tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anterior asymmetry and the neurobiology of behavioral approach circuitry
Authors: John P. Kline
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Depue &amp; Collins [D&amp;C] propose a well-conceived and nicely detailed theory of the involvement of dopaminergic connections in extraversion. Since these systems are hypothesized to be associated with reward sensitivity, other neural systems that are involved with reward sensitivity should be considered as well. In this commentary it is argued that there is now enough evidence for the involvement of the left and right frontal regions of the brain in approach and withdrawal behavior that it should also be considered in theories of personality such as D&amp;C's. Integration of predominantly subcortical and cortical theories of personality/brain function may produce a more comprehensive picture of temperament and personality.
Dustborne Fungal Diversity in Middle-Income Homes in New York City and Determinants for Domestic Exposure
Authors: Luis M. Acosta, Nitzan Soffer, Adnan Divjan, Merissa McGraw-Boitnotte, Edward Sobek, Angela R. Lemons, Matthew S. Perzanowski, Brett J. Green
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

RATIONALE: Recent advances in quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodologies help overcome limitations associated with traditional methods of fungal exposure assessment and provide a sensitive and specific approach to evaluate and quantify fungal diversity.We hypothesize that abundance/types of domestic dustborne fungi vary across NYC middle-income housing by neighborhood, home habits and housing type.METHODS: In this study, 7-8 year-old children (n5347) living in higher (11-18%) and lower (3-9%) asthma prevalence neighborhoods (HAPN and LAPN, respectively) were recruited as part of the New York City (NYC) Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study, an asthma case-control study.Bedroom floor dust from homes in HAPN (n5139) and LAPN (n5142) were collected and analyzed by qPCR for 36 fungal species (Environmental Relative Moldiness Index panel).Differences in fungal abundances were tested across factors chosen a prioribased on their potential to influence mold growth.RESULTS: Due to low abundances of fungi in dust samples (<10 spores/ mg, >10% per sample), 20 of 36 fungal species were included in statistical tests.The abundance of Mucor amphibiorum and Cladosporium sphaerospermum were both reduced in homes where shoe removal was reported (p <0.01).Only Penicillium glabrum was elevated with participant reports of indoor mold (p<0.01).Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium glabrum, Wallemia sebi and Alternaria alternatavaried by housing type (single, multi-family or apartment) and neighborhood asthma prevalence.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these preliminary results indicate that multiple environmental factors including anthropogenic behavior modification, housing type, and neighborhood are important variables that influence fungal diversity within middle-income homes in New York City.
Practice-Based Epidemiology: An Introduction
Authors: Joseph P. Frolkis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Partly in response to criticism from the traditional medical specialties, partly to define and legitimize its mission, and partly to upgrade the quality and scope of its research efforts, primary care medicine has wholeheartedly embraced its own set of "hard sciences." Epidemiology and clinical epidemiology, biostatistics, clinical decision analysis, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis—these disciplines seem to contribute an ever-growing share to both the professional vocabulary and self-esteem of primary care physicians. In this setting of growing interest and expertise and a proliferating literature, we are now offered<i>Practice-Based Epidemiology</i>. How does this new arrival differ from its siblings? What can it offer the practitioner? The academic? Above all, is it worth the time and effort a thorough reading requires? In reality, Schuman's book is not attempting to define new territory, but to restate fundamental epidemiologic principles in a way that makes them psychologically and professionally accessible to the clinician. This
A STUDY OF THE CARRIER CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE II PNEUMONIA IN A CAMP OF THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS 1
Authors: A. H. Harris, H. S. Ingraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

A veterans' camp of the Civilian Conservation Corps was opened in Madison County in New York State early in 1935; reforestation was the principal activity.The enrolled men were drawn in approximately equal numbers from civil life, from a veterans' camp in Vermont, and from one in New Jersey.A few came from a soldiers' home in a nearby county and a small number was transferred from other C.C.C. camps.Most of the men were between the ages of 37 and 49; the youngest was 32 and all but eight were under 50.The population had been in a continual state of flux.A large contingent from the camp in New Jersey arrived on November 21.From this date, however, until the investigation was con- cluded, on December 17, only one or two men entered.During the latter part of October and early November, the men had been confined to barracks and to the recreation building, where they were in close contact throughout several rainy days.At this time, over half of them developed respiratory infections, which in many instances were per- sisting when the first investigation was under- taken on December 8.The first case of pneumonia developed on No- vember 9, in the course of this epidemic of colds, in a camper who had been transferred from the New Jersey camp eight days previously.He was treated in the camp infirmary, the sputum was not typed, and following an uneventful recovery, he was discharged from camp.It is noteworthy that no Type II pneumonia had previously oc- curred at this New Jersey camp.Between No- vember 12 and December 1, six other cases of pneumonia developed in the Madison County camp, and still another occurred in a nearby vil-
REMARKS ON IRITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GONORRHOEAL IRITIS
Authors: W. M. Beaumont
Journal: BMJ (1908)

