tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Premature Atrial Stimulation as a Key to the Understanding of Sinoatrial Conduction in Man
Authors: HAROLD C. STRAUSS, ALAN L. SAROFF, J. T. BIGGER, ELSA GRACE V. GIARDINA
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Since recording potentials directly from the sinoatrial node (SAN) is not yet possible, the electrophysiologic evaluation of this structure in intact human subjects must be accomplished with indirect technics. Two technics have been used to study SAN function in man: premature atrial stimulation (PAS) and rapid atrial pacing. Recent discussions of data using these technics have emphasized their role in determining SAN automaticity, but their role in evaluating conduction from atrium to SAN or SAN to atrium has not been fully explored. Using the technic of PAS, we have studied five patients with sinus bradycardia and symptoms of dizziness or syncope. Our analysis of the results obtained from these studies discloses the unique ability of this technic to evaluate conduction into and out of the SAN. An atrial premature depolarization (APD) elicited late in atrial diastole is followed by a compensatory pause (nonreset of the SAN pacemaker). An APD elicited earlier in atrial diastole is followed by a pause that is less than compensatory (SAN reset). From these responses estimates of sinoatrial conduction time were made. In one patient reset was never seen, suggesting markedly prolonged sinoatrial conduction. With these results in mind, the literature was reviewed and an alternate interpretation posed for existing data. PAS is not only a means of determining SAN automaticity, but also a very useful means of unmasking sinoatrial conduction abnormalities.
New development of an existing approach to health in Wales
Authors: S. A. Smail, M. Aylward, C. Clowes, T. Rose, J. Spence, G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We fully support Fletcher’s arguments for a “health in all policies” approach in Wales.1 Although the South Australian model to which he refers may offer interesting lessons, the consultation on a public health bill in Wales is the latest stage in a long process of public health policy development, the history of which has been recently documented.2 We were therefore surprised to see no reference …
Gradwohl's Legal Medicine
Authors: Elliot M. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The late Dr Camps, formerly Professor Emeritus of Forensic Medicine at the University of London, edited the second edition of this text in 1968, but died before the third edition could be completed. Robinson and Lucas, both of London, completed the edition and in their preface expressed their intention to preserve it as a "multiauthored" encyclopedic reference text on medicolegal problems. This essentially British work, with 36 contributors, is in eight parts: historical and general law; examination and identification of the living and the dead; death, injury, and disease; the medicolegal aspects of medical treatment; mental health; alcohol and crime, medicolegal aspects of drugs; and "late extra U. K." (three pages of 1975 abstracts). In the new revision, articles on operational deaths and anesthetics have been combined and the order of the toxicology sections rearranged. Absent are the detailed chapter on paternity testing and the passages on individual state laws
Corrigendum: Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects identifies susceptibility loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54
Authors: Li-Dong Wang, Fu-You Zhou, Xue-Min Li, Liang-Dan Sun, Xin Song, Yan Jin, Jiang-Man Li, Guo-Qiang Kong, Hong Qi, Juan Cui, Lian-Qun Zhang, Jie-Zhi Yang, Ji-Lin Li, Xing-Chuan Li, Jing-Li Ren, Zhi-Cai Liu, Wen-Jun Gao, Ling Yuan, Wu Wei, Yan-Rui Zhang, Wei-Peng Wang, Ilyar Sheyhidin, Feng Li, Bao-Ping Chen, Shu-Wei Ren, Bin Liu, Dan Li, Jian-Wei Ku, Zong-Min Fan, Sheng-Li Zhou, Zhi-Gang Guo, Xue-Ke Zhao, Na Liu, Yong-Hong Ai, Fang-Fang Shen, Wen-Yan Cui, Shuang Song, Tao Guo, Jing Huang, Chao Yuan, Jia Huang, Yue Wu, Wen-Bin Yue, Chang-Wei Feng, Hong-Lei Li, Yan Wang, Jin-Ya Tian, Yue Lu, Yi Yuan, Wen-Liang Zhu, Min Liu, Wen-Jing Fu, Xia Yang, Han-Jing Wang, Suo-Li Han, Jie Chen, Min Han, Hai-Yan Wang, Peng Zhang, Xiu-Min Li, Jin-Cheng Dong, Guo-Lan Xing, Ran Wang, Ming Guo, Zhi-Wei Chang, Hai-Lin Liu, Li Guo, Zhi-Qing Yuan, Hai Liu, Qin Lu, Liu-Qin Yang, Fu-Guo Zhu, Xiu-Feng Yang, Xiao-Shan Feng, Zhou Wang, Yin Li, She-Gan Gao, Qirenwang Qige, Long-Tang Bai, Wen-Jun Yang, Guang-Yan Lei, Zhong-Ying Shen, Long-Qi Chen, En-Min Li, Li-Yan Xu, Zhi-Yong Wu, Wei-Ke Cao, Jian-Po Wang, Zhi-Qin Bao, Ji-Li Chen, Guang-Cheng Ding, Xiang Zhuang, Ying-Fa Zhou, Hou-Feng Zheng, Zheng Zhang, Xian-Bo Zuo, Zi-Ming Dong, Dong-Mei Fan, Xin He, Jin Wang, Qi Zhou, Qin-Xian Zhang, Xin-Ying Jiao, Shi-Yong Lian, Ai-Fang Ji, Xiao-Mei Lu, Jin-Sheng Wang, Fu-Bao Chang, Chang-Dong Lu, Zhi-Guo Chen, Jian-Jun Miao, Zeng-Lin Fan, Ruo-Bai Lin, Tai-Jiang Liu, Jin-Chang Wei, Qing-Peng Kong, Yu Lan, Yu-Jing Fan, Fu-Sheng Gao, Tian-Yun Wang, Dong Xie, Shu-Qing Chen, Wan-Cai Yang, Jun-Yan Hong, Liang Wang, Song-Liang Qiu, Zhi-Ming Cai, Xue-Jun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
