tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Enzyme-linked Immunospot for a Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Claudia Jafari, Steven Thijsen, Giovanni Sotgiu, Delia Goletti, José Antonio Domínguez Benítez, Monica Losi, Ralf Eberhardt, Detlef Kirsten, Barbara Kalsdorf, Aik Bossink, Irene Latorre, Giovanni B. Migliori, Alan Strassburg, Susanne Winteroll, Ulf Greinert, Luca Richeldi, Martin Ernst, Christoph Lange
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: The rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is difficult when acid fast bacilli (AFB) cannot be detected in sputum smears.Objectives: Following a proof of principle study, we examined in routine clinical practice whether individuals with sputum AFB smear-negative TB can be discriminated from those with latent TB infection by local immunodiagnosis with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay.Methods: Subjects suspected of having active TB who were unable to produce sputum or with AFB-negative sputum smears were prospectively enrolled at Tuberculosis Network European Trialsgroup centers in Europe. ELISpot with early-secretory-antigenic-target–6 and culture-filtrate-protein–10 peptides was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bronchoalveolar lavage mononuclear cells (BALMCs). M. tuberculosis–specific nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Measurements and Main Results: Seventy-one of 347 (20.4%) patients had active TB. Out of 276 patients who had an alternative diagnosis, 127 (46.0%) were considered to be latently infected with M. tuberculosis by a positive PBMC ELISpot result. The sensitivity and specificity of BALMC ELISpot for the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB were 91 and 80%, respectively. The BALMC ELISpot (diagnostic odds ratio [OR], 40.4) was superior to PBMC ELISpot (OR, 10.0), tuberculin skin test (OR, 7.8), and M. tuberculosis specific NAAT (OR, 12.4) to diagnose sputum AFB smear-negative TB. In contrast to PBMC ELISpot and tuberculin skin test, the BALMC ELISpot was not influenced by previous history of TB.Conclusions: Bronchoalveolar lavage ELISpot is an important advancement to rapidly distinguish sputum AFB smear-negative TB from latent TB infection in routine clinical practice.
Hepatitis C virus persisting after clinically apparent sustained virological response to antiviral therapy retains infectivity in vitro
Authors: Sonya A. MacParland, Tram N. Q. Pham, Clifford S. Guy, Tomasz I. Michalak
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can persist in the liver, lymphoid cells, and serum of individuals with apparently complete spontaneous or therapy-induced resolution of hepatitis C and can replicate in vivo and in vitro in human T cells. The current study was aimed at assessing the infectivity of HCV persisting at very low levels using the previously established HCV infection system in human T cells. Naive lymphoid cells were exposed to plasma and/or supernatants from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nine individuals with apparent sustained virological response after completion of antiviral therapy. Exposed cells were analyzed for HCV RNA-positive and HCV RNA-negative strands and, in selected cases, for HCV nonstructural protein 5a (NS5a), the appearance of HCV variants, and the release of virions by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). The results showed that 11 of the 12 established cultures became HCV RNA-positive strand-reactive, whereas 4 also expressed the virus replicative strand. NS5a protein was detected in the de novo infected cells, and clonal sequencing revealed HCV variants not found in inocula. IEM demonstrated enveloped HCV particles in plasma used as inocula and in culture supernatant from T cells exposed to that plasma. Overall, HCV carried in three of the nine individuals studied elicited productive infection in vitro.HCV persisting at very low levels long after therapy-induced resolution of chronic hepatitis C can remain infectious. The retained biological competence of the virus might have implications with respect to the mechanisms of its persistence and the epidemiology of HCV infection.
Doctors fight US company patent on umbilical cord blood
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Doctors in Europe are fighting against the granting of a patent to a United States company for the use of blood from umbilical cords and placentas. This cord blood, which is rich in stem cells, can be used as an alternative to bone marrow transplants.

