tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cesium-129 Myocardial Scintigraphy to Detect Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DONALD W. ROMHILT, ROBERT J. ADOLPH, VINCENT J. SODD, NORMAN I. LEVENSON, LEON S. AUGUST, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA, RAYMOND A. BERKE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Cesium-129 is concentrated in the myocardium after intravenous administration permitting myocardial imaging. The dosage used was 2-2.5 mCi in dogs and 3-4 mCi in patients. Four or more views with 200,000 counts per view were obtained 30 to 90 minutes after administration. Control images were obtained in 30 dogs. In two dogs anatomic landmarks were obtained using technetium-99m markers. In 24 dogs, either the anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery was ligated. An area of absent uptake of 129 Cs was seen involving the anterior wall and apex or the inferior-posterior wall, respectively. At postmortem this represented a myocardial infarction (MI) averaging 4x5 cm. Smaller MI (2x3 cm) at postmortem were seen as defects of the anterior wall. Evolution of an acute MI was followed in four dogs. The defect appeared at one hour and gradually increased on serial images. Fifty patients were studied. Each of 20 patients without evidence of MI had the normal horseshoe or doughnut appearance of the left ventricle surrounding the interventricular cavity. Each of 15 patients with acute MI and 10 of the 13 patients with an old MI had a defect on the myocardial image. The three patients without defects had infarction of the inferior wall. One of two patients with coronary insufficiency had a defect. These studies show that good quality myocardial images were obtained with 129 Cs and strongly suggest its potential usefulness in quantification of an acute MI.
The V beta repertoire of mouse gut homodimeric alpha CD8+ intraepithelial T cell receptor alpha/beta + lymphocytes reveals a major extrathymic pathway of T cell differentiation.
Authors: B Rocha, P Vassalli, D Guy-Grand
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) contain two independent T cell receptor alpha/beta + T cell populations, with different V beta repertoires. In DBA/2 mice (Mlsa, IE+), the CD4+ and heterodimeric alpha/beta CD8+ thymodependent T cell pool shows the same deletion of V beta 6, 8.1, and 11+ cells as found in peripheral lymphoid organs. In contrast, such deletions are not observed in the pool of IEL bearing homodimeric alpha CD8+ chains, in which these V beta families are frequently observed in high amounts. The size of this gut homodimeric alpha CD8+ IEL pool and its different V beta repertoire selection demonstrate the existence of a major extrathymic pathway of T cell differentiation with a gut-restricted localization. The large amount of the thymo-independent, homodimeric alpha CD8+ IEL found in the small bowel may contribute to a first line of defense against exogenous superantigens.
Abstract 3158: Stathmin expression predicts response to taxanes in metastatic endometrial cancer
Authors: Henrica MJ Werner, Jone Trovik, Elisabeth Wik, Lars A. Akslen, Helga B. Salvesen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecological cancer in industrialized countries. Although the majority have a good prognosis, up to 20% recurs. To date there are few markers available to predict response to treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer. Patients with tumors expressing estrogen- and progesterone receptors have the best response to antihormonal treatment. Still, more markers are needed to predict response to other therapy modalities in patients with metastatic endometrial cancer. Stathmin is known to have a role in microtubule dynamics. In ovarian cancer it was recently shown that high stathmin expression predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients treated with paclitaxel/platinum chemotherapy. We therefore hypothesize that level of stathmin expression may predict response to microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapy in endometrial cancer. Material and methods: Between 2001 and 2010, 603 patients treated for endometrial cancer were recruited prospectively in a population based setting. Stathmin expression in primary tumors was measured by immunohistochemistry and linked to treatment response to taxanes in patients with metastatic disease. Response was evaluated by the RECIST criteria and analyzed as partial-/complete response versus stable disease/progression. Results: Of the 603 patients, a total of 117 either relapsed (n=80) or progressed (n=37) after their first line of treatment. Of these, 87 were treated; with chemotherapy (n=34), radiation (n=38) or hormonal therapy (n=15). The remainder did not receive any further treatment or underwent surgery. Complete information regarding response to therapy according to the RECIST criteria was available in 57 patients. Stathmin expression in primary tumors predicted response to microtubule-stabilising chemotherapy (p=0.02, Fisher Exact test): Amongst patients with low expression of stathmin 11 of 12 (92%) had partial-/complete response, whereas only 2 of 6 (33%) patients with a high level of stathmin had partial-/complete response. Stathmin expression was not associated with response to other treatment modalities. Conclusion: Stathmin expression in primary tumors predicts response to microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapy in metastatic endometrial cancer. Biologically, this is plausible due to the known function for stathmin in microtubule dynamics. A larger cohort is needed to confirm these data and the usefulness of stathmin expression as a marker for treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3158. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3158
SUPERSTITION IN TERATOLOGY.WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE THEORY OF IMPRESSIONISM.
