tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia: A Comparison of Three Heparin Preparations
Authors: William R. Bell, Richard M. Royall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We performed a prospective, double-blind study of the incidence of thrombocytopenia in 149 patients randomly assigned to treatment with one of three heparin preparations--from bovine lung from intestinal-mucosa A, or from intestinal-mucosa O. Thrombocytopenia developed in 21 patients (platelets, < 100 x 10(9) per liter): 13 of the 50 receiving bovine lung heparin, four of 45 receiving intestinal-mucosa-A heparin, and four of 54 receiving intestinal-musoca-O heparin (P < 0.005). There was a significantly increased incidence of thrombocytopenia in the bovine-lung group (P < 0.002); estimated incidence rates after nine days of treatment were 24 per cent in this group and 7 per cent in the combined intestinal-mucosa A and O groups. Thrombocytopenia appeared in the bovine-lung group on days 3 to 16, in the intestinal-mucosa-A groups on Days 4 to 12, and in the intestinal-mucosa-O group on Days 3 to 7; it disappeared in all groups three to eight days after discontinuation of heparin. A total of 121 patients were subsequently given warfarin for four to six months, and thrombocytopenia was not observed.
FDA Disapproval Of an Anticonvulsant
Authors: George C. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As the result of one of your directives, at least three of my patients with convulsive disorders whose seizures have been well, or moderately-well controlled by Elipten (amino-glutethamide)<i>and no other anti-convulsant,</i>have had a sharp increase in the incidence and severity of their convulsions. These people are more than willing to risk undesirable side effects for the protection which this drug has given them. A considerable number of my other patients have been taking Elipten, without encountering difficulties. I will grant you that Elipten has caused difficulties for some persons, but there is not a single anticonvulsant medication which does not cause untoward side effects in a certain percentage of those taking them. One of the most commonly used, Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin), with some frequency produces changes such as hirsutism, or a pseudocushingoid syndrome, suggesting an endocrine-like activity. One would hardly consider discontinuing Dilantin because of this. I believe that,
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: EDWARD J. STIEGLITZ
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Curative therapy must be based on etiology. The etiology of arterial hypertension is complex; anything that irritates the arteriolar musculature or stimulates the sympathetic pressor fibers may represent the original cause of hypertensive vascular disease. These irritants are many;<sup>1</sup>endocrine disturbances, dietary irritants, infections, intoxications with metals or chemical irritants, anemia and predisposition to early fatigue of the vascular structures represent some of the known factors. These factors may be spoken of as "initiating factors." In addition, the arteriolar disease of hypertension tends to perpetuate itself even if the irritative factors are no longer operative.<sup>2</sup>The pathogenesis of hypertension may be best visualized from the diagram. The perpetuating factor is the vicious circle of vascular spasticity causing muscular fatigue, the fatigue leading to increasing arteriolar irritability, and in turn more spasticity and fatigue. Fatigue is amenable to rest; exhaustion, muscular degeneration and fibrosis are irreparable.<sup>1</sup>Clinical experience
Scientist is denied renewal of licence to carry out research on primates
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A change in the political make-up of a German state has resulted in a leading neuroscientist being denied the right to renew his licence to conduct research on primates.

Andreas Kreiter, professor of animal physiology at the University of Bremen, whose research includes the use of monkeys, was told in October that his licence would not be renewed. Since May 2007 the state of Bremen has been run by a coalition of the centre left Social Democratic party of Germany (SPD) and the Greens, who during the election campaign called for an end to the monkey research.

Professor Kreiter is preparing for a court battle to try to reverse the politicians’ decision. In preliminary legal wrangling, an administrative court in Bremen ruled that he could continue his research on 24 macaques, a …
Analgesic-Associated Urinary-Tract Tumors
Authors: KEITH R. BURNETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1979Analgesic-Associated Urinary-Tract TumorsKEITH R. BURNETT, M.D., J. BERNARD MILLER, M.D., EDWARD GREENBAUM, M.D.KEITH R. BURNETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. BERNARD MILLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD GREENBAUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-994_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial by Gonwa and associates in the March issue (1) is a very timely and concise summary of the current concepts of analgesic-associated urinary tract tumors (2). One additional and important point concerning this association is brought out in a recent case report of ours that is being prepared for publication.A 65-year-old white man presented with a long history of phenacetin abuse and difficulty in voiding. Microscopic hematuria and pyuria were found, and an infusion nephrotomographic study showed kidney changes consistent with interstitial nephropathy; no mass lesions were seen. Four months later the patient presented...References1. GONWABUCKALEWCORBETT TVW: Analgesic nephropathy and urinary-tract carcinoma (editorial). Ann Intern Med 90:432-433, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BENGTSSONANGERVALL UL: Malignancies of the urinary tract and their relationship to analgesic abuse. Kidney Int 13:107, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Long Beach, CA 90822 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1979Volume 90, Issue 6Page: 994-994KeywordsKidneysLesions Issue Published: 1 June 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevents accelerated atherosclerosis in uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice
Authors: Ognen Ivanovski, Dorota Szumilak, Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Nadya Ruellan, Olivier Phan, Bernard Lacour, Beatrice Descamps-Latscha, Tilman B. Dreeke, Ziad A. Massy
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Book: How the Idea of Profession Changed the Writing of Medical History
Authors: R Westcott
Journal: BMJ (1999)