Biocyte was granted a Europe-wide patent last year by the European Patent Office in Munich for the cryopreservation of cord blood. The blood itself cannot be patented but the patent means that doctors wanting to …
Risk Factors for Primary Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Children in Finland
Authors: Aino K. Takala
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To study risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease among children.A population-based, case-control study of 149 cases and 284 controls matched for age, sex, and place of residence.Finland, November 1986 through November 1989.Patients were identified from a prospective nationwide surveillance for invasive bacterial diseases among children (0 to 15 years of age) through a network of bacteriologic laboratories. Two matched controls were selected for 135 of the cases and one matched control for 14 of the cases from the respective cases' child health center or school. Questionnaires evaluating potential risk factors were mailed to families of cases and controls.An increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 2 years was associated with day care center attendance (odds ratio [OR] = 36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7 to 233), family day care (OR = 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 12), and history of frequent otitis media (OR = 8.8; 95% CI, 2.5 31). For those at least 2 years of age, existence of siblings younger than school-age indicated increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4).Day care center attendance is a major risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease for children younger than 2 years, with significantly higher risk than the risk associated with family day care.
An Islamic View to Stem Cell Research and Cloning: Iran's Experience
Authors: Kiarash Aramesh, Soroush Dabbagh
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

We created man of an extraction of clay, then we set him a drop in a safe lodging, then we created of the drop a clot, then we created of the clot a tissue, then we created of the tissue bones, the...
Hormonal Dependence of the Effects of Metabolic Encephalopathy on Cerebral Perfusion and Oxygen Utilization in the Rat
Authors: Ewa Kozniewska, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Zinaida S. Vexler, M. Oseka, John Kucharczyk, Allen I. Arieff
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that in adult rats with chronic hyponatremia, both symptoms of encephalopathy and mortality largely depend upon the gender of the animal and the presence of elevated plasma levels of vasopressin (AVP). Since effects of AVP on blood vessels may be gender dependent, the present study was designed to compare the effects of chronic (4 days) hyponatremia on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ), and cerebral perfusion index (CPI) in adult male and female rats. CBF (intra-arterial 133 Xe injection method) and CMRO 2 (arteriovenous difference of cerebral oxygen content×CBF) were measured in normonatremic and hyponatremic (hyponatremia induced with 140 mmol/L glucose and either AVP or desmopressin [dDAVP], plasma sodium=100 to 110 mmol/L) adult rats of both genders. The CPI was assessed from magnetic resonance imaging of the transit of magnetic susceptibility contrast agent through the brain. Female rats with AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia had a 36% decrease in CBF and a 60% decrease in CMRO 2 . In male animals, both parameters were not different from control values. AVP-induced hyponatremia resulted in a 45% decrease in CPI in female rats, but hyponatremia induced with dDAVP did not affect CPI in either male or female rats. Chronic (4 days) administration of AVP did not affect CPI in either male or female normonatremic rats. When rats with AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia were pretreated with estrogen, the CPI in males was not different from that in females. Our results demonstrate that during AVP-induced chronic hyponatremia in female rats, there is significant depression of both oxygen utilization and blood flow in the brain.
Needle and Catheter Colonization in Pregnant Diabetic Patients Using the Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pump
Authors: Manuel E Rivera-Alsina, Shelly Willis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The incidence of bacterial colonization and risk of infection associated with the use of continuous insulin infusion pump (CIIP) was examined in 11 pregnant diabetic patients. All patients received instruction on specific aspects of CIIP and needle insertion technique according to the protocol used in our institution. A total of 220 cultures was performed on the subcutaneous needle and connective tubing. There was no clinical evidence of infection. In conclusion, the risk of infectious cutaneous complications in the pregnant diabetic patient using CIIP is not increased over the nonpregnant diabetic population.
