tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide Prevention Efforts
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  David (226:468, 1973) noted a discrepancy between my communication toThe Journal(225:992, 1973) and to the New England Journal of Medicine (289:380, 1973) concerning the effect of suicide prevention centers on the suicide rate of cities in the United States.  The communication toThe Journalcompared data from 1960 with data from 1968. The communication to the New England Journal of Medicine compared data from 1960 with data supplied to me from the National Institutes of Health for 1969. Simultaneous appearance of the communications was due to differing publication lags. The communications were submitted six weeks apart.  That the two sets of data support different conclusions is not surprising. The data from 1969 were more supportive of a conclusion that suicide prevention centers do have an effect on the suicide rate than the data from 1968, although neither set of data should arouse more hope. Although
Effects of Large Doses of Colistin Sulphomethate Sodium on Renal Function
Authors: D. J. E. Price, D. I. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1970)

High doses of colistin were used in the treatment of severely ill patients with refractory klebsiella chest and urinary tract infections. At the same time renal function was monitored to determine possible nephrotoxicity. In all patients it produced acute renal failure and in some acute tubular necrosis. Though renal failure contributed to the final cause of death in some cases, in the majority death was due to the primary neurological illness.
979. Antigen-Transduced T Cell Blasts Specifically Delete Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Induce a CD4+-CD25+- Regulatory T Cell Response
Authors: Aaron E. Foster, Takayuki Okamura, Cliona M. Rooney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: Antigen presentation by T cells has been shown to induce anergy and apoptosis in responding antigen-specific T cells. This phenomenon might be useful in targeting antigen-specific T cells for the treatment of autoimmune disease and allogeneic organ transplantation. Therefore, we examined the immune response to antigen-presenting T cell blasts (T-APC) transduced with known antigens (CMV pp65, EBV-LMP2 or adenovirus hexon protein).
Isotretinoin therapy for acne vulgaris: a re-evaluation of the need for measurements of plasma lipids and liver function tests
Authors: J.H. BARTH, S.P. MACDONALD-HULL, J. MARK, R.G. JONES, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A retrospective analysis of patients receiving isotretinoin for acne was performed, in order to determine the necessity for routine testing of lipid profiles and liver function tests during therapy. Data were analysed from 209 individuals, 113 (69 males, 44 females) of whom had been treated with 1 mg/kg/day, and 96 (67 males, 29 females) with 0.5 mg/kg/day. There were no significant changes in any of the tests of liver function. There were significant elevations in both plasma cholesterol and triglycerides at 8 and 16 weeks (P < 0.01) for both dose schedules, which were significant in both male and female subjects (P < 0.001). All the individuals with elevated cholesterol (> 6.5 mmol/l) at 16 weeks had elevated cholesterol at the onset of therapy. Triglyceride concentrations were elevated at 8 weeks, but there was no further increase thereafter. It was not possible to predict which subjects would become hypertriglyceridaemic from pretreatment lipid estimations. In conclusion, there appears to be little evidence to support the previously recommended regular biochemical monitoring of liver function and lipid profiles in patients who are treated with isotretinoin for 16 weeks. It would appear prudent to ensure that there is neither liver disease nor hyperlipidaemia prior to the onset of therapy, and to determine the triglyceride response to therapy on one occasion after 4 weeks' treatment. This change in patient management should result in considerable savings both in patient time and in blood collection and analysis.
