tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of aspirin on pruritus.
Authors: B M Daly, S Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The effect of 900 mg aspirin on persistent itch from chronic dermatoses other than urticaria (eight patients) and other causes (five patients) was measured subjectively using a 10 cm line and objectively as nocturnal scratch using limb meters. There was no change in itch or scratch and it is concluded that aspirin neither affects itch centrally by a pain related mechanism nor affects itch physiologically by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition in the skin.
Frequent Endonuclease Cleavage at Off-target Locations In Vivo
Authors: Lisa M Petek, David W Russell, Daniel G Miller
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Target-site DNA breaks increase recombination frequencies, however, the specificity of the enzymes used to create them remains poorly defined. The location and frequency of off-target cleavage events are especially important when rare-cutting endonucleases are used in clinical settings. Here, we identify noncanonical cleavage sites of I-SceI that are frequently cut in the human genome by localizing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-chromosome junctions, demonstrating the importance of in vivo characterization of enzyme cleavage specificity.
Evidence lacking for memory clinics to tackle dementia, say critics
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Critics have questioned the ethics of carrying out screening for dementia, part of the work proposed for a new network of memory clinics in England and Wales, when evidence of the effectiveness of current drugs for the disease is limited.

Iain Chalmers, editor of the James Lind Library and formerly of the Cochrane Collaboration, speaking at a Lancet conference in London last week, said that he was sceptical about the clinics.

“People ask why NICE [the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence] is limiting access …
Unusual Complications in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis.
Authors: Richard M. Freeman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Unusual Complications in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis.Richard M. Freeman, M.D., Richard L. Lawton, M.D., Margery O. Fearing, R.N.Richard M. Freeman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard L. Lawton, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Margery O. Fearing, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1049_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince August 1964, 21 patients have been admitted to the Renal Dialysis Center, VA Hospital, Iowa City. Four patients have died, 3 during the first year of the program. Three patients have been transferred elsewhere for renal transplantation. Of the remaining 14, 9 are fully rehabilitated, while in 5, rehabilitation has been incomplete due to a combination of medical and social factors. With twice weekly, 12-hr treatment on the modified Kiil dialyzer, predialysis serum creatinine has averaged 15 mg/100 ml (10.4 to 20.7) and predialysis blood urea nitrogen, 79 mg/100 ml (60 to 106).Three unusual clinical problems have occurred... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Iowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1049-1050KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCreatinineMedical dialysisRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Vertebral Venous System
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Reports of two cases, in<i>JAMA</i>and in the<i>Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</i>, respectively, present unusual phenomena that merit readers' attention.<sup>1</sup>In the first case, Ashby and Dappen (p 2519) were interested principally in the extraordinary rarity of any patellar neoplastic disease, whether benign or malignant, or primary or secondary. Only 15 cases of metastasis to the patella had been described in the literature before the authors added the 16th. In the second report, Krumerman and Katatikarn dwelled on the infrequency of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in adults and on the manner of the tumor's intraepidermal migration. Incidentally, the neoplasm had also spread to the pelvic bones and lumbar vertebrae. Understandably, neither case report included discussion of the route by which the respective neoplasms arrived at the involved bones; such discussion was not germane to the authors' prime purposes. Yet, the facts of metastasis deserve editorial comment if for
IDENTIFICATION OF A PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH EPIZOOTICS OF MOUSE TYPHOID
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A bacillus of the paratypnoid-enteritidis group associated with epizootics among laboratory mice has been identified with Bacillus festis caviae Smith which produces similar affections in guinea pigs and has been very closely related to the type "mutton" aertrycke strain of Schütze. This identification is based upon the cultural reactions of the organism, direct and cross-agglutinations, and similar absorptive capacities of the unknown and type strains.
Daily Requirement of Oxygen to Reverse Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: R. D. Stark, P. Finnegan, J. M. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1972)

We have shown previously in patients with chronic bronchitis that correction of the hypoxaemia by continuous administration of oxygen substantially reduced the pulmonary hypertension by reversal of structural changes in the pulmonary resistance vessels. We have now demonstrated that such improvements may occur with less than continuous oxygen. Treatment with oxygen for 18 hours daily significantly decreased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Oxygen therapy for 15 hours a day also decreased pulmonary vascular resistance; such a regimen is practicable in the home, is consistent with a working day free from the constraints of an oxygen supply, and should reduce the number of episodes of congestive cardiac failure.
