tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late diagnosis of frontal meningiomas
Authors: R Weller, H W Clague
Journal: BMJ (1988)

part in autoaggressive diseases, particularly in inflammatory joint disease in predisposed people, so the association between HIV infection and inflammatory joint disease is no longer a surprise.Moreover, the data, although preliminary, may shed some light on the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection and autoaggressive disorders.The investigation of y interferon concentrations in the serum of people with HIV infection has to be extended.The increased y interferon concentrations in HIV infection suggest the presence of pre- activated cellular immunity despite severe immunodeficiency.Thus in these patients im- munodeficiency is, in general, not the result of diminished release of y interferon by T lymphocytes but is caused by persistent exposure ofcells to various immunogens.The reduced ability of T cells in AIDS to release y interferon is, therefore, restricted to in vitro studies.4
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND PLATELET LABELLING IN THE STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Y. Yano, K. H. Brenna, M. Singh, J. A. Twitchell, D. A. Carpenter, E. M. Mazoyer, S. N. Ebbe, C. A. Mathis, T. F. Budinger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

It has been reported that diverse types of injury to the rabbit endothelial aortic wall causes varying response reactions each triggered by different stimuli. We have utilized PET and Ga-68 platelets to study mechanically induced endothelial damage in the rabbit aorta. Ga-68 (tl/2 = 68min) was eluted as Ga-68C13 from NEN's Ge-68/Ga-68 (Sn02/1N HCl) generator and purified by ether extraction from 6N HCl. Ga-68 complex with 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (MPO) was formed in the presence of acetate buffer. Ga-68-MPO labelling efficiency was determined by newly developed HPLC method using C-18 R/P column and CH3OH: citrate solvent. Separated platelets were then labelled with Ga-68-MPO and imaged with PET. The embolectomy catheter was introduced intrafemorally and pushed cranially to the aortic arch (20cm from femoral opening). The bulb was inflated and the aorta scraped 3x before removing the catheter and ligating the artery. Platelet adhesion was observed to occur on the damaged endothelial aortic wall. A gamma-well counter comparison for radioactivity on the damaged descending aorta and undamaged carotid arteries revealed a four-fold increase in activity in the aorta. Damage to the endothelial cells in vivo can be caused by several factors (i.e., hypercholesterolaemia, immunological damage, hypertension, hypoxia, endotoxin and noradrenalin). The achievement of reliable platelet labelling with a positron emitter allows us to image the accumulation and turnover of platelets. Validation of the biological integrity after labelling is being done with Ga-67.
FOXP1 as a Potential ER Coregulator in Human Breast Cancer.
Authors: T. Shigekawa, T. Shigekawa, N. Ijichi, S. Takayama, H. Tsuda, K. Ikeda, K. Horie, A. Osaki, T. Saeki, S. Inoue, S. Inoue
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Estrogen activates the estrogen receptor (ER) by recruiting various coregulators and cofactors, resulting in transcriptional regulation of target genes. Recently, we have shown that the FOXP1 forkhead transcription factor is a novel androgen-regulated coregulator for the androgen receptor (Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 374, 388-93, 2008). However, its role in breast cancer is still unknown.Here, we investigated the expression pattern of FOXP1 by immunohistochemistry in a series of 110 invasive breast cancers and compared it with clinicopathological factors. The expression of FOXP1 was detected in nuclei in 76 cases (69.1%) and correlated with expressions of ERα (P=0.001) and progesterone receptor (PgR) (P=0.003), while there was no association with age, lymph node status, size, or grade. Expression levels of FOXP1 mRNA are investigated by qRT-PCR using samples selectively obtained from breast cancer specimens with laser microdissection system (Zeiss Axiovert + P.A.L.M laser microdisection system). ERα, ERβ, and PgR mRNA levels were also measured.Then, we examined expression and function of FOXP1 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells that possess functional ERα. The expression level of FOXP1 mRNA was up-regulated by estrogen treatment. In addition, estrogen-responsive element-driven luciferase reporter analysis showed that exogenously transfected FOXP1 increased estrogen-dependent transcriptional activity. We also observed that FOXP1 overexpression and knockdown could modulate the growth of MCF-7 cells.Taken together, these findings suggest that FOXP1 plays an important role as a potential ER coregulator in human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4149.
