tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Gefitinib Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Sensitive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations
Authors: Hironori Satoh, Akira Inoue, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Makoto Maemondo, Satoshi Oizumi, Hiroshi Isobe, Akihiko Gemma, Yasuo Saijo, Hirohisa Yoshizawa, Koichi Hagiwara, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Metallic Mercury Embolism
Authors: Julian T. Buxton
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Almost 20 years ago, metallic mercury replaced mineral oil as the anaerobic seal and mixing agent in syringes used for blood sampling. The change was based on the low solubility of gases in mercury and the weight and fluidity of mercury. With these advantages, there is also the potentiality of inadvertent loss of mercury from the syringe into the blood vessel. While the advances of cardiovascular surgery have increased the demand for blood-gas analysis, it is certain that parallel caution with this procedure has not yet been obtained. The purposes of this presentation are to emphasize the hazard of mercury embolization during blood sampling, to suggest that this occurs more often than is realized, and to outline a preventive regimen.
There Is More (or Less) to Tobacco Than Smoking
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Old-timers, who still remember nostalgically the polished brass cuspidors in Pullman car smoking rooms, need not be told that there is more to tobacco than smoking. But only the occasional sight of the odd ballplayer perfunctorily emitting streams of brownish saliva as a macho ritual reminds the young that tobacco can be chewed as well as smoked. To the community of Maharashtra, India, however, chewing tobacco is not a distant nostalgic memory but a disturbing reality. In this tobacco-growing town, the habit is prevalent even among pregnant women, with potential harm to the fetus. To determine the extent of this harm, Krishna<sup>1</sup>conducted a study on 1,393 hospitalized pregnant women, each delivered of a single infant. Two hundred twenty (15.8%) of these women chewed tobacco. The nicotine content of the 50 to 100 g of tobacco chewed daily by each was estimated to be 4.24%. Mothers who chewed tobacco
Children are main victims of trafficking in Africa
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Recruited as soldiers and sold into prostitution and forced labour, children aged between 12 and 16 are the main victims of human trafficking across Africa, a new study compiled by the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) says.

The study found that all Africa's 53 nations reported human trafficking, spurred by poverty, armed conflict, and instability, as well as traditional practices, such as early marriage.

A third of countries reported trafficking of humans to Europe—where women and children work as prostitutes—and a quarter to the Middle East and Arab …
The community paediatrician.
Authors: R G Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The 'sixties have been called the age of analysis, and this has been as true in medicine as in other spheres, for much time and thought have been devoted to analysing the organizational framework and function of the health services set up so precipitately after the second world war.It has become increasingly clear that in forward planning patching up will not do, and we must return to fundamentals, asking such questions as What are the needs ?and How can we best satisfy them ?As the shape of the future services slowly begins to form further questions arise-What kinds of professional worker will be required?and How shall we train them?If we thus considered the 'sixties as the age of analysis of services and their functioning we may well look to the 'seventies as the age of role identification.A start has already been made by asking What is a doctor ?and What is a nurse?, and it is evident from the report of the Royal Commission on Medical Education' and from the current work of Professor Asa Briggs's committee that such apparently naive questions are in fact extremely complex.In posing the question What is a community paediatrician ?I therefore make no claim to have a simple answer which will satisfy everyone, still less to know what the pattern of future paediatric care will be.I should like, however, to put before you some of my thoughts on this subject with a view to stimulating discussion. Nature of Paediatric PracticeIn planning health services we no longer have to plead the case for special consideration of infants and children, for their
Tyrosine phosphorylation and bacterial virulence
Authors: Sarah E Whitmore, Richard J Lamont
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine has emerged as a key device in the control of numerous cellular functions in bacteria. In this article, we review the structure and function of bacterial tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by autophosphorylating adenosine triphosphate-dependent enzymes (bacterial tyrosine (BY) kinases) that are characterized by the presence of Walker motifs. The reverse reaction is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: the eukaryotic-like phosphatases (PTPs) and dual-specific phosphatases; the low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatases (LMW-PTPs); and the polymerase-histidinol phosphatases (PHP). Many BY kinases and tyrosine phosphatases can utilize host cell proteins as substrates, thereby contributing to bacterial pathogenicity. Bacterial tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is also involved in biofilm formation and community development. The Porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase Ltp1 is involved in a restraint pathway that regulates heterotypic community development with Streptococcus gordonii. Ltp1 is upregulated by contact with S. gordonii and Ltp1 activity controls adhesin expression and levels of the interspecies signal AI-2.
Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) monoclonal antibodies with lupus anticoagulant-like activity enhance the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids.
Authors: H Takeya, T Mori, E C Gabazza, K Kuroda, H Deguchi, E Matsuura, K Ichikawa, T Koike, K Suzuki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

beta2-Glycoprotein I (beta2GPI), a plasma glycoprotein with phospholipid-binding property, is known to be the actual target antigen for autoimmune type anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs). Certain groups of aCLs (anti-beta2GPI antibodies) exert lupus anticoagulant (LA) activity and perturb the function of vascular endothelial cells. This investigation aimed at highlighting some insights into the molecular basis by which aCLs exert their biological effects by using anti-beta2GPI mAbs with well-characterized epitopes from mice and from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Anti-beta2GPI mAbs directed against the third domain (Cof-20 and Cof-22) and fourth domain (Cof-21, EY1C8, and EY2C9) of beta2GPI inhibited the thrombin generation induced by Russell's viper venom in diluted plasma and that induced by the prothrombinase complex reconstituted with purified clotting factors. This anticoagulant activity was abrogated in the presence of an excess amount of phospholipids, thus resembling the LA activity. In stark contrast, anti-beta2GPI mAbs directed against the fifth domain and the carboxy-terminal region of the fourth domain showed no LA-like activity. These findings suggest that the LA activity of anti-beta2GPI antibodies depends on their epitope specificity. Experiments carried out to clarify the mechanism of the LA activity showed that anti-beta2GPI mAbs with LA-like activity, but not those without this effect, enhance the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids. In addition, the F(ab')2 fragment, but not the Fab' fragment, of the anti-beta2GPI mAbs was found to enhance the LA activity and the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids, suggesting that anti-beta2GPI antibodies induce formation of multiple complexes of beta2GPI on the surface of phospholipids because of their bivalent property. This clustering of beta2GPI molecules induced by anti-beta2GPI antibodies, probably because of their multivalent property and epitope specificity, might hinder the lateral mobility and activation of clotting factors on the surface of phospholipids and thus exert LA activity. Clustering of beta2GPI molecules may also explain the molecular mechanism by which anti-beta2GPI antibodies alter the function of leukocytes and endothelial cells. The well-documented heterogeneous LA activity of aCLs (anti-beta2GPI antibodies) may also be explained by their epitope specificity.
Lack of Association between Sputum Atypia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality
Authors: York E. Miller, Kieu O. Vu, Tim C. Kennedy, Fred R. Hirsch, Thomas L. Petty, Paul A. Bunn, Robert L. Keith, Wilbur A. Franklin, Holly J. Wolf, Sheila Prindiville, Tim Byers
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Islet cell autoimmunity in white and black children and adolescents with IDDM.
Authors: I M Libman, M Pietropaolo, M Trucco, J S Dorman, R E LaPorte, D Becker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of islet cell antibodies (ICA) and antibodies to GAD65 and IA-2(ICA512) between black and white children and adolescents at the diagnosis of IDDM in a large consecutive series of cases from Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: ICA and antibodies to GAD65 and IA-2 were measured in 437 white and black children and adolescents who were diagnosed with IDDM at &amp;lt; 19 years of age at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from January 1983 to December 1985, from January to December 1989, and from January 1996 to December 1997. RESULTS: The prevalence of ICA(H), GAD65, and IA-2 antibodies was significantly lower in blacks than whites at onset of the disease. In contrast, the prevalence of ICA(R) alone was higher in blacks. None of the antibodies were present in 12% of the blacks compared with 4% in whites. The same pattern was seen in both sexes. The prevalence of antibodies in white patients with onset of IDDM at &amp;lt;11 years of age was no different than in those who developed IDDM during adolescence. In contrast, black patients showed a significantly lower prevalence of almost all antibodies in the adolescent group. CONCLUSIONS: Black adolescents were more likely to not have antibodies, suggesting either that they have a nonautoimmune type of diabetes or that antibodies are not being detected by these assays.
