tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE METHOD OF INTRODUCING IODIZED OIL INTO THE LUNGS
Authors: J. J. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Since the introduction of the use of iodized oil by Sicard and Forestier,<sup>1</sup>many uses have been found for the iodized oil in the roentgen-ray study of the lungs and pleura. The methods described by the originators are complicated and require unusual, expert skill in the use of intratracheal instruments. While there can be no objection to the methods that have been outlined by various authors, it seems that the simplest method would obviate the use of the bronchoscope and the intratracheal introduction of instruments in many cases. In a communication by Lian, Darbois and Navarre<sup>2</sup>in 1922, it was suggested that the iodized oil could be aspirated into the lungs by pulling out the tongue and injecting the oil at the base of the tongue. Apparently this method has not been in vogue in the United States, although Pritchard<sup>3</sup>of Battle Creek, Mich., has done considerable
Innovation and Comparative-Effectiveness Research in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Eric David Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Cardiac surgery has always been a unique combination of art and science. The field is advanced by those who push the envelope by suggesting innovations. Yet promising techniques need to be rigorously evaluated before they are widely adopted. Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) was pioneered in the 1960s and subsequently shown in a series of randomized studies to extend life and relieve angina in subgroups of patients with severe coronary disease.1 As a result of these studies, CABG has grown to become the most common surgical procedure in the world.2 During the subsequent years, however, CABG techniques have continued to be . . .
Left-Sided Gallbladder
Authors: IGNACIO BANZO, JOSE M. CARRIL, CARLOS ARNAL, REMEDIOS QUIRCE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

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Baseline ECGs-Reply
Authors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Selzer's comments restate the usual rationale for baseline ECGs. He seems disturbed that the institution is questioned in our article, especially in light of his task force's conclusions. As we stated, his task force was only one of several such groups of experts offering opinions on the matter of routine ECGs, and each group reached different conclusions as to whether routine ECGs are indicated in the asymptomatic population, and, if so, how frequently—ranging from not at all to annually after the age of 35 years. Clearly, there are differing opinions among experts, based largely on lack of data. Our study attempted to collect just such data. As he states, we did not address the value of baseline ECGs among persons with known heart disease, for whom, we would acknowledge, the value would probably be substantially higher. We looked only at the asymptomatic adult population without known preexisting
Gastric metastases from malignant melanoma
Authors: B. Pommer, A. Probst, H. Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 44-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for investigation of epigastric pain. Her symptoms began 4 months before this hospitalization, with nausea and weight loss of 2 kg; she denied having any other symptoms. Fourteen years earlier she had undergone surgery and immunotherapy for malignant melanoma in the face, but 10 years of follow-up investigations had been unremarkable. An outpatient endoscopy performed before she was admitted revealed “polyps in the gastric corpus,” which were described as hemangiomas. On examination, she had moderate abdominal tenderness. The results of standard laboratory investigations were unremarkable.
Disruption of androgen regulation in the prostate by the environmental contaminant hexachlorobenzene.
Authors: Jody L Ralph, Marie-Claire Orgebin-Crist, Jean-Jacques Lareyre, Colleen C Nelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent environmental contaminant that has the potential to interfere with steroid hormone regulation. The prostate requires precise control by androgens to regulate its growth and function. To determine if HCB impacts androgen action in the prostate, we used a number of methods. Our in vitro cell-culture-based assay used a firefly luciferase reporter gene driven by an androgen-responsive promoter. In the presence of dihydrotestosterone, low concentrations (0.5-5 nM) of HCB increased the androgen-responsive production of firefly luciferase and high concentrations of HCB (> 10 microM) suppressed this transcriptional activity. Results from a binding assay showed no evidence of affinity between HCB and the androgen receptor. We also tested HCB for in vivo effects using transgenic mice in which the transgene was a prostate-specific, androgen-responsive promoter upstream of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. In 4-week-old mice, the proportion of dilated prostate acini, a marker of sexual maturity, increased in the low HCB dose group and decreased in the high HCB dose mice. In the 8-week-old mice, there was a significant decrease in both CAT activity and prostate weight upon exposure to 20 mg/kg/day HCB. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo data suggest that HCB weakly agonizes androgen action, and consequently, low levels of HCB enhanced androgen action but high levels of HCB interfered. Environmental contaminants have been implicated in the rising incidence of prostate cancer, and insight into the mechanisms of endocrine disruption will help to clarify their role.
CD4-mediated enhancement or inhibition of T cell activation does not require the CD4:p56lck association.
