tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of aortic insufficiency using a catheter-tip velocity transducer.
Authors: W W Nichols, C J Pepine, C R Conti, L G Christie, R L Feldman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Bidirectional instantaneous aortic root blood flow was measured in 18 patients with aortic insufficiency (AI) using a catheter-tip velocity transducer. The magnitude of AI was quantitated by determining total forward systolic flow from the area of the flow velocity curve above the zero baseline and regurgitant diastolic flow from the curve area below the baseline. Effective forward flow (stroke volume) was calculated as the difference between total forward systolic flow and regurgitant diastolic flow. Regurgitant fraction was determined as the ratio of regurgitant flow to total forward flow. These data were compared with conventional angiographic estimates (1+ to 4+) of the degree of insufficiency. Velocity transducer determination of regurgitant fraction was 26% in the patient with 1+ AI, 37% (31-48%) in 2+ AI, 49% (35-61%) in 3+ AI and 72% in 4+ AI (regurgitant fraction vs angiographic grade, r = 0.84). Regurgitant flow per diastole was 9 ml in the patient with 1+ AI, 39 ml (20-49 ml) in 2+ AI, 57 ml (31-102 ml) in 3+ AI and 183 ml (143 and 223 ml) in 4+ AI (regurgitant diastolic flow vs angiographic grade, r = 0.73). Good correlation (r = 0.90) was found between values of regurgitant flow obtained from the left ventriculogram and those obtained using the velocity transducer. Although the overall association was good, wide, variability in regurgitant fraction and regurgitant flow was found in the 15 patients with 2+ to 3+ AI. These results suggest that the electromagnetic velocity catheter offers a simple technique for quantitating AI.
ABC of Medical Computing: GETTING YOUR THOUGHTS ON PAPER
Authors: N. Lee, A. Millman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Word processing is almost always the first facility people use on the computer, and for many people it is the main reason for buying a computer. The tremendous flexibility of even the most basic word processors has ensured that they have almost totally replaced the typewriter. Word processors allow you to create and then amend parts of the document before printing so that you never have to retype the whole document.

#### Advantages of word processors

Until recently, most business word processing has been done with DOS based programs that use character based screens. These programs load, run, and print quickly even on old computers but have the disadvantage that you cannot see exactly what the page will look like when printed without switching to a preview screen. However, newer programs have moved to graphical screens with a WYSIWYG display (what you see is what you get). This means that you see exactly what the printed page will look like as you type it, which is invaluable with more complex documents.

Typing is a keyboard activity, and all word processors allow functions to be selected by pressing various keys. This is both a strength and a weakness. Once you have learnt the key strokes of a particular program most people are reluctant to learn new ones. The Windows environment is starting to introduce uniformity between programs, with the same key strokes performing the same action. The mouse pointing device, which is used with windows and other graphical interfaces, is used to simplify adjustments to the page and to duplicate control of many standard functions. Although it is easier to learn to use, the …
Beta-adrenergic Responsiveness of Choroidal Vasculature
Authors: Alana L. Grajewski, Gabryleda Ferrari-Dileo, William J. Feuer, Douglas R. Anderson
Journal: Ophthalmology (1991)

Using in vitro binding methods and autoradiographs, the authors showed that choroidal vessels specifically bind iodine 125 cyanopindolol, a nonselective blocker of beta-adrenergic receptors, in albino rabbits. In humans, the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors in choroidal vessels was confirmed by showing an increased choroidal vascular tone after systemic administration of timolol maleate, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Topically administered timolol maleate lowered the intraocular pressure but did not reach the choroidal receptors in sufficient quantity to produce a measurable effect on vascular tone.
Fingerprint Changes in Coeliac Disease
Authors: J. Verbov
Journal: BMJ (1971)

