tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uses of the Autopsy
Authors: Milton G. Bohrod
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The autopsy is a method of studying health and disease. The methods of performing it have changed a little (but not much) since the days of Rokitansky and Virchow. But today in the study of disease, other methods are available which to many seem to be endowed with qualities more dynamic than the morphologic approach. Furthermore, with the present emphasis on experimental method, there is failure to see that the autopsy can also be used as an experiment. Pari passu, there has been a diminishing interest in pathologic anatomy and an increasing disinclination to find out what it really is or can be. There is no necessary correlation between a method of study and its fruitfulness. A method of investigation is not inherently either dynamic or static, but these terms apply, rather, to those who use the methods. The older Oliver Wendell Holmes could recreate living and breathing human activity
Fibrinolysis in colonic disease
Authors: C. H. J. Swan, J. A. Williams, W. T. Cooke
Journal: Gut (1970)

Fibrinolytic activity of colic venous and arterial blood has been studied at laparotomy in 18 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's colitis and compared with that of 17 patients with colonic carcinoma or diverticulosis. Using the dilute blood clot lysis time technique, no difference was detected between the fibrinolytic activity in colic venous blood from the two groups. When the clinical complications of bleeding or thrombosis are compared with fibrinolytic activity the only important association is between a low peripheral venous fibrinolytic activity and the occurrence of postoperative thrombo-embolic complications.
Joint remodelling in inflammatory disease
Authors: G. Schett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

AbstractBone and the immune system share multiple interactions. The skeleton harbours the bone marrow and provides the niche for development of haematopoietic cells including the immune system. The immune system provides cells as well as molecular signals, which regulate bone homeostasis. Understanding the cellular and molecular regulation of the tight interaction between bone and the immune system is crucial for understanding the changes of skeletal architecture during inflammation. Whereas a short and self-limited activation of the immune system has no clinically meaningful effect on bone, prolonged immune activation as found in chronic inflammatory disease inevitably leads to bone wasting.
Treatment of Hypertension With an Implantable Electronic Device
Authors: Aydin M. Bilgutay
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In some 90% to 95% of patients, the development of hypertension cannot be attributed to a definable cause.<sup>1</sup>One theory of the etiology of at least some forms of "essential hypertension" which has received experimental support is that of altered systemic pressure regulation by the "resetting" of the baroreceptor mechanisms.<sup>2-4</sup> Kubicek et al<sup>2</sup>demonstrated experimentally the mechanism of resetting by showing a systemic blood-pressure rise within 20 hours of continuous electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves and observing that pulse rates were normal, indicating that baroreceptor mechanisms were no longer attempting to compensate. As stimulation was stopped, blood pressure fell and pulse rate increased, indicating that the baroreceptor mechanisms had been "reset" at higher levels and were acting to oppose pressure fall. McCubbin<sup>4</sup>showed that while the regulatory mechanism of the carotid sinus is active in both normotensive and hypertensive dogs, the baroreceptors of renal hypertensive
Readability of Self-Care Instructional Pamphlets for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Steven B Leichter, Janice A Nieman, Robert W Moore, Peggy Collins, Anne Rhodes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The readability of written instructional materials for diabetic patients is an important consideration in their use. We assessed the readability of six commonly used patient teaching guides on diabetic self-care. In addition, two pamphlets developed by our program for diabetic patients with fifth to tenth grade reading ability were also studied as controls. The difficulty of reading each pamphlet was estimated by a novel computer program which simultaneously measures readability by seven accepted formulas. The scores derived by each formula are expressed individually, in terms of grade level difficulty, and then computed to obtain a composite mean score for each text. The composite mean scores obtained are highly reliable (a = 0.95). The six commercial pamphlets were estimated to have reading difficulty levels ranging from 5.3 to 14.1 grades. A primary factor that contributed to reading difficulty was the frequent use of polysyllabic words, including technical words. Certain individual test scores, not judged to be out of range, deviated from the mean composite scores by as much as 41.2%. The two pamphlets designed by the Kentucky Diabetes Program had composite reading difficulties of 7.5 and 8.2 grade levels, respectively. These data suggest that the use of systematic readability analysis should be carried out and reported for patient instructional material. This assessment should be carried out by multiple formulas to produce a more representative index of reading difficulty than the application of a single test.
