tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's
Authors: DAVID C. STOLINSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 April 1971Chemotherapy for Hodgkin'sDAVID C. STOLINSKY, M.D.DAVID C. STOLINSKY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-4-640_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their excellent article on combination chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease (Ann Intern Med73:881-895, 1970) DeVita and associates describe the use of prednisone in the first and fourth of the six courses of therapy. There seems to be a suggestion that the fourth course was better tolerated. The median WBC count was slightly higher than those of the preceding or subsequent courses, fewer patients experienced severe leukopenia, and the mean dose of the alkylator was higher than for the preceding or subsequent courses. Do the authors have the impression that prednisone improved the marrow's tolerance of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Southern California School of Medicine Los Angeles, Calif. 90033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1971Volume 74, Issue 4Page: 640-640KeywordsBone marrowChemotherapyCombination chemotherapyHodgkin lymphomaWhite blood cells Issue Published: 1 April 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Obstetrician's Dilemma
Authors: Emanuel A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Today's obstetricians are beleaguered hybrids of Don Quixote and King Canute. The windmills they tilt against are the buffeting forces generated by consumer groups, the government, third-party payers, and the legal system; among the tides they are asked to hold back are the rising rate of cesarean section and the growing demand for a perfect product every time. Their earnest desire to accommodate all these demands is thwarted by the realization that they cannot succeed, given the current limitations of the discipline and the almost impossible objectives.The primary surveillance technique currently used to ensure fetal well-being — namely, electronic . . .
The man who had not slept for 10 years.
Authors: I Oswald, K Adam
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Full moon and poisoningAcute poisoning is unusual among diseases in having an extremely short incubation period; patients or their relatives seek medical advice usually on the same day that the poison has been taken, and the time of poisoning can be established easily.In India the day of full moon, when the earth lies between the sun and the moon, is called "purnima."The relative positions of the sun and moon on this day are such that their gravitational forces on the earth act almost in a straight line, causing higher tides."Water constitutes 50-60% of the body weight of humans.Possibly, as with sea water, body water might also generate some sort of tidal wave that increases on purnima days.These "human tidal waves" might cause physical, physiological, or biochemical changes in the body.The brain might also be affected by the process.As well as other factors that influence an individual to take poison, this phenomenon might affect the incidence of poisoning on purnima days.We undertook a study to investigate this. Methods and resultsWe analysed all cases of acute poisoning admitted to the medical ward of Patna Medical College Hospital from January 1976 to December 1979.The dates of purnima days were taken from the Gregorian calendar and the number of cases of poisoning admitted on these days recorded (table ).By subtracting the number of cases admitted on purnima days from the total number of cases the number of cases admitted on non-purnima days was obtained.Frequency distributions were calculated to show the number of cases of poisoning admitted per day for purnima and non-purnima days.Appropriate statistical analysis was done and significance assessed with Student's t test.Forty-nine purnima days occurred during the study period, and 45 cases of poisoning were admitted on these days.No cases, one, two, and three cases per day were admitted on 16, 23, eight, and two purnima days respectively.The total number of non-purnima days was 1412 and the number of cases admitted on these days 796.No cases, one, two, three, and four cases of poisoning per day were admitted on 836, 419, 109, 33, and 15 non-purnima days respectively.The increased number of cases of poisoning admitted on purnima days as compared with non-purnima days is significant (0-001 <p <0 005). 2
Industry has no role in public health policies, concludes analysis
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

There is no evidence that self regulation by industry or public-private partnerships helps to prevent the harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and highly processed food and drink, a damning international analysis has found.

The study, published in the Lancet , said industry should have no role in the formation of policy on non-communicable diseases as there is no evidence to support such an approach.1 Instead, regulation or the threat of regulation, is the only way to achieve change.

The study, published as part of a series on non-communicable diseases, concludes that international corporations are major drivers of non-communicable disease epidemics through aggressive marketing of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink. In addition, the “unhealthy commodity” industries use …
Asphyxial Crib Death
Authors: Millard Bass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

During the 30-month period from January 1, 1973, to June 30, 1975, a total of 15 infants in Wayne County, Michigan (population, 2.6 million), died suddenly in their cribs as a result of accidental asphyxia (smothering or strangulation). Ten cases of asphyxia were due to suffocation or strangulation as a result of entrapment of the head and neck between crib slats or crib rail and mattress. Five additional deaths resulted from strangulation when the pacifier cord, necklace or nightgown became entangled on the crib post or on a toy attached to the crib rail (Fig. 1, 2, and 3).Of the 15 deaths, . . .
