tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proposed physiologic functions of boron in plants pertinent to animal and human metabolism.
Authors: D G Blevins, K M Lukaszewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Boron has been recognized since 1923 as an essential micronutrient element for higher plants. Over the years, many roles for boron in plants have been proposed, including functions in sugar transport, cell wall synthesis and lignification, cell wall structure, carbohydrate metabolism, RNA metabolism, respiration, indole acetic acid metabolism, phenol metabolism and membrane transport. However, the mechanism of boron involvement in each case remains unclear. Recent work has focused on two major plant-cell components: cell walls and membranes. In both, boron could play a structural role by bridging hydroxyl groups. In membranes, it could also be involved in ion transport and redox reactions by stimulating enzymes like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced (NADH) oxidase. There is a very narrow window between the levels of boron required by and toxic to plants. The mechanisms of boron toxicity are also unknown. In nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants, foliarly applied boron causes up to a 1000% increase in the concentration of allantoic acid in leaves. In vitro studies show that boron inhibits the manganese-dependent allantoate amidohydrolase, and foliar application of manganese prior to application of boron eliminates allantoic acid accumulation in leaves. Interaction between borate and divalent cations like manganese may alter metabolic pathways, which could explain why higher concentrations of boron can be toxic to plants.
Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. Lysis of natural killer-resistant fresh solid tumor cells by interleukin 2-activated autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Authors: E A Grimm, A Mazumder, H Z Zhang, S A Rosenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Activation in lectin-free interleukin 2 (IL-2) containing supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) from cancer patients or normal individuals resulted in expression of cytotoxicity toward 20 of 21 natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh solid tumor cells tested. Fresh solid tumor cells were resistant to NK-mediated lysis in 10 autologous patients' PBL-tumor interactions, and from 17 normal individuals tested against 13 allogeneic fresh tumors. Culture of PBL in IL-2 for 2-3 d was required for the lymphokine activated killers (LAK) to be expressed, and lytic activity toward a variety of NK-resistant fresh and cultured tumor targets developed in parallel. Autologous IL-2 was functional in LAK activation, as well as interferon-depleted IL-2 preparations. Irradiation of responder PBL before culture in IL-2 prevented LAK development. Precursors of LAK were present in PBL depleted of adherent cells and in NK-void thoracic duct lymphocytes, suggesting that the precursor is neither a monocyte nor an NK cell. LAK effectors expressed the serologically defined T cell markers of OKT.3, Leu-1, and 4F2, but did not express the monocyte/NK marker OKM-1. Lysis of autologous fresh solid tumors by LAK from cancer patients' PBL was demonstrated in 85% of the patient-fresh tumor combinations. Our data present evidence that the LAK system is a phenomenon distinct from either NK or CTL systems that probably accounts for a large number of reported nonclassical cytotoxicities. The biological role of LAK cells is not yet known, although it is suggested that these cells may be functional in immune surveillance against human solid tumors.
Letter: Prognostic indications in cancer.
