tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood leukaemia in the West Berkshire and Basingstoke and North Hampshire District Health Authorities in relation to nuclear establishments in the vicinity.
Authors: E Roman, V Beral, L Carpenter, A Watson, C Barton, H Ryder, D L Aston
Journal: BMJ (1987)

During the years 1972-85, 89 children aged 0-14 were registered with leukaemia in the West Berkshire and Basingstoke and North Hampshire District Health Authorities. Two nuclear establishments are located within the health authorities, and a third is situated nearby. Fifty of the 143 electoral wards in the two district health authorities lie wholly within, or have at least half their area lying within, a circle of radius 10 km around the establishments. In those 50 electoral wards 41 children aged 0-14 were registered with leukaemia, 28.6 registrations being expected on the basis of leukaemia registration rates in England and Wales (incidence ratio = 1.4, p less than 0.05). This excess was confined to children aged 0-4, among whom there were 29 registrations of leukaemia, 14.4 being expected (incidence ratio = 2.0, p less than 0.001). In the remaining 93 electoral wards there was a small and non-significant increase in the number of registrations of leukaemia at age 0-14 (48 observed, 40.8 expected; incidence ratio = 1.2). There was no obvious trend in the incidence of childhood leukaemia over the 14 years and the overall occurrence of the malignancy in the 143 electoral wards was consistent with a random distribution. In the surrounding Oxford and Wessex Regional Health Authorities the number of registrations of leukaemia at age 0-14 was virtually identical with that expected on the basis of registration rates in England and Wales (362 observed, 372.5 expected; incidence ratio = 1.0). These data indicate that in the two district health authorities studied there was an excess incidence of childhood leukaemia during 1972-85 in the vicinity of the nuclear establishments. In the West Berkshire and Basingstoke and North Hampshire District Health Authorities an average of 60,000 children aged 0-14 lived within a 10 km radius of a nuclear establishment each year. The normal expectation of leukaemia in these children was two cases a year, whereas the recorded incidence was three cases per year, representing one extra case of leukaemia each year among these 60,000 children.
Improved Outcome After Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Residual Myocardial Viability
Authors: Paul R. Pagley, George A. Beller, Denny D. Watson, Lawrence W. Gimple, Michael Ragosta
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although residual myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease and extensive regional asynergy is associated with improved ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery, the relationship between viability and clinical outcome after surgery is unclear. We hypothesized that patients with poor ventricular function and predominantly viable myocardium have a better outcome after bypass surgery compared with those with less viability. Methods and Results Seventy patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fractions &lt;40% who underwent preoperative quantitative 201 Tl scintigraphy before coronary bypass surgery were analyzed retrospectively. 201 Tl scintigrams were reviewed blindly, and each segment was assigned a score based on defect magnitude. Segmental viability scores were summed and divided by the number of segments visualized to determine a viability index. The viability index was significantly related to 3-year survival free of cardiac event (cardiac death or heart transplant) after bypass surgery ( P =.011) and was independent of age, ejection fraction, and number of diseased coronary vessels. Patients with greater viability (group 1; viability index &gt;0.67; n=33) were similar to patients with less viability (group 2; viability index ≤0.67; n=37) with respect to age, comorbidities, and extent of coronary artery disease. There were 6 cardiac deaths and no heart transplants in group 1 patients and 15 cardiac deaths and two transplants in group 2 patients. Survival free of cardiac death or transplantation was significantly better in group 1 patients on Kaplan-Meier analysis ( P =.018). Conclusions We conclude that resting 201 Tl scintigraphy may be useful in preoperative risk stratification for identification of patients more likely to benefit from surgical revascularization.
Identification of a Protein Fragment of Interleukin 2 Responsible for Vasopermeability
Authors: A. L. Epstein, M. M. Mizokami, J. Li, P. Hu, L. A. Khawli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Background: The cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) is involved in the activation of T cells and has been shown to play a central role in cancer immunotherapy. The full therapeutic potential of IL-2, however, has not been realized because of its dose-limiting systemic toxicity. We sought to identify a region of IL-2 that is responsible for the induction of vasopermeability (leaky tumor endothelium), a property associated with the toxicity of the molecule. Methods: Intact IL-2 or overlapping synthetic peptides of IL-2 that were chemically conjugated to tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (TNT-1 or Lym-1) were injected into groups of mice (n = 4) that had previously been xenotransplanted with human tumor cells (ME-180 cervical carcinoma and Raji lymphoma). Two hours later, mice received intravenous injections of radiolabeled tracer antibody, and 3 days later they were subjected to biodistribution analysis to measure the ability of each immunoconjugate to enhance tumor uptake of the tracer antibody (i.e., vasopermeability activity). The cytokine activity of the immunoconjugates was determined by assaying their ability to promote the proliferation of a mouse IL-2-dependent cell line. Results: Pretreatment of mice with an antibody/IL-2 immunoconjugate resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in radiolabeled tracer antibody uptake in the xenograft tumor as compared with uptake in mice injected with antibody alone. One synthetic fragment consisting of amino acids 22–58 contained 100% of the vasopermeability activity of IL-2 and was designated permeability-enhancing peptide (PEP). PEP had vasopermeability activity only when conjugated to a tumor-targeting antibody, had maximal activity as a dimer, and was devoid of cytokine activity. Conclusions: The identification of PEP should aid in the discovery of ways to decrease the toxicity of IL-2. Moreover, PEP is a promising candidate for the generation of agents that can enhance the delivery of antibodies and drugs to tumors.
A phase 2 multicenter study of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Todd A. Fehniger, Sarah Larson, Kathryn Trinkaus, Marilyn J. Siegel, Amanda F. Cashen, Kristie A. Blum, Timothy S. Fenske, David D. Hurd, Andre Goy, Stephanie E. Schneider, Catherine R. Keppel, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Kenneth R. Carson, Nancy L. Bartlett
Journal: Blood (2011)
Therapy for Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: WILLIAM R. BOWIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

