tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy for chronic heart failure and conduction delay
Authors: R. M Cubbon, K. K A Witte
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Chronic heart failure is common, affecting about 900 000 people in the United Kingdom and with a prevalence of about 6-10% in people aged over 65 years1; despite modern drug treatment, it carries a high morbidity and a 10% annual mortality. About a third of patients with chronic heart failure have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%,2 up to 40% of whom are at risk of worse outcomes and more severe heart failure identified by conduction delay (QRS duration on a surface electrocardiogram of >120 ms).3 

A recent addition to therapeutic algorithms for chronic heart failure is cardiac resynchronisation therapy (also known as biventricular pacing). Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is a well proved treatment for patients with heart failure who have left ventricular systolic dysfunction and conduction delay, and it can reduce symptoms and admission to hospital and improve quality of life and prognosis. Clear mortality benefits have moved it from a treatment for intractable symptoms to one that, alongside β blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists, is now a routine therapy for patients …
324. Development of Bioluminescence Tomography for Three-Dimensional Real Time Imaging of Gene Expression
Authors: Nathalie Y. Toussaint, Lu Yin, Aaron Hirko, Qiang Wang, Qizhi Zhang, Huabei Jiang, Sean Sullivan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Introduction. Non-invasive monitoring of gene expression in living animals is an active area of molecular imaging and has proven useful to identify real time gene transfer. Improvements in optical imaging techniques have lead to the mounting luciferase reporter systems. Standard 2D bioluminescence limits the interpretation of gene expression in vivo. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), the 3D extension of bioluminescence imaging, offers a new tomographic method for molecular imaging. BLT captures the spatial distribution of luciferase light signal in three dimensions, which provides a powerful tool for studies such as cancer imaging, cell trafficking and protein function. Methods. 22-gram, male BALB-C mice were used for in vivo experiments. Mice tail veins were injected with 1 ml and 2 ml of 10ug/ml luciferase DNA expression plasmid in PBS. Twenty-four hours after injections, animals were anesthetized and administered D-luciferin at 140mg/kg i.p.. Bioluminescence images were acquired 5 min after D-luciferin administration. The mice were immersed in an imaging chamber filled with 0.5% intralipid as a coupling medium. The stage was rotated 3X at 90° and the emitted bioluminescence was collected for 3 minutes using a cooled CCD camera. Results. Figs. 1a and 1b (20ug and 10ug dose respectfully) show the imaging chamber containing the mouse under measurement in the absence and presence of intralipid solution. Fig. 1c shows the bioluminescence from a single 90o data point. Figs. 2b and d (20ug and 10ug dose respectfully) were obtained from a single cross section of the mouse at the z-axis=20mm. Figs. 2a and c (20ug and 10ug dose respectfully) are reconstructed 3D images at multiple planes showing the complete bioluminescence distribution. Conclusion. The purpose of these studies were to validate the algorithm for converting bioluminescence into a three dimensional images and the instrumentation used to obtain the images, hence the justification for the two DNA doses. The results provide more detail with regard to real time gene expression in that the lower plasmid DNA dose appears in the lower lobe of the liver whereas the higher DNA dose yields more expression in the upper lobes of the liver. We are investigating the use of this technology for imaging brain tumors using RG2 cells permanently transformed to constituitively express luciferase. The anticipation is that this can be used to assay for in vivo gene transfer to brain tumors. View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
T lymphocyte lines from arthritic synovial fluid: establishment and function.
Authors: C J Bishop, R A Hazelton, D J Moss, J M Ryan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

T lymphocyte lines have been established, with the addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2), from the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with arthritis. Characterisation of seven of these SF-derived T cell lines showed them to be T3+, T11+, and to contain a significant proportion of T8+ cells (mean 41%). The proportion of T4+ cells varied among the lines, with a mean T4+/T8+ ratio of 0.6. A significant autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was observed only in one of four T cell lines assayed. Two of four lines assayed showed natural killer (NK) cell-like activity, while one line displayed a significant suppressor activity, suggesting that the T cell population in SF contained NK-like cells or suppressor cells, or both, either of which may be selected in the establishment of SF-derived T cell lines.
Differential endocytosis of CD4 in lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic cells.
