tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ebola response missions: To go or not to go? Cross-sectional study on the motivation of European public health experts, December 2014
Authors: U Rexroth, M Diercke, E Peron, C Winter, M an der Heiden, A Gilsdorf
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

We surveyed European infectious disease epidemiologists and microbiologists about their decisions to apply for Ebola response missions. Of 368 respondents, 49 (15%) had applied. Applicants did not differ from non-applicants in terms of age, sex or profession but had more training in field epidemiology and more international experience. Common concerns included lack of support from families and employers. Clearer terms of reference and support from employers could motivate application and support outbreak response in West Africa.
Streptococcus mutans endocarditis: beware of the 'diphtheroid'
Authors: S Schelenz, A J F Page, A M Emmerson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Streptococcus mutans, a major cause of dental caries and endocarditis, is easily dismissed by the inexperienced as a common non-pathogenic skin bacterial contaminant termed 'diphtheroid'. CASE HISTORYA man of 62 was admitted after three months of lethargy, malaise, night sweats and weight loss.Type 2 diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed at about the time these symptoms began and, on a home visit, his general practitioner had thought they were due to poor diabetic control.The patient had not experienced chest pain, cough, rigors or arthralgia.His medical history included a Ross procedure (pulmonary valve autograft to aortic position, pulmonary valve homograft) at age 35 for a congenital abnormality of the aortic valve.His medication was gliclazide and aspirin.On examination he was pyrexial (38.28C), and tachycardic.The principal abnormal physical sign was a mid-systolic murmur.There was no rash or splenomegaly.Haemoglobin was 11.6 g/L, white cell count 21.6610 9 /L (neutrophils 95%), C-reactive protein 72 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 94 mm/L, random blood glucose 13.1 mmol/L, HbA1c 9.6%.The initial diagnosis was hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.Because of his persistent pyrexia, a set of peripheral blood cultures was taken which became positive within 24 h showing Grampositive rods.Since a biochemical test for the identification
Associative learning alone is insufficient for the evolution and maintenance of the human mirror neuron system
Authors: Lindsay M. Oberman, Edward M. Hubbard, Joseph P. McCleery
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Cook et al. argue that mirror neurons originate from associative learning processes, without evolutionary influence from social-cognitive mechanisms. We disagree with this claim and present arguments based upon cross-species comparisons, EEG findings, and developmental neuroscience that the evolution of mirror neurons is most likely driven simultaneously and interactively by evolutionarily adaptive psychological mechanisms and lower-level biological mechanisms that support them.
A feasibility study of signed consent for the collection of patient identifiable information for a national paediatric clinical audit database
Authors: Patricia A McKinney, Samantha Jones, Roger Parslow, Nicola Davey, Mark Darowski, Bill Chaudhry, Charles Stack, Gareth Parry, Elizabeth S Draper
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To investigate the feasibility of obtaining signed consent for submission of patient identifiable data to a national clinical audit database and to identify factors influencing the consent process and its success. <b>Design</b> Feasibility study. <b>Setting</b> Seven paediatric intensive care units in England. <b>Participants</b> Parents/guardians of patients, or patients aged 12-16 years old, approached consecutively over three months for signed consent for submission of patient identifiable data to the national clinical audit database the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet). <b>Main outcome measures</b> The numbers and proportions of admissions for which signed consent was given, refused, or not obtained (form not returned or form partially completed but not signed), by age, sex, level of deprivation, ethnicity (South Asian or not), paediatric index of mortality score, length of hospital stay (days in paediatric intensive care). <b>Results</b> One unit did not start and one did not fully implement the protocol, so analysis excluded these two units. Consent was obtained for 182 of 422 admissions (43%) (range by unit 9% to 84%). Most (101/182; 55%) consents were taken by staff nurses. One refusal (0.2%) was received. Consent rates were significantly better for children who were more severely ill on admission and for hospital stays of six days or more, and significantly poorer for children aged 10-14 years. Long hospital stays and children aged 10-14 years remained significant in a stepwise regression model of the factors that were significant in the univariate model. <b>Conclusion</b> Systematically obtaining individual signed consent for sharing patient identifiable information with an externally located clinical audit database is difficult. Obtaining such consent is unlikely to be successful unless additional resources are specifically allocated to training, staff time, and administrative support.
Experimental trial of the tri-cycle pill
Authors: N. B Loudon, R V Short
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One assumes that the women were told of possible metabolic side effects from continuous intake of synthetic hormones, including amenorrhoea after stopping the regimen-as also can occur with the 12-week contraceptive injection.In view of the increasing incidence of postpill amenorrhoea following the monthly pill- taking regimen would it not have been more ethical in this experiment to have excluded women of parity 0 ?ELIZABETH ELLIOTT Wisbech, Cambs
The need for preclinical studies of combined modality systemic therapy plus radiotherapy
Authors: I. H. Kunkler
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s decision not to recommend abiaterone for men with advanced prostate cancer before chemotherapy, which was based on inadequate evidence of cost effectiveness, illustrates a common challenge for novel anticancer agents.1 Tension exists between the NHS obtaining value for money, patients obtaining access to new drugs, and …
Oral Administration of Solubilized Amphotericin B
Authors: Howard M. Kravetz, Vincent T. Andriole, Margret A. Huber, John P. Utz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE intravenous administration of the solubilized preparation of amphotericin B has proved to be an effective means of treating systemic fungal infections in man.1 , 2 This route of administration, however, is frequently attended by severe generalized reactions and localized irritation or frank phlebitis so that necessary long-term therapy may be difficult or impossible.Oral administration of the drug, employing nonsolubilized amphotericin B, has been tried, but this preparation has proved of limited value in systemic mycoses in man.3 Recently, Campbell and Hill4 have shown that the solubilized preparation for intravenous use, when given orally in drinking water, protected mice with experimental . . .
Leg length discrepancies in elite track and field athletes with stress fractures
