tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PM-11 * DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN MENINGIOMA MOUSE XENOGRAFT MODEL WITH THE SPONTANEOUSLY IMMORTAL CELL LINE KCI-MENG1
Authors: S. Michelhaugh, A. Guastella, K. Varadarajan, L. Polin, A. Bollig-Fischer, F. Sarkar, S. Mittal
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of effective therapies for recurrent/aggressive meningiomas. Establishment of improved in vitro and in vivo meningioma models will facilitate development and testing of novel therapeutic approaches. METHODS: A primary meningioma cell line was generated from a patient harboring a WHO grade I olfactory groove meningioma. The cell line was extensively characterized by performing analysis of growth kinetics, immunocytochemistry, telomerase activity, karyotype, and genomic analysis. A xenograft model of human meningioma using immunocompromised SCID mice was also developed. RESULTS: Histopathology was consistent with a WHO grade I typical meningioma composed of meningothelial cells, whorls, and psammoma bodies. The original tumor and the early passage primary cells shared the standard immunohistochemical profile. Low-passage KCI-MENG1 cells were composed of two cell types with spindle and round morphologies, showed linear growth curve, had very low telomerase activity, and were composed of two distinct unrelated clones on cytogenetic analysis. In contrast, high-passage cells were homogeneously round, rapidly growing, had high telomerase activity, and were composed of a single clone with a near triploid karyotype containing 64-66 chromosomes with numerous aberrations. Following subcutaneous transplantation of low- or high-passage cells into SCID mice, tumor tissue with typical histological features of meningothelial meningioma was found. Cultured cells isolated from the xenograft tumors also had the near-triploid karyotype and the same immunostaining profile. CONCLUSIONS: The newly-established spontaneously immortal KCI-MENG1 meningioma cell line and human meningioma mouse xenograft model will provide a biologically relevant platform from which to investigate meningioma tumor biology and disease progression as well as to develop novel therapeutic targets to improve treatment options for all grades of meningiomas.
Radioxenon Ventilation Studies with Disposable Apparatus
Authors: HERBERT A. KLEIN, GERALD J. TOLOUI, R. JAMES, R. KNOWLES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Modification of commercially supplied disposable apparatus for radioxenon ventilation imaging solved several problems: occasional poor inhalation of the initial bolus of gas, awkward initiation of the wash-out phase, and building up of pressure against which the patient must exhale in the wash-out phase. Two cases illustrate results of ventilation and perfusion imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism. A third case illustrates results before and after bullectomy, including quantitative data analysis of the wash-out phase. Although long-range economy is possible with permanent equipment, the use of the modified disposable apparatus may be preferable in certain circumstances.
Potassium supplementation ameliorates mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention
Authors: G. Gopal Krishna, Shiv C. Kapoor
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