ICAM-1 antisense oligodesoxynucleotides prevent reperfusion injury and enhance immediate graft function in renal transplantation
Authors: Duska Dragun, Stefan G. Tullius, Joon Keun Park, Christian Maasch, Ivo Lukitsch, Andrea Lippoldt, Volkmar Groß, Friedrich C. Luft, Hermann Haller
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Control of Tuberculosis
Authors: Robert Carlen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The third part of the answer on tuberculosis control in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (238:1668, 1977) may, I fear, be misleading. If the skin test converts from negative to positive, a chest x-ray examination must be done; only after active tuberculosis is excluded should a year of isoniazid prophylaxis be advised. If the x-ray film shows tuberculosis, then multiple drug therapy is indicated.
Efficacy of Cetuximab in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Might Depend on EGFR and PTEN Expression: Results from a Phase II Trial (SAKK 08/07)
Authors: Richard Cathomas, Christian Rothermundt, Dirk Klingbiel, Lukas Bubendorf, Rolf Jaggi, Daniel C. Betticher, Peter Brauchli, Denise Cotting, Cornelia Droege, Ralph Winterhalder, Daniele Siciliano, Dominik R. Berthold, Miklos Pless, Ralph Schiess, Roger von Moos, Silke Gillessen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The EGF receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) and might represent a valid therapeutic target. The combination of docetaxel and cetuximab, the monoclonal antibody against EGFR, has not been tested in patients with prostate cancer.Patients with mCRPC progressing during or within 90 days after at least 12 weeks of docetaxel were included in this phase II trial. Treatment consisted of docetaxel (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks or 35 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15 every 4 weeks) in combination with cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) on day 1 and then 250 mg/m(2) weekly). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks defined as the absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), radiographic, or clinical progression. Evaluation of known biomarkers of response and resistance to cetuximab (EGFR, PTEN, amphiregulin, epiregulin) was conducted.Thirty-eight patients were enrolled at 15 Swiss centers. Median age was 68 years and median PSA was 212 ng/mL. PFS at 12 weeks was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI), 19%-52%], PFS at 24 weeks was 20%, and median overall survival (OS) was 13.3 months (95% CI, 7.3-15.4). Seven patients (20%) had a confirmed ≥ 50% and 11 patients (31%) a confirmed ≥ 30% PSA decline. About 47% of enrolled patients experienced grade 3 and 8% grade 4 toxicities. A significantly improved PFS was found in patients with overexpression of EGFR and persistent activity of PTEN.EGFR inhibition with cetuximab might improve the outcome of patients with mCRPC. A potential correlation between EGFR overexpression, persistent expression of PTEN, and EGFR inhibition should be investigated further.
Incidence and management of shoulder injuries in premier league professional football players
Authors: C Pritchard, S Mills, L Funk, P Batty
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Shoulder injuries in football are less common than lower limb injuries, but are often more serious than many other injuries and result in a longer time off play. No study has looked at the types of injuries and their interventions in professional footballers thus far. The aim was to review the serious shoulder injuries sustained in professional football over a period of four competitive seasons. Anonymous data was collected on all shoulder injuries claimed for from all English Premiership Football teams over four seasons. This data only applied to injuries that were claimed on health insurance from professional football clubs in the United Kingdom. It excluded minor injuries that did not require investigations or interventional treatment. There were 40 466 injury claims of which 3.3% were shoulder injuries (1335). This was equivalent to an average of 445 serious shoulder injuries per year. The percentage of shoulder injuries (injuries per year / total shoulder injuries) increased from 35% in the 2006–2007 season to 89% in the 2009–2010 season. There was also a steady increase in the number of MRI scans and injections, but not with MR arthrograms. There was an increase in the number of surgical interventions during the same time period. The vast majority of surgical procedures were arthroscopic stabilisations (26%) and labral repairs (23%). Stabilisations increased from 15% in 07–08 to 39% in 09–10 whereas the percentage of labral repairs has remained unchanged throughout. The incidences of significant shoulder injuries and surgery have increased in professional football. The majority of the surgery has been labral and stabilisation surgery. Further investigation is required to examine the causes for these trends and possible injury reduction.
