tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SUM OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC VELOCITY OF THE MITRAL ANNULUS CAN PREDICT THE PROGNOSIS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Yamato Fukuda, Nobuo Fukuda, Koichi Sakabe, Satofumi Morishita, Hisanori Shinohara, Yoshiyuki Tamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Therapeutic Radiology: New Directions in Therapy
Authors: Dattatreyudu Nori
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Therapeutic Radiology: New Directions in Therapy is an excellent volume that will be useful to all radiation oncologists. This 520-page book is well written, well indexed, and well documented with references current through 1980, providing a useful overview of current radiotherapeutic treatment. Its 15 chapters by 24 contributors include basic radiation biology and physics, treatment planning, and clinical radiation therapy. Etiology, pathology, staging, and treatment options are discussed extensively in each clinical chapter. A complete chapter is allotted to the radiation therapy treatment planning with comparisons between different techniques, and examples of three-dimensional treatment planning.  International contributions by physicians well known for their work in radiation therapy further add to the quality of the book. C. C. Wang summarizes the management of head and neck neoplasms. F. Chu discusses the management of early, advanced, and recurrent breast cancer. M. Snelling and H. E. Lambert describe the current radiotherapeutic approach for
Noninvasive Endoscopic Determination of Intravariceal Pressure in Patients with Portal Hypertension: Clinical Experience with a New Balloon Technique
Authors: C. Scheurlen, A. Roleff, M. Neubrand, T. Sauerbruch
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Recently, details of a noninvasive balloon manometry technique for endoscopic measurement of variceal pressure (VP) have been published. However, to date, only few data exist on its feasibility and virtually none on its relation to endoscopic or clinical variables of portal hypertension.We investigated a total of 64 patients with esophageal varices using a scaled transparent balloon and a calibrated pressure manometer. Averaged from both fivefold balloon insufflation (variceal collapse) or desufflation (variceal appearance), we took measurements of the VP (mmHg) using the two techniques. These measurements were correlated between two investigators as well as to both clinical and endoscopic signs of portal hypertension. Furthermore, pressures were assessed prospectively before and during propranolol application.Measurements were successful in > 95% of all sessions without side effects. The intraobserver variance was 11.0 +/- 13.1%. Measurements correlated significantly between two observers (r = 0.80, insufflation technique, p < 0.01/r = 0.81, desufflation technique, p < 0.01). Pressures correlated positively to variceal sizes (p < 0.05). The presence of fundic varices was strongly associated with higher pressures (p < 0.02). In patients without medical decompressive therapy we found a significant relationship between VP and the presence of red colour signs or previous bleeding episodes. Clinical parameters did not correlate with VP (p > 0.05). As assessed by this technique, 8/11 patients receiving propranolol showed a decrease in VP (18.6 +/- 19.5% after 1.5 months and 33.3 +/- 11.9% after 3 months).This noninvasive balloon technique is a safe and practical method for estimating VP in patients with portal hypertension. As found by invasive methods, patients with large varices and concomitant fundic varices have higher VP. A drop in intravariceal pressure after propranolol therapy appears to be assessable.
Abstract 284: 17β-estradiol-induced expression of αEF1 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Shaocong Guo, Fen Hu, Yang Gao, Tianhui Zhu, Shuang Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Resistance to tamoxifen therapy is one of the major barriers to the successful treatment of breast cancer, and ER-α expression is currently the main biomarker of response to tamoxifen treatment. Elucidating the regulation of ER-α expression may provide new therapeutic targets for overcoming tamoxifen resistance. Materials and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were used to determine 17β-estradiol-induced expression of αEF1 and ER-α at the mRNA and protein levels in the presence or absence of ICI 182,780, PI-103, PKI, or BAY 11-7082. Luciferase assay was used to determine αEF1-driven transcriptional activities of the wild-type and mutant human ER-α promoters. Quantitative CHIP assay was used to detect the direct association of αEF1 with the wild-type human ER-α proximal promoter. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of αEF1 and ER-α protein in breast cancer specimens. Results: We found that 17β-estradiol up-regulated αEF1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Down-regulation of the ER-α significantly abolished this effect, showing that 17β-estradiol-induced expression of αEF1 is ER-dependent. Blockade of the PI3K or NF-κB pathway resulted in an interference on the up-regulation of αEF1 by 17β-estradiol. Interestingly, ectopic expression of αEF1 exhibited a repression on ER-α expression in MCF-7 cells. Luciferase and CHIP assays further confirmed that αEF1 transcriptionally inhibited the promoter activity of human ER-α by binding to its E2-box (CACCTG). Importantly, up-regulation of αEF1 expression rendered MCF-7 cells less sensitive to tamoxifen treatment, whereas adding ER-α comprised the effect of αEF1 on the cell sensitivity to tamoxifen. Through the study of breast cancer specimens, we found a strong inverse correlation between αEF1 and ER-α protein expression, further supporting the contribution of estrogen/αEF1/ER cascade to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Conclusions: Our data indicates a key role of αEF1 in developing tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer, by altering ER-α expression. Given that re-expressing ER-α in ER-α-negative breast cancer can restore tamoxifen sensitivity, restoring ER-α expression by inhibiting αEF1 provides a potential new strategy for overcoming endocrine resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 284. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-284
P4-05-03: Mechanism Underlying Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer Subtypes.
