tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Down-regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Persistence in the Cultured Epithelium and Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β
Authors: Sophie T. Gohy, Bruno R. Detry, Marylène Lecocq, Caroline Bouzin, Birgit A. Weynand, Gimano D. Amatngalim, Yves M. Sibille, Charles Pilette
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The generation of protective secretory IgA relies on the epithelial polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). pIgR expression is reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but correlation to disease severity and underlying mechanisms remains unknown.To address the hypothesis that pIgR down-regulation in COPD concerns severe disease in relation to aberrant programming of the bronchial epithelium.Surgical lung tissue and primary bronchial epithelium (cultured in air-liquid interface, ALI) obtained from a large series of patients (n = 116) were studied for pIgR expression and regulation.pIgR immunostaining in the bronchial epithelium is decreased in severe COPD. In contrast, pIgR transcription was up-regulated in smokers with or without COPD. In ALI (vs. submerged) cultures, pIgR expression was strongly induced, whereas pIgR expression and IgA-transcytosis capacity were decreased in cultures from subjects with severe COPD as compared with control subjects. In addition, COPD cultures released more transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), reflecting increased epithelial TGF-β1 immunostaining in COPD lung tissue. Finally, besides inducing epithelial dedifferentiation, exogenous TGF-β1 dose-dependently inhibited pIgR production, whereas pIgR increased on blockade of TGF-β1 activity during ALI differentiation.pIgR down-regulation in COPD correlates with disease severity, and the bronchial epithelium reconstituted in vitro from these patients retains its aberrant imprinting for pIgR expression. This study also links pIgR down-regulation to TGF-β-driven reprogramming of the bronchial epithelium, which results in impaired lung IgA immunity in patients with COPD.
La Chirurgie Moderne: ses Debuts en Occident: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe Siecles
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This is a luxury book—beautiful typography, on excellent paper, lavishly illustrated and well bound, and in a limited edition of only 3,000 copies. It would make a handsome gift book. As history, however, it is rather sketchy.  The first volume in this series told the story of surgery from the fifth to the 15th centuries. This volume presents surgery in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Yet there are only 118 pages of text to tell this story, and the text fairly bristles with names—often more than 20 per page. The narrative portions are rather thin, disclosing various operations, procedures, and instruments; telling who was the first to do this or that; and who did what and when. It narrates some of the medical problems of the era, but is not strong in presenting any overall development of thought during the three centuries in question, or integrating surgery with the
The most precious gift
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A few summers ago a good friend and I took an overnight trip to the Skellig Islands, off the coast of Kerry. We had two reasons. Firstly, we wanted to see the huge puffin and gannet colonies, as we are both children of nature. Secondly, as we are both weird dudes and wanted to get in touch with ourselves, where better to do that than in an eighth century monastery on an island on the edge of the world, in the uttermost west, with nothing between us and America but thousands upon thousands of miles of restless ocean.

On the boat trip …
Angiosarcoma of the Liver in a Rural Population
Authors: Justus J. Fiechtner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Angiosarcoma of the liver has recently been publicized because of its association with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization workers. Four cases of this rare tumor have been observed at the Marshfield Clinic within a 29-month period. There are no factories that manufacture PVC products in the immediate area, nor were any of the victims ever involved in such manufacturing work. Thus, it is possible that other factors may be related to this cluster of the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1704-1706, 1976)
The Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
Authors: Richard T. Shackelford, George D. Zuidema, Warren Stone Bickham
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aggregation, impaired degradation and immunization targeting of amyloid-beta dimers in Alzheimer’s disease: a stochastic modelling approach
Authors: Carole J Proctor, Ilse Pienaar, Joanna L Elson, Thomas BL Kirkwood
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder affecting humans, with advanced age being the most prominent risk factor for developing AD. Despite intense research efforts aimed at elucidating the precise molecular underpinnings of AD, a definitive answer is still lacking. In recent years, consensus has grown that dimerisation of the polypeptide amyloid-beta (Aß), particularly Aß42, plays a crucial role in the neuropathology that characterise AD-affected post-mortem brains, including the large-scale accumulation of fibrils, also referred to as senile plaques. This has led to the realistic hope that targeting Aß42 immunotherapeutically could drastically reduce plaque burden in the ageing brain, thus delaying AD onset or symptom progression. Stochastic modelling is a useful tool for increasing understanding of the processes underlying complex systems-affecting disorders such as AD, providing a rapid and inexpensive strategy for testing putative new therapies. In light of the tool's utility, we developed computer simulation models to examine Aß42 turnover and its aggregation in detail and to test the effect of immunization against Aß dimers. Our model demonstrates for the first time that even a slight decrease in the clearance rate of Aß42 monomers is sufficient to increase the chance of dimers forming, which could act as instigators of protofibril and fibril formation, resulting in increased plaque levels. As the process is slow and levels of Aβ are normally low, stochastic effects are important. Our model predicts that reducing the rate of dimerisation leads to a significant reduction in plaque levels and delays onset of plaque formation. The model was used to test the effect of an antibody mediated immunological response. Our results showed that plaque levels were reduced compared to conditions where antibodies are not present. Our model supports the current thinking that levels of dimers are important in initiating the aggregation process. Although substantial knowledge exists regarding the process, no therapeutic intervention is on offer that reliably decreases disease burden in AD patients. Computer modelling could serve as one of a number of tools to examine both the validity of reliable biomarkers and aid the discovery of successful intervention strategies.
