tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low dose cytosine arabinoside in acute myeloid leukemia: Remission is not due to differentiation induction
Authors: Peter H. Pinkerton, Betty London, Donald H. Cowan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract A patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (FAB M4), showing a near tetraploid chromosome complement on his marrow cells, was treated with low dose cytosine arabinoside and achieved remission. During remission the near tetraploid marrow chromosome complement disappeared and reappeared upon relapse of leukemia. These findings are interpreted as evidence against differentiation induction in the leukemic cell line as a mechanism for remission of the disease in this patient.
An overview of prechronic and chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity experimental study designs and criteria used by the National Toxicology Program.
Authors: R S Chhabra, J E Huff, B S Schwetz, J Selkirk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Since the establishment of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), there have been gradual changes in strategies to evaluate the overall toxicity of chemicals as well as their carcinogenic potential. The spectrum of toxicologic information sought on selected chemicals has been broadened by the multidisciplinary approach to evaluating chemicals. This paper describes the scientific rationale and experimental processes used by NTP in designing studies. Also, an outline of current NTP protocols are given for prechronic and chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies.
Tubeless Gastric Analysis Techniques in Diagnosis of Chronic Gastritis
Authors: Harry L. Segal
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Tubeless gastric analysis with azuresin (Diagnex Blue), developed by Segal et al,<sup>1</sup>when properly applied, has proved to be a reliable semiquantitative method to determine the capability of the gastric mucosa to secrete acid. Investigations by the authors have shown that this technique combined with the measurement of uropepsin activity provides the means, not only to detect chronic gastritis, but also to differentiate the three possibly sequential stages of chronic gastritis, namely, superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and complete atrophy. The authors correlated the histological appearance of peroral gastric mucosal biopsy specimens with the gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion determined by tubeless gastric acid analysis and the measurement of uropepsin activity, respectively. The Figure reveals the results of this comparison. All the subjects with normal gastric mucosa secreted acid; the uropepsin activity in these persons ranged between 25 and 162 units/hr, with a mean of 79 units/hr (normal range, 30
DIFFERENT PREPARATIONS OF BISMUTH IN SYPHILIS THERAPY: RATE OF ABSORPTION AS A GUIDE TO THEIR EMPLOYMENT
Authors: S. Lomholt
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Added to which there Ahoul(l bo a systematic following up of patients to encourage the delinquents, and also to ensure the early detection of any recurrent lesions.In conclutsion, I beg to point out that an admirable organization for the treatmelat of venereal disease already exists under the aegis of the Ministry of Health.That movement rescued this branch of medicinie from the realms of chaos, and has proved of great service to -the community.It seems justifiable, therefore, to ask that equal facilities slhould be given to a class of patients who are at least equally worthy of consideration.
Thrombotic risk factors and liver histologic lesions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: George V. Papatheodoridis, Nikolaos Chrysanthos, Evangelos Cholongitas, Efthymia Pavlou, George Apergis, Dina G. Tiniakos, Evangelia Andrioti, George Theodossiades, Athanasios J. Archimandritis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
John Edward MacIver
Authors: C. Geary
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Born in Heswall, Wirral, John Edward MacIver was educated at Shrewsbury School and St John’s College, Cambridge, where he was stroke for the Lady Margaret boat club. He completed his clinical studies at the Middlesex Hospital. After house jobs, he did his national service in Austria and became a keen skier. Returning to the Middlesex, where he met his …
Severity of imported falciparum malaria: effect of taking antimalarial prophylaxis.
Authors: S. J. Lewis, R. N. Davidson, E. J. Ross, A. P. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To investigate the effects of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and other variables on the severity of falciparum malaria.Review of consecutive malaria cases between 1987 and 1991.The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London.250 consecutive cases of mild and 51 consecutive cases of severe falciparum malaria.Prophylaxis was taken in 52.4% (131/250) of the cases of mild malaria and 21.6% (11/51) of cases of severe malaria. Severe malaria was more common in white patients than in those of African origin and was also seen more commonly in people returning from central, southern, and east Africa than in those returning from west Africa. Patients with severe malaria presented sooner than patients with mild malaria.Prior chemoprophylaxis led to a reduction in the severity of falciparum malaria. Ethnic origin, time to presentation, and sex were also associated with the severity of malaria.
Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This volume, a compendium of 19 contributions, emphasizes physiology as a base for rehabilitation medicine, since there is "excessive empiricism operating in rehabilitation medicine." The editors apologize, entirely appropriately, for the range of topics they selected. Indeed, this selection is, by their own admission, based on the editors' bias. Their hope that the book will have more than "fleeting validity" by avoiding the most recent topics for which they anticipate considerable change, may be self-defeating. Of the six sections, the first, "Basic Structure and Function," takes up the nervous system and the chemistry of muscle contraction. The second, "Electrophysiology," comprises two chapters, one, excellent, on nerve conduction and synaptic transmission, and the other, only fair, on the motor unit and muscle action potentials. Section three is the longest, with seven chapters on the subject of energy expenditure and transfer. Section four, "Applied Physiology," includes chapters on urogenital physiology, autonomic function
Health inequalities under New Labour
Authors: Mary Shaw, George Davey Smith, Danny Dorling
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health inequalities under New Labour Relative rather than absolute gaps are important over time and placeEditor-We agree with Shaw et al that the method of measuring inequality in health outcomes used in setting the government targets is problematic (A Low, UKPHA (UK Public Health Association), 13th annual public health forum, Gateshead, April 2005). 1 However, the government's targets are based on reducing relative gaps in life expectancy and infant mortality. 2 The slope index of inequality (SII) used by Shaw et al measures absolute gaps.
High lubricious surface of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy prepared by grafting poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)
Authors: Masayuki Kyomoto, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Toru Moro, Tomohiro Konno, Fumiaki Miyaji, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Yoshio Takatori, Kozo Nakamura, Kazuhiko Ishihara
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Identification of intermediate-risk patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism
Authors: C. Bova, O. Sanchez, P. Prandoni, M. Lankeit, S. Konstantinides, S. Vanni, D. Jimenez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The identification of normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) at high risk of adverse PE-related clinical events (<i>i.e.</i> intermediate-risk group) is a major challenge. We combined individual patient data from six studies involving 2874 normotensive patients with PE. We developed a prognostic model for intermediate-risk PE based on the clinical presentation and the assessment of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury. We used a composite of PE-related death, haemodynamic collapse or recurrent PE within 30 days of follow-up as the main outcome measure. The primary outcome occurred in 198 (6.9%) patients. Predictors of complications included systolic blood pressure 90–100 mmHg (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.45, 95% CI 1.50–3.99), heart rate ≥110 beats per min (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.31–2.69), elevated cardiac troponin (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.71–3.69) and right ventricular dysfunction (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58–3.29). We used these variables to construct a multidimensional seven-point risk index; the odds ratio for complications per one-point increase in the score was 1.55 (95% CI 1.43–1.68; p&lt;0.001). The model identified three stages (I, II and III) with 30-day PE-related complication rates of 4.2%, 10.8% and 29.2%, respectively. In conclusion, a simple grading system may assist clinicians in identifying intermediate-risk PE.
P569 SCCA-IgM IS PREDICTIVE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HCV CIRRHOSIS. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: A. Biasiolo, E. Trotta, S. Fasolato, N. Tono, M. Ruvoletto, A. Martini, L. Terrin, G. Fassina, P. Angeli, A. Gatta, P. Pontisso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Ten troublesome trends in TV health news
Authors: Gary Schwitzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A 2002 Gallup poll showed that many Americans consider television their most important source of news and information on health. It also showed that television is one of the least trusted sources of such news and information. I studied each of the 840 health news stories that appeared between February and May 2003 on four television stations (KARE, KSTP, KMSP, WCCO) in Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota, where I live. As I watched hours of health news coverage, 10 troublesome trends scrolled across the screen.