Authors: A R Turnbull, C E Connolly, B M Jones
Journal: BMJ (1975)

tumour, and this was significantly different (X2 with Yates's correction = 11-18, P<0001) from histopathologically reactive pa,tients.Though it is too soon to assess our results in terms of patients' survival, we would like to suggest that histopa,thological analysis of tumour and lymph nodes might provide an alternative when skin testing is not feasible.-We are, etc.,
Rev-erb-α modulates skeletal muscle oxidative capacity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy
Authors: Estelle Woldt, Yasmine Sebti, Laura A Solt, Christian Duhem, Steve Lancel, Jérôme Eeckhoute, Matthijs K C Hesselink, Charlotte Paquet, Stéphane Delhaye, Youseung Shin, Theodore M Kamenecka, Gert Schaart, Philippe Lefebvre, Rémi Nevière, Thomas P Burris, Patrick Schrauwen, Bart Staels, Hélène Duez
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Multiple apical plasma membrane constituents are associated with susceptibility to meconium ileus in individuals with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lei Sun, Johanna M Rommens, Harriet Corvol, Weili Li, Xin Li, Theodore A Chiang, Fan Lin, Ruslan Dorfman, Pierre-François Busson, Rashmi V Parekh, Diana Zelenika, Scott M Blackman, Mary Corey, Vishal K Doshi, Lindsay Henderson, Kathleen M Naughton, Wanda K O'Neal, Rhonda G Pace, Jaclyn R Stonebraker, Sally D Wood, Fred A Wright, Julian Zielenski, Annick Clement, Mitchell L Drumm, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Garry R Cutting, Michael R Knowles, Peter R Durie, Lisa J Strug
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
A CASE OF ADULT URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA
Authors: WALLACE BEATTY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1921)

Journal Article A CASE OF ADULT URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA Get access WALLACE BEATTY, M.D. WALLACE BEATTY, M.D. Physician to the Adelaide Hospital, Hon. Professor of Dermatology, Trinity College, Dublin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 33, Issue 4, 1 April 1921, Pages 151–153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1921.tb12400.x Published: 01 April 1921
Brain Studies May Alter Long-Held Concepts About Likely Causes of Some Voice Disorders
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

TWO VOICE DISORDERS long considered to be psychological problems, stuttering and spasmodic dysphonia, have been shown in many persons to have a neurophysiological basis. Investigators at the 155th national meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in San Francisco, described their findings, which are based on new analytic techniques. The research is being done at the Dallas Center for Vocal Motor Control, Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas Health Science Center. Stuttering affects approximately 1 in 100 persons in the United States, and spasmodic dysphonia, in which spasms of the larynx choke off words as they are uttered, is thought to affect about a tenth as many. The technology employed to learn what's wrong with the brains, rather than the psyches, of persons with certain speech disorders includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM), and single photon emission computerized tomography
The Diagnostic Doubts of Dr. Cabot
Authors: Alfred C. Croftan
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The personal note that vibrates through Dr. Russ' letter (The Journal, Feb, 1, 1913, p. 386), I can afford to ignore. I owe it to Dr. Cabot, however, in defense of whose honesty Russ breaks a Quixotic lance, to emphasize that neither by word nor by inference did I question the truth of his statements of fact or the honesty of his convictions. So Dr. Russ is fighting windmills. I merely contended, and still contend, that Cabot's facts form an inadequate basis for his conclusions, and that his deductions are misleading and dangerous. Just think of it; Russ knows of only two really, truly, honestly honest American medical men, and one of them has left the country. History repeats itself. Diogenes, I believe, was in the same fix. As to the word-play "centipede-biped" (and the whole Russ letter is, of course, intended to illuminate my failure to
Living Unlabeled — Diagnosis and Disorder
Authors: Lisa Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

I'm at the end of my second year of residency, and for 2 years I have had a pain in my left hip. I've convinced myself that this pain is an overuse injury from running, but running is my antidote to any life stress; residency has made this outlet even more crucial. Though the pain has not interfered with my ability to work, sitting on airplanes is unbearable, sitting at restaurants is tolerable only if I keep half my bottom off the chair, and my running pace has deteriorated to a crawl. It's remarkable how long a resident can go . . .
