tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Total Body Potassium in Non-Dialysed and Dialysed Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: K. Boddy, P. C. King, R. M. Lindsay, J. D. Briggs, J. F. Winchester, A. C. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Total body potassium was studied in 33 patients with chronic renal failure, 18 of whom had been receiving regular dialysis therapy for 1 to 48 months. In nondialysed patients body potassium was not significantly different from normal in the group as a whole, but was significantly greater than normal in three patients, and significantly less than normal in two patients. In 14 of the dialysed patients, both as individuals and as a group, body potassium was not significantly different from normal but in the remaining four it was less than normal.Potassium transfer during dialysis was studied in two patients. Uptake by these two patients of (43)K added to the dialysate (1 mEq K/litre) was measured by whole-body monitoring. Transfer of administered (43)K from the patients to the dialysate was measured by whole-body monitoring and by radioactive and chemical assay of the dialysate. A negative balance due to twice-weekly dialysis of 178 and 244 mEq K/week was found, which with weekly faecal and urine losses of 20-30 mEq K approximately equals the dietary intake of 210-315 mEq K.
Abstract 519: Attenuation of mammary tumor growth by gap junction enhancer.
Authors: Stephanie N. Shishido, Thu A. Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Normal cells have functional gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), while cancer cells exhibit many defects in cellular communication that contribute to the loss of tissue homeostasis. It is believed that restoring GJIC is linked to drug sensitivity and reduction of tumorigenicity. Previous studies show that GJIC and neoplastic cellular growth are inversely related and small molecule targeting gap junction can alter tumor growth. A dose of 25 mg/kg gap junction enhancer (PQ) can cause a 77% decrease of xenograft T47D breast tumors. In addition these small molecules can induce a decrease of tumor growth by 110%, 129%, and 73% in the pre, early, and late stages of tumor development of the transgenic mouse strain, FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-PyVT)634Mul/J. Western blot analysis shows that the gap junction protein, Cx43, was highly expressed in the PQ-treated tumors compared to the controls. Data suggests that enhancement of GJIC attenuates tumor growth; specifically Cx43 plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. Establishment of a continuous line of mammary tumor cells from the malignant neoplasm of a female transgenic mouse demonstrates that PQs can cause an increase of Cx43 expression and subsequently trigger a decrease of cell viability. Overall, targeting gap junction by small molecule PQ has shed light to the dynamic of connexins and gap junctions in mammary tumors. Citation Format: Stephanie N. Shishido, Thu A. Nguyen. Attenuation of mammary tumor growth by gap junction enhancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 519. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-519
Progress in skin cancer: the U.K. experience
Authors: I. M. Leigh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

When celebrating the 125-year anniversary of the British Journal of Dermatology (BJD), we are highlighting its long and distinguished record in publishing on skin cancer, covering many topics from skin cancer epidemiology to the basic molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.Skin cancer prevention and treatment are frequently addressed, and the publication and maintenance of well-considered national and international treatment guidelines are of particular value to the hard-pressed clinician.A number of questions remain to be answered.
Pathogenesis of Osler's Nodes
Authors: JOSEPH S. ALPERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Four patients in whom endocarditis had been verified at autopsy had the pathogenic organism isolated from aspirates of Osler's nodes. In three cases the responsible organism was identified in Gram stains made from aspirates. The etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus in three cases and Candida albicans in one case. Histologic examination of an Osler's node from one of the patients with S. aureus endocarditis showed a microabscess in the papillary dermis together with microemboli in nearby dermal arterioles. Workers previously have interpreted similar histologic findings as consistent with perivasculitis resulting from an immunologic reaction to the pathogenic organism. The present findings support Osler's original contention that the skin lesions that bear his name are "in all probability caused by minute emboli."
THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA.
