tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Worksite health promotion and health care costs and utilization
Authors: J. P. Sciacca
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Problems were raised in two prior Letters to the Editor 1,2 about the article entitled Impact of Worksite Health Promotion on Health Care Costs and Utilization. 3 The results of the study may also be suspect for the following reasons.  The length of the pretreatment period (one year) was inadequate to obtain reliable baseline measurements. In a similar study to evaluate a worksite health promotion program, 4 we collected data for a two-year preassessmentperiod. Large within-group differences were found from one preassessment year to the next. We concluded that a 12-month premeasurement period was too short and recommended that future investigations incorporate a pretreatment period that is long enough to establish a reliable baseline. The entire field needs to adopt a more realistic posture regarding a time frame for baseline assessments if the cost-effectiveness of health promotion programs is to be demonstrated.  Inappropriate health care measures were
Disruption of circadian locomotor activity in rats after portacaval anastomosis is not gender dependent
Authors: Petra E. Steindl, Jeanne Gottstein, Andres T. Blei
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A recent study suggested that female rats are less affected by a portacaval anastomosis (PCA) than their male counterparts, as measured by body weight and changes in locomotor activity. In this study, we evaluated the entrainment of locomotor activity to the light/dark (LD) cycle, a consistent abnormality in the portacaval shunted rat. The degree of entrainment was measured in male and female rats before and after PCA or sham operation. All four groups of animals showed strong entrainment to an LD cycle before surgery. After portacaval anastomosis, male and female rats exhibited a highly significant decrease in overall motor activity as compared with the preoperative period and as compared with sham-operated animals of the same gender. The percentage of total activity during daytime was significantly increased after portacaval anastomosis. The reduction in parameters of entrainment indicates a disruption of circadian function in both portacaval-shunted groups. Portal pressure measurements confirmed the patency of the shunts. Cortical brain glutamine levels were similarly increased in male and female shunted rats. The loss of body weight was slightly, but not significantly, more pronounced in male animals after shunt surgery. In conclusion, our results do not support a role for gender in the disruption of circadian function in rats after PCA.
Dyskeratotic degeneration of epidermal cells in pityriasis rosea: light and electron microscopic studies
Authors: H. OKAMOTO, S. IMAMURA, T. AOSHIMA, J. KOMURA, S. OFUJI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We studied biopsies from twenty-nine patients with pityriasis rosea. All specimens showed features of subacute or chronic dermatitis as previously reported, but sixteen cases (55%) had dyskeratotic cells within the epidermis. Ultrastructurally, these cells contained an aggregation of tonofilaments, many vacuoles and intracytoplasmic desmosomes. Previously, only non-specific histological changes had been described in pityriasis rosea, but the presence of dyskeratotic cells seems to be a significant feature.
Half of UK patients get stem cells for transplantation from overseas
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Half the people in the United Kingdom who receive stem cells as part of their treatment for a blood disorder have the cells imported from abroad, a review has found.1

The UK blood cancer charity and bone marrow register Anthony Nolan and NHS Blood and Transplant, which carried out the review, are urging more people to join stem cell registries. Most needed are young men aged between 16 and 30 years old because they are most likely to be chosen as donors but make up just 12% of those registered, they say.

There are …
Identification of a rare e8a2 BCR-ABL fusion gene in three novel chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib
Authors: J M Cayuela, P Rousselot, F Nicolini, D Espinouse, C Ollagnier, M H Bui-Thi, K Chabane, E Raffoux, E Callet-Bauchu, I Tigaud, J P Magaud, S Hayette
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
The Gonococcus and the Toilet Seat
Authors: James H. Gilbaugh, Peter C. Fuchs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to drying is well recognized and is a major factor in limiting the nonsexual transmission of this organism. However, Bailey and Scott have suggested that gonococci may survive for short periods in a moist environment1; this possibility was confirmed when Elmros and Larsson demonstrated survival of gonococci for up to 24 hours on a towel periodically rinsed with warm, physiologic saline.Nonvenereal gonococcal infections include conjunctivitis,3 gum abscess,4 pharyngitis,5 6 7 parotitis8 and arthritis.9 Acquisition or transmission of gonococcal infections by nonvenereal mechanisms occurs in infants and children.4 , 7 , 9 10 11 12 Contamination of the mother's hands was implicated as . . .
