tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Imaging in Aortic Dissection and Related Syndromes
Authors: Ragavendra R. Baliga, Christoph A. Nienaber, Eduardo Bossone, Jae K. Oh, Eric M. Isselbacher, Udo Sechtem, Rossella Fattori, Subha V. Raman, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Julia T. Parker, Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. Anaerobic autolysates of pneumococci, prepared according to the method described, are highly toxic for guinea pigs when injected intratracheally in dosage of 0.2 cc. Death occurs either within a few hours (36 per cent) or within 3 days. In the early deaths there is intense hemorrhagic edema of the lungs with beginning inflammatory reaction; in animals surviving for 18 hours or longer extensive areas of pneumonia are produced. 2. The intratracheal injection of virulent living pneumococci is followed by transient slight lesion with recovery, or by later death from septicemia without pneumonic lesions. 3. The addition of a sublethal dose of toxic autolysate to living pneumococci alters the reaction of the animal, so that there develops extensive pneumonia associated with unrestrained multiplication of the organism.
Using big data to map the network organization of the brain
Authors: James E. Swain, Chandra Sripada, John D. Swain
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The past few years have shown a major rise in network analysis of “big data” sets in the social sciences, revealing non-obvious patterns of organization and dynamic principles. We speculate that the dependency dimension – individuality versus sociality – might offer important insights into the dynamics of neurons and neuronal ensembles. Connectomic neural analyses, informed by social network theory, may be helpful in understanding underlying fundamental principles of brain organization.
Microalbuminuria in a Middle-Aged Workforce: Effect of hyperglycemia and ethnicity
Authors: Patricia A Metcalf, John R Baker, Robert K R Scragg, Evan Dryson, Alastair J Scott, Chris J Wild
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a mixed, ethnic population and to find the extent that ethnic variation in microalbuminuria can be explained by abnormal glucose metabolism, obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and life-style factors.Urinary albumin concentrations were measured in 5467 middle-aged Maori, Pacific Islander, and European workers who participated in a health-screening survey of 46 New Zealand companies. Participants provided a first-voided, morning urine sample; had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; had weight, height, and blood pressure measured; and completed a self-administered questionnaire about past medical history and sociodemographic status.A significantly higher prevalence of microalbuminuria was found in individuals with new cases of diabetes mellitus (24.1%), in cases of diabetes mellitus previously diagnosed (20.6%), and in those with impaired glucose tolerance (16.1%) compared with nondiabetic individuals (4.0%). Moreover, in the general population, a piecewise linear relationship was detected between albuminuria and plasma glucose with significant changes of slope corresponding with 2 h plasma glucose concentrations (95% confidence interval) of 6.7 (6.4-7.0) and 9.2 (8.6-9.8) mM, respectively. After adjusting for sex, obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, cigarette smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption in a multivariate model, glycemia was the most significant determinant of urinary albumin concentrations in all three ethnic groups. However, blood glucose concentrations did not completely explain the higher relative risk (95% confidence interval) of microalbuminuria in Maori (5.97; 4.48-7.78) and Pacific Islander (5.33; 4.13-6.87) workers compared with European workers.Of the variables investigated, hyperglycemia was the most important factor explaining the high prevalence of microalbuminuria in Maori and Pacific Islander workers compared with the European workers. However, only 14.9% of the variation in urinary albumin concentrations was found in our multivariate model, and we have speculated on the contribution of other factors such as diet and coexisting renal diseases.
Plasma exchange for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in critically ill patients
Authors: P. Knöbl, C. Rintelen, G. Kornek, C. Wiltschke, P. Kalhs, I. Schwarzinger, S. Globits, T. Staudinger, K. Laczika, P. Kyrle, M. Frass
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1997)
Fortnightly review: Magic bullet for obesity
Authors: J. Hirsch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Who would not rejoice to find a magic bullet that we could fire into obese people to make them permanently slim and healthy? In the United States about a third of adults are obese—that is, have a body mass index (weight(kg)/height(m)2)) above 27.1 The diagnosis can be made with reasonable accuracy by anyone. Obese people appear “chunky” and usually have some abdominal protuberance with or without unsightly thighs. Tens of billions of dollars are spent on diets, pills, spas, or special foods and advice on behavioural change. Any scientific discovery that deals with food intake or obesity quickly becomes a “hot item” for the media. The best seller list usually contains a book giving recommendations for a new diet or mixture of diet and behaviour that assures successful weight control. Medical authorities, particularly public health officials, warn the public of the rising prevalence and hazards of obesity. A recent editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine documented the failures of current treatment and questioned the benefits of weight loss while reminding us of the strong correlation of obesity with disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.2 Since current treatment so often fails, only a magic bullet would allow us to perform an experiment to determine the full benefit of weight loss. Are we on the brink of finding a drug which will solve the problem? ### Summary points
A Patient with HIV-1 Superinfection
Authors: Stephanie Jost, Marie-Charlotte Bernard, Laurent Kaiser, Sabine Yerly, Bernard Hirschel, Assia Samri, Brigitte Autran, Li-Ean Goh, Luc Perrin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

