tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Improves Adipose Insulin Signaling and Reduces the Inflammatory Response in Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Monkeys on High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet
Authors: Yolanda Jimenez-Gomez, Julie A. Mattison, Kevin J. Pearson, Alejandro Martin-Montalvo, Hector H. Palacios, Alex M. Sossong, Theresa M. Ward, Caitlin M. Younts, Kaitlyn Lewis, Joanne S. Allard, Dan L. Longo, Jonathan P. Belman, Maria M. Malagon, Placido Navas, Mitesh Sanghvi, Ruin Moaddel, Edward M. Tilmont, Richard L. Herbert, Christopher H. Morrell, Josephine M. Egan, Joseph A. Baur, Luigi Ferrucci, Jonathan S. Bogan, Michel Bernier, Rafael de Cabo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Reversal of Information Flow in the Growth of RNA Tumor Viruses
Authors: David Baltimore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

For many years evidence has been accumulating indicating that the RNA tumor viruses are very different from most other RNA viruses. In their sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors and in a number of other properties these viruses appear to be more like DNA viruses than like RNA viruses although they contain at most a very small amount of DNA. In 1964 Temin1 explicitly suggested that these viruses might have an intracellular stage in which their information was contained in a DNA molecule. Such a mechanism was chemically very easy to imagine but required a type of enzyme that had never been . . .
Interference with the Mannose Binding and Epithelial Cell Adherence of Escherichia coli by Sublethal Concentrations of Streptomycin
Authors: Barry I. Eisenstein, Itzhak Ofek, Edwin H. Beachey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

When Escherichia coli was grown in sublethal concentrations of streptomycin, mannose binding activity and epithelial cell adherence of the E. coli cultures at stationary phase were significantly reduced in the drug-grown organisms. In a strain whose minimal inhibitory concentrations was 30 μg/ml, the percentage of reduction in mannose binding activity was dose related over a range of concentrations between 0.5 and 10 μg/ml streptomycin. Concomitant with the drug-induced suppression of mannose binding activity, antigenic and ultrastructural alterations on the surface of the drug-grown organisms were observed by agglutination tests and electron microscopy, respectively.
Essential role for autophagy in life span extension
Authors: Frank Madeo, Andreas Zimmermann, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Life and health span can be prolonged by calorie limitation or by pharmacologic agents that mimic the effects of caloric restriction. Both starvation and the genetic inactivation of nutrient signaling converge on the induction of autophagy, a cytoplasmic recycling process that counteracts the age-associated accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins as it improves the metabolic fitness of cells. Here we review experimental findings indicating that inhibition of the major nutrient and growth-related signaling pathways as well as the upregulation of anti-aging pathways mediate life span extension via the induction of autophagy. Furthermore, we discuss mounting evidence suggesting that autophagy is not only necessary but, at least in some cases, also sufficient for increasing longevity.
Recent progress in novel macrolides, quinolones, and 2-pyridones to overcome bacterial resistance
Authors: Daniel T. W. Chu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

Macrolides, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, having good activity against pathogens such as Legionella, Chlamydia, Campylobacter spp, Branhamella spp, Pasteurella multocida and streptococci, have gained wide acceptance for the treatment of both upper and lower respiratory tracts, as well as cutaneous infections. Emergence of bacterial resistance, particularly in gram-positive bacteria, has been observed. Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes are found in France and many other countries, resulting in failure of therapy for pneumonia, pharyngitis, and skin infection. RU 004, HMR 3647, and TE 802 were reported to be active against these resistant strains. Research at Abbott produced several macrolide derivatives in the anhydrolide, tricyclic and tetracyclic ketolides as well as 6-O-alkyl ketolides series having potent activity against macrolide resistant S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae . Research on streptogramins to overcome bacterial resistance in gram-positive bacteria has produced interesting compounds. Another class of antibacterial agent called quinolones is useful for the treatment of bacterial infections of respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, as well as sexually transmitted diseases. Ciprofloxacin, the market leader, however, has low potency against anaerobes. Bacterial resistance ( such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) to ciprofloxacin is increasing rapidly. Many quinolone compounds are being synthesized to address these drawbacks. The new quinolones currently under development are characterized by enhanced activities against streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, and anaerobes. This presentation reviews the current research in the identification of agents to overcome the macrolide and quinolone resistance. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 19, No. 6, 497–520, 1999
Multiple Cranial-Nerve Palsies — A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: M. Flint Beal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves innervate most structures of the head and neck. Their afferent and efferent connections traverse the meninges, subarachnoid space, bony structures of the cranium, and superficial soft tissues. Disruption of these nerves can occur at any site along their course, and it is not surprising that a large number of pathologic processes initially are manifested by cranial-nerve dysfunction. A knowledge of the anatomy of the cranial nerves and their involvement in pathologic processes is therefore one of the cornerstones of neurologic diagnosis.In this issue of the Journal, Manni et al.1 describe a new . . .
Clotting factor concentrates.
Authors: T W Barrowcliffe, P Stableforth, K Dormandy, T E Cleghorn
Journal: BMJ (1972)

