tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Public Policy
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The federal government has long engaged in a political balancing act to accommodate the conflicting forces that debate the shape of public policies affecting the use of tobacco in the United States. The contradictions in federal policies are striking: the government invests millions of dollars annually for medical research on the links between smoking and disease and regulates cigarette advertising and smoking on airplanes, trains, and buses, while it extends price supports and low-cost loans as agricultural subsidies to tobacco growers.Now, 20 years after the release of the first report by the surgeon general on smoking and health, the . . .
Inhibition of gastrin release by secretin is mediated by somatostatin in cultured rat antral mucosa.
Authors: M M Wolfe, G M Reel, J E McGuigan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Somatostatin-containing cells have been shown to be in close anatomic proximity to gastrin-producing cells in rat antral mucosa. The present studies were directed to examine the effect of secretin on carbachol-stimulated gastrin release and to assess the potential role of somatostatin in mediating this effect. Rat antral mucosa was cultured at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, pH 7.4, gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. After 1 h the culture medium was decanted and mucosal gastrin and somatostatin were extracted. Carbachol (2.5 X 10(-6) M) in the culture medium increased gastrin level in the medium from 14.1 +/- 2.5 to 26.9 +/- 3.0 ng/mg tissue protein (P less than 0.02), and decreased somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the medium from 1.91 +/- 0.28 to 0.62 +/- 0.12 ng/mg (P less than 0.01) and extracted mucosal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity from 2.60 +/- 0.30 to 1.52 +/- 0.16 ng/mg (P less than 0.001). Rat antral mucosa was then cultured in the presence of secretin to determine its effect on carbachol-stimulated gastrin release. Inclusion of secretin (10(-9)-10(-7) M) inhibited significantly carbachol-stimulated gastrin release into the medium, decreasing gastrin from 26.9 +/- 3.0 to 13.6 +/- 3.2 ng/mg (10(-9) M secretin) (P less than 0.05), to 11.9 +/- 1.7 ng/mg (10(-8) secretin) (P less than 0.02), and to 10.8 +/- 4.0 ng/mg (10(-7) M secretin) (P less than 0.02). Secretin (10(-7) and 10(-8) M) also increased concomitantly culture medium somatostatin concentration. To determine whether secretion inhibition of carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was mediated by somatostatin, antral mucosa was cultured with carbachol, secretin (10(-9)-10(-7) M), and antibodies to somatostatin. Inclusion of somatostatin antibodies in the culture medium abolished the capacity of secretin (10(-7) and 10(-8) M) to inhibit carbachol-stimulated gastrin release. Results of these studies indicate (a) that secretin inhibits carbachol-stimulated gastrin release and (b) that under the conditions of these experiments secretin inhibition of gastrin release is mediated, at least in part, locally through release of antral somatostatin.
A ward-based pharmacist intervention reduced emergency department visits and drug-related readmissions in elderly patients
Authors: Steven M. Belknap
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Gillespie U, Alassaad A, Henrohn D, et al. A comprehensive pharmacist intervention to reduce morbidity in patients 80 years or older: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:894-900. 19433702
Laboratory Evaluation of a New Antibiotic--Cephaloridine (Ceporin)
Authors: P. W. Muggleton, C. H. O'Callaghan, W. K. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Partial Gastrectomy-Windsor MEDBRICTlSJHRNAL cardia may well lead to the development of a hiatus hernia and account for the high incidence of this condition in the Billroth I group.A further possible explanation of the findings is that there is a reduction in tone of the intrinsic sphincter mechanism of the lower oesophagus after partial gastrectomy.Clark and Vane (1961) showed that in animals the presence of alkali in the lower oesophagus reduces the tone in this sphincter, and it is thought that alkali in the oesophagus of post-gastrectomy patients reduces the efficiency of the gastro-oesophageal closing mechanism still further.Stammers and Williams (1963) have pointed out that iron absorption after partial gastrectomy is adequate for normal needs provided there is no occult loss.An attempt was made to correlate anaemia with radiological reflux.Iron deficiency and anaemia were present in as many patients with reflux as in those without, and no significant conclusions could be drawn from this small series.A more detailed study is planned to clarify this point.It is suggested, however, that oesophagitis after partial gastrectomy is a much more common condition than hitherto recognized and is a possible cause of loss of blood in the post-gastrectomy patient.Summary Sixty-one unselected patients were investigated after partial gastrectomy, and heartburn was found to be a complaint in 16 of them.Radiological reflux was induced in 24 patients- 50% of the Biliroth I and 27% of the Polya cases.Hiatus hernia was present in only six patients.It is suggested that the symptoms are due to alkaline reflux with tryptic digestion of the oesophageal mucosa, and a mechanism is suggested for ts causation.An attempt to correlate the symptoms of oesophagitis with post-gastrectomy anaemia was unsuccessful, though this is thought to be a likely association.