Authors: Markos Kostopoulos, Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, Agapi Papalada
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyse the presence of leg length discrepancies in track and field athletes with stress fractures. Material-Methods During 1990–2007 we studied 88 track and field athletes (43 male 45 female) with lower limp stress fractures.The age of the athletes ranged from 18 to 30 years old. We estimated the anatomic leg length of each athlete and evaluated the connection between the injured leg and the asymmetry in lower limb length. Results From the total of 88 athletes 72 (82%) had anisomelia, 22 (31%) had R-leg anisomelia and 50 (69%) had L-leg anisomelia. Male were 43(49%) athletes and 45 athletes were female (51%). The 34 male athletes (79%) had anisomelia, 12 (35%) R-leg anisomelia and 22 (65%) L-leg anisomelia. The 84% (38 female athletes) had anisomelia, the 10 (26%) had R-leg anisomelia and the 28 (74%) had L-leg anisomelia. From the 72(82%), anisomelic athletes 23 (32%) had L-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture, 12 (17%) R-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture, 9 athletes (12%) L-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture and 23 (32%) had R-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture. From the 34 anisomelic male athletes (79%), 12 (35%) had L-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture, 8 (24%) R-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture, 3 athletes (9%) L-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture and 8 (29%) had R-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture. From the 38(84%) anisomelic female athletes, 11 (29%) had L-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture, 4 (10%) R-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture, 6 athletes (16%) L-leg anisomelia and (R) stress fracture and 13 (34%) had R-leg anisomelia and (L) stress fracture. Finally, from the 16 isomelic athletes (18%), 7 (43%) had (L) stress fracture and 9 (57%) had (R) stress fracture. From the nine isomelic male athletes (21%), two (22%) had (L) stress fracture and six (78%) had (R) stress fracture. From the 7 isomelic female athletes (16%), 5 (71%) had (L) stress fracture and 2 (29%) had (R) stress fracture. Conclusions Leg length anisomelia in athletes seems to increase the possibility of stress fractures. Sex % Anisomelia Isomelia Athletes 88 72 (82%) 16 (18%) Male 43 (49%) 34 (79%) 9 (21%) Female 45 (51%) 38 (84%) 7 (16%)
Building African AIDS Care from the Ground Up
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Current Clinical Issues15 July 2003Building African AIDS Care from the Ground UpJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The epicenter of AIDS activity in the early 1980s was San Francisco General Hospital, where Merle Sande, MD, was chief of medicine. The mystifying disease appeared at higher rates there than any place else in the United States, and Sande and his staff helped pioneer its clinical treatment. Within the next decade, physicians in the United States learned how to treat HIV infection and AIDS as pharmaceutical companies launched drugs that controlled the infection without curing it. Triple combination antiretroviral therapy, introduced in 1996, led to a 70% decrease in deaths from HIV/AIDS. But at the same time as these ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCost-effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in TaiwanTrends in professional advice to lose weight among obese adults, 1994 to 2000A catastrophe in the 21st century: the public health situation in South Africa following HIV/AIDS 15 July 2003Volume 139, Issue 2Page: 157-160KeywordsAcademic medicineAIDSAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviralsDrug pricesDrugsHealth careHIVHIV infectionsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 July 2003 Issue Published: 15 July 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Therapeutic Abortion A Follow-Up Study
Authors: A.B. Sclare, B.P. Geraghty
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Owing to the brevity of this article, detailed statistics do not appear but are available in the Scottish Medical Journal 16: 438–442 (1971). The study indicates that a history of previous psychiatric illness represents a significant criterion in recommending termination of pregnancy. When abortion was carried out, guilt reactions lasting up to three months did occur in almost 50% of cases but had resolved by the time of the two year follow-up. Patients who were refused termination of pregnancy eventually became reconciled to the decision in most instances but about one-third of the patients remained disturbed and resentful. Lastly, the group of patients who had their pregnancies terminated for medical rather than psychiatric reasons had a rather high incidence of regret and guilt about the abortion when they were seen at the two year follow-up.
Prevalence of known diabetes in an urban Indian environment: the Darya Ganj diabetes survey.
Authors: N P Verma, S P Mehta, S Madhu, H M Mather, H Keen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Une enquete recente revele une frequence elevee de diabete a Darya ganj, un faubourg tres peuple de New Delhi. Les nombres sont nettement superieurs a ceux trouves dans des etudes anterieurss (1975). Explications possibles: etat socio-economiques, survie plus prolongee des malades diabetiques mieux depistes et mieux traites, methode depistage plus efficace
Lister and the reputation robbing historians
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Salivary exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers facilitate repeated sampling, real-time disease monitoring and assessment of therapeutic response. This study identifies a single salivary exosomal miRNA prognosticator that will aid in improved patient outcome using a liquid biopsy approach. <h3>Method</h3> Small RNA and transcriptome sequencing profiles of tumour tissues and salivary exosomes from oral cancer patients were compared to their non-cancerous counterparts. We validated these results using the Cancer Genome Atlas database and performing Real-time PCR on a larger patient cohort. Potential target genes, miRNA-mRNA networks and enriched biological pathways regulated by this microRNA were identified using computational tools. <h3>Results</h3> Salivary exosomes (size: 30-50nm) demonstrated a strong expression of CD47 and detectable expression of tetraspanins CD63, CD81 and CD9 by flow cytometry. miR-1307-5p was exclusively overexpressed in tissues and salivary exosomes of oral cancer patients compared to their non-cancerous counterparts. Enhanced expression of miR-1307-5p clinically correlated with poor patient survival, disease progression, aggressiveness and chemo-resistance in these patients. Transcriptome analysis suggested that miRNA-1307-5p could promote oral cancer progression by suppressing <i>THOP1, EHF, RNF4, GET4</i>, and <i>RNF114</i>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Salivary exosomal miRNA-1307-5p is a potential prognosticator for predicting poor survival and poor patient outcome in oral cancers.
Prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 synthesis by peripheral leucocytes in alcoholics.
Authors: W J Maxwell, J J Keating, F P Hogan, N P Kennedy, P W Keeling
Journal: Gut (1989)