on the need for concentrates of the pro- thrombin complex, particularly for treatment of liver disease, prompts us to report our experience in this field.We are just completing a pilot study on the feasibility of preparing such a concentrate at a regional blood transfusion centre.We chose the method of Bruning and Loeliger,' with slight modifications, for the following reasons: (1) supernatant ACD on 10 August
Listening to Skulls
Authors: Charity Thoman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

On Being a Doctor16 September 2008Listening to SkullsCharity Thoman, MD, MPHCharity Thoman, MD, MPHFrom Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail On a recent trip to Philadelphia, my husband David and I visited the Mütter Museum. We were in town vacationing with family, and my husband, a general surgeon who trained in Philadelphia, insisted that I see the exhibit. It was a chance to escape not only the smothering heat that bathed the city's pavement but also my own complacency toward the marvels of medicine that once captivated me during medical school.It is not often that David and I get to discover medicine together. He has his world, and I have mine. It was thrilling, both as physicians and as ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.Corresponding Author: Charity Thoman, MD, MPH, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, 1322 Crestline Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93105; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 6Page: 433-434KeywordsBoneFirearm injuriesHand strengthLibrariesMemoryMeningitisSkullSoapsSurgeonsTwins ePublished: 16 September 2008 Issue Published: 16 September 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Host defense against systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is impaired in E-, P-, and E-/P-selectin-deficient mice.
Authors: F M Munoz, E P Hawkins, D C Bullard, A L Beaudet, S L Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Endothelial selectins mediate rolling of leukocytes on endothelium, a crucial step for leukocyte firm adhesion and emigration into sites of tissue injury and infection. To characterize the role of the endothelial selectins during bacterial sepsis in vivo, Streptococcus pneumoniae (1-10 x 10(6) colony-forming units) was inoculated intraperitoneally into wild-type mice and mice with E-, P-, or E-/P-selectin deficiencies. Mice were followed 10 d for morbidity, survival, clearance of bacteremia, and leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity and organs 48 h after infection. All selectin-deficient mice showed a more pronounced morbidity, a significantly higher mortality associated with persistent bacteremia, and a higher bacterial load when compared with wild-type mice. These differences were most remarkable in the E-selectin-deficient mice, which showed the highest rate of mortality and bacteremia (P </= 0.0001). No significant differences were observed among the groups in the inflammatory response present in the peritoneal cavity, brain, liver, spleen, or kidney at 48 h after inoculation. Extensive hepatic and splenic necrosis and thrombosis were noted in E- and P-selectin-deficient mice. Although the absence of endothelial selectins did not substantially impair leukocyte emigration to sites of infection 48 h after pneumococcal sepsis, it resulted in increased mortality and a higher bacterial load in the bloodstream of selectin-deficient mice. These results demonstrate a definitive phenotypic abnormality in E-selectin-deficient mice, and suggest that E- and P-selectin are important in the host defense against S. pneumoniae infection.
Scientists Examine Primary Care–Based Screening and Treatments for Anxiety
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Secretion of Angiogenic and Antiapoptotic Factors by Human Adipose Stromal Cells
Authors: Jalees Rehman, Dmitry Traktuev, Jingling Li, Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss, Constance J. Temm-Grove, Jason E. Bovenkerk, Carrie L. Pell, Brian H. Johnstone, Robert V. Considine, Keith L. March
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The delivery of autologous cells to increase angiogenesis is emerging as a treatment option for patients with cardiovascular disease but may be limited by the accessibility of sufficient cell numbers. The beneficial effects of delivered cells appear to be related to their pluripotency and ability to secrete growth factors. We examined nonadipocyte stromal cells from human subcutaneous fat as a novel source of therapeutic cells. Methods and Results— Adipose stromal cells (ASCs) were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and characterized by flow cytometry. ASCs secreted 1203±254 pg of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) per 10 6 cells, 12 280±2944 pg of hepatocyte growth factor per 10 6 cells, and 1247±346 pg of transforming growth factor-β per 10 6 cells. When ASCs were cultured in hypoxic conditions, VEGF secretion increased 5-fold to 5980±1066 pg/10 6 cells ( P =0.0016). The secretion of VEGF could also be augmented 200-fold by transfection of ASCs with a plasmid encoding VEGF ( P &lt;0.05). Conditioned media obtained from hypoxic ASCs significantly increased endothelial cell growth ( P &lt;0.001) and reduced endothelial cell apoptosis ( P &lt;0.05). Nude mice with ischemic hindlimbs demonstrated marked perfusion improvement when treated with human ASCs ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— Our experiments delineate the angiogenic and antiapoptotic potential of easily accessible subcutaneous adipose stromal cells by demonstrating the secretion of multiple potentially synergistic proangiogenic growth factors. These findings suggest that autologous delivery of either native or transduced subcutaneous ASCs, which are regulated by hypoxia, may be a novel therapeutic option to enhance angiogenesis or achieve cardiovascular protection.
Diarrhea Associated With Cyanobacterialike Bodies in an Immunocompetent Host
Authors: Devon Hale
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To describe a patient who developed diarrhea secondary to Cyanobacterialike bodies (CLBs) after exposure to contaminated water in his home.Case report.General community.Healthy, elderly man.None, self-limited illness.The patient's clinical course was consistent with illness caused by CLBs. Cyanobacterialike bodies were recovered from the patient's stool sample and the contaminated water to which he was exposed.Internists and laboratory technicians should be aware of CLBs as a cause of protracted diarrhea in the community.
Drug treatments in people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour
Authors: P. Tyrer, S.-A. Cooper, A. Hassiotis
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Time to rethink?

