tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of diagnostic accord between general practitioners and an ophthalmologist.
Authors: J. H. Sheldrick, S. A. Vernon, A. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To identify diagnostic accord and disagreement between general practitioners and an ophthalmologist and thereby determine how undergraduate and non-specialist postgraduate ophthalmic training could be improved. DESIGN--Comparison of diagnosis of presenting conditions by general practitioners and one ophthalmologist in patients consulting general practitioners for ophthalmic problems during March 1989 to February 1990. SETTING--12 general practices in west Nottingham. PATIENTS--1474 patients presenting to the study general practitioners with new ophthalmic conditions or new episodes of recurrent conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diagnoses of general practitioners and ophthalmologist. RESULTS--1121 (76%) of patients with eye problems agreed to see the ophthalmologist and most were seen within three days. Sufficient data for comparison were available on 1103 patients. Diagnostic agreement was found in 638 cases (58%), but potentially serious misdiagnosis was found in only 15 cases; management in three of these cases would have ensured later identification. Most commonly confused conditions were infective and allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and dry eyes. General practitioners assessed visual acuity in only 114 cases yet eight of the 15 patients seriously misdiagnosed had reduced acuity, an important diagnostic sign. CONCLUSIONS--Most ophthalmic disease seen in general practice does not require specialised equipment for diagnosis. Most cases of misdiagnosis have no serious consequences for the patient. Undergraduate and postgraduate training in ophthalmology should ensure that common conditions can be easily differentiated and more serious conditions identified and referred.
Blood Amylase and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The patient whose case was reported by vanSonnenberg and Pitchumoni (236:482, 1976) has some similarities to the case reported by Block et al. 1 Apparently vanSonnenberg and Pitchumoni did not examine the serum of their patient for a macroamylase, and no values for urinary amylase are given after the sixth day of hospitalization. From the clinical course and the laboratory data, it would seem reasonable to consider the possibility of long-existent macroamylasemia, possibly with superimposed pancreatic derangement during the episode of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Doctors criticise privatised out of hours service in London
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The private sector provider of out of hours GP services Harmoni will be inspected by the health and social care watchdog for England within the next two months, amid claims that some shifts at hospitals across north London were so understaffed that the care provided was unsafe.

A spokesman for the Care and Quality Commission (CQC), which regulates all health and social care services in England, said that services provided by Harmoni would have to be inspected within a year of registering. As it was registered on 25 February 2012, inspections are imminent.

The out of hours service in north London has been severely criticised by doctors in the Guardian newspaper. …
Participation in sport as an assessment of women empowerment
Authors: Bipin Kumar Dubey, Binayak Kumar Dubey, Jayashree Acharya
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

According to National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001) section 6.2 ‘A holistic approach to women's health which includes both nutrition and health services will be adopted and special attention will be given to the needs of women and the girl at all stages of the life cycle’. The present study examines empowerment of women through games and sports keeping in view the physical, mental and social health. One hundred and fifty college going female subjects, age ranging between 18 and 25 years with a mean and SD of 21.26 ± 2.07 from different District of Gwalior, India were administered a self developed questionnaire. The various responses received were analysed using percentage. Study shows that participation in games and sports makes them physically active (44%), improve their health (42%), positive feeling of well being (45%), prevention of chronic disease (45%), prevention of osteoporosis (41%). Further, sports and games relieves emotional strain (58%), makes them to think logically (36%), reduces anxiety, depression and stress (38%), enhance decision making, organisational and management skill over time (46%), foster self-esteem and empowerment (30%), offers more freedom in comparison to past (58%), opportunities for leadership and achievement (56%), economic and social development (61%), encourages women to form clubs and hence have a career in sport (48%). Majority of the women had a favourable attitude towards participation in games and sports thus helping to improve their physical, mental, and social health. Gender violence (68%) and discrimination (56%) can be reduced if more and more females participated in sports. Further, sports helps in providing equal status to women.
Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Damián Gatica, Mario Chiong, Sergio Lavandero, Daniel J. Klionsky
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Autophagy is a catabolic recycling pathway triggered by various intra- or extracellular stimuli that is conserved from yeast to mammals. During autophagy, diverse cytosolic constituents are enveloped by double-membrane vesicles, autophagosomes, which later fuse with lysosomes or the vacuole to degrade their cargo. Dysregulation in autophagy is associated with a diverse range of pathologies including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the world. Accordingly, there is tremendous interest in modulating autophagy for therapeutic purposes. One complexity with regard to cardiovascular homeostasis, however, is that the timing of autophagic activity appears to be critical; for example, cardiomyocyte autophagy during ischemia/reperfusion can be either beneficial or harmful. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that govern autophagosome formation and analyze the link between autophagy and cardiovascular disease.
CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.EPIDEMIC CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.
Authors: J. C. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Historical.</h3> Two diseases have especially excited the interest and baffled the researches of students of epidemiology and clinical medicine. One is influenza, the other epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Influenza has occurred in world pandemics which have been succeeded for varying periods extending over years by recurrent epidemics and sporadic cases and finally by periods of apparent absence of the disease until the sudden recurrence of another great pandemic. The opportunities afforded by the outbreak which began in 1889 have resulted in the discovery of the pathogenic agent of influenza—the bacillus of Pfeiffer—in the recognition of the transmissible nature of the infection and of the existence of sporadic cases by which the disease has been maintained for an indefinite time. But the regions in which the organism has continued to exist and the efficient mechanism by which, after long periods of latency, it suddenly gives rise to its pandemic effects, have thus far eluded research.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF COMPRESSION MYELITIS WITH POSTERIOR LUXATION OF OCCIPUT
Authors: J. Clark Moloney
Journal: JAMA (1930)

We report a compression myelitis due to posterior luxation of the occiput. A review of the literature and of the various indexes failed to reveal a parallel case.  History.  —A white ex-pugilist, aged 38, came to the clinic, Nov. 23, 1928, complaining of a swollen right knee. It proved to be a neurotrophic joint. A more careful neurologic history elicited the following: When 28 years of age, the patient, as a participant in a prize fight, was struck a terrific blow on the chin; it rendered him unconscious. When he regained his senses, the left side of the body was weak and clumsy and the right leg was numb. The disturbance righted itself in three or four days. He had been knocked out about twenty-five times in his career, but never with the same consequences. Ten years later and shortly after the first of the year, 1928, while intoxicated, he
Expression and localization of gastrin messenger RNA and peptide in spermatogenic cells.
Authors: M Schalling, H Persson, M Pelto-Huikko, L Odum, P Ekman, C Gottlieb, T Hökfelt, J F Rehfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

In previous studies we have shown that the gene encoding cholecystokinin (CCK) is expressed in spermatogenic cells of several mammalian species. In the present study we show that a gene homologous to the CCK-related hormone, gastrin, is expressed in the human testis. The mRNA hybridizing to a human gastrin cDNA probe in the human testis was of the same size (0.7 kb) as gastrin mRNA in the human antrum. By in situ hybridization the gastrinlike mRNA was localized to seminiferous tubules. Immunocytochemical staining of human testis revealed gastrinlike peptides in the seminiferous tubules primarily at a position corresponding to spermatids and spermatozoa. In ejaculated spermatozoa gastrinlike immunoreactivity was localized to the acrosome. Acrosomal localization could also be shown in spermatids with electron microscopy. Extracts of the human testis contained significant amounts of progastrin, but no bioactive amidated gastrins. In contrast, ejaculated sperm contained mature carboxyamidated gastrin 34 and gastrin 17. The concentration of gastrin in ejaculated human spermatozoa varied considerably between individuals. We suggest that amidated gastrin (in humans) and CCK (in other mammals) are released during the acrosome reaction and that they may be important for fertilization.
Topical sodium cromoglycate (Opticrom®) relieves ongoing symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis within 2 minutes
Authors: P. Montan, O. Zetterström, E. Eliasson, L.‐H. Strömquist
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Montan P, Zetterström O, Eliasson E, Strömquist L‐H. Topical sodium cromoglycate (Opticrom®) relieves ongoing symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis within 2 minutes. Twelve patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis caused by either birch or timothy grass pollen were challenged out of season in both eyes, with the relevant allergen. Itching, redness, swelling, and tearing were assessed on a 0–3 scale. When a positive reaction, i.e., at least 4 points, had occurred in both eyes, one drop of 2% sodium cromoglycate was administered to one eye and one drop of placebo to the other eye in each patient, in a double‐blind, randomized fashion. Symptoms were then assessed after 2, 10, 30, and 60 min. Sodium cromoglycate was statistically better than placebo in reducing the symptoms at 2, 10, and 30 min after the treatment had been administered, showing that topical application of 2% sodium cromoglycate can quickly relieve ongoing symptoms of allergic inflammation in the eve.
