tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of Glucose and Insulin Responses to Mixed Meal in Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jean-Pierre Le Floch, Eric Baudin, Philippe Escuyer, Evelyne Wirquin, Bernard Yomtov, Léon Perlemuter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The reproducibility of glucose and insulin responses to a mixed meal were studied in 24 consecutive non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients, the diet of which matched the tested diet. Patients received their usual treatment throughout the study.A standardized diet was followed for 3 days, and responses were measured on the 2nd and 3rd days. Glucose and insulin responses were studied after lunches with the 180-min positive area under the curve, and were analyzed with paired t test and Pearson's linear regression.Glucose responses did not vary (217 +/- 50 vs. 217 +/- 38 min x mM, NS) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P less than 0.01). Insulin responses did not vary (35,224 +/- 5768 vs. 35,305 +/- 7779 min x pM, NS) and were strongly correlated (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001).These results suggest that glucose and insulin responses to a test meal are reproducible in type II diabetic patients.
Radiosurgery for brain tumours
Authors: S. Short, J. Tobias
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Technology is still moving faster than evidence, but the tide is turning

Radiotherapy technology has developed rapidly in the past few years, and the number of methods for delivering accurate highly conformal treatment has expanded. Highly conformal radiotherapy closely matches a high radiation dose to the tumour volume and has the advantage of being a non-invasive treatment that can be offered to many patients for whom surgery would not be feasible. It is an alternative to surgery for a variety of lesions in the central nervous system.

Radiosurgery is highly focused radiotherapy given as a single treatment or a few treatments. It aims to ablate the tumour target while delivering very low doses to surrounding normal tissue. Historically, this has relied on frame based stereotactic approaches that can accurately localise the tumour and target the beam in three dimensional space. The most commonly used delivery device has been the multi-source cobalt system developed by Lars Leskell in 1968 and known as the gamma knife. Options now include …
The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology
Authors: Keen A. Rafferty
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This is a generally excellent text, and entirely adequate for the medical student. It is purposefully reduced in content in terms of the standards set by the older, classical treatments, which are too extensive for modernday medical education in the United States (and apparently also in Canada, where the author is Head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Manitoba). The book is similar to some others that have been on the market for several years now and a few of which are also quite adequate for educating the medical student in development. Every book has its own special character, however, and the distinguishing features of the present effort are heavy emphasis on late fetal developmental events, presented in terms of pathology and of congenital abnormalities and their causes, rather than in terms of scholarly description per se. This is not to indicate that scholarship is lacking but
Orthotopic cardiac transplantation reverses abnormal reflex regulation of the microvasculature in the lower leg
Authors: H. Wroblewski, S. A. Mortensen, S. Haunso, J. Kastrup
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Orthotopic cardiac transplantation reverses abnormal reflex regulation of the microvasculature in the lower leg Get access Henrik Wroblewski, Henrik Wroblewski Department of Medicine B (2142), Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark H Wroblewski, S A Mortensen, S Haunsø, J Kastrup. Correspondence to Dr Wroblewski. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Svend Aage Mortensen, Svend Aage Mortensen Department of Medicine B (2142), Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark H Wroblewski, S A Mortensen, S Haunsø, J Kastrup. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stig Haunsø, Stig Haunsø Department of Medicine B (2142), Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark H Wroblewski, S A Mortensen, S Haunsø, J Kastrup. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jens Kastrup Jens Kastrup Department of Medicine B (2142), Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark H Wroblewski, S A Mortensen, S Haunsø, J Kastrup. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 1994, Pages 1707–1712, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1707 Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Received: 18 March 1994 Accepted: 11 August 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Life expectancy and coronary artery disease.
Authors: M B Baird, H R Massie, J L Hough
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Ad>120 msec" or "LP2<-3.5 ,uV" should have been written: "predictive accuracy."We are also aware of the importance of the prevalence in the general population to draw a positive or negative value as a diagnostic tool.In this matter, we agree with them.However, we chose as our target a hospital population mainly to differentiate the disease from the normal but not the general population, which makes it possible to diagnose it based on the prevalence of the disease, because it is very difficult to detect patients with paroxys- mal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm.Another study on the prevalence may be needed to screen the general population.However, the prevalence itself of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation seems very difficult to obtain, especially in the case of asymptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or even symp- tomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without stroke.Conse- quently, from the present study, the sensitivity and specificity are at least valid because these do not depend on the prevalence.Also, the reason of having presented the predictive accuracy is that the positive predictive value is more heavily affected by the prevalence than the predictive accuracy.The meaning of the screening is "the presumptive identification of an unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests which can be applied rapidly" (cited from Reference 2)."A screening test is not intended to be diagnostic".2However, they appear to think that a positive result of the test indicates a need of anticoagulant therapy for prevention of stroke.In fact, we are now using this method in clinical situations as a screening test to do further examination (but not as a diagnostic tool) in patients suffering from paroxysmal palpitation.As they stated in their letter, atrial fibrillation, whether it is chronic or paroxysmal, is a potential risk of systemic thromboem- bolism.34We previously demonstrated5 that atrial fibrillation itself may be more important than factors predisposing to atrial fibril- lation in the development of intracardiovascular clotting, which was compatible with the results in this study in terms of independence of the presence of underlying organic heart disease.There- fore, such a screening test is thought to be more important in patients without organic heart disease who visit a hospital only because of palpitation or chest discomfort.
