tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Issues in the reporting of epidemiological studies: a survey of recent practice
Authors: Stuart J Pocock, Timothy J Collier, Kimberley J Dandreo, Bianca L de Stavola, Marlene B Goldman, Leslie A Kalish, Linda E Kasten, Valerie A McCormack
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abstract Objectives To review current practice in the analysis and reporting of epidemiological research and to identify limitations. Design Examination of articles published in January 2001 that investigated associations between risk factors/exposure variables and disease events/measures in individuals. Setting Eligible English language journals including all major epidemiological journals, all major general medical journals, and the two leading journals in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Main outcome measure Each article was evaluated with a standard proforma. Results We found 73 articles in observational epidemiology; most were either cohort or case-control studies. Most studies looked at cancer and cardiovascular disease, even after we excluded specialty journals. Quantitative exposure variables predominated, which were mostly analysed as ordered categories but with little consistency or explanation regarding choice of categories. Sample selection, participant refusal, and data quality received insufficient attention in many articles. Statistical analyses commonly used odds ratios (38 articles) and hazard/rate ratios (23), with some inconsistent use of terminology. Confidence intervals were reported in most studies (68), though use of P values was less common (38). Few articles explained their choice of confounding variables; many performed subgroup analyses claiming an effect modifier, though interaction tests were rare. Several investigated multiple associations between exposure and outcome, increasing the likelihood of false positive claims. There was evidence of publication bias. Conclusions This survey raises concerns regarding inadequacies in the analysis and reporting of epidemiological publications in mainstream journals.
Self treatment, African style
Authors: N Charavanapavan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In my 22 years of medical and surgical work in Africa, this was a unique experience. A truck driver whose job involved long journeys in remote areas of Africa attended an outreach clinic that I was running with my friend and colleague Jack Gardner from the United States.

The patient complained of a three year history of difficulty passing urine, being able to produce only a thin trickle of urine with straining. He had been to many …
The human trefoil peptide, TFF1, is present in different molecular forms that are intimately associated with mucus in normal stomach
Authors: J L Newton
Journal: Gut (2000)

TFF1 is a 6.5 kDa secreted protein that is expressed predominantly in normal gastric mucosa. It is coexpressed with mucins and it can form dimers via a free carboxy terminal cysteine residue.To investigate the molecular forms of TFF1 that are present in normal human stomach and the association of the different molecular forms with mucus.All subjects had macroscopically normal stomachs at gastroscopy. None had a significant past medical history.TFF1 was detected in normal gastric mucosa and adherent mucus by western transfer analysis after electrophoresis on reducing and non-reducing polyacrylamide gels. In some instances, proteins were fractionated by caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation prior to detection of TFF1. The location of TFF1 in gastric mucosa with an intact adherent mucus layer was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Three different molecular forms of TFF1 were detected: TFF1 monomer, TFF1 dimer, and a TFF1 complex with an apparent molecular mass of about 25 kDa. TFF1 was present at higher concentrations than realised previously. The TFF1 complex was present in the adherent mucus gel layer but while its interaction with mucin was destabilised by caesium chloride, the interaction between mucin and the TFF1 dimer was resistant to caesium chloride.Most of TFF1 in normal human gastric mucosa is present in a complex that is stabilised by a disulphide bond. TFF1 is intimately associated with mucus. The high concentration, colocalisation, and binding of TFF1 to gastric mucus strongly implicate TFF1 in gastric mucus function.