Preventing the Extinction of the Clinical Research Ecosystem
Authors: James N. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE 20th century has been termed "The Health Century" because of the near miraculous strides that have occurred in health care to increase the life expectancy and diminish the lifetime burden of pain and disability.<sup>1</sup>At the beginning of this century, physicians could diagnose diseases and treat symptoms but often were unable to cure them. Aspirin was not even available. As Joseph Bloodgood, MD, said to a congressional hearing in 1929, "The practice of medicine leads to a good income, undoubtedly, but it does not lead to the control of disease. The cure for diseases is found in research laboratories.<sup>"</sup>In 1930 the US Congress passed a law to establish the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in an era when the general population was beginning to see the importance of scientific research in human disease. During the same decade in Europe, German and French physicians succeeded in producing the
DNA Protein Kinase–Dependent G2 Checkpoint Revealed following Knockdown of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sonnet J.H. Arlander, Bryan T. Greene, Cynthia L. Innes, Richard S. Paules
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–related kinase family, in particular the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), regulate cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks. Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) in DNA-PKcs– or ATM-deficient cells emphasizes their important roles in maintaining genome stability. Furthermore, combined knockout of both kinases is synthetically lethal, suggesting functional complementarity. In the current study, using human mammary epithelial cells with ATM levels stably knocked down by &amp;gt;90%, we observed an IR-induced G2 checkpoint that was only slightly attenuated. In marked contrast, this G2 checkpoint was significantly attenuated with either DNA-PK inhibitor treatment or RNA interference knockdown of DNA-PKcs, the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, indicating that DNA-PK contributes to the G2 checkpoint in these cells. Furthermore, in agreement with the checkpoint attenuation, DNA-PK inhibition in ATM-knockdown cells resulted in reduced signaling of the checkpoint kinase CHK1 as evidenced by reduced CHK1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results show a DNA-PK–dependent component to the IR-induced G2 checkpoint, in addition to the well-defined ATM-dependent component. This may have important implications for chemotherapeutic strategies for breast cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):89–97]
Effects of Dietary Calcium Restriction and Chronic Thyroparathyroidectomy on the Metabolism of [3H]25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and the Active Transport of Calcium by Rat Intestine
Authors: Murray J. Favus, Marlin W. Walling, Daniel V. Kimberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Previous studies have shown that chronically thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats, fed a diet with restricted calcium but adequate phosphorus and vitamin D content, have higher levels of intestinal calcium absorption than controls. The results of recent acute experiments have suggested that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be essential for regulating the renal conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OH-D(3)) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)-D(3)] in response to dietary calcium deprivation. Since 1,25-(OH)(2)-D(3) is the form of the vitamin thought to be active in the intestine, increases in calcium transport mediated by this metabolite would not be expected to occur in the absence of the parathyroid glands if the preceding model is correct. The present study was undertaken to examine the chronic effects of both dietary calcium restriction and the absence of PTH on the metabolism of [(3)H]25-OH-D(3) and duodenal calcium-active transport in rats given thyroid replacement. These relatively long term studies confirm earlier observations which indicated that the adaptation of calcium absorption to a low calcium intake occurs in both sham-operated and TPTX animals. The present studies also demonstrated that despite reduced levels of 1,25-(OH)(2)-D(3) in the plasma of chronically TPTX animals fed a low calcium diet, the accumulation of this metabolite in at least one target tissue, intestinal mucosa, is identical in both the sham-operated and TPTX groups. A reduced, but continued level of 1,25-(OH)(2)-D(3) production, together with its selective accumulation by intestinal mucosa, probably explains the calcium adaptation which is observed inspite of the chronic absence of the parathyroid glands.
Constructing minds: The development of mindreading abilities in typical and atypical trajectories
Authors: Ruth Campos, María Sotillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract From our deep interest in the neuroconstructivist framework, we would like to comment on two fundamental aspects of Mareschal et al.'s work: the role of neuroconstructivism for clinical work with people suffering from developmental disorders; and the relation between the process of progressive specialization and the increasing abstraction of representations in development.
