tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review The Irritable Heart of Soldiers and the Origins of Anglo-American Cardiology: The U.S. Civil War (1861) to World War I (1918) (The History of Medicine in Context.) By Charles F. Wooley. 321 pp. Aldershot, Hampshire, England, Ashgate, 2002. $99.95. 0-7546-0595-7
Authors: David Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
The PGE2-Stat3 interaction in doxorubicin-induced myocardial apoptosis
Authors: M. A. Frias, S. Somers, C. Gerber-Wicht, L. H. Opie, S. Lecour, U. Lang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) are involved in adaptive growth and survival of cardiomyocytes. In ventricular cardiomyocytes, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a major COX-2 product, leads to adaptive growth via Stat3 activation, but whether this transcription factor acts as a signalling molecule in PGE(2)-induced cell survival is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether PGE(2) counteracts cardiac apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DOX), and if so, whether Stat3 plays a critical role in this cardioprotective effect.Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were incubated with DOX (0.5 microM) and/or PGE(2) (1 microM). Apoptosis was assessed by determining caspase3 activation and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The role of Stat3 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by transfecting cardiomyocytes with siRNA targeting rat Stat3 and by using cardiomyocyte-restricted Stat3 knockout (Stat3 KO) mice, respectively. Incubation of ventricular cardiomyocytes with PGE(2) led to a time-dependent decrease in the DOX-induced caspase3 activation, reaching a maximal inhibition of 70 +/- 5% after 4 h. Similarly, PGE(2) inhibited DOX-induced DNA fragmentation by 58 +/- 5% after 24 h. This antiapoptotic action of PGE(2) was strongly reduced by the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, whereas the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580, had no effect. Depleting Stat3 expression by 50-60% in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes markedly reduced the protective effect of PGE(2) on DOX-induced caspase3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Likewise, the stable PGE(2) analogue, 16,16-dimethyl-PGE(2), was unable to counteract cardiac apoptosis induced by DOX in Stat3 KO mice.Our results demonstrate that PGE(2) prevents myocardial apoptosis induced by DOX. This protection requires the activation of the prosurvival pathways of Stat3 and ERK1/2.
Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy in Amyloidosis
Authors: Edward Liske
Journal: JAMA (1963)

RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE contains many reports of cases of amyloidosis with a great variety of symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy have been mentioned in some articles,<sup>1-4</sup>while others have stressed the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. The most commonly occurring autonomic symptoms are alternating diarrhea and constipation, as well as sexual impotence. Emphasis has been placed on the value of determining whether amyloidosis is of the secondary type (the type usually seen in association with chronic suppurative disease) or the primary type (a disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid in various tissues of the body with no known precipitating cause). In some instances it is difficult to determine whether two distinct diseases are present or whether both represent a spectrum of the same illness. It has also been noted that familial and nonfamilial forms of amyloidosis frequently run an identical course and show virtually the same findings when
Clinical Utility of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression for Selecting Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer for Treatment with Erlotinib
Authors: Gary M. Clark, Denni M. Zborowski, Jennifer L. Culbertson, Marlo Whitehead, Michelle Savoie, Lesley Seymour, Frances A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Can the Interim Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography Standardized Uptake Value Be Used to Determine the Need for Residual Mass Biopsy After Dose-Dense Immunochemotherapy for Advanced Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?
Authors: Malik E. Juweid, Brian Smith, Emmanuel Itti, Michel Meignan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Ramaiah Sampangi Ramaiah
Authors: J. N. Rao
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ramaiah Sampangi Ramaiah (“Sam”) accomplished his life’s journey from Yelethotadapalya, near Bangalore, India, where he was born, to Sutton Coldfield in the English Midlands with elegant ease, making the transition across continents and cultures in sumptuous style, acquiring new tastes and revelling in the culture and customs of his adopted homeland while retaining an ardent almost passionate affection for all things Indian.