Robert Frederick Mahler
Authors: R. Himsworth
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Medical researcher who pioneered the controlled clinical trial as a gold standard and who demonstrated the efficacy of streptomycin as a treatment for tuberculosisIn a long career-he lived to 106 and worked until he was 102-Philip D'Arcy Hart showed that pneumoconiosis was an industrial disease for which sufferers should receive compensation.In a landmark controlled clinical trial with Sir Austin Bradford Hill, Hart showed that streptomycin, then newly discovered, cured tuberculosis.In 1965 he was made a CBE for this work.He did other major epidemiology, retired at 65, and spent the next 37 years making fundamental advances on the pathogenesis of tubercle bacilli.
Exercise Myocardial Perfusion SPECT in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rory Hachamovitch, Daniel S. Berman, Hosen Kiat, Ishac Cohen, J. Arthur Cabico, John Friedman, George A. Diamond
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We evaluated the incremental prognostic value, the role in risk stratification, and the impact on patient management of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a population of patients without prior myocardial infarction, catheterization, or revascularization. Methods and Results We examined 2200 consecutive patients who at the time of their dual-isotope SPECT had not undergone catheterization, coronary artery bypass surgery, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and had no known history of previous myocardial infarction. Follow-up was performed at a mean of 566±142 days (97% complete) for hard events (cardiac death and myocardial infarction) and for referral to cardiac catheterization or revascularization within 60 days after nuclear testing. Examination of clinical, exercise, and nuclear models by use of pre–exercise tolerance test (ETT), post-ETT, and nuclear information using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that nuclear testing added incremental prognostic value after inclusion of the most predictive clinical and exercise variables (global χ 2 =12 for clinical variables; 31 for clinical+exercise variables; 169 for nuclear variables; gain in χ 2 , P &lt;.0001 for all; receiver-operating characteristic areas: 0.66±0.04 for clinical, 0.73±0.04 for clinical+ exercise variables, 0.87±0.03 for nuclear variables, P =.03 for gain in area with exercise variables; P &lt;.001 for increase with nuclear variables). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that scan information contributed 95% of the information regarding referral to catheterization with further additional information provided by presenting symptoms and exercise-induced ischemia. Referral rates to early catheterization and revascularization paralleled the hard event rates in all scan categories−very low referral rates in patients with normal scans and significant increases in referral rates as a function of worsening scan results. Even after stratification by clinical and exercise variables such as the Duke treadmill score, pre- and post-ETT likelihood of coronary artery disease, presenting symptoms, sex, and age, the nuclear scan results further risk-stratified the patient subgroups, thus demonstrating clinical incremental value. Conclusions In a patient population with no evidence of previous coronary artery disease at overall low risk (1.8% hard event rate), myocardial perfusion SPECT adds incremental prognostic information and risk-stratifies patients even after clinical and exercise information is known. It appears that referring physicians use this test in an appropriate manner in selecting patients to be referred to catheterization or revascularization.
Methadone Maintenance 4 Decades Later
Authors: Herbert D. Kleber
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Twenty-two male patients, addicted to heroin 9.5 years (median), were stabilized using oral methadone hydrochloride and then observed for approximately 1 to 15 months (median, 3 months). The medication had 2 main effects: (1) relief of narcotic hunger (craving); and (2) induction of sufficient tolerance to block the average illegal dose of heroin.A combination of the methadone treatment and a comprehensive program of rehabilitation was associated with marked improvement in patient problems such as jobs, returning to school, and family reconciliation. No adverse effect other than constipation was found.The authors note that “careful medical supervision and many social services” were necessary and stressed that “both the medication and supporting program were essential.” The small size of the group studied and short duration of the follow-up would best describe this as a promising and exciting but preliminary report.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
What is adequate and appropriate pain treatment?
