tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Admission for depression among men in Scotland, 1980-95: retrospective study
Authors: P. M Shajahan, J. T O Cavanagh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

hours has been recognised. 3 Although rare, clinicians should be aware that an intracerebral haemorrhage may cause a transient neurological deficit.To start antiplatelet drugs before having the results of computed tomography may be illogical in such cases although I know of no reports of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage becoming worse clinically after receiving aspirin.A computed tomogram should, however, be mandatory before starting anticoagulant treatment in any patient with features of transient ischaemic attack.It is also rational management to arrange computed tomography early in patients who have started antiplatelet treatment as features of an intracerebral haemorrhage may not be apparent on a late scan.Thus if patients with transient focal neurological symptoms are to be treated appropriately they should have computed tomography soon after the onset of symptoms.
Resurfacing the back of the hand as treatment and prevention of multiple skin cancers in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: E.J. van Zuuren, A.N. Posma, R.E.M. Scholtens, B.J. Vermeer, F.J. van der Woude, J.N. Bouwes Bavinck
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)
Current Status of Patient Education
Authors: Donnell D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Today we are experiencing rapid changes in the health care field. The primary reasons for these alterations are a rapid accumulation of new knowledge, advancing technology, and an overwhelming demand for health care. Within this revolution, there is also a change in the prevalence of diseases and in the methods of treatment. At the turn of the century, acute infectious diseases were the leading cause of death in the United States. By 1970, only one infectious disease ranked among the top ten killers. Thus, the kind of medical care most needed is being shifted away from the treatment of acute disease and crisis situations and diverted to health maintenance and the control of chronic disease. Unfortunately, most physicians have been attracted to and primarily trained in the management of acute conditions. Such care does provide stimulation and excitement; a feeling of immediate satisfaction and fulfillment and also considerable financial compensation.
THE REMOTE EFFECTS OF FŒTAL BRAIN INJURY IN LABOR; OR, WHY WE ARE RIGHT-HANDED.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: F. W. GOODALL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

We are right-handed because of injury of the motor centres of the right side of the fœtal brain in labor. The manner of receiving this injury, and something of its nature, constitute the subject of this paper. Some may take exceptions to my premises, and assert that the causes which determine the position of the fœtus "at term," are the primary causes of right-handedness. This I decline to discuss. Much might be said concerning the bones, diameters, planes and outlet of the female pelvis, in introducing my subject. All these points I pass over, and pause only to say that the contour of the parts, or the natural structure and relations of the various bones and organs pertaining to the female pelvis, in connection with the physical character of the fœtus, determines in a mechanical way how it shall present at delivery, and the presentation determines what motor centres, if
"BACTERIAL AUTO-AGGRESSINS"
Authors: N. W. Larkum
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial comment on bacterial auto-aggressins (The Journal, January 25, p. 269) contains statements which create impressions that may be challenged. "The metaphor that the lytic principle responsible for the d'Herelle phenomenon is a living... virus... parasitic on bacteria has been<i>popularly</i>mistaken as proof of the existence of a new submicroscopic order of inframicrobic life" is the first statement made. Bacteriophage can scarcely be considered a matter of common knowledge. Much less has the average layman (or physician either) information concerning or interest in the nature of bacteriophage. Further, among those to whom bacteriophage is a vital subject the virus concept is anything but popular. Again, the term popular occurs in referring to the fact that the autolytic nature of the bacteriophage has escaped popular attention. This statement, however, is true, my only criticism being that it is not surprising since any theory of the nature
Polymorphonuclear function in Behcet's syndrome.
Authors: J N Fordham, P G Davies, A Kirk, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Three aspects of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function were studied in 19 patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS). By 2 different techniques directed motility was found to be increased. This increase was largely due to the subgroup of patients with ocular involvement. Counts of absolute numbers of cells migrating highlighted this finding. No difference was found in the phagocytic or adherent properties of PMN in Behçet's syndrome. Increased PMN motility in Behçet's syndrome may contribute to the expression of the syndrome. It remains to be tested whether altered PMN motility in this syndrome is genetically linked.
