tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary artery catheters
Authors: Simon Finfer, Anthony Delaney
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The description of the flow directed pulmonary artery catheter in 1970 and its subsequent commercial development allowed clinicians to measure cardiac output and derive central haemodynamic parameters at the bedside.1 On the assumption that measuring and manipulating these variables would improve outcomes, this device became widely used in intensive care units. Very soon reports of serious complications including potentially fatal pulmonary artery rupture appeared,2 and arguments for and against its use have continued ever since. A recent addition to the debate is a comprehensive evaluation of both the clinical and cost effectiveness of such catheters in adult intensive care units in the United Kingdom.3 The research was commissioned by the UK's National Health Service Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme; the authors were from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, practising intensive care clinicians, and academics. Given 35 years of research and debate, clinicians might reasonably ask what is known about the usefulness of pulmonary artery catheters, what does this report add, is further research needed, and should they use these devices?
<i>Ex Vivo</i>Sputum Analysis Reveals Impairment of Protease-dependent Mucus Degradation by Plasma Proteins in Acute Asthma
Authors: Anh L. Innes, Stephen D. Carrington, David J. Thornton, Sara Kirkham, Karine Rousseau, Ryan H. Dougherty, Wilfred W. Raymond, George H. Caughey, Susan J. Muller, John V. Fahy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Airway mucus plugs, composed of mucin glycoproteins mixed with plasma proteins, are an important cause of airway obstruction in acute severe asthma, and they are poorly treated with current therapies.To investigate mechanisms of airway mucus clearance in health and in acute severe asthma.We collected airway mucus from patients with asthma and nonasthmatic control subjects, using sputum induction or tracheal aspiration. We used rheological methods complemented by centrifugation-based mucin size profiling and immunoblotting to characterize the physical properties of the mucus gel, the size profiles of mucins, and the degradation products of albumin in airway mucus.Repeated ex vivo measures of size and entanglement of mucin polymers in airway mucus from nonasthmatic control subjects showed that the mucus gel is normally degraded by proteases and that albumin inhibits this degradation. In airway mucus collected from patients with asthma at various time points during acute asthma exacerbation, protease-driven mucus degradation was inhibited at the height of exacerbation but was restored during recovery. In immunoblots of human serum albumin digested by neutrophil elastase and in immunoblots of airway mucus, we found that albumin was a substrate of neutrophil elastase and that products of albumin degradation were abundant in airway mucus during acute asthma exacerbation.Rheological methods complemented by centrifugation-based mucin size profiling of airway mucins in health and acute asthma reveal that mucin degradation is inhibited in acute asthma, and that an excess of plasma proteins present in acute asthma inhibits the degradation of mucins in a protease-dependent manner. These findings identify a novel mechanism whereby plasma exudation may impair airway mucus clearance.
HL-A Antigens and Sacroiliitis
Authors: David M. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The histocompatibility antigen W27 has been found to have a high incidence in ankylosing spondylitis (96%), Reiter syndrome (74%), and other forms of arthritis that may involve the axial skeleton. In patients with Reiter syndrome, there was no correlation between the presence of W27 antigen and the extent or duration of the symptoms. Sacroiliitis was predominantly found in those patients with W27 antigen in all the axial arthropathies. Tissue-typing techniques may be of value in detecting early or atypical disease.
Intravenous Pyelography in Unilateral Renal Disease
Authors: Harry L. Ellis, Saulo Klahr, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Comparison of intravenous pyelograms with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was made in animals and man with severe unilateral pyelonephritis. The contralateral kidneys were free of advanced disease. Contrast visualization was obtained consistently bilaterally although GFR of diseased kidneys generally was below 10 ml per minute. Excretion of dye in radiopaque concentrations by these severely diseased kidneys presumably relates to the fact that they did not excrete an inordinately large percentage of filtered water. With a more marked reduction in total (ie, bilateral) nephron population, chronically diseased kidneys do excrete large fractions of filtered water, and in two dogs, contrast visualization could no longer be obtained after ureteral ligation of the contralateral organs. These studies underscore one of the pitfalls involved in employing pyelography as a quantitative test of renal function. They also permit deductions about causes of unilateral nonvisualization.
