tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beta-adrenergic influences on T wave alternans during pacing in patients with and without ventricular tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Norihiro Komiya, Shinji Seto, Kojiro Nakao, Kiyotaka Matsuo, Hisashi Doi, Motonobu Hayano, Katsusuke Yano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
COX-2 Inhibitors and Early Failure of Free Vascular Flaps
Authors: Jehad Al-Sukhun, Anu Koivusalo, Jyrki Törnwall, Christian Lindqvist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: We wish to report our clinical experience with the use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors to control pain in patients treated with free vascular flaps after undergoing ablative s...
CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING UNRESTRICTED USE OF THE EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AS COMPARED WITH PACLITAXEL- AND SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Michael Mahmoudi, Cedric Delhaye, Kohei Wakabayashi, Itsik Ben-Dor, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael A. Gaglia, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, Asmir I. Syed, Sara D. Collins, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Safe mobilization of CD34+ cells in adults with β-thalassemia and validation of effective globin gene transfer for clinical investigation
Authors: Farid Boulad, Xiuyan Wang, Jinrong Qu, Clare Taylor, Leda Ferro, Garyfalia Karponi, Shirley Bartido, Patricia Giardina, Glenn Heller, Susan E. Prockop, Aurelio Maggio, Michel Sadelain, Isabelle Rivière
Journal: Blood (2014)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cardiovascular Events as a Function of Serum Bilirubin Levels in a Large, Statin-Treated Cohort”
Authors: Laura J. Horsfall, Irwin Nazareth, Irene Petersen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Mascitelli and Goldstein propose that lower levels of redox-active iron could explain some of the observed relationship between low serum bilirubin and the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease.Biliverdin/bilirubin, ferritin, and carbon monoxide are produced in equal quantities by heme-oxygenase-1, and the vascular effects of raised carbon monoxide may also contribute to the relationship between bilirubin and cardiovascular disease reported in our article. 1isentangling the individual role of HO-1 products in cardiovascular disease will be difficult, although an independent effect of bilirubin is somewhat supported by Mendelian randomization designs using genetic variation strongly associated with bilirubin clearance. 2,3However, we should point out that these findings are not consistently replicated. 4We are not convinced that the results of our study can provide particularly strong support for the iron hypothesis, which remains an interesting area for research and debate. 5,
Profiling changes in keratinocyte gene expression during wound reepithelialization by laser capture microdissection combined with cDNA array analysis
Authors: Tanja X. Pedersen, Chichadnok Leethanakul, Vyomesh Patel, David Mitola, Keld Danø, Morten Johnsen, J. Silvio Gutkind, Thomas H. Bugge
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Research ethics committees
Authors: M. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Background: Lymphocytes from tumor-bearing animals have been shown to lack antitumor function. The objective of this study was to investigate the status of the signal transducers, Stat1 and Stat3, in T lymphocytes of animals bearing D1-DMBA-3 mammary tumors and to elucidate if any alterations in these signal transducers can be explained by the presence of tumor-derived factors and correlated with the lack of antitumor function in these cells. Materials and Methods: T Lymphocytes from spleens of normal and tumor-bearing mice were purified and assayed for the presence of Stat1 and Stat3 by Western blot analysis. Results: It was found that levels of both Stat1 and Stat3 were reduced in T lymphocytes of tumor-bearers not only in their active, phosphorylated form but in total protein levels. Conclusion: These findings indicate that during mammary tumor progression, alteration of various transcription factors may contribute to the down-regulation of immune function.