Appraisal: the catalyst of personal development
Authors: M. Conlon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<i>Appraisal of NHS consultants has been running for two years, and most general practitioners will have their first appraisal this year. If done properly, the process should enhance personal development and learning, but links with revalidation have led to fears about it being used only for assessment. The challenge is to produce a valued appraisal system that ultimately improves patient care</i>
Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Howard B. Slavin, Eric L. Alling, E. Henry Keutmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A GAMMAGLOBULINEMIA was first described by Bruton,1 who presented details of a single case. Shortly afterward information concerning 2 more cases was reported by Bruton and his associates.2 The case reported below is of interest because it was postulated as one of defective antibody formation in 1941 and recognized as what is now usually called agammaglobulinemia in 1942.Clinical CourseA 13-year-old boy was first seen in January, 1927, in the Pediatric Out-Patient Department of the Strong Memorial Hospital. His chief complaint was lassitude. In the past he had had many sore throats—perhaps an inkling of lack of resistance to . . .
HTLV-III Transmission
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It comes as a relief to all and a surprise to almost none that nosocomial human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection is rare. Although the virus has been isolated from fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, and tears, the careful study by Weiss and colleagues<sup>1</sup>suggests that for health care workers exposed on a regular basis to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their secretions, the risk of infection was very low. For persons with parenteral exposure to these patients the risk was also low, but was demonstrably present. From the concern being voiced in many circles today, one might have assumed that HTLV-III is airborne. It isn't. It's transmitted much like hepatitis B, and similar precautions for preventing transmission should be successful. The virus itself is far from indestructible. It is inactivated by high and low pH and by exposure to a temperature of
Consensus review of the epidemiology and appropriate antimicrobial therapy of complicated urinary tract infections in Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Po-Ren Hsueh, Daryl J. Hoban, Yehuda Carmeli, Shey-Ying Chen, Sunita Desikan, Marissa Alejandria, Wen-Chien Ko, Tran Quang Binh
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Abstract 3870: Overexpression of SPARC represses MMP-9 mediated metastasis in neuroblastoma.
Authors: Kiran Kumar Velpula, Bharathi Gorantla, Swapna Asuthkar, Arnima Bhasin, Venkateswara Rao Gogineni, Chandramu Chetty, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric solid tumor and arises from defective neural crest cells. NB is characterized by local invasion and metastasis, which is partly regulated by the proteins matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). Although the pleiotropic anti-cancer role of SPARC and its effect on metastasis has been shown in a variety of cancers, the mechanism by which it acts is not very clear. In the present study, we found that the overexpression of SPARC in NB-1649 and SK-AS cell lines downregulated MMP-9 protein and inhibited the expression of other metastasis promoting molecules such as N-cadherin, β-Catenin and FAK. Moreover, SPARC overexpression significantly suppressed MMP-9-mediated migration, invasion and proliferation of NB cells. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry analysis of 36 human NB paraffin-embedded specimens showed that higher expression of MMP-9 was associated with lower levels SPARC. All these data suggest that SPARC and MMP-9 negatively associate to regulate the various stages of tumor progression. Furthermore, computational docking studies showed the existence of structural and physical interaction between SPARC and MMP-9 proteins. This SPARC-MMP-9 interaction was validated by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry analysis in NB-1649 and SK-AS cells. Consistent with the above results, we observed a similar MMP-9-SPARC interaction in intracranial NB tumors of mice and found that the expression of MMP-9 was higher in control mice when compared to SPARC-treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the role of SPARC in negative regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-9-mediated migration, invasion and metastasis of NB cells. Citation Format: Kiran Kumar Velpula, Bharathi Gorantla, Swapna Asuthkar, Arnima Bhasin, Venkateswara Rao Gogineni, Chandramu Chetty, Jasti S. Rao. Overexpression of SPARC represses MMP-9 mediated metastasis in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3870. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3870
Genetics in Medical Practice