Potassium depletion induced by dietary potassium restriction causes sodium retention while potassium supplementation augments urinary sodium excretion. The role of external potassium balance in modulating mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention in humans is unknown. Accordingly, eight healthy subjects were studied at the Clinical Research Center receiving a constant diet providing (per kg body wt) sodium 2.5 mmol, potassium 1.1 mmol daily. After establishing basal sodium and potassium balance over three days, each subject received 9 alpha-fludrocortisone 0.4 mg/day for 10 days. Subjects were studied twice, four to eight weeks apart, in a double blind, randomized crossover design receiving either placebo or additional KCl (80 mmol/day) over the 10 day study period. Serum potassium concentrations were unchanged from basal values on KCl while the values fell (4.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter, P = 0.01) on placebo. Urinary sodium excretion decreased with fludrocortisone administration in both groups, but this decrease reached significance only in the placebo group. Furthermore, during fludrocortisone administration the sodium excretion rates on KCl were significantly higher compared to the values noted on placebo (134 +/- 8 vs. 112 +/- 13 mmol/day, P = 0.01). Body weight recorded after 10 days of fludrocortisone administration was higher on placebo compared to KCl (72.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 71.6 +/- 2.8 kg, P = 0.01). Plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentrations decreased on fludrocortisone while atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased. These studies suggest that amelioration of hypokalemia attenuates mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention. Therefore, potassium depletion may contribute to the mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention.
Antineutrophil and myocardial protecting actions of a novel nitric oxide donor after acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion of dogs.
Authors: D J Lefer, K Nakanishi, W E Johnston, J Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It has recently been demonstrated that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion results in a marked decrease in the release of nitric oxide (NO) by the coronary endothelium. NO may possess cardioprotective properties, possibly related to inhibition of neutrophil-related activities. We tested the hypothesis that a cysteine-containing nitric oxide donor compound, SPM-5185, would reduce infarct size and inhibit neutrophil-related activities (adherence to coronary vascular endothelium, accumulation). METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of intracoronary infusion of SPM-5185 were investigated in a 5.5-hour model of myocardial ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion (4.5 hours) (MI-R) in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. SPM-5185 (500 nmol/L) or saline vehicle was infused for 4.5 hours into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) at the time of reperfusion after 1 hour of LAD occlusion. MI-R in dogs receiving saline vehicle resulted in severe myocardial injury characterized by dyskinesis, a profound elevation of plasma creatine kinase, marked myocardial necrosis, and high cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the ischemic and necrotic zones. In contrast, treatment with SPM-5185 resulted in a modest restoration of regional function, a reduction of myocardial necrosis expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (12.5 +/- 3.2% versus 41.7 +/- 5.4%, P &lt; .001), and significant reductions of MPO activity in the ischemic zone (0.8 +/- 0.1 versus 2.5 +/- 0.7 U/100 mg tissue, P &lt; .05) and the necrotic zone (1.6 +/- 0.2 versus 3.3 +/- 0.6 U/100 mg tissue, P &lt; .05). In additional studies, SPM-5185 (500 nmol/L) significantly (P &lt; .001) attenuated the adherence of LTB4-stimulated canine neutrophils to autologous segments of coronary artery and attenuated the neutrophil-induced contraction of isolated coronary arterial rings. CONCLUSIONS SPM-5185 reduces myocardial necrosis and neutrophil accumulation in an acute model of canine myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction in myocardial cell injury may be partially related to the inhibitory actions of this novel NO donor on neutrophil adherence to the coronary endothelium.
