tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Iodide Inhibition of Thyroid Hormonogenesis.
Authors: Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Patterns of Iodide Inhibition of Thyroid Hormonogenesis.Herbert A. Selenkow, M.D., F.A.C.P., Antonio M. Garcia, M.D.Herbert A. Selenkow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Antonio M. Garcia, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-719_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe goitrogenic and therapeutic properties of stable iodide have been appreciated for many years, yet the nature, extent, and site of biochemical block remain unclear. In hyperthyroidism, iodide exerts a salutary effect by reducing thyroid hormone release through impedance of thyroglobulin proteolysis. This action, although evanescent, results from either direct inhibition of proteolytic enzymes or from interference with thyrotropic activity. More recently, iodide has also been shown to inhibit thyroidal oxidative iodination of tyrosine. This biochemical lesion is analogous to an inborn error of thyroid hormonogenesis causing goitrous cretinism.Renewed interest in thyroidal iodide pathways has stimulated further investigation of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Herbert A. Selenkow, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Antonio M. Garcia, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4 Page: 719-719 Keywords Enzymes Hyperthyroidism Lesions Proteolysis Thyroglobulin Thyroid Thyroid hormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
AMPK inhibition enhances apoptosis in MLL-rearranged pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: B Accordi, L Galla, G Milani, M Curtarello, V Serafin, V Lissandron, G Viola, G te Kronnie, R De Maria, E F Petricoin, L A Liotta, S Indraccolo, G Basso
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy: Synthesis of antigliadin antibody in vitro
Authors: Z. M. Falchuk, W. Strober
Journal: Gut (1974)

The intestinal mucosa of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy responds to gluten challenge in vivo with a striking increase in IgA and IgM synthesis. Whether this increase in immunoglobulin synthesis is due in some part to the production of antigliadin antibodies is examined. Using an affinity chromatography technique it has been demonstrated that in six of seven patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy approximately half of the net increase in IgA and IgM synthesis occurring after gluten challenge can be attributed to the synthesis of antigliadin antibody. These data strengthen the hypothesis that immunological phenomena are related to the pathogenesis of glutensensitive enteropathy.
Der Wert der Laparoskopie für die Diagnostik der Echinokokkose der Leber
Authors: J. Solis-Herruzo, J. Pardo-Rueda
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Out of 500 peritoneoscopies 23 patients with echinococcus were found. Correct diagnosis was established by clinico-, radiologico- biological means in 10, by peritoneoscopy in 20, in 3 patients by laparotomy. False diagnosis of hydatidosis was made in 2 patients with nephrogenic cysts which caused some displacement of the posterior surface of the liver. Thickening of the wall of the cyst and irregular vascularization may render the diagnosis more difficult, the use of a probe may be helpful in differentiating metastases. Adhesions near the cysts were found in about 50 per cent of the patients, which in 3 subjects impeded visualization. Anaphylactic reactions may occur after puncture of a cystic lesion.
A Simple Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Biagio Battaglia
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The insertion of a 24F catheter tube into a pneumothorax space produces a cosmetically undesirable scar.<sup>1</sup>Air leakage around the catheter and secondary infection of the space may occur. Surgical exploration of patients who are undesirable surgical risks may then become mandatory. Prompt expansion of a spontaneous pneumothorax can be achieved by a simple technique using equipment available on most hospital wards: a No. 14 plastic catheter for intravenous use; a needle which fits that catheter; two sterile sets of plastic intravenous tubing, of the kind that can be attached to a needle hub on one end and to a glass tubing on the other; and a vacuum-sealed 600-cc blood-collecting bottle. The two sets of intravenous tubing are made one by connecting the open ends. The two other ends are available for attachment to (1) a needle leading into the thoracic cage via the plastic catheter,
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Russell C. Cattley
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Drs Newman and Hulley<sup>1</sup>suggests that rodent hepatocarcinogenicity of fibrate drugs such as gemfibrozil indicates increased risk of cancer in patients on long-term, preventive therapy for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the mechanism of rodent hepatocarcinogenicity for fibrates is not predictive of human cancer risk. Fibrates produce striking adaptive changes in rodent liver following oral administration, including hepatomegaly, hyperplasia, increased hepatocellular peroxisomal volume, and enzyme induction.<sup>2</sup>These drugs and most (perhaps all) so-called peroxisome proliferators do not cause mutations. Rather, their carcinogenic activity has been attributed to the adaptive effects described above, notably the modulation of cell proliferation and the induction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-producing, peroxisomal fatty acyl coenzyme A oxidase (ACO) activity in hepatocytes. In rodent studies in which incidence of liver tumors is increased, it is usual to observe a doubling of absolute liver weights and at
Early fetal growth and risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Authors: C. E. M. Aiken, G. C. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Let’s start at the very beginning

Some readers’ principal response to the paper by Jaddoe and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g14) may be bemusement.1 Why would anyone link growth of the fetus in the first trimester to risk factors for the cardiovascular killers of middle age? However, the rationale for the study is based around two large bodies of work that have concluded that fetal growth restriction is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular—and many other—diseases in later life,2 and also that fetal growth is profoundly influenced by conditions in the first trimester of pregnancy.3 Jaddoe and colleagues report new associations between apparently poor growth in the first trimester and a range of cardiovascular risk factors measured in school age children. Are the associations likely to be real? What mechanisms might be operating if they are? Lastly, what should we be doing about it?