Alcohol inhibits phospholipase (PL) activity in a number of animal models. We have therefore measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), liberated by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils respectively in chronic alcoholics and in control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from alcoholics produced less PGE2 (p less than 0.01) and neutrophils produced less LTB4 (p less than 0.025). Reduced PGE2 production by PBMC of alcoholics was corrected by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid (p less than 0.005) whilst neutrophil LTB4 production remained lower in the alcoholics (p less than 0.01). Percutaneous liver biopsies were undertaken in the 20 alcoholics having abnormal liver function tests. Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis was lower in PBMC from patients with alcoholic hepatitis than with alcoholic cirrhosis (p less than 0.05). Analysis of PBMC fatty acid composition demonstrated that endogenous arachidonate and linoleate contents were not significantly different in alcoholics and controls. Cells from controls and alcoholics were incubated with 0, 50 and 150 mmol/l ethanol for two hours but there was no alteration in PGE2 or LTB4 biosynthesis. In summary, we found reduced eicosanoid production by peripheral leucocytes in alcoholics, supporting the hypothesis that chronic alcohol consumption either inhibits membrane bound phospholipase activity or enhances, alternatively, catabolism of eicosanoids. This phenomenon is more marked in alcoholic patients with hepatitis than in those with cirrhosis alone.
Cancer Research in the People's Republic of China and the United States of America: Epidemiology, Causation and New Approaches to Therapy
Authors: G. T. O'Conor
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is a collection of papers presented by selected American and Chinese investigators at the first Bilateral Conference on Cancer Research in the People's Republic of China and the United States, which was held at Columbia University on the fifth anniversary of the opening of the university's cancer center and the Julius Armand Hammer Health Sciences Center. These articles, for the most part, are reviews of ongoing or published work in the subject areas of special interest to the authors, for which, however, there also exists a strong bilateral interest and potential for collaborative research. In this sense, the meeting itself was probably of paramount importance. Nevertheless, the collection of articles does provide a useful perspective on cancer research in the United States and China. The references to the Chinese literature, as well as to the relevant western literature, which are included with all but one of the articles,
Commissioners must "dismantle existing NHS services as they see fit," doctors' leader says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Clinical commissioners in the reshaped NHS in England will need to become “demolition experts” to bring about the radical changes needed to tackle its daunting financial and public health challenges, the chairman of the NHS Alliance has declared.

