tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction after rotational atherectomy: predictors and influence on late outcome in the STRATAS trial
Authors: J.W. Moses, P.L. Whitlow, R.E. Kuntz, B.L. Sharat, M. Chauhan, B. Pino-Mauch, D.E. Cuttip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Brain Gene for Autism?
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in the Bare-Metal Stent Era
Authors: Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Satoshi Shizuta, Natsuhiko Ehara, Ryoji Taniguchi, Takahiro Doi, Kei Nishiyama, Neiko Ozasa, Naritatsu Saito, Kozo Hoshino, Hirokazu Mitsuoka, Mitsuru Abe, Masanao Toma, Toshihiro Tamura, Yoshisumi Haruna, Yukiko Imai, Satoshi Teramukai, Masanori Fukushima, Toru Kita
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Observational registries comparing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have reported long-term survival results that are discordant with those of randomized trials. Methods and Results— We conducted a multicenter study in Japan enrolling consecutive patients undergoing first CABG or PCI between January 2000 and December 2002. Among 9877 patients enrolled, 5420 (PCI: 3712, CABG: 1708) had multivessel disease without left main involvement. Because age is an important determinant when choosing revascularization strategies, survival analysis was stratified by either age ≥75 or &lt;75 years. Analyses were also performed in other relevant subgroups. Median follow-up interval was 1284 days with 95% follow-up rate at 2 years. At 3 years, unadjusted survival rates were 91.7% and 89.6% in the CABG and PCI groups, respectively (log rank P =0.26). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, survival outcome tended to be better after CABG (hazard ratio for death after PCI versus CABG [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 [0.99-1.53], P =0.06). Adjusted survival outcomes also tended to be better for CABG among elderly patients (HR [95%CI]: 1.37 [0.98-1.92] P =0.07), but not among nonelderly patients (HR [95% CI]: 1.09 [0.82-1.46], P =0.55). Unadjusted and adjusted survival outcome for CABG and PCI were not significantly different in any subgroups when elderly patients were excluded from analysis. Conclusions— In the CREDO-Kyoto registry, survival outcomes among patients &lt;75 years of age were similar after PCI and CABG, a result that is consistent with those of randomized trials.
Determinants of Elevated Pulse Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects With Uncomplicated Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Gary F. Mitchell, Yves Lacourcière, Jean-Pascal Ouellet, Joseph L. Izzo, Joel Neutel, Linda J. Kerwin, Alan J. Block, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Elevated pulse pressure (PP) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and is thought to be secondary to elastin fragmentation with secondary collagen deposition and stiffening of the aortic wall, leading to a dilated, noncompliant vasculature.By use of calibrated tonometry and pulsed Doppler, arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics were assessed in 128 subjects with uncomplicated systolic hypertension (supine systolic pressure > or =140 mm Hg off medication) and 30 normotensive control subjects of comparable age and gender. Pulse-wave velocity was assessed from tonometry and body surface measurements. Characteristic impedance (Zc) was calculated from the ratio of change in carotid pressure and aortic flow in early systole. Effective aortic diameter was assessed by use of the water hammer equation. Hypertensives were heavier (P<0.001) and had higher PP (P<0.001), which was attributable primarily to higher Zc (P<0.001), especially in women. Pulse-wave velocity was higher in hypertensives (P=0.001); however, this difference was not significant after adjustment for differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P>0.153), whereas increased Zc remained highly significant (P<0.001). Increased Zc in women and in hypertensive men was attributable to decreased effective aortic diameter, with no difference in wall stiffness at comparable MAP and body weight.Elevated PP in systolic hypertension was independent of MAP and was attributable primarily to elevated Zc and reduced effective diameter of the proximal aorta. These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis of secondary aortic degeneration, dilation, and wall stiffening but rather suggest that aortic function may play an active role in the pathophysiology of systolic hypertension.
Breast Cancer in Hypothyroid Women Using Thyroid Supplements
Authors: Daniel A. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The risk of breast cancer associated with thyroid supplementation for iatrogenic hypothyroidism was investigated in women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. One or more years after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, there were 47 cases of breast cancer observed among 1,665 women compared with 52.9 cases expected, a ratio of observed to expected cases (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) of 0.9. There was also no breast cancer excess among women who remained euthyroid (SIR = 1.0). Breast cancer risks were not influenced by various factors associated with the management of hyperthyroidism or subsequent hypothyroidism. No increased risk was observed in hypothyroid women categorized by breast cancer risk factors except for women who reported a previous breast biopsy, an excess also observed among euthyroid patients. The results of this study indicate that use of thyroid supplements does not increase the risk of breast cancer developing.
HIV testing should rise in areas of high prevalence, report says
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Screening for HIV should be automatically offered to new patients aged 15-59 in general practice and hospitals in parts of the United Kingdom with a high prevalence of the infection to try to reduce the rising number of new cases, says the Health Protection Agency.

