tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal and morning asthma. Relationship to plasma corticosteroids and response to cortisol infusion.
Authors: C A Soutar, J Costello, O Ijaduola, M Turner-Warwick
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Nocturnal and early morning breathlessness is a common and important symptom in asthmatic patients. Six patients in whom these symptoms were a major clinical problem have been studied by serial measurements of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and plasma corticosteroids over two 24-hour periods. Although PEFR and plasma corticosteroids are lowest during the night or early morning, preventing the nocturnal fall in plasma corticosteroids by cortisol infusion did not prevent the fall in PEFR in five out of the six patients. The circadian rhythm of corticosteroid secretion does not appear to be the main cause of nocturnal and early morning asthma.
Pigmented lesions in newborn infants
Authors: ROBERT G. WALTON, ALVIN H. JACOBS, ALVIN J. COX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

1058 newborn infants were examined. Forty‐one (39%) had clinically discernible pigmented lesions compatible with melanocy tic naevi. Biopsy was performed on thirty‐four of the forty‐one and of these; eleven, representing 1.01% of the infants, proved to be melanocytic naevi. No giant (garment) naevi were seen in this series. Two of the eleven naevi pathologically examined showed histological changes similar to those that have been reported in some giant naevi, but the remaining nine were not only different from criteria usually assigned to giant naevi, but they also differed from the usual adult naevi, in that most were predominantly junctional. None of the melanocytic naevi in this series showed any suggestion of malignant change. In newborn infants it is often impossible clinically to distinguish naevi from other types of pigmented lesions, as only eleven out of the thirty‐four pigmen‐ted lesions were melanocytic naevi. Seven of the eleven melanocytic naevi were under 1.5 cm in diameter. No pigmented lesions were found on the palms, soles or genitalia.
The Lancet: Aet. CL Gaudeamus Igitur
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Anyone who opens Garrison's An Introduction to the History of Medicine1 in the hope of looking up Thomas Wakley will find that he is not accorded a single line of regular text. Wakley the surgeon, to be sure, is not known for heroic operative feats, but Wakley the reformer, the innovator, the fighter, the politician, the socially conscious physician, the educator and, above all, the editor, has had a far greater effect over the last 150 years of medicine than someone who, because he first described a physical sign or devised a new kind of forceps, receives half a page . . .
Endothelial C-type natriuretic peptide maintains vascular homeostasis
Authors: Amie J. Moyes, Rayomand S. Khambata, Inmaculada Villar, Kristen J. Bubb, Reshma S. Baliga, Natalie G. Lumsden, Fang Xiao, Paul J. Gane, Anne-Sophie Rebstock, Roberta J. Worthington, Michela I. Simone, Filipa Mota, Fernando Rivilla, Susana Vallejo, Concepción Peiró, Carlos F. Sánchez Ferrer, Snezana Djordjevic, Mark J. Caulfield, Raymond J. MacAllister, David L. Selwood, Amrita Ahluwalia, Adrian J. Hobbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The endothelium plays a fundamental role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by releasing factors that regulate local blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and the reactivity of leukocytes and platelets. Accordingly, endothelial dysfunction underpins many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Herein, we evaluated mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Nppc, which encodes C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and determined that this mediator is essential for multiple aspects of vascular regulation. Specifically, disruption of CNP leads to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherogenesis, and aneurysm. Moreover, we identified natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) as the cognate receptor that primarily underlies CNP-dependent vasoprotective functions and developed small-molecule NPR-C agonists to target this pathway. Administration of NPR-C agonists promotes a vasorelaxation of isolated resistance arteries and a reduction in blood pressure in wild-type animals that is diminished in mice lacking NPR-C. This work provides a mechanistic explanation for genome-wide association studies that have linked the NPR-C (Npr3) locus with hypertension by demonstrating the importance of CNP/NPR-C signaling in preserving vascular homoeostasis. Furthermore, these results suggest that the CNP/NPR-C pathway has potential as a disease-modifying therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders.
Do emergency tests help in the management of acute medical admissions?
