tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study linking enteroviral infection with motor neurone disease is not confirmed
Authors: S. Rice, R. Pamphlett
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor in wide use for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Although EFV is generally well tolerated, neuropsychiatric toxicity has been well documented. The toxic effects of EFV in hepatocytes and keratinocytes have been linked to mitochondrial perturbations and changes in autophagy. Here, we studied the effect of EFV on mitochondria and autophagy in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons. In SH-SY5Y cells, EFV induced a drop in ATP production, which coincided with increased autophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitochondrial depolarization. EFV-induced mitophagy was also detected by colocalization of mitochondria and autophagosomes and use of an outer mitochondrial membrane tandem fluorescent vector. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine increased the cytotoxic effect of EFV, suggesting that autophagy promotes cell survival. EFV also reduces ATP production in primary neurons, induces autophagy, and changes mitochondrial morphology. Overall, EFV is able to acutely induce autophagy and mitochondrial changes in neurons. These changes may be involved in the mechanism leading to central nervous system toxicity observed in clinical EFV use.
An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies
Authors: Enrique Gerszten
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is the result of the application of new techniques in radiology to the study of disease in the royal Egyptian mummies. The techniques, developed for current patient care, are especially useful for the study of diseases in ancient remains. Although royal remains are few, the observations are compiled with precision and order. The atlas contains ample illustrations, including both x-ray and historical photographs, as well as a number of useful tables. The book starts with a very clear "Foreword and Preface." The first four of ten chapters consist of a complete and precise description of mummification, medicine, dentistry, and genealogy of the royal families. The following two chapters discuss the radiographic techniques applied to these studies and the age of the mummies as interpreted from the x-ray findings. Chapter 7 is a detailed historical source for determining the age at death of the mummies. Chapter 8, only ten
Book: The Magic Bullet and Other Medical Stories
Authors: J. Gillies
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Stefan Slater, Robin Downie, Giles Gordon, Richard Smith Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, £6, pp 101 ISBN 0 953 5833 09 Books available from the college Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In medicine today, culture is “in,” culture is sexy. The British Journal of General Practice includes new poetry and articles on doctors in literature. Last year's spring symposium of the Royal College of General Practitioners was on the theme of “The Art and Science of General Practice.” Narrative based medicine, which suggests (to me anyway) the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
CIRCADIAN VARIATION OF ICD-SHOCKS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE: THE IMPACT OF CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Thomas Bitter, Natalie Prib, Andrea Zwenke, Christian Prinz, Zisis Dimitriadis, Dieter Horstkotte, Olaf Oldenburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clozapine
Authors: R J Baldessarini, F R Frankenburg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE introduction of chlorpromazine in 1952 marked a turning point in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.1 Until then, the treatment of these illnesses had met with little success, and many patients with psychosis were held in largely custodial institutions for indefinite periods. Antipsychotic drugs brought new hope that morbidity and dysfunction in such patients could be ameliorated. In the past four decades, however, the limitations of the available agents have become clear: they fail to have appreciable benefit in perhaps 20 percent of patients with schizophrenia,1 2 3 and they have characteristic, sometimes severe and intolerable neurologic side effects. . . .
Modulation by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors of the action of exogenous angiotensin II on glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat.
Authors: C Baylis, B M Brenner
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We studied the effects of angiotensin II (A II) infusion, with and without inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, on the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration in 27 plasma volume-expanded Munich-Wistar rats. The effects of PG inhibition alone and infusion of vehicle alone also were investigated. With a pressor dose of A II single nephron (SN) GFR and total GFR did not change significantly, despite declines in both glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), due to an offsetting rise in the transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (deltaP). Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances (RA and RE) increased by approximately 100% above control during A II infusion. Inhibition of PG synthesis alone and infusion of vehicle alone similarly failed to affect SNGFR and total GFR, and only slight changes occurred in the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration in these rats. When A II infusion was accompanied by inhibition of PG synthesis, however, profound declines in SNGFR and total GFR were seen, due to further reductions in QA and 2-fold greater increases in RA and RE than occurred with the same dose of A II alone. The A II-induced fall in Kf was not affected by simultaneous PG inhibition. Thus, endogenous PGs attenuate the vasoconstrictor actions of A II on the superficial renal microvasculature and minimize changes in QA, SNGFR, and total GFR. It is likely that an interaction between A II and PG may be important in pathophysiological conditions in which endogenous A II levels are elevated.
