tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospects for global health: lessons from tuberculosis.
Authors: S R Benatar
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Preventable diseases continue to afflict billions of people worldwide in both rich and poor countries. With regard to tuberculosis (TB), much has been learned over the past century about Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the responsible infectious agent, and its medical treatment and cure. TB is, however, an old disease currently making a resurgence at the global level. An estimated one third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis and HIV infection is increasing the proportion of those in whom infection will progress to TB disease. HIV and M. tuberculosis infections co-exist most extensively in the poorest parts of the world. TB control programs are inadequate, the degree of multidrug resistance is growing, and infections are increasingly transmitted freely across international borders. The combination of these factors suggests that scientific progress and humanitarian aid to developing countries may not be enough to avert the potential tragedy of untreatable TB. The author discusses the history of TB, the present situation, and the future.
HYDROTHERAPY IN STOMACH DISEASES.
Authors: GEORGE D. KAHLO
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It is universally conceded that water is essential to the performance of all physiologic functions; yet its importance as a remedial agent is not, I think, so generally recognized. The tendency in modern therapy is toward the employment of natural rather than artificial agencies, and nowhere have these principles a wider or more fruitful field of application than in the treatment of diseases of the stomach. While I do not wish to be understood as entirely opposing the use of drugs in these affections, as unquestionably they often exert a most beneficial influence, I desire to say emphatically, that I believe water ranks first among all our therapeutic resources. It may be used internally as a drink, in lavage as a douche and as a spray, and externally, either applied locally or generally. Its effects when administered internally will depend upon the condition of the stomach in respect both to
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (rCBF) MEASURED BY MULTIPLE SPECT ACQUISITIONS FOLLOWING A SINGLE INJECTION OF 99MTC-HMPAO WITH AND WITHOUT ACETAZOLAMIDE (ACZ).
Authors: J P Norenberg, B B Roberts, A Koerner, M F Hartshorne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
CXCL10 regulates liver innate immune response against ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Yuan Zhai, Xiu-Da Shen, Feng Gao, Alice Zhao, Maria Cecilia Freitas, Charles Lassman, Andrew D. Luster, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We have shown that activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent downstream signaling pathway are required for the development of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study focused on the role of TLR4-IRF3 activation pathway products, in particular, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10). The induction of CXCL10 by liver IR was rapid (1 hour postreperfusion), restricted (ischemic lobes), and specific (no CXCL9 and CXCL11 induction). Functionally, CXCL10 was critical for IR-induced liver inflammation and hepatocellular injury. CXCL10 knockout (KO) mice were protected from IRI, as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and preserved liver histological detail. The induction of pro-inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-12β was diminished, whereas the induction of the IL-10 gene remained intact in CXCL10 KO mice, indicating an altered liver response against IR. This was accompanied by selective down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but intact Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activation in the KO IR livers. This altered liver inflammation response was (1) specific to IR, because lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a comparable pro-inflammatory response in CXCL10 KO and wild-type (WT) mice; and (2) responsible for liver cytoprotection from IR, because neutralization of IL-10 restored local inflammation and hepatocellular damage. Conclusion: CXCL10 regulates liver inflammation response against IRI, and its deficiency protected livers from IRI by local IL-10–mediated cytoprotection. Targeting CXCL10 may provide a novel therapeutic means to ameliorate liver IRI in clinics. (Hepatology 2008.)
