tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Field-practice study of sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective multicenter study in Italy
Authors: Massimo Iavarone, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Fabio Piscaglia, Claudio Zavaglia, Antonio Grieco, Erica Villa, Calogero Cammà, Massimo Colombo
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract A multicenter randomized controlled trial established sorafenib as a standard of care for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because the study was prematurely interrupted due to survival benefits in the sorafenib arm, we conducted an observational study to adequately assess risks and benefits of this regimen in field practice. Starting in 2008, all clinically compensated patients with advanced HCC and those with an intermediate HCC who were unfit or failed to respond to ablative therapies were consecutively evaluated in six liver centers in Italy, for tolerability as well as radiologic and survival response to 800-mg/d sorafenib therapy. Treatment was down-dosed or interrupted according to drug label. Two hundred ninety-six patients (88% Child-Pugh A, 75% Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC]-C, and 25% BCLC-B) received sorafenib for 3.8 months (95% CI 3.3-4.4). Two hundred sixty-nine (91%) patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE), whereas 161 (54%) had to reduce dosing. Treatment was interrupted in 103 (44%) for disease progression, in 95 (40%) for an AE, and in 38 (16%) for liver deterioration. The median survival was 10.5 months in the overall cohort, 8.4 months in BCLC-C versus 20.6 months in BCLC-B patients ( P &lt; 0.0001), and 21.6 months in the 77 patients treated for &gt;70% of the time with a half dose versus 9.6 months in the 219 patients treated for &gt;70% of the time with a full dose. At month 2 of treatment, the overall radiologic response was 8%. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, macrovascular invasion, extrahepatic spread of the tumor, radiologic response at month 2, and sorafenib dosing were independent predictors of shortened survival. Conclusion: Overall, safety, effectiveness, and generalizability of sorafenib therapy in HCC was validated in field practice. The effectiveness of half-dosed sorafenib may have implications for tailored therapy. (Hepatology 2011)
The Recognition of Glaucoma by the General Practitioner
Authors: Edward Jackson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACP, State Medical Boards Offer Advice on Online Professionalism for Physicians
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dectin-1 activation unlocks IL12A expression and reveals the TH1 potency of neonatal dendritic cells
Authors: Sébastien Lemoine, Barbara Jaron, Sabrine Tabka, Chourouk Ettreiki, Edith Deriaud, Dania Zhivaki, Camille Le Ray, Odile Launay, Laleh Majlessi, Pierre Tissieres, Claude Leclerc, Richard Lo-Man
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
ANP &amp; BNP are potent markers for left ventricular dimensions, mass and function in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: B.A. Groenning, J.C. Nilsson, L. Sondergaard, A. Kjaer, T. Fritz‐Hansen, H.B.W. Larsson, P.R. Hildebrandt
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Psychiatric Side Effects of Levodopa in Man
Authors: Frederick K. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Levodopa is the amino acid precursor of the cathecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine. Along with serotonin, these catecholamines serve as neurotransmitters in areas of the brain related to psychomotor, vegetative, and emotional functions; thus, it is not surprising that the administration of levodopa is associated with mental changes. The documentation and quantification of these mental effects is particularly important because of the potential for increasing our basic understanding of the relationship between brain amines (particularly dopamine) and psychological states both normal and abnormal. When administered to animals, levodopa has been shown to produce a variety of behavioral effects depending to some extent on the dose and species employed; in general, high doses of levodopa produce alerting, motor activation and increased aggressiveness. These studies have recently been the subject of extensive reviews.<sup>1,2</sup> The rationale for the use of levodopa in Parkinsonism is based on evidence that a dopamine deficiency exists in
New Zealand leads the way in banning smoking in prisons
Authors: R. Bonita, R. Beaglehole
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It is unfortunate that British prisons have no plans to become smoke free, as reported by Ginn in his excellent series on promoting health in prisons and referred to by Jackson.1 2 3 There was a sense of fatalism in Jackson’s remarks. Yet it need not be so.

