tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2958: Perindopril Reduces Large Artery Stiffness and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter in Patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Anna A Ahimastos, Anuradha Aggarwal, Kellie D’Orsa, Melissa Formosa, Anthony White, Ravi Savarirayan, Anthony Dart, Bronwyn Kingwell
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Aortic stiffness is elevated in Marfan syndrome (MFS) contributing to aortic dilatation and rupture, the major cause of premature death in this population. Excessive signalling by the transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ) plays a crucial role in the development of aortic dilatation. Hypothesis: Given the known beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on arterial stiffness, we hypothesised that perindopril therapy would reduce aortic stiffness and attenuate aortic dilatation in MFS patients, possibly through effects on TGFβ signalling. Methods: 17 MFS patients (aged 33 ± 5) on standard β-blocker therapy were randomised to also receive perindopril (8mg od, n=10) or placebo (n=7) for 24 weeks in a double blind study. Indices of arterial stiffness were assessed globally via systemic arterial compliance (SAC) and augmentation index (AIx), and regionally via central (PWVc) and peripheral (PWVp) pulse wave velocity. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter was assessed via a transthoracic echocardiogram. Venous blood samples were analysed for latent and active TGFβ levels using ELISA. Results: Perindopril reduced arterial stiffness as indicated by increased SAC (perindopril 62 ± 11% vs placebo -4.30 ± 1%, p&lt;0.0001), reduced AIx (perindopril -23.50 ± 3% vs placebo 3 ± 1%, p&lt;0.0001), reduced PWVc (perindopril -21 ± 2% vs placebo 5 ± 2%, p&lt;0.0001) and PWVp (perindopril -20 ± 2% vs placebo 2 ± 1%, p&lt;0.0001). In addition, perindopril significantly reduced LVOT diameter (perindopril -2.8 ± 0.4mm vs placebo 1.1 ± 0.3mm, p&lt;0.0001). While perindopril marginally reduced mean arterial blood pressure (perindopril -1.3 ± 0.2mmHg vs placebo 0.2 ± 0.5mmHg, p=0.004), importantly, the observed changes in both stiffness (p=0.001– 0.006) and LVOT diameter (p&lt;0.001) remained significant when mean blood pressure was included as a covariate. Finally, perindopril reduced latent TGFβ levels by -14.0 ± 4.5ng/ml when compared to placebo (2.0 ± 2.3ng/ml, p=0.01), and active TGFβ levels by -4 ± 1ng/ml (placebo 3 ± 1 ng/ml, p=0.02). Conclusions: In conclusion, ACE inhibition reduces aortic stiffness and LVOT diameter in MFS patients possibly through attenuation of TGFβsignalling, and may potentially protect against aortic rupture.
599 ALLELES AND GENOTYPES OF IL-18 AND TNF-α PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RISKOF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN BRAZILIAN POPULATION
Authors: A.C. Teixeira, C.T. Mendes-Júnior, F.F. Souza, C.A.B. Cantão, S.C. Ferreira, N.H.S. Deghaid, E.C. Castelli, E.D. Mente, A.K. Sankarankutty, S. Zucoloto, J. Elias, V. Muglia, O. Castro-Silva, E.A. Donadi, A.C. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are used
Authors: N. Gillespie, S. Pringle, A. Struthers
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are usedEditor-We wish to reply to Davie and McMurray's comments about our article on the assessment of acutely dyspnoeic patients with suspected heart failure; we did not see it before publication. 1We too were surprised by the excellent sensitivity of clinical examination in our study.We suspect that all our patients with systolic dysfunction had advanced disease and that assessment by general practitioners before admission resulted in referral of only those with New York Heart Association grade III or IV heart failure.Davie and McMurray criticise the sensitivities obtained when combinations of investigations were used in addition to clinical examination.The apparent misunderstanding relates to the fact that we used clinical examination and/or the various investigations (chest radiography, electrocardiography) in the detection of systolic dysfunction.The left hand column in table 2 in our paper shows the collection of investigations that were used to reach the diagnosis in each case, but the final diagnosis was based on the appropriate abnormality on clinical examination and chest radiography or electrocardiography.This is why sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are considered.We apologise if this was unclear from our table 2.