THE ACTIVATING EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM AND OTHER CATIONS ON THE HEMOLYTIC FUNCTION OF COMPLEMENT
Authors: Manfred M. Mayer, Abraham G. Osler, Otto G. Bier, Michael Heidelberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. The evidence presented indicates that Mg(++), or other cation such as Ca(++), Ni(++), or Co(++), is essential for the hemolytic action of C'. Ca(++), Ni(++), and Co(++) are less effective than Mg(++). The hemolytic system usually does not contain sufficient Mg(++) for optimal hemolytic activity so that a marked enhancement can be obtained by addition of extra Mg(++). 2. The enhancing action of tissue fluids can be ascribed to their contribution of Mg(++). 3. Substances which bind Mg(++) and Ca(++) are anticomplementary when added to the usual hemolytic system which contains only a small quantity of Mg(++). This type of anticomplementary effect can be overcome by addition of extra Mg(++). 4. Ca(++) may also be essential to the lytic process but its action is much less pronounced than that of Mg(++).
Paraplegia After Surgery for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Richard L. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To  Editor.—  I read with interest  letter by Golden et al (233:768, 1975) regarding paraplegia after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms. While their comments about paraplegia and  arteria radicularis magna seem appropriate, a statement concerning  blood supply of  spinal cord is incorrect.  Their letter states that the blood supply to  spinal cord is tenuous at best, coming from both  two-part anterior spinal arteries and  single posterior spinal  There is, in truth, only one anterior spinal artery , which arises from  union of two branches from  terminal portions of each vertebral artery at  level of  foramen magnum just before  vertebrals unite to form  basilar artery. On  other hand, there are two posterior spinal arteries , each arising from its respective vertebral artery at about  level of  medulla oblongata. The single anterior spinal artery descends
Bones Books &amp; Bell Jars: Photographs of the Mütter Museum Collection
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pervasive Synaptic Branch Removal in the Mammalian Neuromuscular System at Birth
Authors: Juan C. Tapia, John D. Wylie, Narayanan Kasthuri, Kenneth J. Hayworth, Richard Schalek, Daniel R. Berger, Cristina Guatimosim, H. Sebastian Seung, Jeff W. Lichtman
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Abstract 3870: Construction and characterization of completely human serine protease therapeutics targeting Her2/neu
Authors: Yu Cao, Khalid A. Mohamedali, Lawrence H. Chueng, Walter N. Hittelman, Michael G. Rosenblum
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) is a powerful enzymatic inducer of apoptosis via a multi-modal intracellular mechanism including direct activation of the caspase cascade, damaging mitochondria resulting in the release of cytochrome C, and damaging nuclear matrix. We developed a novel recombinant immunotoxin linking GrB to a humanized Herceptin-derived scFv (4D5) specific for the Her2/neu cell-surface domain. The GrB/4D5 fusion constructs were efficiently expressed in HEK 293T mammalian cells as active glycosylated molecules and purified by immobilized cobalt affinity chromatography. In vitro studies demonstrated that GrB/4D5 retained the affinity and specificity of the original Herceptin antibody with a Kd of 0.24nM, as well as the biological activity of GrB (BAADT assay, enzymatic activity of 2.08×105U/µM, vs 1.39×105U/µM for free GrB). Target cell-specific activity was observed with IC50 of 10 to 50nM against a panel of Her2/neu positive tumor cells. In addition, the rapid induction of apoptosis in cells was confirmed by Annexin V staining and detection of activated caspase-3 in the cytosol. GrB/4D5 was active against BT474 M1 parental cells as well as Herceptin-resistant cells, despite the fact that these cells were more than 150 fold resistant to Herceptin. Addition of EGF or NRG-1 had no inhibitory effect on the cytotoxicity of the fusion construct against BT474 M1 cells. This is the first report of GrB-based immunotoxins having the potential to overcome Herceptin resistance arising in breast tumor cells. Further in vitro characterization against Her2/neu positive cancer cells expressing MDR or MRP-related proteins and in vivo xenograft model studies are ongoing. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3870. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3870
Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Having 42 brief chapters by 47 contributors, this compact book on diabetes may well presage the ultimate, when pages, even paragraphs, are doled out one to an author. The multiplicity causes inevitable overlap, style variation, and disproportionate allotments to various facets of the subject. The four miniscule chapters on diagnostic tests could well be merged, while the meaty introductory chapters on pathophysiology and recent research would benefit from expansion. The 42 accounts are grouped into eight sections. The absorbing "Introduction," comprising chapters on pathophysiology, research, epidemiology, genetics, and vascular disease, sets the tone for the rest of the book, which is neither esoteric nor folksy, but essentially middlebrow, aimed at the clinician who is interested in basic mechanisms as well as practical management. "Emergencies" comprises, in addition to the classical ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia, the less familiar hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma and lactic acidosis. The three "problem" sections, discussing various problems and
Thyroxine transport and distribution in Nagase analbuminemic rats.
