tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pioglitazone was associated with lower risk for adverse cardiovascular events than rosiglitazone in older patients
Authors: Ananda Basu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Juurlink DN, Gomes T, Lipscombe LL, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2942. 19690342
Geneticist's sentence reduced in adoption ruling
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (2004)

After an appeal the Superior Court of Budapest has reduced the sentence given to the prominent Hungarian geneticist Endre Czeizel, who was found guilty in a lower court last year on four counts of being an accessory in a transatlantic infant adoption scheme, in violation of Hungary's Family Act ( BMJ 2002;325:238 3 August).

On 18 December the Superior Court dismissed three of the charges against Dr Czeizel, reduced the fourth to …
A year's experience with a mobile coronary resuscitation unit
Authors: H. A. Dewar, J. P. K. McCollum, M. Floyd
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A mobile unit for the emergency treatment of cases of coronary thrombosis in the patient9s home and for their supervised conveyance to hospital has been operating in the City of Newcastle upon Tyne for a year. In that time 134 cases have been attended, and of these 39 benefited appreciably from use of the unit. The value of such a unit must be balanced in relation to the current mortality of the disease outside and inside hospital and the staff available
Management of cervical pregnancy with circumsuture and intracervical obturator.
Authors: J W Scott, P L Diggory, P J Edelman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cortisol concentration was 3174 nmol/l (115 fg/100 ml) at 9 am and 2981 nmoljl (108 KLg/100 ml) at midnight, while there was no suppression after giving 8 mg dexamethasone.Bronchoscopy showed a tumour of the left upper lobe bronchus.His condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died six weeks after admission.Necropsy showed an oat cell carcinoma of the left upper lobe bronchus with widespread metastasis.Both adrenals were twice normal size because of diffuse cortical hyperplasia.The pituitary was normal.There was no evidence of lymphoma, leukaemia, or myeloma.
Combining aspirin with antithrombotic agents
Authors: Joseph J Y Sung
Journal: BMJ (2006)

from 47% to 95% 12 13 ; it may be developed as an immunochromatographic strip test for use with unboiled urine.Another potential test detects erythrocyte sialic acid, which is positive in patients with active disease but becomes negative after cure. 14The test warrants further clinical evaluation.The World Health Organization could help in ensuring that these tests remain available for the people who need them.Two manufacturers have already stopped producing dipsticks (Arista Biological and Amrad).Academic studies are needed for evaluation, and public health action is needed to incorporate good tests into national policies while recognising the commercial needs of manufacturers.Progress in neglected diseases like leishmaniasis is often hampered by lack of commitment from industry, and diagnostics and drugs are abandoned when profits are insufficient.
1021-101 Association of glomerular filtration rate on presentation with subsequent mortality in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Raphaelle Dumaine, C.Michael Gibson, Duane S Pinto, Sabina A Murphy, David A Morrow, Hans-Peter Hobbach, Stephen D Wiviott, Christopher P Cannon, Elliott M Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Knowledge on Inpatient Diabetes Among Fourth-Year Medical Students
Authors: M. Cecilia Lansang, Heather Harrell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The importance of proper management of inpatient hyperglycemia is increasingly being recognized. However, the curriculum for 4th-year medical students has lagged behind current clinical recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess the baseline knowledge of medical subinterns on inpatient diabetes.In the 2005-2006 school year, subinterns were given a pretest on inpatient diabetes. Descriptive analysis was used.Students frequently recommended the sole use of sliding scale for diabetes management. Hyperglycemia in patients not known to have diabetes is less likely to be recognized. The students were more likely to provide appropriate management for chest pain than diabetes. Students were otherwise knowledgeable about the recognition of type of diabetes and the pharmacology of the medications.This study demonstrates the gaps in knowledge about inpatient diabetes that exist before internship and residency. The findings can be used to design a curriculum appropriately targeted to the level of 4th-year medical students.
More basic research is needed to tackle the health effects of global warming
Authors: A. Brynolf
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The need for more basic research is becoming increasingly important as scientists recognise the impending health burden of climate change, a conference has heard.