CNS Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Elizabeth R Gerstner, Lauren E Abrey, David Schiff, Andrés J. M Ferreri, Andrew Lister, Silvia Montoto, Richard Tsang, Eckhard Thiel, Francesc Graus, Dirk Behringer, Gerald Illerhaus, Susan Weaver, Patrick Wen, Alfredo Voloschin, Nancy Lee Harris, Tracy T Batchelor
Journal: Blood (2008)
Cerebral occlusive vasculopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus and speculation on the part played by complement.
Authors: A Hammad, Y Tsukada, N Torre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A 35 year old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementenaemia presented with new onset seizures and subsequently died. At necropsy, widespread microinfarctions of the cerebral cortex were found to be predominantly due to the formation of leucoaggregates within small blood vessels without any vasculitis.
Junior doctors: waving or drowning?
Authors: F. Moss
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Last week junior doctors' representatives in the United Kingdom voted unanimously to ballot on industrial action.1 Such action may be some way off, but this is a serious preliminary step. The last industrial action by junior doctors was 25 years ago. Since then juniors have been paid for their overtime working; limits have been set to their hours ofwork—although they are not fully implemented; and specialist training is better organised. Yet, as before, morale for some is in a critical state, and pay and conditions are the stated problems.

Junior doctors as a group are hard working and dedicated, and this move towards industrial action is a clear signal that things are not right. But in seeking to respond effectively to their problems we should not be blinded to the crucial issue of “conditions” by the smokescreen of concernsabout pay. The secretary of state for health has offered to consider changes to the structure of juniors' pay “if that is what they want.”1 Junior doctors need to consider that challenge carefully. Is changing the pay structure really what is needed? A vast body of evidence shows that pay is not the most important aspect of job …
Improving the Effectiveness of Therapy
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The article by A. M. Gotto, Jr, et al (p 1212) describes the failure of patients to comply with a prescribed diet unless they were repeatedly counseled and instructed by a physician and a dietitian. This is a specific example of a larger, general problem, patient compliance in all areas of medical treatment. The physician may prescribe diet, medications, exercise, abstinence, and modification of life style, but if the instructions are not followed, the treatment stands no chance of success.  This is where the art of medicine must complement the science of medicine. It is not sufficient to establish the correct diagnosis, eg, type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, or to be cognizant of the prognosis without treatment. Nor does prescribing appropriate drugs and diet constitute wholly adequate treatment. The difficult and oftentimes consuming part of a complete treatment program is the obtaining of the patient's full understanding and enthusiastic cooperation. Without this
Pneumococcal vaccine reduced pneumococcal pneumonia and associated mortality
Authors: Thomas Fekete
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Maruyama T, Taguchi O, Niederman MS, et al. Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2010;340:c1004. 20211953
Peptic ulcer. Advances in diagnosis.
Authors: D D Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In the articles below three contributors have been a$ked to discuss recent progress in the diagnosis and management of peptic ulcer.Dr. D. D. Gibbs emphasizes the valuable role of the fibrescope in detecting gastric ulcers in patients with negative x-ray resudts and in studying the features of an individual u1cer.Dr. M. 7. S. Langman shows that, though carbenoxolone may promote healing of gastric ulcer, it is doubtful in duo-' denal ulcer; further trials are needed of a new antipepsin, which gave promising results in a preliminary trial in patients with gastric udcer.Mr. 7. L. Dawson con:ludes that for duodenal ulcer the simplest of any of the standard operations will probably be the safest for the patient, while for gastric ulcer the Billrothl I partial gas- trec-tomy has a very low recurrent ulcer rate.