Authors: A C Zerbib, A B Reske-Kunz, P Lock, R P Sékaly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

CD4 is the coreceptor molecule expressed on the surface of T cells specific for or restricted by class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Its expression on T cells is required for an optimal response to antigen (Ag). Three mechanisms have been invoked for the involvement of CD4 in T cell activation. First, it was shown that CD4 binds to MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs) thereby favoring an adhesion between effector cells and APCs. Association of CD4 to the T cell receptor and to the tyrosine kinase p56lck have also been shown to be critically involved in the positive function of CD4. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of CD4 with p56lck is not required to enhance the response of two CD4-dependent, Ag-specific T cell hybridomas. Mutant forms of CD4 (TCD4), which lose association to p56lck, were expressed in these T cells and were shown to enhance the Ag-specific response as efficiently as the wild-type CD4. Moreover both CD4-dependent and independent T cell responses were inhibited by CD4-specific mAbs even when CD4 was not associated with p56lck. These results indicate that mechanisms distinct from sequestration of p56lck and/or negative signaling operate in these inhibitions. Results demonstrating enhancement of TCR-mediated signaling by the coaggregation of TCD4 mutant to the TCR further confirm that the association of p56lck to CD4 is not absolutely required for the regulatory functions of CD4. Our results suggest that the mechanisms implicated in the enhancement of T cell stimulation via CD4 depend solely on the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD4.
Need and demand for primary health care: a comparative survey approach
Authors: J. L Hopton, M. Dlugolecka
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To develop general practice profiles of needs and demand for primary health care. <b>Design</b>: Postal survey of a stratified random sample of 3478 people registered with five general practices. Data from a single practice were compared with data from the remaining four to identify areas of comparative need. <b>Setting</b>: Five general practices in Lothian. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Differences between the single practice and the comparison practices in terms of social and economic circumstances, limiting long term illness, specific ongoing conditions, minor illness or symptoms, psychosocial problems, discussion of lifestyle, associated use of services. <b>Results</b>: Respondents from the single practice reported higher rates than those in the four comparison practices of ongoing mental health and respiratory problems and use of antidepressants, tranquillisers, or sleeping tablets. Although rates of limiting long term illness and other specific ongoing conditions were comparable, the rates of minor illness or symptoms and psychosocial difficulties were higher in the single practice. Respondents from the single practice were more likely to consult frequently, to have contacted the practice out of normal working hours, and to have discussed psychosocial difficulties with a general practitioner. For any specific ongoing condition or “minor” illness, respondents from the single practice were no more likely to consult. <b>Conclusions</b>: A comparative survey approach is a useful method of developing an understanding of patterns of need and demand among general practice populations. It has the potential to inform planning within individual general practices and the process of commissioning among general practices within a given area. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Patient surveys overcome important limitations of assessments of need based on the views of health professionals or routine data Surveys can inform planning and development within specific practice populations A comparative perspective is essential in the context of locality commissioning and resource redistribution
Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy
Authors: M. Yaar, B.A. Gilchrest
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Photoageing is the superposition of chronic ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage on intrinsic ageing and accounts for most age-associated changes in skin appearance. It is triggered by receptor-initiated signalling, mitochondrial damage, protein oxidation and telomere-based DNA damage responses. Photodamaged skin displays variable epidermal thickness, dermal elastosis, decreased/fragmented collagen, increased matrix-degrading metalloproteinases, inflammatory infiltrates and vessel ectasia. The development of cosmetically pleasing sunscreens that protect against both UVA and UVB irradiation as well as products such as tretinoin that antagonize the UV signalling pathways leading to photoageing are major steps forward in preventing and reversing photoageing. Improved understanding of the skin's innate UV protective mechanisms has also given rise to several novel treatment concepts that promise to revolutionize this field within the coming decade. Such advances should not only allow for the improved appearance of skin in middle age and beyond, but also greatly reduce the accompanying burden of skin cancer.