Speaking at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, on 11 October Tony McMichael, professor at the National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health at the Australian National University, made the call for more basic research.

“We are at an interesting crossroad in research,” he told the meeting on climate …
Oxidizing and reducing properties of melanins
Authors: E.V. GAN, K.M. LAM, H.F. HABERMAN, I.A. MENON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Oxidizing and reducing properties of melanins Get access E.V. GAN, E.V. GAN Dermatology Section, Clinical Science Division, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. LAM, K.M. LAM Dermatology Section, Clinical Science Division, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.F. HABERMAN, H.F. HABERMAN Dermatology Section, Clinical Science Division, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.A. MENON I.A. MENON Dermatology Section, Clinical Science Division, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 1, 1 January 1977, Pages 25–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05181.x Published: 01 January 1977
THE USE OF ACACIA IN THE TREATMENT OF EDEMA
Authors: ALEXIS F. HARTMANN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Following Epstein's<sup>1</sup>paper stressing the relationship between the reduction in concentration of plasma protein and noncardiac edema and the value of a high protein diet in the treatment of such edema, numerous communications, both experimental and clinical, have appeared that have confirmed the soundness of his ideas. An excellent critical review of this subject with a comprehensive bibliography may be found in Leiter's<sup>2</sup>monograph on nephrosis. As a result of such observations, the most widely accepted basic treatment of nephrotic edema has become the feeding of a high protein diet, together with restriction of salt and water, and the transfusion of whole blood or plasma. In analytic studies to be published elsewhere, the limitations of such treatment will be discussed. It will suffice here to say that, in the more severe cases of nephrosis, loss of plasma albumin through the kidney continues to equal or exceed the maximum
PECULIAR IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF BONE MARROW ALLOGRAFTS
Authors: Gustavo Cudkowicz, Michael Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

