tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Temporal Dynamics of Slightly Deleterious Mutations in Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.
Authors: K. J. Balbi, E. P.C. Rocha, E. J. Feil
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The Shigella are recently emerged clones of Escherichia coli, which have independently adopted an intracellular pathogenic lifestyle. We examined the molecular evolutionary consequences of this niche specialization by comparing the normalized, directional frequency profiles of unique polymorphisms within 2,098 orthologues representing the intersection of five E. coli and four Shigella genomes. We note a surfeit of AT-enriching changes (GC→AT), transversions, and nonsynonymous changes in the Shigella genomes. By examining these differences within a temporal framework, we conclude that our results are consistent with relaxed or inefficient selection in Shigella owing to a reduced effective population size. Alternative interpretations, and the interesting exception of Shigella sonnei, are discussed. Finally, this analysis lends support to the view that nucleotide composition typically does not lie at mutational equilibrium but that selection plays a role in maintaining a higher GC content than would result solely from mutation bias. This argument sheds light on the enrichment of adenine and thymine in the genomes of bacterial endosymbionts where purifying selection is very weak.
Description of a New Stricture-Dilator
Authors: B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1871)

THE JJRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL.345 found to weigh IIO grains, and to measure one inch and one-eighth. in the long, and half an inch in the transverse diameter.On May 22nd, he was discharged cured, never having had a bad symptom.CASE xv.-Thomas Hennessy, aged 17, bricklayer's labourer, came under care on August u2th, i868.Three weeks previously he first felt what he called a bone in his left knee-joint.It gave him great pain.He sometimes fell, and could not rise or walk until the cartilage was dislodged from its position.On August 21st, the cartilage being fixed at the inner and lowest part of the joint, it was removed from the joint, and embedded in the cellular tissue in the ordinary manner.The treatment was as usual.On September gth, he had had no bad symptom.The cartilage was excised; it was of the size and shape of a hazel-nut.On September 14th, there had been slight suppuration in the cellular tract since the removal of the cartilage; otherwise he was quite well.On the i6th, he wsas discharged cured.CASE Xvi.-Mary Hayman, aged 22, servant, was operated upon by subcutaneous incision by Mr. Whipple on December 2nd, I 868, and discharged cure I on December 22nd.There is no history of this case; but it is evident that the result was perfect, not only from the statement of her cure in the hospital admission-book, but also from the fact that she was only twenty days under treatment.CASE xvii.-
Endothelin-1 inhibition of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels via pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-proteins
Authors: M Watanuki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and activation of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are facilitated under myocardial metabolic stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ET-1 on KATP channels and to assess underlying mechanisms in ventricular myocytes. Methods: Single channel currents were measured with the voltage-clamp technique in cell-attached patches from enzymatically-isolated single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. In some experiments, the open-cell-attached mode was employed by permeating the membrane with streptolysin-O. Results: ET-1 concentration-dependently inhibited single KATP channel currents, which had been activated by metabolic poisoning, with an IC50 of 3.8 ± 0.7 pM. BQ-123, an ETA receptor-selective antagonist, reduced the effects of ET-1. ET-1 effects were largely abolished in the myocytes pre-incubated with pertussis toxin. In the open-cell-attached mode, where the intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP]) could be virtually controlled, the effects of ET-1 were abolished. Muscarinic receptor stimulation inhibited the channels in a similar manner to ET-1, whereas β-adrenoceptor stimulation accelerated channel activation. By analogy, ouabain also inhibited KATP channel activity under metabolic stress presumably because inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump spares subsarcolemmal ATP. ET-1 inhibited the KATP channels that had been reactivated in the continuous presence of ouabain. Conclusions: ET-1 reversibly inhibited KATP channels. This effect appears to be mediated by an increase in subsarcolemmal [ATP] which results from inhibition of adenylate cyclase activities through PTX-sensitive G-proteins coupled to ETA receptors.
Influenza Virus Inhibits Lysozyme Secretion by Sputum Neutrophils in Subjects with Chronic Bronchial Sepsis
Authors: GERALD PANG, ROBERT CLANCY, MA CONG, MARIA ORTEGA, REN ZHIGANG, GLEN REEVES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Neutrophils are central to the control of infection within the bronchial mucosa. To determine whether the link between bacterial and viral infection in the respiratory tract can be partly explained by acute reduction of neutrophil function, we examined the influence of influenza virus on lysozyme secretion by sputum neutrophils obtained from patients with bronchiectasis. Sputum neutrophils infected with influenza A virus had a significantly reduced capacity to secrete lysozyme but not myeloperoxidase. Influenza virus A strains were more effective in inhibiting lysozyme secretion than were influenza B virus strains. Reduction of bactericidal activity was similarly reduced by different strains of influenza A virus, but an influenza virus B strain had no effect. Our results show that downregulation of sputum neutrophil function characterized by lysozyme secretion and bactericidal activity could contribute to reduction in the capacity to control bacterial colonization in the respiratory tract following influenza virus infection. Pang G, Clancy R, Cong M, Ortega M, Zhigang R, Reeves G. Influenza virus inhibits lysozyme secretion by sputum neutrophils in subjects with chronic bronchial sepsis.
Subglottic Membrane
Authors: Benjamin Etsten, Donald Mahler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