Determination of the hemoglobin F program in human progenitor-derived erythroid cells.
Authors: A D Friedman, D C Linch, B Miller, J M Lipton, J Javid, D G Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The absolute adult and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) contents of the erythroid cells derived from the differentiation of normal human and simian erythroid progenitors and of the peripheral blood erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) of patients with nondeletion hemoglobinopathies have been measured with a sensitive radioligand immunoassay. The HbF content varied between 0.13 and 2.96 pg/cell, representing between 0.7% and 19.6% of the total hemoglobin with a mean value of 7.0%. The absolute content of HbF was indistinguishable in the well-hemoglobinized progeny of marrow erythroid colony-forming units, marrow or blood BFU-E, or of mixed colony-forming units. The term HbF program refers to this inherent capacity to produce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the erythroid cells derived from these progenitors in vitro. The HbF content of marrow erythroblasts as determined by the same radioligand immunoassay was similar to that found in the peripheral blood, suggesting that the switch off of gamma-chain production occurs after the erythroid colony-forming unit stage of maturation. Increasing concentrations of a crude erythropoietin-containing preparation induced higher numbers of erythroid colonies, which were larger in size, but the HbF program was unaffected. In contrast to the hemoglobin accumulation in human progenitor-derived colonies, simian progenitor-derived colonies produced considerably more HbF, and the amount of HbF was strongly influenced by progenitor maturity. Assays of the HbF content of erythroblasts derived from culture of the peripheral blood BFU-E of patients with nondeletion hemoglobinopathies and their parents showed that the HbF program in the progenitors of such patients is highly variable. Some produce only a slight excess of HbF in progenitor-derived erythroblasts, whereas others have extraordinarily high HbF programs. The molecular basis of this variability is presently unknown.
Red cell adenylate kinase deficiency associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia: Clinical and biochemical studies
Authors: Shiro Miwa, Hisaichi Fujii, Kenzaburo Tani, Keisuke Takahashi, Takenori Takizawa, Takashi Igarashi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract We report here a case of red cell adenylate kinase (AK) deficiency associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. The proband is a 10‐year‐old Japanese girl. Her physical and mental development was normal. She has shown moderate to mild hemolytic anemia since the neonatal period and hepatosplenomegaly. The red cell AK activity was 44% of normal. Contents of red cell glycolytic intermediates and adenine nucleotides were normal when compared with a comparable reticulocyte‐rich control. Glucose consumption and lactate formation were normal. Hexose monophosphate shunt activity was somewhat lower than that of a comparable reticulocyte‐rich control. There were no significant differences in the contents of adenine nucleotides between the younger and older red cells of the patient. Enzymatic characterization by hemolysate revealed that the patient's AK had an increased Michaelis constant for adenosine diphosphate and slight thermal instability. The patient's enzyme migrated approximately half‐way between the AK 1 and AK 2 position on starch‐gel electrophoresis. The mode of inheritance of this case is obscure. The mechanism of hemolysis might be a structural gene mutation that caused altered electrophoretic and kinetic properties.
Focus: London: Hospitals going the way of schools?
Authors: J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The secretary for state for health will no doubt give an upbeat message about the health service at the Conservative party conference this week. But it is a message that increasingly is not recognised - either by the people who work in the service or, now, by the public whom it serves.

