tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection and partial characterization of antibacterial factor(s) in alveolar lining material of rats.
Authors: J D Coonrod, K Yoneda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by alveolar macrophages is known to be enhanced by exposure to alveolar lining material. Because this material may have a role in pulmonary host defenses, we have studied its effect on pneumococci and other nonstaphylococcal organisms. Alveolar lining material from rats caused rapid killing and lysis of pneumococci. The antipneumococcal activity was localized to the surfactant-containing fraction of the fluid and was not affected by trypsin. Phospholipid extracts of the surfactant fraction or purified lamellar bodies killed pneumococci. Lysis of pneumococci by the surfactant fraction appeared to be mediated by a detergent-like activation of pneumococcal autolysin, in that bacteriolysis was prevented by substitution of ethanolamine for choline in pneumococcal cell walls, and a pneumococcal transformant that lacked autolysin was not lysed. The surfactant fraction readily killed pneumococci containing ethanolamine or the autolysin-defective transformant, and studies with tritiated methyl-D-glucose loading and release showed that killing was associated with increased bacterial cell membrane permeability. Bactericidal activity (without lysis) was observed with several nonpneumococcal gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus viridans, unspeciated respiratory streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus bovis, and Bacillus species. Purified diacylphospholipids had no antibacterial activity, however, a lysophospholipid, palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine, had many properties resembling the surfactant-containing fraction of lavage, including autolysin-mediated pneumococcal lysis, altered cell membrane permeability, and antibacterial activity against several gram-positive bacteria.
The Relation of Contractile Enhancement to Action Potential Change in Canine Myocardium
Authors: KALMAN GREENSPAN, ROBERT E. EDMANDS, CHARLES FISCH
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Simultaneous recordings of contractile tension and transmembrane potentials from canine ventricular tissue yielded a consistent correlation of action potential (AP) alteration with contractile change associated with abrupt rate change. The AP terminating a relative prolongation of the cycle-length manifested shortening of phase 2 with lengthening of phase 3 and was associated with potentiation of contractile force. Conversely, the AP terminating a relative abbreviation of cycle-length displayed a broader phase 2 with a more precipitous phase 3, while the associated contraction was less forceful than the control. In each circumstance, the relative magnitude of cycle-length change correlated with the extent of both AP change and contractile alteration. Changes in AP configuration may reflect changes in transmembrane flux of K + during repolarization consistent with the findings of prior workers who have related K + efflux to increased contractility. Mechanical alternans, in addition, was frequently observed in association with abrupt rate change and was consistently associated with an electrical alternans manifested by action potentials with alternately wide and narrow plateaus (phase 2). As above, the more forceful contractions were associated with action potentials which displayed a narrower phase 2. Mechanical alternans initiated by abrupt rate change may represent an adaptive phenomenon prior to the establishment of a stable contractile state, as reflected by a stable AP configuration.
Satisfied, but Sore.
Authors: Nelson G. Richmond
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Fredonia, N. Y., March 19, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Yours to hand soliciting my subscription to theJournal of the American Medical Association. Not until theAssociationrids herself of the charge of bigotry and infallibility, and treats some of her New York members, who happen to think differently from her, with more courtesy and consideration, do I aspire to be a member or propose to subscribe to herJournal. Besides the<i>Medical Record</i>and the<i>Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal</i>fill this niche of journalism very nicely. I have, however, for you personally, my dear sir, the highest consideration and esteem. Very truly yours.
Gastroenterologists on the Move: The Nature of Travelers' Diarrhea
Authors: Sam T. Donta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Traveling into Mexico carries with this otherwise generally delightful experience the risk of developing an acute gastrointestinal illness. Occurrence of travelers' diarrhea does not seem to confer protection from acute enteric disease during subsequent travels, although there is some suggestion that the attack rate among Latin-Americans may not be as high as that in northern Americans. One might suppose that learned gastroenterologists, traveling with their families to a World Congress of Gastroenterology in Mexico City, would somehow either have "naturally acquired immunity" to, or know of means to avert, the inconvenience and discomfort of, "Montezuma's revenge." It is therefore perhaps . . .
