tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is Dynamic Psychotherapy Contraindicated for a Large Number of Patients with Psychosomatic Diseases?
Authors: P.E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Although analysts have recommended psychodynamic therapy with modification, for patients suffering from psychosomatic diseases, there seems to be little useful information about the value of such psychological treatments. Psychosomatic patients in considerable numbers seem to lack an ability to verbalize an awareness of emotions, and an ability to express them appropriately, therefore they tend to get more by psychodynamic psychotherapy. A case example illustrating their points, is briefly presented in this paper.
OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: A. H. TERRY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In September, 1919, one room for women patients at the Presbyterian Hospital Dispensary was devoted to the care and study of cases diagnosed as obesity. While the result of treatment was not startling, the incidence of hypertension and the influence of diet are here noted. The method employed was a reducing diet calculated to contain sufficient protein and yet to be nonsustaining in calories for the average working woman to maintain her body weight. This relatively high protein diet contained a total of about 1,700 calories, with about 87 gm. of protein. Whenever fewer calories were found necessary to bring about reduction, first the butter (200 calories), then the bread (300 calories), and then the starchy vegetable was removed. Such a diet was found to be far from ideal and not very exact, but nevertheless workable for the patient as well as for the physician. <h3>REDUCING DIET</h3> Breakfast: One orange
The Role of Viral Introductions in Sustaining Community-Based HIV Epidemics in Rural Uganda: Evidence from Spatial Clustering, Phylogenetics, and Egocentric Transmission Models
Authors: Mary K. Grabowski, Justin Lessler, Andrew D. Redd, Joseph Kagaayi, Oliver Laeyendecker, Anthony Ndyanabo, Martha I. Nelson, Derek A. T. Cummings, John Baptiste Bwanika, Amy C. Mueller, Steven J. Reynolds, Supriya Munshaw, Stuart C. Ray, Tom Lutalo, Jordyn Manucci, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Larry W. Chang, Chris Beyrer, Jacky M. Jennings, Fred Nalugoda, David Serwadda, Maria J. Wawer, Thomas C. Quinn, Ronald H. Gray
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Background It is often assumed that local sexual networks play a dominant role in HIV spread in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which continued HIV transmission in rural communities—home to two-thirds of the African population—is driven by intra-community sexual networks versus viral introductions from outside of communities. Methods and Findings We analyzed the spatial dynamics of HIV transmission in rural Rakai District, Uganda, using data from a cohort of 14,594 individuals within 46 communities. We applied spatial clustering statistics, viral phylogenetics, and probabilistic transmission models to quantify the relative contribution of viral introductions into communities versus community- and household-based transmission to HIV incidence. Individuals living in households with HIV-incident (n = 189) or HIV-prevalent (n = 1,597) persons were 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7–3.7) times more likely to be HIV infected themselves compared to the population in general, but spatial clustering outside of households was relatively weak and was confined to distances <500 m. Phylogenetic analyses of gag and env genes suggest that chains of transmission frequently cross community boundaries. A total of 95 phylogenetic clusters were identified, of which 44% (42/95) were two individuals sharing a household. Among the remaining clusters, 72% (38/53) crossed community boundaries. Using the locations of self-reported sexual partners, we estimate that 39% (95% CI: 34%–42%) of new viral transmissions occur within stable household partnerships, and that among those infected by extra-household sexual partners, 62% (95% CI: 55%–70%) are infected by sexual partners from outside their community. These results rely on the representativeness of the sample and the quality of self-reported partnership data and may not reflect HIV transmission patterns outside of Rakai. Conclusions Our findings suggest that HIV introductions into communities are common and account for a significant proportion of new HIV infections acquired outside of households in rural Uganda, though the extent to which this is true elsewhere in Africa remains unknown. Our results also suggest that HIV prevention efforts should be implemented at spatial scales broader than the community and should target key populations likely responsible for introductions into communities. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Emergency Room Diary
Authors: C. Akers
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<i>Emergency Room Diary</i>is a quick and humorous account of four months' internship in the emergency ward of a Los Angeles hospital, as experienced 20 years ago by Dr. Theodore Isaac Rubin. Dr. Rubin currently practices as a psychiatrist and author. His diary is very revealing of himself personally as well as of the realities encountered in any situation where disaster, trauma, life, and death have to be dealt with—not just day by day but from moment to moment. The Dr. Rubin of 20 years ago emerges as a sincere, naive, but open-minded young intern who is dramatically torn between his love of general medicine (emergency room medicine in particular), and his drive to become a psychiatrist. This conflict, when considered in relation to the account of his internship as given in the diary, seems to have been born of Dr. Rubin's personal search for a way to help his
BMA meeting: GPs are being told to limit their hospital referrals, meeting hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Cuts in funding are squeezing the NHS, leading to operations being deferred, to postcode lotteries of care, and to unfilled vacancies in hospital staffing, the Annual Representative Meeting of the BMA heard this week.