Adenosine‐dependent activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 induces late preconditioning in liver cells
Authors: Elisa Alchera, Lorenza Tacchini, Chiara Imarisio, Caterina Dal Ponte, Cristina De Ponti, Elena Gammella, Gaetano Cairo, Emanuele Albano, Rita Carini
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The cellular mechanisms by which ischemic preconditioning increases liver tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury are still poorly understood. This study investigated the role of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the protection associated with the late phase of liver preconditioning. Late preconditioning was induced in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by a transient (10 minute) hypoxic stress or by 15 minutes incubation with the adenosine A2A receptors agonist CGS21680 24 hours before exposure to 90 minutes of hypoxia in a serum-free medium. Late preconditioning induced the nuclear translocation of HIF-1 and the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a HIF-1–regulated transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes bicarbonate production. Such effects were associated with prevention of hepatocyte killing by hypoxia and the amelioration of intracellular acidosis and Na+ accumulation. The inhibition of PKC-mediated and PI3-kinase–mediated signals with, respectively, chelerythrine and wortmannin abolished HIF-1 activation and blocked both CAIX expression and the protective action of late preconditioning. CAIX expression was also prevented by interfering with the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 using a dominant negative HIF-1β subunit. The inhibition of CAIX with acetazolamide or the block of bicarbonate influx with disodium-4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanato-stilben-2,2′-disulfonate also reverted the protective effects of late preconditioning on intracellular acidosis and Na+ accumulation. Conclusion: The stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors induced late preconditioning in liver cells through the activation of HIF-1. HIF-1–induced expression of CAIX increases hepatocyte tolerance to ischemia by maintaining intracellular Na+ homeostasis. These observations along with the importance of HIF-1 in regulating cell survival indicates HIF-1 activation as a possible key event in liver protection by late preconditioning. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Magnetic resonance necropsy is offered routinely in University College London Hospitals
Authors: J A S Brookes, M Hall-Craggs, W R Lees
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Bisset suggests that magnetic resonance imaging might be an alternative to necropsy.1 The first public presentation of work specifically assessing the use of magnetic resonance imaging as an alternative to necropsy was given by two of us (JASB, WRL) in 1995 (abstract presented at Radiological Society …
Hypnotic Induction of Anxiety: A Psychoendocrine Investigation
Authors: Louis Jolyon West
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This compact volume presents in detail five research projects on the hypnotic induction of anxiety. Conducted by a multidisciplinary team over a five-year period, it is one of the most carefully controlled and elegantly designed research under-takings of its kind.  The investigators, who have carefully reviewed the background of research on emotions, are familiar with the advantages and limitations of hypnotic techniques and gave careful attention to the population of normal volunteers with whom they worked. Intelligent application of appropriate biostatistical methods enabled them to assess potential sources of bias in sampling, in selection of a volunteer population, and in the question of hypnotizability.  The general plan of these experiments was to induce anxiety by direct hypnotic suggestion, to study its clinical manifestations, to measure it with psychological instruments, and to delineate endocrine changes reflecting the anxiety state.  Significant effects of anxiety were found with four criteria of the Rorschach
Five-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Comparison Between Off-Pump and On-Pump Stable Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. The MASS III Trial
Authors: Whady Hueb, Neuza H. Lopes, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alexandre C. Hueb, Paulo Rogério Soares, Desidério Favarato, Ricardo D'Oliveira Vieira, Eduardo Gomes Lima, Cibele Larrosa Garzillo, Felipe da Silva Paulitch, Luiz A.M. César, Bernard J. Gersh, José A.F. Ramires
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe, routine procedure. Nevertheless, significant morbidity remains, mostly because of the body's response to the nonphysiological nature of cardiopulmonary bypass. Few data are available on the effects of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB) on cardiac events and long-term clinical outcomes.In a single-center randomized trial, 308 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned: 155 to OPCAB and 153 to on-pump CAB (ONCAB). Primary composite end points were death, myocardial infarction, further revascularization (surgery or angioplasty), or stroke. After 5-year follow-up, the primary composite end point was not different between groups (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.22; P=0.21). A statistical difference was found between OPCAB and ONCAB groups in the duration of surgery (240±65 versus 300±87.5 minutes; P<0.001), in the length of ICU stay (19.5±17.8 versus 43±17.0 hours; P<0.001), time to extubation (4.6±6.8 versus 9.3±5.7 hours; P<0.001), hospital stay (6±2 versus 9±2 days; P<0.001), higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (35 versus 4% of patients; P<0.001), and blood requirements (31 versus 61% of patients; P<0.001), respectively. The number of grafts per patient was higher in the ONCAB than the OPCAB group (2.97 versus 2.49 grafts/patient; P<0.001).No difference was found between groups in the primary composite end point at 5-years follow-up. Although OPCAB surgery was related to a lower number of grafts and higher episodes of atrial fibrillation, it had no significant implications related to long-term outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN66068876.
Relationship between circulating visfatin/NAMPT, nutritional status and insulin resistance in an elderly population – results from the PolSenior substudy
Authors: Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Aleksander Owczarek, Maria Bożentowicz-Wikarek, Aniceta Brzozowska, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Tomasz Grodzicki, Andrzej Więcek, Jerzy Chudek
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of toll-like receptors and relation to cytokine levels in cirrhosis
Authors: Stephen M. Riordan, Narelle Skinner, Ammar Nagree, Helen McCallum, Christopher J. McIver, Jelica Kurtovic, John A. Hamilton, Stig Bengmark, Roger Williams, Kumar Visvanathan
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Activation of macrophages by endotoxin is assumed responsible for increased circulating tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α) and soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) levels in cirrhosis. Relevant to this is expression of Toll–like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2, which is critically involved in production of TNF–α in response to endotoxin and Gram–positive microbial stimuli, respectively. The first studies on this in cirrhosis are reported here. In 36 cirrhotic patients and 32 controls, we measured (1) circulating endotoxin, TNF–α, and sTNFR levels; (2) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression of TLR4 and TLR2, and (3) in vitro TNF–α production by PBMCs stimulated with endotoxin or Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). PBMC expression of TLR2, circulating TNF–α levels, and in vitro TNF–α production were reassessed after supplementation with a synbiotic regimen known to increase intestinal levels of Gram–positive bacteria. Endotoxin, TNF–α, and sTNFR levels were significantly increased in cirrhosis. Endotoxin levels did not correlate significantly with other parameters. PBMC expression of TLR2 but not TLR4 was significantly up–regulated in cirrhosis and correlated significantly with serum TNF–α and sTNFR levels. In vitro TNF–α production by PBMCs stimulated by SEB was significantly blunted. Supplementation with the synbiotic regimen resulted in significant up–regulation of PBMC expression of TLR2. Serum TNF–α levels were further increased and in vitro TNF–α production further reduced in most patients. In conclusion, up–regulation of PBMC expression of TLR2 but not TLR4 occurs in cirrhosis, which implies, contrary to previous assumptions, an important stimulatory role for Gram–positive microbial components but not endotoxin. TLR2 likely contributes to increased circulating TNF–α and sTNFR levels in cirrhosis.
