tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis Following Administration of Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: M. Barry Kirschenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE ADMINISTRATION of antimalarial drugs to patients with psoriasis may cause a marked exacerbation of the psoriasis, leading to exfoliative dermatitis. Drs. Ziprkowski, Haim, and Bank<sup>1</sup>first reported this observation in 1954 after administering 100 mg of quinacrine ( Atabrine) hydrochloride three times a day to nine patients with disseminated lesions of psoriasis. No additional topical or systemic treatment was used. Exfoliative dermatitis secondary to psoriasis developed in six of the nine patients. The psoriatic process exacerbated after 12 to 27 days of continuous daily treatment. The average latent period of only 21 days between institution of treatment and exacerbation of the psoriasis was much shorter than the 3 to 6 month period previously noted with quinacrine hydrochloride induced exfoliative dermatitis. The<i>Year-book of Dermatology</i><sup>2</sup>refers in a footnote to two similar cases of Drs. Sultzberger and Witten, in which exfoliative dermatitis resulted when patients with psoriasis were treated
Personal health budgets are good for the few but not for the many, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A researcher has questioned UK government claims that personal health budgets would significantly improve patient outcomes, saying that the evidence had been misrepresented.

Peter Beresford, a social policy professor who heads Brunel University’s Centre for Citizen Participation, said studies showed that a small number of people making the largest direct payments had been successful in meeting their needs and improving their quality of life.

But he said it was wrong to argue that this meant personal health budgets would work for most people as proposed.

“They tend to work for the most confident, assertive, more experienced and able people,” said Beresford. He said …
Mutations in nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection
Authors: Takeshi Murakami, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Masayuki Kurosaki, Namiki Izumi, Fumiaki Marumo, Chifumi Sato
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

An association has been reported between mutations in the amino acid residues 2209-2248 of the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) gene (interferon-sensitivity determining region [ISDR]) and interferon efficacy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-1b infection. This relationship was analyzed in chronic HCV-2 infection. Forty patients with HCV-2a and 35 with HCV-2b were treated with interferon alfa for 6 months with a total dose of 468 to 860 million units. Pretreatment NS5A sequences were determined by direct sequencing. A higher complete and sustained response rate was observed in HCV-2a than in HCV-2b (70% vs. 34%; P = .003). Serum HCV-RNA levels were lower in complete responders than nonresponders in HCV-2a ( P = .049) and HCV-2b ( P = .02). The number of amino acid mutations was greater in complete responders than nonresponders in NS5A2193-2228 (the region corresponding to the ISDR of HCV-1b) alone ( P = .049), or NS5A2163-2228 consisting of NS5A2193-2228 plus its upstream region ( P = .02) in HCV-2a, but not in HCV-2b. A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum HCV-RNA levels and the number of amino acid mutations in NS5A2193-2228 ( P = .003) or NS5A2163-2228 ( P = .005) in HCV-2a. With multivariate analysis, the number of substitutions in NS5A was an independent predictor for complete response in HCV-2a (odds ratio: 6.4; P = .03). Interferon efficacy is associated with amino acid variations in the NS5A protein in HCV-2a infection.
Asthma in the United States: burden and current theories.
Authors: Stephen C Redd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Asthma has emerged as a major public health problem in the United States over the past 20 years. Currently, nearly 15 million Americans have asthma, including almost 5 million children. The number of asthma cases has more than doubled since 1980. Approximately 5,500 persons die from asthma each year, and rates have increased over the past 20 years. Rates of death, hospitalization, and emergency department visits are 2-3 times higher among African Americans than among white Americans. The costs of asthma have also increased to 12.7 billion dollars in 1998. Both lifestyle and environmental hypotheses have been invoked to explain the increase in asthma prevalence. Several studies have examined the relationship of obesity and asthma and found associations suggesting that obesity predisposes to the development of asthma. Some studies have found that day care attendance and having older siblings protect against the development of asthma. This observation has led investigators to hypothesize that increased exposure to microbial agents might protect against asthma (the hygiene hypothesis). Environmental exposures found to predispose to asthma include house dust mite allergen and environmental tobacco smoke. Although current knowledge does not permit definitive conclusions about the causes of asthma onset, better adherence to current recommendations for medical therapy and environmental management of asthma would reduce the burden of this disease.
Hyperinsulinism Complicating Control of Diabetes Mellitus by an Artificial Beta-Cell
Authors: David L Horwitz, Adina Zeidler, Boas Gonen, Jonathan B Jaspan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Serum free insulin concentrations were measured in diabetic subjects given insulin intravenously by a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (“closed-loop” artificial beta-cell) in two experimental situations: hourly during the day while given their usual diet and at short intervals after administration of a standardized test meal. Three of four subjects showed sustained hyperinsulinism when compared with matched controls during a day on their usual diet. In two of the subjects, the insulin levels also exceeded those seen in those subjects on their usual dose of subcutaneous insulin. The glucose levels were not completely normalized in the three hyperinsulinemic subjects, and the insulin levels were significantly correlated with plasma glucose levels. After the test meal, all six diabetic subjects studied showed a delayed rise in insulin levels, when compared with six normal subjects, followed by an abrupt rise in insulin levels to peak levels more than seven times those seen in normal subjects. We conclude that significant hyperinsulinism may accompany feedback-controlled intravenous insulin administration. This should be considered in interpreting studies done with such systems, and in design of control algorithms for future systems.
Familial occurrence of complement dysfunction in Crohn's disease: correlation with intestinal symptoms and hypercatabolism of complement.
Authors: J Elmgreen, H Both, V Binder
Journal: Gut (1985)

