tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tabetic Gastric Crisis with Fluid Levels and Visible Peristalsis
Authors: R. D. Catterall, A. J. C. Latchmore, E. E. Sherwood-Cundall
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Both women and men who have sex with men (MSM) report frequent receptive oral sex, but there are no FDA approved tests for detection of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (GC) and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT) from pharyngeal swabs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of pharyngeal GC and CT infections, and to assess the sensitivity of GC culture. <h3>Methods</h3> Women (n = 172) and MSM (n = 222) reporting a lifetime history of both receptive oral and anal sex completed a structured questionnaire and clinicians collected swab samples from the pharynx and anorectum. Vaginal swabs were obtained from women and urine samples from men. Testing for CT and GC was performed using Cepheid Xpert CT/NG (Xpert) and Gen-Probe Aptima (AC2). True positives were defined if both AC2 and Xpert were positive, if GC culture was positive, or if either AC2 or Xpert were positive and confirmatory tests APTIMA CT or APTIMA GC were positive. <h3>Results</h3> Identification of GC and/or CT at any site (pharyngeal, rectal or genitourinary) occurred in 78/222 (35%) males and 25/172 (14.5%) of females. Only 8 (2%) of pharyngeal swab samples were positive for CT, while 4 women (2.3%) and 37 (16.7%) men tested positive for pharyngeal GC based on NAAT. GC culture of the pharynx was performed for 373 of participants in the study, and was positive in 13 (3.5%), for a &nbsp;sensitivity of 32% for culture vs NAAT. Overall, 17/55 (31%) of the total GC infections in men would have been missed without NAAT pharyngeal testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Men who report a lifetime history of receptive oral intercourse have high rates of pharyngeal GC, most of which will remain undetected unless NAAT is used. The frequency of pharyngeal infection due to CT is low even among people having high overall rates of infection. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> Reagents for CT/GC testing were provided for by Cepheid and Hologic.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Roberta Rossini, Giuseppe Musumeci, Corrado Lettieri, Ugo Limbruno, Davide Capodanno, Paola Mantovani, Paolo Calabria, Tamar Nijaradze, Luca Tomasi, Andrea Micheli, Laurian Mihalcsik, Luigi Fiocca, Dominick Angiolillo, Antonello Gavazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Ultrasonography inbstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Donald L. King
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This outstanding book is a major contributionield. It has been completcom-ipletelylication of the first edition fears ago. Tedition 5 yhave c. Twent buted 496 pages in 22 chapters and three appendixes with excellent illustrations, diagrams, tables, and plates too numerous to count. It is an authoritative text for the student, covering the field from the basics of the ultrasound examination to the subtleties of fetal anomalies. For the experienced practitioner it is a valuable reference to round out knowledge and perspective on the many complex areas of obstetric ultrasonography. Each chapter is meticulously referenced, providing easy access to the primary literature. Several chapters go beyond the traditional subjects of sonography to inform the sonographer and sonologist of closely related areas having a major impact on their practice. These include the role, methods, and potential of genetic screening; the role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in obstetrics;
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Peter S. Mueller
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I welcome the opportunity to reply to Dr Feldman's comment on our report on a new treatment (bromocriptine mesylate) of NMS, a complication of neuroleptic therapy or dopaminergic drug withdrawal or both. In regard to the first question on the exclusion of "acute lethal catatonia" from our differential diagnosis, I agree with the excellent reviews of both Dr Gelenberg<sup>1</sup>(quoted by Dr Feldman) and Dr Caroff<sup>2</sup>that "Catatonia" is a nonspecific descriptive syndrome. Catatonia may emanate from a myriad of possible causes. I believe that many (if not most) authors and clinicians would consider the catatonia that follows neuroleptic medication and/or dopaminergic drug withdrawal to be NMS. Indeed, the term<i>lethal catatonia</i>in such a clinical situation might be confusing and even deleterious if such a "diagnosis" might deter the physician from recognizing and promptly treating NMS, a potentially fatal illness. On the other hand, NMS
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION (TAVI) IN BICUSPID AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Namal Wijesinghe, Fabian Nietlispach, Ronen Gurvitch, Edgar Tay, David A. Wood, Josep Rodés-Cabau, James L. Velianou, Madhu K. Natarajan, Jian Ye, Eric Dumont, Anson Cheung, John G. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
<i>RAS</i> Mutations Are Associated With the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Tumors in Patients Treated With RAF Inhibitors
Authors: Patrick A. Oberholzer, Damien Kee, Piotr Dziunycz, Antje Sucker, Nyam Kamsukom, Robert Jones, Christine Roden, Clinton J. Chalk, Kristin Ardlie, Emanuele Palescandolo, Adriano Piris, Laura E. MacConaill, Caroline Robert, Günther F.L. Hofbauer, Grant A. McArthur, Dirk Schadendorf, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

