tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concordance rates of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a population based study of young Danish twins
Authors: K. O Kyvik, A. Green, H. Beck-Nielsen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study the genetic contribution to the aetiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. <b>Design</b>: Historical cohort study of twins, with information on diabetes being gathered by questionnaire, verification of the diagnosis by the subject9s diabetologist or general practitioner, and clinical examination in available twins. <b>Setting</b>: Danish twin register and diabetic clinics and general practices throughout Denmark. <b>Subjects</b>: 20888 twin pairs born during 1953-82, included in a population based nationwide register. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Crude and cumulative concordance rates and heritability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. <b>Results</b>: The crude probandwise concordance rate was 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.73) for monozygotic twin pairs and 0.11 (0.05 to 0.21) for dizygotic twin pairs. When adjusted for age at onset of diabetes and age at last observation among unaffected twin partners the cumulative probandwise risk from birth to age 35 was estimated as 0.70 (0.45 to 0.95) for monozygotic twins and 0.13 (0.05 to 0.20) for dizygotic twins. The correlations of liability for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were estimated as 0.96 (SE 0.09) and 0.58 (0.07), with a heritability estimate of 0.72 (0.21). <b>Conclusions</b>: The risk of insulin dependent diabetes in monozygotic twins is higher than previously thought and for dizygotic twins is higher than in ordinary first degree relatives. Based on the findings of this study the genetic component to the disease seems more important than hitherto believed.
Two Species of Alcoholic "Blackout"
Authors: DONALD W. GOODWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Alcohol was administered to two groups of volunteers to study its effects on memory. In one study five alcoholics experienced amnesia after receiving large amounts of alcohol. The amnesia was anterograde, beginning a few minutes after test events occurred and persisting during sobriety on the following day. In another study 48 nonalcoholic young men received smaller amounts of alcohol on one or both of two successive days. Those receiving alcohol on both days recalled test materials better than did those who were intoxicated on the first day but not on the second. The author contrasts this "state-dependent" effect with "amnesia" and explores possible explanations for both.
Calcium exchange and the force-interval relations
Authors: A. M. JANCZEWSKI, B. LEWARTOWSKI, B. PYTKOWSKI, A. PROKOPCZUK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Calcium exchange and the force-interval relations Get access ANDRZEJ MARIA JANCZEWSKI, ANDRZEJ MARIA JANCZEWSKI From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Postgraduate Centre of Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BOHDAN LEWARTOWSKI, BOHDAN LEWARTOWSKI From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Postgraduate Centre of Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BOHDAN PYTKOWSKI, BOHDAN PYTKOWSKI From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Postgraduate Centre of Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANDRZEJ PROKOPCZUK ANDRZEJ PROKOPCZUK From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Postgraduate Centre of Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 591, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.591 Published: 01 August 1988
Hrp12, a novel heat-responsive, tissue-specific, phosphorylated protein isolated from mouse liver
Authors: S J Samuel, S P Tzung, S A Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Previous studies from this laboratory identified a 28-kd nonreducible protein, liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor (LDIF) from the mouse liver. Isolation of this protein resulted in the co-purification of another unique protein called heat responsive protein 12 kd (Hrp12). In contrast to LDIF, Hrp12 was totally reducible to a protein of 12 kd suggesting a dimer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) purification, followed by sequencing of an in situ cyanogen bromide digest of membrane bound Hrp12, yielded an internal 20-amino acid polypeptide. Degenerate oligonucleotides made from this peptide were used to screen a murine liver complementary DNA (cDNA) library. A 1240-bp cDNA clone was obtained with an internal 521-bp open reading frame (ORF). Sequence analysis of the 173-amino acid ORF of mouse Hrp12 showed a high degree of homology with a 99 amino acid rat liver-kidney perchloric acid-soluble protein (LKPS) and a 136-amino acid perchloric acid soluble rat protein (PSP). Transcripts for Hrp12 were mainly restricted to the liver and kidney in mouse and man. The protein was estimated to be approximately 0.8% of the total liver-soluble cytosolic protein. A zoo-blot probed at moderate stringency with labeled cDNA revealed a strong conservation of the gene in all of the mammalian species tested. Analysis of the protein structure of Hrp12 revealed motifs predicted to be targets for protein kinase C (PKC). More importantly, purified mouse Hrp12 could be phosphorylated in vitro with PKC. The protein had significant similarity to DnaK heat shock protein (Hsp)70 and contained a 54-amino acid stretch with sequence similarity to Hsp90. This prompted us to investigate the heat shock response of Hrp12. Isolated hepatocytes and hepatoma cells were exposed to different heat shock temperatures (39.5 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, and 44.5 degrees C); and then total RNA was extracted and Northern analysis carried out. The message for this novel protein responded atypically to heat shock. Although the steady-state level of the message increased after heat shock, a marked oscillatory pattern was superimposed on it. In contrast, the steady-state levels of Hsp90 and Hsp70 messenger RNA (mRNA) were found to respond to heat shock in the expected manner. Finally, the amount of Hrp12 protein was also found to increase after heat shock in a manner that was consistent with heat-responsive proteins.
Effect of Gastric Alkalinization on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure—A New Mechanism for Treatment of Heartburn with Antacids.
Authors: Donald O. Castell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Effect of Gastric Alkalinization on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure—A New Mechanism for Treatment of Heartburn with Antacids.Donald O. Castell, Stephen M. LevineDonald O. CastellSearch for more papers by this author, Stephen M. LevineSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-792_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe physiologic sphincter mechanism at the distal end of the esophagus is believed to function as a barrier against the reflux of acid gastric contents into the esophagus. Recent studies have shown that the hormone gastrin has a profound effect on lower esophageal sphincter pressure, with marked increases in sphincter pressure resulting from injection of pentagastrin or after maneuvers known to cause release of endogenous gastrin.Alkali in various forms is widely used in the treatment of heartburn, primarily to neutralize the acid gastric contents. The present study was performed to evaluate a possible additional effect of alkalinization of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald O. Castell; Stephen M. LevineAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Comparison of Clinical Measurements of Gastroesophageal Reflux 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 792-792KeywordsEsophagusGastrinGastroesophageal reflux diseaseHormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE PARAFFIN INJECTION TREATMENT OF INGUINAL HERNIA.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is more than fifty years since attempts were first made to cure ordinary rupture or inguinal hernia by injecting some irritating fluid into the sac or into the tissues surrounding the neck of the sac. The method was originally introduced by the regular profession, but it did not take long to demonstrate not only that it was unsuccessful in the majority of cases in so far as effecting a cure was concerned, but also that it was not so free from risk as was at first supposed. While the materials composing the injecting fluids have varied somewhat, according to the fancy of the particular operator, the effect of them all is practically the same, namely, to excite an inflammatory exudate which is expected to block the hernial opening and thus to prevent the descent of the hernia. As new-formed connective tissue thus excited by means of local irritants is
Malaria
Authors: Thomas A. Warthin, Sidney A. Levine, Richard R. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