admission she was hypothermic (93 °F, 34GC, rectal), extremely dehydrated, blood pressure 120/ 80 mm Hg and pulse rate 66/minute.She was drowsy and confused.The plasma potassium was 5-2 mEq/l., urea 150 mg/ 100 ml, bicarbonate 5 mEq/l.and blood glucose 600 mg/ 100 ml.Arterial Po2 was 92 and Pco, 13 mm Hg with a pH of less than 6-8.The Ketostix test on
Adult neural stem cells expressing IL-10 confer potent immunomodulation and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Jingxian Yang, Zhilong Jiang, Denise C. Fitzgerald, Cungen Ma, Shuo Yu, Hongmei Li, Zhao Zhao, Yonghai Li, Bogoljub Ciric, Mark Curtis, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Guang-Xian Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) derived from the subventricular zone of the brain show therapeutic effects in EAE, an animal model of the chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease MS; however, the beneficial effects are modest. One critical weakness of aNSC therapy may be an insufficient antiinflammatory effect. Here, we demonstrate that i.v. or i.c.v. injection of aNSCs engineered to secrete IL-10 (IL-10-aNSCs), a potent immunoregulatory cytokine, induced more profound functional and pathological recovery from ongoing EAE than that with control aNSCs. IL-10-aNSCs exhibited enhanced antiinflammatory effects in the periphery and inflammatory foci in the CNS compared with control aNSCs, more effectively reducing myelin damage, a hallmark of MS. When compared with mice treated with control aNSCs, those treated with IL-10-aNSCs demonstrated differentiation of transplanted cells into greater numbers of oligodendrocytes and neurons but fewer astrocytes, thus enhancing exogenous remyelination and neuron/axonal growth. Finally, IL-10-aNSCs converted a hostile environment to one supportive of neurons/oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting endogenous remyelination. Thus, aNSCs engineered to express IL-10 show enhanced ability to induce immune suppression, remyelination, and neuronal repair and may represent a novel approach that can substantially improve the efficacy of neural stem cell-based therapy in EAE/MS.
Multivariate genetic analysis of blood pressure and body size. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.
Authors: R M Schieken, M Mosteller, M M Goble, W B Moskowitz, J K Hewitt, L J Eaves, W E Nance
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND In subjects of all ages, those who weigh the most often have the highest blood pressure. Thus, in epidemiological studies, weight is the most important correlate of blood pressure. Using the data from the Medical College of Virginia Twin Study, we asked these questions: 1) Do the same genetic paths that regulate body size also regulate systolic and diastolic blood pressure? 2) Are there distinct genetic pathways that regulate each of these variables? 3) Does environment play a major regulatory role? 4) Are the correlations among these variables mainly due to genetic or environmental effects? 5) Do genetic paths that regulate body size mediate the correlation between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure? METHODS AND RESULTS We ascertained 253 Caucasian twin pairs living in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The average age was 11.2 +/- 0.2 years. We used multivariate path analyses to investigate the genetic relations among systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body size. We found that there was a highly significant genetic relation between systolic blood pressure and body size and between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There are genetic paths that are shared within these two sets of variables, but in each case, the paths for each pair appear to be separate from one another. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provide a method to partition correlation coefficients found in epidemiological studies into genetic and environmental components. The correlations found among these three variables are in large part due to these genetic relations. We found no genetic relation between diastolic blood pressure and body size.
Innate and adaptive immune responses in HCV infections
Authors: Markus H. Heim, Robert Thimme
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis C virus has been identified a quarter of a decade ago as a leading cause of chronic viral hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a minority of patients can clear the virus spontaneously during acute infection. Elimination of HCV during acute infection correlates with a rapid induction of innate, especially interferon (IFN) induced genes, and a delayed induction of adaptive immune responses. However, the majority of patients is unable to clear the virus and develops viral persistence in face of an ongoing innate and adaptive immune response. The virus has developed several strategies to escape these immune responses. For example, to escape innate immunity, the HCV NS3/4A protease can efficiently cleave and inactivate two important signalling molecules in the sensory pathways that react to HCV pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce IFNs, i.e., the mitochondrial anti-viral signalling protein (MAVS) and the Toll-IL-1 receptor-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Despite these escape mechanisms, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are induced in a large proportion of patients with chronic infection. Of note, chronically HCV infected patients with constitutive IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression have a poor response to treatment with pegylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin. The mechanisms that protect HCV from IFN-mediated innate immune reactions are not entirely understood, but might involve blockade of ISG protein translation at the ribosome, localization of viral replication to cell compartments that are not accessible to anti-viral IFN-stimulated effector systems, or direct antagonism of effector systems by viral proteins. Escape from adaptive immune responses can be achieved by emergence of viral escape mutations that avoid recognition by antibodies and T cells. In addition, chronic infection is characterized by the presence of functionally and phenotypically altered NK and T cell responses that are unable to clear the virus but most likely contribute to the ongoing liver disease. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in determining the outcome of HCV infection.
Inhibiting stromal cell heparan sulfate synthesis improves stem cell mobilization and enables engraftment without cytotoxic conditioning
Authors: Borja Saez, Francesca Ferraro, Rushdia Z. Yusuf, Colleen M. Cook, Vionnie W. C. Yu, Ana Pardo-Saganta, Stephen M. Sykes, Rahul Palchaudhuri, Amir Schajnovitz, Sutada Lotinun, Stefania Lymperi, Simon Mendez-Ferrer, Raquel del Toro, Robyn Day, Radovan Vasic, Sanket S. Acharya, Roland Baron, Charles P. Lin, Yu Yamaguchi, Amy J. Wagers, David T. Scadden
Journal: Blood (2014)
Bears in a Forest of Gene Trees: Phylogenetic Inference Is Complicated by Incomplete Lineage Sorting and Gene Flow
Authors: Verena E. Kutschera, Tobias Bidon, Frank Hailer, Julia L. Rodi, Steven R. Fain, Axel Janke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Ursine bears are a mammalian subfamily that comprises six morphologically and ecologically distinct extant species. Previous phylogenetic analyses of concatenated nuclear genes could not resolve all relationships among bears, and appeared to conflict with the mitochondrial phylogeny. Evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and introgression can cause gene tree discordance and complicate phylogenetic inferences, but are not accounted for in phylogenetic analyses of concatenated data. We generated a high-resolution data set of autosomal introns from several individuals per species and of Y-chromosomal markers. Incorporating intraspecific variability in coalescence-based phylogenetic and gene flow estimation approaches, we traced the genealogical history of individual alleles. Considerable heterogeneity among nuclear loci and discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies were found. A species tree with divergence time estimates indicated that ursine bears diversified within less than 2 My. Consistent with a complex branching order within a clade of Asian bear species, we identified unidirectional gene flow from Asian black into sloth bears. Moreover, gene flow detected from brown into American black bears can explain the conflicting placement of the American black bear in mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies. These results highlight that both incomplete lineage sorting and introgression are prominent evolutionary forces even on time scales up to several million years. Complex evolutionary patterns are not adequately captured by strictly bifurcating models, and can only be fully understood when analyzing multiple independently inherited loci in a coalescence framework. Phylogenetic incongruence among gene trees hence needs to be recognized as a biologically meaningful signal.
Hyperthyroidism Due to Toxic, Intrathoracic Thyroid Tissue with Absent Cervical Thyroid Gland
Authors: KILLOL THAKORE, JOHNATHAN VANSANT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A rare case of hyperthyroidism caused by intrathoracic, toxic thyroid tissue in the absence of cervical thyroid tissue is reported. A 34-year-old woman with laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism (free thyroxine = 3.6 ng/dl and thyroid-stimulating hormone = 0 μlU/ml) and a clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease was referred for thyroid evaluation. Physical examination failed to reveal palpable thyroid gland in the neck. A routine 1–123 thyroid scan revealed radioiodine uptake only in the retrosternal and left mediastinal regions, with no uptake in the cervical thyroid region. The importance of obtaining additional images when cervical thyroid gland activity is not appreciated is illustrated in this case.
The Mother as a Source of Neonatal Staphylococci
Authors: Emanuel Wolinsky, Antonio J. Gonzaga, Edward A. Mortimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

