tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
359 The systemic blockade of the VEGF receptor FLK-1/KDR by an adenovirus encoding a dominant negative receptor fragment is more effective than the intratumoral vector application in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor model in mice
Authors: V. Schmitz, C. Dzienisowicz, T. Hilbert, E. Raskopf, M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona, C. Rabe, T. Sauerbruch, W.H. Caselmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The Role of the Cancer Center When Using Lymph Node Count as a Quality Measure for Gastric Cancer Surgery
Authors: John W. Morgan, Liang Ji, Garrett Friedman, Maheswari Senthil, Crickett Dyke, Sharon S. Lum
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Cancer center recognition, offered as accreditation by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer or the National Cancer Institute, and quality measure reporting purport to improve the quality of cancer care. For surgically resectable gastric cancer, removal of 15 or more lymph nodes has been associated with improved outcomes and has been endorsed as a gastric cancer quality measure.To determine whether cancer center classification is associated with compliance with the lymph node-count quality measure and the effect of compliance with the measure on overall survival.A retrospective review of prospectively collected population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry of Greater California and California Cancer Registry was conducted. Participants included patients who underwent surgery for stage I to III gastric adenocarcinoma between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2010.Compliance with removal of 15 or more lymph nodes and overall survival.Of 3321 gastric cancer cases, 42.3% had a minimum of 15 lymph nodes removed. Hospitals with cancer program recognition treated 69.9% of the cases. In hospitals without cancer program approval, 34.8% of the patients had 15 or more lymph nodes removed compared with 45.5% in the facilities with cancer program approval. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients undergoing gastrectomy had significantly higher odds of having 15 or more lymph nodes removed if they were younger (trend P < .001), Asian/other race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03-1.50), or non-Hispanic black (AOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.82) compared with non-Hispanic white, received diagnosis at a progressively higher stage (trend P < .001), or received diagnosis in a more recent year (trend P < .001). Removal of 15 or more lymph nodes was associated with cancer program recognition (vs no recognition) (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.25-1.74). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that improved survival was predicted by removal of 15 or more lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63-0.78) but not by cancer program recognition (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92-1.15).Although adequate lymph node retrieval is more likely in hospitals with a recognized cancer program, survival outcome is associated with the lymph node count rather than with cancer program classification. Less than half of the cases reviewed in this study met the minimum lymph node-count guideline, indicating the need for process improvement for all hospitals.
Genetic Determinant for Amino Acid Metabolites and Changes in Body Weight and Insulin Resistance in Response to Weight-Loss Diets
Authors: Min Xu, Qibin Qi, Jun Liang, George A. Bray, Frank B. Hu, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Circulating branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were recently related to insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in prospective cohorts. We tested the effects of a genetic determinant of branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid ratio on changes in body weight and insulin resistance in a 2-year diet intervention trial. Methods and Results— We genotyped the branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid ratio—associated variant rs1440581 near the PPM1K gene in 734 overweight or obese adults who were assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient content. At 6 months, dietary fat significantly modified genetic effects on changes in weight, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after adjustment for the confounders (all P for interaction ≤0.006). Further adjustment for weight change did not appreciably change the interactions for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. In the high-fat diet group, the C allele was related to less weight loss and smaller decreases in serum insulin and HOMA-IR (all P ≤ 0.02 in an additive pattern), whereas an opposite genotype effect on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR was observed in the low-fat diet group ( P =0.02 and P =0.04, respectively). At 2 years, the gene-diet interactions remained significant for weight loss ( P =0.008) but became null for changes in serum insulin and HOMA-IR resulting from weight regain. Conclusions— Individuals carrying the C allele of the branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid ratio—associated variant rs1440581 may benefit less in weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity than those without this allele when undertaking an energy-restricted high-fat diet. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00072995.
Hepatitis B virus cccDNA clearance: Killing for curing?
Authors: Maura Dandri, Jorg Petersen, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Chronic hepadnavirus infections cause liver damage with ongoing death and regeneration of hepatocytes. In the present study, we set out to quantify the extent of liver turnover by measuring the clonal proliferation of hepatocytes by using integrated viral DNA as a genetic marker for individual hepatocyte lineages. Liver tissue from woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection was assayed for randomly integrated viral DNA by using inverse PCR. Serial endpoint dilution of viral-cell junction fragments into 96-well plates, followed by nested PCR and DNA sequencing, was used to determine the copy number of specific viral cell junctions as a measure of the clonal distribution of infected cell subpopulations. The results indicated that the livers contained a minimum of 100,000 clones of >1,000 cells containing integrated DNA, representing at least 0.2% of the hepatocyte population of the liver. Because cells with integrated WHV DNA comprised only 1-2% of total liver cells, it is likely that the total number of clones far exceeds this estimate, with as much as one half of the liver derived from high copy clones of >1,000 cells. It may be inferred that these clones have a strong selective growth or survival advantage. The results provide evidence for a large amount of hepatocyte proliferation and selection having occurred during the period of chronic WHV infection (approximately 1.5 years) in these animals.
