tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FLAVINE IN GENERAL SURGERY
Authors: W. J. Sheehan
Journal: BMJ (1930)

There is still muclh to be learnt about all abnoriialities of carbohydrate nietabolism, and particularly about those asso- ciated witlh ani ullusually low blood -sugar level, but opportunities for investig.ationare by no means rare, as the nunuber of cases I have met with in a comparatively short period indicates.I hope this paper miiay be the means of directing the attention of others to what is, I believe, a matter of considerable clinical importance.REFERENs.
Two receptor systems are involved in the plasma clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in vivo.
Authors: M Narita, G Bu, J Herz, A L Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a serine protease, catalyzing the initial step in the fibrinolytic process. Intravenously administered t-PA is rapidly cleared from the circulation by the liver. Two distinct clearance mechanisms, which are mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) on liver parenchymal cells and by the mannose receptor on liver endothelial cells, have been described. Using competitors and inhibitors of the receptors, we investigated the role of LRP and carbohydrate receptors in t-PA clearance in vivo. To inhibit LRP, the 39-kD protein, which is a potent inhibitor of LRP activity, was overexpressed in the liver of mice using an adenoviral gene transfer technique. Expression of the 39-kD protein resulted in a sustained plasma concentration and an increase in the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA from less than 1 min to 4-5 min. Blockade of the mannose receptor by intravenous administration of ovalbumin also prolonged the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA to 3-4 min. The same degree of inhibition of t-PA clearance was also observed after administration of an inhibitor of the fucose receptor, fucosyl-BSA. However, under the conditions established for the complete blockade of the mannose receptor, no additional inhibition of t-PA clearance was observed using fucosyl-BSA, suggesting little or no role for the fucose receptor in the clearance of t-PA. Furthermore, a dramatic increase of the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA (>> 20 min) was observed in mice overexpressing 39-kD protein and administered ovalbumin +/- fucosyl-BSA. Our results clearly demonstrate that two independent receptor systems, LRP and the mannose receptor, are involved in the hepatic clearance of t-PA.
APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases in Double-Strand DNA Break Repair and Cancer Promotion
Authors: Roni Nowarski, Moshe Kotler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

High frequency of cytidine to thymidine conversions was identified in the genome of several types of cancer cells. In breast cancer cells, these mutations are clustered in long DNA regions associated with single-strand DNA (ssDNA), double-strand DNA breaks (DSB), and genomic rearrangements. The observed mutational pattern resembles the deamination signature of cytidine to uridine carried out by members of the APOBEC3 family of cellular deaminases. Consistently, APOBEC3B (A3B) was recently identified as the mutational source in breast cancer cells. A3G is another member of the cytidine deaminases family predominantly expressed in lymphoma cells, where it is involved in mutational DSB repair following ionizing radiation treatments. This activity provides us with a new paradigm for cancer cell survival and tumor promotion and a mechanistic link between ssDNA, DSBs, and clustered mutations. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3494-8. ©2013 AACR.
Population prevalence and symptom associations of autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Julia L. Newton, Mark Hudson, Phaedra Tachtatzis, Kathryn Sutcliffe, Jessie Pairman, Jennifer A. Burt, David E. J. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) frequently experience significant fatigue thought to result from as-yet-unidentified central nervous system (CNS)-mediated processes. Pilot studies have suggested that autonomic dysfunction is a frequent occurrence in PBC and may contribute to the pathogenesis of this fatigue. The degree to which autonomic dysfunction affects the PBC population as a whole, and its interrelationship with other symptoms experienced by PBC patients remains unstudied. In this study, we used a geographically defined, fully representative PBC patient cohort to study the prevalence of symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and its relationship with other symptoms of PBC. Symptoms of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (as assessed using the Orthostatic Grading Scale [OGS]) were significantly more frequently reported and significantly more severe in PBC patients than in both matched normal controls (40% versus 6% with moderate or worse orthostasis ( P &lt; .0001), mean OGS score 3.2 ± 3.4 versus 1.3 ± 1.9, P &lt; .005) and in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and in severity were independently associated with severity of fatigue and cognitive symptoms (both r 2 = 0.3, P &lt; .0001). Thirteen of 20 patients with an OGS value &gt; 4 (moderate severity and worse) had significant abnormality in autonomic regulation of blood pressure, which was identified on dynamic testing. Conclusion: Symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction frequently occur in PBC patients and reflect dysregulation of actual blood pressure. Autonomic dysfunction is independently associated with both fatigue and, importantly, symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, suggesting the potential for significant organic sequelae. (Hepatology 2007;45:1496–1505.)