Liver and Pancreas Scans
Authors: Edward B. Silberstein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In the case reported by Capurro and Gray (229:763, 1974), a liver and pancreas scan are reproduced and both are read as being abnormal. This reproduction has been reviewed by several physicians in the Radioisotope Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and I had seen the original previously. We are all in agreement that the scan is normal. The irregular concave profile of the inferior edge of the liver is most certainly related to respiratory motion, causing a most common artifact on rectilinear liver scanning. This disappears if one employs a gamma-ray camera, injects sufficient technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid, and performs the scan with the patient holding his breath for 15 to 20 seconds.  The pancreas scan was also read as abnormal with uneven isotope uptake. One agrees that the uptake is uneven, but the apparent filling defect of the body of the pancreas
Peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS) plus ribavirin (RBV) and amantadine (AMA) vs induction therapy with interferon alfa-2A (roferon-A) plus RBV and AMA in IFN/RBV nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: S. Fargion, M. Borzio, A. Cargnel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Homeostatic control of immunity by TCR peptide–specific Tregs
Authors: Vipin Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Regulation of the immune response is a multifaceted process involving lymphocytes that function to maintain both self tolerance as well as homeostasis following productive immunity against microbes. There are 2 broad categories of Tregs that function in different immunological settings depending upon the context of antigen exposure and the nature of the inflammatory response. During massive inflammatory conditions such as microbial exposure in the gut or tissue transplantation, regulatory CD4+CD25+ Tregs broadly suppress priming and/or expansion of polyclonal autoreactive responses nonspecifically. In other immune settings where initially a limited repertoire of antigen-reactive T cells is activated and expanded, TCR-specific negative feedback mechanisms are able to achieve a fine homeostatic balance. Here I will describe experimental evidence for the existence of a Treg population specific for determinants that are derived from the TCR and are expressed by expanding myelin basic protein–reactive T cells mediating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal prototype for multiple sclerosis. These mechanisms ensure induction of effective but appropriately limited responses against foreign antigens while preventing autoreactivity from inflicting escalating damage. In contrast to CD25+ Tregs, which are most efficient at suppressing priming or activation, these specific Tregs are most efficient in controlling T cells following their activation.
Cripto
Authors: Pei Xiang Xing, Xiu Feng Hu, Geoffrey A. Pietersz, Howard L. Hosick, Ian F. C. McKenzie
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Cripto, a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL-Criptic (EGF-CFC) family, has been described recently as a potential target for immunotherapy (Adkins et al., J Clin Invest 2003;112:575–87). We have produced rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to a Cripto 17-mer peptide, corresponding to the “EGF-like” motif of Cripto. The mAbs react with most cancers of the breast, colon, lung, stomach, and pancreas but do not react or react weakly with normal tissues. The mAbs inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, and this effect was greater with cytotoxic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cisplatin. The anti-Cripto mAbs prevent tumor development in vivo and inhibit the growth of established tumors of LS174T colon xenografts in Scid mice. The growth inhibitory effects with these mAbs may be greater than those described elsewhere, possibly because of IgM giving more effective cross-linking or binding to a different epitope (EGF-like region versus CFC region). The mechanism of inhibitory effects of the Cripto mAbs includes both cancer cell apoptosis, activation of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase signaling pathways and blocking of Akt phosphorylation. Thus, Cripto is a unique target, and mAbs to Cripto could be of therapeutic value for human cancers.
Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales.
Authors: D J Barker, C Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The high mortality from chronic bronchitis in England and Wales and the excess of urban over rural mortality are unexplained. On dividing England and Wales into 212 local authority areas a strong geographical relation was found between death rates from chronic bronchitis and emphysema in 1959-78 and infant mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia during 1921-5. It was concluded that this relation provided strong evidence of a direct casual link between acute lower respiratory infection in early childhood and chronic bronchitis in adult life. Regression analysis suggested that infection in early childhood had a greater influence than cigarette smoking in determining the geographical distribution of chronic bronchitis. National time trends reflected the influence of both factors. Chronic air pollution in adult life may be less important a cause of chronic bronchitis than previously supposed.
