tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Active and passive components of chloride transport in the rat proximal convoluted tubule.
Authors: R J Alpern, K J Howlin, P A Preisig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Rat proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vivo to examine the active and passive components of chloride absorption. Chloride flux was a linear function of the transepithelial electrochemical driving force, yielding a permeability coefficient of 20.6 X 10(-5) cm/s. In the absence of an electrochemical driving force, chloride absorption persisted at the rate of 131 peq/mm X min, thus demonstrating active absorption of chloride. Addition of luminal cyanide to tubules absorbing chloride inhibited net chloride absorption. In tubules perfused with a low luminal chloride concentration in which there was net chloride secretion, addition of luminal cyanide increased the magnitude of net chloride secretion. These studies demonstrate that transepithelial chloride transport involves two components: a passive paracellular flux and an active transcellular flux. Cyanide affects net chloride flux by inhibiting active transcellular chloride absorption.
Polysyllabic House Calls
Authors: Maron A. Weightman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor: —</h3> I have always thought American educators, sociologists, and lesser government officials excelled in the art of obscuring their meaning by the use of polysyllabic words and phrases. But now I must take off my hat to the British! In the March 1, 1965, issue ofThe Journal(<b>191</b>:742) appears a quotation from the<i>Lancet</i>of Dec 5, 1964. This is a discussion of the desirability of "domiciliary consultative service." Shades of Noah Webster! I do not like to make house calls either! In protest, I remain,
Translating HIV Care
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclosporin A treatment of severe psoriasis
Authors: JanetM. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 115, Issue 6 p. 745-746 Cyclosporin A treatment of severe psoriasis JanetM. Marks, JanetM. Marks Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K.Search for more papers by this author JanetM. Marks, JanetM. Marks Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06663.xCitations: 34AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume115, Issue6December 1986Pages 745-746 RelatedInformation
Functional and phenotypic studies of Japanese adult T cell leukemia cells.
Authors: C Morimoto, T Matsuyama, C Oshige, H Tanaka, T Hercend, E L Reinherz, S F Schlossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The cell surface marker profile and functional analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 11 Japanese adult T cell leukemia patients were studied. The phenotypic analysis of Japanese adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells by a series of 13 monoclonal antibodies showed that all ATL cells are anti-T4 reactive but some differ in their expression of T3, T11, and T12 antigens. Thus, considerable phenotypic heterogeneity exists in these populations of leukemia cells. When analyzed in functional assays, ATL cells were suppressive when added to a pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) driven Ig synthesis system. However, the suppression mechanism seemed to be more complex than originally conceived. ATL cells examined in this study seem to function mainly as an inducer of suppressor cells, and as such, activate normal T8 precursors of suppressor cells rather than function as suppressor effector cells. In addition, no evidence was obtained to suggest that suppression of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis was mediated by natural killer (NK) activity of ATL cells. Rather, ATL cells seem to be markedly deficient in NK activity. These studies suggest that the majority of ATL cells tested are representative of and seem to be the leukemic counterparts of the T4+ suppressor inducer subset.
Elimination of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia using discrete slow potentials to guide application of radiofrequency energy.
Authors: M Haissaguerre, F Gaita, B Fischer, D Commenges, P Montserrat, C d'Ivernois, P Lemetayer, J F Warin
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Ablation of the slow pathway has been performed to eliminate atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) either by a surgical approach or by using radiofrequency catheter technique guided by retrograde slow pathway activation mapping. From previous experience of midseptal and posteroseptal mapping, we were aware of the existence of peculiar slow potentials in most humans. Postulating their role in AVNRT, we studied these potentials and the effects of radiofrequency energy.Sixty-four patients (mean age, 48 +/- 19 years) with the usual form of AVNRT were studied. Slow, low-amplitude potentials were recorded when using the anterograde AV conducting system. Slow potentials occupied all (giving a continuum of electrograms) or some of the time between the atrial and ventricular electrograms. Their most specific patterns were their progressive response to increasing atrial rates, which resulted in a dramatic decline in amplitude and slope, a corresponding increase in duration, and a separation from preceding atrial potentials until the disappearance of any consistent activity. Slow potentials were recorded along a vertical band at the mid or posterior part of the septum near the tricuspid annulus. Radiofrequency energy applied at the slow potential site resulted in interruption of induced tachycardia within a few seconds and rendered tachycardia noninducible in all patients. A median of two impulses was delivered to each patient. In 69% of patients, postablation atrial stimulation cannot achieve a long atrial-His interval, which previously was critical for tachycardia induction or maintenance. No patient had AVNRT over a follow-up period of 1-16 months, and all had preserved AV conduction. In all except two patients, the PR interval was unchanged. In 47 patients, long-term electrophysiological studies confirmed the efficacy of ablation and the nonreversibility of results by isoproterenol; however, echo beats remained inducible in 40% of patients.An area showing slow potentials is present at the perinodal region in humans. In patients with AVNRT, application of radiofrequency energy renders tachycardia noninducible through the preferential modification of the anterograde slow pathway. With present clinical methods, the exact origin and significance of these physiological potentials cannot be specified.
Radiation Hazards
Authors: E. W. Webster, O. E. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ANY evaluation of possible genetic hazards of diagnostic radiology requires that measurements be made of the radiation dose received by the gonads in diagnostic procedures. Relatively few reports of measurements of this type have been published.1 2 3 These publications reveal that for any given examination there is a wide variation of gonadal dose. One may conclude that the figures of any one institution cannot, in general, be applied with any accuracy to another institution. Yet, as is implicit in the recent reports on radiation hazards,4 , 5 every medical practitioner dispensing radiation should have an approximate knowledge of the gonadal doses incurred. It . . .
"I feel really ashamed": How does unemployment lead to poorer mental health?
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

