tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Serum Concentrations of Digoxin
Authors: PAUL E. ROLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1983Anomalous Serum Concentrations of DigoxinPAUL E. ROLAN, M.D., B.S., DEREK B. FREWIN, M.D., STEPHEN R. HAGLEYPAUL E. ROLAN, M.D., B.S.Search for more papers by this author, DEREK B. FREWIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN R. HAGLEYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-280_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest Craver and Valdes' report (1) of a patient with renal failure in whom serum digoxin continued to rise despite cessation of therapy. We have seen a similar phenomenon in a 75-year-old man, who was admitted to the hospital with multiple trauma and subsequently developed acute renal and hepatic failure. The patient was not on maintenance digoxin. He was given a total of 1 mg digoxin intravenously, in two doses. All of the five serum digoxin estimations in the next 10 days were above the therapeutic range of 0.6 to 2.3 nmol/litre. The highest...References1. CRAVER J and VALDES R. Anomalous serum digoxin concentrations in uremia. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:483-4. AbstractGoogle Scholar2. ARONSON J and GRAHAME-SMITH D. Altered distribution of digoxin in renal failure—a cause of digoxin toxicity? Br J Clin Pharm. 1976;3:1045-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL E. ROLAN, M.D., B.S.; DEREK B. FREWIN, M.D.; STEPHEN R. HAGLEYAffiliations: Box 498, G.P.O. The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia 5001 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDelayed digoxin toxicity following discontinuance in acute renal failure 1 August 1983Volume 99, Issue 2Page: 280-280KeywordsAcute renal failureAttentionRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Screening for fragile X is cost effective and accurate
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Screening for the fragile X syndrome is both accurate and cost effective and should now be considered for inclusion in a national screening programme, concludes a new report commissioned by the NHS Executive's research and development programme on health technology assessment ( Journal of Medical Screening 1997;4:60-94).

DNA testing to screen for the disorder is now technically feasible. However, although the technology has been available for some time, there has been some reluctance to …
Correction: Is the Current Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Really Evidence Based?
Authors: Jean-Louis Vincent
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 9: doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030346

The competing interests statement was incomplete and should have read: “Jean-Louis Vincent is the current chairman of the International Sepsis Forum, and a member of the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. His personal views do not necessarily reflect those of the other members of these committees. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign has received funding from Eli Lilly, Baxter, and Edwards. The International Sepsis Forum is currently sponsored by bioMerieux, Biosite, Brahms Diagnostics, EBI, Eli Lilly Corporation, Eisai Global Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Spectral Diagnostics, Takeda, and Toray. The author declares that he has received grants and/or honorariums from AstraZeneca, Baxter, bioMerieux, Biosite, Brahms Diagnostics, Edwards LifeSciences, Eli Lilly Corporation, Eisai Global Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, Spectral Diagnostics, Takeda, Toray, and Wyeth.”
How to avoid injury
Authors: A. Bogacz, B. Paterson, A. Babber, S. Menelaws, T. Drew
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The onset of spring is guaranteed to see family trampolines being dusted off and children attending hospital with trampoline related injuries.1 We analysed 50 cases presenting to the accident and emergency department at this hospital over six weeks in comparison with the safety guidelines of the Royal Society for the Prevention …
Philip Samuel Weston Wilkins
Authors: J. Owen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Most olfactometers used to study human olfaction have stimulus durations of more than 1 second and often lasting minutes(Dravnieks 1975; Leland <i>et al</i>. 2001; Schmidt and Cain 2010). During long stimulations, olfactory receptor responses and their resulting behaviors are modulated by adaptation and habituation to the stimulus(Pellegrino <i>et al</i>. 2017; Rankin 2009; Wilson and Linster 2008). For example, EOG results from the first deorphanized olfactory receptor tissue reached a maximum in ∼1 s, dropping to 1/2 maximum in the next second, and showing little signal reduction until the stimulation stopped after 6 seconds(Zhao <i>et al</i>. 1998). Longer stimulations can result in complete habituation; receptors still respond even though the behavior shows complete habituation (Barwich 2014). To minimize the effects of adaption and habituation on stimulus responses, the sniff olfactometer (SO) combined the precision of a blast olfactometer with the gentleness of a stream olfactometer by blasting a brief odorant puff (70ms duration) into a subject’s self-imposed inhalation air stream(Rochelle 2017; Rochelle <i>et al</i>. 2017b; Wyckoff and Acree 2017). Here we describe SO protocols for threshold determinations of odorants in aqueous headspaces using odorant recognition probabilities associated with Log(odorant-concentrations(Rochelle <i>et al</i>. 2017a)). During a single trial a subject, preconditioned to associate a veridical name with a given odor (e.g., a pyrazine with “nuts” when the odor was detected and “not nuts” if it wasn’t) was cued to “inhale” and 750ms later, a 15ml-70ms puff of odorant headspace was delivered into their inhalation airstream. A session consisted of 12 randomized double-blind trials of 3 different odorant concentrations. Additional sessions with different concentrations were conducted until the response probability to the samples ranged from below 0.2 to above 0.8. The robustness of the fitted function and the size of their confidence intervals depended on the difference between the concentrations of the odorants during a single session: small differences in sample concentration resulted in the data failing to fit a logistic function; larger concentration differences resulted in a better fit to the model. However, if one of the stimuli had no odorant at all <i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., a blank, the response to the blank was random.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: The Name Matters—Reply
Authors: Shane O’Hanlon, Richard Liston, Norman Delanty
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Feedback consistency effects
Authors: Johannes C. Ziegler, Guy C. Van Orden
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Models are not adequately evaluated simply by whether they capture the data, after the fact. Other criteria are needed. One criterion is parsimony; but utility and generality are at least as important. Even with respect to parsimony, however, the case against feedback is not as straightforward as Norris et al. present it. We use feedback consistency effects to illustrate these points.