THE STATE AND PRE-NATAL HYGIENE
Authors: E. McConnell
Journal: BMJ (1918)

SUFFICIENT information is already available to show lhow important an element in the problem of child welfare is the period when the child is wlholly dependent for its con- tinued existence on the health and well-being of the motlher.But wlhile ante-natal care is not only as important as post-natal, it implies inquiry into conditions wllicil have little similarity with those properly belonging to the later period.Tlle field, indeed, is primarily clinical and pathlo- logical, and sime indication of tlhe importance of these is afforded by tlle mortality of the first four weeks of life.It will be useful, therefore, to look at these for a moment.The infant death-rate is usually stated per 1,000births in the same -year.This rate for Scotland in 1917 was 107, -but in th)e larger burghs it aweraged 124, and in the county districts 88.In the same year the highest rate in individual towns was- 139 in Aber(leen, 137 in Dundee, 132 in Perth, 128 in Glasgow, Falkirk and K{ilmarnock 125, and 123 inDEdinburgh.Friom this general statement, however, we obtain no indication of the wide difference in the rate betveen the early and later niontls of tlle first year of life, and it is only by considering this that we are led to understand the predominant part played by ante-natal causes.Suppose, for example, we distribute the deatlhs according to the period of their occurrence under three months, nnder six months, and under twelve months, and state them as ratios of the total births, this is whlat we get (taken fromii.tlhe Glasgow report):
PAX5 is a tumor suppressor in mouse mutagenesis models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jinjun Dang, Lei Wei, Jeroen de Ridder, Xiaoping Su, Alistair G. Rust, Kathryn G. Roberts, Debbie Payne-Turner, Jinjun Cheng, Jing Ma, Chunxu Qu, Gang Wu, Guangchun Song, Robert G. Huether, Brenda Schulman, Laura Janke, Jinghui Zhang, James R. Downing, Louise van der Weyden, David J. Adams, Charles G. Mullighan
Journal: Blood (2015)
Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis (PFAPA) Syndrome: Evaluation of Patients in San Diego, California
Authors: L. Broderick, D. Carvalho, A. Magit, W. Jiang, M. Bothwell, D. Kearns, S. Pransky, H.M. Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Hydrochlorothiazide-Induced Water Intoxication in Myxedema
Authors: Alex Q. Mataverde
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HYPOTHYROIDISM is commonly associated with asymptomatic hyponatremia. Infrequently, patients with myxedema may develop severe hyponatremia and water intoxication. To our knowledge, water intoxication in myxedema following oral administration of hydrochlorothiazide has not been reported. We have seen such a patient who developed severe hyponatremia and water intoxication with mental confusion following oral administration of this drug. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 46-year-old man entered our hospital with a four-week history of upper respiratory tract infection, followed by hoarseness, facial swelling, puffy eyelids, swollen hands and legs, and exertional dyspnea. The patient was oriented and markedly obese. Blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg; pulse, 76 beats per minute; temperature, 37.2 C (99 F); weight, 127.7 kg (281 lb); height, 183 cm (6 ft). The face and periorbital areas were puffy. The thyroid gland was not palpable. The heart was enlarged. The skin was cool and dry; mild pitting ankle edema was
Consensus on overtreating cancer.
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the appropriateness of referrals-that is, the extent to which general practitioners', consultants', and patients' expectations are met. 7More studies are needed on qualitative aspects of referrals so that rates of referral may be interpreted in relation both to the benefits of referral-for example, improved health and well being-and to the risks of referral- for example, unnecessary investigation or treatment.Many of the problems in measuring and interpreting rates of referral have yet to be solved.General practitioners should welcome meaningful data on their referrals as a means of improving patient care.The benefits that will result from discussion of referrals are likely to be educational ones and will arise from discussions between small groups of general practitioners and between general practitioners and district consultants to whom they refer.The DHSS intends to use information on rates of referral "to ensure quality of care in a cost effective way."I Whether the accent will be on quality or cost remains to be seen.
Carrier detection of Hemophilia B by using a restriction site polymorphism associated with the coagulation Factor IX gene.
