tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Discriminatory indices in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P H Evans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

This review article discusses several technologies using the power of genetic analysis that were used to rapidly detect microbial contamination, provide a more accurate identification of microorganisms, understand the microbial diversity in cleanroom environments, and optimize pharmaceutical processes. Nucleic acids were extracted and purified from enrichment cultures of product suspensions, growing cultures, microbial isolates, and directly from water and cleanroom surfaces. The extracted microbial DNA was either amplified using different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays or analyzed using DNA microarray technology. PCR assays were targeting genes coding for structural proteins, ribosomal subunits, or catabolic enzymes. Different PCR formats were tested ranging from single gene amplification to multiplexing. The detection of the amplified fragments was performed by qualitative or quantitative analysis. In some studies the amplified products were cloned/sequenced or sequenced to accurately determine the identity and diversity of the microbes present in the samples. DNA microarray analyses provided a higher multiplexing capability than PCR assays, as more than 3000 genes were analyzed in a single reaction, providing a higher resolution and specificity of the microorganisms present in cleanroom environments and pharmaceutical samples. <i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> Molecular technologies using genetic sequences were used to rapidly detect microbial contamination, provide a more accurate identification of microorganisms, understand the types of microbes in pharmaceutical laboratories, and make pharmaceutical processes more efficient. The microbial genetic sequences were extracted from different types of samples. Then the extracted sequences were analyzed by looking for specific signatures to determine the identity and function of the different microbes in products, environments, and processes. Genetic analyses provided a better description of the different types of microbes present in pharmaceutical samples with a rapid quality evaluation of products and processes.
The Italian Pertussis Vaccine Trial: Ethical Issues-Reply
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —It should be noted that in the current Italian field trial to test the efficacy of several acellular pertussis vaccines, which began in 1992, 90% of the participants received a pertussis vaccine and only 10% a placebo. In surveys done before the trial started, only 44% of Italian children were immunized against pertussis. Thus, the present trial is immunizing more than twice as many Italian children against the disease as were receiving vaccine before the trial began. In addition, few participants have dropped out of the trial because of dissatisfaction with the trial's design.
Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: long-term results of bacterium eradication and association with bacterium virulence profiles
Authors: Giovanni Emilia, Mario Luppi, Patrizia Zucchini, Monica Morselli, Leonardo Potenza, Fabio Forghieri, Francesco Volzone, Gordana Jovic, Giovanna Leonardi, Amedea Donelli, Giuseppe Torelli
Journal: Blood (2007)
Rapid-Response Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Support Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children With Cardiac Disease
Authors: David A. Kane, Ravi R. Thiagarajan, David Wypij, Mark A. Scheurer, Francis Fynn-Thompson, Sitaram Emani, Pedro J. del Nido, Peter Betit, Peter C. Laussen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Survival of children with in-hospital cardiac arrest that does not respond to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is poor. We report on survival and early neurological outcomes of children with heart disease supported with rapid-response extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to aid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Children with heart disease supported with ECPR were identified from our ECMO database. Demographic, CPR, and ECMO details associated with mortality were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Pediatric overall performance category and pediatric cerebral performance category scores were assigned to ECPR survivors to assess neurological outcomes. There were 180 ECPR runs in 172 patients. Eighty-eight patients (51%) survived to discharge. Survival in patients who underwent ECPR after cardiac surgery (54%) did not differ from nonsurgical patients (46%). Survival did not vary by cardiac diagnosis and CPR duration did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Factors associated with mortality included noncardiac structural or chromosomal abnormalities (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.9), use of blood-primed ECMO circuit (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.4-36), and arterial pH <7.00 after ECMO deployment (OR, 6.0; 95% CI, 2.1-17.4). Development of end-organ injury on ECMO and longer ECMO duration were associated with increased mortality. Of pediatric overall performance category/pediatric cerebral performance category scores assigned to survivors, 75% had scores ≤2, indicating no to mild neurological injury.ECPR may promote survival in children with cardiac disease experiencing cardiac arrest unresponsive to conventional CPR with favorable early neurological outcomes. CPR duration was not associated with mortality, whereas patients with metabolic acidosis and noncardiac structural or chromosomal anomalies had higher mortality.
Diagnostic dilatation and curettage.
