tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Precision of biological standardization of allergenic preparations
Authors: S. Dreborg
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Biological standardization (BS) aims at equilibration of the activity of allergen preparations from different types of allergen source materials. The biological unit (BU), proposed in the Nordic guidelines for 20 patients, has been found reproducible among different countries in Europe, but to be relatively imprecise, with a 95% confidence interval of about that power of 10. A more precise estimate of the biological activity of allergens or difference in sensitivity between populations would be of value. We used C h , i.e. the concentration of allergen eliciting a what of the same size as histamine in the individual patient, estimated by regression line analysis. The C h , of 36 patients included in a BS trial was used. One of the 36 C h , ‐values was drawn randomly, and then sent back to the sample. This procedure was repeated 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 times to create “samples” of different sizes. Ten samples of each size were produced. With 60 “individuals”, the 95% confidence interval of the sample and the confidence interval of the medians were reduced to less than a factor of 2, i.e. to 74 to 128% of the median of the medians.
MALFORMATION OF THE FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS, RESULTING FROM ARREST OF DEVELOPMENT.
Authors: B. BERNARD BROWNE
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, American Medical Association, May, 1884. We learn the functions of an organ, not only by observing the part it performs when present in the system, but also by noting the consequences of its absence. The cases which we will consider render it evident that the excitement and increased vitality of the sexual organs by which menstruation is preceded are not dependent, as was once supposed, upon any congestion or distension of the vessels of the uterus, or upon any other change in the condition of that organ. They also show us that the peculiar external characteristics of the female form, and the possession of sexual sensibility, are not all owing to the uterus, and are in no way connected with its presence or development. Indeed there can be no doubt that the often quoted aphorism of Van Helmont—propter solum uterum
Abstract LB-83: Reduced expression of DRAM2 in tumor cells interferes with both apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Junsoo Park, Eun-Ju Lee, Ik-Soon Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis remains controversial, recent reports support the notion that inhibition of autophagy promotes tumor formation. Damage-regulated autophagy regulator (DRAM) has been identified as an effector molecule that is critical for p53-mediated apoptosis, and we investigated whether there might be other DRAM-like molecules linking autophagy and apoptosis. In this study, we cloned a novel DRAM-homologous protein, DRAM2, and showed that the expression of DRAM2 is down-regulated in ovarian tumors. DRAM2 is mainly localized in the lysosome, and co-localizes with DRAM. While expression of DRAM or DRAM2 individually did not induce cell death, co-expression of DRAM2 with DRAM significantly induced cell death, while the silencing of endogenous DRAM2 attenuated cell death. In addition, overexpression of DRAM2 induces cytoplasmic GFP-LC3 punctuates, and increases the level of endogenous LC3-II. Moreover, the silencing of endogenous DRAM2 interferes with starvation-induced autophagy. Thus, we propose that DRAM2 as well as DRAM is involved in both apoptosis and autophagy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-83. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-83
Aptamers directed to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase display greater efficacy over small hairpin RNAs targeted to viral RNA in blocking HIV-1 replication
Authors: Pheroze J. Joshi, Thomas W. North, Vinayaka R. Prasad
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

RNA molecules can be powerful inhibitors of HIV-1 replication. To determine the relative efficacy of siRNAs and RNA aptamers, a direct comparison of three anti-HIV reverse transcriptase aptamers and three shRNAs targeted to HIV-1R3b was made. U6 promoter-driven anti-HIV genes were delivered into CEMx174 cells via a retroviral vector, and transduced cells were sorted out via green fluorescent protein function and challenged with HIV. The results show that, at low virus input, shRNAs can block HIV as efficiently as aptamers. When expressed in target cells, both classes of inhibitors blocked early events of reverse transcription, suggesting they are both able to access intracellular reverse transcription complexes. However, at higher multiplicities of infection (m.o.i. of 50), while the aptamers could efficiently inhibit HIV replication, shRNAs did not. RNase protection assays indicated similar steady-state levels or nucleocytoplasmic distribution showing that the differential efficacy was not a reflection of intracellular concentration. The higher potency of anti-RT aptamers could be due to their ability to inhibit two successive rounds of reverse transcription owing to their unique ability to be encapsidated into virion particles. Furthermore, anti-RT aptamers expressed in T cells afforded protection against high-dose infection by chimeric RT-SHIV viruses.
Association of Combinations of Lipid Parameters With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Calcium in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Authors: Pathmaja Paramsothy, Robert H. Knopp, Alain G. Bertoni, Roger S. Blumenthal, Bruce A. Wasserman, Michael Y. Tsai, Tessa Rue, Nathan D. Wong, Susan R. Heckbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: C. Michael Fored, Elisabeth Ejerblad, Per Lindblad, Jon P. Fryzek, Paul W. Dickman, Lisa B. Signorello, Loren Lipworth, Carl-Gustaf Elinder, William J. Blot, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Matthew M. Zack, Olof Nyrén
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between heavy consumption of nonnarcotic analgesics and the occurrence of chronic renal failure, but it is unclear which is the cause and which is the effect.