"NEW ANESTHETICS: ETHYLENE AND ACETYLENE"
Authors: A. B. Luckhardt
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial (May 12, 1923, p. 1383) called our attention to some early work on ethylene. Twice in the progress of our own work (spring, 1918, and summer, 1922) we made, as we thought, a thorough search of the literature for possible references to ethylene, assisted the last time by an expert medical librarian. Unfortunately we failed to find this bibliography. We cannot understand why these early results which, according to the editorial statements, seemed so promising, failed to stimulate the original authors or the later pharmacologists and anesthetists to extend the work during the intervening thirty-eight years as we have done; perhaps their interest was in an investigation of the probable toxic and not the anesthetic properties of ethylene. <h3>Increase of Typhoid Fever in Manila.</h3> —Typhoid fever, says Dr. Proceso Gabriel (<i>Rev. de Med. y Farm.</i>, January, 1923) has shown a steady increase in Manila during
THE PROMOTION OF CALCIUM RETENTION
Authors: O. Loew
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MTwDamsue.l .IDC .1Afound lying fr ee among the intestines in its bag of membranes, with the placenta still partly attached to the lower half of the uterus.There was a large rent extending from the middle of the vagina on the left side up through the cervix to about the junction of the middle anid lower third of the body of tlle uterus; the left broad ligamen-t had been split from far out on the lateral pelvic wall to close up against the bladder.There were only a few small clots in the abdominal cavity.After removing the child with the placenta and membranes initact subtotal hysterectomy was perfor-med, leaviing i he appen- uages, since they were healtliy.The tear in the cervix and vagina was closed with a continuous catgut suture, and the stump of L)A cervix was sewn over in the same way.The abdominal wall was closed in four layers without drainage.The patient stood thle operation fairly well.On her return to bed the stomach was washed out, as it had been found very distended.Within an hour after the completioll of the operation, however, her condition became grave.She was restless, and her pulse had risen to 160, but by 8 a.m.she was improving, and by midday was decidedly better.By 2 p.m. the pulse rate had dropped to 130.The temperature was 98.60 F. and the respirations 30.After this the patient made steady progress.There was a slight degree of fever for the first six days, up to 1000, and once to 100.50 F.; then the temperature became normal for three days, rose slightly on the two following days, and after that returned to niormal.Her pulse was 100 to 120 for the first few days.At the end of theo first week slight thickening was felt in the upper part of the broad ligaments on either side, but there was very little tenderness.The, patient took her food well from the first.The wound healed by first intention, and she was discharged well on October 24th.The patient was seen a month later, and, except for moderate anaemia, was doing well.On vaginal examina- tion the pelvic contents appeared quite normal, and there was no sign of cellulitis.The cervix was patulous on the left side on the site of the old tear.
Development of squamous cell carcinomas in Darier disease: a new model for skin carcinogenesis?
Authors: D.T. Alexandrescu, C.A. Dasanu, H. Farzanmehr, C.L. Kauffman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Development of squamous cell carcinomas in Darier disease: a new model for skin carcinogenesis? Get access D.T. Alexandrescu, D.T. Alexandrescu Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC 20017, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Dasanu, C.A. Dasanu GrupHealth Oncology, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Farzanmehr, H. Farzanmehr Department of Pathology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.L. Kauffman C.L. Kauffman Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC 20017, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 6, 1 December 2008, Pages 1378–1380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08855.x Published: 01 December 2008
Iron absorption in normal and d, 1-ethionine-treated rats before and after the administration of pancreatin.
Authors: B Brozovic, O Popovic, D Obradovic, S Pendic
Journal: Gut (1966)