On 1 July 2011, without incident, New Zealand became the first country in the …
Hepatitis B virus DNA in saliva, urine, and seminal fluid of carriers of hepatitis B e antigen.
Authors: P. Karayiannis, D. M. Novick, A. S. F. Lok, M. J. F. Fowler, J. Monjardino, H. C. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Concentrated samples of saliva, urine, and seminal fluid from 23 men with chronic liver disease who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen were examined for the presence of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) by molecular hybridisation. HBV-DNA was detected in saliva from 15 of 17 men (88%), urine from 12 of 22 men (55%), and seminal fluid from 13 of 21 men (62%). The presence of hepatitis B virus in such secretions has important epidemiological implications for heterosexual and homosexual contact.
NHS profile. Enter the men from the Audit Commission. Interview by Richard Smith.
Authors: R Tristem, H Davies
Journal: BMJ (1990)

RS: Tell me about the origins of the Audit Commission.HD: It was a creation of Michael Heseltine.In the 1970s people argued that audit of local authorities was seriously lacking because it was not independent and was too narrowly financial.Nobody was asking whether local authorities were delivering value for money.Thus Heseltine's legislation took audit of local authorities away from the Department of the Environ- ment and gave it to the Audit Commission, which was made up of representatives from both major parties, businessmen, and accountants.The commission was to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness.
The Physiology, Psychology, and Utilization of Dreams
Authors: ROY M. WHITMAN, MILTON KRAMER, PAUL H. ORNSTEIN, BILL J. BALDRIDGE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Although recent research in sleep and dreaming has created a veritable information explosion in the field, few efforts have yet been made to interpret these physiological data in ways that will be clinically useful. The authors point out that the new findings and techniques can be integrated with the classical formulations of dream psychology and dream interpretation to offer impressive possibilities for future diagnostic and psychotherapeutic work.
Chronotropic Incompetence
Authors: Peter H. Brubaker, Dalane W. Kitzman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

C hronotropic incompetence (CI), broadly defined as the inability of the heart to increase its rate commensurate with increased activity or demand, is common in patients with cardiovascular disease, produces exercise intolerance that impairs quality of life, and is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and overall mortality.However, the importance of CI is underappreciated, and CI is often overlooked in clinical practice.This may be due in part to multiple definitions, the confounding effects of aging and medications, and the need for formal exercise testing for definitive diagnosis.This review discusses the definition, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of CI, with particular emphasis on its prominent role in heart failure (HF).CI is common and can be diagnosed by objective, widely available, inexpensive methods; it is potentially treatable, and its management can lead to significant improvements in exercise tolerance and quality of life. Contribution of Heart Rate to Exercise PerformanceThe ability to perform physical work is an important determinant of quality of life, 1 and is enabled by an increase in oxygen uptake (V ˙O2 ). 2 During maximal aerobic exercise in healthy humans, V ˙O2 increases approximately 4-fold. 2 This is achieved by a 2.2-fold increase in heart rate (HR), a 0.3-fold increase in stroke volume, and a 1.5-fold increase in arteriovenous oxygen difference. 2Thus, the increase in HR is the strongest contributor to the ability to perform sustained aerobic exercise. 3It is therefore not surprising that CI can be the primary cause of or a significant contributor to severe, symptomatic exercise intolerance.
