tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity
Authors: Maud Déruaz, Achim Frauenschuh, Ana L. Alessandri, João M. Dias, Fernanda M. Coelho, Remo C. Russo, Beatriz R. Ferreira, Gerard J. Graham, Jeffrey P. Shaw, Timothy N.C. Wells, Mauro M. Teixeira, Christine A. Power, Amanda E.I. Proudfoot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. One possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. We have identified distinct cDNAs encoding novel chemokine binding proteins (CHPBs), which we have termed Evasins, using an expression cloning approach. These CHBPs have unusually stringent chemokine selectivity, differentiating them from broader spectrum viral CHBPs. Evasin-1 binds to CCL3, CCL4, and CCL18; Evasin-3 binds to CXCL8 and CXCL1; and Evasin-4 binds to CCL5 and CCL11. We report the characterization of Evasin-1 and -3, which are unrelated in primary sequence and tertiary structure, and reveal novel folds. Administration of recombinant Evasin-1 and -3 in animal models of disease demonstrates that they have potent antiinflammatory properties. These novel CHBPs designed by nature are even smaller than the recently described single-domain antibodies (Hollinger, P., and P.J. Hudson. 2005. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1126–1136), and may be therapeutically useful as novel antiinflammatory agents in the future.
Internal-Mammary-Artery Ligation for Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: Ralph Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS report is a summary of observations made in an attempt to evaluate internal-mammary-artery ligation as a method of therapy for coronary insufficiency. Angina pectoris, myocardial ischemia and infarction, and major arrhythmias are regarded in this study as variable sequelae to inadequate coronary-artery inflow.Case ReportsCase 1. M.B., an 80-year-old woman, had a 6 months' history of increasingly severe anginal pain radiating from the precordium to the left shoulder, accompanied by regurgitation of frothy mucus. Fluoroscopically, the heart was grossly enlarged, with pulsations barely visible, and there was variable cardiospasm of the distal esophagus. An electrocardiogram gave evidence of . . .
Abstract P1-15-10: Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Sequential Anthracycline and Taxane Chemotherapy: An institutional experience
Authors: C Staudigl, M Seifert, M-K Tea, G Pfeiler, A Fink-Retter, N Fritzer, CF Singer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Sequential regimen of anthracyclines and taxanes are commonly used in patients with early stage breast cancer (BC) and curative treatment intent. Due to the associated myelotoxicity, internationally accepted guidelines recommend granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) as primary or secondary prophylaxis, dependent on chemotherapy (CT) and patient-associated risk of febrile neutropenia. As part of a quality control initiative at our center, we have analyzed rates of grade 1 or 2 (&amp;lt;2.0 to &amp;gt;1.0 × 109/L) and 3 or 4 (&amp;lt;1.0 to &amp;lt;0.5 × 109/L) neutropenia, febrile neutropenia (&amp;lt;0.5 × 109/L and single oral temperature ≥38.3°C/100.4°F), CT dose reductions, anti-infective use, and hospitalizations in cycles with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis. Methods: Patients (pts) with BC stages I to III received four three-weekly (q21) cycles of adjuvant or neoadjuvant EC (Epirubicin 90 mg/m2 + Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 q21) followed by four cycles of D (Docetaxel 100 mg/m2 q21) plus primary or secondary pegfilgrastim prophylaxis. Chart records were collected and analyzed retrospectively for patients treated between 2009 and 2012 at our institution for incidence of neutropenia and for the presence of neutropenia-associated risk factors. Only cycles with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis were considered for this analysis. Results: 100 consecutive patients were identified who had overall received 200 EC cycles followed by 251 D cycles under G-CSF prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim. Pts age mean: 51,57 (SD:11,23), BMI mean: 25,8 (SD:5,03) were well controlled in both sequences. Overall, neutropenia was significantly higher for EC (p = 0.001), however higher grade neutropenia (Grade3 and 4) were comparable (p = 0.200). No statistically significant correlations were found between neutropenia and age or body mass index. Conclusions: Sequential use of EC followed by D in combination with prophylactic pegfilgrastim results in lower den expected FN rate [1]. In contrast to most published trials EC leads to significantly more neutropenias than D. However, the use of pegfilgrastim reduces both EC and D associated neutropenias grade 3 and 4 to a similar extent. References: 1. Aapro, M.S., et al., 2010 update of EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumours. Eur J Cancer. 47(1): p. 8–32. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-10.