Authors: J Weston, H Gordon, A B Price
Journal: BMJ (1993)

rapidly in Africa and Asia,' newly arrived immigrants from these areas are at particular risk of coinfection with HIV and tuberculosis.Furthermore, our data suggest that we cannot be complacent about the risks of tuberculosis in the white population.The diagnosis of tuberculosis may be difficult in HIV infected patients because of atypical clinical presentation and chest radiological findings,-' and, as we have seen, it may be asymptomatic.Skin anergy, long delays in identi- fication of the organism and in determining resistance to antimicrobial therapy, and the development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis all pose further challenges for prevention and control of tuberculosis related to HIV.In view of the increasing prevalence of HIV in our population, we believe that HIV testing should also be offered to patients with tuberculosis.Vigilance must be kept for possible new cases of tuberculosis both in immigrants and in the in- digenous population.
Police doctor is cleared of manslaughter but criticised as "negligent"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A former police doctor who pronounced as fit to be detained a man who was almost certainly unconscious has been cleared of manslaughter, but the trial judge said that there was no doubt that he was negligent. Hisham El-Baroudy, 56, had examined the man for only one minute just three hours before he died.

Dr El-Baroudy wiped tears from his eyes as the jury at Southwark Crown Court in London found him not guilty of gross negligence manslaughter over the death of Andrzej Rymarzak in …
Making medicines evergreen
Authors: A. W. Hitchings, E. H. Baker, T. K. Khong
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Andrew Hitchings</b>, <b>Emma Baker</b>, and <b>Teck Khong </b>examine how drug companies maximise profits after patents expire and show why regulatory agencies, policy makers, and prescribers need to be alert to the use of these techniques
Control of mitochondrial ATP synthase in heart cells: inactive to active transitions caused by beating or positive inotropic agents
Authors: A. M Das, D. A Harris
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim of the study was to measure variations in ATP synthase capacity in cultured cardiomyocytes under conditions of metabolic stimulation. Design – ATP synthase activity was measured in cultured rat cardiomyocytes using a procedure which allowed rapid measurement of mitochondrial function during changes in metabolic state. Experimental material – Calcium tolerant cardiomyocytes were prepared from male Wistar rats, weight 250-300 g, n = 6-22 per experiment. Measurements and main results – Electrical stimulation of cardiomyocytes led to an approximate doubling of ATP synthase capacity within 1-2 min, and was rapidly reversible. Activation was reduced when extracellular calcium was lowered and abolished in presence of the calcium entry blocker ruthenium red. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to isoprenaline or to an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III also led to a large increase in ATP synthase capacity, which was abolished in presence of ruthenium red. However, the response of cells to isoprenaline depended on their pretreatment: activation of ATP synthase was abolished after 20 min anoxia prior to isoprenaline treatment but regained after a subsequent 30 min reoxygenation. This may reflect down regulation of (β receptors on the cell surface during anoxia. Conclusions – ATP synthase is directly controlled in vivo by a non-allosteric mechanism. Activation of ATP synthase is a response to intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration.
BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA PURULENTA AND SUPPURATIVE MASTOIDITIS.
Authors: TALBOT R. CHAMBERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The season just passed, since last autumn, has furnished Hudson County an admirable supply for study of catarrhal and purulent inflammations of the middle ear and mastoid. The course of these diseases has been watched with unusual interest. In dispensary there have come under my personal care 107 cases of otitis media purulenta, and 35 in private practice, 142 in all. There have been 58 cases of mastoid disease, of which 28 have been aborted and 30 have been operated on. In 19 instances there was no opportunity to try abortive measures and the mastoid was found partially or entirely broken down. I might say two cases of drawn face were relieved by operation, and two cases of facial paralysis followed operation.<sup>1</sup>The tip was always thoroughly cleared out. One death occurred after three weeks, suddenly, just as an exploratory secondary operation had been decided on. A second death from
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF POLYOMA VIRUS ONCOGENESIS
Authors: Karl Habel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Adult mice and hamsters can be made resistant to an isologous transplantable polyoma tumor by an inapparent infection with polyoma virus. This resistance is cell-mediated and seems not to be related to anti-viral serum antibodies. The basis of the resistance appears to be a transplantation type of cellular immunity directed against a "foreign" antigen contained in the tumor cell. Evidence has been presented to demonstrate this tumor antigen. It is possible that this phenomenon may explain the lack of oncogenesis by polyoma virus infection of adult mice, and the rarity of naturally occurring polyoma tumors.
Diagnosis of Extra-hepatic Abnormalities on Dynamic Study Over Thoraco-abdominal Region Prior to Hepatic Imaging
Authors: ASLAM R. SIDDIQUI, HENRY N. WELLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Findings on 262 thoraco-abdominal dynamic studies done at the time of hepatic imaging were reviewed. Twenty-nine extra-hepatic abnormalities were diagnosed solely on the basis of these studies, including pericardial and pleural effusions and decreased perfusion to one lung. Half of these abnormalities were not suspected clinically. The dynamic study is an important part of hepatic imaging and should be performed routinely. Besides aiding in differential diagnosis of various hepatic lesions, extra-hepatic abnormalities can be discovered.