ENDOTRACHEAL intubation is a technic commonly used during inhalation anesthesia for the maintenance of a patent airway, management of respiratory exchange and aspiration of tracheobronchial secretions. In addition, this method is frequently used for aspiration of secretions in patients with atelectasis, pulmonary edema or excess secretions associated with other pulmonary conditions. It is also a valuable measure for maintaining a patent airway in the comatose patient.Acute laryngeal complications following the skillful use of this method have been rare. Edema of the glottis is mentioned as a possible complication.1 Shaw2 reported a case of massive laryngeal edema that immediately followed . . .
Campaign for real lectures
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I recently decided that I had been on the receiving end of death by PowerPoint one too many times. I have probably also dished out my share of worthy, overly structured lists of bullet points to glazed, uninterested audiences. So I’m starting the campaign for real lectures.

Last month someone bet that I couldn’t talk for 45 minutes on the state of primary health care in the world using only slides of pictorial images. I gave my lecture last week, and we’re still arguing about who won the …
Ga-67 Uptake by the Male Breast Under Digitalis Influence
Authors: MITHILESH KUMAR, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, SLEIMAN NADDAF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

This report emphasizes that Ga-67 uptake by the male breast can be seen if the breast is exposed to a hormonal milieu of increased estrogen compared with testosterone concentrations. Gynecomastia is a rare side effect of digitalis ingestion and is attributed to its estrogen-like action. We describe a case demonstrating focal Ga-67 uptake in both breasts in a 64-year-old anemic man being treated with digitalis.
Eosinopenic Response to Cortisone and A.C.T.H. in Normal Subjects
Authors: J. H. Kellgren, O. Janus
Journal: BMJ (1951)

An inquest at Dorchester on September 12 on a 64-year- old woman who died after a wasp sting revealed a most unusual hypersensitivity.Six years ago she was unconscious for some hours after a sting, and on September 10 she was again stung by a wasp.Immediately afterwards she was reported to feel shaky, perspiring, and trembling; she tried to vomit three times, complained of not being able to see, and died in about 15 minutes.At necropsy the heart was found to be contracted and virtually empty of blood, and apart from widespread atheroma no abnormalities were discovered.The cause of death was declared to be syncope.
201. Selective Targeting of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles to Hepatocytes In Vivo
Authors: Darren H. Wakefield, So Wong, David B. Rozema, Jason J. Klein, Jon A. Wolff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A critical step for liver-directed gene therapy is the selective targeting of nucleic acids to hepatocytes. There are a variety of physical characteristics that affect a nucleic acid particle's hepatocyte-targeting ability: size, surface charge, particle stability, and targeting ligand. Using a variety of formulation methods we are able to control a particle's size, charge, and stability to maximize hepatocyte targeting. Size and stability are controlled using bifunctional crosslinking reagents to cage the nucleic acid inside a net composed of a condensing polycation. The surface charge may be reduced via acetylation, which converts cationic ammonium groups to nonbasic amide groups. Selective hepatocyte targeting is finally conferred by attachment of galactose groups, which are ligands for the asiologlycoprotein receptor.
Gynecology: The Vaginal Smear
Authors: Howard Ulfelder, Joe V. Meigs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE mammalian female genital tract is lined throughout with epithelium that grows and recedes in response to alterations in the concentration of ovarian hormone.1 In the vagina, cyclic changes are described that include variations in the activity of the basal layer, in the thickness of the epithelium and in the maturity (cornification) of the squamous cells at the surface.2 , 3 Like epithelium elsewhere, the vagina undergoes continuous desquamation. A random sample of the fluid present at a given time contains cells recently shed from various parts of the genital canal, together with leukocytes, erythrocytes, bacteria and mucus.Stockard and Papanicolaou4 made . . .
Phentolamine Prevents Adaptation to Ischemia During Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Fabrizio Tomai, Filippo Crea, Achille Gaspardone, Francesco Versaci, Anna S. Ghini, Ruggero De Paulis, Luigi Chiariello, Pier A. Gioffrè
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Experimental studies indicate that alpha-adrenergic receptors are involved in ischemic preconditioning. Their role in humans is unknown.Eighteen patients undergoing angioplasty for an isolated stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of phentolamine or placebo during the procedure. Intracoronary ECG and cardiac pain were determined at the end of the first two balloon inflations. Average peak velocity in the contralateral coronary artery during balloon occlusion, an index of collateral recruitment, was also assessed by using a Doppler guide wire. In both phentolamine- and placebo-treated patients, average peak velocity significantly increased from baseline to the end of the first inflation (P<.01), but it did not show any further increase during the second inflation. In phentolamine-treated patients, ST-segment changes and cardiac pain severity during the second inflation were similar to those observed during the first inflation (13+/-9 versus 12+/-8 mm, P=NS, and 51+/-34 versus 54+/-32 mm, P=NS, respectively), whereas in placebo-treated patients, they were significantly less (6+/-4 versus 13+/-7 mm, P<.01, and 26+/-20 versus 49+/-22 mm, P<.05, respectively).The adaptation to ischemia observed in humans after two sequential coronary balloon inflations is abolished by phentolamine and is independent of collateral recruitment. Thus, it occurs due to ischemic preconditioning and is, at least in part, mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors.
AAAS: Use Science to Boost Human Rights
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pay claim will cost NHS 30m
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Speech therapists battling for 11 years for pay parity with NHS clinical psychologists and pharmacists scored a key victory last week.