COMMENT The markedly increased absorption of iron as measured in rats by whole body counting when the pancreas was destroyed by d,l-ethionine is reduced to normal limits when pan- creatin is mixed with the test dose of iron.Pancreatin when given to normal rats also slightly reduces iron absorption.
ET-16 * MARIZOMIB (NPI-0052) ACTIVITY AS A SINGLE AGENT IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA
Authors: K. Di, X. Gong, H. Nguyen, M. Trikha, D. Bota
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor, which displays innate resistance to multiple treatment modalities. Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition can be used as a strategy for treating this malignancy. Marizomib (NPI-0052) is a second generation irreversible proteasome inhibitor, which has a more lipophilic structure and has a broader and more prolonged inhibition profile for 20S proteasome activities compared to bortezomib and carfilzomib. While bortezomib and carfilzomib have only modest activity in gliomas, marizomib might potentially be a novel therapeutic strategy for primary brain tumors. In these studies, we investigated the in vitro activities of marizomib in primary glioma cultures, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) and as well as in established human malignant glioma lines. The effect of marizomib on cell proliferation, proteasome activity, motility, apoptosis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were evaluated in glioma cell lines. The sensitivities varied in function of the pathology of the tumor, with the malignant glioma stem-like cells being the most severely affected, in contrast with the low-grade glioma and NSC-derived cultures. Marizomib inhibited the proliferation of U251-MG and D54-MG cell lines with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 52nM and 20nM respectively, along with a significant decrease in cell migration and invasion. Marizomib treatment of human glioma cells was associated with increased ROS production and apoptosis, along with activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Those effects of marizomib can be suppressed by exposure to the ROS quenching agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). These preclinical studies demonstrate a significant anti-glioma effect of marizomib. Marizomib has relatively little effect on neural stem/progenitor cells suggesting minimal neurotoxicity. But importantly, unlike bortezomib and carfilzomib, marizomib can cross the blood brain barrier. Additional research into the use of marizomib in malignant gliomas orthotropic models is in progress and will be presented during the meeting.
Rehabilitative Care of Stroke Patients
Authors: Charles M. Wylie
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Stroke patients who survive the acute phase of their cerebrovascular accident (CVA) are younger, less severely disabled, and have less advanced cardiovascular disease than those who die. Nevertheless, the more optimistic estimates of success in rehabilitating such survivors are not confirmed by the published results. Many CVA patients delay several months or more before seeking rehabilitative care, although such care produces greater improvement in early applicants. The stimulation for earlier care is a complex problem. We need more information to learn how difficult it is to find patients suitable for rehabilitation at home and in institutions. The intensification of rehabilitation in general hospitals probably deserves most priority. We must also initiate controlled studies of rehabilitative care provided under varying circumstances.
Effect psychothérapeutique ou psychopathogène des examens de laboratoire
Authors: R. Fasquelle
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The favourable or unfavourable psychological effect of laboratory examinations depends not on the examinations themselves but on the person who establishes contact with the patient in connection with the examinations. With regard to laboratory examinations, as in the case of any specialist or general medical examination, what the patient wants is a doctor who is at his disposal, at his service and listening to him.
A novel class of anti-DNA antibodies identified in BALB/c mice.
Authors: R Shefner, G Kleiner, A Turken, L Papazian, B Diamond
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We have characterized four IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from BALB/c mice that bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with high affinity. The hydridomas were selected for expression of a member of the VHS107 family. Three of the four cell lines use the VH11 gene and one uses the VH1 gene. These antibodies exhibit many characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies. They are high affinity and not broadly crossreactive. Unlike the anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune mice, they exhibit no somatic mutation in their VH genes. These results demonstrate that somatic mutation of VHS107 genes is not necessary for generating high affinity dsDNA binding. The fact that such antibodies have not previously been reported suggests that they are rare and that their expression may be downregulated in both nonautoimmune and autoimmune individuals.
Coeliac disease and mental illness.
Authors: J P Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Respiratory side effects of beta-blockers SIR,-I would like to comment on one aspect of the hazards of beta-blockers (leading article, 26 February, p 529)-namely, their use in patients with airways obstruction.It is well known that blockade of beta2 receptors may lead to bronchoconstriction in asthmatics.'This risk is said to be less with the so-called selective beta-blockers, which block predominantely the beta, receptors.My
Jane Cooke Wright
Authors: L. Newman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Oncologist and founder of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