TI-201 Liver Uptake for Assessment of Jeopardized Myocardium During Dipyridamole Stress Testing
Authors: GANESH D. ARORA, WILLIAM C. REEVES, ASSAD MOVAHED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The current study was conducted to determine the significance of TI-201 liver activity during 4 minute dipyridamole (DP) stress testing. Two groups of subjects were examined: group I subjects (n = 52) had electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH), and group II subjects (n = 114) had no ECG-LVH. Both groups were further divided into four subgroups on the basis of TI-201 myocardial perfusion scans: 1) no myocardial perfusion defect; 2) transient myocardial perfusion defect; 3) fixed myocardial perfusion defect; and 4) transient plus fixed myocardial perfusion defects. TI-201 liver, heart, and lung activities were quantified in the immediate anterior planar images. Left ventricular mass was quantified using tomographic short-axis slices. In the no ECG-LVH group, TI-201 lung-to-heart ratio was significantly increased in subjects having transient, fixed, and transient plus fixed myocardial perfusion defects when compared to no myocardial perfusion defect. TI-201 lung-to-heart ratio did not increase in the ECG-LVH group of subjects having transient, fixed, and transient plus fixed myocardial perfusion defects. In contrast, TI-201 liver-to-heart ratio increased in both the ECG-LVH and no ECG-LVH groups of subjects having myocardial perfusion defects when compared to subjects having negative myocardial perfusion scan. Left ventricular mass was increased in ECG-LVH subjects when compared to no ECG-LVH subjects, which might have resulted in increased TI-201 myocardial uptake and, hence, reduced TI-201 lung-to-heart ratio in ECG-LVH subjects having myocardial perfusion defects. The authors conclude that TI-201 liver-to-heart ratio, but not TI-201 lung-to-heart ratio, provided supplementary information regarding the “jeopardized” myocardium in ECG-LVH subjects during DP stress testing.
Myocardial Infarction and Paresis of the Left Arm
Authors: ROBERT W. DUBOIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Myocardial Infarction and Paresis of the Left ArmROBERT W. DUBOIS, M.D.ROBERT W. DUBOIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-768_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The association between coronary artery disease and left arm pain is well documented. I recently treated a patient who presented with a new feature: left arm paresis.A 42-year-old white man with no history of angina had a subendocardial myocardial infarction. During that infarction he had severe but temporary (48-h) left arm weakness. He was transferred to our hospital for cardiac catheterization, which showed extensive coronary artery involvement (70% right coronary, 50% left anterior descending, 50% left circumflex, and 95% first obtuse marginal coronary artery).The patient felt well on a regimen of nitrates and beta-blockers, until...References1. STEINBROCKERARGYROS OT. The shoulder hand syndrome: present status as a diagnostic and therapeutic entity. Med Clin North Am. 1958;42:1533-66. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROSENGRAHAM PW. Shoulder hand syndrome in coronary disease. Geriatrics. 1963;18:525-32. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles County-Harbor UCLA Medical Center Torrance, CA 90509 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 768-768KeywordsAnginaCatheterizationCoronary arteriesInfarctionMyocardial infarctionNitratesStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clinical predictors of early infarct-related artery patency following thrombolytic therapy: importance of body weight, smoking history, infarct-related artery and choice of thrombolytic regimen: the GUSTO-I experience
Authors: Conor F Lundergan, Jonathan S Reiner, William F McCarthy, Karin S Coyne, Robert M Califf, Allan M Ross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A five-year study of cosmetic reactions
Authors: Robert M. Adams, Howard I. Maibach, Robert M. Adams, Howard I. Maibach, W.E. Clendenning, A.A. Fisher, W.J. Jordan, N. Kanof, W. Larsen, J.C. Mitchell, E.J. Rudner, W. Schorr, F. Storrs, J.S. Taylor, Heinz J. Eiermann, Frank N. Marzulli
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1985)
Emin Pasha — Confusion in the Jungle
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN March, 1887, Henry M. Stanley ("the man who found Livingstone") started up the Congo River in West Africa to find Emin Pasha. Emin, a European white man, was the governor of the Egyptian Equatorial Provinces in the center of the continent. Being stranded, besieged and in danger of perishing, he had appealed to Europe for help. The English responded with great enthusiasm and sent the famous Stanley to the rescue.Stanley's expedition was a disaster. Eight white men and 696 natives plunged bravely into the jungle. They had to fight famine, disease, desertion, tropical storms and hostile native tribes. . . .
Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.
Authors: N H Silverman, C S Kleinman, A M Rudolph, J A Copel, E M Weinstein, M A Enderlein, M Golbus
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Of 466 fetuses who underwent cardiac ultrasound examination with cross-sectional and M mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound and in whom we were able to follow the natural history, 12 were found to have atrioventricular valve insufficiency and nonimmune hydrops. Eleven fetuses (all of whom had structural heart disease) died either in utero or during the early postnatal period. In the one surviving hydropic fetus with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrioventricular valve regurgitation but without structural heart disease, all the abnormalities disappeared on treatment with digoxin and verapamil. Seven fetuses who had atrioventricular valve insufficiency but did not develop nonimmune hydrops all survived pregnancy and the early neonatal period. The syndrome of atrioventricular valve insufficiency, nonimmune hydrops, and structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. The hydrops in this instance reflects fetal cardiac failure related to venous hypertension and low colloid oncotic pressure.
Who will deliver better public health?
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Every medical student knows that the greatest improvements in human health have had little to do with clinical medicine. In the industrialised world the biggest leaps in life expectancy happened in the 19th and early 20th centuries, well before the advent of modern medicine. They were largely attributable to improved nutrition, sanitation, vaccination, and education. In low income countries, medicine will struggle to deliver gains in life expectancy without enough of these things. And now, in addition to the ever present dangers of pestilence and war, human health is threatened by late 20th and early 21st century plagues—the excessive consumption of salt, sugar, transfats, tobacco, and alcohol. Where then should we …
Renal Function Changes in Microalbuminuric Normotensive Type II Diabetic Patients Treated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Ramon Romero, Isabel Salinas, Anna Lucas, Elena Abad, Jordi L Reverter, Susan Johnston, Anna Sanmarti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of captopril on microalbuminuria and renal function in normotensive type II diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 26 patients were randomized in two homogeneous groups for clinical and analytical data in a 6-mo follow-up study. Group A received captopril (initial dose: 12.5 mg daily, increased according to tolerance); group B was untreated. RESULTS Microalbuminuria decreased only in the treated group at 6 mo (P = 0.044) and a significant (P = 0.027) mean percentage change on microalbuminuria excretion between the groups was observed. Filtration fraction decreased in group A (baseline: 0.23 ± 0.03; 6 mo: 0.22 ± 0.04) and increased in group B (baseline: 0.22 ± 0.04; 6 mo: 0.25 ± 0.04) with a significant mean percentage change between the groups at 6 mo (P = 0.032). The mean percentage change in microalbuminuria was significantly correlated with a mean percentage change in diastolic blood pressure throughout the trial. Neither metabolic control nor sodium or protein intake changed in either group during the trial. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that captopril can help arrest microalbuminuria in normotensive type II diabetic patients, with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure and filtration fraction after a 6-mo treatment.
Fever of unknown origin: case outcome
Authors: R Sivakumar, S Pavulari, S Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Four weeks ago we presented the case of a 19 year old student who presented with a spiking fever (2 September, p 484). Her condition deteriorated and she required intensive care. As she had no confirmed diagnosis her parents requested a second opinion (9 September, p 541). The parents were informed that her underlying disease had triggered a systemic inflammatory response affecting various organs with an uncertain prognosis. Although it is generally acknowledged that patients do not have an automatic right to a further opinion, doctors should always respect a patient's and relatives' wishes for a second opinion unless there are justifiable reasons for refusal—for example, if it may be harmful to the patient. Such requests should …
A Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in Various Age Groups
Authors: Feng-Cai Zhu, Hua Wang, Han-Hua Fang, Jian Guo Yang, Xiao Jun Lin, Xiao-Feng Liang, Xue-Feng Zhang, Hong-Xing Pan, Fan-Yue Meng, Yue Mei Hu, Wen-Dong Liu, Chang-Gui Li, Wei Li, Xiang Zhang, Jin Mei Hu, Wei Bing Peng, Bao Ping Yang, Pei Xi, Hua-Qing Wang, Jing-Shan Zheng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

There is an urgent need for a vaccine that is effective against the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus.
Osteomalacia due to phosphate depletion from excessive aluminium hydroxide ingestion.