Micro–Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Cardiac Gene Expression in Rats Using Bicistronic Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Delivery
Authors: Ian Y. Chen, Joseph C. Wu, Jung-Jun Min, Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan, Xiaoman Lewis, Qianwa Liang, Harvey R. Herschman, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Circulation (2004)

We have previously validated the use of micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) for monitoring the expression of a single PET reporter gene in rat myocardium. We now report the use of a bicistronic adenoviral vector (Ad-CMV-D2R80a-IRES-HSV1-sr39tk) for linking the expression of 2 PET reporter genes, a mutant rat dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R80a) and a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk), with the aid of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES).Rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts transduced with increasing titers of Ad-CMV-D2R80a-IRES-HSV1-sr39tk (0 to 2.5x10(8) pfu) were assayed 48 hours later for reporter protein activities, which were found to correlate well with viral titer (r2=0.96, P<0.001 for D2R80A; r2=0.98, P<0.001 for HSV1-sr39TK) and each other (r2=0.97; P<0.001). Experimental (n=8) and control (n=6) athymic rats underwent intramyocardial injection of up to 2x10(9) pfu of Ad-CMV-D2R80a-IRES-HSV1-sr39tk and saline, respectively. Forty-eight hours later and weekly thereafter, rats were assessed for D2R80a-dependent myocardial accumulation of 3-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)spiperone ([18F]-FESP) and HSV1-sr39tk-dependent sequestration of 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]-FHBG) using microPET. Longitudinal [18F]-FESP and [18F]-FHBG imaging of experimental rats revealed a good correlation between the cardiac expressions of the 2 PET reporter genes (r2=0.73; P<0.001). The location of adenovirus-mediated transgene expression, as inferred from microPET images, was confirmed by ex vivo gamma counting of explanted heart.The IRES-based bicistronic adenoviral vector can potentially be used in conjunction with PET for indirect imaging of therapeutic gene expression by replacing 1 of the 2 PET reporter genes with a therapeutic gene of choice.
Ten Nights of Moderate Hypoxia Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Humans
Authors: Virgile Lecoultre, Courtney M. Peterson, Jeffrey D. Covington, Philip J. Ebenezer, Elizabeth A. Frost, Jean-Marc Schwarz, Eric Ravussin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Hypoxia in obese adipose tissue (AT) plays an important role in the development of whole-body insulin resistance by inducing local inflammation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (1). Yet, living at high altitude is associated with a lower prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes compared with living at low altitude (2). Furthermore, exposure to hypoxic environments increases whole-body glucose fluxes in healthy males and glucose uptake in human and murine skeletal muscle (3). In addition, exercising under hypoxic conditions improves glucose tolerance more than exercising under normoxia (4), strongly suggesting an insulin-sensitizing effect of hypoxia. Therefore, we hypothesized that exposing obese men to 10 consecutive nights of moderate hypoxia (15 ± 0.5% O2, ∼2,400 m elevation) would improve insulin sensitivity.

Eight healthy obese men (4 Caucasians, 3 African Americans, and 1 Hispanic of mean ± SEM age 28 ± 1 years, weight 96.5 ± 5.3 kg, and BMI 32.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2) without evidence of chronic disease or sleep apnea and taking no medication participated in this study. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Pennington Biomedical Research Center (Baton Rouge, LA). Subjects slept for 10 consecutive nights (∼10 h/night, ≥100 h in total) in a hypoxic tent (Hypoxico Inc., New York, NY) maintained at ∼15% O2 (range 14.5–15.5% O2, ∼2,400 m above sea level) using nitrogen dilution. Biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous AT and skeletal muscle were obtained at baseline and on day 11 under …
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ACCUMULATION OF GLOBULINS AND THE APPEARANCE OF AGGLUTININS IN THE BLOOD OF NEW-BORN CALVES
Authors: Marion L. Orcutt, Paul E. Howe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A comparison of the appearance of the agglutinins for Bacillus abortus in the blood of new-born calves with the first appearance of globulins in the same blood following the ingestion of colostrum indicates that the agglutinins are associated with the globulins. These observations are supported by the removal of the agglutinins from serum or colostrum with concentrations of sodium sulfate which precipitate globulins present in the blood of calves which have ingested colostrum, but which are not present at birth. Neither the association of immune bodies with globulins nor the direct absorption of protein by new-born animals is a new fact. The evidence presented is of particular value, however, in associating the appearance of certain protein fractions in the blood of the new-born animal with the simultaneous absorption of agglutinins.
Leptin Stimulates Fetal and Adult Erythroid and Myeloid Development
Authors: Adel A. Mikhail, Eric X Beck, Alan Shafer, Bruce Barut, Julie Smith Gbur, Thomas J. Zupancic, Anthony C. Schweitzer, Joseph A. Cioffi, Georges Lacaud, Bin Ouyang, Gordon Keller, H. Ralph Snodgrass
Journal: Blood (1997)
Towards a new test
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

An answer to a longstanding problem in cancer research may be at hand. Methylating agents are widespread in the environment. Nitrosamines, for example, occur in cigarette smoke and in some foods. And abundant evidence from animal studies indicates that these and other methylating agents can be carcinogenic. Yet their significance as causes of human cancer remains unclear.

