructations was referred for hepatobiliary and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 3 years after cholecystectomy. Results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy showed large photopenic liver defects on initial images and filling with radioactivity subsequently, suggestive of Caroli’s disease or biliomas. MRCP corroborated in showing a large bile collection in the middle of the right lobe of the liver and surrounded by multiple collections. Later, a barium meal follow-through test revealed that these were parts of a large duodenal diverticulum branching out into the liver parenchyma.
Endothelin A Receptor/β-Arrestin Signaling to the Wnt Pathway Renders Ovarian Cancer Cells Resistant to Chemotherapy
Authors: Laura Rosanò, Roberta Cianfrocca, Piera Tocci, Francesca Spinella, Valeriana Di Castro, Valentina Caprara, Elisa Semprucci, Gabriella Ferrandina, Pier Giorgio Natali, Anna Bagnato
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is mainly caused by resistance to the available therapies. In EOC, the endothelin-1 (ET-1, EDN1)–endothelin A receptor (ETAR, EDNRA) signaling axis regulates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a chemoresistant phenotype. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about how ET-1 mediates drug resistance. Here, we define a novel bypass mechanism through which ETAR/β-arrestin-1 (β-arr1, ARRB1) links Wnt signaling to acquire chemoresistant and EMT phenotype. We found that ETAR/β-arr1 activity promoted nuclear complex with β-catenin and p300, resulting in histone acetylation, chromatin reorganization, and enhanced transcription of genes, such as ET-1, enhancing the network that sustains chemoresistance. Silencing of β-arr1 or pharmacologic treatment with the dual ETAR/ETBR antagonist macitentan prevented core complex formation and restored drug sensitivity, impairing the signaling pathways involved in cell survival, EMT, and invasion. In vivo macitentan treatment reduced tumor growth, vascularization, intravasation, and metastatic progression. The combination of macitentan and cisplatinum resulted in the potentiation of the cytotoxic effect, indicating that macitentan can enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Investigations in clinical specimens of chemoresistant EOC tissues confirmed increased recruitment of β-arr1 and β-catenin to ET-1 gene promoter. In these tissues, high expression of ETAR significantly associated with poor clinical outcome and chemoresistance. Collectively, our findings reveal the existence of a novel mechanism by which ETAR/β-arr1 signaling is integrated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to sustain chemoresistance in EOC, and they offer a solid rationale for clinical evaluation of macitentan in combination with chemotherapy to overcome chemoresistance in this setting. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7453–64. ©2014 AACR.
Unilateral Increased Radioactivity in the Lower Extremities on Routine 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Bone Imaging
Authors: RAJASHRI S. MANOLI, JAGMEET S. SOIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Unilateral increased activity in the lower extremities was noted in 5 patients who underwent routine 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone imaging for metastatic evaluation. In three patients a large pelvic mass or retroperitoneal hematoma was noted on the affected side. Clinical evidence of lymphatic obstruction was apparent in two cases with pelvic mass. In the fourth case, venous disease (thrombophlebitis) was noted and the fifth case showed osteomyelitis. The possible mechanism for this phenomenon may include obstruction of the lymphatic or venous circulation and inflammation. Other causes of soft tissue uptake of 99mTc-PYP are reviewed. The above mentioned conditions must be excluded when asymmetrical activity of 99mTc-PYP is seen on routine bone imaging.
SERUM LIPOIDS IN DIABETES
Authors: Evelyn B. Man, John P. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

Recently high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets have been widely advocated for diabetic patients (3,17,20,23,24,30,36,48,52).As arguments for this therapy it has been claimed that hypercholes- terolemia is of grave prognosis in diabetes and that high fat diets may superinduce hyperlipemia.The following investigation was undertaken to determine the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in diabetes, to study the relation of the cholesterol level to that of fatty acids and phospholipoids in blood serum, and also to learn whether diets mod- erately high in fat such as are used in this clinic give rise to hyperlipemia.TABLE I Serum Diet Case No-Blood In-, nuCmsbe r | Date l Lipoid phospho-Total sugar sulin Car-Cholesterol phos- lipoid fatty Protein Protein Fat bohyphorus fatty acids drate acidsmgm. per mgm.per m.eq.m. eq. per cent mgm.pcer units grams grams
Outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the NHLBI dynamic registry
Authors: Warren K. Laskey, Faith Selzer, Janet M. Johnston, Helen O. Vlachos, Alice Jacobs, David R. Holmes, John Douglas, Spencer B. King, Peter C. Block, Robert Wilensky, David O. Williams, Katherine Detre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Itraconazole oral solution for the treatment of tinea capitis
Authors: None Gupta, None Solomon, None Adam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Twenty-seven children (12 boys, 15 girls, age range 3-11 years, weight range 10-40 kg) were treated with itraconazole oral solution 10 mg/mL given as pulse therapy for tinea capitis. The dosage regimen was 3 mg/kg per day given once daily in a fasting state with each pulse lasting 1 week. The first two pulses were separated by a 2-week off-drug period, and the second and third pulses had a 3-week period without drug between them. For each patient a second and third pulse were administered if there was clinical evidence of tinea capitis at the time-point when the next pulse was due. The overall severity of tinea capitis at pretherapy was classified as mild, moderate or severe with the aetiology being: Trichophyton tonsurans, 24 patients; T. violaceum, two patients and Microsporum canis, one patient. In 19 evaluable patients, 12 weeks after starting therapy, the numbers of pulses of itraconazole oral solution required to produce complete cure were, according to the severity of disease, mild tinea capitis (one pulse: four patients; two pulses: five), moderate disease (one pulse: two patients; two pulses: two; three pulses: two), and severe disease (three pulses: three patients). One patient with moderate severity tinea capitis was clinically clear after three pulses of therapy but mycological examination was positive. Seven patients were lost to follow-up and one discontinued therapy because of nausea. Itraconazole oral solution 3 mg/kg per day was generally well tolerated. Three children developed gastrointestinal adverse effects which were considered to be minor or 'nuisance' effects. The data from this preliminary report need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients. It remains to be seen whether itraconazole oral solution will become a practical alternative to the antifungal agents available in a liquid preparation for the treatment of tinea capitis.
TREATMENT OF "GUNSHOT WOUNDS" OF THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: H. M. W. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1915)

