tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Whose health and safety?
Authors: M. E. Black
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I welcomed the new year in by the old stone harbour on Hvar, a lovely island in Croatia. I observed the following risky teenage behaviour: binge drinking of beer, vodka, and fluorescent e-numbered drinks; spitting out lighted firecrackers; random firework displays; topless (male) dancing on broken glass; inebriated climbing on walls above the freezing sea; and jigging around to high decibel music. In reality it was all quite tame and a lot of fun: a gathering of a thousand people of mixed age, with friendly police wandering around. It felt much safer …
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx in a Long-Term Survivor of Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kyoichi Kaira, Tamotsu Ishizuka, Naondo Sohara, Noriko Yanagitani, Noriaki Sunaga, Takafumi Tsuchiya, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

manifestations. 2 In some cases, panhypogammaglobulinemia and other autoimmune diseases were also present. [3]4][5] However, cicatrizing keratoconjunctivitis is rare. 6 Since the tumor is usually slow growing and borderline malignant, the onset of symptoms can be insidious.In contrast, it is life threatening (and in our case sight threatening) and both the tumor and immune defect are curable.Hence, a high index of suspicion and repeated screening is warranted in patients with unusual clinical features that may point to such diseases.
Abstract 152: MicroRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mamoru Uemura, Wojciech Mydlarz, Steven Chang, Patrick Hennessey, Wenyue Sun, Chunbo Shao, Patric Ha, David Sidransky, Joseph Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs play a key role in tumor development and progression. The aim of this study is to assess the role and function of microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Method and Results: We investigated expression profiles of microRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by using a miRNA microarray platform. Profiles from tumor samples (n=10) and nontumor tissues (n=10) were compared. We identified 24 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which 1 was significantly downregulated, while the other 23 were upregulated in tumor tissues. Mir-21 was most notably upregulated in tumor tissues (P=0.0002), and mir-375 was a potential tumor suppressive microRNA that was significantly downregulated in tumors (P=0.0002). Expression profiles of these two microRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR with separate clinical samples (16 tumors and 15 normal tissues). In vitro assays confirmed that mir-21 stimulated cell growth and mir-375 had a tumor suppressive role. Next, to assess downstream target genes, cells were subjected to microarray analysis after transient transfection with each microRNA or its negative control. We also conducted a bioinformatics search (TargetScan, PicTar, miRanda). By combining these data, we identified potential target genes including YWHAZ (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide) for mir-375 and BNC2 (Basonuclin 2) for mir-21. These potential target genes were downregulated after forced expression of mir-375 or mir-21. The activities of a luciferase reporter containing these microRNA's binding sequences at the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of some potential target mRNAs were repressed by the ectopic expression of miR-375 or miR-21, suggesting that some of these candidates are specific targets of these microRNAs. Conclusions: Mir-21 is a potential oncogenic microRNA, and miR-375 is a potential tumor-suppressive microRNA in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Further investigation including pathway analysis of these microRNAs may lead to the detection of therapeutic targets of head and neck cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-152
Long-Term Vasodilator Therapy in Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Artur Evangelista, Pilar Tornos, Antonia Sambola, Gaietà Permanyer-Miralda, Jordi Soler-Soler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Vasodilator therapy can reduce the left ventricular volume and mass and improve left ventricular performance in patients with aortic regurgitation. Accordingly, it has been suggested that such therapy may reduce or delay the need for aortic-valve replacement.We randomly assigned 95 patients with asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function to receive open-label nifedipine (20 mg every 12 hours), open-label enalapril (20 mg per day), or no treatment (control group) to identify the possible beneficial effects of vasodilator therapy on left ventricular function and the need for aortic-valve replacement.After a mean of seven years of follow-up, the rate of aortic-valve replacement was similar among the groups: 39 percent in the control group, 50 percent in the enalapril group, and 41 percent in the nifedipine group (P=0.62). In addition, there were no significant differences among the groups in aortic regurgitant volume, left ventricular size, left ventricular mass, mean wall stress, or ejection fraction. One year after valve replacement, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter had decreased to a similar degree among the patients who underwent surgery in each of the three groups, and all the patients had a normal ejection fraction.Long-term vasodilator therapy with nifedipine or enalapril did not reduce or delay the need for aortic-valve replacement in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Furthermore, such therapy did not reduce the aortic regurgitant volume, decrease the size of the left ventricle, or improve left ventricular function.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Virginia A. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letters between James K. Todd, MD, and E. Dale Everett, MD (243:1631, 1980), concerning the question of whether mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) (Kawasaki disease) can occur in adults are of interest to us as authors of a report on this syndrome in an adult (discussed with Dr Kawasaki in 1976 before submission of our report for publication).<sup>1</sup> Our patient was a 30-year-old woman, the patients described by Everett (242:542, 1979) were women aged 16 to 27 years, and another patient reported on<sup>2</sup>was an 18-year-old woman. The ages are all well beyond the range reported by Kawasaki et al.<sup>3</sup>Nevertheless, the signs exhibited by these patients conform to the six principal features and to many of the secondary features listed by Kawasaki. Kawasaki's graph of age distribution of MLNS shows a peak in the second year, but does not go to zero
