tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to A. Levy et al
Authors: Åsa Wickberg, Lars Holmberg, Hans-Olov Adami, Anders Magnuson, Kenneth Villman, Göran Liljegren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We thank Levy et al for their thoughtful comments on our latest publication from the Uppsala/Orebro trial recently published in Journal of Clinical Oncology. This time we used the primary end point (first recurrence of any type) on request from the reviewers. But we have also made analyses according to competing event models as suggested by Levy et al. During the first 10 years of follow-up, a local recurrence appeared in 57 patients, 13 of whom had been randomly assigned to the radiation therapy (XRT) group. After a minimum follow-up of 20 years, an additional 18 women experienced local recurrence, and 10 of them belonged to the XRT group. We also made separate analyses in four time periods (0 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, and 15 years). In the XRT group compared with the non-XRT group, the hazard ratios for local recurrence were 0.11, 0.86, 0.57, and 1.33, respectively. We do not state that local recurrences do not appear after the first 5-year period but that they occur at about the same rate in both groups. When we further analyzed our data with smoothing hazards (and a bandwith of 1 year in STATA) we found indeed no evidence of any appreciable difference between the XRT and the no-XRT group after 7 years of follow-up (Fig 1). Analysis of tumor markers, presented in our 10-year follow-up were not updated because they were based on old methods for grading and receptor analyses that are no longer used in routine pathology. Instead, we are now retrieving tissue blocks from all patients and plan to analyze them using modern grading and immunologic methods, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu. These future analyses may offer some insights that would help distinguish patients with early and late recurrences. They will also allow us to compare the biologic features of primary and recurrent tumors.
Prelinguistic evolution and motherese: A hypothesis on the neural substrates
Authors: Francisco Aboitiz, Carolina G Schröter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In early hominins, there possibly was high selective pressure for the development of reciprocal mother and child vocalizations such as proposed by Falk. In this context, temporoparietal-prefrontal networks that participate in tasks such as working memory and imitation may have been strongly selected for. These networks may have become the precursors of the future language areas of the human brain.
INTESTINAL PERFORATION IN TYPHOID FEVER.WITH REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: WALTER COURTNEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In the general consideration of intestinal perforation in typhoid fever, it may not be amiss to compare it with appendicitis, relative to the surgical history of both. Without going into the earlier history of these pathologic conditions, it will be sufficient to consider them from the time they were prominently brought to the notice of the medical profession. The epoch-making contribution on appendicitis, by Fitz of Boston, appeared in 1886. What ought, equally, to have been the awakening call in regard to typhoid perforation was made by Leyden of Berlin, in 1884, and again in 1886 by Wilson of Philadelphia. What has happened meanwhile? An enthusiastic and glorious achievement for the surgery of appendicitis and only faltering and apathetic efforts in the direction of typhoid perforation; thousands of successful operations annually for the former, and, the world's record in 1904, 362 reported operations on the latter. Why have we been
d'Abreu's Practice of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Paul A. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This is a fine text dealing with lesions of the lung, thoracic cavity, esophagus, and heart. A strong feature is the excellent, complete approach to the disease entity, and the step-by-step reasoning regarding therapy. The very practical text offers an immense number of therapeutic opinions to the practicing surgeon. The book has good chapters on esophageal and pulmonary disorders as well as on the approach to abscesses of the chest and diaphragm. The noteworthy illustrations and the systematic approach to these areas will benefit any student or surgeon interested in thoracic and esophageal disease. The sections on cardiac disease are a little less detailed but give an overview of the goal of the surgical treatment, eg, when a palliative or a corrective procedure is indicated in congenital heart disease. The illustrations, precise and diagrammatic, adequately demonstrate the pathophysiology of the congenital, acquired, and coronary sections. Overall, the book is of
Ultrasound in Evaluation of Pelvic Mass
Authors: David Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I may have misunderstood the purpose of the article by Wang et al.<sup>1</sup>It may have been a simple presentation of a neurofibroma. However, their description of a 23-year-old woman found to have a firm, tender, fixed adnexal mass approximately 7 cm in diameter gave the impression that ultrasonography is useful in the preoperative evaluation. I contend that ultrasound has limited, if any, application in the evaluation of a palpable 7-cm pelvic mass. Ultrasound, according to Wang et al, "provides a rapid, relatively accurate diagnosis of a pelvic mass when other methods fail to offer a definitive answer." I assume they mean other noninvasive techniques for the definitive answer. Relative accuracy is just not adequate when considering a 7-cm mass. Definite histological diagnosis is mandatory. Although preoperative tests such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in similar cases may serve educational and financial needs, they rarely
Endoscopic Removal of Sharp Foreign Bodies Impacted in the Esophagus
Authors: Y T Jeen, H J Chun, C W Song, S H Um, S W Lee, J H Choi, C D Kim, H S Ryu, J H Hyun
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus can be very difficult to manage. When attempts are made to remove such objects inappropriately, life-threatening complications such as perforation can occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic removal of impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus using proximal dilatation with an oral side balloon or transparent cap.A total of 22 patients (10 men, 12 women) with impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus underwent endoscopic extraction. The following technique was successfully performed at our hospital. An oral side balloon (Top Co., Japan) for esophageal variceal sclerotherapy was attached to the distal part of the endoscope. With the patient under local anesthesia, the endoscope was inserted as far as the proximal part of the esophageal foreign body. The oral side balloon was then gradually inflated. Dilatation of the proximal part of the esophagus made it possible to release the impacted sharp foreign body from the esophageal wall. A transparent cap was used for foreign bodies in the upper esophagus when there were difficulties with the oral side balloon.The types of foreign body removed were fish bones (n = 9), press-through packages (n = 8), chicken bones (n =3), dentures (n = 1), and a wrist watch (n = 1). Endoscopic removal was successful in all but one of the cases, in which a fish bone had to be extracted surgically.The proximal dilatation method using an oral side balloon or transparent cap is safe and effective in removing sharp foreign bodies from the esophagus, avoiding surgery and possible perforation.