HIV-1 Nef-Induced Upregulation of DC-SIGN in Dendritic Cells Promotes Lymphocyte Clustering and Viral Spread
Authors: Nathalie Sol-Foulon, Arnaud Moris, Cinzia Nobile, Claire Boccaccio, Anneke Engering, Jean-Pierre Abastado, Jean-Michel Heard, Yvette van Kooyk, Olivier Schwartz
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Pharmacologic activation of the human coronary microcirculation in vitro: endothelium-dependent dilation and differential responses to acetylcholine
Authors: F Miller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

In vivo studies of the human coronary resistance circulation cannot control for indirect effects of myocardial metabolism, compression, and neurohumoral influences. This study directly examined the vasodilator responses of the human coronary microcirculation to both receptor-dependent and -independent agonists.Atrial arterioles were dissected from human right atrial appendage (103 +/- 2 microns diameter, n = 185 vessels from 145 patients) obtained at the time of cardiopulmonary bypass and left ventricular vessels from explanted human hearts (148 +/- 10 microns diameter, n = 57 vessels from 18 patients). After dissection, vessels were mounted onto pipettes in Kreb's buffer under conditions of zero flow and at a constant distending pressure of 60 mmHg. Drugs were applied extraluminally and steady state changes in diameter measured with videomicroscopy.After contraction by endothelin or spontaneous tone, increasing concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) produced a similar dose-dependent dilation in vessels from atria (maximum 89 +/- 4%, n = 76) and ventricles (maximum 74 +/- 9%, n = 10). The dilation to ADP was abolished by mechanical removal of the endothelium. Similar dilator responses were found to bradykinin, substance P, arachidonic acid, and the calcium ionophore A23187 in both atria and ventricle. In contrast, acetylcholine (ACh) constricted all atrial vessels (-58 +/- 3%, n = 63) regardless of patient age or underlying disease. This constriction was attenuated by denudation, but not affected by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or cyclo-oxygenase. Microvessels isolated from human ventricle exhibited a heterogeneous response to ACh with dilation being the predominant response.We conclude that isolated human coronary arterioles demonstrate endothelium-dependent dilation. However, the response to acetylcholine is unique with vasoconstriction in atrial vessels and dilation in ventricular arterioles.
Increased angiotensin converting enzyme activity in left ventricular aneurysm of patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Hokimoto, H. Yasue, K. Fujimoto, R. Sakata, E. Miyamoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to improve left ventricular dysfunction and survival in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to examine the ACE activity in infarcted tissues in such patients in comparison with non-diseased tissues from control subjects obtained at necropsy. Methods: ACE activity was measured in the left ventricles and right atrial auricles of patients (n = 9) with chronic myocardial infarction obtained at left ventricular aneurysmectomy, and in the hearts of control subjects at necropsy (n = 10). Results: In non-diseased hearts, the ACE activity was highest in right atria and auricles [2.4(SEM 0.2), 2.2(0.3) nmol · mg−1 protein · min−1, NS, respectively], followed by left atria [1.7(0.2)], left auricles [1.5(0.1)], right ventricles [1.0(0.2)], and left ventricles [0.5(0.1)]. The ACE activity was significantly increased in aneurysmal tissues of patients with chronic myocardial infarction relative to left ventricles of control subjects [4.2(0.4) v 0.5(0.1) nmol · mg−1 protein · min−1, P < 0.01]. There was, however, no difference in the ACE activity of right atrial auricles between patients with chronic myocardial infarction and control subjects [2.8(0.5) v 2.2(0.3), NS]. In patients with chronic myocardial infarction, the ACE activity was higher in left ventricles than in right auricles (P < 0.01). The ACE activities in the infarcted and control ventricles were negatively correlated with the membrane protein content (r = −0.77, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In nondiseased human hearts, the ACE activity is higher in atria than in ventricles and higher in the right than in the left ventricle. Furthermore, the ACE activity in aneurysmal left ventricular tissue after myocardial infarction is higher than in nondiseased left ventricular myocardium. These results suggest that the local ACE in the human heart may play an important role in the pathophysiological state after myocardial infarction.
THE "OPEN METHOD" TREATMENT OF CANCER.
