tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic Screening for Deep Venous Thrombosis after Arthroplasty
Authors: Leon Pedell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 April 1998Ultrasonographic Screening for Deep Venous Thrombosis after ArthroplastyLeon Pedell, MDLeon Pedell, MDWilliam Beaumont Hospital; Royal Oak, MI 48302Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article on ultrasonographic screening for deep venous thrombosis after arthroplasty [1] agrees completely with my experience regarding the lack of value of such screening in these patients. In a 6-month period (January through June 1995) at William Beaumont Hospital, ultrasonography was done on patients who had had arthroplasty for whom there was a definite clinical suspicion of deep venous thrombosis. Only 8% of patients had acute femoropopliteal deep venous thrombosis.Of additional interest in Robinson and colleagues' study [1] was the length of stay, approximately 10 ± 5 days. This length of stay helped to ensure ...References1. Robinson KS, Anderson DR, Gross M, Petrie D, Leighton R, Stanish W, et al. Ultrasonographic screening before hospital discharge for deep venous thrombosis after arthroplasty: The Post-Arthroplasty Screening Study. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:439-45. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: William Beaumont Hospital; Royal Oak, MI 48302 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1998Volume 128, Issue 7Page: 600-601KeywordsArthroplastyDeep vein thrombosisLength of stayProphylaxisProthrombin timePulmonary embolismSurgeryUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 April 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Canada's Health Care System Faces Its Problems
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Canada's provincial health insurance plans have demonstrated an impressive capacity to operate successfully despite a basic policy conflict that says health care funding must be public and universal, physicians must retain their professional autonomy, consumers must have free choice of doctors and first-dollar coverage, and provincial governments must control their budgets. But now provinces are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain this equation, because a variety of factors are perturbing its balance. In the face of a large budget deficit, the national government continues to reduce its financial commitment to the plans, patients and practitioners are demanding better access to . . .
IN VITRO STUDIES OF MAMMALIAN SOMATIC CELL VARIATION
Authors: Howard M. Cann, Leonard A. Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The isoantigenic phenotype of the H-2 locus has been detected by isohemagglutinin absorption in a line of mouse lymphoma cells growing continuously in culture for 6 years and in two established lines of fibroblastic mouse cells growing continuously in culture for 1 year. Quantitative absorption studies suggest that the concentration of H-2 isoantigens is higher in the cultured lymphoma cells than in the other two fibroblastic cell lines.
BENIGN STRICTURES OF THE RECTUM
Authors: LOUIS A. BUIE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In reviewing the subject of rectal stricture, one is forcibly impressed with the fact that most of the discussion and study of the subject is devoted to the etiology, a phase concerning which the least satisfactory and uniform conclusions have been drawn. All writers agree that rectal strictures come under two chief headings, malignant and benign; but when the latter type is considered, the significance of syphilis as a cause invariably becomes the leading point on which opinions vary widely. Often the relative frequency has been expressed on a percentage basis, but the estimates are so varied that even an average of them would be of little worth. Certain observers assert that syphilis is the cause of few, if any, rectal strictures; but the greater number attribute to syphilis the existence of most lesions of this type. Asman<sup>1</sup>has said: "The vast majority of strictures of the rectum are
Implementing the European clinical trials directive
Authors: K. Woods
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Discussions continue in the European Commission and the United Kingdom 

The European Union's clinical trials directive must be implemented in United Kingdom law by May 2004.1 It is intended to simplify and harmonise the regulation of clinical trials across the European Union, thereby facilitating the internal market in medicinal products while protecting participants and public health. Yet some have expressed concern that it will actually impede and inhibit publicly funded clinical trials, a sector of research in which the United Kingdom has always been strong.2–4 What are the contentious issues, and where do matters now stand?

