tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF LEUKEMIA
Authors: LINDSAY S. MILNE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The following case of leukemia presented several features of unusual clinical and pathologic interest. Like many cases of leukemia, its type was very irregular and in the absence of any definite knowledge of the etiology of this disease, its classification, if any be attempted, provides a wide field for discussion. <h3>History</h3> —The patient was a well-developed, robust man, aged 23, a hotel waiter, who had come under observation for the early secondary stage of syphilis eighteen months before his death. The inguinal nodes at this time were slightly swollen, but the spleen and liver were not apparently enlarged. The urine showed no special change. His blood was not examined at this time. He had suffered from gonorrhea five months previous to his coming to the hospital, but denied any other illness before this. There was no history of any previous enlargement of the lymph-nodes. He had originally come from Greece
TUBERCULIN, THE VALUE AND LIMITATIONS OF ITS USE IN CONSUMPTION.Read before the Colorado State Medical Society, June 17, 1891.
Authors: CHARLES DENISON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I assume that no apology is necessary for my changing the subject of this paper from the Surgical Treatment of Lung Cavities to the discussion of Koch's lymph; because of late my mind and opportunities have been turned in the latter direction. Besides, my professional brothers expect some report of my investigations of the great German scientist's new remedy, and now and here are the best time and place for it. Now, because time enough has elapsed for the expression of a great variety of opinions, and here, because no<i>symposium</i>on consumption is complete without a consideration of this recent invention for its amelioration. The questions which to my mind need most to be answered are, 1. Was the description given us of the composition of Koch's lymph sufficient for our gaining full knowledge as to its uses? 2. Were the rules laid down by the author adequate and
To the Editor, 'The British Journal of Dermatology'
Authors: L. J. A. Loewenthal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1954)

Journal Article To the Editor, ‘The British Journal of Dermatology’ Get access L. J. A. Loewenthal L. J. A. Loewenthal Johannesburg; August 1954 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 66, Issue 12, 1 December 1954, Page 458, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1954.tb12580.x Published: 01 December 1954
Assessment of factors influencing the result of sputum cytology in bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: M D Clee, D J Sinclair
Journal: Thorax (1981)

In a retrospective study of 377 patients with bronchial carcinoma, sputum had been reported positive or suspicious for malignant cells in 59.7%. The most important factors contributing to a positive result were the histological cell type and the site of the tumour as assessed at bronchoscopy. Significantly more positive results were obtained in epidermoid tumours and those with a visible bronchoscopic abnormality. A higher proportion of positive results also occurred in large tumours, lower lobe tumours, and those associated with collapse and consolidation. The physical condition of the patient and the presence of infection in the sputum were not important factors contributing to a negative result. Although adequate numbers of sputum samples were collected the predominant problem was the large number of unsatisfactory sputum specimens. The preparation of the sputum specimens in the laboratory is important and is also a potential source of error.
Ex Vivo Human Trabecular Bone Model for Biocompatibility Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Composites Modified with Spray Dried Biodegradable Microspheres
Authors: Julia Schnieders, Uwe Gbureck, Oliver Germershaus, Marita Kratz, David B. Jones, Thomas Kissel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Our aim was to study the suitability of the ex‐vivo human trabecular bone bioreactor ZetOS to test the biocompatibility of calcium phosphate bone cement composites modified with spray dried, drug loaded microspheres. We hypothesized, that this bone bioreactor could be a promising alternative to in vivo assessment of biocompatibility in living human bone over a defined time period. Composites consisting of tetracycline loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres and calcium phosphate bone cement, were inserted into in vitro cultured human femora head trabecular bone and incubated over 30 days at 37°C in the incubation system. Different biocompatibility parameters, such as lactate dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase release and the expression of relevant cytokines, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, were measured in the incubation medium. No significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured compared to control samples. Tetracycline was released from the microspheres, delivered and incorporated into newly formed bone. In this study we demonstrated that ex vivo biocompatibility testing using human trabecular bone in a bioreactor is a potential alternative to animal experiments since bone metabolism is still maintained in a physiological environment ex vivo.
Regulation of the Immune Response — Inducer and Suppressor T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Human Beings
Authors: Ellis L. Reinherz, Stuart F. Schlossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

