tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Modern Insights Into Ancient Medicine
Authors: Hari M. Sharma, Deepak Chopra
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AYUR-VEDA is the oldest existing medical system, having its heritage in ancient India. It is recognized by the World Health Organization and is still widely practiced.<sup>1</sup>The All India Ayur-Veda Congress (representing Ayurvedic physicians) has a membership of over 300 000, and 108 Ayurvedic colleges in India grant a degree after a 5-year program. Yet, until recently, Ayur-Veda has been virtually unknown in the West. Current interest in disease prevention and health promotion has led to its investigation by a growing number of Western physicians who are finding it to add valuable knowledge that is complementary to modern allopathic medicine. The word<i>Ayur-Veda</i>comes from two Sanskrit roots:<i>Ayus</i>, meaning life or life span, and<i>Veda</i>, meaning knowledge or science.<i>Ayur-Veda</i>is therefore translated as "the science of life," which emphasizes its orientation toward prevention. The major textbooks of Ayur-Veda, the<i>Charaka Samhita</i><sup>2</sup>and Sushruta Samhita,<sup>3</sup>cover
Epidemiology of Sudden Death Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Susan J. Standfast
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In reply.—</h3> Dr Bass' letter underscores a general shortcoming of retrospective studies that are based on death certificate diagnoses. As we pointed out, the lack of positive diagnostic criteria has been an obstacle in studying the incidence and causes of sudden unexplained death in infants. However, it does not invalidate all the results. Because review of all available data on each case is costly in time and money (and does not always lead to consensus), we chose to follow the death certificate screening method described by Peterson<sup>1</sup>for King County, Washington. All of the findings of his retrospective study were later confirmed in a prospective study of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the same population.<sup>2</sup>The later study did include expert review of all data by a pediatric pathologist. The California study by Kraus and Borhani,<sup>3</sup>which used death certificate screening plus confirmation of the diagnosis
TRYPARSAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: JOSEPH EARLE MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

At the time our work was begun, the use of tryparsamide in the treatment of trypanosomiasis in man was under investigation by Pearce,<sup>6</sup>who obtained encouraging results even in advanced cases with nervous system involvement. The facts that in practically every patient the cell count in the spinal fluid was reduced toward normal, and that undernourished patients usually gained markedly in weight, offered clinical parallels to the experimental evidence regarding the affinity of the drug for nervous tissues and its nutritional effect. These results offered justification for belief that tryparsamide might be of value in syphilis, particularly of the central nervous system, the study of which had been undertaken by Lorenz, Loevenhart and their associates, who soon reported<sup>7</sup>favorable accounts of their results. A preliminary paper<sup>8</sup>from their clinic has recently appeared embodying their experience with tryparsamide, particularly in general paralysis. Further reference to this paper will
Functional assessment of perforin C2 domain mutations illustrates the critical role for calcium-dependent lipid binding in perforin cytotoxic function
Authors: Ramon Urrea Moreno, Juana Gil, Carmen Rodriguez-Sainz, Elena Cela, Victor LaFay, Brian Oloizia, Andrew B. Herr, Janos Sumegi, Michael B. Jordan, Kimberly A. Risma
Journal: Blood (2008)
Fenoterol and asthma deaths
Authors: I. W. Grant
Journal: Thorax (1998)

There is growing evidence that asthma symptoms can be aggravated or events triggered by exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) emitted from unflued gas heating. The impact of NO<sub>2</sub> on the respiratory health of children with asthma was explored as a secondary analysis of a randomised community trial, involving 409 households during the winter period in 2006 (June to September). Geometric mean indoor NO<sub>2</sub> levels were 11.4 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, while outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> levels were 7.4 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. Higher indoor NO<sub>2</sub> levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with greater daily reports of lower (mean ratio 14, 95% CI 1.12–1.16) and upper respiratory tract symptoms (mean ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05), more frequent cough and wheeze, and more frequent reliever use during the day, but had no effect on preventer use. Higher indoor NO<sub>2</sub> levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with a decrease in morning (-17.25 mL, 95% CI -27.63– -6.68) and evening (-13.21, 95% CI -26.03– -0.38) forced expiratory volume in 1 s readings. Outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> was not associated with respiratory tract symptoms, asthma symptoms, medication use or lung function measurements. These findings indicate that reducing NO<sub>2</sub> exposure indoors is important in improving the respiratory health of children with asthma.
Never mind the quality
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I was told by those who knew the French well (because they are French themselves) that no one would obey the new law that prohibited smoking in cafes and restaurants: that they would go down fighting to preserve the right to their immemorial fug. But when I went to Paris soon after the law came into force, I found that the French had obeyed the law, if not quite as lambs to the slaughter, then at least as hypochondriacs to the panacea.