An HIV-1–infected patient had a rebound in viremia when antiviral therapy was discontinued as part of a vaccine research protocol. Careful studies showed that this patient was infected initially with subtype AE of the virus but then became infected with subtype B. There was no evidence of dual infection, so the data indicate that this is a case of superinfection with a different strain of HIV-1. Natural infection does not necessarily produce cross-clade protection, a finding that may have implications for the development of a vaccine against HIV-1.
Impact of the Medicare Fee Schedule on an Academic Department of Medicine
Authors: David J. Shulkin, José J. Escarce, Cam Enarson, John M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To examine the effect of the Medicare Fee Schedule (MFS) on Medicare revenues in the department of medicine at an urban academic medical center after the MFS is fully implemented.Department revenues from Medicare were compared with projected revenues using the MFS proposed by the Health Care Financing Administration on June 5, 1991. National Medicare claims data were used to determine differences in service mix between community and academic internists and the impact of the geographic component of the MFS on department revenues.Department revenues from Medicare in 1996 are projected to be 25.5% lower under the MFS than if the current system had continued. Subspecialty sections that perform large numbers of procedures and special tests had the largest decrease in revenues (eg, gastroenterology, -29.8%); however, this did not differ greatly from decreases in sections that mainly provide visits and consultations (eg, general internal medicine, -24.7%).The proposed MFS is projected to lead to substantial reductions in department revenues from Medicare. While relative values for services and geographic location will play a role in how individual departments fare under the MFS, the value of the conversion factor used in the final MFS will be the factor of greatest importance.
High Court backs trust's refusal to make an exception to funding rules on social grounds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The High Court in Manchester has upheld an NHS trust’s refusal to consider social factors when a patient makes an application for exceptional funding for treatment not provided under the trust’s general policy.