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BILATERAL RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS
Authors: Leung Lee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

In the presence of reticuloendothelial blockade, the intravenous injection of a protein antigen into specifically immunized rabbits or the infusion of soluble immune complexes into normal animals has been shown to result in the production of bilateral renal cortical necrosis. The similarity in the pathogenesis of this lesion and that seen in the classical generalized Shwartzman reaction produced by bacterial endotoxins is indicated by (a) the failure of both lesions to develop in animals pretreated with large doses of heparin, (b) by the finding of "heparin-precipitable fibrinogen" in the circulation, and (c) by the presence of massive fibrin deposits within the glomerular capillaries. These findings indicate that antigen-antibody reactions in vivo are capable of activating the blood coagulation system and that the mode of action of bacterial endotoxins may have an immunological basis.
Crosslinking of surface immunoglobulin and Fc receptors on B lymphocytes inhibits stimulation of inositol phospholipid breakdown via the antigen receptors.
Authors: M K Bijsterbosch, G G Klaus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit anti-mouse Ig induce proliferation of murine B lymphocytes, whereas the intact antibodies are not mitogenic. F(ab')2 anti-Ig stimulates the rapid breakdown of inositol phospholipids in B cells, resulting in the prolonged release of inositol (poly)phosphates and diacylglycerol. In marked contrast, intact anti-Ig initially induces a comparable response, which is abrogated after some 30 s. Blocking either the Fc receptors on the B cells or the Fc portion of the antibodies significantly reversed the inhibitory effect. On the other hand, both forms of anti-Ig elicited comparable increases in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in B cells. These results therefore indicate that crosslinkage of Fc and surface Ig receptors on B cells inhibits inositol phospholipid breakdown (but not Ca2+ flux) resulting from ligation of the antigen receptors. Since there is evidence implicating inositol phospholipid breakdown in the induction of cell growth, this effect could provide a biochemical explanation for the known capacity of antigen-antibody complexes to inhibit B cell activation.
Alastair MacIntosh MacLachlainn (1892-1959): an unusual career
Authors: J. C. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A gap of 31 years from starting at medical to school to qualifying as a doctor is unusual. But then there was little that was usual about Alastair MacIntosh MacLachlainn. Born a member of the Scottish Lachlainn Laudail clan, whose forbearers fought for the Young Pretender at Culloden, he left his native Mull aged 11, after the death of his parents, to be educated at Cheltenham College. There he won a scholarship to read classics at Merton College, Oxford, in 1911, where he took up rowing and long distance running.

A year later he changed tack and enrolled as a medical student at Edinburgh University. He joined the university officers' training corps and in 1914 applied for a commission in the army. After being turned down because of his poor eyesight he applied again, this time to the Scottish Horse Field Ambulance Section, and took the precaution, along with other bespectacled companions, of bribing an orderly into letting him see the sight chart before the medical took place. It was a successful ruse, and as a member of the Scottish Horse he served in Gallipoli as a theatre orderly in the field hospital under Colonel (later Sir) Henry Wade. Alistair washed his only shirt under gun fire, ate the mules' fodder to supplement his meagre rations, …
Prevention and control of childhood asthma and allergy in the <scp>EU</scp> from the public health point of view: Polish Presidency of the European Union
Authors: B. Samoliński, A. Fronczak, P. Kuna, C. A. Akdis, J. M. Anto, A. Z. Bialoszewski, P. G. Burney, A. Bush, A. Czupryniak, R. Dahl, B. Flood, G. Galea, M. Jutel, M. L. Kowalski, S. Palkonen, N. Papadopoulos, F. Raciborski, D. Sienkiewicz, A. Tomaszewska, E. Von Mutius, D. Willman, A. Włodarczyk, O. Yusuf, T. Zuberbier, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract The leading priority for the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union was to reduce health inequalities across European societies, and, within its framework, prevention and control of respiratory diseases in children. This very important paper contain proposal of international cooperation on the prevention, early detection and monitoring of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood which will be undertaken by the EU member countries as a result of EU conclusion developed during the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. This will result in collaboration in the field of chronic diseases, particularly respiratory diseases, together with the activity of the network of national institutions and NGO s in this area. Paper also contains extensive analysis of the socio‐economic, political, epidemiological, technological and medical factors affecting the prevention and control of childhood asthma and allergy presented during Experts presidential conference organized in Warsaw‐Ossa 21–22 September 2011.
