tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Penicillamine and the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Irmin Sternlieb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

IN THE TEN YEARS since Walshe<sup>1</sup>first proposed the use of penicillamine, this chelating agent for copper has become the treatment of choice for hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease).<sup>2,3</sup>Penicillamine is also effective in the treatment of lead poisoning,<sup>4</sup>of cystinuria,<sup>5,6</sup>and, experimentally, of a number of other diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.<sup>7</sup>Information about the drug's toxicity is, consequently, of more general interest than the rarity of hepatolenticular degeneration might indicate. Several undesirable side effects of penicillamine have been encountered: about one third of patients suffer from acute sensitivity reactions manifested by fever, urticarial rash, adenopathy, severe leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia<sup>2</sup>; reversible optic neuritis has been observed in two patients<sup>8,9</sup>; and painless, friable, pigmented, bullous lesions of skin, which is also often excessively wrinkled, have appeared in some patients after prolonged administration of more than 2 gm of penicillamine daily.<sup>2</sup> The most serious reaction
Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Oxidized LDL in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Qing Jing, Sun-Mei Xin, Zhi-Jie Cheng, Wen-Bo Zhang, Ru Zhang, Yong-Wen Qin, Gang Pei
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) have been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. The present study showed that oxLDL strongly evoked phosphorylation and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in concentration- and time-dependent manners, reaching the maximal activation at 100 μg/mL within 5 minutes. The results from immunofluorescence staining also revealed that p38 MAPK was activated by oxLDL in 5 minutes, and the activated p38 MAPK was translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus of VSMCs in 15 minutes. Activation of p38 MAPK by oxLDL was apparently not mediated by their classical scavenger receptors and was not affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, activation of p38 MAPK was effectively blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin and was significantly reduced by phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122. OxLDL also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation and increased inositol phosphate formation. More interestingly, inhibition of p38 MAPK by its specific inhibitor SB203580 significantly blocked oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity (increased leakage of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase to the culture medium, reduced [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, and attenuated mitochondrial metabolism of tetrazolium salt, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium), MTS) in VSMCs, and pretreatment with pertussis toxin also inhibited oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrated that oxLDL effectively activated p38 MAPK in VSMCs, which was likely mediated via pertussis toxin–sensitive G proteins, and the p38 activation was functionally associated with oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity in VSMCs.
Enhancement of Mammary Carcinogenesis by High Levels of Dietary Fat: A Phenomenon Dependent on Ad Libitum Feeding
Authors: Clifford W. Welsch, Jonetta L. House, Brent L. Herr, Stacey J. Eliasberg, Margaret A. Welsch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Enhancement of Mammary Carcinogenesis by High Levels of Dietary Fat: A Phenomenon Dependent on Ad Libitum Feeding Get access Clifford W. Welsch, Clifford W. Welsch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jonetta L. House, Jonetta L. House Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brent L. Herr, Brent L. Herr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stacey J. Eliasberg, Stacey J. Eliasberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret A. Welsch Margaret A. Welsch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 20, 17 October 1990, Pages 1615–1620, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.20.1615 Published: 17 October 1990 Article history Received: 16 May 1990 Revision received: 23 July 1990 Accepted: 30 July 1990 Published: 17 October 1990
Health in Africa: British mental health trust twins with psychiatric service in Sierra Leone
Authors: Shaun Collins
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Time to wake up to cancer's tollEditor-As exemplified by your theme issue on Africa of 1 October, cancer has remained comparatively neglected in Africa although increasingly prevalent: 70% of people with cancer live in the economically developing world, where by 2020 the annual death toll is predicted to reach 20 million. 1 In sub-Saharan Africa measures to prevent cancer emphasised in the developed world-such as smoking cessation and screening-are not nationally adopted.One third of African cancers are preventable, but the influence of tobacco companies with mass media advertising and high crop payments is real.Traditional cancers, such as gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma, and newer cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma, are increasing in incidence. 2 3 Patients' expectations for oncological treatment are low in Africa.Lack of money, or a concern not to place their family in debt, prevents many from seeking medical help. 4 Lack of awareness of predisposing factors, warning symptoms or signs of cancer, or treatment options mean that patients present late.Cost and difficulty of travel over rough terrain also discourage service use.After diagnosis patients may tend to look for peace of mind and spiritual comfort rather than a physical cure.In Africa disease modifying cancer treatment and basic control of symptoms are largely absent.Even when analgesia is available, patients with cancer may experience severe and inadequately managed pain, as health professionals underprescribe strong analgesics, fearing drug dependency. 5 Individual sub-Saharan countries cannot tackle the challenges of cancer in isolation.A new, cooperative approach and research base are being advocated for preventing, treating, and palliating cancer to bridge the gap between developed and developing nations.
Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses
Authors: Jason A. Hall, Nicolas Bouladoux, Cheng Ming Sun, Elizabeth A. Wohlfert, Rebecca B. Blank, Qing Zhu, Michael E. Grigg, Jay A. Berzofsky, Yasmine Belkaid
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Vitiligo and gastric carcinoma.
Authors: P D Wright, C W Venables, R P Dawber
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Memorandature, he promptly called into consultation a distinguished surgeon, who confirmed the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and advised my immediate removal to hospital.When I arrived there the diagnosis was again confirmed by a surgeon of vast experience, and he advised immediate operation.This took place that same evening, and a diseased gall bladder, already necrotic in parts, and contain- ing 15 pigment stones, was successfully removed.Convalescence was uneventful, and I was discharged on 18 April.
Arteriovenous potassium changes and ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion
Authors: M. Thomas, G. Shulman, L. Opie
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

In the dog, occlusion of either the anterior descending coronary artery or its branches was followed by discharge of potassium into the accompanying local vein. Serious ventricular arrhythmias occurred frequently after occlusion of the descending artery or its terminal branch, but not after occlusion of anterolateral or apical branches. Anatomical factors appeared to be of greater importance than an increase in coronary venous potassium concentration in determining the onset of serious arrhythmias soon after coronary artery occlusion.
1045-191 High-density lipoprotein-induced tube formation requires the activation of Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Shin-Ichiro Miura, Masahiro Fujino, Hiroyuki Tanigawa, Yoshino Matsuo, Akira Kawamura, Hiroaki Nishikawa, Keijiro Saku
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Hodgkin's Disease: Cases with Features of a Community Outbreak
Authors: N. J. VIANNA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A study of the incidence of Hodgkin's disease in Albany County, N.Y., from 1950 through 1970, showed a period of high incidence followed by an apparently reciprocal period, when the incidence of the disease was below average. The increased incidence closely paralleled temporally the occurrence of cases in a specific group of students, their friends, and household relatives. Thirty-four lymphoma cases, of which 31 were Hodgkin's disease, have been interlinked to date. These observations and the occurrence of similar Hodgkin's disease groupings in two different areas suggest that the pattern of disease occurrence was similar to that of an infectious disease.
Over-the-Counter Statins
Authors: Niteesh K. Choudhry, Jerry Avorn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

In late 2004, the British government decided to allow a lipid-lowering agent to be sold as an over-the-counter medication. In contrast, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently decided not to do so. The United States and other countries will soon face similar decisions for other statins. Although statins have infrequent side effects and have been shown to be effective in moderate-risk primary prevention populations, many questions remain unanswered about their effectiveness at lower doses in over-the-counter use, the ability of patients to self-select themselves for appropriate therapy, and the social and economic implications associated with this method of distribution for preventive medications. A rational policy decision concerning over-the-counter statin use will require an effectiveness trial to provide data on how such drugs would be used in this context, as well as on the clinical outcomes that could be expected from this novel "route of administration."