After junior doctor posts in Wales, he took up a career in public health medicine, where his easy manner with colleagues and a natural talent for leadership allowed him to flourish. He rose to become district medical officer in South Tees and then in 1993 was appointed Walsall’s first director of public health. He held this post with great distinction, establishing a unique style of leadership, making literally hundreds of friends in the health and local authorities and beyond, becoming in the process the most recognisable public face in local circles till his unexpected and untimely death.

Over the 17 years he served as Walsall’s director of …
TCTAP A-027 Comparison of On-treatment Platelet Reactivity After One-month Use of Clopidogrel, Prasugrel or Ticagrelor in Koreans with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Gyun Ahn, Jun-Won Lee, Young Jin Youn, Min-Soo Ahn, Jang-Young Kim, Byung-Su Yoo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Bilateral cataract extraction can be safely done within 48 hours
Authors: A. Booth, A. Coombes, C. Rostron
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Gray et al highlighted the benefit of bilateral cataract surgery, particularly if the second eye is operated on within six weeks of the first.1

We agree with their view that surgery should be directed at those with most need. Nevertheless, Gray et al also recognise that an increase in the availability of cataract surgery would help to satisfy increased demand. A step towards achieving this and accomplishing surgery in both eyes …
AMG145, a Monoclonal Antibody Against Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9, Significantly Reduces Lipoprotein(a) in Hypercholesterolemic Patients Receiving Statin Therapy
Authors: Nihar R. Desai, Payal Kohli, Robert P. Giugliano, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Ransi Somaratne, Jing Zhou, Elaine B. Hoffman, Fannie Huang, William J. Rogers, Scott M. Wasserman, Robert Scott, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Currently, there are few available therapies to lower Lp(a). We sought to evaluate the impact of AMG145, a monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), on Lp(a). Methods and Results— As part of the LDL-C Assessment With PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition Combined With Statin Therapy (LAPLACE)–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 57 trial, 631 patients with hypercholesterolemia receiving statin therapy were randomized to receive AMG145 at 1 of 3 different doses every 2 weeks or 1 of 3 different doses every 4 weeks versus placebo. Lp(a) and other lipid parameters were measured at baseline and at week 12. Compared with placebo, AMG145 70 mg, 105 mg, and 140 mg every 2 weeks reduced Lp(a) at 12 weeks by 18%, 32%, and 32%, respectively ( P &lt;0.001 for each dose versus placebo). Likewise, AMG145 280 mg, 350 mg, and 420 mg every 4 weeks reduced Lp(a) by 18%, 23%, and 23%, respectively ( P &lt;0.001 for each dose versus placebo). The reduction in Lp(a) correlated with the reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ρ=0.33, P &lt;0.001). The effect of AMG145 on Lp(a) was consistent regardless of age, sex, race, history of diabetes mellitus, and background statin regimen. Patients with higher levels of Lp(a) at baseline had larger absolute reductions but comparatively smaller percent reductions in Lp(a) with AMG145 compared with those with lower baseline Lp(a) values. Conclusions— AMG145 significantly reduces Lp(a), by up to 32%, among subjects with hypercholesterolemia receiving statin therapy, offering an additional, complementary benefit beyond robust low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction with regard to a patient’s atherogenic lipid profile. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01380730.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on left ventricular mass and global function
Authors: D. Dursunoglu, N. Dursunoglu, H. Evrengül, S. Özkurt, Ö. Kuru, M. Kiliç, F. Fisekci
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) might be a cause of heart failure. The present study aimed to assess left ventricular mass and myocardial performance index (MPI) in OSAS patients. A total of 67 subjects without any cardiac or pulmonary disease, referred for evaluation of OSAS, had overnight polysomnography and echocardiography. According to apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), subjects were classified into three groups: mild OSAS (AHI: 5–14; n = 16), moderate OSAS (AHI: 15-29; n = 18), and severe OSAS (AHI: ≥30; n = 33). Thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (LVPW) were measured by M-mode, along with left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVM index (LVMI). Left ventricular MPI was calculated as (isovolumic contraction time+isovolumic relaxation time)/aortic ejection time by Döppler echocardiography. There were no differences in age or body mass index among the groups, but blood pressures were higher in severe OSAS compared with moderate and mild OSAS. In severe OSAS, thickness of IVS (11.2±1.1 mm), LVPW (11.4±0.9 mm), LVM (298.8±83.1 g) and LVMI (144.7±39.8 g·m −2 ) were higher than in moderate OSAS (10.9±1.3 mm; 10.8±0.9 mm; 287.3±74.6 g; 126.5±41.2 g·m −2 , respectively) and mild OSAS (9.9±0.9 mm; 9.8±0.8 mm; 225.6±84.3 g; 100.5±42.3 g·m −2 , respectively). In severe OSAS, MPI (0.64±0.14) was significantly higher than in mild OSAS (0.50±0.09), but not significantly higher than moderate OSAS (0.60±0.10). In conclusion, severe and moderate obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients had higher left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index, and also left ventricular global dysfunction.
