tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Authors: Gary Wise
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Gary Wise, M.D., Neal Taylor, M.D.Gary Wise, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Neal Taylor, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-839_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedian nerve entrapment in the carpal tunnel is a common cause of pain and numbness in the upper extremity. Thenar atrophy, reproduction of symptoms with wrist flexion, Tinel's sign, and loss of sensation in the fingers innervated by the median nerve have been emphasized in the detection of this disorder. Diagnosis is often delayed when patients report "numb" sensations in all five fingers and when pain radiates up the arm to the shoulder. Coexistent disorders of the upper extremity may erroneously be thought to be the cause of neurologic symptoms in patients whose major problem is carpal tunnel entrapment. Most... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Seattle, Wash. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 839-839KeywordsAtrophyNervesPainShoulders Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Exfoliative Cytology of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: D. J. Oakland
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Four patients having an unusual eruption and arthritis are described.Twelve cases with a similar clinical and histological picture have been recorded in the literature under various titles.The eruption consists of sheets of yellow-brown papules over the backs of the hands and fingers, the face, forearms, and other areas, being wide- spread in some cases.Purple nodules are also present.Xanthelasma palpebrarum and tendon-sheath swellings may occur.The joint condition resembles a severe rheumatoid arthritis, with a number of minor differences and marked bone destruction.The histology of all involved tissue shows the same type of giant cell with an abundant granular cytoplasm which probably contains a lipoid-polypeptide complex.We should like to thank the numerous clinicians, pathologists, and radiologists who have been concerned in the management of these cases.In particular we would like to thank Dr. J. T. Ingram and Dr. E. Ritter for permission to include Case III, and Dr. J. T
Book Review Thurlbeck's Pathology of the Lung Third edition. Edited by Andrew M. Churg, Jeffrey L. Myers, Henry D. Tazelaar, and Joanne L. Wright. 1157 pp., illustrated. New York, Thieme, 2005. $249.95. 1-58890-288-9
Authors: Teri J. Franks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Randomized Comparative Study of Tegafur/Uracil and Oral Leucovorin Versus Parenteral Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: James Carmichael, Tadeusz Popiela, David Radstone, Stephen Falk, Markus Borner, Amit Oza, Torben Skovsgaard, Stephane Munier, Christophe Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Purpose: This phase III study compared the time to progression (TTP) of an oral regimen of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidine composed of a fixed combination of tegafur and uracil in a 1:4 molar ratio (UFT) and leucovorin (LV) to intravenous (IV) fluorouracil (5-FU) and LV in previously untreated metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. Secondary end points were survival, tumor response, safety, and quality of life. Patients and Methods: Between May 1996 and July 1997, 380 patients were randomized to receive either UFT (300 mg/m 2 /d) and LV (90 mg/d), administered for 28 days every 35 days, or 5-FU (425 mg/m 2 /d) and LV (20 mg/m 2 /d), given IV for 5 days every 35 days. Results: No statistically significant difference in TTP was observed between treatments. With 320 events assessed, the median TTP was 3.4 months (95% Confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 3.8) on UFT/LV and 3.3 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 3.7) on 5-FU/LV (P = .591, stratified log-rank test). There were no statistically significant differences in survival, tumor response, duration of response, and time to response. Substantial safety benefits were observed in patients treated with UFT/LV. They experienced significantly less stomatitis/mucositis (P &lt; .001) and myelosuppression, resulting in fewer episodes of febrile neutropenia (P &lt; .001) and less documented infection (P = .04). Concomitant medication usage was significantly greater on 5-FU/LV (P = .010). With respect to quality of life, after correcting for baseline imbalances, there were no significant differences between treatments for any scale, except diarrhea. Conclusion: The oral UFT/LV regimen failed to achieve improved TTP; however, the study confirms significant safety improvements compared with bolus IV 5-FU/LV for the first-line treatment of metastatic CRC.