John C Burnham Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine £32, pp 195 ISBN 0854840672 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> So, what is a profession? The modern French word is general, referring to the civil status of having an occupation, such as being an artisan or even unemployed. The German Beruf carries the idea of the Latin “vocation”—a calling to which one responds by professing. After finding no word in his language, a Japanese researcher declared that the term was parochial, only making sense in European history since late medieval times. Different then in time and place, the concept of the profession has evolved, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
MOISTURE IN THE AIR SPACES OF THE LUNGS AND OXYGEN THERAPY
Authors: C. F. HOOVER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

While on duty at a casualty clearing station in Planders in the summer of 1917, I observed several respiratory phenomena associated with foam in the air passages which conferred an entirely new significance on the presence of moisture in the bronchial tree. The patients who exhibited these symptoms were men who inhaled phosgen and chlorin. These patients had, essentially, a large amount of plasma poured into the air spaces of the lungs, which was not secondary to incompetence of the left ventricle. It was a severe primary edema of the lungs unassociated with myocardial incompetence. One of the things that impressed me was the disproportion between cyanosis and air hunger. The evidence of cyanosis was very much more pronounced than was air hunger in most of the patients. Another very striking experience was the manner in which patients were relieved of cyanosis by the inhalation of oxygen, and the fact
Osteopontin promoter polymorphisms at locus -443 significantly affect the metastasis and prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiong-Zhu Dong, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Yue Zhao, Hu-Liang Jia, Hai-Jun Zhou, Chun Dai, Hai-Jing Sun, Yi Qin, Wei-De Zhang, Ning Ren, Qing-Hai Ye, Lun-Xiu Qin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Osteopontin (OPN) plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. However, little is known about the impact of OPN polymorphisms on cancer progression. In this study, we first identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN promoter region by direct sequencing in 30 HCCs, and then evaluated the prognostic values of the selected ones in two large cohorts of 826 HCC patients. The identified SNPs were functionally analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays and their correlations with OPN levels were also evaluated. Only SNP at locus -443 and their related haplotypes (Ht2: -1748A/-616G/-443T/-155* [*indicates base deletion]; Ht3: -1748A/-616G/-443C/-155*) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). The patients with the -443TT/TC genotype or Ht2 had a shorter OS and TTR compared with those with -443CC genotype or Ht3. This was further confirmed in the validation cohort. Moreover, this correlation remained significant in patients with small HCCs (≤5 cm). Multivariate analyses indicated that the prognostic performance of the -443 genotypes (OS, P=0.031; TTR, P=0.005) and their related haplotypes (OS, P=0.002; TTR, P=0.001) was independent of other clinicopathological factors. The Ht2 and -443TT genotype could significantly increase the promoter transcriptional activity and expression level of OPN compared with the Ht3 or -443CC genotype, and lead to an obvious increase in both in vitro invasion and in vivo tumor growth and lung metastasis of HCC cells (P<0.05).The genetic variation at locus -443 of the OPN promoter plays important roles in the regulation of OPN expression and cancer progression of HCCs, which is a novel determinant and target for HCC metastasis and prognosis.
Alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated increase in the mass of phosphatidic acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol in ischemic rat heart
Authors: T Kurz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: 1,2-Diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are produced by phospholipase C and D activity and play a key role as second messengers in receptor-mediated signal transduction. So far, little is known about alterations of endogenous 1,2-DAG and PA production during myocardial ischemia. Methods: Rat isolated perfused hearts were subjected to global ischemia, total lipids were extracted, and separated by thin-layer chromatography. The mass of PA and 1,2-DAG were quantified using laserdensitometric analysis of visualized lipids. Results: Compared to normoxic control values (1,2- DAG 713±45 ng/mg protein, PA 171±11 ng/mg protein), the myocardial content of 1,2-DAG and PA was unaltered after 10 min of ischemia. Prolonged myocardial ischemia (20 min), however, which was accompanied by marked overflow of endogenous norepinephrine, significantly increased the mass of both second messengers (1,2-DAG 1062±100 ng/mg protein, PA 340±29 ng/mg protein). The increase in PA and 1,2-DAG in response to ischemia was abolished by inhibition of ischemia-induced norepinephrine release as well as by alpha1-adrenergic blockade but unaffected by β-adrenergic blockade. While inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase did not affect ischemia-induced increase in PA and 1,2-DAG, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity significantly suppressed ischemia-induced increase in 1,2-DAG but did not affect endogenous production of PA indicating phospholipase C-independent formation of PA and activation of both, phospholipase C and D, in the ischemic heart. Conclusions: Ischemia elicits an alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated increase in the mass of myocardial PA and 1,2-DAG. The increase in endogenous PA is suggested to be due to the activation of myocardial phospholipase D, whereas 1,2-DAG is formed predominantly by activation of phospholipase C in the ischemic heart.
Immune Recovery Vitritis in HIV Infection
Authors: James P. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1998)