Abstract 1268: High coffee consumption and different brewing methods in relation to postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk in the norwegian women and cancer study: A population-based prospective study
Authors: Oxana Gavrilyuk, Tonje Braaten, Guri Skeie, Elisabete Weiderpass, Vanessa Dumeaux, Eiliv Lund
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background Coffee and its compounds have been proposed to inhibit endometrial carcinogenesis. Studies in the Norwegian population can be especially interesting due to the high coffee consumption and increasing incidence of endometrial cancer in the country. Methods A total of 97 926 postmenopausal Norwegian women from the population-based prospective Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study, were included in the present analysis. We evaluated the general association between total coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk as well as the possible impact of brewing method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to estimate risks, and heterogeneity tests were performed to compare brewing methods. Results During an average of 10.9 years of follow-up, 462 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. After multivariate adjustment, significant risk reduction was found among participants who drank ≥8 cups/day of coffee with a hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.34-0.79). However, we did not observe a significant dose-response relationship. No significant heterogeneity in risk was found when comparing filtered and boiled coffee brewing methods. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in subgroup analyses among participants who drank ≥8 cups/day and had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and in current smokers. Conclusions These data suggest that in this population with high coffee consumption, endometrial cancer risk decreases in women consuming ≥8 cups/day, independent of brewing method. Citation Format: Oxana Gavrilyuk, Tonje Braaten, Guri Skeie, Elisabete Weiderpass, Vanessa Dumeaux, Eiliv Lund. High coffee consumption and different brewing methods in relation to postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk in the norwegian women and cancer study: A population-based prospective study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1268
Reducing the Door-to-Balloon Time for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

It has been 27 years since the initial report of successful reperfusion of occluded coronary arteries with thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction,1 and 20 years since the initial report of the feasibility and safety of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the same setting.2 During the past decade, primary PCI has gradually emerged as the preferred treatment strategy for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.3,4 However, for both primary PCI and thrombolytic therapy, analyses have consistently shown that timely reperfusion remains a key component in improving the survival of patients.57 For primary PCI, the standard . . .
Micromethod for demonstrating increased platelet surface immunoglobulin G: Findings in acute, chronic, and human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐related immunologic thrombocytopenias
Authors: Dahlia Sthoeger, Michael Nardi, Susan Travis, Margaret Karpatkin, Simon Karpatkin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A method has been developed for the demonstration of increased platelet surface IgG that uses 1 ml of blood regardless of the platelet count. Platelets are gel filtered to remove plasma and contaminating lymphocytes. They are then reacted with fluorescein‐conjugated antihuman IgG and analysed by flow cytometry. Percent positive staining cells vary from 10% to 80% of total cells examined. A platelet antibody index is derived from the product of percent positive staining cells X mean fluorescence intensity of positive staining cells. All patients studied with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (IIP) or human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1)‐related thrombocytopenia had increased platelet surface IgG. Twelve acute children and 11 chronic children had indices averaging 3.5‐and 8.9‐fold greater than 12 normal children, respectively. Five of 12 children with acute ITP had normal platelet IgG. There was no linear correlation between the platelet antibody index and platelet count. Platelets of patients with acute, chronic, or HIV‐1‐related ITP displayed autofluorescence. In chronic ITP, the percentage of platelets displaying auto‐fluorescence had a significant negative correlation with the platelet count. This technique will be a valuable diagnostic tool in the pediatric population.