Pancreatitis may occur with a normal amylase concentration in hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: P. Sharma, S. Lim, D. James, R. T Orchard, M. Horne, C. A Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Johan Hedstrom and colleagues report that the trypsin 2-(alpha)1 antitrypsin complex is a diagnostic marker of pancreatitis.1 This reminds us of a diagnostic problem that arose when only the serum amylase concentration was considered in a patient with severe abdominal pain.

A 39 year old Muslim man presented with severe generalised abdominal pain. The surgical team concluded that his amylase concentration (57 IU/l; normal 0–90 IU/l) excluded acute pancreatitis. He had non-insulin dependent diabetes, smoked 20 cigarettes a day, and rarely drank alcohol. He had bilateral supraorbital xanthelasmas …
Plasma Renin Activity and Blood Pressure in 89 Patients Receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis Therapy
Authors: P. W. Craswell, V. M. Hird, P. A. Judd, R. A. Baillod, Z. Varghese, J. F. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, dietary sodium intake, and duration of dialysis have been measured under standard conditions in 89 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. No significant relation was found between plasma renin activity and blood pressure. Statistically significant correlations were found between plasma renin activity and plasma sodium concentration and between plasma renin activity and dietary sodium intake.Only one patient was found to have uncontrollable hypertension associated with a markedly raised plasma renin activity. Reasons are given for not performing bilateral nephrectomy in this patient. We believe the low incidence of uncontrollable hypertension and hyperreninaemia in our patients to be due to their slow introduction to haemodialysis, thus preventing violent swings in body weight, blood pressure, and renin secretion.Although plasma renin activity did fall with duration of dialysis, all 15 patients who have been on maintenance dialysis for longer than five years have normal levels.
Treatment of Anovulation With Menotropins
Authors: Edward T. Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Menotropins (human menopausal gonadotropin) was used in the treatment of infertility in a group of 236 patients. Ovulation was frequently accomplished when this hormonal preparation was used in instances where prior use of clomiphene citrate alone had failed. Forty-two pregnancies occurred during treatment, an incidence of 17%, which is lower than the unpublished totals for all investigators, in which the incidence is 24%. The lower figure may be related to the nature of the patients in this series, many of whom had very poor prognoses, and the occurrence of a number of these pregnancies might be considered quite remarkable. For this reason, the use of menotropins in certain patients with infertility may be justified despite the high incidence of multiple births and the great care with which menotropins must be used to avoid severe untoward reactions.
Aschoff bodies in operatively excised atrial appendages and in papillary muscles. Frequency and clinical significance.
Authors: R Virmani, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Among 481 patients undergoing various mitral valve operations, Aschoff bodies were found in 40 (21%) of 191 operatively excised left atrial appendages, in four (2%) of 273 operatively excised left ventricular papillary muscles (1 per patient), and in one (6%) of 17 patients with both left atrial appendage and papillary muscle operatively excised. Of the total of 45 patients with Aschoff bodies, 44 preoperatively had mitral stenosis, and only one, a 10-year-old boy, had pure mitral regurgitation. Sinus rhythm was present in 38 (84%), and atrial fibrillation in seven (16%). Perioperatively, only one of the 45 patients with Aschoff bodies had clinical or laboratory stigmata compatible with acute rhematic fever, and 58% had an illness compatible with acute rheumatic fever at any time.
Evaluation of an intranasal house dust mite provocation model as a tool in clinical research
Authors: N. B. Oldenbeuving, A. KleinJan, P. G. Mulder, P. Lumley, E. J. J. de Groot, C. M. van Drunen, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: As a result of the all‐year‐round exposure to house dust mite (HDM), perennial rhinitis patients never have a clear symptom‐free period. In this study, we investigated whether, despite these symptoms, we can still use nasal HDM provocations to study perennial allergic rhinitis and the effects of treatment. Methods: In a parallel‐group study, after 1 week treatment with either fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) or placebo, 20 patients, allergic to HDM, registered symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, pruritus and eye symptoms) using three different scoring methods [Lebel, categorical and visual analogue scale (VAS)] and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) after HDM provocations. Provocations were performed with 1000 biological units/ml and 24 h later with 10 000 biological units/ml of HDM. Before and after the provocations, nasal mucosa biopsies were taken for immunohistochemical staining to determine the number of eosinophils. Results: House dust mite provocations resulted in an increase in symptoms and a decrease in PNIF. Even at high‐dose provocation, the FPANS group registered significantly lower symptoms than the placebo group for nasal blockage, sneezing, eye symptoms, and PNIF in both early and late phases. FPANS also suppressed rhinorrhoea during the late phase and the influx of eosinophils in the lamina propria. Conclusion: Despite the high background of symptoms, allergic responses can be induced in this perennial rhinitis model. The VAS score seems most suited to detect these changes and the suppression of symptoms by 7 days of FPANS treatment. Epithelial eosinophilia at baseline was correlated positively with the severity of the reaction after the first provocation.