Authors: Robert A. Goyer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The publication of this book followed a seminar on Genetics in Medical Practice held during the Centennial Celebration at Howard University. Most of the contributors are authoritative figures in various aspects of clinical genetics and Bartalos has collated their presentations into this small volume. A commendable aspect is the completeness with which the subject of clinical genetics is covered while at the same time avoiding unnecessary complexity. Dr. Bartalos introduces the volume with a broad view of genetic factors in disease. The nature of present-day medical practice requires that the physician understand certain basic principles in genetics. The first part of the book reviews basic concepts of genetics in the etiology of disease. Consideration is given to mendalian inheritance, the biochemical basis of genetics, and phenotypic expression of genetic diseases. The second portion contains brief chapters on cytogenetics, procedures to diagnose genetic disease, and genetic counseling. The subjects reviewed in
ADDENDUM TO "VIA PADUA"
Authors: Lemuel C. McGee
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The editorial "Via Padua" (The Journal, March 26, 1960) appeared a lure for the historically minded. Indubitably "Padua claims the lion's share of medieval and Renaissance heritage, particularly in the evolution of medicine and anatomy." It was at the University of Padua, as Professor Primarius in Medicine, that Bernardini Ramazzini ended a fruitful career. He wrote the first comprehensive textbook on occupational disease and thereby qualifies as the "Father of Industrial Medicine." Originally practicing in Modena, Ramazzini made a reputation through his controversies and correspondence with other physicians on exceptional cases which came to his attention. A dissertation on an epidemic of tertian malaria in 1690, dedicated to a Florentine librarian, Magliabecchi, appears to have been the basis for Ramazzini's election in 1691 to the Viennese Academy of the Curiosi Naturae and investment with the title of "Hippocrates III" (the Curiosi named and numbered their members on admission to membership).
Long-term parenteral exposure to mercury in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Authors: M R Haeney, G F Carter, W B Yeoman, R A Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia commonly receive regular long-term replacement therapy with a concentrate of pooled normal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing an organic mercury compound (thiomersal) as a preservative. In 26 such patients the total estimated mercury dosage received ranged from 4 to 734 mg (mean 157 mg) over treatment periods of six months to 17 years (mean 6.5 years). Nineteen patients (73%) had raised urine mercury concentrations, but no correlation was found between urine mercury and the age of the patient, the IgG dose, or the duration of treatment. Urine mercury concentrations are often used to control exposure and evaluate risks in exposed subjects. Hence most patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia are theoretically at risk from mercury exposure, although no clinical evidence of toxicity is yet apparent.
Association of Aspirin Resistance With Increased Stroke Severity and Infarct Size
Authors: Amy S. Y. Zheng, Leonid Churilov, Ruth E. Colley, Christine Goh, Stephen M. Davis, Bernard Yan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

To investigate the relationship between aspirin resistance and clinical and neuroimaging measures of stroke severity in acute stroke patients.Prospective single-center survey of acute ischemic stroke patients receiving aspirin therapy.The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.Ninety acute stroke patients who previously received aspirin therapy were enrolled.Clinical stroke severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke infarct size was measured using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Aspirin resistance was measured using the VerifyNow system.The mean (SD) age was 75 (9.9) years and 64.4% were male. The median NIHSS score and ASPECTS were 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3-10) and 9 (IQR, 6-10), respectively. Aspirin resistance was detected in 28.9% (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.38) of all patients. The median aspirin reaction unit (ARU) was 486.0 (IQR, 432.3-557.0). Every 1-point increase in ARU was associated with a 0.03-point increase in NIHSS score (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P<.001) and a 0.02-point decrease in ASPECTS (95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01; P<.001). This corresponded to an approximate median increase of 1 point in NIHSS score for every 33-point increase in ARU or a decrease of 1 point in ASPECTS for every 50-point increase in ARU.Aspirin resistance is associated with increased clinical severity and stroke infarct volume in acute stroke patients. Our results support the need for a randomized controlled study to investigate alternative antiplatelet therapy in patients with aspirin resistance.