I use to get up at 6 am, like I was going to work. I thought I'd get a job in a couple of weeks, but now it's a couple of years. That's frightening, my confidence is going. When people ask me how long I've been out of work, I think, shall I lie? When you're unemployed, you feel like you've committed a crime somewhere, but nobody tells you what you've done. The first thing that happened to me was that I realised I'd become almost illiterate after years working in a factory. I fall asleep a lot, it happens if you've got nothing to do. One bloke round here, the only place he goes is to sign on the dole. Sometimes I think I'll go barmy. Of course you get depressed, you convince yourself it's you. Sometimes I feel really ashamed, especially with things like Christmas. This will be the first time I've ever not given my sisters something for Christmas.
Medical Schools Receive a Message: Reform Yourselves, Then Take on Health Care System
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

MEDICAL SCHOOLS may need to become more active in health care reform, first by reforming themselves. Outmoded department structures and relationships, didactic lectures, hospital-based teaching, and patient care financing all may be contributing to the health care crisis by promoting expensive, sub-specialist, high-technology interventions late in disease at the expense of primary care and prevention. These are among points made by speakers at a conference on the future of medical education, held at the University of Chicago (Ill). <h3>AMA Looks to 21st Century</h3> (While medical educators are pondering these points, the American Medical Association's Section on Medical Schools will be meeting the first weekend in December at the Las Vegas [Nev] Hilton Hotel. Among other things, attendees will hear a keynote address on "Medicine in the 21st Century.") At the future of medical education conference, one of the speakers—Alvin R. Tarlov, MD—said that the 20th century shift from acute infectious
Global warming will increase asthma attacks and allergic reactions
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Global warming is set to trigger a surge in numbers of asthma attacks and allergic reactions, concludes a study to be published on 4 September in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.032).

The World Heath Organization estimates that about 300 million people around the world already have asthma and allergies and that about 250 000 people die each year from asthma. But many more people will be …
Mild Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: S.K. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report on a 51-year-old black woman who died of hepatic necrosis after taking methyldopa (224:1390, 1973) should make us take a hard look at the dangers of antihypertensive drugs. The authors state: "The drug is well tolerated in most cases." Sheps et al had shown major side effects in 30% and advised against the use of methyldopa.<sup>1</sup>As many as 35% of patients may show liver damage with methyldopa.<sup>2</sup>Hoyumpa et al<sup>3</sup>reported three cases of hepatitis—two were severe and one patient died. Raftos (<i>Med J Aust</i>2:837, 1967), using methyldopa, had 63 cases of toxic reaction with eight deaths in 14 months, which is every high; two deaths occurred after drug withdrawal. This phenomenon of a cerebrovascular accident shortly after drug withdrawal was observed several times by Hood et al and may be drug-related.<sup>4</sup>Two thirds had severe side effects consisting of
The Effect of the Frequency Response of Electrocardiographs on the Form of Electrocardiograms and Vectorcardiograms
Authors: A. J. KERWIN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The spectrum of frequencies making up the cardiac potential has not been fully explored. Limitation in the high frequency response of most electrocardiographs suppresses in some tracings QRS components whose significance is at present obscure. Using the cathode ray oscillograph it was found that frequencies as high as 1300 cycles per second reveal characteristics not shown at lower frequencies. Frequencies as high as 6400 cycles per second are under investigation. Limitation of the low frequency response by the use of a condenser-resistor network to abolish extraneous potentials produces serious distortions of the RS-T segment.
422. Enhancement of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Functions by Adenovirus- Mediated RNA Interference of STAT-3
Authors: Tomoko Iwata, Hidetoshi Sumimoto, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Yutaka Kawakami
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