Authors: C M Mendel, R R Cavalieri, L A Gavin, T Pettersson, M Inoue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The postulate that thyroxine (T4) in plasma enters tissues by protein-mediated transport or enhanced dissociation from plasma-binding proteins leads to the conclusion that almost all T4 uptake by tissues in the rat occurs via the pool of albumin-bound T4 (Pardridge, W. M., B. N. Premachandra, and G. Fierer. 1985. Am. J. Physiol. 248:G545-G550). To directly test this postulate, and to test more generally whether albumin might play a special role in T4 transport in the rat, we performed in vivo kinetics studies in six Nagase analbuminemic rats and in six control rats, all of whom had similar serum T4 concentrations and percent free T4 values. Evaluation of the plasma disappearance curves of simultaneously injected 125I-T4 and 131I-albumin indicated that the flux of T4 from the extracellular compartment into the rapidly exchangeable intracellular compartment was similar in the analbuminemic rats (51 +/- 21 ng/min, mean +/- SD) and in the control rats (54 +/- 15 ng/min), as was the size of the rapidly exchangeable intracellular pool of T4 (1.13 +/- 0.53 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.36 micrograms). This latter finding was confirmed by direct analysis of tissue samples (liver, kidney, and brain). We also performed in vitro kinetics studies using the isolated perfused rat liver. The single-pass fractional extraction by normal rat liver of T4 in pooled analbuminemic rat serum was indistinguishable from that of T4 in pooled control rat serum (10.9 +/- 3.3%, n = 3, vs. 11.4 +/- 3.4%). When greater than 98% of the albumin was removed from normal rat serum by chromatography with Affi-Gel blue, the single-pass fractional extraction of T4 (measured by a bolus injection method) did not change (16.3 +/- 2.1%, n = 5, vs. 15.2 +/- 2.5%). These data provide the first valid experimental test of the enhanced dissociation hypothesis and indicate that there is no special, substantive role for albumin in T4 transport in the rat.
Differential enhancement of interferon-γ-induced MHC class II expression of HEp-2 cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: K. TAMAKI, K. NAKAMURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the expression of MHC class II antigens on non-lymphoid cells. In this study we investigated the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the most active metabolite of vitamin D3, on the IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC class II antigens on HEp-2 cells. We found that 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the IFN-gamma-induced expression of HLA-DR on these cells. Differential effects on the MHC class II antigens HLA-DR, -DQ and -DP were also observed.
IMPACT OF CANGRELOR ON MULTIPLE PLATELET SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Jose Luìs Ferreiro, Msafumi Ueno, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Antonio Tello-Montolio, Davide Capodanno, Kolipet Dharmashankar, Rana Alissa, Balhoo Desai, Ronald K. Charlton, Theodore A. Bass, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Television and Practice
Authors: Norman R. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The informative article in Medical News (217:575, 1971) neglected one application of television to medical practice which I feel is of equal significance to those discussed.  While the transmission of images by television is a well-accepted technique, the extraction of physiologic data from medical fluoroscopy using image intensifier-television chains may turn out to be the most significant application of television to modern medicine. It is certainly possible at this time to assess accurately pulmonary ventilation and perfusion using this technique, and the analysis of human vascular disease seems equally promising.  In no way do I wish to dilute the impact of image transfer through closed circuit television on the practice of medicine. However, this other application does exist and is the focus of a significant amount of current research in both the United States and Europe at this time.
Points: Management of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: J S Kirkham
Journal: BMJ (1981)

liams's letter (10 October, p 987) about the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, and agree entirely with your comment.I would take exception, however, to his last sentence, which implies that an "alcoholic binge" may lead to an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and that this does not require investigation.It is our experience that when alcoholic excess leads to a massive bleed there is usually a chronic underlying cause, and I would suggest that these patients most certainly should be investigated.
