tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk levels for mite allergen: are they meaningful, where should samples be collected, and how should they be analyzed?
Authors: A. K. M. Munir
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Indoor allergen exposure plays a major role in the development of sensitization and triggering of asthma in children. All over the world, mites are common sources of indoor allergens. Risk levels for mite‐allergen exposure have been recommended. A mite‐allergen level of ≥2 μg/g dust is considered a risk level for sensitization and symptoms of asthma. Data from several ongoing prospective studies of children show that mite sensitization may occur below the suggested threshold level. However, from these studies, it seems that high mite‐allergen exposure increases the risk of early sensitization, whereas low exposure levels probably take a longer time to induce sensitization. Assessment of allergen exposure and consideration of allergen‐elimination strategies should not be limited only to the home environment. High levels of mite allergens are also found in day‐care centers, schools, and various other public places, such as bars. Thus, in addition to homes, these environments should also be considered when allergen‐avoidance measures are taken. Allergen content in dust can be expressed in several units, e.g., ng/g, ng/m 2 , and ng/sampling, and as the total amount of allergen. At present, there is no consensus on the best way to measure and express mite‐allergen levels. In this paper, aspects of threshold levels for mite sensitization, various exposure environments, and sampling, determination, and expression units of mite exposure will be discussed in brief.
720. Inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Replication by Self-Complementary AAV Vector- Based Expression of shRNAs Directed Against the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of CVB3
Authors: Isaac Sipo, Xiaomin Wang, Jens Kurreck, Stefan Weger, Heinz Zeichhardt, Wolfgang Poller, Henry Fechner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Coxsackieviruses are associated with liver, pancreatic and heart diseases. In the heart coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces acute myocarditis but is also involved in the development of inflammatory dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCMi). Here we investigate whether AAV vector mediated expression of short hairpin (sh) RNAs caninhibit CVB3 replication and protect cells from CVB3 induced cell lysis. We generated a self-complementary (sc) AAV-vector (scAAV2- RdRP2.4) expressing two different shRNAs from a bidirectional murine polymerase III U6-promotor, directed against the CVB3 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). In order to prove the antiviral efficacy of the vector HeLa cells were transduced with scAAV2-RdRP2.4 or a control vector expressing an GFP-shRNA or were transfected with synthetic siRNA corresponding to shRNA inserted into scAAV2-RdRP2.4. Cells were infected with CVB3 24 hrs later. Analysis of cell viability demonstrated an efficient protection of cells from lysis by scAAV2-RdRP2.4 over a 5 days investigation period. These results were confirmed by inhibition of CVB3 replication through scAAV2-RdRP2.4. Moreover, the protection of cells by scAAV-RdRP2.4 was as efficient as by use of synthetic siRNAs but strongly depends on scAAV2-RdRP and CVB3 dose. These results demonstrate that shRNAs expressed from scAAV vectors are able to protect cells from CVB3 induced cell lysis. scAAV-RdRP2.4 has now to show its efficiency in protection of cardiac cells against CVB3 infections and in treatment of CVB3 myocarditis in vivo.
Stiffness of the Wrists
Authors: Joseph L. Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Commenting on the remarks of Dr. Carl V. Granger, who replied to the note on "Morning 'stiffness,'" there is much to be said for his point of view. The numbness and stiffness occurring in the hands after a night's sleep may occur because of pressure from swelling on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel. Such swelling may be caused by rheumatoid arthritis, or from trauma or other sources. The Tinel's sign is not very reliable for diagnosis, nor is the Phelan sign. Measurement of nerve conductivity is much more accurate, as stated by Dr. Granger. Sometimes there is a bulge of tissue palpable just proximal to the wrist on the ulnar side of the volar surface of the wrist. This is the location of the common tendon sheath of the flexors of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers, anatomically called the ulnar bursa.
SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES IN ANTIGEN-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Robert C. Seeger, Joost J. Oppenheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The role of macrophages and lymphocytes in antigen-induced transformation of lymphocytes has been investigated. Lymphocytes and macrophages were obtained from inbred strain 13 guinea pigs which were either unimmunized or immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or tetanus toxoid in CFA. The transformation response to PPD or tetanus toxoid was assayed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. Addition of macrophages to immune lymphocytes significantly increased their response to purified protein derivative (PPD) or tetanus toxoid. This was observed if the macrophages were (a) "immune" or "nonimmune", (b) unirradiated or irradiated (3000 R), (c) 99% pure, and (d) peritoneal or alveolar in origin. Neither immune nor nonimmune macrophages were able to induce nonimmune lymphocytes to respond to PPD or tetanus toxoid. When macrophages were incubated with PPD or tetanus toxoid and then washed, they stimulated immune lymphocytes to transform. An incubation time of (1/2) hr was adequate, however, 2-4: hr was optimal. These studies indicate (a) that antigen-induced transformation of lymphocytes is greatly enhanced by macrophages; (b) that macrophage-antigen interaction can antecede lymphocyte-antigen interaction and results in macrophages which are able to stimulate lymphocyte transformation; and (c) that the immunological memory requisite to elicit specific transformation responses is a property of the lymphocyte and not the macrophage.
