tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salvation by Registration
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Deborah A. Zarin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

not happy when he learned that his manuscript about the treatment of renal cancer with sunitinib could not be considered for publication by the Journal.His paper was rejected not on the basis of the science it reported or of the Journal's editorial priorities, but because of the study's inadequate registration in the ClinicalTrials.govdatabase.Members of the Journal's staff routinely check the database registration of trials that are being considered for publication.The registration provid ed by Dr. Motzer -NCT00083889 in ClinicalTrials.gov-failed to meet the standards established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). 1 This registration had been filed by Pfizer, the study's sponsor.On August 26, 2005, the sponsor had entered the following in the outcome-measures field: "Primary (Secondary) outcome information was omitted due to [its] commercial sensitivity and will be revealed at a later date."Since this entry regarding the study's outcome was clearly not informative, the decision was made, on this basis alone, not to consider the manuscript further.Given that the article appears in this issue of the Journal, 2 there is clearly more to this story.Shortly after Motzer was informed that his manuscript could not be considered, the Journal learned that one of his coauthors had registered the trial through one of the cancer centers, rather than through Pfizer.This June 2005 registration in ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT00098657, included an informative entry in each of the fields required by the ICMJE.Thanks to this second registration, the manuscript met the requirements to be considered for publication.In the past year, Pfizer has changed its posture on the registration of clinical trials.
Purified Candida albicans Proteinase in the Serological Diagnosis of Systemic Candidosis
Authors: Fiona Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1980)

An inducible, exocellular proteinase enzyme, purified from culture filtrates of<i>Candida albicans</i>, was tested as an antigen for the detection of serum anti-<i>Candida</i>precipitins. The purified proteinase was a more specific antigen for the serological diagnosis of systemic candidosis than traditional cytoplasmic extracts of the fungus. Precipitin titers to purified proteinase exceeded 1:4 in 75% of serum samples from 12 patients with confirmed systemic<i>Candida</i>infection, in 23% of serum samples from 22 patients positive for<i>Candida</i>anticytoplasm antibodies but without corroborative diagnostic evidence of systemic candidosis, and in none of 28 serum samples from patients without either candidosis or anticytoplasm antibodies. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2409-2411, 1980)
Evaluation of oral ulceration in primary care
Authors: V. Paleri, K. Staines, P. Sloan, A. Douglas, J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To Assess Incidence and consequences of Hypogammaglobulinemia in the context of Ocrelizumab therapy <h3>Background:</h3> Ocrelizumab is a B cell depleting anti-CD20 humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of MS patients. CD20 is not expressed on mature plasma cells and accordingly ocrelizumab does not have immediate effects on immunoglobulin levels. However, after Ocrelizumab some patients develop hypogammaglobinemia. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We performed a single center retrospective review of 168 patients with MS receiving Ocrelizumab between 03/2017 and 10/2018. Baseline characteristics of patients included in this study are available (Table 1). The incidence, severity and complications of hypogammaglobulinemia were investigated. <h3>Results:</h3> Median Ocrelizumab dose was 600 mg and total follow-up was 1731 patient-months. Baseline immunoglobulin levels were available in 21 patients. Of those, the proportion of patients with baseline IgG &lt;6 g/L was 9%. At the time of this abstract, a total of 128 patients had follow up immunoglobulin levels. Following Ocrelizumab therapy, 11/128 patients (8.5%) developed IgG &lt;6 g/L, of whom 0/128 (0%) had IgG &lt;3 g/L. A total of 29 patients (17%) had any infections during the treatment period with ocrelizumab therapy. Of those, 19/117 (16%) with IgG ≥6 g/L versus 0/11 (0%) with IgG &lt;6 g/L experienced a single infection (p=0.14), and 9/117 (7.6%) with IgG ≥6 g/L versus 1/11 (9%) with IgG &lt;6 g/L experienced recurrent infections (p=0.88). There were no severe infections in our patient group. One patient received intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> A small proportion of patients receiving Ocrelizumab therapy developed hypogammaglobulinemia. Infections were common but were not associated with immunoglobulin levels. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Tran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Olson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Acorda, Allergan, Amgen, Biogen, Genentech, Genzyme, Mallinckrodt, Novartis, Reven, Sanofi, and Teva. Dr. Miller has received research support from Adamas, Allergan, Biogen, Elan, EMD Serono, Genentech, Ipsen, Novartis, Ono, Sun Pharma, and Teva. Dr. Miravalle has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen, Genentech, Medscape, Novartis, ABPN, mallinckrodt, Celgene, Genzyme. Dr. Miravalle has received research support from Novartis.