Authors: A Pelchen-Matthews, J E Armes, G Griffiths, M Marsh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The endocytosis of the T cell differentiation antigen CD4 has been investigated in CD4-transfected HeLa cells, the promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and in a number of leukemia- or lymphoma-derived T cell lines. CD4 internalization was followed using radioiodinated antibodies in an acid-elution endocytosis assay, or by covalently modifying cell surface proteins with biotin and analyzing CD4 distributions by immunoprecipitation; both approaches gave equivalent results. The assays demonstrated that in transfected HeLa cells and in HL-60 cells CD4 was constitutively internalized and recycled in the absence of ligand. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopy demonstrated that CD4 enters cells through coated pits. In contrast to the nonlymphocytic cells, T cell lines showed very little endocytosis of CD4. Measurements of fluid phase endocytosis and morphometric analysis of the endosome compartment indicated that the endocytic capacities of HeLa and lymphoid cells are equivalent and suggested that the low level of CD4 uptake in lymphocytic cells is due to exclusion of CD4 from coated pits. This conclusion was supported by experiments using truncated CD4 molecules, lacking the bulk of the cytoplasmic domain, which were internalized equally efficiently in both transfected lymphocytes and HeLa cells. Together, these results indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 mediates the different interactions with the endocytic apparatus in lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. We suggest that the CD4-associated lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck may be involved in preventing CD4 endocytosis in T cells.
Abstract 1454: Telomerase-specific adenoviral labeling and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Yasuo Urata, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We previously constructed telomerase-specific replication-selective adenoviruses OBP-301 (Telomelysin) and OBP-401 which contains the GFP gene (Telomelysin-GFP, TelomeScan). The replication of these adenoviruses is regulated by a human telomerase transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and allows specific targeting and labeling of tumor cells in vivo (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1-6, 14514-14517, 2009 and Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 8, 3001-3008, 2009). The aim of this study was to validate systemic injection of these telomerase-specific replicating adenoviruses for in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) GFP labeling and tumor-cell killing. We assessed the antitumor efficacy and the tumor labeling ability of the adenoviruses in an orthotopic mouse model using the Hep3B-GFP human HCC cell line. Biweekly i.v. treatment of OBP-301 caused a significant inhibition in liver tumor growth and showed a reduction in the number of liver tumor nodules compared to controls. To assess the GFP tumor labeling ability of OBP-401 for HCC, an orthotopic liver tumor model of unlabeled Hep3B was used. After i.v. injection of OBP-401, the liver tumors were labeled with GFP and visualized by fluorescence imaging. These results suggest that the two viruses, OBP-301 and OBP-401, when administrated systemically, are novel anticancer agents and labeling tools for HCC, respectively, with potential for human use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1454.
SMALL SPINDLE CELL SARCOMA OF THE KIDNEY IN THE ADULT
Authors: E. A. Watson
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The rarity of spindle cell sarcoma of the kidney in the adult is indicated by the fact that Otto Lubarsch in 94,498 autopsies found twenty sarcomas of the kidney, only four of which were classified as spindle cell sarcoma. In the same series he encountered 201 carcinomas. At the pathologic institute of the University of Berlin from 1898 to 1922 there were found thirteen sarcomas in 30,820 autopsies. The rarity of the condition prompted Kretschmer and Randolph1in 1928 to record a single case encountered at the Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago. Hyman2observed only two sarcomas in ninety-nine renal neoplasms.  REPORT OF CASE  P. J. C., a white man, aged 45, the manager of a lumber company in a small town in Nebraska, presented himself for examination, Nov. 14, 1933, with the following history: His mother died at the age of 60, of an unknown cause. The father
Cellular, Molecular, and Clinical Aspects of Allergic Disorders
Authors: Carlos R. Abramowsky
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The stated purpose of this book, "to provide a background for understanding allergic disease of man...," is admirably accomplished in the 628 pages and 18 chapters of this sixth volume in the series<i>Comprehensive Immunology</i>. True to current trends, the book is a multi-authored ensemble of who's who in basic and clinical immunology, in which the editors have managed to put together a wellintegrated group of topics, with emphasis on molecular and pathogenic aspects of allergic disease. Outstanding are the chapters on the basic elements of allergic reactions, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. In them the reader is taken through a clear exposition of the morphological and known functional features of the various cell types. When necessary, experimental literature is cited to explain a point; however, whenever possible, evidence pertinent to human studies is given. The chapter on lymphocytes is highly comprehensive with an indepth discussion of surface markers,
Cure for Constipation
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor.  —The book review Be Young with  ( JAMA  182: 1138 [Dec 15] 1962) presents a concise account of what presumably are some of the major points of interest in this fascinating subject. I was, however, disappointed that no mention was made of a Yoga procedure which, if confirmed, could represent a major breakthrough in gastrointestinal therapeutics today. I refer to nothing less than a cure for constipation, which in some ways is a counterpart of tubeless gastric analysis, viz., a tubeless enema. It seems that an enema is a simple matter for a Yogi, for all he has to do is sit in a bowl of water and draw it up by reversing peristalsis. This observation was reported in a letter to the editor ( Brit Med J  1: 1460,1961).  I presume this would be considered a third stage (asana-practice of postures) or asanine maneuver.
