tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs are as good as PCI in stable coronary artery disease, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

s health secretary, has said that some Muslim GPs may be divulging details of the sexual health of female Muslim patients to family members.Her comments drew an angry response from Muslim GPs, who said that her claims were based only on anecdotal evidence.However, Mrs Hewitt, who represents a constituency in Leicester with a large ethnic minority community, said, "I have had Muslim women give me chapter and verse on very distressing breaches of confidentiality by Muslim GPs."Some women patients in some Muslim communities are feeling they can't trust their own GP, who is from the same community and knows their extended family."If they go for particular situations, such as a sexual health problem or domestic violence, they fear they will share that information with other members of the family or community."Mrs Hewitt made her comments in an interview with the magazine for GPs Pulse (29 Mar, p 2).Vijoy Singh, chairman of the Leicestershire and Rutland local medical committee, which covers Ms Hewitt's constituency, said, "No GP would break confidentiality, because if they break it they are liable to be sued.She's out of touch."Mrs Hewitt cited a report published in November last year by the Muslim Women's Network, which was based on conversations with Muslim women throughout the country, as further evidence of her concerns.The report, She Who Disputes (www.thewnc.org.uk/pubs/shewhodisputesnov06.pdf),noted: "Health services were criticised for being insensitive and there was repeated concern that GPs from within the community could not be trusted to maintain patient confidentiality." Hewitt says some Muslim GPs breach confidentialityUK NEWS Safety agency prioritises better use of anticoagulants, p714 World NEWS drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� , p71� bmj.com o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or� o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or�
Race, Quality of Care, and Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Saif S. Rathore
Journal: JAMA (2003)

