tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AND ("Allow natural death")--could it make a difference?
Authors: R. McCoubrie
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Occupational exposure to disinfectants is associated with work-related asthma, especially in healthcare workers. However, little is known about the specific products involved. To evaluate disinfectant exposures, we designed job-exposure (JEM) and job-task-exposure (JTEM) matrices, which are thought to be less prone to differential misclassification bias than self-reported exposure. We then compared the three assessment methods: self-reported exposure, JEM and JTEM. <h3>Methods</h3> Disinfectant use was assessed by an occupational questionnaire in 9073 US female registered nurses without asthma, aged 49–68 years, drawn from the Nurses9 Health Study II. A JEM was created based on self-reported frequency of use (1–3, 4–7 days/week) of 7 disinfectants and sprays in 8 nursing jobs. We then created a JTEM combining jobs and disinfection tasks to further reduce misclassification. Exposure was evaluated in 3 classes (low, medium, high) using product-specific cut-offs (eg, &lt;30%, 30–49.9%, ≥50%, respectively, for alcohol); the cut-offs were defined from the distribution of self-reported exposure per job/task. <h3>Results</h3> The most frequently reported disinfectants were alcohol (weekly use: 39%), bleach (22%) and sprays (20%). More nurses were classified as highly exposed by JTEM (alcohol 41%, sprays 41%, bleach 34%) than by JEM (21%, 30%, 26%, respectively). Agreement between JEM and JTEM was fair-to-moderate (κ 0.3–0.5) for most disinfectants. JEM and JTEM exposure estimates were heterogeneous in most nursing jobs, except in emergency room and education/administration. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The JTEM may provide more accurate estimates than the JEM, especially for nursing jobs with heterogeneous tasks. Use of the JTEM is likely to reduce exposure misclassification.
THE OCCURRENCE OF STIGMATA OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IN RABBITS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FACTOR OF INHERITANCE
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The report is concerned with the occurrence of stigmata of syphilis in the progeny of syphilitic rabbits and the probable cause for such conditions in cases where no infection can be demonstrated. The history of a group of animals presenting these conditions is given and possible causes are discussed in the light of evidence derived from a study of these animals. In this instance, it appeared that the lesions suggesting syphilis were of functional rather than of infectious origin and that heredity was an important factor in determining their occurrence.
Diastolic Dysfunction Is an Independent Risk Factor for Death in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Vandana Sachdev, Roberto F. Machado, Yukitaka Shizukuda, Yesoda N. Rao, Stanislav Sidenko, Inez Ernst, Marilyn St. Peter, Wynona A. Coles, Douglas R. Rosing, William C. Blackwelder, Oswaldo Castro, Gregory J. Kato, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS
Authors: Waro Nakahara, James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

A dose of x-rays governed by the following factors induces a stimulation of lymphoid tissue in mice: spark-gap ⅞ inch, milliamperage 25, distance 8 inches, time of exposure 10 minutes. Within 4 days after this dose there appeared an abnormally large number of mitotic figures in the lymphoid tissue of spleen and lymph glands, indicating an acceleration of the proliferative activity of the tissue.