Sustained activation of c-jun-terminal kinase (JNK) is closely related to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in an acute myeloid leukemia (M2)-derived cell line, NKM-1
Authors: T Kajiguchi, K Yamamoto, K Hossain, A A Akhand, I Nakashima, T Naoe, H Saito, N Emi
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Costs and benefits of prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis
Authors: J. P. Fenerty
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Newly-developedgenetic tests based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) promise to facilitate the early detection of genetic diseases.Several such tests are now available for the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common and costly disease.The tests for CF are currently limited to prenatal diagnosis in siblings of a victim of CF.Direct gene probe tests, which have yet to be developed for CF, would be applicable even in families that have not already borne a child with the disease.We examine the costs and benefits of prenatal testing for cystic fibrosis using existing RFLP-based tests and using a hypothetical direct gene probe test.We find that even an expensive RAPbased testing program produces substantial net benefits, because it is applied in pregnancies in which the risk of CF is 25%.If a direct gene probe test is applied in all pregnancies, it will need to be much less expensive to generate net benefits, and it will lead to the abortion of many normal fetuses unless it is highly specific.Because these new tests are likely to generate substantial savings in medical expenditures and to increase lifetine earnings, parents of CF-affected children may be subjected to strong pressures to participate in prenatal testing programs and to abort fetuses that test positive.It is imperative that the ethical dilemmas arising from this promising screening test be discussed openly before it becomes widely available.
Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: Robert Edmunds, John P. West
Journal: JAMA (1964)

RECURRENT HEMORRHAGE from esophageal and gastric varices can be prevented by a portacaval shunt which remains patent and reduces the portal pressure to a normal or near normal level.<sup>1</sup>Such an operation should improve the prognosis for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver and varices which have bled.<sup>2</sup> There are skeptics,<sup>3-5</sup>however, who feel that the natural course of cirrhosis of the liver, in such cases, is so grave that portal-systemic venous shunts are unlikely to alter the longtime survival rate. It is difficult to find reports of comparable cases treated by shunts or by medical therapy and followed for a significant period of time. It is for this reason that we report our experience with 42 patients who have been followed five or more years. Twenty-one patients were not operated on, and 21 were treated by portacaval ( 19) or splenorenal (2) shunt. Two- and three-year
Small-Airway Obstruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: John E. McDonough, Ren Yuan, Masaru Suzuki, Nazgol Seyednejad, W. Mark Elliott, Pablo G. Sanchez, Alexander C. Wright, Warren B. Gefter, Leslie Litzky, Harvey O. Coxson, Peter D. Paré, Don D. Sin, Richard A. Pierce, Jason C. Woods, Annette M. McWilliams, John R. Mayo, Stephen C. Lam, Joel D. Cooper, James C. Hogg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The major sites of obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are small airways (<2 mm in diameter). We wanted to determine whether there was a relationship between small-airway obstruction and emphysematous destruction in COPD.We used multidetector computed tomography (CT) to compare the number of airways measuring 2.0 to 2.5 mm in 78 patients who had various stages of COPD, as judged by scoring on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) scale, in isolated lungs removed from patients with COPD who underwent lung transplantation, and in donor (control) lungs. MicroCT was used to measure the extent of emphysema (mean linear intercept), the number of terminal bronchioles per milliliter of lung volume, and the minimum diameters and cross-sectional areas of terminal bronchioles.On multidetector CT, in samples from patients with COPD, as compared with control samples, the number of airways measuring 2.0 to 2.5 mm in diameter was reduced in patients with GOLD stage 1 disease (P=0.001), GOLD stage 2 disease (P=0.02), and GOLD stage 3 or 4 disease (P<0.001). MicroCT of isolated samples of lungs removed from patients with GOLD stage 4 disease showed a reduction of 81 to 99.7% in the total cross-sectional area of terminal bronchioles and a reduction of 72 to 89% in the number of terminal bronchioles (P<0.001). A comparison of the number of terminal bronchioles and dimensions at different levels of emphysematous destruction (i.e., an increasing value for the mean linear intercept) showed that the narrowing and loss of terminal bronchioles preceded emphysematous destruction in COPD (P<0.001).These results show that narrowing and disappearance of small conducting airways before the onset of emphysematous destruction can explain the increased peripheral airway resistance reported in COPD. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.).