Authors: C E Dent, C S Winter
Journal: BMJ (1974)

therefore result from defective transport of HVA owing to the raised free tryptophan levels rather than to abnormal brain dopamine metabolism.Investigations on brain tissue are re- quired to decide this question.We had hoped that this study would elucidate the arousal effect of levodopa seen in hepatic coma.The results have shown that this cannot be attributed to defective brain dopamine synthesis, but whether it is due to the flushing away of false neurotransmitters accumulating in the brain in liver failure requires further study (Fischer and Baldessarini, 1971).Conceivably the raised plasma free tryptophan levels are important in the mechanism of the cerebral impairment in hepatic en- cephalopathy in view of the reported toxic effects of trypt- ophan in the presence of defective liver function.We are indebted to the Medical Research Council for its sup- port, to the Laboratories Logeais, Issy-les-Moulineux, Paris, for a research fellowship to A.J.K., and to the National Fund for Re- search into Crippling Disease for supporting D.B.K.
ln-111 Leukocyte Imaging in Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium-lntracellulare Infection
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, PETER ROUMANAS, ALFRED J. SWYER, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Radionuclide procedures such as In-111 labeled leukocyte and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy are valuable diagnostic tools in the evaluation of patients with AIDS. The authors describe a strikingly abnormal labeled leukocyte study in a man with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection.
ISOLATED DISEASE OF THE SCAPHOID
Authors: BARCLAY W. MOFFAT
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Since Köhler<sup>1</sup>described the first case of isolated disease of the scaphoid in 1908, forty-two cases have been reported. The disease is of more frequent occurrence than this figure would indicate, however, but is diagnosed weak foot, since it occurs in abducted feet, with mild symptoms which clear up on immobilization. Its importance lies in the fact that it has been mistaken for tuberculous disease. Unfortunately, no reports of the pathology so found have been published. Our knowledge of its pathology is limited to what can be surmised from roentgenograms and the clinical picture. By roentgen ray, the scaphoid is seen as a disk, from one-third to one-fourth normal in size, biconcave, or of irregular density, or opaque. The picture, of course, varies with the stage of the disease. However, the space occupied by the bone is undiminished, and there is no derangement of the other bones, such as
The effect on patients' rights of private commissioning of NHS services
Authors: Christopher Newdick, Christopher M Danbury
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, new vaccine strategies including lipid nanoparticle delivery of antigen encoding RNA have been deployed globally. The BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shows 95% efficacy in preventing disease, but it is unclear how the antibody responses to vaccination differ from those generated by infection. Here we compare the magnitude and breadth of antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and endemic coronaviruses, in vaccinees and infected patients. We find that vaccination differs from infection in the dominance of IgG over IgM and IgA responses, with IgG reaching levels similar to those of severely ill COVID-19 patients and shows decreased breadth of the antibody response targeting endemic coronaviruses. Viral variants of concern from B.1.1.7 to P.1 to B.1.351 form a remarkably consistent hierarchy of progressively decreasing antibody recognition by both vaccinees and infected patients exposed to Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens.
CLOSED DRAINAGE IN THE TREATMENT OF EMPYEMA
Authors: W. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1931)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Viewing static images depicting movement can result in a motion aftereffect: people tend to categorise direction signals as moving in the opposite direction to the implied motion of still photographs. This finding could indicate that inferred motion direction can penetrate sensory processing and impact perception. Equally possible, however, is that inferred motion impacts decision processes, but not perception. Here we test these two possibilities. Since both categorical decisions and subjective confidence are informed by sensory information, confidence can be informative about whether an aftereffect likely results from changes to perceptual or decision processes. We therefore leveraged subjective confidence as an additional measure of the implied motion aftereffect. In Experiment 1 (implied motion), we find support for decision-level changes only, with no change in subjective confidence. In Experiment 2 (real motion), we find equal changes to decisions and confidence. Our results suggest the implied motion aftereffect produces a bias in decision-making, but leaves perceptual processing unchanged.
How to affect antibiotic prescribing practices
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It's too bad there were no behavioral scientists at the recent Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in New Orleans. They would have been delighted by the divergent results of four attempts to alter physician antibiotic prescribing practices. The four programs comprise a casebook of how and how not to go about altering behavior. If you set guidelines but communicate them only by mail, you probably will not accomplish much, a study in Utah showed. In this effort, the Utah Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) sent all physicians in the state a booklet outlining appropriate prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery. The publication defined operations in which such usage was not indicated—so-called clean operations—and recommended that in other operations antibiotic prophylaxis be started less than six hours before the procedure and continued for no more than 48 hours afterward. Both before and after the booklet was sent out, prescribing