tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of clinical-pathological correlation in the diagnosis of congenital naevi
Authors: B.J. cribier, F. santinelli, E. grosshans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Congenital naevocellular naevi (CNN) have classical histological criteria that are thought to allow distinction from acquired naevi. These criteria are mainly the horizontal distribution of melanocytes, forming 'Indian files', and a prominent adnexotropism. In order to check whether the previously described criteria were reliable, we analysed 1349 unselected consecutive cases of naevocellular naevi excised in children under 16 years, during a 54-month period. The slides were analysed in order to determine by histological analysis only if they could be classified as CNN. These results were then compared with the clinical files, in which only the most reliable data from parental and/or medical observations were included. Of the 1349 naevi, 659 had the typical histological criteria of CNN, 32 of them being deep CNN, characterized by massive involvement of the lower dermis and hypodermis. The comparison with clinical data showed that 32 naevi with the histological criteria of congenital naevi were actually acquired, and that 179 naevi present at birth did not fulfil these criteria. This study shows that the classic histological criteria are not absolutely specific and are poorly sensitive as 36% of naevi present at birth lacked the classic criteria. The most specific criteria of true CNN were the involvement of eccrine glands and presence of melanocytes in the septae. In the case of deep CNN which corresponded to large or very large naevi, the clinicopathological correlation was 100%. Deep CNN could easily be distinguished from superficial CNN and often exhibited many histological changes consistent with a complex hamartoma, such as presence of brown fat tissue, abnormal vessels and numerous large terminal follicles. In conclusion, our study suggests that it is not possible to predict, by histological analysis alone, that a naevus was present at birth, except in deep CNN which are likely to be a separate entity among all congenital naevi. Studies dealing with congenital naevus-associated melanoma should take into account the lack of sensitivity of these criteria.
TOX 21: New Dimensions of Toxicity Testing
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Maryland, a $10-million automated laboratory spends all day and night screening chemicals at speeds no team of human researchers could ever match.In a week, depending on the nature of the assay, it can yield up to 2.2 million molecular data points derived from thousands of chemicals tested at 15 concentrations each.Media Bakery,Matthew Ray/EHP I t's a major change to move from using studies in animals, with which we're comfortable, to relying mainly on results from biochemical or cell-based assays to make health policy decisions.This is a totally different approach that provides a different kind of information.
P498Hydrogene sulfide as mediator of adaptation to physical training
Authors: VF Sagach, TV Shimanskaya, YU Goshovska, AV Kotsjuruba
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Hydrogen sulfide is enzymaticaly synthesized by three enzymes - cystathionine gama-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta-lyase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). After physical training of rats (4 weeks swimming course) we observed in myocardium the increased of these enzymes expression (in 1,5; 2,5 and 5 times accordingly), which accompanied with increased H2S content in myocardium (31,65±1.29 vs 12,6±0,31 nmol/mg protein in control), in miocardial mitochondria (10,55±1,2 vs 4,2±1,1 nmol/mg protein in control) and in plasma (3,75±0,22 vs 2,48±0,08 nmol/mg protein in control). However, it reminds unclear how H2S takes part in myocardial adaptation to workload, which accompanied with increased heart inflow and intracellular calcium content. Using isolated rat heart by Langendorff preparation we studied myocardial response to gradually increased left ventricular volume (Frank-Starling low) and increasing concentration of Ca2+ in perfusion solution (from 1.7mM to 12.5 mM) in trained and untrained rats. It was shown that swimming course improved heart function: heart rate was decreased, contractile activity (dP/dt max, developing isovolumic LV pressure) and coronary flow were increased by 20% and 33% respectively. Equal volume stretching of balloon in left ventricle provoked greater contraction in trained comparing to untrained hearts, demonstrating extended functional reserves after swimming course. Furthermore, training significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated mitochondria (-176,5±8,4 mV vs -156±3,5 mV in control), that points to improved efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in trained heart was detected at higher concentration of calcium that reveals extended calcium capacity of mitochondria and lesser sensitivity of MPTP to its inductor - calcium. In experiments on isolated mitochondria was shown that blockade of H2S synthesis increased but its high level decreased of MPTP sensitivity to calcium. High level of myocardial H2S increased Frank-Starling reaction too.Thus, heart adaptation to physical training and extend of functional reserves of heart are provided by endogenous H2S production and its effects on MPTP sensitivity to calcium.