Many aspects of this carefully conducted prospective cohort study support the validity of the conclusions. However, as the authors acknowledge, the possibility remains that some of their significant associations may …
The Surgical Management of Ununited Fractures of the Tibia
Authors: Henry R. McCarroll
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Thirty-one patients with complicated ununited fractures of the tibia were treated by placing Phemister-type bone grafts of cortical and cancellous bone across the interosseous space in an attempt to produce a synostosis between the tibia and the fibula. In each case the site was drained postoperatively and drainage was continued for ten days with a massive pressure dressing. In nine cases, preliminary pedicle skin flaps were necessary to replace overlying scars or defects. In all cases but two, bony union was obtained sufficient to permit weight-bearing and to enable the patient to return to work.
Occurrence and methods of control of chemical contaminants in foods.
Authors: C Jelinek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Contamination of food by chemicals can result from their use on agricultural commodities; accidents or misuse during food handling and processing; nucler weapon testing and operation of nuclear power plants; and disposal of industrial chemicals or by-products with subsequent dispersal into the environment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as the Federal agency mainly responsible for evaluating the hazards of chemical contaminants and enforcing any established tolerance levels for them in foods, has been monitoring pesticides, industrial chemicals, metals, and radionuclides in foods in its nationwide programs for many years. In addition, FDA searches for potential contaminants among the approximately 50,000 industrial chemicals manufactured in the United States and coordinates its efforts with those of other Federal and state agencies in these investigations. The overall results of the FDA surveillance and compliance programs for chemical contaminants in foods, as well as specific examples illustrating the wide range of incidents and types of occurrences, are presented.
A Phenomenology of Scut
Authors: Robert S. A. Hayward, Rockwood Kenneth, Gerry J. Sheehan, Eric B. Bass
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To identify, describe, and quantify the night-call duties that residents in internal medicine call "scutwork" and to compare faculty and residents' perceptions of scutwork. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: General internal medicine training program at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Participants: Forty-eight residents who spent 3 months or more on an internal medicine teaching unit during the previous year and 41 faculty members who spent 2 months or more on one of these units. Interventions: Postcall surveys and night-call diaries were used to analyze residents' activities, to derive a definition of scutwork, and to estimate its prevalence. Residents and faculty then completed a detailed questionnaire that included ratings of the educational value, "scut content," and residents' responsibility for 20 specific tasks. Main Results: Eighty-three percent of residents found scutwork and education to be mutually exclusive for the 20 tasks, although 20% indicated that scutwork was an appropriate task for residents. Residents' ratings of tasks as scut varied according to the context of the task. For example, obtaining routine consent from someone else's patient was considered scutwork by 98% of residents, whereas obtaining such consent from the resident's own patient was rated as scutwork by only 52% (P < 0.01). Similarly, performing intravenous cannulation at the request of ward staff was rated as scut by 94% of residents, whereas performing cannulation at another resident's request was rated as scut by 56% (P < 0.01). Night-time admission of a patient for an elective procedure was rated as scut by 75% of residents, whereas admission of such a patient after discussion with a faculty member was labeled scut by only 44% (P < 0.01). Faculty ratings of such admissions did not show the same variation (24% for both). Faculty were more likely than residents to assess tasks as educational (50% compared with 26%, P < 0.01) but were less likely to consider tasks as scutwork (47% compared with 62%, P = 0.12) or as work that should be done by nonresidents (35% compared with 46%, P > 0.2). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the characteristics of scutwork can be identified, that the perception of scut varies between faculty and residents, and that the context of a task often determines whether residents perceive it as scut.