Local Venous Responses to Endotoxin in Humans
Authors: Kiran Bhagat, Joe Collier, Patrick Vallance
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Septic shock is characterized by arterial and venous dilatation and decreased responsiveness to vasoconstrictors. We have developed a method to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of administration of endotoxin into a blood vessel in vivo. Methods and Results Endotoxin was instilled into a dorsal hand vein for 1 hour and then removed. A dose-response curve to norepinephrine was constructed before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after endotoxin. In a separate study, dose-response curves to norepinephrine were constructed in two separate veins on the same hand, only one of which received endotoxin. Sympathetic-mediated venoconstrictor responses were also studied. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, and hydrocortisone were used to explore the mechanisms of the effects seen. Endotoxin caused a rightward shift in the dose-response curve to norepinephrine. The effect was greatest at 1 hour (maximal constriction: before endotoxin, 87±4%; after endotoxin, 52±8%; n=4; P &lt;.05) and returned to normal by 4 hours. In addition, deep-breath venoconstrictor responses were abolished in the endotoxin-treated vein. Instillation of endotoxin daily for 3 days resulted in the development of tolerance (maximal constriction to norepinephrine after endotoxin: day 1, 39±6%; day 2, 67±7%; day 3, 85±7%). Cyclooxygenase and/or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors did not alter the response to endotoxin, whereas prior administration of hydrocortisone abolished the effects. Conclusions Instillation of endotoxin caused a glucocorticoid-inhibitable hyporesponsiveness to the constrictor effects of norepinephrine and abolished sympathetically induced and drug-induced venoconstriction. This acute response does not appear to be mediated by nitric oxide or prostanoids. Direct vascular tolerance to endotoxin occurs on repeated administration.
Endothelial progenitor cell homing: prominent role of the IGF2-IGF2R-PLCβ2 axis
Authors: Yong-Sun Maeng, Hyun-Jung Choi, Ja-Young Kwon, Yong-Won Park, Kyu-Sil Choi, Jeong-Ki Min, Yun-Hee Kim, Pann-Ghill Suh, Kyung-Sun Kang, Moo-Ho Won, Young-Myeong Kim, Young-Guen Kwon
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History
Authors: C. Newman
Journal: BMJ (1976)

It is claimed that this is the first interpretative history of American social welfare, which is defined as ". . .those social security, social service, and health programs, activities, and organizations, public and private, the primary purpose of which [is] to promote the well-being of those individuals that society [feels need and deserve] help."As well as supporting and improving the well-being of needy individuals and groups, the modem welfare system also improves community conditions and helps to solve social problems affecting all members of it.This book is not, however, a definitive account, but a brief review of the main American policies and practices from the colonial period to the present, representing the essence of social welfare history and its significance in the American experience.Chapters deal with the background history of colonial and revolutionary America, indoor relief, scientific charity, child welfare, the public health settlement, house and mental movements, the renaissance of public welfare and the quest for profes- sionalization in the early twentieth century, social work in the 1920s, the Depression and a New Deal, and finally the post-war decades.Throughout, the book is well written, with substantial bibliographies after each chapter, and it is modestly priced.It can be warmly recommended.
Right and Left Ventricular Exercise Performance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Radionuclide Assessment
Authors: RICHARD A. MATTHAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Right and left ventricular pump performance was assessed at rest and during upright bicycle exercise in 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 25 normal control subjects. Right ventricular and left ventricular ejection fractions were ascertained noninvasively using first-pass quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. The normal ventricular response to exercise was at least a 5% absolute increase in the ejection fraction of either ventricle. In patients the predominant cardiac abnormality involved performance of the right ventricle. Right ventricular ejection fraction was abnormal at rest in eight patients. Twenty-three patients demonstrated an abnormal right ventricular response to submaximal exercise. Airway obstruction and arterial hypoxemia were significantly more severe in patients with abnormal right ventricular exercise reserve than in those with normal reserve. Abnormal left ventricular performance was infrequent either at rest (four patients) or during exercise (six patients). Thus, this radionuclide technique allows noninvasive assessment of biventricular exercise reserve in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
MPs and peers criticise justice bill's clause on sharing personal data as too broad
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Powers for UK government ministers to make orders allowing them to share individuals’ personal data, including medical records, with public and private organisations without consent have been criticised by the joint parliamentary committee on human rights as much too broad and lacking adequate safeguards.