Authors: E. RUSSELL ZEMP
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Pneumonia is a self-limited disease and runs its course uninfluenced in any way by medicine. It can neither be aborted nor cut short by any known means at our command. Even under the most unfavorable circumstances it will terminate abruptly and naturally without a dose of medicine having been administered. So also under the favoring circumstances of good nursing and careful diet the experience of many physicians in different lands has shown that pneumonia runs its course in a definite time, aborting sometimes spontaneously on the third or fifth day, or continuing until the tenth or twelfth. We have then no specific treatment for pneumonia. The practitioner may bear in mind that the patient is more often damaged than helped by the promiscuous drugging which is still only too prevalent. In cases of moderate severity a purely expectant plan may be followed—keeping the bowels open, regulating the diet and, if
Nicorandil may be associated with gastrointestinal ulceration
Authors: Mohaned Egred, Mohammed Andron, W Lindsay Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Nicorandil (Ikorel; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Guildford) is associated with mouth and anal ulcers,1–4 but we are not aware of any previous reports of association with gastrointestinal ulceration. A 69 year old woman had had percutaneous coronary intervention and a stent inserted into her left anterior descending artery two years before presentation. She had recurrent angina, and her general practitioner increased her dose of nicorandil to 30 mg twice a …
Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m DPD on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Kyoungjune Pak, Seong-Jang Kim, In Joo Kim, Kuen Tak Suh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose: There are various etiologies, which can result in nonosseous, nonurologic uptake in bone scintigraphy. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the interval between gadolinium (Gd)-containing contrast of MRI and Tc-99m DPD (Tc-99m 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanedicarboxylic acid) on bone scintigraphy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1028 patients with bone scintigraphy performed between January 2010 and February 2011. All these 1028 patients had MRI contrast administration prior to bone scintigraphy. Fifty patients (8 women, 42 men) showed hepatic uptake on bone scintigraphy. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups (group A: MRI performed on the same day with bone scintigraphy, group B: MRI performed 1 or 2 days before bone scintigraphy). Results: Among 1028 subjects, hepatic uptake in patients with MRI and bone scintigraphy on the same day was shown in 39 of the 585 bone scintigraphies (6.67%), while hepatic uptake with interval of 1 and 2 days was visualized in 8 of the 186 (4.30%) and 3 of the 87 (3.45%) subjects. No patients with interval more than 2 days showed hepatic uptake of bone scintigraphy. Conclusion: The interval between MRI with Gd-contrast and bone scintigraphy has an influence on hepatic uptake. Gd-containing contrast injection before bone scintigraphy within 2 days might affect the nonosseous uptake of Tc-99m DPD. At least 2 days of interval between MRI and bone scintigraphy might be needed to avoid hepatic uptake of bone scintigraphy.
Human Genome-Wide Association and Mouse Knockout Approaches Identify Platelet Supervillin as an Inhibitor of Thrombus Formation Under Shear Stress
Authors: Leonard C. Edelstein, Elizabeth J. Luna, Ian B. Gibson, Molly Bray, Ying Jin, Altaf Kondkar, Srikanth Nagalla, Nacima Hadjout-Rabi, Tara C. Smith, Daniel Covarrubias, Stephen N. Jones, Firdos Ahmad, Moritz Stolla, Xianguo Kong, Zhiyou Fang, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Chad Shaw, Suzanne M. Leal, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Circulation (2012)

High shear force critically regulates platelet adhesion and thrombus formation during ischemic vascular events. To identify genetic factors that influence platelet thrombus formation under high shear stress, we performed a genome-wide association study and confirmatory experiments in human and animal platelets.Closure times in the shear-dependent platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100 were measured on healthy, nondiabetic European Americans (n=125) and blacks (n=116). A genome-wide association (P<5×10(-8)) was identified with 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the SVIL gene (chromosome 10p11.23) in African Americans but not European Americans. Microarray analyses of human platelet RNA demonstrated the presence of SVIL isoform 1 (supervillin) but not muscle-specific isoforms 2 and 3 (archvillin, SmAV). SVIL mRNA levels were associated with SVIL genotypes (P≤0.02) and were inversely correlated with PFA-100 closure times (P<0.04) and platelet volume (P<0.02). Leukocyte-depleted platelets contained abundant levels of the ≈205-kDa supervillin polypeptide. To assess functionality, mice lacking platelet supervillin were generated and back-crossed onto a C57BL/6 background. Compared with controls, murine platelets lacking supervillin were larger by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy and exhibited enhanced platelet thrombus formation under high-shear but not low-shear conditions.We show for the first time that (1) platelets contain supervillin; (2) platelet thrombus formation in the PFA-100 is associated with human SVIL variants and low SVIL expression; and (3) murine platelets lacking supervillin exhibit enhanced platelet thrombus formation at high shear stress. These data are consistent with an inhibitory role for supervillin in platelet adhesion and arterial thrombosis.
First priority is to decrease the severity of hyperchylomicronaemia
Authors: G. R Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

This girl is acutely ill and in the first instance it is immaterial whether her hyperlipidaemia is primary or secondary. Her main requirement is for treatment which decreases the severity of the hyperchylomicronaemia as rapidly as possible. This is best achieved by plasma exchange using a continuous flow blood cell separator with heparin as the anticoagulant and 4.5% human albumin as the exchange medium.