Book: The Third Way: New Politics for the New Century
Authors: A. Weale
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Tony Blair Fabian society, £3.50, pp 20 ISBN 0 71630588 7 Rating: curiosity ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>coherence![Graphic][5]</img> The plot is simple. Once upon a time, there was a world of secure jobs, large firms, low unemployment, relatively closed national economies, and strong communities underpinned by stable families. In that world social democratic governments could pursue their goals by simply using the instruments of state power. But that world has gone. Globalisation and other changes now mean that social democratic measures no longer work. Yet we should … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Critical areas in clinical investigation
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distribution of Physicians-Reply
Authors: Joseph P. Newhouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Hafferty ignores a fundamental tenet of science: one can never prove a theory, only fail to disprove it. The appropriate test is how well the data fit the theoretical predictions. The data on physician location are fully consistent with location theory: (1) above a critical size, towns are likely to have a specialist of a given type, while below it they are not; (2) the critical town size is lower, the greater the number of specialists and the less the competition of such specialists with the general and family practitioner; (3) the critical town size falls as the number of specialists expands; (4) the critical town size is greater for board-certified specialists. Although we only had space inThe Journalto summarize the data that support these arguments, complete documentation is contained in the two Rand reports referred to in the article.<sup>1,2</sup> Dr Hafferty does not
Lien entre muqueuse gastrique hétérotopique du tiers supérieur de l'œsophage et reflux gastro-œsophagien: étude cas-témoins à propos de 25 cas
Authors: S Seillan, A Giraud, A Le Sidaner, F Cessot, JF Vincensini, M Debette Gratien, D Sautereau
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

L'hétérotopie de muqueuse gastrique correspond à un ou plusieurs îlots de muqueuse gastrique, situés au sein de la muqueuse œsophagienne, essentiellement du tiers supérieur. La physiopathologie en est mal connue: s'agit il d'une anomalie congénitale ou bien est-elle secondaire au reflux gastro-œsophagien?
Dipeptidylpeptidase IV and trypsin-like enzymatic degradation of human growth hormone-releasing hormone in plasma.
Authors: L A Frohman, T R Downs, E P Heimer, A M Felix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The plasma enzyme responsible for primary proteolytic cleavage of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) at the 2-3 amino acid bond was characterized. Native GRH[GRH(1-44)-NH2 and GRH(1-40)-OH], and COOH-terminally shortened fragments [GRH(1-32)-NH2 and GRH(1-29)-NH2] were rapidly cleaved, while GRH(2-32)-NH2 was not degraded at this site. Moreover, degradation to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was unaffected by an aminopeptidase inhibitor, indicating that this metabolite was generated from a single step cleavage by a dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) rather than sequential aminopeptidase cleavages. Conversion to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was blocked by diprotin A, a DPP type IV (DPP IV) competitive inhibitor. D-Amino acid substitution at either position 1 or 2 also prevented hydrolysis, characteristic of DPP IV. Analysis of endogenous plasma GRH immunoreactivity from a human GRH transgenic pig revealed that the major peak coeluted with GRH(3-44)-NH2. Native GRH exhibited trypsin-like degradation at the 11-12 position but cleavage at the 12-13 site occurred only with GRH(1-32)-NH2 and GRH(1-29)-NH2. Formation of these metabolites was independent of prior DPP IV hydrolysis but was greatly reduced by trypsin inhibitors. Evaluation of plasma stability of potential GRH super analogues, designed to resist degradation by these enzymes, confirmed that GRH degradation in plasma occurs primarily by DPP IV, and to a lesser extent by trypsin-like enzyme(s).
COMPLETE CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IN SOME CLINICAL SETTINGS IS NOT ENOUGH: COMPARISON OF IVABRADINE, RANOLAZINE AND STANDARD MEDICAL THERAPY IN TERM OF EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY
Authors: Simone Calcagno, Paolo Severino, Temistocle Taccheri, Filippo Placentino, Andrea Ceccacci, Alessandra Cinque, Nicolo’ Salvi, Pasqualina Bruno, Massimo Mancone, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Altered development of the brain after focal herpesvirus infection of the central nervous system
Authors: Thad Koontz, Marina Bralic, Jelena Tomac, Ester Pernjak-Pugel, Glen Bantug, Stipan Jonjic, William J. Britt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Human cytomegalovirus infection of the developing central nervous system (CNS) is a major cause of neurological damage in newborn infants and children. To investigate the pathogenesis of this human infection, we developed a mouse model of infection in the developing CNS. Intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn animals with murine cytomegalovirus resulted in virus replication in the liver followed by virus spread to the brain. Virus infection of the CNS was associated with the induction of inflammatory responses, including the induction of a large number of interferon-stimulated genes and histological evidence of focal encephalitis with recruitment of mononuclear cells to foci containing virus-infected cells. The morphogenesis of the cerebellum was delayed in infected animals. The defects in cerebellar development in infected animals were generalized and, although correlated temporally with virus replication and CNS inflammation, spatially unrelated to foci of virus-infected cells. Specific defects included decreased granular neuron proliferation and migration, expression of differentiation markers, and activation of neurotrophin receptors. These findings suggested that in the developing CNS, focal virus infection and induction of inflammatory responses in resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells resulted in delayed cerebellar morphogenesis.
