tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Length and Variability of the Human Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Leonard Chiazze
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The Center for Population Research collected 30,655 recorded menstrual cycles from 2,316 women. Ninety-five percent of all cycles were between 15 and 45 days long. The mean and standard deviations for the total number of cycles were 29.1 and 7.46, respectively. Cycle lengths between 15 and 45 days averaged 28.1 days with a standard deviation of 3.95 days. Variability of menstrual-cycle lengths is highest for women under 25 years of age and declines steadily to reach a minimum for ages 35 to 39. It is then followed by a slight increase for women aged 40 to 44. The pattern of variability by age is demonstrated equally well by the percent of cycles between 25 and 31 days in length as by the standard deviation.
Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy at Home
Authors: H. GRANT STIVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

During a 12-month period, 23 patients aged 12 to 78 years were treated for 8 to 40 days (mean, 23 days) at home with intravenous (i.v.) antibiotics. Diseases treated included bone and joint infection (14 patients), blastomycosis (two), actinomycosis (two), staphylococcal bacteremia (two), endocarditis (two), and candidal pyelonephritis (one). After initial in-hospital training, patients self-administered their drugs through a heparin-lock i.v. cannula, which was changed regularly by a visiting home care nurse. Antibiotics administered included cloxacillin, penicillin G, cephalosporins, gentamicin, carbenicillin, and amphotericin B. Patient and family acceptance of the program was good, the program was therapeutically effective, and, apart from a decreased prevalence of phlebitis with the heparin lock at home, side effects were no different from those of in-hospital-treated patients. The cost of home therapy was $ 40 per patient-day compared with an estimated $ 137 had the patients remained in hospital. Most patients were able to resume normal activities while receiving home i.v. therapy.
Operation for Hypospadia.
Authors: Carl Beck
Journal: JAMA (1899)

New York, Jan. 17, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —<i>Operationes mutantur?</i>This question passes into my mind when I read the notice you give my operation for hypospadias (videJournalxxxii, p. 31), after some non-essential modifications were made of it by Bardenheuer as well as by Hacker, in September, 1898. Of course, occasionally something can escape the argus-eyed editor, and he will, when his attention is called to it, correct the omission. Therefore, I beg leave to direct your attention to the<i>N. Y. Medicinische Monatsschrift</i>for November, 1898, and the<i>N. Y. Medical Journal</i>for Jan. 29, 1898, in which I first published my method of mobilizing and displacing the urethra in correcting the deformity. While it is far from me to dispute any merit that may be due a German surgeon, I have enough American vanity to ask priority for our country, when deserved, even if<i>I</i>
Comparative Study of Prognostic Value for Coronary Disease Risk Between the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study and Framingham Models
Authors: Ioannis D. Protopsaltis, George Nikolopoulos, Andreas Melidonis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We appreciate the comments of Stevens and Holman (1) regarding our analysis comparing the accuracy of the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2) and Framingham models in the prediction of 10-year risk for coronary artery disearse (CAD) in diabetic patients. In our letter, we mentioned that the diagnosis of CAD was established by coronary angiography. In addition, this study was performed in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and included a 10-year follow-up. In the sample of cases with myocardial infarction who were examined during this analysis, fatal and nonfatal cases were …
Controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroids in severe acute asthma.
Authors: F Morell, R Orriols, J de Gracia, V Curull, A Pujol
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: The value of corticosteroids in severe acute asthma continues to be debated. METHODS: Ninety consecutive patients admitted to the emergency room with severe acute asthma were studied in a randomised, double blind, controlled trial to determine the efficacy of corticosteroids. Eighty two patients completed the study. All received oxygen therapy and intensive bronchodilator treatment. The patients were divided into three groups for steroid treatment, receiving intravenous methylprednisolone 10 mg/kg every four hours for 48 hours (29 patients, group A); intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg every 4 hours for 48 hours (27 patients, group B); or no intravenous corticosteroids (26 patients, group C). RESULTS: There were no differences on admission among the three groups in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), or arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension; and the rates of recovery in FEV1, FVC, and PEF were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroids given with bronchodilators have not shown a beneficial effect in the first 48 hours of recovery of severe acute asthma. Only in those patients who failed to respond by the third hour of treatment, and in those who were previously taking oral corticosteroids, does a favourable, though not statistically significant, effect appear to occur.