Too brief to matter —Brevity robs viewers of the chance to grasp the significance of health stories. TV stations often pay lip service to health news by creating segments (“Lifeline Minute” or “Health Headlines”). But as more than two thirds of the stories in this analysis lasted less than a minute, and more than half were 30 seconds or less, this is a shallow commitment.

No full time health journalists —In the four months the four stations used 58 different people to report on health news, not one of whom worked full time. …
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA, WITH FREE HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN GASTRIC CONTENTS: DUODENAL ULCER: PERFORATION: OPERATION: RECOVERY
Authors: S. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1928)

PERNI-IOUS'AETA VIH COMPLICATIONS.rsDTOCALJOUNA 1123death, may perhaps be avoided by a drachm or a drachm and a half made up into a lemlionade and sipped with each meal.Perhaps liver should be given also, even in the lpre-anaemic stage.Hydrocliloric acid shouild lbe given pernmanently.Liver feeding is, however, the iiain treat- ment.Minot and Murphy's sp-ecial dict is one -which is rich in proteins and food iron, especially in the liver.In addition to this they recommend freslh fruits anid vegetables, while reducing carbohydrates and fats.Fats were reduced because unsaturated fatty acids are haemliolytic. (Autho- rities, lhowever, do not agree that there is an excess of unsaturated fatty acids in the blood in pernicious anaemia.)Following the use of this diet somiie very remarkable evenlts lhave been noted.In a few days after its coiiimenicement reticulocytes are poured into the blood stream.Their number goes up from 1 per cent.to 10 or 15 per cent., and remains so for a few days, and then gr-aduallv falls, so that the number reaches 1 per cent.again in aboout three weeks.We saw that reticulocytes are immature red cells.Tllis plhenomenon is called " the reticulocvte bump."It appears to be a constant result of liver feeding.It does not occur in the natural remissions of the disease, or after any otlier known method of treatment.Liver therapy appears, ther-efore, to exert some very definite and specific action on tlle blood-forming functions of the marrow.
Nephrotic Syndrome Complicating Mercurial Diuretic Therapy
Authors: M. Riddle, F. Gardner, I. Beswick, I. Filshie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

JOURNAL__to the usual position of this artery.The zones on the surgical necks of the humeri again appear to us to be far too high to coincide with the normal course of the circum- flex humeral arteries.Other wider zones in the shoulder region do not appear to have any possible arterial relationship.The zone in the mandible (Special Plate, Fig. 4), opposite the second molar tooth, is nearly half an inch (12.5 mm.) distant from the facial artery, as judged by the site of its pulsation.We therefore suggest that the arterial origin of Looser's zones is, at the most, only partly true, and does not appear applicable even to the narrower and tortuous zones, while some other explanation is certainly needed for the wide transverse bands. SummaryThe place of so-called " vitamin-D-resistant rickets and osteomalacia" is considered, followed by the report of the case of a woman aged 32 with osteomalacia and Milkman's syndrome.Other causes for osteomalacia were ruled out, and various metabolic investigations were then performed.Balance studies showed a high faecal calcium and phosphorus, phosphorus infusion studies showed a low tubular maximal reabsorption of phosphorus (high phosphate clearance), and calcium infusion studies showed several points of difference from the normal.The bones gave evidence of great avidity for calcium.The response to parathyroid extract was slight, delayed, and affected calcium more than phos- phorus metabolism.The effect of calciferol given parenterally in large doses was examined.On 1.2 million units per day the calcium and phosphorus absorption increased, but it was not until a dose of 4.8 million units daily was used that the serum phosphorus showed any rise.No toxic effects were seen on this dose after 14 days.The smaller dose of 1.2 million units had no effect on the tubular re- absorption of phosphate.Finally the mechanism of production of Looser's zones is considered.The relation of some of the zones to arteries was studied by means of contrast medium introduced into the aorta.It is concluded that the zones are not in close connexion with pulsating blood vessels. APPENDIXThe main chemical methods used were as follows.Serum calcium: Greenblatt and Hartman (1951); serum and urinary in- organic phosphate: King (1951); urinary, faecal, and food cal- cium: Jackson and Irwin (1958); nitrogen: micro-Kjeldahl; inulin: Roe et al. (1949); potassium: flame photometer (Jackson and Irwin, 1958).The resuilts of balance studies have been given in charts rather than tables, in order to conserve space.The exact figures may be obtained from the authors on request.
