tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Pregnant Nigerian Women
Authors: Olufunsho O Famuyiwa, Richard A Amadin, Babatunde O Adelusi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) with 75 g glucose were performed in 20 healthy pregnant Nigerian women in each trimester of pregnancy and the puerperium; 34 nonpregnant control subjects matched for age and parity were also studied. The blood glucose levels from fasting to 60 min were lower in pregnant subjects, but the 90- and 120-min values were higher. The highest blood glucose values were observed in the first trimester with an apparent improvement in glucose tolerance in the second and third trimesters. This observation is strikingly different from the established pattern of OGTT in pregnant Caucasian women. With pooled data from OGTT results in the three trimesters for the 20 pregnant women (60 OGTTs), a statistically derived criterion (based on mean + 2SD approximated to the nearest 5) for the interpretation of OGTT in pregnant Nigerian women was devised. This criterion defines the upper limits of normal for venous whole-blood glucose in pregnant Nigerian women during an OGTT with a 75-g glucose load as follows: fasting, 90; 30 min, 135; 60 min, 150; 90 min, 145; and 120 min, 125 mg/dl. These values are lower than those recommended for pregnant women by the National Diabetes Data Group (O'Sullivan and Mahan criteria) and the World Health Organization. The results from this study underscore the need for caution regarding uncritical application of data from one racial or ethnic group to others.
Behavioral Science in Clinical Medicine
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The authors' book of eight chapters and 200 pages takes a clinical approach that is intended for use apparently in the later years of the curriculum. It lacks a basic biologic section that could serve for earlier courses. The senior author has had a distinguished career both as a teacher and researcher. The junior author was a research colleague of the late Harold Wolff who is extensively quoted. Much of the material has been published previously in various journals.  The book takes a wide view of human ecology in broad scope as it relates to human behavior. It assumes that behavioral science is a science comparable to chemistry but acknowledges it is at a stage chemistry was 100 years ago. It recommends more emphasis on the humanities in medical education and, on the part of practicing physicians, more interest in patients' general welfare and comfort.  Specific chapters discuss the interesting
Microelectrode Study of Delayed Conduction in the Canine Right Bundle Branch
Authors: JAMES R. WENNEMARK, VICTOR J. RUESTA, DANIEL A. BRODY
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The electrophysiology of conduction delay was investigated in the semi-isolated right bundle branch of 30 large mongrel dogs. Delay was produced by the external application of an electric blocking current to the bundle branch. Multiple recordings with glass capillary microelectrodes revealed two basic deflections associated with the delay phenomenon. An initial, or leading, deflection originated from the proximal or leading edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted through the block with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. A second, or trailing, deflection originated from the regenerative response at the distal or trailing edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted retrograde into the block, with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. The transmitted potentials appeared to be electrotonic in nature. The leading deflection appeared to be the transmitted event which maintained a conduction ratio of 1:1 through the block. The magnitude of delay was then related to the time required for this deflection to reach the threshold potential and initiate a regenerative response in the trailing portion of the block where the cells were less affected by the blocking current.
Adenosine triphosphate infusion increases liver energy status in advanced lung cancer patients: An in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Susanne Leij-Halfwerk, Hendrik J. Agteresch, Paul E. Sijens, Pieter C. Dagnelie
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

We recently observed inhibition of weight loss in patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer after intravenous infusion of ATP. Because liver ATP levels were found to be decreased in lung cancer patients with weight loss, the present 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study was aimed at investigating whether ATP infusion restores liver energy status in these patients. Nine patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (stage IIIB/IV) were studied 1 week before (baseline) and at 22 to 24 hours of continuous ATP infusion (37-75 microg/kg/min). Localized hepatic 31P MR spectra (repetition time 15 seconds), obtained in the overnight-fasted state, were analyzed for ATP and P(i) content. Ten healthy subjects (without ATP infusion) served as control. Liver ATP levels in lung cancer patients increased from 8.8 +/- 0.7% (relative to total MR-detectable phosphate; mean +/- SE) at baseline to 12.2 +/- 0.9% during ATP infusion (P <.05), i.e., a level similar to that in healthy subjects (11.9 +/- 0.9%). The increase in ATP level during ATP infusion was most prominent in patients with > or = 5% weight loss (baseline: 7.9 +/- 0.7%, during ATP infusion: 12.8 +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). In conclusion, ATP infusion restores hepatic energy levels in patients with advanced lung cancer, especially in weight-losing patients. These changes may contribute to the previously reported beneficial effects of ATP infusion on the nutritional status of lung cancer patients.