Characterization of Circulating and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Extreme-Duration Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sonia L. Hernandez, Jennifer H. Gong, Liming Chen, I-Hsien Wu, Jennifer K. Sun, Hillary A. Keenan, George L. King
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We characterized and correlated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) with lack of vascular complications in the Joslin Medalist Study in patients with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or longer.EPC and CPC levels were ascertained by flow cytometry and compared among Medalists (n = 172) with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR; n = 84 of 162), neuropathy (n = 94 of 165), diabetic nephropathy (DN; n = 18 of 172), cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 63 of 168), age-matched controls (n = 83), type 2 diabetic patients (n = 36), and younger type 1 diabetic patients (n = 31). Mitogens, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers were measured in blood or urine. Migration of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Medalists and age-matched controls were compared.Medalists' EPC and CPC levels equaled those of their nondiabetic age-matched controls, were 10% higher than those in younger type 1 diabetic patients, and were 20% higher than those in age-matched type 2 diabetic patients. CPC levels were 15% higher in Medalists without CVD and nephropathy than in those affected, whereas EPC levels were significantly higher in those without peripheral vascular disease (PVD) than those with PVD. Stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels were higher in Medalists with CVD, DN, and DR than in those not affected and their controls. IGF-I levels were lower in Medalists and correlated inversely with CPC levels. Additionally, cultured PBMCs from Medalists migrated more than those from nondiabetic controls.Normal levels of EPC and CPC in the Medalists, unlike other groups with diabetes, especially those without CVD, support the idea that endogenous factors exist to neutralize the adverse effects of metabolic abnormalities of diabetes on vascular tissues.
Changing trends in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Europe
Authors: G. Morgan, M. Vornanen, J. Puitinen, A. Naukkarinen, H. Brincker, J. Olsen, J.W. Coeburgh, L.W.M.A. Vrints, D. Clayden, R. McNally, A. Jack, R. Cartwright, P.M. Carli, T. Petrella, R. Tomino, S. D'Lollo, A. Barchielli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Requirement for CDK4 kinase function in breast cancer
Authors: Qunyan Yu, Ewa Sicinska, Yan Geng, Marie Ahnström, Agnieszka Zagozdzon, Yinxin Kong, Humphrey Gardner, Hiroaki Kiyokawa, Lyndsay N. Harris, Olle Stål, Piotr Sicinski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Experiences in the Psychotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Noomi Lindberg, Erik Lindberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

According to the relevant literature, psychological factors may play an important role in the onset and clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first study reported in which the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is based on such factors. Twenty-seven arthritics were treated psychotherapeutically and a close connection was seen between the course of the psychotherapy and the development of the somatic disease.
Autopsy Findings in Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Authors: Min Jiang, Dan Wei, Wei-Lin Ou, Kun-Xiong Li, Dian-Zhong Luo, Yun-Qian Li, E Chen, Guang-Min Nong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: From May 2008 through July 2010, an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease occurred in Guangxi, China. During the epidemic, some children died of progressive cardiorespiratory failure. Postmortem pathological examinations were performed for 14 patients. Reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assays of various specimens (throat swabs or stool samples) were performed to detect enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A17, and pan-enterovirus messenger RNA. Assays for enterovirus 71 were positive in 12 patients. Assays to detect coxsackievirus A17 were positive in 1 patient, and assays to detect other enteroviruses were positive in 1 patient. The major manifestations of the disease included fever and . . .