Start a DNA diagnostic service.
Authors: K. F. Kelly, N. E. Haites, A. W. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In 1985 the Scottish Home and Health Department alklcated funds under the New Developments in Health Care Programme to establish a national molecular genetics diagnostic service with laboratories in four university cities: Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, and Aberdeen.Each centre would be responsible for the diagnosis of certain diseases for the whole of Scotland, and centres would cooperate by collecting blood and extracting DNA and dispatching it to one of the laboratories for analysis.Each centre would be responsible for counselling and investigating patients in their areas.The laboratories would thus act as a consortium with considerable contact and cooperation, sharing work, and avoiding expensive duplication of services.
Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow in Man by Radioisotope Scanning
Authors: Henry N. Wagner, David C. Sabiston, Masahiro Iio, John G. McAfee, Jon K. Meyer, James K. Langan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION of a substance in any region of the body is directly proportional to the blood flow to the region, provided the substance is completely removed from the blood and is not metabolized during the period of observation. In the present study, we have successfully used this principle to detect alterations in blood supply to various regions of the lung as a result of certain diseases. The studies were made possible by the development of a new radiopharmaceutical, labeled macro-aggregated albumin (MAA), which has been found to be both safe and effective. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> In the initial studies radiodine (I<sup>131</sup>) was employed as a label for the macro-aggregated albumin. Subsequently we have used chromiumlabeled albumin, because radioactive chromium (Cr<sup>51</sup>) emits a mono-energetic gamma ray (320 kilo electron volts) that is preferable for scintillation scanning. In addition, the absence of beta emission decreases the radiation
Alexithymia and Cancer Pain: The Effect of Psychological Intervention
Authors: Cinzia Tulipani, Francesco Morelli, Maria Rosaria Spedicato, Evaristo Maiello, Orlando Todarello, Piero Porcelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2010)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Alexithymia is likely to be involved in the pain experience of cancer patients, but the extent to which psychological interventions may modify both pain and alexithymia is unclear. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A group of 52 consecutive cancer patients were enrolled in a 6-month multicomponent psychological intervention trial, and compared to 52 control patients who received standard medical care. Validated scales for pain, alexithymia, coping with disease, illness behavior, psychological distress, and psychosocial functioning were administered at baseline and 6 months later. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Pain was strongly associated with alexithymia and several psychological dimensions. Although at baseline patients in the intervention group had worse psychological and somatic health, at follow-up their level of pain intensity, alexithymia, and somatic concerns had significantly improved compared to control patients. Patients in the intervention group showed dramatic improvements in pain perception, alexithymia, and other psychological variables, while control patients showed an unexpected significant worsening of alexithymia, depression, and adjustment to disease. Multiple regression showed that psychological intervention and alexithymia were both independently associated with the reduction in pain perception. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These findings confirm the close association between alexithymia and pain, and show that multicomponent psychological intervention may significantly reduce both alexithymia and cancer pain. Although the present findings need replication, they should strongly encourage clinicians to provide patients with psychological interventions targeting alexithymic difficulties and helping patients to cope better with both feelings and somatic perception.
Antioxidant vitamins make lipid lowering drugs less effective
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The combination of simvastatin and niacin can reduce the risk factors associated with myocardial infarction by 60-90% in patients at high risk of a major cardiac event, researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle have found.

Furthermore, this same patient population should be advised to stop taking antioxidant vitamins. “Physicians should question their patients and have them stop using antioxidant vitamins. It is the opposite of what I used to say,” the study's lead author, Dr B Greg Brown of the University of Washington commented.