Anti-desmoglein-1 antibodies are prevalent in Tunisian patients with hydatidosis and leishmaniasis
Authors: M. Kallel Sellami, M. Zitouni, W. Tombari, M. Ben Ayed, O. Abida, L. Laadhar, M. Mokni, B. Fezza, H. Turki, I. Mokhtar, A. Ben Osman, R. Kamoun Mohamed, P. Joly, F. Tron, D. Gilbert, H. Masmoudi, S. Makni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease mediated by pathogenic antibodies directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3.1, 2 In Tunisia, pemphigus has particular epidemiological features. It occurs as an endemic form with an incidence rate of 6·7 cases per million per year. Case series suggest that pemphigus, especially the foliaceus form (PF), is frequent among young Tunisian women with an incidence rate reaching 20 cases per million in rural areas. This could be related to a risk factor more prevalent and/or more often expressed in these areas.3, 4 We have reported previously that anti‐Dsg1 antibodies were prevalent in Tunisian healthy subjects, which argues for the role of a still unknown environmental factor in the occurrence of Tunisian endemic pemphigus.5 An epidemiological case–control study demonstrated that several environmental factors were significantly associated to Tunisian endemic pemphigus such as traditional cosmetics, Turkish baths and cutting up raw poultry.6 However, infectious factors have not been yet investigated.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PERMEABILITY FACTORS FROM RABBIT NEUTROPHILS
Authors: N. S. Ranadive, C. G. Cochrane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Four basic proteins that increase vascular permeability have been isolated in purified form from rabbit neutrophilic granules. These proteins are termed band 1, 2, 3, and 4 protein according to their electrophoretic migration in acrylamide gel. Molecular weights of band 1 and 2 protein derived from amino acid composition were 4800 and 5300, respectively. These values are in good agreement with those obtained for these proteins by gel diffusion techniques. The molecular weight of band 3 protein was also in the range of 5000 by the latter technique. The molecular weight of band 4 protein determined by ultracentrifugal analysis and amino acid composition was 12,000. Although all four proteins had the capacity to induce immediate increase in vascular permeability, only band 2 protein was found to release histamine from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that the permeability-inducing activity of band 2 protein can be inhibited by pretreating rabbits with antihistamine. Band 2 protein did not release histamine from rabbit platelets and depletion of rabbit platelets from the circulation had no influence on the permeability-inducing activity of this protein. Band 1, 3, and 4 proteins did not release histamine from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells and their capacity to increase vascular permeability remained unaffected by treatment of rabbits with antihistamine. These investigations suggest that the histamine-releasing activity of band 2 protein is a specific phenomenon and is associated with particular amino acid grouping or spacial configuration of the molecules. By the same token, the increase in vascular permeability induced by the nonhistamine-releasing band 1, 3, and 4 proteins represents a specific phenomenon (or phenomena) not particularly related to the over-all charge of these molecules.
Integrated Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Somatoform and Other Psychophysiological Disorders
Authors: E. Moss, R. Garb
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

In this article, we have described a subgroup of patients referred from a general medical setting and suffering from a cluster of similar physical and emotional symptoms, while presenting similar psychodynamics and personality traits. In contrast to a certain scepticism in the psychiatric community about the usefulness of psychotherapy with these people, our experience suggests that when a number of diverse psychotherapeutic techniques are drawn upon in an integrated fashion, psychotherapy can be an effective clinical tool. The coping-rest model, with its combination of physiological, behavioural and dynamic approaches, has been particularly helpful. We present 3 representative cases, which reflect the overall clinical and personality features of the subgroup and the integrated psychotherapeutic approach that was utilized.
Familial Incomplete Male Pseudohermaphroditism Associated with Impaired Nuclear Androgen Retention. STUDIES IN CULTURED SKIN FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Charles Eil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The androgen resistance syndromes are generally felt to be due to quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of the androgen receptor. Some patients with testicular feminization have no demonstrable fibroblast cytosol androgen binding, whereas others have androgen binding in cultured fibrobalsts that is thermolabile or fails to be stabilized by sodium molybdate. I describe here familial incomplete testicular feminization associated with reduced nuclear androgen retention. Fibroblasts, cultured from pubic skin biopsies of two phenotypic female 46XY siblings, were assayed for whole cell and nuclear uptake of [3H]dihydrotestosterone in dispersed, intact cells. Whole cell binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone at 22°C in the patients' fibroblasts was in the normal range. However, no high affinity, saturable binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone was demonstrable in crude nuclear pellets prepared from the patients' fibroblasts incubated at 37°C with the hormone. Incubating the patients' cells with [3H]methyltrienolone or examining the nuclear uptake of [3H]dihydrotestosterone in these cells at 22°C did not alter these findings. Although cytosol from the patients' cells revealed a quantitatively diminished 8S peak for [3H]dihydrotestosterone after centrifugation on sodium molybdate-containing sucrose gradients, there was no peak of 3H in the 4S region from 0.3 M KCl nuclear extracts of the patients' cells after they had been incubated with [3H]dihydrotestosterone at 37°C.
