tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advanced medicine goes micro-chip
Authors: David Seitman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Biomedical engineering virtually took over a part of Philadelphia one week last fall, with four different conferences on state-of-the-art developments in that field and in engineering and computing as they relate to medicine. Starting out the week was the Fourth Annual IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society conference, which was split into Frontiers of Engineering in Health Care and Frontiers of Computers in Medicine (COMPMED). Then came the 35th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology and finally the First IEEE Computer Society International Conference on Medical Computer Science/Computational Medicine (MEDCOMP). A recurring theme at the first meeting was that without recent advances in miniaturization and computing speed, many of the latest achievements would have been impossible. This was clear, for example, in a report by Nitish Thakor, PhD, and Robert Kuhn, PhD, both assistant professors of electrical engineering in computer science at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. The
An Interest in Surgery
Authors: H. Rocke Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MAY I first express a deep sense of honor for having been selected as the 75th Shattuck Lecturer? To be associated, however illogically, with the great men who have in past years been the lecturers is a source of immense satisfaction and excitement. Nor is this lectureship without great benefit to me in other ways, for it has caused me seriously to think and to read fairly extensively in some fields that I might otherwise never have entered. I have, for instance, read a number of the previous Shattuck Lectures, something of an education in themselves, and I have delved . . .
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Early Coronary Death
Authors: R. T. Ravenholt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Contrary to the conclusion of Williams et al 1 that persons with familial hypercholesterolemia should modify their diets to avoid early death from coronary heart disease, their findings show four forebears with hypercholesterolemia who probably ate ordinary diets but nevertheless lived normal life spans. Most important, perhaps, is that they were all nonsmokers. 1   Cigarette smoking is the juggernaut among environmental determinants of premature death from cancer and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 2 a fact that becomes readily apparent whenever well-quantified lifetime smoking experience 3 is carefully weighed against lesser determinants such as lifetime dietary patterns.
TCT-360 Appropriate Intravascular Ultrasound Measurement Intervals for Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Kozo Okada, Hideki Kitahara, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Shigemitsu Tanaka, Yuhei Kobayashi, Paul Yock, Alan Yeung, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Hannah A. Valantine, Kiran K. Khush, William F. Fearon, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 4944: Crosstalk between NFκB and STAT3 in human multiple myeloma cells (U266)
Authors: Vaishali L. Chudasama, Donald E. Mager
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a potential interaction between NFκB and STAT3 pathways and its consequences on treatment outcome (cell survival) in a human myeloma cell line (U266). Methods: A computational network model of signal transduction in U266 cells was used to simulate the interplay between NFκB and STAT3, suggesting that inhibition of just one of the pathways does not result in inhibition of NFκB and downstream processes, as NFκB expression is partially regulated by STAT3. To test this hypothesis, U266 cells were exposed continuously to either an IKK inhibitor (IKKi; 10 μM), a JAK inhibitor (JAKi; 10 μM), or bortezomib (Bort) (a proteasome inhibitor; 20 nM). The time-course of intracellular proteins were measured over 48 h (immunobloting), including: phospho-p65 (p-p65), p-stat3, p-IκBα, and BclXL. Cell proliferation was measured using WST-1 reagent assay kit at 72 h. PARP cleavage was measured as an indicator of apoptosis over a 24 h period. U266 cells were also exposed transiently (1 and 2 h) to Bort treatment, and the time-course of p-p65, BclXL, and PARP was measured. Results: Expression of p-p65 was unchanged following continuous exposure to IKKi and JAKi. However, p-p65 expression initially increased (1.7-fold) followed by a decrease below baseline following Bort exposure. BclXL expression remained unchanged after IKKi exposure, and it decreased (80 %) either rapidly or gradually after JAKi or Bort exposure. p-stat3 expression rapidly decreased after Bort (80 %) and was transiently increased after IKKi treatment (2 fold). For short-term Bort exposure, p-p65 expression transiently increased (2.5 fold) and then returned to baseline. BclXL expression decreased (50 %) and achieved a new steady-state baseline. Bort exposure for 2 h resulted in significant PARP cleavage (10 fold increase) in agreement with model simulations. Conclusions: Both NFκB and STAT3 pathways need to be inhibited to fully inhibit NFκB activity. Similarly, when NFκB and STAT3 are constitutively active, both transcription factors need to be inhibited to inhibit cell proliferation. Further research is needed to better understand mechanisms of p-stat3 inhibition and p-p65 transient stimulation and long-term inhibition following Bort exposure to U266 myeloma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4944. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4944
Failure of Metronidazole to Prevent Preterm Delivery among Pregnant Women with Asymptomatic<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>Infection
Authors: Mark A. Klebanoff, J. Christopher Carey, John C. Hauth, Sharon L. Hillier, Robert P. Nugent, Elizabeth A. Thom, J.M. Ernest, R. Phillip Heine, Ronald J. Wapner, Wayne Trout, Atef Moawad, Menachem Miodovnik, Baha M. Sibai, J. Peter Van Dorsten, Mitchell P. Dombrowski, Mary J. O'Sullivan, Michael Varner, Oded Langer, Donald McNellis, James M. Roberts, Kenneth J. Leveno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis during pregnancy has been associated with preterm delivery. It is uncertain whether treatment of asymptomatic trichomoniasis in pregnant women reduces the occurrence of preterm delivery.