Splenic Uptake of Tc-99m MDP
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RONALD J. ROSENBERG, KHALID A. YOOSUFANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

In a 68-year-old woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, there was considerable (and diffuse) splenic accumulation of Tc-99m MDP. Because diphosphonates have an affinity for iron compounds, the spleen was examined for hemosiderin. A considerable amount of hemosiderin uptake could be demonstrated throughout the spleen. This may be another example of extraosseous uptake of a Tc-99m labeled diphosphonate related to the presence of iron compounds in the tissue.
Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy
Authors: BEHRAM PASTAKIA, STANLEY H. WEISS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Gallium uptake corresponding to the extent of the disease in a patient with histologically proven sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is reported. Computerized tomography confirmed the presence of bilateral retrobulbar masses, involvement of both lateral recti, erosion of the bony orbital floor with encroachment of tumor into the right maxillary antrum, and retropharyngeal involvement.
Adaptive support ventilation versus conventional ventilation for total ventilatory support in acute respiratory failure
Authors: Giorgio A. Iotti, Andrea Polito, Mirko Belliato, Daniela Pasero, Gaetan Beduneau, Marc Wysocki, Josef X. Brunner, Antonio Braschi, Laurent Brochard, Jordi Mancebo, V. Marco Ranieri, Jean-Christophe M. Richard, Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Treatment of Edema with an Orally Administered Spirolactone
Authors: Ira N. Tublin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

An orally administered aldosterone antagonist has been evaluated for usefulness as a diuretic. Sixteen patients with edema due to cirrhosis, nephrotic syndromes, congestive heart failure, and acute glomerulonephritis received the drug a total of 21 times. Weight loss of more than two pounds daily was noted over a 48-hour period in seven trials. Weight reduction of less than two pounds occurred in six trials, and no significant loss in eight No single diagnostic category responded more favorably than the others. Evidence of inhibition of aldosterone effects in the renal tubule was obtained in all patients, regardless of the weight response. No toxic manifestations were observed.
The multifaceted clinical presentations and manifestations of Erdheim–Chester disease: comprehensive review of the literature and of 10 new cases
Authors: Giulio Cavalli, Barbara Guglielmi, Alvise Berti, Corrado Campochiaro, Maria Grazia Sabbadini, Lorenzo Dagna
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterised by organ infiltration by non-Langerhans' histiocytes. Although rare, ECD is clearly an overlooked diagnosis. No data specifically addressing the most frequent presentations of ECD at the time of onset in a large cohort of patients are currently available. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed all the published cases in the English literature of histologically-confirmed ECD. We excluded reports in which data regarding onset and diagnosis were not univocal, as well as repeated reports of the same case(s). We also included in the analysis 10 new unpublished patients from our cohort. We analysed the disease presentation with particular regard to the manifestations that induced patients to seek medical attention and their subsequent evolution. <h3>Results</h3> In the cumulative cohort of 259 cases, ECD predominantly presented with skeletal symptoms, diabetes insipidus, neurological and constitutional symptoms. Diabetes insipidus and constitutional symptoms, if not present at onset, seemed to only seldom develop. There were differences in ECD presentation and course among different age groups of patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Physicians should be aware of the extraordinarily heterogeneous clinical presentations and manifestations of ECD in order to include ECD in the differential diagnosis of several conditions.
Pathophysiology of Escherichia coli ventilator-associated pneumonia: implication of highly virulent extraintestinal pathogenic strains
Authors: Jonathan Messika, Fatma Magdoud, Olivier Clermont, Dimitri Margetis, Stéphane Gaudry, Damien Roux, Catherine Branger, Didier Dreyfuss, Erick Denamur, Jean-Damien Ricard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Calcium antagonists and the stunned myocardium: a role during ischaemia? A role during reperfusion?
Authors: K. Przyklenk, R. A Kloner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Calcium antagonists and the stunned myocardium: a role during ischaemia? A role during reperfusion? Get access Karin Przyklenk, Karin Przyklenk Heart Institute, Hospital of the Good Samaritan and Section of Cardiology, University of Southern California. 616 South Witmer Street, Los Angeles, CA 90017. USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert A Kloner Robert A Kloner Heart Institute, Hospital of the Good Samaritan and Section of Cardiology, University of Southern California. 616 South Witmer Street, Los Angeles, CA 90017. USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 1992, Pages 82–84, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.1.82 Published: 01 January 1992
TENSION ADHESIVE STRAPS.