The Department of Health settled two of 18 test cases, which could pave the way for claims costing the NHS more than £30m ($48m) in back pay alone. The long running case could have massive repercussions throughout the NHS, the biggest employer in Europe, triggering claims by other “female” occupations such as midwives, occupational therapists, …
A COMPARISON OF EXERCISE AND ADENOSINE TC-99M SESTAMIBI MYOCARDIAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
Authors: Douglas Ebersole, James D. Heironimus, M. O. Toney, Jerome Billingsley, Joe M. Moody
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Drug cuts deaths from heart failure by a third
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Deaths and admissions to hospital resulting from chronic heart failure can be reduced by nearly a third by giving patients the 30 year old diuretic spironolactone, according to a new study; until now, the drug has not been thought to be useful in treating patients with heart disease.

The new study enrolled 1663 men and women in 15 countries, all diagnosed with severe type III or type IV heart failure. About half of the participants received conventional drug treatment, including …
Regulation of Mammary Epithelial Cell Growth in Mice and Rats*
Authors: WALTER IMAGAWA, GAUTAM K. BANDYOPADHYAY, SATYABRATA NANDI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

THE mammary gland is a unique feature of mammals. Its chief biological function is to synthesizeand secrete milk, which is essential for the nourishment of mammalian young. The parenchymal portion of the mammary gland is derived embryologically from ectoderm, while the surrounding stroma comes from mesoderm. Mammary gland growth takes place during both fetal and postnatal life; the gland is the site of milk production and secretion, and in several species (including humans) it is also a site of occurrence of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Thus the mammary gland is an important organ of study by biologists from various disciplines, including endocrinologists, tumor biologists, and developmental biologists. During the last 30 yr, the primary interest of our laboratory has been the understanding of the neoplastic transformation process in mammary epithelial cells. One fundamental characteristic of tumor cells vis à vis their normal counterparts is deregulation of growth. Since cell proliferation is a prerequisite for neoplastic transformation in target tissues, we have tried to understand the regulation of mammary epithelial cell growth. Toward this end we have utilized a variety of in vivo techniques, in vitro organ and explant culture systems, and also cell culture methodologies. These tools have aided in the analysis of the roles of hormones, growth factors, lipids, metabolic products, and even extracellular matrix components in the control of growth in mouse and rat mammary epithelial cells.
Live measles vaccine: a 21 year follow up.
Authors: C Miller
Journal: BMJ (1987)