A Poxvirus-Encoded Semaphorin Induces Cytokine Production from Monocytes and Binds to a Novel Cellular Semaphorin Receptor, VESPR
Authors: Michael R Comeau, Richard Johnson, Robert F DuBose, Melissa Petersen, Patrick Gearing, Tim VandenBos, Linda Park, Terry Farrah, R.Mark Buller, Jeffrey I Cohen, Laura D Strockbine, Charles Rauch, Melanie K Spriggs
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Salt intake determines the renal response to L-arginine infusion in normal human subjects
Authors: Yousri M. Barri, Christopher S. Wilcox
Journal: Kidney International (1998)

<b>Salt intake determines the renal response to L-arginine infusion in normal human subjects.</b> Studies in experimental animals have shown that nitric oxide (NO) generation in the kidney from L-arginine participates in adapting renal function to changes in salt intake, but similar studies in human subjects are lacking. Therefore, we compared the infusion of 30g of L-arginine to 30g of branched chain amino acids (control), in eight normal human subjects after 5 to 7 days of equilibration to a low salt (LS; 20mmol · 24hr<sup>-1</sup>) or high salt (HS; 200mmol · 24hr<sup>-1</sup>) intake. Lithium clearance was used as a marker of proximal tubular reabsorption. Compared to the control infusions, L-arginine did not significantly alter blood pressure, inulin or paraaminohippurate clearance, but significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the excretion of NO<sub>2</sub> + NO<sub>3</sub> (NO<sub>x</sub>) (LS, 157 ± 46 to 210 ± 48nmol · min<sup>-1</sup>; HS, 138 ± 30 to 182 ± 70) and cGMP (LS, 253 ± 63 to 337 ± 76 pmol · min<sup>-1</sup>; HS, 311 ± 68 to 563 ± 52). Renal sodium excretion was decreased by L-arginine infusion during the low salt intake (45 ± 5 to 21 ± 3 μmol · min<sup>-1</sup>; <i>P</i> < 0.05) but was increased by L-arginine during the high salt intake (298 ± 56 to 537 ± 84 μmol · min<sup>-1</sup>; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The calculated fractional reabsorption of sodium in the proximal and distal nephrons, as assessed from lithium and sodium clearances, was increased by L-arginine during the low salt intake but was decreased by L-arginine during the high salt intake. L-arginine increased plasma insulin concentration significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05). This effect was independent of salt intake (LS, 67 ± 7 to 92 ± 13ng · ml<sup>-1</sup>; HS, 66 ± 7 to 76 ± 9ng · ml<sup>-1</sup>). L-arginine did not significantly alter plasma renin activity. In conclusion, L-arginine increases the excretion of NO<sub>x</sub> and cGMP and increases plasma insulin, but the effect on sodium excretion depends upon salt intake. L-arginine enhances Na reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephrons during the low salt intake, but inhibits it during the high salt intake. Effects of L-arginine on NO and cGMP may contribute to its effects on Na reabsorption.
RhoJ is an endothelial cell-restricted Rho GTPase that mediates vascular morphogenesis and is regulated by the transcription factor ERG
Authors: Lei Yuan, Anastasia Sacharidou, Amber N. Stratman, Alexandra Le Bras, Peter J. Zwiers, Katherine Spokes, Manoj Bhasin, Shou-ching Shih, Janice A. Nagy, Grietje Molema, William C. Aird, George E. Davis, Peter Oettgen
Journal: Blood (2011)
Hungarian home birth advocate is sentenced to two years in prison
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> The evaluation of joints in arthritis using conventional ultrasonography is not really feasible in mice because of the small size of the animal. However, compared with classical analysis (clinical and histological examination) it is a non-invasive method that allows follow-up of the same animal throughout the whole experiment. Moreover, power Doppler allows the study of blood flow that reflects inflammatory activity within the synovium of arthritic joints. Our aim was to determine whether ultrasonography analysis could accurately detect arthritis lesions in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, namely collagen-induced arthritis. <h3>Methods:</h3> Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in 28 mice by immunising with collagen type II. Every week for 8 weeks, ultrasonography and Doppler analysis were performed on knees and ankles of all mice using the ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM), which is particularly dedicated to studying the mouse. Clinical and histological evaluations were performed as usual. <h3>Results:</h3> We established a semiquantitative analysis by setting an UBM scoring. UBM grades were correlated to clinical and histological scores of arthritis. Vascularisation within the synovium could be estimated by power Doppler analysis and a semiquantitative vascularisation scale was established, which allowed us to show a good correlation between vascularisation scores and histological or clinical scores of arthritis. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This is one of the first studies that shows it is possible to visualise a selected set of joints in a small animal using UBM analysis. It provides new perspectives in evaluating experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases.