Health Issue at the US-Mexican Border
Authors: Edward J. Young
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reviewing health problems along the US-Mexican border, Dr David C. Warner<sup>1</sup>neglected to include brucellosis. Caprine brucellosis is enzootic in northern Mexico, and 67% of human brucellosis cases reported in Texas between 1982 and 1986 were linked to the ingestion of unpasteurized goat's milk cheese.<sup>2</sup>Outbreaks of human brucellosis related to Mexican goat cheese have occurred in Texas in El Paso,<sup>3</sup>Laredo,<sup>4</sup>and Houston,<sup>5</sup>as well as in Denver, Colo.<sup>6</sup>Although brucellosis was once a disease principally affecting men, in occupations such as ranching, veterinary medicine, and abattoir work, the epidemiology of brucellosis along the US-Mexican border has changed and is now predominantly a disease of Hispanics, of both sexes, that is unrelated to direct animal contact and involves the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.
Percutaneous biopsy of mediastinal tumours under sonographic guidance.
Authors: M N Sheppard
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Percutaneous biopsy of mediastinal tumours under sonographic guidance In his editorial (March 1991;46:157-9) Dr K Wernecke states that sarcomas and other rare primary mediastinal tumours cannot be diag- nosed accurately by percutaneous biopsy even on the basis of large tissue cylinders.I would beg to disagree with him on this issue.Large cylinders of tissue obtained with wide bore needles can be sufficient for diagnosis even of these rare lesions.There have been great advances in the application of immunocytochemical markers to aid in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours.'In addition, germ cell tumours can be accurately typed by means of several markers, such as human chorionic gonadotrophin, a fetoprotein, and placental aLkaline phosphatase.'Use of these markers can help the pathologist to come to a firm diagnosis even with formalin fixed material.Several sections can be obtained from these cylinders of tissue and the appropriate antibodies applied.We have recently been able to obtain sufficient tissue cylinders with the biopty gun needle (Radioplast, Sweden) from lesions in the peripheral lung to give a correct diagnosis in most cases, using both light microscopy and immuno- cytochemistry.'
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Authors: D. Moher, S. Hopewell, K. F Schulz, V. Montori, P. C Gotzsche, P J Devereaux, D. Elbourne, M. Egger, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

During the 2001 CONSORT revision, it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports.The CONSORT explanation and elaboration article 58 was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement.It discussed the rationale and scientific background for each item and provided published examples of good reporting.The rationale for revising that article is similar to that for revising the statement, described above.We briefly describe below the main additions and deletions to this version of the explanation and elaboration article. the consort 2010 explanation and elaboration: changesWe have made several substantive and some cosmetic changes
<i>miR-15a</i> and <i>miR-16</i> Are Implicated in Cell Cycle Regulation in a Rb-Dependent Manner and Are Frequently Deleted or Down-regulated in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nora Bandi, Samuel Zbinden, Mathias Gugger, Marlene Arnold, Verena Kocher, Lara Hasan, Andreas Kappeler, Thomas Brunner, Erik Vassella
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are negative regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, which are involved in tumorigenesis. Two miRNAs, miR-15a and miR-16, which are located at chromosome 13q14, have been implicated in cell cycle control and apoptosis, but little information is available about their role in solid tumors. To address this question, we established a protocol to quantify miRNAs from laser capture microdissected tissues. Here, we show that miR-15a/miR-16 are frequently deleted or down-regulated in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung. In these tumors, expression of miR-15a/miR-16 inversely correlates with the expression of cyclin D1. In non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, cyclins D1, D2, and E1 are directly regulated by physiologic concentrations of miR-15a/miR-16. Consistent with these results, overexpression of these miRNAs induces cell cycle arrest in G1-G0. Interestingly, H2009 cells lacking Rb are resistant to miR-15a/miR-16–induced cell cycle arrest, whereas reintroduction of functional Rb resensitizes these cells to miRNA activity. In contrast, down-regulation of Rb in A549 cells by RNA interference confers resistance to these miRNAs. Thus, cell cycle arrest induced by these miRNAs depends on the expression of Rb, confirming that G1 cyclins are major targets of miR-15a/miR-16 in NSCLC. Our results indicate that miR-15a/miR-16 are implicated in cell cycle control and likely contribute to the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5553–9]