Evidence that des-Asp1 angiotensin II mediates the renin-angiotensin response.
Authors: R H Freeman, J O Davis, T E Lohmeier, W S Spielman
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Studies were undertaken to compare and evaluate the influence of angiotensin II and its heptapeptide fragments, des-Asp-1-angiotensin II, at various receptor sites for angiotensin in both dogs and rats. Receptor sites evaluated were those which are found in the glomerulosa, reticularis, and fasiculata of the adrenal cortex, in the renal arterioles and the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, and in the peripheral arterioles. Both peptides produced similar changes in the steriod secretion profiles for aldosterones, corticosterone, and cortisol in the dog. In the rat, both peptides similarly increased aldosterone and corticosterone secretion; however, a larger dose of the competitive antagonist Sar-1,Ala-8-angiotensin II was required to block the steroid response to the heptapeptide. This finding suggests that receptor affinity for des-Asp-1-angiotensin II may be greater than its affinity for angiotensin II. Both peptides also decreased renin secretion and renal blood flow similarly in the dog. The pressor response to the heptapeptide was only about one-half the pressor response to angiotensin II in both the rat and dog studies. Collectively, these observations in dogs and rats suggest that des-Asp-1-angiotensin II may mediate the response to the renin-angiotensin system at both adrenal and renal receptors.
Occurrence of antigammaglobulins in effusion fluids of diverse aetiology.
Authors: L P Parker, C W Seward, C K Osterland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Human antigammaglobulins have been detected in high frequency in non-rheumatoid arthritis pleural (Levine, Szanto, Grieble, Bach, and Anderson, 1968) and synovial (
FILTRATION AND REABSORPTION OF PROTEIN BY THE KIDNEY
Authors: Alvin L. Sellers, Neilyn Griggs, Jessie Marmorston, Howard C. Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Plasma proteins of the rat have been labelled by the in vivo injection of the dye T-1824. From a study of the rate of disappearance of T-1824 from the circulating blood, and the total T-1824 content of the perfused kidney the rate of protein reabsorption from the glomerular fluid by the cells of the renal tubule has been calculated. It is concluded that protein reabsorption by the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney proceeds at a rate of at least 5 mg. per hour, equivalent to a daily filtration and reabsorption of 33 per cent of the circulating plasma protein.
Advantages of using aquatic animals for biomedical research on reproductive toxicology.
Authors: N K Mottet, M L Landolt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Major advantages of the use of aquatic animals, such as trout, English sole, or sea urchins, for studying the mechanisms of reproductive toxicology are discussed. The remarkable synchrony of differentiation of gametes in large quantities for detailed morphologic and biochemical measurements enables research not readily done on mammalian nonseasonal breeders. Structural differences such as the absence of a fibrous sheath in the more simple structure of fish and sea urchin sperm flagella facilitates comparative study of the mechanism of action of microtubules in flagella movement and the coupling of mitochondrial energy production to microtubules movement.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis Following Pregnancy
Authors: James M. Strosberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his original description of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia, Shulman<sup>1</sup>noted that several patients showed development of their initial symptoms after exercise, and he suggested that a peculiar response to undue physical exertion may be partly responsible for the condition. Subsequent reports<sup>2,3</sup>(240:451, 1978) have characterized eosinophilic fasciitis as a distinct entity. We report here a case of eosinophilic fasciitis that started after pregnancy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was a 42-year-old mother of two with a nine-month history of pain, weakness, and swelling of her hands, which interfered with her caring for her baby who was born three months before the onset of her symptoms. She was in good health. She had had one previous, uneventful pregnancy 20 years earlier. She denied dysphagia and Raynaud's phenomenon. She did no regular exercise. The skin of her forearms and her hands was tense and warm.