Authors: EDWIN TAYLOR SHELLY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the last column of the tables the values obtained for the dilution of 1 to 40 are expressed in the percentage of those obtained for 1 to 20.This calculation was omitted in cases in which the values for 1 to 20 were very low.In Group 1 this percentage was the lowest, where the absolute values were the lowest.In Group 2 the same holds good, with the exception of Case 6.In Group 3, Case 2 gave a phagocytosis of 64 per cent, for 1 to 20 and of 6 per cent, for 1 to 40.The value for 1 to 40, expressed in the percentage of that for 1 to 20, is 9 per cent., and this is the lowest value of this series.The difference is here very pronounced.In the other cases of this group the lowest value coincides with the lowest value for the phagocytosis.In Group 4, Case 1 is of interest.Here the absolute values differed markedly on two different examinations, while the percentage of the values for 1 to 40 in relation to those for 1 to 20 did not differ materially.Case 6 of this group corresponds to Case 2 of Group 3. The meaning of the values tabu- lated in the last column of the tables is not clear.In summing up results, we must be careful in drawing conclusions from the data given.The dispensary ma- terial does not furnish an ideal material to reach final results, and the small number of cases in which the examinations could be repeated makes itself felt very disagreeably.Furthermore, it was impossible to obtain normal infants on which a series of observations cover- ing a longer period of time could be taken, and such a series certainly is very desirable.Therefore, I offer these results only tentatively and more as a basis for further investigation.Since the blood of normal individuals contains a cer- tain amount of opsonins which are able to prepare a large number of different micro-organisms for phagocytosis, and since these opsonins seem of importance in the de- fense of the organism against various infections, it seems necessary to determine, if possible, the conditions which govern their amount in the blood of normal individuals.Keeping in mind the restriction mentioned above, the results may be summarized as follows :1.The opsonic content of the infant's blood does not seen to follow the rules laid down by Moro1 for the bac- tericidal power of the blood.2. The average values for the opsonic content of the infant's blood exceed those laid down by Simon* for nor- mal adults.3. A distinct advantage seems to exist in favor of the breast-fed infant.This advantage does not seem to be
Genetic organization of complement receptor-related genes in the mouse.
Authors: S F Kingsmore, D P Vik, C B Kurtz, P Leroy, B F Tack, J H Weis, M F Seldin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Using an interspecific cross, gene linkage relationships among members of the murine complement receptor-related genes, C4bp, Cfh, Mcry, and Mcr2, were analyzed by segregation of RFLP in 200 mice. The human homologues of these genes are tightly linked, composing the RCA locus, which maps to human chromosome (Chr.)1q32, within a large linkage group conserved between human Chr.1q21-32 and mouse Chr.1. RFLP associated with C4bp and Cfh map within this conserved linkage group; Cfh is located 9 cM telomeric to C4bp, which is consistent with linkage data for their human homologues. Mcry and Mcr2, while tightly linked, are located outside the conserved group, 40 cM telomeric to C4bp. These data suggest that a translocation or inversion occurred within the RCA family during the evolution of the mouse, defining a breakpoint of this large conserved linkage group.