21 years after receiving Schwartz strain live measles vaccine 4500 trial participants showed a continuing high level of protection compared with those who were unvaccinated. Over the last seven years of the follow up no cases of measles were reported in vaccinated participants who had had close contact with the disease. Immunity induced by the vaccine seems to survive the challenge of close contact with measles in young children, even after 21 years.
Surgery for Recurrent Colon Cancer
Authors: Richard M. Goldberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Surgery for Recurrent Colon CancerRichard M. Goldberg, MD, Thomas R. Fleming, PhD, and Catherine M. Tangen, PhDRichard M. Goldberg, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Goldberg)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Fleming and Tangen)Search for more papers by this author, Thomas R. Fleming, PhDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Goldberg)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Fleming and Tangen)Search for more papers by this author, and Catherine M. Tangen, PhDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Goldberg)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Fleming and Tangen)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Sugarbaker describes his experience treating patients with peritoneal recurrence of colon carcinoma by using aggressive surgery followed by intraperitoneal mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. He reports a 5-year survival rate of 40% for the 45 patients who could undergo complete excision of their tumors. Our study sample did not receive any specified therapy after surgical resection of tumors for peritoneal carcinomatosis or any other type of recurrence. Therefore, we can make no specific judgment about the value of such therapy on the basis of our series. However, strategies that combine treatments, such as intraperitoneal chemotherapy or intraoperative radiation ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard M. Goldberg, MD; Thomas R. Fleming, PhD; Catherine M. Tangen, PhDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Goldberg)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Fleming and Tangen) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSurgery for Recurrent Colon Cancer: Strategies for Identifying Resectable Recurrence and Success Rates after Resection Richard M. Goldberg , Thomas R. Fleming , Catherine M. Tangen , Charles G. Moertel , John S. Macdonald , Daniel G. Haller , and John A. Laurie Surgery for Recurrent Colon Cancer Paul H. Sugarbaker Surgery for Recurrent Colon Cancer Charles M. Bagley Jr. Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 239-240KeywordsCarcinomatosisChemotherapyColonColorectal cancerCurative resectionRadiation therapySurgerySurgical resection ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Spontaneous Perforation of Colon due to Alkaline Medication
Authors: R. Brearley
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Spontaneous Perforation of the Colon Due to Alkaline MedicationThe following case is reported because, although it is almost unique, it results from a very common combination of circumstances.CASE REPORT A man aged 68 was admitted to hospital complaining of severe lower abdominal pain.He had been investigated in another hospital six months previously because a duodenal ulcer was suspected, but a barium meal examina- tion did not confirm this.Subsequently he had taken an unidentified alkaline preparatioln.On the morning of March 4, 1950, he paid a routine visit to his doctor.There he collapsed with severe lower abdominal pain which led to his admission to hospital.He gave a history of increasing constipation during the previous few months with occasional bleeding at stool.Examination showed an old man with evidence of recent weight loss.There was a slight degree of shock with cold extremities and perspiration.The temperature was 96.8°F.
27 MRP3/MRP3(ABCC3/ABCC3) is up-regulated by TNF α via (cholesterol 7 α hydroxylase promoter factor (CPF) and is hepatoprotective in obstructive cholestasis
Authors: A BOHAN, W CHEN, L DENSON, M HELD, J BOYER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer of infancy and accounts for 15% of all pediatric oncology deaths. Survival rates of high-risk neuroblastoma remain less than 50%, with amplification of the MYCN oncogene the most important aberration associated with poor outcome. Direct transcriptional targets of MYCN include a number of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, of which ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC3 (MRP3), and ABCC4 (MRP4) are the best characterized. These three transporter genes have been shown to be strongly prognostic of neuroblastoma outcome in primary untreated neuroblastoma. In addition to their ability to efflux a number of chemotherapeutic drugs, evidence suggests that these transporters also contribute to neuroblastoma outcome independent of any role in cytotoxic drug efflux. Endogenous substrates of ABCC1 and ABCC4 that may be potential candidates affecting neuroblastoma biology include molecules such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These bioactive lipid mediators have the ability to influence biological processes contributing to cancer initiation and progression, such as angiogenesis, cell signaling, inflammation, proliferation, and migration and invasion. ABCC1 and ABCC4 are thus potential targets for therapeutic suppression in high-risk neuroblastoma, and recently developed small-molecule inhibitors may be an effective strategy in treating aggressive forms of this cancer, as well as other cancers that express high levels of these transporters.
Granulocytic Sarcomas Evaluated With F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET
Authors: Marina Mantzarides, Gérald Bonardel, Thierry Fagot, Eric Gontier, Marine Soret, Thierry DE Revel, Hervé Foehrenbach
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare disease corresponding to extramedullary tumor mostly associated with acute myelogenous leukemia. Despite the aggressiveness of leukemic cells, F-18-FDG PET is not recommended for leukemia but it may have relevance for these tumors with solid and malignant organization. Two patients presented with acute myelogenous leukemia and GS. Every known malignant site showed significant uptake of F-18-FDG and we described many unknown locations. For 1 patient, PET revealed an important metabolic response after treatment and a relapse after few months. GS could benefit from PET for initial staging to monitor therapy and detect recurrence.