We treated 289 men who had nongonococcal urethritis with minocycline, 100 mg once or twice daily for 7 or 21 days. After 21 ± 7 days, urethritis persisted or recurred in 31 (27%) of 114 given 7-day therapy and only nine (8%) of 110 given 21-day therapy (p = 0.0005). However, by 49 ± 14 days, the cumulative percent rate of failure was 31% for 7-day and 30% for 21-day therapy. Thus, 21-day therapy only delayed recurrence. The higher daily dosage did not improve outcome. Urethritis persisted or recurred in 19% of men with initial Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Among men without C. trachomatis, urethritis persisted or recurred in 32% with and 52% without Ureaplasma urealyticum infection (p = 0.03). At follow-up, 79% of cases of persistent or recurrent urethritis were culture negative for C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum. The cause of C. trachomatis-negative, U. urealyticum-negative nongonococcal urethritis, which was least responsive to minocycline therapy, remains uncertain.
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE ETHMOIDITIS.
Authors: L. S. SOMERS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Both acute and chronic inflammation of the ethmoid cells occur in a much larger proportion of cases than is generally supposed, and from the intimate relation of these sinuses with the cranial cavity and accessory nasal chambers irreparable damage may result in a comparatively short time from the onset of the affection. Either the anterior or posterior ethmoid cells may be the seat of a suppurating process, alone or in conjunction with the maxillary antrum, frontal sinus or sphenoidal cells and the morbid changes may be acute or chronic, the affection commencing as a simple congestion of the mucous lining and disappearing in a short time, or pus may form, with serious results to the bony tissue and adjacent parts. The posterior group of cells with which we are concerned in this paper are not affected as frequently as those situated anteriorly, and therefore have not been studied to the
Intoxication of a Hospitalized Patient with an Isopropanol-Based Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Ashkan Emadi, LeAnn Coberly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: A 43-year-old man with alcoholism was admitted to the hospital with chest pain, for which the workup was unremarkable. At discharge, the patient became acutely hypotensive and delirious. He was afebrile, oxygenating well, and had a nonfocal neurologic examination. Intravenous fluids and vasopressors were administered. The results of routine laboratory tests were normal, as were the results of arterial blood gas and serum ethanol measurements, toxicology screening, blood and urine cultures, and computed tomography of the head. Urinalysis showed a trace of acetone. The following day, the patient was hemodynamically stable, but his mental status did not . . .
Breast cancer detection guidelines for women aged 40 to 49 years: rationale for the American Cancer Society reaffirmation of recommendations. American Cancer Society
Authors: C. Mettlin, C. R. Smart
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

Over the past year, the National Cancer Institute has altered its guidelines for early breast cancer screening by omitting any recommendation for mammography and clinical breast examination for women aged 40 to 49 years, while the American Cancer Society has reaffirmed its recommendation for these screening procedures in this age group. This article reviews the process and some of the evidence the American Cancer Society has relied upon in reaffirming its recommended guidelines for early breast cancer detection.
Competing Practice Guidelines: Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis To Make Optimal Decisions
Authors: A V Granata, A L Hillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