Authors: S. R. Brenner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Regarding the recent Editorial by Dr Hill about adequate treatment of pain, 1 in my experience physicians are not unwilling to prescribe opioids for pain relief. Rather, in treating patients with back pain, headaches, and other pain syndromes, I have often found that patients have received large doses of narcotics on a chronic basis, while nonnarcotic means of pain relief have not been fully used, in spite of the poor response patients with many of these conditions have to narcotics.  On the other hand, physicians may be hesitant to prescribe narcotics for chronic pain syndromes since physicians have lost their licenses because they were easy marks. 2 Drugseeking patients feign illnesses and may become quite angry if denied medication. 2 Diversion of prescription drugs into the illegal drug market is a major problem in the United States and Canada, with about 15% of all prescription drugs dispensed
Selective Activation of Nuclear Phospholipase D-1 by G Protein–Coupled Receptor Agonists in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Stéphanie Gayral, Paul Déléris, Karine Laulagnier, Muriel Laffargue, Jean-Pierre Salles, Bertrand Perret, Michel Record, Monique Breton-Douillon
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Recent studies highlight the existence of an autonomous nuclear lipid metabolism related to cellular proliferation. However, the importance of nuclear phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism is poorly understood. Therefore, we were interested in nuclear PCs as a source of second messengers and, particularly, nuclear phospholipase D (PLD) identification in membrane-free nuclei isolated from pig aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using immunoblot experiment, in vitro PLD assay with fluorescent substrate and confocal microscopy analysis, we demonstrated that only PLD1 is expressed in VSMC nucleus, whereas PLD1 and PLD2 are present in VSMC. Inhibition of RhoA and protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) by C3-exoenzyme and PKCzeta pseudosubstrate inhibitor, respectively, conducted a decrease of phosphatidylethanol production. On the other hand, treatment of intact VSMCs, but not nuclei, with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors prevented partially nuclear PLD1 activity, indicating for the first time that PI3K may have a role in nuclear PLD regulation. In addition, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or angiotensin II treatment of VSMCs resulted in an increase of intranuclear PLD activity, whereas platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor have no significant effect. Moreover, pertussis toxin induced a decrease of LPA-stimulated nuclear PLD1 activity, suggesting that heterotrimeric G(i)/G(0) protein involvement in intranuclear PLD1 regulation. We also show that LPA-induced nuclear PLD1 activation implied PI3K/PKCzeta pathway activation and PKCzeta nuclear translocation as well as nuclear RhoA activation. Thus, the characterization of an endogenous PLD1 that could regulate PC metabolism inside VSMC nucleus provides a new role for this enzyme in control of vascular fibroproliferative disorders.
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas
Authors: P A Bunn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome, together known as the cutaneous T cell lymphomas,1,2 are low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a mature helper T cell phenotype and monoclonal rearrangements of the T cell receptor genes. They should not be confused with intermediate and high grade non -Hodgkin's lymphomas of T cell origin affecting the skin - which, confusingly, are also sometimes referred to as cutaneous T cell lymphomas. In the United States there are between 500 and 1000 new cases a year - compared with 49 000 new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma3 - and their incidence is increasing.

The aetiology of mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome is unknown, though several putative retroviruses and environmental factors have been implicated.1,2 There are also many difficulties in determining treatment because many reviews of published studies do not use a standard staging classification, although a TNM and blood based staging system has been widely adopted in recent years4; many studies do not use standard response criteria and have too few patients to draw meaningful conclusions; and there are few randomised studies comparing different approaches to treatment.

Nearly all patients have symptoms from their skin lesions, which may itch and cause pain, infection, bleeding, or disfigurement. Topical treatments, both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are therefore the mainstay of treatment.

Radiotherapy was shown to clear the cutaneous lesions in the …
A new method for estimating left ventricular dP/dt by continuous wave Doppler-echocardiography. Validation studies at cardiac catheterization.
Authors: G S Bargiggia, C Bertucci, F Recusani, A Raisaro, S de Servi, L M Valdes-Cruz, D J Sahn, L Tronconi
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In this study, we explored the use of continuous wave Doppler-echocardiography guided by color Doppler flow-mapping as a method for noninvasively calculating the rate of pressure rise (RPR) in the left ventricle. Continuous wave Doppler determination of the velocities in mitral regurgitant jets allows calculation of instantaneous pressure gradients between the left ventricle and the left atrium. Left atrial pressure variations in early systole can be considered negligible; therefore, the rising segment of the mitral regurgitation velocity curve should reflect left ventricular pressure increase. We studied 50 patients (mean age, 51 years; range, 25-66 years) in normal sinus rhythm with color Doppler-proven mitral regurgitation and compared the Doppler-derived left ventricular RPR with peak dP/dt obtained at cardiac catheterization. Doppler studies were performed simultaneously with cardiac catheterization in 11 patients and immediately before in the remaining cases. Two points were arbitrarily selected on the steepest rising segment of the continuous wave mitral regurgitation velocity curve (point A, 1 m/sec, point B, 3 m/sec), and the time interval (t) between them was measured. Following the Bernoulli relation, the pressure rise between points A and B is 32 mm Hg (4vB2-4vA2) and the RPR is 32 mm Hg/t. Results showed a linear correlation between the Doppler RPR and peak dP/dt (r = 0.87, SEE = 316 mm Hg/sec). The RPR in the left ventricle can be derived from the continuous wave Doppler mitral regurgitation velocity curve.
