tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Angiogenic Growth Factor Serum Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Christopher Heeschen, Stefanie Dimmeler, Christian W. Hamm, Eric Boersma, Andreas M. Zeiher, Maarten L. Simoons
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In patients with acute coronary syndromes, compensatory processes are initiated, including angiogenesis and endothelial regeneration of ruptured or eroded plaques. Angiogenic growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are upregulated during ischemia. However, it is unknown whether their serum levels are related to clinical outcome.We measured VEGF, HGF, and bFGF levels in 1090 patients with acute coronary syndromes. Angiographic evaluation was performed at baseline as well as death, and nonfatal myocardial infarctions were recorded during 6-month follow-up. HGF and VEGF, but not bFGF, were significantly and independently associated with the patients' outcome. Patients with elevated VEGF serum levels suffered from adverse outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.50 [1.52 to 4.82]; P=0.002). VEGF elevation was associated with evidence of ischemia and was a significant predictor of the effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition. In contrast, patients with high HGF levels had a significantly lower event rate compared with patients with low HGF levels (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.33 [0.21 to 0.51]; P<0.001). HGF levels did not correlate with evidence of ischemia and did not predict the effect of abciximab. Intriguingly, however, HGF levels significantly correlated with angiographically visible collateralization of the target vessel (22.4% versus 10.5%; P<0.001).The angiogenic growth factors VEGF and HGF are independent predictors of the patients' prognosis in acute coronary syndromes. Whereas VEGF elevation correlated with the evidence of myocardial ischemia and indicated an adverse outcome, HGF elevation was independent of ischemia and associated with improved collateralization as well as a favorable prognosis.
Abstract 4508: Novel multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, MRI and PET imaging.
Authors: Kit S. Lam, Yuanpei Li, Tzu-yin Lin, Hongyong Zhang, Caihong Feng, Yan Luo, Chong-Xian Pan, Kai Xiao, Wenwu Xiao, Joyce Lee, Ruiwu Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We have previously reported the development of a versatile nanocarrier platform comprised of PEG-cholic acid cluster telodendrimers that can self-assemble together with hydrophobic cytotoxic anti-cancer agents to form stable nanoparticle drugs. We have successfully loaded these nanoparticles with a number of different cancer drugs. These include paclitaxel, doxorubicin, vincristine, vinblastine, actinomycin D, bortezomib, temsirolimus, sarofinib, and lapatinib. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the micelles can be disrupted by HDL, LDL, VLDL or chylomicron causing premature drug release. Such undesirable properties can be eliminated by cross-linking the telodendrimers with disulfide bonds or boronate-catechol linkages. Very recently, we have developed a series of novel highly versatile multi-functional nancarriers that not only allow efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs, but can also (i) deliver proteins and nucleic acids to target cells, (ii) allow efficient photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy, and (iii) function as sensitive MRI and PET imaging agents for the detection of cancers. Tumor cell surface binding ligands identified through one-bead-one-compound combinatorial chemistry can be easily incorporated into these nanocarriers for effective tumor targeting. On-demand releasable mechanism can also be built into such novel nanoplatforms for more efficacious therapy. Citation Format: Kit S. Lam, Yuanpei Li, Tzu-yin Lin, Hongyong Zhang, Caihong Feng, Yan Luo, Chong-Xian Pan, Kai Xiao, Wenwu Xiao, Joyce Lee, Ruiwu Liu. Novel multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, MRI and PET imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4508. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4508
Secondary prevention for stroke and transient ischaemic attacks
Authors: Keith W Muir
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Research on preventing road traffic injuries in developing countries is neededEditor-The dedication of the World Health Organization's World Health Day 2004 to road safety is recognition of the global threat of road traffic injuries.Increasing population size, vehicle ownership, road infrastructure, and transnational transportation have created a substantial public health burden.However, little epidemiological research has been conducted into preventing road traffic injuries in developing countries.Currently global research and development funding per disability adjusted life year for HIV, asthma, and blindness are $26.2,$10.8, and $5.4, respectively, while only $0.40 for road traffic injuries. 1 Epidemiological studies of successful interventions preventing road traffic injuries have been conducted in developed countries. 2But to assume the same effectiveness in developing countries is inappropriate because of behavioural, vehicular, and environmental differences.A pooled analysis of street lighting intervention data from developed countries shows a protective effect, 3 particularly in pedestrian injury (relative risk 0.56), the most common road traffic injuries in developing countries.Annually, 1.2 million deaths are attributed to road traffic crashes, 85% occurring in developing countries. 4If an intervention such as street lighting could reduce deaths by as much as 30%, there is a potential to save thousands of lives.Various international aid agencies are investing in road infrastructure development.These initiatives could be coupled with the need to develop concrete epidemiological data.Innovative strategies, such as step wedge study design, 5 could lead to the evolution of an evidence based public health approach to this problem.
Asylum seekers in detention centres receive poor medical care, MP says
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors in detention centres have a poor level of competence and often give a poor level of medical care, the Labour MP Diane Abbott said yesterday on the 60th anniversary of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Speaking at a public meeting to discuss the findings of Outsourcing Abuse , a report released in July by Medical Justice, a network of volunteers whose aim is to expose medical abuse of detained immigrants, Ms Abbott claimed that many doctors involved in such work knew little about tuberculosis and malaria and were “just trying to get through the day to earn their money.”