While in Paris I bought a book by the great Sinologue and literary critic Simon Leys. He is a stylist both in English and French; what is …
Abstract P3-06-03: Oral bisphosphonates and survival of breast and colon malignancies
Authors: G Rennert, HS Rennert, M Pinchev, A Flugelman, A Kershenbaum, K Landsman, R Hadad, K Shulman, SB Gruber
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bisphosphonates are traditionally used for treatment of osteoporosis and more recently for treatment and prevention of bone metastases in various malignancies. The use of 2nd-generation oral bisphosphonates has been reported to reduce the risk of developing breast and colon cancer but their influence on cancer survival has not been studied. Methods Two large cohorts of consecutively diagnosed cases with breast or colorectal cancer were studied for the association between use of 2nd-generation oral bisphosphonates and cancer survival. Using computerized prescription records, sustained use of alendronate/risedronate was assessed in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast (n = 2,843) or colorectal cancer (n = 1,706). Overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated using time dependent analysis. Results Postmenopausal women with breast cancer previously unexposed to bisphosphonates who used 2nd-generation bisphosphonates after diagnosis for at least one year had a significantly better survival than non-users, adjusted for age, tumor stage and grade (Overall survival: HR = 0.53, 0.33-0.86, breast cancer-specific survival: HR = 0.26, 0.10-0.71, p = 0.009). A similar advantageous hazard ratio was found in users with ER positive, ER negative and HER2neu positive tumors. A similar significantly better survival was noted for colorectal cancer after adjustment for age, tumor stage and grade (Overall survival: HR = 0.53, 0.33-0.85, colorectal cancer-specific survival: HR = 0.44, 0.21-0.88, p = 0.02). Women who used bisphosphonates before diagnosis did not exhibit a significant survival benefit. Pharmacogenetic studies of F(D)PPS (Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase), a gene coding a key step in the mevalonate pathway revealed direct correlation between a minor homozygous status and survival in bisphosphonate users. Conclusions The use of 2nd-generation bisphosphonates initiated after diagnosis was associated with a significant improvement in overall and in cancer-specific survival of postmenopausal women with breast or colon cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-06-03.
In vivo significance of T cells in the development of Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice. Immature but antigen-specific T cells aggravate cardiac injury.
Authors: C Kishimoto, W H Abelmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Acute myocardial damage similar to that seen in human myocarditis occurs in BALB/c mice after infection with coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC). To investigate the role of antigen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder, we compared CB3 disease expression in T cell-deficient, athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, in heterozygote (nu/+) mice with normal T cell function, and in nu/nu mice reconstituted with spleen cells from CB3- or EMC-infected nu/+ mice. Acute myocarditis occurred in both nu/nu and nu/+ mice. Severe myocarditis, however, developed only in nu/+ and nu/nu mice reconstituted with CB3-sensitized T cells, but not in those reconstituted with EMC-sensitized T cells. Myocardial virus titer and serum anti-CB3 antibody production were similar in nu/+ and nu/nu groups. Additionally, the presence of Thy 1.2 (pan T), Ly 1 (precursor of other T cell subsets), and Ly 2 (suppressor/cytotoxic T) positive cells was demonstrated in the myocardium in nu/+ and nu/nu mice reconstituted with CB3-sensitized T cells, but not with T cells sensitized by another virus, EMC. These results indicate that immature but antigen-specific T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of ongoing myocarditis.
More than 17 million people may starve in Horn of Africa, warns UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The United Nations and international aid organisations have warned that more than 17 million people in the Horn of Africa are at risk of starvation if donors worldwide do not step up their support.

John Holmes, the UN’s emergency relief coordinator, last week described the situation as “very worrying in most places.”

In Somalia the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance is estimated at 3.5 million, up from about 2.6 million in June, Sir John said.