Exome sequencing in HFE C282Y homozygous men with extreme phenotypes identifies a GNPAT variant associated with severe iron overload
Authors: Christine E. McLaren, Mary J. Emond, V. Nathan Subramaniam, Pradyumna D. Phatak, James C. Barton, Paul C. Adams, Justin B. Goh, Cameron J. McDonald, Lawrie W. Powell, Lyle C. Gurrin, Katrina J. Allen, Deborah A. Nickerson, Tin Louie, Grant A. Ramm, Gregory J. Anderson, Gordon D. McLaren
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

To identify polymorphisms associated with variability of iron overload severity in HFE ‐associated hemochromatosis, we performed exome sequencing of DNA from 35 male HFE C282Y homozygotes with either markedly increased iron stores (n = 22; cases) or with normal or mildly increased iron stores (n = 13; controls). The 35 participants, residents of the United States, Canada, and Australia, reported no or light alcohol consumption. Sequencing data included 82,068 single‐nucleotide variants, and 10,337 genes were tested for a difference between cases and controls. A variant in the GNPAT gene showed the most significant association with severe iron overload ( P = 3 × 10 −6 ; P = 0.033 by the likelihood ratio test after correction for multiple comparisons). Sixteen of twenty‐two participants with severe iron overload had glyceronephosphate O‐acyltransferase ( GNPAT ) polymorphism p.D519G (rs11558492; 15 heterozygotes, one homozygote). No control participant had this polymorphism. To examine functional consequences of GNPAT deficiency, we performed small interfering RNA–based knockdown of GNPAT in the human liver‐derived cell line, HepG2/C3A. This knockdown resulted in a &gt;17‐fold decrease in expression of the messenger RNA encoding the iron‐regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Conclusion: GNPAT p.D519G is associated with a high‐iron phenotype in HFE C282Y homozygotes and may participate in hepcidin regulation. (H epatology 2015;62:429–439
TCT-630 Vascular Response to Biolimus-eluting and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Evald H. Christiansen, Michael Maeng, Anne Kaltoft, Per Thayssen, Leif Thuesen, Jan Ravkilde, Lars Krusell, Mikkel Hougaard, Lisbeth Antonsen, Jens F. Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
UK government attacks European ruling on MRI scanners
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A hard hitting report from the UK House of Commons' Science and Technology Committee claims that the use of new high powered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners could be threatened by new European Union legislation.

The committee maintains that both the European Commission and the UK government had failed to consult sufficiently with the medical community and manufacturers when the EU electromagnetic fields directive, which comes into force in April 2008, was unanimously adopted by governments two years ago.

The principal aim of the …
Severe familial left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy due to a novel troponin T (TNNT2) mutation
Authors: Mark Luedde, Philipp Ehlermann, Dieter Weichenhan, Rainer Will, Raphael Zeller, Stefan Rupp, Andreas Müller, Henning Steen, Boris T. Ivandic, Herbert E. Ulmer, Michael Kern, Hugo A. Katus, Norbert Frey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is caused by mutations in multiple genes. It is still unclear whether LVNC is the primary determinant of cardiomyopathy or rather a secondary phenomenon with intrinsic cardiomyocyte dysfunction being the actual cause of the disease. Here, we describe a family with LVNC due to a novel missense mutation, pE96K, in the cardiac troponin T gene (TNNT2). The novel mutation was identified in the index patient and all affected relatives, but not in 430 healthy control individuals. Mutations in known LVNC-associated genes were excluded. To investigate the pathophysiological implications of the mutation, we generated transgenic mice expressing human wild-type cTNT (hcTNT) or a human troponin T harbouring the pE96K mutation (mut cTNT). Animals were characterized by echocardiography, histology, and gene expression analysis. Mut cTNT mice displayed an impaired left ventricular function and induction of marker genes of heart failure. Remarkably, left ventricular non-compaction was not observed. Familial co-segregation and the cardiomyopathy phenotype of mut cTNT mice strongly support a causal relationship of the pE96K mutation and disease in our index patient. In addition, our data suggest that a non-compaction phenotype is not required for the development of cardiomyopathy in this specific TNNT2 mutation leading to LVNC.
