tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Contrast Nephropathy
Authors: Gary C. Curhan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 47-1978
Authors: Richard W. Erbe, William R. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old woman, a Yemenite Jew and Israeli national, was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea and vomiting.She was well until 11 years earlier, when she began to have intermittent abdominal pain. Eight years before admission severe diarrhea developed, often accompanied by the passage of blood. Two years later evaluation in Israel disclosed extensive polyposis of the small and large bowel. A subtotal colectomy with side-to-end ileoproctostomy was performed. Pathological examination of the excised specimen disclosed 87 cm of large bowel and 1 cm of ileum carpeted by hundreds of polyps, 2 to 20 mm . . .
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPERVISED EXERCISE, MEDICAL THERAPY, AND ENDOVASCULAR OR SURGICAL REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION: A META–ANALYSIS
Authors: Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Rowena Dolor, Victor Hasselblad, William Jones, Sumeet Subherwal, Kristine Schmit, Brooke Heidenfelder, Elizabeth Wing, Manesh Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Manchester triage system in paediatric emergency care
Authors: I. Maconochie, M. Dawood
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Has moderate validity, but could be improved by incorporating physiological parameters 

The Manchester triage system is used in emergency departments to determine the clinical priority of patients on the basis of their presenting features.1 It is not a diagnostic based system but ascribes a time by which ideally each patient should be seen by a clinician. It therefore functions as a risk management tool and can also be used to monitor overall activity in the emergency department. It is widely used in the United Kingdom and Europe. In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.a1501), Van Veen and colleagues assess the validity of this system in 17 600 children visiting an emergency department in the Netherlands in 2006-7.2

Using this system, experienced clinicians, such as emergency department nurses, assess patients on the basis of the available history and, by means of focused questioning, choose one of 52 flow pathways. The sequential questions delineate the risk and hence the time in which the patient …
A CASE OF PRIMARY ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE LUNG
Authors: H. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MEL)TCALJ RS 110LI7 occur till enibrvonic development has proceeded far enough to start the fornmation of the organs imiiplicated; and the heart, for examiiple, is perfectly formed, tllough in imiinia- tlore, bv the elnd of the seventh week after conception.2By analogy it is argued that similarlv the Mon-golian Oiaracteristics (which are in effect 'eoongenital iiialforma- tiOlls) take tlieir origin in the embryonic3 period of the first six weeks of intrauterine life.This mav be counitered by the argumenit that an .ovnunalready the subject of ai.ilnherenit defect (of a niature which is Wonderfully true to type) is more likely to go wrong in other diriectionis tlha olne wthllichli is niot.David M. Greig, in a recent lonig anid erudite article,4 fa-vours a the.ory that Mongolism is a defect of foetal rol ow-th, though he concludes that this must lhave started in the embryoniic period mentionied already.He bases oni his miniute and fully recorded observations oi'.three Monigolian' skulls the deductioni that Mongolismn " seems rather to be a defect in growth (foetal) thai' a defect in development (embryonic)."He states that " the n'.ain dlefect in the skull is wanit of growth lof the facial bonies, chiefly the maxillae and of thie alveolar prlocesses alnteriorly," with various consequenices to the adjacent J)nes, inito wlhich I need not enter.As an initerestinig aside, howeverl, it may be m'lentione.dthat altliough obliquity of the palpebral fissuires and nearness of the eyes are charac-
Complete, Long-Standing Regression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Somatostatin Analogue Treatment
Authors: Gabriel Rahmi, David Malka, Gorana Tomasic, Clarisse Dromain, Michel Ducreux, Valérie Boige
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Fig 2. Abdominal computed tomography scan showing complete tumor regression 55 months after somatostatin analog treatment initiation.
Pernicious Anemia with Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia Treated with Folate Supplementation
Authors: Meekoo Dhar, Rita Bellevue, Ralph Carmel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