A MORI poll commissioned by BBC2's Public Eye programme last week (see review on p 677) showed that the public are getting ever more confused by the NHS reforms. Seventy five per cent of those polled thought that the government planned to privatise the NHS, and 51% thought that the NHS would not exist in 10 years' time.

So far the view that the NHS might not be around in any meaningful way has …
Cutaneous extensibility in pseudo-xanthoma elasticum
Authors: W. HARVEY, F.M. POPE, R. GRAHAME
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

In vivo skin elasticity was measured on unaffected forearm skin of twenty‐five patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and compared with age and sex‐matched controls. The elastic modulus was raised in the recessive type I group and reduced in the dominant types I and II groups.
Management of Acute Respiratory Obstruction
Authors: A. E. W. Gregson, A. J. Gunning
Journal: BMJ (1956)

TETRACYCLINE AND CHLORTETRACYCLINEx The results show that tetracycline is as effective as chlortetracycline in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.Deaths were few and were confined to elderly patients with serious complicating diseases.The incidence of side-effects amounted to about 30% with each antibiotic, although most of these effects were mild.This does not confi-rm the reported lower toxicity of tetracycline.The only serious complications followed tetracycline therapy, that is, one case each of staphylococcal enteritis, pulmonary moniliasis, and aspergillosis; in the last case the patient died.Tetracycline suffers from the same disadvantages as other broad-spectrum antibiotics and should be used only with appropriate care and consideration.The tetracycline (" achromycin ") and the chlortetracycline used in this study were supplied by Dr. A. T. Mennie, of Lederle Laboratories.Our thanks are also due to Dr. K. J. G. Milne, under whose care a number of patients were treated, and to the house-physicians
Complement component C1q enhances invasion of human mononuclear phagocytes and fibroblasts by Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes.
Authors: M T Rimoldi, A J Tenner, D A Bobak, K A Joiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Internalization and infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes by macrophages is enhanced by prior treatment of parasites with normal human serum. Heating serum or removing C1q from serum abrogates the enhancement, but augmentation of attachment and infectivity is restored by addition of purified C1q to either serum source. Although both noninfective epimastigotes (Epi) and vertebrate-stage tissue culture trypomastigotes (TCT) bind C1q in saturable fashion at 4 degrees C, internalization by monocytes and macrophages of TCT but not Epi-bearing C1q is enhanced in comparison to untreated parasites. Adherence of human monocytes and macrophages to surfaces coated with C1q also induces a marked enhancement of the internalization of native TCT. C1q enhances attachment of both Epi and TCT to human foreskin fibroblasts, but only when C1q is on the parasite and not when the fibroblasts are plated on C1q-coated surfaces. Only TCT coated with C1q show enhanced invasion into fibroblasts. Although trypomastigotes produce an inhibitor of the complement cascade which limits C3 deposition during incubation in normal human serum, C1q binds to the parasite and enhances entry of trypomastigotes into target cells.
High-Density Exposure Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Inpatients: A 1-Year Follow-Up&lt;footref rid="foot01"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/footref&gt;
Authors: Claudia Wetzel, Hinrich Bents, Irmela Florin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background&lt;/i&gt;: This study evaluates the effects of individual high-density exposure (2–3 weeks, all day) plus response prevention therapy on 85 unselected inpatients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). &lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;: Twenty-eight therapist practitioners performed treatment. &lt;i&gt;Results&lt;/i&gt;: At 1-year follow-up, self-ratings indicated that patients on average felt much improved. Impairment by both obsessions and compulsions was significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.001 in each case), and OCD symptoms as assessed by two OCD questionnaires had also decreased significantly, as had depressiveness and overall symptomatology (all p &lt; 0.001). Defining improvements as &gt;30% successes, as done in other OCD treatment outcome studies, success rates were 68 and 69%, respectively, for the two OCD questionnaire scores, 75% for self-rated impairment by obsessions and 84.5% for compulsions, 85.6% for overall psychopathology (General Symptom Index), and 75% for depressiveness (Beck Depression Inventory). Effect sizes were &gt;1 SD for all of the measures included. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions&lt;/i&gt;: We conclude that long-term effects for high-density treatment of unselected OCD patients bring about as good results as treatments with exposure and response prevention performed with selected patient samples in a research context.
A Therapeutic Aftercare Setting for "Refractory" Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: PATRICK T. DONLON, RICHARD T. RADA, SARA W. KNIGHT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Twenty-four chronic "refractory" schizophrenic patients were removed from a large aftercare clinic and randomly placed into one of two smaller clinics meeting biweekly. Both groups had the same therapist and both clinical settings attempted to provide nurturance and alleviate countertherapeutic interpersonal anxieties. The group that received nurturance in the setting of a social group (rather than individual supportive psychotherapy) responded much more favorably, as measured by cost efficiency, clinic attendance, and increased socialization.
Flat gastric epithelial neoplasm detected by endoscopic screening with autofluorescence imaging video endoscopy
Authors: K. Tatsumi, N. Uedo, R. Ishihara, H. Iishi, M. Matsumura, S. Ishiguro
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) video endoscopy provides real-time color images from the computerization of captured fluorescence emitted from natural endogenous fluorophores that have been excited by light of specific wavelength. With early gastric cancers, AFI can visualize flat tumors, or the extent of isochromatic tumors, in a way that white-light endoscopy cannot [1]. Because of the difference in fluorescence properties between neoplasia and normal tissue, it was able to reveal a flat neoplasm that did not show up under white-light endoscopy.
Beyond Red Lake — The Persistent Crisis in American Indian Health Care
Authors: Yvette Roubideaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

On March 21, 2005, at the high school on the Red Lake Indian reservation in Minnesota, a troubled American Indian teenager went on a shooting rampage, killing nine people before turning the gun on himself. Most of the news reports highlighted his past, including a history of depression and suicide attempts, and the daunting socioeconomic conditions in his reservation community. Reporters mentioned high rates of poverty, alcoholism, unemployment, and violence among young people as possible factors in the tragedy. Although similar events have occurred in wealthier communities — the shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, leap to mind . . .
Medicine and the Media: A Changing Relationship
Authors: T. Albert
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Nancy Ethiel Robert R McCormick Tribune Foundation, pp 106

Some of the most formative experiences of my early career as a journalist came when, as a reporter on the Tavistock Times, I failed to turn in stories because I had failed to get an interview.

