tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brachytherapy vs Whole-Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer—Reply
Authors: Grace L. Smith, Thomas A. Buchholz, Benjamin D. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical use of TNF revisited: improving penetration of anti-cancer agents by increasing vascular permeability
Authors: Ferdy J. Lejeune
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

A rapid survey of the literature shows that little fundamental progress in cancer chemotherapy has been achieved over the last 20 years. This unfortunate state of affairs may reflect the complexity of the tumor environment and our failure to target both cancer cells and their associated stroma. Although the idea of the cancer cell as a “seed” that can only develop if it is supported by a good “soil” (the stroma with connective tissue and angiogenic vessels) is an old one (see recent retrospective by Fidler [1]), traditional therapies failed to consider that the stroma produces various growth factors that differ from tissue to tissue. Even some of the newer anticancer strategies, which do indeed target the mediators of tumor angiogenesis, still fail to account for the fact that anticancer agents must pass through the soil before they can destroy the seed. Thus, for a long time, clinical oncologists have not been paying enough attention to the fact that poor tumor penetration represents a major impediment to the efficiency of cancer chemotherapeutics. Meanwhile, work in animal models has shown that low permeability of the tumor vasculature and high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) represent substantial barriers to drug delivery (2).
The History of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Medical history has many facets —narrative accounts of discoveries and inventions; biographies of great men; relationships of medicine to the scientific, cultural, and philosophical background of different eras; socioeconomic features; and many others. One of the newer aspects to engage the attention of scholars is the history of particular diseases. Professor Leibowitz has given us a fascinating book on coronary heart disease, perhaps the most important disease of modern life. After a brief introductory survey, a sort of epitome of the book, he makes a detailed exposition of the various texts that can be construed as having to do with coronary heart disease. The periods of antiquity and the Middle Ages give greater difficulty, for the original descriptions were not oriented to 20th-century concepts. Leibowitz, however, indicates passages from Egyptian and biblical sources as well as the classical Greek physicians, the Talmudic and various medieval authors that he interprets as
John Michael Newsom-Davis
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Some neurologists and neuroscientists have made outstanding contribution to basic science, and others to treatment. John Newsom-Davis did both, and his work is credited with transforming the lives of people with myasthenia gravis and related autoimmune brain diseases. He contributed to the discovery that myasthenia gravis was caused by antibodies and, with Anthony Pinching and Keith Peters, showed that plasmapheresis could produce a profound, though short lived, remission. He went on to develop effective treatment using immunosuppressive drugs.
Glutethimide Poisoning
Authors: Arthur J. McBay, George G. Katsas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN a short period glutethimide (Doriden), or alpha-ethyl-alpha-phenyl-glutarimide, has become a very popular nonbarbiturate sedative. In a recent prescription survey the drug was the sixth most popular sedative.1 The five sedatives that preceded it were barbiturates. It is obvious that such popularity may be accompanied by overdosages of the drug.On the basis of the LD50 for mice, it has been estimated that the lethal dose for adult human beings would be about 40 gm. (500–600 mg. per kilogram of body weight).2 Since the usual therapeutic dose is 0.25 to 0.50 gm. there should be an extremely good margin . . .