Jet-Ski Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Andrew Ziskind
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome occurring in apparently normal, healthy individuals as a result of performing strenuous exercise. It has been observed in marathon runners1-3and military recruits4-6and the activities of mechanical bull riding,7conga drumming,8karate kicking,9and wrestling.10We now describe a case of rhabdomyolysis occurring after jetskiing—a growing water sport in which the operator rides a motorcycle-like vehicle on the water's surface.  Report of a Case.—  A previously healthy 31-year-old man was initially seen with the complaint of right arm pain and swelling. Four and five days earlier, he rode a jet ski for three hours daily. He experienced only ordinary muscle aches until two days later, when he noted swelling of his right arm from the wrist to shoulder accompanied by paresthesias of the right hand. The patient denied recent trauma or participation in strenuous
Transvascular intracardiac imaging applications of a miniaturized phased array ultrasonic endoscope after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure: Experience in piglets
Authors: Lilliam M. Valdes-Cruz, Eleftherios Sideris, David J. Sahn, Azucena Murillo-Olivas, Ole Knudson, Ryozo Omoto, Shunei Kyo, Robert Gulde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
STENT-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE OF ANGIOSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION TO PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS, COMPARISON BETWEEN PACLITAXEL- VERSUS EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Daisuke Kitano, Tadteru Takayama, Taro Kawano, Takafumi Hiro, Atsushi Hirayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Schwannoma Mimicking Lung Cancer Metastases Demonstrated by PET/CT
Authors: Chih-Yung Chang, Yu-Ming Fan, Chien-Yu Bai, Shiou-Chi Cherng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 60-year-old woman with prior right upper lobe lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung was referred for a combined F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging to evaluate an enlarging right cervical node. The F-18 FDG PET/CT images showed a level III nodular lesion with increased FDG uptake in the right neck region. Surgical excision was performed under the impression of metastases. Histopathologic evaluation, however, revealed a schwannoma.
Error Reporting and Disclosure Systems
Authors: Joel S. Weissman, Catherine L. Annas, Arnold M. Epstein, Eric C. Schneider, Brian Clarridge, Leslie Kirle, Constantine Gatsonis, Sandra Feibelmann, Nancy Ridley
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextThe Institute of Medicine has recommended establishing mandatory error reporting systems for hospitals and other health settings.Objective To examine the opinions and experiences of hospital leaders with state reporting systems.Design and Setting Survey of chief executive and chief operating officers (CEOs/ COOs) from randomly selected hospitals in 2 states with mandatory reporting and public disclosure, 2 states with mandatory reporting without public disclosure, and 2 states without mandatory systems in 2002-2003. Main Outcome MeasuresPerceptions of the effects of mandatory systems on error reporting, likelihood of lawsuits, and overall patient safety; attitudes regarding release of incident reports to the public; and likelihood of reporting incidents to the state or to the affected patient based on hypothetical clinical vignettes that varied the type and severity of patient injury. ResultsResponses were received from 203 of 320 hospitals (response rate = 63%).Most CEOs/COOs thought that a mandatory, nonconfidential system would discourage reporting of patient safety incidents to their hospital's own internal reporting system (69%) and encourage lawsuits (79%) while having no effect or a negative effect on patient safety (73%).More than 80% felt that the names of both the hospital and the involved professionals should be kept confidential, although respondents from states with mandatory public disclosure systems were more willing than respondents from the other states to release the hospital name (22% vs 4%-6%, P=.005).Based on the vignettes, more than 90% of hospital leaders said their hospital would report incidents involving serious injury to the state, but far fewer would report moderate or minor injuries, even when the incident was of sufficient consequence that they would tell the affected patient or family.Conclusions Most hospital leaders expressed substantial concerns about the impact of mandatory, nonconfidential reporting systems on hospital internal reporting, lawsuits, and overall patient safety.While hospital leaders generally favor disclosure of patient safety incidents to involved patients, fewer would disclose incidents involving moderate or minor injury to state reporting systems.
Confusion about New Zealand abortion.
Authors: W Savage
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the embryonic circulatory system has developed interchange of transplantation antigens is possible; before this some traffic of trophoblastic cells or of subcellular material from the fetal complex to the mother may occur, while the passage of immunopotent substances into the embryo from the maternal circulation is also a possibility.Antigen thus transferred could be not only non-sensitising in form and amount but also capable of defunctioning rejection mechanisms in ways previously reviewed' and artificially explored.6Whichever of these hypothetical mechanisms may be shared with the cancer-host and the surgical transplant-recipient systems, it seems clear that the immunological equilibrium existing throughout pregnancy is a dynamic multifactorial system with a steady interchange of immune information and a concominant ever-changing series of reactions.Knowledge of the kinetics of humoral and cellular responses to the two-way traffic in trans- plantation antigens is the central need of further understanding.