Calibrating the physician. Personal awareness and effective patient care. Working Group on Promoting Physician Personal Awareness, American Academy on Physician and Patient
Authors: D. H. Novack
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Physicians' personal characteristics, their past experiences, values, attitudes, and biases can have important effects on communication with patients; being aware of these characteristics can enhance communication. Because medical training and continuing education programs rarely undertake an organized approach to promoting personal awareness, we propose a "curriculum" of 4 core topics for reflection and discussion. The topics are physicians' beliefs and attitudes, physicians' feelings and emotional responses in patient care, challenging clinical situations, and physician self-care. We present examples of organized activities that can promote physician personal awareness such as support groups, Balint groups, and discussions of meaningful experiences in medicine. Experience with these activities suggests that through enhancing personal awareness physicians can improve their clinical care and increase satisfaction with work, relationships, and themselves.
"The World's Most Extensive Investigation of a Scientific Paper"
Authors: D. Baltimore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article “The World's Most Extensive Investigation of a Scientific Paper” Get access David Baltimore David Baltimore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 11, 7 June 1989, Pages 826–838, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.11.826 Published: 07 June 1989
Nanoparticles for treating brain tumors: unlimited possibilities
Authors: C. D. James
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

The use of nanoparticles to improve the distribution and extend the duration of exposure to therapy continues to be investigated and applied in cancer research and treatment, respectively, more than 30 years subsequent to the earliest publications involving its use in experimental tumor models in vivo. Nanoparticle packaging of therapy is of particular interest for its potential to treat brain tumors because of the favorable CNS distribution of many nanoparticle drug formulations.
A Comprehensive Screening Program for Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Marshall G. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A comprehensive screening program for hemoglobinopathies, established in April 1970, includes a ten-minute cellulose acetate electrophoresis procedure for primary screening, additional laboratory studies for specific diagnosis, and clinical follow-up by neighborhood health center physicians. The simple screening test costs approximately 5 cents per sample and uses hemolysates prepared from packed unwashed red blood cells collected in microcapillary tubes. The electrophoresis procedure was easily learned by inexperienced volunteer technologists. During the first eight months, 107 of 1,000 health center patients and 63 of 358 hospital patients had hemoglobinopathies diagnosed. The basic screening method can distinguish sickle cell trait, sickle cell disease, and sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease. The comprehensive nature of the screening program is further demonstrated by the detection of patients with thalassemia minor, hereditary persistence of hemoglobin F, and hemoglobin types AC, CC, and B<sub>2</sub>.
Serum levels of hepatitis C virus core protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alfa
Authors: E Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The quantitation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia can be helpful in the diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C. A sensitive and quantitative fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) has recently been developed for assaying HCV core protein in serum. To assess the utility of measurements of serum HCV core protein during the course of treatment of chronic hepatitis C, we studied 27 patients who were treated with a single schedule of interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) (9 million units per dose for 24 weeks; total dose, 720 million units). Eleven of the 27 patients responded with clearance of HCV RNA and fall of aminotransferase to normal; 16 patients did not respond to treatment. Before therapy, HCV core antigen was detectable in 25 of the 27 patients (93%). The initial serum concentration of HCV core protein was significantly (P < .01) higher in the nonresponders versus the responders. Two weeks after initiating IFN-alpha therapy, HCV core protein was not detectable in any of the 11 responders, but was detected in 8 of 16 nonresponders (P < .01). All responders, but none of the nonresponders, remained negative for core protein after IFN-alpha therapy. The measurement of HCV core protein by FEIA may be useful for predicting the response to IFN-alpha and for monitoring its therapeutic efficacy.