Internalization of type 1 complement receptors and de novo multivesicular body formation during chemoattractant-induced endocytosis in human neutrophils.
Authors: M Berger, E Wetzler, J T August, A M Tartakoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Upon activation of human neutrophils by chemoattractants, functionally important proteins are rapidly transported from intracellular granules and storage vesicles to the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by a marked increase in the rate of endocytosis and by ligand-independent internalization of type 1 complement receptors (CR1). To define the pathway of endocytosis, we used gold-conjugated BSA in a pulse-chase protocol. This tracer was initially internalized into small endocytic vesicles which rapidly traversed the cytoplasm and coalesced to form large, conspicuous multivesicular bodies. Within 5 min after addition of the chemoattractant, multivesicular bodies contained > 60% of the cell-associated BSA-gold. CR1 colocalized with the endocytic tracer in both the early endosomes and multivesicular bodies. In unstimulated cells, there was much less uptake of BSA-gold and multivesicular bodies were rarely seen. Using the acidotropic amine, DAMP, and anti-DNP antibodies, we found that the multivesicular bodies were acidified but the early endosomes did not concentrate DAMP. Neither the early endosomes nor the multivesicular bodies initially contained the lysosomal membrane antigens hLAMP 1 or 2, but hLAMP-positive structures subsequently joined the multivesicular bodies. The rapid activation of the endocytic pathway upon stimulation of neutrophils allowed us to visualize the de novo formation and maturation of multivesicular bodies. Our observations suggest that vesicles containing ion pumps and acid hydrolases fuse with multivesicular bodies, giving them characteristics of lysosomes, and that these are the probable sites of degradation of CR1. The observations do not support models which would require transport of CR1 from multivesicular bodies to defined, pre-existing lysosomes for degradation.
Legal changes are crucial to fight HIV, says new report
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Structural changes in law and public policy around the world could almost halve the incidence of HIV, lowering it from 2.1 million to 1.2 million new infections a year, says a new report.1

“Punitive laws and human rights abuses are costing lives, wasting money, and stifling the global AIDS response,” said the Global Commission on HIV and the Law in its report, released on Monday 9 July. The commission is an independent body created by the United Nations’ joint programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) and the UN Development Programme.

The report calls for an end to laws that criminalise the transmission of HIV, which currently …
Levodopa, Pyridoxine, and The Burning Feet Syndrome
Authors: Richard L. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The importance of pyridoxine in the therapy of parkinson's disease with levodopa has been noted by several investigators. 1-3 Pyridoxine appears to interfere with the action of levodopa, both in antagonizing the desired effects and reducing the dyskinetic side effects. The converse has also been postulated; that levodopa may induce pyridoxine deficiency. This would be of importance from the viewpoint of clinical features and because pyridoxine is necessary for the activity of the enzyme which mediates the transformation of dopa to dopamine. 2 We have recently treated a patient with Parkinson's disease in whom levodopa-induced pyridoxine deficiency may have been produced.  Report of a Case.—  A 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of progressive disability characterized by marked bradykinesia, moderate rigidity, and mild tremor. He was unable to rise from a supine position, dress himself, or ambulate. A regimen of levodopa was initiated at 300
Abstract S1-8: Prolactin-humanized mice: an improved animal recipient for therapy response-testing of patient-derived breast cancer xenotransplants
Authors: H Rui, FE Utama, AF Yanac, G Xia, AR Peck, C Liu, AL Rosenberg, K-U Wagner, N Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Eighty percent of newly diagnosed breast cancer represents estrogen receptor(ER)-positive luminal subtypes. Many patients with luminal breast cancer develop antiestrogen resistant disease. It has historically been particularly difficult to establish ER-positive breast cancer lines from primary breast cancer in the laboratory or in mice. Murine and bovine prolactins, the major lactogens in current laboratory experimental in vivo and in vitro conditions, fail to activate human prolactin receptors because of species incompatibility. In fact, murine prolactin is a potent antagonist for human prolactin