Some immediate hemodynamic consequences of closure of atrial septal defects of the secundum type.
Authors: T Søndergård, P K Paulsen
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The circumclusion method for surgical closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) of the secundum type makes it possible, during surgery, to close and reopen the defect as desired. In each of 23 patients the following statistically significant pressure and flow changes were found when the ASD was closed: increasing mean pressures in the ascending aorta (from 74 to 87 mm Hg), left atrium (from 10 to 18 mm Hg), and right pulmonary artery (from 20 to 24 mm Hg); increasing mean flows in the ascending aorta (from 84 to 111 ml/min/kg); decreasing mean pressures in the right atrium (from 9.0 to 7.7 mm Hg); and decreasing mean flows in the right pulmonary artery (from 78 to 46 ml/min/kg). Surprisingly, no correlation between shunt size determined before and during surgery was found. However, in the calculation of the intraoperative shunt, several factors might have contributed to an erroneous result. In 17 patients a right heart catheterization was performed in the third to thirteenth postoperative month and the following statistically significant changes from the intraoperative results with closed ASD were found: The intraoperative mean pressure in the left atrium (18 mm Hg) decreased to 7.3 mm Hg after surgery (pulmonary wedge pressure), the pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 23 to 13 mm Hg, and the right atrial pressure from 8.2 to 1.6 mm Hg.
An Introduction to Body Fluid Metabolism
Authors: E. F. Adolph
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ABSTRACT Programmed instruction is spreading in American educational institutions. This book constitutes a serious attempt to introduce it into the science of physiology.Programmed instruction furnishes material for study, hopefully cast in a form that challenges each student. There are stepwise questions. If the student answers a question correctly he is rewarded by praise and a pellet of further concept or information; if the answer is incorrect, the student's misguided notions are pointed out, and he is asked to retrace his steps. Logical reasoning is emphasized by example and incentive.Obviously, the book is doing what an instructor would do personally, if he had time to challenge each student individually. The student is called upon to build a structure of understanding by facing a series of carefully selected decisions which require systematic thought. There are other goals to education besides enabling students to pass an examination. These aims must exist without
Pilot study of combination transcriptional modulation therapy with sodium phenylbutyrate and 5-azacytidine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: P Maslak, S Chanel, L H Camacho, S Soignet, P P Pandolfi, I Guernah, R Warrell, S Nimer
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Measurement of interstitial cetirizine concentrations in human skin: correlation of drug levels with inhibition of histamine‐induced skin responses
Authors: LJ Petersen, MK Church, J‐P Rihoux, PS Skov
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: The purpose of the present study was to measure the concentrations of cetirizine in the extracellular water compartment in intact human skin and assess simultaneously inhibition of histamine‐induced wheal and flare reactions. Methods: Skin cetirizine levels were collected by the microdialysis technique and analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Skin levels in 20 subjects were compared to plasma levels for 4 h after a single oral dose of 10 or 20 mg of cetirizine. Skin prick tests were performed with histamine 100 mg/ml. Results: Plasma cetirizine levels increased within 30 min to reach peak values of 315±10 and 786±45 ng/ml 90–120 min after administration of 10 and 20 mg of cetirizine. This was followed by a slow decline. In the skin, dialysate cetirizine levels (non‐protein‐bound fraction only) peaked at 1.6±0.1 and 2.4±0.3 ng/ml at 120–180 min. In vivo recovery of cetirizine was 14.4±4.3%. It was estimated that the non‐protein‐bound concentration of cetirizine in the skin was 50–70% of corresponding plasma values. Both 10‐ and 20‐mg doses of cetirizine inhibited wheal and flare reactions over 240 min. The time vs concentration profile of cetirizine in skin dialysate paralleled the inhibition of skin reactions, but no significant correlations were found between individual cetirizine levels in skin or plasma with wheal and flare reactions. Conclusions: Cetirizine concentrations in the skin could be monitored by the microdialysis technique. The results indicate no simple linear correlation between cetirizine skin levels and inhibition of skin reactions.