Do we still need to be reminded that the drug treatment of people with intellectual disability is often prolonged and not without dangers? We probably do. Drug treatment has been a mainstay for managing a common syndrome subsumed under the label “aggressive challenging behaviour” since chlorpromazine was first introduced for its treatment over 40 years ago.

We have no fundamental criticism of the transfer of a successful treatment for one disorder in general psychiatry to the same disorder in people who are intellectually disabled. However, challenging behaviour has no equivalent in general psychiatry, so there is no treatment to transfer. Challenging behaviour is the most common disturbance requiring intervention in intellectual disability services, but it does not have proper diagnostic status in standard psychiatric classifications.

Yet this does not inhibit the wholesale import of adult psychopharmacology into its management. Psychotropic medication in its many forms — mainly antipsychotics, sedatives and tranquillisers, antidepressants, and mood stabilisers—has seen extensive off-label prescribing for the past 50 years. Thus, a recent population based cohort study of 1023 adults with intellectual …
Hepatitis C virus reinfection among prisoners with sustained virological response after treatment for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: A. Marco, J.I. Esteban, C. Solé, A. da Silva, J. Ortiz, M. Roget, C. Sarriera, N. Teixidó, R.A. Guerrero, J.A. Caylà
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hospitals make too many errors when collecting data, finds public spending watchdog
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

UK hospitals are still failing to ensure they collect accurate reliable performance data despite their increasing importance to NHS bodies, patients, and hospital funding mechanisms, says a report from the public spending watchdog the Audit Commission.