Authors: G. Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1984)

dstress Metabolic ackiosis Hyperpyrexia Hyperglycoeamia R if nmpicin Bright red skin pigmentation Red discoloumtion d plasma and urine Liver damage Ethambutol Nausea Abdominal pain Fever Mental confusion Visual hallucinations Optic neuropathyCompound cough mixtures and cold remedies may contain a variety of opioids, antihistamines, and sympathomimetic and mucolytic agents.The management of opioid and antihistamine overdose is covered elsewhere.The various sympathomimetic agents cause acute behavioural disturbances including visual and auditory hallucinations as well as features of cc and i overactivity.These may require specific treatment in the form of sedation or sympathomimetic blocking agents, or both.Chronic use of these drugs may cause behavioural disorders and hallucinations which remit on withdrawal of the drug.Anticholinergic drugs-Agents such as ipratropium bromide are being used increasingly in the treatment of asthma.When administered by inhalation these have a wide safety margin, but accidental or deliberate self-poisoning with nebuliser fluid may cause pronounced anticholinergic poisoning.There have been a few reports of paradoxical bronchoconstriction after both aerosol or high dose nebulised anticholinergic compounds.The reaction to the aerosol is thought to be an allergic response, but the reaction to the nebulised solution may be due to inhalation of a non-isotonic solution.Corticosteroids are occasionally taken in acute overdose but toxic effects are unlikely.Sodium cromoglycate is of low toxicity and overdose needs no specific
Nature and extent of glomerular injury induced by cyclosporine in heart transplant patients
Authors: Tullio Bertani, Paolo Ferrazzi, Arrigo Schieppati, Piero Ruggenenti, Amando Gamba, Lucio Parenzan, Giuliano Mecca, Norberto Perico, Ornella Imberti, Andrea Remuzzi, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (1991)
Vorapaxar in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Marc P. Bonaca, Benjamin M. Scirica, Mark A. Creager, Jeffrey Olin, Henri Bounameaux, Mikael Dellborg, Jessica M. Lamp, Sabina A. Murphy, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Vorapaxar is a novel antagonist of protease-activated receptor-1, the primary receptor for thrombin on human platelets that is also present on vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Patients with peripheral artery disease are at risk of systemic atherothrombotic events, as well as acute and chronic limb ischemia and the need for peripheral revascularization. Methods and Results— The Trial to Assess the Effects of SCH 530348 in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in Patients With Atherosclerosis (TRA2°P-TIMI 50) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vorapaxar in 26 449 patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral artery disease). Patients with qualifying peripheral artery disease (n=3787) had a history of claudication and an ankle-brachial index of &lt;0.85 or prior revascularization for limb ischemia. The primary efficacy end point was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and the principal safety end point was Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) bleeding. In the peripheral artery disease cohort, the primary end point did not differ significantly with vorapaxar (11.3% versus 11.9%; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.14; P =0.53). However, rates of hospitalization for acute limb ischemia (2.3% versus 3.9%; hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.86; P =0.006) and peripheral artery revascularization (18.4% versus 22.2%; hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.97; P =0.017) were significantly lower in patients randomized to vorapaxar. Bleeding occurred more frequently with vorapaxar compared with placebo (7.4% versus 4.5%; hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.18; P =0.001). Conclusions— Vorapaxar did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in patients with peripheral artery disease; however, vorapaxar significantly reduced acute limb ischemia and peripheral revascularization. The beneficial effects of protease-activated receptor-1 antagonism on limb vascular events were accompanied by an increased risk of bleeding. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00526474.
The Hypertonic State
Authors: Peter U. Feig, Donna K. McCurdy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Evolution has provided an elaborate network of regulatory systems that stabilize body-fluid volume, temperature and composition. This stability insulates cells from an ambient hostile world and assures them the best possible conditions in which to function optimally. When one of these regulatory systems fails, cells and even whole organ systems cannot function properly. This paper discusses what goes wrong when body fluids become too concentrated.Cell membranes are more or less impermeable to most solutes but freely permeable to water so that intracellular-fluid and extracellular-fluid osmolality equalizes despite very different composition (Fig. 1). The major osmotic solutes in intracellular fluid . . .
Passive transmission of ischemic ST segment changes in low electrical resistance myocardial infarct scar in the pig
Authors: J Cinca
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: To analyze the passive electrical properties of a healed infarction and assess their role on transmission of contiguous ischemic ST segment potential changes. Methods: We measured tissue resistivity (Ωcm) at 1 kHz and the epicardial ST segment during 1 h of proximal reocclusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in 12 anesthetized pigs with one-month-old transmural infarction elicited by LAD ligature below the first branch. The impedance spectrum (1 to 1000 kHz) of normal and infarcted myocardium was measured in seven other pigs with similar infarctions. Electrical transmission of current pulses (30 μA) in infarcted tissue and in test solutions was also investigated. Results: The infarct scar has a lower than normal resistivity (110±30 Ωcm vs. 235±60 Ωcm, p<0.0001) and, unlike the normal myocardium, resistivity and phase angle of the scar did not change at increasing current frequencies, reflecting no capacitative response. LAD reocclusion induced a resistivity rise (510±135 Ωcm, p<0.01) and a ST segment elevation (0.6±0.7 to 9.5±5.1 mV, p=0.002) in the ischemic peri-infarction zone, whereas the infarcted area showed ST segment elevation (0.5±0.5 to 3.8±2.6 mV, p=0.03) with no resistivity changes. Potential decay of both ST segment and current pulses in the scar and in 0.9% NaCl solution was less than 1 mV/mm. Transmural deposition of connective tissue was seen in the center of the infarction. Conclusions: A one-month-old transmural infarction is a low resistance, noncapacitative medium that allows a good transmission of current pulses and of ST segment potential changes generated by contiguous peri-infarction ischemia.