NUMEROUS excellent descriptions of the clinical symptomatology, course and response to quinacrine (atabrine) therapy of relapsing vivax malaria of Pacific origin have appeared in the last four years. Most and his associates1 have described the effects on the relapse rate of combined quinine and plasmochin treatment. Similar but less complete studies have been made by Bianco and his co-workers2 and others. Loeb,3 Most et al.4 and Faust5 have described the early results of treatment with chloroquine (SN 7618). All these studies were carried out in the various military services, with the patients usually hospitalized throughout the entire period of therapy . . .
157. Quantitation of Long-Term Gene Expression from the HSV-1 Latency-Associated Promoter in the Mouse Brain Following Intracranial Injection
Authors: Bradford K. Berges, Ananya Gupta, John H. Wolfe, Nigel W. Fraser
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Introduction: Inability of HSV-1 vectors to sustain long-term expression in the CNS has previously been reported using a variety of different promoters and vector strains (reviewed in Lilley et al, 2001). Vectors using the LAT promoter generally have superior levels of latent-phase gene expression, although even these vectors fail to maintain stable CNS transduction. To date, long-term transduction studies of HSV-1 vectors have suffered from either inadequate quantitation of gene expression (using only histological techniques) or a lack of truly long-term time points.

We have performed intracranial injections into the adult mouse striatum with an HSV-1 vector (1716-LAT-hGUSB) that expresses the human beta-glucuronidase (hGUSB) reporter gene under the control of the endogenous viral LAT promoter. We have quantified long-term transduction at both acute and latent time points (up to 52 weeks) at the level of reporter enzyme activity as well as the presence of RNA transcripts. Vector genome maintenance was also measured.