Analysis of Antitumor Activity of an Interleukin-13 (IL-13) Receptor-Targeted Cytotoxin Composed of IL-13 Antagonist and <b> <i>Pseudomonas</i> </b> Exotoxin
Authors: Mitomu Kioi, Koji Kawakami, Raj K. Puri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

We have shown previously that a chimeric fusion protein composed of human interleukin-13 (IL-13) and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), termed IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38), is specifically cytotoxic to various cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures derived from a variety of solid cancers. In addition, we have shown that IL-13 mutant IL-13E13K, in which glutamic acid (E) residue at position 13 of IL-13 molecule was substituted by a lysine (K), is a powerful antagonist of IL-13 and binds to IL-13 receptor with a higher affinity compared with wild-type IL-13. In this study, we have generated an IL-13 cytotoxin IL13E13K-PE38, in which IL-13 antagonist is fused to PE to determine whether this molecule has improved cytotoxicity to tumor cells compared with wild type (wt)IL13-PE38. Highly purified IL13E13K-PE38 was tested in various tumor cell lines including seven glioblastoma multiforme cell lines to compare its binding to the cells, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor activity, and safety in mouse model with wtIL13-PE38. IL13E13K-PE38 bound to U251MG and IL-13Ralpha2 chain-transfected tumor cell lines with 3 to 10 times higher affinity compared with wtIL13-PE38. However, IL13E13K-PE38 did not show higher cytotoxicity compared with wtIL13-PE38 in glioblastoma multiforme or any other cell lines tested. The antitumor activity of IL13E13K-PE38, when administered intraperitoneally to nude mice bearing U251 tumors, was also similar to wtIL13-PE38. Some improvement in antitumor activity was observed when lower doses of IL13E13K-PE38 were injected intratumorally in subcutaneous tumors. These results indicate that in general, IL13E13K-PE38 mediates similar cytotoxicity and antitumor activity to wtIL13-PE38 despite its improved binding affinity to IL-13 receptors.
"SAFETY PIN IN VAGINA OF CHILD"
Authors: D. J. Milton Miller
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journal, April 15, appears an interesting account of a safety pin in the vagina of a 4 year old child whose hymen was imperforate. The author, Dr. Nixon, supplements his communication with a list of similar cases culled from the literature. May I add another? In the case of a child, aged 2½ years, seen by me about ten years ago, a mucopurulent vaginal discharge had persisted for six months in spite of treatment with antiseptic and astringent douches and instillations by a well known pediatrician, who had regarded the condition as a benign vulvovaginitis, as the smears were negative. Under this therapeutic regimen the condition would ameliorate and increase, and during one of these remissions the child was brought to Atlantic City. After arrival here a sharp exacerbation occurred. When I saw the patient, examination disclosed the hymen imperforate except for a small opening
Effect of CPAP on insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes
Authors: I A Harsch, E G Hahn, S Pour Schahin
Journal: Thorax (2008)

West et al are to be commended for the laborious study of the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on insulin resistance and glycaemic control in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and type 2 diabetes ( Thorax 2007; 62 :969–74). The authors did not demonstrate an improvement in insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in obese patients after 3 months of therapeutic CPAP compared with placebo CPAP. The presentation of the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) results (shown as mean (SD, 0–100% range)) …
The emerging role of benefit-cost analysis in the regulatory process at EPA.
Authors: R A Luken
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Almost since its inception, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been using analytical techniques related to the concept of balancing benefits and costs. As a result of the Reagan Administration's Executive Order 12291, benefit-cost analysis is playing an increasingly important role in the EPA regulatory process. Benefit-cost analysis has assisted in organizing information and improving cost estimates. It has influenced the choice of regulatory criteria and aided in the developing degrees of stringency for environmental regulations. The usage of benefit-cost analysis is limited by interpretations of portions of the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act that restrict consideration of costs or establish technology standards. Benefit analysis is only as reliable as the underlying scientific data in the health effects area. Work by epidemiologists on the relationships between pollutant exposures and adverse health effects will play a vital role in EPA's ability to value in dollars the health improvements attributable to pollution control. EPA's Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation is currently conducting combined economic and epidemiology research to develop methods and estimates of the health benefits of pollution control.