Authors: E. H. KING
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The greatest objection to the use of adhesive straps over wounds arises mainly from a collection of crusts or dried secretion under them, and from the difficulty of inspecting and changing the underlying dressings. This difficulty can be easily remedied by taking common dress hooks, A, bend the circular parts of the shank at a right angle, B, and fix them on the end of an inch strap of Meads, a similar adhesive plaster, C. The straps with the hooked ends may be placed one inch or more from the border of the wound, D, on either side and tension made with small rubber bands over any desired dressing, which will thus be comfortably retained in place. By unhooking the bands, the dressing may be removed without disturbing the straps, wound or patient. These hooks thus made were originated by me. I have used them over twenty years with satisfaction.
Association of mutations in two PKR binding domains of hepatitis C virus genotype 3A and viral loads
Authors: Y. Fukuda, I. Nakano, Y. Katano, H. Toyoda, S. Yokozaki, K. Hayashi, T. Naito, H. Shimizu, T. Honda, H. Otakiri, Y. Takeda, S. Nakashima, H. Ishiguro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
The Lyme Disease Debate Host Biodiversity and Human Disease Risk
Authors: Sharon Levy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Host Biodiversity and Human Disease Risk I n the mid-1970s, several children in the town of Lyme, Connecticut, began to suffer from painful, swollen joints.They were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, a rare condition.Clinicians at Yale School of Medicine suspected the cluster of cases was caused by an infectious agent. 1 The illness, dubbed Lyme disease, was soon recorded in an increasing number of patients in the northeastern United States.Symptoms included rashes, fevers, joint and muscle pain, and heart and neurological problems.
Independent control of skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure.
Authors: H R Middlekauff, M A Hamilton, L W Stevenson, A L Mark
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Sympathetic excitation characterizes heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Abnormal baroreflex restraint of sympathetic neural outflow has been proposed, since baroreflexes are known to be abnormal in heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if sympathetic activation in humans with heart failure is limited to regions governed by the baroreflexes or is generalized to other regions free from baroreflex control.We report the first direct recordings of skin sympathetic nerve activity (free from baroreflex control) in humans with heart failure and compare simultaneous skin and muscle (baroreflex-dependent) sympathetic peroneal nerve activity in six patients with severe heart failure (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.19 +/- 0.06) and in six age-matched normal control subjects. Although muscle sympathetic nerve activity was markedly increased in heart failure patients (heart failure versus controls, 69 +/- 3 versus 21 +/- 2 bursts per minute; P < .001), skin sympathetic nerve activity was not increased (heart failure versus controls, 12 +/- 1 versus 15 +/- 1 bursts per minute; P = NS).The finding that skin sympathetic nerve activity in contrast to muscle sympathetic nerve activity is not increased in heart failure supports the concept that an altered reflex system, such as the baroreflexes, with nonuniform effects on muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity, underlies sympatho-excitation in heart failure.
Hereditary Thrombocytopenia, Deafness, and Renal Disease
Authors: JOHN D. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The syndrome of hereditary thrombocytopenia, deafness, and renal disease was manifest in at least eight members in three generations of a family. They had a lifelong history of bleeding, usually as epistaxis, bilateral sensorineural deafness starting in late childhood or the teenage years, and persistent proteinuria with varying degrees of renal dysfunction. Two members died at a young age, one from central nervous system hemorrhage, the other from chronic renal failure. Splenectomy and steroid therapy have been of transient benefit. There was dominant inheritance of the syndrome. Hematologic studies showed thrombocytopenia, large platelets, and megakaryocytic hyperplasia of the bone marrow. In contrast to a previous report, our studies showed that affected members had normal in-vitro platelet function and normal ultrastructural platelet morphology. At autopsy, histologic changes in the kidney of one affected family member were indistinguishable from those reported in classic hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness (Alport's syndrome).
Regional blood flow and the localisation of lymphoblasts in the small intestine of the mouse: effect of an elemental diet.
Authors: C A Ottaway, D M Parrott
Journal: Gut (1981)

To test the hypothesis that food antigens influence the in vivo migration of lymphoblasts to the small intestine, the effect of an elemental diet (Vivonex) on the distribution of lymphoblasts within the small intestine of mice has been examined. Viable lymphoblasts from the mesenteric nodes of conventionally fed animals were labelled in vitro and given intravenously to recipient mice fed either a standard diet or elemental diet. The localisation of these cells within the small intestine was altered in the animals fed the elemental diet but only in the distal half of the small intestine. The relationship of the localisation of blast cells to the delivery of cardiac output along the small intestine was examined by assessing cell localisation in conjunction with the distribution of an isotopic indicator (86RbC1). The results show that the pattern of localisation of lymphoblasts within the small intestine is related to the probability that they will be delivered to different regions by the blood stream. Therefore, the alterations in blast localisation in the small intestine of animals of the elemental diet can be viewed as a consequence of changes in the perfusion of the distal small intestine. These results do not support the concept that antigens directly influence the efficiency with which blast cells migrate into the intestinal mucosa.