Semaphorin 3B Inhibits the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway through Neuropilin-1 in Lung and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Emely Castro-Rivera, Sophia Ran, Rolf A. Brekken, John D. Minna
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B), located at 3p21.3, is a secreted member of the semaphorin family important in axonal guidance. SEMA3B undergoes allele and expression loss in lung and breast cancer and can function as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we found that SEMA3B induces apoptosis in tumor cells either by reexpression or when applied as a soluble ligand. SEMA3B-induced apoptosis was mediated, in part, by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor autocrine activity in tumor cells. In the current study, treatment of lung and breast cancer cells with picomolar concentrations of soluble SEMA3B inhibited their growth; induced apoptosis; and was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation, increase in cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage, as well as increased phosphorylation of several proapoptotic proteins, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β, FKHR, and MDM-2. Lung and breast cancer lines resistant to SEMA3B did not show these signaling changes and a tumor-derived missense SEMA3B mutant was inactive in this regard, providing specificity. SEMA3B-mediated inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells were blocked by expressing a constitutively active Akt mutant and are linked to tumor cell expression of neuropilin-1 (Np-1). SEMA3B-insensitive Np-1–negative tumor cells acquired sensitivity to SEMA3B after forced expression of Np-1, whereas SEMA3B-sensitive Np-1–positive tumor cells lost sensitivity to SEMA3B after knockdown of Np-1 by small interfering RNA. We conclude that SEMA3B is a potential tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in SEMA3B-inactivated tumor cells through the Np-1 receptor by inactivating the Akt signaling pathway. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8295–303]
Donor Brain Death Exacerbates Complement-Dependent Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Transplanted Hearts
Authors: Carl Atkinson, Bernhard Floerchinger, Fei Qiao, Sarah Casey, Tucker Williamson, Ellen Moseley, Serban Stoica, Martin Goddard, Xupeng Ge, Stefan G. Tullius, Stephen Tomlinson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Brain death (BD) can immunologically prime the donor organ and is thought to lead to exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation. Using a newly developed mouse model of BD, we investigated the effect of donor BD on posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of a targeted complement inhibitor in recipients of BD donor hearts and addressed the clinical relevance of these studies by analyzing human heart biopsies from BD and domino (living) donors. Methods and Results— Hearts from living or BD donor C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 or BALB/c recipients. Recipient mice were treated with the complement inhibitor CR2-Crry or vehicle control (n=6). Isografts were analyzed 48 hours after transplantation for injury, inflammation, and complement deposition, and allografts were monitored for graft survival. Human cardiac biopsies were analyzed for complement deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the murine model, donor BD exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury and graft rejection, as demonstrated by increased myocardial injury, serum cardiac troponin, cellular infiltration, complement deposition, inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels, and by decreased graft survival. CR2-Crry treatment of recipients significantly reduced all measured outcomes in grafts from both BD and living donors compared with controls. Analysis of human samples documented the relevance of our experimental findings and revealed exacerbated complement deposition and inflammation in grafts from BD donors compared with grafts from living donors. Conclusions— BD exacerbates posttransplantation cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and humans and decreases survival of mouse allografts. Furthermore, targeted complement inhibition in recipient mice ameliorates BD-exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Hereditary Thrombophilia and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: SUSAN MURIN, GREGORY P. MARELICH, ALEJANDRO C. ARROLIGA, RICHARD A. MATTHAY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<RESISTANCE TO ACTIVATED P...PROTHROMBIN 20210A MUTATI...HYPERHOMOCYSTINEMIADEFICIENCIES OF PROTEIN C...TESTING FOR HERITABLE THR...CONCLUSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
STUDIES OF THE DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION OF AXIS CYLINDERS IN VITRO
Authors: Ragnvald Ingebrigtsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

1. The brains of chick embryos, of cats six weeks old, of rabbits two months old, and of dogs three weeks old, when cultivated in vitro, develop long filaments which, according to their growth and their anatomical and tinctorial characters, must be considered as true axis cylinders. 2. Similar structures develop from spinal ganglia of rabbits seven months old, and from the spinal cord of cats six weeks old, and of rabbits two months old. 3. When severed from their origin by section these threads undergo degenerative changes which do not appear after nine hours, but which are seen after twenty hours, and continue until in the course of the following two days the thread degenerates completely. 4. After twenty hours the development of new axis cylinders from the central part of the cut fibers is observed.
Nasal cytology in rhinitis children: comparison between brushing and blowing the nose
Authors: R. Jean, C. Delacourt, P. Rufin, A. Pfister, S. Waernessyckle, J. de Blic, P. Scheinmann
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease in childhood, but nasal cytology is rarely used by pediatricians. We compared two techniques of cell sampling, brushing and blowing the nose, among 77 children suffering from chronic rhinitis, of whom 59 were allergic. Staining by the May‐Griinwald‐Giemsa method enabled the evaluation of the density of cells and especially differential counting of the inflammatory cells. Staining by the Luna method was used as a control for the eosinophils. For the eosinophil count, we found a strong correlation between the two methods of collecting the nasal secretions ( r = 0.96). Because blowing the nose is painless and easy to perform, it is more appropriate than brushing in routine use for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children and in nasal challenge with allergens.