Adverse Benzo[ <i>a</i> ]pyrene Effects on Neurodifferentiation Are Altered by Other Neurotoxicant Coexposures: Interactions with Dexamethasone, Chlorpyrifos, or Nicotine in PC12 Cells
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Jennifer Card, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are suspected developmental neurotoxicants, but human exposures typically occur in combination with other neurotoxic contaminants.We explored the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on neurodifferentiation in PC12 cells, in combination with a glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, used in preterm labor), an organophosphate pesticide (chlorpyrifos), or nicotine.In cells treated with BaP alone, the transition from cell division to neurodifferentiation was suppressed, resulting in increased cell numbers at the expense of cell growth, neurite formation, and development of dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes. Dexamethasone enhanced the effect of BaP on cell numbers and altered the impact on neurotransmitter phenotypes. Whereas BaP alone shifted differentiation away from the cholinergic phenotype and toward the dopaminergic phenotype, the addition of dexamethasone along with BaP did the opposite. Chlorpyrifos coexposure augmented BaP inhibition of cell growth and enhanced the BaP-induced shift in phenotype toward a higher proportion of dopaminergic cells. Nicotine had no effect on BaP-induced changes in cell number or growth, but it synergistically enhanced the BaP suppression of differentiation into both dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes equally.Our results indicate that, although BaP can act directly as a developmental neurotoxicant, its impact is greatly modified by coexposure to other commonly encountered neurotoxicants from prenatal drug therapy, pesticides, or tobacco. Accordingly, neurodevelopmental effects attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be quite different depending on which other agents are present and on their concentrations relative to each other.
THE USE OF SULFACETIMIDE IN BACILLARY INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: FERDINAND WELEBIR
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Recent advances in chemotherapy have been of great benefit in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract. Research in chemotherapeutic agents, especially the sulfonamide compounds, is progressing rapidly. It has been our privilege to have under clinical investigation one of these drugs—sulfacetimide-Schering1(p-amino- benzene - sulfonyl- acetyl -imide)—which we have used with good results in the treatment of more than 200 cases of infections of the urinary tract due to the colon-aerogenes group of organisms.  In the vast amount of experimental work on sulfanilamide, it was found that it was acetylated in its passage through the body. This acetylation occurs at the amino group in the para position. Vonkennel and Korth2found that sulfanilamide when acetylated at this particular position became nontoxic but completely lost its therapeutic value.    In an effort to develop a compound which would still be relatively nontoxic yet hold its therapeutic effectiveness in the body, Dohrn and Diedrich3succeeded in removing one of the hydrogen atoms of the sulfonamide group and placing the acetyl group in this position. The structural formula is:
Smallpox, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliomyelitis Immunization
Authors: James L. Goddard
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IT MAY SEEM ANTICLIMACTIC to address a scientific session today on the subject of immunizing agents which have been in our medical practice for over 20 years. In the case of poliomyelitis, it would seem presumptuous to discuss the most widely publicized vaccines in the history of immunization. What is there to say about diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, smallpox, and poliomyelitis that is new and stimulating?  Consider these facts: (1) within the past year, the American Medical Association has undertaken national campaigns to increase the usage of smallpox vaccine and tetanus toxoid; (2) thousands of local medical societies have joined in community programs for poliomyelitis immunization; (3) during 1962 there were 444 reported cases of diphtheria, over 17,000 cases of pertussis, and 322 cases of tetanus. As far back as 1899, the House of Delegates of the AMA approved a resolution which urged local boards of health to adopt laws requiring
Role of anisotropy in determining the selective action of antiarrhythmics in atrial flutter in the dog