Heparin has the advantages over citrate that it is not hypocalcaemic and that it releases lipoprotein lipase into …
THE USE OF CELLULOID IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF THE SPINE
Authors: H. J. Gauvain
Journal: BMJ (1913)

whose ward I have had the opportunity of frequently seeing and examining the patient.CASE III.A married woman, aged 24, the mother of two children born within the period of one year and two weeks, had taken " black stick " with the object of inducing abortion.Seven days after takinlg the drug she aborted.Two weeks afterwards she was seized with severe headache and vomiting.There was ileither colic nor constipation.A month after takiing the pills the right hand, and shortly afterwards the left, became paralysed, and then both legs.The muscles of hands and legs rapidly atrophied.There was a blue line on the gums, and marked naso-labial tremor.The urine was free from albumeni.Pro- fessor Bedson found a trace of lead in the urine.Blood films were stained and carefully examined, but on no occasion was one basophile corpuscle found.It is now five months since this patient took ill, and although her legs have partly recovered their power, there is still almost complete double wrist-drop, so that she lies in bed in a comparatively helpless condition.It will be months before she is better,and even then it is a question as to the completeness of her recovery.
THE PULSATILE NATURE OF THE PULMONARY CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW*
Authors: Mario Rigatto, Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The nature of the pulmonary capillary blood flow is fundamental for the understanding both of pulmonary hemodynamics and of respiratory gas exchange.Direct examinations of the surface of the lung in the cat, rabbit, dog and rat (1-5) have indicated that pulmonary capillary blood flow is basically non-pulsatile.On the other hand, ex- perimental studies by Lee and DuBois (6), using the body plethysmograph in man, have suggested that pulmonary capillary blood flow is consistently pulsatile.Their experimental evidence consisted of a rhythmic distortion of the record, synchronous with the heart beat, obtained during breathholding with open glottis, after a single inspiration of nitrous oxide.However, since the first experiences with the pneumotachograph, it has been recognized that cardiovascular pulsations produce rhythmic changes of pressure in the conducting airways of the lungs.These rhythmic changes in intrapul- monary pressure are detected by the pneumo- tachograph through the changes in the rate of air flow which they produce.This phenomenon, il- lustrated in the pneumotachographic record of Fig- ure 1, was recognized by Lilly (7) and designated by him as "cardiac air pulse."Subsequently, Bartlett, Brubach and Specht (8) found that rhythmic changes in the pneumotachographic rec- ord could be correlated with the pulsations ob- served in the plethysmographic pressure record ob- tained during breathholding after an inhalation of ambient air.
Ian McArthur Jackson
Authors: A. Currie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ian McArthur Jackson’s student days at St Bartholomew’s Hospital were interrupted in the last few weeks of the second world war by the sudden relief of Belsen concentration camp in Germany. There was a call for immediate help to care for the thousands of starving patients ill with typhus, typhoid, and tuberculosis. Ian Jackson volunteered with other medical …
Predose Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% (FEF25-75%) in Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)-Dependent Patients With Mild to Moderate or Moderate to Severe Persistent Asthma Receiving Budesonide/Formoterol Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (BUD/FM pMDI)
Authors: D.S. Pearlman, T. Uryniak, C.D. O'Brien, U.J. Martin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Ramrod or Fiberscope?
Authors: Randolph M. McCloy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Certainly, one would not argue with Dr. Palmer's remarks (227:511, 1974) concerning the extremely rapid growth and popularity of fiberoptic endoscopy. Its use has had a profound effect on the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal lesions. His implication that there may be overutilization of the fiberscope (or under -utilization of the rigid esophagoscope) would seem inappropriate now. His concern about patient welfare is realistic. We, too, have been interested in information pertaining to how well the patient fares as a result of having had endoscopy. We have therefore reviewed 148 cases of a single problem, gastric ulcer, in which both x-ray film and endoscopic information, as well as cytology and biopsy material, were available (all procedures performed by one endoscopist). In 61 (41%) of these cases, endoscopic evaluation either definitely changed or markedly influenced the decision regarding therapy. The x-ray diagnosis was refuted by endoscopy in 24% of
Spontaneous talking time at start of consultation in outpatient clinic: cohort study
Authors: W. Langewitz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The average patient visiting a doctor in the United States gets 22 seconds for his initial statement, then the doctor takes the lead. 1 This style of communication is probably based on the assumption that patients will mess up the time schedule if allowed to talk as long as they wish to.But for how long do patients actually talk, at least initially?We found only one study, from a neurological practice, investigating this question. 2 The author reported one minute and 40 seconds.We examined how long it would take outpatients at a tertiary referral centre to indicate that they have completed their story-for example, with a statement such as: "That's all, doctor!" if uninterrupted by their doctors.
Meningococcal meningitis complicated by pericarditis, panophthalmitis, and arthritis.
Authors: D N Williams, A M Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Banks (1948) referred to the protean nature of meningococcal infection.While most patients suffering from meningococcal disease present with acute meningitis, a small minority may produce any type of symptoms, causing a great deal of difficulty in diagnosis.We report a case of meningococcal meningitis complicated by pericarditis, panophthalmitis, and arthritis.