Environmental Physiology: Aging, Heat and Altitude
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The proceedings on environmental physiology embracing aging, heat, and altitude, were presented at a conference held recently at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The symposium was designed to honor David Bruce Dill, still active at his 88th birthday, having achieved fame as the scientific director of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory from 1927 to 1941. The unique laboratory was a highly successful creation of Lawrence J. Henderson of Henderson-Hasselbach fame, professor of chemistry at Harvard University. The laboratory was supported by grants from the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Foundation and occupied space in the then-new Harvard Business School complex across the Charles River from Harvard College in Cambridge. During its highly productive years under D. B. Dill, the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory attracted to its program topflight scientists from widely dispersed schools of international reputation, in the pursuit of research on oxygen transport and physicochemical properties of blood. This included disproving the
Abstract 5588: Szygium aromaticum (clove): A novel natural breast cancer inhibitor
Authors: Hong Li, Larry Tait, Avraham Raz, Pratima Nangia-Makker
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The dried flower buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum syn Eugenia aromaticum or caryophyllata) belonging to family Myrtaceae are used as a spice worldwide. Clove has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial, anti-viral, anesthetic, insecticidal, anti-convulsant, anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities. Eugenol, an active component of essential oil isolated from clove has anti-mutagenic, anti-genotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. It also restricts DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Aqueous extract of clove was effective in reducing the incidence of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ in benzo[a]pyrene induced lung carcinoma in mice. However, there are no reports on the effects of clove on human cancers. In this study we have analyzed the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extract of clove (CAE) on breast cancer using in vitro studies like cell growth, cell migration, three-dimensional capillary tube formation / morphogenesis and apoptosis; and in vivo studies like breast tumor growth in nude mice. Our results indicate that CAE inhibited the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF10ADCIS.com, and MCF10AEIII 8 cells in a dose dependent manner. In addition, it also reduced cell migration towards Matrigel. CAE also inhibited the enzymatic activity of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which was analyzed by using two substrates, namely galectin-3 and a fluorescence-quenched substrate MOCAcPLGLA2pr(Dnp)AR-NH2. Cell cycle analysis of MCF10ADCIS.com cells using flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated an arrest mainly in S-phase. We also observed an inhibition of DNA synthesis in CAE-treated MCF10ADCIS.com cells by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-8 remained unchanged after CAE treatment, but CDK2, CDK4, cyclin A and cyclin D2 were down-regulated in treated cells indicating that CAE might affect tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis. There was a 50% reduction in tumor volume in nude mice injected with MCF10ADCIS.com cells that received CAE extract in their drinking water compared to the control mice. The expression of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and tumor progression markers (PCNA, TUNEL, p63, CD31, smooth muscle actin, collagen IV, MMP-2 are being investigated in the xenografts. The results suggest that CAE may be explored further as a novel inhibitor of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5588. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5588
THE DISINFECTION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS CARRIERS
Authors: JOHN A. KOLMER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is now held by most observers that fatigue is associated with the production of certain toxins which act on the central nervous system as well as on muscle tissue.Therefore, in addition to nerve exhaustion, the theory of a low grade intoxication of the nerve centers from fatigue products must be considered as a possible explanation of the symptoms.Among these may be mentioned such substances as carbon dioxid, paralactic acid and monopotassium phosphate (Lee1).Indeed, Weichardt2 has long maintained that a specific fatigue toxin exists, and is the essential etiologic factor in the production of its characteristic manifestations, a theory which has been recently questioned by Lee and Aronowitch.3The subject of fatigue has been carefully studied by many observers in different fields @f research, and among its recognized mental symptoms are a dimin¬ ished power of attention, a lack of the ability to con¬ centrate, a slow reaction to sensory stimuli, and slow¬ ness in reasoning, as well as errors and slowness in mathematical calculation (Lee4).If such symptoms were present in any marked degree and associated with the somatic symptoms mentioned above, they might
ROCK and JAK1 Signaling Cooperate to Control Actomyosin Contractility in Tumor Cells and Stroma
Authors: Victoria Sanz-Moreno, Cedric Gaggioli, Maggie Yeo, Jean Albrengues, Fredrik Wallberg, Amaya Viros, Steven Hooper, Richard Mitter, Chloé C. Féral, Martin Cook, James Larkin, Richard Marais, Guerrino Meneguzzi, Erik Sahai, Chris J. Marshall
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Prognostic value of serial B‐type natriuretic peptide measurement in asymptomatic organic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Ursula Klaar, Harald Gabriel, Jutta Bergler‐Klein, Elisabeth Pernicka, Maria Heger, Julia Mascherbauer, Raphael Rosenhek, Thomas Binder, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Combined-Modality Therapy for Rectal Carcinoma — The Time Has Come
Authors: Glenn Steele
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Even the most skeptical observer should be impressed by the rapidity of scientific advances in our management of colorectal cancer, a disease that until recently consumed substantial research efforts that provided no direct benefit to the patient. Now, however, research on this disease is yielding information that promises to be of practical importance. For example, dramatic improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer will probably stem from the delineation of the progressive genetic changes during the transition from normal bowel epithelium to a premalignant polyp and from dysplasia to transformation,1 the identification of gene products that enable cancer . . .