Hepatic regeneration is associated with preservation of microsomal glucuronidation
Authors: W F Zakko, R M Green, J L Gollan, C L Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Significant controversy exists regarding the regulation of glucuronidation during the process of hepatic regeneration. We used a partial hepatectomy rat model to elucidate the effects of hepatic regeneration on the various components of the microsomal glucuronidation system. Hepatic microsomes were prepared by standard sucrose density centrifugation, coupled with a modified technique involving Percoll centrifugation. Microsomal uridine diphosphate (UDP)–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) protein expression and UGT messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured by Western and Northern blotting. UGT enzyme activity was determined toward two prototypical aglycones, p –nitrophenol and estrone, in intact and digitonin–treated microsomes. Microsomal uptake of the cosubstrate for all glucuronidation reactions, UDP–glucuronic acid (UDP–GlcUA), was determined using a rapid–filtration assay. Microsomal enrichment after hepatectomy was preserved only when the Percoll method was used. Microsomal UGT protein expression and UGT mRNA levels were unaltered after hepatectomy. UGT enzyme activity toward estrone was unchanged 1 day posthepatectomy compared with sham laparotomy controls. Similarly, p –nitrophenol glucuronide formation was unaffected by hepatic regeneration 1, 2, and 5 days posthepatectomy when digitonin–treated microsomes were used. Glucuronidation of p–nitrophenol in intact microsomes was increased in partial hepatectomy compared with sham–operated controls at 1 and 2 days. This increase was not attributable to changes in microsomal UDP–GlcUA uptake, which was comparable in both groups. We conclude that microsomal glucuronidation, in contrast to other well characterized hepatic metabolic functions, is highly preserved during liver regeneration.
Support from G8 countries boosts funds for global fund
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The world's seven richest nations and Russia are expected to renew their support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria at the G8 meeting in June, a move that fundraisers say will spur governments to plug a budget gap of $1.3bn (£0.8bn; $1.1bn) for vital new projects.

The fund needs $1.6bn to finance projects when it considers the next round of proposals in October 2003 but currently has less than $300m.

Jon Liden, a spokesman for the Geneva based fund, said the G8, which comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, …
Reduction of indoor airborne mould spores
Authors: P. Prahl
Journal: Allergy (1992)

In 23 dwellings in Copenhagen high concentrations of airborne mould spores were shown by the "open Petri dish" method. The families were instructed how to reduce this contamination. One year later the number of mould spores was estimated again. At that time their number was 1/10 of that shown at the first sampling in 11 dwellings, and in 7 dwellings the reduction of mould spores decreased to 1/5. Only one dwelling showed no reduction.
Microinflammation induces endothelial damage in hemodialysis patients: the role of convective transport
Authors: R. Ramirez, J. Carracedo, A. Merino, S. Nogueras, M.A. Alvarez-Lara, M. Rodríguez, A. Martin-Malo, C. Tetta, P. Aljama
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Changing the Medical School Curriculum to Improve Patient Access to Primary Care
Authors: John E. Verby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The problems of access to health care by the underinsured demand a systematic response. One of the critical components of that response is medical curriculum reform, with the intent to graduate adequate numbers of physicians to do primary care, to work with the underinsured and the uninsured, and to practice in rural areas. One state, Minnesota, has developed a unique response to these needs, demonstrating problem solving very much in keeping with many of the recommendations in the literature. Highlighted in this article is the University of Minnesota's Rural Physician Associate Program, a predoctoral curriculum innovation functioning for 20 years to help resolve the issue of physician maldistribution in the state. The Rural Physician Associate Program provides students with many of the skills needed to provide primary care, it is cost-effective, and it has brought a number of benefits to the participating communities.