F1 hybrid mice are capable of rejecting inbred parental strain bone marrow grafts after a single lethal exposure to X-rays. The incompatibility is genetically controlled by the Hybrid-histocompatibility-1 (Hh-1) locus in or near the D end of the Histocompatibility-2 (H-2) region. The onset of parental graft rejection begins 9–12 hr after transplantation and is completed by 24 hr. Maturation of hybrid resistance does not occur until the 22nd day of life. In adults, the resistance to parental marrow grafts can be temporarily abrogated or weakened by administration of cyclophosphamide or dead cultures of Corynebacterium parvum, acute supralethal exposures to radiation, or by split-dose irradiation with 6–37-day intervals. Parental marrow grafts elicit a transplantation reaction in irradiated F1 mice which is indistinguishable from that elicited in irradiated allogeneic (H-2-incompatible) hosts. Because of this immunogenetic similarity, the following question is raised: are the same or different alloantigens responsible for rejection of parental and allogeneic marrow grafts? In the first case, Hh-1 alleles would be recessive determinants of tissue-specific transplantation antigens, whereas in the second case they would be the determinants of parental- and tissue-specific antigens subject to genetic suppression in Hh-1 heterozygotes. Although the available evidence is not conclusive in excluding one of the two possibilities, it favors the concept that allograft reactivity to hemopoietic cells is elicited by recessive tissue-specific antigens.
Congenital Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: NORMAN S. TALNER, AARON M. STERN, HERBERT E. SLOAN
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The clinical and hemodynamic findings in 10 patients with mitral insufficiency on a congenital basis are described. Six of these patients have had repair of the defects with dramatic clinical improvement noted. The findings at the time of surgical repair have been summarized. The severity of the symptoms and the benefits to be derived from surgical repair should encourage vigorous attempts to establish the correct diagnosis. This is best accomplished by either recording the typical left atrial pressure pulse of mitral insufficiency during left heart catheterization or by left ventricular angiography to demonstrate the regurgitation of contrast material into the left atrium.
Terminology for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Richard Shalett Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is an appeal to fellow physicians who love baseball and who therefore recognize Lou Gehrig as a great player and a fine gentleman. My appeal is to remove the epithet "Lou Gehrig's disease" from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In my medical school years, ALS was referred to as "the disease Lou Gehrig had." Today his name has actually replaced the original name of his horrible affliction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis now is Lou Gehrig's disease. I think this is a regrettable and shameful happening. Where else in contemporary medicine has the name of a celebrity (especially one who is so universally admired) actually replaced the medically accepted name? Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should not be honored by being formally equated with Lou Gehrig by our professional colleagues. Certainly Lou Gehrig's name should not be used in this way by those in our profession who understand the importance of
Aid to diagnosis of melanoma in primary medical care
Authors: C. B Del Mar, A. C Green
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate an intervention designed to reduce the number of benign melanocytic lesions excised from the skin. <b>Design</b>: A randomised controlled field trial based in the medical practices of two cities. Examination of histopathological reports of 5823 melanocytic skin lesions excised over the intervention period and in the preceding six months <b>Intervention</b>: Medical practitioners were offered an algorithm and use of an instant developing camera. <b>Setting and subjects</b>: Over 50 medical practitioners, mostly in general practice, in each of two cities in tropical Queensland, Australia. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Percentages of benign (neither malignant nor potentially malignant) melanocytic lesions excised during the two year intervention period. <b>Results</b>: There were no significant differences in the percentages of benign lesions reported in the intervention and control cities before the intervention started (93.6% and 94.0%, respectively), but there was a significant difference afterwards (88.8% and 93.8%, P&lt;0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of invasive melanomas excised per month in the intervention city (3.4%) compared with control city (3.4%). <b>Conclusion</b>: Clinical diagnostic accuracy may be enhanced by offering to clinicians managing suspicious melanocytic skin lesions a simple algorithm and a camera with which to record the appearance of lesions objectively. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages To avoid missing a diagnosis of melanoma many benign pigmented skin lesions are excised Unless obviously malignant initially a lesion for which malignancy cannot be excluded may be watched if its size and appearance can be accurately recorded so that any change is detected with follow up An instant camera and a simple algorithm may reduce false positive excisions without increasing false negative diagnoses in populations susceptible to malignant melanoma Use of an instant camera and an algorithm is relatively easy to incorporate into usual clinical practice
Ribavirin-Induced Pure Red-Cell Aplasia during Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Naoki Tanaka, Fumihiro Ishida, Eiji Tanaka
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Interferon and ribavirin in combination are the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hematologic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia and anemia, are major side effects.1...
Phase III Trial of Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and the Combination of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel as Front-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Intergroup Trial (E1193)