Another Look at Immunologic Surveillance
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE idea that the immune response is the principal defense against neoplastic cells has had a profound influence on cancer research, particularly during the past decade. Soon after its explicit formulation by Thomas,1 Burnet2 elaborated this concept into a theory that he termed immunologic surveillance. Its central theme is that ordinarily an immune response destroys cancer cells while they are still in the incipient stage of tumor formation. Both Thomas and Burnet reasoned that malignant cells should differ antigenically from normal cells and thereby elicit a protective immunologic reaction, perhaps of the same type that destroys grafts of foreign cells. . . .
Hypothalamic huntingtin-associated protein 1 as a mediator of feeding behavior
Authors: Guoqing Sheng, Guo-qing Chang, John Y Lin, Zhao-Xue Yu, Zhi-Hui Fang, Juan Rong, Stuart A Lipton, Shi-Hua Li, Gang Tong, Sarah F Leibowitz, Xiao-Jiang Li
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Hepatic stellate cell protrusions couple platelet-derived growth factor-BB to chemotaxis
Authors: Andrew C. Melton, Hal F. Yee
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatic stellate cells play an essential role in the liver's injury response. Although stellate cells are defined by the presence of cytoplasmic protrusions, the function of these characteristic structures has been obscure. We hypothesized that stellate cell protrusions act by coupling injury-associated stimuli to chemotaxis. To test this hypothesis, we developed an assay for directly visualizing the response of living stellate cells in early primary culture to local stimulation of the tips of protrusions with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF). Stellate cells exhibited elongate protrusions containing actin, myosin, and tubulin. PDGF, but not cytochrome C, localized at a protrusion tip induced a coordinated series of morphological events--cell spreading at the tip, movement of the cell body toward the PDGF, and retraction of trailing protrusions--that resulted in chemotaxis. Soluble PDGF and AG 1296, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, both reduced stellate cell chemotaxis. PDGF-induced chemotaxis was associated with an early and transient increase in myosin phosphorylation within the spreading lamella. We observed that blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, completely and reversibly blocked protrusion-mediated lamella formation and chemotaxis. Moreover, blockade of MRLC phosphorylation with the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, ML-7, or the rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, blocked lamella formation, myosin phosphorylation within the protrusion, and chemotaxis.These results support a model in which protrusions permit stellate cells to promptly detect PDGF distant from their cell bodies and transduce this signal into mechanical forces that propel the cell toward the site of injury.
Charity and Peer Review in Publication
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Though I speak with the tongues of men and angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.ST. Paul in so addressing the Corinthians may have thought of "charity" as synonymous with "love of God," but if charity is taken to mean love of mankind in general, this Christian apostle's message is surely ecumenical and timeless — to be . . .
Transient Nonvisualization of Gallbladder in an Asphyxiated Neonate
Authors: POLO SUJOV, SYLVIA HERSCHKOWITZ, JACQUELINE JERUSHALMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Biliary scintigraphy was performed in an asphyxiated neonate with gallbladder distention. There was no visualization of the gallbladder until 24 hours after injection, and this indicated the presence of cystic duct obstruction. After 2 days of conservative treatment, the distention was resolved and in a repeat study the gallbladder was normally visualized. This case demonstrates that nonvisualization of a distended gallbladder in an asphyxiated neonate may be a transient phenomenon and no aggressive treatment is indicated.
Esophageal Strictures Complicating Cytomegalovirus Ulcers in Patients with AIDS
Authors: M. Olmos, A. Sanchez Basso, M. Battaglia, H. Concetti, F. Magnanini
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection frequently complicates the course of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the esophagus, CMV produces ulcers, which cause dysphagia and odynophagia. Despite the extensive nature of these ulcerations, complications such as bleeding, tracheoesophageal fistula, or strictures are uncommon [1] [2] .
Res ipsa loquitur. 4. Anesthesia
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

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