tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Forum Offers Hints of Future Therapy, Prevention Programs for Combating Cardiovascular Problems
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE LATEST cardiovascular research reports may foreshadow tomorrow's therapy and preventive strategy. For example, research involving use of ventricular-assist devices—instead of the heart-lung machine—during coronary artery bypass surgery is being reported by surgeons from the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston. At the American Heart Association's 19th Science Writers Forum in Galveston, Tex (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:335-336), Michael Sweeney, MD, said that this approach seems promising, especially now when older and/or much sicker patients are among those receiving the 368000 (1989 total) or more coronary artery bypass operations performed annually in this country. Sweeney, who is an associate professor of surgery at the university and director of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at its Hermann Hospital, points out that—with this approach—"the patient's own lungs continue to oxygenate the blood and the ventricular-assist device partially supports cardiac function while the bypasses are completed." The heart continues to beat, but flaccidly (especially when the
Increased frequency of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characterizes a population of patients with severe asthma
Authors: Chaoyu Irvin, Iram Zafar, James Good, Donald Rollins, Christina Christianson, Magdalena M. Gorska, Richard J. Martin, Rafeul Alam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Trends in Alcohol Consumption by Pregnant Women
Authors: Mary Serdula
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To examine trends in alcohol consumption among pregnant women, we examined data collected from 21 states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 4 consecutive years: 1985 through 1988. Overall, 429 (25%) of 1712 pregnant women and 19,903 (55%) of 36,057 nonpregnant women 18 to 45 years of age reported using alcohol in the previous month. Pregnant women who used any alcohol reported consuming a median of four drinks per month, whereas nonpregnant women who used any alcohol reported nine. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women declined steadily, from 32% in 1985 to 20% in 1988, but the median number of drinks per month for pregnant women who drank did not change. No decline was observed among the less educated or those under the age of 25 years. In 1988, the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women remained highest among smokers (37%) and the unmarried (28%). Although the overall consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in the United States appears to be declining, special efforts are needed to reduce alcohol use among pregnant women who are smokers, unmarried, less educated, or younger, women who may already be at high risk of a poor pregnancy outcome.
A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human-based collagen implant in the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles
Authors: Rhoda S. Narins, Leslie Baumann, Fredric S. Brandt, Steven Fagien, Scott Glazer, Nicholas J. Lowe, Gary D. Monheit, Marta I. Rendon, Rod J. Rohrich, Wm. Philip Werschler
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Overestimation and underestimation of hepatitis C virus RNA levels in a widely used real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method
Authors: Stéphane Chevaliez, Magali Bouvier-Alias, Rozenn Brillet, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is essential for the everyday management of chronic hepatitis C therapy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are potentially more sensitive than classical PCR techniques, are not prone to carryover contamination, and have a consistently wider dynamic range of quantification. Thus, they are rapidly replacing other technologies for the routine quantification of HCV RNA. We extensively evaluated the intrinsic characteristics and clinical performance of Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan (CAP/CTM), the most widely used real-time PCR assay for HCV RNA quantification. This study shows that CAP/CTM is sensitive, specific, precise, and reproducible and has a broad dynamic range of quantification well suited to HCV RNA monitoring in clinical practice. However, we identified 2 technical issues that will have an impact in clinical practice. First, the CAP/CTM assay overestimates HCV RNA levels in undiluted patient samples by approximately 0.6 log(10) international units per milliliter on average, and this overestimation increases with the viral load. Second, the CAP/CTM assay substantially underestimates HCV RNA levels in approximately 15% of genotype 2 samples and 30% of genotype 4 samples, probably because of mismatches with the target sequences due to the primer and/or probe design.As the CAP/CTM platform is widely available, easy to use, and suited to high-throughput screening for viral genomes, the manufacturer should improve the HCV RNA kit to resolve these 2 important technical issues that may affect everyday management of hepatitis C therapy.
Patients’ Rights Affirmed
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) have issued new regulations on the use of restraints and seclusion for patients in facilities participating in Medicare and Medicaid programs (http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/pdf/06-9559.pdf).
Results of Strontium-89 Therapy in Patients With Prostate Cancer Resistant to Chemotherapy
Authors: Dishan H. Gunawardana, Meir Lichtenstein, Nathan Better, Mark Rosenthal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Purpose: Strontium-89 (Sr-89) chloride is an effective palliative treatment of the bone metastases of prostate cancer. Chemotherapy has also been shown to have a palliative benefit in this disease. We aimed to determine the benefits and complications of Sr-89 therapy in patients with prostate cancer who had become refractory to chemotherapy. We conducted a retrospective review of 14 treatments administered to 13 patients with chemotherapy-resistant and hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Results: Of the 14 administered treatments, 8 (57%) resulted in improved pain control, with 2 patients able to stop analgesia. The median duration of response was 56 days. No prostate-specific antigen response was seen in the 8 patients tested. There was significant and prolonged bone marrow toxicity, with 6 patients requiring red blood cell transfusion. Prolonged thrombocytopenia was seen, with platelet counts remaining below baseline levels after treatment in all but one patient. Leukopenia was generally mild and not associated with infection. Conclusions: Sr-89 is an effective treatment of patients with chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer, but careful and prolonged monitoring of hematologic parameters after therapy is required.