The Incidence of Work-related Asthma-like Symptoms and Dust Exposure in Norwegian Smelters
Authors: Vidar Søyseth, Helle Laier Johnsen, Paul K. Henneberger, Johny Kongerud
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Materials and MethodsResultsDiscussionReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Importance of Blinding in Randomized Trials—Reply
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Ross L. Prentice
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dynamic aspects of acute mitral regurgitation: effects of ventricular volume, pressure and contractility on the effective regurgitant orifice area.
Authors: C Yoran, E L Yellin, R M Becker, S Gabbay, R W Frater, E H Sonnenblick
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The dynamics of acute mitral regurgitation were studied in six open-chest dogs in whom a portion of the anterior leaflet was excised. Phasic mitral and aortic flows were measured electromagnetically and left ventricular filling volume, regurgitant volume (RV) and forward stroke volume (SV) were calculated. The systolic pressure gradient (SPG) between the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) was obtained from high-fidelity pressure transducers. The effective mitral regurgitant orifice area (MRA) was calculated from the hydraulic equation of Gorlin. Volume infusion resulted in significant increases in both left atrial and left ventricular pressures; thus, the SPG was unchanged and the increase in RV was due primarily to the increase in MRA. Angiotensin infused to raise arterial pressure resulted in greater increments in left ventricular than left atrial pressure, so that SPG rose significantly. The increase in RV was due to increases in both MRA and SPG. Norepinephrine infusion increased systolic left ventricular pressure and SPG, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure diminished. Despite a significant increase in SPG, RV did not increase, due to a substantial decrease in MRA. Thus, angiotensin and volume infusion induced a substantial increase in regurgitation due to the increase in MRA, while augmentation of contractility after norepinephrine infusion resulted in a decrease in regurgitation through reduction of MRA. These findings support the clinical view that maintaining a small LV with sustained myocardial contractility will reduce mitral regurgitation. Alternatively, left ventricular dilatation can enhance mitral regurgitation by increasing the effective regurgitant orifice independent of SPG.
Reasons for poor prognosis in British patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Authors: V R Doherty, R M MacKie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Representations of the body and peripersonal space can be distorted for people with some chronic pain conditions. Experimental pain induction can give rise to similar, but transient distortions in healthy individuals. However, spatial and bodily representations are dynamic, and constantly update as we interact with objects in our environment. It is unclear whether induced pain disrupts the mechanisms involved in updating these representations. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of induced pain on the updating of peripersonal space and body representations during and following tool-use. We compared performance under three conditions (pain, active placebo, neutral) on a visuotactile crossmodal congruency task and a tactile distance judgement task to measure updating of peripersonal space and body representations, respectively. We induced pain by applying 1% capsaicin cream to the arm, and for placebo we used a gel that induced non-painful warming. Consistent with previous findings, the difference in crossmodal interference from visual distractors in the same compared to opposite visual field to the tactile target was less when tools were crossed than uncrossed. This suggests an extension of peripersonal space to incorporate the tips of the tools. Also consistent with previous findings, estimates of the felt distance between two points (tactile distance judgements) decreased after active tool-use. In contrast to our predictions, however, we found no evidence that pain interfered with performance on either task when compared to the control conditions. This suggests that the updating of peripersonal space and body representations is not disrupted by induced pain. Therefore, acute pain does not account for the distorted representations of the body and peripersonal space that can endure in people with chronic pain conditions.
Postperinatal mortality among infants discharged from special care units.
Authors: J Yardley, M P Wailoo, M Harman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Sur 2840 nouveau-nes ayant ete hospitalises en unite de soins intensifs, 30 sont morts peu apres. Cette mortalite est superieure a celle des nouveau-nes non soumis aux soins intensifs (10,6‰ contre 6,3‰). Causes de mort frequentes: «mort subite au berceau» a domicile, et a l'hopital malformations congenitales, infections
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic ulceration.