Effects on fetus of stilboestrol in pregnancy.
Authors: V Hartley-Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD).The concept of mild retardation is quantitative and embraces, using conventional standards, some 2 20, of the population in addition to the 0 4%' who are even less gifted.Not all of this considerable population is in receipt of special services, even at school age; but prospects for training for skilled employment and independent social adaptation tend to be limited.Fortunately, the AAMD has omitted from the revised classification of mental handicap' the term "borderline mental retardation," but this is still in common use and embraces much of the "dull normal" stream.It seems contrary to the general sense of the leading article thus arbitrarily to exclude any causal role in mental retardation to mal- nutrition when this can admittedly cause some deficiency in the developing brain.It would seem more reasonable in the present state of science to keep an open mind on this question and to view it as one of the many possible modes of operation of the impact of adverse social and economic factors among under- privileged groups and disadvantaged classes.
The Changing Face of Intussusception
Authors: Daniel M. Hays
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Management of intussusception in a pediatric center shows changing patterns over the past 26 years. Early and subacute cases of intussusception are now ordinarily successfully reduced by hydrostatic pressure (barium enema). A minority, who are in shock, who have evidence of significant blood loss or, in whom small intestinal obstruction is apparent, are treated by emergency laparotomy, with or without confirmatory contrast studies. In the latter group the rate of resection is high (16.4% in the present series). Resected segments are microscopically infarcted; with unnecessary resection a rarity. Advances in surgical management have eliminated a major portion of the mortality formerly associated with resection. The use of hydrostatic pressure reduction makes surgery unnecessary in a high percentage of infants with intussusception, but does not reduce the incidence of infarction requiring resection. Ambulatory or nonhospital management of intussusception subjects the infant to the risk of a significant delay in definitive treatment and is not to be condoned.
Eosinophilic spongiosis in association with bullous pemphigoid and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: M. Ameen, A.C. Pembroke, M.M. Black, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We report the onset of an unusual blistering eruption following a diagnosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The histology consistently showed eosinophilic spongiosis, but the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid was only confirmed after 13 years by repeated immunofluorescence studies. The occurrence of subepidermal blistering diseases in association with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders is rare; a recent study showed that the majority of these cases are epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, confirmed by immunological studies. Only two cases of immunofluorescence-proven bullous pemphigoid in association with CLL have been previously reported.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients should be referred more swiftly, consensus statement urges
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Cyclopentolate 1% is significantly less effective than atropine 1% at producing cycloplegia in 1-year-old children. If cycloplegic refraction is to be used for investigation or screening children for visual defects during the sensitive period, the more prolonged and profound cycloplegia following atropine could potentially have a disastrous effect on the development of vision. Cyclopentolate 1% would have to be used, and allowance made for its inadequacy as a cycloplegic.
Early-Onset Obesity and Risk for Psoriatic ArthritisOBESITY AND RISK FOR PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: Dafna D. Gladman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Razieh Soltani-Arabshahi, MD; Bob Wong, PhD; Bing-Jian Feng, PhD; David E. Goldgar, PhD; Kristina Callis Duffin, MD; Gerald G. Krueger, MDObjective: To study whether obesity increases the risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), given that obesity is a risk factor for psoriasis and is associated with more severe disease.Design: Case series. We used Cox regression analysis to study the relationship between obesity and PsA while controlling for age at psoriasis onset, current body mass index (BMI), sex, family history of psoriasis, worst-ever body surface area (BSA) involvement, Koebner phenomenon, and nail involvement.Setting: Dermatology clinics at the University of Utah School of Medicine.Patients: Volunteer sample of patients with dermatologist-diagnosed psoriasis enrolled in the Utah Psoriasis Initiative from November 2002 to October 2008 (943 subjects; 50.2% women, 49.8% men).Main Outcome Measures: Physician diagnosis of PsA from self-report questionnaire.Results: In our subjects, we found that BMI at age 18 years was predictive of PsA (odds ratio [OR], 1.06) (P < .01) over and above control variables. Other variables that were predictors of PsA included younger age at psoriasis onset (odds ratio [OR], 0.98) (P < .01), female sex (OR, 1.45) (P = .01), higher worst-ever BSA involvement with psoriasis (OR, 1.01) (P = .04), Koebner phenomenon (OR, 1.59) (P < .01), and nail involvement (OR, 1.76) (P < .01). Current BMI and family history of psoriasis were not significant predictors of PsA.Conclusions: This study suggests that obesity at age 18 years increases the risk of developing PsA. Adiposity is associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines known to be associated with psoriasis. This inflammatory milieu could increase the risk of PsA in predisposed subjects. Prevention and early treatment of obesity may decrease the risk of PsA.