Psychic Networks: Training Computers to Predict Algal Blooms
Authors: K Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A ustralia's Darling River looked as though it had been painted green.A thick scum of cyanobacteria-blue-green algae-covered it from shore to shore for more than a thousand kilometers.Livestock tried to avoid the smelly water, but those who had no other choice drank at the river.Soon, the animals began to stumble.Some became paralyzed.Most were dead within 24 hours of exposure.The deaths of more than 1,600 cattle and sheep were attributed to toxins released by the 1991 population surge, or bloom, of cyanobacteria on the Darling River.Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria are not confined to Australia-they are a growing public health hazard worldwide, especially in China, South Africa, Italy, Denmark, Brazil, and the United States.However, the 1991 bloom on the Darling River drew worldwide attention as the most extensive in recorded history.The bill for emergency water supplies topped A$1 million, the state government declared a state of emergency, and researchers at the University of Adelaide began an intense effort to develop computer models that would predict toxic algal blooms.They have succeeded by using an artificial neural network (ANN), a type of computer system that mimics the arrangement of neurons in the human brain.Building on colleague Trevor Daniell's earlier work with ANNs for hydrological applications, university researchers Graeme Dandy, Holger Maier, and Michael Burch developed an ANN that can predict blooms of toxic species of the genus Anabaena up to four weeks in advance.Graduate student Gavin Bowden has taken their work a step further and is completing a prototype for use by a local water treatment company, United Utilities Australia.The model will allow the company to be better prepared to deal with toxic blooms, says representative Neil Palmer."For example,"
An Automated Method of Quantifying Retinal Vascular Responses during Exposure to Novel Environmental Conditions
Authors: Richard T. Meehan, Gerald R. Taylor, Paul Rock, Thomas H. Mader, Norwood Hunter, Allen Cymerman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

The width of retinal arteries and veins was measured by digital image analysis using an automated vessel-tracking software program. Mean coefficients of variations in vessel width of less than 3% were easily achieved from digitized 35-mm retinal photographs taken with a table-top or hand-held fundus camera. Retinal images were analyzed from seven subjects exposed to sea level or altitudes equivalent to 10,000 (3048 m), 17,500 (5334 m), and 25,000 (7620 m) ft and nine subjects exposed to sea level and 14,110 ft (4300 m). At each altitude, retinal veins dilated more than did arteries (5 ± 1% versus 0 ± 1% at 10,000 ft and 28 ± 9% versus 9 ± 2% at 25,000 ft; veins versus arteries, respectively). However, widths of retinal arteries and veins were reduced in nine subjects tested after 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours of 10° head-down tilt; and values varied inversely with intraocular pressures (IOP). Hand-held retinal fundus photography and digital image analysis were found to provide a sensitive and objective method for detecting and quantifying retinal vascular responses in humans exposed to novel environments.