ABC of labour care: Care of the newborn in the delivery room
Authors: P. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Suitability is a legal concept that refers to the propriety of the match between the individual and his or her portfolio. The authors develop a model of suitability using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to create unique asset allocations for individual investors based on their personal attributes. They then compare the mean-variance performance of these suitable model portfolios with portfolios generated using mean-variance optimization. They find that minor alterations to the AHP model and optimization inputs minimize the distinction from a mean-variance efficient portfolio. Finally, they show that a wide range of model portfolios can be closely matched with a small selection of mutual funds. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio construction, statistical methods, mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, performance measurement
Systematic identification and treatment of smokers by hospital based cessation practitioners in a secondary care setting: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: R. L. Murray, J. Leonardi-Bee, J. Marsh, L. Jayes, J. Li, S. Parrott, J. Britton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate the effectiveness of the systematic default provision of smoking cessation support to all adult smokers admitted to hospital, relative to usual care. <b>Design</b> Open, cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Acute medical wards in one large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 264 patients randomised to intervention and 229 to usual care; primary outcome data were available at four weeks for 260 and 224 patients, respectively. All adult smokers and recent ex-smokers able to give informed consent were eligible for entry into the study. <b>Interventions</b> The intervention comprised systematic smoking ascertainment and default provision of behavioural support and cessation pharmacotherapy for the duration of the hospital stay for all smokers and recent ex-smokers, with follow-up and referral to community services after discharge. Usual care comprised cessation support delivered at the initiative and discretion of clinical staff. All staff and patients were aware of group assignment. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Smoking cessation at four weeks, validated by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide. Secondary outcomes were uptake of inpatient behavioural support, use of cessation pharmacotherapy, referral to and uptake of community support after discharge, and validated smoking cessation at six months. Participants lost to follow-up were assumed to have reverted to smoking. <b>Results</b> All patients in the intervention group received at least brief advice to quit smoking, compared to 106 (46%) patients in the usual care group. Cessation at four weeks was achieved by 38% (n=98) of intervention patients and 17% (n=37) of usual care patients (adjusted odds ratio 2.10 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 4.61), P=0.06, number of patients needed to treat 8). Uptake of inpatient behavioural support, use of pharmacotherapy, and referral to and uptake of community support after discharge were all substantially and statistically significantly higher in the intervention group than in the usual care group. Cessation at six months was achieved by 19% (n=47) of intervention and 9% (n=19) of usual care patients, although this difference was not significant (adjusted odds ratio 1.53 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 3.91); P=0.37). <b>Conclusions</b> Substantial improvements in smoking cessation among smokers admitted to hospital can be achieved by systematic ascertainment and delivery of cessation support in secondary care. <b>Trial registration</b> International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN25441641.
A history of chronic opioid usage prior to kidney transplantation may be associated with increased mortality risk
Authors: Fidel Barrantes, Fu L. Luan, Mallika Kommareddi, Kareem Alazem, Tareq Yaqub, Randy S. Roth, Randall S. Sung, Diane M. Cibrik, Peter Song, Millie Samaniego
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Chronic opioid usage (COU) for analgesia is common among patients with end-stage renal disease. In order to test whether a prior history of COU negatively affects post-kidney transplant outcomes, we retrospectively examined clinical outcomes in adult kidney transplant patients. Among 1064 adult kidney transplant patients, 452 (42.5%) reported the presence of various body pains and 108 (10.2%) reported a prior history of COU. While the overall death or kidney graft loss was not statistically different between patients with and without a history of COU, the cumulative mortality rate at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplantation, and during the entire study period, appeared significantly higher for patients with than without a history of COU (6.5, 18.5, and 20.4 vs. 3.2, 7.5, and 12.7%, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors in entire cohorts and Cox regression analysis in 1:3 propensity-score matched cohorts suggest that a positive history of COU was significantly associated with nearly a 1.6- to 2-fold increase in the risk of death (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.60, and hazard ratio 1.92, 95% confidence interval 1.08-3.42, respectively). Thus, a history of chronic opioid usage prior to transplantation appears to be associated with increased mortality risk. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the observed association and to understand the mechanisms.