In a series of debates, doctors drew attention to the many ways in which a flat budget in cash terms translates into a declining one in service terms. The most stirring speech came from Gillian Beck, a Buckinghamshire GP who said that she was now limited to four and a half referrals a week, including urgent ones.

She took representatives through a typical week. By the time Friday came, she was down to her last half referral when a …
Abstract 574: 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nicole Facompre, Indu Sinha, John Pinto, Karam El-Bayoumy, Raghu Sinha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The lack of treatment for worried-well patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia combined with issues of recurrence and hormone resistance in prostate cancer survivors remains a major public health obstacle. The long latency of prostate cancer development provides an opportunity to intervene with mechanistically-based agents at various stages of disease progression. Preclinical studies and immunohistochemical analyses of human prostate adenocarcinoma tissues have implicated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the progression of prostate cancer and its transition to androgen independence, suggesting mTOR as a potential target for new therapies. Preclinical studies in human prostate cancer cells also show that there is cross-talk between mTOR and androgen receptor signaling, a process critical for prostate cancer growth and survival. We have previously shown that the synthetic organoselenium compound p-XSC effectively inhibits cell viability and down-regulates androgen receptor expression and transcriptional activity in androgen responsive (AR) and androgen independent (AI) human prostate cancer cells; the naturally occurring selenomethionine was either ineffective or weakly active at non-physiological levels. Therefore, we focused our study on the effects of p-XSC and we hypothesized that it inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by interfering with mTOR signaling and that inhibition of this pathway may be linked to down-regulation of androgen receptor signaling in these cells. Here we show that p-XSC inhibits phosphorylation of mTOR in both AR LNCaP and AI LNCaP C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. This inhibition is attenuated by stimulation with androgens in AR LNCaP but not AI C4-2 cells, emphasizing a cross-talk between the two pathways. p-XSC also decreases mTOR binding to mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) protein Rictor in AR LNCaP and AI C4-2 cells and inhibits the phosphorylation of mTORC2 downstream target Akt. Since p-XSC appears to be inhibiting mTORC2 as well as androgen signaling, we further hypothesized that the combination of p-XSC with rapamycin, which primarily targets mTORC1, may be a superior approach to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth than either agent alone. Our data clearly support this hypothesis. Validation of mTOR as a target of selenium in prostate cancer will provide evidence for its potential role against advanced and hormone refractory prostate disease either individually or in combination with therapies that target other signaling pathways. Support: NIH CA111842, DOD W81XWH-08-1-0297 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 574.
Morgana acts as an oncosuppressor in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Augusta Di Savino, Cristina Panuzzo, Stefania Rocca, Ubaldo Familiari, Rocco Piazza, Sabrina Crivellaro, Giovanna Carrà, Roberta Ferretti, Federica Fusella, Emilia Giugliano, Annalisa Camporeale, Irene Franco, Barbara Miniscalco, Juan Carlos Cutrin, Emilia Turco, Lorenzo Silengo, Emilio Hirsch, Giovanna Rege-Cambrin, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Mauro Papotti, Giuseppe Saglio, Guido Tarone, Alessandro Morotti, Mara Brancaccio
Journal: Blood (2015)
Hematopoietic Stimulating Effect of a Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma
Authors: George J. Race, James W. Finney, John T. Mallams, George A. Balla
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE EFFECT OF erythropoietin on hemoglobin concentration and other blood factors has been studied extensively.<sup>1-5</sup>Erythropoietin is a plasma factor, characterized as a nondialyzable, nonultrafiltrable, relatively heat-stable glycoprotein which is not inactivated by changes in pH ranging from 3 to 10; it migrates electrophoretically with the α<sub>2</sub>-globulin and has a molecular weight of about 28,000. The site of its production has been postulated to be from renal tubular epithelium or vascular endothelium. Its production has been reported occasionally associated with carcinoma of the kidney, cystic disease of the kidney, hydronephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, leiomyomas of the uterus, and cerebellar hemangioblastomas.<sup>6-11</sup> An additional case of hematopoietic stimulating effect of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma is reported here. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient was a 62-year-old white male who entered the hospital complaining of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Physical and neurological examination indicated a cerebellar ataxia. By means of ventriculograms,
Ombudsman raises concern about unsafe discharges from hospitals in England
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A woman who was not given any treatment options when she was seen at a hospital with an ectopic pregnancy and later lost her remaining fallopian tube was offered an apology and compensation by the hospital trust for its failings, the parliamentary health service ombudsman has reported.