ObjectiveTo describe a syndrome of posterior segment intraocular inflammation that causes visual loss in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis. This syndrome was associated with immune recovery mediated by combination antiretroviral treatment including protease inhibitors.DesignA case-control study at 2 university medical centers.ParticipantsOne hundred thirty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis were examined at 2 medical centers for 15 months. In addition, the medical records of 509 patients examined at 1 center for 11 years before the initiation of protease inhibitor therapy were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsFive patients with symptomatic vitritis and papillitis with cystoid macular edema or epiretinal membrane formation were documented. In each patient there was inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis that had not caused visual decrease before the onset of inflammation. All patients had elevated CD4+ T lymphocyte levels (median increase, 86 × 106/L [86 cells/mm3]) after combination treatment including protease inhibitors. Two patients with cystoid macular edema were treated with corticosteroids and had resolution of the cystoid macular edema and an increase in visual acuity without reactivation of the retinitis. Retrospective analysis failed to disclose similar patients with intraocular inflammation in the era before the introduction of protease inhibitors.ConclusionsThis newly described syndrome of posterior segment inflammation related to cytomegalovirus retinitis is a cause of visual morbidity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is associated with increased immune competence as a result of combined antiretroviral treatment with protease inhibitors and may be amenable to corticosteroid therapy without reactivation of retinitis.
DIAGNOSIS OF STRANGULATED HERNIA.
Authors: HENRY ROTH
Journal: JAMA (1900)

A strangulated hernia is an acute form of intestinal obstruction which exhibits, in addition to the usual symptoms, certain local signs. The results of the strangulation are a sudden and severe irritation of the abdominal plexus of sympathetic nerves, an interference with the return flow of blood, an obstruction to the fecal current and local injury. The irritation of the peritoneal and intestinal nerves causes reflex vasomotor changes which account for the extreme prostration, the rapid, feeble, low-tension pulse, the shallow respiration, the subnormal temperature, the cold and livid extremities, the cold sweats, the diminished amount of urine, and partly for the vomiting, constipation and pain. Interference with the venous current accounts for the local signs, which are tension, irreducibility, pain, tenderness, dulness on percussion and absence of impulse. Obstruction to the fecal current accounts for the constipation, vomiting, tympanites and the presence of indican in the urine. The severity
Lessons From the Third Reich: Ethics and Economics-Reply
Authors: Jeremiah A. Barondess
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —The comments from Dr Crawshaw properly call attention to the importance of economic forces in determining physician behavior, both individually and in the aggregate. The importance of such forces is not new, nor did it arise in Nazi Germany: in fact, the costs of caring for institutionalized children and adults in the United States were a lively topic of debate as early as the late 19th century. 1 The problem of cost was radicalized in the Third Reich, and provided much of the underpinning of the Nazi euthanasia program in the early 1930s.  That economic forces are driving much of the current wave of change in US health care is beyond dispute, but the analogy to Nazi Germany is, I believe, overdrawn. German medicine was subverted by a number of powerful forces, including, most importantly, its incorporation as an extension of state policy and the extensive propaganda campaign that denigrated
Editorial independence at the BMJ : Oversight committee may be crucial step forward…
Authors: David L Sackett
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—With reference to Smith's Editor's choice on editorial independence at the BMJ ,1 we have witnessed the gutting of the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA when their parent medical associations succumbed to their profound conflicts of interest. These associations' pursuit of revenue, coupled with their willingness to suppress papers that they or their advertisers didn't like, violated the editorial …
Diabetes in Primary Care: Prospective Associations between Depression, Nonadherence and Glycemic Control
Authors: Jörg Dirmaier, Birgit Watzke, Uwe Koch, Holger Schulz, Hendrik Lehnert, Lars Pieper, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2010)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Findings are inconsistent regarding the degree to which depression may exert a negative impact on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We therefore aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression, behavioral factors, and glycemic control. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In a prospective component of a nationally representative sample, 866 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≧18 years completed a standardized assessment including a laboratory screening, questionnaires, and diagnostic measures. Subsequent to baseline (t&amp;#8320;), patients were tracked over a period of 12 months (t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;). Depression was assessed according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Glycemic control was determined by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt;); a level of ≧7% was judged as unsatisfactory. Regression analyses were performed to analyze the prospective relationship between depression, medication adherence, diabetes-related health behavior, and HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Patients with depression at t&amp;#8320; revealed increased rates of medication nonadherence (adjusted OR: 2.67; CI: 1.38–5.15) at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;. Depression (adjusted regression coefficient: β = 0.96; p = 0.001) and subthreshold depression (β = 1.01; p &lt; 0.001) at t&amp;#8320; also predicted increased problems with diabetes-related health behavior at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;. Adjusted ORs for poor glycemic control (HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt; ≧7%) at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; were also increased for patients with baseline depression (2.01; CI: 1.10–3.69). However, problems with medication adherence as well as problems with diabetes-related health behavior at t&amp;#8320; did not predict poor glycemic control at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; In a prospective representative study of patients with type 2 diabetes, baseline depression predicted problems with medication adherence, problems with health-related behaviors, and unsatisfactory glycemic control at follow-up.
Some OBSERVATIONS on the COMPOSITION of HUMAN MILK
Authors: A. H. Carter, H. D. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1898)