STAT-3 is a transcription factor in the JAK/STAT pathways regulating cytokine signals in immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs). Several reports have demonstrated that STAT-3 activation inhibits in vivo maturation and functions of murine DCs. Murine STAT-3 -/- macrophages produced higher amount of inflammatory cytokines upon LPS stimulation than STAT-3 +/+ macrophages. Furthermore, lack of STAT-3 signal resulted in Th1 polarization and restoration from T cell anergy. These results indicate that STAT-3 activation in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) results in impaired T cell activating functions, causing cancer immune evasion. For immune control of cancers, STAT-3 may be one molecular target for overcoming the cancer immune evasion, and murine studies targeting at STAT-3 on DC showed augmented anti-cancer immune response. However, the roles of STAT-3 in human DCs, have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we have evaluated the roles of STAT-3 in human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated inactivation of STAT-3 to improve cancer immunotherapy. We constructed fiber-modified adenovirus vectors (AdF35, in which serotype 5 fiber was replaced to 35) for efficient introduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to human MoDCs. Human MoDCs were infected with two shRNA-AdF35 for STAT-3 (#1 and #4) or one control shRNA-AdF35 for firefly luciferase (GL3B) at 150 moi on day 3 of DC culture, and evaluated for expression of maturation markers, cytokine production, or recovery from tumor-derived factors (TDF)-mediated inhibition of cytokine production before (day 5) or after (day 6) LPS stimulation. Adenovirus-specific T cell induction ability was compared between AdF35-GL3B- and AdF35- STAT3-infected MoDCs. The STAT-3 protein was significantly suppressed with AdF35#1 and #4. The expression of maturation markers was equivalent among MoDCs infected with three shRNA vectors before and after LPS stimulation. The STAT-3 RNAi resulted in significant increase of IL-6, IL-12, IL-10 and TNF-α production by DC upon LPS stimulation at both protein and mRNA levels. The culture supernatant of A375 melanoma cells inhibited IL-12 and TNF-α production upon LPS stimulation, and this inhibition was restored with the STAT-3 RNAi. Finally, Adenovirus-specific T cell induction was enhanced with #4, but not with GL3B. These results suggest that inactivation of STAT-3 signals in human MoDCs may be a useful strategy for improvement of cancer immunotherapy.
Recovery from Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse
Authors: T. Jerram
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Michael D Langone Norton, pounds sterling 27.50, pp 410 ISBN 0-393-70164-6

Cults and their communities have been major news recently, mainly because of the bizarre events at Waco, Texas, and the subsequent court proceedings, but they also play an important and ambivalent part in folk mythology. Society on the one hand often dismisses them as trivial and their adherents as pathetic but on the other hand is threatened by them --and they then become the embodiment of evil. The traditional fear is that they will take society over altogether -as depicted in one of last year's best selling novels (Wild Swans by Jung Chang) and …
Activation of Thromboplastin Preparations by Haemolysis and by Lecithin
Authors: A. Crosbie, H. Scarborough
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDBIT)LHdrug supplement one another, the ideal procedure for getneral use should include oth.In special hospitals, however, where large numbers of casualties are seen, it would be desirable to build LIP three series of cases -treated respectively with druLg, with serum, and with neither (controls)-so that the clinical assessment on these proceduLres (discussed above) could eventuLally be made.Summary Experimental wounds (with crushed muscle and the presence of a foreign body) were made in guinea-pigs, and large numbers of gas-gangrene organisms were inserted; untreated animals died within twenty-four hours.Application of sulphonamide compounds to the wounds at the same time as insertion of the organisms saved a large proportion of the animals infected with Cl. wsekhlii and with Cl. septiqte, bLit it had only slight influence upon infections with Cl. oedle,tniatients.Sulphathiazole was the most effective compound to use in all cases; sulphanilamide was superior to sulphapyridine in preventing infection with Cl. welchii, but it had practically no activity against Cl.septiquie.Local application of sulphathiazole to the wound was more effective in preventing infection than systemic administration by intraperitoneal injection.Delay of two hours in applying the treatment greatly reduced its effectiveness.SLulphanilamide is absorbed from wounds very quickly (in less than twenty-four hours), giving a high but transitory con- centration in the fluids of the wound (1,500 mg. per 100 c.cm.); sulphapyridine is absorbed slowly from the wound (seven to ten days) and its concentration in the wound is low (42 mg.) but prolonged; sulphathiazole occupies an inter- mediate position, being absorbed in about five to six days and producing a concentration of about 104 mg.The development of the infection in these wounds could also be prevented by administration of sera (antitoxin).Monovalent sera specific for Cl.welchii, Cl. septiquie, or C1.oedematienis protected the guinea-pigs against these organisms respectively.A commercial polyvalent serum gave protec- tion against Cl.wtelchii (most strains) and Cl.oedemyiatietis, but not against Cl.septiqute.It is recommended that war wounds should be protected against the development of gas gangrene by the local application of sulphonamide compounds together with injection of antitoxin.
Recurrent Acute Renal Failure With Idiopathic Paroxysmal Myoglobinuria
Authors: Friedrich C. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A second episode of myoglobinuric renal failure requiring dialysis developed in a muscular 30-year-old man. His first episode, which was not exercise-related, had occurred in childhood and was accompanied by chills, fever, and leukocytosis, whereas the second followed unaccustomed exertion 15 years later. Despite two occurrences of severe renal failure and intermittent episodes of myoglobinuria, renal function is presently normal. Idiopathic paroxysmal myoglobinuria may produce recurrent life-threatening acute renal failure; however, the prognosis for recovery, as evidenced by this case, appears favorable.
When I use a word: -ize right
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