A new dictionary
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The new<i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>will probably satisfy more needs than any other one-volume dictionary in English. We cannot, of course, call it the "best," for such a term is entirely relative. Best for what? Under what circumstances? In any comparison we must first ask, What needs must be met, what values and criteria employed? As these vary, so too will our view of the "best." If we ask, What needs must a dictionary fulfil? we immediately find contradictions. Some persons want above all a handy volume, compact and easily consulted, but others want completeness, with listing of all or almost all English words. Quite obviously, a dictionary, if complete, must be bulky. Fine print can reduce the bulk somewhat but only at the cost of other values. Hence, we must decide how much compromise we want —how much completeness we will give up for the sake of handiness. Then,
Appearance of Intrathymic Parathyroid Adenomas on Pinhole Sestamibi Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: Sang Yoon Oh, Susanne Kim, Yasser Eskandar, Dong Wook Kim, Borys R. Krynyckyi, Josef Machac, William B. Inabnet, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Ectopic inferior parathyroid adenomas (PAs) are frequently located in the anterior mediastinum, quite often in the thymus gland. Correct preoperative localization is particularly helpful for surgical planning. Clinical follow up has shown that most intrathymic adenomas were visualized on pinhole views and located closer to the thyroid than expected. We reviewed the typical appearance of intrathymic PA on pinhole views.We retrospectively reviewed sestamibi pinhole parathyroid imaging performed on 163 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and final diagnoses established by surgery, histology, intraoperative PTH monitoring, and clinical follow up. Studies showing focal increased activity in the lower pole region of the thyroid were selected and divided into 2 groups, group A (foci that are visually not separable from the thyroid) and group B (foci that are completely separated from the thyroid), and correlated with the final diagnoses.Of the 163 patients, 102 had 103 clearly abnormal foci in the lower pole region (bilateral lower pole foci in one study). There were 93 foci in group A and 10 foci in group B. Of the 93 foci in group A, there were 80 normally situated inferior PA, 6 descended superior PA, 3 intrathyroidal PA, one hyperplastic parathyroid gland, one thyroid adenoma, one unidentified, and one intrathymic PA. Of the 10 foci in group B, 3 were eutopic inferior PA and 7 were intrathymic PA.Focal increased activity completely separated from the lower pole of thyroid (regardless of the distance of separation) on sestamibi pinhole images indicates a high probability of intrathymic parathyroid adenoma.
Abstract IA19: New therapeutic strategies for lymphomas inspired by functional and structural genomics
Authors: Louis M. Staudt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Seeking an unbiased method to discover therapeutic targets in cancer, we developed a loss-of-function genetic screen using genomic-scale libraries of small hairpin RNAs that mediate RNA interference. These “Achilles heel” screens are designed to reveal genes essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. In a parallel structural genomics approach, we are using RNA-seq to globally identify somatic mutations and other structural abnormalities in cancer. RNA-seq also provides an unprecedented view of gene expression that provides more accurate quantitative data than traditional microarray approaches. The intersection of the RNA interference and RNA-seq data sets has helped us to discover novel pathogenetic pathways that control the proliferation and survival of the aggressive lymphoma subtypes. The malignant phenotype is seen as an aberrant regulatory network that includes oncogene-induced microRNAs, deregulated transcription factors and aberrant signaling from cell surface receptors. This view suggests several therapeutic opportunities using targeted agents that might initially augment and eventually supplant the more toxic chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat these cancers today. Citation Format: Louis M. Staudt. New therapeutic strategies for lymphomas inspired by functional and structural genomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies 14 new susceptibility loci for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Anne Hinks, Joanna Cobb, Miranda C Marion, Sampath Prahalad, Marc Sudman, John Bowes, Paul Martin, Mary E Comeau, Satria Sajuthi, Robert Andrews, Milton Brown, Wei-Min Chen, Patrick Concannon, Panos Deloukas, Sarah Edkins, Stephen Eyre, Patrick M Gaffney, Stephen L Guthery, Joel M Guthridge, Sarah E Hunt, Judith A James, Mehdi Keddache, Kathy L Moser, Peter A Nigrovic, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Mitchell L Onslow, Carlos D Rosé, Stephen S Rich, Kathryn J A Steel, Edward K Wakeland, Carol A Wallace, Lucy R Wedderburn, Patricia Woo, John F Bohnsack, Johannes Peter Haas, David N Glass, Carl D Langefeld, Wendy Thomson, Susan D Thompson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
The Future of the VA
Authors: James A. Pittman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the veterans of the armed forces of this country, we owe the very existence of the United States as a nation, independent of domination by governments of Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, or others external to ours. It is impossible today to recapture the feeling of gratitude that pervaded this country immediately after most wars, especially World War II. In that atmosphere, President Truman signed Public Law 293 on January 3, 1946, less than 6 months after the war's end—"an act to establish a Department of Medicine and Surgery in the Veterans Administration."<sup>1,2</sup>The VA had existed long before 1946. The history of special care for veterans reaches far back into the mists of ancient times, but Adkins traces care given veterans by the American government to 1593, when the British Parliament passed an "Acte for the Relief of Souldiours" for those who had defended against the Spanish