Tom Condliff, who has diabetes and is morbidly obese with a body mass index of 43, applied for judicial review after he was refused laparascopic gastric bypass surgery by North Staffordshire Primary Care Trust. The trust has a policy of not funding bariatric surgery for anyone with a BMI under 50, but those who are less obese may apply and be funded …
High alkaline phosphatase levels in hemodialysis patients are associated with higher risk of hospitalization and death
Authors: Margaret J. Blayney, Ronald L. Pisoni, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Juergen Bommer, Luis Piera, Akira Saito, Takashi Akiba, Marcia L. Keen, Eric W. Young, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Methionine breath test to assess mitochondrial liver function after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: M.A. Zocco, G. Angelini, M. Candelli, B. Nardo, C. Di Campli, A. Armuzzi, M. Bernardi, A. Cavallari, G. Gasbarrini, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
A case report of a patient with features of systemic lupus erythematosus and linear IgA disease
Authors: M. LAU, I. KAUFAMANN-GraUNZIER, M. RAGHUNATH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A case is reported of 35‐year‐old woman with a 22‐year history of systemic lupus erythematosud (SLE) who later developed a blistering eruption campatible with the diagnosis of linear IgA disease.
The Epidemiology of Genital Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: C. C. LINNEMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The prevalence of genital colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, including strains that have been associated with toxic shock syndrome, was studied in 600 women. Nine percent of these women were colonized with S. aureus, 5% of whom had positive vaginal cultures, and 1% were colonized with toxin-producing strains. Black women were colonized with S. aureus, including toxin-producing strains, as frequently or more frequently than white women. The highest colonization rates occurred in postpartum women. Trends toward increasing colonization occurred in relation to decreasing age and socioeconomic status. There were no statistically significant relationships between genital colonization with S. aureus and the use of tampons, oral contraceptives, or a variety of other personal habits and health problems. Genital cultures taken in consecutive menstrual cycles indicated that 35% of women with S. aureus were persistent carriers, and the rest either intermittent or transient carriers. Toxin-producing S. aureus was also identified in family members of women carrying the same organism. This report defines the prevalence of genital colonization in a large population of women, characterizes the women with S. aureus, and describes epidemiologic features of genital carriage.
Single mechanism, divergent effects; multiple mechanisms, convergent effect
Authors: Bhavin R. Sheth, Daw-An Wu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract It is commonplace for a single physiological mechanism to seed multiple phenomena, and for multiple mechanisms to contribute to a single phenomenon. We propose that the flash-lag effect should not be considered a phenomenon with a single cause. Instead, its various aspects arise from the convergence of a number of different mechanisms proposed in the literature. We further give an example of how a neuron's generic spatio-temporal response profile can form a physiological basis not only of “prediction,” but also of many of the other proposed flash-lag mechanisms, thus recapitulating a spectrum of flash-lag phenomena. Finally, in agreeing that such basic predictive mechanisms are present throughout the brain, we argue that motor prediction contributes more to biological fitness than visual prediction.
Don't leave a mess. Call Triple S!
Authors: T. Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1996)

This extract is from “Uncle Eddie, Inc” in “The Undertaking—Life Studies from the Dismal Trade,” a collection of essays by Thomas Lynch which will be published by Jonathan Cape in April. Lynch, the author of two books of poems, most recently “Grimalkin and Other Poems,” operates a funeral home in Milford, Michigan.

Uncle Eddie needed an 800 number. His sideline in the suicide cleanup trade was going gangbusters. He needed a separate phone line, a logo, a slogan, and magnetic business cards. I was touched that he would come to me, his much older brother, for advice.

“Whadaya think about 1–800-SUICIDE? Too morbid? Too direct? Or 1–800-Triple S? You know. For Specialised Sanitation Services?”

In his heart of hearts he had hopes that Triple S—for Specialised Sanitation Services—would become as widely recognised as Triple A had for Automobile Association of America, or WWW had for the Worldwide Web, or Triple X had for a style of cinema that Uncle Eddie said excited his passion for First Amendment Rights. Though perhaps his services were a little too specialised—known only to local and state law enforcement agencies and county medical examiners and funeral homes and needed only by the families and landlords of the messy dead.

Indoor suicides, homicides, household accidents, or natural deaths undetected in a timely fashion—these were the exceptional cases that often required the Specialised Sanitation Services that Uncle Eddie and his staff at Triple S—his wife, his golfing buddy, and his golfing buddy's wife—stood ever ready to provide for reasonable fees, most often covered by homeowners' insurance.

“Maybe you should just play whatever numbers come up Ed.” I counselled. “Maybe ask for something that ends in zeros.”