Water Hospital, 1902, for rheumatism in the knees, left foot, and wrists.There is a history of gonorrhoea, and he has had slight right iri-tias four days.The left eye shows signs of previous iritis.CASE xvi
Bone Marrow–Derived Cells Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Response to Pressure Overload
Authors: Jin Endo, Motoaki Sano, Jun Fujita, Kentaro Hayashida, Shinsuke Yuasa, Naoki Aoyama, Yuji Takehara, Osamu Kato, Shinji Makino, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Bone marrow (BM) cells possess broad differentiation potential and can form various cell lineages in response to pathophysiological cues. The present study investigated whether BM-derived cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the possible cellular mechanisms involved in such a role. Methods and Results— Lethally irradiated wild-type mice were transplanted with BM cells from enhanced green fluorescent protein–transgenic mice. The chimeric mice were subjected to either prolonged hypoxia or transverse aortic constriction. BM-derived enhanced green fluorescent protein–expressing cardiomyocytes increased in number over time, emerging predominantly in the pressure-overloaded ventricular myocardium, although they constituted &lt;0.01% of recipient cardiomyocytes. To determine whether BM-derived cardiomyocytes were derived from cell fusion or transdifferentiation at the single-cell level, lethally irradiated Cre mice were transplanted with BM cells from the double-conditional Cre reporter mouse line Z/EG. BM-derived cardiomyocytes were shown to arise from both cell fusion and transdifferentiation. Interestingly, BM-derived myofibroblasts expressing both vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin were concentrated in the perivascular fibrotic area. These cells initially expressed MAC-1/CD14 but lost expression of these markers during the chronic phase, which suggests that they were derived from monocytes. A similar phenomenon occurred in cultured human monocytes, most of which ultimately expressed vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusions— We found that BM-derived cells were involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy via the dual mechanisms of cell fusion and transdifferentiation. Moreover, the present results suggest that BM-derived monocytes accumulating in the perivascular space might play an important role in the formation of perivascular fibrosis via direct differentiation into myofibroblasts.
Are beta blockers and nifedipine safe?
Authors: I. H. Stockley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

distribution of consultant and other medical services throughout the country.Would it not be better to distribute the extra consultants and resources to those districts that have a disproportionately low level of consultant provision and yet can be seen to use their consultants efficiently?Kenneth Clarke stated on television that the "size of the GP list is probably the best indication of workload,."and the same could be said for consultants: catchment population per whole time equivalent consultant surgeon is probably the best indication of surgical workload.
A BACTERIOLOGIC STUDY OF THE PNEUMONIA OCCURRING AT CAMP PIKE, ARK.
Authors: GEORGE F. DICK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

7. Consolidation may begin at the roots or at the periphery.8. High diaphragm on the affected side is suggestive, but cannot be considered a constant sign.III.Bronchopneumonia : 1. Bronchopneumonia is more commonly unilateral than bilateral.2. The heart is usually not enlarged in broncho- pneumonia.3. Bronchopneumonia is often overlooked on physical examination, as the symptoms may be indefinite and noncharacteristic.
Monoclonal antibody to P-selectin (PB1.3) protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in the dog
Authors: L Y Chen, W W Nichols, J B Hendricks, B C Yang, J L Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to determine whether a monoclonal antibody directed at P-selectin (PB1.3) would diminish neutrophil accumulation and protect against decrease in coronary flow reserve and myocardial function after coronary occlusion-reperfusion. Methods: Sixteen open chest anaesthetised dogs were randomly given PB1.3 (2 mg·kg−1) or buffer intravenously after 50 min of total left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Ten minutes later, the artery was reperfused for 1 h. Coronary flow reserve was measured as peak reactive hyperaemic flow and as increase in coronary flow in response to acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate. Myocardial contractile fraction was measured by ultrasonic crystals. Neutrophil infiltration and oxidative burst in the reperfused area were also measured. Results: Coronary flow reserve and myocardial contractile function were markedly impaired in the supply region following left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion in the buffer treated dogs. In contrast, both coronary flow reserve and contractile fraction were preserved in PB1.3 treated dogs despite coronary occlusion-reperfusion. Myeloperoxidase, an index of neutrophil infiltration, was increased in the reperfused region in buffer treated dogs, but not in the PB1.3 treated dogs. Myocardial histology confirmed the reduction in neutrophil accumulation in the reperfused regions in PB1.3 treated dogs. Flow cytometry of the regions supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery showed a marked decrease in neutrophil oxidative burst in the reperfused region in these dogs. Conclusions: Antibody to P-selectin (PB1.3) protects against attenuation of coronary flow reserve and myocardial contractile function after coronary occlusion-reperfusion, and decreases neutrophil deposition and activation in the reperfused region. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1414-1422
The history of human food transfers: Tinbergen's other question
Authors: Jim Moore
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Emphasis on cross-cultural testing, multiple currencies, multivariate analyses, and levels of explanation makes this an important paper. However, it does not distinguish current function from evolutionary origin; it lacks history. Rather than distinct alternatives, tolerated scrounging (TS), costly signaling (CS), and reciprocal altruism (RA) are likely to be sequentially evolved components of a single integrated system (and kin selection (KS) important only among very close relatives).
Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of cognitive decline and need for long term care
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, independent of clinically overt stroke and baseline cognitive function, shows prospective evidence from an international study. The findings highlight the need to include cognitive and functional measures in clinical trials of patients with atrial fibrillation, suggest the authors. 