The Effects of a Malpractice Suit Upon Physicians in Connecticut
Authors: Robert L. Wyckoff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN THIS ERA of general appreciation of the seriousness of malpractice litigation there is an interest among those engaged in the administration of justice and those engaged in the practice of medicine in what happens to the physician defendant in a malpractice action. In most instances this interest is not restricted to nor satisfied by analysis of the dollar value of judgments entered but extends to the effect of such a suit upon a physician in his practice, his privileges, his social and community life, and even his enjoyment in the practice of medicine and in living. Such a comprehensive study has not previously been reported. It is the object of this study to supply information, scientifically gathered and analyzed, designed to reduce the vicissitude of speculation on these topics. With the consent of the Connecticut State Medical Society and with the cooperation of the Yale University School of
Accuracy and value of the Hemoccult test in symptomatic patients.
Authors: R J Leicester, A Lightfoot, J Millar, D G Colin-Jones, R H Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Hemoccult faecal occult blood testing is widely advocated as a screening test for colorectal cancer but few studies have shown its correlation with conventional methods of investigation for colorectal disease. In a prospective study of 802 symptomatic patients with suspected colorectal disease there was good patient compliance (92.5%) and a high specificity for colorectal cancer (85.4%). The false positive rate was 8.6% (12 of 140 patients with positive results), and while the test result was positive in 22 of 26 colonic cancers the false negative rate for rectal cancer (45.4%) should not detract from its value as a screening test if proper digital anorectal and proctosigmoidoscopic examination are widely practised. A positive Hemoccult test result is a useful indicator for the need to proceed to full colorectal investigation, including colonoscopy.
Chronic administration of cyclosporin a induces a decrease in hepatic excretory function in man. A study in heart transplanted patients with normal liver biochemistry
Authors: J.F. Cadranel, S. Erlinger, P. Grippon, F. Lunel, M. Desruenne, C. Cabrol, P. Valla, P. Opolon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
PROBLEM OF THE NEAR DEAF AND THE DEAF
Authors: CHARLES W. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In the otologic field, during the last forty years, we have made masterful progress along many lines; but in the field of the humanitarian aspect, in sociology of the near deaf and the deaf, we have not as a body shown that aptitude and endeavor that becomes us as one of the great specialties of medicine. It has been the experience in many lines of medical endeavor that the medical profession has been too much engrossed with the scientific study and the practical application of deduction drawn therefrom to give its attention as much as desired to the prevention, humanitarian and sociological problems that lie before but just outside its actual line of endeavor. As a result of this want of interest and thorough consideration of the near medical problems which have and are constantly arising, many lay organizations have been created, which threatened or have taken away from the
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR ACTIVATION WITH LIRAGLUTIDE DURING MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA DECREASES INFARCT SIZE AND IMPROVES SYSTOLIC LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Torsten Vahl, Carlos Santos-Gallego, Teresa Arias, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Javier Sanz, Martin Goldman, Partho Sengupta, Roger Hajjar, Valentin Fuster, Juan Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increasing Referral and Participation Rates to Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Valuable Role of Healthcare Professionals in the Inpatient and Home Health Settings
Authors: Ross Arena, Mark Williams, Daniel E. Forman, Lawrence P. Cahalin, Lola Coke, Jonathan Myers, Larry Hamm, Penny Kris-Etherton, Reed Humphrey, Vera Bittner, Carl J. Lavie
Journal: Circulation (2012)
The pleasures of deep reading
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

represents the first time that WHO has used its constitutional authority to develop a legal instrument for improving health.Drawing on scientific evidence, the convention includes measures relating to reducing the demand for tobacco (price and tax measures, restrictions on tobacco advertising) and the supply of tobacco (restriction of sales to minors, economically viable alternatives for growers).The authors state that these interventions could reduce the global burden of disease attributable to tobacco by up to 60%.