A carboxy-terminal truncation of human alpha-galactosidase A in a heterozygous female with Fabry disease and modification of the enzymatic activity by the carboxy-terminal domain. Increased, reduced, or absent enzyme activity depending on number of amino acid residues deleted.
Authors: N Miyamura, E Araki, K Matsuda, R Yoshimura, N Furukawa, K Tsuruzoe, T Shirotani, H Kishikawa, K Yamaguchi, M Shichiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A). We identified a novel mutation of alpha-Gal A gene in a family with Fabry disease, which converted a tyrosine at codon 365 to a stop and resulted in a truncation of the carboxy (C) terminus by 65 amino acid (AA) residues. In a heterozygote of this family, although the mutant and normal alleles were equally transcribed in cultured fibroblasts, lymphocyte alpha-Gal A activity was approximately 30% of the normal control and severe clinical symptoms were apparent. COS-1 cells transfected with this mutant cDNA showed a complete loss of its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, those cotransfected with mutant and wildtype cDNAs showed a lower alpha-Gal A activity than those with wild type alone (approximately 30% of wild type alone), which suggested the dominant negative effect of this mutation and implied the importance of the C terminus for its activity. Thus, we generated mutant cDNAs with various deletion of the C terminus, and analyzed. Unexpectedly, alpha-Gal A activity was enhanced by up to sixfold compared with wild-type when from 2 to 10 AA residues were deleted. In contrast, deletion of 12 or more AA acid residues resulted in a complete loss of enzyme activity. Our data suggest that the C-terminal region of alpha-Gal A plays an important role in the regulation of its enzyme activity.
The Treatment of Hepatic Coma
Authors: Don P. Jones, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THERAPEUTIC regimens for hepatic precoma or coma depend upon the recognition and elimination of known precipitating factors. When precipitating factors cannot be found or eliminated, or when the liver fails from progressive primary hepatocellular disease, the prognosis is poor in spite of current therapies.The most frequent cause of hepatic coma is the inability of the liver sufficiently to remove toxic substances that have gained access to the circulation. The identity of all these toxic compounds is not known. Most of them are probably nitrogenous, and ammonia may well be the most important.These substances usually gain access to the . . .
X–linked thrombocytopenia and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome are allelic diseases with mutations in the WASP gene
Authors: Anna Villa, Luigi Notarangelo, Paolo Macchi, Elide Mantuano, Giovanni Cavagni, Duilio Brugnoni, Dario Strina, M Cristina Patrosso, Ugo Ramenghi, Maria Grazia Sacco, Alberto Ugazio, Paolo Vezzoni
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Effects of simulated ischemia and reperfusion on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of digitonin-lysed cardiomyocytes.
Authors: C M Hohl, A A Garleb, R A Altschuld
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

ATP-dependent, inorganic phosphate-supported 45Ca2+ uptake by digitonin-lysed adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes was used to evaluate the effects of simulated ischemia and reperfusion on the physically intact sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial reactions were inhibited with rotenone and oligomycin. 45Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of the calcium efflux inhibitors, procaine (10 mM) and ruthenium red (30 microM), was used to characterize unidirectional uptake kinetics. A decrease in pH from 7.2 to 6.6 increased the [Ca2+] K0.5 from 0.5 to 2.0 microM and reduced the apparent Vmax by 28%. In the absence of procaine and ruthenium red, at a free [Mg2+] of 0.5 mM, maximum net uptake occurred at pCa 6.2 when pH was 7.2 and at pCa 6.0 when pH was 6.6. At lower pCa, net Ca2+ accumulation declined. Increasing free [Mg2+] from 0.5 to 1 mM at pH 6.6 or to 2.5 mM at pH 7.2 increased net 45Ca2+ accumulation in the absence of procaine and ruthenium and shifted maximum uptake to pCa 5.6 and 6.0, respectively. Increases in cytosolic free [Mg2+] thought to occur during myocardial ischemia are therefore capable of inhibiting calcium efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Reducing [ATP] from 10 to 1 mM reduced maximum net 45Ca2+ uptake by 30% both in the presence and absence of efflux inhibitors. Preincubation of intact myocytes under conditions designed to simulate ischemia and reperfusion decreased 45Ca2+ uptake greater than or equal to 50%. The data indicate that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion can alter both Ca2+ accumulation and calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
SOME RECENT DISCOVERIES IN REGARD TO THE MODE OF ACTION AND CHEMISTRY OF COD LIVER OIL.
