tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-392: Ethnic/racial differences in bladder cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Veronica W. Setiawan, Brian E. Henderson, Lynne R. Wilkens, Laurence N. Kolonel, Loic Le Marchand
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Few studies have examined differences in bladder cancer risk among ethnic groups in the United States. We investigated racial/ethnic differences in bladder cancer risk and cancer stage and risk factors for bladder cancer among 189,998 African-American, Japanese-American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We included 880 incident cases of bladder cancer (685 males and 195 females) identified in the cohort over an 11-year period, between baseline (1993 through 1996) and 2004. Data on known/potential risk factors for bladder cancer were obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Among many potential risk factors examined, only cigarette smoking-related variables (e.g. cigarette dose, years of smoking, pack-years, and years since quitting) were significantly associated with risk of bladder cancer in both men and women; the associations were observed in all five racial/ethnic groups. Racial/ethnic differences in bladder cancer risk were observed in men (P&amp;lt;0.0001) and women (P=0.001). Whites, by far, had the highest risk of bladder cancer compared to other racial/ethnic groups; the relative risks (RRs) (vs. Whites) were 0.65 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.53, 0.80] for African Americans, 0.63 (95%CI: 0.46, 0.86) for Native Hawaiians, 0.59 (95%CI: 0.49, 0.69) for Japanese, and 0.41 (95%CI: 0.33, 0.50) for Latinos. After adjustment for cigarette dose, the RRs were 0.69 (95%CI: 0.56, 0.85) for African Americans, 0.65 (95%CI: 0.47, 0.89) for Native Hawaiians, 0.62 (95%CI: 0.52, 0.73) for Japanese, and 0.48 (95%CI: 0.38, 0.59) for Latinos. Similar results were obtained when other smoking variables were considered for adjustment. Although Whites had the highest risk of developing bladder cancer, African-American (P=0.007) and Latino (P=0.008) women were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced disease. Among current and former cigarette smokers, regardless of their smoking dose, Whites were more susceptible to bladder cancer than African Americans, Hawaiians, Japanese, and Latinos. Results from this study suggest that differences in self-reported smoking characteristics among men and women of different races/ethnicities do not fully explain interethnic differences in bladder cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-392.
Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Authors: G. van der Wal, R. J M Dillmann
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands is often used as an argument in debates outside the Netherlands--hence a clear description of the Dutch situation is important. This article summarises recent data and discusses conceptual issues and relevant characteristics of the system of health care. Special emphasis is put on regulation, including relevant data on notification and prosecution. Besides the practice of euthanasia the Dutch are confronted with the gaps in reporting of cases to the public prosecutor and the existence of cases of ending a life without an explicit request. Nevertheless, the "Dutch experiment" need not inevitably lead down the slippery slope because of the visibility and openness of this part of medical practice. This will lead to increased awareness, more safeguards, and improvement of medical decisions concerning the end of life.
PROSPECTS FOR ANTIBODY-TARGETED RADIOTHERAPY OF CANCER
Authors: T.E Wheldon, J.A O'Donoghue, A.A Epenetos, D Snook, G Rowlinson, G Hooker, R.H.J Begent, J.A Ledermann, F Searle, K.D Bagshawe, B.G Ward, S.J Mather, J.H Shepherd, K.E Britton, M Granowska, M.L Slevin
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Abstract B31: Lung fibroblast enhances MMP-1 secretion when co-cultured with human lung cancer cells in the 4D lung cancer model
Authors: Dhruva Kumar Mishra, Michael J. Thrall, Jonathan M. Kurie, Min P. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer development, progression and metastasis. However, it is difficult to determine the effect of fibroblast on lung cancer cells in patients with lung cancer. Recently, we have developed a novel ex vivo 4D lung cancer model that mimic the biology of human lung cancer growth. In order to determine the viability of the normal lung fibroblast, Wi-38, when grown in the 4D model, we grew Wi-38, alone or with A549, in the epithelial space of the acellular matrix of the 4D model with media that was continuously perfused through the vascular space. We performed a lobectomy on days 4, 6, 8, 11 and 14 from the 4D model. We performed H&amp;E of the lobectomy specimen of Wi-38 grown alone and immunohistochemistry for CK7 cells for the lobectomy specimen of A549 grown with Wi-38. Next, we grew either A549 or H1299 alone or with Wi-38 in the 4D model and collected circulating media. We measured the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) profiles of the circulating media on days 3, 6, 9,12 and 15 using Millipore Luminex kit. We used student t-test to determine the significant difference of MMP levels between the two conditions. When lung fibroblast, Wi-38, was grown on the 4D model alone there was viable fibroblast on day 14; however, when Wi-38 was grown with A549, there was a significantly less number of fibroblast (CK7 negative cells) on day 14 (2±1%) compared to day 4 (50±9%, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). For both H1299 grown with Wi-38 and A549 grown with Wi-38, there were significantly higher levels of MMP-1 on day 3 and day 6 compared with cancer cells grown alone (p&amp;lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of MMP-10 for all days of the experiment. Our study shows that when Wi-38 fibroblast is cultured with A549, the amount of fibroblast decreases over time and A549 grows in the acellular matrix. The study shows that fibroblast enhances MMP-1 production but not MMP-10 production for both H1299 and A549 cells. Overall, this study shows that both human fibroblast and cancer cells can grow together on acellular matrix and fibroblast may modify tumor progression by production of MMPs. Citation Format: Dhruva Kumar Mishra, Michael J. Thrall, Jonathan M. Kurie, Min P. Kim. Lung fibroblast enhances MMP-1 secretion when co-cultured with human lung cancer cells in the 4D lung cancer model. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B31. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B31