Authors: JR Molina, JB Dennison, F Zhang, GB Mills
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Several distinct subtypes of breast cancer (Luminal, Basal-like and Her-2+) have been identified by gene expression profiling of breast cancers and cell lines. Although much is known about the regulation of cell signaling in each breast cancer subtype, little is known about subtype-specific energy metabolism and its regulation. The majority of cancers, including breast cancer, acquire an accelerated metabolic index as part of the transformation process. One of the most studied metabolic changes in cancer, referred to as the Warburg effect, is the increased uptake of glucose and its conversion to lactate; which is released from the cell, thus creating an astringent tumor microenvironment with high lactate and low pH. Accumulation of lactate in the tumor microenvironment presents cancer cells with a potential rich carbon source that could be exploited when the preferred nutrient sources, glucose and glutamine, are not abundant or available. Thus uptake and conversion of lactate to pyruvate and then entry into the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation could generate energy that could potentially allow cancer cells to survive until other nutrients become available or until the cancer cells can invade and migrate toward nutrient rich environments, in other words, until they spread locally and metastasize. Methods and Results: Examination of 59 breast cancer cell lines shows differences in expression of numerous proteins and enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, including the lactate transporters (MCT), the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose transporter proteins (GLUT). We found that MCT1 expression is lost in the Luminal subtype and correlates with loss of LDHB and the regulator and chaperone of MCT1, CD147 (Basigin). Conversely, MCT1 is highly expressed in Basal-like and normal cell lines, along with CD147 and LDHB. While monocarboxylate transporter proteins can transport bi-directionally, MCT1 preferentially transports lactate into the cell, while MCT4 transports lactate out of the cell. The loss of MCT1 in luminal cells suggests a distinct energy metabolism in this subtype versus basal-like cells. The basal-like subtype has been further categorized into Basal and Claudin-low subtypes. Claudin-low cells express stem-like markers such as CD44+/CD24-, EMT markers such as vimentin, and are low expressers of the Claudin proteins. We found that MCT1 and CD147 are highly expressed and differentially regulated in Claudin-low cell lines as compared to normal cells. We have evidence that high lactate (10mM) as a sole energy source delays ATP loss and apoptosis in MCT1 expressing cells, but not in luminal cell lines that lack MCT1. Thus, claudin-low tumors may benefit from local lactate production providing an unexpected energy source. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-03.
Trunk Fat and Blood Pressure in Children Through Puberty
Authors: Qing He, Mary Horlick, Barbara Fedun, Jack Wang, Richard N. Pierson, Stanley Heshka, Dympna Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Fat distribution is well recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor in adults. The association between android fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure (BP), was previously reported in an African-American and Caucasian pediatric population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between BP and body fat distribution in a large cross-sectional pediatric sample. The effects of race, sex, and puberty on this relationship were assessed.
New research demolishes link between MMR vaccine and autism
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A leading virologist is calling on the scientific community to spend no more time investigatingalleged links between the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, inflammatory bowel disease, and autism after the publication last week of two further studies, which seemed to demolish the theory that vaccination increased the risk of the conditions.

The studies—one published in the Lancet by a team from the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, the second in Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance from a specially convened …
Bullae in skin grafts
Authors: R. BARAN, L. JUHLIN, P. BRUN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We describe eight patients with grafted leg ulcers, in whom subepidermal bullous lesions appeared after 4-8 weeks either at the donor or the grafted site. The blisters were seen in the centre as well as just outside the graft. They remained for some days and then disappeared. Histology revealed a normal epidermis and a dermis with a moderate lymphocytic infiltration around the capillaries. No clinical signs of pemphigoid were found and friction does not seem to have been a contributing factor. We have at present no explanation for the appearance of the blisters.
HIPAA Regulations — A New Era of Medical-Record Privacy?
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The new privacy regulations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) become effective April 14, 2003. This article outlines the implications of the new policy for practicing physicians. The regulations will affect virtually every physician, because they apply to any health care provider who conducts any business electronically, including billing. The regulations require health care providers to provide patients with a privacy notice that informs them who will have access to their records without their explicit consent and about patients' rights to inspect and amend their own records.
