tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transient and Persistent Hypercalcaemia in Patients Treated by Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: A. J. Wing, J. R. Curtis, J. B. Eastwood, E. K. M. Smith, H. E. de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In a group of 32 patients with terminal renal failure the initial hypocalcaemia was corrected after two months' adequate maintenance haemodialysis. In seven patients hypercalcaemia occurred with a peak incidence after about six months' treatment. In six of these patients hypercalcaemia was transient and the plasma calcium became normal with haemodialysis alone. In one patient the hypercalcaemia was persistent and the plasma calcium reverted to normal only after subtotal parathyroidectomy. This patient had no radiological bone disease, a normal alkaline phosphatase, and no metastatic calcification of the soft tissues.It is concluded that in some patients with terminal renal failure treated with maintenance haemodialysis autonomy of the parathyroids becomes evident in the absence of bone disease or a raised plasma alkaline phosphatase, and that subsequently with continued dialysis there is a spontaneous involution towards normal parathyroid function.
Russian doctor is acquitted of drug trafficking charges for providing opioid to a dying man
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Schwann cells (SC) enter the central nervous system (CNS) in pathophysiological conditions. However, how SC invade the CNS to remyelinate central axons remains undetermined. We studied SC migratory behavior <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> after exogenous transplantation in the demyelinated spinal cord. Data highlight for the first time that SC migrate preferentially along blood vessel in perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM), avoiding CNS myelin. We demonstrate <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> that this migration route occurs by virtue of a dual mode of action of Eph/ephrin receptor. Indeed, EphrinB3, enriched in myelin, interacts with SC Eph receptors, to drive SC away from CNS myelin, and triggers their preferential adhesion to ECM components, such as fibronectin via integrinβ1 interactions. This complex interplay enhances SC migration along the blood vessel network and together with lesion-induced vascular remodeling facilitates their timely invasion of the lesion site. These novel findings elucidate the mechanism by which SC invade and contribute to spinal cord repair.
<i>In Utero</i> Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Potentiates Adult Responses to Allergen in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Arthur L. Penn, Rodney L. Rouse, David W. Horohov, Michael T. Kearney, Daniel B. Paulsen, Larry Lomax
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Fetal stress has been linked to adult atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. Epidemiology studies have associated fetal exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with increased asthma risk.We tested the hypothesis, in a mouse model of asthma, that in utero ETS exposure alters airway function and respiratory immune responses in adults.Pregnant Balb/c mice were exposed daily to ETS or HEPA-filtered air (AIR). Offspring inhaled aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) or saline in weeks 7-8. Regardless of whether they inhaled OVA or saline, mice were sensitized by OVA injections in weeks 11 and 13 followed by OVA aerosol challenge in weeks 14-15. At three time points, we assessed OVA-specific serum immunoglobins, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and cytokines, lung and nasal histopathology, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).At 6 weeks, we found no significant differences between in utero ETS and AIR mice. At 10 weeks, following OVA aerosol, ETS mice displayed greater AHR than AIR mice (alpha = 0.05), unaccompanied by changes in histopathology, cytokine profile, or antibody levels. At 15 weeks, mice that had inhaled saline in weeks 7-8 developed airway inflammation: eosinophilia (alpha = 0.05), interleukin-5 (alpha = 0.05), and AHR (alpha = 0.05) were greater in ETS mice than in AIR mice. Mice that had inhaled OVA in weeks 7-8 demonstrated no airway inflammation after sensitization and challenge.In utero ETS exposure exacerbates subsequent adult responses to initial allergen exposure.