Cost Analysis of Teleretinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in a County Hospital Population
Authors: Anh-Danh T. Phan, Jacob J. Koczman, Chi-Wah Yung, Allison A. Pernic, Eric D. Doerr, Mark M. Kaehr
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Compliance to annual diabetic eye examination remains poor: 48–66% nationally and 18% in inner cities (1,2). To improve noncompliance to diabetic eye examination in an inner-city county hospital population with an undersupplied eye clinic, the Wishard-Eskenazi Teleretinal Diabetic Retinopathy Screening (WETDRS) program was implemented in June 2009. Four Topcon digital retinal cameras were purchased by the health system for screening of only patients lacking a documented eye clinic visit within the past year at four primary care clinics. Captured images were remotely interpreted by eye physicians and electronically reported back to primary care clinics. To determine the cost of teleretinal screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) through primary care, we conducted a retrospective review from program initiation through February 2013 (45-month time period). Institutional review board approval was obtained, and research adhered to tenets of the Declaration of …
Unilateral bullous pemphigoid in a hemiplegic pagtient
Authors: C. C. LONG, L. R. LEVER, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Summary A 78-year-old man with a long-standing left-sided hemiplegia presented with bullous pemphigoid which affected his paralysed side only. Although the rash was unilateral, direct immunofluorescence demonstrated IgG antibody at the dermo-epidermal junction on both sides of the body. Indirect immunofluorescence was also positive. A suction-blister test showed increased skin fragility on the affected side.
Writing, Speaking, and Communication Skills for Health Professionals
Authors: Howard Schubiner, Susan Eggly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 February 2002Writing, Speaking, and Communication Skills for Health ProfessionalsHoward Schubiner, MD and Susan Eggly, PhDHoward Schubiner, MDWayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author and Susan Eggly, PhDWayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-4-200202190-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Health Care Communication Group. 352 pages. New Haven: Yale Univ Pr; 2001. $17.95. ISBN 0300088620. Order phone 800-987-7323.Field of medicine: Medical education and academic medical fields.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Residents, fellows, and junior faculty seeking an academic career and interested in improving skills in academic medical communication, including writing, speaking, and teaching.Purpose: To provide practical solutions to many writing, speaking, and teaching problems that face junior members of the academic community.Content: Five sections (consisting of 14 chapters) on reading science, writing science, speaking science, teaching science, and the business aspects of health care. Each chapter ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 February 2002Volume 136, Issue 4Page: 340KeywordsAcademic medicineCommunication in health careHealth careHealth information technologyMedical communicationsMedical educationSoftware tools ePublished: 19 February 2002 Issue Published: 19 February 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TRAIL Promotes VSMC Proliferation and Neointima Formation in a FGF-2–, Sp1 Phosphorylation–, and NFκB-Dependent Manner
Authors: Jeffrey Chan, Leonel Prado-Lourenco, Levon M. Khachigian, Martin R. Bennett, Belinda A. Di Bartolo, Mary M. Kavurma
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is well reported as an inducer of apoptosis in tumor models; however, its role and function in vivo in atherosclerosis and vascular injury has not been established.We sought to study the function of TRAIL in cardiovascular pathology and its regulation in vivo.Here, we show that TRAIL was upregulated in medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 24 hours following perivascular cuff placement around femoral arteries of mice. We also show that TRAIL mRNA and promoter activity was induced in VSMCs following in vitro mechanical injury. Intimal thickening 15 days after cuff placement was reduced 2- to 3-fold in TRAIL(-/-) compared to wild-type mice and was reversible by administration of recombinant TRAIL. Additionally, reduced VSMC proliferation was observed in injured arteries of TRAIL(-/-) mice. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, a potent growth factor released following vascular injury, was also reduced in arteries of TRAIL(-/-) mice, and VSMCs isolated from these animals did not respond to FGF-2 in vitro. Injury and FGF-2 regulated TRAIL transcriptional activity via 2 specificity protein (Sp)1 elements in the proximal TRAIL promoter, a binding site also shared by nuclear factor (NF)kappaB. Mutational studies confirmed a role for Sp1 in injury- and FGF-2-inducible TRAIL transcription. Furthermore, increased NFkappaB expression after injury transactivated the TRAIL promoter. Interestingly, following mechanical injury, Sp1 phosphorylation (Thr453) and an increase in the physical interaction of p-Sp1(Thr453) with NFkappaB was observed.We conclude that TRAIL induction involves FGF-2, Sp1-phosphorylation and NFkappaB and that TRAIL promotes VSMC proliferation and neointima formation after arterial injury.