Authors: George W. Sledge, Donna Neuberg, Patricia Bernardo, James N. Ingle, Silvana Martino, Eric K. Rowinsky, William C. Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Between February 1993 and September 1995, 739 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered on an Intergroup trial (E1193) comparing doxorubicin (60 mg/m 2 ), paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 /24 h), and the combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel (AT, 50 mg/m 2 and 150 mg/m 2 /24 h, plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 5 mg/kg) as first-line therapy. Patients receiving single-agent doxorubicin or paclitaxel were crossed over to the other agent at time of progression. Patients and Methods: Patients were well balanced for on-study characteristics. Results: Responses (complete response and partial response) were seen in 36% of doxorubicin, 34% of paclitaxel, and 47% of AT patients (P = .84 for doxorubicin v paclitaxel, P = .007 for v AT, P = .004 for paclitaxel v AT). Median time to treatment failure (TTF) is 5.8, 6.0, and 8.0 months for doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and AT, respectively (P = .68 for doxorubicin v paclitaxel, P = .003 for doxorubicin v AT, P = .009 for paclitaxel v AT). Median survivals are 18.9 months for patients taking doxorubicin, 22.2 months for patients taking paclitaxel, and 22.0 months for patients taking AT (P = not significant). Responses were seen in 20% of patients crossing from doxorubicin → paclitaxel and 22% of patients crossing from paclitaxel → doxorubicin (P = not significant). Changes in global quality-of-life measurements from on-study to week 16 were similar in all three groups. Conclusion: (1) doxorubicin and paclitaxel, in the doses used here, have equivalent activity; (2) the combination of AT results in superior overall response rates and time to TTF; and (3) despite these results, combination therapy with AT did not improve either survival or quality of life compared to sequential single-agent therapy.
Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal bone marrow for quantitative definition of the human fetal stem cell compartment
Authors: Jannine Wilpshaar, Elizabeth C. Joekes, Frans T. H. Lim, Gijs A. M. Van Leeuwen, Pieter J. Van den Boogaard, Humphrey H. H. Kanhai, Roel Willemze, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
Journal: Blood (2002)
Prostate MRI: Evaluating Tumor Volume and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as Surrogate Biomarkers for Predicting Tumor Gleason Score
Authors: Olivio F. Donati, Asim Afaq, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Yousef Mazaheri, Junting Zheng, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Hedvig Hricak, Oguz Akin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether tumor volume derived from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps (VolumeADC) and tumor mean ADC value (ADCmean) are independent predictors of prostate tumor Gleason score (GS). Experimental Design: Tumor volume and GS were recorded from whole-mount histopathology for 131 men (median age, 60 years) who underwent endorectal diffusion-weighted MRI for local staging of prostate cancer before prostatectomy. VolumeADC and ADCmean were derived from ADC maps and correlated with histopathologic tumor volume and GS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prediction of tumor aggressiveness. Areas under receiver-operating characteristics curves (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the performance of VolumeADC and ADCmean in discriminating tumors of GS 6 and GS ≥7. Results: Histopathology identified 116 tumor foci &amp;gt;0.5 mL. VolumeADC correlated significantly with histopathologic tumor volume (ρ = 0.683). The correlation increased with increasing GS (ρ = 0.453 for GS 6 tumors; ρ = 0.643 for GS 7 tumors; ρ = 0.980 for GS ≥8 tumors). Both VolumeADC (ρ = 0.286) and ADCmean (ρ = −0.309) correlated with GS. At univariate analysis, both VolumeADC (P = 0.0325) and ADCmean (P = 0.0033) could differentiate GS = 6 from GS ≥7 tumor foci. However, at multivariate analysis, only ADCmean (P = 0.0156) was a significant predictor of tumor aggressiveness (i.e., GS 6 vs. GS ≥7). For differentiating GS 6 from GS ≥7 tumors, AUCs were 0.644 and 0.704 for VolumeADC and ADCmean, respectively, and 0.749 for both parameters combined. Conclusion: In patients with prostate cancer, ADCmean is an independent predictor of tumor aggressiveness, but VolumeADC is not. The latter parameter adds little to the ADCmean in predicting tumor GS. Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3705–11. ©2014 AACR.
Non-gouty arthritis in sickle cell disease: report of 37 consecutive cases.
Authors: K de Ceulaer, M Forbes, D Roper, G R Serjeant
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Arthritis in association with sickle cell disease was seen in 37 patients in a 21/2-year period. Cases of gout and of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were excluded. In 12 patients a non-inflammatory effusion occurred during the course of a painful crisis, in 12 patients an ankle effusion occurred in association with spontaneous development or deterioration of leg ulceration, and in 13 patients there was a group of miscellaneous arthritides. Ankle arthritis with leg ulceration has not been previously recognised, and its association with spontaneous ulceration, which is presumed to have a vaso-occlusive origin, is compatible with ischaemic synovial damage. The aetiology may therefore be similar to that believed to account for effusions in association with the painful crisis.
Can Determination of Circulating Endothelial Cells and Serum Caspase-Cleaved CK18 Predict for Response and Survival in Patients with Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Endostatin and Paclitaxel–Carboplatin Chemotherapy? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tian-Qing Chu, Hao Ding, David H. Garfield, Ai-Qin Gu, Jun Pei, Wei-Dong Du, Bao-Hui Han
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Mass male circumcision in poor settings is feasible, AIDS conference hears
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Programmes of mass circumcision of men could be scaled up rapidly in poor settings, delegates heard at the 19th international AIDS conference in Vienna last week.