Historical cohort study of in utero exposure to uterotonic drugs and cognitive function in young adult life
Authors: H. T. Sorensen, K. J Rothman, M. W Gillman, F. H. Steffensen, P. Fischer, S. Sabroe
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To examine whether in utero exposure to uterotonic drugs effects cognitive performance in draft-age men.Historical cohort study based on birth registry data and cognitive function measured during evaluations for military service.4300 Danish conscripts born between 1973 and 1975.MEAN SCORE IN THE BOERGE PRIEN TEST OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION: score is the number of correct answers to 78 questions and correlates with the full scale intelligence quotient.The mean Boerge Prien score was similar for those exposed (n=1011) to uterotonic drugs and those not exposed (n=3289), 43.1 versus 42.9 after adjustment for confounders.Our data indicate that exposure to uterotonic drugs does not affect cognitive function 20 years later.
Naloxone and Alcoholic Intoxication
Authors: HERVÉ LIGNIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1982Naloxone and Alcoholic IntoxicationHERVÉ LIGNIAN, M.D., JEANINE FONTAINE, M.D., ROBERT ASKENASI, M.D.HERVÉ LIGNIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEANINE FONTAINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT ASKENASI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-455_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent article, Lyon and Antony (1) reported the dramatic effect of naloxone hydrochloride in two comatose patients with alcoholic intoxication. They stress, for the first time, the need to repeat injections to keep the patients awake. Their data favour the hypothesis that endorphins play a role in the alcoholic coma.However, in our experience, only 10% of the patients in coma improve after naloxone administration. Our impression is corroborated by the work of Jefferys and associates (2), which indicates the presence of an individual sensitivity to endorphins in some patients with acute alcoholic intoxication.We...References1. LYONANTONY LJ. Reversal of alcoholic coma by naloxone. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:464-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. JEFFERYSFLANAGANVOLARIS DRG. Reversal of ethanol-induced coma with naloxone [Letter]. Lancet. 1980;1:308-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Universite Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIntoxicated Airline Pilots: A Case‐based Ethics ModelUpdate on Antidotal TherapyGastric emptying in the acutely inebriated patientAcute Ethanol Poisoning and the Ethanol Withdrawal SyndromeDetermination of β-endorphin in alcoholic patients in the acute stage of intoxication: Relation with naloxone therapyNaloxonbehandlung der Alkoholvergiftung — Aspekte zur biologischen Theorie des Alkoholismus 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 455-456KeywordsAlcoholicsComaIntoxication Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Secreted Frizzled Receptor Protein 1 (sFRP-1) as Both a Potential Novel Biomarker of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), and Its Sensitivity Against Taxane/Anthracycline Containing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.
Authors: C. Liedtke, C. Ruckert, M. Goette, M. von Wahlde, L. Kiesel, W. Symmans, L. Pusztai
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) carry an unfavorable prognosis despite an increased response to chemotherapy compared to other breast cancer subtypes. While tumor grade/proliferation is one major determinant of chemosensitivity in TNBC, we have recently suggested additional (molecular) features to have a significant impact as well.Material and Methods: Differential gene expression analysis was performed between TNBC (n=27) versus non-TNBC (n=106) using gene expression profiles (Affymetrix U133A) from breast cancers of patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane/anthracycline chemotherapy at MDACC (Hess et al. 2006). Differentially expressed genes were validated using profiles of 286 patients with breast cancer who did not receive systemic therapy (Wang et al. 2006). Genes were tested for (a) an association with relapse free survival, (b) an association with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and (c) correlation with Ki67 expression. siRNA knockdown experiments using triple negative and non-triple negative cell lines were carried out using both (a) a proliferation assay and (b) a chemosensitivity assay.Results: The secreted frizzled receptor protein 1 (sFRP-1), a member of the wnt-pathway, was identified as the top differentially overexpressed gene in TNBC (i.e. false discovery rate [FDR] &amp;lt; 0,0001) and successfully validated in the independent dataset. In TNBC, sFRP-1 expression showed no association with relapse-free survival, but significantly correlated with an increased sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Importantly, it did not correlate with expression of Ki67 in TNBC. siRNA-mediated knockdown of sFRP-1 expression intriple negative MDA-MB 468 breast cancer cell lines was associated with increased proliferation and most importantly decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel in vitro.Conclusion: We suggest sFRP-1 as a novel marker of (a) the triple negative breast cancer phenotype in general and (b) its chemosensitivity to taxane-containing chemotherapy independent of Ki67 expression. Preliminary siRNA-based cell culture experiments suggest sFRP-1 to play a causal role with regard to chemosensitivity of TNBC rather than solely constituting a novel marker thereof. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4047.