Multiple Biomarkers at Admission Significantly Improve the Prediction of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Damman, Marcel A.M. Beijk, Wichert J. Kuijt, Niels J.W. Verouden, Nan van Geloven, José P.S. Henriques, Jan Baan, Marije M. Vis, Martijn Meuwissen, Jan P. van Straalen, Johan Fischer, Karel T. Koch, Jan J. Piek, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Robbert J. de Winter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract LB-222: Identification of rare KRAS codons 12 and 13 mutations by shifted termination assay
Authors: Howard Doong, Xiaofei Li, Caifu Chen, Julian Walker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have developed a sensitive and specific method for research studies, using Shifted Termination Assay (STA) to detect 12 possible KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13. In this study, we analyzed 118 samples collected from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors. The detection method includes carrying out a primer extension reaction in the presence of a wild-type DNA sequence. The primer extension reaction is stopped when encountered by a mutated base. If no mutation is detected the reaction terminates at the next nucleotide resulting in a large wild-type fragment. This creates a shift in the amount of labeled nucleotides incorporated on the primer extended product, and is then differentiated by fragment analysis using Applied Biosystems capillary electrophoresis systems. Among the 118 samples tested, 32 were found to carry a mutation with 9 different variants. The most common mutations found in codon 12 were GGT&amp;gt;TGT (G12C, 9/32) and GGT&amp;gt;GTT (G12V, 8/32). Two rare variants in codon 12, GGT&amp;gt;GCT (G12A, 1/32) and GGT&amp;gt;CGT (G12A, 1/32), were also observed. For codon 13, the most common mutation found in the samples was GGC &amp;gt;GAC (G13D). In this study, we found 4 variants with 3 different types - 2 samples of GGC&amp;gt;AGC (G13S), 1 sample of GGC&amp;gt;GAC (G13D) and 1 sample of GGC&amp;gt;CGC (G13R). In summary, our data suggest that more KRAS mutations were observed in codon 13 relative to codon 12 in research samples, and the STA assay is an easy to use, robust method to detect possible KRAS mutations in codons 12 &amp; 13. STA is currently for research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-222.
Some Effects of Digoxin upon the Heart and Circulation in Man
Authors: M. IRENÉ FERRER, RÉJANE M. HARVEY, RICHARD T. CATHCART, CHARLES A. WEBSTER, DICKINSON W. RICHARDS, ANDRÉ COURNAND
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The effects of acute digitalization upon the dynamics of the circulation were observed in patients with chronic cor pulmonale, using the technic of cardiac catheterization. The state of the circulation was further investigated in the same patients following recovery from failure. The mode of action of intravenous digoxin is discussed, and a tentative concept of the pathogenesis of chronic cor pulmonale is presented.
Differentiation of mammary stem cells in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: R Barraclough, P S Rudland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The fully differentiated cells of the rat mammary parenchyma, the ductal epithelial, alveolar, and myoepithelial cells, are distinguished by their ultrastructure and by their accumulation of immunocytochemically detectable marker proteins. The different cell types probably develop from primative ductal structures called terminal end buds, which are present in the developing rat mammary glands, and these structures contain relatively undifferentiated cells. Clonal epithelial stem cell lines, obtained from normal rat mammary glands or benign mammary tumors, differentiate under appropriate conditions along a pathway to droplet-cell/doming cultures of primative alveolarlike cells. Under different culture conditions, the epithelial stem cells differentiate along a separate pathway to myoepitheliallike cells. They accumulate some of the specific marker proteins of myoepithelial cells in vivo, including type IV collagen, laminin, and Thy-1 antigen. In addition, these myoepitheliallike cells in culture contain an abundance of a potential calcium-binding protein, p9Ka, which also occurs in myoepithelial cells of histological sections from mammary glands. The accumulation of type IV collagen, laminin, Thy-1, and p9Ka occurs asynchronously along the pathway to the myoepitheliallike cells in vitro. Furthermore, the steady-state levels of these different marker proteins arise by alterations in the controls at the transcriptional, the posttranscriptional processing, and the translational stages of their production. These results suggest a stepwise control of synthesis of myoepithelial cell marker proteins, and in the case of p9Ka and Thy-1 antigen, this altered control may arise through their possession of novel transcriptional promoters.
Evolutionary biology of plant defenses against herbivory and their predictive implications for endocrine disruptor susceptibility in vertebrates.
