tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REMARKS ON OTITIS MEDIA AND OTITIC SYPHILIS, WITH REPORT OF A RHINOLITH AND AN ACCESSORY TOOTH IN THE NOSE.
Authors: EDWARD F. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The etiology, symptoms and pathologic changes of an ordinary case of acute suppurative inflammation of the middle ear are more or less familiar to us all. The formation of pus in the tympanic cavity is usually followed by rupture of the drumhead and the discharge heralds an approaching sure and speedy recovery if drainage is free enough to permit the early exit of the pus. Such a case, free from complications, pursues a regular course and tends under careful hygienic and rational treatment, to spontaneous cure. Often, however, we meet with cases when for some reason the tympanic membrane does not yield to the pressure and the pus after invading the mastoid antrum and cells, may have to seek another outlet. The Eustachian tube, the natural ventilator of the middle ear, rarely serves as a drainage tube on account of the closure of its small lumen from inflammatory swelling, originating
Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Reveals Rapid Lactate Export in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Kayvan R. Keshari, Renuka Sriram, Bertram L. Koelsch, Mark Van Criekinge, David M. Wilson, John Kurhanewicz, Zhen J. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of aggressiveness. Noninvasive methods to confidently predict the tumor biologic behavior and select appropriate treatment are lacking. Here, we investigate the dynamic metabolic flux in living RCC cells using hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with a bioreactor platform and interrogated the biochemical basis of the MRS data with respect to cancer aggressiveness. RCC cells have significantly higher pyruvate-to-lactate flux than the normal renal tubule cells. Furthermore, a key feature distinguishing the localized from the metastatic RCC cells is the lactate efflux rate, mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). The metastatic RCC cells have significantly higher MCT4 expression and corresponding higher lactate efflux, which is essential for maintaining a high rate of glycolysis. We show that such differential cellular transporter expression and associated metabolic phenotype can be noninvasively assessed via real-time monitoring of hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate-to-lactate flux.
Quantitative determination of antibody to capsular polysaccharide in infection with type III strains of group B Streptococcus.
Authors: C J Baker, D L Kasper, IRAB Tager, A Paredes, S Alpert, W M McCormack, D Goroff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The development of antibody in response to invasive infection with type III strains of group B Streptococcus was studied in sera from 31 infants and 4 adults by means of a quantitative radioactive antigen-binding assay. Low concentrations of antibody were consistently found in the acute sera of patients who developed clinical illness. Although adults with puerperal sepsis and infants with bone or joint infection uniformly demonstrated significant rises in serum antibody concentration after recovery, much lower levels of antibody were detected in convalescent sera from infants recovering from meningitis or sepsis. The median antibody concentration in sera from 43 parturients with type III strains of group B Streptococcus isolated from vaginal cultures whose neonates failed to develop symptomatic disease was significantly greater than that in sera from 29 mothers of infants with invasive, type III, group B streptococcal infection. Study of paired maternal and cord sera demonstrated a significant correlation between the antibody concentration in a mother's serum and that in her neonate.
A recurrent de novo mutation in KCNC1 causes progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Authors: Mikko Muona, Samuel F Berkovic, Leanne M Dibbens, Karen L Oliver, Snezana Maljevic, Marta A Bayly, Tarja Joensuu, Laura Canafoglia, Silvana Franceschetti, Roberto Michelucci, Salla Markkinen, Sarah E Heron, Michael S Hildebrand, Eva Andermann, Frederick Andermann, Antonio Gambardella, Paolo Tinuper, Laura Licchetta, Ingrid E Scheffer, Chiara Criscuolo, Alessandro Filla, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Jamil Ahmad, Adeel Ahmad, Betul Baykan, Edith Said, Meral Topcu, Patrizia Riguzzi, Mary D King, Cigdem Ozkara, Danielle M Andrade, Bernt A Engelsen, Arielle Crespel, Matthias Lindenau, Ebba Lohmann, Veronica Saletti, João Massano, Michael Privitera, Alberto J Espay, Birgit Kauffmann, Michael Duchowny, Rikke S Møller, Rachel Straussberg, Zaid Afawi, Bruria Ben-Zeev, Kaitlin E Samocha, Mark J Daly, Steven Petrou, Holger Lerche, Aarno Palotie, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
In vitro proliferative responses and antibody titers specific to human acetylcholine receptor synthetic peptides in patients with myasthenia gravis and relation to HLA class II genes.
Authors: S Brocke, C Brautbar, L Steinman, O Abramsky, J Rothbard, D Neumann, S Fuchs, E Mozes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To investigate which parts of the acetylcholine receptor are involved in the initiation and development of myasthenia gravis (MG), peptides representing different sequences of the human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit were synthesized. These peptides were tested for their ability to stimulate T cells of myasthenic patients and healthy control patients in proliferation assays and to bind to sera antibodies. Three of eight peptides discriminated significantly between the two groups in the proliferation assay, as well as in their ability to bind to serum antibodies. HLA-DR3 and DR5 were associated with proliferative responses to specific AChR peptides in the group of myasthenics. Acetylcholine receptor epitopes that might play a specific role in myasthenia gravis thus were demonstrated.
Macrophage inflammatory protein–1α as a costimulatory signal for mast cell–mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Dai Miyazaki, Takao Nakamura, Masako Toda, Kam-Wa Cheung-Chau, Ricardo M. Richardson, Santa Jeremy Ono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Regulation of the immune response requires the cooperation of multiple signals in the activation of effector cells. For example, T cells require signals emanating from both the TCR for antigen (upon recognition of MHC/antigenic peptide) and receptors for costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80 and CD60) for full activation. Here we show that IgE-mediated reactions in the conjunctiva also require multiple signals. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the conjunctiva were inhibited in mice deficient in macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) despite normal numbers of tissue mast cells and no decrease in the levels of allergen-specific IgE. Treatment of sensitized animals with neutralizing antibodies with specificity for MIP-1alpha also inhibited hypersensitivity in the conjunctiva. In both cases (MIP-1alpha deficiency and antibody treatment), the degranulation of mast cells in situ was affected. In vitro sensitization assays showed that MIP-1alpha is indeed required for optimal mast cell degranulation, along with cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcepsilonRI. The data indicate that MIP-1alpha constitutes an important second signal for mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva in vivo and consequently for acute-phase disease. Antagonizing the interaction of MIP-1alpha with its receptor CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) or signal transduction from CCR1 may therefore prove to be effective as an antiinflammatory therapy on the ocular surface.
Doctoral-Level Programs Prepare Nurses for Expanded Roles in Care and Research
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