VIk g99position of the obstetrician is in a very uncertain state of equilibrium, and that this condition of affairs calls for early readjustment.Whether the adoption of a law such as exists in America and France (and it has much to recommend it) 3hould be made is a matter for serious consideration.But *hatev'et mak be done, the law should emphasise In some very decided way a patientim legal right of privilege which she can only waive, except-and the law should make the excep- tions-in certain well-defined cases.It does so now in the notification of infectious diseases, it may in the future de so in the case of contagious diseases, and it ought to specify in other cases what the doctor must reveal.As things now are, the public generally think that pro-
On Building a Private Practice
Authors: Carl T. Korpi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

When I was finishing my residency, I took a practice elective, which entailed visiting several private practitioners' offices. It was a thoroughly enjoyable experience, because my "instructors" were not only enthusiastic about teaching patient care, they also divulged information about how to start up a practice. One had a different approach, and my experience in his office has left me at the crossroads. Before going into an examination room to see a patient one day, Dr X lifted the chart off the door slot and leafed through it. As he did so, his usual mirth diminished quickly and a scowl crossed his face. He shook his head in disappointment. "Here for a sore throat again," he muttered. We entered the room, where a young woman in her early 20s sat on the examination table. "Good afternoon, Doctor," she warmly greeted him. "I thought I asked you to forward the results
Mutations involved in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome implicate SAMHD1 as regulator of the innate immune response
Authors: Gillian I Rice, Jacquelyn Bond, Aruna Asipu, Rebecca L Brunette, Iain W Manfield, Ian M Carr, Jonathan C Fuller, Richard M Jackson, Teresa Lamb, Tracy A Briggs, Manir Ali, Hannah Gornall, Lydia R Couthard, Alec Aeby, Simon P Attard-Montalto, Enrico Bertini, Christine Bodemer, Knut Brockmann, Louise A Brueton, Peter C Corry, Isabelle Desguerre, Elisa Fazzi, Angels Garcia Cazorla, Blanca Gener, Ben C J Hamel, Arvid Heiberg, Matthew Hunter, Marjo S van der Knaap, Ram Kumar, Lieven Lagae, Pierre G Landrieu, Charles M Lourenco, Daphna Marom, Michael F McDermott, William van der Merwe, Simona Orcesi, Julie S Prendiville, Magnhild Rasmussen, Stavit A Shalev, Doriette M Soler, Marwan Shinawi, Ronen Spiegel, Tiong Y Tan, Adeline Vanderver, Emma L Wakeling, Evangeline Wassmer, Elizabeth Whittaker, Pierre Lebon, Daniel B Stetson, David T Bonthron, Yanick J Crow
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)