tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Substitute for gauze swabs during surgery: preliminary report.
Authors: I. G. Schraibman
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Dr. EVANS: I think the polycythaemia there is not polycythaemia rubra vera, is it ?Dr. LEWIS: As far as I am concerned it really is rather meaningless, but the name has been applied to this combina- tion.A group of these patients studied at Johns Hopkins were found to have so-called "stress" polycythaemia or relative polycythaemia related to a shrinkage of plasma volume.But, in fact, approximately 30%0 of patients with polycythaemia do have hypertension.
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis and Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus: Report of a Case with Recovery
Authors: Thomas J Marr, Howard S Traisman, A Todd Davis, Desmond Kernahan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly fatal fungal disease. Presentation and natural course are characterized by headache, facial and eye pain, maxillary sinus swelling, and bloody mucoid discharge with progression to bony destruction. A 15-year-old girl with juvenile diabetes who presented with cavernous sinus thrombosis is described, and the medical and surgical management is detailed.
Clinical, Surgical, and Pathologic Correlation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Pump Failure
Authors: HOOSHANG BOLOOKI, LOUIS LEMBERG, ALI GHAHRAMANI, CHRIS ECONOMIDES, THOMAS CALDWELL, JAMES R. JUDE, Kathleen Boccabella
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A review was made of the entire hospital course of 20 patients aged 44 to 79 years who suddenly developed clinically intractable left-heart pump failure as a result of acute myocardial infarction. They were divided into three groups according to their presenting circulatory state. Thirteen patients were in cardiac arrest (group I), four had cardiogenic shock due to myocardial rupture (group II), and three had severe intractable left-heart failure (group III). Preoperative partial or complete cardiac catheterization was possible in six patients. Surgical treatment using cardiopulmonary bypass was selectively undertaken as a mode of therapy in 11 of the 20 cases. In 10, the area of infarction was delineated and was resected. Pathologically, the infarcts were from 1 to 14 days old, and in 19 of 20 cases involved the anterior wall. The specimens weighed 25 to 83 g. One patient, who was discharged, had infarctectomy and double coronary vein bypass graft. One patient lived for 3 weeks after infarctectomy and pulmonary embolectomy. Two others survived after surgery for 2 and 36 hours, respectively. The results of this prospective study suggest that identification of patients possibly amenable to successful treatment of medically irreversible pump failure by surgical means will require earlier recognition of the high-risk group and intensive hemodynamic and radiographic evaluation of the extent of the disease process.
Case 15-1965
Authors: John M. Tyler, F. Daniel Foley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseAn eighty-three-year-old retired foundry worker was admitted to the hospital because of a chronic cough.Eleven years previously a transurethral resection of the prostate gland was performed because of benign prostatic hypertrophy; bilateral ureteral reflux and hydronephrosis necessitated an ileal-loop urinary diversion five years thereafter. Three years later the patient returned to the hospital because of diarrhea and pulmonary "congestion," for which digitalis had been prescribed. X-ray films of the chest (Fig. 1) revealed poorly defined, patchy infiltrates in the left lower lobe and minimal fibrotic changes in the right lung and the middle zone of the . . .
Unsuspected Skeletal Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Disease on FDG Positron Emission Tomography and Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: VINICIUS LUDWIG, SARINA FORDICE, RUTH LAMAR, WILLIAM H. MARTIN, DOMINIQUE DELBEKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Sarcoidosis is a disease process of unknown cause that exhibits heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Although the mediastinum and lungs are most commonly involved, the granulomatous process may also affect the skeleton, skin, eyes, kidneys, spleen, and liver. A 51-year-old woman with low back pain and no history of cancer was found to have a suspicious lesion at L4 on magnetic resonance imaging. Findings of bone scintigraphy were consistent with multiple metastases, and computed tomography of the chest identified two small indeterminate pulmonary nodules. Similarly, findings of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were consistent with widespread skeletal metastases, but a primary tumor was not identified. Biopsy of a left femur lesion was diagnostic of active sarcoidosis with no evidence of cancer.
Does This Woman Have an Acute Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection?