Complement was studied in Crohn9s disease probands with early onset and in their first degree relatives. Controls included 24 healthy volunteers and 24 patients with ulcerative colitis or peptic ulcers. Subnormal generation of chemotactic activity by the alternative pathway was shown in eight of 21 probands and in six of 33 relatives, a frequency in both groups significantly different from controls (p less than 0.005), with a strong connection between findings in patients and relatives. As previously shown in patients with Crohn9s disease, the subnormal generation was related to decreased utilisation of complement C3 in relatives. Raised levels of circulating complement C3c split products suggested complement involvement in Crohn9s disease probands. In contrast, plasma C3c was normal in all relatives, and none of the six cases with complement dysfunction had gastrointestinal symptoms or a history of inflammatory bowel disease. Our data suggest, that complement abnormality seen in Crohn9s disease patients does not simply reflect mucosal inflammation or hypercatabolism of complement.
Book Review Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V Prepared by the Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council. 421 pp. Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1990. $35. Radiation-Induced Cancer from Low-Dose Exposure: An independent analysis By John W. Gofman. 480 pp. San Francisco, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility Book Division, 1990. $29.95.
Authors: G. Theodore Davis, André J. Bruwer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin.
Authors: I Y Adamson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis is associated with bleomycin administration to humans. The sequential reactions of lung cells to this drug have now been investigated in mice following injection of 20 mg/kg bleomycin twice per week for 4 to 8 weeks. Cytoplasmic and subendothelial edema was first observed in large vessels and by 4 weeks involved the capillaries. The reaction in many animals did not progress further than endothelial lesions with accumulation of interstitial edema. However, 30% of mice subsequently showed necrosis of type 1 epithelium with a fibrinous exudate in the alveoli. Fibroblastic organization of the fibrin resulted in the deposition of intraalveolar collagen as well as extensive septal fibrosis by 8 weeks. Epithelial repair, normally accomplished by type 2 cell proliferation and transformation to type 1 cells, is characterized in this case by division and metaplasia of type 2 cells. The metaplastic cells were, however, capable of DNA synthesis and probably of further cell division. The results indicate that the pulmonary endothelium is the initial site of injury. Extensive damage to these cells could allow the drug access to interstitial and epithelial cells. Focal necrosis of type 1 epithelium is the critical event that triggers the exudation of fibrin and the subsequent reparative processes.
Abstract 4865: Lack of efficacy of aerosolized resveratrol on B[A]P induced pulmonary adenoma formation in A/J mice.
Authors: Donna Seabloom, Art Gailbraith, Jenny Antonides, Beverly Wuertz, Lee Wattenberg, Frank G. Ondrey
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Natural products constitute an emerging class of compounds for carcinogenesis prevention in a variety of solid tumor malignancies. Resveratrol is a compound that has outstanding efficacy on cancer prevention in in vitro carcinogenesis models but rapid solubility and metabolism limits its efficacy in animal models when delivered in the diet. However, if regional or topical delivery could be achieved effects of first pass metabolism might be avoided. In the present study, we sought to use aerosol resveratrol to examine whether it could inhibit Benzpyrene inducd pulmonary adenoma formation in A/J mice. Eight groups of 24 mice were given Benzpyrene and aerosol resveratrol was started either one week or 8 weeks after the conclusion of the Benzpyrene. Aerosolized resveratrol (1.0, 0.3, and 0.1 mg/kg) was delivered 5x per week Monday through Friday for weeks 2- 15. At the conclusion of the experiment animals were sacrificed and adenomas counted. We found that the animals tolerated the aerosol resveratrol without toxicity and without weight differences between all groups. Animals formed between 9 and 12 adenomas, on average throughout all groups. There were no effects of aerosol resveratrol on either early stage or late stage carcinogenesis, nor were there any trends between the groups. We conclude that the high water solubility of resveratrol likely allowed for its rapid transit and metabolism through the bronchioles and lung parenchyma and that possibly chemical modifications of resveratrol that allow for its deposition in the lung fields in a way to increase its residence time would allow for better efficacy. Citation Format: Donna Seabloom, Art Gailbraith, Jenny Antonides, Beverly Wuertz, Lee Wattenberg, Frank G. Ondrey. Lack of efficacy of aerosolized resveratrol on B[A]P induced pulmonary adenoma formation in A/J mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4865. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4865