HUMAN T lymphocytes are endowed with the capacity to recognize specific antigens, execute effector functions, and regulate the type and intensity of virtually all cellular and humoral immune responses.1 Two major functionally distinct subsets of T cells have been defined with heteroantiserums, autoantibodies, and monoclonal antibodies directed at stable cell-surface antigens.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Both have been independently programmed for their respective inducer (helper) and cytotoxic/suppressor functions during intrathymic differentiation. This review focuses on the biology of human regulatory T-cell subpopulations in health and disease.Development of T LymphocytesA thymic microenvironment is necessary for the differentiation of T cells in all species. . . .
Pharmacogenomic Modeling of Circulating Tumor and Invasive Cells for Prediction of Chemotherapy Response and Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kenneth H. Yu, Mark Ricigliano, Manuel Hidalgo, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Maeve A. Lowery, Leonard B. Saltz, Joseph F. Crotty, Kristen Gary, Brandon Cooper, Rena Lapidus, Mariola Sadowska, Eileen M. O'Reilly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Despite a challenging prognosis, modern cytotoxic therapy can induce tumor responses and extend life in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pharmacogenomic (PGx) modeling of tumor tissue can predict the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical cancer models. We hypothesized that PGx profiling of circulating tumor and invasive cells (CTIC) isolated from peripheral blood could predict tumor response, progression, and resistance.A PGx model was created and validated in preclinical models. A prospective clinical trial was conducted. Fifty patients with advanced PDAC were enrolled. Before treatment, 10 mL of peripherally drawn blood was collected. CTICs isolated from this blood sample were expression profiled and the PGx model was used to predict effective and ineffective chemotherapeutic agents. The treating physicians were blinded to PGx prediction.We found that CTICs could be reliably isolated, total RNA extracted and profiled from 10 mL of peripheral blood from patients with unresectable PDAC before chemotherapy treatment and at disease progression. Using previously created PGx models to predict chemotherapy sensitivity, we found that clinical benefit was seen for study participants treated with chemotherapy regimens predicted to be effective versus chemotherapy regimens predicted to be ineffective with regard to progression-free (10.4 mo vs. 3.6 mo; P < 0.0001; HR, 0.14) and overall survival (17.2 mo vs. 8.3 mo; P < 0.0249; HR, 0.29).These findings suggest that PGx profiling of CTICs can predict treatment response.
Resectable localized breast cancer. The rationale for combined surgery and irradiation
Authors: A. J. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

LOCAL treatment, whether surgical, radiotherapeutic, or a combination of both, only influences disease within the treated area and of course can have no effect on distant metastases already present. Many types of surgical procedures are now performed for the primary treatment of breast cancer, and the role of irradiation varies widely throughout the world.  Successful treatment of breast cancer must be measured by survival as well as by local and regional control of the disease. Freedom from local-regional tumor is of great benefit to the patients. Since local-regional tumor is of common and predictable occurrence, with a known correlation with the clinical manifestations of the disease, individually tailored management is advisable for optimum control of tumor.  Local and Regional Recurrences  Supraclavicular Nodes.—  Table 1 shows that supraclavicular recurrences occur in about 20% to 26% of cases in which radical mastectomy alone was performed in patients with axillary nodes positive for
TCT-278 Predictors of Recurrent Restenosis After Treatment of In Stent Restenosis With Paclitaxel-coated Balloon
Authors: Seiji Habara, Kazushige Kadota, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
High Glucose Increases Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Superoxide Anion Generation in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Francesco Cosentino, Keiichi Hishikawa, Zvonimir S. Katusic, Thomas F. Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hyperglycemia is a primary cause of premature vascular disease. Endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by diminished endothelium-dependent relaxations is likely to be involved. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results This study was designed to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on the l -arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and production of NO were studied in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to control levels (5.5 mmol/L) and high levels (22.2 mmol/L) of glucose for 5 days. We examined the effect of glucose on NO release by measuring changes in nitrite (NO 2 − ) levels by Griess reaction. Superoxide anion (O 2 − ) production was also examined by the ferrocytochrome c assay. NOS mRNA and protein expression, which were evaluated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, were approximately twofold greater in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Elevated glucose levels increased NO 2 − production by only 40% but increased the release of O 2 − by more than threefold. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that prolonged exposure to high glucose increases eNOS gene expression, protein expression, and NO release. However, upregulation of eNOS and NO release is associated with a marked concomitant increase of O 2 − production. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding how chronic exposure to elevated glucose leads to an imbalance between NO and O 2 − . This may explain impaired endothelial function and be important for diabetic vascular disease.
Hear no evil
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Take my advice: starting from tomorrow, be extra nice to your friends in theatre. No, not the gorgeous serial adulterers of the West End. I mean the ones in the sexy green pyjamas and the Lone Ranger masks. It's not just that your heart, liver, or other organs vital to meaningful life are in their control—they potentially have your very mind in their clingfilm-covered hands.