Altered Myocardial Function and Metabolism in Chronic Diabetes Mellitus without Ischemia in Dogs
Authors: TIMOTHY J. REGAN, PHILIP O. ETTINGER, MOHAMMAD I. KHAN, MOHAN U. JESRANI, MICHAEL M. LYONS, HENRY A. OLDEWURTEL, MARILYN WEBER
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Myocardial disease in diabetes mellitus is usually attributed to coronary atherosclerosis. To examine the influence of uncomplicated diabetes on the left ventricle, a mild noninsulin-requiring diabetes was produced in male mongrel dogs after three intravenous doses of alloxan were administered at monthly intervals. There was a persistent decline in glucose tolerance and a reduced insulin content in the pancreas of each alloxan-diabetic dog at the termination of the experiment. The dogs were anesthetized for hemodynamic and metabolic studies after approximately 11 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and cardiac output were measured by the indicator-dilution method. An increase in afterload with moderate aortic pressure elevations elicited a significant rise in end-diastolic volume and stroke volume in normal control dogs. In diabetes, despite a similar end-diastolic pressure response, the end-diastolic volume and the stroke volume responses were significantly less than those in control dogs. During acute volume expansion of the ventricle with saline, the end-diastolic pressure increment in diabetic dogs was twice that in control dogs. These responses were attributed to an increased stiffness of the left ventricle that was apparently due to accumulation of glycoprotein (measured by periodic acid-Schiff staining) in the interstitium. Since similar abnormalities were observed in dogs with diabetes occurring spontaneously and were absent when the pancreatic effects of alloxan were inhibited in a separate group of dogs, the pathogenetic role of alloxan via a direct action on myocardium was excluded. Analysis of lipids in the left ventricle revealed elevated triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations despite normal plasma levels. During infusion of 14 C-1-oleic acid, cardiac oxidation appeared to be normal, but fatty acid incorporation, which was predominantly into phospholipid in the control dogs, was diverted to triglyceride in the diabetic dogs. Since an aberration of de novo synthesis was not found during studies with 14 C-acetate, triglyceride accumulation was attributed to altered intracellular metabolism, perhaps related to glycerol phosphate acyl transferase activity. The basis for cholesterol accumulation was less clear, since neither 14 C-acetate nor 14 C-oleate incorporation into sterol was enhanced. Myocardial ischemia was excluded on the basis of patency of coronary arteries and normal coronary blood flow, myocardial cation content, and mitochondrial morphology. Thus, it was concluded that chronic diabetes mellitus can alter myocardial composition and function independent of vascular effects.
"Patients with terminal cancer" who have neither terminal illness nor cancer.
Authors: W D Rees, S B Dover, T S Low-Beer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Revue de 4 observations d'erreurs de diagnostic ayant amene dans des services de «soins pour cancer au stade terminal» des malades exempts de cancer et qui survivent. Ces cas sont rares (4 sur 1635 hospitalisations)
Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: findings of the child health and education study.
Authors: C. M. Verity, E. M. Ross, J. Golding
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To identify children with afebrile seizures in a national cohort, classify the seizures, and document progress in the first 10 years of life. DESIGN--Population based birth cohort study. SETTING--The child health and education study, which includes 16,004 neonatal survivors (98.5% of infants born in the United Kingdom during one week of April 1970). SUBJECTS--14,676 children for whom relevant information was available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Responses to parental and general practitioner questionnaires and hospital records at 5 and 10 years after birth. RESULTS--84 children (42 boys, 42 girls) had had one or more afebrile seizure (incidence 5.7/1000). 63 children (31 boys, 32 girls) had epilepsy (incidence 4.3/1000). 49 of 55 children had a second seizure within a year of the first. The commonest seizure types were tonic-clonic (42) and complex partial (25). A greater proportion of children with complex partial seizures had recurrences. Children who had infantile spasms or a mixed seizure disorder had a poor outcome. All six children who died had symptomatic seizures in the first year, but seizures were not the direct cause of death. CONCLUSIONS--The results of this study are probably representative of seizure patterns in the general population. Outcome after seizures is determined more by the underlying disease than by the seizures themselves.