Put Prevention Into Practice Education and Action Kit
Authors: Louis Hugo Francescutti
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The<i>Put Prevention Into Practice Education and Action Kit</i>includes the<i>Clinician's Handbook of Preventive Services</i>and the various materials noted above, including prescription pads, Post-it notes, posters, chart stickers, and flow sheets. The kit was developed for the US Public Health Service's "Put Prevention Into Practice" campaign, with the specific intention of improving the delivery of preventive care by primary care physicians. Given a decade of public interest in healthy living and prevention, what are the barriers to the implementation of preventive practices in the primary care physician's office? Most physicians would say that the greatest barrier is time, since patients usually arrive at the office with issues of acute or chronic illness. Another important barrier is knowledge of which interventions are indicated for individual patients. The last comprehensive compendium of preventive practices, the<i>US Preventive Services Task Force</i>[USPSTF]<i>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services</i>, was published in 1989.
En Bloc Mobilization of the Pancreas and Spleen to Facilitate Resection of Large Tumors, Primarily Renal and Adrenal, in the Left Upper Quadrant of the Abdomen: Techniques Derived from Multivisceral Transplantation
Authors: Gaetano Ciancio, Anil Vaidya, Samir Shirodkar, Murugesan Manoharan, Tariq Hakky, Mark Soloway
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Interferon-β
Authors: Andreas Schwarting, Kathrin Paul, Stefan Tschirner, Julia Menke, Torsten Hansen, Walburgis Brenner, Vicki Rubin Kelley, Manfred Relle, Peter R. Galle
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Type I interferons are associated with lupus. Genes that are regulated by IFN-α are upregulated in pediatric lupus patients. Gene deletion of the IFN-α/β receptor in experimental lupus-like NZB mice results in reduced disease activity. Conversely, IFN-β is a well-established treatment in multiple sclerosis, another autoimmune disease. For determining whether IFN-β treatment is harmful or beneficial in lupus, MRL-Faslpr mice were injected with this type I IFN. Treatment was initiated in MRL-Faslpr mice with mild and advanced disease. IFN-β was highly effective in prolonging survival and ameliorating the clinical (renal function, proteinuria, splenomegaly, and skin lesions), serologic (autoantibodies and cytokines), and histologic parameters of the lupus-like disease in mice that had mild and advanced disease. Several underlying mechanisms of IFN-β therapy involving cellular (decreased T cell proliferation and infiltration of leukocytes into the kidney) and humoral (decrease in IgG3 isotypes) immune responses and a reduction in nephrogenic cytokines were identified. In conclusion, IFN-β treatment of lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice is remarkably beneficial and suggests that IFN-β may be an appealing therapeutic candidate for subtypes of human lupus.
Call for the Turkish government to respect medical workers' duty to provide medical care to those in need
Authors: V. Iacopino, V. Nathanson, O. Kloiber, J. Sheather, M. Heisler, D. Dunevant, E. Young, A. Moreno, E. Nee, M. Mungherera, B. Beger, K. Fjeldsted, F. U. Montgomery, M. Reiter, L. Rubenstein, A. v. Es, P. Hall, M. Menon, E. Adams
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Turkish government has intensified its assault on medical neutrality.1 2 On 2 January 2014, a new health law was passed that criminalises the delivery of unauthorised emergency medical care and requires reporting of confidential patient information to state authorities for all clinical encounters. On 27 January 2014, the Ministry of Health brought a court suit against the governing and …
POLLEN TOXEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: I. S. KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In most instances of hay-fever and asthma in children, there is absence of or merely slight impairment of general health and nutrition, even when the asthmatic state is of almost daily occurrence and of months' or years' duration. In other children there exists, in addition to the physical discomfort, what is apparently a definite clinical state due to the toxemia of constant antigen absorption, the condition being made obvious by the exclusion of other toxic influences, by appropriate laboratory measures, and by the relief of the hay-fever and asthma. The etiologic factor in these cases has been primarily pollen, with additional feather sensitiveness. Foods have not been a factor in a single instance. The history of these cases consists of frequent almost nonintermitting so-called colds dating from early infancy, which actually represent the mild type of hay-fever so frequently seen in asthmatic children. Typical severe seasonal hay-fever is unusual. Frequent