Precision in estimating gestational age and its influence on sensitivity of alphafetoprotein screening.
Authors: C J Roberts, B M Hibbard, D R Evans, K T Evans, K M Laurence, M Hoole, E Roberts, W P Ennis
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The interpretation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations in relation to fetal neural tube defects depends on accurate assessment of the gestational age. In a quadruple-blind study three antenatal methods of assessment--namely, menstrual dates, clinical examination, and ultrasound scanning--were correlated with postnatal assessment using the Dubowitz scoring system. The best agreement to +/- 1 week was obtained using menstrual dates and ultrasound in combination, such agreement being found in 91 (77%) of the 118 women studied. Since serum AFP concentrations vary with gestational age, precise gestational dating is necessary. In many cases, particularly in women who are unsure of their dates or have irregular menstrual cycles, ultrasound examination is needed to supplement clinical findings.
PATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN LUNG FROM USE OF MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE
Authors: H. J. CORPER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

New drugs introduced clinically and recommended for their value in a limited number of conditions by the original experimental investigators frequently run the clinical gamut of trial for every known condition, when unforeseen obstacles arise which require for elucidation the cooperation of the experimental pathologist. Mercurochrome-220 soluble was introduced as a valuable new mercury antiseptic for use in the genitourinary tract by Young, White and Swartz,<sup>1</sup>in 1919, who found it to exceed other mercury preparations in its ready penetration of the tissues in which infection exists, lack of irritation to the tissues, high germicidal activity, ready solubility in water and stability of the solution, freedom from precipitation in urine, and sufficiently low toxicity to avoid systemic effects from the small amount of the drug that may be absorbed. A 1 per cent, solution for five minutes did not irritate the bladder, ureters or kidney pelvis of rabbits, but
BURNS OF THE EYES.Read to the Kentucky State Medical Society, at Louisville, May 5, 1892.
Authors: DUDLEY S. REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Burns of the eyes are entitled to especial consideration when they affect the conjunctiva or cornea, They should be classified according to cause, and extent, The ophthalmic surgeon seldom sees the patient whose eyes have been burned by caustic alkalies or acids in time to employ chemical antidotes, yet these are too often neglected by those who have the opportunity of seeing such cases at the moment of occurrence. In order to draw practical conclusions, it will be necessary to enter somewhat into the details of this part of the subject, and, if I inadvertently indulge in some adverse criticism of my peers, who have written authoritatively upon this subject, I beg that my clinical observations be taken as sufficient warrant for the personal conclusions to which I may invite your attention. Professor Noyes (p. 266) directs attention to the especially destructive agency of the fulminate of mercury, used in
TrFAST: A Tool to Predict Signaling Pathway-specific Transcription Factor Binding Sites
Authors: Umair Seemab, Qurrat ul Ain, Muhammad Sulaman Nawaz, Zafar Saeed, Sajid Rashid
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Recent advances in the development of high-throughput tools have significantly revolutionized our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying normal and dysfunctional biological processes. Here we present a novel computational tool, transcription factor search and analysis tool (TrFAST), which was developed for the in silico analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) of signaling pathway-specific TFs. TrFAST facilitates searching as well as comparative analysis of regulatory motifs through an exact pattern matching algorithm followed by the graphical representation of matched binding sites in multiple sequences up to 50 kb in length. TrFAST is proficient in reducing the number of comparisons by the exact pattern matching strategy. In contrast to the pre-existing tools that find TFBS in a single sequence, TrFAST seeks out the desired pattern in multiple sequences simultaneously. It counts the GC content within the given multiple sequence data set and assembles the combinational details of consensus sequence(s) located at these regions, thereby generating a visual display based on the abundance of unique pattern. Comparative regulatory region analysis of multiple orthologous sequences simultaneously enhances the features of TrFAST and provides a significant insight into study of conservation of non-coding cis-regulatory elements. TrFAST is freely available at http://www.fi-pk.com/trfast.html.