Doubly resistant gonorrhea looms as future problem
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

While sexually transmitted herpesvirus infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been making headlines, there recently have been some equally dramatic developments in connection with the continuing gonorrhea pandemic. The latest concerns spectinomycin hydrochlorideresistant, penicillinase-producing<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>(PPNG), a double-trouble strain first seen clinically less than two years ago. For what is believed to be the first time, there is confirmation that this doubly resistant organism can be transmitted person-to-person. Such transmission occurred between prostitutes and eight American servicemen stationed in the Pacific (where, in a separate study, a gonorrhea vaccine trial began this year with US military volunteers). Until transmissability was documented, a key question was whether such multiply resistant gonorrhea strains somehow evolved in the already infected host or were transmitted as part of the gonococcal infection. The first time the doubly resistant infection was reported was in late spring of 1981. The patient was a 20-year-old man
Office Evaluation of the Pacemaker Patient
Authors: Satinder Bhatia
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IN THE third decade of cardiac pacemaker therapy, more than 500,000 patients in the United States alone live with the aid of a permanent pacemaker. It has been estimated that over 100,000 new pacing systems will be implanted in 1985.<sup>1</sup>The proliferation of technologic advances has resulted in an increasing frequency of implantation of multiprogrammable, dual-chamber pacing systems. Although pacemaker programming (Table 1) and telemetric monitoring remain in the domain of the experienced cardiologist, it behooves every physician to recognize normal and abnormal pacemaker function. It has been suggested that pacemaker malfunction can be detected by history and electrocardiography in 99% of patients.<sup>2,3</sup>This review will focus on the basic office evaluation of patients with pacemakers, using equipment readily available in the internist's office. Discussion of the radiology of pacing systems (to detect lead position[s] and fracture), principles of transtelephonic monitoring, and description of antitachycardia and defibrillating devices
Using Terri: The Religious Right's Conspiracy to Take Away Our Rights
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he case of Terri Schiavo, a brain dead Florida woman at the centre of a family battle over whether she should be kept alive or be allowed to die, is one that divided America last year, pitching right against left and religious groups against secular sentiment ( BMJ 2005;330: 687). Terri, who died on 31 March 2005, had been on a life support machine for 15 years after a cardiac arrest. She was in a persistent vegetative state and had received artificial nutrition and hydration via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy against her previous wish to her husband, Michael, not to be …
Trends in Perinatal Transmission of HIV/AIDS in the United States
Authors: Mary Lou Lindegren
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ERINATAL TRANSMISSION OF human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accounts for 90% of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in the United States and almost all new HIV infections in children. 1 An estimated 6000 to 7000 infants were born to HIV-infected women each year from 1989 through 1994; by 1995, more than 16 000 perinatally HIV-infected children had been born. 2,3In 1994, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) protocol 076 demonstrated that zidovudine administered to selected HIVinfected pregnant women and their newborns reduced perinatal transmission rates by two thirds. 4,5In August 1994, 6 the US Public Health Service recommended zidovudine to reduce perinatal HIV transmission and, in July 1995, 7 routine HIV counseling and voluntary prenatal testing.[10][11][12][13][14] Recently, the number of perinatally acquired AIDS cases has declined. 1,15To assess the effect of prevention on the perinatal HIV epidemic, we analyzed nationwide, population-based data on AIDS incidence and data from states with HIV surveillance.Our objectives were to characterize trends in perinatal AIDS incidence and identify contributors to changes in AIDS incidence.We examined trends in AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) incidence among infants because changing rates of perinatal HIV transmission would be reflected earliest in AIDS trends among infants, who represent incident infections.
Global Trends in the Use of Insecticides to Control Vector-Borne Diseases
Authors: Henk van den Berg, Morteza Zaim, Rajpal Singh Yadav, Agnes Soares, Birkinesh Ameneshewa, Abraham Mnzava, Jeffrey Hii, Aditya Prasad Dash, Mikhail Ejov
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Data on insecticide use for vector control are essential for guiding pesticide management systems on judicious and appropriate use, resistance management, and reduction of risks to human health and the environment.Objective: We studied the global use and trends of insecticide use for control of vector-borne diseases for the period 2000 through 2009.Methods: A survey was distributed to countries with vector control programs to request national data on vector control insecticide use, excluding the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs). Data were received from 125 countries, representing 97% of the human populations of 143 targeted countries.Results: The main disease targeted with insecticides was malaria, followed by dengue, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease. The use of vector control insecticides was dominated by organochlorines [i.e., DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)] in terms of quantity applied (71% of total) and by pyrethroids in terms of the surface or area covered (81% of total). Global use of DDT for vector control, most of which was in India alone, was fairly constant during 2000 through 2009. In Africa, pyrethroid use increased in countries that also achieved high coverage for LNs, and DDT increased sharply until 2008 but dropped in 2009.Conclusions: The global use of DDT has not changed substantially since the Stockholm Convention went into effect. The dominance of pyrethroid use has major implications because of the spread of insecticide resistance with the potential to reduce the efficacy of LNs. Managing insecticide resistance should be coordinated between disease-specific programs and sectors of public health and agriculture within the context of an integrated vector management approach.
Mesenteric hemodynamics in early experimental renal hypertension in dogs.