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is the regulatory body responsible for drafting the UK legislation to be laid before parliament early in 2004. In preparation for this the agency consulted widely in February 2003 and provided advice and a helpline via its website (http://medicines.mhra.gov.uk/ourwork/licensingmeds/types/clintrialdir.htm).5 The main concerns elicited were around the role and responsibilities of the sponsor of the trial, the delay and cost imposed …
Cardiovascular function during rest and exercise in patients with sickle-cell anemia and coexisting alpha thalassemia-2
Authors: David S. Braden, Wesley Covitz, Paul F. Milner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Cardiac function was measured at rest and during exercise in 9 patients with sickle-cell anemia (SS) and coexisting homozygous alpha thalassemia-2 (alpha thal-2). Results were compared with 18 sickle cell patients with normal alpha globin genes, who were matched to the study group by age, gender, and size, and to published normal values. SS alpha thal-2 patients were less anemic: 9.9 +/- 1.0 vs 8.2 +/- 1.2 gm/dl for SS alone (P<.05). Left ventricular dimensions were normal in SS alpha thal-2 (4.9 +/- 0.7 cm), but increased in SS (5.4 +/- 0.7, cm P=.05) (normal range, 3.7-5.6 cm). Left ventricular wall thickness was, however, dramatically increased in the SS alpha thal-2 patients (free wall, 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm; septum, 1.6 +/- 0.4 cm), though SS controls had normal wall thickness (free wall, 1.0 +/- 0.2 cm; septum, 1.0 +/- 0.2 cm, P<.001) (normal range, 0.6-1.1 cm). At rest, Doppler indices of systolic function were not significantly different between sickle groups and normal values. SS alpha thal-2 patients did have abnormal diastolic filling at rest, as evidenced by a reduced ratio of early/late diastolic filling, 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.5 for SS controls (P<.01), and 1.8 +/- 0.4 for normals. An analysis of covariance suggested that this abnormality persisted after taking into account the previously demonstrated hypertrophy. During exercise, SS alpha thal-2 patients had higher heart rates and blood pressures than SS controls in spite of performing the same or less work. This resulted in a higher double product (an estimate of oxygen consumption) in SS alpha thal-2 patients (37,470 +/- 2,310 mm Hg-BPM) than in SS controls (33,310 +/- 1,490 mm Hg-BPM, P<.01). Work capacity, peak heart rate, and blood pressure were all abnormally decreased in both sickle-cell groups when compared to normal. Cardiac abnormalities noted at rest and during exercise in SS alpha thal-2 patients suggest a role of microvascular occlusion and a protective effect of decreased hemoglobin.
Frequency and Type of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Moroccan Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hassan Errihani, Hanane Inrhaoun, Anouar Boukir, Fouad Kettani, Lamia Gamra, Amina Mestari, Lamia Jabri, Youssef Bensouda, Hind Mrabti, Ibrahim Elghissassi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Radionuclide transit studies in the detection of oesophageal dysmotility.
Authors: J N Blackwell, W J Hannan, R D Adam, R C Heading
Journal: Gut (1983)

A scintigraphic method is described to measure the transit of a fluid bolus through the oesophagus. Transit times in 16 normal subjects ranged from five to 15 seconds and were highly reproducible. Prolonged transit times were observed in 16 of 19 patients with known oesophageal motility disorders, and in these patients inspection of the time activity curves frequently permitted an adynamic oesophagus to be distinguished from one showing excessive incoordinate contractions. The technique was then applied prospectively to 50 patients referred for oesophageal motility studies and a comparison made between the oesophageal transit measurements and the findings on conventional oesophageal manometry. There was agreement between these tests in 42 (84%) of the 50 patients. The measurement of oesophageal transit may be made quickly and safely, without causing discomfort to the patient, and it appears to be at least as sensitive as manometry in the detection of oesophageal motility disorders.
Removing bias in surgical trials
Authors: A G Johnson, J M. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The promise of cloning for human medicineNot a moral threat but an exciting challenge T he production of a sheep clone, Dolly, from an adult somatic cell 1 is a stunning achievement of British science.It also holds great promise for human medicine.Sadly, the media have sensationalised the implications, ignoring the huge potential of this experiment.Accusations that scientists have been working secretively and without the chance for public debate are invalid.Successful cloning was publicised in 1975, 2 and it is over eight years since Prather et al published details of the first piglet clone after nuclear transfer. 3issing from much of the debate about Dolly is recognition that she is not an identical clone.Part of our genetic material comes from the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the egg.In Dolly's case only the nuclear DNA was transferred.Moreover, we are a product of our nurture as much as our genetic nature.Monovular twins are genetically closer than are artificially produced clones, and no one could deny that such twins have quite separate identities.Dolly's birth provokes fascinating questions.How old is she?Her nuclear DNA gives her potentially adult status, but her mitochondria are those of a newborn.Mitochrondia are important in the aging process because aging is related to acquired mutations in mitochondrial DNA, possibly caused by oxygen damage during an individual's life. 4Experimental nuclear transfer in animals and in human cell lines could help elucidate mechanisms for many of these processes.Equally extraordinary is the question concerning the role of the egg's cytoplasm in mammalian development.Once the quiescent nucleus had been transferred to the recipient egg cell, developmental genes expressed only in very early life were switched on.There are likely to be powerful factors in the cytoplasm of the egg that make this happen.Egg cytoplasm is perhaps the new royal jelly.Studying why and how these genes switch on would give important information about both human development and genetic disease.Research on nuclear transfer into human eggs has immense clinical value.Here is a model for learning more about somatic cell differentiation.If, in due course, we could influence differentiation to give rise to targeted cell types we might generate many tissues of great value in transplantation.These could include skin and blood cells, and possibly neuronal tissue, for the treatment of injury, for bone marrow transplants for leukaemia, and for degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.One problem to be overcome is
Hormone replacement treatment and benign intracranial hypertension.
Authors: K L Woods
Journal: BMJ (1982)