Use of a Low-Literacy Patient Education Tool to Enhance Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates
Authors: Terry A. Jacobson, Donna M. Thomas, Felicia James Morton, Gardiner Offutt, Jennifer Shevlin, Susan Ray
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Pneumococcal immunization rates for elderly and high-risk patients are only one third to one half the target rate of 60% established by the US Public Health Service. Limited or marginal literacy, which affects nearly 100 million Americans, especially the elderly, may contribute to these low rates of immunization.To determine whether the use of a simple, low-literacy educational tool enhances patient-physician dialogue about pneumococcal vaccination and increases rates of immunization.A randomized controlled trial conducted between May and June of 1998.Ambulatory care clinic of a 900-bed public teaching hospital serving a predominantly indigent, low-literate, African American, inner-city population.Of 433 patients who presented for routine primary care, had vaccine indications (age > or =65 years or chronic disease), and had not been previously vaccinated, 221 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 212 to the control group. Of the total patient population (mean age, 63 years), 280 (64.7%) had less than a high school education, 401 (92.6%) were African American, and 300 (69.3%) were female.One-page, low-literacy (below fifth-grade level) educational handout encouraging patients to "ask your doctor about the pneumonia shot" vs a control group (1 -page, low-literacy educational handout conveying information about nutrition).Vaccination rates (documented by chart audit) of patients who received pneumococcal vaccination and rates of patients who self-reported having discussed vaccination with their physicians.Patients in the intervention group were 4 times more likely to have discussed the pneumococcal vaccine with their physicians than patients in the control group (87/221 [39.4%] vs 21/212 [9.9%]; relative risk [RR], 3.97 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.71-5.83]), and were more than 5 times as likely to have received the pneumococcal vaccine than the control group (44/221 [19.9%] vs 8/212 [3.8%]; RR, 5.28 [95% CI, 2.80-9.93]). In a multivariate analysis controlling for race, sex, education, insurance status, age, level of physician training, health status, and vaccine indication, only assignment to the intervention group was statistically significantly related to the probability of being immunized or discussing the issue with their physicians (P<.001 for both trends).A simple, low-literacy educational tool increased pneumococcal vaccination rates and patient-physician discussions about the vaccine in an elderly, low-literate, indigent, minority population.
Case 4-2005: Sodium Stibogluconate for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Joshua D. Hartzell, Naomi Aronson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: In Case 4-2005 (Feb. 10 issue),1 a discussant states that sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam, GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom) is available in the United States only from the Centers f...
Indomethacin and the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: IAN BOISKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1987Indomethacin and the Nephrotic SyndromeIAN BOISKIN, M.D., ALAN SAVEN, M.D., MARIA MENDEZ, M.D., RASIB M. RAJA, M.D.IAN BOISKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN SAVEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARIA MENDEZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RASIB M. RAJA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-776_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Nephrotic syndrome is a well-recognized complication of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent use. Invariably, the syndrome is accompanied by interstitial nephritis and renal dysfunction (1). Tolmetin (2) and sulinac (3) have been implicated in isolated case reports as causing nephrotic range proteinuria with minimal change in nephropathy, unassociated with acute renal failure. We report a case of reversible nephrotic syndrome without accompanying azotemia with indomethacin.A 61-year-old black man was admitted with progressive swelling of his legs. During the preceding 4 months, he had been given indomethacin, 50 mg three times daily, for right shoulder bursitis. His blood pressure...References1. CLIVE D and STOFF J. Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:563-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FEINFELD D, OLESNICKY L, PIRANI C, and APPEL C. Nephrotic syndrome associated with use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nephron. 1984;37:174-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LOMVARDIAS S, PINN V, WADHWA M, KOSLY K, and HELLER M. Nephrotic syndrome associated with sulindac. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:424. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: IAN BOISKIN, M.D.; ALAN SAVEN, M.D.; MARIA MENDEZ, M.D.; RASIB M. RAJA, M.D.Affiliations: Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, PA 19141 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrugs and the KidneyAnti-inflammatory analgesics and drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis and gout 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 776-777KeywordsAcute renal failureBlood pressureInflammationNephritisNSAIDsProteinuriaShoulders ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Significance of Solitary Rib Hot Spots on Bone Scans in Patients with Extraskeletal Cancer