The woman, who went to the hospital’s emergency department when she started bleeding at seven weeks of pregnancy, was sent home by North West London Hospitals NHS Trust and not offered drug treatment or surgery. Had she had her preferred option of medical intervention she would have had a 90% chance of keeping her fallopian tube, concluded the investigation. The ombudsman recommended that the trust issue the …
Body Mass Index and Prognosis in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Satish Kenchaiah, Stuart J. Pocock, Duolao Wang, Peter V. Finn, Leonardo A.M. Zornoff, Hicham Skali, Marc A. Pfeffer, Salim Yusuf, Karl Swedberg, Eric L. Michelson, Christopher B. Granger, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— In individuals without known cardiovascular disease, elevated body mass index (BMI) (weight/height 2 ) is associated with an increased risk of death. However, in patients with certain specific chronic diseases, including heart failure, low BMI has been associated with increased mortality. Methods and Results— We examined the influence of BMI on prognosis using Cox proportional hazards models in 7599 patients (mean age, 65 years; 35% women) with symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association class II to IV) and a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fractions (mean, 39%) in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. During a median follow-up of 37.7 months, 1831 patients died. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with patients with BMI between 30 and 34.9, patients in lower BMI categories had a graded increase in the risk of death. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.22 (1.06 to 1.41), 1.46 (1.24 to 1.71), and 1.69 (1.43 to 2.01) among those with BMI of 25 to 29.9, 22.5 to 24.9, and &lt;22.5, respectively. The increase in risk of death among patients with BMI ≥35 was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.43). The association between BMI and mortality was not altered by age, smoking status, or left ventricular ejection fraction ( P for interaction &gt;0.20). However, lower BMI was associated with a greater risk of all-cause death in patients without edema but not in patients with edema ( P for interaction &lt;0.0001). Lower BMI was associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular death and noncardiovascular death. Baseline BMI did not influence the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure or due to all causes. Conclusions— In patients with symptomatic heart failure and either reduced or preserved left ventricular systolic function, underweight or low BMI was associated with increased mortality, primarily in patients without evidence of fluid overload (edema).
Abstract B58: Visualization of ERK and PKA activities in the tumor microenvironment comprising of lung-metastasized 4T1 murine breast tumor cells
Authors: Yuji Kamioka, Michiyuki Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment comprising of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and tumor cells play critical roles in the tumor development. The complexities and dynamic changes of interactions among the constituting cells hampers comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment by conventional methods such as immunohistochemistry of tissue or biochemical analyses. Recently, intravital imaging have been providing unprecedented insight into tumor microenvironment. From the perspective of imaging, fluorescent imaging based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) provides important information about cellular events that cannot be obtained by other methods. Genetically-encoded FRET biosensors have been widely used in biology to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling molecules. Despite the increasing multitude of these biosensors, their application has been mostly limited to cultured cells with transient biosensor expression, due to difficulties in stable expression of FRET biosensors. We have recently reported the efficient generation of transgenic mouse lines expressing heritable and functional biosensors for ERK and PKA. These transgenic mice were generated by the cytoplasmic co-injection of Tol2 transposase mRNA and a circular plasmid harboring Tol2 recombination sites. Observation of these transgenic mice by two-photon excitation microscopy enabled us to visualize the activities of ERK and PKA in live tissues. Here, we report the visualization of ERK and PKA activities in 4T1 mammary tumor cells metastasized to lung tissue, which enabled us to observe effect of tumor microenvironment. We have also developed the imaging system to stabilize the live lung tissue to obtain stable images with the reduction of image blurring caused by breathing. We hereby demonstrate the utility of a three-dimensional, intravital FRET imaging technique toward understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Yuji Kamioka, Michiyuki Matsuda. Visualization of ERK and PKA activities in the tumor microenvironment comprising of lung-metastasized 4T1 murine breast tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B58. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B58
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 trafficking and angiogenesis by Golgi localized t-SNARE syntaxin 6
Authors: Venkatraman Manickam, Ajit Tiwari, Jae-Joon Jung, Resham Bhattacharya, Apollina Goel, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Amit Choudhury