Clinical determinants of exacerbations in severe, early-onset COPD
Authors: M. G. Foreman, D. L. DeMeo, C. P. Hersh, J. J. Reilly, E. K. Silverman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations impair health. The present authors analysed participants in the Boston Early-Onset COPD Study for familial aggregation and propensity for COPD exacerbations. In the present study, two exacerbation outcomes, episodes of cough and phlegm, and frequent exacerbations were analysed with multivariable modelling and generalised estimating equations. In early-onset COPD probands, passive tobacco smoke exposure within the home was strongly associated with episodes of cough and phlegm. Chronic phlegm production was associated with both exacerbation phenotypes in probands. In first-degree relatives of early-onset COPD probands, chronic bronchitis, episodic wheezing, pneumonia and active smoking were associated with the episodes of cough and phlegm phenotype. In relatives, identical characteristics plus exertional dyspnoea were associated with frequent exacerbations. Exacerbation risk increased with declining lung function. Familial aggregation for episodes of cough and phlegm was observed in relatives with severe obstruction. In conclusion, passive smoke exposure increases morbidity in severe early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease probands, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations correlate with chronic sputum production in probands and relatives. The familial aggregation of exacerbations suggests a genetic basis for susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

A forty-year-old gravida 4 was admitted to the hospital for twenty-four hours with ruptured membranes when thirty-six weeks pregnant. When labor did not begin she was sent home after rectal examination revealed the cervix to be closed. No vaginal examinations were performed, and no antibiotics were given.Three days later, she felt feverish and complained of backache, but did not report to her physician. On the following day, with chills and fever, she was readmitted to the hospital in tumultuous labor. In less than an hour a stillborn, nonmacerated infant weighing 2.8 kg. (6 pounds, 2 ounces) was delivered under . . .
The Need for Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography in Valvular Heart Disease is NotDisproven
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Valve replacement is the most important advance in the management of patients with valvular heart disease, but it cannot be recommended to all patients with valve disease. Cardiac catheterization and angiography, done before surgery, yield valuable and essential information in evaluating these patients. The claim of certain studies that cardiac catheterization and angiography are not needed in these patients cannot be accepted because: The experimental method of these studies was inappropriate; the accuracy and reproducibility of noninvasive techniques in diagnosing the presence and severity of all valve lesions, coronary arterial obstruction, and prosthetic malfunction are not documented; and the studies provide no proof that patients with severe valve disease were not denied surgery, and that patients with mild disease did not have unnecessary operations. Prospective studies that are well designed, well conducted, and scientifically sound are needed. Cardiac catheterization and angiography remain the standard techniques for evaluating patients for valve replacement.
Intermittent Claudication With Pedal Pulses
Authors: Hendrick B. Barner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Intermittent claudication occurred in 16 patients (22 legs) despite the presence of a pedal pulse at rest. Exercise, by walking or toe-stands, sufficient to induce claudication resulted in disappearance of the pedal pulse until the claudication subsided (one to three minutes) when the pulse was again palpable. Blood pressure at the ankle normally declines with exercise due to dilatation of the muscular vascular bed. Proximal occlusive disease results in a profound fall in distal blood pressure with concomitant loss of the pedal pulse. There was atherosclerotic occlusive disease at the aorto-iliac level in nine legs and at the femoro-popliteal level in nine legs. Traumatic or congenital arterial disease occurred in four legs. There were persistent pedal pulses after arterial reconstruction in 19 legs, and three have not been treated. Claudication in the presence of resting pedal pulses is usually associated with major artery disease that is amenable to reconstruction.
The Effect of Metformin on the Metabolic Abnormalities Associated With Upper-Body Fat Distribution. BIGPRO Study Group
Authors: Annick Fontbonne, M Aline Charles, Irene Juhan-Vague, Jean Marie Bard, Philippe André, Françoise Isnard, Jean Marie Cohen, Pierre Grandmottet, Philippe Vague, Michel E Safar, Eveline Eschwège
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE The constellation of anomalies associated with insulin resistance is a plausible additional cause of ischemic cardiovascular disease and of NIDDM. To test this hypothesis in a primary prevention trial, the effects of metformin as a potential candidate for intervention in the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) were evaluated in 324 middle-aged subjects with upper-body obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Trial patients were selected on the basis of a high waist-to-hip ratio. They were randomly allocated to receive either metformin or placebo, following a double-blind procedure. After 1 year of treatment, the main clinical and biological parameters of the IRS were assessed and their evolution compared between treatment groups. RESULTS Compared with placebo, metformin induced a significant weight loss, a better maintenance of fasting blood glucose, total and LDL cholesterol levels, and a greater decrease of fasting plasma insulin concentration. Moreover, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, a marker of fibrinolytic impairment, showed a significant decrease under metformin. By contrast, metformin treatment had no significant effect on blood pressure or serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations. The main side effect of metformin was diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS The BIGuanides and Prevention of Risks in Obesity (BIGPRO1) results suggest that metformin would be a suitable candidate for long-term intervention for the prevention of diabetes but that its use in a trial of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases requires either a reevaluation of its properties toward the most potentially atherogenic anomalies of the IRS or a better definition of the target population.