Psychiatry with the Aborigines of West Malaysia
Authors: J. DAVID KINZIE, J. MALCOLM BOLTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors report on a year's experience with psychiatric patients from aborigine tribes in West Malaysia. Of the 20 cases seen, all but one were psychotic and 16 were also classified as schizophrenic. Withdrawal and running away were common symptom patterns. Only one patient came from a deep jungle area; the others were from fringe areas where sociocultural disruption was more evident. Because of a good preexisting medical service, these patients were easily managed in a hospital that emphasized their own culture. Follow-up in the jungle or villages by aborigine staff members and the use of long-acting injectable phenothiazines resulted in continued improvement of the patients.
Hypoglycaemia with human and porcine insulins.
Authors: M Egger, G D Smith, A Teuscher
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Analysis of obstetric outcome at Coombe Lying-In Hospitalfor 1992.Figures are numbers (percentages) of women Primiparous Multiparous All women women women (n=2457) (n=4029) (n=6486) Prolonged labour 244 (9 9) 83 (2 1) 327 (5 0) Epidural analgesia 1710 (69-6) 1237 (30-7) 2947 (454) Episiotomy 1077 (43 8) 420 (10-4)
AMINO NITROGEN CHANGES OF THE BLOOD IN NEPHRITIS
Authors: Esben Kirk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

Amino nitrogen and peptide nitrogen content of the blood in nephritic patients have been frequently determined since the introduction of suit- able micro methods.Gasometric determinations of amino nitrogen and peptide nitrogen of plasma and red blood cells separately have, however, not yet been done.That colorimetric analyses of the same blood samples give lower results for amino acid nitrogen than the gasometric method or the formaldehyde titration, and that colorimetric recovery of amino acids added to blood is incomplete, have been reported by Van Slyke and Kirk (18).The use of different analytical methods may accordingly explain the conflicting results reported in the literature.Thus most observers using the colorimetric method of Folin (Berglund (2), Greene, Sandiford and Ross (6), Schmidt ( 16), Witts (20), Feinblatt and Shapiro (5)) found no deviation from the normal in series of patients with nephritis, including several cases of uremia.Slightly or moderately increased values of amino nitrogen in uremia were reported with the colorimetric method by Wowsi and Gelbird (21), and by Looney (11) in an individual case of mercuric chloride poisoning shortly before death.Extensive studies have been made in recent years in Volhard's clinic by Becher and Herrmann (1) with a modification of Folin's colorimetric technique; increase of free amino nitrogen of whole blood was frequently observed in patients with severe impairment of the kidney function.Only in a single case, however, did the method used indicate values exceeding 10 milligrams per cent.Most of the work done with the gasometric method is of earlier date.Using various protein precipitants Bock (3), Okada and Hayashi (14), and Desqueyroux (4), all found increased amino nitrogen of the blood in cases of advanced nephritis.In nephritic toxemias of pregnancy, on the other hand, Losee and Van Slyke (12), and Morse (13) observed no marked deviation from the normal.Quantitative determination of peptide nitrogen of blood was first made with exact methods by Hiller and Van Slyke in 1922 (7) by gaso- metric determination of blood filtrates before and after hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid.A similar procedure of acid hydrolysis has been used by different authors in studies of the peptide nitrogen in nephritis,
Predictive Markers of Asthma Exacerbation during Stepwise Dose Reduction of Inhaled Corticosteroids
Authors: JÖRG D. LEUPPI, CHERYL M. SALOME, CHRISTINE R. JENKINS, SANDRA D. ANDERSON, WEI XUAN, GUY B. MARKS, HEIKKI KOSKELA, JOHN D. BRANNAN, RUTH FREED, MORGAN ANDERSSON, HAK-KIM CHAN, ANN J. WOOLCOCK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To determine predictors for failed reduction of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), in 50 subjects with well-controlled asthma (age 43.7 [18–69]; 22 males) taking a median dose of 1,000 μ g ICS/d (100–3,600 μ g/d), ICS were halved every 8 wk. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to a bronchial provocation test (BPT) with histamine was measured at baseline. AHR to BPT with mannitol, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and, in 31 subjects, sputum inflammatory cells were measured at baseline and at monthly intervals. Thirty-nine subjects suffered an asthma exacerbation. Seven subjects were successfully weaned off ICS. Using a Kaplan– Meier survival analysis, the significant predictors of a failure of ICS reduction were being hyperresponsive to both histamine and mannitol at baseline (p = 0.039), and being hyperresponsive to mannitol during the dose-reduction phase of the study (p = 0.02). Subjects older than 40 yr of age tended to be at greater risk of ICS reduction failure (p = 0.059). Response to mannitol and percentage sputum eosinophils were significantly greater before a failed ICS reduction than before the last successful ICS reduction, whereas there were no significant differences in symptoms, spirometry, or eNO. These findings suggest that documentation of patient's AHR or sputum eosinophils may be useful in guiding the reduction of ICS doses.