Atrial Standstill Secondary to Atrial Inexcitability (Atrial Quiescence)
Authors: ALABERT L. WALDO, KARI J. VITIKAINEN, GERARD A. KAISER, FREDERICK O. BOWMAN, JAMES R. MALM
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Atrial standstill secondary to atrial inexcitability or atrial quiescence was diagnosed in 11 patients and atrial standstill, in which atrial excitability was still present though depressed, was diagnosed in two patients during the immediate period following open-heart surgery. Atrial quiescence was successfully treated in six patients and atrial standstill with depressed excitability in both patients by the infusion of small doses of isoproterenol. Atrial quiescence was not treated in the other five patients and reverted spontaneously within 24 hours after surgery. It is suggested that atrial quiescence results from relative depolarization of the atrial membrane and that the success of therapy with isoproterenol results from hyperpolarization of the atrial membrane by this drug.
Biology of the Uterus
Authors: John R. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Although this book is listed as the second edition of a book published in 1967 under the title Cellular Biology of the Uterus , it is essentially an entirely new work. Seventeen chapters have been contributed by 22 authors, all of whom are leaders in their fields.  As the title suggests, the book is devoted to the basic biological aspects of the uterus—embryology, histology, biochemistry. However, these disciplines are effectively focused so as to be of both basic science and clinical interest. Chapter titles include History, Comparative Anatomy, Prenatal Human Development, Vascular Anatomy, Vascular Physiology, Genetic, Biochemical, and Hormonal Mechanisms in the Regulation of Uterine Metabolism, Estrogens, Nucleic Acids, and Protein Synthesis in Uterine Metabolism, The Endometrium of Delayed and Early Implantation, The Implantation Reaction, Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Endometrium, Histology and Ultrastructure of the Human Endometrium, Biochemistry of the Myometrium, Electrophysiological Properties of the Uterine Smooth Muscle, The Contractile
Increased oxygen consumption after cardiac surgery is associated with the inflammatory response to endotoxemia
Authors: H. M. Oudemans-van Straaten, P. G. M. Jansen, H. te velthuis, I. C. M. Beenakkers, C. P. Stoutenbeek, S. J. H. van Deventer, A. Sturk, L. Eysman, Ch. R. H. Wildevuur
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
PROFESSIONAL SECRECY AND MEDICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: W. A. Brend
Journal: BMJ (1922)

A _LThe 1?iqlhts of the Ex-Servbice Man atd Vomnan 11 is primarily a hand(lbook; for the use Qf those in need of information for practical l)pLrposes.As such it mi-ay be recommended; it is comip'-eliensive in scope, accurate i-n detail, anid a(lequately ind(lexedl.'Mr.SHERREN lhas, however, adopted the lhistorical forimi, -id ii (loing so.has given his work a miore general intercst, as it affords a concise review of the genesis and eVoluLtiOn of a sencse of social responsibility unique in lhistory, and its pr)aetical issue in the development of ani extt a- ordIiiiarily comxjplete systeua of a(ldininistrative miachinery.The preface, by Mr. C. A. AMeCurdy, M.P., serves to focus attelctiou on the nmain features of that developineit.The eighth.edition of Professor JOSEPH'S textboolk of veneireal diseases 12 gives a good account of current Germnan pracbice in the synmptonmatology., diagnosis, anid treatment of s;yphiiis, soft sore and gonorrhoea.It is a practical -work, not too long, blut rather badly illustrated.If anyone in this cOuIntlry thlilnis of ordlering it he should asccrtain beforehand -lwhat lie w;ill be aslked to pay.
Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia and Malabsorption
Authors: WILLIAM S. HUGHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Intestinal absorption was investigated in six patients with a diagnosis of primary hypogammaglobulinemia. Malabsorption was found in four patients. Low serum vitamin E levels, decreased D-xylose absorption, and increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion in the urine correlated with malabsorption with minor exceptions. Five patients were subjected to jejunal biopsies, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia was found on at least one examination in each of these patients. In addition, partial to complete mucosal atrophy characterized biopsy specimens from four patients and correlated with steatorrhea with one exception. Although gastric achlorhydria (two patients), minimal to moderate pancreatic insufficiency (two patients), significant intestinal intraluminal bacterial overgrowth (three patients), and Giardia lamblia (five patients) were found, the evidence suggests that the most significant cause of malabsorption in these hypogammaglobulinemic patients is an intestinal mucosal lesion. Reversibility of total villus atrophy and steatorrhea was clearly demonstrated in one patient over the course of a 13-year study.
THE PONS ASINORUM OF THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: ROBERT G. ECOLES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the fifteenth century one Johannes Buridan published a treatise which he called the<i>Summula de Dialectica</i>and set forth to the public that it would enable any person, however stupid, to easily and rapidly discover the "middle terms" for syllogisms. On the strength of this claim it came to be known as the<i>pons asinorum</i>or bridge for what our Colorado friends call "burros."<sup>1</sup>At a later date the fifth theorem of the first book of Euclid came to bear the same title, and still later the forty-seventh proposition of the same book bore this name because they enabled dull students to master otherwise very difficult problems. In modern parlance a<i>pons asinorum</i>is a bridge over a mental difficulty that enables ordinary mortals to cross. Geniuses can, of course, get over without such aid. In using it in therapeutics the writer denies any intention of intimating that
754 POSITIONAL CLONING IN GLS GENE: A MICROSATELLITE IN THE PROMOTER REGION PREDICTS THE RISK OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: M. Jover, J. Galan, E. Hoyas, J.A. del Campo, C. Montoliu, J. del Olmo, E. Baccaro, M. Guevara, J. Cordoba, J.M. Navarro, M.D.C. Martinez-Sierra, L. Grande, B. Pardo, I. Camacho, A. Ruiz, M. Romero-Gomez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hazardous substances, the environment and public health: a statistical overview.
Authors: W G Hunter, J J Crowley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the statistical problems that exist and procedures that are available when attempts are made to assess the possible harm which has been or might be caused by substances in the environment. These issues bear directly on important decisions of public policy such as those related to the establishment and enforcement of regulations.
Perhaps not such a great threat to public health in the UK
Authors: D. W. Lachenmeier, J. Rehm
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We disagree with this alarming picture of increasing availability of illegal alcohol in the UK market and its potential impact on health owing to various contaminants.1

The World Health Organization estimates that unrecorded consumption in the UK is relatively stable, at 2 L (or less) of pure alcohol per person (2.0 L …
AN INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS 1
Authors: M. Dorothy Rourke, E. D. Plass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1929)

Since the work of Fahraeus, in 1921 (1), the phenomenon of the settling of the red corpuscles in blood to which an anticoagulant has been added has been studied intensively by biologists as well as by clinicians. The former have been interested chiefly in determining the mechanism whereby the settling rate of the cells is increased or diminished in certain physiological and pathological conditions, and in studying the various chemical and physical factors which may vary the rate; while the clinical investigators have attempted to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of observed changes in the rate of sedimentation. Preliminary to a renewed effort along clinical lines, we have carried out a series of experiments designed to show the effect which certain factors may have upon the settling rate. The sedimentation tubes used in these experiments contained 1.0 cc. of blood, were 4.0 mm. in diameter, were sealed flat at one end, and were graduated from 0 to 80 mm. They were coated on the inside with a very thin layer of paraffin. All blood samples were collected without stasis and were manipulated entirely under oil.2
Surgeon is struck off for repeatedly lying to patient over brain tumour removal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A consultant neurosurgeon who falsely told a patient that he had removed all her brain tumour and maintained the lie for nearly two years has been struck off by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) for misconduct that was “fundamentally incompatible with his continuing to practise medicine.”