Authors: F. E. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The mode of action and chemistry of cod liver oil has long been a subject of controversy, one side contending that the oil from the liver of the cod is "merely a nutritive agent having the advantage over other fats of a readier entrance into the system, and a more ready assimilation," and the other side contending that, "on account of some peculiar principle or principles it contains, cod liver oil exercises a stimulant and alterative influence on the processes of assimilation and nutrition, thereby aiding in the production of healthy tissue." It is a well-known fact that fat itself, when taken as a food, does not necessarily fatten, and that the fat of our bodies is derived from a conversion of proteids and carbohydrates, fat itself playing a very insubordinate part in the process. This is strikingly illustrated by the various diets recommended for the treatment of obesity. Ebstein
An Operative and Anatomic Study to Help in Nerve Sparing during Laparoscopic and Robotic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Ashutosh Tewari, James O Peabody, Melissa Fischer, Richard Sarle, Guy Vallancien, V Delmas, Mazen Hassan, Aditya Bansal, Ashok K Hemal, Bertrand Guillonneau, Mani Menon
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Maintenance of exercise stroke volume during ventricular versus atrial synchronous pacing: role of contractility.
Authors: K Ausubel, R M Steingart, M Shimshi, P Klementowicz, S Furman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Although atrial synchronous and rate-responsive ventricular pacing have been compared, the importance of maintaining synchronized atrial systole in addition to rate responsiveness has been incompletely defined. That is, the effects of these two pacing modes on cardiac volumes and contractility have not been studied. Accordingly, 16 patients with normal ventricular function were studied while in the upright position and at rest with gated radionuclide ventriculography during both atrial synchronous and ventricular pacing. Twelve of these patients were also studied during low-level upright exercise (300 kilopond-meters). Rest and exercise ventricular pacing heart rates were matched to those recorded with synchronous pacing. Ventricular volumes were determined with a counts-based method. The ejection fraction and peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volumes or contractility between the two pacing modes. However, during exercise to identical heart rates, blood pressures, and workloads, although stroke volume was the same during exercise with atrial synchronous and ventricular pacing (78 +/- 13 vs 75 +/- 12 ml), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were lower with ventricular pacing than with atrial synchronous pacing (end-diastolic volume 101 +/- 13 vs 113 +/- 16 ml, p less than .001; end-systolic volume 26 +/- 4 vs 35 +/- 7 ml, p less than .001). Stroke volume during ventricular paced exercise was maintained at atrial synchronous pacing levels by means of increased contractility (ejection fraction of 74 +/- 4% during ventricular pacing vs 69 +/- 5% during atrial synchronous pacing, p = .002; peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio of 6.51 +/- 1 during ventricular pacing vs 4.85 +/- 1 during atrial synchronous pacing, p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Successful Use of Bromocriptine in the Treatment of a Patient with Chronic Portasystemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Marsha Y. Morgan, Andrew Jakobovits, Alick Elithorn, Ian M. James, Sheila Sherlock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Since bromocriptine is a specific dopamine receptor agonist with a prolonged action,1 it should theoretically affect chronic portasystemic encephalopathy, in which a defect in dopaminergic neurotransmission is postulated.2 The drug was successful in the following patient, who had previously been incapacitated by this condition.Case ReportA 49-year-old man was diagnosed as having alcoholic cirrhosis in 1969. He had not abused alcohol since then. By 1972 he had chronic portasystemic encephalopathy, which improved with dietary protein restriction. Over the next four years, however, his condition deteriorated to the point where he became incapable of independent existence. Lactulose, neomycin and tetracycline . . .
Improve Survival Prediction Using Principal Components of Gene Expression Data
Authors: Yi-Jing Shen, Shu-Guang Huang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract The purpose of many microarray studies is to find the association between gene expression and sample characteristics such as treatment type or sample phenotype. There has been a surge of efforts developing different methods for delineating the association. Aside from the high dimensionality of microarray data, one well recognized challenge is the fact that genes could be complicatedly inter-related, thus making many statistical methods inappropriate to use directly on the expression data. Multivariate methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering are often used as a part of the effort to capture the gene correlation, and the derived components or clusters are used to describe the association between gene expression and sample phenotype. We propose a method for patient population dichotomization using maximally selected test statistics in combination with the PCA method, which shows favorable results. The proposed method is compared with a currently well-recognized method.
Author preferred to cite substantive references rather than meeting abstracts
Authors: T. Treasure
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—I have received an unusual number of letters and telephone calls praising the style, content, and message of my article on recent advances in cardiac surgery; the article questioned the wisdom of using the popular media for the immediate publication of surgical advances.1 While I was hurt by the letter from Gianni Angelini and Peter Wilde commenting on the …