Performance Measures and Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Martha J. Radford, Robert O. Bonow, Raymond J. Gibbons, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: JAMA (2007)

To the Editor: Dr Fonarow and colleagues studied the association between heart failure performance measures and mortality and rehospitalization. While adherence to guidelines is important and could affect hard clinical end points, neither this study nor the American College of Cardiology/American HeartAssociation(ACC/AHA)clinicalperformancemeasures for adults with chronic heart failure addresses patient medication adherence, an important aspect of this complex issue. There is evidence that 15% to 30% of patients discontinue guideline-recommended medications within 1 year, and, in some cases, do so as early as 30 days. Therefore, assessing quality of care based on performance measures at discharge without also considering patient medication adherence introduces potential for significant bias. Using such measures to judge the quality of efforts at facilities or by physicians who serve population subgroups less likely to adhere to medications is akin to ignoring case mix—an approach that would be judged unfair. While we agree with Fonarow et al that additional measures and better methods are needed to accurately assess and improve the care of patients with heart failure, such measures must consider all factors with significant influence on patient outcomes. Developing a “multilevel” performance measure that captures both physicians’ adherence to evidence-based guidelines and patients’ adherence to these regimens would better reflect quality in heart failure care and enable a more accurate assessment of performance in the delivery of health care for this and other chronic diseases.
Dermatomyositis presenting as plaque‐like mucinosis
Authors: None Kaufmann, None Greiner, None Schmidt, None Wolter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We describe two women, aged 65 and 37 years, who presented with mucinous plaques as the initial skin signs of dermatomyositis. Other cutaneous manifestations were lacking, but typical myositis appeared later in the course of the disease.
Prevalence of "syndrome X" features in parents of type 1 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy.
Authors: B Verhage, G Vervoort, C Wolkotte, L D Elving, J F Wetzels, H Willems, P Smits, A L Verbeek, J H Berden
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of "syndrome X"-related parameters in parents of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy (DNP) to those in parents of diabetic patients without DNP. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included 50 parents of type 1 diabetic patients with DNP and 50 parents of diabetic patients without DNP. All parents were investigated in a fasting state for serum lipids including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, HbA1c, plasma uric acid, fasting insulin levels, and albuminuria. Blood pressure was recorded in the supine position using an automatic device; ankle/brachial index was measured with Doppler ultrasound. Presence of cardiovascular disease was determined by a standardized questionnaire and electrocardiogram registration. Subjects without known diabetes underwent a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Anthropometric parameters such as BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and percentage of body fat were measured. In addition to univariate analysis, a syndrome X score (SXS) was formulated, comprising a number of syndrome X-related biochemical, physiological, and/or anthropometric parameters. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in syndrome X parameters between parents of type 1 diabetic patients with or without DNP. Also, the composite SXS was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no differences were found in the prevalence of syndrome X features between parents of type 1 diabetic patients with DNP and parents of patients without DNP.
Human thymus contains IFN-α–producing CD11c–, myeloid CD11c+, and mature interdigitating dendritic cells
Authors: Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare, Clarisse Barthélémy, Isabelle Durand, Corine Bruand, Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant, Nathalie Moulian, Sonia Berrih-Aknin, Christophe Caux, Giorgio Trinchieri, Francine Brière
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Three distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets capable of stimulating allogeneic naive T cells were isolated from human thymus. The most abundant subset was represented by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which secreted high amounts of IFN-α upon stimulation with inactivated influenza virus and thus likely correspond to the recently identified peripheral blood natural IFN-α/β–producing cells (IPCs). Like those latter cells, thymic pDCs had distinctive phenotypic features (i.e., Lin–, HLA-DRint, IL-3Rαhi, CD45RAhi, CD11c–, CD13–, and CD33lo) and developed into mature DCs upon culture in IL-3 and CD40L. Of the two other DC subsets, one displayed a phenotype of immature myeloid DCs (imDCs) (HLA-DRint, CD11c+, CD13+, CD33+), and the other represented HLA-DRhi CD11c+ mature DCs (mDCs). Since they also expressed DC-LAMP, these mDCs appear to correspond to interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs). Thymic pDCs, but not myeloid imDCs, strongly expressed lymphoid-specific transcripts such as pre-Tα, λ-like, and Spi-B, thereby suggesting a possible lymphoid origin. The detection of Spi-B mRNA, not only upon in vitro maturation of pDCs, but also in freshly purified IDCs, suggests that in vivo pDCs may differentiate into IDCs.