Authors: Stephen Bent
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Symptoms suggestive of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) constitute one of the most common reasons for women to visit clinicians. Although the clinical encounter typically involves taking a history and performing a physical examination, the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical assessment for UTI remains uncertain.To review the accuracy and precision of history taking and physical examination for the diagnosis of UTI in women.We conducted a MEDLINE search for articles published from 1966 through September 2001 and manually reviewed bibliographies, 3 commonly used clinical skills textbooks, and contacted experts in the field.Studies were included if they contained original data on the accuracy or precision of history or physical examination for diagnosing acute uncomplicated UTI in women. One author initially screened titles and abstracts found by our search. Nine of 464 identified studies met inclusion criteria.Two authors independently abstracted data from the included studies. Disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus with a third author.Four symptoms and 1 sign significantly increased the probability of UTI: dysuria (summary positive likelihood ratio [LR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.0), frequency (LR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0), hematuria (LR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9), back pain (LR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1), and costovertebral angle tenderness (LR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5). Four symptoms and 1 sign significantly decreased the probability of UTI: absence of dysuria (summary negative LR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7), absence of back pain (LR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9), history of vaginal discharge (LR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9), history of vaginal irritation (LR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9), and vaginal discharge on examination (LR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). Of all individual diagnostic signs and symptoms, the 2 most powerful were history of vaginal discharge and history of vaginal irritation, which significantly decreased the likelihood of UTI when present (LRs, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively). One study examined combinations of symptoms, and the resulting LRs were more powerful (24.6 for the combination of dysuria and frequency but no vaginal discharge or irritation). One study of patients with recurrent UTI found that self-diagnosis significantly increased the probability of UTI (LR, 4.0).In women who present with 1 or more symptoms of UTI, the probability of infection is approximately 50%. Specific combinations of symptoms (eg, dysuria and frequency without vaginal discharge or irritation) raise the probability of UTI to more than 90%, effectively ruling in the diagnosis based on history alone. In contrast, history taking, physical examination, and dipstick urinalysis are not able to reliably lower the posttest probability of disease to a level where a UTI can be ruled out when a patient presents with 1 or more symptoms.
RUPTURE OF THE URINARY BLADDER, WITH REPORT OF A CASE OF EXTRA-PERITONEAL RUPTURE COMPLICATED WITH FRACTURE OF THE PELVIS.
Authors: A. MacLAREN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Rupture of the urinary bladder always had been and is still a very serious accident. Walter Rivington, Surgeon to the London Hospital, after a careful study of the literature up to 1885, finds the records of 322 cases, with 40 recoveries. In this list there are eight recorded recoveries after intra-peritoneal rupture, six of which Dr. Rivington rejects as unauthentic. James F. Mitchell of Baltimore, in the<i>Annals of Surgery</i>, February 1898, reports ninety cases of extra-peritoneal rupture of the bladder, complicated with fracture of the pelvis, with a mortality of 83 per cent. There are several apparent reasons for the very great mortality following this accident; 1, because any injury, which is severe enough to produce extra-peritoneal rupture of the bladder, usually fractures the pelvis. This traumatism is often associated with extensive hemorrhage, and also with shock, which, of itself, has at times been enough to cause death in
Examination and Diagnosis of the Spine and Extremities
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A manual of orthopedic examination is a worthwhile addition to any physician's library. Although most examinations and investigations of bone disease are delegated to the rheumatologist and orthopedic surgeon, other members of the medical family would do well to take note of several of the points included in this system of physical examination. "Orthopedics today comprises the diagnosis and treatment of deformities, diseases, and disabilities of the arms, legs and back, the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, bursae, and fasciae." The book falls into 2 major portions. The first is concerned with the full workup of the patient from an orthopedic viewpoint, including the history, physical examination, laboratory tests, areas to be x-rayed, and differential diagnosis. Of particular usefulness, will be the tables of differential diagnosis and of joint motions, muscle attachments, function, and innervation. The second part contains an outstanding collection of well reproduced
Philadelphia General Hospital
Authors: Albert J. Finestone
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Letter by Goldberg<sup>1</sup>that was recently published as a response to the MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES<sup>2</sup>feature on the demise of Philadelphia General Hospital requires a response. He is correct in pointing out that the closing of the hospital has not had any adverse effects on the health of Philadelphia's substantial poor population. His comment that "public hospitals are simply not necessary for the care of the poor although they may be politically necessary for the jobs of the bureaucrats" and other statements about public hospitals were fortunately balanced by the Letter from Kirsh,<sup>3</sup>published in the same issue. It seems to me that both authors miss the key issue, namely, who is to pay for the care of the poor. Public hospitals care for the poor in some areas; in others, academic health centers do. Academic health centers constitute only 6% of
The Effect of Penicillin Prophylaxis on Streptococcal Disease Rates and the Carrier State
Authors: Lewis W. Wannamaker, Floyd W. Denny, William D. Perry, Charles H. Rammelkamp, George C. Eckhardt, Harold B. Houser, Edward O. Hahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

CRITICAL situations arise in the armed forces during periods of mobilization when the incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis reaches such levels as to interfere seriously with military training and operations. Complete information about the most feasible method for preventing or terminating these epidemics is lacking. This report presents the findings of several field trials conducted at an Air Force base for the purpose of evaluating penicillin as an agent for prophylaxis of epidemic streptococcal disease. The observations are divided into two parts: pilot studies comparing the effects of several regimens of penicillin on the carrier state in small selected . . .