In this paper, cost and effectiveness data for six clinical interventions are applied simultaneously to a hypothetical population of 100 000 patients to show how selecting guidelines to maximize overall population benefit compares with selecting the best guidelines for individual patients.By entering effectiveness (added survival) and cost information from recent prevention, screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic guidelines into a computer-based optimization model, the options that maximized overall population effectiveness while keeping additional cost within varying specified constraints were identified. In 57% of selection opportunities, the clusters of guidelines that yielded maximum population benefit differed from those that maximized benefit for individual patients.Some choices were more stable than others over ranges of cost constraints. Clinical practice guidelines chosen to maximize cost-effectiveness for individual patients often do not maximize cost-effectiveness for populations of patients. To allocate resources as efficiently as possible, decision makers should consider other sources of information in addition to the recommendations of specific practice guidelines. "Robust" guidelines that simultaneously address both individual and societal health benefit should be sought.
Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Material for <i>In vivo</i> Mapping of Tissue Transglutaminase Activity
Authors: Galit Mazooz, Tevie Mehlman, Thung-Shen Lai, Charles S. Greenberg, Mark W. Dewhirst, Michal Neeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that play an important role in tissue remodeling by catalyzing covalent cross-links between proteins of the extracellular matrix. Elevated activity of transglutaminase was shown at the boundaries of invading tumors, in association with angiogenesis, in stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, and in generation of blood clots. The aim of this work was to develop a low molecular weight substrate of transglutaminase that could serve for noninvasive magnetic resonance and optical mapping of transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking activity. A 2 kDa contrast material was generated which showed cross-linking by either tissue transglutaminase or factor XIII in the context of multicellular tumor spheroids or fibrin clots, respectively. Successful detection by nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy of transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking of the contrast material to MCF7 multicellular spheroids provides hope that this approach could potentially be developed for clinical demarcation of sites of transglutaminase activity.
Doppler Ultrasound Recognition of Preclinical Changes in Arterial Wall in Diabetic Subjects: Compliance and Pulse-Wave Damping
Authors: C S Lo, I R N Relf, K A Myers, M L Wahlqvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Doppler ultrasound was used to detect early changes in arteries of the legs by two independent techniques. Pulse-wave velocity was measured to calculate arterial wall compliance and Fourier analysis was used to measure damping of the pulse-wave forms. Ten non-insulin-dependent diabetic men with no clinical evidence of peripheral arterial disease had significantly lower compliance and greater pulse-wave damping than 10 matched nondiabetic control subjects. There was a good correlation between the results for the two different techniques.
Temporo-Sphenoidal Abscess
Authors: J. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1922)

tDrC JoUA now obvious that this was a condition analogous to acute inflam- mation of a Meckel's diverticulum, which had nerforated -soon after the commencement of her illness but which-had fortunately been successfully dealt with by the omentum.The sweUling was clamped at its pedicle and the diverticulum with katches of adherent omentum excised; The wall of the gut was closed in the ordinary way.It was now found that the lumen of the gut at the site where the diverticulum had been excised was constricted and it was considered essential to make a lateral anastomosis.In seeking the ileo-caecal junction the ileum was traced backwards and the origin of the diverticulum from the jejunum about nine inches below the duodeno-jejunal junction established.A lateral anastomosis was now done between the short ioop of jejunum above the.site of the diverticulum and a loop below.The areas of intestinal suture were covered with free edges of omentum.The pelvic organs, appendix, and other viscera were normal.The abdomen was closed in layers without drainage.The diverticulum excised was about the size of a Tangerine orange.The long axis of the lumen of its pedicle was about one inch in length.At its fundus there was q gangrenous area, through which very fetid pus could be expressed.To the naked eye the wall of the sac seemed to be of the same structure as the wall of noirmal small intestine.The periodic attacks of colicky Lbdominal pain may quite conceivably bave been due to periodic emptying of the contents of the diverticulum into the lumen of the jejunum..At the time of operation, before opening the abdomqn, it was noted that the " tumour" vwas at a slightly higher level than at the time when I first, saw the patient, due, in all probability, to, shottening of the omentum in its defensive process.Except for some vomiting of coffee-ground material during the first twenty-four hours after operation, the patient made a good recovery.
Atorvastatin may cause nightmares
Authors: Peter J H Smak Gregoor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Atorvastatin (Lipitor; Pfizer, Walton-on-the-Hill) is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in many patients worldwide. This case report relates atorvastatin to the occurrence of nightmares. A 72 year old woman
Eliminating the “concept” concept
Authors: Stevan Harnad
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Machery suggests that the concept of “concept” is too heterogeneous to serve as a “natural kind” for scientific explanation, so cognitive science should do without concepts. I second the suggestion and propose substituting, in place of concepts, inborn and acquired sensorimotor category-detectors and category-names combined into propositions that define and describe further categories.
Management of the Frail Elderly by the Health Care Team
Authors: Maggie Hadro-Venzke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This text is a welcome addition to the geriatric health care literature. Previous classic texts of medicine and geriatrics provide enlightening discussions of the aging process and aging pathology but give little reference to realistic health management of elderly persons. The authors of this book focus their attention on a holistic view of the frail aged person and suggest appropriate management strategies utilizing an interdisciplinary team approach. The reader is directed toward understanding the complexities of aging and the need for the collaborative effort of multiple health disciplines to provide quality geriatric health care.  The book is divided into three major sections. The first provides an overview of aging in America. Topics include societal views of aging, demographic statistics, normal physiological changes of aging, and health promotion strategies. Most noteworthy is a discussion on health promotion and prevention of disease. A definition of preventive health in the elderly is the
Acid-Base Abnormalities in Cirrhosis.
Authors: R. O. Mulhausen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Acid-Base Abnormalities in Cirrhosis.R. O. Mulhausen, M.D., A. Eichenholz, M.D.R. O. Mulhausen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Eichenholz, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-814_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWith the exception of respiratory alkalosis, which has been extensively investigated, acid-base changes in patients with cirrhosis, with and without hepatic coma, have received little attention. This study reveals three patterns of acid-base disturbances. (1) Mixed metabolic-respiratory alkalosis was often associated with hypokalemia that occurred spontaneously or as a consequence of thiazide therapy. Potassium administration resulted in a correction of the plasma bicarbonate concentration. (2) Respiratory alkalosis was observed in various stages of compensation. Lactic and pyruvic acids accounted for most of the bicarbonate deficit necessary for partial or complete compensation of the alkalosis. (3) Metabolic acidosis of varying severity... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. O. Mulhausen, M.D.; A. Eichenholz, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 814-814KeywordsAcidosisAcidsAttentionBicarbonatesBlood plasmaCirrhosisComaPotassium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
What rough beast?
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