Stories of Sickness
Authors: Helle Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Books dealing with medicine and literature are receiving more and more attention, and the quality of scholarly work in the field is already quite high and rising. The text reviewed here is a further example of excellence in this area. Howard Brody, MD, teaches medicine and philosophy at Michigan State University. His book is the culmination of years of his teaching experience. One of his conclusions, simply stated, is that one way to produce more compassionate physicians is to teach medical ethics through courses in medicine and literature. We are in wholehearted agreement with Dr Brody's thesis and conclusion. Getting to this conclusion is the fun part of reading this book. The first three chapters deal with the philosophical tenets that underlie Brody's analysis of medicine and literature. For example, illness can make us different persons while we still remain the same person; or sickness can alter the individual's self-respect.
Spatial dynamics of TRAIL death receptors in cancer cells
Authors: Julianne D. Twomey, Su-Ryun Kim, Liqun Zhao, William P. Bozza, Baolin Zhang
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2015)

TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells without harming most normal cells. Currently, multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the antitumor activity of recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and agonistic antibodies that target death receptors (DRs) 4 or 5. It is encouraging that these products have shown a tolerated safety profile in early phase studies. However, their therapeutic potential is likely limited by the emergence of tumor drug resistance phenomena. Increasing evidence indicates that TRAIL DRs are deficient on the plasma membrane of some cancer cells despite their total protein expression. Notably, the lack of surface DR4/DR5 is sufficient to render cancers resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, regardless of the status of other apoptosis signaling components. The current review highlights recent findings on the dynamic expression of TRAIL death receptors, including the regulatory roles of endocytosis, autophagy, and Ras GTPase-mediated signaling events. This information could aid in the identification of novel predictive biomarkers of tumor response as well as the development of combinational drugs to overcome or bypass tumor drug resistance to TRAIL receptor-targeted therapies.
Use of Optical Immunoassay to Diagnose Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Jane C. Dale
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article by Dr Gerber and colleagues<sup>1</sup>reporting an office-based multicenter investigation of the optical immunoassay (OIA) test for group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis, the authors concluded that "with adequately trained personnel, negative OIA test results may not always need to be routinely confirmed with blood agar plate (BAP) cultures." We believe the authors' conclusions are based less on the quality of the testing personnel or the performance specifications of the OIA and more on the quality of the BAP culture procedure used in the study. Presumptive differentiation of GABHS and non—group A streptococci may be accomplished by the bacitracin test, in which a zone of inhibition is noted on a pure subculture of β-hemolytic colonies. Bacitracin disks placed on primary cultures on nonselective media, as was done in this study, may detect as little as 54% of group A streptococci.<sup>2</sup>We compared
Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: L. A. DISTILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 December 1973Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs in HyperthyroidismL. A. DISTILLER, F.C.P.(S.A.), B. I. JOFFE, M.R.C.P., H. C. SEFTEL, DIP. MED.L. A. DISTILLER, F.C.P.(S.A.)Search for more papers by this author, B. I. JOFFE, M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. C. SEFTEL, DIP. MED.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-6-899 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Various sympatholytic drugs have been used in the symptomatic management of hyperthyroidism (1, 2): overall sympathetic blocking agents, non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers, and cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonists. Because of the differing pharmacological effects of these drugs they are unlikely to be equally beneficial (3), but their relative efficacies have not been assessed objectively. We have tried to resolve the issue.Eleven women, aged from 20 to 48 years, with clearcut clinical and biochemical evidence of primary hyperthyroidism, were studied. All had sinus tachycardia but no evidence of cardiac failure. They were hospitalized during the study. Biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism...References1. PIMSTONEJOFFE BB: The use of propranolol in the surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis. S Afr Med J 14:1059-1061, 1970 Google Scholar2. RIDDLESCHWARTZ MT: New tactics for hyperthyroidism: sympathetic blockade (editorial). Ann Intern Med 72:749-751, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar3. Editorial: Beta-receptor antagonists. Lancet 1:1380, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. WAYNE E: Clinical and metabolic studies in thyroid disease. Br Med J 1:1-11, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BARRETT A: The pharmacology of practolol. Postgrad Med J 47 (suppl):7-ll, 1971 Google Scholar6. EPSTEINPIMSTONE SB: Practolol in hyperthyroid cardiac failure. S Afr Med J 45:812-814, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Medical School University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByComparative trial of propranolol and practolol in hyperthyroidism. 1 December 1973Volume 79, Issue 6Page: 899-900KeywordsDrugsHeart failureHyperthyroidismTachycardia Issue Published: 1 December 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genomic instability in the type II TGF-beta1 receptor gene in atherosclerotic and restenotic vascular cells.
