tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case report. Transoral surgery for myelopathy caused by rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine.
Authors: H Brattstrom, A Elner, L Granholm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Spontaneous forward luxation at the atlanto-axial level is a well-known and common complication of rheumatoid arthritis.The distance between the arti- cular surface of the odontoid process of the axis and the corresponding articular surface of the atlas should not normally exceed 3 mm. in adults; a larger distance indicates luxation.Conlon, Isdale.and Rose (1966) found luxation between atlas and axis in 25 per cent. of 333 consecutive patients of rheumatoid arthritis.Luxation at this level initially leads to compression of occipital nerve roots causing radiating pain in the occipital region.Increasing luxation is known to result in medullary or arterial compression with severe neurological deficit and the outcome may be fatal.Smith, Benn, and Sharp (1972) found that 30 of 150 patients with atlanto-axial luxation already had signs of medullary and/or arterial compression or developed them during the period of observation.The surgical treatment of atlanto-axial luxation in rheumatoid arthritis thus seems well justified.The method of choice seems to be posterior exposure, reposition, and fusion between the occiput and the cranial part of the cervical spine.Fusion with bone grafts only entails prolonged immobilization, which may be harmful, particularly in a patient with rheuma- toid arthritis.Over the last 3 years we have treated eleven patients with rheumatoid atlanto-axial luxa- tion, using a technique permitting early mobilization, Our results are encouraging and have been reported elsewhere (Brattstrom and Granholm, 1973).The method used is a further development of the technique described by Scoville, Palmer, Samra and Chong (1967) for metastatic disease of the spine and requires the use of wire, acrylic plastic, and bone chips to
Rhabdomyolysis in Fatal Arsenic Trioxide Poisoning
Authors: Pere Sanz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  We report a case of fatal arsenic poisoning with acute renal failure, circulatory collapse, and severe rhabdomyolysis.  Report of Case.—  A 23-year-old man came to our hospital 1 hour after voluntary ingestion of 20 g of arsenic trioxide. On admission he was asymptomatic. He was treated with ipecac syrup, activated charcoal, and dimercaprol (3 mg/kg intramuscularly every 4 hours).  Within 8 hours, arterial hypotension (95/50 mm Hg) and anuria ensued. Plasma expanders were perfused and a progressive rise of the central venous pressure, without the reestablishment of diuresis, was observed. Nine hours later, when the creatinine level was 300 μmol/L and the creatine phosphokinase level 1223 U/L, it was decided to carry out hemodialysis followed by a dopamine infusion due to the progressive hypotension.  Evolution was characterized by refractory shock, the increase of rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase level, 31 350 U/L), hepatic dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase level, 550
The Importance of the Lateral View in Ga-67 Citrate Imaging of the Thorax Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: RAYMOND B. DUONG, EDWARD B. SILBERSTEIN, MARIANO FERNANDEZ-ULLOA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

DUONG, RAYMOND B. M.D.; SILBERSTEIN, EDWARD B. M.D.; FERNANDEZ-ULLOA, MARIANO M.D. Author Information
US research agency halves threshold for reporting financial conflicts of interest
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

From August 2012 anyone receiving a grant from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) worth $5000 (£3030; €3470) or more will have to publicly disclose their financial conflicts of interest. Since 1995 the threshold for reporting financial ties has been $10 000.

Francis Collins, director of NIH, said on 23 August that the US government “is committed to preserving the public trust and the objectivity of biomedical and behavioural research.”

It also wants to see “flourishing partnerships between NIH funded researchers and industry . . . in a way that is transparent.” Dr Collins called the revised rules “a significant change . . . that reflects the highest ethical standards” within the evolving complexity of research.