Authors: T. Yamashita, H. Inoue, A. Nozaki, T.-t. Kuo, M. Usui, T. Sugimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to clarify the electrophysiological and anatomical features of the preferential site of action of antiarrhythmic drugs in the re-entrant circuit of canine atrial flutter. Methods: Electrophysiological and anatomical findings were correlated in 17 anaesthetised adult mongrel dogs with atrial flutter associated with an intercaval anatomical obstacle, before and after intravenous administration of disopyramide (2 mg·kg−1) and flecainide (2 mg·kg−1). Results: Before drug injection, a rate dependent prolongation of conduction time occurred in the low right atrium where the conduction was slow during atrial flutter. Disopyramide (n=8 dogs) and flecainide (n=9 dogs) terminated atrial flutter, with conduction block occurring in this slow conduction area in the low right atrium. Although the degree of drug induced prolongation of refractoriness in this particular area was similar to those in other areas of the right atrium, conduction was depressed to a greater extent in this region. Anatomical study revealed that a thick pectinate muscle that branched from the crista or crista terminalis itself ran perpendicular to the wavefront of the pacing impulse and atrial flutter in this slow conduction area. Conclusions: These data indicated that slow conduction might be attributed, at least in part, to anisotropic conduction over the thick muscle bundle in the low right atrium, and that antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially produced conduction block in this area. Anisotropic conduction in the low right arium is an anatomical substrate for slow conduction in the re-entrant circuit and for the site preference of antiarrhythmic drugs in the present canine model.
THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL DERMAL PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN THE RABBIT
Authors: C. P. Rhoads, Kenneth Goodner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. The pathology of the experimental dermal pneumococcic infection in the rabbit is described in detail and the findings are compared with the histological alterations seen in the human pneumonic lung. There would appear to be a basic similarity of the lesions in both tissues. 2. A copious production of edema fluid is the outstanding characteristic of the early lesion. It occurs prior to any significant cellular change. In the spreading lesion an infiltration of the tissues with fluid precedes any other sign of reaction between tissue and microorganism. It seems likely that the advancing fluid carries with it the infecting organisms and inoculates all tissues which it reaches. The resulting infection seems not to take place by an active invasion of microorganisms but by a progressive inoculation from an infected fluid.
The ordinary light microscope: an appropriate tool for provisional detection and identification of crystals in synovial fluid.
Authors: E Pascual, J Tovar, M T Ruiz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

To determine if the ordinary light microscope is a useful tool in the detection and identification of crystals in synovial fluid 63 fluids (13 with monosodium urate (MSU), 14 with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), one with both types of crystal, and 35 without crystals) were examined blindly by two observers, first with an ordinary light microscope, then with a polarising light microscope. Tentative identification of the crystals by their shape was attempted. The sensitivity of the ordinary light microscope for the detection of crystals was 96.2% and 100%, with specificity of 100% and 97.1% for observers 1 and 2, both with respect to the polarising light microscope. The concordance between observers for the ordinary light microscope was chi = 0.90 (0.897, 0.902) and for the polarising light microscope chi = 0.96 (0.958, 0.961). The specificity for identification of MSU and CPPD crystals by their shape with respect to the polarising light microscope was 92.3% and 85.7% for observers 1 and 2. When a polarising light microscope is not available examination of synovial fluid by an ordinary light microscope may allow a provisional diagnosis; definitive identification of the crystals requires a polarising light microscope.
F-18 FDG Uptake in Osteonecrosis Mimicking Bone Metastasis on PET/CT Images
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Seok Tae Lim, Sang-Heon Song, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 55-year-old man underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of recurrent lung cancer. PET/CT showed a hypermetabolic lung mass, and a focal area of increased F-18 FDG uptake in the right proximal femur, which corresponded to increased attenuation on CT, and was consistent with a bone marrow metastasis. The patient underwent a CT-guided biopsy and the pathologic findings were compatible with osteonecrosis, without evidence of malignancy. This case demonstrates that F-18 FDG uptake by osteonecrosis can mimic bone metastasis in a patient with malignancy.