FOR KARA VENTURA, COMPLETING the doctor of nursing practice degree at Columbia University seemed the natural next step in her career. As an RN, MS-PNP, she was already caring for pediatric patients with liver and intestinal diseases as part of a multidisciplinary team at the Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. The training she received in the DrNP program prepared her to take on greater authority over her patients’ care, whether they were in the outpatient clinic, the emergency department, or a hospital bed. Ventura, who earned her DrNP in 2007, is part of a growing cadre of nurses who have received doctoral-level training in clinical practice. Columbia University created the first such clinical doctorate in nursing program in 1999; until then, PhD-level nursing programs prepared nurses for research or administrative careers. Now 92 such programs are enrolling students, with 102 more programs being planned, according to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). From 2007 to 2008, the number of individuals enrolled in such programs nearly doubled, from 1874 to 3415. The numbers of these highly trained clinicians will continue to grow, as the AACN is requiring all advanced practice nursing programs to shift from the master’s degree level to the doctoral level by 2015. According to C. Fay Raines, PhD, RN, president of the AACN, as clinical care has become increasingly complex, colleges of nursing have responded by adding credits to existing programs to better prepare nurses. However, with such additions, master’s degree programs have grown to have credit loads similar to those of doctoral programs. Rather than continue down this path, the AACN has established guidelines to help nursing
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of de Quervain's tenosynovitis
Authors: M Kamel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

de Quervain’s disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis. There is inflammation of the cellular lining membrane of fibrous tube through which the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis move, at the radial styloid process beneath the flexor retinaculum. The disease may occur in rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory synovitides, and pregnancy. Patients have considerable pain and a weak hand grip.

We investigated the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and monitored the changes in tendon sheath after ultrasound guided local steroid injection. Twenty one patients with a clinical diagnosis of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and 10 healthy subjects were studied prospectively. We used a visual analogue scale (VAS) 0–10 and grip strength to measure pain.