Projecting the Incidence of AIDS
Authors: Mitchell H. Gail, Ron Brookmeyer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Projections of the course of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are crucial for developing public health policies to control the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to meet future health care needs. The first Public Health Service projection<sup>1</sup>was 270 000 cumulative AIDS cases in the United States by the end of 1991. This projection was made at the 1986 Coolfont Planning Conference, at which time fewer than 30 000 AIDS cases had been reported, and, although this projection appears to have overestimated the incidence of AIDS somewhat, it has proved to be a good guide for health planning. The original successful Coolfont projection was based on simple extrapolation of the observed incidence of AIDS.<sup>2</sup>Successful extrapolation depends on a fortunate choice of the mathematical curve used, and certain specialized mathematical functions can produce surprising results. For example, in this issue ofThe Journal, Bregman
The Prevalence of Circulating Anti-Nuclear and Rheumatoid Factors in United States Coal Miners.
Authors: M. Lippmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Prevalence of Circulating Anti-Nuclear and Rheumatoid Factors in United States Coal Miners.M. Lippmann, M.D., H. L. Eckert, M.D., F.A.C.P., N. Hahon, Sc.M., W. K. C. Morgan, M.D., F.A.C.P.M. Lippmann, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. L. Eckert, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, N. Hahon, Sc.M.Search for more papers by this author, W. K. C. Morgan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-833_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerums from 156 underground coal miners were examined for rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody. Serums from 51 underground and surface miners with normal X rays served as controls. A relation between humoral autoimmune activity and the radiographic type of nodular opacity was sought. The serums were divided into four groups, according to the miner's chest X ray: (1) complicated pneumoconiosis (progressive massive fibrosis), (2) simple pneumoconiosis, (3) normal, and (4) features suggestive of Caplan's syndrome. Group 4 was divided into three subgroups (4a, b, and c) : those with classical factors of Caplan's syndrome, those whose X rays were suggestive... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Morgantown, West Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHypersensitivity Reactions to Hormones 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 833-833KeywordsAntinuclear antibodiesFibrosisPneumoconiosesThorax Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PI3K and Btk differentially regulate B cell antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction
Authors: Harumi Suzuki, Satoshi Matsuda, Yasuo Terauchi, Mari Fujiwara, Toshiaki Ohteki, Tomoichiro Asano, Timothy W. Behrens, Taku Kouro, Kiyoshi Takatsu, Takashi Kadowaki, Shigeo Koyasu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Predictive Value of Urodynamic Evaluation in Newborns With Myelodysplasia
Authors: Stuart B. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We examined 36 infants with myelodysplasia, using excretory urography, voiding cystourethrography, and urodynamic assessment in the newborn period and periodically thereafter to determine those at risk for decompensation of the urinary tract. Urodynamic evaluation showed 18 with dyssynergia of the detrusor and external sphincter, nine with synergic activity of the sphincter, and nine with no activity of the sphincter. Thirteen (72%) of the group with dyssynergia had or later were found to have hydroureteronephrosis, while this was the case in only two (22%) with synergy and one (11%) with absent activity. The conditions of these 16 patients improved after decompression by cutaneous vesicostomy or intermittent catheterization. Infants with dyssynergia of the detrusor-external sphincter are at high risk for deterioration of the urinary tract; they should be followed up closely, and intermittent catheterization should be started early. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:650-652)
Staphylococcus aureus activates type I IFN signaling in mice and humans through the Xr repeated sequences of protein A
Authors: Francis J. Martin, Marisa I. Gomez, Dawn M. Wetzel, Guido Memmi, Maghnus O’Seaghdha, Grace Soong, Christian Schindler, Alice Prince
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The activation of type I IFN signaling is a major component of host defense against viral infection, but it is not typically associated with immune responses to extracellular bacterial pathogens. Using mouse and human airway epithelial cells, we have demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus activates type I IFN signaling, which contributes to its virulence as a respiratory pathogen. This response was dependent on the expression of protein A and, more specifically, the Xr domain, a short sequence-repeat region encoded by DNA that consists of repeated 24-bp sequences that are the basis of an internationally used epidemiological typing scheme. Protein A was endocytosed by airway epithelial cells and subsequently induced IFN-beta expression, JAK-STAT signaling, and IL-6 production. Mice lacking IFN-alpha/beta receptor 1 (IFNAR-deficient mice), which are incapable of responding to type I IFNs, were substantially protected against lethal S. aureus pneumonia compared with wild-type control mice. The profound immunological consequences of IFN-beta signaling, particularly in the lung, may help to explain the conservation of multiple copies of the Xr domain of protein A in S. aureus strains and the importance of protein A as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal pneumonia.