The report—a dossier of 300 cases of alleged assault, including 47 immigrants who agreed to be identified—led …
German transplant group fights to regain public trust
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The German Organ Transplantation Foundation has announced that it will reorganise itself in an effort to win back the trust of potential organ donors.1 The announcement comes in the wake of several high profile transplantation scandals that have resulted in a plunge in the number of organ donations.

The number of deceased organ donors was 13% lower in 2012 than in 2011, falling from 1200 to 1046—the lowest number since 2002, the foundation said. At a press conference on 24 April announcing the reorganisation, …
Mapping a Gene for Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy to Chromosome 14q1
Authors: John A. Jarcho, William McKenna, J.A. Peter Pare, Scott D. Solomon, Randall F. Holcombe, Shaughan Dickie, Tatjana Levi, Helen Donis-Keller, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To identify the chromosomal location of a gene responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we used clinical and molecular genetic techniques to evaluate the members of a large kindred. Twenty surviving and 24 deceased family members had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 58 surviving members were unaffected. Genetic-linkage analyses were performed with polymorphic DNA loci dispersed throughout the entire genome, to identify a locus that was inherited with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in family members. The significance of the linkage detected between the disease locus and polymorphic loci was assessed by calculating a lod score (the logarithm of the probability of observing coinheritance of two loci, assuming that they are genetically linked, divided by the probability of detecting coinheritance if they are unlinked). A DNA locus (D14S26), previously mapped to chromosome 14 and of unknown function, was found to be coinherited with the disease in this family. No instances of recombination were observed between the locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and D14S26, yielding a lod score of +9.37 (θ= 0). These data indicate that in this kindred, the odds are greater than 2,000,000,000:1 that the gene responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is located on chromosome 14 (band q1). (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1372–8.)
AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT
Authors: M. A. BLANKENHORN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 November 1937AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTMOTOR INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PELLAGRA; A REPORT OF 2 CASES*M. A. BLANKENHORN, M.D.M. A. BLANKENHORN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-5-823 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNervous and mental symptoms are conspicuous in textbook descriptions of pellagra, but only the more extensive studies describe motor disturbances other than peripheral neuritis. Hemiplegias and paraplegias are described as being rare and generally occurring in the severe and terminal stages. Grinker1 in a recent textbook states briefly that a picture similar to the neurological complications of pernicious anemia may appear but are never as severe or progressive. He states further that the lesions of the nervous system in pellagra are "not irreversible."With newer methods of treatment, especially with new forms of diet and vitamin concentrates, the severe and...Bibliography1. GRINKER RR: Neurology, 1934, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. Google Scholar2. SPIES TD: The treatment of pellagra, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1935, civ, 1377. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. KLAUDERWINKELMAN JVNW: Pellagra among chronic alcoholic addicts; a clinical and laboratory study, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1928, xc, 364. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio*Read in part at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Central Society for Clinical Research, Chicago, Illinois, November 6, 1936. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1937Volume 11, Issue 5Page: 823-826KeywordsDietLesionsNervous systemParaplegiaPernicious anemia Issue Published: 1 November 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bmi-1 is useful as a novel molecular marker for predicting progression of myelodysplastic syndrome and patient prognosis
Authors: Keichiro Mihara, Moniruddin Chowdhury, Nanae Nakaju, Sachiko Hidani, Akihiro Ihara, Hideo Hyodo, Shin'ichiro Yasunaga, Yoshihiro Takihara, Akiro Kimura
Journal: Blood (2005)
Insulin-Binding Antibodies and Spontaneous Hypoglycemia
Authors: Reed Harwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE case reported below describes an unusual phenomenon in diabetes: the periodic obligatory abandonment of insulin therapy. As far as I can determine, no comparable case has been reported in the literature.Case ReportE.M., a 34-year-old married woman, has had diabetes since early childhood. For many years her daily insulin requirement has been in the range of 140 to 180 units of protamine zinc insulin. This dose is administered at night and is occasionally supplemented by a small dose of crystalline insulin. She has adhered faithfully to her prescribed diet, avoiding carbohydrate sprees except under the conditions described below. . . .
Primary Tuberculosis of the Skin
Authors: Isadore Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1966)