Cardiac Manifestations During a Coxsackie B5 Epidemic
Authors: M. Helin, J. Savola, K. Lapinleimu
Journal: BMJ (1968)

During a widespread Coxsackie B5 epidemic which occurred in Finland in the autumn of 1965 18 patients with acute myopericarditis were admitted to Kuopio Central Hospital (530 beds, representing a hospital district with 270,000 inhabitants) within a period of three months.The mean age of these patients was 28 years. Twelve were males and six were females.In 12 cases Coxsackie B5 virus and in one case Coxsackie A9 virus were isolated from the faeces. A significant increase in neutralizing antibodies or high antibody titres (>/=1:128) were noted in 16 cases against Coxsackie B5 and in one case against Coxsackie A9. In two cases the cause of the myopericarditis remained obscure.All the patients had fever. Six showed all classical criteria of pericarditis: chest pain, pericardial rub, E.C.G. changes, and radiologically observable enlargement of the heart. As regards the various criteria, E.C.G. changes were found in all cases. Signs of cardiac tamponade were observed in one patient. Five, in addition, showed aseptic meningitis.All the patients recovered. Twelve were re-examined at an average of seven months after discharge from hospital. All were symptom-free except one, who still showed E.C.G. changes.
Deregulating the Health Care Industry: Planning for Competition
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In his introduction, Clark Havighurst points out that this book began in 1977 as a study of health planning and certificate-of-need laws. As is often the case, events moved more rapidly than the research, and the 1979 amendments to the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act incorporated many of the ideas the book was to propose. The policy change was not by happenstance because Havighurst has been an active advocate of increased competition in the medical care market. With his initial objective achieved before even finishing the book, Havighurst restructured the work as a guide to implementing increased competition—at least in part through a redirected regulatory emphasis. Havighurst is a firm believer in competitive markets, but he views them from a lawyer's, rather than an economist's, perspective. Whereas many of the policy analysts in medical care have been economists who assume that competitive markets and cost containment will result
Distress Over the Noneffect of Stress-Reply
Authors: Jeffrey A. Cutler
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our article on the TOHP Phase I results elicited contrasting reactions regarding the lack of an effect of stress management on blood pressure. Dr David appears not to be surprised by the outcome, and speculates that we were intervening too late in the natural history, after the effects of chronic stress become self-sustaining. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that mediate stress-related elevations of blood pressure are poorly understood, and the role of episodic, stress-related elevations of blood pressure (cardiovascular reactivity) in the development of sustained hypertension remains unresolved.<sup>1</sup>Also, this interpretation is somewhat at variance with results of a meta-analysis that suggested a benefit for diastolic blood pressure in already hypertensive individuals.<sup>2</sup>David's prediction about lack of an effect of the TOHP intervention on catecholamine and cortisol excretion is borne out by preliminary analyses, although whether this represents swamping of chronic effects by acute stresses is unclear. Dr
Photosensitivity and acute liver injury in myeloproliferative disorder secondary to late-onset protoporphyria caused by deletion of a ferrochelatase gene in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Richard G. Goodwin, W. Jonathan Kell, Peter Laidler, C. Colin Long, Sharon D. Whatley, Mark McKinley, Michael N. Badminton, Alan K. Burnett, Geraint T. Williams, George H. Elder
Journal: Blood (2005)
Bone Health in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Robert B. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1823: A Nursing Intervention Increases Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs About Response to Acute Coronary Syndrome in People with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Sharon McKinley, Lynn V Doering, Hendrika Meischke, Debra K K Moser, Brabara Riegel, Leanne M Aitken, Tom Buckley, Andrea Marshall, Michele Pelter, Kathleen Dracup
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The largest contributor to delayed receipt of reperfusion therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is patient delay in recognizing symptoms and seeking treatment. Objectives: We tested the effect of an education and counseling intervention designed to reduce patient delay on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACS symptoms and the response to symptoms. Methods: We conducted a 2-group randomized controlled trial in 3,522 people with coronary heart disease (CHD). The intervention group (n=1777) received a one-on-one education and counseling session from a cardiovascular nurse that addressed informational, emotional, and social responses associated with onset of ACS symptoms, followed by a telephone call at one month. The control group (n=1745) received usual care. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs were measured at baseline and 3 and 12 months using the ACS Response Index. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess differences in outcomes over time. Results: Patients were 67±11 years old; 67% were male and 45% had history of AMI. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs scores increased significantly from baseline in the intervention group compared to the control group at 3 months and remained higher at 12 months (Table ). C onclusion: A relatively short one-on-one education and counseling intervention significantly increased knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACS and response to ACS symptoms, sustained to 12 months following the intervention. The results of the study suggest that individualized education for those at high risk of ACS is effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs required to make an appropriate decision about seeking care for ACS. Table. Mean scores for knowledge, attitudes and beliefs by group over time
Various applications of endoscopic scissors in difficult endoscopic interventions
Authors: Won-Ju Kee, Chang-Hwan Park, Kyoung-Myeun Chung, Seon-Young Park, Chung-Hwan Jun, Ho-seok Ki, Hyun-Soo Kim, Sung-Kyu Choi, Jong-Sun Rew
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic scissors offer a benefit over other devices by avoiding potential complications related to thermal and mechanical injury of surrounding structures. We describe our experience with endoscopic scissors in three difficult endoscopic interventions. A fishbone embedded in the esophageal wall penetrated very close to the pulsating aorta and the bronchus. The fishbone was cut in half by endoscopic scissors and removed without injury to adjacent organs. A gastric submucosal tumor with an insulated core that could not be resected by electrosurgical devices was cut using endoscopic scissors following endoloop placement. Extravascular coil migration after transcatheter arterial embolization resulted in a duodenal ulcer. The metallic coil on the duodenal ulcer was cut by endoscopic scissors without mechanical or thermal injury.