Authors: W. D. WITHERBEE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In improvising this method an effort has been made to utilize three fundamental principles which are recognized as the best that modern medicine affords for the treatment of this class of cases. First, enucleation of the ulcer or, if it be a case of tumor and involved lymphatic glands, the complete removal of both glands and tumor; second, drainage accomplished by leaving the wound wide open and allowing it to heal by granulation instead of closing the skin over and obtaining union by first intention; third, treatment of the open wound with the Roentgen ray. The details of this method are carried out as follows: The patient is prepared for operation in the usual manner, with one exception. Instead of scrubbing the site of the operation a soap poultice or plain antiseptic dressing is applied and left until the patient is anesthetized. The reason for not scrubbing is that any
Changes in the microcirculation in slow and fast skeletal muscles with long term limitations of blood supply
Authors: J. M Dawson, O. Hudlicka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – Long term limitation of blood flow leads to decreased muscle performance and to damage, particularly in predominantly oxidative muscles. This study was performed to assess to what extent such damage can be explained by changes in microcirculation in capillaries supplying glycolytic or oxidative muscle fibres. Design – Velocity and intermittency of flow, capillary diameters and proportion of adhering leucocytes were measured in capillaries in the epi-illuminated superficial glycolytic layer of rat tibialis anterior and in oxidative soleus muscles five weeks after ligation of the common iliac artery. Experimental material – Male Sprague Dawley rats (∼350 g) were used, under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Measurements and results – Pressure in the saphenous artery, distal to the ligation site, recovered to 61% of carotid mean pressure. In tibialis anterior with limited blood supply, capillary diameters were narrower, red blood cell velocity was greater and intermittency of flow was reduced, resulting in a calculated volume flow per capillary which was only marginally reduced compared with controls. In soleus with limited blood supply, the time spent stationary by red blood cells was increased and there was a greater adhesion ofwhite blood cells to venular walls. In neither muscle did limitation of blood supply result in a change in capillarity. Conclusions – Long term limitation of blood supply does not diminish the capillary density or capillary to fibre ratio of anatomically present capillaries in oxidative or glycolytic muscles and does not affect blood flow in capillaries supplying glycolytic fibres appreciably; circulation in capillaries supplying oxidative fibres is impaired.
Abstract 4463: Thymoquinone, a potent phytochemical inhibits invasion and cell proliferation in a cell line derived from prostate cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Rehan S. Quadri, Paul G. Hynes, Juan J. Yin, Wassim G. Abou-Kheir, Kathleen Kelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The majority of cancer related deaths in the United States result from metastatic malignancies in distant sites such as the brain, lungs, liver and bone. Androgen independent prostate cancer demonstrates a high affinity for metastatic colonization of the bone microenvironment, resulting in skeletal damage that can cause bone pain, hypercalcemia, pathological fracture and spinal cord-compression. Thymoquinone, an extract from the volatile oil of the black seed Nigella sativa has been shown to be a potent phytochemical, traditionally solubilized and administered nasally as an herbal remedy to combat a range of ailments. Thymoquinone functions in the electron transport chain as an electron shuttle, suggesting an anti-oxidant mechanism for its beneficial effects. In addition, thymoquinone exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects, inhibiting the growth of pancreatic, colon and prostate cancer cells in-vitro. In order to investigate the effects of thymoquinone on cells that had specifically adapted to growth in bone, we utilized a cell line derived directly from prostate bone metastases. Bone metastases were generated using a recently described ras over-expressing DU145 cell line (Yin et al., 2007). Bone metastases were subsequently isolated, and a cell line termed DU145 Bone 1 was established. Thymoquinone treatment of DU145 Bone 1 cells resulted in significant dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and viability over 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Using an Annexin V/PI assay to investigate the rate of apoptosis, we found that thymoquinone treatment of DU145 Bone 1 cells induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. This increase in apoptosis correlated with the decrease in proliferative potential, suggesting that induction of apoptosis may be involved in inhibiting cell proliferation of DU145 Bone 1 cells following thymoquinone treatment. Finally, in an in-vitro transwell assay, thymoquinone treatment (10 to 50 nM) of DU145 Bone 1 cells resulted in near complete inhibition of cell invasion toward fetal calf serum. In summary, we demonstrate that thymoquinone treatment of a metastatic cell line selected for growth in bone results in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction in cell viability, induction of apoptosis and loss of in-vitro invasive potential. Further in-vivo studies will provide valuable insight into the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone for the treatment of bone metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4463.