IN THIS communication, primary tuberculosis of the skin is considered synonymous with the primary complex of tuberculosis involving the skin. The primary complex consists of the combination of cutaneous reaction at the site of inoculation with tubercle bacilli in a tuberculous-free individual plus the involvement of regional lymph nodes.<sup>1</sup>Ghon stated that wherever the primary infection occurred and the same anatomical changes took place, the same laws and principles followed as those associated with the pulmonary complex.<sup>1</sup> The purpose of our communication is to report three cases of primary cutaneous complex seen within a four-year period of private practice. The results of chemotherapy are worthy of note. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 5-year-old white boy, in good health, sustained a superficial laceration of his left thigh in November 1960. The wound was treated with penicillin ointment and healed rapidly. Three weeks later, a pink bump was noted
Stressful Life Events, Social Support, Attachment Security and Alexithymia in Vitiligo
Authors: A. Picardi, P. Pasquini, M.S. Cattaruzza, P. Gaetano, C.F. Melchi, G. Baliva, D. Camaioni, A. Tiago, D. Abeni, M. Biondi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

It has often been suggested that stress might trigger vitiligo. However, only one study supported this hypothesis, and no study explored the role of other personality or social factors.Out-patients experiencing a recent onset or exacerbation of vitiligo (n = 31) were compared with out-patients with skin conditions in which psychosomatic factors are commonly were regarded as negligible (n = 116). Stressful events during the last 12 months were assessed with Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events. Attachment style, alexithymia and social support were assessed with the 'Experiences in Close Relationships' questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively.Cases and controls did not differ regarding the total number of events and the number of undesirable, uncontrollable or major events. Three or more uncontrollable events had occurred more frequently among cases than controls. Perceived social support was lower in cases than in controls. Cases scored higher than controls on anxious attachment, tended towards higher scores on avoidant attachment and were classified more often as insecure. Cases scored higher than controls on the TAS-20 and were classified more often as alexithymic or borderline alexithymic. The occurrence of many uncontrollable events, alexithymia and anxious attachment were associated with vitiligo also in multiple logistic regression analysis.These findings suggest that vulnerability to vitiligo is not increased by stressful events, except for many uncontrollable events. Alexithymia, insecure attachment and poor social support appear to increase susceptibility to vitiligo, possibly through deficits in emotion regulation or reduced ability to cope effectively with stress.
Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Treatment with the Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride in Men with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Frans Debruyne, Jack Barkin, Peter van Erps, Mario Reis, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Claus Roehrborn
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Environmental factors and diseases of the pancreas.
Authors: D S Longnecker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The five major diseases of the pancreas together make a significant contribution to morbidity and mortality among the people of the United States. These diseases are diabetes, cystic fibrosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas. Four of these diseases can be modeled in laboratory animals by acute or chronic administration of chemical poisons or carcinogens. Human pancreatic diseases attributed to the effect of chemical agents including alcohol and drugs include many cases of chronic pancreatitis and some cases of acute pancreatitis. The cause is not known in many cases of human pancreatitis, including interstitial, acute, and chronic clinical forms. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the increasing incidence of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas in the United States may reflect chemical carcinogenesis. On the basis of experimental observations, we know that pancreatic islet cells can be damaged directly by toxic chemicals, and that islet cell tumors can be chemically induced. Thus, there is adequate background data to conclude that several pancreatic diseases of obscure etiology may be due in part to hitherto unidentified toxic effects of chemical agents encountered in personal or general environments.
Electron microscopy elucidates eosinophil degranulation patterns in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Hedieh Saffari, Laura H. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Peterson, John C. Fang, Kristin M. Leiferman, Leonard F. Pease, Gerald J. Gleich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Trial design in developing countries
Authors: P Garner, T T. Torres, P Alonso
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Picture an impoverished region in sub-Saharan Africa where health services are virtually non-existent. A donor funds a group of scientists to test whether regular administration of a prophylactic drug or a micronutrient improves child health. The researchers build a research station, and staff deliver the intervention and record illness and death in the study population. After three years the results are published, the intervention is declared effective, and the scientists move on.