Results: Here we show a neuro-attenuated HSV-1 vector (based on 1716, an ICP34.5 mutant) achieves widespread transduction after a single, site-specific intracranial injection. An analysis of long-term expression revealed the following: 

A histochemical stain reveals a decrease in hGUSB-positive cells over time as measured by digital analysis of the GUSB-positive area.
Significant levels of hGUSB are detected in midbrain homogenates by enzyme activity assays at 2 and 13 weeks but not at 26 and 52 weeks.
The vector genome is stably maintained in the midbrain throughout latency as measured by quantitative PCR. Further, genome levels are equivalent for both 1716-LAT-hGUSB and 1716 at all time points.
In situ hybridization towards LAT-specific transcripts is able to detect transcripts at 2 and 8 weeks post-injection, but not at 26 and 52 weeks.
LAT promoter activity during both acute and latent infection was quantified using Q-RT-PCR (primers specific to the LAT intron). We found that LAT transcript levels peaked around 2 weeks post-injection, but were found at significantly lower, albeit stable levels at 13, 26, and 52 weeks post-injection. No significant differences in LAT transcripts were found at 13, 26, and 52 weeks when comparing 1716-LAT-hGUSB to 1716.




Conclusions:

An HSV-1 ICP34.5 mutant is unable to produce stable long-term reporter enzyme activity in the mouse brain when driven by the LAT promoter.
Vector genome is stably maintained throughout latency (2 through 52 weeks).
LAT transcript levels in the brain are stable from 13 through 52 weeks by Q-RT-PCR but are at levels undetectable by in situ hybridization.
A gene insertion into exon 1 of the LAT gene is not responsible for the lack of long-term LAT promoter activity as the parental virus produces similar LAT transcript levels at latent time points.
Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Gudni Thorsteinsson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A physician from Massachusetts had a question regarding unremitting painful diabetic neuropathy (237:1986, 1977). In his answer Max Ellenberg, MD, did not mention the most recent development in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy, which is transcutaneous nerve stimulation.<sup>1</sup>This has now been used for several years and has been extremely beneficial for painful neuropathy, especially diabetic neuropathy, with a very gratifying relief of pain even though not complete relief. The use of the stimulator has helped these patients tremendously.
Tuberculosis: Discussions in Patient Management
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This small paperback book is an excellent reference source and gives clear practical directions for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. It is an ideal book for medical students, housestaff, and for all physicians who have not had special training in the management of tuberculosis. The authors describe methods currently employed to establish a diagnosis of TB and include some excellent illustrative cases with superb illustrations of roentgenographic findings. The modern classification of TB is explained, and the programs of treatment for each class of patient are given. Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy are covered in sufficient detail to guide adequately a physician who wishes to manage most cases of the disease. An appendix lists all the currently available therapeutic agents, with their dosage, side effects, monitoring tests, and sites of action. This book is rated as a best buy.
The Health Team Model and Medical Care Utilization
Authors: Jerome S. Beloff
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The research hypothesis that the organizational structure of a health delivery system can significantly alter the pattern of medical care behavior of its patient population was tested. The utilization patterns of 31 multiproblem families were studied for 30 continuous months of comprehensive care provided by a family-oriented health care team (physicians, nurse, health aide, and social worker), with continuity, coordination, and constant availability of care. The findings demonstrated a change from an illness response pattern to a healthorientation response pattern. There was an increasing use of health care services such as nurse counseling, psychosocial guidance, employment assistance, health education, marriage counseling, and rehabilitation, and a decreasing use of physician services for illness care. The changing pattern of medical care behavior of these families created an effective utilization of allied health personnel, with physiciansparing results.
What Is Disease?
Authors: Kenneth V. Iserson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Of all the questions we avoid asking ourselves, whether "disease" and "illness" remain valid concepts may be one of the most fascinating, especially for health care professionals and policy makers. Is "disease" still a valid concept? Does it simply promote the medical profession or act as a powerful tool to enfranchise and disenfranchise different societal groups? Or, to some measure, do "disease" and "illness" perform all these functions? The bioethical community displays its keen insights into modern medicine's politics and practices in this compendium of philosophical essays. Not designed for light reading, the essays constitute "an informed philosophical discussion." Comprising more than one third of the book, Christopher Boorse's "A Rebuttal on Health" briefly reviews his "biostatistical theory" of disease, which defines health as the absence of disease, saying that disease is, based on viewing populations, a "statistically species-subnormal biological part-function." One fascinating chart diagrams what experienced clinicians intrinsically know:
A Newly Developed Fine-Caliber Endoscope for Peroral Cholangiopancreatoscopy
Authors: K. Soda, T. Yamanaka, Y. Yoshida, K. Shitou, A. Kashii, M. Miyata
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