Ultrasound guided cytological aspiration of supraclavicular lymph nodes in patients with suspected lung cancer
Authors: M Kumaran
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the UK. Pathological diagnosis traditionally requires invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, or image guided biopsy. Ultrasound of the neck with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of enlarged but impalpable supraclavicular nodes has been used in patients with suspected lung cancer who have N2 or N3 disease on staging computed tomography (CT). If positive, this technique helps to both stage the patient and provide a cytological diagnosis. <b>Methods:</b> 101 patients were enrolled prospectively over a 1 year period. FNAC was performed on all supraclavicular nodes over 5 mm in size using the capillary aspiration technique. <b>Results:</b> Sixty one of the 101 patients had enlarged supraclavicular nodes and underwent FNAC. The overall malignant yield was 45.5% of patients scanned and 75.4% of patients sampled. As a result of FNAC, 43 patients (42.6%) avoided more invasive procedures. <b>Conclusion:</b> Ultrasound guided FNAC is a promising, relatively non-invasive technique for the staging and diagnosis of patients with lung cancer.
Abstract 5375: Reestablishing cell cycle control in breast cancers through therapeutic CDK4/6 inhibition
Authors: Jeffry L. Dean, Chellappagounder Thangavel, A. Kathleen McClendon, Adam Ertel, Erik S. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract One hallmark of cancer is the deregulation of cell cycle machinery, which ultimately serves to promote aberrant proliferation that fuels tumorigenesis and progression. Particularly, the cyclin D1/Rb/E2F axis plays a crucial role in the development of disease by serving to connect aberrant mitogenic signaling with cell cycle transcriptional programs. In this context, the role of estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancers has been previously described to exert influence upstream of this axis. While first-line strategies targeting ER activity are prevalent and initially effective in the majority of ER-positive breast cancers, acquired resistance and therapeutic failure remain a major clinical challenge. Current analyses have revealed that cell cycle progression is effectively uncoupled from the activity and functional state of ER in these models. As a gene expression signature of cyclin D/Rb/E2F-dysfunction was found to be associated with luminal B breast cancers (which are known to exhibit a relatively poor response to endocrine therapy), the prevalence of ER dysfunction occurring upstream of cyclin D1 suggests that targeting CDK 4/6 activity may be effective. To this end, we examined the therapeutic response to a CDK 4/6 inhibitor (PD-0332991) in human breast cancer cell lines and demonstrated a highly-specific role for Rb in mediating this response, which was dependent on transcriptional repression manifest through E2F activity. These analyses additionally demonstrated that the chronic loss of Rb can promote evolution to a CDK4/6-independent state and near complete resistance to PD-0332991. In addition to these studies, model systems of ER-positive breast cancers with differential susceptibility to endocrine therapy were employed to define common nodes for new therapeutic interventions. These collective findings suggest that suppression of cyclin D-supported kinase activity and restoration of Rb-mediated transcriptional repression could represent a viable therapeutic option in tumors that fail to respond to hormone-based therapies. Consistent with this hypothesis, CDK4/6 inhibiton was effective at suppressing the proliferation of all hormone refractory models analyzed. Combined, these findings underscore the clinical utility of mediating aberrant cell cycle progression through down-stream cytostatic therapies in treating tumors that have experienced failure of first line and endocrine-based therapy, and provide rationale for incorporation of CDK 4/6 inhibition into current existing therapeutic regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5375
A technique to expose animals to concentrated fine ambient aerosols.
Authors: C Sioutas, P Koutrakis, R M Burton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an ambient particle concentrator for conducting animal inhalation exposure studies. The system utilizes the principle of virtual impactors to concentrate ambient particles in the size range 0.1-2.5 microns (aerodynamic diameter; dp) by drawing them through a series of three virtual impactors. Each impactor contains the majority of ambient fine mass (dp < 2.5 microns aerodynamic diameter) in a bleed flow (minor flow) that is 20% of the total flow entering the virtual impactor. The virtual impactors have been characterized using indoor air samples as test aerosols. Fine mass and sulfate concentrations at the outlet of the concentrating system were compared to the ambient fine mass and sulfate levels, which were determined using Harvard-Marple impactors. In each of the stages, particle concentration was increased by a factor of approximately 3. Thus, an overall concentration factor of about 25-30 was achieved. The main goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting animal exposures using the newly developed ambient fine particle concentrator.