The recommendations emanate from new research, which found that a combination of antioxidant …
920 Serum concentrations of autoantibodies (AAT) against TNFα in normal adults and patients with exsudative pleurisy
Authors: S ZHABIN, N ZORIN, I MAKRUSHINA, N PUSTOSHILOVA, A ZAKABUNIN, A KHANIN, A VARIN, M MUSTATOV
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Two novel CYLD gene mutations in Chinese families with trichoepithelioma and a literature review of 16 families with trichoepithelioma reported in China
Authors: Y.H. Liang, M. Gao, L.D. Sun, L.J. Liu, Y. Cui, S. Yang, X. Fan, J. Wang, F.L. Xiao, X.J. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)
Potential Risks Associated with the Proposed Widespread Use of Tamiflu
Authors: Andrew C. Singer, Miles A. Nunn, Ernest A. Gould, Andrew C. Johnson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The threat of pandemic influenza has focused attention and resources on virus surveillance, prevention, and containment. The World Health Organization has strongly recommended the use of the antiviral drug Tamiflu both to treat and prevent pandemic influenza infection. A major concern for the long-term efficacy of this strategy is to limit the development of Tamiflu-resistant influenza strains. However, in the event of a pandemic, hundreds of millions of courses of Tamiflu, stockpiled globally, will be rapidly deployed. Given its apparent resistance to biodegradation and hydrophilicity, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), the active antiviral and metabolite of Tamiflu, is predicted to enter receiving riverwater from sewage treatment works in its active form.Our objective in this study was to determine the likely concentrations of OC released into U.S. and U.K. river catchments using hydrologic modeling and current assumptions about the course and management of an influenza pandemic.We predict that high concentrations of OC (micrograms per liter) capable of inhibiting influenza virus replication would be sustained for periods of several weeks, presenting an increased risk for the generation of antiviral resistance and genetic exchange between influenza viruses in wildfowl. Owing to the apparent recalcitrance of OC in sewage treatment works, widespread use of Tamiflu during an influenza pandemic also poses a potentially significant, uncharacterized, ecotoxicologic risk in each affected nation's waterways.To gauge the hazard presented by Tamiflu use during a pandemic, we recommend a) direct measurement of Tamiflu persistence, biodegradation, and transformation in the environment; b) further modeling of likely drug concentrations in the catchments of countries where humans and waterfowl come into frequent dose contact, and where significant Tamiflu deployment is envisaged; and c) further characterization of the risks of generating Tamiflu-resistant viruses in OC-exposed wildfowl.
Endothelin-receptor blockade improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in heart failure
Authors: Johann Bauersachs, Daniela Fraccarollo, Paolo Galuppo, Julian Widder, Georg Ertl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: To elucidate the effect of selective endothelin ETA- and mixed ETA/B-receptor antagonists on endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Vasoreactivity and superoxide anion formation were determined in aortic rings from Wistar rats 12 weeks after extensive MI (>46% of left ventricle) compared to sham-operated animals. Rats were either treated with the selective ETA-receptor antagonist LU 135252 (30 mg/kg/day), the mixed ETA/B-receptor antagonist Bosentan (100 mg/kg/day) or placebo. Results: In MI rats, the concentration–response curve of the endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated relaxation induced by acetylcholine was significantly shifted to the right and the maximum relaxation was attenuated. Long-term treatment with both ET antagonists significantly improved acetylcholine-induced relaxation in MI rats. LU 135252 was more effective than Bosentan. Endothelium-independent relaxations induced by sodium nitroprusside as well as endothelin- and phenylephrine-induced contractions were similar in all groups of rats. Plasma renin activity and aortic superoxide formation, which were enhanced in rats with heart failure, were normalized by LU 135252, but not by Bosentan treatment. Conclusions: Long-term treatment with ET-receptor antagonists improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in rats with chronic MI. This mechanism may essentially contribute to the beneficial effects of ET receptor blockade in heart failure.
Ocular and Adnexal Tumors: New and Controversial Aspects
Authors: David Shoch
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Readers who are familiar with Reese's elegant volume on tumors of the eye will wonder why a second book on this subject is necessary. The subtitle of Boniuk's text—new and controversial aspects—explains this. Further it is actually a transcription of a symposium held in Houston in November, 1962, at the dedication of the new research facilities of the Institute of Ophthalmology of the Texas Medical Center. An outstanding group of ophthalmologists, pathologists, and radiologists took part and formal papers were presented by each. For example, Reese spoke on precancerous and cancerous melanosis, Zimmerman on squamous cell carcinoma, Stallard on the conservative treatment and Meyer-Schwickerath on light coagulation treatment of retinoblastoma, Smith on the surgical approach to the orbit, and Lederman on radiation treatment of tumors of the orbit. Informative as these are to read, of even greater interest are the discussions, reprinted here in full. These give the book special
Testing for Shoulder Disorders—Reply
Authors: Job Hermans, Jolanda J. Luime, Duncan E. Meuffels
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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