Reporting responsibilities will shift from individual …
Detoxification of reactive oxygen species by a nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase cures acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in the mouse
Authors: Pierre-Jacques Ferret, Renaud Hammoud, Micheline Tulliez, Agnès Tran, Hélène Trébéden, Patrick Jaffray, Benoît Malassagne, Yvon Calmus, Bernard Weill, Frédéric Batteux
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Drug–induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating and often fatal disease mainly caused by poisoning by acetaminophen (APAP). The toxic metabolite, N –acetyl– p –benzoquinone–imine (NAPQI), that leads to gluthatione depletion has been suspected to be the main effector of hepatocyte apoptosis during APAP–induced ALF. We have investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play a role in APAP–induced ALF, and whether manganese III tetrakis (5,10,15,20 benzoic acid) (MnTBAP), a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) with catalase–like activity, can treat the disease in mice. The effects of MnTBAP were tested on APAP–intoxicated mice and on isolated hepatocytes incubated with APAP. MnTBAP preventively and curatively administered significantly improved survival times, and dramatically reduced serum transaminase activity levels and parenchymal lesions in APAP–intoxicated mice. Whereas pretreatment with N –acetyl–l–cysteine (NAC) prevented ALF in a dose–dependent manner, the molecule was ineffective when curatively administered. The significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity following APAP administration, and the beneficial effects of MnTBAP suggested that ROS were produced during APAP–induced ALF. A direct evidence of ROS generation was provided by flow cytometry of isolated hepatocytes incubated with APAP. In vitro , ROS production was associated with mitochondrial damage characterized by the collapse of transmembrane potential and the loss of cardiolipin content. In livers of intoxicated mice, ALF was associated with cytochrome c release that led to the activation of caspases–9 and –3. The capacity of MnTBAP to abrogate all those alterations suggests that ROS play a role in APAP–induced apoptosis of hepatocytes, and explains the beneficial effects of MnTBAP, which could be of interest in APAP–induced ALF in humans.
Refractory pulmonary aspergillosis: compassionate trial with terbinafine
Authors: G.F. SCHIRALDI, S. LO CICERO, M.D. COLOMBO, D. ROSSATO, M. FERRARESE, E. SORESI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The frequency of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is increasing due to the growing number of patients requiring steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies. Conventional treatments are ineffective in some patients and side-effects are an important issue. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of terbinafine, a new allylamine antimycotic drug, in three immunocompetent patients affected by lower respiratory tract aspergillosis [one chronic empyema due to Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and two chronic necrotising aspergillosis] not responsive to the usual antimycotic therapies. In in vitro and animal model systems, terbinafine is as active as amphotericin B and itraconazole. Patients received terbinafine at doses ranging from 5 to 15 mg/kg per day, according to clinical status, for 3-5 months, depending on the clinical course of the disease and compliance. In patient 1 a negative anti-AF precipitin was obtained together with eradication of AF from the pleural cavity, which allowed a successful intrathoracic myo-omento-mammoplasty. In patients 2 and 3, AF was eradicated, anti-AF immunoprecipitins decreased, and clinical and radiological findings significantly improved. On the basis of the effectiveness of terbinafine demonstrated in this preliminary work, large studies to evaluate the use of terbinafine in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are warranted. Moreover, the drug is not associated with resistance or significant side-effects.
PTH-171 Colonoscopy Performance in Extended Three Session Working Days
Authors: S Subramanian, N Haslam, P Collins, S Sarkar
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Three session working days were introduced in our endoscopy unit to accommodate the increasing demand for endoscopic procedures. There is evidence to suggest that caecal intubation rate (CIR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) declines as the day progresses in a standard two session working day. There is currently no literature on CIR and PDR for an extended 3-session working day. The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of endoscopist fatigue on quality of colonoscopy performance by comparing outcomes based on time of day and chronological procedure order for an extended working day. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective audit of all colonoscopies undertaken in our unit between January and December 2011. In order to assess the effect of repetitive fatigue, endoscopy lists with &lt; 3 colonoscopies were excluded. Time of colonoscopy was stratified into three categories by the starting time of the scheduled list – morning (AM), afternoon (PM), and evening (PM). Queue position was defined as the order that the colonoscopy was performed on the same list i.e. 1st, 2nd and so on. Data on potential confounders including age, sex, quality of bowel preparation (recorded on a three point rating scale of good, satisfactory and poor) were recorded. To evaluate the effect of endoscopist fatigue on colonoscopy performance, we analysed CIR and PDR according to time of day and queue position. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 2520 colonoscopies were included, of which 1299 (51.5%) were male and 1221 (48.5%) female. The median age was 63 (interquartile range, IQR, 51–70). 1062 (42.2%) were performed in AM lists, 984 PM (39.1%) and 470 EVE (18.7%). CIR did not vary according to time of day (89.8, 90 and 89.5% for AM, PM and EVE lists respectively, p = NS). In multivariate analysis, CIR was adversely affected by age &gt; 70, female gender, poor bowel preparation (all p &lt; 0.01) but not queue position. PDR was not influenced by time of day or queue position. PDR was higher in men in multivariate analyses (p &lt; 0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Colonoscopy quality is not dependent on time of day or queue position in an extended 3 session day. Our findings support the provision of 3 session days to meet the increasing demand for colonoscopy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S. Subramanian Speaker bureau with: Shire, Dr Falk, Abbott, Conflict with: Advisory board for Abbott, Vifor Pharma, N. Haslam: None Declared, P. Collins: None Declared, S. Sarkar: None Declared
Effect of Paromomycin on the Bacterial Flora of the Human Intestine
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The administration of 2 gm. of paromomycin (Humatin) orally to human subjects was found to produce a rapid decrease in the numbers of organisms in the feces, the maximal effect occurring in 5 to 6 days. When 4 gm. was given the first day, followed by 2 gm. daily thereafter, the total flora reached a minimum in 48 to 72 hours. Regrowth of organisms during therapy occurred after 2 weeks in about 50 per cent of patients. In the others, suppression of bacteria persisted during the entire period of drug administration (4 to 10 weeks). No overgrowth of staphylococci or yeast forms occurred during or after treatment. The only untoward effect noted was diarrhea when large doses were given. Blood levels of the antibiotic could not be detected.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Genome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy
Authors: Hyun Hor, Zoltán Kutalik, Yves Dauvilliers, Armand Valsesia, Gert J Lammers, Claire E H M Donjacour, Alex Iranzo, Joan Santamaria, Rosa Peraita Adrados, José L Vicario, Sebastiaan Overeem, Isabelle Arnulf, Ioannis Theodorou, Poul Jennum, Stine Knudsen, Claudio Bassetti, Johannes Mathis, Michel Lecendreux, Geert Mayer, Peter Geisler, Antonio Benetó, Brice Petit, Corinne Pfister, Julie Vienne Bürki, Gérard Didelot, Michel Billiard, Guadalupe Ercilla, Willem Verduijn, Frans H J Claas, Peter Vollenwider, Gerard Waeber, Dawn M Waterworth, Vincent Mooser, Raphaël Heinzer, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Mehdi Tafti
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Improving uptake of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients using prospective audit
Authors: G. J Byrne, M. J McCarthy, S. H Silverman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Venous thromboembolism is a common postoperative complication.1 Prophylactic measures can reduce its incidence,2 3 and a case has been made for formal stratification analysis when prescribing such treatment.4 To assess the uptake of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, we undertook an audit of general surgical inpatients in a busy district general hospital (hospital A).