he administration of folic acid can mask the megaloblastic anemia caused by cobalamin deficiency. [1]2][3][4][5] More critically, this masking, although neither complete nor permanent, 2-4 can permit neurologic dysfunction to develop and sometimes become irreversible. [1][2[3][4]6 A few authors have proposed that folate may actually worsen the neurologic dysfunction. 3,7 Patients with sickle cell disease are often routinely given folate supplementation.The rationale is to prevent the deficiency caused by the increased folate turnover in chronic hemolytic anemia. 8However, clinical folate deficiency rarely occurs in patients with sickle cell disease, and objective evidence of a benefit from such supplementation is sparse. 9The use of folate supplementation is also based on the assumption that cobalamin deficiency almost never affects patients with sickle cell disease, therefore making folate treatment virtually risk-free. 10We describe a patient with sickle cell disease in whom neurologic deterioration due to untreated cobalamin deficiency developed during treatment with folate.Her case suggests that routine folate supplementation in patients with sickle cell disease should be approached with caution.
P55 THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ARTESUNATE IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: REPURPOSING AN ANCIENT ANTIMALARIAL AGENT
Authors: Y.-P. Vandewynckel, D. Laukens, A. Geerts, C. Vanhove, B. Descamps, L. Devisscher, E. Bogaerts, A. Paridaens, X. Verhelst, C. Van Steenkiste, L. Libbrecht, B. Lambrecht, S. Janssens, H. Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Low-molecular weight C1q-binding immunoglobulin G in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus consists of autoantibodies to the collagen-like region of C1q.
Authors: S Uwatoko, M Mannik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The majority of C1q-binding IgG in sera of some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cosediments with monomeric IgG. This study was undertaken to provide definitive proof that the low-molecular weight C1q-binding IgG consists of autoantibodies to C1q. Monomeric C1q-binding IgG was isolated from five SLE plasmas by C1q affinity chromatography and gel filtration. All C1q-binding IgG preparations and their F(ab')2 fragments bound to both C1q and the collagen-like region of C1q by an ELISA. To rule out the possibility that small DNA-antiDNA immune complexes caused this binding activity, Fab' fragments of the C1q-binding IgG preparations were digested with DNase I to degrade any DNA. The Fab' fragments continued to bind to C1q and its collagen-like region after this treatment. C1q-binding IgG was heterogenous on isoelectric focusing. Interaction of C1q-binding IgG with solid-phase C1q was retained in 1 M NaCl, whereas the binding of DNA or heat-aggregated IgG to solid-phase C1q was abrogated or markedly diminished. The association constant of C1q-binding IgG with solid-phase C1q was 2.7 X 10(7) M-1. We conclude that low-molecular weight C1q-binding IgG in the studied patients with SLE consists of autoantibodies to the collagen-like region of C1q.
New therapy to revert dysfunctional antibody responses during HIV-1 infection
Authors: Francesca Chiodi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Individuals infected with HIV-1 progress to AIDS at different rates. Rapid progressors develop AIDS within 2–5 years of initial infection, compared with approximately 10 years in typical progressors. Progression to AIDS is associated with impaired humoral and cellular immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Titanji and colleagues report that activated memory B (mBAct) cells are depleted in SIV-infected macaques defined as rapid progressors. Depletion was mediated by programmed death-1 (PD-1) and resulted in reduction of antibody titers specific for SIV and bacterial antigens. Interestingly, blockade of PD-1 in infected animals protected B cells from apoptosis and increased levels of SIV-specific antibodies in blood. These findings pave the way for a new therapeutic strategy aimed at improving humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection.
Anticoagulation in people with atrial fibrillation
Authors: M. C. Fang
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Risk prediction tools help, but treatment must be tailored individually

A cornerstone of managing patients with atrial fibrillation is deciding whether or not to prescribe an anticoagulant. Despite strong evidence supporting the efficacy of anticoagulants in preventing thromboembolism related to atrial fibrillation,1 many people with atrial fibrillation—even those with multiple risk factors for stroke—are not prescribed these drugs.2 To help clinicians decide on which management path to choose, several tools have been developed to estimate the risk of stroke on the basis of clinical factors.3 4 The performance of two such risk tools is described in the linked cohort study by Olesen and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d124)⇓.5 



Jim Varney/SPL

One widely used risk scheme is the CHADS2 index, an acronym representing Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age over 75, Diabetes, and previous Stroke, which can easily be applied in general clinical practice.6 However, like other risk schemes, this index is only moderately accurate at separating patients into different categories of stroke risk.3 4 7 Large numbers of patients considered at high risk for stroke—in whom anticoagulants would be recommended—will not have a …
Appropriate chemotherapy for palliating advanced cancer.
Authors: B. Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the final choice of treatment.In a recent survey on upwards, by Gleeson's chosen classification of deserved a mention in Rubens and colleagues' the mnageent flarngea caner inthe nite stag) ca be ured2 Not only is this clearly brief discussion of the treatment of myeloma, in Kingdom and Ontario, Canada, Gaze etal afound contrary to his statement that "Others present with preference to trials of high dose chemotherapy that 84% of otolaryngologists and 96% of clinical advanced disease, and for these unlucky patients with bone marrow transplantation, which are at oncologists would recommend primary radio-total laryngectomy provides the only hope of long present too small or in which long term follow up is therapy for T3,N0,M0 laryngeal cancer.'~termsurvival" but analysis of "salvage" surgeryinsufficient to determine outcome.MultipleThe recent advances in stomal valves and speech that is, total laryngectomy after failure of non-myeloma is perhaps an example of a cancer for buttons are excellent news for patients in whom surgical treatment -has confirmed that avoiding which achieving an accurate consensus view of laryngectomy is inevitable, but we should still early surgery does not seem to prejudice overall optimal management from published reports strive to allow as many patients as possible to retain survival (H R Grant et al, 5th European conference required more detailed and wider consultation their larynges with good speech function.on clinical oncology, London, September 1989).than was undertaken.
A Comparison of Enalapril with Hydralazine–Isosorbide Dinitrate in the Treatment of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Jay N Cohn, Gary Johnson, Susan Ziesche, Frederick Cobb, Gary S Francis, Felix Tristani, Raphael Smith, W. Bruce Dunkman, Henry Loeb, Maylene Wong, Geetha Bhat, Steven Goldman, Ross D. Fletcher, James Doherty, C. Vincent Hughes, Peter Carson, Guillermo Cintron, Ralph Shabetai, Clair Haakenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