Adrenergic Stimulation of Depolarized Arterial Muscle
Authors: William H. Waugh
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The excitation-contraction reactions of arterial smooth muscle to epinephrine and electrical current were studied in isolated segments of canine small-caliber arteries by means of a constant-flow perfusion technique. The arterial pressure elevations produced by the contractile responses of the smooth muscle to epinephrine were equally large, reproducible, and specifically antagonized by piperoxan whether or not the artery had been depolarized by isosmotic solutions rich in potassium and devoid of sodium. Responses to electrical current were impaired by potassium depolarization. In the potassium-depolarized vascular smooth muscle, relaxation of the induced contractions was moderately delayed.
Plasma cell leukaemia cutis preferentially localized to recent puncture sites
Authors: J.E. Kim, M-Y. Kim, H.O. Kim, Y.M. Park
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Plasma cell leukaemia cutis preferentially localized to recent puncture sites Get access J.E. Kim, J.E. Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐Y. Kim, M‐Y. Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.O. Kim, H.O. Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.M. Park Y.M. Park Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐ku, Seoul 137‐701, Korea Young Min Park. E‐mail: yymmpark@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 1, 1 July 2004, Pages 237–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06025.x Published: 01 July 2004
"Unmasking" of Pancreatitis?
Authors: PHILIP K. OLSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975"Unmasking" of Pancreatitis?PHILIP K. OLSON, M.D.PHILIP K. OLSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-582 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by P. B. Lesser and A. L. Warshaw, in the June issue (Ann Intern Med82:795-798) is titled "Diagnosis of Pancreatitis Masked by Hyperlipidemia." This title, the abstract, and the discussion imply that by the use of "the simple amylase/creatinine clearance ratio, and the serial dilution of hyperlipidemic serum" seven cases of acute pancreatitis were "unmasked." Review of the clinical data shows that in five of the seven patients urinary amylase measurements on at least one occasion early in the clinical course were greater than six times normal. In one case (Patient 7) no urinary...Reference1. LEVITT M, RAPOPORT M, and COOPERBAND S: The renal clearance of amylase in renal insufficiency, acute pancreatitis, and macroamylasemia. Ann Intern Med 71:919-925, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar1. WARSHAW A, BELLINI C, and LESSER P: Inhibition of serum and urine amylase activity in pancreatitis with hyperlipemia. Ann Surg. In press, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. WARSHAW A and FULLER A: Specificity of increased renal clearance of amylase in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 292:325-328, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILIP K. OLSON, M.D.Affiliations: University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4 Page: 582-583 Keywords Acute pancreatitis Hyperlipidemia Pancreatitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
p95HER-2 Predicts Worse Outcome in Patients with HER-2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Rosana Sáez, Miguel A. Molina, Elizabeth E. Ramsey, Federico Rojo, Edward J. Keenan, Joan Albanell, Ana Lluch, Javier García-Conde, José Baselga, Gail M. Clinton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Background: The HER-2 receptor undergoes a proteolytic cleavage generating an NH2-terminally truncated fragment, p95HER-2, that is membrane-associated and tyrosine-phosphorylated. We have reported that p95HER-2, but not the full-length receptor, p185HER-2, correlated with the extent of lymph node involvement in patients with breast cancer and its expression was significantly enhanced in nodal metastatic tissue. These facts suggested an important role for p95HER-2 either as a marker or cause of metastasis and poor outcome in breast cancer. In this work, we have studied the prognostic value of p95HER-2 in breast cancer. Methods: Primary breast tumor tissues (n = 483) were from surgical resections conducted in hospitals in two different countries: the U.S. (n = 334) and Spain (n = 149). HER-2 protein forms, including p185HER-2 and p95HER-2, were examined in extracts of primary breast tumors by Western blot analysis. The levels of the two forms (high or low) were tested for association with other clinicopathologic factors and for correlation with disease-free survival. Results: The median follow-up was 46 months. A high level of p95HER-2 in primary tumor tissue correlated with reduced 5-year disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-8.01; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The median time for disease-free survival was 32 versus 139 months in patients with low levels of p95HER-2. In comparison, high levels of the full-length p185HER-2 did not significantly correlate with poor outcome (P &amp;gt; 0.1). Multivariate analysis revealed that high p95HER-2 was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.246-1.990; P = 0.0004). Conclusions: p95HER-2 expression is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer and defines a group of patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer with significantly worse outcome.