New mobile phone apps target tech savvy Indians to sign up for organ donation
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Two applications (apps) for mobile phones were launched in Tamil Nadu last week with the aim of motivating and encouraging Indians to sign up for organ donation. 

The Multi Organ Harvesting Aid Network (Mohan) Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that promotes and supports deceased organ donation and transplantation in India, launched a mobile app called e-donor card. When a person signs up for organ donation and downloads the app onto their mobile phone, the app displays a donor card on the mobile to encourage the donation of other organs and tissues after death. 

“Once [the app is] downloaded, a heart symbol is displayed on the …
The role of vanin-1 and oxidative stress–related pathways in distinguishing acute and chronic pediatric ITP
Authors: Bing Zhang, Clara Lo, Lei Shen, Ruchira Sood, Carol Jones, Kristina Cusmano-Ozog, Shaun Park-Snyder, Wendy Wong, Michael Jeng, Tina Cowan, Edgar G. Engleman, James L. Zehnder
Journal: Blood (2011)
Effects of thrombin inhibition on the development of acute platelet-thrombus deposition during angioplasty in pigs. Heparin versus recombinant hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor.
Authors: M Heras, J H Chesebro, W J Penny, K R Bailey, L Badimon, V Fuster
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The effect of recombinant hirudin and the dosage of heparin on acute platelet-thrombus deposition during carotid angioplasty in anesthetized pigs was prospectively assessed. Fifty-five animals (mean weight, 33.9 kg) were randomized to one of six heparin dosages: heparin boluses of 35, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 units/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 35, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 units/kg/hr, respectively. Another five pigs received a bolus of 1 mg/kg hirudin (recombinant desulphatohirudin), a specific thrombin inhibitor, followed by an infusion of 1 mg/kg/hr. Bilateral carotid angioplasty was performed in all pigs 20 minutes after starting the infusion; they were sacrificed 57 +/- 12 minutes after the procedure. Deep medial arterial injury was present in approximately 75% of the dilated segments, and subendothelial injury in the remaining 25%. Mean log of number of platelets and molecules of fibrinogen per centimeter squared of deep injury in segments from all the animals treated with heparin were 4.74 +/- 1.03 and 5.02 +/- 0.64, respectively. A regression analysis showed an inverse correlation of the log of platelet deposition with the heparin group (r = -0.56, p = 0.0001) with administered total units of heparin (r = -0.55, p = 0.0003) and with mean plasma heparin concentration (r = -0.55, p = 0.0004) in deeply injured arteries. Similar inverse relations were obtained for fibrinogen. In contrast, the deposition of platelets and fibrinogen in subendothelial injury was very low and independent of the heparin administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
APICAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: CHEST PAIN AND PERFUSION DEFECTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CAVITY OBLITERATION AND POST-SYSTOLIC STRAIN
Authors: Edward James Stephenson, Danielle Longchamp, James Malcolmson, Redha Boubertakh, Howell Williams, Andrew Wragg, Charles Knight, Neha Sekhri, Steffen Petersen, Saidi Mohiddin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 573: USP7 and Daxx regulate mitosis progression and taxane sensitivity by affecting stability of Aurora A kinase.
