tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diastolic Function and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence H. Young
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of symptomatic heart failure, particularly in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (1,2). Heart failure that occurs as the result of impaired myocardial relaxation and compliance has been termed diastolic heart failure (3). Diastolic heart failure develops despite normal left ventricular systolic contractile function and leads to significant morbidity, medical costs, and mortality. Typically, patients with type 2 diabetes who are symptomatic from diastolic heart failure have superimposed hypertension, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, or renal insufficiency (4). Alterations in diastolic function are also frequently observed in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes (5,6), although their contribution to the development of clinical heart failure later in life remains uncertain.

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Suys et al. (7) provide new evidence that children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have altered cardiac structure and function compared with age-matched individuals without diabetes. Subjects included in the study had no cardiac signs or symptoms or diabetes complications and were not taking medications known to modify cardiac structure or function (presumably including ACE inhibitors). The most striking findings were in the girls with type 1 diabetes, who had greater left ventricular size and reduced diastolic function compared with control subjects. The fact that they were otherwise healthy young individuals without hypertension makes these observations all the more noteworthy. The findings in boys with type 1 diabetes were somewhat less dramatic and consistent.

A number of conventional echocardiographic parameters were evaluated. Left ventricular wall thickness was 10% greater, and there was a trend toward increased left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index (corrected for BMI) in the girls (but not boys) with type 1 diabetes. The study did not address the …
Cyclosporine and prednisone therapy for pure red cell aplasia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: G. Chikkappa, D. Pasquale, M. H. Zarrabi, R. J. Weiler, M. Divakara, M. F. Tsan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract We describe the characteristics of response to treatment with cyclosporine (CYA) plus prednisone in seven episodes of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in four patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Fourteen episodes of PRCA occurred in four patients with CLL. Eleven episodes were treated with conventional therapies which included an alkylating agent and prednisone. Four episodes that failed to respond to conventional therapies and an additional three episodes were treated with CYA and prednisone. Six of the seven episodes, including three of four which had failed conventional therapies, responded to CYA plus prednisone compared with six of eleven episodes treated with conventional therapies. Response to CYA and prednisone occurred without a reduction in leukemic mass. In contrast, PRCA remission did not occur until after leukemic mass reduction in three of four patients treated successfully with conventional therapies. Time to response was shorter (14 ± 3 days) with CYA plus prednisone than with conventional therapies (154 ± 97 days) in three of four patients. These results indicate that CYA plus prednisone is an effective therapy for the induction of remission from PRCA in patients with CLL. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of reflex anal dilatation in 200 children.
Authors: A. Stanton, R. Sunderland
Journal: BMJ (1989)

0 10 30 50 70 90 110 130Predicte(d creatinirne cleatance (ml/min!WY'eek/v therapeutic dose oj' methotrexate plotted against predicted creatinine clearance (r=07O6, p<0001).Dose=]125+(0I157x predicted creatinine clearance,)resulted in minimal improvement in the association F,2o0=2 4, p>O0Ol). CommentThe dose of methotrexate needed to control severe psoriasis in patients over 50 was found to decrease with decreasing predicted creatinine clearance and increasing age.Six of the 10 subjects aged over 70 required less than the recommended dose of methotrexate.'Four patients aged over 80 were adequately treated with no more than 2 5 mg of methotrexate a week.The rate at which methotrexate clears from the serum correlates with creatinine clearance,4 and we believe that the progressive deterioration in creatinine clearance associated with the natural aging process is the most likely explanation of our findings.'Methotrexate is particularly useful in frail elderly patients with widespread psoriasis whose physical infirmities prevent the use of other treatments.Prior calculation of the therapeutic dose of methotrexate may allow doctors to treat such patients more confidently and safely.We thank Dr B J Leppard and Dr P G Goodwin for permission to investigate patients under their care and Mrs P J Perkins for technical help.
Collagen/Povidone as a New Endoscopic Treatment Option in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: A. de Hoyos, M. A. Monroy, G. Checa, P. Rodriguez
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We report here on a case of recurrent bleeding secondary to duodenal ulcer, despite previous endoscopic treatment with epinephrine and argon, which was controlled with endoscopic injection of collagen/povidone. This is a biological agent derived from gamma-irradiation of a mixture of type I pepsinated porcine collagen and povidone that has been reported to improve recovery during the healing process [1] [2].