Presidential Disability and the Twenty-fifth Amendment
Authors: Jimmy Carter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

MANY PEOPLE have called to my attention the continuing danger to our nation from the possibility of a US president becoming disabled, particularly by a neurologic illness. Their concern is shared by a large number of constitutional scholars and physicians. I hope the medical community will support an effort to address this problem. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1967, provides a method whereby the president can certify to his disability, transfer his responsibilities to the vice president, and then resume his responsibilities when restored to health. Another section of the amendment makes it reasonably certain that the United States will always have a vice president. See also pp 1689, 1694, and 1699. The great weakness of the Twenty-fifth Amendment is its provision for determining disability in the event that the president is unable or unwilling to certify to impairment or disability. In this case, the constitutional duty
CCR6 Th17 but not CCR6 Th1 cells cooperate with synovial fibroblasts in a proinflammatory feedback loop in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J P van Hamburg, P S Asmawidjaja, A M C Mus, O B J Corneth, E M Colin, J M W Hazes, R J E M Dolhain, E Lubberts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Th17 cells are implicated in human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in experimental autoimmune models. Consistently, Th17 cell activity in early RA is strongly suggested by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α. …
Efficacité de la pose de clip dans la prévention de la migration des prothèses métalliques oesophagiennes couvertes: une étude comparative rétrospective monocentrique
Authors: G Vanbiervliet, J Filippi, FB Karimdjee, N Venissac, A Iannelli, A Rahili, E Benezri, D Pop, I Ben Amor, A Tran, J Mouroux, J Gugenheim, D Benchimol, X Hébuterne
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La migration est une complication fréquente des prothèses oesophagiennes auto expansibles métalliques couvertes (PMC) poséesendoscopiquement. Le but de l'étude était d'évaluer l'efficacité de la pose de clips pour amarrer les PMC à la muqueuse digestive et prévenir lamigration du matériel.
TCT-319 Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) are equally able to identify ischaemia and flow limitation: a pooled analysis of studies against SPECT, HSR, CFR and PET
Authors: Ricardo Petraco, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Guus A. de Waard, Tim P. van de Hoef, Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Rasha Al-Lamee, Martijn A. van Lavieren, Paul Knaapen, Javier Escaned, Jan Piek, Niels van Royen, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Infections in Immunocompromised Infants and Children
Authors: Richard J. Bonforte
Journal: JAMA (1993)

One can legitimately ask, Is there really a need for another textbook of infectious diseases, particularly one costing over $200 and running to almost 1000 pages? When it is the one edited by Dr Patrick, the answer is an unequivocal "Yes!" What makes this particular textbook of infectious diseases unique is its focus on the immunocompromised infant and child. Diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases have long been a mainstay of pediatric practice. With our increased understanding of the importance of host defense mechanisms, we now know there are certain patients who are at particular risk for developing infectious disease as a result of an inability to mount adequate defenses against known pathogenic organisms or organisms that in other settings might be considered nonpathogenic. Initially, these patients were limited to infants and children with congenital immunodeficiency syndromes or premature infants whose immune systems were not fully developed. However, over the
Abstract A58: HMGA2 controls muscle stem cell activation and rhabdomyosarcoma progression
Authors: Zhizhong Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and it shares significant features with proliferating muscle progenitor (myoblast). In an effort to profile mechanistic changes that might control myogenesis and/or induce RMS, a group of genes were identified that are highly and specifically expressed in myoblasts and RMS, but not quiescent muscle stem cells or differentiated myofibers. One of these genes, HMGA2, maintains myoblast and RMS cellular proliferation and survival. Hmga2 knockout mice exhibit impaired muscle development and reduced myoblast proliferation. Similarly, targeting HMGA2 expression by shRNAs inhibited RMS proliferation and increased apoptosis. This perturbation in proliferation can be explained by the finding that HMGA2 directly regulates RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 in both myoblast and RMS. IGF2BP2 in turn binds to and controls the translation of a set of mRNAs, including NRas, which is frequently mutated in RMS and critical for tumor progression. These data demonstrate that HMGA2-IGF2BP2 axis functions as a conserved regulator of myoblast and RMS growth and may provide a novel target for future drug development to treat this childhood cancer. References: Li Z, et.al. Oncogenic NRAS, required for pathogenesis of embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma, relies upon the HMGA2-IGF2BP2 pathway. Cancer Res. 2013 May 15;73(10):3041-50. Li Z, et,al. An HMGA2-IGF2BP2 axis regulates myoblast proliferation and myogenesis. Dev Cell. 2012 Dec 11;23(6):1176-88. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Zhizhong Li. HMGA2 controls muscle stem cell activation and rhabdomyosarcoma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
Angiopoietin-1 prevents hypertension and target organ damage through its interaction with endothelial Tie2 receptor
Authors: Jung-Sun Lee, Sun-Hwa Song, Jeong-Min Kim, In-Soon Shin, Koung Li Kim, Yeon-Lim Suh, Hak-Zoo Kim, Gou Young Koh, Jonghoe Byun, Eun-Seok Jeon, Wonhee Suh, Duk-Kyung Kim