Weight, Physical Activity, Diet, and Prognosis in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Anne McTiernan, Melinda Irwin, Vivian VonGruenigen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer. Observational studies show associations between being overweight or obese and weight gain with several measures of reduced prognosis in women with breast cancer and some suggestion of poor prognosis in underweight women. Observational studies have shown an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality, although a dose-response relationship has not been established. One large randomized controlled trial reported increased disease-free survival after a mean of 5 years in patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to a low-fat diet versus control. However, another trial of similar size found no effect from a high vegetable/fruit, low-fat diet on breast cancer prognosis. The few reported studies suggest that obesity negatively affects endometrial cancer survival, while the limited data are mixed for associations of weight with ovarian cancer prognosis. Insufficient data exist for assessing associations of weight, physical activity, or diet with prognosis in other gynecologic cancers. Associations of particular micronutrient intake and alcohol use with prognosis are not defined for any of these cancers. The effects of dietary weight loss and increase in physical activity on survival or recurrence in breast and gynecologic cancers are not yet established, and randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive data.
A murine skeletal adaptation that significantly increases cortical bone mechanical properties. Implications for human skeletal fragility.
Authors: J Bonadio, K J Jepsen, M K Mansoura, R Jaenisch, J L Kuhn, S A Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Mov13 mice carry a provirus that prevents transcription initiation of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Mutant mice homozygous for the null mutation produce no type I collagen and die at mid-gestation, whereas heterozygotes survive to adulthood. Dermal fibroblasts from heterozygous mice produce approximately 50% less type I collagen than normal littermates, and the partial deficiency in collagen production results in a phenotype similar to osteogenesis imperfecta type I (an inherited form of skeletal fragility). In this study, we have identified an adaptation of Mov13 skeletal tissue that significantly improves the bending strength of long bone. The adaptive response occurred over a 2-mo period, during which time a small number of newly proliferated osteogenic cells produced a significant amount of matrix components and thus generated new bone along periosteal surfaces. New bone deposition resulted in a measurable increase in cross-sectional geometry which, in turn, led to a dramatic increase in long bone bending strength.
P611Elucidating compartmentation of receptor-mediated cGMP signalling regulating inotropic responses in cardiac myocytes
Authors: O Manfra, N Surdo, M Zaccolo, FO Levy, KW Andressen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: To determine how inotropic responses are regulated in heart failure (HF) through signalling pathways increasing cAMP and cGMP is crucial for understanding how new drugs can be of benefit to patients. Myocardial levels of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) are increased in HF. CNP activates the guanylyl cyclase NPR-B receptor and increases cGMP. Our group has previously shown that CNP induces a negative inotropic and positive lusitropic response in failing hearts through cGMP-mediated phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin I. In addition, we have shown that activating these receptors enhances the positive inotropic response to β1-adrenergic and 5-HT4 receptors via a mechanism where increased cGMP levels inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and thereby the degradation of cAMP from these receptors. Neither of these effects were observed when activating other NPR receptors with ANP and BNP, indicating a tightly compartmented response of both the NPR-B, β1- and 5-HT4 receptors. We therefore hypothesize that cGMP is increased in distinct subcellular compartments in cardiac cells. In the current work, we want to clarify the organization of functional cGMP compartments, importance of PDEs and how cGMP regulates inotropic responses. Methods: We have constructed several intracellular FRET-based sensors for cGMP targeted to different subcellular compartments that allow us to measure the local levels of cGMP in single cardiac myocytes. Results and conclusions: In the current work, we have constructed new FRET-based cGMP sensors, located to specific anchoring and structural proteins regulating inotropic responses, thus enabling measurement of local changes in cGMP concentrations after stimulation of the different natriuretic peptide receptors. Understanding compartmented cGMP signaling would help explain how natriuretic peptides can regulate calcium handling (phospholamban) and calcium sensitivity (troponin I) of cardiac myocytes. FRET = Fluorescence resonance energy transfer