In …
Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: David J. Llewellyn, Felix Naughton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of two different diltiazem treatments on infarct size in ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts.
Authors: H H Klein, M Schubothe, K Nebendahl, H Kreuzer
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The effect of diltiazem on the development of infarcts was investigated in porcine hearts. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each of 32 anesthetized pigs for 75 min and was reperfused for 4 hr. Diltiazem (15 micrograms/kg X min) was infused in 11 pigs for 30 min before occlusion (therapy A) and in another eight pigs before reperfusion (therapy B). Eleven pigs served as controls. Tissue concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were determined in transmural needle biopsy samples taken from the ischemic apex after 70 min of ischemia. The infarct size, expressed as the ratio of the infarcted tissue over the area at risk of necrosis multiplied by 100, amounted to 79 +/- 20% in the control group. Although there was no significant difference between hemodynamics in the control and the treated groups, pretreatment with diltiazem significantly reduced infarct size (53 +/- 26%; p = .025). Reduction of infarct size by therapy B did not reach the required level of significance (66 +/- 33%). The ischemic loss of ATP and NAD was significantly lower in the pretreated group, which further indicates that the beneficial effect of diltiazem was exerted primarily during ischemia and not during reperfusion.
Pathogenesis of postantibiotic diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile: an in vitro study in the rabbit intestine.
Authors: S Guandalini, A Fasano, M Migliavacca, M C Verga, P Mastrantonio Gianfrilli, A Ferrara, M Alessio, B Malamisura, P Galati, A Pantosti
Journal: Gut (1988)

To elucidate the pathophysiological changes leading to postantibiotic diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin, oral ampicillin was given to rabbits, and jejunal, ileal, and caecal segments of those that developed diarrhoea were investigated in vitro. The rabbits that, in response to treatment, harboured Clostridium difficile in their colonic lumen were studied, and the results expressed according to the presence or absence of Clostridium difficile and/or its cytotoxin. Thus, we refer to either CD+ or CD- segments. The influx of glucose, phenylalanine, glycylphenylalanine, and lysine across the brush border of jejunum and ileum of CD+ segments was severely impaired, while only slightly blunted in CD-. No significant change was detected in the influx of glutamic acid in the jejunum of all treated animals and in the CD- ilea. Morphologic damage in ileum and caecum of CD+ was also more evident than in CD-. Transepithelial ion transport across short circuited ileal mucosa (CD+ and CD-) revealed secretory changes in Cl net transport that were more marked in CD-. We conclude that: (1) Clostridium difficile may also colonise the upper intestinal tract, where it induces morphological and functional damage, severely impairing nutrient absorption; and (2) the ileum contributes to the diarrhoea caused by CD even when the micro-organism is confined to the more distal gut by showing moderate impairment of nutrient absorption and marked electrolyte secretion.
Differential gene expression in drug hypersensitivity reactions: induction of alarmins in severe bullous diseases
Authors: T. Bellón, L. Álvarez, C. Mayorga, E. Morel, M.J. Torres, M.A. Martín-Díaz, R. Díaz, A. Radial, M. Carballo, M. Blanca
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can be life-threatening and constitute a growing problem in clinical practice. Although drug-specific T cells seem to be involved, the cellular and molecular bases of their aetiopathology are not fully understood.To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and the clinical heterogeneity of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to drugs.We characterized the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients during the acute phase of the reaction and upon resolution of clinical symptoms using a cDNA array technology. Low-density arrays were used to confirm differential expression of selected genes during the acute disease in patients and to compare gene expression in patients and exposed control donors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Eighty-five genes were found to be differentially expressed during the acute phase of cutaneous drug-induced delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, 92 genes with distinct expression patterns in severe and benign diseases during the acute phase were identified. PBMCs from patients with severe bullous diseases showed a characteristic gene expression pattern with lower expression of genes encoding T cell-specific proteins and high expression of cell cycle-related genes and genes coding for inflammatory-related mediators among which several endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins were found.Distinct gene expression profiles in PMBCs define benign and severe clinical entities. Overexpression of endogenous DAMPs in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis suggest that drugs can trigger the alarmin system in sensitized patients leading to life-threatening diseases.
Resect and discard strategy in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study
Authors: S. Paggi, E. Rondonotti, A. Amato, V. Terruzzi, G. Imperiali, G. Mandelli, N. Terreni, N. Lenoci, G. Spinzi, F. Radaelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Narrow-band imaging (NBI) has shown promising results in discriminating adenomatous from non-adenomatous colonic polyps. In patients with small polyps (< 10 mm), the application of NBI within a "resect and discard" strategy, might allow post-polypectomy surveillance intervals to be determined independently from histopathology. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and safety of this approach in routine clinical practice. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Consecutive colonoscopy outpatients with one or more polyps smaller than 10 mm were prospectively included. Each polyp was categorized by the endoscopist as adenoma or non-adenoma according to simplified NBI criteria, and future post-polypectomy surveillance interval was assigned accordingly. Following histopathology, post-polypectomy surveillance interval was subsequently re-assigned, and the accordance between endoscopy- and histology-directed surveillance strategies was calculated. <b>Results:</b> Among 942 colonoscopy patients, 286 (30.4 %) with only small polyps were included. In total, 511 small polyps were evaluated; 350 (68.5 %) were adenomas and 18 of these (5.1 %) had histologic features of advanced neoplasia. For the in vivo diagnosis of adenoma, NBI sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 94.9 %, 65.8 %, 85.7 %, 2.80, and 0.08, respectively. The endoscopy-directed surveillance strategy was in accordance with the histology-directed strategy in 237 of 286 patients (82.9 %). In 9.8 % and 7.3 % patients, the endoscopy-directed approach would have resulted in early and delayed surveillance, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The resect and discard strategy seems to be a viable, safe, and cost-effective approach for the management of patients with small polyps. However, caution in the application of the strategy should be advocated for patients with polyps 6 – 9 mm in size and those with right-sided lesions, due to their malignant potential. The study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01462123).
Total Uterine Sampling
Authors: Joseph Bernard Doyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