The Weight of Traumatic Stress
Authors: Laura D. Kubzansky, Paula Bordelois, Hee Jin Jun, Andrea L. Roberts, Magdalena Cerda, Noah Bluestone, Karestan C. Koenen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates a chronic stress reaction in response to trauma. This prevalent condition has been identified as a possible risk factor for obesity. Whether PTSD symptoms alter the trajectory of weight gain or constitute a comorbid condition has not been established. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether women who develop PTSD symptoms are subsequently more likely to gain weight and become obese relative to trauma-exposed women who do not develop PTSD symptoms or women with no trauma exposure or PTSD symptoms and whether the effects are independent of depression. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective observational study initiated in 1989 with follow-up to 2005, using a PTSD screener to measure PTSD symptoms and time of onset. We included the subsample of the Nurses' Health Study II (54 224 participants; ages 24-44 years in 1989) in whom trauma and PTSD symptoms were measured. <h3>Exposures</h3> Trauma and PTSD symptoms. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Development of overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) cut points 25.0 and 30.0, respectively; change in BMI during follow-up among women reporting PTSD symptom onset before 1989; and BMI trajectory before and after PTSD symptom onset among women who developed PTSD symptoms in 1989 or during follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Among women with at least 4 PTSD symptoms before 1989 (cohort initiation), BMI increased more steeply (b = 0.09 [SE = 0.01];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) during the follow-up. Among women who developed PTSD symptoms in 1989 or later, BMI trajectory did not differ by PTSD status before PTSD onset. After PTSD symptom onset, women with at least 4 symptoms had a faster rise in BMI (b = 0.08 [SE = 0.02];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The onset of at least 4 PTSD symptoms in 1989 or later was also associated with an increased risk of becoming overweight or obese (odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.19-1.56]) among women with a normal BMI in 1989. Effects were maintained after adjusting for depression. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Experience of PTSD symptoms is associated with an increased risk of becoming overweight or obese, and PTSD symptom onset alters BMI trajectories over time. The presence of PTSD symptoms should raise clinician concerns about physical health problems that may develop and prompt closer attention to weight status.
Reye's syndrome: assessment of intracranial monitoring.
Authors: J G Jenkins, J F Glasgow, G W Black, T F Fannin, E M Hicks, S R Keilty, P M Crean
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Direct measurements of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure were recorded in 39 patients aged 3.6 months to 5 years 11 months with Reye's syndrome judged to be stage 2 or beyond. Of 33 patients who survived, 27 made a full recovery and six were severely handicapped. Measurement of cerebral perfusion pressure, which is greatly reduced in the more severe forms of Reye's syndrome, was a better guide to prognosis and management than intracranial pressure alone. The findings emphasise that maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure is essential if mortality and morbidity are to be reduced. Intracranial monitoring is mandatory in all but the mildest cases of Reye's syndrome.
Comparison Between Transcatheter and Surgical Prosthetic Valve Implantation in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: M.A. Clavel, J.G. Webb, J. Rodés-Cabau, J.B. Masson, E. Dumont, R. De Larochellière, D. Doyle, S. Bergeron, H. Baumgartner, I.G. Burwash, J.G. Dumesnil, G. Mundigler, R. Moss, A. Kempny, R. Bagur, J. Bergler-Klein, R. Gurvitch, P. Mathieu, P. Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Patients with severe aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have a poor prognosis with conservative therapy but a high operative mortality when treated surgically. Recently, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients considered at high or prohibitive operative risk. The objective of this study was to compare TAVI and SAVR with respect to postoperative recovery of LVEF in patients with severe aortic stenosis and reduced LV systolic function.Echocardiographic data were prospectively collected before and after the procedure in 200 patients undergoing SAVR and 83 patients undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis (aortic valve area ≤1 cm(2)) with reduced LV systolic function (LVEF ≤50%). TAVI patients were significantly older (81±8 versus 70±10 years; P<0.0001) and had more comorbidities compared with SAVR patients. Despite similar baseline LVEF (34±11% versus 34±10%), TAVI patients had better recovery of LVEF compared with SAVR patients (ΔLVEF, 14±15% versus 7±11%; P=0.005). At the 1-year follow-up, 58% of TAVI patients had a normalization of LVEF (>50%) as opposed to 20% in the SAVR group. On multivariable analysis, female gender (P=0.004), lower LVEF at baseline (P=0.005), absence of atrial fibrillation (P=0.01), TAVI (P=0.007), and larger increase in aortic valve area after the procedure (P=0.01) were independently associated with better recovery of LVEF.In patients with severe aortic stenosis and depressed LV systolic function, TAVI is associated with better LVEF recovery compared with SAVR. TAVI may provide an interesting alternative to SAVR in patients with depressed LV systolic function considered at high surgical risk.