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(11;19)(q23;p13.3)/ MLL‐MLLT1(ENL), B/T‐lymphoid type: A first case report
Authors: Mojdeh Naghashpour, Jeffrey Lancet, Lynn Moscinski, Ling Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The majority of cases of acute leukemia belong to a specific lineage origin, either lymphoid or myeloid, and therefore are classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), based on morphologic features and cytochemical and immunophenotypic profile of the blast cells. A minority of acute leukemias however, show no clear evidence of differentiation along a single lineage. These are now classified under acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage by the most recent WHO classification and account for <4% of all cases of acute leukemia [1]. They include leukemias with no lineage specific antigens (acute undifferentiated leukemias) and those with blasts that express antigens of more than one lineage to such degree that it is not possible to assign the leukemia to any one particular lineage with certainty (mixed phenotype acute leukemias). The latter can either be leukemias with two distinct populations of blasts, each expressing antigens of a different lineage (historically referred to as "bilineal" leukemias) or a single blast population expressing antigens of multiple lineages (historically referred to as "biphenotypic" acute leukemias) [2]. Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage may harbor a variety of genetic lesions. Those with t(9;22)(q34;q11) or translocations associated with mixed lineage leukemias (MLL) gene, i.e., t(11;V)(q23;V), occur frequently enough and are associated with distinct features, that are considered as separate entities according to the recent WHO classification. Co-expression of myeloid and B-lymphoid antigens is most common in mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), followed by co-expression of myeloid and T-lymphoid antigens, accounting for 66-70% and 23-24% of MLLs, respectively. Coexpression of B- and T-lineage associated antigens or antigens of all three lineages is exceedingly rare, accounting for <5% of MLLs [3,4]. The requirements for assigning more than one lineage to a single blast population has been established by current WHO classification [1].
Science, Ethics, and the Making of Clinical Decisions
Authors: Lachlan Forrow, Steven A. Wartman, Dan W. Brock
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Recent improvements in the clinical care of individual patients are rooted in advances in two distinct fields of modern medicine: biomedical research and clinical ethics. In this article, we review the differing roles of these two disciplines in guiding decision making for individual patients. Particular attention is placed on decisions involving risk factor intervention, using the common problem of mild hypertension as an illustration. Both the importance and the limitations for decision making of some recently published clinical trials are reviewed. Differences in interpretation of these trials are a source of major disputes about the proper threshold for medical intervention. The ethical aspects of treatment decisions are then reviewed, with particular emphasis on the doctrine of informed consent and on the role of patient participation in treatment decisions. Finally, new directions for clinical research are suggested that may yield a more complete scientific basis for treatment decisions and that may aid in fulfilling the ethical ideals that underlie the physician-patient relationship.The scientific basis of treatment decisions is analyzed, using controversies about the treatment of mild hypertension to illustrate both the importance and limitations of using data obtained from clinical trials to guide decisions involving risk factor intervention. The ethical aspects of treatment decisions are then considered, with emphasis on the role of patient participation in treatment decisions. It is recommended that, to improve the ability of clinical medicine to apply successfully and ethically the fruits of medical science, further research must be undertaken to understand the full effects of medical diagnoses and treatments; what physicians understand about the risks and benefits of treatment; what patients expect when they consent to the manipulation of risk factors; and how collaborative decision making between physician and patient can be improved.
