tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOBAR PNEUMONIA COMPLICATING INDUCED PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: CLOUGH TURRILL BURNETT
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In spite of the comparatively large number of patients who have undergone therapeutic pneumothorax, a lobar pneumonia occurring in the course of this treatment is a rarity. Such an experience in my practice recently led me to make some inquiries from colleagues who have had an experience in this field over a much greater number of years. Dr. Walter G. Holden states that in his twenty years' experience at the Agnes Memorial Sanatorium he has never seen a patient with this dual condition. None of the other medical men to whom inquiry was directed reported having seen or having known of this complication. This led to a search of the literature.  Weiss, 1 in 1912, described a case that was fatal. The patient had carried a left-sided artificial pneumothorax for eight months. A specific right-sided pneumonia began in the middle lobe, extending to the upper and lower lobes.  Gray 2
Involvement of the Practicing Physician in the Training of Students: The Illinois Experience
Authors: Thomas Ellsworth Gamble
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The practicing phyician has long been a welcome participant in the training of medical students. Since World War II, however, his influence in medical education has diminished. A study at the University of Illinois College of Medicine was made with 20 practicing physicians who have returned to the fore in medical education in an innovative experiment in the remarriage of practice with theory. The physicians are involved in the University of Illinois School of Basic Medical Sciences at Urbana-Champaign (SBMS-UC) as nonsalaried clinical faculty from the east central Illinois region. Their task is to act as advisers, tutors, evaluators, and friends to the students. The School of Basic Medical Sciences has an innovative program that approaches the basic sciences through a series of clinical problems. From the very beginning, the student is exposed to clinical practice, hospital routine, and laboratory techniques and findings through his physician-adviser. The adviser and student
CRYOBALLOON ABLATION OF PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION GUIDED BY INTRACARDIAC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: PREDICTION OF ACUTE SUCCESS BY A NON-FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Georg Nö;lker, Johannes Heintze, Klaus J. Gutleben, Bogdan G. Muntean, Ameera Yalda, Vanessa Pütz, Dieter Horstkotte, Jürgen Vogt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Re: Oncologists Judge Themselves the Best Judges of Cancer Treatments
Authors: M. Napoli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

an unknown family history displayed the AA deletion at codon 797.The identification of this mutation in two Japanese individuals diagnosed with breast cancer and breast-ovarian cancers may indicate that this is an ethnically isolated mutation similar to the 185delAG BRCA1 mutation in Ashkenazi Jews.Additional screening of individuals of Japanese ancestry may provide more information on the incidence of the 797delAA mutation in the Japanese population.Identification of unique mutations in the BRCA1 gene as well as other cancer-related genes that are expressed in ethnically and/or geographically isolated groups will be useful in genetic counseling and preventive screening.
What do anti-collagen antibodies mean?
Authors: K Morgan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Revue de la litterature. Relation entre le type de collagene d'un tissu et les proprietes de ce tissu. Rappel de la structure de base des collagenes. Description des pathologies dans lesquelles peuvent etre retrouvees des anticorps anti-collagene (anticollagene de type I et II essentiellement): partie centree sur la polyarthrite rhumatoide. Role et signification des anticorps anti-collagene. Association avec les groupes HLA. Etudes realisees chez l'homme et chez l'animal
THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN DEPLETION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE DOG
Authors: J. S. Garrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

designed to be used on human cases and it was hoped that the results obtained under controlled conditions in dogs would provide a background for interpreting data obtained under much less precise conditions in children. The methods used do not give a measure of the total amount of protein synthesized in unit time, but the results suggest that the distribution of synthesis between the various protein pools is altered by depletion. Thus, while the depleted animal may turn over a smaller amount of protein per day than the normal dog, a greater proportion of synthesis occurs in the active protein pools, such as plasma protein.