MOST gynecologists agree that early cervical cancer is rarely visualized in clinical practice. The early phase in the history of the disease is preclinical. The vaginal smear has presented abundant evidence of this concept. Papanicolaou,1 , 2 Meigs,3 Jones4 and others have reported cancer cells in vaginal secretions in women whose cervixes appeared clinically normal. Traut5 has insisted, with good reason, that the vaginal smear represents the most valuable clinical test in the armamentarium of the gynecologist. Few gynecologists order vaginal smears on patients whose cervixes look normal, and yet the most important positive findings come from this group. Ayre6 has pointed . . .
Successful Replacement of a Thrombosed Mitral Ball-Valve Prosthesis
Authors: Frank C. Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SINCE THE impressive report by Starr and Edwards<sup>1</sup>in 1961 of initial clinical experiences with their ball-valve prosthesis, it has been widely and successfully employed.<sup>2-5</sup>Many patients have been successfully rehabilitated from severe congestive heart failure. The main limitation of the prosthesis has been the development of peripheral emboli in some patients from clots forming on the prosthesis. Anticoagulant therapy has apparently decreased the frequency of this complication, though exact data are not yet available. This report describes a very rare complication from a ball-valve prosthesis: 20 months after operation a proliferating clot produced acute obstruction of the mitral valve. The timely report by Garamella and associates<sup>6</sup>of a similar case with a fatal outcome, which was published a few months before this patient was seen, made it possible to establish a correct diagnosis and successfully replace the thrombosed prosthesis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 25-year-old white woman
Effect of Blood Pressure Alterations on Intrarenal Red Cell-Plasma Separation12
Authors: Lawrence S. Lilienfield, John C. Rose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Recent reports have provided evidence for the separation of red cells and plasma within the kidney (1-3).Pappenheimer and Kinter have pro- posed an ingenious theory of plasma skimming to explain this phenomenon (2).According to these authors the energy for the separation is derived from the arterial pressure.Hence, there should be less separation at low pressure, and more at higher pressure.To test the validity of this hypothesis, simultaneous red cell and plasma transit times through the kidney were measured at nor- mal and at low arterial pressures in 12 mongrel dogs. METHODSDogs weighing 8 to 12 Kg.were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, 25 mg.per Kg.intravenously.The left kidney was exposed and the renal artery and vein dissected free.Renal nerves were sectioned in all cases.A ligature was placed around the renal artery and tightened for a few seconds.During this time, the renal vein was incised and a polyethylene catheter (2.5 mm.inside diameter) was tied into the renal segment.The free end of the catheter was rapidly connected to a similar catheter that had previously been inserted in a femoral vein.When the renal artery occlusion was released, blood was seen to surge out of the kidney into the fem- oral vein.Flow through the catheters was unrestricted, all connections having internal diameters the same as the polyethylene tubing.In effect, the procedure had established a long exteriorized renal vein (Figure 1).In all experiments aortic pressure was continuously monitored using a strain-gage transducer and direct- writing oscillograph.Five ml. of a saline suspension of the dogs' red cells previously labeled with 100 microcuries of Cr51, and washed free of any extracorpuscular Cr51 activity, was mixed with 20 microcuries of I" tagged human serum