Authors: PEI-SHAN WU, NAN-TSING CHIU, BI-FANG LEE, WEI-JEN YAO, HELEN H. W. CHEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Bone scans showing solitary hot spots in the ribs pose diagnostic problems in patients with proved extraskeletal cancers. The authors wanted to determine the importance of solitary rib lesions and their correlation with other clinical manifestations.The study included 199 patients with solitary rib hot spots on their bone scans. The follow-up radiographic and scintigraphic images were reviewed to determine their origin. The correlation between the occurrence of a malignant rib lesion and clinical data were determined using Pearson chi-square tests.Ninety-three patients had an established cause of the rib hot spot. Eleven (11.8%) had a solitary malignant rib hot spot and 82 (88.2%) had a solitary benign rib hot spot. None of the hot spots at costochondral junctions were malignant. Of the 11 patients with proved metastatic rib hot spots, 1 of 11 (9.1%) had localized bone pain, 5 of 6 (83.3%) were concordant with primary tumors, 4 of 7 (57.1%) had elevated tumor markers, and 5 of 11 (45.5%) had concurrent extraskeletal metastases. For the 82 patients with benign rib hot spots, the figures were 2 of 82 (2.4%), 43 of 57 (75.4%), 26 of 69 (37.7%), and 19 of 82 (23.2%), respectively. Statistical analysis did not show a significant correlation between the incidence of metastases in solitary rib hot spots and clinical manifestations.Most solitary rib hot spots on bone scans were benign. The interpretation of a solitary hot spot in the ribs is difficult even with the help of these clinical manifestations. Follow-up bone scintigrams or radiographs are needed for further investigation of solitary rib hot spots.
Double blind trial of repeated treatment with transdermal nicotine for relapsed smokers
Authors: S. G Gourlay, A. Forbes, T. Marriner, D. Pethica, J. J McNeil
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To assess the efficacy and safety of a repeat course of treatment with transdermal nicotine for cessation of smoking in a brief intervention setting. <b>Study design</b> : Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with follow up for 26 weeks. <b>Subjects</b> : 629 smokers who had unsuccessfully attempted to stop smoking by using active transdermal nicotine and brief behavioural counselling. Smokers were motivated to quit smoking for a second time and smoked &gt;/=15 cigarettes a day. <b>Interventions</b> : Twelve weeks9 treatment with active transdermal nicotine patches or placebo and brief counselling at monthly visits. <b>Main outcome measure</b>&gt; : Sustained smoking cessation for the 28 days before the visit at week 12 verified by expired carbon monoxide concentrations. <b>Results</b> : At 12 weeks 21/315 (6.7%) subjects allocated to active treatment had stopped smoking compared with 6/314 (1.9%) allocated to placebo (absolute difference 4.7%; 95% confidence interval 1.6% to 7.9%; P=0.003). At 26 weeks the rates were 20/315 (6.4%) and 8/314 (2.6%) (3.8%; 0.6% to 7.0%; P=0.021). Difficulty in sleeping was reported by 43/179 (24.0%) on active treatment and 19/143 (13.3%) on placebo (P=0.015). Severe reactions at the site of application were rare (6/322; 1.9%). <b>Conclusions</b> : Repeated treatment with transdermal nicotine together with brief counselling can improve the low success rates of smoking cessation in recently relapsed, moderate to heavy smokers. Questions remain about whether more intensive interventions or higher doses of nicotine could be more effective. The likelihood of severe reactions at the site of application with repeated treatment is low.
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type and secondary cutaneous involvement by testicular B-cell lymphoma share identical clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features
Authors: Cristina Muniesa, Ramon M. Pujol, M. Teresa Estrach, Fernando Gallardo, M. Pilar García-Muret, Josefina Climent, Antonio Salar, Octavio Servitje
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Neurogenetics: Principles and Practice
Authors: Fred A. Ziter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Information is accumulating so rapidly in the field of neurogenetics that practitioners may feel overwhelmed and unable to grasp the practical applications of these new discoveries. Several textbooks have emerged that attempt to bridge the gap between basic science and technology and clinical practice. Rosenberg's text is the most recent effort to bring a clinical overview to the broad and complex field of neurogenetics. The book is divided into two sections. The first five chapters describe many of the principles of genetics and review the technological advances that are reshaping the field. An excellent chapter on molecular genetics describes recombinant DNA techniques and reviews the principles of linkage and application of various DNA probes. This first section of the book is informative and contains the kind of basic information one needs to begin to understand modern genetics. The second section, making up over two thirds of the book, deals with