To define better the efficacy of vasodilator therapy in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure, we compared the effects of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate with those of enalapril in 804 men receiving digoxin and diuretic therapy for heart failure. The patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive 20 mg of enalapril daily or 300 mg of hydralazine plus 160 mg of isosorbide dinitrate daily. The latter regimen was identical to that used with a similar patient population in the effective-treatment arm of our previous Vasodilator–Heart Failure Trial.
On the Action of the Tetrachloride of Carbon
Authors: A. E. Sansom
Journal: BMJ (1867)

A CHILD, aged 15 months, was brought to the Liverpool Northern Hos- pital on July 2oth, i867.It had been seen the day before playing with a brass ring, and this, the mother thought, had become fixed in the throat, as the child had not been able to swallow without great difficulty, and then only liquids.There was a sound, scarcely amounting to a whistling noise, with the respiration.On examination, a rounded substance could be felt lying above the soft palate on the left side and depressing it, and, by drawing the velum a little forward, the sharp edge of a metal ring Lould be felt projecting from the posterior nares.The hard foreign body -could be felt by a probe passed through the left nostril, but could not be -moved.The poiint of the probe could easily be passed through the ring outt into the throat.A little chloroform was given to the child, and then, with a pair of curved forceps used with some little force, I was able to push the sub- stance back into the throat witlh one hand, and there received it into the linger and thumb of the other.The ring was of brass, and the drawing below shows its exact shape and size.So large a body could not have Brass ring removed from the posterior nares.been introduced through the nostril, so I presume that, while the child was on the point of swallowing the ring, a choking fit came on and drove this substance behind the soft palate, where it became impacted at the orifice of the posterior nares on the left side.
Fibronectin biosynthesis in the rat aorta in vitro. Changes due to experimental hypertension.
Authors: R Saouaf, I Takasaki, E Eastman, A V Chobanian, P Brecher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

