tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soy Consumption, Markers of Inflammation, and Endothelial Function
Authors: Leila Azadbakht, Masoud Kimiagar, Yadollah Mehrabi, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To determine the effects of soy consumption on markers of inflammation and endothelial function in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.This randomized cross-over clinical trial included 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]), soy protein diet, or soy nut diet, each for 8 weeks. Red meat in the DASH diet (one serving/day) was replaced by soy protein in the soy protein diet and by soy nut in the soy nut diet.For nitric oxide levels, the difference from the control diet was 9.8% (P < 0.01) on the soy nut and -1.7% (P = 0.10) on the soy protein diets. The difference from the control diet for serum E-selectin was -11.4% (P < 0.01) on the soy nut consumption and -4.7% (P = 0.19) on the soy protein diet. Soy nut consumption reduced interleukin-18 compared with the control diet (difference from the control diet: -9.2%, P < 0.01), but soy protein did not (difference from the control diet: -4.6%, P = 0.14). For C-reactive protein, the difference from the control diet was -8.9% (P < 0.01) on the soy nut diet and -1.6% (P < 0.01) on the soy protein diet.Short-term soy nut consumption reduced some markers of inflammation and increased plasma nitric oxide levels in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
A PECULIAR INFECTION OF CERTAIN CERVICAL GLANDS WITH TYPICAL LOCAL AND GENERAL SYMPTOMS.
Authors: HELIODOR SCHILLER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Under the title of "Pfeiffer's Glandular Fever" I recently published reports of five cases and I have since had an opportunity of seeing six similar cases.<sup>1</sup> A close study of these cases and comparison with those already reported, shows that they do not correspond exactly with the cases described by Pfeiffer, but that they have distinctive features which may be considered as those of a well characterized and typical disease. <h3>Case 6.</h3> —On October 24 I was called to see a baby boy, aged 2½ years. Since the previous evening the child had had fever, had coughed somewhat and had vomited once. <h3>Course of the Disease.</h3> —When I first saw the child his temperature was 102 F., his throat was reddened and several râles could be heard over the lungs. He was constipated, and for this calomel was given. Next morning the temperature was 99.8, and the following day
On the limitations of quasi-experiments
Authors: Terence C. Burnham, Robert Kurzban
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Although provocative, the data reported in Henrich et al.'s target article suffer from limitations, including the fact that the “selfishness axiom” is not an interesting null hypothesis, and the intrinsic limitations of quasi-experimental designs, in which random assignment is impossible. True experiments, in the laboratory or in the field, will continue to be crucial for settling core issues associated with human economic behavior.
Human insulin and awareness of hypoglycaemia.
Authors: S. Colagiuri, J. J. Miller, P. Petocz
Journal: BMJ (1992)

found for 35 drugs.Contrary to hospital advice, 59 drugs were issued in childproof containers.We had spent time counselling the patients on their treatment before discharge.We had attempted to improve communication by sending a copy of the discharge prescription to the general practitioner by first class post and alerting the practice surgery by telephone to the patient's discharge.Closer communication between hospital and community care professionals is clearly required.Hospitals should endeavour to inform general practitioners of patients' discharge on the day of discharge or the next working day, and a subse- quent home visit by either the doctor or a liaison health visitor would facilitate continuity of treat- ment.We agree that a more active role for community pharmacists would help iron out potential sources of confusion in nomenclature, timing of doses, and containers and would benefit this vulnerable group of patients.
The role of small airways in monitoring the response to asthma treatment: what is beyond FEV<sub>1</sub>?
Authors: N. Scichilone, S. Battaglia, D. Olivieri, V. Bellia
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The definition of asthma has evolved from that of an episodic disease characterized by reversible airways constriction to a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, with at least partially reversible airway constriction. Increasing evidence supports the notion that small and large airways play a central role in asthma pathophysiology with regard to inflammation, remodeling and symptoms. The contribution of the distal airways to the asthma phenotype carries implications for the delivery of inhaled medications to the appropriate areas of the lung and for the monitoring of the response to asthma treatment. Asthma control is evaluated on the basis of symptoms, lung function and exacerbations. However, evidence suggests that dissociation between lung function and respiratory symptoms, quality of life and airway inflammation exists. In this study, common spirometric parameters offer limited information with regard to the peripheral airways, and it is therefore necessary to move beyond FEV 1 . Several functional parameters and inflammatory markers, which are discussed in the present study, can be employed to evaluate distal lung function. In this study, extrafine formulations deliver inhaled drugs throughout the bronchial tree (both large and small airways) and are effective on parameters that directly or indirectly measure air trapping/airway closure.
Rationing in action
Authors: V Bottomley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The BMJ recently sent me a copy of Rationing in Action.1 At the conference that gave rise to the book I said that the health service is having to address the problems outlined in the book every day, as indeed it has had to since it was founded. We at the centre are helping to inform and when necessary steer the debate, and we welcome the continued input of academics, the medical profession, managers, and the public.