The effect of metallic magnesium degradation products on osteoclast-induced osteolysis and attenuation of NF-κB and NFATc1 signaling
Authors: Zanjing Zhai, Xinhua Qu, Haowei Li, Ke Yang, Peng Wan, Lili Tan, Zhengxiao Ouyang, Xuqiang Liu, Bo Tian, Fei Xiao, Wengang Wang, Chuan Jiang, Tingting Tang, Qiming Fan, An Qin, Kerong Dai
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A NEW METHOD OF TREATING THE BROAD LIGAMENT STUMPS IN VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY.
Authors: E. C. DUDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

exciting cause of hay fever in certain cases, the failure to obtain relief by some of these patients does not supply positive proof that the extracts of solidago and ambrosia are not beneficial, for it is possible that'with these pa- tients the negative results might have been avoided had we added, to the remedies the fluid extracts from various other blossoms, such as those of Indian corn, timothy, June grass, etc.
Warfarin skin necrosis.
Authors: R. RUSSELL JONES, J. CUNNINGHAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Necrosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue is a rare complication of therapy of with oral anticoagulants, and is related to the use of loading-dose regimes. Three cases are reported, and demonstrate that the principal histopathological feature is thrombosis within the subcutaneous vasculature. The effect of large doses of anticoagulant on the levels of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors provides a satisfactory model for the temporal sequence of events in this syndrome. The occurrence of intravascular thrombosis with low or absent levels of Factor VII indicates that the intrinsic clotting system is of primary importance in venous thrombosis. This complication of anticoagulant therapy is not seen if loading-dose regimes are avoided.
Laboratory evaluation of aspirin responsiveness
Authors: Kristi J. Smock, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Aspirin is the most commonly used antiplatelet medication. Laboratory monitoring of aspirin response has recently become a topic of interest due to potential impacts on patient management and clinical outcomes. This article summarizes available laboratory testing of aspirin response with focus on technical issues, limitations, and current opinion on the utility of routine patient testing.
US medical training must adapt to reflect modern needs, say workforce planners
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</b> Functional MR imaging (fMRI) is rapidly evolving and claims to complement or even substitute intraoperative mapping (IOM) of language functions. However, little is known about the reproducibility of imaging data in the language domain. The aim of our study was to assess the reproducibility of activations for 2 widely used paradigms: naming and word generation. Individual analysis was focused on the Broca area and the left insula. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</b> We examined 13 healthy right-handed subjects in 3 sessions with fMRI. Two conditions were assessed: overt naming and overt naming plus noun generation. The same stimuli were used in all of the sessions. A random-effects analysis was performed to analyze whole-brain activation on a group level. For the regions of interest, the number of voxels classified as active were counted for each subject, and individual reproducibility coefficients were calculated over sessions. <b>RESULTS:</b> For the naming condition, the random-effects analysis did not reveal significant activations in the specified regions; small individual activations were not reproducible. For the combined task, all of the subjects showed activations in the Broca area that were more extensive and reproducible than in the naming task. Activations in the insula were only poorly reproducible. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Naming is an approved task in IOM but does not identify the Broca area with fMRI in a reproducible way. Priming may have affected our results, but the use of a combined task, in which naming is paired with noun generation, improves the reproducibility of activations and is also suitable for IOM.