Comparison of chemosensory function and psychological profile in patients with idiopathic environmental intolerances (IEI)/multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), odorant sensitive and insensitive controls*1
Authors: D. Papo, B. Eberlein-Koenig, H. Berresheim, J. Huss-Marp, V. Grimm, J. Walkowiak, U. Kraemer, J. Ring, G. Winneke, H. Behrendt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
The BRAF V600E mutation in hairy cell leukemia and other mature B-cell neoplasms
Authors: Luca Arcaini, Silvia Zibellini, Emanuela Boveri, Roberta Riboni, Sara Rattotti, Marzia Varettoni, Maria Luisa Guerrera, Marco Lucioni, Annamaria Tenore, Michele Merli, Silvia Rizzi, Lucia Morello, Chiara Cavalloni, Matteo C. Da Vià, Marco Paulli, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2011)
Control of localized cancer. Combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery
Authors: B. Felson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IT HAS been estimated that at least 60,000 patients die each year from our inability to control cancer while it is still localized at or near its site of origin.<sup>1</sup>This disappointing failure to control local cancer with surgery alone, or with radiation therapy alone, has led to many clinical trials that combine these two modalities. In their search for optimum sequencing and technique, proponents of combined forms of therapy have been acutely aware of the fact that halftreatment with radiotherapy and half-treatment with surgery can rarely be combined to produce control rates equal to the more radical application of either method alone. Because of this fact, it is understood that the combination of the two methods usually calls for high-dose radiotherapy and a surgical procedure not too different from that recommended if no radiotherapy has been given. <h3>Rationale of Combined Radiation Therapy and Surgery</h3> There are a variety
Selective Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy in Women With Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea
Authors: Kalmon D. Post, Bruce J. Biller, Lester S. Adelman, Mark E. Molitch, Samuel M. Wolpert, Seymour Reichlin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Thirty women with prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas underwent selective adenomectomy via a transsphenoidal route. All had abnormal sella polytomes or visual fields, amenorrhea with low basal serum gonadotropin levels despite decreased serum estradiol concentrations, and elevated basal serum PRL levels with blunted PRL response to neuroendocrine stimulation tests )thyrotropin-releasing hormone, levodopa, chlorpromazine, and hypoglycemia). Of 17 patients with microadenomas, 14 (82.4%) were cured and three (17.6%) improved. None were unchanged or worse. Three (60%) of five patients with larger, but still intrasellar tumors, had normalization of PRL levels, return of menses, and resolution of galactorrhea. The patients with tumors extending out of the sella did not fare as well. Overall, 21 (70%) were cured, six (20%) improved, two (6.7%) were unchanged, and the condition of one (3.3%) became worse. All preoperative neurologic deficits resolved. Postoperative complications were minimal with no neurologic morbidity. When tumors are small, surgical results are excellent with minimal risk.
Arsenic alters the function of the glucocorticoid receptor as a transcription factor.
Authors: R C Kaltreider, A M Davis, J P Lariviere, J W Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Chronic human exposure to nonovertly toxic doses of arsenic is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Although its carcinogenic mechanism is still unknown, arsenic does not directly cause DNA damage or mutations and is therefore thought to act principally as a co-mutagen, co-carcinogen, and/or tumor promoter. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that effects of low-dose arsenic (III) (arsenite) on expression of the hormone-regulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene were strongly associated with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated regulatory pathway. We therefore examined specifically the effects of arsenite on the biochemical function of GR in hormone-responsive H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Completely noncytotoxic arsenite treatments (0.3-3.3 microM) significantly decreased dexamethasone-induced expression of transiently transfected luciferase constructs containing either an intact hormone-responsive promoter from the mammalian PEPCK gene or two tandem glucocorticoid response elements (GRE). Western blotting and confocal microscopy of a green fluorescent protein-tagged-GR fusion protein demonstrated that arsenite pretreatment did not block the normal dexamethasone-induced nuclear translocation of GR. These data indicate that nontoxic doses of arsenite can interact directly with GR complexes and selectively inhibit GR-mediated transcription, which is associated with altered nuclear function rather than a decrease in hormone-induced GR activation or nuclear translocation.
Gaining and Losing Weight in Athletics
Authors: Nathan J. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Participants in many sports, such as wrestling, gymnastics, and lightweight crew, attempt to reduce body weight to achieve a maximum ratio of muscle strength to body weight. Such weight reduction should result only from reduction in excess body fat. In most instances, weight reduction should be achieved at a rate of no more than 1 kg a week, through a modest reduction in diet and a moderate increase in exercise. More rapid weight reduction by starvation and dehydration compromises strength and endurance. Athletes attempting to gain weight should increase weight as muscle mass, not fat. Muscle mass is increased only through muscle work supported by an appropriate increase in food intake. No food, vitamin, drug, or hormone will increase muscle mass. It is recommended that the high caloric diet required to support muscle growth from increased work should be low in animal fats and cholesterol. (<i>JAMA</i>236:149-151, 1976)