An account of a pilot hepatitis B vaccination programme for high-risk individuals in Zürich
Authors: P.J. Grob, M. Rickenbach, S. Wagner, J.O. Pelzer, None Advisory Committee, J. Lindenmann, B. Weiss, M. Schmid, C.H. Spengler, G. Kistler, R. Steffen, M. Schaer
Journal: Journal of Infection (1983)
278 PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN: AN EFFICACIOUS AND WELL-TOLERATED TREATMENT REGIMEN FOR HIV-HCVCO-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M.C. Mendes-Correa, M.H. da Silva, J.F.C. Figueiredo, G. Gryninger, M. Gonzalez, T. Reuter, L.G.M. Filho, A.C.S. Santos, J.D.U. Brito, F. Nogui, R.J. Gianini, P.A. Ferreira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The effect of intravenous infusions of prostaglandins E-2 and F-2alpha on human gastric function.
Authors: A Newman, J P de Moraes-Filho, D Philippakos, J J Misiewicz
Journal: Gut (1975)

The effect of intravenous infusions of prostaglandins E-2 and F(-2alpha) at various dose levels on basal, or on maximally or submaximally pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion, was studied in 40 male subjects. Intraluminal antral pressures were also measured. Prostaglandin F (0.08 mug kg-minus 1 min-minus 1) transiently, but significantly, inhibited submaximal acid output and increased the frequency of antral contractions. Prostaglandin E(2)(0.08 mug kg-minus 1 min-minus 1) inhibited basal acid secretion.
Epilepsy as a Social Problem
Authors: None Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the individual epileptic, and these have been vividly presented in the four masterly papers of this symposium.The social aspects of epilepsy are less spectacular than the clinical, and for this reason they have in the past been generally neglected, but in- terest in them has been initiated or reawakened and developed by the publication-of,the Report of the Sub- committee on the Medical Care of Epileptics (H.M.S.O., 1956), which discusses not only the appropriate arrange- ments in the National Health Service for the full diag- nosis, treatment, and continued medical care of the epi- leptic, but also how he can play a useful and satisfying part in the community in which he lives, and what pro- vision society now makes, and in the future should make, to enable and encourage the epileptic to lead as normal a personal, family, and social life as possible.This presents a major problem.The incidence of epi- lepsy is between 2 and 4 per 1,000 of the population,
Periocular lesion in an infant
Authors: K. Williams, R. Woolf, D. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>1622</b> <b>Objectives: </b>To establish the reproducibility of left &amp; right ventricular (LV &amp; RV) count-based gated blood pool SPECT (BP) regional functional normal limits. <b>Methods: </b>Activity-time curves were fit to 3rd-order Fourier series for 17 LV &amp; RV sub-volumes to compute global &amp; regional parameters of ejection fraction (EF), timing, dyssynchrony (z-scores), &amp; phase histogram standard deviation (SD) &amp; bandwidth (BW). Calculations were performed twice (Calc1 and Calc2) independently of one another for 15 pts with CHF &amp; 40 normal subjects (NLs). <b>Results: </b>There were no significant differences between Calc1 vs. Calc2 for any LV or RV parameter for pts with CHF, nor for NLs (p&gt;0.05), with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.88-0.96. All parameters categorized as abnormal were the same for Calc1 vs. Calc2 (McNemar’s differences = 0%-7%, p&gt;0.05). The only gender differences were larger volumes for males versus females (p&lt;0.0001). All RV normal limits closely paralleled LV limits. While both ventricles contracted nearly in phase for NLs, dyssynchrony was detected in 93% of pts with CHF for the LV (z-scores &gt; 2.0), &amp; in 40% of pts for the RV. <b>Conclusions: </b>BP global &amp; regional LV and RV normal limits are reproducible, &amp; application of these normal limits to pts with CHF results in reproducible detection of functional abnormalities.