This study was undertaken to determine if changes in fibronectin biosynthesis accompany the phenotypic changes that occur in aortic tissue following experimental hypertension. An in vitro procedure was developed to measure fibronectin synthesis in aortic rings obtained from normotensive or hypertensive rats. There was a three to sixfold increase in fibronectin biosynthesis by aortic rings taken from rats treated with deoxycorticosterone/salt for 7 and 21 d, the change being more pronounced at 21 d. In contrast, there was no major change at either time point in net incorporation into total protein. Studies comparing fibronectin biosynthesis in aortic rings from Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats at ages between 10 and 40 wk showed increased fibronectin biosynthesis in older animals of both strains, but only slight differences between strains. Studies using rats infused with angiotensin II showed a correlation between blood pressure elevation and increased aortic fibronectin biosynthesis. Western blot analysis of aortic extracts showed that the fibronectin content was increased in the hypertensive models. The in vitro procedure for measuring fibronectin biosynthesis appears to provide a reliable reflection of in vivo changes in fibronectin expression, and the methodology could prove useful for studying the factors influencing protein expression in vascular tissue.
Venous leg ulcers: an analysis of underlying venous disease
Authors: E.A. GROSS, C.R. WOOD, G.S. LAZARUS, D.J. MARGOLIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Venous leg ulcers: an analysis of underlying venous disease Get access E.A. GROSS, E.A. GROSS University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. WOOD, C.R. WOOD University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.S. LAZARUS, G.S. LAZARUS University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. MARGOLIS D.J. MARGOLIS University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Dr D.J.Margolis, Cutaneous Ulcer Center. Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 3, 1 September 1993, Pages 270–274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11845.x Published: 01 September 1993 Article history Accepted: 03 March 1993 Published: 01 September 1993
Renal tubular Sirt1 attenuates diabetic albuminuria by epigenetically suppressing Claudin-1 overexpression in podocytes
Authors: Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Shu Wakino, Petra Simic, Yusuke Sakamaki, Hitoshi Minakuchi, Keiko Fujimura, Kozi Hosoya, Motoaki Komatsu, Yuka Kaneko, Takeshi Kanda, Eiji Kubota, Hirobumi Tokuyama, Koichi Hayashi, Leonard Guarente, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Facing Inevitable Future Flu Seasons, Experts Set 1996 Vaccine and Plan for Unpredictable Pandemic
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AS THIS YEAR'S influenza season wanes, those sure to come next year and in years after that loom.  Edwin D. Kilbourne, MD, a noted expert on  disease and research professor in  Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, has called influenza the last great plague. Currently, work is in hand to fight it on two fronts.  For  short term,  decision on  best subtypes to be incorporated into next year's influenza vaccine has been made, and manufacturers are proceeding to cultivate  three viral subtypes that will be in  vaccine.  For  long term, plans are being made to prepare for  certainty that sometime in  future there will occur an influenza pandemic like those in 1919, 1957, and 1968. Draft proposals have been prepared. Last month, representatives of health service providers and state and local health organizations discussed them, seeking
Release of active and inactive renin by the porcine kidney.
Authors: M D Bailie, F M Derkx, M A Schalekamp
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied the relative rates of release of active and inactive renin by the kidney in anesthetized pigs. Renin concentration was determined in arterial and renal venous plasma as follows: (1) before and after stimulation of renin release with isoproterenol or furosemide, (2) after suppression of renin release by extracellular fluid volume expansion, and (3) after administration of propranolol or indomethacin. Inactive renin was activated by dialysis of plasma at pH 3.3 for 24 hours. Renin concentration was estimated by radioimmunoassay determination of angiotensin I after a 3-hour incubation with excess homologous renin substrate. Following isoproterenol, the release of active renin increased from 8 +/- 4 (SEM) to 58 +/- 34 ng/min, and inactive renin increased from 53 +/- 33 to 321 +/- 136 ng/min. Similarly, furosemide stimulated the release of both active and inactive renin. Both forms of renin were suppressed by propranolol or indomethacin. Although changes in renin release following volume expansion were not statistically significant, the direction of change for both forms of renin was similar. Following logarithmic conversion of the rate of release, the plot of active vs. inactive renin formed a straight line. Values for active renin as a percentage of the total renin in simultaneously drawn arterial and renal venous plasma samples were not different. Thus, under the conditions of these experiments, release of active and inactive renin appears to be controlled by similar mechanisms. Both stimulation and suppression of renin release result in parallel changes in release of the two forms. Data on relative amounts of active renin in arterial and renal venous plasma suggest that there is no systemic conversion of the two forms.
Biocompatibility of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles conjugated with alendronate
Authors: Elisabetta Cenni, Donatella Granchi, Sofia Avnet, Caterina Fotia, Manuela Salerno, Dorotea Micieli, Maria G. Sarpietro, Rosario Pignatello, Francesco Castelli, Nicola Baldini
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Identification of hepatitis B virus-specific CTL epitopes presented by HLA-A*2402, the most common HLA class I allele in East Asia
Authors: Yuji Sobao, Kazuhiro Sugi, Hiroko Tomiyama, Satoru Saito, Shigetoshi Fujiyama, Manabu Morimoto, Satoru Hasuike, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Katsuaki Tanaka, Masafumi Takiguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
DNA Methylation and Cancer
Authors: Partha M. Das, Rakesh Singal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been a topic of considerable interest in the last few years. Alterations in DNA methylation are common in a variety of tumors as well as in development. Of all epigenetic modifications, hypermethylation, which represses transcription of the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes leading to gene silencing, has been most extensively studied. However, global hypomethylation has also been recognized as a cause of oncogenesis. New information concerning the mechanism of methylation and its control has led to the discovery of many regulatory proteins and enzymes. The contribution of dietary folate and methylene terahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms to methylation patterns in normal and cancer tissues is under intense investigation. As methylation occurs early and can be detected in body fluids, it may be of potential use in early detection of tumors and for determining the prognosis. Because DNA methylation is reversible, drugs like 5′-azacytidine, decitabine, and histone deacetylase inhibitors are being used to treat a variety of tumors. Novel demethylating agents such as antisense DNA methyl transferase and small interference RNA are being developed, making the field of DNA methylation wider and more exciting.
Serum ferritin as a guide for iron stores in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Frank L. Van de Vyver, Arnold A. Vanheule, Willy M. Majelyne, Patrick D'Haese, Pierre P. Blockx, Arline B. Bekaert, Norbert Buyssens, Willy de Keersmaecker, Marc E. De Broe
Journal: Kidney International (1984)