PD4-2-4: Outcome of patients with WHO performance status 2 in a randomized trial comparing vinorelbine/carboplatin with gemcitabine/carboplatin in advanced NSCLC
Authors: Nina Helbekkmo, Ulf Aaseboe, Stein H. Sundstrom, Christian v. Plessen, Paal F. Brunsvig, Roy M. Bremnes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
POINTS OF DISSIMILARITY BETWEEN US AND HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS.An Address read before the Lancaster City and County Medical Society, July 5, 1893.
Authors: J. L. ZIEGLER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Mr. President and Gentlemen</i>:—TheJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONfor May 27,1893, publishes the annual address of the President of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, read May 24, 1893, by Jno. B. Roberts, A.M., M.D., entitled "Points of Similarity Between Us and Homeopathic Physicians." Dr. Roberts believes "that the tests of qualification for membership (in the Philadelphia County Medical Society) should not be the college from which the applicant received his diploma, but an education enabling him to understand and appreciate the science of medicine, and an honest purpose to treat his patients by all means and methods which experience, investigation and research show to be serviceable." Admitting the proposition to be true, then one who graduates from the Hahnemann Medical College, and desires to become a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, would have to repudiate his college and the doctrines it inculcates, or practice a gross
Positron Emission Tomography Is Superior to Computed Tomography Scanning for Response-Assessment After Radical Radiotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Michael P. Mac Manus, Rodney J. Hicks, Jane P. Matthews, Allan McKenzie, Danny Rischin, Eeva K. Salminen, David L. Ball
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To prospectively study the capacity of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) to determine response soon after radical radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and, thereby, predict survival. PET is known to provide a more accurate estimate of true extent of disease than CT when used to stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Seventy-three patients with NSCLC underwent [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET and CT scans before and after radical radiotherapy (n = 10) or chemoradiotherapy (n = 63). Follow-up PET scans were performed at a median of 70 days after radiotherapy. The median PET-CT interval was 1 day. Each patient had determinations of response to therapy made with PET and CT, categorized as complete response, partial response, no response, progressive disease, or nonassessable. Responses were correlated with subsequent survival. Results: Median survival after follow-up PET was 24 months. There was poor agreement between PET and CT responses (weighted kappa = 0.35), which were identical in only 40% of patients. There were significantly more complete responders on PET (n = 34) than CT (n = 10), whereas fewer patients were judged to be nonresponders (12 patients on PET v 20 on CT) or nonassessable (zero patients on PET v six on CT) by PET. Both CT and PET responses were individually significantly associated with survival duration; but on multifactor analysis that included the known prognostic factors of CT response, performance status, weight loss, and stage, only PET response was significantly associated with survival duration (P &lt; .0001). Conclusion: In NSCLC, a single, early, posttreatment PET scan is a better predictor of survival than CT response, stage, or pretreatment performance status.