Low incidence of reactive arthritis in children following a salmonella outbreak
Authors: M Rudwaleit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

To assess the incidence of reactive arthritis (ReA) in an outbreak of salmonella infection in a large cohort of children in Germany.A few days after the salmonella outbreak all parents of affected children and all paediatricians and general practitioners in the region were provided with detailed information about the possibility of ReA. Six weeks after the outbreak a telephone call was made to all general practitioners and paediatricians to identify patients with ReA. Ten weeks after the outbreak a questionnaire assessing symptoms of ReA was mailed to all parents, and after a period of 4 months paediatricians and general practitioners were contacted again to search for additional unreported cases of ReA.Of the 286 children (age range 11 months to 9 years) with diarrhoea and stool cultures positive for Salmonella enteritidis lysotype 8/7, not a single case of arthritis was reported over the 4 month period. However, six children (2%) had arthralgia of various duration (1 day to 6 weeks) with a single recurrence in one child. The joint pattern was oligoarticular and lower limb joints (knee/ankle) were affected exclusively.The incidence of ReA after salmonella infection in children appears to be very low which may be related to differences in the immune response between children and adults.
The influence of ouabain and alpha angelica lactone on calcium metabolism of dog cardiac microsomes
Authors: Mark L. Entman, Joseph W. Cook, Rubin Bressler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The influence of ouabain and alpha angelica lactone on (45)calcium accumulation in cardiac microsomes was studied. Calcium binding (accumulation in the absence of excess oxalate or phosphate) was augmented by both ouabain and alpha angelica lactone in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but unaffected in its absence. Calcium turnover (defined as the change in (45)Ca(++) bound to the microsomes after the specific activity is changed) was studied to determine if the augmented bound pool was freely exchangeable at equilibrium. Ouabain and alpha angelica lactone augmented calcium turnover in both the presence and absence of ATP. Calcium-stimulated ATPase was increased by both agents.It is proposed that these two unsaturated lactones, with known cardiotonic activity, may exert their effects by providing an increased contraction-dependent calcium pool to be released upon systolic depolarization.
The CD28-Related Molecule ICOS Is Required for Effective T Cell–Dependent Immune Responses
Authors: Anthony J Coyle, Sophie Lehar, Clare Lloyd, Jane Tian, Tracy Delaney, Stephen Manning, Trang Nguyen, Tim Burwell, Helga Schneider, Jose Angel Gonzalo, Michael Gosselin, Laura Rudolph Owen, Christopher E Rudd, Jose Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Atrioventricular block complicating amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in a patient with pre-excitation and rate-dependent bilateral bundle branch block
Authors: Lucia Mangiardi, Fiorenzo Gaita, Susanna Brun, Patrizia Presbitero, Koonlawee Nademanee, Bramah N. Singh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
The Tourniquet Test and Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Robert Williams
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The established success of treatment for diabetic eye disease makes accurate screening imperative. Screening by physicians performing ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils fails to detect half of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.<sup>1</sup>It is, therefore, desirable that a simple screening test be available, preferably one that can be performed by nonspecialist personnel. The tourniquet test<sup>2</sup>for detection of capillary fragility has been proposed<sup>3</sup>as such a screening test with a high specificity and sensitivity. We assessed this proposal. <h3>Methods.—</h3> Fifty patients requiring photocoagulation for diabetic maculopathy or proliferative retinopathy, 20 diabetic persons without ophthalmoscopically detectable retinopathy as determined by an ophthalmologist (using both direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils), and 20 patients without diabetes who had a variety of ocular conditions but no known systemic disorders were assessed. After they had given their informed consent, the patients underwent a tourniquet test. A blood pressure cuff was placed
Spread of the "Mitral" Sound over the Chest
Authors: P. M. SHAH, D. M. MACCANON, A. A. LUISADA
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Five subjects with prosthetic Starr-Edwards valve replacement of the mitral valve were studied in order to delineate the transmission characteristics of the sounds produced by this valve. In sharp contrast to the first (so-called "mitral") component of the first sound, this sound, arising at the mitral ring, arrived earlier on the surface of the chest in the third and fourth left interspaces near the sternal edge as compared to the apex. This was well correlated to the location of the prosthetic valve as seen from roentgenogram of the chest. It is concluded that the transmission of sound from the prosthetic mitral valve is mainly in the form of transverse vibrations. Different transmission characteristics of this sound, as compared to the first component of the first heart sound, indicate a different source for the two sounds.