OBSERVATIONS of the natural history of epidemic staphylococcal disease in newborn nurseries and studies of the transmission of staphylococci to newborn infants have clearly shown that the sources of most strains are other infants or nursery personnel. Although it has been established that the general population includes many nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus 1 it is not known how often carrier mothers transmit these organisms to their infants. The following data, obtained during the course of studies of the transmission of staphylococci among newborn infants, indicate the frequency with which such organisms are acquired by the newborn infant from the mother. . . .
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Ischemia
Authors: SUNG M. KIM, CHAN H. PARK, CHARLES M. INTENZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

We present a patient with exercise induced right ventricular ischemia demonstrated on stress TI-201 myocardial scintiscan. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, and subtotal occlusion was found at the proximal right coronary artery. Repeat stress TI-201 scan became normal following the successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
1039-205 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Warden versus non-warden in a contemporaneous surgical cohort
Authors: Camille L Hancock Friesen, Andrea Schnell, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Pedro J del Nido, Joseph M Forbess, Richard A Jonas, John E Mayer, J Keane, Michael F Flanagan, Emile Bacha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Intravascular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Capture Bacteria from the Bloodstream during Sepsis
Authors: Braedon McDonald, Rossana Urrutia, Bryan G. Yipp, Craig N. Jenne, Paul Kubes
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

During the systemic inflammatory response of severe sepsis, neutrophils accumulate in the liver microcirculation, but their functional significance is largely unknown. We show that neutrophils migrate to liver sinusoids during endotoxemia and sepsis where they exert protective effects by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are DNA-based structures that capture and eliminate microbes. NETs released into the vasculature ensnare bacteria from the bloodstream and prevent dissemination. NET production requires platelet-neutrophil interactions and can be inhibited by platelet depletion or disruption of integrin-mediated platelet-neutrophil binding. During sepsis, NET release increases bacterial trapping by 4-fold (beyond the basal level provided by resident intravascular macrophages). Blocking NET formation reduces the capture of circulating bacteria during sepsis, resulting in increased dissemination to distant organs. Thus, NETs ensnare circulating bacteria and provide intravascular immunity that protects against bacterial dissemination during septic infections.
Treatment With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Enables Repeated Administration of Vaccinia Virus for Control of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chih-Long Chang, Barbara Ma, Xiaowu Pang, T-C Wu, Chien-Fu Hung
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Metastatic ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies in the United States. The lack of effective treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer warrants development of innovative therapies. Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses represents a promising new approach for controlling tumors. Vaccinia virus has been shown to preferentially infect tumor cells but not normal tissue. However, oncolytic therapy using recombinant viruses faces the limitation of viral clearance due to generation of neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we found that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors circumvented this limitation, enabling repeated administration of vaccinia virus without losing infectivity. We quantified the antivaccinia antibody response using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization assays to show that treatment of Cox-2 inhibitors inhibited the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we showed that combination treatment of Cox-2 inhibitors with vaccinia virus was more effective that either treatment alone in treating MOSEC/luc tumor-bearing mice. Thus, the combination of Cox-2 inhibitors and vaccinia virus represents a potential innovative approach to controlling ovarian tumors.
Abstract 4622: Targeting MYCN in Neuroblastoma by BET Bromodomain Inhibition.
Authors: Alexandre Puissant, Stacey M. Frumm, Gabriela Alexe, Christopher F. Bassil, Jun Qi, Yvan H. Chanthery, Erin A. Nekritz, Rhamy Zeid, W. Clay Gustafson, Patricia Greninger, Matthew J. Garnett, Ultan McDermott, Cyril H. Benes, Andrew L. Kung, William A. Weiss, James E. Bradner, Kimberly Stegmaier
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bromodomain inhibition comprises a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer, particularly for hematologic malignancies. To date, however, genomic biomarkers to direct clinical translation have been lacking. We conducted a cell-based screen of genetically-defined cancer cell lines using a prototypical inhibitor of BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) bromodomains. Integration of genetic features with chemosensitivity data revealed a robust correlation between MYCN amplification and sensitivity to bromodomain inhibition. We characterized the mechanistic and translational significance of this finding in neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with frequent amplification of MYCN. Genome-wide expression analysis demonstrated downregulation of the MYCN transcriptional program accompanied by suppression of MYCN transcription, and a BET Bromodomain inhibitor was found to displace BRD4 from the MYCN promoter region in neuroblastoma cell lines. Functionally, bromodomain-mediated inhibition of MYCN impaired growth and induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma. BRD4 knock-down phenocopied these effects, establishing BET bromodomains as transcriptional regulators of MYCN. BET inhibition conferred a significant survival advantage in three in vivo neuroblastoma models, providing a compelling rationale for developing BET bromodomain inhibitors in patients with neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Alexandre Puissant, Stacey M. Frumm, Gabriela Alexe, Christopher F. Bassil, Jun Qi, Yvan H. Chanthery, Erin A. Nekritz, Rhamy Zeid, W. Clay Gustafson, Patricia Greninger, Matthew J. Garnett, Ultan McDermott, Cyril H. Benes, Andrew L. Kung, William A. Weiss, James E. Bradner, Kimberly Stegmaier. Targeting MYCN in Neuroblastoma by BET Bromodomain Inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4622
THE CONVERSION OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI TO NON-HEMOLYTIC FORMS
Authors: E. W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