A NATIONAL epidemic, affecting nearly 5 million persons in the United States, with an additional 550 000 diagnosed each year. 1 This burden is disproportionately borne by black Americans, who have a higher incidence and prevalence of heart failure than members of other racial groups. 1 Despite this greater burden, black patients may receive less intensive and poorer-quality care for heart failure than whites. 2-5[8][9][10] Because prior studies evaluated patients treated in selected centers or regions [6][7][8][9][10] and assessed treatment or utilization patterns and not objective measures of quality of care, 3,9,10 it is unclear if reported racial differences reflect shortfalls in care or appropriate treatment or are representative of current national practice patterns.A national evaluation of racial patterns of heart failure care is timely given the
Propofol Versus Midazolam for Conscious Sedation Guided by Processed EEG During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: None Krugliak, None Ziff, None Rusabrov, None Rosenthal, None Fich, None M.Gurman
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a complex procedure, which requires appropriate sedation. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the quality and characteristics of sedation with midazolam or propofol in patients undergoing ERCP.
Neurotransmitters and the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Authors: Irwin J. Kopin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Attempts to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders are frustrated by the fragmentary information available relating neurochemistry to brain function. A large number of physiologically active substances that are thought to be involved in brain function are released during neuronal activity. Dopamine was among the first of the putative neurotransmitters or modulators to be discovered in the brain. The discovery that dopamine was deficient in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease1 was a major breakthrough in the understanding of neurologic disease. Demonstration of this neurochemical deficit led to the therapeutic trial and remarkable success of dopa, the metabolic . . .
Adrenal Corticosteroid Therapy-Reply
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are grateful to Drs Goldstein and Morris for emphasizing our point that patients receiving long-term steroid therapy should receive supplemental steroids during major stress. If they will reread the comment section, they will find this emphasized both there and in the abstract. We differ, however, with their conclusion that the low baseline values reflect significant suppression of the HPA axis. They state that 5 μg/dL is the lower limit of fasting-morning cortisol levels in normal subjects. Yet they believe that a value lower than 10 μg/dL in patients taking steroids must be regarded as evidence of partial adrenal suppression. It is difficult to understand why there should be this difference. If 5 μg/dL is considered the lower limit of normal, then only 25 of our 76 patients had baseline control cortisol levels lower than this. There are at least three reasons why "baseline" values vary, as follows:
MEK/ERK pathway is aberrantly active in Hodgkin disease: a signaling pathway shared by CD30, CD40, and RANK that regulates cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Bei Zheng, Paolo Fiumara, Yang V. Li, Georgios Georgakis, Virginia Snell, Mamoun Younes, Jean Nicolas Vauthey, Antonino Carbone, Anas Younes
Journal: Blood (2003)
Unilateral Small Kidney
Authors: N. Thorne Griscom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. N.Thorne Griscom: Six weeks prior to an intravenous pyelogram (Fig 1), this thin, small, 13-year-old girl experienced total gross painless hematuria. She had had one-time nocturia for several years, and pyuria (subsiding on chemotherapy) at least once in the past. Her blood pressure level was 270/190 mm Hg, and there was papilledema. Her blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 25 mg%. Urinalysis showed albuminuria, pyuria, and bacilluria. Dr.AlfredL.Weber: The left kidney is large, probably because of compensatory hypertrophy. There may be some pyelonephritic distortion of the calyces on this side. There is also mild dilation of the left ureter, which also suggests pyelonephritis. The right kidney is both caliectatic and very small. The right ureter is distinctly dilated. The dilation of the ureters raises the possibility of vesicoureteral reflux. Three possible etiologies for this appearance come to mind: (1) a congenitally hypoplastic right kidney with superimposed
Reducing Mortality from Colorectal Cancer by Screening for Fecal Occult Blood
Authors: Jack S. Mandel, John H. Bond, Timothy R. Church, Dale C. Snover, G. Mary Bradley, Leonard M. Schuman, Fred Ederer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Although tests for occult blood in the feces are widely used to screen for colorectal cancers, there is no conclusive evidence that they reduce mortality from this cause. We evaluated a fecal occult-blood test in a randomized trial and documented its effectiveness.We randomly assigned 46,551 participants 50 to 80 years of age to screening for colorectal cancer once a year, to screening every two years, or to a control group. Participants who were screened submitted six guaiac-impregnated paper slides with two smears from each of three consecutive stools. About 83 percent of the slides were rehydrated. Participants who tested positive underwent a diagnostic evaluation that included colonoscopy. Vital status was ascertained for all study participants during 13 years of follow-up. A committee determined causes of death. A single pathologist determined the stage of each tissue specimen. Differences in mortality from colorectal cancer, the primary study end point, were monitored with the sequential log-rank statistic.The 13-year cumulative mortality per 1000 from colorectal cancer was 5.88 in the annually screened group (95 percent confidence interval, 4.61 to 7.15), 8.33 in the biennially screened group (95 percent confidence interval, 6.82 to 9.84), and 8.83 in the control group (95 percent confidence interval, 7.26 to 10.40). The rate in the annually screened group, but not in the biennially screened group, was significantly lower than that in the control group. Reduced mortality in the annually screened group was accompanied by improved survival in those with colorectal cancer and a shift to detection at an earlier stage of cancer.Annual fecal occult-blood testing with rehydration of the samples decreased the 13-year cumulative mortality from colorectal cancer by 33 percent.
Influence of oral magnesium supplementation on cardiac events among survivors of an acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: A M Galloe, H S Rasmussen, L N Jorgensen, P Aurup, S Balslov, C Cintin, N Graudal, P McNair
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the effect of long term oral magnesium treatment on incidence of cardiac events among survivors of an acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN--Double blind, placebo controlled parallel study in which patients were randomised to treatment or placebo. SETTING--Two coronary care units and corresponding outpatient clinics. SUBJECTS--468 survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (289 men and 178 women) aged 31-92. INTERVENTIONS--One tablet of 15 mmol magnesium hydroxide or placebo daily for one year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Incidences of reinfarction, sudden death, and coronary artery bypass grafting in one year. RESULTS--There was no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups in the incidence of each of the three cardiac events, but when the events were combined and drop outs were excluded from calculations there was a significantly higher incidence of events in the treatment group (56/167 v 33/153; relative risk 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.25); p = 0.02). When the timing of events was incorporated by means of a Kaplan-Meier plot the treatment group showed a significantly higher incidence of events whether drop outs were included or excluded (p &lt; 0.025). CONCLUSION--Long term oral treatment with 15 mmol magnesium daily doses not reduce the incidence of cardiac events in survivors of an acute myocardial infarction and, indeed, seems to increase the risk of developing a cardiac event. Consequently, this treatment cannot be recommended as secondary prophylaxis for such patients.
Coalition of 21 health organisations demands political action on health and care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of 21 health organisations has set out what it sees as essential elements that politicians must include in their manifestos on the future of the NHS and social care, ahead of the general election next May. These included a commitment to adequate funding, a government-wide approach to keeping people well, and an end to top-down reorganisation of the NHS and social care.

One of the groups backing the call—the NHS Confederation, the membership body for commissioners and providers of NHS services—condemned what it called a “summer of silence” from political parties on the challenges facing health and social care. The Royal College of General Practitioners, the Royal College of Physicians, and the College of Emergency Medicine are all supporting the action.