Authors: Serena Giovinazzi, Viacheslav M. Morozov, Matthew K. Summers, William C. Reinhold, Alexander M. Ishov
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A large number of patients are resistant to taxane-based chemotherapy. Functional mitotic checkpoints are essential for taxane sensitivity. Thus, mitotic regulators are potential markers for therapy response and could be targeted for anticancer therapy. In this study we identified a novel function of Ubiquitin Specific processing Protease-7 (USP7) that interacts and cooperates with protein Daxx in regulation of mitosis and taxane resistance. Depletion of USP7 impairs mitotic progression, stabilizes cyclin B and reduces stability of the mitotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, Checkpoint with Forkhead and RING finger (CHFR). Consequently, cells with depleted of USP7 accumulate Aurora A kinase, a CHFR substrate, thus elevating multipolar mitoses. We further show that these effects are independent from the USP7 substrate p53. Thus, USP7 and Daxx are necessary to regulate proper execution of mitosis, partially via regulation of CHFR and Aurora A kinase stability. Results from colony formation assay, in silico analysis across the NCI60 platform and in breast cancer patients suggest that USP7 levels inversely correlate with response to taxanes, pointing at the USP7 protein as a potential predictive factor for taxane response in cancer patients. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibition of Aurora A attenuates USP7-mediated taxane resistance, suggesting that combinatorial drug regimens of Taxol and Aurora A inhibitors may improve the outcome of chemotherapy response in cancer patients resistant to taxane treatment. Finally our study offers novel insights on USP7 inhibition as cancer therapy. Citation Format: Serena Giovinazzi, Viacheslav M. Morozov, Matthew K. Summers, William C. Reinhold, Alexander M. Ishov. USP7 and Daxx regulate mitosis progression and taxane sensitivity by affecting stability of Aurora A kinase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 573. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-573
Primary Care Remuneration — A Simple Fix
Authors: Arthur M Fournier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Fixing primary care is critical to health care reform but will require simultaneously fixing several problems, including those related to remuneration, the work environment, and medical education.1 The most critical of these issues is remuneration.The week of June 15 to 26, 2009, was bittersweet for those of us who care about primary care. President Barack Obama addressed the American Medical Association, emphasizing the central role that primary care must play in health care reform.2 We then learned of the death of Dr. Lynn Carmichael, a founder of the modern field of family medicine.3 The roller coaster continued with the . . .
Wireless Capsule Endoscopic Detection of Meckel’s Diverticulum after Nondiagnostic Surgery
Authors: M. Mylonaki, D. MacLean, A. Fritscher-Ravens, P. Swain
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A patient aged 26 was investigated for recurrent severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Over a 4-year period, he was transfused more than 400 units of blood. Multiple investigations included three negative Meckel's scans. A right hemicolectomy for supposed angiodysplasia failed to control his bleeding. Wireless capsule endoscopy demonstrated the presence of a Meckel's diverticulum. At a repeat laparotomy, the ulcerated Meckel's diverticulum was identified and resected. The patient had no further bleeding and had a normal haemoglobin level on repeat blood tests up to 12 months after surgical excision of the diverticulum.
Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a patient with simultaneous B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: J. Ignacio Martin‐Subero, Reiner Siebert, Lana Harder, Stefan Gesk, Peter Schwindt, Andreas Bräuninger, Klaus Willenbrock, Doris Steinemann, Markus Tiemann, Maria Jose Calasanz, Werner Grote, Wolf‐Dieter Ludwig, Martin‐Leo Hansmann, Brigitte Schlegelberger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract A patient is described who developed a peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) after a 6‐year history of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL). The progression of the T‐cell disease spreading to pleura and skin terminated the course of the disease. A cytogenetic analysis performed six years after the first onset of the B‐CLL showed the presence of two clones, one with trisomy 12 and another with inv(14)(q11q32.1) and trisomy 8. Combined immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that only CD19+ cells contained a trisomy 12, whereas CD3+ cells contained a trisomy 8. Analyses of IgH and TCR rearrangements in single micromanipulated B‐ and T‐cells lacked evidence for a clonal relation between B‐CLL and PTCL cells. Based on our findings, we discuss the different hypotheses which might explain the development of simultaneous PTCL and B‐CLL. Am. J. Hematol. 68:276–279, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
URETERAL STRICTURE: AN IMPORTANT ETIOLOGIC FACTOR IN THE SO-CALLED ESSENTIAL HEMATURIAS
Authors: GUY L. HUNNER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

One of the most interesting problems in urology, long recognized as belonging to the border zone between medicine and surgery, is afforded by the so-called essential hematuria, occurring either with pain or colic or as a symptomless bleeding. For our present day views on the subject, we are largely indebted to James Israel. His monumental work, published in 1901 and entitled "Surgical Clinic of the Kidney Diseases," has long been a storehouse of knowledge for those interested in kidney surgery and pathology. Chapter 13, "Concerning Renal Hematurias, Nephralgias and Colics in Apparently Unaltered Kidneys," is a masterpiece, showing Israel's careful methods of history taking, and urinalysis, with clinical observation and notation at the bedside, in the operating room and in the pathologic laboratory. This chapter is founded on an experience with fourteen cases, extending over a period of ten years, and these observations were made at a time when the
Armand J. Quick: Pioneer and Prophet of Coagulation Research
Authors: JOHN H. DIRCKX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

During a professional career spanning more than 50 years, the American physician, biochemist, and teacher Armand J. Quick made numerous important contributions to medicine, particularly in the field of hemostasis. His hippuric acid test (1933) was the first quantitative test of liver function. In 1935 he reported the technique most closely associated with his name, the prothrombin time test, which was used by other investigators in the isolation of vitamin K and the identification of the coumarin anticoagulants. Later the test came into wide use for the control of anticoagulant therapy. Quick studied hereditary bleeding disorders and devised tests for their identification. He also uncovered several basic principles of normal hemostasis. He was among the first to draw attention to the anticoagulant properties of aspirin, and at the end of his career postulated the existence of a vitamin besides C and K that is essential for hemostasis.
Drug-induced haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Authors: T K Chan, D Todd, S C Tso
Journal: BMJ (1976)

People with the variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) deficiency common in the southern Chinese (Canton, B(-)Chinese, and Hong Kong-Pokfulam) have a moderate shortening of red-cell survival but no anaemia when they are in the steady state. With a cross-transfusion technique, primaquine, nitrofurantoin, and large doses of aspirin were found to aggravate the haemolysis while sulphamethoxazole did so only in some people. Individual differences in drug metabolism may be the reason for this. Many commonly used drugs reported to accentuate haemolysis in GPD deficiency did not shorten red-cell survival.
Prediction of GPCR-G Protein Coupling Specificity Using Features of Sequences and Biological Functions
Authors: Toshihide Ono, Haretsugu Hishigaki
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract Understanding the coupling specificity between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and specific classes of G proteins is important for further elucidation of receptor functions within a cell. Increasing information on GPCR sequences and the G protein family would facilitate prediction of the coupling properties of GPCRs. In this study, we describe a novel approach for predicting the coupling specificity between GPCRs and G proteins. This method uses not only GPCR sequences but also the functional knowledge generated by natural language processing, and can achieve 92.2% prediction accuracy by using the C4.5 algorithm. Furthermore, rules related to GPCR-G protein coupling are generated. The combination of sequence analysis and text mining improves the prediction accuracy for GPCR-G protein coupling specificity, and also provides clues for understanding GPCR signaling.