For the study, researchers from Canada, Italy, Ireland, and Australia conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials involving 31 546 patients ( CMAJ , 27 February, 2012, doi:10.1503/cmaj.111173). These trials evaluated the treatment with ramipril plus telmisartan (ONTARGET) and of telmisartan alone (TRANSCEND) in reducing cardiovascular disease. 

The investigators evaluated …
Role of Calcium in Necrotizing Pancreatitis Produced With Enzyme-Digested Blood
Authors: Marion C. Anderson, Robert J. Hays, Fredrick H. Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

EARLIER STUDIES have shown that incubated mixtures of autologous whole blood and either trypsin or pancreatic enzymes contain a highly toxic digestion product.<sup>1, 2</sup>Local injections of this material cause intense inflammatory responses regardless of the tissue involved. Enzyme-digested blood appears to exert its necrotizing properties by producing severe vasculitis.<sup>1</sup>Smaller arteries and veins are involved in an intense inflammatory reaction which appears to originate in the external layers and progress through the vessel wall. The adventitia undergoes coagulation necrosis; muscular fibers of the media are separated by edema fluid and infiltrated with inflammatory cells. The internal elastic membrane is swollen and often disrupted, and endothelial cells become pyknotic. Thrombi develop in the venous circulation, and the continuity of smaller vessels may be destroyed. These vascular changes are accompanied by an extensive loss of serosanguineous fluid into the intercellular spaces. Involved vessels are surrounded by a halo
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases, inhibits the receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoglycoproteins in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Masaru Harada, Shotaro Sakisaka, Masao Yoshitake, Motoaki Kin, Masahito Ohishi, Satoshi Shakado, Yoshihiro Mimura, Kazunori Noguchi, Michio Sata, Kyuichi Tanikawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Movement and distribution of arsenic in the Aberjona watershed.
Authors: H F Hemond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The distribution and movement of arsenic was investigated on the Aberjona watershed in eastern Massachusetts for the purpose of identifying where and by what processes present and past human exposures to this element could have occurred. It was found that although most of the arsenic was originally released in the headwaters of the watershed, extensive migration had occurred, and the potential for human exposure existed far from designated hazardous waste sites. Both surface water and groundwater were found to be important transport pathways; arsenic moved between these two media at several locations in the watershed, with hydrology and concomitant redox, sorption, and alkylation processes determining the observed patterns of arsenic movement. These findings demonstrate that risk assessments or remedial investigations restricted to designated sites or properties in a watershed may yield both an inaccurate picture of the overall risks presented by a chemical and a less-than-optimum focus for remedial efforts. Since total recovery of the arsenic on this watershed is probably not feasible, cost-effective management will also depend on an adequate understanding of arsenic biogeochemistry and hydrologic transport processes at the watershed scale. Because the Aberjona Watershed is typical of many urban, industrialized areas, these results suggest that the whole watershed often defines the appropriate unit for investigation of chemical contamination in the environment.
Molecular genetic diversity and evolution at the MHC DQB locus in four species of pinnipeds
Authors: A. R. Hoelzel, J. C. Stephens, S. J. O'Brien
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Variation was investigated at exon 2 (including part of the putative peptide-binding region) of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DQB locus for two congeneric phocid seal species and two congeneric otariid seal species. Polymorphism in one phocid species, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), was comparable to that seen in human populations, while the other phocid, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), has been through a severe population bottleneck and exhibited much less variation at this locus. A phylogenetic comparison of the four species was consistent with the trans-specific pattern of evolution described for other taxa at this locus, and relative nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates suggest the maintenance of polymorphisms by natural selection. A comparison of sequence patterns also suggested that some variation could have been generated through recombinational events, primarily within genera. These results suggest a pattern of evolution of the immune response in pinnipeds similar to that in terrestrial mammal species.
Long-term Use of Antibiotics and Proton Pump Inhibitors Predict Development of Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Jacqueline G. O'Leary, K. Rajender Reddy, Florence Wong, Patrick S. Kamath, Heather M. Patton, Scott W. Biggins, Michael B. Fallon, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Ram M. Subramanian, Raza Malik, Leroy R. Thacker, Jasmohan S. Bajaj
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Persistent eNOS activation secondary to caveolin-1 deficiency induces pulmonary hypertension in mice and humans through PKG nitration
Authors: You-Yang Zhao, Yidan D. Zhao, Muhammad K. Mirza, Julia H. Huang, Hari-Hara S.K. Potula, Steven M. Vogel, Viktor Brovkovych, Jason X.-J. Yuan, John Wharton, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an unremitting disease defined by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right-sided heart failure. Using mice with genetic deletions of caveolin 1 (Cav1) and eNOS (Nos3), we demonstrate here that chronic eNOS activation secondary to loss of caveolin-1 can lead to PH. Consistent with a role for eNOS in the pathogenesis of PH, the pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH phenotype of Cav1-/- mice were absent in Cav1-/-Nos3-/- mice. Further, treatment of Cav1-/- mice with either MnTMPyP (a superoxide scavenger) or l-NAME (a NOS inhibitor) reversed their pulmonary vascular pathology and PH phenotype. Activation of eNOS in Cav1-/- lungs led to the impairment of PKG activity through tyrosine nitration. Moreover, the PH phenotype in Cav1-/- lungs could be rescued by overexpression of PKG-1. The clinical relevance of the data was indicated by the observation that lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrated increased eNOS activation and PKG nitration and reduced caveolin-1 expression. Together, these data show that loss of caveolin-1 leads to hyperactive eNOS and subsequent tyrosine nitration-dependent impairment of PKG activity, which results in PH. Thus, targeting of PKG nitration represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
Lymphocyte subset infiltration patterns and HLA antigen status in colorectal carcinomas and adenomas.
Authors: P A Jackson, M A Green, C G Marks, R J King, R Hubbard, M G Cook
Journal: Gut (1996)