RAF inhibitors are effective against melanomas with BRAF V600E mutations but may induce keratoacanthomas (KAs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). The potential of these agents to promote secondary malignancies is concerning. We analyzed cSCC and KA lesions for genetic mutations in an attempt to identify an underlying mechanism for their formation.Four international centers contributed 237 KA or cSCC tumor samples from patients receiving an RAF inhibitor (either vemurafenib or sorafenib; n = 19) or immunosuppression therapy (n = 53) or tumors that developed spontaneously (n = 165). Each sample was profiled for 396 known somatic mutations across 33 cancer-related genes by using a mass spectrometric-based genotyping platform.Mutations were detected in 16% of tumors (38 of 237), with five tumors harboring two mutations. Mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS, KRAS, and PIK3CA were previously described in squamous cell tumors. Mutations in MYC, FGFR3, and VHL were identified for the first time. A higher frequency of activating RAS mutations was found in tumors from patients treated with an RAF inhibitor versus populations treated with a non-RAF inhibitor (21.1% v 3.2%; P < .01), although overall mutation rates between treatment groups were similar (RAF inhibitor, 21.1%; immunosuppression, 18.9%; and spontaneous, 17.6%; P = not significant). Tumor histology (KA v cSCC), tumor site (head and neck v other), patient age (≤ 70 v > 70 years), and sex had no significant impact on mutation rate or type.Squamous cell tumors from patients treated with an RAF inhibitor have a distinct mutational profile that supports a mechanism of therapy-induced tumorigenesis in RAS-primed cells. Conceivably, cotargeting of MEK together with RAF may reduce or prevent formation of these tumors.
Excess Costs of Medical Care for Patients With Diabetes in a Managed Care Population
Authors: Joe V Selby, G Thomas Ray, Danya Zhang, Chris J Colby
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To estimate the excess costs of medical care for patients with diabetes in a managed care population and to determine the proportion of costs spent on treating the complications of diabetes.A comparison of 1-year (1994) costs of medical care in the 85,209 members of the diabetes registry of Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, and in 85,209 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects. Costs were obtained from automated program databases. Costs specifically related to treating acute and long-term complications of diabetes were identified, and the excess costs attributable to each complication in individuals with diabetes were calculated.Excess expenditures in individuals with diabetes totaled $282.7 million, or $3,494 per person. Per person expenditures for members with diabetes were 2.4 times those for matched control subjects. The largest proportion of total excess costs was for hospitalizations within the health maintenance organization (38.5%). Nearly 38% of the total excess was spent treating the long-term complications of diabetes, predominantly coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease.Diabetes is a costly condition by virtue of its high prevalence and high per person costs. A large proportion of these costs are related to treating complications of diabetes. Available evidence indicates that several measures can reduce complication rates. Thus, effective disease management programs that aim to prevent complications could potentially lead to cost savings in managed care settings.
Natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy due to lamin A/C gene mutations
Authors: Matthew R.G Taylor, Pamela R Fain, Gianfranco Sinagra, Misi L Robinson, Alastair D Robertson, Elisa Carniel, Andrea Di Lenarda, Teresa J Bohlmeyer, Debra A Ferguson, Gary L Brodsky, Mark M Boucek, Jean Lascor, Andrew C Moss, Wai-Lun P Li, Gary L Stetler, Francesco Muntoni, Michael R Bristow, Luisa Mestroni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 3551: Role of proteasome in the development of multidrug resistance in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Sorin Armeanu, Natalie Laizer, Björn Brücher, Jörg Fuchs, Guido Seitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a common problem in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The aim of this study was to investigate different mechanism of MDR in childhood RMS and to analyze possible reversal strategies. Female athymic mice underwent xenotransplantation with embryonal (A204) or alveolar (Rh30) RMS cells and were treated with vincristine (0.75 mg/kg/d i.p.). Gene expression analysis with Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays HU-Gene 1.0 revealed 2314 differentially expressed genes between the groups in alveolar RMS and 1387 in embryonal RMS. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of biological pathways and functions of these genes revealed a cluster 21 genes related to the ubiquitin pathway. Among them 4 genes shown an up-regulation and 17 a 0.5 lower expression in vincristine treated samples. Furthermore, among of 45 genes of the proteasome cluster with 35 being down-regulated in RMS from animals treated with vincristine, putative mediating the development of MDR. Changes of gene expression were confirmed by qRT-PCR for selected proteasome components, such as PSMB1, PSMB6 and PSMD14. Specific inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib and MG132 inhibits proliferation of RMS cells, but reduces the cytotoxic activity of vincristine in a cell vitality assay. Our results emphasize the role of proteasome in the development of MDR in rhabdomyosarcoma treated with vincristine. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3551.
The Probability of Dying of Injuries by the Year 2000
Authors: Lawrence D. Budnick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Life tables in which the probability of dying of injuries in the United States from 1985 to 1999 are determined may be useful for clinicians in counseling persons concerning the risk of fatal injuries. Overall, more than 1% of persons aged 10 to 34 years in 1985 probably will die of injuries by the year 2000. For white males aged 5 to 29 years in 1985, white females aged 5 to 19 years in 1985, and black males aged 5 to 24 years in 1985, over half of all the estimated deaths during the next 15 years will be probably due to injuries.
What Is Wrong with the Failing Heart?
Authors: James T. Willerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN the current issue of the Journal, Bristow et al. report that failing left ventricles obtained from patients undergoing cardiac transplantation had a 50 to 56 per cent reduction in β-adrenergic-receptor density, a 45 per cent reduction in maximal isoproterenol-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation, and 54 to 73 per cent reduction in maximal isoproterenol-stimulated contraction, as compared with left ventricular tissue from human hearts without known or suspected heart failure. The latter hearts had been donated for transplantation or obtained after natural or accidental death.1 These observations are potentially important. A reduction in the density of the β-adrenergic receptors of . . .
Penetrating injuries cost NHS more than 3m a year
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Penetrating injuries, including stabbings, may cost the NHS in England and Wales more than £3m (€4m; $6m) a year. Results from the first study to assess costs to NHS hospitals of penetrating injury show that each case of stabbing that needs treatment in hospital for three or more days costs an average of £7196 ( Injury 2008 Apr 15; doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.012).