I began this column in the BMJ almost four years ago; shortly after that, though it was almost certainly a coincidence, the IRA declared a ceasefire, and now another unthinkable and previously unbelievable advance is also imminent.



As I write this it is 3 o'clock in the morning, and my friends and I are sitting by the radio, sharing a few beers and waiting for news of a successful conclusion to the peace talks, something apparently impossible, contradictory; a compromise between two aspirations which had almost seemed defined by their mutual enmity. But now at last, and beyond all hope, it is …
Accelerated Nephrosclerosis and Postpartum Acute Renal Failure in Normotensive Patients
Authors: RICHARD D. WAGONER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The cases of three patients in whom acute renal failure developed insidiously during the postpartum period are reported. Each patient was normotensive and historically exhibited no prior evidence of renal disease. The histologic findings most closely resembled those of accelerated nephrosclerosis or of progressive systemic sclerosis. These cases emphasize the need for earlier recognition and encourage further investigation of this poorly understood syndrome.
Withdrawal of co-proxamol: Drug was useful in gastroenterology as well as rheumatology…
Authors: Peter J Whorwell
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation New on-call rotas do not workEditor-Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors' shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 1 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side.Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what I think makes a liveable on-call rota.I was under the impression that the European Working Time Directive was set out to improve the health and safety of workers, make working conditions better, but also make life away from work better because doctors would be less tired.The directive scores a "no" against all of these.I find myself more tired at work and at home, less enthusiastic, and less motivated by what is becoming a regular chore.Instead of being on call once a week, I find myself doing an on-call shift two or three times a week (on average), being late home more often than not because fewer juniors are around, and spending less time with my young children.The "old" rota system of a 24 hour oncall, with at least six on a rota, made on-call shifts less frequent, more tolerable, and even enjoyable.It also left plenty of time for training, and so long as there were six or more on rota, it made the annual leave far more flexible and workable.Anaesthetists rarely complained, certainly compared with other specialties' rotas, and everyone knew that however busy, you were always going to go home to a full day off in the morning.Why not listen to those doing the rota, and affected family members, and respect within reason what the workers want to work.
Life-threatening bacteraemia in HIV-1 seropositive adults admitted to hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: C.F. Gilks, R.J. Brindle, R.S. Newnham, W.M. Watkins, P.G. Waiyaki, J.B.O. Were, L.S. Otieno, P.M. Simani, S.M. Bhatt, G.N. Lule, G.B.A. Okelo, R.J. Brindle, R.S. Newnham, C.F. Gilks, D.A. Warrell
Journal: The Lancet (1990)