tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
601. Potential of Gene Transfer for HIV/AIDS Therapy: Overwhelming and Repeated HIV Challenge Selects for Transduced Lymphocytes Capable of Long-Term Survival and Enduring Resistance to HIV
Authors: Elena I. Marusich, David S. Strayer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Anti-HIV treatment often selects for drug-resistant HIV. We asked whether the opposite phenomenon could occur: whether gene transfer could select for HIV-resistant cells. We report that delivery of even relatively weak anti-HIV transgenes to T cells, followed by repeated challenge with HIV, even with very high challenge doses, selects for stable, durable HIV-resistance. Methods: SupT1 cells were transduced with SV40-derived vectors bearing either of two single chain Fv (SFv) intrabodies, Aw or IN4, vs. HIV-1 integrase (IN). rSV40 vectors were used because of they deliver sustained transgene expression to unselected cells. Cultures were treated with SV(Aw) or SV(IN4). Controls were mock- transduced or transduced with an unrelated rSV40. Intrabodyexpression and cell membrane CD4 were assayed by FACS. Cultures were challenged with varying doses of HIV-1NL4-3. Supernatants were collected for 4w post-challenge. HIV-1 replication was measured by p24 antigen ELISA. Unselected surviving cells were cultured 1 month, and then re-challenged with increased doses HIV. A third challenge of survived after second challenge transduced cells was done similarly at higher HIV doses. Results: The two SFv protection modestly: transduced cultures were protected from initial challenge doses of 20 and 40 TCID50, but not 80 or more. After 4w, control cultures were all, or almost all, dead. However, tranduced cultures survived, seemingly normally, even if high levels of HIV replication had been observed. Cells were cultured for an additional month, then rechallenged twice with progressively higher doses of HIV (up to 4000 TCID50). Transduced cultures showed progressively better protection, while the few survivors from the control cultures were unprotected. Transgene and CD4 expression did not change appreciably after each challenge, compared to pre-challenge transduced cultures, as shown by FACS. Conclusions: Using a long-term, stable gene delivery system, we show progressive selection for HIV-resistant lymphocytes. HIV- resistance was only seen in cells expressing the anti-IN transgenes, but was not associated with detectable changes in levels of CD4 or intrabody. The selective advantage of SV(Aw)- and SV(IN4)-treated T cells suggests that even modest levels of transgene expression and potency, if sustained, lead to emergence of HIV-resistant cells. The long "rest" time between challenges indicates that the HIV- resistant phenotype is stable over time. These studies suggest that gene delivery may have an important, possibly adjunct, role to play in HIV therapeutics.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AORTIC DISSECTION IN BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE DISEASE; PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE GENTAC REGISTRY
Authors: Anna M. Booher, R.B. Devereux, C. Basson, K.W. Holmes, S.A. Lemaire, E. Tolunay, C. Maslen, R. Pyeritz, B.L. Kroner, K.A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ENDOCRINES AND THEIR RELATION TO INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Seymour S. Kalter, Harold J. Smolin, Jane M. McElhaney, Jay Tepperman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Treatment with testosterone increases proliferation of influenza virus as well as protein anabolism. A relative lack of testosterone caused by castration is associated with a diminished rate of virus growth. When protein catabolism is increased by ACTH or cortisone, the rate of virus proliferation decreases. These results suggest the existence of a correlation between alterations of protein metabolism and virus proliferation.
The Rac activator DOCK2 regulates natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity in mice through the lytic synapse formation
Authors: Yusuke Sakai, Yoshihiko Tanaka, Toyoshi Yanagihara, Mayuki Watanabe, Xuefeng Duan, Masao Terasawa, Akihiko Nishikimi, Fumiyuki Sanematsu, Yoshinori Fukui
Journal: Blood (2013)
Androgenic Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer in Women
Authors: Ira S. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A randomized clinical trial of calusterone and testolactone according to the protocol of the Cooperative Breast Cancer Group (CBCG) produced objective remissions of advanced breast cancer in 28% of women receiving calusterone and 18% of those given testolactone. Effectiveness of the calusterone has prompted a dose-response study by the CBCG to determine the most effective dose of this androgen for use in treatment of breast cancer.
Psychogenic Urinary Retention
Authors: Carl W. Norden, Eli A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PSYCHOGENIC urinary retention has often been postulated, but rarely documented. Williams and Johnson1 reported a case in 1956 and stated, "to the best of our knowledge, no such case has been presented previously in the literature." Since then, Chapman2 and Knox3 have each described 1 case of urinary retention based on psychiatric factors. Two additional cases of urinary retention due to emotional disturbance, recently seen at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, are reported below.Case ReportsCase 1. S. (P.B.B.H. 5R93), a 17-year-old student, entered the hospital on November 22, 1960, because of vague left-flank pain of 1 month's duration. . . .
The University and the Library A Study in Ecology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A LIBRARY has always been a repository of learning. In this regard, we think especially of the monasteries in the Dark Ages and the monks who transmitted the heritage of the past while adding their own little bit. We can visualize the<i>scriptorium</i>where manuscripts were laboriously copied and often decorated, and the<i>librarium</i>, where they were stored. Perhaps the scribes might not have understood what they were copying, but they recognized that they dealt with something precious. In the<i>librarium</i>, the books may or may not have been much used, but at least they were kept and preserved. The passion for preservation indicates an esteem that transcends present use. Preservation for possible future use involves the very essence of scholarship. However, the usefulness of a library has not always been universally agreed on. In times of stress, a library may be the first to suffer. An example from the
Liver damage from verapamil.
Authors: P Guarascio, C D'Amato, P Sette, A Conte, G Visco
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Un homme de 47 ans traite par verapamil pour angor presente au bout de 15 j une hepatomegalie, un ictere et un tableau histopathologique d'hepatite avec infiltration par eosinophiles. La nature allergique de l'atteinte hepatique est vraisemblable
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by precordial compression but without mechanical ventilation.
Authors: W Tang, M H Weil, S Sun, D Kette, F Kette, R J Gazmuri, F O'Connell, J Bisera
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