The audit took place on a general surgical firm managed by two consultants. Both were keen that all “at risk” patients received prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Their prophylaxis policy was verbal, expressed to house officers and nurses at the start of each house officer's post, and reiterated at regular intervals (strategy 1). We assessed every patient to see if they had received appropriate prophylaxis in accordance with accepted risk factors.5 Of 195 inpatients studied, only 101 (51%) had done so.

These deficiencies …
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Herbert J. Manz, Henry B. Dinsdale, Peter A. F. Morrin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developed in a 33-year-old woman after renal transplantation and treatment with immunosuppressive agents. A characteristic clinical picture developed, pointing to multiple areas of progressive destruction in the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem, without evidence of increased intracranial pressure and with normal cerebrospinal fluid. The brain showed multiple areas of necrosis and demyelination, large abnormal glial cells, and papova-like virions within oligodendrocytic nuclei. Our observations show that progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy may develop as a result of viral infection or activation of a dormant virus in the central nervous system secondary to altered immunity in the host.
Partnership for health: voluntary organisations and the NHS
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1988)

an important change.It is in the re-evaluation of chemicals, after they have been cleared for commercial use, that the current system is most lacking.In the United States and Canada, both of which were visited by the committee, pesticides must be relicensed every five years, and pro- grammes to reassess "older" compounds are in progress.The call for more epidemiological research into the long term effects of pesticides may not meet with universal enthusiasm.Because ofthe difficulties in unravelling complex patterns of past exposure and the rarity of many of the diseases that may be increased by pesticides, studies often fail to produce clear cut results.They do, however, influence regulatory decisions, and scientists must respond to the public demand for information.In the long term the task of the epidemiologist will be made easier if the report's recommendation of a standard record system for pesticide users is adopted.Much emphasis is placed on the need for more openness in evaluating pesticides.Experience in North America suggests that concern for protecting trade secrets has been exaggerated, at least in relation to health and safety data.The dissemination of information about efficacy must also pose a threat to commercial security, but without it risks cannot be weighed against benefits.The report says little on this important subject.Perhaps with adequate protection of patients a fair arrangement for the release of data could be agreed.In addition to its main theme the report makes several peripheral recommendations.Some-for example, the suggestion that chemicals with suspected (although not proved) chronic health effects should carry a government warning- are fraught with practical difficulties.Others, such as the proposals for childproof packing of more toxic products, standards for protective clothing, and encouragement of improved methods of pesticide application, seem eminently sensible.
Incorrect Classification in Articles About Traumatic Brain Injuries in Children With Minor Blunt Head Trauma
Authors: Nathan Kuppermann, JoAnne E. Natale, Lise E. Nigrovic
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
THE PLASMA CORTISOL RESPONSE TO ACTH IN “IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM”*
Authors: John E. Plager, Paul Cushman, Alice E. Chase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The biochemical abnormalities in patients with idiopathic hirsutism are imperfectly understood. The fractionation and measurement of urinary 17ketosteroids in these patients have been studied in several laboratories. It appears that this disorder is associated with increased production of an adrenal androgen which is reflected by increased excretion of urinary C1902 17-ketosteroids, in particular, androsterone and etiocholanolonel
Arteriovenous fistula of the thoracic aorta: report of a case presenting with superior vena caval obstruction.
Authors: E Martinez, J Meller, M Godoy, J L Herrmann, E Buffolo
Journal: Thorax (1981)