At this Uncle Eddie's visage changed—adopting the distant and bedazzled gape of the ancient Mayan perplexed by the delicate mysteries of …
B2-04: Single agent versus combination therapy in advanced NSCLC patients with performance status 2: Results from a regression analysis of STELLAR 3 and 4
Authors: Rogerio Lilenbaum, Bruce Bandstra, Corey Langer, Kenneth O'Byrne, Mary O'Brien, Helen Ross, Mark Socinski, Fred Oldham, Jack Singer, Philip Bonomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Determining Educational Needs in the Physician's Office
Authors: Phil R. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Techniques to identify educational needs from real events in office practice are usually unwieldy, intrusive, and expensive. We are developing an approach based on review and analysis of individual physicians' prescriptions. This technique imposes little additional effort on the participating physician, yet effectively identifies problems in drug prescribing that can lead to specific educational remedies. Experience with 44 physicians using the system shows wide variation in prescribing practices as well as in the needs identified. The problems can be grouped into seven major categories: inappropriate indications; excessively frequent prescriptions for certain drugs; prescription of drugs with abuse potential; inadequate instructions; excessive dosage, especially in elderly patients; prescription of ineffective drugs; and potential drug interactions. The method offers promise as a component of an individualized guidance system linking continuing medical education with actual medical practice. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1112-1115, 1980)
Different pattern of risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma among children – report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study
Authors: E. Rönmark, B. Lundbäck, E. Jönsson, E Rönmark, B Lundbäck, T Platts‐mills
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: A cross‐sectional study was performed among 7–8‐year‐old schoolchildren during the winter of 1996 in three municipalities in the most northern province of Sweden, Norrbotten. The study was the starting point of a longitudinal study of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and type‐1 allergy, and provided data on prevalence and risk factors for these conditions. The aim of the present study was to validate the classification of asthma based on a parental questionnaire, and to examine risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma. Methods: The ISAAC questionnaire with additional questions was distributed by the schools to the parents. The response rate was 97%, and 3431 completed questionnaires were returned. The children in Kiruna and Luleå were also invited to be skin tested, and 2149 (88%) were tested with 10 common airborne allergens. A structured interview was administered by pediatricians in stratified samples of the children to test the validity of the diagnosis of asthma based on the questionnaire. Results: After the validation study, the prevalence of “ever asthma” was estimated to be 8.0%. The specificity of the question, “Has your child been diagnosed as having asthma by a physician?”, was high, &gt;99%, while the sensitivity was around 70%. The strongest risk factor for “ever asthma” was a positive skin test (OR 3.9). Risk factors for asthma in the asthmatics who were not sensitized were family history of asthma, OR 3.6; breast‐feeding less than 3 months, OR 1.8; past or present dampness at home, OR 1.8; smoking mother, OR 1.7; and male sex, OR 1.6. Among the sensitized asthmatics, only a family history of asthma was a significant risk factor (OR 3.0), while breast‐feeding less than 3 months was not associated with an increased risk (OR 1.0). A synergistic effect between genetic and environmental factors was found especially in the nonatopic asthmatics; the children with a family history of asthma who had a smoking mother and past or present dampness at home had an OR for “ever asthma” of 13. Conclusions: Different risk‐factor patterns were found for asthma and type‐1 allergy. In addition, the risk factors for atopic or allergic asthma diverged from those for nonatopic asthma.
A Case of Lipoatrophy With Insulin Glargine
Authors: F. Javier Ampudia-Blasco, Juan Girbes, Rafael Carmena
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Lipoatrophy as a cutaneous complication of insulin therapy became extremely rare since the introduction of recombinant human insulin. Recently, some cases of lipoatrophy were reported in association with the use of rapid-acting insulin analogs, like lispro insulin, in combination with pump therapy (1,2). If long-acting insulin analogs are exempt from this, the complications are not known.