397 INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA META-ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY IN LIVER FIBROSIS ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS (TE IPD STUDY)
Authors: E. Pambrun, V. Bouteloup, V. de Lédinghen, J. Asselineau, M. Fraquelli, M. Brunetto, X. Forns, H. Saito, P. Nahon, M. Pirisi, R. Thiébaut, P. Perez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway–Targeted Therapy in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Ezra E.W. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors was greeted with tremendous enthusiasm in the therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) based on the nearly universal expression of this protein, the negative prognostic associations with expression, and robust preclinical data. Clinical trials to date have demonstrated modest activity of these drugs as single agents with reproducible major response rates of 5% to 15% in SCCHN depending on agent, dose, and schedule. The biology of responsiveness to these agents remains unclear, although an association of development of cutaneous toxicity with positive outcome has been reported repeatedly. Nevertheless, molecular markers of response or resistance have yet to be fully delineated. In the near future, phase III clinical trials will elucidate the role of these agents in second-line recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) disease, the combination of EGFR inhibitors with other therapeutic strategies will be broadly advanced, and a set of molecular predictors of benefit will begin to emerge. This article will review the progress in utilization of EGFR inhibitors in R/M SCCHN.
Impaired endothelial function and oxidative modification of LDL are not related to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Spyridon Koulouris, Ilias Karabinos, Athanasios Kranidis, Aggeliki Melpidou, Fillipos Stefanakis, Dimitra Kardara, Nikolaos Papageorgakis, Theodoros Karahalios, Nikolaos Exadaktylos, Fotios Kardaras
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
580 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in petrochemical workers: What is the relevance of insulin resistance?
Authors: H.P. Cotrim, A.C. Siqueira, F. Carvalho, R. Rocha, L. Gouveia, D. Barreto, M. Alves, M. Lordelo, R. Parana, L.A.R. Freitas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The combination of thalidomide and intermediate-dose dexamethasone is an effective but toxic treatment for patients with primary amyloidosis (AL)
Authors: Giovanni Palladini, Vittorio Perfetti, Stefano Perlini, Laura Obici, Francesca Lavatelli, Riccardo Caccialanza, Rosangela Invernizzi, Benedetto Comotti, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2004)
TCT-391 Selected CD133+ endothelial progenitor cells to create angiogenesis in no-option patients. Preliminary results of Safety and feasibility
Authors: Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Juan Jose Gonzalez-ferrer, Manel Sabate, Xavier Garcia-Moll, Fernando Alfonso, Rosana Hernandez-Antolin, Nieves Gonzalo, Camino Banuelos, Javier Escaned, Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
College Psychiatry as Public Health Psychiatry
Authors: CLIFFORD B. REIFLER, MYRON B. LIPTZIN, J. THOMAS FOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

This ten-year survey of the use of student mental health services offered by the University of North Carolina suggests that increased usage over time has been due to greater availability of staff and a broadening of services offered rather than to an increase of the prevalence of mental illness among the student body. The authors believe that college psychiatry, as one of the earliest examples of the provision of mental health services to a community, can be used as a model for other aspects of public health psychiatry.
Painless Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta
Authors: Stafford Cohen, David Littmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

PAIN, unbearable, agonizing, overwhelming and unremitting, is the rule in dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. It is a devastating, lethal disorder, with a mortality approximating 85 per cent.1 Present familiarity with the disease, better diagnostic methods and improved cardiovascular surgery have resulted in an increased survival rate. Nonetheless, especially in the absence of appropriate pain, the diagnosis is still frequently overlooked.2 It is the purpose of this report to emphasize the value of angiography in the detection of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, particularly in patients without the characteristic historic and physical findings, and to present such a case, with . . .
Effect of night and day on preterm infants in a newborn nursery: randomised trial.
Authors: N P Mann, R Haddow, L Stokes, S Goodley, N Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The effect of alternating night and day on sleep, feeding, and weight gain in 41 healthy preterm infants was examined in a randomised controlled trial. Twenty infants from a night and day nursery, where the intensity of light and noise was reduced between 7 pm and 7 am, spent longer sleeping and less time feeding and gained more weight than 21 infants from a control nursery, where the intensity of light and noise was not reduced. Differences were significant and became apparent only after discharge home; they were still present three months after the expected date of delivery, when infants from the night and day nursery were an average of 0.5 kg heavier (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that physical environment has an effect (either direct or indirect) on the subsequent behaviour of preterm infants and that exposure to night and day is beneficial.
Roentgenologic Demonstration of Renal Papillary Necrosis in Sickle-Cell Trait
Authors: Benedict R. Harrow, Jack A. Sloane, Norman C. Liebman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE presence of S-type hemoglobin in the red blood cell has, in recent years, been demonstrated as the etiologic factor in certain cases of unexplained hematuria. Since Abel and Brown,1 in 1948, showed sickled red corpuscles in sections of a kidney removed because of gross hematuria and a question of a renal tumor, reports by Goodwin et al.,2 Ranney, Larson and McCormack,3 Smith and Conley4 and -thers5 6 7 have proved conclusively that the sole basis of hematuria may be the presence of abnormal hemoglobins. Hematuria has been shown to occur in sickle-cell anemia, sickle-cell trait, sickle-cell hemoglobin C disease, sickle-cell thalassemia . . .