Differential expression of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 messenger RNAs in two experimental models of liver cell proliferation
Authors: Masaaki Masuhara, Sikandar L. Katyal, Toshikazu Nakamura, Hisashi Shinozuka
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Hepatocyte growth factor, a potent hepatocyte mitogen in vitro, appears to trigger hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy and after acute liver cell necrosis. Transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 may also be involved in the control of liver regeneration. In this study we assessed possible roles of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 on liver cell proliferation in vivo, using a model of choline deficiency that is associated with liver cell necrosis and a model of a hypolipidemic agent (4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio (N-beta-hydroxyethyl) acetamide) without liver necrosis. Male F344 rats were fed a choline-deficient diet or 0.16% 4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio (N-beta-hydroxyethyl) acetamide diet for 6 and 4 wk, respectively. Rats were killed periodically, and the expression of hepatocyte growth factor messenger RNA in the liver, lung and kidney was determined by Northern-blot analysis. The levels of transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNAs in the liver were also determined. Feeding a choline-deficient diet for 1 to 6 wk led to gradual increases in the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNAs in the liver. Feeding a 4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio (N-beta-hydroxyethyl) acetamide diet for 3 days and 2 wk induced marked enhancement of liver cell proliferation as judged by hepatocyte 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ENCHONDROMA OF THE CARTILAGE, UPPER LID.
Authors: PETER D. KEYSER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In 1888 Mrs. P., age 58, presented herself at my clinic at the Wills Eye Hospital with a round lump in the upper lid, which she said had been slowly growing for a year or two. No inflammation connected therewith. It was hard, solid and firmly attached to the cartilage. An incision was made along the lid over the tumor and the convexity of the latter shaved off. This was firm, cartilaginous, cutting crisply and of a yellowish white appearance. It had all the appearance of a thickened cartilage. No microscopic examination was made of the part removed. In 1890 she came back with a much larger return of the growth. It was again operated on as in the former method. No examination made. In 1892 it had grown again and more nodular. My purpose now was to try to remove all of the diseased cartilage, leaving if possible the
Potentiation and inhibition of migration of human neutrophils by auranofin.
Authors: J G Elferink, B M de Koster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

As auranofin resembles some neutrophil activating sulphur containing compounds, it was decided to investigate whether it had activating effects on neutrophil migration in addition to the published inhibitory effects.The Boyden chamber assay was used to determine the migration velocity of human neutrophils. The difference between chemotaxis and chemokinesis was established with a chequerboard assay.Low concentrations of auranofin stimulated human neutrophil migration; concentrations of auranofin higher than 1 mumol/l were inhibitory. Inhibitors of leukotriene formation, or of protein kinase C, had the same effect on auranofin induced potentiation of migration as on fMLP activated migration. Auranofin, at a concentration of 100 nmol/l, caused a transient increase in the cGMP level of neutrophils. The auranofin induced increase in migration was strongly inhibited by methylene blue and by LY83583, two inhibitors of cGMP accumulation.The auranofin induced enhancement of migration is partly due to a chemokinetic effect, but mainly due to a chemotactic effect. The potentiating effect of auranofin on migration is not specifically due to the ability of the drug to inhibit protein kinase C activity or to generate leukotrienes. These results suggest that the enhancement of neutrophil migration by low levels of auranofin is related to the enhancement of cGMP levels in neutrophils.