Prolonged Latent Schistosomiasis
Authors: Sheldon F. Markel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE LIFE span ofSchistosoma japonicum, the cause of Oriental schistosomiasis, is not well established. Although it is estimated that more than 60 million people are infected, longevity studies in endemic areas are complicated by the incidence of reinfection.  Report of a Case  A 51-year-old man was hospitalized on Feb 3, 1976, because of acute severe abdominal pain of approximately five hours' duration that began when he strained at stools and felt something pop. Review of systems and past history were noncontributory. His temperature at the time of admission was 37 °C. He had generalized abdominal tenderness that was greatest in the left lower quadrant. Bowel sounds were diminished. The WBC count was 19,000/cu mm, with 75% segmented and 17% band neutrophils. A roentgenogram of the abdomen showed a small amount of free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm.  Laparotomy was performed approximately two hours after admission, and a large amount
Identification of patients with atrial fibrillation in general practice: a study of screening methods
Authors: M. Sudlow, H. Rodgers, R. A. Kenny, R. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Atrial fibrillation is common, affecting around 5% of people over 65. 1 2Widespread use of anticoagulants in these patients could greatly reduce the incidence of stroke,3 but many patients are untreated. 2 4Although most people with atrial fibrillation are already recorded as having the condition,4 they may not be easily identifiable from medical records, and this may partly explain the underuse of anticoagulants.

As part of a population survey of elderly people we examined two methods for detecting people with atrial fibrillation or flutter: identification of patients currently taking digoxin, and pulse palpation by a trained nurse. Ethical approval was granted by the Northumberland Local Research Ethics Committee.

We invited an age and sex stratified sample of 1235 subjects aged 65 years and over, registered with nine contiguous general practices in southern Northumberland, for a screening limb lead electrocardiogram. Subjects were …
Comparison of Tritiated Estradiol and Tamoxifen Aziridine for Measurement of Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer Cytosolss
Authors: Martine J. Piccart, Carl Muquardt, Carine Bosman, Pascale Pirotte, Stéphane Veenstra, Francesca Grillo, Guy Leclercq
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Comparison of Tritiated Estradiol and Tamoxifen Aziridine for Measurement of Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer Cytosolss Get access Martine J. Piccart, Martine J. Piccart Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carl Muquardt, Carl Muquardt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carine Bosman, Carine Bosman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pascale Pirotte, Pascale Pirotte Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stéphane Veenstra, Stéphane Veenstra Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francesca Grillo, Francesca Grillo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guy Leclercq Guy Leclercq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 21, 6 November 1991, Pages 1553–1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.21.1553 Published: 06 November 1991 Article history Received: 10 April 1991 Revision received: 18 July 1991 Accepted: 30 July 1991 Published: 06 November 1991
Antiretroviral Therapy in AIDS
Authors: Samuel Broder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

To review recent developments of antiretroviral therapy for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related disorders.An edited and updated summary of a Clinical Staff Conference held 26 October 1988 at the National Institutes of Health. The speakers discussed their own work as well as related work from other groups.The discovery that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS has permitted the development of rational antiviral therapy for this disease. Various steps in the replicative cycle of HIV can be targeted for intervention. More basic research into the life cycle of HIV is therefore likely to yield new therapeutic approaches. In 1985, nucleoside analogues called dideoxynucleosides were discovered to be potent inhibitors of HIV replication in vitro. Dideoxynucleosides selectively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase after they are phosphorylated intracellularly to 5'-triphosphates. One dideoxynucleoside, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT or zidovudine) has been found to prolong the life of patients with AIDS. This drug can partially reverse HIV dementia and decrease short-term progression to AIDS; it has been approved for treating HIV-infected patients with fewer than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3. AZT is only a first step in developing new therapy for AIDS. Its use is associated with toxicities, particularly bone marrow suppression. Several groups have reported the development of AZT-resistant strains of HIV. Other dideoxynucleosides whose toxicity profiles differ from that of AZT have also shown activity against HIV in early clinical studies. Large-scale, randomized trials of these drugs are now under way. Studies have shown that the binding of HIV to CD4 may be blocked by genetically engineered forms of CD4 and that HIV protease may be inhibited by substrate analogues. Protease inhibitors are an excellent area for further study in patients. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy may target the regulatory genes of HIV and is also being considered.With these advances, AIDS is gradually changing from an imminently fatal disease to one that can be managed with the judicious use of drugs and biologics. Progress against AIDS will continue, provided that researchers adhere to the principles of controlled trials.
Immunogenic Potency of MgCl2—Stabilized Oral Poliovaccine
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD, oral polio-virus vaccine is widely accepted as an effective immunizing agent.<sup>1</sup>The vaccine is a living, attenuated virus, and like most viruses it is unstable, except when held at very low temperatures in the frozen state. As a result, present regulations and practice in this country require that for maintenance of potency the vaccine be stored and shipped frozen, and that after thawing it be held in the refrigerator at no more than 10 C for a period not to exceed 7 days, after which time it must be discarded. Recent findings have shown that polio and other enteroviruses, in contrast to most other viruses, are rendered thermostable in the presence of high concentrations of MgCl<sub>2</sub>.<sup>2, 3</sup>This report describes comparative results of feeding children ordinary nonstabilized poliovirus vaccine, stored under optimal conditions (—20 C), with results of feeding MgCl<sub>2</sub>