Leukemia risk models in primary myelofibrosis: an International Working Group study
Authors: A Tefferi, A Pardanani, N Gangat, K H Begna, C A Hanson, D L Van Dyke, D Caramazza, A M Vannucchi, E Morra, M Cazzola, A Pereira, F Cervantes, F Passamonti
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Albuminuria and 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Normoalbuminuric and Microalbuminuric NIDDM Patients. A longitudinal study
Authors: Søren Nielsen, Anita Schmitz, Per L Poulsen, Klavs W Hansen, Carl E Mogensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term relationships between 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate, and metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with normo- and microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 23 NIDDM patients (11 with normoalbuminuria and 12 with microalbuminuria) receiving standard clinical care, including antihypertensive treatment, attending the outpatient clinic and 8 healthy control subjects. Twenty-four-hour AMBP and UAE were measured synchronously in addition to fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and serum creatinine at baseline and after 4.6 (4.2−5.1) years [mean (range)]. RESULTS Baseline systolic, but not diastolic, 24-h AMBP was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with control subjects (146/80 [16/11] vs. 133/78 [9/9] mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.05), but was similar in normoalbuminuric (143/81 [11/11] mmHg) and microalbuminuric (148/80 [20/10] mmHg) patients during strict blood pressure control. The annual increase in 24-h AMBP was equivalent in diabetic patients (0.6/−0.2 [2.6/1.5] mmHg/year) and control subjects (0.7/0.2 [1.2/1.4] mmHg/year, NS) and not significantly different from zero. Overall UAE did not change in control subjects (5.6 [1.6] vs. 4.4 [1.9]) (geometric mean [antilog SD]) or in the normoalbuminuric (8.7 [1.7] vs. 11.3 [3.0] ¼g/min) and microalbuminuric (35.7 [2.1] vs. 34.5 [3.2] μg/min) patients. In diabetic patients, the annual change in UAE correlated significantly with the annual change in the systolic (r = 0.61, P &amp;lt; 0.002) and diastolic (r = 0.54, P &amp;lt; 0.008) 24-h AMBP. In microalbuminuric patients, only the annual increase in systolic 24-h AMBP correlated significantly with the annual change in UAE (r = 0.71, P = 0.010), whereas in the normoalbuminuric patients, only the annual increase in diastolic 24-h AMBP and the annual change in UAE were significantly correlated (r = 0.66, P = 0.026). In a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the annual progression in albuminuria in NIDDM patients was significantly determined by increases in systolic (parameter estimate 0.018, SE 0.006, P &amp;lt; 0.008) as well as in diastolic 24-h AMBP (parameter estimate 0.026, SE 0.011, P &amp;lt; 0.033). CONCLUSIONS In an outpatient clinical setting, 24-h AMBP is similar in NIDDM patients with normo- and microalbuminuria. Alterations in both 24-h AMBP and UAE are on average moderate and equivalent compared with those in healthy control subjects. Although the average change in albuminuria is small, a progression in albuminuria relates to increments in both systolic and diastolic 24-h AMBP.
Abstract 2602: CHEK2 contribution to hereditary breast cancer in non-BRCA famillies
Authors: Alexis Desrichard, Nancy Uhrhammer, Yannick Bidet, Yves-Jean Bignon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are responsible for only a part of hereditary breast cancer (HBC). The origins of “non BRCA” HBC families may be attributed in part to mutations in genes giving moderate risk, such as CHEK2. We investigated the contribution of CHEK2mutations to non-BRCA HBC by direct sequencing of its entire coding sequence. Fifteen mutations were discovered among 507 non-BRCAHBC cases and four among 513 controls. The frequency of CHEK2variants was significantly higher among cases (p= 0.0076), and gave an OR for breast cancer of 4.72 for deleterious mutation carriers. We then used both in silico tools and in vitro kinase activity to evaluate recombinant mutant proteins. Tumor characteristics and tumor grade of paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 8 CHEK2 mutated patients were evaluated by histology. To further characterize those tumors, breast cancer immunohistochemical markers such as hormone receptors, HER2 and P53 were assessed. Because the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in association with CHEK2 variants are still unclear, we performed genetic and epigenetic analysis of those tumors. Three relevant SNPs spanning the CHEK2 gene locus were used to determine loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Also, the proximal CpG islands of the CHEK2 gene were investigated for hypermethylation. Our results suggest a contribution of CHEK2 mutations to non-BRCA HBC, though the usefulness of moderate penetrance genes for genetic counseling remains controversial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2602. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2602
Cost-effectiveness of Nicotine Gum as an Adjunct to Physician's Advice Against Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Gerry Oster
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A nicotine chewing gum has recently become available for use as an aid in giving up cigarette smoking. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinic-based smoking cessation programs, its value in a primary care setting is uncertain. We examined the cost-effectiveness of nicotine gum as an adjunct to physician's advice and counseling against smoking during routine office visits. Our findings indicate that the cost per year of life saved with this intervention ranges from $4113 to $6465 for men and from $6880 to $9473 for women, depending on age. This compares favorably with other widely accepted medical practices, eg, treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Our study, therefore, suggests that nicotine gum is a cost-effective adjunct to physician's advice against cigarette smoking in a primary care setting.