The 2015 Challenge Manifesto 1 described where health and care services should be heading and what political parties need to cover when setting out their …
Osmotic Extraction of Hypotonic Fluid from the Lungs
Authors: Richard M. Effros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

After injections of sucrose, NaCl, and urea solutions, the flow of tissue fluid from the lungs amounted to 0.182, 0.216, and 0.152 × 10-3 ml/s per mosmol/kg of concentration difference between plasma and tissues in each gram of wet tissue weight. The extracted fluid contained less than 20% of the Na+, K+ and urea concentrations of the plasma. It was concluded that this fluid was distinctly hypotonic in comparision with the fluids of the plasma and tissue compartments both before and after the injection of hypertonic solutions.
Psychiatric Morbidity and Referral on Two General Medical Wards
Authors: G. P. Maguire, D. L. Julier, K. E. Hawton, J. H. J. Bancroft
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Psychiatric morbidity among 230 medical inpatients was determined by a two-stage screening procedure, using the General Health Questionnaire and Standardized Psychiatric Interview. Of these patients, 23% were considered psychiatrically ill, affective disorders being the commonest illnesses encountered; and 27 (12%) were psychiatrically referred. While referral was related to severity of psychiatric illness and previous psychiatric illness, the degree to which the psychiatric illness obtruded or created problems in management appeared more crucial in determining referral. In half of those with psychiatric illness the problems did not appear to have been detected or dealt with. It is suggested that medical clerking should routinely include questions about mood and psychological responses to illness.
Impact of Over-the-Counter Sales on Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Aids for Smoking Cessation
Authors: John P. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Successful smoking cessation is a major public health goal. In controlled clinical trials, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and the antidepressant bupropion have been shown to significantly increase cessation rates only for moderate to heavy smokers (> or = 15 cigarettes/d). Nicotine replacement therapy is heavily promoted to the general population by both the pharmaceutical industry and tobacco control advocates.To examine trends in smoking cessation, pharmaceutical cessation aid use, and success in cessation in the general California population.The large population-based California Tobacco Surveys of 1992, 1996, and 1999, including 5247 (71.3% response rate), 9725 (72.9% response rate), and 6412 (68.4% response rate) respondents, respectively.Rates of cessation attempts (> or = 1 day) among smokers in the last year, use of pharmaceutical aids (mostly over-the-counter products since 1996), and cessation success.Between 1992 and 1999, cessation attempts among California smokers increased 61.4% (from 38.1% to 61.5%), and NRT use among quitters increased 50.5% (from 9.3% to 14.0%). A total of 17.2% of quitters used NRT, an antidepressant, or both as an aid to cessation in 1999. In 1996 and 1999, the median duration of aid use (14 days) was much less than recommended, and only about 20% of users had adjuvant one-on-one or group behavioral counseling. Use of NRT increased short-term cessation success in moderate to heavy smokers in each survey year. However, a long-term cessation advantage was only observed before NRT became widely available over-the-counter (August 1996). In 1999, no advantage for pharmaceutical aid users was observed in either the short or long term for the nearly 60% of California smokers classified as light smokers (<15 cigarettes/d).Since becoming available over the counter, NRT appears no longer effective in increasing long-term successful cessation in California smokers.
Arteriovenous Differences in Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Atherosclerosis.
Authors: S. Naimi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Arteriovenous Differences in Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Atherosclerosis.S. Naimi, M.D., R. Goldstein, M.D., S. Proger, M.D., F.A.C.P.S. Naimi, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Goldstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. Proger, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1038_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe importance of blood coagulation-fibrinolysis equilibrium in determining the natural course of atherosclerosis has been subject to scrutiny for many years. Yet most of the data in the literature on coagulation and fibrinolysis as related to atherosclerosis are based on the findings in the venous blood.A comparative arteriovenous study was therefore undertaken in a group of normal and a group of atherosclerotic subjects. Coagulation tests in general showed no significant arteriovenous differences in either group or between the two groups. Fibrinolytic activity, however, was almost uniformly lower in the arterial blood. This arteriovenous difference was statistically significant in both... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1038-1038KeywordsAtherosclerosisBloodFibrinolysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lake Nyos disaster: Authors' reply
Authors: P. J Baxter, M Kapila
Journal: BMJ (1989)

