tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REFERRED PAIN IN A TRAUMATIC INTESTINAL RUPTURE
Authors: Richard Joseph White
Journal: JAMA (1931)

During the past ten years, the incidence of jejunal ulcer following gastro-enterostomy has been studied intensively. Von Haberer in Europe and Lewisohn in America have been led by its alleged frequence to advocate extensive gastric resections for duodenal ulcer. This discussion has incidentally diffused much information about the symptoms of jejunal ulcer. It causes pain regularly below and to the left of the umbilicus. In view of this well established clinical observation, the following case is of interest: E. L. N., a boy, aged 6 years, was brought, Sept. 3, 1930, to the Cook Memorial Hospital. He had been knocked down and run over by a light automobile. He complained at once and continuously of pain in his stomach. Physical examination showed extensive abrasions and contusions. Lesions were scattered over the arms and legs, and there was a severe bruise about the right eye with a subconjunctival hemorrhage. There was
P2-320: Marked response to a cisplatin/docetaxel/temozolomide combination in a heavily pre-treated lung cancer patient with a metastatic large cell neuroendocrine tumour.
Authors: Ioannis Gounaris, Joe Rahamim, Siva Shivasankar, Sarah Earl, Bruce Lyons, Dennis Yiannakis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Rapid desensitization to chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies is effective and safe
Authors: P. Giavina-Bianchi, J. Caiado, M. Picard, L. Pur Ozyigit, V. Mezzano, M. Castells, E. Alvarez-Cuesta, R. Madrigal-Burgaleta, M. P. Berges-Gimeno, D. Angel-Pereira
Journal: Allergy (2013)
Sensitive skin is not limited to the face
Authors: C. Saint-Martory, A.M. Roguedas-Contios, V. Sibaud, A. Degouy, A.M. Schmitt, L. Misery
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Sensitive skin (or reactive or hyper‐reactive skin) is defined as skin that reacts by erythema and/or subjective symptoms (pricking, burning, pain, pruritus etc.) to stimuli that are not pathogens in themselves (e.g. wind, heat, cold, water, cosmetics, stress). This phenomenon is very frequent, occurring in about 50% of the European population. Objectives Sensitive skin is always reported on the face. The aim of our study was to determine if it can occur in other localizations. Methods We have performed this study in two centres. One was a department of dermatology in a university hospital while the other one was a centre for cosmetological studies. A questionnaire was given to women aged > 15 years. The questions were: Do you have sensitive skin? If yes, in which localization? What are the symptoms and triggering factors? Results Four hundred subjects were included in the study (200 in each centre). The two populations were similar in terms of age, sex, and most of the results. The mean age was 40 years. Eighty‐five per cent of the 400 subjects declared that they had sensitive skin on the face, and 70% had sensitive skin in another area: hands (58%), scalp (36%), feet (34%), neck (27%), torso (23%) or back (21%). Triggering factors included cold (66%), heat (28%), stress (61%), sun exposure (51%), wind (42%), water from a shower (29%) or a swimming pool (40%), soaps (42%), cosmetics (28%) and pollution (18%). Friction from clothes was reported in 28% of cases. Sensitive skin was observed as redness in most cases along with various subjective symptoms. Conclusions The proportion of subjects presenting with sensitive skin is probably overestimated. However, the main result of this study is that sensitive skin is not restricted to the face but rather it is also present at other localizations, mainly the hands, and often the scalp and feet.