Software Review of The INTERNIST™
Authors: RANDOLPH A. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Software Review of The INTERNIST™RANDOLPH A. MILLER, M.D.RANDOLPH A. MILLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-573_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In response to Dr. Blois' questions (1) regarding my software review of The INTERNIST™ (2), I am providing additional information.In testing the program, I selected two common and serious disorders, myocardial infarction and meningitis, from the list of diagnoses about which the program has information. Without reviewing the program's knowledge base regarding these conditions, I made up two brief prototypical scenarios for patients presenting with the conditions. I then ran each scenario once and only once.Dr. Blois complains that he was unable to find the manifestations used for the patient scenarios when he looked for...References1. BLOIS M. Critical reviewing of software [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:139-40. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MILLER R. INTERNIST [Software review]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:622-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RANDOLPH A. MILLER, M.D.Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComputer-assisted diagnosis of rheumatic disorders 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4 Page: 573-573 Keywords Meningitis Myocardial infarction ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Natural history of fascia lata valves in the aortic and mitral positions
Authors: J. K. Ross, J. C. R. Lincoln, R. N. Sapsford, J. Wisheart
Journal: Thorax (1973)

A total of 68 frame-mounted fascia lata valves were inserted in 59 patients between November 1969 and September 1970. The valves were all constructed by one or other of the authors with only minor variations in technique during the period of 10 months when this type of valve replacement was practised. All were mounted on cloth-covered metal frames whose geometry also remained substantially unaltered throughout the series. This report is concerned with the natural history of this type of valve substitute in the aortic and mitral positions. The evidence to date indicates that the frame-mounted fascia lata valve continues to function well in the aortic position for periods of more than two years, whereas in the mitral position the behaviour of the valve is unpredictable with a significant incidence of degenerative change and loss of function within one year of insertion.
The Policeman and the Brothel
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Every author, I suppose, is familiar with the experience of realising the mistakes he has made the very moment that what he has written has been committed irrevocably to print. And this was so with a book of mine published this year titled The Policeman and the Brothel . I had overlooked something that should have been obvious to me, at least as a possibility.

My wife, who is a doctor, was doing a locum on the island of Jersey and I went with her. Finding myself with nothing to do there for three or four months, I researched three murders that took place there between December 1845 and February 1846, the last of them of a policeman called Le Cronier, …
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis: Detection by Thallium 201 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Bernadine H. Bulkley, Jacques Rouleau, H. William Strauss, Bertram Pitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To determine whether thallium 201 myocardial imaging could be used to detect hypertrophie cardiomyopathy, 10 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis were studied. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, an anatomic marker for this disease, was evident on thallium scans in the patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, with a ratio of septum to left ventricular free wall of 1.7 cm compared to 1.0 cm in eight normal volunteers, and 1.0 cm in eight patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also demonstrated apical ventricular wall thickening, and athicker posterior ventricular free wall in the obstructive in contrast to the nonobstructive form of this disease. Thallium scans of three patients with pulmonary hypertension and secondary asymmetric septal hypertrophy were distinguished from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis by marked right ventricular wall thickening. Thus, thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging provides a noninvasive method for detection and evaluation of idiopathic hypertrophie subaortic stenosis. (N Engl J Med 293:1113–1116, 1975)
Correlation of phenotype with genotype in inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Stephen P. Daiger, Lori S. Sullivan, Joseph A. Rodriguez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Diseases causing inherited retinal degeneration in humans, such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular dystrophy, are genetically heterogeneous and clinically diverse. More than 40 genes causing retinal degeneration have been mapped to specific chromosomal sites; of these, at least 10 have been cloned and characterized. Mutations in two proteins, rhodopsin and peripherin/RDS, account for approximately 35% of all cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and a lesser fraction of other retinal conditions. This target article reviews the genes and mutations causing retinal degeneration and proposes mechanisms whereby specific mutations lead to particular clinical consequences, that is, the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Retinitis pigmentosa and macular dystrophy are genetically heterogeneous diseases that cause retinal degeneration in humans and often result in severe visual impairment or blindness. Although many of the genes causing these diseases have not been identified, three photoreceptor-specific proteins have been implicated: rhodopsin, peripherin/RDS, and the P-subunit of rod phosphodiesterase. Mutations in the genes for these three proteins can cause either dominant retinitis pigmentosa, recessive retinitis pigmentosa, dominant congenital stationary night blindness, or dominant macular degeneration. Why this multiplicity of clinical phenotypes? Our target article summarizes the genetic and biochemical background to this question and proposes a number of possible explanations. Discussion focuses mainly on 73 distinct disease-causing mutations of rhodopsin. We feel that rhodopsin and other photoreceptor proteins can serve as model systems for unraveling the connection between genotype and phenotype, not only for inherited retinal diseases but for other degenerative disorders as well.