The Clinical Clerkship in Medicine
Authors: Dana W. Atchley
Journal: JAMA (1960)

JOHNS HOPKINS developed what was probably the first clinical clerkship with student responsibility in this country. As I took this course in 1914, I carried out such laboratory procedures as blood counts and urinalyses, assisted in ward procedures, and took rather abbreviated histories, but the chief emphasis was on physical diagnosis. In step with the times, this was done in an elaborate way with the goal of anticipating the gross autopsy findings. Most other institutions did not permit students on the wards at all or allowed only a few with top grades to stand in the rear during rounds. When I began to teach the clinical clerks at Columbia a few years later, the students were barely tolerated and spent much of their time using the centrifuge as a roulette wheel. In the early 1920's, as we began to realize the extraordinary opportunity provided by the medical clerkship, the
Multiple myeloma is affected by multiple and heterogeneous somatic mutations in adhesion- and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling molecules
Authors: E Leich, S Weißbach, H-U Klein, T Grieb, J Pischimarov, T Stühmer, M Chatterjee, T Steinbrunn, C Langer, M Eilers, S Knop, H Einsele, R Bargou, A Rosenwald
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a largely incurable plasma cell malignancy with a poorly understood and heterogeneous clinical course. To identify potential, functionally relevant somatic mutations in MM, we performed whole-exome sequencing of five primary MM, corresponding germline DNA and six MM cell lines, and developed a bioinformatics strategy that also integrated published mutational data of 38 MM patients. Our analysis confirms that identical, recurrent mutations of single genes are infrequent in MM, but highlights that mutations cluster in important cellular pathways. Specifically, we show enrichment of mutations in adhesion molecules of MM cells, emphasizing the important role for the interaction of the MM cells with their microenvironment. We describe an increased rate of mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and associated signaling effectors, for example, in EGFR, ERBB3, KRAS and MAP2K2, pointing to a role of aberrant RTK signaling in the development or progression of MM. The diversity of mutations affecting different nodes of a particular signaling network appears to be an intrinsic feature of individual MM samples, and the elucidation of intra- as well as interindividual redundancy in mutations that affect survival pathways will help to better tailor targeted therapeutic strategies to the specific needs of the MM patient.
<i>In Vitro</i> Ethanol Suppresses Alveolar Macrophage TNF- α during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: DAVID A. STOLTZ, STEVE NELSON, JAY K. KOLLS, PING ZHANG, RUDOLF P. BOHM, MICHAEL MURPHEY-CORB, GREGORY J. BAGBY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Pulmonary infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with alcohol abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, two immunocompromising conditions that frequently coexist. This study examined the separate and combined effects of in vivo lentiviral infection and in vitro alcohol exposure on alveolar macrophage (AM) production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α ), a proinflammatory cytokine that is critical to normal pulmonary host defense. AMs, recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from uninfected and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques, at the asymptomatic and terminal stages of infection, were cultured in ethanol 2 h prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Median TNF- α concentrations were measured 15 h later. Spontaneous TNF- α production was similar in all groups examined. LPS increased TNF- α protein production similarly in SIV( − ) (2,381 ± 359 pg/ml) and SIV( + ) animals at the terminal stage of infection (2,019 ± 507 pg/ml). In contrast, cells from SIV( + ) asymptomatic animals had a depressed response (763 ± 304 pg/ml). Ethanol (100 mM) suppressed the LPS-induced AM TNF- α response by approximately 50% in both SIV( − ) and ( + ) animals. Ethanol-induced suppression of the TNF- α response occurred at a post-transcriptional level. These data suggest that ethanol-induced suppression of the pulmonary TNF- α response may further increase the susceptibility to and severity of secondary infectious complications in HIV-infected hosts. Stoltz DA, Nelson S, Kolls JK, Zhang P, Bohm RP, Jr., Murphey-Corb M, Bagby GJ. In vitro ethanol suppresses alveolar macrophage TNF- α during simian immunodeficiency virus infection.
Surgical Implications of Obesity
Authors: Louis Flancbaum, Patricia S. Choban
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1998)

Obesity is perhaps the most significant public health problem facing the United States today. Obese patients are at increased risk for numerous medical problems, which can adversely affect surgical outcome. However, these risks have not uniformly translated into increased or prohibitive operative morbidity and mortality in this population. With appropriate perioperative precautions and monitoring, the incidence of serious cardiovascular and pulmonary complications can be minimized. Obese patients can be treated as safely and effectively as their normal weight counterparts under most circumstances and should not be denied surgical treatment for any disorder when surgery constitutes the most appropriate therapy. When indicated, surgical treatment should be considered for patients with clinically severe obesity, since currently it appears to offer the best long-term results for weight control and amelioration of comorbidity.