Kidney Transplantation: Analysis of 200 Cases
Authors: S. A. Tomlinson, M. P. Joslin, D. B. Evans, V. C. Joysey, R. Y. Calne
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The first 200 renal allograft operations performed at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, have been analysed. At the time of writing the fractional graft survivals at one, two, and three years were 53%, 49%, and 39% respectively, and these showed no observable change through the seven years of the programme. On the other hand, the survival of patients undergoing renal transplantation steadily improved, the most recent survival rates at one, two, and three years being 83%, 78%, and 67%, whereas the overall rates were 74%, 66%, and 54% respectively. The survival of second allografts was similar to that of first allografts. Ninety per cent. of the patients whose allografts functioned for a year or more returned to active and gainful employment. The return of children to school and of housewives to running a household was similarly gratifying. We conclude on both social and economic grounds that renal transplantation is fully justified as a therapeutic procedure.
Reversal of EBV Immortalization Precedes Apoptosis in IL-6–Induced Human B Cell Terminal Differentiation
Authors: Anne Altmeyer, Rosalind C Simmons, Stanislaw Krajewski, John C Reed, Georg W Bornkamm, Selina Chen-Kiang
Journal: Immunity (1997)

Cell death in B cell terminal differentiation rapidly follows cell cycle arrest in IL-6 differentiation of EBV-immortalized, IgG-bearing human lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. G1 arrest is now found to coincide with repression of EBNA2 and LMP1, two EBV genes essential for B cell transformation, without activation of the viral lytic cycle. IL-6–differentiated B cells die by apoptosis, as evidenced by increases in Annexin V binding activity, PARP cleavage, and chromatin disorganization. Expression of Mcl-1, a Bcl-2 family member, was specifically induced during IL-6 differentiation and down-regulated during apoptosis. Thus, IL-6 reverses EBV immortalization and activates the terminal differentiation program in IgG-bearing human B lymphoblastoid cells, including regulation of an anti-apoptotic gene to coordinate differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and cell death.
Abstract 5649: Highly synergistic anti-tumor efficacy induced by the combination of two natural dietary agents, luteolin and EGCG: Role of p53 phosphorylation, stabilization and translocation
Authors: A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Dongsheng Wang, Hongzheng Zhang, Shifang Peng, Lydia Koenig, Johann C. Brandes, Tighiouart Mourad, Fadlo R. Khuri, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Natural dietary agents have drawn a great deal of attention for cancer prevention and therapy because of their wide safety margin and easy availability. However, single agent intervention has failed to bring the expected outcome in clinical trials in many instances; therefore, combinations of chemopreventive agents are gaining increasing attention. In the present study, we have investigated a combinatorial approach using two natural dietary polyphenols, luteolin and EGCG, and found that combination of the two compounds at low doses (at which almost no apoptosis was observed after single agent treatment) tremendously increased apoptosis (50-70%) in both head and neck and lung cancer cell lines (a panel of 11 cell lines tested). This combination also significantly inhibited growth of head and neck cancer Tu212 and lung cancer A549 xenografts as compared with either of the single agents (P value &amp;lt; 0.05). Ki-67 and TUNEL staining of the xenografted tumor tissues also showed statistically significant decrease in the number of Ki-67 and increase in TUNEL positive cells after combined treatment with luteolin and EGCG as compared with single agent treatment or untreated control. Further mechanistic study showed that the combination-induced both mitochondria-dependent and -independent apoptosis varying among cell lines. Although the combination was effective against cell lines regardless of their p53 status, those with wild-type p53 were much more sensitive to the treatment than those with mutant or no p53. Ablation of p53 using shRNA strongly inhibited apoptosis (&amp;gt;50%) as evidenced by decreased PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. Moreover, we found more efficient stabilization and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 by the combination as compared with either single agent, particularly when the basal p53 levels were low. In addition, we observed mitochondrial translocation of p53 after treatment with luteolin or the combination of EGCG and luteolin. Taken together, our results, for the first time, suggest that combination of luteolin and EGCG has synergistic/additive growth inhibitory effects both in vitro and in vivo via a p53-dependent pathway and will provide an important rationale for chemoprevention or treatment trials using this combination. This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute award 5 P50 CA128613 SPORE in Head and Neck Cancer (ARA, JCB, TM, FRK, ZGC and DMS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5649.
Fibrinolytic response to moderate exercise in 50 healthy middle-aged subjects.