Cognition and Motivation as Treatment Targets in Schizophrenia
Authors: Richard S. E. Keefe
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, Fervaha and colleagues 1 use the publicly available database derived from 1331 patients with cognitive data in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial to explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and behaviors referred to as “amotivational.” The authors report correlations of about r = 0.30 between cognitive test performance and a cluster of items from the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale that measure sense of purpose, motivation, and curiosity, which they refer to as “motivation.” The authors conclude that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia “may be partly secondary to amotivation.” This apparently controversial and simple statement is neither. First, we have known for decades that the constellation of behaviors we identify as belonging to the constructs of cognitive performance and motivation are related to one another in patients with schizophrenia, just as they are in healthy people, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The relationship between cognitive impairment and negative symptoms was even reported using the same database in previous articles from the CATIE investigators. In this article, however, Fervaha and colleagues 1 confine their exploration to correlations between cognitive performance and the 3 items purported to measure sense of purpose, motivation, and curiosity. These items are assessed using questions that have cognitive elements to them, such as the following: Do you think about the future, set goals, and have plans? What do you anticipate your situation will be? What have you accomplished? Do you read the newspaper? Are there things you want to know more about? Given that scores on these items are driven in part by cognitive ability, a sizable correlation with cognitive performance is not surprising. Patients with worse cognitive performance are likely to be less interested in planning events, less able to accomplish tasks, and will have less interest in pursuing cognitively demanding activities. The correlations reported by Fervaha et al 1 are not evidence of amotivation causing poor cognitive test performance any more than they are evidence that poor cognitive performance causes low scores on items rating sense of purpose, motivation, and curiosity. What is particularly relevant about the relationship between these constructs is that each of them has a role in causing the other over time. We know now that cognitive impairment leads to functional disability prior to the onset of psychosis. 2 The self-defeat that is generated from
Violence between intimate partners knows no age limit
Authors: D. O'Neill, C. O'Dwyer, H. McGee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The emphasis in Hegarty et al’s review of the prevalence of violence between intimate partners is young to middle aged adults.1 Child abuse and domestic violence have rightly received increasing attention and awareness, but the issue of elder abuse still lags behind in this regard. The US National Academy of Sciences noted recently that …
Theatre: Talking Cock
Authors: P. M Boynton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A one man show by Richard Herring currently touring the UK For venues and other details see www.talkingcock.co.uk/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Move over The Vagina Monologues —there's a new act in town. Richard Herring's one man show, Talking Cock, is doing for the penis what Eve Ensler did for the vagina. Historically, the penis has had a lot of attention, but Herring argues that it's not all been positive. For many the penis is a source of anxiety, embarrassment, or shame. This won't surprise the average general practitioner, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Women with urinary incontinence should be referred to a specialist
Authors: J. R A Duckett
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-All cause mortality ratios* (95% confidence intervals) adjusted for socioeconomic status among second generation Irish people in England and Wales at working agest during extended period of follow up (1971-92) Women Men Standardised No of Standardised No of mortality ratio deaths mortality ratio deaths Mortality adjusted for: Age 126 (103 to 152)t 104 124 (110 to 140)t 267 Age and social class l-IV § 134 (103 to 170)t 67 129 (111 to 149)t 184 Age, housing tenure, and access to car 126 (102 to 152)t 102 122 (107 to 138)t 247*Relative to all men or all women (standardised mortality ratio = 100).tAges 15-64 for men, 15-59 for women.*Standardised mortality ratio significantly different from 100 at 5% level.§First five years of follow up were excluded to allow for health selection.2
Sharing Insulin Pens: Are You Putting Patients at Risk?
Authors: Melissa K. Schaefer, Rachel A. Kossover, Joseph F. Perz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Ease of administration, accuracy, and convenience are among the hallmark characteristics of insulin pens. These devices, which have gained popularity over the past 10 years, are designed to be used multiple times for a single person, using a new needle for each injection. Unfortunately, reports of the misuse of insulin pens also have been growing.