Off-Loading in Trials in Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulceration: No, it's not time for a paradigm shift
Authors: William J. Jeffcoate, Frances L. Game, Patricia E. Price
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Professor Boulton and Dr. Armstrong (1) argued recently that “all future trials of therapy should use a nonremovable off-loading device.” In doing so, they betray a failure to understand how the structure of trials must be determined by their purpose: those designed to determine the efficacy (“Can it work in ideal circumstances?”) may differ from those designed to determine effectiveness (“Does it work in practice?”). Two factors that underlie the capacity of a controlled trial to demonstrate efficacy are 1 ) the effect, or lack of …
Association between Source of Infection and Hospital Mortality in Patients Who Have Septic Shock
Authors: Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Peter M. Dodek, Monica Norena, Hubert Wong, Aseem Kumar, Anand Kumar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Bisphosphonates for Men With Prostate Cancer: Sifting Through the Rubble
Authors: William Kevin Kelly, Gunnar Steineck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.078 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 1, 2016 PMID: 14581442 Bisphosphonates for Men With Prostate Cancer: Sifting Through the Rubble William Kevin KellyxWilliam Kevin KellySearch for articles by this author , Gunnar SteineckxGunnar SteineckSearch for articles by this author Show More 1Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY2Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.078 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Bisphosphonates for Men With Prostate Cancer: Sifting Through the Rubble." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(23), pp. 4261–4262© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Multiple Primary Carcinoma
Authors: Gregory J. Gallivan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Patients who are treated for carcinoma in one organ should be observed for the spontaneous emergence of a primary malignant lesion in another site.  Report of a Case:—  A 57-year-old woman had a right radical mastectomy for a grade I adenocarcinoma in January 1954. The 1-cm lesion showed tumor cells mainly within ducts, but there was some invasion. None of ten regional lymph nodes was involved and there was no evidence of metastases or residual tumor (Fig 1).  Because of profuse vaginal bleeding in October 1959, she underwent a panhysterectomy. There was a soft, irregular, friable, polypoid mass projecting into the lumen of the endometrial cavity. This grade 2 adenocarcinoma extended deeply into the myometrium but not to the serosal surface (Fig 2). She subsequently received cobalt irradiation to the pelvic region. After recurrent vaginal bleeding, extensive vaginal biopsies in February and July 1960 revealed only fibrous
Platelet serotonin (5HT) and MAO-B activity in a patient undergone OLT because of metastases from midgut carcinoid tumor
Authors: F. Szalay, D. Borcsiczky, Zs. Mészáros, K. Tekes, G. Dallos, V. Réti, D. Görög, F. Perner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Ian Keith Campbell
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Research on women99s responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) has largely been limited to women who have been exposed to severe physical violence with scarce generalisation. This study aimed to analyse how Spanish abused women from different backgrounds and with different IPV characteristics respond to violence. <h3>Method</h3> Women experiencing IPV before the previous year (1469) were selected from a large cross-sectional national survey of adult women recruited during 2006–7 among female patients seeking medical care for whatever reason in primary healthcare services. The outcome variables were women9s responses to IPV and the predictor variables were personal and social resources profiles and characteristics of the abuse (type, duration and women9s age at onset). Stepwise logistic regression models were fitted. <h3>Results</h3> 87.5% of abused women took some kind of action to overcome IPV. Significant differences on personal and social profile and type and duration of the abuse were detected between the three strategic responses: distancing, in process and inhibition. The probability of a woman responding with a distancing strategy (seeking outside help or leaving temporarily) is almost three times greater if she is employed, was young when the abuse began, had experienced physical and psychological abuse and when the abuse was under 5 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this study show that personal and social resources and the specific circumstances of the abuse should be taken into account to understand women9s responses to IPV. Well-validated interventions targeted at abused women9s needs and the circumstances of IPV remain a priority.
Enzyme replacement therapy for murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.
Authors: M S Sands, C Vogler, J W Kyle, J H Grubb, B Levy, N Galvin, W S Sly, E H Birkenmeier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Recombinant mouse beta-glucuronidase administered intravenously to newborn mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is rapidly cleared from the circulation and localized in many tissues. Here we determine the tissue distribution of injected enzyme and describe its effects on the histopathology in 6-wk-old MPS VII mice that received either one injection of 28,000 U recombinant beta-glucuronidase at 5 wk of age or received six injections of 28,000 U given at weekly intervals beginning at birth. These mice were compared with untreated 6-wk-old MPS VII mice. The single injection decreased lysosomal distention in the fixed tissue macrophage system. MPS VII mice that received multiple injections had 27.8, 3.5, and 3.3% of normal levels of beta-glucuronidase in liver, spleen, and kidney, respectively. Brain had detectable beta-glucuronidase, ranging from 2.0-12.1% of normal. Secondary elevations of alpha-galactosidase and beta-hexosaminidase in brain, spleen, liver, and kidney were decreased compared with untreated MPS VII mice. Although no improvement was observed in chondrocytes, glia, and some neurons, the skeleton had less clinical and pathological evidence of disease and the brain had reduced lysosomal storage in meninges and selected neuronal groups. These data show that recombinant beta-glucuronidase treatment begun in newborn MPS VII mice provides enzyme to most tissues and significantly reduces or prevents the accumulation of lysosomal storage during the first 6 wk of life. Whether therapy begun later in life can achieve this level of correction remains to be established.
Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Antiplatelet Agents in Diabetic Patients After Amputation for Gangrene: II. Effects of Aspirin and Dipyridamole on Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Rates
Authors: John A Colwell, Stephen F Bingham, Carlos Abraira, James W Anderson, John P Comstock, Hau C Kwaan, Frank Nuttall
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

We report the results of a randomized multicenter clinical trial on the effects of aspirin plus dipyridamole versus placebo on major vascular end points in 231 non-insulin-dependent diabetic men with either a recent amputation for gangrene or active gangrene. Primary end points were death from atherosclerotic vascular disease plus amputation of the opposite extremity for gangrene. There were 24 atherosclerotic deaths in the drug treatment group (21.8%) and 23 in the placebo group (19.0%). There were 22 patients in the drug treatment group (20.0%) and 29 patients in the placebo group (24.0%) with opposite-side amputations. Survival curve analyses revealed little difference between these groups for major vascular end points, total mortality, all amputations, or myocardial infarctions. The most noteworthy group difference was observed for cerebrovascular end points (strokes and transient ischemic attacks), with an incidence of 8.2% (9 patients) in the drug treatment group and 19.0% (23 patients) in the placebo group. We conclude from this study that antiplatelet agents have no effect on the primary vascular end points, vascular deaths and/or amputation of the opposite extremity, in this population. Similarly, no effects were seen on secondary vascular end points, except for a suggestion of protection versus strokes and transient ischemic attacks. However, this finding must be interpreted with caution, since it is a secondary end point and was found only after multiple analyses of the data.
Primary Tuberculous Complex of the Skin
Authors: Celia A. Pereira
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A 7-YEAR-OLD girl who had symptoms of suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis proved to have an unusual type of skin tuberculosis: a primary complex involving the skin of the foot and the draining inguinal lymph nodes. This case is being reported because of the rarity of this lesion and the consequences of an incorrect diagnosis. A primary (Ghon) complex involving skin and inguinal lymph nodes is encountered infrequently.<sup>1</sup>The skin lesion may be insignificant and easily overlooked; the associated lymphadenopathy is difficult to differentiate from that produced by other diseases. Children are most often affected.<sup>2</sup>Incorrect diagnosis may lead to chronicity of symptoms, inappropriate surgical procedures, and dissemination of the disease. The identification of tuberculous contacts is important for the detection of tuberculosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 7-year-old girl was admitted to the Miriam Hospital with a painful lump in the right groin, which had been present for four
ACTH and Adrenocorticosteroids as Therapeutic Adjuncts in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Wesley W. Spink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CARDINAL features of an infectious disease are inflammation, fever and a toxic state. For many years, antipyretic agents, notably the salicylates, have been employed in an empirical fashion for subduing these manifestations. These drugs often alleviate the discomfort of the patient. The sulfonamides, antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents have offered a more rational and successful approach to the management of infectious diseases by eliminating the micro-organisms from the host. Nevertheless, the inflammatory reaction of the tissues and the associated metabolic aberrations induced by the various species of microbes still constitute serious aspects of infectious diseases, even though chemotherapy may have . . .
Spirometry in Asthma
Authors: Francis C. Lowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Some 20 and more years ago, simple tests of pulmonary function revealed obstructive abnormalities in many asthmatic patients who were regarded as "well" by their physicians. "Asthma" was wheezing and dyspnea. Dyspnea is subjective and difficult to assess, but wheezing could be heard, and when this ceased or markedly lessened, perhaps after hectic days of intensive bronchodilator therapy, the patient was declared asthma-free. The physician was also confident that he could assess the intensity of asthma (read, degree of obstructive abnormality) by auscultation. However, we now know that the intensity of auscultatory signs may not match the magnitude of the . . .
Usefulness of intraoperative 99mTc-MIBI-guided detection for recurrent sites in secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case-controlled study
Authors: Hiroshi Takeyama, Isao Tabei, Shigeyuki Ogi, Keitaro Yokoyama, Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Ichiro Okido, Satoki Kinoshita, Hideaki Kurihara, Kazuhiko Yoshida, Ken Uchida, Toshiaki Morikawa
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
A UNIQUE FORM OF MESENCHYMAL DYSPLASIA.