Authors: J. D. Cash, D. G. Woodfield
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Fibrinolytic response to moderate exercise in 50 healthy middle-aged subjects. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
Authors: NORMAN WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It may not be unfitting if at the outset I present certain credentials to warrant my presence here. I come from Scotland, where education has for centuries occupied a prominent place and has, it may fairly be claimed, become part of the national character. It is in the very marrow of our bones. And I come from Edinburgh, where education is the chief industry and whose numerous scholastic institutions in and around the city testify to the keen interest that many of our past citizens took in education. The spirit of the Latin proverb Disce, doce aut discede, is pretty well lived up to. We start teaching young. It begins as an interest, becomes a practice, and develops into a habit which some find it difficult to break. We have only comparatively recently introduced an age limit on the professoriate, and characteristically we have made it five years later than
Friends, doctors, and tramadol: we might have a problem
Authors: A. Winstock, J. Bell, R. Borschmann
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Over the past two decades, opioid prescription for chronic non-cancer pain has risen rapidly in the US, partly as a result of aggressive marketing.1 2 As prescribing increased, so did non-medical use.3 Prescription opioid misuse is now the leading drug problem in the US, with more overdose deaths from prescription opioids than from heroin.4 Recent data show that deaths related to prescription opioids are also increasing in England and …
Loss of the bloom syndrome helicase increases DNA ligase 4-independent genome rearrangements and tumorigenesis in aging Drosophila
Authors: Ana Maria Garcia, Robert N Salomon, Alice Witsell, Justine Liepkalns, R Brent Calder, Moonsook Lee, Martha Lundell, Jan Vijg, Mitch McVey
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Background The BLM DNA helicase plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability. Mutations in BLM cause Bloom syndrome, a rare disorder associated with cancer predisposition and premature aging. Humans and mice with blm mutations have increased frequencies of spontaneous mutagenesis, but the molecular basis of this increase is not well understood. In addition, the effect of aging on spontaneous mutagenesis in blm mutants has not been characterized. To address this, we used a lacZ reporter system in wild-type and several mutant strains of Drosophila melanogaster to analyze mechanisms of mutagenesis throughout their lifespan. Results Our data show that Drosophila lacking BLM have an elevated frequency of spontaneous genome rearrangements that increases with age. Although in normal flies most genome rearrangements occur through DNA ligase 4-dependent classical end joining, most rearrangements that accumulate during aging in blm mutants do not require DNA ligase 4, suggesting the influence of an alternative end-joining mechanism. Adult blm mutants also display reduced lifespan and ligase 4-independent enhanced tumorigenesis in mitotically active tissues. Conclusions These results suggest that Drosophila BLM suppresses error-prone alternative end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks that can result in genome instability and tumor formation during aging. In addition, since loss of BLM significantly affects lifespan and tumorigenesis, the data provide a link between error-prone end joining, genome rearrangements, and tumor formation in a model metazoan.
Acute Lung Injury — Affecting Many Lives
Authors: Margaret S. Herridge, Derek C. Angus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Acute lung injury is the clinical syndrome of rapid-onset bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia of noncardiac origin. When the hypoxemia is severe, the condition is termed the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).1 As archetypal examples of critical illness requiring intensive care, advanced life support, and considerable health care resources, acute lung injury and ARDS have attracted substantial research interest. An extensive body of laboratory and clinical investigation has been amassed since the original description almost 40 years ago, cataloguing our advancing knowledge of the cause, pathophysiology, and management of these complex and often lethal syndromes. However, estimates of their incidence . . .
Corrections: Long-term mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is liver histology of any prognostic significance?
Authors: Paul Angulo
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In the February 2010 issue of HEPATOLOGY, regarding the article “Long-Term Mortality in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Is Liver Histology of Any Prognostic Significance?” (HEPATOLOGY 2010;51:373-375) please note the following error in Table 1. Data describing cirrhosis prevalence in the simple steatosis group reported in the study by Rafiq et al. should read NR (not reported) instead of 42 (56.8%). All cirrhosis prevalence proportions were calculated based upon these correct (NR) data. DOI 10.1002/hep.23677
New Uses for Phenytoin
Authors: Philip Walson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PHENYTOIN (diphenylhydantoin) is a clinically accepted therapeutic agent for seizure control, for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, and in the diagnosis (and treatment) of certain endocrine diseases. In addition, however, phenytoin has been reported to be of value in treating at least 75 different symptoms and disorders. Bogoch and Dreyfus<sup>1</sup>have reported these various clinical uses in their book,<i>The Broad Range of Use of Diphenylhydantoin</i>. As pointed out in the<i>Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics</i>, the book lists a total of 75 symptoms and disorders, from abdominal pain to wounds, in which phenytoin is reported to be valuable. The bibliography is of interest, but the reviews of the uses of the drug are too uncritical to be of much value. Of the 750 articles mentioned, only 17 studies are described as being controlled to any extent. The majority of these proposed uses are supported only by anecdotal evidence.
In vitro fertilisation for all?: Local decision making has led to inequality
Authors: R. Mathur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Ashcroft is right to point out that whether fertility treatment is funded by the NHS is essentially a political decision.1 He is also right to point out that the National Institute for Clinical Excellence is not mandated and does not attempt to settle questions on any basis other than clinical effectiveness. However, his prescription for leaving decisions about funding fertility treatment to a mythically accountable local level is a recipe for perpetuating discrimination and lack of accountability.