Authors: T A McCaffrey, B Du, S Consigli, P Szabo, P J Bray, L Hartner, B B Weksler, T A Sanborn, G Bergman, H L Bush
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cells proliferating from human atherosclerotic lesions are resistant to the antiproliferative effect of TGF-beta1, a key factor in wound repair. DNA from human atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions was used to test the hypothesis that microsatellite instability leads to specific loss of the Type II receptor for TGF-beta1 (TbetaR-II), causing acquired resistance to TGF-beta1. High fidelity PCR and restriction analysis was adapted to analyze deletions in an A10 microsatellite within TbetaR-II. DNA from lesions, and cells grown from lesions, showed acquired 1 and 2 bp deletions in TbetaR-II, while microsatellites in the hMSH3 and hMSH6 genes, and hypermutable regions of p53 were unaffected. Sequencing confirmed that these deletions occurred principally in the replication error-prone A10 microsatellite region, though nonmicrosatellite mutations were observed. The mutations could be identified within specific patches of the lesion, while the surrounding tissue, or unaffected arteries, exhibited the wild-type genotype. This microsatellite deletion causes frameshift loss of receptor function, and thus, resistance to the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of TGF-beta1. We propose that microsatellite instability in TbetaR-II disables growth inhibitory pathways, allowing monoclonal selection of a disease-prone cell type within some vascular lesions.
Immune response to cyclin B1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: G. Covini, E. K. Chan, M. Nishioka, S. A. Morshed, S. I. Reed, E. M. Tan
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Proteins expressed by plasmids encoding human cyclins and cyclin–dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) were used as antigens in immunoblotting. Fifteen of 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were found to have autoantibodies reactive with cyclin B1 and with a 40–kd degradation product of cyclin B1–glutathione–S–transferase (GST) fusion protein. Only one serum was found to react with cyclin A and another single serum with CDK2 but no antibodies were detected to cyclin D1 and E. The basis for autoimmune responses to cyclin B1 in HCC are unknown at the present time but the possibilities might include aberrations in cyclin B1 regulation leading to altered product or its expression which resulted in stimulation of immune reactions.
Blood Glucose Control During Pregnancy
Authors: Jay S Skyler, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Euan G Robertson, Denise L Skyler, Kathleen K Holsinger, Ilene A Lasky, Allen G W McLeod, Gene Burkett, Daniel H Mintz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Pregnant diabetic women represent a unique category of patient in whom diabetic control is most desirable, since even minor degrees of hyperglycemia have adverse effects on the conceptus. In 18 insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women (White Class B, N = 4; C, N = 5; D, N = 7; and R, N =2), we have utilized a therapeutic program consisting of intensive patient education, a multiple-component insulin regimen (two to four injections daily), careful dietary control, and meticulous balancing of food, activity, and insulin dosage, monitoring such balance with patient-determined blood glucose measurements four to seven times daily using the Dextrostix/Eyetone system. Our goals for blood glucose management have been to attain fasting levels of 60-90 mg/dl, preprandial levels less than 105 mg/dl, and postprandial levels less than 120 mg/dl, in the absence of significant hypoglycemia. We have been able to attain these goals for most of the period of monitoring in the majority of these patients, while in the others we have achieved marked improvement in diabetic control, although we did not consistently attain our goals. Despite this, there was not infrequent neonatal morbidity, including a 33% frequency of macrosomia, an 11% frequency of significant hypoglycemia, and a 22% frequency of congenital malformation. Nevertheless, all infants survived and are generally healthy, whereas only 38% of 21 previous pregnancies in these same women have eventuated in living offspring. Thus, although further refinement is clearly indicated, it appears that our approach has resulted in improved pregnancy outcome. Patient self-monitoring of blood glucose is a procedure that is relatively simple, practical, acceptable to patients, and facilitates the attainment of glycemic control.