Occurrence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Humans
Authors: Harold A. Price, Robert L. Welch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1972)

In 1967 the Human Monitoring Survey (1) was established by the Pesticides Program of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (now, Division of Pesticide Community Studies, E.P.A.) to determine on a national scale the levels and trends of certain more commonlyused pesticide chemicals in the general population.Initially, this program was limited to the iden- tification and measurement of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in human adipose tissue and blood serum.The Michigan Department of Public Health has been one of several state health laboratories participating in the analysis of samples, collected by the State Services Branch of the Division of Pesticide Community Studies, from hospitals located in approximately 30 states.For the purpose of obtaining poolable data, the state laboratories use methodologies recommended by the Perrine Primate Laboratory, E.P.A. (Florida), which is responsible for methodology develop- ment, the operation of the quality control pro- gram, and serves as a repository of reference standards.Since 1966 our laboratory has been conducting routine analysis of human adipose samples for organochlorine pesticide residues by gas chro- matography, utilizing electron capture detection.In many instances, we observed numerous un-
Survey of U.K. current practice in the treatment of lentigo maligna
Authors: R. Mahendran, J.A. Newton-Bishop
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Lentigo maligna (LM) is the in situ phase of LM melanoma (LMM). There is a paucity of data on the natural history of LM, the risk factors for progression to LMM and on treatment outcomes of the various modalities used.To investigate our impression that this, combined with the difficulties of treatment for large lesions particularly in the elderly and infirm, has led to considerable variation between dermatologists in the management of LM within the U.K.A postal questionnaire survey was performed to establish current practice.One hundred and seventy clinicians representing one-third of U.K. consultant dermatologists responded. Fifty-seven per cent of the dermatologists reported treating only one to four LMs per year, 30% treated five to 10 LMs per year and only 13% treated more than 10 LMs per year. Ninety-four per cent of the respondents routinely took an initial biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment. The preferred treatment option was dependent on the age of the patient. Dermatologists were far more likely to use surgery for patients under the age of 60 years and more likely to use cryotherapy/radiotherapy or merely to observe with increasing age. Where surgery was used, the excision margins chosen ranged from 0 to 10 mm.This survey highlights that a significant proportion of U.K. dermatologists is managing small numbers of LMs each year. On the basis of this current practice and the data in the literature on the recurrence rates for the different modalities, we propose an algorithm for treatment options. The survey, however, showed no consensus between dermatologists regarding surgical margins for excision, which is reflected in the literature; further studies to establish this are required.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Patients With Advanced HIV Infection Treated With Zidovudine
Authors: Richard D. Moore, Harold Kessler, Douglas D. Richman, Charles Flexner, Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

We wished to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus—related high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identify factors associated with the development of NHL in patients receiving zidovudine. Data are from a 2-year prospective, observational, multisite study of 1030 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and advanced AIDS-related complex who received zidovudine. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed in 24 (2.3%) of 1030 patients who received zidovudine during 1463 person-years of follow-up (rate, 1.6 per 100 person-years of therapy). The relative hazard for development of NHL was stable throughout 2 years of therapy, with the risk of developing NHL 0.8% for each additional 6 months of therapy. Factors associated with development of NHL were a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes simplex virus infection, or lower mean neutrophil count. Less strongly associated was a prior diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia or homosexual transmission of HIV. By Cox proportional hazards analysis, a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus disease, or oral hairy leukoplakia was most strongly associated with development of NHL. Our study demonstrates a relatively high incidence of NHL in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease who are undergoing antiretroviral therapy and suggests possible risk factors for development of NHL. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2208-2211)
Detection of the PEBP2?/MYH11 fusion transcript in acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (M4Eo) supervening in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Motomi Osato, Norio Asou, Nobukatsu Takata, Hitoshi Suzushima, Kiyoshi Takatsuki, Fumio Kawano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

With Adult T-Cell LeukemiaTo the Editor: We present a case of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia with marrow eosinophilia (M4Eo) having inv(16) developed after etoposide administration for chronic type adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).A 74-year-old Japanese woman was admitted in April 1993 because of a fungal infection on the chest skin that occurred 5 months before.The leukocyte count was 28.9 × 10 9 /l with 61% abnormal lymphocytes showing lobulated nuclei and expressing CD4 antigen.The serum was positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody.She was diagnosed as chronic type ATL and treated with two courses of 75 mg of etoposide orally for 21 days.The leukocyte counts decreased
Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus‐related thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mark U. Rarick, Terri Montgomery, Amitabha Mazumder, Parkash S. Gill, Carmen Loureiro, Alexandra M. Levine, Susan Groshen, Jane Sullivan‐Halley, Denise Jamin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Fourteen patients with sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related immune thrombocytopenia were treated with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG). The patients were treated with a uniform program consisting of 1 g/kg of IVIG on day 1 and day 2, followed by 1 g/kg on day 15. Most patients had pretreatment bleeding symptoms, which included petechiae, spontaneous and traumatic ecchymoses, gum bleeding, and epistaxis. Median baseline platelet count was 17,000/mm 3 (range 3–61,000/mm 3 ). After the infusion of the IGIV, all patients had a resolution of their bleeding by day 8. The median maximum platelet count achieved with the IGIV was 220,000/mm 3 (range 76–426,000/mm 3 ). No patient achieved either a sustained complete or partial remission after the conclusion of the IVIG therapy. Toxicities were minimal with the majority being headache and nausea. In conclusion, patients with sexually transmitted HIV infection and immune thrombocytopenia respond favorably to IVIG. This treatment should be considered as first‐line therapy for patients with HIV‐related immune thrombocytopenia who require immediate but temporary increase in their platelet count, attributable to symptoms or signs of clinical bleeding or because of the need for an invasive procedure.
Transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking of a peptic fraction of ω-5 gliadin enhances IgE reactivity in wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Kati Palosuo, Elina Varjonen, Jenni Nurkkala, Nisse Kalkkinen, Rauno Harvima, Timo Reunala, Harri Alenius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Endothelins and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Thomas F. Lüscher, Matthias Barton
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The 21-amino acid peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the predominant isoform of the endothelin peptide family, which includes ET-2, ET-3, and ET-4. It exerts various biological effects, including vasoconstriction and the stimulation of cell proliferation in tissues both within and outside of the cardiovascular system. ET-1 is synthesized by endothelin-converting enzymes (ECE), chymases, and non-ECE metalloproteases; it is regulated in an autocrine fashion in vascular and nonvascular cells. ET-1 acts through the activation of G(i)-protein-coupled receptors. ET(A) receptors mediate vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, whereas ET(B) receptors are important for the clearance of ET-1, endothelial cell survival, the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, and the inhibition of ECE-1. ET is activated in hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, heart failure, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and renal failure. Tissue concentrations more reliably reflect the activation of the ET system because increased vascular ET-1 levels occur in the absence of changes in plasma. Experimental studies using molecular and pharmacological inhibition of the ET system and the first clinical trials have demonstrated that ET-1 takes part in normal cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, ET-1 plays a major role in the functional and structural changes observed in arterial and pulmonary hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, mainly through pressure-independent mechanisms. ET antagonists are promising new agents in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Expression of functional CD40 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kazushi Sugimoto, Katsuya Shiraki, Takeshi Ito, Katsuhiko Fujikawa, Koujiro Takase, Yukihiko Tameda, Masami Moriyama, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation in B cells. However, the expression of CD40 other than in B cells has not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated the expression and function of CD40 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Expression of CD40 mRNA in 6 established HCC cell lines was analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CD40 expression on cell surface was examined by flow cytometrical analysis. We also examined the expression of CD40 in human HCC tissues (45 cases) and nontumor liver tissues (30 cases) by immunohistochemistry. To examine the function of CD40 in HCC cells, we investigated the effect of CD40 signaling on anti-Fas antibody and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, intracellular levels of cysteine protease P32 (CPP32) protein in HepG2 cells were also determined by Western blotting. We have shown that 6 HCC cell lines constitutively expressed CD40 mRNA and membrane-bound CD40 antigen, which was slightly up-regulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). In addition, 60% of human HCC tissues demonstrated positive staining for CD40, whereas nontumor tissues showed little detectable staining. In HepG2 cells, CD40 stimulation does not affect cell viability, but significantly inhibited Fas and TNFR-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by blocking the activation of CPP32. From these results, we conclude that CD40 expression in HCCs plays an important role in tumor biology, especially the resistance against Fas and TNFR-mediated apoptosis.
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND PROGNOSIS IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DATA FROM 1217 PATIENTS DERIVED FROM MULTICENTER STUDIES
Authors: Suzanne de Waha, Ingo Eitel, Georg Fuernau, Philipp Lurz, Jochen Woehrle, Henning Suenkel, Josefine Meissner, Sebastian Kerber, Bernward Lauer, Matthias Pauschinger, Ralf Birkemeyer, Christoph Axthelm, Rainer Zimmermann, Steffen Desch, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effective Primary Care by the Subspecialty Center
Authors: Albert L. Rubin, David S. David, Kurt H. Stenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Delivery of health care has not advanced as rapidly as medical knowledge and technology. Consequently, both physicians and patients have become discontent with current health-care delivery systems. Dissatisfaction with present systems has led many medical educators and legislators to urge revival of an older system that worked well for many years — that of the family physician. Primary patient care is the critical service that the family physician provides but that large groups of physicians in huge medical centers often fail to give.Primary patient care involves establishing an enduring one-to-one relation between a physician and his patient, the physician . . .
A SIMPLE APPARATUS FOR NITROUS OXIDE-OXYGEN ANAESTHESIA
Authors: A. S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

J3AN. 19, IgIS to thlc liver cells, anid allowed autolysis of tlle tissue, whliclh appears to be tlle essential liver clhange, to occur.SoImle suclh combinationi of circumstances mligllt account for the rarity of tlle disease.It is evidelnt that a very considerable amiiouint of work froin a hlistological, clhemuical, and bacteriological stand-