Follicular mucinosis associated with imatinib (STI571)
Authors: T. YANAGI, D. SAWAMURA, H. SHIMIZU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, The development of the specific inhibitor of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase, imatinib mesylate, is a notable success in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).1 However, most patients treated with imatinib experience mild to moderate side‐effects. The haematological adverse effects include anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, while superficial oedema, nausea, muscle cramps and skin eruptions are also observed as some of the nonhaematological adverse effects.2 As imatinib maintains its therapeutic effects through a novel molecular targeting strategy, it may also be involved in various types of pharmacological and allergic reactions in the skin that have never been identified until now. We report a CML patient who developed follicular mucinosis during the course of her treatment with imatinib. A 53‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to the Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, with an itchy eruption on her face. She had been diagnosed as having CML a year before and was immediately given imatinib at a daily dose of 300–600 mg. A facial eruption appeared 2 months after the initiation of imatinib treatment, although she had already achieved a complete haematological remission with a complete cytogenetic response. Afterwards the skin lesion gradually expanded and infiltrated. On physical examination the lesion revealed a symmetrical, indurated plaque with slight erythema extending from the dorsum of her nose to the cheeks (Fig. 1). Her past history was unremarkable. Her family history indicated that her father had suffered from colon cancer at the age of 62 years.
The Emergence and Representation of Knowledge about Social and Nonsocial Hierarchies
Authors: Dharshan Kumaran, Hans Ludwig Melo, Emrah Duzel
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Primates are remarkably adept at ranking each other within social hierarchies, a capacity that is critical to successful group living. Surprisingly little, however, is understood about the neurobiology underlying this quintessential aspect of primate cognition. In our experiment, participants first acquired knowledge about a social and a nonsocial hierarchy and then used this information to guide investment decisions. We found that neural activity in the amygdala tracked the development of knowledge about a social, but not a nonsocial, hierarchy. Further, structural variations in amygdala gray matter volume accounted for interindividual differences in social transitivity performance. Finally, the amygdala expressed a neural signal selectively coding for social rank, whose robustness predicted the influence of rank on participants' investment decisions. In contrast, we observed that the linear structure of both social and nonsocial hierarchies was represented at a neural level in the hippocampus. Our study implicates the amygdala in the emergence and representation of knowledge about social hierarchies and distinguishes the domain-general contribution of the hippocampus.
Poikiloderma, tendon contracture and pulmonary fibrosis: a new autosomal dominant syndrome?
Authors: N.P. Khumalo, K. Pillay, P. Beighton, H. Wainwright, B. Walker, N. Saxe, B.M. Mayosi, E.D. Bateman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Poikiloderma, tendon contracture and pulmonary fibrosis: a new autosomal dominant syndrome? Get access N.P. Khumalo, N.P. Khumalo Divisions of Dermatology, Cardiology N.P. Khumalo. E‐mail: nkhumalo@uctgsh1.uct.ac.za Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Pillay, K. Pillay Anatomical Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Beighton, P. Beighton Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Wainwright, H. Wainwright Anatomical Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Walker, B. Walker Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Saxe, N. Saxe Divisions of Dermatology, Cardiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.M. Mayosi, B.M. Mayosi Divisions of Dermatology, Cardiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.D. Bateman E.D. Bateman Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 5, 1 November 2006, Pages 1057–1061, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07473.x Published: 01 November 2006 Article history Accepted: 17 April 2006 Published: 01 November 2006
Noninvasive Detection of Macrophage-Rich Atherosclerotic Plaque in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits Using “Positive Contrast” Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Grigorios Korosoglou, Robert G. Weiss, Dorota A. Kedziorek, Piotr Walczak, Wesley D. Gilson, Michael Schär, David E. Sosnovik, Dara L. Kraitchman, Raymond C. Boston, Jeff W.M. Bulte, Ralph Weissleder, Matthias Stuber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: symptoms, erosions, and Barrett's--what is the interplay?