In atrial fibrillation, assuming that you use digitalis, do you digitalise or digitalize? Well, contrary to common belief in Britain, the appropriate English spelling for such words is with -ize, rather than -ise.

Many such words originally derived from Greek verbs that ended in -ιζeιν (-izein), a suffix that was added to a noun to create a verbal infinitive, either transitive (meaning “to make or conform to, or treat in the way of, the thing expressed by the derivation,” such as anatomize) or intransitive (“to act some person or character, do or follow some practice,” such as philosophize). Then the same was done in Latin, using the suffix -izare to make a noun into a verb, usually transitive (meaning “to make [that which is expressed by the derivation],” such as immortalize). English words that derive from these should be spelled with -ize. Other verbs that derive from nouns that are neither Greek nor Latin also take -ize. These include verbs formed from proper names (such as mesmerize and Americanize) and from names of chemical compounds (such as oxidize and digitalize).

The box shows the exceptions to the -ize rule, and the etymological reasons. None of the words is from Greek, and they mainly derive directly from verbs rather than from nouns plus -ise.

So how often do people digitalize or digitalise? When I searched Medline the citations numbered 778 and 154 respectively—that is, 83% in favour of -ize, partly due to the North American influence (see table). In contrast, nouns that end in -lysis should form verbs ending in -lyse, but -lyze is often seen in American texts. The Medline occurrences of -lyse or -lyze words (ana-, auto-, bacterio-, cata-, cyto-, dia-, electro-, h(a)emato-, h(a)emo-, histo-, hydro-, leukocyto-, neuro-, para-, photo-, plasmo-, proteo-, radio-, thermo-, zymo-, and lyse itself) are given in the table and show the heavy North American influence.

So why is -ise an alternative to -ize? Well, blame the French—they changed the Latin -izare to -iser. Of course, English wouldn't be English if there weren't some words that end in -ize that can't be spelled -ise: assize, capsize, Louis-Seize, Louis-Treize, prize, seize, and size. 

So all in all, as you might say, the -ize have it.

 Word	Origin	
 Advertise	Latin -vertere ⇒ Old French -vertiss-	
 Advise	Latin -visare	
 Apprise, comprise, emprise, enterprise, prise, reprise, surprise	Latin -pre[he]ndere ⇒ French -pris-	
 Arise, rise	Old English risan	
 Chastise	[No evidence of an -is- form]	
 Circumcise, excise, incise	Latin -cidere (supine -cisum)	
 Compromise, demise, premise, promise, surmise	Latin -mittere (supine -missum)	
 Despise	Latin despicere ⇒ French despis-	
 Devise, improvise, supervise, televise	Latin -videre (supine -visum)	
 Disenfranchise, enfranchise, franchise	Old French franchise	
 Disguise, guise	Old French guise	
 Exercise	Latin exarcere ⇒ Old French exercice	
 Merchandise	Old French marchandise	
 Wise	Old English wise