Fluorouracil and Other Predictors of Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma Among High-Risk Patients: The Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention Trial
Authors: Michael Y. Xiong, Kaveri Korgavkar, John J. DiGiovanna, Martin A. Weinstock
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Fluorouracil and
Heterogeneous acinar localization of the asialoglycoprotein internalization system in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Peter Van Der Sluijs, Ineke Braakman, Dirk K. F. Meijer, Geny M. M. Groothuis
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Desialylated glycoprotein is rapidly cleared from plasma by a receptor-mediated endocytic mechanism located on hepatocytes. We studied the hepatic acinar distribution of this asialoglycoprotein transport system with the ligand 125I-asialoorosomucoid using rat liver perfused in either antegrade or retrograde direction in combination with quantitative light microscopic autoradiography. Grain distribution along the acinus appeared dependent on the perfusion direction. A rather shallow zone 1 to zone 3 gradient was observed if livers were perfused in the normal direction. However, a statistically significantly steeper zone 3 to zone 1 gradient was detected in retrograde perfusions. Kinetic analysis of perfusate clearance profiles yielded a hepatic clearance of 21.6 +/- 1.3 ml per min in antegradely perfused liver. Hepatic extraction was calculated to be 60.1 +/- 7.4%. Biliary secretion of radioactivity amounted to 1.89 +/- 0.18% of the dose within 1 hr after injection and consisted of intact material (1.39 +/- 0.25%) and radioactive low-molecular-weight degradation products (0.52 +/- 0.08%), of which more than 90% could be accounted for by 125I-. Apart from a minor difference regarding biliary secretion of an unidentified glycopeptide (less than 0.1% of the injected dose), transport data for the retrogradely perfused livers were identical to those obtained with livers perfused in antegrade direction, emphasizing the functional equivalence of both groups of livers. The autoradiographic data indicate that zone 3 hepatocytes take up 125I-asialoorosomucoid more avidly than zone 1 cells. The kinetic and biochemical data indicate that further processing in the hepatocytes is virtually similar in the two zones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Human Behavior
Authors: William E. Feeman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I should like to comment on the LETTER of McCrae (<b>216</b>:679,1971). It is true that man has certain basic inherited patterns of behavior that have come down to him from his subhuman animal ancestry. Evolutionary theory and the common observations of behavioral science confirm this. These basic behavioral patterns include self preservation, species preservation (sexual behavior), territory formation, and group formation with status-seeking behavior. Another basic pattern, according to Lorenz, is aggressive behavior. Analysis of these behavior patterns shows that the self and species preservation are at the roots of these patterns. In short, man's behavior is aimed at preserving himself and his species; everything else hangs on this. And, indeed, these two are not unrelated, since reproduction by fission can be viewed as a means of self-preservation. Very early in evolutionary history animals began to become diversified on the basis of number of offspring produced,
Recent advances in the quantitation of human fetal hemoglobins with different gamma chains
Authors: T. H. J. Huisman, J. B. Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Three types of γ chain of human hemoglobin (Hb) F have been discovered. The γ and A γ chains differ at position 136 (glycine in G γ; alanine in A γ) and are the products of nonallelic genes. The T γ chain is found in rather high frequency in certain world populations, and is characterized by a threonyl residue at position 75 replacing the commonly occurring isoleucyl residue. Convincing evidence is present that the T γ chain is the product of an allele of the A γ chain gene, and should be renamed A γ T chain. Thus, the three γ chains are G γ I , A γ I , and A γ T . Until recently, the presence and the quantity of these chains were determined by chemical analyses of the tryptic peptides of the isolated Hb F. These procedures involve chromatographic separations or fingerprinting methods. The introduction of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has greatly facilitated the separation of these peptides. Since minute quantities are required, the latter method is ideally suited for the identification of the Hb F produced in in vitro cell colonies. Electrophoretic and chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed which make it possible to separate the G γ and A γ chains in small amounts of Hb F (less than 0.5 mg). These procedures allow accurate quantitation of the G γ/ A γ ratio in the Hb F and may also be suitable for in vitro biosynthetic analyses. One of the HPLC procedures has been modified so that the three types of γ chain can be quantitated in one single chromatographic experiment. Examples of separations are provided, details of some of the methods are discussed, and their applicability illustrated.