Illness after International Travel
Authors: Edward T. Ryan, Mary E. Wilson, Kevin C. Kain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

After international travel, up to 5 percent of travelers become ill enough to seek medical attention. This review focuses on the most common and most serious illnesses seen in persons from the industrialized world who have traveled to developing countries. The authors provide practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of fever, persistent diarrhea, and skin lesions in patients who present with these conditions after international travel.
Probe-to-Bone Test for Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
Authors: Lawrence A. Lavery, David G. Armstrong, Edgar J.G. Peters, Benjamin A. Lipsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We sought to assess the accuracy of the probe-to-bone (PTB) test in diagnosing foot osteomyelitis in a cohort of diabetic patients with bone culture proven disease.In this 2-year longitudinal cohort study, we enrolled 1,666 consecutive diabetic individuals who underwent an initial standardized detailed foot assessment, followed by examinations at regular intervals. Patients were instructed to immediately come to the foot clinic if they developed a lower-extremity complication. For all patients with a lower-extremity wound, we compared the results of the PTB test with those of a culture of the affected bone. We called PTB positive if the bone or joint was palpable and defined osteomyelitis as a positive bone culture.Over a mean of 27.2 months of follow-up, 247 patients developed a foot wound and 151 developed 199 foot infections. Osteomyelitis was found in 30 patients: 12% of those with a foot wound and 20% in those with a foot infection. When all wounds were considered, the PTB test was highly sensitive (0.87) and specific (0.91); the positive predictive value was only 0.57, but the negative predictive value was 0.98.The PTB test, when used in a population of diabetic patients with a foot wound among whom the prevalence of osteomyelitis was 12%, had a relatively low positive predictive value, but a negative test may exclude the diagnosis.
Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice
Authors: Larry C. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<b>Textbook of Surgery Pocket Companion</b>, by David C. Sabiston, Jr, and H. Kim Lyerly, 853 pp, paper, ISBN 0-7216-8670-2, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 1997. <b>Review of Surgery</b>, by David C. Sabiston, Jr, 268 pp, paper, $30, ISBN 0-7216-8671-0, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 1996. Perhaps the most telling aspect of the 15th edition of Sabiston's<i>Textbook of Surgery</i>is the fact that it is the 15th edition. It continues to be the standard to which others must aspire. Dr Sabiston has assembled a group of contributors who are respected leaders. Their chapters are concise, informative, and expert. The book's consistent format allows the reader to quickly access information in a predictable way. Six new chapters are added without diluting other important information, and the text remains in a manageable single volume. The chapter on molecular biology is well illustrated and complete. Those who have an interest in the basics
Hypothermia: a possible side effect of prazosin.
Authors: P W de Leeuw, W H Birkenhager
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Fresh stools or biopsy specimens were analysed for Cl difficile or its toxin, as described elsewhere.3Isolates were identified by standard methods.'Minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antibiotics were determined by inoculating 10' colony-forming units on DST (Oxoid CM 261) plus 6 % saponin-lysed horse blood, containing appropriate concentrations of anti-
1114 Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients-implication to the pathogenesis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: R KARIV, M LESHNO, V SHALEV, R OREN, A BETHOR, S ZELBERSAGI, M BIALIK, Z HALPERN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Mitochondrial death protein Nix is induced in cardiac hypertrophy and triggers apoptotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Martin G. Yussman, Tsuyoshi Toyokawa, Amy Odley, Roy A. Lynch, Guangyu Wu, Melissa C. Colbert, Bruce J. Aronow, John N. Lorenz, Gerald W. Dorn
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Treatment of Barbiturate Intoxication
Authors: LEE W. HENDERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Excerpt The chief modes of treatment currently advocated for barbiturate intoxication are conservative or supportive management (1), dialytic therapy (2), and the "Scandinavian method" (3) or forced diuresis. This paper reviews the pharmacology of barbiturates considering especially the usual route of detoxification and elimination and how these routes are affected by various forms of therapy. Against this background the treatment of 62 consecutive cases seen by the authors at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital is compared with the published experience of others. The authors' experience will be presented first to permit discussion of it later in the review. RECENT EXPERIENCE AT
Child psychiatric disorder and relative age in school year: Peer effects need to be considered
Authors: W. Caan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Goodman et al show clearly how small effects at an individual level can create opportunities at the population level for public health interventions.1 As they say, the differential behaviour of teachers towards slightly younger pupils in the classroom may increase their risk of developing mental health problems. However, there are other players learning their parts in the classroom drama: the older children.