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE UPPER CONJUNCTIVAL FORNIX
Authors: T. Colley
Journal: BMJ (1930)

J-D)aiiiare consists in, exposure of the cyst, evacuiationi of thte contents, renmoval of the endocyst, azd fixation of the tube.Whlere possible in these cases I usually suture the parietal peritoneum around the proposed site-of (Irainage as a protection, against leakige, bu't in large or iultiple cysts this is niot feasible.Preliminiiiary steriliza- tion of the contents by injection of formalin is practised in all methods.The dturation of post-operative drainage varies w-itlh the size and nature of the cyst.The wounild is generally healed in three weeks; in somiie cases, how-eVer, discharge may continue for many weeks, and is often bile-stained; occasionally a trLoublesome sinu-is persists, which in'ay require radical treatmiient.T'hiis is a simple and satM.factorymetlhod of dealing with tlie miajority of cysts.-Droiaicage with Partial Oblitcration.-The es.sxenitial differ- enCCe betw-een this methodl and that of sinmple drainage is tllat an attempt is imiade to diminish hle size of tlle ectocyst by approximating its walls.In the tlhree eases thuils treated this hlas been effected )y means of super- imiiposed layvers of contilnllolis Catout sutuires after excisionl of as iuncehi of the ml-emlbranie as possible.The cavity ihas
Isidore Snapper (1889-1973) and Quantitative Assay of Fecal Hemoglobin
Authors: J.H.P. WILSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1985Isidore Snapper (1889-1973) and Quantitative Assay of Fecal HemoglobinJ.H.P. WILSON, J.C. BIRKENHAEGERJ.H.P. WILSONSearch for more papers by this author, J.C. BIRKENHAEGERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-5-721_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The new quantitative assay for fecal hemoglobin reported by Ahlquist and associates (1) is a highly sensitive and specific test for occult blood that allows the quantification of both total fecal heme and the fraction converted to porphyrins by gut flora. The conversion fraction provides an indication of the level of the bleeding lesion.A brief historical note on the conversion of heme to porphyrins in the gut is perhaps of interest. In 1919, Isidore Snapper, then Professor of Medicine at the University of Amsterdam, reported (2) a spectroscopic method for measuring both heme and porphyrins in...References1. AHLQUISTMCGILLSCHWARTZTAYLORELLEFSONOWEN DDSWMR. HemoQuant, a new quantitative assay for fecal hemoglobin: comparison with Hemoccult. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:297-302. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SNAPPER I. Über die Notwendigkeit, die spektroskopische Methode für den Nachweis von Blut in den Fäces zu benutzen (enterogenes Entstehen vom Porphyrinen aus Blutfarbstoff). Arch Verdauungskr. 1919;25:230-40. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SNAPPERDALMEIER IJ. Die Bedeuting des Abbaues von Blutfarbstoff im Darm zu Porphyrin fur den Nachweis de okkulten Blutes in den Fäces. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1921;47:985-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. DALMEYER J. De beteekenis van het voorkomen van porphyrinen in de faeces [Dissertation]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam; 1921. Google Scholar5. ALTMANNKALLNER MA. Die Hämatoporphyrinprobe in der Diagnostik okkulter Blutungen. Arch Verdauungskr. 1934;45:169-72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J.H.P. WILSON; J.C. BIRKENHAEGERAffiliations: Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus University P.O. Box 1738; Rotterdam The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Effect of Nazism on Medical Progress in Gastroenterology: The Inefficiency of Evil 1 May 1985Volume 102, Issue 5Page: 721-721KeywordsHematologic testsHemeHemoglobinHemorrhageLesionsPorphyrins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS OF THE LEG BY INJECTIONS
Authors: J. Dunbar
Journal: BMJ (1925)

f Mri cAL JOuBnAL very rare; indeed, MacCallan and Rasheed Bev have niever seen the accommodator muscle affectedl in any of their cases.All varieties of membranious conjunictivitis mlay be accom- paiiied by glanduilar enlargement.Wrhen it occurs in epi- (lemics true diphtherial coniunctivitis appears to pass from eye to eye, and it is rare.to get a history of conltact witl
Noninvasive study of left ventricular performance in obese patients: influence of duration of obesity.
Authors: T Nakajima, S Fujioka, K Tokunaga, K Hirobe, Y Matsuzawa, S Tarui
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We studied the performance of the left ventricle in 35 obese patients by means of noninvasive methods, including echocardiography, carotid arterial pulse tracing, and phonocardiography. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of obesity: group 1 included patients who had been obese for less than 15 years, and group 2 comprised patients who had been obese for more than 15 years. There were no differences in the degree of obesity and cellularity of adipose tissue between two groups. Left ventricular dimension and wall thickness, stroke volume, and cardiac output were significantly greater in both groups of obese patients than in nonobese control subjects. Group 2 had a significantly increased end-diastolic dimension index (DdI, calculated as end-diastolic dimension/cube root of body surface area), stroke index (SI), and radius/wall thickness ratio (R/Th) of the left ventricle compared with group 1. Multiple regression analysis showed that DdI, SI, and R/Th correlated significantly with the duration of obesity. We conclude that alterations of cardiac performance in obese patients with left ventricular enlargement and wall thickening is attributed not only to the excess of body weight but also to the duration of obesity.