Domestic Violence and Perinatal Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Louise M. Howard, Sian Oram, Helen Galley, Kylee Trevillion, Gene Feder
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Louise Howard and colleagues conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and odds of experience of domestic violence experience among women with antenatal and postnatal mental health disorders. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Effect of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction on Left Ventricular Compliance in Man
Authors: GEORGE DIAMOND, JAMES S. FORRESTER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) compliance by use of the pressure-volume (P-V) relationship encounters several serious difficulties. Since the P-V relationship is curvilinear, it is difficult to quantitate. Furthermore, alterations of resting heart size and geometry also produce marked changes in the P-V curve. The first derivative of the P-V relationship, however, is a precisely linear function expressed by the formula dP/dV = aP+b. The slope of this linear function, a, termed the passive elastic modulus, has been shown to be independent of initial volume and primarily and predominantly determined by changes in the stiffness of the myocardium. Myocardial wall stiffness was evaluated in three groups of subjects during LV catheterization. In 13 normal subjects a = 0.005; in 13 with coronary artery disease a = 0.011; and in 12 with acute infarction a = 0.045. The differences in stiffness among the groups were highly significant ( P &lt; 0.005). It was concluded that a measurable change in ventricular compliance occurs with the development of coronary artery disease and that a further increase in wall stiffness occurs with the development of acute infarction. The magnitude of increase in LV wall stiffness correlated directly with immediate prognosis: 87% of those subjects with a ΔP/ΔV greater than 0.5 mm Hg/cc died of power failure during the acute stage of their illness. These alterations in compliance may invalidate certain traditional concepts of LV function and heart failure.
Effective allergen avoidance at high altitude reduces allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Authors: D G Peroni, A L Boner, G Vallone, I Antolini, J O Warner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We studied the effects of reduced allergen exposure on bronchial hypereactivity (BHR) in two groups of asthmatic children allergic to house dust mites (HDM) living at high altitude for 9 continuous mo. In the first group the serum levels of total and HDM-specific IgE showed significant decreases after 3 mo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.02, respectively) and after 9 mo (p < 0.001). Three months after returning home the total IgE levels had increased significantly (p < 0.001). The mean percentage fall in peak expiratory flow after exercise testing improved after 3 and 9 mo (p < 0.05), but it had deteriorated after 3 mo at home (p < 0.01). The methacholine PD20-FEV1 increased after 3 mo (p = 0.001) and further after 9 mo (p < 0.001), with a decrease after the 3-mo period at sea level (p = 0.01). In the second cohort there was a significant increase in HDM PD20-FEV1 after 6 and 9 mo (p < 0.001), with a slight decrease of magnitude of the allergen-induced late reaction. Histamine PD20-FEV1 significantly increased after 6 and 9 mo at high altitude, particularly in the challenges performed after the HDM bronchial provocation (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that allergen avoidance in asthmatic children not only decreases nonspecific BHR but also decreases allergen sensitivity, late allergen-induced bronchial reactions, and enhancement of BHR by allergen challenge.