As professionals and adults it is easy for us to neglect the long term impact of early social adversity,2 but patterns of bullying and sexual aggression can undermine mental wellbeing in the school age population. At 5, if there are going to be targets for classroom bullying, the younger (smaller, less articulate, less assertive) child may be at greatest risk. At 11 and older, the young people who reach puberty first may show aggression towards their less developed classmates.

Most children do not experience trauma during “the best years of their lives,” but for some Lord of the Flies can be closer to their experience of schooldays. When young people do become trapped in harmful social situations, quite subtle differences in age and development might increase the risks. However, this growing knowledge base on child development and life trajectories could also improve our interventions to promote mental health.1
Study: Few Advocacy Groups Disclose Grants From Drug Companies
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

lation. Although treating obesity may be the focus of care for children with sleep-disordered breathing, that does not mean tonsillectomy should be considered only after a child has the obesity under control and the irregular breathing still persists, Rosenfeld said. “You do not want to keep a kid with 2 golf balls in his throat waiting months to lose 50 pounds.” The guideline also offers recommendations that run contrary to traditional practice. They advise against routinely prescribing perioperative antibiotics to children undergoing tonsillectomy and also note that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), except ketorolac, can be safely used for postoperative pain treatment. “Probably 90% of clinicians prescribe some type of oral antibiotic as part of the recovery regimen, but there is a lot of evidence showing a lack of consistent benefit to giving everyone the medication,” Rosenfeld said. “So we are putting a statement out there saying do not do this, especially when there are concerns about bacterial resistance.” Recommending the use of NSAIDs may be a tougher sell due to their perceived possible adverse effects on platelet function that may prolong bleeding. But Rosenfeld said the evidence argues for NSAID use. “We have been denying patients adequate pain relief over unsubstantiated fears of bleeding.” Still, Schoem does not believe the guideline will quickly change practice patterns for NSAID use following tonsillectomy. “Most otolaryngologists are still leeryofusingNSAIDsandmostwill use acetaminophen or acetaminophen with a narcotic,” Schoem said. “I am not sure if thisnewguidelinewill change the mindof toomanyotolaryngologists.”
Comparison of transcendental meditation and progressive relaxation in reducing anxiety.
Authors: D Thomas, K A Abbas
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Traditionally, these contain silver or gold, or both, but, as the table shows, substitution of base metals-including lead-may not be uncommon.Reputed aphrodisiacs are widely advertised in the Urdu language newspapers in Britain.The compounds taken by our patient were purchased in Bangladesh, but lead poisoning from aphrodisiacs may be an unrecognised health hazard in some immigrants in Britain.We thank the Laboratories of the Health and Safety Executive for lead and coproporphyrin levels, the Laboratory of the Government Chemist for analysis of the powders, Dr D Barltrop for erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and Professor P Lawther for his guidance.
Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Promotes Neointimal Formation After Injury
Authors: Kikuo Isoda, Masaru Shiigai, Norio Ishigami, Taizo Matsuki, Reiko Horai, Kenichirou Nishikawa, Masatoshi Kusuhara, Yasuhiro Nishida, Yoichiro Iwakura, Fumitaka Ohsuzu
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is an important mediator of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Activity of this cytokine is modulated endogenously via the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The role of IL-1Ra in neointima formation after injury, however, is poorly understood.Using IL-1Ra-deficient (IL-1Ra-/-; backcrossed 8 generations into the C57BL/6J background) and wild-type (IL-1Ra+/+) mice, we investigated neointimal formation 3 weeks after femoral artery injury induced by an external vascular cuff model. Intima and media thicknesses were measured, and the intima/media ratio was calculated. The mean intimal thickness and the intima/media ratio of IL-1Ra-/- mice increased by 249% (31.8+/-2.9 microm [n=10] versus 9.1+/-0.7 microm [n=10]; P<0.0001) and 257% (2.5+/-0.2 versus 0.7+/-0.1; P<0.0001), respectively, compared with IL-1Ra+/+ mice. No significant differences were observed in the medial thickness. Control immunostaining for IL-1Ra in injured vessels localized IL-1beta and the endogenous inhibitor in the endothelium and inflammatory cells of the adventitia in IL-1Ra+/+ but not IL-1Ra-/- mice.The absence of IL-1Ra promotes neointimal formation in mice after injury. These results suggest that endogenous IL-1Ra may suppress other occlusive vascular responses to injury, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty.
High incidence of vincristine-induced neuropathy in lymphomas.
Authors: S M Watkins, J P Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The incidence of vincristine-induced neuropathy was studied in 60 unselected patients, of whom 23 had lymphoma and 37 had other malignant disease. All were treated with vincristine combined with other cytotoxic agents. Fourteen of the patients with lymphoma (61%) developed neuropathy compared with five patients with leukaemia or non-lymphoid cancer (14%), even though all patients received comparable doses of vincristine. The difference between the two groups in the incidence of neuropathy was highly significant. Of the patients who developed neuropathy, 17 did so within the first three months of treatment and seven in the first month. Patients with lymphoma who are receiving vincristine should be observed carfully for symptoms and signs of neuropathy. Vincristine should be withdrawn if progressive neurotoxicity develops.
Adalimumab in severe and acute sciatica
Authors: S Genevay, S Viatte, A Finckh, P Zufferey, F Balague, C Gabay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Based on several experimental results and on a preliminary study, a trial was undertaken to assess the effi cacy of adalimumab, a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitor, in patients with radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation.Methods A multicentre randomised double-blind controlled trial was conducted between May 2005 and December 2007 in Switzerland.Patients with acute (<12 weeks) and severe (Oswestry disability index >50) radicular leg pain and imaging-confi rmed lumbar disc herniation were randomised to receive as adjuvant therapy either two subcutaneous injections of adalimumab (40 mg) at 7-day interval or matching placebo.The primary outcome was leg pain, which was recorded every day for 10 days and at 6 weeks and 6 months based on a visual analogue scale (0-100).Results Of the 265 patients screened, 61 were enrolled (adalimumab=1) and 4 were lost to follow-up.Over time, leg pain decreased to a signifi cantly greater extent in the adalimumab group than in the placebo group (p<0.001),but the effect size was relatively small (13.8 (95% CI -11.5 to 39.0) at 6 months).In addition, in the adalimumab group twice as many patients fulfi lled the criteria for 'responders' and for 'low residual disease impact' (p<0.05) and fewer surgical discectomies were performed (6 vs 13, p=0.04). ConclusionThe addition of a short course of adalimumab to the treatment regimen of patients with acute and severe sciatica resulted in a small decrease in leg pain and in signifi cantly fewer surgical procedures.