Scaling up male circumcision to 80% of adult men and male newborns in eastern and southern Africa by 2015 could avert more than four million new infections of HIV between 2009 and 2025 and could save $20bn (£13bn; €15bn) in that period, experts said.

Krishna Jafa, director of HIV, tuberculosis, and reproductive health at the non-governmental organisation PSI (Population Services International), said, “With global resources spread thin, we must focus on expanding proven and cost effective methods, like male circumcision, to prevent HIV transmission.” 

Her comments echoed calls by Bill …
Airway Bypass Improves the Mechanical Properties of Explanted Emphysematous Lungs
Authors: Cliff K. Choong, Peter T. Macklem, John A. Pierce, Nitin Das, Barbara A. Lutey, Carlo O. Martinez, Joel D. Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: By creating artificial communications through bronchial walls into the parenchyma of explanted lungs (airway bypass), we expect to decrease the amount of gas trapped and to increase the rate and volume of air expelled during forced expirations.Objectives: To describe the mechanism by which airway bypass improves the mechanical properties of the emphysematous lung.Methods: Lung compartments and mechanics were measured before and after airway bypass, which was created by placement of three or four stent-suppported fenestrations in 10 emphysematous lungs removed at transplantation surgery.Measurements and Main Results: Minimal volume after passive deflation decreased by a mean of 1.54 L (range, 0.7–2.5 L) or 60% (range, 37–86%). Explanted VC increased by 1.30 L or 132% (range, 78–318%). Maximal expiratory flows and volumes increased. Flow resistance decreased.Conclusions: Because these data show that airway bypass improves the mechanics of breathing in severely emphysematous lungs in vitro, there is now strong empirical support that this procedure can improve ventilatory function in patients by reducing gas trapping and flow resistance.
Re: Sunao Shoji, Xian Yan Tang, Shinobu Umemura, et al. Metastin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Overexpression of Metastin Receptor. Eur Urol 2009;55:441–51
Authors: Ying Chen, Gyula Kovacs
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Modulating autoimmune responses to GAD inhibits disease progression and prolongs islet graft survival in diabetes–prone mice
Authors: Jide Tian, Michael Clere-Salzler, Alan Herschenfeld, Blake Middleton, Douglas Newman, Regula Mueller, Seiji Arita, Christopher Evans, Mark A. Atkinson, Yoko Mullen, Nora Sarvetnick, Allan J. Tobin, Paul V. Lehmann, Daniel L. Kaufman
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Normalization of Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Insulin-requiring Diabetes: The Role of Ethanol Abstention
Authors: Kenneth R Feingold, Marvin D Siperstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The long-term remission of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an unusual occurrence. The present report describes three cases of typical insulin-dependent diabetes in which the metabolic abnormalities greatly improved after the patients abstained from excessive ethanol intake. Our patients presented with polyuria, polydipsea, and weight loss of several weeks duration and laboratory studies revealed marked elevations in blood glucose concentrations and, in two of the three patients, mild ketosis. When these patients subsequently abstained from excessive ethanol intake, the elevations in blood glucose levels and the clinical symptoms of diabetes resolved. Two of our three patients have a strong family history of diabetes mellitus and we have therefore hypothesized that excessive ethanol intake only results in hyperglycemia in individuals with either an underlying predisposition to develop diabetes or mild unrecognized preexisting diabetes. It is important that clinicians recognize that excessive ethanol intake can lead to hyperglycemia and that abstention from ethanol may result in the marked improvement of the metabolic abnormalities.
Immune reconstitution in ADA-SCID after PBL gene therapy and discontinuation of enzyme replacement
Authors: Alessandro Aiuti, Sergio Vai, Alessandra Mortellaro, Giulia Casorati, Francesca Ficara, Grazia Andolfi, Giuliana Ferrari, Antonella Tabucchi, Filippo Carlucci, Hans D. Ochs, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Claudio Bordignon
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)