Abstract 1080: Protein phosphatase 2A regulates Chk2 phosphorylation at constitutive level in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Xiaobing Liang, Yi Guo, Jing Jie Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) comprises a diverse family of phosphoserine- and phosphothreonine-specific enzymes ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. This principal Ser/Thr phosphatase plays an integral role in the regulation of a number of major signaling pathways, the deregulation of which can contribute to multiple human cancers, Alzheimer's disease and increased susceptibility to pathogen infections. The checkpoint kinase Chk2 is an important multifunctional regulator of the cellular DNA damage repair response. Chk2 activation is triggered by the phosphorylation of Thr-68 following DNA damage and protects genome integrity by promoting cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We have previously reported that ovarian cancer A2780 cells show an interaction between PP2A and Chk2 after cisplatin treatment, and PP2A negatively regulates Chk2 phosphorylation at Thr-68. In this study we report that Chk2 and PP2A are associated to maintain the cell normal function. This conclusion is based on the following observations: 1) Co-immunoprecipatation of the holoenzyme PP2A (subunits A, B and C) with p-Chk2 shown immune complexes; 2) Inhibition of PP2A activity by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of PP2A, and by siRNA to PP2A, resulted in enhanced Chk2 phosphorylation at Thr-68 in studied cell model. These findings demonstrate that PP2A has a role in controlling the constitutive Chk2 phosphorylation at Thr-68 and that Chk2 and PP2A are responsible for maintenance of cell metabolic equilibrium. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1080. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1080
Hepatic Adenomatosis May Mimic Metastatic Lesions of Liver With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yasemin Sanli, Baris Bakir, Serkan Kuyumcu, Zeynep Gozde Ozkan, Mine Gulluoglu, Orhan Bilge, Cuneyt Turkmen, Ayse Mudun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Hepatic adenomatosis is an uncommon benign neoplasm, with the presence of multiple adenomas (generally more than 4) within the liver. A 52-year-old woman presented with multiple (>10) solid liver lesions detected with abdominal ultrasonography and verified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subsequently, F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake in these lesions. Histology revealed hepatic adenomatosis. F-18 FDG PET/CT cannot reliably differentiate hepatic adenomas from malignant processes on the basis of uptake.
The BCG Controversy
Authors: Ronald E. Pust
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In their rigorous critique of the methodology of the eight large BCG trials, Clemens and colleagues go far in clarifying  BCG Controversy (1983;249:2362). Yet, while briefly noting potential nonmethodological sources of efficacy variation, they fail to emphasize that the three high (≥75%) efficacy trials (in England and Chicago and among Western US Indians) were unique in sharing not only unbiased design but a relative absence of nontuberculous mycobacterial sensitivity in their geographic areas. Although early infection with atypical mycobacteria, highly prevalent in all of the low-efficacy trial areas, cannot explain negative BCG efficacy, such atypical mycobacteria infections may account for a large proportion of the difference between 0% and 75% to 80% efficacy. 1   The narrow confidence interval of the three high-efficacy results rectly rectly establishes that BCG can be— and has been—highly effective in these geographic areas and populations. But we should not be left