A Patient Sees His CT Scan
Authors: James Field
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LB-003 The Role Of Optineurin In Macrophage Cytokine Secretion And Bowel Inflammation
Authors: TS Chew, GW Sewell, NR O’Shea, SL Bloom, AW Segal, AM Smith
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Abstract published in/presented at:</h3> Presented at Keystone Symposia February 2014. <h3>Introduction</h3> Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. We previously showed that macrophages from CD patients secrete lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines due to vesicle trafficking defects,<sup>1</sup> which may be responsible for the deficient neutrophil recruitment in bowel<sup>2</sup> and decreased bacterial clearance observed in CD patients compared to healthy controls (HC).<sup>1,2</sup> To investigate the low cytokine secretion, we performed transcriptomic analysis in CD and HC macrophages and identified a subgroup of CD patients with low expression of optineurin (OPTN). <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> and <i>Optn<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermate mice were gavaged with <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>, which induces a colitis. Bone marrow derived macrophages were stimulated with heat-killed <i>E. coli</i> (HkEc) then TNF and IL6 gene expression and cytokine secretion were measured. Confocal microscopy of TNF and early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was performed. HkEc stimulated macrophages were inhibited with lysosomal inhibitors monensin, chloroquine and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl to investigate defective vesicle trafficking. <h3>Results</h3> The <i>C. rodentium</i> colitis resulted in greater weight loss (p &lt; 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.007) in the <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. This was associated with decreased serum TNF (p = 0.03) and IL6 (p = 0.02) levels in the <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice despite similar levels of bowel TNF and IL6 mRNA expression. Importantly this was associated with an early decreased neutrophil recruitment to the bowel on FACS in the <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice (p = 0.02) that may account for the later greater colitis on histological colitis scores (p = 0.04). <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> macrophages secrete less TNF (p = 0.006) and IL6 (p = 0.02) despite similar levels of mRNA expression. Confocal microscopy of TNF and EEA1 showed decreased colocalisation of TNF and the endosomal compartment in <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> macrophages (p = 0.04) after bacterial stimulation. Lower intracellular TNF levels in <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i> macrophages (p = 0.03) were normalised to wildtype levels when lysosomal inhibitors were added suggesting that TNF is mistrafficked in <i>Optn<sup>-/-</sup></i>macrophages to lysosomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> OPTN has a known role in vesicle trafficking and bacterial handling.<sup>3,4</sup> The <i>C. rodentium</i> colitis model shows that OPTN plays a role in enteric bacteria handling, most likely via defective cytokine secretion of tissue resident macrophages. This defect is likely due to impaired trafficking of TNF from the Golgi complex to the endosomal compartment. Diminished OPTN expression in humans may increase the risk of developing CD via impaired cytokine secretion and defective bacterial clearance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Estimation of left ventricular cavity area with an on-line, semiautomated echocardiographic edge detection system.
Authors: B F Vandenberg, L S Rath, P Stuhlmuller, H E Melton, D J Skorton
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Automated edge detection of endocardial borders in echocardiograms provides objective, reproducible estimation of cavity area; however, most methods have required off-line analysis. A recently developed prototype echocardiographic imaging system permits real-time automated edge detection during imaging and thus, the potential for measurement of cyclic changes in cavity area and the assessment of left ventricular function on-line. Our purpose was to compare measurements of endocardial area manually traced from conventional echocardiograms with those obtained with the real-time automated edge detection system in normal subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Two training sets of images were used to establish optimal methods of gain setting; the settings were then evaluated in a test set of images. In the high-gain training group (n = 8 subjects, 119 images), gain settings were adjusted sufficiently high to display at least 90% of the endocardial border. Manually drawn and real-time area measurements correlated at r = 0.92, but manually drawn areas were underestimated by computer. In the low-gain training group (n = 7 subjects, 104 images), gain settings were adjusted sufficiently low to avoid cavity clutter despite the presence of dropout of endocardial edges. Manually drawn and real-time areas again correlated (r = 0.79), but manually drawn areas were overestimated by computer. In the intermediate-gain test group (n = 7 subjects, 105 images), gain settings were balanced between maximal endocardial definition (greater than or equal to 90%) and minimal cavity clutter (less than or equal to 1 cm2). Manually drawn and real-time areas correlated at r = 0.91 for the group, and r ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 in individual subjects. Interobserver variability was 9.5% for manually traced areas and 10.6% for real-time area measurements. CONCLUSIONS Real-time on-line automated edge detection provides accurate estimation of manually drawn cavity areas. Although the method is gain dependent, measurements are reproducible. The system should have clinical application in settings in which measurements of left ventricular function are important.
THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 DEFICIENCY AND OF RESTRICTED FOOD INTAKE ON THE RESPONSE OF MICE TO THE LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Claire Foster, James H. Jones, Werner Henle, Frieda Dorfman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

In several experiments it was shown that a deficiency of vitamin B(1) in the diet increased the resistance of mice to the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis. The source of the virus was a suspension of infected mouse brain in saline, which was injected intracerebrally. Both the mortality rate and the incidence of paralysis were lower in the deficient animals than in the normally fed controls. The protection was more pronounced with respect to paralysis than with respect to the number of deaths. Some deaths in the deficient groups were undoubtedly due to the vitamin deficiency, as indicated by numerous deaths among groups of animals which were given the deficient diet but injected with a suspension of normal brain. An attempt was made to maintain a state of chronic vitamin deficiency by giving small amounts of the vitamin. The results also seem to indicate that the effect of the deficiency was more in delaying the action of the virus than in preventing it. The greatest difference between normally fed and deficient animals receiving the virus came at about the 12th day after inoculation. Comparable results were obtained by restricting the intake of the complete diet to 1 gm. per mouse per day, which is about 40 per cent of the intake of the normally fed mice. Restriction of the caloric intake alone gave similar results. Restriction of food intake was effective in experiments in which extra vitamin B(1) was given in the diet and also when a diluted saline solution was given by stomach tube to assure a sufficient intake of fluid. Other data are necessary before an explanation can be given for the manner in which these deficiencies increase the resistance of the mice to the virus of poliomyelitis.