We have developed a new fine-caliber (2.09 mm outer diameter) endoscope for peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy. The endoscope contains one image transmission fiber, 12 light guide fibers (the transmitter of light from the light source) and a working channel (a lumen for the guide wire and rinsing). The working channel, whose bore is 0.72 mm, is located centrally within the endoscope. The endoscope can be introduced reliably into the bile and pancreatic ducts using the same techniques as those for endoscopic nasobiliary drainage through the instrumental channel of a duodenoscope for examination without pretreatment of the papilla of Vater. Two patients with lesions of the pancreatic duct and seven patients with lesions of the bile duct suspected or detected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were examined. Direct inspection of the biliopancreatic duct not only provided enough information to make a definite diagnosis, but also revealed lesions that were not detectable by ERCP or other examinations.
Fibrin deposition in tissues from endotoxin-treated mice correlates with decreases in the expression of urokinase-type but not tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: K Yamamoto, D J Loskutoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The primary hypothesis of this report is that the formation and subsequent removal of fibrin in specific tissues during pathologic processes reflects temporal changes in the local expression of key procoagulant and fibrinolytic genes. To begin to test this hypothesis, we have used quantitative PCR assays and in situ hybridization analysis to examine the effects of endotoxin on the expression of specific genes in murine tissues, and to relate these changes to fibrin deposition/dissolution using immunohistochemical approaches. Endotoxin caused large increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA and modest increases in tissue factor mRNA in most tissues examined. However, fibrin was only detected in the kidneys and adrenals of endotoxin-treated mice, and it was transient. Unexpectedly, changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator mRNA but not tissue-type plasminogen activator mRNA correlated with fibrin deposition/dissolution in these tissues. Pretreatment of mice with the fibrinolytic inhibitor epsilon-aminocaproic acid before endotoxin increased both the number of fibrin-positive tissues and the duration of fibrin deposition in the kidneys and adrenals. These results suggest that the absence of fibrin in some tissues reflects ongoing local fibrinolysis, and that increases in plasminogen activator inhibitory and tissue fac- tor gene expression and decreases in urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression are necessary for tissue-specific fibrin deposition. Changes in tissue-type plasminogen activator gene expression do not appear to be essential for fibrin deposition/dissolution in this murine model of sepsis.
Long-Term Survival and Low Effective Cumulative Radioiodine Doses to Achieve Remission in Patients With 131Iodine-Avid Lung Metastasis From Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Fabián Pitoia, Fernanda Bueno, Graciela Cross
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

To evaluate long-term survival and response to RAI treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and 131Iodine-avid metastatic lung disease.A retrospective review of 639 DTC patients followed-up at the Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina, showed that 42 (6%) patients had lung metastasis, and 24 patients were included for analysis.Seventeen were women, and 7 were men (F:M=2.4:1). Eighteen patients (75%) had PTC, and 6 (25%) had FTC. The median age at diagnosis was older than 45 years in 50%, and the median follow-up was 13 years. Good response to treatment (GRT: no evidence of disease or biochemical persistence without structural correlate) was observed in 46% of patients (all with diffuse postdose radioiodine uptake and no structural images higher than 1 cm in diameter); and 21% patients died from disseminated lung metastasis. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 100% and 88.4%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard ratio showed that extrathyroidal invasion, positive uptake of 18-FDG, and metachronous diagnosis of the lung metastasis were variables that significantly predicted death. Those patients who had a GRT did with a mean effective cumulative RAI dose of 457.3±29.7 mCi 131I (range, 300-600 mCi 131I).Lung metastasis showed a slow progression with a high long-term overall survival. The presence of synchronous lung metastasis, the absence of nodules larger than 1 cm, and the lack of uptake of FDG were predictive factors for an early response to treatment with RAI cumulative doses lower than 600 mCi 131I.
Early changes in left ventricular function in chronic asymptomatic alcoholics: relation to the duration of heavy drinking
Authors: Aleksandar M Lazarević, Satoshi Nakatani, Aleksandar N Nešković, Jelena Marinković, Yoshio Yasumura, Djordjo Stojičić, Kunio Miyatake, Milovan Bojić, Aleksandar D Popović
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
The Study of Left Ventricular Function in Man by Increasing Resistance to Ventricular Ejection with Angiotensin
Authors: JOHN ROSS, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The performance of the left ventricle was studied in 18 patients by determining the effects of increasing the resistance to left ventricular ejection with graded infusions of angiotensin. By this means, left ventricular function curves, i.e., the relationship between ventricular end-diastolic pressure and stroke work, were constructed. In patients without left ventricular disease the ventricular function curves exhibited steep ascending limbs, large increases in stroke work occurring with small elevations of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; in contrast, in patients with cardiac disease, the ventricular function curves were either flat, i.e., small changes in stroke work occurred with large elevations in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or the function curves exhibited descending limbs. Prior to the infusion of angiotensin many patients with and without depression of their left ventricular function curves had comparable values of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and stroke work. Thus, the angiotensin test may prove useful for detecting impairment of myocardial function and for expressing the severity of the impairment in a quantitative form.