The Costs of Doctoring, the Distribution of Physicians, and Caring for the Underinsured-Reply
Authors: Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We share Dr Wallach's concern about underserved communities. While the growth of overall physician supply may have contributed to improved distribution of physicians in suburban areas and some small towns, there remain serious shortages of physicians in many inner-city and rural areas.<sup>1</sup> Increasing the overall concentration of physicians with the hope that passive diffusion will lead physicians to practice in areas of undersupply appears to be neither an efficient nor an adequate policy to rectify the problem of physician maldistribution. The recent recommendations of Politzer et al,<sup>1</sup>including strengthening the National Health Service Corps, providing greater financial incentives to practice in underserved areas, and emphasizing community-oriented primary care training, represent a more focused and reasonable strategy for redistributing the existing supply of physicians and physicians-in-training to underserved areas. Dr Albright proposes that the solution to health care cost inflation and the burgeoning supply of physicians is to
Consumption of coffee during pregnancy: Authors' reply
Authors: K. Wisborg
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—In a prospective study we found that coffee drinking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, but not with death in infancy.1 Our results on stillbirth seemed to indicate a threshold effect around four to seven cups per day, but the risk estimate in women with the highest intake of coffee was based on only 11 stillbirths and we therefore had no possibility to explore further the relation between …
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Presence of Cardiac Metastases
Authors: John D. Nguyen, Jorge A. Carrasquillo, Richard F. Little, Qin C. Ryan, Wyndham Wilson, Clara C. Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Physiological fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake can obscure underlying disease or can even falsely suggest disease in patients undergoing whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for disease staging. Myocardial uptake in particular can present a problem because of its variability in fasting patients. Nonetheless, we present 2 cases in which FDG PET imaging was effective in identifying metastatic disease to the heart. In 1 case, an FDG PET scan revealed previously unsuspected myocardial metastases. In another case, FDG PET was useful in characterizing an intraatrial mass seen on anatomic imaging as a metabolically active lesion.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest — The Solution Is Shocking
Authors: David J. Callans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Sudden cardiac arrest claims 350,000 to 450,000 lives per year in the United States alone and is responsible for more than half of all deaths that are due to cardiovascular disease. Our ability to recognize patients who are at high risk for cardiac arrest has improved, but 90 percent of cases of sudden death from cardiac causes occur in patients without identified risk factors. Although the majority of cases of sudden death from cardiac causes involve patients with preexisting coronary heart disease, cardiac arrest is the first manifestation of this underlying problem in 50 percent of patients. The sudden death . . .
Perforation of small bowel due to slow release potassium chloride (slow-K).
Authors: M A Farquharson-Roberts, A E Giddings, A J Nunn
Journal: BMJ (1975)

hours.No bronchospasm occurred.Skin tests' showed a definite reaction to CT 1341 and propanidid (1/10 with saline) but not to saline alone.Case 4.-A healthy 15-year-old girl had a fractured tibia manipulated under general anaesthesia using propanidid 500 mg intravenously and main- tained on nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane.Thirteen days later the procedure was repeated, but CT 1341 5 ml was used for induction, after
Detection of hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid in the serum by amplification with polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: N Kato, O Yokosuka, M Omata, K Hosoda, M Ohto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was detected in the sera of patients with non-A, non-B chronic liver disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted from the serum, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and amplified by PCR. With this method, 30 patients with non-A, non-B chronic liver disease and 10 healthy subjects were tested. HCV RNA was detected in 13 of 16 (81%) anti-HCV-positive patients and also in 7 of 14 (50%) anti-HCV-negative patients, but in none of 10 anti-HCV-negative healthy subjects. Specificity of this method was confirmed by direct sequencing of amplified cDNA segment. The nucleotide sequences (37 nucleotides) obtained from 15 patients showed only 68-78% homology compared with the prototype HCV nucleotide sequence. In addition, of 15 nucleotide sequences, there were 12 different types. But the translated amino acid sequences (12 amino acids) showed 83-100% homology compared with the prototype HCV amino acid sequence. These data suggest the majority of anti-HCV-positive patients are carriers of HCV. But to detect all the viremic patients, the anti-HCV antibody testing may be insufficient. Direct detection of HCV RNA may be useful in the study of virus replication and its association with various liver diseases.
Postural corrections after standardised perturbations of single limb stance: effect of training and orthotic devices in patients with ankle instability.
Authors: A Pintsaar, J Brynhildsen, H Tropp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

OBJECTIVE: Soccer players with functional instability of the ankle joint have shown impairment of postural control in single limb stance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of stance perturbation. METHODS: A standardised method for the study of postural corrections after perturbation (Equitest) was used. Female soccer players with and without functional instability were examined. RESULTS: The subjects showed a relative change from ankle to hip synergy at medially directed translations of the support surface. This impairment was restored after eight weeks of ankle disk training. The effect of a shoe and brace did not exceed the effect of the shoe alone. CONCLUSIONS: Functional instability seems to be related to impaired ability to retain equilibrium in single limb stance by means of ankle corrections. A positive effect of ankle disk training leading to functional restoration was confirmed.