Research and medical education. Report of ninth teaching institute, Association of American Medical Colleges, Colorado Springs, Colorado, December 3-7, 1961.
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In recent years the Association of American Medical Colleges has conducted meetings to explore various aspects of medical education. The present volume, which continues the pattern of its predecessors, studies the problems engendered by the current emphasis on research. The tremendous amounts of money now available for research have necessarily altered our values in a manner which affects virtually every aspect of education. Present-day medical education represents a complex ecology involving teachers and researchers, salaries and budgets, "soft" and "hard" money, foundations and bureaucrats, hoards of trustees and administrative officers, taxpayers, practitioners, sick patients and hospital personnel, and, let us not forget, medical students. There are even some dull overtones which hint at political specters and hobgoblins. Current stress on research has affected many different ecological components. The present volume, which deals with a few of these aspects, has a logical arrangement. Successive chapters in the book analyze the ways
Physicalism plus intentionalism equals error theory
Authors: Daniel Stoljar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Byrne &amp; Hilbert (B&amp;H) combine physicalism about color with intentionalism about color experience. I argue that this combination leads to an “error theory” about color experience, that is, the doctrine that color experience is systematically illusory. But this conflicts with another aspect of B&amp;H's position, namely, the denial of error theory.
Pancreatic Atrophy Apparently Secondary to Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: D. R. Shanklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE recent publication by Cornish et al.1 of a clinical and experimental study relating chlorothiazide to abnormal pancreatic secretion and inflammatory and necrotizing changes in the mouse pancreas provides a highly probable solution to a recent case of severe pancreatic atrophy and chronic pancreatitis found at autopsy in this hospital in a nine-and-a-half-year-old boy. Stowens2 has stated that acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis has not been described in children, and MacGregor3 does not mention the subject in her textbook. The finding of an advanced atrophy of the pancreas and an associated chronic pancreatitis in this age group is of interest, per se. . . .
Interleukin-8 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression Correlates with Tumor Progression, Tumor Angiogenesis, Patient Survival, and Timing of Relapse in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: ANG YUAN, PAN-CHYR YANG, CHONG-JEN YU, WEN-JONE CHEN, FANG-YUE LIN, SOW-HSONG KUO, KWEN-TAY LUH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Tumor-associated angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 was recently reported to be an important angiogenic factor both in vitro and in vivo. In this study we evaluated, for the first time, IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and correlated IL-8 mRNA expression in tumor and nontumor lung samples from 58 patients with NSCLC (29 with squamous cell carcinoma and 29 with adenocarcinoma, of whom 20 had Stage I, 10 had Stage II, and 28 had Stage III disease) with these patients' clinicopathologic characteristics, angiogenesis, and outcome. IL-8 protein expression and tumor microvessel count (MC) were assessed immunohistochemically. IL-8 mRNA expression was significantly greater in tumor tissue; high expression was highly associated with tumor in advanced stages (p = 0.03), distant lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), high tumor MC ( > 123) (p = 0.00003), short survival ( < 26 mo) (p < 0.00001), and early relapse ( < 16 mo) (p < 0.00001). Tumor MC correlated strongly with IL-8 mRNA expression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed IL-8 mRNA expression and intratumor MC to be the most important predictors of patient survival and relapse. Thus, in NSCLC, IL-8 mRNA expression is strongly associated with tumor progression, tumor angiogenesis, survival, and time to relapse, suggesting its use as a prognostic indicator.
Cellular Processes of Learning and Memory in the Mammalian CNS
Authors: R F Thompson, T W Berger, J Madden
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1983)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
APPENDICITIS; WITH ORIGINAL REPORT AND ANALYSIS OF ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-ONE HISTORIES AND LAPAROTOMIES FOR THAT DISEASE UNDER PERSONAL OBSERVATION.Read before the Pan-American Medical Congress.