Fifty eight large bowel adenocarcinomas and 20 adenomas were studied immunohistochemically, using fresh frozen tissue sections, with regard to lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20) in the inflammatory infiltrate and to expression of human leucocyte antigens (HLA-ABC, HLA-A2, and HLA-DR). The findings were related to differentiation and Duke9s stage of carcinoma. The inflammatory infiltrate was found to have a phenotype that remained constant irrespective of the intensity of the inflammation. CD4 and CD3 positive cells predominated with fewer CD8 positive cells and a scanty diffuse CD19/20 positive cell population. CD19/20 follicular aggregates were common at the advancing margin of the carcinomas. There was no significant association with Duke9s stage, differentiation or HLA status. HLA changes (ABC loss, A2 loss, and DR gain) were associated with differentiation, being more common and more extensive in poorly differentiated carcinomas. HLA-A2 loss was also associated with stage of progression of carcinoma. Inflammation associated with adenomas was found to have a similar phenotype to that associated with carcinomas. HLA changes in adenomas were uncommon, being seen in only one of our 20 cases.
Renal Dysfunction Complicating the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Biff F. Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In patients with hypertension and renal insufficiency, there is often an increase in the serum creatinine concentration as the blood pressure is lowered. Physicians may respond by reducing antihypertensive treatment. However, as this review explains, the decline in renal function is hemodynamic in origin and is due to changes in renal autoregulation. Such an increase in creatinine should be recognized as a sign that the intraglomerular pressure has been successfully reduced, and the physician should continue antihypertensive treatment.
In Vitro Study of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Calf Aorta
Authors: NICHOLAS T. WERTHESSEN, MELVIN A. NYMAN, RUSSELL L. HOLMAN, JACK P. STRONG
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The calf's aorta, has been maintained in vitro for prolonged periods under aseptic conditions. Studying the aorta's function as regards cholesterol biosynthesis, accumulation and release, under the experimental conditions of hyper and normal blood pressure, estrone administration, and dilutions of serum have led to the conclusion that cholesterol metabolism can be markedly altered by these conditions and that there may be factors or systems normally present in blood which regulate lipid metabolism in the organ.
A Landmark Case in Asbestosis
Authors: Irving J. Selikoff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The first published account of disease attributed to occupational asbestos exposure was that of Nellie Kershaw, who died in 1924. The circumstances relating to that case are described and explanations are given for its not having a greater impact on policy at that time. This case, starting in 1898, is set in the context of missed opportunities for preventing a major public health hazard. The effects of this hazard are still being witnessed today. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:898-901)