Backflow of blood and other biologic material into the insulin cartridge or reservoir can occur after injection (1). For this reason, insulin pens, like other injection devices, must never be used by more than one person. Reports of insulin pen sharing have come from a variety of U.S. health care settings. Since 2011, there have been at least six separate incidents in which patients were contacted and given advice to test for bloodborne pathogens because individual insulin pen devices were …
Primary Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Setting of Penetrating Ocular Trauma
Authors: Patrick E. Rubsamen, W. David Irvine, Brooks W. McCuen, William E. Smiddy, C. Bradley Bowman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients who underwent lensectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at the time of primary repair of a penetrating ocular injury. Methods: A review of 14 patients who sustained cataracts and lens rupture in the setting of a corneal laceration to determine anatomic and visual outcome, in addition to complications related to the primary IOL. Results: The IOL remained anatomically stable in all 14 patients with no complications encountered at implantation or after surgery. Final visual acuity in 9 of the 14 patients was 20/40 or better. Six patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for removal of an intraocular foreign body. Conclusion: Intraocular lens implantation at the time of lensectomy and primary repair of a corneal laceration allows good visual rehabilitation with restoration of binocular function and serves as an alternative to contact lens correction in select patients. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients who underwent lensectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at the time of primary repair of a penetrating ocular injury. Methods: A review of 14 patients who sustained cataracts and lens rupture in the setting of a corneal laceration to determine anatomic and visual outcome, in addition to complications related to the primary IOL. Results: The IOL remained anatomically stable in all 14 patients with no complications encountered at implantation or after surgery. Final visual acuity in 9 of the 14 patients was 20/40 or better. Six patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for removal of an intraocular foreign body. Conclusion: Intraocular lens implantation at the time of lensectomy and primary repair of a corneal laceration allows good visual rehabilitation with restoration of binocular function and serves as an alternative to contact lens correction in select patients.
Does Screening for Barrett's Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus Prolong Survival?
Authors: Evan S. Dellon, Nicholas J. Shaheen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Despite the paucity of data supporting its use, screening upper endoscopy for patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms to assess for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma has become a widely accepted practice. We apply the principles of screening to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Critical application of the key criteria of screening to this situation demonstrates that several criteria are unfulfilled. Key data are not available with which to judge other criteria. The major fault with screening for Barrett's esophagus is that the at-risk population is too broadly characterized and that too many cancers occur outside of this risk pool. Thus, recommendations for screening cannot be endorsed. Efforts may be better directed at further research identifying groups at risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma, developing more accurate and less-invasive methods of diagnosis, and discovering the underlying factors which continue to drive the increased incidence of this disease.
Targeting heat-shock protein 90 improves efficacy of rapamycin in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
Authors: Sven A. Lang, Christian Moser, Stefan Fichnter-Feigl, Philipp Schachtschneider, Claus Hellerbrand, Volker Schmitz, Hans J. Schlitt, Edward K. Geissler, Oliver Stoeltzing
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains associated with a poor prognosis, but novel targeted therapies in combination with anti-angiogenic substances may offer new perspectives. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of tumor cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes would reduce growth and angiogenesis of HCC, which represents a highly vascularized tumor entity. Recently, because of their anti-angiogenic properties, inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have entered clinical trials for therapy of HCC. However, treatment with mTOR inhibitors may lead to paradoxical activation of Akt signaling in tumor cells via insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR)–dependent and IGF-IR–independent mechanisms. Because we have recently identified heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonists to impair both oncogenic and angiogenic signaling cascades in tumor cells, including Akt and IGF-IR, we sought to investigate whether Hsp90 blockade could improve growth-inhibitory and anti-angiogenic effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Human HCC cells, a murine hepatoma cell line, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were employed in experiments. Results show that dual inhibition of mTOR and Hsp90 leads to effective disruption of oncogenic signaling cascades and substantially improves growth-inhibitory effects in vivo . Importantly, blocking Hsp90 abrogated the rapamycin-induced activation of Akt and of the downstream effector nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in HCC tumors. Furthermore, Hsp90 inhibition reduced the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-receptor-β (PDGF-Rβ) on VSMCs, and diminished vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression on ECs, which further improves the anti-angiogenic capacity of this regimen. Conclusion : Blocking Hsp90 disrupts rapamycin-induced activation of alternative signaling pathways in HCCs and substantially improves the growth-inhibitory effects of mTOR inhibition in vivo . Hence, the concept of targeting tumor cells, ECs, and VSMCs by blocking Hsp90/mTOR could prove valuable for treatment of HCC. (Hepatology 2008.)
The psychiatric protection order for the "battered mental patient"
Authors: T. Szasz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Psychiatric patients are routinely treated against their will. Legally enforceable psychiatric protection orders would protect patients from coercive psychiatric interventions