Authors: J. B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

(<i>Continued from page S08</i>). <i>Case 21</i>.—Date of operation July 24, 1890. Operator, Dr. E.W.Lee. N. C., aged 34 years; female. Present sickness commenced July 16; complained of chills, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain, latter more pronounced in ileo-cecal region. July 18, pulse 120, temperature 103 degrees. Slight tenderness in ileo-cecal region. July 21, pulse 124, temperture 102.5 degrees. Great pain over whole abdomen. Tenderness over ileo-cecal region marked and induration present. Operation: Appendicisectomy. Appendix large,swollen, and tortuous; no perforation. Appendix contained enterolith in which was imbedded a small spicula of bone. There were no adhesions around the appendix. Peritoneal cavity opened. No abscess. Pus in the appendix around the enterolith. Gauze drainage. Temperature fell to normal immediately after operation; recovery. <i>Case 22</i>.—Date of operation Aug. 2, 1890. Operator, Dr. Lee. H. McQ., aged 10 years; female. Present illness of patient began July 27 with pain in ileo-cecal region and diarrhea.
TLR agonists promote ERK-mediated preferential IL-10 production of regulatory dendritic cells (diffDCs), leading to NK-cell activation
Authors: Cheng Qian, Xiaodong Jiang, Huazhang An, Yizhi Yu, Zhenhong Guo, Shuxun Liu, Hongmei Xu, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Blood (2006)
Drug Eruption after Sodium Pentothal
Authors: G. M. Wyant
Journal: BMJ (1946)

Background/Aim: Myofibroblastoma of the breast is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor whose morphology is similar to that of spindle-cell lipoma. The few hitherto genetically investigated mammary myofibroblastomas have been shown to have had loss of material from chromosome 13, changes that are also common in spindle-cell lipoma. Our aim was to add to the existing knowledge of genetic aberrations in mammary myofibroblastoma by investigating another such tumor. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic and array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) analyses were performed on a surgically removed mammary myofibroblastoma from a 76-year-old man. Results: Short-term cultured cells from the tumor showed the karyotype 45,XY,-13[3]/44~45,idem,add(19)(q13)[cp2]. aCGH detected loss of one entire chromosome 13 and heterozygous loss from 19q between sub-band 19q13.12 and 19qter. Conclusion: These findings add to the evidence that loss of 13q material is typical of mammary myofibroblastomas.
Polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin at arterial oxygen saturation impairs erythrocyte deformability.
Authors: M A Green, C T Noguchi, A J Keidan, S S Marwah, J Stuart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have examined the filterability of sickle erythrocytes, using an initial-flow-rate method, to determine whether sufficient hemoglobin S polymer forms at arterial oxygen saturation to adversely affect erythrocyte deformability. The amount of intracellular polymer was calculated as a function of oxygen saturation to estimate the polymerization tendency for each of eight patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Progressive reduction of oxygen tension within the arterial range caused a sudden loss of filterability of SCA erythrocytes through 5-micron-diam pores at a critical PO2 between 110 and 190 mmHg. This loss of filterability occurred at a higher PO2 than did morphological sickling, and the critical PO2 correlated significantly (r = 0.844-0.881, P less than 0.01) with the polymerization tendency for each patient. Study of density-gradient fractionated cells from four SCA patients indicated that the critical PO2 of dense cells was reached when only a small amount of polymer had formed, indicating the influence of this subpopulation on the results obtained for unfractionated cells. Impairment of erythrocyte filterability at high oxygen saturation (greater than 90%) suggests that small changes in oxygen saturation within the arterial circulation cause rheological impairment of sickle cells.
HYPOFUNCTION AND HYPERFUNCTION OF THE DUCTLESS GLANDS
Authors: A. J. CARLSON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

It is difficult, if not impossible, to present the subject of endocrine dysfunction in a brief article, without appearing to be both ignorant and dogmatic; ignorant of many alleged facts, because time does not permit giving the reasons for their rejection, and dogmatic because practically every statement made in regard to the ductless glands today requires qualification, which is, for the most part, ruled out by the time limit. Furthermore, I take part in this discussion with the diffidence of a man whose personal experience is limited largely to the experimental side of the subject. However, I have a fair acquaintance with the entire endocrine literature, in both the field of science and the field of fiction, and I take for granted that we all subscribe to the principle that the rules of evidence or criteria for facts are the same in the experimental and in the clinical fields.  HYPOFUNCTION
Predictive Power of Increased QT Dispersion in Ventricular Extrasystoles and in Sinus Beats for Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andrzej Dąbrowski, Elżbieta Kramarz, Ryszard Piotrowicz, Leszek Kubik
Journal: Circulation (2000)

QT dispersion, commonly measured in sinus beats (QTd-S), can also be calculated in premature ventricular beats (QTd-V). To date, no studies have addressed the relation between these 2 variables.In 148 patients with remote myocardial infarction and premature ventricular beats on a routine ECG, QT dispersion, defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum QT interval across the 12-lead ECG, was calculated separately for the ventricular extrasystole and the preceding sinus beat. In the total group of patients, QTd-V was greater than QTd-S (83+/-33 versus 74+/-34 ms, respectively; P=0.001). During a follow-up period of 35+/-17 months, arrhythmic events (sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden death) were noted in 30 patients. A QTd-V of >/=100 ms was a stronger univariate marker of arrhythmic events than was a QTd-S of >/=100 ms, and multivariate analysis selected only prolonged QTd-V (hazard ratio 3.81, 95% CI 2.2 to 11.2) and low ejection fraction (hazard ratio 3.05, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.6) as independent predictors of arrhythmic events.The magnitude of QTd-V was greater than that of QTd-S in the total group of patients. Prolonged QTd-V is associated with a significantly increased risk for arrhythmic events in postinfarction patients, and the prognostic significance of QTd-V exceeds that of QTd-S.
CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME: PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND GENETIC COUNSELLING BY ESTIMATION OF AMNIOTIC-FLUID AND MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN
Authors: M. Seppálä, J. Rapola, N.-P. Huttunen, P. Aula, O. Karjalainen, E. Ruoslahti
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Testicular effects of phthalate esters.
Authors: S D Gangolli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The testicular effects produced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the rat, characterized by a decrease in the relative organ weight and histological changes in the seminiferous tubules, can also be produced by di-n-butyl, di-n-pentyl and di-n-hexyl phthalates. The corresponding monoesters of these compounds, formed in vivo as a result of the action of nonspecific esterases in the intestinal mucosa and other tissues, were equally effective in inducing testicular damage. Phthalate-induced testicular injury was accompanied by a decrease in the zinc content in the gonads and in increased urinary excretion of this element. Exposure of preparations of rat seminiferous tubule cells in culture to monophthalates capable of producing testicular injury resulted in a dose-related detachment of germinal cells from Sertoli cells in a manner similar to the effect seen in the intact animal. This in vitro system may find application in the elucidation of the toxic mechanisms involved in phthalate-induced testicular injury and in screening compounds likely to act in a manner similar to phthalates.
Detecting cheating in written medical examinations
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health inequalities under New Labour Relative rather than absolute gaps are important over time and placeEditor-We agree with Shaw et al that the method of measuring inequality in health outcomes used in setting the government targets is problematic (A Low, UKPHA (UK Public Health Association), 13th annual public health forum, Gateshead, April 2005). 1 However, the government's targets are based on reducing relative gaps in life expectancy and infant mortality. 2 The slope index of inequality (SII) used by Shaw et al measures absolute gaps.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Warfarin Use and the Risk for Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Dialysis”
Authors: Mitesh Shah, Meytal Avgil Tsadok, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Vidal Essebag, Mark J. Eisenberg, Elham Rahme, Karin H. Humphries, Jack V. Tu, Hassan Behlouli, Helen Guo, Louise Pilote
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Localization of Deep Pain
Authors: J. B. Harman
Journal: BMJ (1948)

niece Agnes a certain tendency to laesa majestas-it was only by the gentlest of posthumous rebukes that she and the world were to discover it.Her sister Margaret, he said, was to have the better of the two beds that he had bequeathed them."Linacre was buried in old St. Paul's before the rood screen of the west door, a spot chosen by himself.His grave was marked by no memorial for more than 30 years, wNhen John Caius, during his presidency of the College, erected a monument to his memory at his own cost.This perished when the cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666.Caius and Gilbert John Caius, whose presidency extended with intervals from 1555 to 1571, set out for Italy in 1539 and studied physics at Padua under Montanus, the greatest medical teacher of the time.Caius lodged in the same house as Vesalius, the celebrated anatomist, who possibly may have fired Caius's enthusiasm in this direction, for in 1564 Caius introduced anatomies, as they were called-that is, demon- strations of dissections-into Cambridge.Those demon- strations were not the first to be held in England, as they had been introduced 20 years earlier at the Barber-Surgeons' Hall in London, where Caius had lectured on anatomy.He is usually regarded as the founder of the study of anatomy in this country.He is said to have modelled his life upon the example of Linacre, and, like him, devoted much time to the collation and translation of Greek medical writers, but, unlike Linacre, he recorded the results of his own observations.These appeared in 1552 under the title of " A Boke of Counseil against the Disease commonly called the Sweate or Sweating Sickness."This is said to be the first instance of a medical book being published in English, but he afterwards republished it in Latin.It was Caius who designed the insignia by which the President of the College should be fittingly honoured-the cushion of crimson velvet, edged with gold, placed before the President on all solemn meetings, and the caduceus, its head adorned with the arms of the College supported oy four serpents, which the President carries to remind him by its material-silver-as Caius quaintly says, to govern with patience and courtesy, and by its symbols, the serpents, with judgment and wisdom.Caius is said to have foretold the very day of his own death, and to have chosen his own epitaph, Fui Caius, still to be seen in the Chapel of Caius College.