The ultrasound examination was performed using an HDI 3000 from ATL (USA) with an 11 MHz linear …
Breast cancer gene variants: separating the harmful from the harmless
Authors: Susan M. Domchek, Roger A. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Individuals carrying a mutation in the breast cancer 1, early onset gene (BRCA1) are at increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer and thus are candidates for risk reduction strategies such as oophorectomy and mastectomy. A recurring problem in the clinic is that many detectable changes within the BRCA1 gene produce subtle alterations to the protein that are not easily recognized as either harmful (loss-of-function) alleles or harmless and thus inconsequential polymorphisms. In this issue of the JCI, Chang, Sharan, and colleagues describe a novel system to evaluate human BRCA1 alleles for in vivo function using BACs containing human BRCA1 vectors in mouse cells and embryos (see the related article beginning on page 3160). This strategy should provide new avenues for clinicians to interpret results of genetic testing of BRCA1 variants and for researchers to study the basic molecular mechanisms of BRCA1 function in in vivo model systems.
Molecular Determinants of the Interaction between <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and Human Cells
Authors: Joseph W. St. Geme
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Haemophilus influenzae is a human-specific pathogen that must colonize the human upper respiratory tract to avoid extinction. On occasion, organisms penetrate the epithelial barrier and cause bacteremic disease or spread within the respiratory tract to produce localized disease. Attachment to host epithelium is fundamental to the process of colonization and to the pathogenesis of disease. Accordingly, H. influenzae has evolved to express a number of factors that promote interaction with human epithelial cells. Our current understanding of H. influenzae type band nontypable H. influenzae adhesins is reviewed in this report. In addition, models are proposed for the interrelationship of these molecules.
Occurrence of Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in Patients with Nonspirochetal Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Alan T. Kaell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine the prevalence and specificity of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with nonspirochetal subacute bacterial endocarditis and assess whether increased levels of antibodies to B. burgdorferi were attributable to rheumatoid factor.Retrospective case-control study.Urban referral center in an area devoid of infected ticks as a source of endocarditis sera.Sera from 30 consecutive patients with culture-proven subacute endocarditis between 1979 and 1981 were compared with 30 control sera collected between 1989 and 1990. In addition, sera from 20 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were positive for rheumatoid factor were collected between 1991 and 1992. Sera were compared with a convenience sample from 15 patients who met the criteria for Lyme disease.Antibodies to B. burgdorferi were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. IgM rheumatoid factor was quantified using solid-phase radioimmunoassay or latex agglutination techniques.Thirteen of 30 patients with endocarditis (43%) compared with 3 of 30 normal controls (10%) had increased levels of antibodies to B. burgdorferi (P < 0.01). Of these 13 patients, only 1 had an immunoblot consistent with previous infection. The others had nonspecific immunoblots: 5 showed isolated 60-kd reactivity; 1 patient had isolated 41-kd reactivity; and 6 had no bands of reactivity. Immunoblots of the 3 controls with increased antibodies showed only isolated 41-kd reactivity. Thus, the specificity of the B. burgdorferi antibody test in patients with endocarditis was only 60% (95% CI, 42% to 78%), compared with 90% (CI, 79% to 100%) in controls. No correlation was noted between IgM rheumatoid factor and antibodies to B. burgdorferi in patients with endocarditis (r = 0.2; P > 0.2). Only 1 of 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without known bacterial infections had antibodies to B. burgdorferi.Although a positive ELISA test for B. burgdorferi may be a "true positive," a positive serologic test alone does not ensure that the clinical problem is due to Lyme borreliosis. Cross-reactive antibodies to shared epitopes between B. burgdorferi and the endocarditis organism may account for the high false-positive results.
Catecholamines in coronary sinus and peripheral plasma during pacing-induced angina in man.
Authors: L Schwartz, M J Sole, E F Vaughan-Neil, N M Hussain
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We measured aortic and coronary sinus dopamine (DA), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) in eight patients with cardiac ischemia (I) and eight control subjects (C). Samples were taken at rest (73 +/- 3 beats/min in C and 68 +/- 3 beats/min in I) and during coronary sinus pacing to peak rates (144 +/- 4 beats/min in C and 136 +/- 6 beats/min in I). Arterial NE was higher in the ischemic patients at rest (254 +/- 25 pg/ml in C and 324 +/- 21 in I; p less than 0.05). There were no differences in arterial E and DA. Neither pacing nor angina affected peripheral catecholamine concentrations. Resting myocardial NE flux was similar for both groups. With pacing, coronary sinus flow and net myocardial NE release increased significantly in both groups. The maximum relative increase in net myocardial NE release was less in the ischemic patients than in the controls (575 +/- 145% in C and 255 +/- 40% in I; p less than 0.05). Thus, angina induced by pacing does not augment peripheral sympathetic activity. Furthermore, pacing-induced angina appears to be associated with a decrease in cardiac sympathetic tone compared with that found in paced controls.
Quality Grand Rounds
Authors: David Hirsch, Peter Gliatto, Yasmin Meah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters6 May 2003Quality Grand RoundsDavid Hirsch, MD, Peter Gliatto, MD, and Yasmin Meah, MDDavid Hirsch, MDMount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029 (Hirsch, Gliatto, Meah)Search for more papers by this author, Peter Gliatto, MDMount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029 (Hirsch, Gliatto, Meah)Search for more papers by this author, and Yasmin Meah, MDMount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029 (Hirsch, Gliatto, Meah)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00023-w1 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As chief residents in an internal medicine program, we recognize that residency is a time when addressing medical mistakes is especially important. Failing to recognize errors misses the opportunity to cultivate a vigilance that is essential in medicine. Being called to task on an error, however, can be an ego-crushing experience. We agree with the editorial accompanying the first article in the Annals Quality Grand Rounds series (1) that morbidity and mortality conferences or department-wide quality assurance rounds are often inadequate forums for learning from medical errors. In addition, we think such conferences inhibit group participation.We ...References1. Wachter RM, Shojania KG, Saint S, Markowitz AJ, Smith M. Learning from our mistakes: quality grand rounds, a new case-based series on medical errors and patient safety [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:850-2. [PMID: 12044134] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Chassin MR, Becher EC. The wrong patient. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:826-33. [PMID: 12044131] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029 (Hirsch, Gliatto, Meah) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Wrong Patient Mark R. Chassin and Elise C. Becher Learning from Our Mistakes: Quality Grand Rounds, a New Case-Based Series on Medical Errors and Patient Safety Robert M. Wachter , Kaveh G. Shojania , Sanjay Saint , Amy J. Markowitz , and Mark Smith Metrics Cited byTeaching Medical Students About Medical Errors and Patient Safety: Evaluation of a Required Curriculum 6 May 2003Volume 138, Issue 9Page: W-50KeywordsExerciseHealth care quality assessmentMorbidityMortalityPatientsProblem solvingResidency ePublished: 6 May 2003 Issue Published: 6 May 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B Blum, A G Mowat, G Bentley, J R Morris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