Now, thanks to a fellowship provided by the European Environmental Research Organisation, which allowed Italian scientist Franca Bianchini to spend some time working at the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyons, France, matters may soon become much clearer. Describing her …
Interferon regulatory factor 9 is a key mediator of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Pi-Xiao Wang, Ran Zhang, Ling Huang, Li-Hua Zhu, Ding-Sheng Jiang, Hou-Zao Chen, Yan Zhang, Song Tian, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhang, De-Pei Liu, Hongliang Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Relationships between 34 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens and three serological markers of viral infections in alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Michel Doffoel, Marie M. Tongio, Jean-Pierre Gut, Guy Ventre, Alain Charrault, Denis Vetter, Marc Ledig, Marie L. North, Simone Mayer, René Bockel
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

In order to study the genetic risk of alcoholic cirrhosis, the frequency of 26 HLA-A and -B antigens was compared in 184 normal controls, 175 alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 83 alcoholic patients with hepatic steatosis of carefully selected ethnic origin. Eight HLA-DR antigens were also determined in 95 subjects of the normal control group and 63 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group. The incidence of hepatitis B virus antibodies (anti-HBc and anti-HBs) was defined in 74 patients of the alcoholic steatosis group, 170 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and 111 normal controls different from the previously mentioned normal control group. The incidence and the titers of cytomegalovirus and rubella antibodies were also determined in 93 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and the 111 normal controls. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in the same 93 cirrhotic patients. Compared with the controls, the alcoholic cirrhosis group revealed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B15 (21.7 vs. 9.8%, p<0.00025, corrected p<0.050) and HLA-DR4 (38.1 vs. 17.9%, p<0.005, corrected p<0.050) and a significantly lower frequency of HLA-B13 (2.9 vs. 11.4%, p<0.025, corrected p<0.050). As for the frequency of all other HLA antigens, there was no significant difference between the three groups (normal controls, alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic steatosis). In the alcoholic cirrhosis group, the incidence of hepatitis B virus antibodies was higher in B15(+) patients (41.6%) than in B15(−) ones (19.4%, p<0.010) and in DR4(+) patients (50%) than in DR4(−) ones (15.4%, p<0.005). In the control and steatosis groups, there was no significant difference. In the alcoholic cirrhosis group, a significantly higher incidence of anticytomegalovirus was also observed in B15(+) patients (95.0%) than in B15(−) patients (69.9%, p <0.050), as well as significantly higher titers (p<0.050) of anticytomegalovirus and rubella and significantly higher IgG concentrations (p<0.025). All of these significant differences were not found in the control group. These results suggest that: (i) there is a genetic predisposition in alcoholic cirrhosis which may be associated with the presence of HLA-B 15 and DR4 antigens, and (ii) the higher incidence of hepatitis B virus antibodies in B15(+) and DR4(+) cirrhotic patients may be the result of differences in their immune responsiveness when compared to B15(−) and DR4(−) patients.
View From a Darkroom
Authors: NANCY KLEIN
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4197: Function of microRNA-143 and its potential of prognostic factor in scirrhous type gastric cancer.
Authors: Yutaka Naito, Naoya Sakamoto, Naohiro Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani, Naohide Oue, Masakazu Yashiro, Kosei Hirakawa, Wataru Yasui
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Scirrhous type GC is highly metastatic and characterized clinically by rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA of 19-25 nucleotides, play a part in crucial biological processes and also have an important role in cancer development and progression. In the present study, we show that microRNA-143 (miR-143) is expressed at higher level in diffuse type GC than in intestinal type GC by microRNA microarray analysis. We investigated whether miR-143 is useful as a diagnostic marker of scirrhous type GC. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-143 expression was low in GC in comparison with adjacent non-tumorous mucosa. Expression levels of miR-143 were higher in scirrhous type GC than those in other types of GC. Treatment of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine retrieved miR-143 expression, suggesting that miR-143 might be repressed by DNA methylation. Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis showed that miR-143 is expressed at higher level in normal fibroblast and cancer associated fibroblast cell lines than in GC cell lines, indicating that major source of miR-143 in cancer tissue is stromal fibroblasts rather than cancer cells. miR-143 knock down by RNAi repressed collagen type III expression in normal fibroblast and cancer associated fibroblast cell lines. Furthermore, TGF-β treatment induced expression of miR-143 and collagen type III mRNA, and this induction of collagen type III mRNA was repressed by miR-143 knock down. We also studied the relation of miR-143 expression with GC patient prognosis (n=68). High miR-143 expression was associated with worse prognosis (P=0.0141). These data suggest that miR-143 regulates fibrosis of scirrhous type GC through induction of collagen expression in stromal fibroblasts and miR-143 expression is a prognostic marker of GC. Citation Format: Yutaka Naito, Naoya Sakamoto, Naohiro Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani, Naohide Oue, Masakazu Yashiro, Kosei Hirakawa, Wataru Yasui. Function of microRNA-143 and its potential of prognostic factor in scirrhous type gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4197