An estimated 77 400 people had HIV in the UK in 2007, with 28% unaware of their infection, the agency’s annual reports on HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among gay men, has found.

All new patients aged 15-59 who register with a GP should be offered an HIV test along with patients admitted to hospital in areas where there are at least two HIV cases per …
A PERNIOTIC SYNDROME WITH MONOCYTOSIS AND NEUTROPENIA—A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION WITH A PRELEUKAEMIC STATE
Authors: R. MARKS, C. C. LIM, P. F. BORRIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. Three patients, all elderly men, are described with a perniotic type of skin involvement associated with an unusual blood picture with neutropenia and monocytosis. Haematological studies, including repeated marrow examination, have been suspicious of an underlying monocytic leukaemia in each case but no confirmatory evidence has been found and it is probable that these patients have a pre-leukaemic state. The pattern of skin involvement has been reminiscent of chilblain lupus erythematosus or sarcoidosis, and has been characterized by symmetrical involvement of the backs of the fingers, the toes, the ears and nose by violaceous plaques. The suggestion is made that these patients are examples of a distinct and previously unrecognized entity. The literature concerning the cutaneous manifestations of monocytic leukaemia is briefly reviewed.
Case 5-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Martin L. Gelman, Steven C. Quay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.She was well until 10 years previously, when palpitations occurred, and a physician heard a murmur. Digitalis was prescribed but was soon discontinued by the patient. She slept on two pillows for many years and noticed occasional pedal edema. Two years before admission she began to complain of heartburn. A physician made a diagnosis of a peptic ulcer, without radiographic studies, and prescribed an antacid, with relief of symptoms. Two and a half weeks before admission she began to experience weakness and substernal . . .
Injection Treatment of Hemorrhage Induced by Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: C. Vásconez, J. Llach, J. M. Bordas, A. Ginès, J. I. Elizalde, F. Mondelo, J. Terés
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Hemorrhage is one of the most common severe complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and the mortality after surgical treatment can be as high as 50%. We prospectively evaluated the effect of injection treatment in nine patients with appreciable hemorrhage after ES.Bleeding was detected immediately after ES in five patients and 48, 72, 120 and 216 hours after the procedure in the remaining four. Patients were treated with a combined injection of epinephrine and polidocanol (1-3 and 3-6 ml, respectively) into the bleeding site.Treatment was effective in arresting hemorrhage in all cases. Two patients had abnormal clotting tests, which emphasizes the importance of identifying risk factors for hemorrhage before ES. No patient required operation and there were no late complications related to the injection during a mean follow-up period of six months.Our results suggest that bleeding after sphincterotomy can be safely and effectively controlled by a combined epinephrine and polidocanol injection, thereby avoiding operation.
The Nitty-Gritty of Pollution
Authors: Henry F. Howe
Journal: JAMA (1970)

"Mr. Chairman, I rise as a representative of 1,800 shares of XYZ Electric Power Company, to protest this corporation's irresponsible chemical pollution of the air, water, and health of our region. We intend to advise consumers to withhold payment on their electric power bills until the corporation corrects this monstrous fouling of our lovely city! We also demand suspension of plans for that new nuclear plant which will fill our air and water with ionizing radiation and kill all the fish in the bay with thermal pollution!" The annual-meeting airing of such emotional reactions to environmental problems presents dilemmas to thousands of companies, and indeed to thousands of urban governments in the decade of Aquarius. Among these dilemmas are (1) a scientific community caught short with insufficient information about the actual and relative hazards of prolonged exposure of the population to small doses of potentially toxic agents, (2) an exploding
INTRAPLEURAL AND EXTRAPLEURAL PNEUMOLYSIS IN TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: LeROY S. PETERS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