Hirmi Valley liver disease: A disease associated with exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids and DDT
Authors: Oliver Robinson, Elizabeth Want, Muireann Coen, Ruth Kennedy, Catharina van den Bosch, Yohannes Gebrehawaria, Hiromi Kudo, Fouzia Sadiq, Robert D. Goldin, Michael L. Hauser, Alan Fenwick, Mireille B. Toledano, Mark R. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Consequences of Vascular Flow on Lung Injury Induced by Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: ALAIN F. BROCCARD, JOHN R. HOTCHKISS, NAOTO KUWAYAMA, DOUGLAS A. OLSON, SABA JAMAL, DOUGLAS O. WANGENSTEEN, JOHN J. MARINI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To investigate whether the magnitude of blood flow contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury, 14 sets of isolated rabbit lungs were randomized for perfusion at either 300 (Group A: n = 7) or 900 ml/ min (Group B: n = 7) while ventilated with 30 cm H2O peak static pressure. Control lungs (Group C: n = 7) were ventilated with lower peak static pressure (15 cm H2O) and perfused at 500 ml/min. Weight gain, changes in the ultrafiltration coefficient (ΔKf) and lung static compliance (Cl), and extent of hemorrhage (scored by histology) were compared. Group B had a larger decrease in Cl ( − 13 ± 11%) than Groups A (2 ± 6%) and C (5 ± 5%) (p < 0.05). Group B had more hemorrhage and gained more weight (16.2 ± 9.5 g) than Groups A (8.7 ± 3.4 g) and C (1.6 ± 1.0 g) (p < 0.05 for each pairwise comparison between groups). Finally, Kf (g · min− 1 · cm H2O− 1 · 100 g− 1) increased the most in Group B (ΔKf = 0.26 ± 0.20 versus 0.17 ± 0.10 in Group A and 0.05 ± 0.04 in Group C; p < 0.05 for B versus C). We conclude that the intensity of lung perfusion contributes to ventilator- induced lung injury in this model.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α Protects the Heart From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Tian-li Yue, Weike Bao, Beat M. Jucker, Juan-li Gu, Anne M. Romanic, Peter J. Brown, Jianqi Cui, Douglas T. Thudium, Rogely Boyce, Cynthia L. Burns-Kurtis, Rosanna C. Mirabile, Karpagam Aravindhan, Eliot H. Ohlstein
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) is expressed in the heart and regulates genes involved in myocardial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The role of PPAR-alpha in acute ischemia/reperfusion myocardial injury remains unclear.The coronary arteries of male mice were ligated for 30 minutes. After reperfusion for 24 hours, ischemic and infarct sizes were determined. A highly selective and potent PPAR-alpha agonist, GW7647, was administered by mouth for 2 days, and the third dose was given 1 hour before ischemia. GW7647 at 1 and 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) reduced infarct size by 28% and 35%, respectively (P<0.01), and myocardial contractile dysfunction was also improved. Cardioprotection by GW7647 was completely abolished in PPAR-alpha-null mice. Ischemia/reperfusion downregulated mRNA expression of cardiac PPAR-alpha and FAO enzyme genes, decreased myocardial FAO enzyme activity and in vivo cardiac fat oxidation, and increased serum levels of free fatty acids. All of these changes were reversed by GW7647. Moreover, GW7647 attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited neutrophil accumulation and myocardial expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2. Furthermore, GW7647 inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB activation in the heart, accompanied by enhanced levels of inhibitor-kappaBalpha.Activation of PPAR-alpha protected the heart from reperfusion injury. This cardioprotection might be mediated through metabolic and antiinflammatory mechanisms. This novel effect of the PPAR-alpha agonist could provide an added benefit to patients treated with PPAR-alpha activators for dyslipidemia.
Electrocardiographic Indications of Atrial Puncture during Pericardiocentesis
Authors: Richard E. Kerber, J. Douglas Ridges, Donald C. Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

PERICARDIOCENTESIS with electrocardiographic monitoring, with the use of the technic suggested by Bishop et al.1 of employing the pericardial needle as an exploring electrode, is widely practiced. Elevation of the ST segment indicates that contact of the needle with the ventricular epicardium or myocardium has been made.The purpose of this report is to emphasize the electrocardiographic manifestations of inadvertent puncture of the right atrium during pericardiocentesis.M.M. (S.U.H. 30–40–16), a 47-year-old Japanese woman, underwent catheterization of the right and, retrograde, of the left sides of the heart that confirmed the diagnosis of endocardial-cushion defect. Left ventricular angiography performed through . . .