Authors: S. PURETIĆ, B. PURETIĆ, M. FISER-HERMAN, M. ADAMĆIĆ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article A UNIQUE FORM OF MESENCHYMAL DYSPLASIA. Get access S. PURETIĆ, M.D., S. PURETIĆ, M.D. Pediatric Assistant, Dermatologinal Clinic, University of Zagreb. Head: Prof. Dr. Fr. Kogoj Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. PURETIĆ, M.D., B. PURETIĆ, M.D. Pediatric Assistant, Pediatric Clinic, University of Zagreb. Head: Prof. Dr. N. Skrivaneli Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. FISER‐HERMAN, Ph.D., M. FISER‐HERMAN, Ph.D. Professor, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagreb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. ADAMĆIĆ, M.Ph. M. ADAMĆIĆ, M.Ph. Assistant, Institue of Clinical Chemistry, Facility of Pharmacy, University of Zagreb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 1, 1 January 1962, Pages 8–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13905.x Published: 01 January 1962
Fibrosarcoma Recurrent After Forty Years
Authors: H. Alan Hume
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The tendency of some tumors to lie dormant for long periods of time yields a few isolated reports of long-term survival, but in the present case tumor recurred 40 years after the initial treatment.  Report of a Case:—  The patient was admitted to Taylor Hospital in October 1962 with a history of a large mass on the right side of his neck which had appeared at the age of 1 1/2 years. This was first seen at Presbyterian Hospital in Philadelphia in September 1922 and diagnosed clinically as fibrosarcoma. Between February and May of 1923 he received x-ray therapy of unknown dosage. On June 26, 1923, part of the growth was removed surgically and a pathologic diagnosis of low-grade fibrosarcoma was established (Fig 1).  He was subsequently treated with radium from July 1923 to March 1924 at Oncologic Hospital in Philadelphia. Ten individual exposures included two insertions
Aberrant Expression of Connexin 26 Is Associated with Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Koji Ezumi, Hirofumi Yamamoto, Kohei Murata, Masahiko Higashiyama, Bazarragchaa Damdinsuren, Yurika Nakamura, Naganori Kyo, Jiro Okami, Chew Yee Ngan, Ichiro Takemasa, Masataka Ikeda, Mitsugu Sekimoto, Nariaki Matsuura, Hiroshi Nojima, Morito Monden
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Connexin 26 (Cx26) is one of the gap junction–forming family members classically considered to be tumor suppressors. However, recent studies show association of elevated expression of Cx26 with poor prognosis in several human malignancies. Furthermore, Cx26 has been observed to be indispensable to spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cells. Here, we assessed Cx26 expression in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and the metastatic lesions to elucidate its role in metastasis. Experimental Design: Cx26 expression was assessed in 25 adenomas, 167 CRCs, and normal mucosa, together with the metastatic lesions. Results: Normal mucosa and adenomatous tissue expressed Cx26 mainly in the plasma membrane, whereas cancer cells mostly contained Cx26 in the cytoplasm. The incidence of aberrant Cx26 expression varied widely in CRC (mean, 49.5 ± 35.5%), and the expression levels were confirmed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription–PCR. Clinicopathologic survey revealed association of high expression with less differentiated histology and venous invasion (P = 0.0053 and P = 0.0084, respectively). Notably, high Cx26 expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival and shorter lung metastasis–free survival in 154 curatively resected CRC sets (P = 0.041 and P = 0.028, respectively). Survey of metastatic lesions revealed that lung metastasis, but not liver and lymph nodes metastases, expressed higher Cx26 than the CRC series or corresponding primary CRCs (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that aberrant expression of Cx26 plays an essential role in lung metastasis. Thus, Cx26 is a promising therapeutic target, particularly for CRC patients who develop lung metastasis.
Constructing RSI: Belief and Desire
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?
Authors: Samuel V. Duh
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?," Anda et al<sup>1</sup>identified two possible reasons why only 44% of smokers in their study had been advised by a physician to quit. I would like to discuss how physicians may resolve these two issues. The first issue mentioned in the article is physicians' belief that they are not adequately trained to counsel about smoking. I propose that, instead of "counseling," physicians simply tell smokers why they should quit, that is, explain the pathophysiological effects of cigarettes on the human body. Without formal training in counseling, I have used this pathopysiological approach to help many patients quit smoking. When I was a resident in internal medicine, I asked all the patients in my clinic their smoking status. I told the smokers right away that they would have to quit and that I would help them. I