tamponade requiring urgent operation.1If a major haemorrhage does not occur and the pat'ient survives, complications on August 15,
The Structure and Function of Muscle, vol 3: Physiology and Biochemistry
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The third volume of this standard reference on muscle presents an outstanding summary of rapidly expanding knowledge engendered by investigators who strive to understand the complex tissue that can convert chemical energy to kinetic energy. This volume undoubtedly presents the most complex subject matter in the series, and the level of difficulty represents a quantum jump from that of volume 1. To gain the most from it, one should probably have more than a passing acquaintance with principles of electricity, mechanics, and higher mathematics. Discussions on electrical properties portray the "T" system as a passive electrical network in three dimensions and relate current flow to calcium flux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction. A chapter on the neuromuscular junction provides a comprehensive survey on electrochemical propagation of impulses. The elucidation of the role of acetylcholine includes its structure, release, function, and destruction. After perusal of this section, no one will
Sequence of Changes in Body Composition Induced by Testosterone and Reversal of Changes After Drug Is Stopped
Authors: Gilbert B. Forbes
Journal: JAMA (1992)

--To study the changes in body composition produced by large doses of testosterone and reversal of changes when the drug is discontinued.--Weekly injections of testosterone enanthate were given to young adult male volunteers for 12 weeks. Repeated assays of lean body mass (LBM) by potassium 40 counting were made during this period and at intervals during the ensuing 5 to 6 months.--Subjects who were living on their own, who were known to be free of significant disease, and who volunteered as controls for a study of patients with neuromuscular disease. Assays were done in the Clinical Research Center.--Changes in body weight, LBM, and (by subtraction) body fat.--Testosterone treatment produced a progressive increase in LBM and a progressive decrease in body fat. Body composition reverted slowly toward normal when the injections were stopped; thus, the effects of testosterone lingered for some time. The magnitude of the observed changes in LBM was in keeping with the change in urinary creatinine excretion reported for these same subjects.--Testosterone is a powerful anabolic agent that also serves to reduce body fat content.
The aniline blue fluorescence staining of eosinophilic granulocytes
Authors: P.J.M. BERRETTY, R.H. CORMANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

An aniline blue fluorescence staining technique specific for eosinophils was compared to haematoxylin and eosin to determine the percentages of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic or with allergic contact dermatitis. The aniline blue technique proved to be excellent for demonstrating eosinophilic granulocytes. Although the eosinophilic granulocytes were reasonably demonstrable in thin layers stained with haematoxylin and eosin, the aniline blue staining seems to be better in cases of doubt. Using the same techniques the presence of eosinophil granulocytes was studied in 5 punch biopsies taken from positive patch tests (after 48 h) and 5 biopsies from positive skin reactions after and intradermal injection with an atopic allergen (after 20--30 min). In all punch biopsies taken after an intradermal injection with an atopic allergen, eosinophilic granulocytes, often numerous, were seen in the vessels of the dermis. In punch biopsies taken from positive patch tests the eosinophilic granulocytes were seen scattered through the dermis in variable numbers.
Dilemmas and Solutions
Authors: S. Faltsis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The points Dr. Harrison raises in his article "Dilemmas and Solutions" (230:401, 1974) are very interesting. It is obvious, though, that the dilemmas proposed as examples of different situations that might arise are not medical. Physicians have been trained and used through centuries to make decisions based on medical grounds. The examples put forward, especially the "kidney transplant," show clearly that physicians are sometimes called to solve nonmedical dilemmas. If the two patients of the example were stripped of their social, scientific, and other attributes, then the surgeon would be faced with the medical problem of transplanting a kidney to a 65-year-old man or a 25-year-old youth. As more and more attributes are bestowed on these patients, more and more people will be called in to help reach a decision that simply is not a physician's decision. Man's mind, although it might sound strange, dislikes symmetry, eg, dilemmas.