We report the case of a 39-year-old type 1 diabetic Caucasian woman (weight 50 kg, BMI 21.4 kg/m2) with diabetes duration of 8 years. She began intensified insulin therapy with two premixed insulin injections before breakfast and dinner and regular insulin before lunch …
Medical Care for the American People
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

MR. OSCAR R. EWING, Federal Security Administrator, in his report to the President1 urges compulsory Government health insurance as an essential part of a long-range program to improve the health of the nation. He points out that the 5,000,000 men rejected by the draft as unfit for the armed forces, the 4,300,000 man years of work lost through bad health and the national loss of $27,000,000 in national wealth through sickness and partial and total disability are evidences of the bad state of the national health, and that at least 70,000,000 people in this country will have difficulty in providing . . .
Early G2/M checkpoint failure as a molecular mechanism underlying etoposide-induced chromosomal aberrations
Authors: S. Nakada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitors are cell cycle-specific DNA-damaging agents and often correlate with secondary leukemia with chromosomal translocations involving the mixed-lineage leukemia/myeloid lymphoid leukemia (MLL) gene on chromosome 11 band q23 (11q23). In spite of the clinical importance, the molecular mechanism for this chromosomal translocation has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we employed 2-color FISH and detected intracellular chromosomal translocations induced by etoposide treatment. Cells such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-deficient fibroblasts and U2OS cells, in which the early G2/M checkpoint after treatment with low concentrations of etoposide has been lost, executed mitosis with etoposide-induced DNA double-strand breaks, and 2-color FISH signals located on either side of the MLL gene were segregated in the postmitotic G1 phase. Long-term culture of cells that had executed mitosis under etoposide treatment showed frequent structural abnormalities of chromosome 11. These findings provide convincing evidence for Topo II inhibitor-induced 11q23 translocation. Our study also suggests an important role of the early G2/M checkpoint in preventing fixation of chromosomal abnormalities and reveals environmental and genetic risk factors for the development of chromosome 11 translocations, namely, low concentrations of Topo II inhibitors and dysfunctional early G2/M checkpoint control.
Connexin expression in cultured neonatal rat myocytes reflects the pattern of the intact ventricle
Authors: Brenda R. Kwak, Marjan J.A. van Kempen, Magali Théveniau-Ruissy, Daniel B. Gros, Habo J. Jongsma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Primary cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes have become a widely used model to examine a variety of functional, physiological and biochemical cardiac properties. In the adult rat, connexin43 (Cx43) is the major gap junction protein present in the working myocardium. In situ hybridization studies on developing rats, however, showed that Cx40 mRNA displays a dynamic and heterogeneous pattern of expression in the ventricular myocardium around birth. The present studies were performed to examine the expression pattern of the Cx40 protein in neonatal rat heart, and to examine the connexins present in cultures of ventricular myocytes obtained from those hearts. Methods: Cryosections were made of hearts of 1-day-old Wistar rats. Cultures of ventricular myocytes obtained from these hearts by enzymatic dissociation were seeded at various densities (to obtain >75, ∼50%, and <25% confluency) and cultured for 24, 48 or 96 h. Cx40 and Cx43 were detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Results: Immunohistochemical stainings confirmed that gap junctions in the atrium and His—Purkinje system were composed of at least Cx43 and Cx40. From the subendocardium towards the subepicardium Cx40 expression gradually decreased, resulting in the sole expression of Cx43 in the subepicardial part of the ventricular wall. In ventricular myocytes cultured at high density (>75% confluency) Cx43 and Cx40 immunoreactivity could be detected. In contrast to Cx43 immunolabeling which showed a homogeneous distribution pattern, Cx40 staining was heterogeneous, i.e. in some clusters of cells abundant labeling was present whereas in others no Cx40 staining could be detected. The pattern of Cx43 immunoreactivity was not altered by the culture density. In contrast, in isolated ventricular myocytes cultured at low density (<25% confluency) the relative number of cell—cell interfaces that were Cx40-immunopositive decreased as compared to high density cultures (35 vs. 70%). Western blots did not reveal significant differences in the level of Cx40 and Cx43 expression at different culture densities. Conclusions: These results show that cultured ventricular myocytes retained typical features of the native neonatal rat ventricular myocardium with regard to their composition of gap junctions. This implicates that these cultures may serve as a good model for studying short-term and long-term regulation of cardiac gap junction channel expression and function.