630 RIBAVIRIN (RBV) DOSAGE AS INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF RVR IN HCV GENOTYPE 2 (HCV-2) AND 3 (HCV-3) PATIENTS UNDERGOING COMBINED TREATMENT WITH PEG INTERFERON (PEG-IFN) ALPHA-2B
Authors: A. Mangia, O. Dalgard, N. Minerva, H. Verbaan, G. Scotto, D. Bacca, E. Agostinacchio, K. Bjoro, V. Carretta, V. Piazzolla, R. Cozzolongo, M. Romano, L. Mottola, A. Andriulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Fatal Infectious Mononucleosis in a Family
Authors: Robert S. Bar, C. Joseph DeLor, Kathryn P. Clausen, Paul Hurtubise, Werner Henle, John F. Hewetson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A 16-year-old boy with a fulminating lymphoproliferative disease, initially believed to be infectious mononucleosis, died within eight days. A herpes-group virus was found on electron microscopy of cells from a lymph-node biopsy. Its identification as Epstein-Barr virus was supported by evidence for transformation of cord-blood leukocytes by spleen extracts, a reaction that was inhibited by neutralizing antibody against the Epstein-Barr virus. Virus DNA sequences were demonstrated in spleen extracts. Immunofluorescent studies disclosed replacement of T lymphocytes by atypical B lymphocytes in blood, in association with loss of mitogen-stimulated leukocyte transformation. These observations are compatible with either an inadequate host response to a common virus or a uniquely aggressive lymphoproliferative disease caused by, or associated with, the Epstein-Barr virus. Since three male cousins died of a strikingly similar disease between the ages of seven and 22 years, a genetically determined defect in host response to the virus is a more likely explanation. (N Engl J Med 290:363–367, 1974)
Striking Three-Phase Bone Scan of Hypervascular Bone Metastases
Authors: MANISH GOYAL, ARTHUR J. KENNEY, LAURENCE G. HANELIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Three-phase bone scintigraphy is not routinely used to detect skeletal metastatic disease, because the findings in the immediate flow and blood pool images are often unimpressive and nonspecific. Sometimes, however, hypervascular bone metastases may exhibit such intense hyperemia that the abnormality is far more striking in the radionuclide angiographic and blood pool phases than on delayed osseous phase images. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 73-year-old man, who previously had a right nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, underwent a Tc-99m MDP three-phase bone scan for right hip pain of recent onset. (A) The immediate angiographic phase anterior images of the pelvis acquired at 5-second intervals show immediate intense activity in the right iliac bone and ischial tuberosity signifying marked hyperemia in these areas. The abnormal focus in the ischial tuberosity also indicates early venous drainage (arrowheads), suggesting rapid arteriovenous shunting. (B) On the blood-pool phase images, there is persistent moderate activity in these hypervascular areas. (C) Delayed osseous phase images of the pelvis at 3 hours also reveal moderately increased activity in the right ischial tuberosity, although this is less striking than the abnormality seen in the early images. The lesion in the right ilium superolateral to the acetabulum is seen as a subtle area of photopenia, with a peripheral rim of activity best appreciated on the right posterior oblique projection (arrowheads). Although skeletal metastatic lesions sometimes are hypervascular, demonstrating increased activity in early bone scans, typically the focal hyperemia is not very intense (1,2). Hypervascular metastases generally arise from hypernephromas, thyroid carcinoma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, and melanomas (3).Figure 1: ContinuedFIGURE 2Fig. 2: A correlative anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis shows a destructive lesion in the right ilium near the acetabulum (arrows). An expansile trabeculated lytic lesion is seen in the right ischial tuberosity. Skeletal metastases from renal and thyroid cancers may present with expansile and bubbly lesions, which are known as “blowout” metastases (3).
FTY720 demonstrates promising preclinical activity for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Qing Liu, Xiaobin Zhao, Frank Frissora, Yihui Ma, Ramasamy Santhanam, David Jarjoura, Amy Lehman, Danilo Perrotti, Ching-Shih Chen, James T. Dalton, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2007)
Presentation of viral antigen to class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Recognition of an immunodominant influenza hemagglutinin site by cytotoxic T lymphocyte is independent of the position of the site in the hemagglutinin translation product.