A NEW FETAL MANIKIN FOR TEACHING OBSTETRICS
Authors: Harry S. Fist
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Forty years ago, Dr. J. Clifton Edgar,1addressing the Section in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the New York Academy of Medicine, described the various manikins and their accessories then used in obstetric teaching, commenting on the necessity for studying models before actually attending parturient women. He also described a metal pelvis which is very satisfactory for demonstrating normal labor because it clearly indicates the bony landmarks and does not obscure the movements of the fetus.  In 1892,2the Long Island College Hospital was using five manikins in teaching the class in obstetrics. Some writers of that day3were of the opinion that the use of the manikin was old-fashioned because the Germans, at that time the foremost authorities, were abandoning the manikin and studying live clinic patients. The manikin, however, serves to demonstrate much that cannot be shown on the living patient, and it is today considered one of
IMMEDIATE CAPSULOTOMY FOLLOWING THE REMOVAL OF CATARACT.Read before the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, May 17, 1894.
Authors: L. WEBSTER FOX
Journal: JAMA (1894)

All ophthalmic surgeons endeavor to obtain perfect vision after the removal of a cataract. On account of its prevalence, the loss of one of the most valued of the senses, and the restoration to vision by a bloodless and painless operation have concurred to render this operation an object of the highest attention to surgeons; and the progress of improvement in the operation has been commensurate with the advances made in surgery elsewhere in the economy. Unfortunately, with all our skill and knowledge, success does not always follow the removal of an opaque lens. The many contingencies incident to the healing of the wound, the distortion of the cornea, the subsequent change in the media caused by iritis, or a thickening of the posterior capsule—one or all of these factors play a very important rôle in the subsequent restoration to vision. The opaque lens, with its capsule, obstructs the vision,
A CASE OF GENERAL ARGYRIA.
Authors: R. A. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Argyria, once a very common form of intoxication, is now very rare. The first case was seen in 1791 by Schwediauer, and reported by Fourcroy. Early in the nineteenth century many cases were reported and the number increased toward the middle of the century on account of the extensive use of the metal in the treatment of epilepsy and tabes. The slaty pigmentation was frequently seen in the European hospitals and on postmortem tables. General argyria now is very rare, the only form of the pigmentation now seen being a local affection due to topical application to wounds, ulcers, etc., or to absorption of silver dust by workers in the metal. It is not so much the amount of the metal ingested that causes the pigmentation as it is the repeated taking of small doses over a long period of time. The only pathologic change found is the deposition of
Effect of Stretch on Blood Flow in Dog Skeletal Muscle Evaluated by Simultaneous 133Xenon Clearance and Direct Recording Methods
Authors: T. M. D. Gimlette, A. Nasrallah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Journal Article Effect of Stretch on Blood Flow in Dog Skeletal Muscle Evaluated by Simultaneous 133Xenon Clearance and Direct Recording Methods Get access T. M. D. Gimlette, T. M. D. Gimlette From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Liverpool Clinic, Liverpool, and the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Nasrallah A. Nasrallah From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Liverpool Clinic, Liverpool, and the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1969, Pages 88–91, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/3.1.88 Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Received: 01 February 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Electron microscopic studies in desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with asbestos
Authors: B. Corrin, A. B. Price
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A case of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) has been studied by electron microscopy in order to determine the nature of the alveolar cells. Those lining the alveolar walls proved to be granular pneumocytes (type II alveolar epithelial cells) while cells free in the lumen were alveolar macrophages. The brief literature describing the electron microscopic findings in DIP is reviewed. All workers agree that the lining cells are granular pneumocytes and most report a mixed free cell population with the emphasis shifting from desquamated epithelial cells to macrophages. In the present case asbestos bodies were also found in the lung, suggesting that DIP is not a specific disease entity.
How imitators represent the imitated: The vital experiments
Authors: Andrew Whiten
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon rightly draw attention to complex and neglected aspects of ape imitation. However, program-level imitation as a single, absolute category may mislead us in understanding abstractions involved in imitation. Designing the right experiments will offer clarity. One recent experiment has shown imitation of sequential structure: What is needed to test other components of what the authors propose?