A Retrospective Analysis of VeriStrat Status on Outcome of a Randomized Phase II Trial of First-Line Therapy with Gemcitabine, Erlotinib, or the Combination in Elderly Patients (Age 70 Years or Older) with Stage IIIB/IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Joanna Roder, Amy H. Peterman, Julia Grigorieva, Carrie B. Lee, Dominic T. Moore, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract SY19-01: Integrating proteomic, transcriptional, epigenomic, and interactome data reveals the signaling changes induced by oncogenic mutations
Authors: Ernest Fraenkel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Proteomic technologies, next-generation sequencing and RNAi screens are providing increasingly detailed descriptions of the molecular changes that occur in diseases. However, it is difficult to assemble these data into a coherent picture that could lead to new therapeutic insights for several reasons. Despite their power, each of these methods still only captures a small fraction of the cellular response. Moreover, when different assays are applied to the same problem, they often provide apparently conflicting answers. We have developed powerful new approaches to integrate these data to identify small, functionally coherent pathways that underlie cellular behavior. In this talk, I will demonstrate how these methods can be applied to understand how oncogenic mutations alter signaling and transcription. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY19-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY19-01
Prolonged Survival in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia after Cytogenetic Response to Interferon-α Therapy
Authors: Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether a cytogenetic response after interferon-α therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia is independently associated with improved survival. Design: Retrospective analysis. Patients: 274 patients with a diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in early chronic phase who were treated with interferon-α-based programs between 1982 and 1990. Intervention: Therapy with daily subcutaneous interferon-α given at 5 × 106 U/m2 body surface area (highest dose schedule allowed on studies) or the maximally tolerated lower-dose schedule. Results: Overall, 219 (80%) patients achieved a complete hematologic response and 104 (38%) achieved a major cytogenetic response (<35% Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells). Estimated median survival was 89 months. Several pretreatment factors were associated with failure to achieve a major cytogenetic response and with worse survival. The existing prognostic models were generally predictive of which patients were likely to achieve a major cytogenetic response (P ≤ 0.01) and of survival outcomes (P ≤ 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified bone marrow basophilia (P < 0.01) and splenomegaly (P < 0.01) as independent poor prognostic factors for survival. Achievement of a major cytogenetic response, entered as a time-dependent variable while accounting for the other independent factors, was associated with improved survival (P < 0.001). Comparison of survival (dated from 12 months into therapy) with cytogenetic response at 12 months showed that a cytogenetic response was associated with longer survival (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Achieving a cytogenetic response with interferon-α therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia was independently associated with improved survival when tested as a time-dependent variable in a multivariate analysis, and this association was confirmed by landmark analysis at 12 months. *For members of the Leukemia Service, see Appendix.
Chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Y Sugiyama, T Kasahara, N Mukaida, K Matsushima, S Kitamura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a granulomatous interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of a variety of antigens and is characterized by a dramatic accumulation of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, in the lung. The mechanisms implicated in the inflammatory cell recruitment observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis are unknown. We examined the concentrations of two important chemokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF), in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 8), and compared them with those in patients with sarcoidosis (n = 13) and with controls (n = 8). In the BALF of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the levels both of IL-8 and MCP-1 were significantly increased compared with levels measured in control subjects. On the other hand, compared to the control value, the MCP-1 level in the BALF of the sarcoidosis patients was significantly increased, but IL-8 was only slightly and nonsignificantly increased. Since IL-8 is a chemoattractant for neutrophils and T-lymphocytes, whereas MCP-1 acts mainly on monocytes/macrophages, our findings may indicate that these two chemokines participate in the cellular accumulation observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Palestinian doctors can sit exam to practise in Israel, court rules
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Jerusalem district court has upheld a petition by 55 Palestinian doctors seeking to take licensing exams to allow them to practise in Israel—a route into the Israeli medical system that is open to foreign doctors.