It is widely held that mechanical ventilation is essential for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, cardiac output and therefore pulmonary blood flow is reduced to less than one-third of normal during CPR. We therefore reasoned that ventilatory requirements are correspondingly reduced and postulated that gas exchange may be maintained during precordial compression with oxygen passively delivered to the airway in the absence of mechanical ventilation. After tracheal intubation, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized. Fifteen animals were maintained on positive-pressure ventilation with room air and an additional 15 animals breathed spontaneously. Cardiac arrest was induced by electrical fibrillation. The inspired gas concentration of oxygen was then increased to 100% in both groups. Precordial compression was begun after 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation. After an additional 6 min of precordial compression, resuscitation was attempted by DC countershock. During cardiac resuscitation, there were no significant differences in coronary perfusion pressure between mechanically ventilated and spontaneously breathing animals, but arterial PO2 was significantly lower and arterial PCO2 was significantly higher in the absence of positive-pressure ventilation. However, neither resuscitability nor 24-h survival were affected. Postresuscitation myocardial contractility, reflected in the maximally generated dP/dt40, was also not adversely affected. In the unventilated group, only resuscitated animals developed spontaneous gaspings at an average frequency of 17 +/- 2/min-1. The current emphasis on mechanical ventilation as the highest priority for cardiopulmonary resuscitation is therefore not fully supported under the experimental conditions of this study.
Defining Variations in Survival of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Victor R. Grann, Ramon E. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (2011)

N THE SECOND HALF OF THE20TH CENTURY, WOMEN WITH a family history of breast cancer were treated with bilateralmastectomies.Among639suchwomenin1study, themedianlengthofsurvivalaftersurgerywas14years. Using their sisters as control participants, there was a large survival difference between women who underwent bilateral mastectomies and those who did not. 1 By the 1990s, aftertheidentificationofhereditarybreastcancergenesBRCA1 and BRCA2, an understanding began to emerge about the elevated lifetime risks of ovarian and breast cancers for women carrying deleterious mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. 2,3 The effects of these discoveries moved quickly and helped define the extent of genetic heteroge
The effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on platelet thrombus formation in stenosed dog coronary arteries: inhibition with phentolamine.
Authors: J D Folts, F C Bonebrake
Journal: Circulation (1982)