As everyone is covered by a universal and freely available health service the problem is one of setting priorities rather than sharing out resources. The pressures on health care will bring many of the issues further to the fore in the next few years: demographic pressures, improved medical technology, …
Plugging the Drain
Authors: Joseph Moldaver
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent editorial inThe Journalcommented on the obligation of the American medical system to provide specialty training for foreign physicians desiring to come to the United States for internships and residencies. While we do not deny that professionals deserve the best training available to them, most foreign physicians can obtain positions only at nonmedical school-affiliated community hospitals whose teaching programs are frequently uneven. In view of the increasing number of foreign physicians entering our postgraduate programs and their importance to the hospitals that they serve, it is imperative that they be exposed to the best medical teachers. In an attempt to improve this situation, Senior Medical Consultants, Inc., began in the fall of 1970 a pilot study in the metropolitan New York area, financed by a contract with the National Institutes of Health. The results indicated that there was a substantial pool of recently retired
Basic Theory of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Roy R. Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book could have been assigned to a variety of individuals for review. The results would have been quite different whether individual psychoanalysts or nonanalysts had been asked to perform the task of reviewing, depending on the reviewer's frame of reference and personal bias. Because this small volume is so packed with information, it becomes difficult to make anything but a general review if one wishes to avoid becoming implicated in argumentative discussions concerning specific statements. As a general review, one can only admire the completeness with which Dr. Waelder, one of the senior analysts who was long associated with Freud in Vienna, has carried out his task.  The book contains an introduction concerned with a discussion of means of validation of psychoanalytic interpretation and theories. There is a part devoted to the historical development of psychoanalytic thought, a large section concerned with survey and discussion of basic concepts, a
Health and Normality
Authors: Elias Amador
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN ORDER to diagnose any disease, a standard of reference is required. This standard is the state of health or normality. The term "health" is said to be the "general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness or vigor, and to freedom from disease or ailment" (<i>Random House Dictionary of the English Language</i>, unabridged edition, 1966). When we say that a person is in good health, we mean that this person may indulge in physical and mental activities without distress, and is free from diseases that may threaten his or her well-being or life.<sup>1</sup>Similarly, the orthodox medical definition of normal "denotes the absence of infection, disease, or malformation, or the absence of experimental, or therapeutic manipulations" (<i>Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language</i>, second edition, unabridged, 1960). With these definitions, we may expand the concept of normality to include and describe each of the
Mechanisms of Action of Testosterone — Unraveling a Gordian Knot
Authors: David J. Handelsman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

It used to be simple. Testosterone was first used clinically in 1937, only 2 years after its Nobel Prize–winning discovery, but without data on its pharmacologic properties or its mechanism of action, unlike new drugs that go through the approval process today. After three quarters of a century, rather than occupying a stable niche for androgen replacement, testosterone prescribing is escalating at startling rates, creating a nearly $2 billion annual market in which the raw drug costs only 1% of that total. Again unlike new drugs today, which must define a therapeutic niche by means of well-designed studies, testosterone, a . . .
Small bowel haemorrhage due to cytomegalovirus vasculitis.
Authors: R P Teenan, W R Murray
Journal: Gut (1992)

Small bowel haemorrhage due to cytomegalovirus vasculitis SIR,-We read with interest the report by Sackier et al (Gut 1991; 32: 1419-20) where the authors postulate a pathogenic role for cytomegalovirus in the small bowel of a patient on immunosuppressive therapy.Cytomegalovirus has been described associated with bleeding and ulceration of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract in renal transplant recipients, although there has been no conclusive evidence that the virus is a pathogen in the gastrointestinal tract of these patients."We have recently completed a prospective study of renal transplant recipients, obtaining endoscopic biopsies of the gastroduodenal mucosa for the study of cytomegalovirus.Immunohistochemical analysis of the specimens (mouse anti cytomegalovirus monoclonal antibody, Dako Ltd, High Wycombe, Bucks) revealed evidence of virus in 16 of 33 patients (48%).The virus was detected in the duo- denum in 13 patients and in the gastric mucosa of six patients, three patients having both sites involved, and was found to involve surface epithelium and vascular endothelium.The presence of cytomegalovirus was significantly associated with histological duodenitis (p=O-00l, Fisher's exact test) and was not associated with histological gastritis or with peptic ulceration.There was no significant relationship between cytomegalovirus infec- tion and upper gastrointestinal symptoms.A prospective study by Alexander et al in liver transplant recipients reported a similar preva- lence to our own and an association with duodenitis but not with dyspeptic symptoms.4We feel that it is difficult to be certain that cytomegalovirus is a pathogen, and the histo- logical changes witnessed by Sackier and other authors may merely be a casual association, reflecting the high prevalence of the virus in immunosuppressed patients.5The vasculitis witnessed in their patient may have been because of the underlying disease process, as gastrointestinal involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis, while not common, certainly can occur.
A comparative study of serum lipids between Belgium and Korea.
Authors: H Kesteloot, C S Lee, H M Park, C Kegels, J Geboers, J H Claes, J V Joossens
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Serum cholesterol values are markedly lower in Korea than in Belgium in both males and females. This is attributed to the much lower consumption of saturated fat in Korea. A mean population serum cholesterol value of about 160 mg/dl appears to be compatible with excellent general health and with the absence of ischemic heart disease or other atheromatous diseases. The influence of age, height and weight on cholesterol between Belgium and Korea is qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol values are lower in Korea than in Belgium, particularly in females. Differences in the HDL cholesterol level thus cannot explain the low prevalence of ischemic heart disease in Korea.
Two companies blocked from comparing their generic products to Herceptin in India
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The drug company Roche has secured an injunction from the High Court of Delhi ordering two pharmaceutical companies—the Bangalore based Biocon and the US based Mylan—not to compare their generic versions of trastuzumab with Roche’s Herceptin.