When TV damned the drug regulators
Authors: Patrick Waller
Journal: BMJ (2004)

O n Sunday 3 October the BBC screened its third Panorama documentary about the antidepressant paroxetine (Seroxat). This was strongly critical of the work of the British regulatory body responsible for medicines, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). A multitude of plausible sounding experts and commentators had been assembled to impart some clear messages—there are big problems with paroxetine and the regulators have messed up big time. The programme claimed that the MHRA had overlooked vital information about paroxetine that suggested it could increase suicidal feelings in all age groups. Richard Brook, the chief executive of the charity MIND, stated on the Panorama website that the agency was “either guilty of extreme negligence or worse dishonesty” (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/default.stm). That is a serious accusation and, if the thrust of this programme is correct, we should all be worried about the medicines we prescribe, recommend, or take.

> To be told on television that I and many colleagues do not care is galling 

I have …
A METHOD OF PRODUCING RAPID AND FATAL INTOXICATION WITH BACTERIAL PRODUCTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHOLERA VIBRIO
Authors: W. J. Penfold, H. Violle
Journal: BMJ (1914)

_"B I4 1=4 XMlIA JORA 3 ___3 op.erations during pregn9ancy shl0ould only be donie whlen neessary, lest abortion ensue, butt by steadying the mus- etilar and nervous systems by anaesthesia, even suelh operations as myomectomy and ovariotomv caln be safely performned.Abortion follows 50 per cent. of nmyomec- tomies, buit rarely follows ovariotomy.Operations for appendicitis complicating early pregnancy do nlot usually cause abortion, but in the later montlhs premature labour tusually results.FETAL CAU'SES. A. DiLVELOPMENTAL CAUISES OF FETAL DEATH.A very large number of deaths occur during the first few days or weeks after the ovtum is fertilized.The humaniembryo is then merely a nmass of cells gradually being placed in defined grouLps, and uindergoing specific changes in character.A faulty grouping oi position of tllese emibryonic cells leads to serious subsequent le- formity, or if the attachments to the motlher be at fault, to failuire in nutrition and early death of the fetus.I hlave already alluded to developmental defects as a result of inidustrial occupation during gestation.Many early abor- tions appear to be due to haemorrhages from the early chorio-deeidual -spaces,-leading to diffuse clots, which, toaetlher with the early ovum, are expelled at the date of thie next period without any attempt at the formation of an organized blood-mole, which would be found in the second or third month.I do not-alluide to developmental errors in the placenta or cord, the presence of which could not be detected before birtlh.B. PATHOLOGICAL FETAL CONDITIONS.
Case 37-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A seventy-six-year-old woman entered the hospital because of chest pain. During the five weeks before admission she experienced nonradiating substernal pain on exertion; it was relieved by rest, but not by pentaerythritol tetranitrate therapy. An electrocardiogram taken on the day before entry showed no abnormality. Seven hours before admission persistent, severe, nonradiating substernal pain occurred, with accompanying weakness, nausea and moderate perspiration. There was no history of ankle edema or orthopnea. One year previously elevation of the blood pressure was observed. Physical examination showed an agitated, pale, obese woman in acute distress, with shallow respirations and substernal . . .
"High single-dose' European PUVA regimen also causes an excess of non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: I. BRUYNZEEL, W. BERGMAN, H.M. HARTEVELT, C.C.A. KENTER, E.A. VELDE, A.A. SCHOTHORST, D. SUURMOND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We report the results of a long-term (12.8 years) follow-up study of the detection of malignant and benign skin tumours in patients with psoriasis, who were treated with PUVA according to the European, 'high single-dose' regimen. A total of 13 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 24 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) were diagnosed in 11 of 260 patients. The incidence of both SCC and BCC was increased in comparison with the general Dutch population. The ratio of SCC to BCC in the general population was 1:8 but was 1:2.5 in our study group. A positive correlation was observed between the development of SCC and the total UVA dosage, the age of the patient at the start of the PUVA treatment and a history of arsenic use. This dose-related increase in the incidence of SCC, reported in studies from the U.S.A., has not been found in earlier European studies. The average time period between the start of PUVA therapy and the diagnosis of the first malignant skin tumour was 6.0 years for SCC and 4.7 years for BCC. Among the 49 benign skin tumours were actinic keratoses, a keratoacanthoma and 'PUVA keratoses', a newly described hyperkeratotic lesion, especially found in PUVA-treated patients.