This study was undertaken to examine in vivo the effects of cigarette smoke on cyclic reductions in coronary flow due to platelet thrombus formation in the stenosed coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs. The circumflex coronary artery of 21 mongrel dogs was stenosed 60 - 80%, with blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flow probe. After the administration of cigarette smoke, plasma epinephrine was elevated nine times the control level (p less than 0.001) and peak mean blood pressure was elevated one and one-half times control (p less than 0.01). The hematocrit increased several percent (p less than 0.01) with cigarette smoke, although blood gases and pH remained unchanged. In all 21 dogs, spontaneous reductions in coronary blood flow were greatly exacerbated in the stenosed circumflex artery as evidenced by the number of flow reductions, the increased size of the reductions and the rate of flow reduction. Nicotine administered intravenously in doses comparable to those achieved through absorption of cigarette smoke by the lungs provoked similar responses of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and potentiation of the platelet thrombus formation. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, was given (3 mg/kg) intravenously to inhibit the exacerbated platelet thrombus formation due to cigarette smoke or infused nicotine. In 18 of 21 dogs, an acute occlusive platelet thrombus was prevented 15 minutes after phentolamine and after phentolamine and after a cigarette smoke or nicotine challenge. This study confirms a link between cigarette smoking, platelet formation, and the potential for humans to develop an acute occlusive platelet thrombus in a diseased and stenotic coronary artery.
Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Physician's Approach
Authors: Geza dE Takats
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is a concise, well-written discourse on selected topics of peripheral arterial disease. The author in his preface bemoans the fact that most books on peripheral vascular disease are written by surgeons with a distinctly surgical slant. The may be true in Great Britain, but hardly holds in this country. Actually, his considerable conservatism in advocating highly specialized research tools in general practice, in doubting the value of vasodilators, anticoagulants and lipolytics in the long-term treatment of chronic ischemic limbs, in urging surgical removal of acute arterial obstructions and not wasting time with anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and low-molecular-weight dextran, approaches the customary surgical attitude. One might question the statement that only 10% of patients complaining of intermittent claudication require or benefit from surgical procedures, but this may well be due to the uncomplaining, stoic Scots he has to deal with. The book is hardly more than 100 pages long, has simple
Myocardial ischemic preconditioning has no effect on the ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation threshold: Experiment study
Authors: Eleftheria Tsagalou, Emmanouil Mavrikakis, Konstantinos Siafakas, Elias Tsolakis, Stavros Drakos, Argirios Dalianis, John Karelas, John Terrovitis, Maria Anastasiou-Nana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
NHS aims to improve care for colorectal cancer
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Department of Health has launched an initiative to improve NHS services for people with colorectal cancer-the second most common cause of death from cancer in the United Kingdom and which claims the lives of 17000 people every year.

The document, Improving Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer , is designed to help health authorities, GPs, hospitals, and community health …
WNT/β‐catenin signaling in liver health and disease
Authors: Michael D. Thompson, Satdarshan P. S. Monga
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is emerging as a forerunner for its critical roles in many facets of human biology. Its roles in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis demonstrate its munificent character. Its roles in pathological conditions such as cancer and other human disorders such as inflammatory disorders and fibrosis reveal its villainous disposition. In liver, it also maintains its dual personality and is clearly of essence in several physiological events such as development, regeneration, and growth. Its aberrant activation is also evident in many different tumors of the liver, and recent studies are beginning to identify its role in additional hepatic pathological conditions. It is contributing to liver physiology and pathology by regulating various basic cellular events, including differentiation, proliferation, survival, oxidative stress, morphogenesis, and others. This review discusses the contribution of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in these events and simultaneously provides an essential overview of the major developments in the field of Wnt/β-catenin and liver pathobiology. In addition, areas that are currently deficient or understudied are identified and discussed along with the avenues of translational and clinical relevance. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1298–1305.)
When Health Policy Becomes Victim Blaming
Authors: Jhon P. Allegrante, Lawrence W. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The rhetoric of the new administration's national health policy reflects a shift in priorities that could have a profound impact on the lives and health of Americans by the end of the decade. It is a move away from what has been a heavy economic investment in disease treatment and toward a greater emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. So far, the new emphasis has been limited to budget cuts in old health programs rather than new investments or initiatives.Two principal reasons are offered for the change in policy. The first is that medical care is widely perceived . . .
Reproducibility and biologic variability of volumetric intravascular ultrasound measurements
Authors: A. Shiran, G.S. Mintz, T. Kimura, M. Nobuyoshi, B. Oljaca, K.M. Kent, A.D. Pichard, L.F. Satler, J.J. Popma, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Dominance and aggression over the life course: Timing and direction of causal influences
Authors: John N. Constantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Studies of testosterone's effect on dominance are confounded by the effects of dominance experiences on testosterone. Furthermore, antisocial behavior tends to originate prepubertally, when testosterone levels are the same for aggressive males, nonaggressive males, and females. It seems more parsimonious to view variation in testosterone as an effect of dominance-related mood states than to invoke a reciprocal model.
A CASE OF CARIOUS DESTRUCTION OF THE ENTIRE PYRAMID OF THE TEMPORAL BONE.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: C. BARCK
Journal: JAMA (1893)