Impaired liver function in stable renal allograft recipients
Authors: Felix J. Frey, Heinz J. Schaad, Eberhard L. Renner, Fritz F. Horber, Brigitte M. Frey, Rudolf Preisig
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Hepatic failure as a cause of death is increased in stable renal allograft recipients when compared with patients on dialysis. In order to assess the magnitude and the natural history of the hepatic functional derangement, the kinetics of xenobiotics which are metabolized by cytosolic (galactose) or microsomal (prednisolone, cyclosporine A) enzymes were determined in 28 consecutive stable kidney transplant patients 1 month and 1 year after transplantation. Renal transplant patients had a decreased mean (± S.D.) galactose elimination capacity at 1 month (6.26 ± 0.94 mg per min × kg) and at 1 year (5.93 ± 0.96 mg per min × kg), when compared with a different group of 28 healthy control subjects (7.52 ± 0.78 mg per min × kg, p &lt; 0.001) and a decreased total body clearance of prednisolone at 1 month (2.13 ± 0.34 ml per min × kg vs. 2.71 ± 0.43 ml per min × kg in controls, p &lt; 0.001), which further decreased over the following year to 1.76 ± 0.32 ml per min × kg (p &lt; 0.001). The clearance of cyclosporine A declined significantly during the first year of successful transplantation (5.9 ± 2.1 ml per min × kg vs. 4.9 ± 1.2 ml per min × kg, p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, a substantial proportion of stable renal transplant recipients have decreased cytosolic and microsomal liver functions despite the absence of clinical and laboratory evidence of significant liver disease.
Abstract 2315: Pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity of fragment-derived inhibitors of MetAP2 in tumor xenografts
Authors: Tomoko Smyth, Jayne Curry, Nicola Wilsher, Chris Johnson, Valerio Berdini, Caroline Richardson, Frances Massey, Rachel McMenamin, Charlotte Griffiths-Jones, Neil Thompson, Nicola G. Wallis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) 2 is one of the two eukaryotic enzymes responsible for cleaving the N-terminal methionine from newly synthesized polypeptides to allow further post-translational modifications such as myristoylation to take place. The enzyme is the target of the anti-angiogenic natural product, fumagillin and so is believed to play a role in angiogenesis. Fumagillin analogues have shown activity in several disease models including oncology, inflammation and obesity indicating MetAP2 is a promising target in a number of indications. The semi-synthetic fumagillin analogue, TNP470, has shown activity in a Phase I/II cancer trial, suggesting that MetAP2 is a good oncology target. Here we describe the discovery, optimization and anti-tumor activity of fragment-derived MetAP2 inhibitors. Results: We identified fragment hits to MetAP2 using our fragment-based screening approach, Pyramid™. These were optimized by structure-based drug design to novel, potent lead compounds with sub-100 nM potency against the isolated MetAP2 enzyme. The two most advanced compounds inhibited proliferation of HUVECs with potencies of 130 nM and 300 nM. Levels of the MetAP2 substrate, Met-14-3-3, were shown to increase on treatment of HUVECs with these compounds indicating that Met-14-3-3 was not being processed and hence MetAP2 was being inhibited. The compounds also inhibited HUVEC tubule formation demonstrating their anti-angiogenic properties. The two lead compounds were further tested in vivo. Both compounds were well tolerated at doses up to 200 mg/kg bid. Levels of Met-14-3-3 were seen to increase in the thymus and spleen (where high expression of MetAP2 has been reported) of mice treated with the compounds, indicating again that MetAP2 was being inhibited in these tissues. Compound 1 was tested in a mouse HCT116 xenograft model. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with HCT116 cells and oral dosing at 200 mg/kg bid started one day later. Tumor growth was inhibited in treated mice compared with control and growth inhibition was greater in Compound 1 treated mice (T/C 46%) compared with mice treated with 30 mg/kg TNP470 subcutaneously q2d (T/C 61%). Conclusions: The compounds described here are novel small-molecule inhibitors of MetAP2. Their promising tumor growth inhibitory properties merit their testing in further tumor models and potentially other indications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2315. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2315
Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function: Authors' reply
Authors: T Taylor, P M Fulton, A N Smith
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and one at the American Forces Madigan Hospital to be built in Seattle) hospital wide projects are being implemented.Individual scientific evaluations of the various components that go to make up PACS are indeed vital but will never predict accurately the performance of a completely integrated system.The Wright brothers could have carried on analysing each individual component of their aeroplane for the rest of their lives, but at the end of the day the only way they could tell whether it would fly was to take to the air.We firmly believe, to pursue this aeronautical metaphor, that the time has come for digital radiology to take off; there will undoubtedly be one or two setbacks, but the fainthearted will remain forever earthbound.