Authors: Y S Hahn, V L Braciale, T J Braciale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted T lymphocytes preferentially recognize fragments of polypeptides processed through a nonendosomal presentation pathway. At present the intracellular compartment(s) in which polypeptide fragmentation occurs and factors which influence the formation of an antigenic epitope are not well understood. To assess the role of residues flanking an antigenic site in the generation of the antigenic moiety recognized by class I MHC restricted T lymphocytes we have moved the coding sequence for an immunodominant H-2Kd restricted site on the influenza A/JAPAN/57 hemagglutinin (residues 202-221) by site-directed mutagenesis to six different positions along the coding sequence of the hemagglutinin gene. We have found that all six classes of mutants are recognized by MHC class I restricted T cells as efficiently as the wild type hemagglutinin gene product. Thus neither N-terminal to C-terminal position within the translation product nor sequences flanking the antigenic site influence processing.
Coping with Serbian repression in an Albanian population.
Authors: L Jones
Journal: BMJ (1993)

present time and should feed into the ongoing debates about health sector restructuring-namely, public health and policy including health economics, epidemiology, health systems research, primary health care development, education and training of health personnel, health promotion, and health services management.A strong public health influence on health sector planning will be necessary, as will be the development of a cadre of skilled health service managers-both totally lacking in South Africa today.Clinical expertise, too, is of extreme value, but it needs to be proffered in the context of improving appropriate levels of care, with an eye kept on cost effectiveness and enhancing quality.Lastly, individuals travelling to South Africa should make it their objective to learn about what is happening in the country.Whether they are invited to attend a conference or to practise in the health care services, they should make a point of finding out about the population served by that service.Who has access?Where do the people come from?How much do they pay?What service is available to them at home?Individuals should seek to visit the more peripheral areas and get out of the urban centres, big hospitals, and plush surroundings in order to see something of the real problems facing the vast majority of South Africans.For most people, life is what it always has been: much more radical change is required before their lot will be improved.Visitors should be cognisant of the real challenge facing health workers in South Africa: transforming the sociopolitical and economic environment into one that is health promoting, and devising a health service that is equitable, of high quality, accessible, and available to all.
Panniculitis, Vasculitis, and a Positive Lupus Erythematosus Cell Test
Authors: Kenneth L. Macoul
Journal: JAMA (1967)

RELAPSING, nodular, nonsuppurative panniculitis is rare and of unknown etiology. It is characterized by fever (87% of cases)<sup>1</sup>and spontaneous appearance of subcutaneous nodules on the extremities or trunk. The following have been suggested as possible causes of subcutaneous, nodular panniculitis<sup>2</sup>: halogen compounds, infections (especially tuberculosis), trauma, faulty fat metabolism, drug ingestion, and antigen-antibody reactions.<sup>3</sup>Cases of migratory, nonsuppurative panniculitis have also been reported in association with rheumatoid arthritis,<sup>4,5</sup>erythema nodosum,<sup>5</sup>dermatomyositis,<sup>5</sup>and sarcoid.<sup>6</sup>Thus it has been suggested that migratory nodular panniculitis is related to collagen disorders. The following report is an interesting case of afebrile, nodular, nonsuppurative panniculitis in a patient with positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell tests, ulcerative colitis, erythema nodosum, and small-vessel vasculitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old widow (197854) entered the Mount Auburn Hospital for the ninth time on July 23, 1965 complaining of lumps on all
302 IMPACT OF A HIGH RIBAVIRIN DOSE PER WEIGHT ON RESPONSE TO RETREATMENT AFTER RELAPSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN
Authors: C. Stern, M. Martinot-Peignoux, M.P. Ripault, A.-C. Cardoso, R.J. Carvalho-Filho, N. Boyer, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Loss of meiosis in Aspergillus
Authors: D. M. Geiser, W. E. Timberlake, M. L. Arnold
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

If strictly mitotic asexual fungi lack recombination, the conventional view predicts that they are recent derivatives from older meiotic lineages. We tested this by inferring phylogenetic relationships among closely related meiotic and strictly mitotic taxa with Aspergillus conidial (mitotic) states. Phylogenies were constructed by using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, and the nuclear 5.8S ribosomal gene. Over 920 bp of sequence was analyzed for each taxon. Phylogenetic analysis of both the mitochondrial and nuclear data sets showed at least four clades that possess both meiotic and strictly mitotic taxa. These results support the hypothesis that strictly mitotic lineages arise frequently from more ancient meiotic lineages with Aspergillus conidial states. Many of the strictly mitotic species examined retained characters that may be vestiges of a meiotic state, including the production of sclerotia, sclerotium-like structures, and hülle cells.