Authors: L Grunebaum, J P Cazenave, G Camerino, C Kloepfer, J L Mandel, P Tolstoshev, M Jaye, H De la Salle, J P Lecocq
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The cloned complementary DNA for coagulation Factor IX (FIX) detects a frequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in human genomic DNAs digested with the restriction endonuclease Taq I. This genetic marker was used, in parallel with coagulation and immunological assays, to follow the segregation of an abnormal FIX gene in a large Hemophilia B family. Among the six potential female carriers, functional assays showed that four had a high probability, and two a low probability of being carriers. Analysis at the DNA level with the cDNA probe was informative in five of the six cases, and in all these five the diagnosis of carrier state was definitively confirmed. This demonstrates the feasibility of using linkage analysis at the DNA level for the genetic screening of Hemophilia B. This method has the advantages over conventional assays of giving a diagnosis of certainty, and of being applicable to early prenatal diagnosis using biopsies of trophoblast villi. At present, the single known polymorphism associated with the FIX gene restricts the application of linkage analysis to informative cases (40%), but findings of additional RFLPs in this region should improve this figure.
Detection of low prevalence somatic mutations in solid tumors with ultra-deep targeted sequencing
Authors: Olivier Harismendy, Richard B Schwab, Lei Bao, Jeff Olson, Sophie Rozenzhak, Steve K Kotsopoulos, Stephanie Pond, Brian Crain, Mark S Chee, Karen Messer, Darren R Link, Kelly A Frazer
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Ultra-deep targeted sequencing (UDT-Seq) can identify subclonal somatic mutations in tumor samples. Early assays' limited breadth and depth restrict their clinical utility. Here, we target 71 kb of mutational hotspots in 42 cancer genes. We present novel methods enhancing both laboratory workflow and mutation detection. We evaluate UDT-Seq true sensitivity and specificity (&gt; 94% and &gt; 99%, respectively) for low prevalence mutations in a mixing experiment and demonstrate its utility using six tumor samples. With an improved performance when run on the Illumina Miseq, the UDT-Seq assay is well suited for clinical applications to guide therapy and study clonal selection in heterogeneous samples.
Phonocardiography During Pregnancy
Authors: Ephraim C. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Electromagnetic disks recorded the heart sounds of 200 pregnant women. Of these recordings, 181 were interpretable. Evaluation of these records yielded 47 suspicious tracings; of these patients, 11 were found to have organic cardiovascular lesions. Physiological sound abnormalities were found in 150 patients. These included great vessel flow murmur and accentuated third sound, ejection sound, and fourth sound. Only 12 patients had completely negative tracings. No patient with heart disease was detected in a control group. The usefulness of routine screening of pregnant women for heart disease by recording heart sounds is explained.
Hospital Topics: The Hospital Consultant's Secretary
Authors: J. H. Gooch, R. A. F. Harcourt, J. F. R. Ibbetson, D. A. Whitmore
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Analysis of work done by the secretaries attached to one medical unit in a general hospital showed that much was discretionary in character and entailed making decisions. Work in the unit was made easier and more efficient by this intelligent use of initiative by the secretaries. At present the pay given to medical secretaries in hospital is below a level that would be commensurate with their responsibility.
Differential activation of heat shock and nuclear factor ?B transcription factors in postischemic reperfused rat liver
Authors: L Tacchini, L Radice, G Pogliaghi, A Bernelli-Zazzera
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the transcription factors, heat-shock factor (HSF) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), in postischemic reperfused liver, with particular attention paid to possible differences in the time-course and mechanism of activation, which may help in defining their role in the response of the liver to reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by clamping the hilar pedicle of the left lateral and median liver lobes; the clamp was removed after 1 hour. Some rats were treated intraperitoneally with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) 30 minutes before ischemia and at the time of reperfusion. Binding of NF-κB to the corresponding consensus sequence is activated after 30 minutes of reperfusion, and is still increased 1 hour after reperfusion. Activation is suppressed in rats treated with IL-1RA; NF-κB persists in the cytosol associated with the inhibitor, IκB, and can be artifactually activated in vitro . Super-gel shift experiments revealed that the two subunits, p50 and p65, are involved in the activation of binding. In contrast, binding of HSF to the corresponding consensus sequence, heat shock element (HSE), is already activated at the end of ischemia, shows a further increase after 30 minutes of reperfusion, but declines 1 hour after reperfusion; more importantly, it is not inhibited by pretreatment of the rat with IL-1RA. In conclusion, although both HSF and NF-κB are activated by ischemia-reperfusion, there are clear differences in time-course and mechanism of activation of the two transcription factors. Activation of HSF depends directly on some events occurring during ischemia; NF-κB is activated only after reperfusion and the concurrent oxidative stress, by an indirect mechanism that can be suppressed by IL-1RA. The possibility of dissociating the activation of these two transcription factors in postischemic reperfusion can have a prospective clinical relevance.