The petitioners were medical graduates of Al-Quds University’s medical school in the West Bank who had been caught up in the long running dispute about the status of East Jerusalem. Because Al-Quds has satellite campuses inside Jerusalem, Israel’s government has refused to recognise its students as foreign trained, fearing that this would imply acceptance that East Jerusalem is not part of Israel.

The eastern part of the city, which is home …
Transepidermal chloride flux through hydrated skin: combination chloride electrode
Authors: DENNIS MARK ANJO, HOWARD MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

A combination chloride electrode was used to determine quantitatively the outward rate of epidermal chloride transport in vivo. Regional anatomical variation and the effects of topical agents and cellophane tape strippings on the rate of chloride diffusion were determined. Transepidermal chloride flux through hydrated skin appears to be an alternative method for determining stratum corneum function in vivo.
Book Review Ethical Problems in Dialysis and Transplantation (Developments in Nephrology. Vol. 33.) Edited by Carl M. Kjellstrand and John B. Dossetor. 235 pp., illustrated. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1992. $108.50. 0-7923-1625-8
Authors: Eli A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento, Birmingham. I: Unselective during second and third trimesters.
Authors: O A Viegas, P H Scott, T J Cole, H N Mansfield, P Wharton, B A Wharton
Journal: BMJ (1982)

At Sorrento Maternity Hospital Asian mothers whose babies had grown poorly in utero had anthropometric and biochemical evidence suggesting an inadequate nutritional state. To test this hypothesis further the effect of unselective dietary protein energy supplementation was studied. A total of 153 Asian mothers received one of three supplements from the 18th to 38th weeks of pregnancy: (a) vitamins only--vitamin C 30 mg daily, iron 3 mg daily; (b) energy--42-80 MJ; (10 000-19 000 kcal)/trimester, all from carbohydrate, plus vitamins; (c) protein energy--energy and vitamins as before, but with 5-11% of energy from milk protein. By the 28th week mothers receiving the protein energy supplement had put on more weight and more fat than the vitamin-only group. Neither protein energy nor energy supplementation alone enhanced intrauterine growth. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of all pregnant mothers does not enhance intrauterine growth.
Effect of Diabetes Intervention Programs on Physical Activity Among Migrant Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Montserrat Bacardí-Gascón, Perla Rosales-Garay, Arturo Jiménez-Cruz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the dietary guidelines for the control of diabetes in Mexico include recommendations that adults participate in at least 30 min of moderate physical activity, preferably daily (1,2). However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that explore the effect of diabetes intervention programs on physical activity among migrant Mexican women with type 2 diabetes.

All women from seven diabetes education groups from three different Mexican institutions located in Tijuana were invited to answer a previously validated questionnaire on physical activity. Of 111 questionnaires, 100 were …
Prevalence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a national cross-sectional cohort study of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Gene-Siew Ngian, Joanne Sahhar, Susanna M Proudman, Wendy Stevens, Ian P Wicks, Sharon Van Doornum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

To determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular risk factors in a well-characterised cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and to compare this with the general population.A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of CHD and cardiovascular risk factors in participants in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study was performed. Controls were drawn from the 2007-8 National Health Survey (NHS) and the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). OR and 95% CI were calculated to determine the prevalence of CHD and cardiovascular risk factors in SSc patients compared with controls.Data were available for 850 SSc patients (86% female), 15 787 NHS participants (53% female) and 8802 AusDiab participants (56% female). Adjusted for age and gender, the OR of CHD in SSc patients was 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.4) compared with controls from AusDiab and 2.0 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) compared with controls from the NHS. The OR of CHD increased to 3.2 (95% CI 2.3 to 4.5) for SSc patients compared with controls from AusDiab after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity were significantly less prevalent in the SSc cohort than in AusDiab. Within the SSc cohort, the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension was associated with CHD.This is the first report of an increased prevalence of CHD in SSc patients. Further studies are required to determine the relative contribution of scleroderma-specific factors such as microvascular disease to the development of CHD.
The association between infections and chemotherapy interruptions among cancer patients: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Taha, Inbal Vinograd, Ali Sakhnini, Noa Eliakim-Raz, Laura Farbman, Rina Baslo, Salomon M. Stemmer, Anat Gafter-Gvili, Leonard Leibovici, Mical Paul
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)