Medical Research and the Death Penalty: A Dialogue
Authors: Mary Ann Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The author argues that a condemned prisoner should be able to choose anesthesia from which he would never awaken (for the purpose of medical experimentation to be subsequently performed) as a method of execution. Whereas he does not discuss the merits of capital punishment, he asserts that, since it is used, the use of anesthesia would result in a more pleasant death for the condemned. This would also be of great benefit in medical research and, in turn, of great benefit to society. The material is presented in the form of a debate. The author assumes the role of the protagonist, while the antagonist is representative of newspaper articles, personal letters, and private communications. The author believes that some of the merits of using anesthesia as a form of execution are as follows: It is a relatively more pleasant way to die than by the electric chair, gas chamber, or
Collective Investigation into THE AFTER-HISTORY OF GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY
Authors: A. P. Luff
Journal: BMJ (1929)

1'aHE British Medical Association, in connexicn with its collective investigation schemiie, decided in 1928 to conlduct an inquii-y into the after-history of gastro-enterostomliy in reslect of cases operated on dulring the per iod 1920-24 inielhisive, and for that purpose two forms dealinig witlh the qulestionis to be answered were issued to those miielmibers of the Associationi who were willing to take part in the inquir;-.One form dealt in Section A with sex, age, occupation, and tlle operative and immnediate post-operative histolry, and in Section B witlh tlhe after-history wlhen lhospital treatment lhad cc-ased.The other form requested an indication of the views of surgeons and medical l)ra(ti- tioner s as to the value of the oper ation.Colnsidelrable carle lhas beeni taken by a large number of surgeons and ined,ieal practitioners in the filling up of these forms, and( vdluable information has been obtained as to the resuilts of the oper ation.Ackniowledgement must be especially made of the praiseworthy responise of so large a numiiber of inedlical practitioneis to the request for particulars of the afteor-histories of cases, anid to tlle coniscientiouis muanniier in -vh ich they liave dischaiged wlhat mIlust lhave been a very oher ouls task.Aniy utility that may result froma this inve''stiga.tion1w-ill be mainly (duie to tlheir genles-ol s efforts.Reports of 2,609 cases hlave beeni receivedl in response to this inqutiry.The cllditiolis dealt witlh and the number of r1pot tS oai each weie as follow -s Cases ., ,2 ,. of d(Iodenal ulcer ... ... periforated dluodenal ulcer pyloric ulcer ... ... per-
Abstract 438: Hif-2α expression and radioresistance of cervical cancer
Authors: Min Kyu Kim, Tae Joong Kim, Chel Hun Choi, Jeong Won Lee, Je Ho Lee, Duk Soo Bae, Byoung Gie Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ABSTRACT Objective: Hypoxia is now established as a key factor influencing the pathophysiology of malignant growth. Hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression are coordinated mainly by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α) and HIF-2α. The aim of this study was to determine whether HIF-2α expression is associated with survival and response to radiation in cervical cancer. Methods: After reviewing the medical records of 119 patients treated in our institution by primary radiotherapy for stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer, we performed a case-control study. Cases (n = 12) were selected from patients with local recurrence or radiation failure after primary radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemoradiation. For each case, we selected two controls from patients who showed no local recurrence. Using pretreatment paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated expression of HIF-2α by immunohistochemistry. Staining was scored based on intensity (Intensity Score (IS) 0- 3) and proportion (Proportion Score (PS) 0-100). Results were analyzed by Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: HIF-2α expression representing degree of hypoxia has a relationship with poor response to radiotherapy. Conclusion: HIF-2α expression may have an important role in radioresistance in locally advanced cervical cancer. Key Words: Cervical neoplasm, Radiation, HIF-2α, Survival, Hypoxia Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 438.
THE PERSONAL EQUATION IN PSYCHIATRY
Authors: B. PILSBURY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In one sense of the term personality may be said to be everything in insanity. This is not to say that insane patients never fit well into types; it simply means that the study of personal character, of responsive reactions to environmental stimuli, of conduct and expression, are and always will be of paramount importance in investigations seeking to establish the psychologic status of the individual. It means, furthermore, that the hardest things to extinguish in an individual are the things that mark him off from other individuals. It may be said that this is a matter of inference only, but it seems to be in accordance with the facts. There is nothing strange about this, since memory plays as large a part in experience as experience does in personality. Conscious memories form the principal line of demarcation between individuals, and with extinction or great reduction of conscious memory we