Constitutive Crosspresentation of Tissue Antigens by Dendritic Cells Controls CD8+ T Cell Tolerance In Vivo
Authors: Nancy Luckashenak, Samira Schroeder, Katrin Endt, Darja Schmidt, Karsten Mahnke, Martin F. Bachmann, Peggy Marconi, Cornelia A. Deeg, Thomas Brocker
Journal: Immunity (2008)
214. Dominant-Negative Interference in the Pahenu2 Mouse: Modified Forms of PAH
Authors: Andreas Zori, Dawn D. Yang, Jon-Michael Knapp, Catherine E. Charron, Jennifer E. Embury, Stacy L. Porvasnik, Philip J. Laipis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The common human genetic disorder Phenylketonuria (PKU) is primarily caused by defects in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). An animal model for PKU, the BTBR Pahenu2 mouse, has a missense mutation (F263S) that inactivates PAH; the mouse exhibits classic PKU, with elevated blood Phe levels, cognitive deficiencies, and maternal PKU syndrome. We have corrected both the serum Phe levels and maternal PKU in Pahenu2 mice using recombinant AAV vectors containing the mouse PAH gene. Although successful, unusually high vector doses were needed to achieve normal serum Phe levels.
PERCUTANEOUS MELODY VALVE–IN–VALVE IMPLANTATION WITH SIMULTANEOUS PARAVALVULAR LEAK CLOSURE: COMPLETE TRANSCATHETER REPAIR OF A FAILING MITRAL BIOPROSTHESIS
Authors: Chad Kliger, Rocio Angulo, Leandro Maranan, Robert Kumar, Vladimir Jelnin, Itzhak Kronzon, Gila Perk, Carlos Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mysteries of Magnesium Homeostasis
Authors: Elizabeth Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

n this issue of Circulation Research, Romani and colleagues 1 report that insulin stimulates uptake of ionized magnesium (Mg 2ϩ ) into heart.This study is the latest in a series by Romani, Scarpa, and colleagues regarding hormoneregulated Mg 2ϩ fluxes in heart and liver (References 1 and 2 and references therein).Over the past several decades, we have begun to uncover the mysteries of how cytosolic ionized calcium (Ca 2ϩ ) is regulated and how it regulates cell function.However, the more abundant divalent cation Mg 2ϩ still holds many secrets for us to unravel.Ca 2ϩ signaling is facilitated by the large Ca 2ϩ gradients (up to 10 000-fold) across the plasma and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes.][5] In contrast to Ca 2ϩ signaling, agonists do not cause large (order of magnitude) alterations in cytosolic Mg 2ϩ .Even upon hormonal stimulation, of heart and liver, which results in a 10% to 15% change in total cell magnesium, there is little or no change in cytosolic Mg 2ϩ .This lack of change in cytosolic Mg 2ϩ has led many investigators to question whether Mg 2ϩ is involved in hormone signaling.
The role of free radicals in tumor promotion.
Authors: B D Goldstein, B Czerniecki, G Witz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A role has been suggested for free radicals and active states of oxygen in tumor promotion. There are a number of lines of support for this hypothesis, but no definitive evidence. The hypothesis has proven of value in leading to the development of models pertinent to understanding the mechanism of action of tumor promoters.
Cross-presentation through langerin and DC-SIGN targeting requires different formulations of glycan-modified antigens
Authors: Cynthia M Fehres, Hakan Kalay, Sven C M Bruijns, Sara A M Musaafir, Martino Ambrosini, Louis van Bloois, Sandra J van Vliet, Gert Storm, Juan J Garcia-Vallejo, Yvette van Kooyk
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)