However, an application from Roche for an interim order restraining the two companies “from launching, introducing, selling, marketing and/or distributing” their generic trastuzumab products in the Indian market, until appropriate tests and studies had been conducted, was rejected. The court ruled that an injunction was unnecessary because the companies were “not entitled to introduce or launch the drug without the requisite approvals” and such an injunction …
A CASE OF ANEURYSM OF AORTA RUPTURING INTO THE VENA CAVA
Authors: Orlando H. Petty
Journal: JAMA (1913)

sive myocarditis and the wall of the ventricle was very thin at one place.These cases would seem to be of considerable interest in view of all the recent clinical and experimental work- that has been clone to prove that the coronary arteries are not end arteries, as was at one time supposed.080 Madison Avenue.
Anesthesia of Ear Drum.
Authors: E. C. Ellett
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Memphis, Tenn., April 3, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Dr. Henry Gradle's recent article on "Purulent Otitis, Its Treatment and Prevention by the Family Physician" (The Journal, March 30), in speaking of paracentesis of the drum membrane, he says that it is a painful procedure and the pain is not lessened by any of the local anesthetics. I would like to mention a combination of local anesthetics which I have found to act admirably in producing an anesthesia of the drum, permitting painless paracentesis. The mixture is equal parts of cocain, carbolic acid and menthol. It is attributed, I believe, to Bonain (<i>Rev. Heb. de Lar</i>., June 17, 1899), and I claim no originality in connection with it. I have used it many times this winter with invariable satisfaction. After cleansing and drying the canal, I have applied this mixture with a cotton-tippel applicator directly to that portion of the
Antipsychotic Medication Adherence: Is There a Difference Between Typical and Atypical Agents?
Authors: Christian R. Dolder, Jonathan P. Lacro, Laura B. Dunn, Dilip V. Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Pharmacy refill records were used to compare medication adherence in outpatient veterans receiving typical versus atypical antipsychotic medications.Consecutive patients meeting selection criteria and receiving prescriptions for haloperidol (N=57), perphenazine (N=60), risperidone (N=80), olanzapine (N=63), and quetiapine (N=28) over a 3-month period were identified from a computerized database. The hospital policy at the time of this study required failure in trials of at least two typical antipsychotics before initiation of an atypical agent. Patients' adherence with the antipsychotic regimen was calculated by analyzing refill records for up to 12 months. The cumulative mean gap ratio (the number of days when medication was unavailable in relation to the total number of days) and the compliant fill rate (the number of prescription fills indicating adherence in relation to the total number of prescription fills) at 6 and 12 months were calculated.Adherence rates at 6 and 12 months were moderately higher in patients who received atypical antipsychotics than in those who received typical agents. Cumulative mean gap ratios were 23.2% for typical and 14.1% for atypical antipsychotics at 12 months; thus, patients who received typical agents were without medication for an average of 7 days per month, compared with 4 days per month for those who received atypical agents. At 12 months, compliant fill rates were 50.1% for typical and 54.9% for atypical antipsychotics.Interventions to improve adherence are warranted even for patients who receive atypical antipsychotic medications.
Application of DNA amplification to pneumocystosis: presence of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA during human and experimentally induced Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: N Schluger, T Godwin, K Sepkowitz, D Armstrong, E Bernard, M Rifkin, A Cerami, R Bucala
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much remains unknown about the basic biology of P. carinii and studies of this infection have been hampered by the lack of cultivation methods. We developed a sensitive and specific assay for P. carinii by utilizing DNA amplification of the P. carinii dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. By this method, P. carinii DNA was detected in the lungs of rats with experimentally induced P. carinii pneumonia 2 wk before the onset of histopathological changes. DNA amplification analysis of serum demonstrated that by 10 wk of corticosteroid treatment, 12 of 12 (100%) infected rats had circulating DHFR DNA. P. carinii DHFR DNA also was detected in the serum of patients with AIDS and active P. carinii pneumonia (12 of 14 sera collected prospectively). Patients with advanced AIDS but without a history of P. carinii pneumonia were negative by this assay (0 of 6 sera examined). Serum polymerase chain reaction may facilitate investigations into the natural history and epidemiology of P. carinii infection, provide insight into the pathogenesis of parasite dissemination, and offer a useful, noninvasive diagnostic test for the detection of human pneumocystosis.