Sociology of Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

While the physician regards medicine as primarily a doctor-patient relationship, in reality a great deal more is involved—nothingnothing less than all of society. In recent years these social implications of medicine have been receiving increasing attention from both physicians and laymen. Sociologists have established a special niche called the sociology of medicine, a convenient focus for studying the relationships of society and illness. The professional sociologists need to learn a great deal about medical problems and physicians a great deal about social problems. Then both professions can cooperate with each other and with the nonprofessional, to get us out of our present mess. A new publication,<i>Sociology of Medicine</i>, points up many problems in the field. The author is a sociologist whose special interest is medicine; the book is intended as a textbook, presumably in sociology classes but probably adaptable to medical classes as well. The subjects discussed are many
Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice
Authors: Raghavaiah V. Kanakamedala
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This 672-page volume written by a single author contains 26 chapters in seven parts and three appendices. Part 1 deals with basic anatomy and physiology of the neuromuscular system and basics of electrodiagnosis, including recording apparatus. The next three parts contain nerve conduction studies, tests for neuromuscular transmission, and electromyography, including single-fiber electromyography. Part 5 contains reviews of blink reflex, F wave, H-reflex, and somatosensory evoked potentials. The disorders of the spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junction, myopathies, and abnormal muscle activity are discussed in the last two parts. The appendices cover a historical review of electrodiagnosis, the fundamentals of electronics, instrumentation, and a glossary of terms approved by the American Association of Electrodiagnosis and Electromyography. The book is intended for practicing electromyographers and all those concerned with electrodiagnostic tests in clinical practice. The author's extensive experience in electrophysiological studies prompted him to write this book. The notable feature
Is Rationing Inevitable?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A compelling picture of the growing confrontation between physicians in private practice and third-party payers is provided by the correspondence in this issue1 on Dr. Gerald Grumet's recent essay, "Health Care Rationing through Inconvenience."2 The problem underlying the discontent is cost. The payers — government, business, and the health insurance companies — are at the end of their economic rope. Unable to support the continued escalation of medical costs, they are determined to use whatever means they can to control expenditures. Two consequences, vividly described by Grumet, are a growing morass of regulations and bureaucracy and an increasing surveillance of . . .
Loss of butyrate-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines HCC-M and HCC-T having substantial Bcl-2 expression
Authors: Hidetsugu Saito, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Masahiko Takahashi, Fumihiko Kaneko, Kanji Wakabayashi, Mitsuyasu Nakamura, Hiromasa Ishii
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We have demonstrated that sodium butyrate induces differentiation in human hepatoma cells; however, recent studies have shown that this agent causes apoptosis in some types of cancer cells. In this study, we examined whether sodium butyrate causes apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell lines, HCC-M and HCC-T. The growth of human hepatoma cells was dose-dependently reduced by sodium butyrate. Flow cytometric analysis showed cell-cycle arrest at the G 1 phase in the sodium butyrate-treated cells. Apoptotic change was never found in treated cells at concentration levels of less than 5 mmol/L. Sodium butyrate decreased p53 expression and increased p21 WAF-1 expression in HCC-T and HCC-M cells having the wild-type p53 gene. Western blot analysis showed that Bcl-2 was expressed in the HCC-T and HCC-M cells, and its expression was increased after exposure to sodium butyrate. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against bcl-2 easily caused apoptosis. These results indicate that sodium butyrate hardly induces apoptotic change in the human hepatoma cell lines, HCC-T and HCC-M, with the increase of Bcl-2 expression. Cell-cycle arrest in the G 1 phase caused by sodium butyrate was suggested to be induced by the increase in p21 WAF-1 expression, but this change did not link with the p53 increase.
The Patient as Physician
Authors: Herbert S. Waxman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

On Being a Patient15 April 1997The Patient as PhysicianHerbert S. Waxman, MDHerbert S. Waxman, MDAmerican College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The physician who becomes a patient has a chance to become a better doctor. In 1985, I developed sudden chest pain, which led to cardiac catheterization. My physicians found a type I acute aortic dissection, and emergency surgery quickly followed. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was very long, and I received hundreds of units of blood products to maintain hemostasis. After surgery, I sustained extensive lower-extremity necrosis of muscle and nerve, probable deep venous thrombosis, cardiac arrhythmias, total global amnesia, painful peripheral neuropathy, and severe depression. It took me 3 months after the surgery to begin the transition back to my ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Herbert S. Waxman, MDAffiliations: American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106Corresponding Author: Herbert S. Waxman, MD, American College of Physicians, Independence Mall West, Sixth Street at Race, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Corresponding Author: Herbert S. Waxman, MD, American College of Physicians, Independence Mall West, Sixth Street at Race, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Patient's ResponsesThe good news about giving bad news to patients 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 656-657KeywordsAnxietyHemostasisIschemiaMedical educationNecrosisNervesPatientsPeripheral neuropathySleepSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...