Hospital Staffing Problems
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE atmosphere of the emergency ward has been made familiar to every home in which there is a television set, and it is generally appreciated that it is in the accident and emergency department that the most urgent medical and surgical problems may appear. In spite of the excellent experience obtained from work in such departments they have become increasingly difficult to staff with well trained doctors. Some applicants have been deterred by fear of becoming involved in litigation cases, and others by the lack of any career prospects in such a specialty. Hence, many posts in the departments are . . .
Inflammatory bowel disease: a classic case of Dalziel's disease
Authors: F. L. Cameron, R. Hansen, D. Goudie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 14 year old boy who was normally fit and well presented to his general practitioner with an eight month history of abdominal pain and diarrhoea. The diarrhoea was occurring 7-10 times a day and contained occasional blood and mucus. The patient described his abdominal pain as mild, central, and intermittent in nature, but it could increase in severity. The pain was so significant at times that it had caused problems with school attendance. Recently, he had become more lethargic and had lost weight despite a stable appetite. Of note in his medical history were several presentations to outpatient clinics with vague abdominal pain that settled. He had mild asthma but he was on no medication other than intermittent inhaled bronchodilator. His older sister had Crohn’s disease and another sister had been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Initial blood tests undertaken by the GP revealed mild hypochromic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration of 110 g/l, an elevated platelet count of 493×109/l, an elevated C reactive protein concentration of 38 mg/l, and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 54 mm/h. Electrolytes and liver function were normal with albumin of 32 g/l. Stool cultures were reported as showing no bacterial growth. The patient was referred urgently to the paediatric outpatient clinic. On examination in the clinic, he was noted to be slightly pale and had tenderness over his sigmoid area. His anus appeared normal. Height and weight were both on the 50th centile but no earlier measurements were available for comparison.
An interleukin 4 (IL-4) mutant protein inhibits both IL-4 or IL-13-induced human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and IgE synthesis and B cell proliferation: support for a common component shared by IL-4 and IL-13 receptors.
Authors: G Aversa, J Punnonen, B G Cocks, R de Waal Malefyt, F Vega, S M Zurawski, G Zurawski, J E de Vries
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 share many biological functions. Both cytokines promote growth of activated human B cells and induce naive human surface immunoglobulin D+ (sIgD+) B cells to produce IgG4 and IgE. Here we show that a mutant form of human IL-4, in which the tyrosine residue at position 124 is replaced by aspartic acid (hIL-4.Y124D), specifically blocks IL-4 and IL-13-induced proliferation of B cells costimulated by anti-CD40 mAbs in a dose-dependent fashion. A mouse mutant IL-4 protein (mIL-4.Y119D), which antagonizes the biological activity of mouse IL-4, was ineffective. In addition, hIL-4.Y124D, at concentrations of up to 40 nM, did not affect IL-2-induced B cell proliferation. hIL-4.Y124D did not have detectable agonistic activity in these B cell proliferation assays. Interestingly, hIL-4.Y124D also strongly inhibited both IL-4 or IL-13-induced IgG4 and IgE synthesis in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or highly purified sIgD+ B cells cultured in the presence of anti-CD40 mAbs. IL-4 and IL-13-induced IgE responses were inhibited &amp;gt; 95% at a approximately 50- or approximately 20-fold excess of hIL-4.Y124D, respectively, despite the fact that the IL-4 mutant protein had a weak agonistic activity. This agonistic activity was 1.6 +/- 1.9% (n = 4) of the maximal IgE responses induced by saturating concentrations of IL-4. Taken together, these data indicate that there are commonalities between the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor. In addition, since hIL-4.Y124D inhibited both IL-4 and IL-13-induced IgE synthesis, it is likely that antagonistic mutant IL-4 proteins may have potential clinical use in the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.