Journal: Blood (2010)
Size and quality of randomised controlled trials in head injury: review of published studies
Authors: K. Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess whether trials in head injury are large enough to avoid moderate random errors and designed to avoid moderate biases. <b>Design:</b> All randomised controlled trials on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with head injury published before December 1998 were surveyed. Trials were identified from electronic databases, by hand searching journals and conference proceedings, and by contacting researchers. Data were extracted on the number of participants, quality of concealment of allocation, use of blinding, loss to follow up, and types of participants, interventions, and outcome measures. <b>Results:</b> 279 reports were identified, containing information on 208 separate trials. The average number of participants per trial was 82, with no evidence of increasing size over time. The total number of randomised participants in the 203 trials in which size was reported was 16 613. No trials were large enough to detect reliably a 5% absolute reduction in the risk of death or disability, and only 4% were large enough to detect an absolute reduction of 10%. Concealment of allocation was adequate in 22 and inadequate or unclear in 25 of the 47 (23%) in which it was reported. Of 126 trials assessing disability, 111 reported the number of patients followed up, and average loss to follow up was 19%. Of trials measuring disability, 26 (21%) reported that outcome assessors were blinded. <b>Conclusions:</b> Randomised trials in head injury are too small and poorly designed to detect or refute reliably moderate but clinically important benefits or hazards of treatment. Limited funding for injury research and unfamiliarity with issues of consent may have been important obstacles.
New Insights on Adenovirus as Vaccine Vectors
Authors: Marcio O Lasaro, Hildegund CJ Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Although, in our minds, Ad vectors should not be pursued for permanent replacement of genes, their use for vaccination should be explored further. New serotypes to which most humans lack neutralizing antibodies have been vectored and are expected to circumvent problems encountered with pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in humans. The effect of pre-existing memory T cells that crossreact between different serotypes on Ad-mediated gene transfer remains to be investigated in more depth. Advances in our understanding of the basic biology of Ad viruses and the structure of their main capsid antigens now allows for targeted modifications that are expected to further improve the performance of these highly versatile vectors.
CATHETER ABLATION OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN UTILIZATION, IN-HOSPITAL COMPLICATIONS, AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Prakash Harikrishnan, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Sahil Khera, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert Aronow, Sei Iwai, Paul Eugenio, Seth Lessner, Ali Ahmed, Aileen Ferrick, Gregg Fonarow, William Frishman, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Extremely low levels of epidermal skin-derived antileucoproteinase/elafin in a patient with impetigo herpetiformis
Authors: A.L.A. KUIJPERS, J. SCHALKWIJK, H.F.C. RULO, J.J.A. PEPERKAMP, P.C.M. VAN DE KERKHOF, E.M.G.J. DE JONG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Impetigo herpetiformis (IH) is a rare pustular dermatosis with unknown aetiology, typically occurring during pregnancy. Based upon a similar clinical and histological presentation, i.e. spongiform accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the stratum corneum, several authors consider IH as a variant of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), while others state that IH is a separate entity. Skin-derived antileucoproteinase (SKALP) is a strong and specific inhibitor of human leucocyte elastase (HLE) and proteinase 3, two neutral proteinases that have been implicated in leucocyte migration and tissue destruction. Previously, we reported decreased SKALP activity in pustular forms of psoriasis compared with plaque psoriasis. In this study we present a case study of a patient with IH, where SKALP activity was measured using biochemical and immunochemical techniques. Epidermal scales and sera were collected during the course of the disease. Comparison was made with three patients with GPP and six patients with plaque psoriasis. Initially, anti-HLE activity in epidermal scales of the patient with IH was comparable with values in patients with GPP, i.e. decreased compared with plaque psoriasis. During the course of the disease, anti-elastase activity dropped to undetectable levels, concomitant with the appearance of free elastase activity. This finding suggests a total saturation of epidermal anti-HLE activity. Low levels of SKALP, presumably complexed with HLE, could be measured immunochemically in scale extracts. Serum levels of total SKALP correlated with the disease activity. We suggest that a reduced amount of epidermal SKALP contributes to an imbalance between elastase and its inhibitor, resulting in the formation of epidermal pustules. This mechanism of pustule formation could apply both to GPP and IH, suggesting a final common pathway in the pathogenic mechanisms of IH and GPP.