Processing is shaped by multiple tasks: There is more to rules and similarity than Rules-to-Similarity
Authors: Gary Lupyan, Gautam Vallabha
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We argue that the Rules-Similarity continuum is only a useful formalism for particular, isolated tasks and must rest on the assumption that representations formed during a particular task are independent of other tasks. We show this to be an unrealistic conjecture. We additionally point out that describing categorization as selective weighing and abstracting of features misses the important step of discovering what the possible features are.
Fatal Myositis Due to the Microsporidian<i>Brachiola algerae,</i>a Mosquito Pathogen
Authors: Christina M. Coyle, Louis M. Weiss, Luther V. Rhodes, Ann Cali, Peter M. Takvorian, Daniel F. Brown, Govinda S. Visvesvara, Lihua Xiao, Jaan Naktin, Eric Young, Marcelo Gareca, Georgia Colasante, Murray Wittner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A woman with diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis died from complications of severe myositis caused by infection with Brachiola algerae, a microsporidium normally found in insects. The patient had been treated with an immunosuppressive regimen that included infliximab, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α.
A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of emd 1214063, an Oral Selective CMET Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: A. Naing, G.S. Falchook, S. Fu, H.M. Amin, S.A. Piha-Paul, D.S. Hong, A.M. Tsimberidou, J.J. Wheler, F. Janku, M.B. Klevesath, V. Jego, A Johne, R. Kurzrock, H. Lannert, A. Heidenreich, J. Gschwend, T. Gil, S. Zastrow, M. Laniado, M. Zühlsdorf, J. Gerloff, W. Uhl, M. Wirth, K. Yamazaki, A. Ohtsu, T. Yoshino, M. Yoshida, A. Grothey, J. T.abernero, P. Rougier, S. Ballal, H. Crane, N. Yoshizuka, F. Nasroulah, M. D. Rutstein, K. Arakawa, R. Zinner, J. Wheler, G. Falchook, D. Hong, M. Takeda, I. Okamoto, T. Yamanaka, S. Nakamura, K. Nakagawa, Y. Nakanishi, K. Park, C. M. Tsai, N. Yamamoto, T. Mitsudomi, M. Boyer, P. A Jänne, T. Mok, K. O'Byrne, L. Paz-Ares, S. S. Ramalingam, J. Liang, I. Taylor, A. Campbell, J. O'Connell, S. Letrent, S. Y. Lee, V. Antic, T. Tsuji, M. Tamiya, A. Tamiya, N. Omachi, S. Minomo, K. Asami, K. Okishio, T. Kawaguchi, T. Shiroyama, N. Morishita, H. Suzuki, N. Okamoto, S. Kobayashi, T. Hirashima, S. Atagi, S. Oizumi, J. Sakakibara-Konishi, A. Inoue, K. Kobayashi, A. Gemma, H. Yoshizawa, H. Isobe, Y. Saijyo, Y. Ishii, S. Morita, K. Hagiwara, T. Nukiwa, Y. L. Wu, J.-C. Soria, X. Zhang, A. Miao, H. Tada, K. Takeda, Y. Ichinose, K. Sugio, M. Tsuboi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
'Smokeless Cigarette' Draws Plenty of Heat
Authors: None Charles
Journal: JAMA (1989)

CALL IT "CIGARETTE" or "drug delivery device," Premier, the so-called smokeless cigarette, is the newest way to get hooked on nicotine. Manufactured and now being test-marketed by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, its advent has galvanized health-oriented organizations into efforts to keep the product off the market. Last April, the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Coalition on Smoking OR Health, in separate briefs, petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assert jurisdiction over the product by calling it a drug or a device. The move was backed by government health officials including Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, Charles R. Schuster, PhD, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and former National Cancer Institute director Vincent T. DeVita, MD. But the prospect of taking on yet another regulatory task was viewed with dismay by many in the FDA. The agency is already hard pressed by attempts
Junior doctors are ready and waiting to create an iNHS
Authors: Andrew R Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Stephenson’s article highlights many of the problems with NHS IT that I noted from my first day on the wards.1

The problems of NHS IT come from its approach to solving problems. The triumvirate of information governance, confidentiality, and clinical safety have created systems that are inflexible and non-extensible and work against these principles. …
Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine complicating Crohn's disease.