Bovine Somatotropin-Reply
Authors: David M. Barbano
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments from Dr Kronfeld and will briefly address each issue that he has raised.  We recognize that depressed milk consumption could result from incorrect messages about the safety of bST. A recent survey reported that after hearing anti-bST food scare messages, 2 out of 5 consumers would reduce their milk or dairy product purchases. 1 Our objective was to provide a clear and correct message about bST to health professionals and consumers. We believe our message did not neglect any genuine health concerns related to bST.  Milk production response to bST will not be equal on all farms. 2 Farms with poor nutrition and health management have been advised that their milk response to bST may be limited. These farms can increase milk production efficiency more than with bST by using improved dairy herd nutrition and health management.  The Food and Drug Administration has assembled
Complications of central venous cannulation.
Authors: C. G. Kaye, D. R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

one other is in progress.'9All the studies have examined unopposed conjugated equine oestrogens rather than oestrogens cycled with progestogens, the regimen recommended to reduce the risks of endometrial cancer caused by unopposed oestrogens. 16 The beneficial cardiovascular effects shown for unopposed oestrogens do not necessarily apply to women using modern combination treatment, which may not have such favourable effects on the lipid profile.'7It remains possible that oestrogen use reflects some other, unidentified factor that is the true cause of the low cardiovascular risk in users.Although this explanation seems unlikely,9 " it may be conclusively ruled out only by randomised controlled trials.If oestrogens do have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease this effect together with the beneficial effects on osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms will outweigh any remaining risk of endometrial cancer.'But until the results of prospective studies, including randomised controlled trials, of modern combination treatment are available I think that it is premature to recommend using postmenopausal hormones to prevent cardiovascular disease.
NEOARSPHENAMINE TO MANAGE COURSE OF FEVER IN THERAPEUTIC MALARIA
Authors: C. W. F. WINCKEL
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Recently Cole and his associates<sup>1</sup>reported on the results of injections of compounds of bismuth and other heavy metals with the object of enabling patients to recover from the effects of attacks of fever in therapeutic malaria. After a few days rest the attacks were allowed to continue till their number was deemed sufficient for the intended therapeutic effect. In the Netherlands therapeutic malaria in the treatment of dementia paralytica has been applied since 1921. By the cooperation of the two psychiatric clinics in Amsterdam with the zoologic department of the Institute for Tropical Hygiene I have been enabled to keep in stock the strains of plasmodia necessary for the treatment and to maintain a station for the breeding of mosquitoes, so that the inoculation of patients can be carried out both by mosquito bite and by the injection of infected blood. Furthermore, by this means all the other
Induction of coronary artery spasm by a direct local action of ergonovine.
Authors: D Hackett, S Larkin, S Chierchia, G Davies, J C Kaski, A Maseri
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To investigate whether ergonovine acts directly on coronary arteries or via remote neurohumoral reflexes, we administered small titrated increments of intracoronary ergonovine up to a maximum cumulative dose of 50 micrograms to 15 patients. In six patients with variant angina (group 1), ischemic electrocardiographic ST changes, angina, and localized coronary spasm (local coronary diameter reduction of 87.8 +/- 18.9% [mean +/- SD]) followed after 6 to 50 micrograms (mean 20.7) cumulative intracoronary ergonovine. In nine patients with atypical chest pain, normal baseline coronary arteriograms, and no evidence of variant angina (group 2), there was no ischemic ST segment change or localized coronary spasm after 6 to 50 micrograms (mean 31.6) intracoronary ergonovine. Coronary diameter of proximal vessels of patients in group 2 was reduced by 16.2 +/- 6.5% and did not differ from the response of nonspastic vessels of comparable size of group 1 (20.5 +/- 13.8%; p = .7). There was no significant difference in the median effective dose values in the dose-response curves of the spastic and nonspastic segments between groups 1 and 2. Ergonovine causes coronary spasm by a direct local effect, which seems to be caused by localized arterial hyperreactivity rather than supersensitivity. Intracoronary delivery may be safer than intravenous administration because negligible drug recirculation may prevent perpetuation of spasm and selective coronary administration can avoid branches with critical stenoses.