“Our findings indicate that the initial hospital costs associated with penetrating trauma are substantial, and vary to a considerable degree by patient, injury and treatment characteristics,” say the authors. “Public health initiatives that aim to reduce the incidence and severity of penetrating trauma are therefore likely to produce significant savings in acute trauma care costs.”

The researchers found that penetrating trauma …
Comparison of Central and Peripheral Airway Inflammation between Cough Variant Asthma and Mild Asthma by Examination of Hypertonic Saline Inhalation-Induced Sputum
Authors: T. Shimoda, Y. Obase, R. Kishikawa, S. Shoji, S. Nishima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Biomarkers and clinical staging in psychiatry
Authors: Patrick McGorry, Matcheri Keshavan, Sherilyn Goldstone, Paul Amminger, Kelly Allott, Michael Berk, Suzie Lavoie, Christos Pantelis, Alison Yung, Stephen Wood, Ian Hickie
Journal: World Psychiatry (2014)

Personalized medicine is rapidly becoming a reality in today's physical medicine. However, as yet this is largely an aspirational goal in psychiatry, despite significant advances in our understanding of the biochemical, genetic and neurobiological processes underlying major mental disorders. Preventive medicine relies on the availability of predictive tools; in psychiatry we still largely lack these. Furthermore, our current diagnostic systems, with their focus on well-established, largely chronic illness, do not support a pre-emptive, let alone a preventive, approach, since it is during the early stages of a disorder that interventions have the potential to offer the greatest benefit. Here, we present a clinical staging model for severe mental disorders and discuss examples of biological markers that have already undergone some systematic evaluation and that could be integrated into such a framework. The advantage of this model is that it explicitly considers the evolution of psychopathology during the development of a mental illness and emphasizes that progression of illness is by no means inevitable, but can be altered by providing appropriate interventions that target individual modifiable risk and protective factors. The specific goals of therapeutic intervention are therefore broadened to include the prevention of illness onset or progression, and to minimize the risk of harm associated with more complex treatment regimens. The staging model also facilitates the integration of new data on the biological, social and environmental factors that influence mental illness into our clinical and diagnostic infrastructure, which will provide a major step forward in the development of a truly pre-emptive psychiatry.
Lumbar Discography
Authors: John S. Collis
Journal: JAMA (1961)