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in Stroke
Authors: Cherdchai Nopmaneejumruslers, Yasuyuki Kaneko, Vlasta Hajek, Vera Zivanovic, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Central sleep apnea (CSA) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration have been reported in association with stroke, but their pathophysiologic correlates have not been well described.To test the hypotheses that (1) CSA in patients with stroke is associated with nocturnal hypocapnia and (2) in those stroke patients with CSA and with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, periodic breathing (PB) will have a Cheyne-Stokes respiration pattern in which cycle duration is greater than in those without LV systolic dysfunction.We prospectively performed polysomnography and echocardiography in 93 patients with stroke. CSA was defined as central apneas and hypopneas occurring at a rate of 10 or more per hour of sleep. In patients with CSA, we compared PB cycle duration between those with normal and impaired LV systolic function (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] > 40% and < or = 40%, respectively).CSA was found in 19% of subjects who had lower nocturnal transcutaneous PCO2 (39.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 42.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg, p = 0.015) and a higher prevalence of LVEF of 40% or less (22 vs. 5%, p = 0.043) than stroke patients without CSA. There was no significant difference in stroke location or type between the two groups. In patients with CSA, those with LVEF of 40% or less had a longer PB cycle than those with an LVEF of more than 40% (66.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 46.6 +/- 2.9 seconds, p = 0.006), but had no symptoms of heart failure.In patients with stroke, CSA is associated with hypocapnia and occult LV systolic dysfunction but is not related to the location or type of stroke. The presence of LV systolic dysfunction is associated with a Cheyne-Stokes pattern of hyperpnea.
More on compulsory registration of clinical trials: Complete clinical trial register is already reality for paediatrics
Authors: M Bonati, C Pandolfini
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In an effort to define the mechanism of the γ2b → γ2a subclass switch observed in cultured cells, a series of constant region mutants has been isolated in the cell line (45.6) derived from the MPC-11 tumor. The investigation was begun with 10-1, a spontaneous variant of 45.6 which synthesizes a 47,000 dalton heavy chain with a deletion in CH<sub>1</sub>. From 10-1, two types of secondary variant was synthesizing a 55,000 dalton heavy chain that was γ2a serologically. Five independent variants synthesizing 55,000 dalton γ2a heavy chain were isolated from 10-1. All five were of the same apparent m.w. and four, but not the fifth, had identical isoelectric focusing patterns. The second type of secondary variant isolated from 10-1 was synthesizing a heavy chain even smaller than the heavy chain of 10-1. Two different variants of this type, I17 and G251, synthesized heavy chains of approximately 35,000 and 40,000 daltons, respectively, which did not react with any subclass-specific antiserum. From I17 and G251 it was possible to isolate tertiary variants that synthesized γ2a heavy chains of either 47,000 daltons or 55,000 daltons m.w. The 55,000 dalton γ2a heavy chains exhibited many different isoelectric focusing patterns. Peptide map analysis of two 47,000 dalton and two 55,000 dalton γ2a tertiary variants showed no differences from the Fc of MOPC-173, a naturally occurring γ2a myeloma. However, a third 55,000 dalton γ2a variant synthesized a heavy chain with a Fc that was apparently not identical to that of MOPC-173. These experiments show that it is possible to isolate γ2b → γ2a subclass switch mutants from variants synthesizing short heavy chains. It is not possible to define unequivocally the mechanism of the subclass switch. However, it clearly does not result from the translocation of an intact V region to an intact constant region. The resulting data are, however, compatible with the γ2b → γ2a switch resulting from a recombination event between tandem genes on homologous chromosomes or chromatids.
EB or Not EB—That Is the Question
Authors: Stephen E. Straus
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most humans.<sup>1</sup>Nearly all infections of infants and children are asymptomatic, but about one third of infected adolescents and young adults develop acute infectious mononucleosis. A hallmark of that disease is the infiltration of blood and tissues with reactive T lymphocytes, denoting an exuberant, perhaps excessive, host response to the virus. In the setting of deficient immunity, acute EBV infections may present as aggressive, and even fatal, B-cell proliferative disorders.<sup>2</sup> Whatever the clinical outcome of the initial exposure to EBV, it is certain that this herpesvirus persists for life in salivary glands and B lymphocytes. In a sense, these reservoirs of latent virus constitute a barometer of immune competence. The ability of EBV to reactivate, as reflected by rates of virus shedding in the saliva and levels of antibodies to EBV antigens, depends inversely on the integrity of the cellular immune system.
Weight, Mass, and Pedantry
Authors: FREDDY EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 April 1977Weight, Mass, and PedantryFREDDY EPSTEIN, M.D.FREDDY EPSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-510_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are obliged to this journal for its recent unsolicited testimonial to the elegance and utility of the metric system. Unsolicited, for one fails to see why Mr. Raichlen's unfortunate diction (Ann Intern Med85:827, 1976) transported the editor to such an excess of advocacy for metrication. "Lean body mass" is preferred; nevertheless, one is still obliged to come to grips with both notions, inertial mass and gravitational force (weight), whether they present themselves in the metric, Gaussian, or English engineering systems-cast, respectively, in kilograms and newtons, grams and dynes, or slugs and pounds. There is no...References1. BURCH G and WINSOR T: A Primer of Electrocardiography, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1972 Google Scholar2. MARQUEZ G: One Hundred Years of Solitude. New York, Harper and Row, 1967 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FREDDY EPSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: 1050 Park Avenue New York, NY 10028 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 510-511KeywordsBody weightHand strength ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...