Atrophy of Leydig cells in the testes of men with longstanding chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Authors: J R Gosney
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The total volume of Leydig cells in the testes of men coming to necropsy with a history of chronic bronchitis and emphysema of at least 15 years9 duration, and with morphological evidence at necropsy of the cardiopulmonary effects of hypoxia, was significantly less than the volume in matched controls (0.98 (SD 0.39) and 0.93 (0.42) ml v 1.66 (0.54) and 1.72 (0.52) ml for left and right testes respectively; p less than 0.005). This atrophy may be a consequence of hypoxic inhibition of pituitary synthesis or release of luteinising hormone.
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURES OF HEALTHY ADULTS IN RELATION TO BODY WEIGHT
Authors: EDWARD G. HUBER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This study was undertaken largely because of the general interest which the subject of overweight is now attracting, but also in order to compare data obtained in the southeastern part of the United States with somewhat similar data recorded in the Philippine Islands by Siler.<sup>1</sup>In the latter review the statement is made that there is a significant correlation between underweight and low systolic blood pressures on the one hand, and overweight and high systolic blood pressures on the other. In a brief statement as to the results of the annual examinations of 12,000 army officers in 1923,<sup>2</sup>the conclusion is also reached that there is a significant correlation between overweight and arterial hypertension. The data that form the basis for the present study were largely obtained from the reports of physical examinations of 1,332 officers, field clerks and warrant officers of the fourth corps area (comprising the
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine
Authors: John H. Lossing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 December 1994Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and SpineJohn H. LossingJohn H. LossingSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The American College of Physicians' position paper on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine [1] fails to mention several clinical disease processes that require MRI for diagnostic clarification.The article states, for example, that neither computed tomography (CT) nor MRI is helpful for patients with typical Alzheimer disease. It implies that a plain CT scan is sufficient to rule out mass lesions. Although this is true, only MRI can establish the diagnosis of Binswanger subcortical dementia. Similarly, the periventricular hydrocephalic edema seen with normal-pressure hydrocephalus is easily detected by MRI but not by CT.... Reference1. American College of Physicians. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine: a revised statement. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:872-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 896-898 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Caval Contribution to Flow in the Branch Pulmonary Arteries of Fontan Patients With a Novel Application of Magnetic Resonance Presaturation Pulse
Authors: Mark A. Fogel, Paul M. Weinberg, Jack Rychik, Anne Hubbard, Marshall Jacobs, Thomas L. Spray, John Haselgrove
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —A complete understanding of fluid mechanics in Fontan physiology includes knowledge of the caval contributions to right (RPA) and left (LPA) pulmonary arterial blood flow, total systemic venous return, and relative blood flow to each lung. Methods and Results —Ten Fontan patients underwent cine MRI. Three cine scans of the pulmonary arteries were performed: (1) no presaturation pulse, (2) a presaturation pulse labeling inferior vena cava (IVC) blood (signal void), and (3) a presaturation pulse labeling superior vena cava (SVC) blood. The relative signal decrease is proportional to the amount of blood originating from the labeled vena cava. This method was validated in a phantom. Whereas 60±6% of SVC blood flowed into the RPA, 67±12% of IVC blood flowed toward the LPA. Of the blood in the LPA and RPA, 48±14% and 31±17%, respectively, came from the IVC. IVC blood contributed 40±16% to total systemic venous return. The distributions of blood to each lung were nearly equal (RPA/LPA blood=0.94±11). Conclusions —In Fontan patients with total cavopulmonary connection, SVC blood is directed toward the RPA and IVC blood is directed toward the LPA. Although the right lung volume is larger than the left, an equal amount of blood flow went to both lungs. LPA blood is composed of equal amounts of IVC and SVC blood because IVC contribution to total systemic venous return is smaller than that of the SVC. This technique and these findings can help to evaluate design changes of the systemic venous pathway to improve Fontan hemodynamics.