The avowed desires of patients and doctors conflict more often in psychiatry than in any other branch of medicine. People known as “mental patients” are routinely subjected to “diagnostic” and “therapeutic” interventions against their will. Many such people see being committed (sectioned) and treated against their will as a personal violation—a “psychiatric abuse”—and want to protect themselves from future involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation and treatment. At present former psychiatric patients, even when legally competent, have no means to defend themselves from such a contingency.

Mental health laws—reflecting the point of view of psychiatrists and society—protect (or are said to protect) mentally ill patients from the dangers they pose, because of their illness, to themselves and others. Many mental patients view—and have always viewed—psychiatrists as posing a danger to them. Respect for the self defined interests of such patients requires that the law protect them from further unwanted psychiatric interventions.

Courts recognise the validity of “psychiatric wills” (psychiatric advance directives) only when they prospectively authorise treatment; courts do not recognise them when the “psychiatric testator” rejects psychiatric “help.”1 To remedy this defect, especially when patients are released into the community after a period of involuntary treatment for mental illness, I propose a new legal safeguard: the psychiatric protection order. Such an order, similar to the protection order used in domestic conflicts, would make it a criminal offence to impose involuntary psychiatric interventions on people protected by the order.

In free societies only psychiatric patients are routinely treated against their will. (Public health laws explicitly serve the interests of the public, not the therapeutic needs of particular persons.) Competent patients with uraemia are not treated against their will and can use a …
Trisomy 12 and elevated GLI1 and PTCH1 transcript levels are biomarkers for Hedgehog-inhibitor responsiveness in CLL
Authors: Sarah Decker, Katja Zirlik, Lauritte Djebatchie, David Hartmann, Gabriele Ihorst, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Dieter Herchenbach, Hassan Jumaa, Markus Warmuth, Hendrik Veelken, Christine Dierks
Journal: Blood (2011)
AVP inhibits EGF-stimulated MAP kinase cascade in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
Authors: Takehisa Yamada, Yoshio Terada, Miwako K. Homma, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Sei Sasaki, Yasuhito Yuasa, Kimio Tomita, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
The modern hospice and its challenge to medicine.
Authors: R W Luxton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

There is a major difference between a hospital and a hospice, well illustrated by an extreme example. The Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute was opened in Manchester in 1934 as the centre for major radiotherapy for the North-west, catering for a population of 4-5 million. All the necessary and expensive apparatus and staff were concentrated in the one hospital. On being appointed honorary physician in 1938, in addition to access to the radiotherapy and surgical wards I was given four long-stay beds for patients with cancer no longer amenable to specific treatments. Soon, however, the demand for beds for patients whose cancer could be treated was such that the four beds had to be reallocated. Very understandable?a question of priorities. In the hospital we often used a medical shorthand on patients' records. Thus NMTBD, for the initiated, meant nothing more to be done. The relevant possible lines of treatment had all been given and had failed. Now anyone who knows the Christie Hospital is deeply impressed not only by its technical expertise but by its atmosphere of hope and warm humanity. With the best will in the world, it could do no more: for the cancer there was NMTBD. What happened to these patients ? About half of them died at home, attended by their family doctor, their relatives, and the district nurse; and others died in their local hospitals. Usually these are the most humane and reasonable solutions, but in some cases they resulted in great distress and even cruelty to both patients and relatives.
CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS WITH PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
Authors: A. M. MASTER
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Within a short period of six months two cases of pericardial effusion following coronary artery occlusion have been observed. It is thought that this condition may be diagnosed clinically and that it is one which will be found more frequently.  The reported incidence is indeed small. In a review of the etiology of 360 cases of pericarditis, Gerke 1 did not mention coronary artery occlusion. In Levine's monograph 2 on coronary thrombosis a pericardial effusion was encountered in only one patient in a series of 145. This effusion was not suspected during life, but 1,000 cc. of pericardial fluid was found at postmortem examination. White 3 in his book on heart disease did not cite coronary artery thrombosis as a cause of pericarditis with effusion. However, in 1932 Camp and White 4 reported their observations in 126 cases of pericardial effusion; and in two cases in which death occurred with
Retroperitoneal Mature Teratoma 15 Years after Initial Treatment of Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Jan Lehmann, Margitta Ritz, Nils N&uuml;rnberg, Eric Romahn, Sebastian Bach, Frank K&uuml;ppers, Tillmann Loch, Michael St&ouml;ckle, Klaus Weichert-Jacobsen
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Anatomic Demonstration of the Mechanism of Chyluria by Lymphangiography, with Successful Surgical Treatment
Authors: Paul N. Schield, Leonard Cox, David T. Mahony
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

CHYLURIA due to filariasis, rarely seen in this country, is not uncommon in certain areas of the world.1 Most of the patients with this problem seen in the United States have migrated to this country from a portion of the world where the disease is endemic.2 Recently, in the work-up of a Chinese man with chyluria, lymphangiograms clearly outlined the anatomicopathologic anastomosis between the lymphatic system and urinary tract. The patient underwent a successful surgical correction of the defect, and a follow-up lymphangiogram demonstrated the efficacy of the procedure.Case ReportJ.Y.C., a 52-year-old Chinese man, was admitted to the . . .