Deep Venous Thrombosis in Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Earl K. Leeman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the recent article by Sautter et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Aspirin-Sulfinpyrazone in Prophylaxis of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Total Hip Replacement." As the authors point out, thromboembolism is a common complication of hip arthroplasty and is, in fact, a major cause of postoperative mortality in these patients. They further note and support from their data a statistically significant reduction of venographically diagnosed thrombi in the proximal veins of the leg in patients treated with aspirin and sulfinpyrazone. They further recognized at least four factors that might have influenced the development of thrombus and confounded the results of prophylactic treatment. These factors included risk factors predisposing development of thrombosis, sex, postoperative wearing of stockings, and ABO blood type. I would like to add an additional factor that the authors neglected to address in their article. The choice of anesthetic technique, regional (spinal and epidural)<i>v</i>general
Sustained augmentation of parasympathetic tone with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Philip F. Binkley, Garrie J. Haas, Randall C. Starling, Enrico Nunziata, Patricia A. Hatton, Carl V. Leier, Robert J. Cody
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
PTU-085 Decompensated Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD): High Long-Term Mortality Despite Initial Survival
Authors: A N Aljoudeh, E McFarlane, M Karajeh, D Gleeson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Whilst early management and outcome of decompensated ALD has been extensively studied, there are few published data on long-term outcome. We have previously (McFarlane, Gut 2006; 55:A2 and 55:A36) reported on early and 4-yr mortality in 249 patients (163 men, age (mean(range)) 50(27–77) yr) admitted consecutively to our unit between 1/4/1998 and 31/12/2005 with first presentation of decompensated ALD (Child grade B or C).Here we aimed to assess long-term mortality and its associations in this cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed available hospital records, and death certificates and contacted surviving patients and general practitioners to assess who had died, the causes of death and the patients’ overall alcohol drinking behaviour subsequent to the index hospital episode (classified as: abstinent, continued drinking but reduced, and did not reduce). <h3>Results</h3> 37 patients died during the index hospital episode, all because of liver disease. The other 212 patients (including one transplanted during the index episode) were followed up for 4.3 (0.03–13.0) years. Only one other patient was transplanted. 154 patients have subsequently died. Cause of death is known in 134 (87%) and was due to liver disease in 95 (71%) of these. Only 4 patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall 5- and 10- year total mortality rates were 52+(SEM)4% and 75+3% respectively; corresponding rates from causes known to be liver related were 41+5% and 51+4%. Patients who were abstinent (n = 52) had lower total and known liver-related mortality (61+9% and 20+6% after 10 yr) compared to those who continued but reduced (n = 105; 73+5% p = 0.122 and 53+6% p = 0.013) and to those who did not reduce (n = 53; 91+4% p &lt; 0.001 and 71+7% p &lt; 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, both total and known liver-related mortality were independent of age, gender and severity of liver dysfunction at index presentation (Child, MELD, Glasgow and Maddrey scores) but were strongly associated with subsequent drinking behaviour (both p &lt; 0.001) and inversely associated with serum albumin at discharge following index hospital episode (p = 0.001 and 0.019). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with decompensated ALD who survive their first hospital episode have high long-term mortality, mainly due to liver disease, which is reduced but not prevented by abstinence. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Intra- and extracellular actions of proton on the calcium current of isolated guinea pig ventricular cells.