In his keynote speech to the NHS Alliance’s conference in Bournemouth this week, Michael Dixon said that the new clinical commissioning groups must be given the freedom to redesign and if necessary dismantle existing services as they saw fit and to commission care from alternative providers if incumbent providers were not delivering.

He said that the NHS must think “ever bigger, wider, and more ambitious” …
The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers
Authors: M. Docherty, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Structure is the most difficult part of writing, no matter whether you are writing a novel, a play, a poem, a government report, or a scientific paper. If the structure is right then the rest can follow fairly easily, but no amount of clever language can compensate for a weak structure. Structure is important so that readers don't become lost. They should know where they've come from, where they are, and where they are headed. A strong structure also allows readers to know where to look for particular information and makes it more likely that all important information will be included.

Readers of scientific papers in medical journals are used to the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion)1 and either consciously or unconsciously know the function of each section. Readers have also become used to structured abstracts, which have been shown to include more important information than unstructured summaries. 2 3 Journals are now introducing specific structures for particular types of papers—such as the CONSORT structure for …
The Virtual Physician: The Flight Simulator of Medicine/ACLS Simulator
Authors: Charles G. Durbin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This CD-ROM produced by Churchill Livingstone medical publishers offers continuing medical education (CME) credit hours and an opportunity to review and practice resuscitation activities. The user interface is very hightech multimedia. A fast processor, sound card, CD-ROM drive, and at least 8 MB of RAM are necessary to fully appreciate the program's features.  The stated educational goal of The Virtual Physician is to simulate an actual patient sustaining a cardiac arrest in an emergency department setting. Although the effects are excellent, the simulation fails to be realistic. This is not a fault of the concept but a problem of the computer-student interface, which is limited by unrealistic actions of a mouse or any pointing device. The program is true to the learning goals of traditional advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) courses, emphasizing the use of initial defibrillation in ventricular fibrillation and reviewing the arrhythmia treatment algorithms.  The program offers several
Sacred Secrets — The Privacy of Medical Records
Authors: Charles A. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Whatsoever I shall see or hear concerning the life of men, in my attendance on the sick, or even apart therefrom, which ought not to be noised abroad, I will keep silence thereon, counting such things to be as sacred secrets.The Hippocratic OathPersonal medical information is far from private in the United States. Insurers use identifiable medical records for risk rating, employers use them for hiring and firing, health systems for quality assurance, pharmaceutical firms for marketing, banks for assessing loan risk, and the government for the detection of fraud. It is difficult to obtain health insurance without . . .
Reading the riot acts
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Have we learnt all that we should have done about the August riots?



The furniture store ablaze in Croydon. The burnt-out shell of the Carpetright building in Tottenham. As you read this, picture editors are rounding up these photographs for their end of year spreads. But, four months on, do we have a clue what the riots were about?

At the time, we were counselled against interpretation. The riots weren’t about race: white people were involved. They weren’t about poverty: not all the rioters were poor. It was simple criminality, and the answer was exemplary custodial sentences, which the judiciary obligingly handed out, in double quick time.

Once the last cell door has slammed shut on the last rioter, the formal proceedings will be over. There are no results of a public inquiry to look forward to, because the government has refused to hold one (unlike, say, Lord Scarman’s inquiry into the Brixton riots of 1981). Into this vacuum has stepped the small Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn, London.

The Tricycle has shot to prominence through its verbatim plays. These dramatise the transcripts of inquiries such as those into the death of David Kelly and the shootings of Bloody Sunday. Without transcripts to dramatise this time around, the Tricycle commissioned a play from Gillian Slovo, which she based on interviews with a wide range of players. The …
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN BRONCHITIS AND PHTHISIS.
Authors: Thomas N. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read to the Section on Practice of Medicine, Materia Medica, etc., June, 1883.] An abnormal condition of the alimentary canal and necessarily of the portal and lacteal systems proceeding from it, is often the predisposing cause of both acute and chronic affections throughout all parts of the entire respiratory apparatus. But speaking here only of bronchitis and phthisis, and first of bronchitis, we may say that acute tracheobronchitis is frequently produced by excess in the dietary, with proportionately incomplete waste elimination. Of course there is generally an exciting factor, most commonly chilling of the surface, but that relating to ingestion and elimination is in the mass of cases to which we refer—the great underlying principal cause, which only needed some slight provocation to produce an attack. An unusual general fullness of the blood-vessels renders the body more susceptible to local congestions; and when, added to the fullness there is the