Anandamide inhibits metabolism and physiological actions of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the striatum
Authors: Mauro Maccarrone, Silvia Rossi, Monica Bari, Valentina De Chiara, Filomena Fezza, Alessandra Musella, Valeria Gasperi, Chiara Prosperetti, Giorgio Bernardi, Alessandro Finazzi-Agrò, Benjamin F Cravatt, Diego Centonze
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Optimizing the Dose of Pre-Pandemic Influenza Vaccines to Reduce the Infection Attack Rate
Authors: Steven Riley, Joseph T Wu, Gabriel M Leung
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

The recent spread of avian influenza in wild birds and poultry may be a precursor to the emergence of a 1918-like human pandemic. Therefore, stockpiles of human pre-pandemic vaccine (targeted at avian strains) are being considered. For many countries, the principal constraint for these vaccine stockpiles will be the total mass of antigen maintained. We tested the hypothesis that lower individual doses (i.e., less than the recommended dose for maximum protection) may provide substantial extra community-level benefits because they would permit wider vaccine coverage for a given total size of antigen stockpile.We used a mathematical model to predict infection attack rates under different policies. The model incorporated both an individual's response to vaccination at different doses and the process of person-to-person transmission of pandemic influenza. We found that substantial reductions in the attack rate are likely if vaccines are given to more people at lower doses. These results are applicable to all three vaccine candidates for which data are available. As a guide to the magnitude of the effect, we simulated epidemics based on historical studies of immunogenicity. For example, for one of the vaccines for which data are available, the attack rate would drop from 67.6% to 58.7% if 160 out of the total US population of 300 million were given an optimal dose rather than 20 out of 300 million given the maximally protective dose (as promulgated in the US National Pandemic Preparedness Plan). Our results are conservative with respect to a number of alternative assumptions about the precise nature of vaccine protection. We also considered a model variant that includes a single high-risk subgroup representing children. For smaller stockpile sizes that allow vaccine to be offered only to the high-risk group at the optimal dose, the predicted benefits of using the homogenous model formed a lower bound in the presence of a risk group, even when the high-risk group was twice as infective and twice as susceptible.In addition to individual-level protection (i.e., vaccine efficacy), the population-level implications of pre-pandemic vaccine programs should be considered when deciding on stockpile size and dose. Our results suggest that a lower vaccine dose may be justified in order to increase population coverage, thereby reducing the infection attack rate overall.
Interfacing between primary and secondary care is needed
Authors: Albert Lee, William Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Kwong Ka Tsang
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Straus et al highlighted the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on professionalism and gave several examples of strained professional behaviour.1 Research in Hong Kong showed anxiety among general practitioners who, despite worries, demonstrated willingness to do their duty as was expected from a highly professional workforce.2 Altogether 82.3% of …
Retrovirus Vectors: Toward the Plentivirus?
Authors: Christopher Baum, Axel Schambach, Jens Bohne, Melanie Galla
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant retroviral vectors based upon simple gammaretroviruses, complex lentiviruses, or potentially nonpathogenic spumaviruses represent relatively well characterized tools that are widely used for stable gene transfer. Different members of the Retroviridae family have developed distinct and potentially useful features related to their life cycle. These natural differences can be exploited for specialized applications in gene therapy and could conceivably be combined to create future retroviral hybrid vectors, ideally incorporating the following features: an efficient, noncytopathic packaging system with low likelihood of recombination; serum resistance; an ability to pseudotype with cell-specific envelopes; high-fidelity reverse transcription before cell entry; unrestricted cytoplasmic transport and nuclear import; an insulated expression cassette; specific chromosomal targeting; and physiologic or regulated levels of transgene expression. We envisage that, compared to contemporary vectors, a hybrid vector combining these properties would have increased therapeutic efficacy and an enhanced biosafety profile. Many of the above goals will require the inclusion of nonretroviral components into vector particles or transgenes.
Ruptured Lymphocele as a Cause of Chylous Ascites: Demonstration by Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: YUJI SEO, NORIYUKI SHUKE, WAKAKO YAMAMOTO, KOKI USUI, TAMIO ABURANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 20-year-old woman who reported progressive abdominal distention was admitted to the hospital. CTs of the abdomen and pelvis showed a large amount of ascites, soft tissue density masses in the paraaortic region, and a cystic mass in the pelvis that was thought to be an ovarian tumor. Because the ascites were chylous in nature by abdominal paracentesis, lymphoscintigraphy was performed by injecting Tc-99m human serum albumin subcutaneously into the webbing between the first and second toes. Serial whole-body images suggested that the paraaortic and the cystic masses were lymphoceles extending from the pelvis to the paraaortic region. A gradual increase in abdominal activity was also observed, indicating leakage of lymph into the peritoneal cavity. On laparoscopy, normal ovaries were observed and a fluid leak was located in the pelvic cystic mass. Based on these findings, a ruptured lymphocele was thought to be the cause of the chylous ascites.