Malignant Transformation but not Normal Cell Growth Depends on Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
Authors: Karni Schlessinger, David E. Levy
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been indirectly implicated in numerous fundamental cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We provide genetic evidence from studies of STAT3-null cells that STAT3 is dispensable for normal growth of mouse fibroblasts in culture. STAT3 contributed to the full induction of some (typified by c-fos) but not all (typified by c-myc) immediate early gene expression, but STAT3-independent processes were sufficient to support full cell growth and survival. However, STAT3 was required to manifest a transformed state following expression of v-src, and STAT3-null cells were impaired for anchorage-independent growth as colonies in soft agar and as tumors in mice. The data suggest that STAT3 mediates the maintenance of focal adhesion kinase activity in the absence of cell adhesion by suppressing the action of an inhibitory phosphatase.
Oxidation-Specific Biomarkers and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Monica L. Bertoia, Jennifer K. Pai, Jun-Hee Lee, Adam Taleb, Michel M. Joosten, Murray A. Mittleman, Xiaohong Yang, Joseph L. Witztum, Eric B. Rimm, Sotirios Tsimikas, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Smallest Tumor Which Causes Sudden Death
Authors: Paul L. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PRIMARY MESOTHELIOMA of the atrioventricular (AV) node is a tumor of uncertain origin and an unusual cause for complete heart block accompanied by Adams-Stokes attacks and sudden death. A majority of these lesions are classified as primary mesothelioma of the AV node, originating from misplaced epicardial tissue. The first case was reported in 1911 by Armstrong and Mönckeberg,<sup>1</sup>only a minimal number of cases have been reported since then. We recently observed a similar case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of severe dyspnea after exertion of a few hours' duration. Approximately four years previously, the patient had begun to experience mild exertional dyspnea associated with substernal chest pain radiating to the left arm. There was no cough or hemoptysis. He complained of a gradual gain in weight during the past few months, with swelling of the abdomen, scrotum, and legs.
Effects of Atrial Dilatation on Refractory Period and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in the Isolated Langendorff-Perfused Rabbit Heart
Authors: Flavia Ravelli, Maurits Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently observed under conditions that are associated with atrial dilatation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atrial dilatation on the substrate of AF. Methods and Results In 15 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, the interatrial septum was perforated, and after occlusion of the caval and pulmonary veins, biatrial pressure was increased by raising the level of an outflow cannula in the pulmonary artery. Right and left atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs), monophasic action potentials (MAPs), and inducibility of AF by single premature stimuli were measured as a function of atrial pressure. Increasing the atrial pressure from 0.5±0.7 to 16.2±2.2 cm H 2 O resulted in a progressive shortening of the right AERP from 82.2±9.8 to 48.0±5.1 ms. In the left atrium, an increase in pressure up to 7.4±0.3 cm H 2 O had no effect on the AERP. At higher pressures, however, the left AERP also shortened, from 67.5±7.5 to 49.3±2.0 ms. The duration of MAPs also decreased by an increase in atrial pressure, showing a high correlation with the shortening in AERP ( r =.94, P &lt;.01). All these changes were completely reversible within 3 minutes after release of the atrial stretch. Dilatation of the atria was a major determinant for the vulnerability to AF. The inducibility of AF increased from 0% at low pressures to 100% when the atrial pressure was &gt;10 cm H 2 O. Release of the atrial wall stress resulted in prompt cardioversion of AF. The increased vulnerability for AF was highly correlated with the shortening in AERP (logistic regression r =.97). No correlation was found with the spatial dispersion between right and left AERPs. Conclusions Increased atrial pressure in the isolated rabbit heart resulted in a significant increase in vulnerability to AF that was closely correlated to shortening of the AERP. These changes were completely reversible within 3 minutes after release of the atrial stretch, resulting in prompt termination of AF.
Pulmonary administration of prostacyclin (PGI2) during partial liquid ventilation in an oleic acid-induced lung injury: inhalation of aerosol or intratracheal instillation?