Antiangiogenic Effect of TW37, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Bcl-2
Authors: Benjamin D. Zeitlin, Esther Joo, Zhihong Dong, Kristy Warner, Guoping Wang, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska, Shaomeng Wang, Jacques E. Nör
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic protein that is up-regulated in several tumor types, and its expression levels have strong correlation to development of resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. We have shown recently that Bcl-2 also functions as a proangiogenic signaling molecule that activates a nuclear factor-κB–mediated pathway resulting in up-regulation of the angiogenic chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 by neovascular endothelial cells. Here, we evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of the novel small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 (TW37) developed using a structure-based design strategy. We observed that TW37 has an IC50 of 1.8 μmol/L for endothelial cells but showed no cytotoxic effects for fibroblasts at concentrations up to 50 μmol/L. The mechanism of TW37-induced endothelial cell death was apoptosis, in a process mediated by mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The effect of TW37 on endothelial cell apoptosis was not prevented by coexposure to the growth factor milieu secreted by tumor cells. Inhibition of the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells (i.e., migration and capillary sprouting assays) and expression of the angiogenic chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 were accomplished at subapoptotic TW37 concentrations (0.005-0.05 μmol/L). Notably, administration of TW37 i.v. resulted in a decrease in the density of functional human microvessels in the severe combined immunodeficient mouse model of human angiogenesis. In conclusion, we describe functionally separate proapoptotic and antiangiogenic mechanisms for a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 and show the potential for Bcl-2 inhibition as a target for antiangiogenic therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8698-706)
Acidosis protects against lethal oxidative injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Steven F. Bronk, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The purposes of this study were to determine the pH dependence of lethal endothelial cell injury during oxidative stress and the pH dependence of those cellular mechanisms proposed to result in endothelial cell killing. Oxidative stress was produced in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with H 2 O 2 (5 mmol/L). Cell survival was dependent on the extracellular pH. Indeed, after 180 min of incubation with H 2 O 2 , cell survival was only 27% at pH 7.4,45% at pH 6.8 (p &lt;0.05) and 62% at pH 6.4 (p &lt;0.05). Despite improved cell survival at pH 6.4 compared with pH 7.4, the magnitude of ATP hydrolysis and glutathione depletion was similar. In contrast to cell survival, lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde generation was increased twofold at pH 6.4 compared with pH 7.4. A rapid and profound loss of the the mitochondrial membrane potential occurred during oxidative stress at pH 7.4 that was delayed at pH 6.4 (0.3% vs. 20% of the initial value at 30 min, p &lt;0.0001). After 60 min of incubation with H 2 O 2 , NAD(P)H oxidation was greater at pH 7.4 than at pH 6.4 (100% vs. 64%, p &lt;0.05). The results indicate that the protective effect of acidosis against cell death during oxidative stress is associated with the inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidation and delayed loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Acidosis appears to maintain organelle and cell integrity during oxidative stress by influencing the redox status of NAD(P)H. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:150-157.)
Cardiac Raptor Ablation Impairs Adaptive Hypertrophy, Alters Metabolic Gene Expression, and Causes Heart Failure in Mice
Authors: Pankaj Shende, Isabelle Plaisance, Christian Morandi, Corinne Pellieux, Corinne Berthonneche, Francesco Zorzato, Jaya Krishnan, René Lerch, Michael N. Hall, Markus A. Rüegg, Thierry Pedrazzini, Marijke Brink
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Cardiac hypertrophy involves growth responses to a variety of stimuli triggered by increased workload. It is an independent risk factor for heart failure and sudden death. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in cellular growth responses by integrating growth factor and energy status signals. It is found in 2 structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes called mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. The role of each of these branches of mTOR signaling in the adult heart is currently unknown.We generated mice with deficient myocardial mTORC1 activity by targeted ablation of raptor, which encodes an essential component of mTORC1, during adulthood. At 3 weeks after the deletion, atrial and brain natriuretic peptides and β-myosin heavy chain were strongly induced, multiple genes involved in the regulation of energy metabolism were altered, but cardiac function was normal. Function deteriorated rapidly afterward, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy and high mortality within 6 weeks. Aortic banding-induced pathological overload resulted in severe dilated cardiomyopathy already at 1 week without a prior phase of adaptive hypertrophy. The mechanism involved a lack of adaptive cardiomyocyte growth via blunted protein synthesis capacity, as supported by reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 and 4E-binding protein 1. In addition, reduced mitochondrial content, a shift in metabolic substrate use, and increased apoptosis and autophagy were observed.Our results demonstrate an essential function for mTORC1 in the heart under physiological and pathological conditions and are relevant for the understanding of disease states in which the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling axis is affected such as diabetes mellitus and heart failure or after cancer therapy.