Morphology of Atrial Myocardial Extensions Into Human Caval Veins
Authors: Ivana Kholová, Josef Kautzner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be triggered from arrhythmogenic foci originating from atrial muscular sleeves that extend into the caval veins (CVs). The aim of this anatomic study was to evaluate both the extent and arrangement of atrial myocardial fibers in CVs in subjects with and without a history of AF. Methods and Results— Twenty-five human autopsied hearts (15 men; mean age, 65.5±12 years; range, 39 to 80 years) were studied. Seven subjects had a previous history of AF. The presence and morphology of atrial myocardial extensions were studied microscopically in both CVs. Such extensions were found in 38 of 50 CVs (76%). Their average length in the superior vena cava reached 13.7±13.9 mm (maximum, up to 47 mm) and in the inferior vena cava, 14.6±16.7 mm (maximum, up to 61 mm). The thickness of atrial myocardium extending into the CVs was 1.2±1.0 mm (maximum, 4 mm) for the superior vena cava and 1.2±0.9 mm for the inferior vena cava (maximum, 3 mm). The majority of myocardial extensions revealed discontinuous and circular patterns. Degenerative changes were found in approximately half of the subjects. There was no significant difference between patients with and without a history of AF. Conclusions— Atrial myocardial extensions into both CVs are present in the majority of human beings, both with and without a history of AF. The extensions are localized on the outer side of venous adventitia. Arrangement, length, and thickness of myocardial sleeves onto the CVs vary individually, and many of them contain degenerative changes.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Investigation of liver and biliary disease
Authors: I J Beckingham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Jaundice is the commonest presentation of patients with liver and biliary disease. The cause can be established in most cases by simple non-invasive tests, but many patients will require referral to a specialist for management. Patients with high concentrations of bilirubin (>100 μmol/l) or with evidence of sepsis or cholangitis are at high risk of developing complications and should be referred as an emergency because delays in treatment adversely affect prognosis.



Bilirubin pathway



Hyperbilirubinaemia is defined as a bilirubin concentration above the normal laboratory upper limit of 19 μmol/l. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin becomes visible within the sclera, skin, and mucous membranes, at a blood concentration of around 40 μmol/l. Jaundice can be categorised as prehepatic, hepatic, or posthepatic, and this provides a useful framework for identifying the underlying cause.

Around 3% of the UK population have hyperbilirubinaemia (up to 100 μmol/l) caused by excess unconjugated bilirubin, a condition known as Gilbert's syndrome. These patients have mild impairment of conjugation within the hepatocytes. The condition usually becomes apparent only during a transient rise in bilirubin concentration (precipitated by fasting or illness) that results in frank jaundice. Investigations show an isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with normal liver enzyme activities and reticulocyte concentrations. The syndrome is often familial and does not require treatment.

In prehepatic jaundice, excess unconjugated bilirubin is produced faster than the liver is able to conjugate it for excretion. The liver can excrete six times the normal daily load before bilirubin concentrations in the plasma rise. Unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble and is not excreted in the urine. It is most commonly due to increased haemolysis—for example, in spherocytosis, homozygous sickle cell disease, or thalassaemia major—and patients are often anaemic with splenomegaly. The cause can usually be determined by further haematological tests (red cell film for reticulocytes and abnormal red cell …
Abstract 4259: Preclinical anti-tumor study of henatinib, a novel and selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2 in phase I clinical trials
Authors: Haitian Quan, Xie Chengying, Yongping Xu, Lou Liguang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling represents a promising therapeutic approach to solid malignancies. Here, we demonstrated that henatinib, a selective VEGFR-2/KDR inhibitor, exhibited potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. Henatinib inhibited the activity of VEGFR-2, c-kit, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ with IC50 values of 0.6 nM, 3.3 nM and 41.5 nM, respectively. Henatinib significantly inhibited VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and its downstream signal pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and consistently inhibited VEGF-stimulated HUVEC proliferation, migration and tubule formation, and micro-vessels spouting from matrigel-embedded rat aortic rings. In vivo, henatinib exhibited broad and potent anti-tumor activity, leading to regression or growth arrest of various established xenografts derived from human tumor cell lines. In summary, preclinical data indicate that henatinib is a novel and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor with potent in vivo anti-tumor activity. Henatinib is currently in phase I clinical trials in China. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4259
Cough Syncope Treated With a Long-term Vasoconstrictor
Authors: Kul D. Chadda
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Report of a Case.—  A 74-year-old obese man with a history of smoking, bronchitis, and frequent nonproductive cough was admitted to the hospital with a three-month history of dizziness, presyncope, and syncope during and immediately following coughing bouts. His blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg; there was no postural hypotension. He had an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, and scattered rhonchi were heard over both lung fields. Other acute or chronic illnesses were ruled out as cause for syncope. Results of biochemical and hematological examinations were normal. Chest roentgenogram showed flattening of the diaphragm and hyperinflated lung fields. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, a PR interval at 0.22 s, and a left anterior hemiblock. Infrequent episodes of sinus bradycardia ranging between 45 and 60 beats per minute reported during cough spells were noted on the monitor. Electrophysiologic study results were normal. Hemodynamic findings were abnormal, with a pulmonary artery