Abstract 3177: Transcriptome sequencing identifies oncogenic microRNA signatures that interact with NF-kappaB, TP53 and Notch signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Anthony D. Saleh, Han Si, Hai Lu, Xinping Yang Yang, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes, Jamie Coupar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNA dysregulation has been shown to be nearly universal in cancer biology, driving oncogenic signaling networks. However, microRNA mediated global regulatory mechanisms underlying malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we have performed genome-wide small RNA sequencing on a panel of nine HNSCC cell lines and three normal primary oral keratinocyte cell lines, as well as matched primary tumor and normal tissues using the SOLiD parallel sequencing platform. A panel of microRNAs with altered expression was identified, including several novel oncogenic microRNAs which are upregulated in parallel with altered activation of NF-kB c-REL, TP53 family members ΔNp63α and TAp73, and involved in the down-modulation of p53 and Notch1, two genes most often mutated or inactivated in HNSCC. To examine the hypothesis that these microRNAs could potentially be regulated by NF-κB and p53 pathways, NF-κB inducer TNF-α was used to treat an HNSCC cell line overexpressing mtTP53, ΔNp63α and TAp73. Genome-wide small RNA sequencing revealed significant changes in microRNA expression modulated by TNF-α that overlaps with the panel of constitutively dysregulated microRNAs in HNSCC. Furthermore, genome-wide ChIP-sequencing revealed that TNF-α modulated DNA binding activities of c-REL, ΔNp63α and TAp73 aligned within the regulatory regions of several differentially expressed microRNAs. Modulation of these microRNAs with anti-miR repression reduced proliferation and motility in HNSCC cell lines, which confirmed the oncogenic activity of the microRNAs and their potential for therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3177. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3177
Paradoxical actions of antioxidants in the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by peroxidases.
Authors: N Santanam, S Parthasarathy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Oxidation of LDL by peroxidases has been suggested to be a model for in vivo oxidation. The mechanism might involve the generation of an intermediate radical such as a phenoxy radical. We show that, in contrast to the oxidation of LDL by copper, oxidation by peroxidase system (H2O2/horse radish peroxidase) showed less resistance. This suggested that either the antioxidants were consumed more rapidly or might have actually participated in the oxidation. Accordingly, addition of vitamin E increased the rate of oxidation of LDL. In contrast, probucol inhibited the oxidation even at low concentrations suggesting ineffective formation of probucol radical or the sterically hindered probucol radical was inefficient in catalyzing subsequent oxidation. The oxidation of LDL by horse radish peroxidase was also enhanced in the presence of diphenylphenylenediamine, an antioxidant that does not have a phenolic -OH group. Myeloperoxidase was able to oxidize LDL even in the absence of added tyrosine suggesting that it was able to utilize the LDL-associated vitamin E. Addition of free tyrosine inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes. We suggest that if peroxidases are involved in the initiation of LDL oxidation in vivo, higher concentrations of antioxidants may be indicated to inhibit propagation of oxidation.
Continuous Renal-Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Ashita Tolwani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Acute kidney injury develops in a 20-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome after aortic-valve replacement complicated by thoracic aortic dissection. Continuous renal-replacement therapy rather than intermittent hemodialysis is recommended because of hemodynamic instability.
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF SEVENTY-ONE CASES
Authors: JAMES H. SEQUEIRA, H. BALEAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1902)

Journal Article LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF SEVENTY‐ONE CASES Get access JAMES H. SEQUEIRA, M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P. Lond., F.R.C.S. Eng., JAMES H. SEQUEIRA, M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P. Lond., F.R.C.S. Eng. Assistant Physician to the Skin Department of the London Hospital, Physician to the North Eastern Hospital for Children Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. BALEAN, M.B. Lond. H. BALEAN, M.B. Lond. Clinical Assistant at the London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 14, Issue 10, 1 October 1902, Pages 367–379, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1902.tb16412.x Published: 01 October 1902