It is now well accepted that it is possible to take in some of what you hear in surgery, even though you have no memory of it afterwards. For instance, a group of anaesthetists in Wales recently succeeded in getting a …
Accountable Care Organizations and Community Empowerment
Authors: Benjamin F. Springgate
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence rates of malignancies and hospitalized infectious events in patients with psoriasis with or without treatment and a general population in the U.S.A.: 2005–09
Authors: A.B. Kimball, J. Schenfeld, N.A. Accortt, M.S. Anthony, K.J. Rothman, D. Pariser
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Rates of malignancies and hospitalized infectious events (HIEs) among psoriasis patients are higher than in the general population, but it is unclear if higher rates are associated with the underlying inflammatory state, treatments or both.To assess the incidence of malignancies and HIEs in a healthy US population, a psoriasis population, and four treated psoriasis populations.Using a US claims database, we identified a general population, a psoriasis cohort, and four treatment cohorts [non-biologic systemics, etanercept, other TNF blockers (adalimumab, infliximab) and phototherapy] to assess the incidence of lymphomas, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), all malignancies (excluding NMSC), and HIEs, standardized for age and sex.Among 40 987 patients with psoriasis, 11% were prescribed non-biologics, 15% etanercept, 6% other TNF blockers and 11% phototherapy. For all cancers, the psoriasis population rate (114/10 000 person-years) was 20% greater than the rate found in the general population (95/10 000 person-years). For NMSC, the psoriasis population rate (129/10 000 person-years) was 65% greater than the general population rate (78/10 000 person-years). The incidence rate for each treatment modality was lower than the overall psoriasis cohort, except for phototherapy. There was little difference in the rates of lymphomas. NMSC rates were higher among patients treated with phototherapy. HIE rates ranged from 165/10 000 person-years for the phototherapy group to 262/10 000 person-years for the other anti-TNF group.Patients with psoriasis appear to have higher rates of malignancy and HIE than the general population, with little difference in rates between the treatment methods, except for a higher rate of cancer among those receiving phototherapy.
Pay in the public sector.
Authors: R. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

dose rather than malnutrition in the children. 6Vaccination gives substantial protection, reducing child mortality from the age of vaccination by at least 30%.7 A big difficulty in many countries is that up to the present measles immunisation cannot be given to children aged under 9 months.The World Health Organisation recommends, however, that in 1990 a high titre of the more immunogenic Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine should be made available.This concentrated vaccine will overcome residual maternal antibodies and may be used at the age of 6 months.8Unicef hopes to have supplies available for sub-Saharan Africa by the middle of 1990.What about other new vaccines?All the vaccines available were already in use as long ago as 1974.There are many exciting potentials for the improvement of existing vaccines and new vaccines against major killer diseases, but resources for the development of new vaccines are limited.Many countries allot half of their research resources to the military.Can we hope that a proportion of this could be deflected to research on saving children's lives?Even then, particularly at this time of year, we need to consider the saying, "The difference between children and adults is the size and complexity of the toys they play with."World wide there is an unholy alliance between the developers of adult toys and their manufacturers and the medical profession, and it is this that absorbs so much research money.In Britain we suffer from vociferous pressure groups wanting investment in a £10 million cyclotron, though there are grave doubts over its medical value and a cost benefit analysis that would be absurd.9Such monetary resources could save the lives of thousands of children.
Histamine dose-response curves in asthma: reproducibility and sensitivity of different indices to assess response.
Authors: P Dehaut, A Rachiele, R R Martin, J L Malo
Journal: Thorax (1983)