Authors: K E Wynne-Edwards
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Hormone disruption is a major, underappreciated component of the plant chemical arsenal, and the historical coevolution between hormone-disrupting plants and herbivores will have both increased the susceptibility of carnivores and diversified the sensitivities of herbivores to man-made endocrine disruptors. Here I review diverse evidence of the influence of plant secondary compounds on vertebrate reproduction, including human reproduction. Three of the testable hypotheses about the evolutionary responses of vertebrate herbivores to hormone-disrupting challenges from their diet are developed. Specifically, the hypotheses are that a) vertebrate herbivores will express steroid hormone receptors in the buccal cavity and/or the vomeronasal organ; b) absolute sex steroid concentrations will be lower in carnivores than in herbivores; and c) herbivore steroid receptors should be more diverse in their binding affinities than carnivore lineages. The argument developed in this review, if empirically validated by support for the specific hypotheses, suggests that a) carnivores will be more susceptible than herbivores to endocrine-disrupting compounds of anthropogenic origin entering their bodies, and b) diverse herbivore lineages will be variably susceptible to any given natural or synthetic contaminant. As screening methods for hormone-disrupting potential are compared and adopted, comparative endocrine physiology research is urgently needed to develop models that predict the broad applicability of those screening results in diverse vertebrate species.
Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody induces M1 macrophage polarization, promotes myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation and boosts tumor-specific immunity
Authors: Xianming Huang, Yi Yin, Dan Ye, Rolf Brekken, Philip Thorpe
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a potent immunosuppressive lipid typically segregated to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. PS is externalized on tumor vasculature, tumor-derived exosomes, and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment and externalization is markedly enhanced by
Occupation for the Blind Physician
Authors: Benjamin P. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Pediatricians are badly needed for administrative positions in the field of mental retardation. While blindness would, of course, be a handicap in such a career, it need not be an absolute bar. Pediatricians are uniquely qualified by reason of training and attitude for positions in this field. Opportunities are better, of course, in those states that have medically, rather than educationally, oriented programs for the retarded. I would be delighted to consider this man for this position on my staff. After a period of not more than two years, I would guarantee him that he would be fully qualified to serve as a superintendent of a similar institution regardless of his defect.
Process for immune defect and chromosomal translocation during early thymocyte development lacking ATM
Authors: Takeshi Isoda, Masatoshi Takagi, Jinhua Piao, Shun Nakagama, Masaki Sato, Kyoko Masuda, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Miyuki Azuma, Tomohiro Morio, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Shuki Mizutani
Journal: Blood (2012)
Effects of Pathologic Stage on the Learning Curve for Radical Prostatectomy: Evidence That Recurrence in Organ-Confined Cancer Is Largely Related to Inadequate Surgical Technique
Authors: Andrew J. Vickers, Fernando J. Bianco, Mithat Gonen, Angel M. Cronin, James A. Eastham, Deborah Schrag, Eric A. Klein, Alwyn M. Reuther, Michael W. Kattan, J. Edson Pontes, Peter T. Scardino
Journal: European Urology (2008)
European governments agree to tackle environmental threats to health
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More than 50 European governments have pledged to reduce the adverse impact on health of environmental threats over the next decade. The commitment is set out in a declaration they adopted on 12 March at the fifth ministerial conference on environment and health held in Parma, Italy.

The meeting, organised by the World Health Organization, was the first major gathering of health and environment ministers since the UN climate change conference ended in disarray in Copenhagen shortly before Christmas.