Increased Immune Reactivity Predicts Aggressive Complicating Crohn's Disease in Children
Authors: Marla C. Dubinsky, Subra Kugathasan, Ling Mei, Yoana Picornell, Justin Nebel, Iwona Wrobel, Antonio Quiros, Gary Silber, Ghassan Wahbeh, Lirona Katzir, Eric Vasiliauskas, Ron Bahar, Anthony Otley, David Mack, Jonathan Evans, Joel Rosh, Maria Oliva Hemker, Neal Leleiko, Wallace Crandall, Christine Langton, Carol Landers, Kent D. Taylor, Stephan R. Targan, Jerome I. Rotter, James Markowitz, Jeffrey Hyams
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
The HIV-Infected Surgeon
Authors: Frank S. Rhame
Journal: JAMA (1990)

There are probably hundreds of practicing surgeons in the United States who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated there were 625 000 to 1 million HIV-infected homosexual or bisexual men in the United States.<sup>1</sup>These cases are prevalent among approximately 70 million men in the United States between the ages of 20 and 64 years, projecting to approximately one HIV infection in every 100 young and middle-aged men in the United States. As of January 1, 1988, there were more than 120 000 male physicians providing patient care in surgical specialities.<sup>2</sup>Applying the national HIV infection proportion to US male surgeons is, of course, speculative; however, the proportion of male surgeons in the United States who have become HIV infected from unprotected male-to-male sex would have to be less than one-fifth the projected national proportion for there
Percutaneous Biliary Bypass in Malignant Obstructions
Authors: Constantin Cope
Journal: JAMA (1981)

MOST patients with carcinoma of the pancreas become jaundiced at some time during the course of their illness. Few of these patients have resectable tumors at the time of diagnosis.<sup>1</sup>Therefore, a large group of patients with pancreatic cancer, in addition to a smaller group with various other malignant neoplasms, may benefit from a new technique of percutaneous biliary bypass (PBB).<sup>2</sup>This procedure relieves obstructive jaundice by providing transhepatic antegrade catheter drainage of bile into the duodenum. Percutaneous biliary bypass is safer than surgical bypass for that group of patients in whom advanced age, intrahepatic disease, debilitating malignant disease, or concurrent medical disease have led to high postoperative mortality and significant morbidity.<sup>1,3,4</sup> The authors have reviewed the records of ten patients treated by one of us (C.C.) using PBB in 1978 as an alternative to surgery to ascertain the feasibility, patient acceptance, and survival time associated with
Regulation and Development of New Drugs
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In a field as rapidly evolving as clinical pharmacology, it may appear trite to observe that 1981 was an important year. Yet, from the standpoint of new trends in drug regulation as well as advances in therapeutics, the preceding year was indeed noteworthy.  Developments in Drug Policy  Food and Drug Administration.—  The 75th anniversary of the enactment of the first Federal Food and Drug Act and the subsequent establishment of the FDA were celebrated in 1981. Retrospectively, few who supported that original law, including the American Medical Association, could have predicted that it would lead to our present, complex system of drug regulation and development. Although there are many who now are concerned by what they perceive as overregulation, there are scarcely any who would argue against the need for some type of drug regulation. The remarkable technological advancements during the past 75 years have made clinical therapeutics too sophisticated
BCA-1/CXCL13 expression is associated with CXCR5-positive B-cell cluster formation in acute renal transplant rejection
Authors: Oliver M. Steinmetz, Ulf Panzer, Ursula Kneissler, Sigrid Harendza, Martin Lipp, Udo Helmchen, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
The Creation of Adam: Divine Funster Decrees We Are What We Eat: Chicken?
Authors: Mark Lee Appler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  Dr Meshberger's 1 article regarding Michelangelo's Creation of Adam was fascinating. I would like to point out another intriguing element of this story. In the same issue an advertisement from the National Dairy Board featured a picture of a dressed chicken (p 1863). Allowing for a left to right reversal, is there not also a striking similarity to Fig 6 on page 1838, by Dr Frank Netter? Is the Divine Creator, who made both the human brain and the chicken, a funster at heart? Dr Meshberger's article causes us to look at the world in a new way, seeing things we had never seen before..
Time — A Fourth Dimension for Encephalopathies
Authors: Arthur L. Prensky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The effects of metabolic insults to the developing nervous system are usually related to the etiologic agent, the severity of the disease, and the age at which the insult occurs. There is a fourth dimension, often neglected — the length of time over which the insult takes place.In this issue of the Journal, Msall and Newburger and their colleagues1 , 2 discuss the adverse effects of metabolic encephalopathies in infancy and early childhood on neurologic development and intelligence. The subjects are seemingly unrelated. Msall et al. document the devastating effects that hyperammonemic coma occurring in the first days of life . . .