The Role of Platelet Membrane Phospholipids in the Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Paul K. Schick, Byung P. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The structure and function of the platelet surface was probed by phospholipase C (Clostridium perfringens) which hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine. Platelet phospholipids were susceptible to phospholipase C, and extent of hydrolysis was dependent on concentration of phospholipase C and Ca(++). Phospholipase C (0.15 U/ml) with Ca(++) (0.55 mM) hydrolyzed 15.6% phospholipids during 5 min. Phospholipase C released platelet serotonin (5HT), ADP, and platelet factor 4. Hydrolysis of 5% phospholipids resulted in release of 70% 5HT. Platelet 5HT release was rapid, occurring within 2 min. Phospholipase C (0.2 U/ml) with Ca(++) (0.55 mM) also released 10.35 nmol sotrage pool ADP/10(9) platelets and 63% platelet factor 4 during 3 min. Phospholipase C did not cause leakage of cytoplasmic metabolic pool ADP, since only 6.6% [(3)H]ADP was released. Ultrastructural analysis of phospholipase C-modified platelets showed that platelets were intact. After 2% phospholipid hydrolysis, centralization of granules and contraction of microtubules were evident. After 18% phospholipid hydrolysis, there were morphological indications of degranulation. Phospholipase C-induced phospholipid hydrolysis caused the release of ADP and 5HT since: (a) Phospholipase C purified by heating was shown to be free of protease and neuraminidase activity and capable of inducing the platelet release reaction. (b) Antitoxin (Cl. perfringens) neutralized phospholipase C-induced 5HT release which rules out a contaminant. (c) Phosphorylcholine, the hydrolysis product, did not induce platelet 5HT release. This study demonstrates that minimal hydrolysis of platelet phospholipids triggers the release reaction. Our hypothesis is that phospholipids, presumably phosphatidylcholine, are situated at or near active site or "receptor" on the platelet surface and function as the modulator for the release reaction.
CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY AFTER STRESS TESTING: RESULTS FROM A MULTICENTER, STATEWIDE REGISTRY, THE ADVANCED CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING CONSORTIUM (ACIC)
Authors: Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Tauqir Goraya, Patricia Peyser, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Michael Gallagher, David Share, Gilbert Raff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The US Medical Occupation of Japan and History of the Japanese-Language Edition of JAMA
Authors: Sey Nishimura
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Beginning with the Allied Occupation in August 1945, US General Douglas MacArthur came to possess greater authority than Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. Similarly, in the field of medicine, Crawford F. Sams (Figure 1), Colonel of the Medical Corps of the US Army, had greater power than the Minister of Welfare of the Japanese government.  Born in East St Louis, Ill, in 1902, Sams was the son of a lawyer who died when Sams was an adolescent. He attended Washington University Medical School in St Louis, Mo, and graduated fourth in his class while working at night for the St Louis office of the Great Northern Railroad.1During the Second World War, Sams served in North Africa, Europe, and Washington. Prior to the end of the Pacific War, MacArthur recruited Sams to assume the post of Chief, Public Health and Welfare Section (PHW), Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP)
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis successfully treated with amoxicillin
Authors: R.F. Davis, K.E. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Further to the recently published experience of the Mayo Clinic in the treatment of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP),1 we report a case of CRP treated successfully with amoxicillin. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is an unusual skin disorder originally described by Gougerot and Carteaud. It consists of a scaly, macular and papular eruption typically affecting the seborrhoeic areas of young adults. As the name suggests, lesions become confluent in the centre, coalescing to form a reticulated pattern at the periphery of affected areas. We describe a 29‐year‐old female who initially presented in 2004 with a 4‐year history of an asymptomatic eruption affecting the axillae, mons pubis, submammary (Fig. 1) and inguinal folds. She had been treated unsuccessfully with topical steroids and antifungal agents. Differential diagnoses included a fungal eruption, pityriasis versicolor, Darier's disease and Dowling–Degos disease (reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures) but these were excluded by investigations; skin scrapings for mycology were negative and a skin biopsy showed mild chronic inflammation in the upper dermis with some mild pigmentary incontinence. Wood's light examination was unremarkable. A skin swab and culture of skin scrapings on chocolate agar were negative. Following clinical and histological correlation a diagnosis of CRP was made.