Involvement of Rho-Kinase–Mediated Phosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain in Enhancement of Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Motohiko Sato, Eiichi Tani, Hirokazu Fujikawa, Kozo Kaibuchi
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often induces a long-term narrowing of the cerebral artery called cerebral vasospasm. Myosin light chain (MLC) in the spastic basilar artery was reported previously to be phosphorylated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent MLC kinase. Because Rho-kinase, which is activated by the small GTPase Rho, phosphorylates not only MLC but also myosin phosphatase at its myosin-binding subunit (MBS), thus inactivating myosin phosphatase, we examined whether Rho-kinase is involved in the development of vasospasm. Cerebral vasospasm was produced in the canine basilar artery by a 2-hemorrhage method, and vasocontractions were induced by topical application of 80 mmol/L KCl or 0.5 μmol/L serotonin to the canine basilar artery exposed transclivally. The phosphorylation of MLC in the basilar artery was increased concurrently with an enhancement in the intensity of vasospasm with the passage of time after SAH. In addition, Rho-kinase in the basilar artery was activated concurrently with an increase in the phosphorylation of MBS at Ser854 in vasospasm. The Rho-kinase activation levels in vasospasm on days 0 and 2 were comparable to those in KCl- and serotonin-induced sustained vasocontraction, respectively, and those in vasospasm on day 7 were markedly high. The topical application of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, to the exposed spastic basilar artery on day 7 induced a dose-dependent dilation, and the intensities of vasospasm and the phosphorylation of MBS and MLC were simultaneously decreased by 10 μmol/L Y-27632, although the decrease in MBS phosphorylation was more marked than the decrease in MLC phosphorylation. These results indicate that the activation of Rho-kinase and the phosphorylation of MLC and MBS occur concomitantly during vasospasm induced by SAH and suggest that Rho-kinase is involved in the enhancement of cerebral vasospasm in addition to Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent MLC kinase by increasing the phosphorylation of MLC directly or indirectly as a result of the inhibition of myosin phosphatase by its phosphorylation.
A Prospective Phase II Trial of Induction Chemotherapy with Docetaxel/Cisplatin for Masaoka Stage III/IV thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Silvia Park, Myung-ju Ahn, Jin Seok Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun, Young Mog Shim, Jhingook Kim, Yong Soo Choi, Kwhanmien Kim, Sumin Shin, Yongchan Ahn, O Jung Kwon, Hojoong Kim, Su Jin Lee, Won Jin Chang, Keunchil Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Long-Term (29 Years) Results of Reconstructive Surgery in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Authors: Sylvain Chauvaud, Jean-François Fuzellier, Alain Berrebi, Alain Deloche, Jean-Noël Fabiani, Alain Carpentier
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Results of conservative surgery are well established in degenerative mitral valve (MV) insufficiency. However, there are controversies in rheumatic disease. This study is the evaluation of one center for rheumatic MV insufficiency based on a functional approach.From 1970 to 1994, 951 patients with rheumatic MV insufficiency were operated on with the reconstructive techniques elaborated by Alain Carpentier. Aortic valve diseases were excluded. Mean age was 25.8 years (4 to 75), and sinus rhythm was present in 63%. The functional classification used was type I, normal leaflet motion, 71 patients (7%); type II, prolapsed leaflet, 311 patients (33%); and type III, restricted leaflet motion, 345 patients (36%). The combined lesion of prolapse of the anterior leaflet and restriction of the posterior was present in 224 patients (24%). Surgical techniques used were implantation of a prosthetic ring in 95%, shortening of the chords and leaflet enlargement with autologous pericardium, and commissurotomy. Hospital mortality rate was 2%. The mean follow-up was 12 years (maximum, 29 years): 8618 patients per year. Actuarial survival was 89+/-19% at 10 years and 82+/-18% at 20 years. The rate of thromboembolic events was 0.4% patients per year (33 events), with 3 deaths. Freedom from reoperation was 82+/-19% at 10 years and 55+/-25% at 20 years. The main cause (83%) of reoperation was progressive fibrosis of the MV. The actuarial rate of reoperation was 2% patients per year and was correlated to the degree of preoperative fibrosis.Conservative surgery of rheumatic MV insufficiency has a low hospital mortality rate and an acceptable rate of reoperation. The results are excellent regarding the minimal risk of thromboembolic events.
Hydrometrocolpos as a Simply Inherited Malformation
Authors: Victor A. McKusick, Robert L. Bauer, C. Everett Koop, Roger B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two Amish sibships, each with two girls with hydrometrocolpos, have been identified. Since all four parents can be traced to one ancestral couple, it is suggested that the affected girls are homozygous for a gene which was carried by one member of that couple. In other words, the pedigree is presented as evidence that at least one form of hydrometrocolpos is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive disorder.