The quality of data, which cover key performance information such as treatments, varies widely in accuracy, says the commission’s latest report, Figures You Can Trust: A Briefing on Data Quality in the NHS . Although the error rate in data collection was as low as 0.3% in some hospitals, in others it reached …
Effect of Ebstein's anomaly on short- and long-term outcome of surgically treated patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: J C Pressley, J M Wharton, A S Tang, J E Lowe, J J Gallagher, E N Prystowsky
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Ebstein's anomaly is the most commonly occurring congenital abnormality associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. However, the effects of Ebstein's anomaly on the risks and benefits of surgical ablation of accessory pathways in patients with WPW syndrome are unknown.This study compared the long-term outcome of 38 WPW patients with Ebstein's anomaly undergoing accessory pathway ablation to a reference population of 384 similarly treated patients without the anomaly. Ebstein's anomaly was mild in 21 patients (55%) and moderate-to-severe in 17 patients (45%). Sixteen patients (42%) required tricuspid valve surgery, and 23 (61%) had an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale repaired. Baseline clinical characteristics and preoperative clinical arrhythmias were similar in both groups. Ten-year survival was 92.4% and 91.2% for patients with and without Ebstein's anomaly, respectively (p = NS). During a mean follow-up of 6.2 +/- 3.8 and 5.3 +/- 3.6 years, 82% of patients with and 90% without Ebstein's anomaly had either clinically insignificant or no arrhythmias, and 18% versus 10% reported symptoms suggesting arrhythmias lasting longer than 1 minute, respectively. Atrial fibrillation was reduced postoperatively to 9% (p less than 0.001) in patients with and to 4% (p less than 0.001) in those without the anomaly. Fewer hospitalizations were reported postoperatively by 90% versus 96% of patients with and without Ebstein's anomaly; 9.4% versus 6.0% of patients were disabled at follow-up, respectively (p = NS).Patients with Ebstein's anomaly are improved significantly after accessory pathway ablation. The presence of this anomaly should not preclude accessory pathway ablation in these patients.
PP2A-activating drugs selectively eradicate TKI-resistant chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells
Authors: Paolo Neviani, Jason G. Harb, Joshua J. Oaks, Ramasamy Santhanam, Christopher J. Walker, Justin J. Ellis, Gregory Ferenchak, Adrienne M. Dorrance, Carolyn A. Paisie, Anna M. Eiring, Yihui Ma, Hsiaoyin C. Mao, Bin Zhang, Mark Wunderlich, Philippa C. May, Chaode Sun, Sahar A. Saddoughi, Jacek Bielawski, William Blum, Rebecca B. Klisovic, Janelle A. Solt, John C. Byrd, Stefano Volinia, Jorge Cortes, Claudia S. Huettner, Steffen Koschmieder, Tessa L. Holyoake, Steven Devine, Michael A. Caligiuri, Carlo M. Croce, Ramiro Garzon, Besim Ogretmen, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Ching-Shih Chen, Robert Bittman, Peter Hokland, Denis-Claude Roy, Dragana Milojkovic, Jane Apperley, John M. Goldman, Alistair Reid, James C. Mulloy, Ravi Bhatia, Guido Marcucci, Danilo Perrotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) depends on the requirement for BCR-ABL1 kinase activity in CML progenitors. However, CML quiescent HSCs are TKI resistant and represent a BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent disease reservoir. Here we have shown that persistence of leukemic HSCs in BM requires inhibition of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and expression--but not activity--of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. Examination of HSCs from CML patients and healthy individuals revealed that PP2A activity was suppressed in CML compared with normal HSCs. TKI-resistant CML quiescent HSCs showed increased levels of BCR-ABL1, but very low kinase activity. BCR-ABL1 expression, but not kinase function, was required for recruitment of JAK2, activation of a JAK2/β-catenin survival/self-renewal pathway, and inhibition of PP2A. PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) markedly reduced survival and self-renewal of CML quiescent HSCs, but not normal quiescent HSCs, through BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent and PP2A-mediated inhibition of JAK2 and β-catenin. This led to suppression of human leukemic, but not normal, HSC/progenitor survival in BM xenografts and interference with long-term maintenance of BCR-ABL1-positive HSCs in serial transplantation assays. Targeting the JAK2/PP2A/β-catenin network in quiescent HSCs with PADs (e.g., FTY720) has the potential to treat TKI-refractory CML and relieve lifelong patient dependence on TKIs.
Prospective Evaluation of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Robert Y.L. Zee, Paul M. Ridker, Meir J. Stampfer, Charles H. Hennekens, Klaus Lindpaintner
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The D/I polymorphism of the ACE gene has been studied in relation to a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including stroke. A number of small studies have been conducted, with inconsistent results. We investigated the association between ACE genotype and the incidence of stroke in a large, prospective, matched case-control sample from the Physicians’ Health Study. Methods and Results —In the Physicians’ Health Study, 348 subjects who had been apparently healthy at enrollment suffered a stroke during 12 years of follow-up, as determined from medical records and autopsy. A total of 348 cases were matched by age, time of randomization, and smoking habit to an equal number of controls (who had remained free of stroke). The D/I polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed for the entire nested case-control sample, and also among a subgroup without a history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, considered to be at low conventional risk (207 cases and 280 controls). All observed genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The relative risk associated with the D allele was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.37; P =0.35), assuming an additive model in the matched analysis. Additional analyses assuming dominant or recessive effects of the D allele, as well as the analysis after stratification for low-risk status, showed no material as a statistically significant association. Conclusions —The results of this large, prospective study indicate that the ACE D/I gene polymorphism is not associated with subsequent risk of stroke.
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Changes in a Patient With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Evaluation Using O-15 Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Nobuyuki Kawai, Atsushi Shindou, Tetsuya Masada, Takashi Tamiya, Seigo Nagao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism before and after the recanalization of the occluded sinus were evaluated using O-15 positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in a 21-year-old woman with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. During the initial presentation, there was increased regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the left frontal and parietal lobes with moderately increased rCBV in the right parietal lobe. Recanalization of the occluded sinus resulted in a normalization of elevated rCBV in the frontal and parietal lobes and improvements of rCBF and regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen in the occipital lobe. Clinical improvement after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy was accompanied by restoration of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism, although magnetic resonance venography showed only partial recanalization of the occluded sinus. PET evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism may be of value in gaining further insight into pathophysiological characteristics of human cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.