Cross-reactivity Between Penicillins and Cephalosporins with the Same Side Chain: Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil
Authors: M.J. Torres, N. Blanca-Lopez, E. Martin, C. Mayorga, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, I. Doña, G. Canto, C. Antunez, J.J. Romero, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Incidence of Hepatitis C in Patients Receiving Different Preparations of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulins after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Cyrille Feray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation is a clinical problem. Polyclonal immunoglobulins against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBIGs) prevent the recurrence of HBV infection, but no effective prophylaxis is available for HCV infection. Before screening of blood donors was introduced in France, HBIGs may have contained antibody to HCV (anti-HCV). Objective: To determine the influence of HBIG on the occurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation before and after 1990. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Liver transplantation unit of a university hospital. Patients: 428 consecutive patients who had liver transplantation because of cirrhosis between 1984 and 1994. Measurements: Detection of serum HCV RNA before and 1 year after transplantation and findings on liver graft biopsy. Results: Among the 218 patients who had HCV infection before transplantation, the incidence of HCV viremia after transplantation was lower in those receiving HBIG than in those not receiving HBIG (25 of 46 patients [54%] compared with 162 of 172 patients [94%]; P < 0.001). In patients receiving HBIG, the incidence of HCV viremia after transplantation was lower among those who had transplantation before March 1990 than among those who had transplantation after this date (15 of 33 patients [45%] compared with 10 of 13 patients [77%]; P = 0.05). Among the 210 patients without HCV infection before transplantation, acquired infection was significantly less frequent in those receiving HBIG than in those not receiving HBIG (18 of 68 patients [26%] compared with 40 of 86 patients [47%]; P < 0.001). Passively transmitted anti-HCV was transiently detected in patients receiving HBIG before March 1990. Multivariate analysis in patients with HCV infection before transplantation showed that the absence of HBIG and transplantation after March 1990 were independent significant risk factors for chronic hepatitis C after transplantation. Conclusions: Polyclonal immunoglobulins that are treated for viral decontamination and contain anti-HCV could prevent HCV infection.
Use of Alendronate After 5 Years of Treatment
Authors: Pierre D. Delmas
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic variants and risk of lung cancer in never smokers
Authors: A. Leahy
Journal: Thorax (2010)

This four-stage study systematically investigated common genetic variations associated with the risk of developing lung cancer in never smokers. Stage 1 involved a genome-wide association study at the Mayo Clinic. A total of 331 918 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 377 case–control matched pairs were analysed. The 44 most significant SNPs that might alter the risk of …
The evidence base for shaken baby syndrome
Authors: J F Geddes, J Plunkett
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—It is difficult to understand how Reece et al could interpret our editorial as displaying “a worrisome and persistent bias against the diagnosis of child abuse in general.” Child abuse exists, and we know and attest that it exists. The editorial does not discuss “child abuse in general.”

Child abuse exists in many forms: our editorial addresses the diagnostic criteria for a specific type of abuse, the so-called shaken baby syndrome. We emphasise, as have Donohoe and Lantz et al,1 2 that the literature to support …
Health: United States
Authors: John A. H. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This annual publication for the US Department of Health and Human Services entitled<i>Health: United States</i>is a report to Congress on the health status of the nation. The current volume, for 1984, has dropped the essays on selected topics by experts within the government. In exchange, there has been an extension of the statistical material. Over the years, these surveys were interesting and valuable. Material emerged in them, with appropriate commentary, that was not otherwise readily available. It is to be hoped that they will be continued elsewhere. The 1984 report opens with a series of about 50 short paragraphs labeled "Highlights." Each contains some snappy facts: from the life table—life expectancy has reached a new high of 74.7 years, and is still 16.8 years at age 65; from general vital statistics— the fertility rate is stable; and from data on health care utilization and resources—15% of people over
SERUM DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: B. W. Rhamy
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —Regarding the communication of Dr. Hindman (The Journal, May 25, 1918, p. 1561) in which he states that sodium acetate [recommended by me for preservation of complement,The Journal, Sept. 22, 1917] forms a precipitate with some guinea-pig serums, let me state, after considerable experience with this method, that no such precipitate occurs from acetate solutions up to 25 per cent. strength. Solutions above this strength may cause a crystalline precipitate, which can be sedimented off and does not interfere in any way with the complement fixation reaction.  In regard to his observation as to the possibility of getting a negative reaction in a weakly positive case, on account of the sharp reaction or possible overaction of acetated complement, allow me to suggest that this is a matter entirely of exact technic.  In my experience, which has been entirely with guinea-pig serum, I found that in using
85 SELECTIVE INTESTINAL DECONTAMINATION IMPROVES LIVER HAEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL RELATED DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A.S. Saveriadis, J. Vlachogiannakos, N. Viazis, I. Theodoropoulos, K. Foudoulis, S. Manolakopoulos, S. Raptis, D.G. Karamanolis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)