Emmanuel Labram, 58, was a consultant at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in September 2008 when he performed the operation on patient A, who had developed double vision …
Tissue-type plasminogen activator promotes murine myofibroblast activation through LDL receptor–related protein 1–mediated integrin signaling
Authors: Kebin Hu, Chuanyue Wu, Wendy M. Mars, Youhua Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The activation of interstitial fibroblasts to become alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts is an essential step in the evolution of chronic kidney fibrosis, as myofibroblasts are responsible for the production and deposition of the ECM components that are a hallmark of the disease. Here we describe a signaling pathway that leads to this activation. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) promoted TGF-beta1-mediated alpha-SMA and type I collagen expression in rat kidney interstitial fibroblasts. This fibrogenic effect was independent of its protease activity but required its membrane receptor, the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1). In rat kidney fibroblasts, tPA induced rapid LRP-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced beta1 integrin recruitment by facilitating the LRP-1/beta1 integrin complex formation. Blockade or knockdown of beta1 integrin abolished type I collagen and alpha-SMA expression. Furthermore, inhibition of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a downstream effector of beta1 integrin, or disruption of beta1 integrin/ILK engagement, abrogated the tPA action, whereas ectopic expression of ILK mimicked tPA in promoting myofibroblast activation. In murine renal interstitium after obstructive injury, tPA and alpha-SMA colocalized with LRP-1, and tPA deficiency reduced LRP-1/beta1 integrin interaction and myofibroblast activation. These findings show that tPA induces LRP-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, which in turn facilitates the LRP-1-mediated recruitment of beta1 integrin and downstream ILK signaling, thereby leading to myofibroblast activation. This study implicates tPA as a fibrogenic cytokine that promotes the progression of kidney fibrosis.
CAPTOPRIL OR FRUSEMIDE IN DRUG-RESISTANT HYPERTENSION?
Authors: BentØ. Kristensen, Jesper Skov, A.B. Atkinson, J.J. Brown, A.F. Lever, J.I.S. Robertson, N.J. White, B. Rajagopalan, H. Yahaya, J.G.G. Ledingeam
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Effect of Disrupted SOX18 Transcription Factor Function on Tumor Growth, Vascularization, and Endothelial Development
Authors: Neville Young, Christopher N. Hahn, Alisa Poh, Carolyn Dong, Dagmar Wilhelm, Jane Olsson, George E. O. Muscat, Peter Parsons, Jennifer R. Gamble, Peter Koopman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: The growth of solid tumors depends on establishing blood supply; thus, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis has been a long-term goal in cancer therapy. The SOX18 transcription factor is a key regulator of murine and human blood vessel formation. Methods: We established allograft melanoma tumors in wild-type mice, Sox18-null mice, and mice expressing a dominant-negative form of Sox18 (Sox18RaOp) (n = 4 per group) and measured tumor growth and microvessel density by immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to the endothelial marker CD31 and the pericyte marker NG2. We also assessed the affects of disrupted SOX18 function on MCF-7 human breast cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation by measuring BrdU incorporation and by MTS assay, cell migration using Boyden chamber assay, and capillary tube formation in vitro. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Allograft tumors in Sox18-null and Sox18RaOp mice grew more slowly than those in wild-type mice (tumor volume at day 14, Sox18 null, mean = 486 mm 3 , 95% confidence interval [CI] = 345 mm 3 to 627 mm 3 , P = .004; Sox18RaOp, mean = 233 mm 3 , 95% CI = 73 mm 3 to 119 mm 3 , P <.001; versus wild-type, mean = 817 mm 3 , 95% CI = 643 mm 3 to 1001 mm 3 ) and had fewer CD31- and NG2-expressing vessels. Expression of dominant-negative Sox18 reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (BrdU incorporation: MCF-7 Ra = 20%, 95% CI = 15% to 25% versus MCF-7 = 41%, 95% CI = 35% to 45%; P = .013) and HUVECs (optical density at 490 nm, empty vector, mean = 0.46 versus SOX18 mean = 0.29; difference = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.19; P = .001) compared with control subjects. Overexpression of wild-type SOX18 promoted capillary tube formation of HUVECs in vitro, whereas expression of dominant-negative SOX18 impaired tube formation of HUVECs and the migration of MCF-7 cells via the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions: SOX18 is a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy of human cancers.