H. W., aged 12 years, came under observation on Dec. 30,1891. Both parents living and healthy. Of their nine children, three died in infancy, and one brother of 7 years, a year ago after an operation performed on the left mastoid. The patient had chronic otorrhea from the left ear for about seven years, the sequelæ of scarlatina. Has been under the care of a number of physicians at different times. Five years ago, an operation on the mastoid had been performed. Status: emaciated boy; temperature 102; right ear normal; fetid discharge from left ear. Walls of external canal swollen so that no speculum can be introduced. Above the mastoid an old cicatrix; the whole mastoid region edematous and painful upon pressure. Facial paresis of moderate degree. A close examination revealed no evidence of tuberculosis. Operation on Dec. 31,1891. Opening of the petro-mastoid by the ordinary method. The external lamella
Ossification in Metastases From Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Suresh Patel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

EXTRASKELETAL ossification has been frequently reported in soft tissues, especially after trauma and chronic inflammation. Rarely bone formation occurs in the primary sites of extraskeletal tumors. The organs most frequently undergoing such change are skin, breast, prostate, colon, and urinary bladder.<sup>1-5</sup>In animals, especially female dogs, bone metaplasia in breast tumors occurs frequently.<sup>6</sup>Heterotopic ossification in metastatic areas from carcinoma of rectum<sup>7,8</sup>and urinary bladder<sup>9</sup>has been previously reported. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of ossification in metastases from carcinoma of breast. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 61-year-old white woman was first seen at Columbus Hospital on Sept 27, 1956 for a painful mass of one year's duration in the left breast. On physical examination, a small tender tumor was felt in the inner lower quadrant of the left breast. The mass
Primary systemic allergy to human insulin: recurrence of generalized urticaria after successful desensitization
Authors: H. H. Chng, K. P. Leong, K.C. Loh
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Primary systemic allergy to human insulin is rare. We report a case of recurrent immediate local reactions followed eventually by generalized urticaria to recombinant human insulin (Humulin) in an insulin‐dependent diabetic. Skin test to Humulin R was positive, and the patient was successfully desensitized using a modified rapid desensitization protocol. Two weeks later, he had another episode of generalized urticaria after Humulin R injection. His treatment was resumed at a lower dose, and within a week he was able to tolerate his usual regimen of insulin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrence of systemic reaction after successful desensitization.
Indoor dampness and molds and development of adult-onset asthma: a population-based incident case-control study.
Authors: Maritta S Jaakkola, Henrik Nordman, Ritva Piipari, Jukka Uitti, Jukka Laitinen, Antti Karjalainen, Paula Hahtola, Jouni J K Jaakkola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Previous cross-sectional and prevalent case-control studies have suggested increased risk of asthma in adults related to dampness problems and molds in homes. We conducted a population-based incident case-control study to assess the effects of indoor dampness problems and molds at work and at home on development of asthma in adults. We recruited systematically all new cases of asthma during a 2.5-year study period (1997-2000) and randomly selected controls from a source population consisting of adults 21-63 years old living in the Pirkanmaa Hospital district, South Finland. The clinically diagnosed case series consisted of 521 adults with newly diagnosed asthma and the control series of 932 controls, after we excluded 76 (7.5%) controls with a history of asthma. In logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders, the risk of asthma was related to the presence of visible mold and/or mold odor in the workplace (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.32) but not to water damage or damp stains alone. We estimated the fraction of asthma attributable to workplace mold exposure to be 35.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.0-56.9%) among the exposed. Present results provide new evidence of the relation between workplace exposure to indoor molds and adult-onset asthma.
"A firm and final list" by 1 April
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The season of good will never lasts long politically once January has arrived.One of the first public utterances of 1985 from Mr Kenneth Clarke, Minister for Health, was to denounce the "scurrilous publicity" that the drug companies had been putting out about the government's proposal to introduce a limited list of drugs for the National Health Service.Their propaganda had, he claimed, com- pletely distorted the government's intention, which was to draw up a list of drugs in limited therapeutic categories that would remain prescribable on the NHS and would meet the clinical needs of all patients.
Computerized Tomography in Neurological Evaluations
Authors: Thomas P. Naidich
Journal: JAMA (1978)

TRADITIONAL methods of evaluating the neurologically impaired patient have undergone progressive modifications since the introduction of computerized tomography (CT) in 1972. In just five years, CT has become the single most valuable study for detecting and localizing intracranial disorders, frequently obviating further workup. Even if further evaluation is needed, the information gained by CT usually reduces the extent of further diagnostic study and permits the workup to be tailored to the specific problem. We report our approach to CT scanning after experience with 10,000 CT scans in 8,500 patients observed at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center during the last two years. Roentgenographic examination of the patient with suspected intracranial disease usually begins with plain skull roentgenograms. Tomography may be used subsequently in specific areas, eg, sella turcica and petrous pyramid. Thereafter, almost all patients whose conditions require further evaluation are studied by CT. Except in patients with clinical evidence of