Sunlight Adaptation Region of Neanderthal Genome Found in up to 65% of Modern East Asian Populations
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

With the Neanderthal genome now published, for the first time, scientists have a rich new resource of comparative evolution. For example, recently, scientists have shown that humans and Neanderthals once interbreed, with the accumulation of elements of Neanderthal DNA found in up to 5% in modern humans. Are there any advantages to the retention of Neanderthal DNA that favors modern humans? In a new article published in Molecular Biology and Evolution, Ding et al. (2013) present evidence for the accumulation of a Neanderthal DNA region found on chromosome 3 that contains 18 genes, with several related to ultraviolet (UV)-light adaptation, including the Hyal2 gene. Their results reveal that this region was positively selected and enriched in East Asians, ranging from up to 49% in Japanese to 66% in southern Chinese. Interestingly, the authors note the geographic distribution of the Neanderthal genomic region suggests that UV-light mutations were shown to be lost during the exodus of modern human from Africa and reintroduced to Eurasians from Neanderthals. “Overall, it is still very controversial whether there is more Neanderthal DNA contributions to Asians than Europeans, as we have evidence to argue against this,” said Lin. “Although in the case of the Hyal2 variant, it did indeed have a higher frequency in Asians.” From 45,000 to 5,000 years BP, effective population sizes of the Neanderthal region increased at a steady rate. Notably, the growth rate of the effective population size increased at around 5,000–3,500 years BP, which suggests a population expansion event. This Asian-specific Neanderthal evolutionary event is also consistent with previous reports of higher levels of Neanderthal ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans.
Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon in a patient with gout.
Authors: P G Mahoney, P D James, C J Howell, A J Swannell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

A 49-year-old man with long-standing gout suffered a spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. Surgical repair was performed, and gouty tophi were found in the severed end of the tendon. The possible causes of this spontaneous rupture are discussed.
THE ACTION OF TOXIC DOSES OF ETHER AND THE INFLUENCE OF AMYL NITRITE THEREON.
Authors: WILLIAM MUEHLBERG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is generally taught that ether is less toxic than chloroform, that it is less depressing in its action on the heart, and that the selective action of ether on the respiratory center is more manifest. A series of classroom experiments led us to doubt the truth of these views, and the present research was undertaken in the hope of clearing up, if possible, some of these questions. The following series of experiments were performed: Ether was injected into the jugular vein, the blood pressure being recorded in the carotid artery, the vagus nerves being intact. Ether was injected into the jugular vein, both vagi being cut. Ether was injected into the carotid artery, the other carotid being used for recording the blood pressure, the vagi being intact. Ether was injected into the carotid artery, the vagi being cut. Ether was injected subcutaneously. Chloroform was injected into the jugular vein,
Albumin-mediated Regulation of Cellular Glutathione and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation
Authors: ANDRÉ M. CANTIN, BENOIT PAQUETTE, MARTIN RICHTER, PIERRE LARIVÉE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a cystine-rich serum protein taken up by many cells through receptor-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis. We hypothesized that HSA may play a role in modulating cellular antioxidant redox signaling. Lung epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (HFL1), and blood lymphocytes had increased glutathione (GSH) levels after 8 h incubation with HSA. Similar GSH increases were observed with either plasma-derived or recombinant HSA. Serum depleted of HSA had no effect on cellular GSH. The GSH increase was also observed in normal murine lungs upon in vivo airway instillation of HSA. GSH enhancement was not related to the redox state of the free cysteine residue (Cys-34) on HSA, however, reduction of disulfide bonds in HSA inhibited the increase in cellular GSH. In addition, the albumin-mediated increase in GSH was inhibited by the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin, as well as by the membrane pH-disrupting ionophore monensin, but not by 20 mM NH4Cl. The degree to which albumin increased GSH levels was sufficient to protect cells against H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity and to decrease TNF- α -mediated NF- κ B activation. We conclude that albumin specifically modulates cellular GSH levels, an effect sufficient to protect cells against oxidant injury and regulate NF- κ B activation.