Authors: Koichi Nakazawa, Kuninori Yokoyama, Yoshiyasu Matsuzawa, Koshi Makita, Keisuke Amaha
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
NET SPLANCHNIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION IN NORMAL MAN AND IN VARIOUS DISEASE STATES 1
Authors: J. D. Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The liver is generally recognized as the major, if not the sole source of glucose to the body in the postabsorptive state. Estimation of the amount of glucose produced by the liver has been difficult until recent years because of the problem of meas- uring hepatic blood flow and of obtaining the proper bloods for calculation of the arterial- hepatic venous and arterial-portal venous glu- cose differences. Soskin and coworkers (1), how- ever, did make estimates of the hepatic glucose balance in extensively operated dogs. The recent introduction of the procedure of catheterization of the hepatic veins of man (2) has allowed estima- tion of the hepatic blood flow (3, 4) and the col- lection of blood samples from those veins for the determination of the glucose difference between hepatic venous and arterial bloods. This tech- nique has been used by Bondy (5, 6) and ourselves (7) in the study of hepatic carbohydrate balance in normal and diabetic subjects. The product of the arterial-hepatic venous glu- cose difference and the hepatic blood flow pro- vides the splanchnic glucose production. The splanchnic area as used in this paper constitutes the liver plus the various viscera drained by the portal vein. The splanchnic blood flow is equal to the total hepatic blood flow in the absence of sig- nificant portal venous collaterals. The hepatic glucose output, however, exceeds the splanchnic glucose output, as calculated from the hepatic blood flow and the arterial-hepatic venous glucose difference, since the liver must make up for what- ever glucose is consumed by the various portal viscera. The net splanchnic glucose output is thus defined as the hepatic glucose output minus the glucose consumption of the organs drained by the portal vein. The liver itself may be utilizing
Bacteremia Associated with Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Merle A. Sande, Mathew E. Levinson, Daniel S. Lukas, Donald Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

BACTEREMIA during cardiac catheterization has been reported to occur in 4 to 18 per cent of patients undergoing the procedure.1 , 2 However, in both published studies, blood for culture was obtained from the intravascular catheter or the vessel from which the catheter had been removed. It is therefore possible that some of the organisms isolated represented contamination of the external part of the catheter or the site of insertion and that bacteremia is much less frequent during catheterization.The present study was undertaken to determine the true frequency of bacteremia during and after cardiac catheterization as well as that of fever. . . .
The Burning of the Books.
Authors: L. G. Rhodes
Journal: JAMA (1905)

South Haven, Mich., Dec. 18, 1905.. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just read the letter of Dr. B. Holmes inThe Journalof Dec. 16 on the "Burning of Books," and I must enter a protest against such wholesale denunciation of all medical books older than the last edition. To my mind, the fathers in medicine, be they old or new, deserve not only our respect, but their teachings and their books are worthy of our serious thought and study. There is something more due them and ourselves than— "As dutious sons we fondly wished Our fathers were more wise." Truth is not always most abundant in things ultra new. There is no greater danger of falling into error by going slow than by going too fast. The same desire of the public which demands two editions of a daily paper, with extras between, seems to consume some medical men,
Vitamin C and Cancer
Authors: Robert E. Wittes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This issue of the Journal contains the most recent chapter in a very interesting and probably unfinished story: Does ascorbic acid have a role in the treatment of human cancer? By the late 1960s several lines of evidence led to the notion that this vitamin might act to control or inhibit the growth of malignant tumors. Ascorbate was postulated to increase host resistance against cancer by a variety of mechanisms, including enhancing lymphocyte function, increasing the resistance of the intercellular ground substance to hydrolysis by hyaluronidase elaborated by tumor cells, and protecting the pituitary–adrenal axis from the effects of stress. . . .
Medicine and Health on the Internet
Authors: Donald A. B. Lindberg, Betsy L. Humphreys
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influences on older people’s decision making regarding choice of topical or oral NSAIDs for knee pain: qualitative study
Authors: Dawn Carnes, Yasir Anwer, Martin Underwood, Geoff Harding, Suzanne Parsons
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To explore the factors that influence older people's decision making regarding use of topical or oral ibuprofen for their knee pain.Qualitative interview study nested within a randomised controlled trial and a patient preference study that compared advice to use oral or topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for knee pain in older people.11 general practices.30 people aged > or =50 with knee pain.Participants' decision making was influenced by their perceptions of the associated risk of adverse effects, presence of other illness, nature of their pain, advice received, and practicality. Although participants' understanding of how the medications worked was sometimes poor their decision making about the use of NSAIDs seemed logical and appropriate. Participants' model for treatment was to use topical NSAIDs for mild, local, and transient pain and oral NSAIDs for moderate to severe, generalised, and constant pain (in the absence of other more serious illness or risk of adverse effects). Participants showed marked tolerance and normalisation of adverse effects.Participants had clear ideas about the appropriate use of oral and topical NSAIDs. Taking such views into account when prescribing may improve adherence, judgment of efficacy, and the doctor-patient relationship. Tolerance and normalisation of adverse effects in these patients indicate that closer monitoring of older people who use NSAIDs might be needed.