From one strain of hemolytic streptococcus three forms were isolated, which produced three different degrees of hemolysis on the surface of blood agar in the presence of oxygen. The original form was moderately hemolytic; the glossy variant was more hemolytic than the original form; and the third form, obtained by passing the original culture through mice, was non-hemolytic. Under anaerobic conditions all three forms were hemolytic. The non-hemolytic passage culture, in the presence of an ample supply of oxygen, not only destroyed its own hemolysin, which only appeared under anaerobic conditions, but was also able to destroy the hemolysin of other cultures of hemolytic streptococci. It is possible that these observations may throw some light on experiments reported by a number of workers showing that Streptococcus hæmolyticus can be transmuted to Streptococcus viridans by animal passage.
Complex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Q wave versus non-Q wave myocardial infarction.
Authors: A S Maisel, N Scott, E Gilpin, S Ahnve, M Le Winter, H Henning, D Collins, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We examined whether or not subsets of patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction are at high risk with respect to 1 year mortality after hospital discharge. Based on previous studies showing increased risk for those with non-Q wave infarcts, we hypothesized that complex PVCs (premature ventricular complexes) in this group might be associated with a poorer prognosis than complex PVCs in patients with Q wave infarcts. Seven hundred seventy-seven patients entering our study with acute infarction were followed prospectively for 1 year after undergoing a predischarge 24 hr ambulatory electrocardiographic examination. Patients were classified by electrocardiographic criteria into the following groups: Non-Q wave (n = 191), Q wave anterior (n = 261), and Q wave inferior infarction (n = 325). The following arrhythmias were classified as complex: multiform PVCs, couplets, and ventricular tachycardia. Sixty-two percent of patients with non-Q wave infarcts who did not survive 1 year had complex PVCs, compared with 32% of survivors (p less than .01). No differences were seen in the Q wave subgroup. The survival for patients with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction without complex PVCs were nearly identical at 1 year (93% and 90%), whereas in patients with complex PVCs survival for those with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction was 92% and 76%, respectively (p less than .001). Of those with non-Q wave infarction, only 4% of nonsurvivors were free of any PVCs, as compared with 28% of nonsurvivors in the Q wave group (p less than .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)