EFFECT OF CONTROLLED AXIAL MICROMOVEMENT ON HEALING OF TIBIAL FRACTURES
Authors: J. Kenwright, A.E. Goodship, D.J. Kelly, J.H. Newman, J.D. Harris, J.B. Richardson, M. Evans, A.J. Spriggins, S.J. Burrough, D.I. Rowley
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Kinase domain mutations of BCR-ABL frequently precede imatinib-based therapy and give rise to relapse in patients with de novo Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL)
Authors: Heike Pfeifer, Barbara Wassmann, Anna Pavlova, Lydia Wunderle, Johannes Oldenburg, Anja Binckebanck, Thoralf Lange, Andreas Hochhaus, Silvia Wystub, Patrick Brück, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver G. Ottmann
Journal: Blood (2007)
Book: The Unequal Burden of Cancer
Authors: D. Trichopoulos
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds M Alfred Haynes, Brian D Smedley National Academy Press, £28.95, pp 350 ISBN 0309071542 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Poverty is the most important risk factor for excess morbidity and premature mortality, and it is disproportionately distributed among ethnic groups in the United States and around the world. Moreover, there are striking differences among ethnic groups in the incidence of cancer. For example, compared with white Americans, Asian Americans have substantially lower, and African Americans substantially higher, incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer. It seems … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Computational Identification of Active Enhancers in Model Organisms
Authors: Chengqi Wang, Michael Q. Zhang, Zhihua Zhang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract As a class of cis-regulatory elements, enhancers were first identified as the genomic regions that are able to markedly increase the transcription of genes nearly 30 years ago. Enhancers can regulate gene expression in a cell-type specific and developmental stage specific manner. Although experimental technologies have been developed to identify enhancers genome-wide, the design principle of the regulatory elements and the way they rewire the transcriptional regulatory network tempo-spatially are far from clear. At present, developing predictive methods for enhancers, particularly for the cell-type specific activity of enhancers, is central to computational biology. In this review, we survey the current computational approaches for active enhancer prediction and discuss future directions.
Speed of change in biliary lipids and bile acids with chenodeoxycholic acid--is intermittent therapy feasible?
Authors: J H Iser, G M Murphy, R H Dowling
Journal: Gut (1977)

To see whehter intermittent chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) therapy is a potential alternative to continous treatment for gallstone dissolution, the speed of change in bile lipid composition was studied after starting and stopping CDCA therapy. In addition, the relationship between bile lipid composition and the proportions of the bile acids was examined. Bile-rich duodenal fluid was collected twice in the first week and then at approximately weekly intervals for four to six weeks, from six gallstone patients starting 13-15 mg CDCA.kg BW-1 day-1 and from another group of six patients whose treatment was stopped after gallstone dissolution. After starting treatment, the mean biliary cholesterol saturation index (based on criteria of Hegardt and Dam, 1971) decreased from 1-49 +/- SEM 0-17 to 0-92 +/- 0-13 at three weeks and 0-88 +/- 0-10 at four weeks, by which time bile lipid composition had become relatively constant. In patients whose treatment was stopped, bile reverted to its supersaturated state within one week, changing from an on-treatment mean saturation index of 0-74 +/- 0-10 to 1-15 +/- 0-15 in six to eight days after withdrawing CDCA. The proportion of conjugated CDCA in the biliary bile acids increased from 27-9 +/- 2-5% to 60-5 +/- 4-2% within four days and to 80-7 +/- 6-2% by four weeks after starting CDCA. When treatment was stopped, the proportion of CDCA reverted to pretreatment levels by two to three weeks. The saturation index was significantly related (P less than 0-001) to the percent of conjugated CDCA present, such that when the proportion of CDCA exceeded 70%, bile was almost invariably unsaturated. Since the mean time taken for bile to become unsaturated was not shorter than the time taken for bile to revert to its supersaturated state, it seems that intermittent treatment would not be adequate to maintain an unsaturated bile and is, therefore, unlikely to be as effective as continuous treatment in dissolving gallstones.