Authors: G Simon, M B Pamnani, J F Dunkel, H W Overbeck
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

To investigate mesenteric hemodynamics in early perinephritic hypertension, we measured blood flows and intravascular pressures in innvervated, collateral-free, naturally perfused loops of ileum in 50 male mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. In addition, we studied venous pressure-volume relationships in temporarily occluded segments of mesenteric veins in vivo and in excised segments of mesenteric veins in vitro. In 10 dogs (group H-1), one kidney was wrapped in silk 11 days before study; in 15 other dogs (group H-2), one kidney was wrapped 4 weeks before study and the other was removed 2 weeks before study. Twenty-five additional dogs were prepared as normotensive controls: in 10 one kidney was sham-wrapped (group C-1), and in 15 one kidney was sham-wrapped and the other was removed (group C-2). A significant rise in mean arterial blood pressure occurred in groups H-1 and H-2. Compared to controls, (1) ileal blood flow in the hypertensive dogs (H-1 plus H-2) was increased by 17% (P smaller than 0.05), (2) calculated ileal vascular resistances (total and segmental) were unchanged (P smaller than 0.05), and (3) in vivo and in vitro mesenteric vein pressure-volume curves of H-2 (but not of H-1) hypertensive dogs were shifted in the direction of the pressure axis (P smaller than 0.05). These data suggest that in the early stages of perinephritic hypertension in dogs (1) ileal blood flow is increased. (2) ileal vascular resistance is not elevated, and (3) mesenteric venous compliance is reduced. Analysis of the venous pressure-volume curves suggests that the decreased venous compliance is attributable to factors other than smooth muscle contraction.
Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Predicts the Pioglitazone-Mediated Reduction of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Michael Davidson, Peter M. Meyer, Steven Haffner, Steven Feinstein, Ralph D’Agostino, George T. Kondos, Alfonso Perez, Zhen Chen, Theodore Mazzone
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been validated as a measure of atherosclerosis and as a predictor of future cardiovascular events. Compared with glimepiride, pioglitazone has been shown to slow the progression of atherosclerosis measured by CIMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We evaluated individual cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of the change in CIMT produced by pioglitazone treatment by determining whether their addition to a baseline model resulted in loss of significance for the treatment effect on CIMT. Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid. At 24 weeks, there were significant differences in HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, body mass index, hip circumference, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the pioglitazone and glimepiride treatment groups. After adjustment for 24-week on-treatment values of cardiovascular risk factors, only inclusion of the changes in HDL cholesterol and insulin significantly impacted the magnitude and significance of the treatment effect on CIMT. Furthermore, irrespective of treatment assignment, increased HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks was a significant predictor of reduced CIMT progression at 72 weeks.The beneficial effect of pioglitazone on HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks predicted its beneficial effect for reducing CIMT progression at 72 weeks. Changes in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks, irrespective of treatment, predicted less progression of CIMT at 72 weeks. These results suggest that suppression of atherosclerosis with pioglitazone therapy is linked to its ability to raise HDL cholesterol.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is a Marker of Allergic Inflammation in High Risk 5 Year Old Children
Authors: L.E. Pleiss, M. Evans, E.L. Anderson, D.F. DaSilva, T.E. Pappas, K.A. Roberg, K. Sullivan - Dillie, C.J. Tisler, R. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
MKSAP IV: Relief for the Internist's Syndrome
Authors: ROBERT H. MOSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Editorial Notes1 June 1977MKSAP IV: Relief for the Internist's SyndromeROBERT H. MOSER, M.D., F.A.C.P.ROBERT H. MOSER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-822 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe internist is a strange beast—even among physicians. He has a chronic unrelenting disorder that is species specific: a compulsive preoccupation with his art, a lifetime romance with his muse: medicine. It dominates his entire adult life, affecting all aspects. It is not known whether the disorder is congenital or acquired, but it matters little, because it is not curable. The predominating symptom is an insatiable curiosity that can be assuaged temporarily but never relieved completely.The American College of Physicians has studied the disorder for many years, but it can offer no cures. It can provide at least some... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American College of Physicians PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 822-822 Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TREATMENT OF POTT'S DISEASE.A Clinical Lecture delivered before the New York Post-Graduate School aud Hospital, Sept. 26, 1894.
Authors: A. M. PHELPS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

There is some difference of opinion in the profession in regard to Pott's disease and lateral curvature of the spine, and their treatment. Only a few years ago certain gentlemen in the profession claimed that they cured lateral curvature of the spine after serious bone changes had taken place. It is needless for me to say that their statement is incorrect. I am willing to concede that it is much easier to treat patients with Pott's disease of the spine or lateral curvature, in private practice than in clinics; but lateral curvature when treated even in private, when bone changes have taken place, can not be perfectly cured. That it may be arrested and the physiologic curves remedied, and the patient rendered comfortable, is true of almost every case. Then our aim in the treatment of latural curvature is directed more particularly to the prevention of the increase of deformity
Colic and the early crying curve: A developmental account
Authors: Debra M. Zeifman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The hypothesis that excessive early infant crying evolved to reduce the risk of withdrawal of parental care is disputed on the grounds that excessive infant crying is irritating and imposes fitness losses rather than gains. Alternative explanations for the early crying curve that take into account development on the part of the infant and the emerging infant-caregiver bond are proposed.