Commenting on the outcome of the three day Parma meeting, Zsuzsanna Jakab, the recently appointed WHO …
Estrogen stimulates female biliary epithelial cell interleukin-6 expression in mice and humans
Authors: Kumiko Isse, Susan M. Specht, John G. Lunz, Liang-I Kang, Yoshiaki Mizuguchi, Anthony J. Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Females are more susceptible than males to several biliary tract diseases. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is critical to triggering autoimmune reactions and contributes substantially to biliary epithelial cell (BEC) barrier function and wound repair, and estrogen differentially regulates IL-6 expression in various cell types. We hypothesized that estrogen might stimulate BEC IL-6 production. Exposure to physiologic levels of estradiol, in vitro, increased female mouse BEC (mBEC) IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, but either inhibited or had no effect on male mBECs. Female mBECs expressed higher concentrations of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) mRNA and protein and were also more dependent on estradiol for survival, in vitro. In vivo, elevated estrogen during estrous cycling in mice, and estrogen treatment of mice harboring an ERalpha(+) human cholangiocarcinoma resulted in increased BEC IL-6 mRNA and tumor viability, respectively. Both responses could be blocked by an ERalpha antagonist. Human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines differentially expressing ERalpha were treated with specific ERalpha and ERbeta agonists/antagonists to further test the relationship between estrogen stimulation, ERalpha expression, and IL-6 production. Results show that ERalpha, and not the underlying BEC sex, was responsible for estrogen-induced IL-6 production. Estrogen-induced proliferation of ERalpha-expressing cholangiocarcinoma was blocked by anti-IL-6 antibodies, indicating that at least some of the estrogen-trophic effects are mediated via IL-6. Finally, an association between ERalpha, IL-6, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) signaling was shown in female-predominant polycystic livers using immunohistochemical analyses, including multiplex quantum dot labeling.Estrogens stimulate IL-6 production in non-neoplastic female BECs and in neoplastic BECs expressing ERalpha. An association between these signaling pathways was demonstrated for female-predominant polycystic livers and might also influence autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinogenesis.
PARESIS OF THE EXTERNAL RECTI ASSOCIATED WITH IRREGULAR TABES.
Authors: G. ORAM RING
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The multiform clinical manifestations which constitute the symptom grouping of so-called locomotor ataxia, are believed by most modern pathologists to be caused by an atrophy or degeneration of the sensory neurons, followed by sclerosis; although as suggested by Berger, Gowers, Oliver and others, this condition is probably preceded by a low grade inflammation. The varying symptoms, besides those caused by disease of the spinal cord, consist of disturbances of the function of special cerebral nerves, sometimes of the cerebrum and occasionally of the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata seems to be the connecting link between the spinal and the optic nerve affection. A broad generalization of the ocular symptomatology has recently been presented in a paper by Dr. Charles A. Oliver, as the outcome of a most painstaking series of investigations based upon the study of 100 cases. The long-recognized pre-ataxic and ataxic divisions, it is thought, should give way to
Abstract 9416: The Impact of Epicardial Fat Volume on Coronary Artery Disease in Symptomatic Patients of Zero Calcium Sore
Authors: Tsuyoshi Ito, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Kenya Nasu, Mariko Ehara, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Tatsuya Ito, Masashi Kimura, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Yasushi Asakura, Keiko Asakura, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Patients without detectable coronary calcium by computed tomography (CT) have a low rate of obstructive coronary disease and good prognosis. However, in some patients with zero coronary calcium score (zero CS), obstructive coronary stenosis exists and fatal cardiovascular events occur, especially among symptomatic patients. Epicardial fat is known to be a rich source of free fatty acid and inflammatory cytokines and epicardial fat volume (EFV) has been suggested as a predictor of coronary artery disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of EFV on coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients with zero CS. Methods and Results From June 2009 to April 2011, consecutive 483 symptomatic patients who underwent multislice CT (MSCT) with zero CS were evaluated. EFV was calculated using dedicated software with manual assistance in defining the epicardial contour on CT images. In each patient, obstructive coronary disease (diameter stenosis&gt;50% on MSCT) and CT-derived vulnerable plaque were assessed with 64-slice CT coronary angiography. CT-derived vulnerable plaque was defined as a plaque with positive vessel remodeling (lesion vessel area&gt;proximal reference vessel area) and low CT attenuation (mean CT density value of the plaque&lt;30Hounsfield Units). In patients with obstructive coronary disease (n=25), EFV was larger (117.8±40.9cm 3 vs 95.9±41.1cm 3 , p&lt;0.01) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was more common(24% vs 6%, p&lt;0.01) than without obstructive coronary disease. In multivariate analysis, EFV (per 10cm 3 ) remained the independent predictor for obstructive coronary disease (Odds ratio(OR);1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.09-1.31, p&lt;0.01). The patients with CT-derived vulnerable plaque (n=20) had larger EFV than without CT-derived vulnerable plaque (136.4±34.2cm 3 vs 95.4±40.8cm 3 , p&lt;0.01). CT-derived vulnerable plaques were more frequently observed in males (70 % vs 44%, p=0.03) and DM patients (25 % vs 6%, p&lt; 0.01). After adjustment for DM and gender, EFV (per 10cm 3 ) remained the independent predictor of the presence of CT-derived vulnerable plaque (OR; 1.20, 95%CI; 1.09-1.32, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions EFV can be a useful marker of coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients with zero CS.