Pulmonary Radiation Injury: Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Regional Hypersensitivity
Authors: Alena Novakova-Jiresova, Peter van Luijk, Harry van Goor, Harm H. Kampinga, Robert P. Coppes
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Effective radiation treatment of thoracic tumors is often limited by radiosensitivity of surrounding tissues. Several experimental studies have suggested variations in radiosensitivity of different pulmonary regions. Mice and rat studies in part contradict each other and urge for a more detailed analysis. This study was designed to obtain a more comprehensive insight in radiation injury development, expression, and its regional heterogeneity in lung. The latter is obviously highly critical for optimization of radiotherapy treatment plans and may shed light on the mechanisms of lung dysfunction after irradiation. Six different but volume-equal regions in rat lung were irradiated. Whereas the severity of damage, as seen in histologic analysis, was comparable in all regions, the degree of lung dysfunction, measured as breathing rates, largely varied. During the pneumonitic phase (early: 6-12 weeks), the most sensitive regions contained a substantial part of alveolar lung parenchyma. Also, a trend for hypersensitivity was observed when the heart lay in the irradiation field. In the fibrotic phase (late: 34-38 weeks), lung parenchyma and heart-encompassing regions were the most sensitive. No impact of the heart was observed during the intermediate phase (16-28 weeks). The severity of respiratory dysfunction after partial thoracic irradiation is likely governed by an interaction between pulmonary and cardiac functional deficits. As a repercussion, more severe acute and delayed toxicity should be expected after combined lung and heart irradiation. This should be considered in the process of radiotherapy treatment planning of thoracic malignancies.
Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: A. E. Dormer, J. F. Hale
Journal: BMJ (1962)

In the heterogeneous group of diseases of unknown aetiology described as "periodic disease" (Reimann, 1951) some exhibit recurrent fever.One such is familial Mediterranean fever, which has also been called familial recurring polyserositis, and a case presenting in England is here reported. Case ReportA man, born in 1900, was admitted to St. Bartholomew's Hospital in 1959 for the investigation of an illness in which periodic fever and proteinuria became dominant features.He had lived in England all his life, and had been at work up to the time of his admission.His father, an Italian of non-Jewish stock, had married an Englishwoman and had died of " Bright's disease " when aged 29.No significant illness had affected his mother, his five siblings, or his two daughters, aged 22 and 21.In 1939 he had an appendicectomy, and when a haematemesis followed this operation a partial gastrectomy was done.In 1955 he noticed slight slurring of speech, followed two years later by some tremor of the arms and legs.His gall-bladder, removed in 1957, contained calculi.No unusual features were found in hospital records apart from a blotchy skin rash noted during an attack of pain presumed to be due to cholecystitis.His urine had been tested on many occasions, but was normal apart from a single record of slight proteinuria during 1957.He attended a clinic in 1955 with pain in the hands, and in 1956 with painful red swellings of hands, feet, and knees, but no diagnosis was made.In May, 1959, he was admitted to hospital after a few days' pain in the lower back and in the right side of the chest, unaffected by breathing, and associated with fever and night sweats.Although it was not realized at this time, he had been subject to attacks of fever with scattered pains since childhood, at first every few months but latterly more frequently.He was well in between attacks and would take only a few days off work.He had not complained of these
Thrombin generation in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Wataru Tatewaki, Ken Wada, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is thought to be caused primarily by endothelial cell injury or primary platelet agglutination. A coagulation screen usually shows normal or minimal changes, but a modest elevation of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) is observed in many patients with TTP. To assess the thrombin generation in vivo in TTP, plasma levels of thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT) were measured together with plasmin‐α 2 ‐antiplasmin complex (PAP) in ten patients with acute TTP. Plasma TAT [mean 6.7 ± (SD) 3.7 μg/liter] as well as PAP (2.1 ± 1.2 mg/liter) were elevated in patients wtih TTP as compared with healthy subjects (TAT of 1.7 ± 0.3 μg/liter and PAP of 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/liter; n = 10). These findings indicate that considerable amounts of thrombin and plasmin are actually generated in TTP, although the majority of patients do not show signs of consumption coagulopathy.