Statin treatment for primary prevention of vascular disease: whom to treat? Cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: J. Greving, F. Visseren, G. de Wit, A. Algra
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To assess the cost-effectiveness of low dose statins for primary prevention of vascular disease, incorporating current prices, non-adherence (reduced clinical efficacy while maintaining healthcare costs), and the results of the recently published JUPITER trial.Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model. Sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation evaluated the robustness of the results.Primary care in The Netherlands.Hypothetical populations of men and women aged 45 to 75 years without a history of vascular disease at different levels of risk for vascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke) over 10 years.Low dose statin treatment daily versus no treatment for 10 years.Number of fatal and nonfatal vascular events prevented, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios over 10 years.Over a 10-year period, statin treatment cost €35 000 (£30 000, $49 000) per QALY gained for men aged 55 years with a 10-year vascular risk of 10%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio improved as risk for vascular disease increased. The cost per QALY ranged from approximately €5000 to €125 000 when the 10-year vascular risk for men aged 55 years was varied from 25% to 5%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio slightly decreased with age after the level of vascular risk was specified. Results were sensitive to the costs of statin treatment, statin effectiveness, non-adherence, disutility of taking medication daily, and the time horizon of the model.In daily practice, statin treatment seemed not to be cost-effective for primary prevention in populations at low risk of vascular disease, despite low costs of generic drug pills. Adherence to statin treatment needs to be improved to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the use of statins for primary prevention.
Training in gastroenterology in the south west: results of a survey of trainees and training leads
Authors: E. A. Arthurs, T. Mehta, N. Hare, C. Sieberhagen, S. Pugh, M. Lockett
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Feedback on training posts is collected by a variety of different sources; individual deaneries, PMETB and the Royal College of Physicians. The quality panel for gastroenterology training was developed to review the quality of training in the region. The panel found feedback on training posts to be of variable quality, incomplete, and difficult to analyse. The aim was to create a specific, reproducible method of assessing gastroenterology and general internal medicine (GIM) training, to provide feedback on individual posts in order to inform the training committee, quality panel, and the deanery and facilitate improvements in training. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was designed comprising 55 questions within 7 domains of gastroenterology training. The questions were determined based on previous surveys and other areas of importance according to consensus of consultant and trainee opinion. It was emailed to all registrars and training leads in the Severn and Peninsula deaneries. Data was collected anonymously for the last 3 years of training. Answers correlated to a numerical score, with high scores correlating with high quality. Mean scores were calculated per domain, per trust; a total score was then calculated. Differences between the mean trainee and training lead scores were calculated. The data was presented to the quality panel and the training committees. Individual feedback was given to each trust. <h3>Results</h3> 59 anonymised responses were received from trainees for all 14 hospitals within the South West region. Responses by trust varied from 3 to 9. 10 responses were received from training leads. The mean overall numerical scores from the trainees was 26.1 (range 24.4–28.6) for the Severn deanery, and 27.7 (range 23.9–30) for the Peninsula deanery. All trusts scored lowest in the provision of training in GIM with a mean score of 3.1 (range 2.7–3.6) in the Severn deanery, and 3.2 (range 2.8–3.9); educational support scored highest with a mean score of 4.4 (range 3.4–4.8) for the Severn deanery and 4.3 (range 3.6–4.8) for the Peninsula deanery. Trainer scoring of the trainee experience exceeded that reported by registrars with the exception of one trust, where the scoring was equal. The mean overall numerical scores from the training leads was 29.7 (range 28.3–32.2) for the Severn deanery, and 29.4 (range 28.1–30.6) for the Peninsula deanery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Creation of a new survey achieved a good response rate and generated gastroenterology specific outcomes, and relevant data. This method of assessing training facilitates informed feedback to trusts and an accurate assessment of training from the perspective of both training leads and trainees. The methodology is reproducible and allows for comparative assessment.