this will generally be detectable within a few months afterwards by conventional testing for antibody."-ED,BMJ.Sudden infant death syndrome in Hong Kong SIR,-Dr Millard Bass, commenting on our paper on sudden infant death syndrome in Hong Kong,' wrongly asserted that the controls we used were unsuitable.2According to basic epidemiological principles, controls should not have the disease or condition under investigation but should be similar to cases in regard to past potential for exposure.We used one community control and one hospital control for each dead child, and we consider that neither group was subject to selection bias.The controls
Viruses as Precipitants of Asthmatic Attacks in Children
Authors: Theodore E. Minor
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Evidence for the exacerbation of asthma by specific infectious agents was sought in an October 1971 through May 1972 outpatient study of 16 children with histories of wheezing associated with apparent symptomatic respiratory infections (SRI). Clinical data were collected daily, and pharyngeal and nasal specimens were obtained routinely for microbiological analyses. Subjects experienced 61 episodes of asthma, and 42 of these were coincident with an apparent SRI. Asthmatic attacks occurred with 38 of 49 severe SRI, but only 4 of 22 mild SRI were similarly associated. Asthma was precipitated during 21 of 23 severe SRI of viral origin, but in only one of six severe SRI of bacterial origin. Fourteen of 15 rhinovirus infections that resulted in severe SRI and all episodes of A<sub>2</sub>/Hong Kong influenza were associated with attacks of asthma. No asthma was noted during episodes of asymptomatic virus shedding.
Incidence of adverse reactions after administration of high dose diphtheria with tetanus vaccine to school leavers: retrospective questionnaire study
Authors: P D Sidebotham, S W Lenton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

risk of infection were offered testing (selective policy), and in 6 only those who asked were tested (request policy).In 15 units at least one staff member had specific responsibility for HIV issues.Training on HIV in pregnancy was provided for staff, mainly midwives, in 12 units, but only 9 units had written protocols that included guidelines on the procedure for offering HIV testing.Written information about HIV infection in pregnancy was available for women attending 23 units and is summarised in table 1.Overall only 22 of an estimated 322 previously undi- agnosed HIV infected women booked in these units during 1993 and 1994 were identified, 2/126 in units with selective or request policies and 20/196 in units with a universal policy.These women were identified in 9 of the 13 units with a universal policy compared with only 1 of the 20 units with other policies (P = 0.0002, two tailed Fisher's exact test).Information on uptake of HIV testing over the previous year could be supplied by only 24 units.In most the uptake was low, being under 10% in 7/11 units with universal policies and never exceeding 1.5% in the units with other policies (table 1).Detection of previously undiagnosed infected women in units with a universal policy was significantly increased with higher uptake of testing.This finding was largely attributable to those two units where uptake oftesting was over 40% and detection ofpreviously undiagnosed women exceeded 20%.
A Teaspoonful of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: John T. Dickman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Relative to "Environment - Carbon Monoxide and Cigarette Smoking" (<b>212</b>:1785, 1970), by Dr. Dinman, in paragraph 2, what, pray tell, is "1 teaspoonful" per day? A rapid "in the head" conversion to more conventional volumetric measure would indicate that Dr. Dinman is trying to say "about 5 cc," at standard temperature and pressure, I presume. I have heard of quantities being expressed in peculiar units but a teaspoonful of carbon monoxide per day has to be one of the more unique. It certainly makes one prick up his ears and pay attention.
Guideline Cites Appropriateness Criteria for Performing Tonsillectomy in Children
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

tient receives the benefit of the drug in interpreting social cues from the therapist, such as eye contact. Young noted that studies are needed to determine if direct administration of oxytocin is the best approach or whether treatments that increase endogenous oxytocin levels would be better. He added that research is also needed to determine whether chronic administration of oxytocin might lead to a decrease in oxytocin receptors. Until such issues are worked out, he cautioned against the use of oxytocin by individuals without physician supervision. Some web sites claim to market oxytocin for use in boosting trust in relationships. “It’s important for [individuals] to realize it’s not the time for them to start taking these drugs without a physician,” he said. “We don’t know the safety issues.”
Treatment of aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from HLA identical siblings. Prognostic factors associated with graft versus host disease and survival.
Authors: R Storb, R L Prentice, E D Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

73 consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by marrow transplantation from hematologically normal HLA identical siblings. 68 patients lived long enough to document marrow engraftment. 21 rejected the graft and 19 of these died. 47 sustained engraftment and 18 of these died. In 16 patients, death was associated with graft versus host disease. 29 patients with sustained engraftment are alive with complete hematologic restoration between 8 mo and 5 yr. This analysis, by using a proportional hazards regression model, was directed at identifying factors that predicted survival (and absence of graft versus host disease). Of the 24 factors entered into the analysis only two strongly correlated with survival: (a) sex match of donor and recipient (P less than 0.01), and (b) absence of refractoriness to random donor platelets at the time of transplantation (P less than 0.05). Refractoriness adversely influenced the survival of the sex mismatched patients, These data suggest that X and Y-associated transplantation antigen systems are important determinants of the outcome of marrow grafts between HLA identical siblings for the treatment of aplastic anemia. The machanism by which refractoriness to random donor platelets influences survival is currently unclear.