Lamr1 functional retroposon causes right ventricular dysplasia in mice
Authors: Yoshihiro Asano, Seiji Takashima, Masanori Asakura, Yasunori Shintani, Yulin Liao, Tetsuo Minamino, Hiroshi Asanuma, Shoji Sanada, Jiyoong Kim, Akiko Ogai, Tomi Fukushima, Yumiko Oikawa, Yasushi Okazaki, Yasufumi Kaneda, Manabu Sato, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Soichiro Kitamura, Hitonobu Tomoike, Masafumi Kitakaze, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CARDIAC TROPONIN I DEFINED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS AND IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH ISCHEMIC SYMPTOMS
Authors: Sarah E. Nelson, Yader Sandoval, Stephen Smith, Lesly Pearce, Karen Schulz, Maryann M. Murakami, Fred Apple
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P5 Introducing Bronchial Thermoplasty Treatment into a Severe Asthma Clinical Service: Abstract P5 Table 1
Authors: S Bicknell, R Chaudhuri, M Shepherd, N Lee, N Pitman, M Spears, E Cameron, D Cowan, J Nixon, J Thompson, NC Thomson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Bronchial thermoplasty involves the delivery of radio frequency energy to the airways during flexible bronchoscopy, and possibly exerts its effect by reduction of airway smooth muscle mass (1). Clinical trials of bronchial thermoplasty have shown benefits in the treatment of patients with moderate or severe asthma. We describe our experience of introducing bronchial thermoplasty into a severe asthma clinical service. <h3>Methods</h3> Funding was obtained from the Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Health Board to evaluate bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of ten patients with moderate to severe asthma. Patients were assessed at the Difficult Asthma Clinic and selected for the procedure using criteria similar to those employed in clinical trials of bronchial thermoplasty. Patients on all forms of asthma medication were eligible for treatment including omalizumab and oral prednisolone. Procedures were performed by 2 physicians or by 1 physician and a nurse, using conscious sedation with alfentanyl and midazolam. One patient required deeper sedation [remifentanyl and propofol] due to a complicated medical history. Bronchial thermoplasty was administered in three sessions, treating the right lower lobe, the left lower lobe and both upper lobes respectively. Follow up is at 3 monthly intervals for both safety and efficacy outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Between 2nd June 2011 and 30th April 2012, ten patients underwent bronchial thermoplasty in Glasgow [7 males, 3 females] (Table 1). Six patients were at Step 5 and four at Step 4 of the British Guideline on the Management of Asthma scale. 4/10 were taking oral prednisolone daily and 2/10 were receiving omalizumab treatment [for 4th year and 3rd year respectively]. Treatment sessions were largely uneventful and adverse effects were similar to those reported in clinical trials. To date, there has been a reduction in some asthma medications: two patients receiving omalizumab have successfully discontinued treatment; those taking oral steroids are being weaned off prednisolone. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Bronchial thermoplasty can be safely delivered in a clinical setting to patients with severe asthma. <h3>References</h3> Thomson NC, Bicknell S, Chaudhuri R Bronchial thermoplasty for severe asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:241–248.