Technology and Health Care
Authors: Kerr L. White, Jane H. Murnaghan, Clifton R. Gaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract People's needs, not availability of technology, should determine policies and priorities for its application in health services. Technology can improve efficiency and assist in solution of problems, but cannot "drive the system" or cure all ills. Fragmentation of markets, lack of organized health-care systems, and absence of national policies and standards are serious deterrents to technologic innovation. To avoid costly failures, we should concentrate initially on applications that reinforce services of demonstrated efficacy and affect large numbers of patients and providers. Before widespread adoption, we must rigorously test and evaluate the cost effectiveness and acceptability of these applications. Areas offering the greatest immediate potential for technologic applications include management information systems and "do-it-yourself" tests and devices for ambulatory medical care, hospital-discharge abstract systems, automation of commonly performed procedures in clinical laboratories, emergency-care systems for defined populations, restorative devices, and new communications media for health education.
298. Combination Effect of Telomerase-Specific Replication-Competent Adenovirus (Telomelysin, OBP-301) and p53 Gene Therapy in Human Non- Small Cell Lung and Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Ryo Sakai, Fuminori Teraishi, Toru Kojima, Yoshihiro Ikeda, Masayoshi Hioki, Toshiya Fujiwara, Futoshi Uno, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Yuichi Watanabe, Yasuo Urata, Noriaki Tanaka, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene therapy was investigated as a promising treatment for cancer. However, low transduction efficiency limits the efficacy of gene therapy in clinics. We previously demonstrated that telomerase- specific replication-competent adenovirus (Telomelysin, OBP-301), in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promotor element drives expression of E1A and E1B genes linked with an IRES, induced selective E1 expression and efficient antitumor effect in human cancer cells, but not normal human fibroblasts. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effect of the combination therapy of E1-deleted replication-deficient adenovirus expressing the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene (ADVEXIN, Ad-p53) and OBP-301 in human H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells and SW620 colon cancer cells by using cell proliferation assay, immunoblotting, and cell-cycle analysis. We found that E1-deficient Ad-p53 could replicate in human cancer cells in the presence of OBP-301 and kill infected cells more efficiently than Ad-p53 alone or OBP-301 alone. Western Blotting Analysis demonstrated that OBP-301 plus Ad-p53 induced high levels of p53 protein expression, leading to cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, flowcytometry showed that the sub-G1 population was dramatically increased with OBP-301 and Ad-p53 infection. The in vivo combination effect of intratumoral injection of Ad-p53 and OBP-301 in a human tumor xenograft model will be also reported. Our data demonstrate that OBP-301 in combination with Ad-p53 efficiently enhances antitumor activity, and provide the potential to affect the development of oncolytic virotherapy and gene therapy.
Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in preoperative staging of esophageal cancer: results from a referral center for early esophageal cancer
Authors: O. Pech, E. Günter, F. Dusemund, J. Origer, D. Lorenz, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been regarded as the most accurate staging tool in esophageal cancer. Staging results have a strong impact on the decision as to whether a patient should undergo endoscopic treatment, surgery alone, or neoadjuvant therapy. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the accuracy of esophageal cancer staging using EUS.All patients who received EUS for staging of esophageal cancer before esophagectomy from February 2003 to December 2007 at a high volume academic tertiary care center were included.179 consecutive patients (mean age 64.4 +/- 9.5 years; 142 men) underwent esophageal resection for Barrett's adenocarcinoma (n = 134) and squamous cell cancer (n = 45). Postoperatively, 99 patients were staged as having T1 cancers (55 %), 30 patients T2 (17%), 46 patients T3 (26%), and four patients T4 (2%). The sensitivity and specificity of EUS relative to the T stage were 82% and 91%, respectively, for T1; 43% and 85% for T2; and 83% and 86% for T3. The overall accuracy for EUS in identifying the correct T stage was 74% (95%CI 66-80). Positive lymph nodes were diagnosed histologically in 68 patients (38%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS for the diagnosis of N1 were 71%, 74% and 73% (95%CI 65-79), respectively.The diagnostic accuracy of EUS in patients with esophageal cancer is still unsatisfactory. T2 cancers in particular are frequently overstaged, with a significant effect on the subsequent treatment strategy.