Endoscopic Pancreatic Sphincterotomy - Technique and Evaluation
Authors: T. Fuji, H. Amano, R. Ohmura, T. Akiyama, T. Aibe, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy has been developed as a new method of treatment of chronic pancreatitis in our institution since 1982. We introduced pancreatic sphincterotomy as a safe technique, after performing it successfully in 21 cases of chronic pancreatitis without any complications, and relieving both abdominal and back pain in 19 of the cases. Recently, we have added endoscopic elimination of viscid pancreatic juice including protein plugs. This report describes our procedure of pancreatic sphincterotomy in detail, and evaluates it in the endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
Success of Mass Vaccination of Infants Against Hepatitis B
Authors: A. Mark Durand
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Chen and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report that a program of routine hepatitis B vaccination has made a large impact on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) among a selected group of children attending school and clinics on Taiwan. We performed a similar survey over the same time period on population-based samples of 3- to 4-year-old children on Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. On Saipan, the prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women is 7.5%, compared with 16% to 18% cited by Chen et al on Taiwan. In 1984, a hepatitis serosurvey was conducted before the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine. The island of Saipan was divided into numerous sectors of approximately equal population, and all households within randomly chosen sectors were sampled. This sample yielded data on 124 children aged 3 to 4 years.
False-Positive Whole-Body Scan After I-131 Therapy in a Patient With Intestinal Scar
Authors: Chrissa Sioka, N Dimakopoulos, G Kouraklis, I Kotsalou, A Zouboulidis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The I-131 whole-body scan is a useful test to investigate the presence of metastatic disease of thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy. A 53-year-old woman received I-131 4 months after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma for postsurgical ablation of the residual tumor cells. Whole-body scan demonstrated focal uptake of I-131 in the right iliac fossa that persisted 2 days later even after administration of laxatives. Computed tomography of this area showed only focal bowel scar presumably resulting from a complicated appendectomy 31 years ago. Intestinal adhesions accumulate I-131 and give false-positive activity on whole-body I-131 scans.
1133 A TIME COURSE OF HEPCIDIN RESPONSE TO ORAL IRON CHALLENGE IN HFE AND TFR2 HEMOCHROMATOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: P. Trombini, F. Busti, N. Campostrini, M. Sandri, S. Pelucchi, E. Nemeth, T. Ganz, C. Camaschella, D. Girelli, A. Piperno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Genes, Hypertension, and Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Klaus Lindpaintner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

What mark dost see that I can trust?--Euripides, ElectraPhysicians and their patients have long known that the development of the most common chronic diseases is influenced by genetic factors. Hypertension, asthma, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and stroke (to name a few) all run in families, but more detailed information has become available only recently. The advent of molecular genetic techniques has allowed us to characterize precisely the genetic defects in a growing number of monogenetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's chorea. These advances have been remarkable. Achieving a similar understanding of the genetic underpinnings of disorders . . .