After the discovery of the tubercle bacillus in 1882, the medical profession believed that it was only a matter of time when a cure for the disease was inevitable. Awaiting the advent of this blessing, sanatoriums were established, and the open air rest regimen was inaugurated. Associations were formed and an educational program was launched. So great was the enthusiasm that optimists expected that the disease would be eradicated in a ten-year period. After fifty years of this optimism, we of today can sit calmly back and, viewing the still large tuberculous population, realize that the dream of the early worker has not been realized. The curability of tuberculosis is still in the distant future. True, much has been done to cut down the mortality rate, but not the morbidity. Education of the profession has brought more and more early types of cases under treatment, so that often arrest of
Human T lymphocytes recognize a peptide of single point-mutated, oncogenic ras proteins.
Authors: S Jung, H J Schluesener
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

P21ras proteins are thought to play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Single nucleotide mutations in the encoding cellular proto-oncogenes often result in p21ras proteins with transforming activity. Such activated ras oncogenes have been demonstrated in a variety of human malignancies and also in preneoplastic changes. Using a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 5-16 of mutated p21ras proteins with an exchange of the normal glycine at position 12 by valine, it is shown here that human CD4+ T cells specifically recognize the mutated protein sequence and can be generated as antigen-specific T lymphocyte lines. The fact that these T lines did not crossreact to the sequence of normal p21ras proteins offers new perspectives for specific immunotherapy of human malignancies and even precancerous lesions.
Concerns raised over organ donation "matching" website
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK Human Tissue Authority is to investigate a website that puts people seeking organ transplants in direct contact with potential living donors for a registration fee.

The website, MatchingDonors, which is based in the United States, launched a UK version last week (www.matchingdonors.co.uk). An initial review by the authority said that the website charged up to $595 (£375; €470) for potential organ recipients to register.

Arranging so called “directed altruistic donations” is not illegal in the United Kingdom, providing that there is valid consent between the parties and that no reward is given, received, offered, or sought for the supply of an organ.