The Thy-I epidermal cell: perspective and prospective
Authors: DONALD A. CHAMBERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Recently a class of cells distinguished by the presence of the cell-surface protein, Thy-I, has been discovered in the epidermis. These cells constitute a heterogeneous population such that they may be dendritic or round, and may be derived from both mesenchymal and ectodermal tissue. Phenotypically, cells with the following characteristics have been observed: Thy-I +, Vim +; Thy-I+, Vim-; Thy-I+, Ker+; Thy-I+, Ker-; Thy-I +, asialo GMI+; Thy-I +, asialo GMI -. Thy-I + epidermal cells do not appear to be T or B lymphocytes, macrophage/monocytes or melanocytes. The Thy-I+ epidermal cell can be studied in in vivo and in vitro systems. It would appear that skin as well as the immune system contain Thy-I+ and Ia + cells. Such cells may he prerequisite for both systems to carry out their primary defense functions.
STUDIES ON RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Stewart Sell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The number of lymphocytes transformed in vitro by antiallotype sera in cultures obtained from allotypically suppressed rabbits is significantly less than that induced in cultures from normal rabbits. There is a compensatory increase in the amount of transformation induced by antiallotype sera directed toward the unsuppressed allotype. Thus the control of allotypic expression is suppressed rabbits appears to be the same for lymphocytes and for plasma cells.
Emergence of antitumor cytolytic T cells is associated with maintenance of hematologic remission in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Daniela Montagna, Rita Maccario, Franco Locatelli, Enrica Montini, Sara Pagani, Federico Bonetti, Liane Daudt, Ilaria Turin, Daniela Lisini, Claudio Garavaglia, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati
Journal: Blood (2006)
Longevity with Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Sidney L. Penner, Michael Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE duration of life after an acute coronary-artery occlusion has long been regarded as brief, and it is only in recent years that the more optimistic viewpoint pronounced in 1912 by Herrick1 has been justified. In increasing numbers, cases have been reported of survivals for as long as seventeen, twenty-four and even forty years.2 3 4 5 As an explanation of this change in prognosis, it has been suggested5 that the myocardial infarction that is being diagnosed in mild and atypical forms would have been dismissed years ago as so-called "acute indigestion" or never have been brought to the attention of a physician, . . .
Prophylactic Treatment for Prevention of Joint Disease in Hemophilia — Cost versus Benefit
Authors: Goris Roosendaal, Floris Lafeber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Patients with severe hemophilia number only around 400,000 worldwide, but their lifespan has increased because of improved treatment, and with that the prevalence of the disease is increasing. Despite the relatively small number of patients with severe hemophilia, the disease has an important socioeconomic effect because of its distinctive feature: a level of clotting factor (factor VIII or factor IX) so low that without replacement therapy, frequent hemorrhages occur, most often in the ankle, knee, and elbow joints. These joint hemorrhages culminate in a severe arthropathy, with signs of inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis) as well as degenerative damage (as . . .
Thrombocytopenia resulting from mutations in filamin A can be expressed as an isolated syndrome
Authors: Paquita Nurden, Najet Debili, Isabelle Coupry, Marijke Bryckaert, Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak, Guilhem Solé, Anne-Cécile Pons, Eliane Berrou, Frédéric Adam, Alexandre Kauskot, Jean-Marie Daniel Lamazière, Philippe Rameau, Patricia Fergelot, Caroline Rooryck, Dorothée Cailley, Benoît Arveiler, Didier Lacombe, William Vainchenker, Alan Nurden, Cyril Goizet
Journal: Blood (2011)