Assessment of Myocardial Reperfusion by Intravenous Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and Coronary Flow Reserve After Primary Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angiography in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wolfgang Lepper, Rainer Hoffmann, Otto Kamp, Andreas Franke, Carel C. de Cock, Harald P. Kühl, Gertjan T. Sieswerda, Jürgen vom Dahl, Uwe Janssens, Paolo Voci, Cees A. Visser, Peter Hanrath
Journal: Circulation (2000)

This study investigated whether the extent of perfusion defect determined by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) relates to coronary flow reserve (CRF) for assessment of myocardial reperfusion and is predictive for left ventricular recovery.Twenty-five patients with first AMI underwent intravenous MCE with NC100100 with intermittent harmonic imaging before PTCA and after 24 hours. MCE before PTCA defined the risk region and MCE at 24 hours the "no-reflow" region. The no-reflow region divided by the risk region determined the ratio to the risk region. CFR was assessed immediately after PTCA and 24 hours later. Left ventricular wall motion score indexes were calculated before PTCA and after 4 weeks. CFR at 24 hours defined a recovery (CFR >/=1.6; n=17) and a nonrecovery group (CFR <1.6; n=8). Baseline CFR did not differ between groups. MCE ratio to the risk region was smaller in the recovery group compared with the nonrecovery group (34+/-49% vs 81+/-46%, P=0.009). A ratio to the risk region of </=50% defined an MCE reperfusion group. It was associated with improvement of CFR from 1.67+/-0.47 at baseline to 2. 15+/-0.53 at 24 hours (P<0.001) and of regional wall motion score index from 2.6+/-0.5 to 1.9+/-0.5 at 4 weeks (P<0.001).Intravenous MCE can be used to define perfusion defects after AMI. Assessment of microcirculation by MCE corresponds to evaluation by CFR. Serial intravenous MCE has the potential to identify patients likely to have improved left ventricular function after AMI.
An Afferent Vagal Nerve Pathway Links Hepatic PPARα Activation to Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance and Hypertension
Authors: Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi, Liu Xiaozhong, Li Yin, Russell H. Knutsen, Michael J. Howard, Joop J.A. Arends, Pascual DeSantis, Trey Coleman, Clay F. Semenkovich
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Association of Protein S Deficiency with Thrombosis in a Kindred with Increased Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1
Authors: Charles D. Bolan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

A single kindred in North America with venous thrombosis was described as having defective fibrinolysis because of increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Our study describes the discovery of protein S deficiency in this kindred and its association with venous thromboembolism.A family study.Community.Twenty-eight adults (ages 21 to 71 years) from three generations of the kindred; seven had a history of venous thromboembolism.Plasma levels of total and free protein S antigen, as well as the activities of protein S, protein C, PAI-1, and antithrombin III.Six of 7 persons (86%) with a history of venous thromboembolism were deficient in total and free protein S; of 21 asymptomatic members, 9 were deficient in protein S (P = 0.08). When compared with these 9 asymptomatic family members, the 6 persons with protein S deficiency and a history of thrombosis tended to smoke (P = 0.01) and to have higher triglyceride levels (P = 0.001). Overall, the mean PAI-1 activity in the 7 persons who had thrombosis was 7.9 kAU/L (AU/mL) and was 9.3 kAU/L (AU/mL) in the 21 persons who did not have thrombosis (95% CI, -9.9 to 7.0).In this kindred, a deficiency of total and free or functional protein S is the cause of thrombosis. Measurement of PAI-1 activity was not useful in the evaluation of familial thrombosis. The utility of the routine measurement of PAI-1 activity in the evaluation of familial thrombosis has not been established.
"Extraordinary" rises in US drug prices are investigated by government agency
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Lack of therapeutically equivalent drugs and limited competition contributed to “extraordinary price increases” in 416 brand name drugs between 2000 and 2008, the US General Accountability Office has reported.

The price increases ranged up to 1000% or more. The drugs involved represented about 0.5% of all brand name drug products.

Separately, AARP, formerly the Association of Retired Persons, which represents people aged over 50, said that the prices of the branded drugs most often used by Americans aged over 65 rose by an average of 9.3% from October 2008 to September 2009, “a period when there was no inflation and, in fact, other consumer prices actually dropped” (http://bulletin.aarp.org/yourhealth/medications/articles/he01\_drug\_pricing.html).

The association said that drug companies may increase prices in anticipation of changes in regulation as a result …