receptors. Because ER-positive, luminal breast cancers also express prolactin receptors, we hypothesized that lack of human lactogenic activity under experimental conditions selected against establishment of ER-positive breast cancer in the laboratory. We therefore genetically engineered mice to express physiological levels of human prolactin in place of mouse prolactin and backcrossed the mice for ten generations into the immunodeficient NSG strain. The resulting hPRL.NSG mice have a greatly improved take rate for ER positive, luminal type of breast cancer, suggesting key tumor-promoting roles for prolactin in luminal breast cancer. A panel of novel transplantable human breast cancer lines has been established in hPrl.NSG mice, the majority of which are ER-positive. The transplantable lines maintain key histopathological characteristics and expression of major marker proteins of the primary patient tumors. Intriguingly, initial tumor establishment and growth rates of breast cancer xenografts were consistently greater in the hPrl.NSG mice than in wildtype NSG mice. Furthermore, tumors grown in hPrl.NSG were more responsive to tamoxifen than size-matched tumors grown in wildtype NSG mice. At least two new tumor lines examined so far develop spontaneous distant metastases in hPrl.NSG mice, with evidence of prolactin-dependent progression of ER-positive disease. Collectively, these observations validate the hPrl.NSG mice as an improved recipient for preclinical modeling of human breast cancer in vivo, both for therapeutic targeting of prolactin-pathways and other growth and survival pathways, as well as overcoming anti-estrogen resistance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S1-8.
Massive septic thrombus formation on a superior vena cava indwelling catheter following Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata fungemia
Authors: Monica T. Gressianu, Vivek N. Dhruva, Rohit R. Arora, Sanjeev Patel, Santos Lopez, Ayad K. Jihayel, Muhamed Saric
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Ultraviolet A1-induced downregulation of human <i>β</i> -defensins and interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 correlates with clinical improvement in localized scleroderma
Authors: A. Kreuter, J. Hyun, M. Skrygan, A. Sommer, A. Bastian, P. Altmeyer, T. Gambichler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In previous studies, distinct immunological abnormalities have been reported in localized scleroderma (LS). Several pro-inflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated at increased levels in sera of patients with LS in parallel with disease activity. Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are peptides with antimicrobial activity, but have been also shown to be implicated in tissue injury, scarring and wound healing. hBD expression in LS, a condition resembling pathological scarring due to excessive stimulation of matrix synthesis and fibroblast activation, has so far not been investigated. Ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy, the most recent advance in the treatment of LS, targets T-cell dermal inflammatory infiltrates via induction of various cytokines and soluble factors besides well-known effects on collagen metabolism.We sought to investigate the effects of UVA1 on the expression and modulation of hBDs and several pro-inflammatory cytokines in LS.UVA1 phototherapy was performed five times weekly for 8 weeks resulting in a total of 40 treatment sessions (single dose 20 J cm2, cumulative dose 800 J cm2). hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-3 mRNA as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lesional and unaffected skin of patients with LS.Skin status markedly improved in all 14 patients, resulting in a significant reduction of the clinical score from baseline to the end of treatment. hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-3 mRNA levels were higher in lesional skin compared with unaffected skin and skin from healthy volunteers. Following UVA1 phototherapy, hBD-1 mRNA decreased in lesional, but not in unaffected skin. hBD-3 mRNA levels significantly decreased after UVA1 in lesional skin, whereas an increase of hBD-3 was observed in unaffected skin. IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in lesional skin and significantly decreased after UVA1 irradiation, whereas mRNA for both cytokines remained unchanged in irradiated unaffected skin. The decrease of hBD-1, hBD-3, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA paralleled the extent of disease and response to UVA1 phototherapy.hBDs and IL-6 and IL-8, cytokines with pivotal importance in sclerotic skin diseases, are downregulated by UVA1 in the lesional skin of patients with LS. Their pathogenetic relevance with respect to clinical improvement needs further investigation.