Treatment of Achalasia with the Witzel Dilator: A Prospective Randomized Study of Two Methods
Authors: P. Alonso-Aguirre, C. Aba-Garrote, E. Estévez-Prieto, B. González-Conde, J. L. Vázquez-Iglesias
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

The treatment of primary achalasia of the esophagus is basically palliative and is aimed at decreasing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. Several approaches have been designed with this objective, from pharmacological treatment, such as smooth muscle fibre relaxants, to endoscopic therapies (intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection [1], endoscopic sclerotheraphy [2], and forceful pneumatic dilation of the cardia), and surgical procedures (cardiomyotomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy). Among the nonpharmacological treatments, pneumatic dilation and surgical cardiomyotomy provide the best long-term results [3] [4] [5] [6]. Pneumatic dilation is the most cost-effective method [7], and also allows rapid recovery of the patient, can be performed as an outpatient procedure in many cases [8], and shows a lower incidence of post-treatment gastroesophageal reflux disease than surgery [3] [4] [9]. For these reasons, pneumatic dilation is considered by many to be the preferred approach [4] [7] [10]. Esophageal perforation, the complication causing the greatest concern, occurs in 2 - 6 % of cases [3] [11] [12] [13].
Vaccination with a recombinant fragment of collagen adhesin provides protection against Staphylococcus aureus-mediated septic death.
Authors: I M Nilsson, J M Patti, T Bremell, M Höök, A Tarkowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Morbidity and mortality due to infections such as sepsis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and invasive endocarditis remain high despite the use of antibiotics. The emergence of antibiotic resistant super bugs mandates that alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infections are developed. We investigated the ability of vaccination with a recombinant fragment of the S. aureus collagen adhesin to protect mice against sepsis-induced death. Actively immunized NMRI mice were intravenously inoculated with the S. aureus clinical isolate strain Phillips. 14 d after inoculation, mortality in the collagen adhesin-vaccinated group was only 13%, compared with 87% in the control antigen immunized group (P < 0.001). To determine if the protective effect was antibody mediated, we passively immunized naive mice with collagen adhesin-specific antibodies. Similar to the active immunization strategy, passive transfer of collagen adhesin-specific antibodies protected mice against sepsis-induced death. In vitro experiments indicated that S. aureus opsonized with sera from collagen adhesin immunized mice promoted phagocytic uptake and enhanced intracellular killing compared with bacteria opsonized with sera from control animals. These results indicate that the collagen adhesin is a viable target in the development of immunotherapeutics against S. aureus.
Amanda Jane Tuggey (née Scotney)
Authors: Justin Tuggey, Andrea Norris
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Having enjoyed her time with friends and colleagues as a medical student, Amanda Jane Tuggey (nee Scotney) undertook junior hospital posts in Huddersfield and Wakefield. She had a short time training in general practice before becoming a committed and enthusiastic paediatric trainee. She spent a period of time in …
Ultrastructure of the Kidney
Authors: Benjamin H. Spargo
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This well-edited monograph represents a scholarly compilation of observations relating renal ultrastructure and function. The five chapters provide adequate consideration of recent developments, and there is only an occasional duplication of material. The chapter on the fine structure of renal tubules in cortex and medulla by Latta, Maunsbach, and Osvaldo is especially informative. This one paper makes available a wealth of observations that are discussed in detail and related to earlier studies on structure and function. This chapter alone easily justifies the preparation of the volume. In another chapter Michielson and Creemers summarize the evolution of thought on the structure and function of the glomerular mesangium and provide new observations important to understanding the entire glomerulus. The remaining chapters vary somewhat in scope and general approach and are valuable review sources of subjects considered in greater depth elsewhere. Some of the illustrations are excellent and others are of poor technical
Congestive Failure in a 5-Day-Old Child
Authors: Jack Wittenberg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Dale E. Wenlund: A 5-day-old baby boy was referred to this hospital because of congestive failure. The child had been born of a normal full-term pregnancy. There had been a short labor of only one hour and a normal delivery. Initially, he did well but on the fifth day, developed respiratory distress. A diagnosis of congestive failure was made at that time. It was noted that the infant was not cyanotic but had a respiratory rate of 140 per minute and a normal temperature level. On admission to the hospital, he was in respiratory distress but did not appear to be moribund. The blood pressure was thought to be about 60 mm Hg in both the arms and the legs, although this was difficult to determine. The heart beat was in a gallop rhythm at a rate of 140 beats per minute. There was a grade I systolic murmur