Authors: R. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1988)

American Society of Anaesthesiologists' (ASA) grade system (ASA I, healthy patient; ASA II, mild systemic disease; ASA III, severe, non- incapacitating systemic disease; ASA IV, severe, incapacitating systemic disease which is a constant threat to life; and ASA V, moribund patient, not expected to live for 24 hours with or without surgery) abnormal values were found in 1-5% of patients in grade I, 17% in grade II, 35% in grade III, and 48% in grades IV and V.' In addition, most abnormal values in patients in grade II were minor and not clinically important.Therefore patients in grades I and II do not need routine estimations of urea and electrolyte concentrations whereas those in grades III, IV, and V do, as the results are much more likely to be abnormal.I therefore suggest that this grading system, which could be easily learnt by junior medical staff, would be more appropriate than age as an indicator of the need for biochemical screening preoperatively.
A10.20 On the Origin of the Type I Interferon Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: TD de Jong, S Vosslamber, ML Eloranta, L Rönnblom, E Mantel, KA Gelderman, ME von Blomberg, IE Bultink, AE Voskuyl, CL Verweij
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> A role for type I interferon (IFN) activity is suggested in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the mechanism of induction of the IFN activity in SLE is rather known, this remains to be determined for RA. This study aims to characterise the source of IFN activity in RA serum. <h3>Methods</h3> Healthy PBMCs were exposed to serum from RA (n = 18) or SLE (n = 25) patients. IFNα protein production was measured in an immunoassay after 20 h incubation with 5% patient serum. Samples were also co-cultured with apoptotic or necrotic cell material, as this has proven to enhance IFNα production by SLE serum. Moreover, expression of IFN response genes (IRGs), IFNα and IFNβ mRNA was determined by qPCR after 4 h and 8 h incubation with 25% patient serum. To study the involvement of new protein synthesis, part of the samples was co-cultured with 2 µg/ml cycloheximide. All cultures were performed with healthy donor serum (NHS) as a negative control. <h3>Results</h3> As expected, SLE serum induces more IFNα protein production compared to NHS (p = 0.0006). This increases even further in the presence of dead cell material. RA serum does not show more IFNα protein inducing activity than NHS, although a small, nonsignificant increase was observed in the absence of dead cell material. With respect to IRG induction, both RA and SLE sera induced higher levels compared to NHS. SLE serum showed IRG induction at 4 h, which remained high after 8 h. The IRG induction at 8 h was not decreased by CHX treatment, indicating that it occurs independently of new protein synthesis, supporting a proposed direct effect by IFNα. RA serum induced IRG induction only after 8 h, which was inhibited upon CHX treatment, suggesting an indirect induction process. The IRG induction by RA serum was positively correlated with IFNβ mRNA induction at 4 h and 8 h (p = 0.0023 and p = 0.0130, respectively), but not with IFNα mRNA induction. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Altogether, these results indicate different mechanisms underlying the induction of type I IFN activity between SLE and RA.
Abstract 594: Effect of caloric restriction and high fat diet on azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis in LETO and OLETF rats
Authors: Chie Takasu, Tetsuyuki Takahashi, Keisuke Izumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We showed recently that diabetic and mildly obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats are more susceptible to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced Zymbal gland and intestinal carcinogenesis than control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. In the present study, we examined the effect of caloric restriction (CR) and high-fat diet (HFD) on AOM-induced carcinogenesis in these strains. Experiment 1: Six-week-old male LETO and OLETF rats (n=21) were given s.c. injections of 15 mg/kg AOM once weekly for 3 weeks, then fed, Group 1) control diet, Group 2) 20% CR diet, or Group 3) HFD (control diet with 10% safflower oil), and killed at 36 weeks of age. In LETO rats, the incidences of colon tumors (adenoma plus adenocarcinoma) in Groups 1-3 were 45%, 33% and 55%, respectively. Average number of tumors/rat in CR group was fewer than that in HFD group (P&amp;lt;0.05). In OLETF rats, the incidences of colon tumors in Groups 1-3 were 76%, 48% and 62%, respectively. Zymbal gland tumors in CR group developed later than those in control and HFD groups in OLETF rats. Experiment 2: Male LETO and OLETF rats (n=5) were fed control diet, 20% CR diet or HFD for 5 weeks, and killed at 24 weeks of age. In LETO rats, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, insulin and leptin levels decreased by 20% CR, and increased by HFD compared to the control group. In OLETF rats, those levels decreased by 20% CR, and increased by HFD except leptin. Expression of hepatic IGF-1 and Sirt-1 mRNA elevated by 20% CR in both strains. The liver of OLETF rat HFD group showed severe fatty change histologically. In conclusion, 20% CR inhibited, and HFD promoted colon carcinogenesis in LETO rats. In OLETF rats, 20% CR inhibited, but HFD did not promote colon carcinogenesis because of early development of Zymbal gland tumors. Hyperinsulinemia and/or hyperlipidemia may exert the promoting effect in rat carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 594. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-594