reports four deaths in 30 years attributed to milk-related infection as against a yearly toll of 150 000 deaths from coronary disease in England and Wales.The evidence which began to accumulate in the last 15 or so years about the possible connection between coronary disease and milk consumption comes from several independent studies: epidemiological, immunological, experimental, and clinical.Virtually every plant we eat-cereals, potatoes, carrots, onions, pulses, tomatoes- contains substances toxic to the human con- sumer-lectins, saponins, cyanogens, glucosinolates, lathyrogens, gossypol, oestrogen mimics,antivitamins, enzymeinhibitorsl-most of which are probably their defensive weapons against their innumerable enemies-viruses, fungi, phytophagous insects, and large herbi- vores.The fact that we can eat them with impunity is largely because we cook them.Cows' milk is the back door through which many of these substances-originating in grasses, clover, lucerne, soya beans, cottonseed meal, etc-can reach us in an uncooked form.As there is no blood-milk barrier, many of these substances are likely to pass unchanged into milk and the pasteurisation of the milk is not nearly sufficient to destroy them.
Gates and Cameron pledge new money to eradicate polio
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The philanthropist Bill Gates and the UK prime minister, David Cameron, have pledged additional funding to the global polio eradication initiative and have called on other donors to step up with new commitments.

Mr Gates said that his foundation was adding “$100m [£62m; €73m] today to the polio campaign to help close the gaps.” He said there was a need to intensify the campaign; it will cost almost $1bn to buy the polio vaccine drops needed for eradication over the next two years.

Mr Cameron said that the United Kingdom would be doubling its support to the initiative over the next two years, from £20m to £40m.

“This will enable the vaccination of an extra …
Anaemia and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: J. M. Vaughan
Journal: BMJ (1938)

PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT AND ITS TREATMENT THEBItITISI exceptionally at one clinic and as a routine proceduLre in another.Here we regard it as a treatment that is suited to certain prostates and to certain circumstances.Perurethral resection is no longer on its trial, but has established for itself a definite place in the surgery of the prostate.Conclusions Having surveyed the work that has been carried out by innumerable researchers in the laboratory and in the operating theatre during the last twenty years, I feel that we have no reason to be dissatisfied with the results.We have made definite progress, both in our understanding of the aetiology of enlargement and in our methods of dealing with it.The investigations of the biologist and of the biochemist are now leading us in a direction which may well mean that within a few years we shall be able to prevent its occurrence, and possibly cuLre the condition once it has arisen.In the meantime, close co-operation between the clinicians and the designers of instruments has provided us with a valuable alternative method of surgical intervention in the shape of perurethral resection.Finally it may be said that even if the efforts of prostatectomists to rid the original Freyer operation of its shortcomings have not so far met with success, there is no reason to disbelieve that in the end this also will be achieved.
Cellular aggregation and destruction during blood circulation and oxygenation.
Authors: G Wright, J M Sanderson
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Platelet and leucocyte aggregation and severe haemolysis may occur in blood during the preparation of an extracorporeal circuit for open-heart surgery. Experiments with dog blood showed that both processes result from bubble oxygenation but not from circulation of diluted blood and that they appear to be inhibited by the presence of acid citrate dextrose and heparin, or citrate phosphate dextrose and heparin, but not by heparin alone.
STUDIES ON A PARATYPHOID INFECTION IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Theobald Smith, John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Factors bearing on the maintenance of paratyphoid in an endemic state are discussed. There was no evidence of any increase nor any dearly demonstrable proof of a decline in virulence of the causative organism. This persisted within the breeding stock and it is suggested that the sows constituted the chief focus for dissemination of the organism to their young and from these to the population at large. Evidence is presented that the carriage of B. paratyphi in the feces was of relatively short duration. Fecal carriage of B. paratyphi was commonly associated with a localization of the organism in the spleen. Since it is obvious that some factor or factors must have changed in the transition from epidemic to endemic phase in the presence of younger generations, the hypothesis is tentatively presented that the transition from epidemic to endemic phase is due to a combination of the weeding out of individuals of low natural resistance with a gradual adjustment of the invading organism to the population on a lowered level of virulence.
Asthma in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Susan C. Dees
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In a survey of 403 apparently healthy babies, 43 were found to have wheezing during the first 2 years of life. Difficulties with feeding, colic and other gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, disturbances of sleep, recurring croupy colds, and rashes were often seen in the first year of life in children who later developed asthma. Attacks often developed insidiously after several days of seemingly mild respiratory infection. Infection regularly triggered attacks in young children. Restlessness was a characteristic feature of such attacks. Atelectasis and pneumonia were common complications. Treatment consisted of the combined use of bronchodilators, hydration, expectorants, and judicious sedation. Steroids and antibiotics were frequently necessary to relieve acute attacks.
Association Between Carriage of &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/EMPH&gt; and &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/EMPH&gt; in Children
Authors: Gili Regev-Yochay
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Widespread pneumococcal conjugate vaccination may bring about epidemiologic changes in upper respiratory tract flora of children. Of particular significance may be an interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, in view of the recent emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus.To examine the prevalence and risk factors of carriage of S pneumoniae and S aureus in the prevaccination era in young children.Cross-sectional surveillance study of nasopharyngeal carriage of S pneumoniae and nasal carriage of S aureus by 790 children aged 40 months or younger seen at primary care clinics in central Israel during February 2002.Carriage rates of S pneumoniae (by serotype) and S aureus; risk factors associated with carriage of each pathogen.Among 790 children screened, 43% carried S pneumoniae and 10% carried S aureus. Staphylococcus aureus carriage among S pneumoniae carriers was 6.5% vs 12.9% in S pneumoniae noncarriers. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among S aureus carriers was 27.5% vs 44.8% in S aureus noncarriers. Only 2.8% carried both pathogens concomitantly vs 4.3% expected dual carriage (P =.03). Risk factors for S pneumoniae carriage (attending day care, having young siblings, and age older than 3 months) were negatively associated with S aureus carriage.Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, specifically of vaccine-type strains, is negatively associated with S aureus carriage in children. The implications of these findings in the pneumococcal vaccine era require further investigation.
Preliminary data on the use of intraductal optical coherence tomography during ERCP for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures
Authors: P A Testoni, A Mariani, B Mangiavillano, P G Arcidiacono, E Masci
Journal: Gut (2006)