LOW BACK pain, with or without leg pain, is a frequent complaint. Even after extensive investigation, including x-rays, blood tests, spinal fluid examination, and Pantopaque myelography, often the cause is not found. Terms such as lumbago, sciatica, fibrositis, or mechanical  often are substituted for an actual diagnosis. Another specific cause of back and leg pain may now be determined. By employing lumbar discography the presence of disk degeneration can be proved, and, in some cases, established as the cause of the pain.  In a series of 1,014 consecutive cases of discography,1degenerative disk disease frequently was implicated as the cause of pain. Patients with degenerated, with protruded, and with normal disks form the basis for this study.  Analysis of Patients  There were 123 patients with degeneration of both the L 4 and L-5 disks. There were 482 patients (including the 123) with degeneration of at least one disk
Dying for drugs: Drug companies should swear "Hippocratic" oath
Authors: S. Biswas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Aronson's review of the television programme Dying for Drugs shows that the relation between medicine and drug companies is multifaceted.1 As a clinician you cannot practise without them, but at times you want to get rid of them for being unfaithful to your patients.

With the current academic …
Biologic Modifiers and Chemoprevention of Cancer of the Oral Cavity
Authors: William J. Richtsmeier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

An oncologist beginning the study of squamous-cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract is often overwhelmed by the differences in presentation, staging, biologic behavior, and treatment depending on the precise site in the head and neck. In considering the importance of the report by Lippman et al. in this issue of the Journal,1 readers who are not oncologists need to place the cancers studied in perspective. Are squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck different from other squamous-cell carcinomas, and is a tumor in the oral cavity different from one elsewhere in the head and neck? It is true that . . .
Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Bmi1 modulates its oncogenic potential, E3 ligase activity, and DNA damage repair activity in mouse prostate cancer
Authors: Karim Nacerddine, Jean-Bernard Beaudry, Vasudeva Ginjala, Bart Westerman, Francesca Mattiroli, Ji-Ying Song, Henk van der Poel, Olga Balagué Ponz, Colin Pritchard, Paulien Cornelissen-Steijger, John Zevenhoven, Ellen Tanger, Titia K. Sixma, Shridar Ganesan, Maarten van Lohuizen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major lethal malignancy in men, but the molecular events and their interplay underlying prostate carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Epigenetic events and the upregulation of polycomb group silencing proteins including Bmi1 have been described to occur during PCa progression. Here, we found that conditional overexpression of Bmi1 in mice induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and elicited invasive adenocarcinoma when combined with PTEN haploinsufficiency. In addition, Bmi1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway were coactivated in a substantial fraction of human high-grade tumors. We found that Akt mediated Bmi1 phosphorylation, enhancing its oncogenic potential in an Ink4a/Arf-independent manner. This process also modulated the DNA damage response and affected genomic stability. Together, our findings demonstrate the etiological role of Bmi1 in PCa, unravel an oncogenic collaboration between Bmi1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway, and provide mechanistic insights into the modulation of Bmi1 function by phosphorylation during prostate carcinogenesis.
Redirecting T Cells
Authors: Walter J. Urba, Dan L. Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The pursuit of tumor-reactive T cells as a cancer therapy has continued unabated since the discovery of the graft-versus-leukemia effect in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.1 Some successes have been noted: the adoptive transfer of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–specific T cells can prevent and treat post-transplantation lymphomas,2 and the adoptive transfer of in vitro activated and expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after systemic depletion of lymphocytes induces durable complete remissions in some heavily pretreated patients with metastatic melanoma.3 Therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is difficult and expensive, and it has benefited only patients with melanoma. Redirecting T cells by gene transfer of . . .
Alexander Coulter Darrah
Authors: Robert Logan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Ballynure/Ballyclare (b County Armagh 1921; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1946; FRCGP), died from Parkinson's disease on 26 December 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Coulter entered general practice at the start of the NHS. In 1951 he took time out and obtained a diploma in public health. He promoted a primary care team, group practice, and a large health centre. He developed a special interest in psychiatric problems, writing articles and giving lectures about death and bereavement. For several years he was the coroner for County Antrim. He was an all-round sportsman—a winner of an All-Ireland Gold Medal at 440 yards and captain of many teams. He leaves a wife, Chris; three children; and three grandchildren.