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The endothelium has emerged recently as a therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension because endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular rarefaction cause target organ damage and further elevate blood pressure (BP). It led us to hypothesize that one of the endothelial survival factors, a potent derivative of angiopoietin-1 (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, COMP-Ang-1), could be a novel class of antihypertensive agents that maintain endothelial integrity and function, thereby preventing the development of hypertension and target organ damage. To study the role of COMP-Ang-1 in preventing hypertension and target organ damage, a COMP-Ang-1 plasmid was electroporated into adductor muscles of 6 weeks old, pre-hypertensive, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and the secretion of its expressed protein into the bloodstream was confirmed by western blotting. In comparison with sham and reporter gene transfer, COMP-Ang-1 gene transfer significantly prevented increases in systolic BP and reduced microvascular rarefaction and tissue damage in the heart and kidney. However, overexpression of soluble Tie2 receptor completely abolished these beneficial effects of COMP-Ang-1 gene transfer on SHRs, indicating that expressed COMP-Ang-1 protein has antihypertensive effects in SHRs by binding Tie2 receptors on the vascular endothelium. In particular, COMP-Ang-1 gene-transferred SHRs had significantly higher plasma levels of nitrite than other controls, which was found to be due to that expressed COMP-Ang-1 protein promoted nitrite synthesis by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, one of the Tie2 downstream-signalling molecules. The present study suggests a new potential of endothelial survival factor, COMP-Ang-1, as an antihypertensive agent that effectively reduces the hypertension-associated cardiovascular and renal damage, as well as prevents the further elevation of BP.
Intracranial Hemorrhage After Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Alan J. Tuchman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Cocaine abuse and its medical, psychiatric, and neurological complications have been well documented. 1 However, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in cocaine abuse must be exceedingly low, as only three cases have been reported in the American literature 2,3 despite a large and growing population of cocaine abusers.  Use of  a new and more potent form of cocaine, has recently reached epidemic proportions in many major cities, especially New York. 4 To our knowledge, no reports of intracranial hemorrhage associated with its abuse have been reported.  In a two-week period, we evaluated five men aged 21 to 40 years with intracranial hemorrhage, one subsequent to confirmed abuse of crack, taken intravenously, one following intravenous cocaine abuse, and three with cocaine present in large amounts in their urine. Three of the patients had large intracerebral hematomas and two had subarachnoid hemorrhages. Two of the patients subsequently died,
Effects of Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Infection on Liver Function
Authors: G. Neale, D. E. Caughey, D. L. Mollin, C. C. Booth
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Eye diseases are a major global health concern but are often neglected. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic determinants of knowledge on common eye diseases among the adult population in Afghanistan. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional survey was designed and conducted between August and October, 2021, including 509 adult population in the Herat province of Afghanistan. Participants’ sociodemographics and knowledge of common eye diseases were recorded through an in-person interview. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate factors associated with understanding common eye diseases among study participants. <h3>Result</h3> The mean age of the study participant was 34.96 years, with males making up nearly 53.4% of the total sample. Of the 509 respondents, 76.8% of them did not have enough information on common eye diseases; 79% of the participants did not know the definition of glaucoma disease. Only 47.3% of the participants of this study knew the meaning of cataract disease. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) revealed that participants over 35 years of age had significantly higher odds of knowledge of eye disease [AOR: 3.629; 95%CI:1.770, 7.442] compared to the relatively younger age group of 18-34 years. A significant association was found between awareness about eye diseases and higher levels of education. Participants receiving higher education were found to have higher odds of being aware of the knowledge of eye disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results showed low awareness about common eye disease among the younger adult population. The study, therefore, consolidates the need for promoting health literacy regarding common eye diseases in Herat province of Afghanistan.
New Drugs for the Nail Fungus Prevalent in Elderly
Authors: Pat Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

FOR AT LEAST 2 decades, the ubiquitous fingernail and toenail fungal disease onychomycosis has frustrated and discouraged physicians and patients because of a lack of effective treatment.  During this same period, fungal nail disease has been on the rise, particularly among older Americans. A new study from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, has found that prevalence rates have increased threefold to fourfold compared with rates found by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) about 20 years ago. The new study showed increasing prevalence with advancing age. More than 48% of patients 70 years of age and older had onychomycosis. About 32% of those from 60 to 70 years of age were afflicted.   used to spend more time talking patients out of treatment than I would discussing treatment options because there were no good options, said Boni E. Elewski, MD, who is