THIS paper is written in order to draw attention to certain points whiclh hiave been demonstrated by tlle sutrgeons of tlle Britislh base lhospitals in my area-tliat-is, all soutlh of Abbeville-to be of immiiense imiiportance.In the earlier part of tlle war the results of the treatment of sucll injuries left a great deal to be desired.The great majority of sucli cases as recovered did so witlh ankylosis.Tile
Comparison of AAV Serotypes for Gene Delivery to Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Matthew RJ Mason, Erich ME Ehlert, Ruben Eggers, Chris W Pool, Stephan Hermening, Angelina Huseinovic, Eric Timmermans, Bas Blits, Joost Verhaagen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

For many experiments in the study of the peripheral nervous system, it would be useful to genetically manipulate primary sensory neurons. We have compared vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, and lentivirus (LV), all expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), for efficiency of transduction of sensory neurons, expression level, cellular tropism, and persistence of transgene expression following direct injection into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), using histological quantification and qPCR. Two weeks after injection, AAV1, AAV5, and AAV6 had transduced the most neurons. The time course of GFP expression from these three vectors was studied from 1 to 12 weeks after injection. AAV5 was the most effective serotype overall, followed by AAV1. Both these serotypes showed increasing neuronal transduction rates at later time points, with some injections of AAV5 yielding over 90% of DRG neurons GFP+ at 12 weeks. AAV6 performed well initially, but transduction rates declined dramatically between 4 and 12 weeks. AAV1 and AAV5 both transduced large-diameter neurons, IB4+ neurons, and CGRP+ neurons. In conclusion, AAV5 is a highly effective gene therapy vector for primary sensory neurons following direct injection into the DRG. For many experiments in the study of the peripheral nervous system, it would be useful to genetically manipulate primary sensory neurons. We have compared vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, and lentivirus (LV), all expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), for efficiency of transduction of sensory neurons, expression level, cellular tropism, and persistence of transgene expression following direct injection into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), using histological quantification and qPCR. Two weeks after injection, AAV1, AAV5, and AAV6 had transduced the most neurons. The time course of GFP expression from these three vectors was studied from 1 to 12 weeks after injection. AAV5 was the most effective serotype overall, followed by AAV1. Both these serotypes showed increasing neuronal transduction rates at later time points, with some injections of AAV5 yielding over 90% of DRG neurons GFP+ at 12 weeks. AAV6 performed well initially, but transduction rates declined dramatically between 4 and 12 weeks. AAV1 and AAV5 both transduced large-diameter neurons, IB4+ neurons, and CGRP+ neurons. In conclusion, AAV5 is a highly effective gene therapy vector for primary sensory neurons following direct injection into the DRG.
Notes of a Case of Hepatic Abscess
Authors: J. Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1884)

Thd patient became worse; incontinence increased.On February 14th, therefore, I gave two minims of carbolic acid thrice a day in Water.In four days, the urine was quite clesr for the first tinie during the last three months.The incontinence ceased; but, the urine being smoky, and pains in the stomach occurring, I stopped the carbolic acid, and gave quinine and iron.March 4th,.The urine was again milky.' March 14th.There was an inflammatory redness and swelliing in
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF BASELINE CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING MEASURES OF LEFT VENTRICULAR GEOMETRY AND FUNCTION IN 366 PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: RESULTS FROM NIH SPONSORED STICH TRIAL
Authors: Ramdas G. Pai, Gerald Pohost, Padmini Varadarajan, Stematios Lerakis, Subha Raman, Krzysztof Golba, Higgins Robert, Yeow Leng Chua, Harvey White, Lars Gullestad, Jae Oh, George Sopko, Jean Rouleau, Amanda Stebbins, Hussein Al-Khalidi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)