Authors: H Irisawa, R Sato
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

External or internal application of proton on the calcium current was investigated using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in single ventricular cells of the guinea pig. The effect of acid pHo on the calcium current depended on the strength of the buffer in the internal solution. In the presence of 5 mM HEPES in the pipette, external acidification depressed calcium current with the half maximum inhibition of pHo 5.5. When the intracellular pH was buffered strongly to pH 7.2 by 50 mM HEPES within the pipette solution, half maximum inhibition of the calcium current was shifted to the acidic side markedly. When acid was applied in the patch electrode, calcium current was hardly affected by the pH values down to 6.0 in the pipette solution but was depressed by approximately half on further acidification to pH 4.5. When the Na+-H+ exchange system was blocked by superfusing the cell with either amiloride or Na+-deficient solutions (Tris substituted), calcium current was decreased by half at a pipette pH of around 6.5 and was completely and irreversibly blocked at pHpip 6.0. From the above results, we concluded that the calcium current of the ventricular cell is much more sensitive to intracellular protons than extracellular ones.
Patient Satisfaction and Its Discontents
Authors: C. Bree Johnston
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Review of Determinants of Patients’ Preferences for Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Sylvia J.T. Jansen, Wilma Otten, Anne M. Stiggelbout
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Many studies have determined cancer patients' preferences for adjuvant therapy, for example, by asking patients the extent of benefit they would need in order to accept the therapy. However, little is known about the determinants that influence these preferences. Our research goal was to explore which determinants underlie patients' preferences by means of a literature review.PubMed searches were conducted to identify studies in which cancer patients' preferences for adjuvant therapy had been elicited by means of a treatment preference instrument. Twenty-three papers were evaluated with regard to reported relationships between preferences and potential determinants. A total of 40 determinants were recorded and classified into one of seven categories: (1) treatment-related determinants, (2) sociodemographic characteristics and current quality of life, (3) clinical characteristics, (4) measurement instrument-related determinants, (5) time-related determinants, (6) cognitive/affective determinants, and (7) specialist-related determinants.The benefit and toxicity of treatment, experience of the treatment, and having dependents (eg, children) living at home were important determinants of patients' preferences. Furthermore, qualitative data suggested that cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants might have a large impact on patients' treatment preferences.Our results show that patients' preferences cannot fully be explained on the basis of treatment-related determinants and patient and clinical characteristics. More research is needed in the area of cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants because of the lack of quantitative results. Furthermore, we recommend carrying out larger studies in which the (internal) relationships between determinants and preferences are assessed in the context of a cognitive cost-benefit model.
Carinal resection, left pneumonectomy, and right lung anastomosis for adenocystic basal cell carcinoma (cylindroma)
Authors: D. T. Thompson, J. A. Doyle, A. J. Roncoroni
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The surgical approach to, and resection of, a cylindroma of the left main bronchus involving the trachea and right main bronchus is described. The literature on bronchial adenoma and cylindroma is reviewed, both the pathogenesis and surgery being discussed. A plea for a more aggressive approach is made.
Domestic violence against women. Incidence and prevalence in an emergency department population
Authors: J. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine the incidence, 1-year prevalence, and cumulative prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among female emergency department (ED) patients.Descriptive written survey.Two teaching EDs, two hospital walk-in clinics, and one private hospital ED in Denver, Colo.Of 833 women presenting during 30 randomly selected 4-hour time blocks, 648 (78%) agreed to participate. Most respondents were young (median age, 34 years) and unemployed (62%); half (49%) had annual household incomes less than $10,000.Domestic violence was defined as an assault, threat, or intimidation by a male partner. Acute DV (incidence) and past DV exposure (1-year prevalence and cumulative prevalence) were determined.The incidence of acute DV among the 418 women with a current male partner was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7% to 15.2%). Only 11 (23%) of these 47 women subjected to acute DV presented for care because of trauma, and only six (13%) either told staff about DV or were asked about DV by ED professionals. Among 230 women without current partners, 13 (5.6%) reported an episode of DV within the previous 30 days. For the entire sample, the cumulative lifetime prevalence of DV exposure was 54.2% (95% CI, 50.2% to 58.1%). Women exposed to acute or prior DV were more likely than unexposed women to have made suicide attempts (26% vs 8%; P < .001) and to report excessive ethanol use (24% vs 13%; P = .001).The incidence of acute DV is not as common among women visiting an ED as previously reported, although the cumulative prevalence of DV is strikingly high. Women who have experienced DV are seldom identified by ED professionals.