In 18 clinically stable asthmatic patients histamine inhalation challenges were performed with a Wright's nebuliser and tidal volume breathing for two minutes on two to four occasions for each subject at a maximum interval of two weeks. The response was measured in terms of specific lung conductance (sGL) by the subtraction technique, maximum partial and maximum complete expiratory flow at 40% and 50% of vital capacity respectively (Vmax40p and Vmax50c), and FEV1 from the maximum flow-volume curve. Dose-response curves were analysed for (1) provocative concentration (PC) of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 and a 40% change in the other measurements; (2) threshold concentration (TC)--the concentration at which changes in the measurement exceed 2 SD from control values; (3) reactivity (R)--the slope of the dose-response curve beyond TC. We found that PC20-FEV1 was the most reproducible index, the 95% confidence intervals based on a single determination being +/- 1.6 single two-fold concentration difference. PC20-FEV1 was more reproducible than PC values for other measurements and more reproducible than any of the TC values. The 95% confidence intervals based on a single determination of R varied from +/- 52% to +/- 74% change/log histamine concentration. Both sGL and Vmax40p detected the bronchoconstrictor response assessed by PC and TC at a significantly lower histamine concentration than FEV1 (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). PC and TC results showed a significant correlation, but neither were correlated with R.
Costs of PFI and PPP have been underestimated
Authors: M. Blaiklock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The private finance initiative (PFI) and public-private partnerships (PPP) have triggered some long overdue investment in new health facilities in the United Kingdom, often being the only funding mechanism available. Nevertheless, these initiatives may have diverted scarce and expensive resources and been of doubtful financial benefit when the resolution of more fundamental institutional and operational issues in the NHS should …
Patterns of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
Authors: H. A. SNELLEN, H. C. INGEN, E. CH. M. HOEFSMIT
Journal: Circulation (1968)

All of our cases of abnormal pulmonary venous connections collected to the middle of 1965 and verified at surgery or autopsy have been reviewed by means of diagrams and tabulations, using a specially devised code to facilitate the survey. The material consisted of 52 autopsy cases (half of them obtained after surgery) and the cases of 72 patients who survived operation. The postmortem group was much younger than the surgical group and differed also from the latter by showing male preponderance as well as relatively many instances of total abnormal pulmonary venous connection and frequently associated cardiac anomalies. Partial anomalous connection of right pulmonary veins was 10 times more frequent than that of the left pulmonary veins. This was caused by (1) the frequent drainage of some of the right pulmonary veins into the junctional area between right atrium and superior vena cava in the presence of normal left pulmonary veins, and (2) the complete absence of isolated left pulmonary venous connection to the right atrium. Abnormal connection of solitary pulmonary veins was always effected to the most proximal venous structure among the four possible ones which are derived from the main embryonic channels (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava on the right side, and left superior vena cava and coronary sinus on the left side). Common pulmonary veins from one lung also drained in accordance with this proximity rule, if this may be taken to apply also to the drainage of right pulmonary veins into the right atrium. The one exception in our material was the drainage of all right pulmonary veins into the portal venous system. Total abnormal pulmonary venous connection may be found with all structures mentioned, but most frequently with the left superior vena cava, or coronary sinus, or both, usually by way of a common pulmonary vein. In a few cases however, drainage into different sites, all of them abnormal, did occur. Then again the proximity rule seemed to apply. A tentative embryological explanation is given for the patterns described.
Rejected Landmarks: The Smoke Goes On
Authors: Kenneth B. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  In the May 24/31, 1985, issue of JAMA there is a LANDMARK ARTICLE by Drs Wynder and Graham 1 with comment by Dr Jesse L. Steinfeld. 2 Dr Wynder was a student at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis and Dr Graham a world-famous professor of surgery at the same institution.  histories were obtained from 605 men with an established diagnosis of lung cancer in a number of hospitals throughout the United States, and these were compared with histories of 780 men in the general population with similar age and economic distribution. They found strong but not conclusive evidence of the relationship of lung cancer to cigarette smoking.  Of considerable note is the fact that the article in JAMA of May 27, 1950, that immediately follows the LANDMARK ARTICLE is entitled Cancer and Tobacco Smoking and was written by Morton L. Levin, Hyman Gold-stein,
Constitutively active Akt1 protects HL60 leukemia cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis through a mechanism involving NF-κB activation and cFLIPL up-regulation
Authors: R Bortul, P L Tazzari, A Cappellini, G Tabellini, A M Billi, R Bareggi, L Manzoli, L Cocco, A M Martelli
Journal: Leukemia (2003)