Authors: P C Hawker, S N Gyde, H Thompson, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1982)

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is an uncommon complication of Crohn9s disease. We report the clinical and pathological details of three cases diagnosed between 1968 and 1980 with a review of 58 cases from the literature. Of the 61 cases, 41 tumours occurred in the ileum, 18 in the jejunum, one in the duodenum and ileum, and one in the ileum and colon. Eighteen occurred in bypassed intestinal loops. The prognosis was poor: 44 patients (72%) had died with a mean interval of only 7.9 months from the diagnosis of cancer.
The nature of nurture: Genetic influence on “environmental” measures
Authors: Robert Plomin, C. S. Bergeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1991)

Abstract Evidence for genetic influence on environmental measures will emerge in quantitative genetic analyses if genetically influenced characteristics of individuals are assessed by these environmental measures. Recent twin and adoption studies indicate substantial genetic influence when measures of the environment are treated as phenotypes in genetic analyses. Genetic influence has been documented for measures as diverse as videotaped observations of parental behavior toward their children, ratings by parents and children of their family environment, and ratings of peer groups, social support, and life events. Evidence for genetic influence on environmental measures includes some of the most widely used measures of environment – the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, the Family Environment Scales, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale of life events, for example. The goal of this article is to document and discuss these findings and to elicit commentary that might help to shape the course of research on this topic, which has far-reaching implications for the behavioral and brain sciences.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA AND APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: F. DENNETTE ADAMS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Although lobar pneumonia is generally conceded to be one of the easiest diseases in which to make a correct diagnosis, it is well recognized that its differentiation in the early stages, and particularly in children, from one or two quite remote conditions, notably so-called surgical conditions of the abdomen and cerebrospinal meningitis, is not always simple. Much has been written on this subject, but the frequency with which the diseases are confounded, in both general and hospital practice, the relative frequency with which patients with early pneumonia are subjected to unnecessary surgery, and the importance from a therapeutic standpoint of establishing immediate diagnosis, have made it seem worth while to review the records of a series of such cases in the hope of being able to point out what clinical features are of the greatest significance in differentiating the two conditions. Only children between the ages of 2 and 15
Gastric Herpes Zoster
Authors: K. Milne
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Aims</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features, survival analyses of colorectal cancer (CRC) and some related factors in a hospital of Tehran. <h3>Subjects and Methods</h3> The type of study is case series descriptive study. 241 patients who registered from 2004 to 2009 were identified. Data collection was based on medical records and was completed using phone call. Survival analyses were constructed using the Kaplan–meier method. Multivariate analyses of related factors were conducted using Cox-regression analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age of participants was 59.7 year (SD=14.7), 22.4% were smoker and 24.5% have had family history of CRC. The rectum cancer was the common anatomic site of CRC and the majority of cancer grading were well differentiated status. 83.8% of participants were alive. The mean survival time for all patients was 56.5 months (±1.9). The lowest and highest mean survival time were 47.7 (±5.8) for cancer of secum and 61.1 (±3.2) for non-smokers respectively. The highest OR of survival 2.12 (95% CI 0.28 to 15.87) belongs to patients with rectum cancer. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results showed that the mean survival time for CRC depends on some risk factors. It seems that, evaluation of these risk factors is necessary in lower age.