Correlation of Quality Measures With Estimates of Treatment Effect in Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ethan M. Balk
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextSpecific features of trial quality may be associated with exaggeration or shrinking of the observed treatment effect in randomized studies. Therefore, assessment of trial quality is often used in meta-analysis. However, the degree to which specific quality measures are associated with treatment effects has not been well established across a broad range of clinical areas.ObjectiveTo determine if quality measures are associated with treatment effect size in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).DesignQuality measures from published quality assessment scales were evaluated in RCTs included in meta-analyses from 4 medical areas (cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, pediatrics, and surgery). Included meta-analyses incorporated at least 6 RCTs, examined dichotomous outcomes, and demonstrated significant between-study heterogeneity in the odds ratio (OR) scale.Main Outcome MeasuresRelative ORs comparing overall treatment effect (summary OR) of high vs low-quality studies, as determined by each quality measure, with relative ORs less than 1 indicating larger treatment effect in low-quality studies.ResultsTwenty-four quality measures were analyzed for 276 RCTs from 26 meta-analyses. Relative ORs of high vs low-quality studies for these quality measures ranged from 0.83 to 1.26; none was statistically significantly associated with treatment effect. The proportion of studies fulfilling specific quality measures varied widely in the 4 medical areas. In analyses limited to specific medical areas, placebo control, multicenter studies, study country, caregiver blinding, and statistical methods were significantly associated with treatment effect on 7 occasions. These relative ORs ranged from 0.40 to 1.74. However, the directions of these associations were not consistent.ConclusionsIndividual quality measures are not reliably associated with the strength of treatment effect across studies and medical areas. Although use of specific quality measures may be appropriate in specific well-defined areas in which there is pertinent evidence, findings of associations with treatment effect cannot be generalized to all clinical areas or meta-analyses.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination of Day Care Children in Reducing Influenza-Related Morbidity Among Household Contacts
Authors: Eugene S. Hurwitz
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextA growing proportion of young children in the United States participate in day care, and these children are considered to be at high risk for influenza infection. Whether vaccinating day care children reduces household transmission of influenza is not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of vaccinating day care children on reducing influenza-related morbidity among their household contacts.DesignSingle-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted during the 1996-1997 influenza season.SettingTen day care centers for children of US Navy personnel in San Diego, Calif.ParticipantsA total of 149 day care attendees (aged 24-60 months) and their families were randomized; 127 children and their 328 household contacts received 2 vaccine doses and were included in the analysis.InterventionsInactivated influenza vaccine was administered to 60 children with 162 household contacts, and hepatitis A vaccine as a control was administered to 67 age-matched children with 166 household contacts.Main Outcome MeasuresInformation regarding febrile respiratory illnesses and related morbidity for household contacts of influenza-vaccinated vs control children (subgrouped by influenza-vaccinated and unvaccinated contacts), obtained by telephone interviews with parents every 2 weeks from November 1996 through April 1997.ResultsInfluenza-unvaccinated household contacts (n = 120) of influenza-vaccinated day care children had 42% fewer febrile respiratory illnesses (P = .04) compared with unvaccinated household contacts of control children. Among school-aged household contacts (aged 5-17 years), there was an 80% reduction among contacts of vaccinated children (n = 28) vs contacts of unvaccinated children (n = 31) in febrile respiratory illnesses (P = .01), as well as reductions of more than 70% in school days missed (P = .02), reported earaches (P = .02), physician visits (P = .007), physician-prescribed antibiotics (P = .02), and adults who missed work to take care of ill children (P = .04).ConclusionsThese results indicate that vaccinating day care children against influenza helps reduce influenza-related morbidity among their household contacts, particularly among school-aged contacts. Future studies should be conducted in civilian populations to assess the full effect of vaccinating day care children against influenza.