On one occasion I had been sent to a subpostmaster who was retiring after 50 years. I asked him how he had enjoyed the work; he refused to answer on the grounds that he had signed the Official Secrets Act. On another occasion I had received a complaint about overcharging by a local optician; he refused to speak, on the grounds …
AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CXCR4 co-receptor
Authors: George A. Donzella, Dominique Schols, Steven W. Lin, José A. Esté, Kirsten A. Nagashima, Paul J. Maddon, Graham P. Allaway, Thomas P. Sakmar, Geoffrey Henson, Erik DeClercq, John P. Moore
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Making light of keeping color categories in the dark: Some arguments against Saunders and van Brakel's notions of trivial constraints in color nomenclature
Authors: James Stanlaw
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Saunders &amp; van Brakel prematurely reject the idea of nontrivial constraints in color nomenclature. Their claim that the universality of color naming is caused by Western contact and cultural dominance is inadequate because of the great variety of terminology systems still found in the world. The complex interactions of hue, brightness, and saturation can be studied rigorously. If we discard the standard models of color nomenclature because of some discrepancies and anomalies, we will not be able to explain the vast array of remaining data that is consistent with current theories.
P3-07-12: Value of Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy for Preventing Futile Sentinel Node Procedures in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: SC Diepstraten, AR Sever, CF Buckens, WB Veldhuis, den Bosch MA van, WP Mali, HM Verkooijen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Women affected with invasive breast cancer generally undergo sentinel node biopsy (SNB) of the axilla, which is followed by axillary dissection if lymph node metastases are found. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the utility of preoperative axillary ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in terms of staging the axilla and preventing futile SNB. Methods: We systemically searched Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane through March 14, 2011, for studies addressing preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node (ALN) status by axillary ultrasound and biopsy. Eligible studies had to report on biopsy indication and method, and true and false positive and negative outcomes. A pooled estimate was calculated for prevalence of futile SNB (defined as the proportion of patients needing secondary ALN dissection after a negative axillary ultrasound and biopsy) and sensitivity (defined as the proportion of patients with ALN involvement detected by axillary ultrasound and biopsy). Results: Twenty-three studies were included which reported on a total of 6205 procedures. The pooled prevalence of futile SNB was 25% (95% CI = 23% to 27%) and the pooled sensitivity was 51% (95% CI = 43% to 59%). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies for both futile SNB prevalence (I2 = 60.5) and sensitivity (I2 = 93.3), which could not be explained by between-study differences in biopsy technique, inclusion criteria, biopsy indication or study design. Sensitivity was increased in studies with a high prevalence of axillary lymph node metastases. Conclusion: Preoperative axillary ultrasound guided biopsy is a useful step in the process of axillary staging as around fifty percent of breast cancer patients with axillary involvement can be identified pre-operatively and are spared a two step surgical intervention. Still, one in four women with a US biopsy ‘proven’ negative axilla have ALN involvement on SNB and need to undergo completion axillary dissection. New techniques may be able to reduce the prevalence of futile SNB. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-12.
Cardiac catheter introducer.
Authors: J. Mackinnen
Journal: BMJ (1967)

IAJO 377push the loop out of the inserter into the uterine cavity extremely slowly at the beginning, while the remainder of the loop may be extruded more rapidly.Since both the above perforations occurred in the puer- peral uterus I am of the opinion that those less experienced in the procedure should defer insertion of the I.U.C.D. until three or four months following delivery.-Iam, etc., Nairobi, D. WAGHMARAE.Kenya. Cardiac Catheter IntroducerSIR,-Occasionally difficulty may be ex- perienced in introducing a cardiac catheter into a small vein or artery.To overcome this a shoehorn type of introducer has been designed.The narrow end of the shoehorn is easily introduced into the lumen of a small vessel and advanced to distend it.The tip of the catheter is then passed into the vessel through the hollowed-out shoehorn.The crook on the handle ensures easy mancuvrability.