Authors: P Sharma
Journal: Gut (2005)

The presence of Barrett’s oesophagus may exert a negative impact on healing of erosive oesophagitis in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

The outcomes of patients with erosive oesophagitis, treated with acid suppression therapy (proton pump inhibitors), has been dictated by the baseline severity of erosive oesophagitis, presence of hiatus hernia, duration of therapy and, in some studies, by the Helicobacter pylori status of the patients.1,2 It has been shown that higher grades of erosive oesophagitis (Los Angeles grades C and D) have significantly lower healing rates as opposed to those with lower grades of erosive oesophagitis (grades A and B). Moreover, the majority of the oesophagitis trials have evaluated healing at four and eight weeks, showing a higher proportion of patients with all grades of erosive oesophagitis healed at week 8 compared with week 4.3,4 Similar data on healing at >8 weeks are not consistently available in the literature. Not only do patients with severe grades of erosive oesophagitis have a higher degree of oesophageal acid exposure compared with those with either no oesophagitis or low grades of oesophagitis, but they also have low amplitude of oesophageal contractions and the presence of large hiatus hernias.5 Therefore, it is not surprising that the poor pathophysiology associated with severe erosive oesophagitis leads to poor healing rates. Although a few studies have correlated H pylori status with oesophagitis healing, with H pylori positivity associated with improved healing rates, this has not been consistently documented.6 This may be a phenomenon …
959 REDUCING LATENT CRYOINJURY IN ENCAPSULATED HEPG2S USING AN ENGINEERED FORM OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR, 1K1
Authors: I. Massie, J. Ross, E. Gheradi, N. Mallorqui-Fernandez, H. Hodgson, C. Selden, B. Fuller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Analysis of hepatitis B virus transcripts in infected human livers
Authors: Tsung-Sheng Su, Wing-Yiu Lui, Ling-Huang Lin, Shou-Hwa Han, Fang-Ku P’eng
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The hepatitis B virus transcripts in human hepatoma and its adjacent nontumorous liver were examined with probes specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen, core antigen, X region and pre-S region. The study shows that the patterns of hepatitis B virus transcripts for tumorous tissue and the counterpart in nontumorous liver differ. In most of the tissues examined, the surface antigen gene is transcribed. Most of these transcripts, besides having surface antigen sequences, also have an X region; some also include a pre-S region. The transcripts that hybridized to a core-specific probe were a pair of poly(A+) RNA, 3.5 and 2.2 kilobases in size, present in two of the nontumorous hepatocytes where the virus was actively replicating. The 3.5-kilobase transcript not only hybridized to the core probe, but was able to be hybridized to other hepatitis B virus subgenomic probes and might represent the RNA pregenome involving hepatitis B virus DNA replication. Whereas most of the transcripts hybridizable to hepatitis B virus probe are in the size range of 2.1 to 2.7 kilobases, some transcripts other than the pregenomic RNA appear to be greater than 3.2 kilobases in size and may represent the hybrid RNAs of viral and host sequences.
RAGE mediates amyloid-β peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain
Authors: Rashid Deane, Shi Du Yan, Ram Kumar Submamaryan, Barbara LaRue, Suzana Jovanovic, Elizabeth Hogg, Deborah Welch, Lawrence Manness, Chang Lin, Jin Yu, Hong Zhu, Jorge Ghiso, Blas Frangione, Alan Stern, Ann Marie Schmidt, Don L Armstrong, Bernd Arnold, Birgit Liliensiek, Peter Nawroth, Florence Hofman, Mark Kindy, David Stern, Berislav Zlokovic
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
HEART RATE REDUCTION WITH IVABRADINE IMPROVES SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM CYCLING IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS WITH MODERATE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ramesh C. Gupta, Mengjun Wang, Itamar Ilsar, Michael S. Sabbah, Kaitlin Dye, Andrew Cavanagh, Sharad Rastogi, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Keratoacanthomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Patients Receiving Sorafenib
Authors: Jean Philippe Arnault, Janine Wechsler, Bernard Escudier, Alain Spatz, Gorana Tomasic, Vincent Sibaud, Selim Aractingi, Jean-Didier Grange, Vichnou Poirier-Colame, David Malka, Jean-Charles Soria, Christine Mateus, Caroline Robert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)