Sleeping Pills, Insomnia and Medical Practice
Authors: Fredric Solomon, Catherine C. White, Delores L. Parron, Wallace B. Mendelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN VIEW of the availability of newer, apparently safer drugs (benzodiazepines), the Institute of Medicine was asked by federal agencies to review the status of short-acting to medium-acting barbiturates in medical practice. The drugs originally of concern to policy-makers were commonly prescribed sleeping pills (hypnotics) containing secobarbital, pentobarbital and amobarbital. From the viewpoint of public-health policy, little or no concern was expressed about phenobarbital or butabarbital, which are prescribed mostly to provide daytime sedation or to control epileptic seizures; unlike the hypnotics, these barbiturates are only infrequently used in suicide and rarely in drug abuse.The Institute of Medicine decided . . .
Synaptic Elimination, Neurodevelopment, and the Mechanism of Hallucinated “Voices” in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ralph E. Hoffman, Thomas H. McGlashan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

OBJECTIVE: After peaking during childhood, synaptic density in the human frontal cortex declines by 30%–40% during adolescence because of progressive elimination of synaptic connections. The characteristic age at onset of schizophrenia—late adolescence and early adulthood—suggests that the disorder could arise from irregularities involving this neurodevelopmental process. METHOD: A computer simulation of a speech perception neural network was developed. Connections within the working memory component of the network were eliminated on the basis of a "Darwinian rule" in order to model loss of synapses. As a comparison, neuronal cell death, also postulated as being linked to both neurodevelopment and schizophrenia, was simulated. The authors determined whether these alterations at low levels could enhance perceptual capacity and at high levels produce spontaneous speech percepts that simulate hallucinated speech or "voices." RESULTS: Eliminating up to 65% of working memory connections improved perceptual ability; beyond that point, network performance declined and speech hallucinations emerged. Simulating excitotoxic neuronal loss at low levels also improved network performance, but in excess it did not produce hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS: The model demonstrates perceptual advantages of selective synaptic elimination as well as selective neuronal loss, suggesting a functional explanation for these aspects of neurodevelopment. The model predicts that psychosis arises from a pathological extension of one of these neurodevelopmental trends, namely, synaptic elimination. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1683–1689)
LOCAL ANÆSTHESIA WITH THE PHARYNGEAL COCAINE SYRINGE.Read by Title in the Section of Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: JNO. E. BOYLAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen:</i>—I had occasion to report last year, at Nashville, a method of effectually anæsthetizing the tissue of the vault of the pharynx before operating upon adenoid vegetations, by the interstitial injection of cocaine with a suitably constructed and guarded needle syringe. I wish to-day to make a brief report of observations with the instrument during the past year, and as it was incomplete when exhibited, and has since been somewhat modified, I take the liberty of producing it again. An objection raised to the use of the instrument, which was otherwise kindly criticized at the time, was the danger of calling forth alarming or even fatal symptoms by subcutaneous injections of cocaine. Dangerous and disastrous results from the use of cocaine as a local anæsthetic was, from the start, the bugbear that stalked at the heels of this brilliant and most happy innovation, as it was upon
A genome-wide association study of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Virginia Perez-Andreu, Kathryn G. Roberts, Heng Xu, Colton Smith, Hui Zhang, Wenjian Yang, Richard C. Harvey, Debbie Payne-Turner, Meenakshi Devidas, I-Ming Cheng, William L. Carroll, Nyla A. Heerema, Andrew J. Carroll, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield, Krzysztof Mrózek, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Wendy Stock, Steven M. Kornblau, Marina Konopleva, Elisabeth Paietta, Jacob M. Rowe, Selina M. Luger, Martin S. Tallman, Michael Dean, Esteban G. Burchard, Dara G. Torgerson, Feng Yue, Yanli Wang, Ching-Hon Pui, Sima Jeha, Mary V. Relling, William E. Evans, Daniela S. Gerhard, Mignon L. Loh, Cheryl L. Willman, Stephen P. Hunger, Charles G. Mullighan, Jun J. Yang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Ancient Descriptions of Organic Brain Syndrome: The "Kordiakos" of the<i>Talmud</i>
Authors: L. D. HANKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author discusses the meaning of the word "kordiakos." In the Talmud "kordiakos" refers to a syndrome characterized by dizziness, confusion, and mental incompetence after contact with a vat of new wine. While the term may be synonymous with delirium tremens, epilepsy, or transient acute anoxia, the author believes it was one of the earliest references to what is currently known as delirium tremens.