In 1949 Jane Cooke Wright began testing anticancer agents on human leukaemias and cancers of the lymphatic system, one of the first research scientists to do so. Chemotherapy was, at best, little more than a last resort. Her initial research was conducted at Harlem Hospital’s Cancer Research Foundation, in partnership with her father, Louis Wright, the first African-American doctor appointed to a public hospital in New York City. Wright founded the Cancer Research Foundation, and Cooke Wright was appointed its director after he died in 1952.



Jane Cooke Wright



Cooke Wright’s research involved testing hundreds of potential anticancer agents, studying the relation between the responses of patients and tissue cultures, and developing sequential chemotherapy protocols. She understood the importance of cataloguing her work and launched a …
Immediate Surgery in Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Howard M. Clute, J. Fred Lembright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

our clinical experience with it has been highly satisfactory, but also and more especially because we believe that the underlying diseased process demands immediate attention. The term acute cholecystitis implies an infectious process in the gall bladder, and is therefore misleading. Most students of the pathology of this disease now agree that obstruction of the cystic duct is the primary factor and that infection — when present
Training doctors and surgeons to meet the surgical needs of Africa.
Authors: D A Watters, A C Bayley
Journal: BMJ (1987)

An audit of the operations performed and the use of anaesthesia over one year at the University Teaching Hospital, two provincial hospitals, and five district or church hospitals in Zambia was carried out. The aim of the audit was to determine what proportion of operations required full surgical training and to collect information on which recommendations for training surgeons in central Africa could be based. Of the 21,245 operations performed, 18,401 (86.4%) were found not to be complex, and the procedures could be taught to non-surgeons. General anaesthesia was used often, but if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anaesthesia more necessary surgery could be performed.Existing health services cannot meet the needs of people for operations in developing countries. Most people in developing countries live in rural areas, but the facilities for performing operations and the surgeons are concentrated in the cities. The question of who should be trained and how can the trainee best be prepared to perform the range of operations required in rural Africa is addressed in this investigation. A survey of operations was carried out in 4 church hospitals, 1 district hospital, 2 provincial hospitals, and the Universtiy Teaching Hospital in Zambia. The aim was to determine what proportion of operations required full surgical training and to collect information on which recommendations for training surgeons in central Africa could be based. Of the 21,245 operations performed, 18,401 (86.4%) were found not to be complex, and the procedures could be taught to non-surgeons. General anesthesia was used often, but if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anesthesia, more necessary surgery could be performed.
Retrograde Aortic Dissection Occurring During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Aydin M. Bilgutay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A retrograde aortic dissection that occurred during cardiopulmonary bypass was successfully repaired. The cause of dissection was related to the jet of retrograde perfusion. The use of subclavian-to-coronary artery vein bypass when the ascending aorta is not suitable for vein anastomosis because of dissection or aneurysms appears to be a satisfactory alternative to aortacoronary bypass. (<i>JAMA</i>236:465-468, 1976)
STUDIES ON BACILLUS TYPHOSUS TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

It has been demonstrated that many multiples of minimal doses of Bacillus typhosus reacting factors can be neutralized by specific immune sera. The potency of a given serum can be conveniently titrated against increasing amounts of reacting factors. If the immune serum is diluted or if the amount of the reacting factors is too large for a given amount of serum, there is obtained neutralization but only irregularly. Normal and heterologous sera (therapeutic meningococcus and erysipelas horse sera) free of normal agglutinins or possessing normal agglutinins of a low titer (1:16) for Bacillus typhosus are not able to neutralize the reacting factors. There is obtained questionable neutralization with a serum possessing normal Bacillus typhosus agglutinins in dilution 1:64. The titer of the neutralizing antibodies increases in the course of immunization. Immune sera exercise a definite protection against the mortality induced by intravenous injection of Bacillus typhosus culture filtrates.
Israel amends law forcing adult cyclists to wear helmets
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Israeli Knesset (parliament) has passed a private member’s bill allowing adult cyclists to ride without helmets after pressure from companies that have started bicycle rental schemes in Israel’s main cities and from cyclists who dislike wearing helmets.

Israeli children and teenagers, however, will have to continue to wear them on bicycles, scooters, skateboards, and roller skates in urban areas. 

The law making helmets compulsory was passed four years ago. The private member’s bill amending the law was initiated by the Labor MK Shelly Yachimovich, who took the …
Uracil-tegafur as an adjuvant for hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized trial
Authors: Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Tadatoshi Takayama, Masayoshi Ijichi, Yutaka Matsuyama, Hiroshi Imamura, Keiji Sano, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Masatoshi Makuuchi
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Frequent recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery remains a major clinical problem. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether postoperative adjuvant therapy with oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) prevents recurrence of HCC. A total of 160 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for HCC were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg/day of UFT for 1 year after surgery (n = 79, UFT group) or surgery alone (n = 80, control group). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival. Other study variables included liver function and type of recurrence. During a median follow-up of 4.8 years (range: 0.5-7.9), recurrence-free survival curves in the groups were similar (P = .87). Overall survival was slightly but not significantly worse in the UFT group than in the control group (P = .08). The rates of recurrence-free and overall survival at 5 years were 29% and 58%, respectively, in the UFT group, as compared with 29% and 73%, respectively, in the control group. The hazard ratio for recurrence in the UFT group, relative to the control, was 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.84-1.22, P = .87). The proportion of patients with advanced recurrence (i.e., multiple, extrahepatic, or associated with vascular invasion) was significantly higher in the UFT group (74%, 43 of 58 patients with recurrence) than in the control group (53%, 30 of 57) (P = .02). In conclusion, our results offer no evidence to support potential benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT after surgery in patients with HCC and suggest that such treatment may even worsen overall survival.
Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing 5β-cholanic acid for RGD peptide delivery
Authors: Jae Hyung Park, Seunglee Kwon, Ju-Ock Nam, Rang-Woon Park, Hesson Chung, Sang Bong Seo, In-San Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Seo Young Jeong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
South African government forced to give mothers antiretroviral drug
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

South Africa's Constitutional Court has ruled against the South African government in its fight with hundreds of state employed doctors and nurses and the Treatment Action Campaign over the provision of an antiretroviral drug to HIV positive pregnant women.

The government has resisted making nevirapine available to thousands of poor women reliant on public health facilities. The drug helps reduce the transmission of HIV to the unborn infant. It is also cheap and easily administered.

The court decided that the state's policy of providing a very limited number of women with the drug in 18 pilot sites was unconstitutional, as it …