Allan Marriott-Smith, director of strategy and quality at the authority, said that it hoped to clarify how the website would operate …
Cost-Effectiveness of Extending Screening Mammography Guidelines To Include Women 40 to 49 Years of Age
Authors: Peter Salzmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Screening mammography is recommended for women 50 to 69 years of age because of its proven efficacy and reasonable cost-effectiveness. Extending screening recommendations to include women 40 to 49 years of age remains controversial. Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography in women of different age groups. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis done using Markov and Monte Carlo models. Patients: General population of women 40 years of age and older. Interventions: Biennial screening from 50 to 69 years of age was compared with no screening. Screening done every 18 months from ages 40 to 49 years, followed by biennial screening from ages 50 to 69 years, was compared with biennial screening from ages 50 to 69 years. Measurements: Life-expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results: Screening women from 50 to 69 years of age improved life expectancy by 12 days at a cost of $704 per woman, resulting in a cost-effectiveness ratio of $21 400 per year of life saved. Extending screening to include women 40 to 49 years of age improved life expectancy by 2.5 days at a cost of $676 per woman. The incremental cost-effectiveness of screening women 40 to 49 years of age was $105 000 per year of life saved. On the basis of a multiway sensitivity analysis, there is a 75% chance that screening mammography in women 50 to 69 years of age costs less than $50 000 per year of life saved, compared with a 7% chance in women 40 to 49 years of age. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness of screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age is almost five times that in older women. When breast cancer screening policies are being set, the incremental cost-effectiveness of extending mammographic screening to younger women should be considered.
The Simultaneous Determination of Muscle Cell pH Using a Weak Acid and Weak Base
Authors: Sheldon Adler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Should significant pH heterogeneity exist within cells then the simultaneous calculation of intracellular pH from the distribution of a weak acid will give a value closest to the highest pH in the system, whereas calculation from the distribution of a weak base will give a value closer to the lowest pH. These two values should then differ significantly. Intact rat diaphragms were exposed in vitro to varying bicarbonate concentrations (pure metabolic) and CO(2) tensions (pure respiratory), and steady-state cell pH was measured simultaneously either by distribution of the weak acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione-(14)C (pH DMO) or by distribution of the weak base nicotine-(14)C (pH nicotine). The latter compound was found suitable to measure cell pH since it was neither metabolized nor bound by rat diaphragms. At an external pH of 7.40, pH DMO was 7.17 while pH nicotine was 6.69-a pH difference of 0.48 pH units (P < 0.001). In either respiratory or metabolic alkalosis both DMO and pH nicotine rose so that differences between them remained essentially constant. Metabolic acidosis induced a decrease in both values though they fell more slowly than did extracellular pH. In contradistinction, in respiratory acidosis, decreasing extracellular pH from 7.40 to 6.80 resulted in 0.35 pH unit drop in pH DMO while pH nicotine remained constant. In every experiment, under all external conditions, pH DMO exceeded pH nicotine. These results indicate that there is significant pH heterogeneity within diaphragm muscle, but the degree of heterogeneity may vary under different external conditions. The metabolic implications of these findings are discussed. In addition, the data show that true overall cell pH is between 6.69 and 7.17-a full pH higher than would be expected from thermodynamic considerations alone. This implies the presence of active processes to maintain cell pH.
Blockade of β-Catenin Signaling by Plant Flavonoid Apigenin Suppresses Prostate Carcinogenesis in TRAMP Mice
Authors: Sanjeev Shukla, Gregory T. MacLennan, Chris A. Flask, Pingfu Fu, Anil Mishra, Martin I. Resnick, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Deregulation of β-catenin signaling is an important event in the genesis of several human malignancies including prostate cancer. We investigated the effects of apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, on prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice and further elucidated its mechanism of action. Oral intake of apigenin by gavage at doses of 20 and 50 μg/mouse/d, 6 days per week for 20 weeks, significantly decreased tumor volumes of the prostate as well as completely abolished distant-site metastases to lymph nodes, lungs, and liver in TRAMP mice. Apigenin-treated mice had significantly diminished weights of their genitourinary apparatuses and dorsolateral and ventral prostate lobes, compared with the control group, and showed reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in the dorsolateral prostates, which correlated with elevated plasma apigenin levels. Continuous intake of apigenin up to 50 weeks by TRAMP mice significantly improved their overall survival. P.o. administration of apigenin further resulted in increased levels of E-cadherin and decreased levels of nuclear β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 in the dorsolateral prostates of TRAMP mice. Similar effects were noted in TRAMP mice with established tumors. Treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells with 10 and 20 μmol/L apigenin also increased protein levels of E-cadherin by 27% to 74%, inhibited nuclear translocation of β-catenin and its retention in the cytoplasm, and decreased c-Myc and cyclin D1 levels, an effect similar to the exposure of cells to β-catenin small interfering RNA. Our results indicate that apigenin effectively suppressed prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice, at least in part, by blocking β-catenin signaling. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6925–35]
Abstract 500: DMP1 activates osteolytic cycle in a tumor environment
Authors: Asha S. Eapen, Anne George
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bone metastasis is one of the skeletal malignancies that could be caused by breast cancer. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic noncollagenous protein localized specifically in the mineralized matrix of bone and dentin. It is a multifunctional protein, involved in gene regulation (within the cell) and HAP nucleation (in the ECM). DMP1 is endocytosed by preosteoblasts, triggering the calcium dependent and calcium independent signaling pathways resulting in a series of downstream events leading to osteoblast differentiation. These signaling events facilitate the activation of a calcium dependent stress-induced p38 MAP kinase and a calcium independent integrin mediated ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway resulting in the expression of downstream target genes such as Runx2 and osteocalcin. Results from this study have shown that the osteoblast cells upon differentiation secrete receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) that stimulates the differentiation of precursor monocytes to osteoclasts. The study also focuses on identifying the role of DMP1 in breast cancer cells that could enhance osteoclast formation thereby accelerating bone resportion. Thus, the study reveals a new mechanism by which DMP1 can activate the vicious cycle leading to the aggressive growth and behavior of the cancer cells. To address the mechanism by which DMP1 might contribute to the osteolytic process, DMP1 was overexpressed in the metastatic cancer cell line MDA MB231. Upregulation of markers like Runx2, MMP2, MMP9, RANKL, OPN, BSP, VEGF and the activation of Smad2/3 and MAP kinase pathways (p38 and ERK1/2 pathways) were observed in overexpressed cells. Results from this study have shown that DMP1 secreted by the breast cancer cells into the extracellular environment could stimulate the differentiation of osteoblasts, leading to the secretion of factors that signal monocytes to differentiate to osteoclast thus resulting in bone metastasis. Overall, the results obtained from this study identify a new role for DMP1 in the differentiation of breast cancer tumor cells that may be directly related to their metastatic potential. Supported by NIH DE 115657 and the Brodie Endowment Fund Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 500. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-500