Spinal Compression Fractures Demonstrated on Renal Scan
Authors: THOMAS E. KILKENNY, EDWARD B. STRAUSS, CHARLES RHODES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 74-year-old white man with diabetes and hypertension was evaluated for possible renovascular disease by renal scintigraphy. The patient complained of severe thora-columbar pain, which coincidentally began 1 week before the elective outpatient renal scan was performed. The renal scan showed diminished perfusion of the right kidney suggesting renal artery stenosis or occlusion, but also unexpectedly demonstrated abnormal activity in the midline just superior to the kidneys. Abnormal activity seen during the dynamic phase images persisted on later static views. This unusual finding, associated with severe back pain, led us to suspect impending rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but a subsequent ultrasound examination of the abdomen showed a normal aorta. Bone scan performed 48 hours after the renal scan demonstrated acute compression fractures at T-12 and L-1, correlating in location with the midline activity seen on renal scan. Subsequent spine radiographs verified the compression fractures.
Cost-Effectiveness of Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer in the United States
Authors: Pamela M. McMahon, Chung Yin Kong, Colleen Bouzan, Milton C. Weinstein, Lauren E. Cipriano, Angela C. Tramontano, Bruce E. Johnson, Jane C. Weeks, G. Scott Gazelle
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Polley-Bickel Needle Broken During Biopsy
Authors: Jack Zuckner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The complications of closed synovial biopsy are infrequent and consist primarily of pain, hemorrhage, and possibly infection. The unusual circumstance of a Polley-Bickel biopsy needle breaking during the biopsy procedure is hereby reported. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 43-year-old white man had rheumatoid arthritis of ten years' duration. The arthritis began with pain and swelling in the right big toe, and within the next two to three years, most peripheral joints had become painful and swollen. These included the right ankle, both knees, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and most finger joints. Treatment had included steroids intra-articularly injected into the knees, aspirin, and various other orally administered medications. Examination revealed a moderate degree of synovitis in both knees, the right ankle, and in several proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarpol phalangeal joints of both hands. Extension and flexion in the left knee were limited to 15°. The right knee joint
The Cardiovascular Biomarker Conundrum
Authors: Vinay Prasad, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients
Authors: Josie M M Evans, Louise A Donnelly, Alistair M Emslie-Smith, Dario R Alessi, Andrew D Morris
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Voluntary surveillance systems are subject to under-reporting.Figures may underestimate true numbers.Miscategorisation of probable country of infection by presuming the country with the highest prevalence as the likely country of infection will underestimate the number of infections acquired in the United Kingdom, particularly among people originating from countries with high prevalence.New HIV diagnoses do not represent new HIV infections, as diagnosis can occur at any point between infection and death, which in the natural course of infection is typically 10-12 years.Furthermore, surveillance reports do not distinguish between partners infected in high prevalence countries while visiting and partners infected before migrating from those countries.The number of people becoming infected with HIV through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom is rising steadily.As the number of heterosexuals living with HIV (diagnosed and undiagnosed) in the United Kingdom grows, the likelihood of heterosexual transmission within the country will increase, particularly among ethnic minorities.The continuing collaboration of those who contribute to the voluntary HIV/AIDS reporting system in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is gratefully acknowledged, as is the help, advice, and support of Kevin Fenton (Health Protection Agency (HPA)), Noel Gill (HPA), Phillip Mortimer (HPA), Linda Lazarus (Department of Health), and Daniel Thomas (Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Wales), and administrative support provided by Fay Peyman (HPA) and Fateha Begum (HPA).Contributors: VLG followed up reports.SD analysed surveillance data and wrote the first draft.VLG, SD, KS, and BGE were involved in the drafting of subsequent versions.BGE is guarantor