polymorphisms analysed.While LD was incomplete in the British, 2 there was strong LD in the German patients (table 2).ND 1 +32656 could therefore be a population specific marker for an as yet unidentified causative variant in the vicinity.Replication in other British and European samples will be necessary to further examine the role of CARD4 variants in IBD susceptibility.
Treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with MLL/AF6 fusion after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with gemtuzumab ozogamicin with a long interval followed by donor lymphocyte infusion
Authors: H Tamai, Y Shioi, H Yamaguchi, M Okabe, S Wakita, T Mizuki, K Nakayama, K Inokuchi, K Tajika, K Dan
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Can We Apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome to Asians?
Authors: Chee-Eng Tan, Stefan Ma, Daniel Wai, Suok-Kai Chew, E.-Shyong Tai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Limited information is available about the metabolic syndrome in Asians. Furthermore, the definition of central obesity using waist circumference may not be appropriate for Asians. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal waist circumference for diagnosing central obesity in Asians and to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an Asian population.We used data from the 1998 Singapore National Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey involving 4,723 men and women of Chinese, Malay, and Asian-Indian ethnicity aged 18-69 years. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that waist circumference >80 cm in women and >90 cm in men was a more appropriate definition of central obesity in this population. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was then determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria with and without the modified waist circumference criteria.In Asians, decreasing waist circumference increased the crude prevalence of the metabolic syndrome from 12.2 to 17.9%. Using the modified Asian criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased from 2.9% in those aged 18-30 years to 31.0% in those aged 60-69 years. It was more common in men (prevalence 20.9% in men versus 15.5% in women; P < 0.001) and Asian Indians (prevalence 28.8% in Asian-Indians, 24.2% in Malays, and 14.8% in Chinese; P < 0.001).NCEP ATP III criteria, applied to an Asian population, will underestimate the population at risk. With a lower waist circumference cutoff, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is comparable to that in Western populations. Ethnic differences are likely to exist between populations across Asia.
Randomised trial of tacrolimus monotherapy versus tacrolimus/prednisolone/azathioprine in liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis: Early rejection rates
Authors: M. Mela, M.L. Raimondo, A. Quaglia, A. Dhillon, K. Rolles, B. Davidson, D. Patch, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Reversible Cardiopulmonary Syndrome with Extreme Obesity
Authors: E. HARVEY ESTES, H. O. SIEKER, H. D. MCINTOSH, G. A. KELSER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A syndrome consisting of obesity, somnolence, cyanosis, periodic breathing, and polycythemia, with congestive heart failure has been observed in 6 patients. The effect of weight reduction and the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms and signs are discussed.
A Challenge for the Development of Malaria Vaccines: Polymorphic Target Antigens
Authors: Colin Sutherland
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Parasites of the genus Plasmodium cause many hundreds of millions of cases of malaria worldwide optimism that in the future effective vaccination will join the current strategies of preventive and therapeutic uses of antimalarials, and of reduction in human–vector contact, as part of the global malaria control toolkit.