The government, faced with an outcry over the sweeping powers, has now dropped the controversial clause from the Coroners and Justice Bill and has pledged to consult before introducing further legislation on the issue ( BMJ 2009;338:b1009, 11 Mar, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1009).

The influential committee of MPs and peers, whose report will form a key part of the consultation, has joined a number of organisations, including the BMA, in …
IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST FLEXNER DYSENTERY
Authors: LAWSON WILKINS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In spite of all the precautionary methods, it is difficult to prevent the spread of bacillary dysentery in institutions for young children. If immunity to this disease could be produced, a material reduction in the morbidity and mortality of such institutions during the summer months would result. Many workers<sup>1</sup>have shown by experiments on animals and men that protection against dysentery can be conferred by the use of vaccines. Shiga,<sup>2</sup>Gibson,<sup>3</sup>Vincent<sup>4</sup>and Csernel<sup>5</sup>have been successful by the subcutaneous administration of vaccines in lowering materially the incidence and mortality of the disease in certain epidemics. Their results indicate that protection is not conferred by dysentery vaccines in all cases. Among a large group of inoculated persons there are always certain ones who never develop immune bodies. From five days to three weeks must elapse before agglutinins are produced in most instances. The duration of
Chemokine-mediated tissue recruitment of CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD
Authors: Joanne E. Croudace, Charlotte F. Inman, Ben. E. Abbotts, Sandeep Nagra, Jane Nunnick, Prem Mahendra, Charles Craddock, Ram Malladi, Paul A. H. Moss
Journal: Blood (2012)
Seasonal influenza immunisation in Europe. Overview of recommendations and vaccination coverage for three seasons: pre-pandemic (2008/09), pandemic (2009/10) and post-pandemic (2010/11)
Authors: J Mereckiene, S Cotter, A Nicoll, P Lopalco, T Noori, J T Weber, F D'Ancona, D Lévy-Bruhl, L Dematte, C Giambi, P Valentiner-Branth, I Stankiewicz, E Appelgren, D O’Flanagan, Collective the VENICE project gatekeepers group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Since 2008, annual surveys of influenza vaccination policies, practices and coverage have been undertaken in 29 European Union (EU)/ European Economic Area (EEA) countries. After 2009, this monitored the impact of European Council recommendation to increase vaccination coverage to 75% among risk groups. This paper summarises the results of three seasonal influenza seasons: 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11. In 2008/09, 27/29 countries completed the survey; in 2009/10 and 2010/11, 28/29 completed it. All or almost all countries recommended vaccination of older people (defined as those aged ≥50, ≥55, ≥59, ≥60 or ≥65 years), and people aged ≥6 months with clinical risk and healthcare workers. A total of 23 countries provided vaccination coverage data for older people, but only 7 and 10 had data for the clinical risk groups and healthcare workers, respectively. The number of countries recommending vaccination for some or all pregnant women increased from 10 in 2008/09 to 22 in 2010/11. Only three countries could report coverage among pregnant women. Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage during and after the pandemic season in older people and clinical groups remained unchanged in countries with higher coverage. However, small decreases were seen in most countries during this period. The results of the surveys indicate that most EU/EEA countries recommend influenza vaccination for the main target groups; however, only a few countries have achieved the target of 75% coverage among risk groups. Coverage among healthcare workers remained low.
Coincident Salmonella Infections and Ulcerative Colitis: Problems of Recognition and Management
Authors: M. W. Dronfield, J. Fletcher, M. J. S. Langman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Five cases of coincident salmonellosis and ulcerative colitis are described. In three the diagnostic combination was recognized late. If corticosteroid therapy is given for the colitis once the combination is recognized, then simultaneous systemic antibiotic cover is advisable. One of the five patients died during corticosteroid therapy alone with salmonella septicaemia due to a usually non-invasive organism.
Telehealth: only part of the solution
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Science has an annoying way of not finding what you were hoping for. Governments that try to do the right thing, by evaluating innovations before rolling them out, may well get frustrated when the studies they have funded take time to reach a conclusion, when journals take time to peer review and publish them, and especially when the published findings aren’t clear cut or compelling. 

Such is the case with the UK government’s three and a half year, £30m evaluation of telehealth and telecare. The world’s largest trial of remote exchange of clinical data between patients and health professionals recruited people with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , and heart failure from …