Delay by Internists in Obtaining Diagnostic Biopsies in Patients with Suspected Cancer
Authors: Sherif S. Farag, Michael D. Green, George Morstyn, William P. Sheridan, Richard M. Fox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To investigate the degree and type of delays in performing diagnostic biopsies in medical patients with suspected malignancy.Retrospective survey of clinical histories of patients referred between January 1985 and March 1989.Inner city teaching hospital internal medicine (non-oncologic) services.Patients with gastrointestinal and lung cancers, adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site, and lymphomas were referred as inpatients by internists. Two hundred fifty-five patients were eligible, and 177 were evaluable.The number, type, and results of tests done before and after biopsy were analyzed.In 67% of patients the biopsied lesion was detected by the second day of evaluation; however, there was an 8- to 10-day delay before a biopsy was done. This delay was consistent across the four malignancy groups studied. Although logistic and other unavoidable delays occurred in 40% of the cases, in 60% delays could only be attributed to continued, frequently low yield, noninvasive tests. An average of 3.3 tests were made per patient, with only 24% leading to a definitive biopsy.Because of the performance of many other tests, a substantial delay exists in proceeding to biopsy during the diagnosis of cancer by internists.
Diabetic hepatosclerosis: A novel entity or a rare form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: Michael Mendoza, Zobair Younossi
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Abstract Objective This study sought to characterize a noncirrhotic form of hepatic sinusoidal fibrosis in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent liver biopsy. The authors suggest that diabetic hepatosclerosis is distinct from other hepatic manifestations of DM. Methods Clinical records, detailed light microscopy results, and immunohistochemical preparations of twelve diabetic patients presenting with characteristic histologic findings were reviewed. Liver biopsy slides were evaluated for the degree of perisinusoidal, perivenular, and portal fibrosis, along with other histologic findings. When available, unstained biopsy sections were used for additional immunohistochemical analyses. Medical records were examined for relevant clinical data. Patients were chosen from Saint Louis University School of Medicine and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Results All patients presented with a long-standing history of DM and most had evidence of microvascular complications resulting in end-organ damage. Alkaline phosphatase elevation was common. Immunohistochemical staining of liver biopsies showed basement membrane components in a perisinusoidal distribution. Hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome staining of the biopsies revealed dense perisinusoidal fibrosis while lacking other features commonly seen in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conclusions These findings suggest a form of diabetic microangiopathy affecting the liver, described as diabetic hepatosclerosis. Further investigation must be done to understand the pathogenesis and clinical significance of this novel entity.
Excretion of Urinary Casts after the Administration of Diuretics
Authors: P. R. Imhof, J. Hushak, G. Schumann, P. Dukor, J. Wagner, H. M. Keller
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The administration of ethacrynic acid and frusemide to healthy volunteers was regularly followed by the excretion of hyaline casts, without any concomitant proteinuria. Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone did not themselves induce cylindruria but augmented that provoked by acidifying agents. It was shown by the indirect immunofluorescence method that the casts were composed of uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein), which is always present in the urine, usually in solution, and originates predominantly from the tubule cells of the ascending limb of Henle9s loop. The urinary excretion of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein was not increased after the administration of ethacrynic acid. This mucoprotein is precipitated and forms aggregates when the concentration of electrolytes increases and when the pH of the urine declines. The casts that appear in the urine after strenuous physical exertion are of essentially the same composition. Casts produced by patients with kidney diseases, on the other hand, contain various protein fractions derived from the blood as well as mucoprotein. Cylindruria occurring during diuretic therapy and physical exertion is of no pathological significance, and the diagnostic value of byaline casts is very much limited if their exact composition cannot be determined.
Alexithymia: Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Authors: Gustavo Rodrigo, Mabel Lusiardo, Leonardo Normey
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

This study was conducted to explore reliability and validity from the Spanish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). An alpha coefficient of 0.78, and a test-retest reliability of 0.83 over a 3-week period were obtained. In a sample of Ill college students, TAS correlated strongly and positively with the hypochondriasis subscale of the MMPI and with a somatization disorder questionnaire, but negatively with measures of sociability and psychological mindedness. In addition, factor analysis showed the TAS to have a stable, replicable factor structure. These findings suggest that this Spanish adaptation of the TAS is a psychometrically sound measure of the alexithymia construct.