MacIntosh metallic tibial plateau prostheses have been used in the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre since 1966 in the knees of patients with rheumatoid arthri- tis, following the description of the use of these prostheses for the relief of pain and the correction of deformity by MacIntosh (1966).Since that time
Terminal Ileum Neuroendocrine Incidentaloma in a Patient With Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Alessio Imperiale, Edmond Rust, Cyrielle Boulanger, Marie-Noelle Roedlich, Jean-Claude Ollier, Olivier Schneegans
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

An incidentaloma is a mass lesion incidentally found, of uncertain significance, and clinically inert. Although incidentaloma is commonly referred to designate an adrenal lesion, it can denote any incidental lesion of other organs. We describe the unexpected finding of an ileum neuroendocrine incidentaloma detected by 6-L-(18F)-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) PET/CT performed in an asymptomatic patient with history of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and biochemical suspicion of recurrent disease. This report underlines the high FDOPA PET/CT sensitivity for neuroendocrine tumor detection and the need of complementary diagnostic investigations elucidating the significance of extraphysiological FDOPA intestinal uptake, even in patients with unrelated primary cancer.
Abstract 1421: Down-regulation of neuronal repressor gene REST inhibits tumor growth in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Zhichao Zhou, Eugenie Kleinerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma is a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). The abnormal differentiation of neuronal stem cells may relate to tumorigenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is a neuronal repressor gene which regulates neuronal stem cell differentiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of REST in Ewing's sarcoma. Our results demonstrated that three human Ewing's sarcoma cell lines TC71, A4573 and SK-ES expressed high levels of REST. Six of seven tumor samples from patients with Ewing's sarcoma were shown REST positive. Transfection of EWS-FLI-1 into mesenchymal stem cells up-regulated REST expression. Down-regulation of EWS-FLI-1 using si-RNA inhibited REST expression in TC71 cells, suggesting EWS-FLI-1 fusion protein regulates REST expression in Ewing's sarcoma. The siRNA-REST stable transfected cell line was established to down-regulate REST expression in TC71 Ewing's sarcoma cells. In vivo experiments indicated that Ewing's sarcoma tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the mice injected with si-REST-TC71 cells compared to the mice injected with si-control cells. Down-regulation of REST inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in TC71 tumors. The immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tumor vessels and pericyte marker expression were reduced in si-REST tumor tissues. Inhibition of REST decreased the early neural differentiation marker MSX-1 expression and up-regulated the terminal neural differentiation marker β-Tubulin III (Tuj) expression. These data suggesting that neuronal repressor gene REST plays an important role in tumor development of Ewing's sarcoma. Inhibition of REST suppressed tumor growth and altered neuronal differentiation marker expression in Ewing's sarcoma. REST is a potential target for treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1421. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1421
HBV DNA suppression and HBsAg clearance in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients on lamivudine therapy for over 5years
Authors: Massimo Fasano, Pietro Lampertico, Alfredo Marzano, Vito Di Marco, Grazia Anna Niro, Giuseppina Brancaccio, Andrea Marengo, Gaetano Scotto, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Mario Rizzetto, Gioacchino Angarano, Teresa Santantonio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Premonitory Signs of Homicidal Aggression in Juveniles
Authors: CARL P. MALMQUIST
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

This article delineates some of the clinical features observed in juveniles who have committed a homicide. Prodromal signs before the act was committed included behavioral changes, "cries for help," use of drugs, object losses, threats to manhood, somatization, an emotional crescendo, and homosexual threats. The author believes the homocide can serve the illusory function of saving one's self and ego from destruction by displacing onto someone else the focus for aggressive discharge.