T-Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity May Be Involved in Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Akira Shimada, Jiro Morimoto, Keiichi Kodama, Yoichi Oikawa, Junichiro Irie, Yoshinori Nakagawa, Shosaku Narumi, Takao Saruta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

According to the new classification of diabetes by the American Diabetes Association (1,2), type 1B diabetes is considered to be “idiopathic,” i.e., of unknown origin. However, the existence of type 1B diabetes itself has not yet been defined. Recently, a subtype of type 1B diabetes, so-called “fulminant” type 1 diabetes, has been proposed (3). This type of type 1 diabetes is characterized by the following criteria: 1 ) no detectable “islet-associated” autoantibody; 2 ) regardless of diabetic ketoacidosis, near-normal HbA1c levels, suggesting extremely acute onset; and 3 ) high levels of pancreatic exocrine enzymes. On pancreatic biopsy in this type of type 1 diabetes, no insulitis is found, although infiltration of T-cells in exocrine tissue is observed. On the other hand, Tanaka et al. (4) reported that, at autopsy, clear CD8-dominant insulitis …
Research pointers: Platelet responsiveness to aspirin in patients with hyperlipidaemia
Authors: M. Friend
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Our findings confirm lower rates of lung cancer for south Asian men than non-south Asian men but suggest differing trends, with incidence increasing among south Asian men but falling among non-south Asians.There is a tendency to emphasise the importance of cancers such as those of the head and neck among south Asians because they are relatively more common than in the majority UK population.However, Bhopal and Rankin also highlight the need to look at absolute numbers of cancer cases, 2 which show that lung cancer is the commonest cancer for both south Asian and non-south Asian men.With smoking rates higher among UK south Asians aged 30-49 years than those aged 50-74, 4 lung cancer prevention is a high priority.Health promotion programmes should target the whole population, and the tendency to dismiss south Asians as "low risk" populations for smoking related disease needs to be revised.We thank Louise Hollingworth for her help in providing data from the Trent Cancer Registry.Material from Crown
Patient-Physician Interactions and Electronic Health Records—Reply
Authors: Amina A. White, Marion Danis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type monitored with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: M. Liu, S.J. Shan, T. Xiao, Y.F. Yin, J. Wu, H.C. Wei, H.D. Chen, C.D. He
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article A case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type monitored with fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography Get access M. Liu, M. Liu Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.J. Shan, S.J. Shan Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Xiao, T. Xiao Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.F. Yin, Y.F. Yin Nuclear Medicine, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health (China Medical University), Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wu, J. Wu Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.C. Wei, H.C. Wei Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.D. Chen, H.D. Chen Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.D. He C.D. He Departments of Dermatology Correspondence: C.D. He. E‐mail: chundihe@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 3, 1 March 2009, Pages 713–716, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08997.x Published: 01 March 2009
Preparation, Premedication, and Surveillance
Authors: M. Lazzaroni, G. Bianchi Porro
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

In the year since the last review, continuing pressure on endoscopy suites to improve efficiency and reduce costs without compromising patient care has led to growing interest in alternatives to pharmacological sedation and in the use of short-acting sedatives. Relaxation music, acupuncture, and the use of small-caliber endoscopes for unsedated peroral gastroscopy have therefore been suggested as ways of increasing tolerance and reducing discomfort. With regard to ultrathin and superthin endoscopes, the results are interesting, but further data from controlled trials and in studies including larger numbers of patients are still needed.The form of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy that has attracted greatest interest over the last year is the use by nonanesthetists of intravenous propofol, administered either alone at standard doses to achieve deep sedation, or at lower doses combined with benzodiazepines and opioids to achieve moderate sedation/analgesia. In comparison with benzodiazepines/opioids, the results were in favor of propofol: the mean time to sedation was shorter and the depth of sedation was greater. In addition, patients receiving propofol reached full recovery earlier and were discharged sooner. However, in the survey of patient satisfaction at discharge, it was found that the sedation methods did not have a significant impact on overall patient satisfaction. Some important issues concerning the narrow therapeutic range of propofol and the need for adequate training of endoscopists to deal with any problems related to deep sedation are still open - despite the growing amount of data suggesting that the drug is safe even when administered by registered nurses, an approach that is possibly more cost-effective than delivery by gastroenterologists or anesthetists.The morbidity and mortality associated with cardiopulmonary complications continue to be a significant concern during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Professional societies and national expert peer groups have issued practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia that call for continuous monitoring of the patient's hemodynamic and ventilatory status and consciousness. Direct observation is facilitated by electronic devices (pulse oximetry, capnography), directly indicating the patient's ventilatory status and the depth of sedation. Recently, it has been proposed that the bispectral index (BIS), an electroencephalography-based technique, can be used to monitor the depth of sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, the results of a recent study cast some doubt on the usefulness of the BIS, in its current version, for titrating boluses of propofol to an adequate level of sedation. Further data therefore appear to be needed to assess whether or not BIS values can help avoid unnecessary propofol dosage and can replace continuous assessment of the ventilatory effort.