Yet back at the study site there are still no health services and micronutrients are still not being delivered. Has the research benefited the participants of the study? Should researchers be allowed to spend money and intervene in people's lives without helping to develop services to …
Entecavir treatment for up to 5 years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ting-Tsung Chang, Ching-Lung Lai, Seung Kew Yoon, Samuel S. Lee, Henrique Sergio M. Coelho, Flair Jose Carrilho, Fred Poordad, Waldemar Halota, Yves Horsmans, Naoky Tsai, Hui Zhang, Daniel J. Tenney, Ricardo Tamez, Uchenna Iloeje
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Sustained virologic suppression is a primary goal of therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In study entecavir (ETV)-022, 48 weeks of entecavir 0.5 mg was superior to lamivudine for virologic suppression for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB. A total of 183 entecavir-treated patients from ETV-022 subsequently enrolled in study ETV-901. We present the results after up to 5 years (240 weeks) of continuous entecavir therapy. The entecavir long-term cohort consists of patients who received ≥1 year of entecavir 0.5 mg in ETV-022 and then entered ETV-901 with a treatment gap ≤35 days. In ETV-901 the entecavir dose was 1.0 mg daily. For patients with samples available at Year 5, proportions with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA &lt;300 copies/mL, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, HBeAg loss, and HBeAg seroconversion were determined. In all, 146 patients met criteria for inclusion in the entecavir long-term cohort. At Year 5, 94% (88/94) had HBV DNA &lt;300 copies/mL and 80% (78/98) had normal ALT levels. In addition to patients who achieved serologic responses during study ETV-022, 23% (33/141) achieved HBeAg seroconversion and 1.4% (2/145) lost hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during study ETV-901. Through 5 years, entecavir resistance emerged in one patient. The safety profile of entecavir was consistent with previous reports. Conclusion: Extended therapy with entecavir through 5 years maintained or increased rates of HBV DNA suppression and ALT normalization. Additional patients also achieved HBeAg loss and seroconversion. Entecavir provides sustained viral suppression with minimal resistance during long-term treatment of HBeAg-positive CHB. (Hepatology 2010.)
Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia by lymph node cells in inbred guinea pigs.
Authors: R Tarrab-Hazdi, A Aharonov, O Abramsky, I Yaar, S Fuchs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia (EAM) was performed with lymph node cells from donor guinea pigs immunized with purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica. Recipient animals revealed the same clinical signs and electromyographic patterns as observed in actively challenged animals. These phenomena are parallel to the clinical manifestations of the human disease myasthenia gravis, in which cellular response to AChR was recently demonstrated.
VOMITING IN GRAVES'S DISEASE AND ITS TREATMENT
Authors: J. A. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TIIE syniptom of obstinate, vomiting in Graves's dis-ease i' fortunately not of very common occurrence.Sometimes, however, it becomles a complication of grave import.Recently tllhee cases lhave corme unlder myiv notice in which tile pationts' lives app-eared to be thlreatened by the per- sis-tence and frequency of tihe vomlitilng.In each case the patient hacl contributled to ler own undoing by ever- exertion at a time wlheni the general symptoms of exoplhtlhalmos, goitre, tremior, and taclhycardia were very severe; caell of the patients was up aind abouit, doing active house-
US health insurance firms issue $1.1bn in rebates to policy holders
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Nearly 13 million US citizens are receiving rebates totalling $1.1bn (£0.7bn; €0.9bn) from their health insurance companies this month.

President Barack Obama has pointed to the rebates as a benefit of the Affordable Care Act, the health reform law he passed in March 2010.1

The rebates were due because some health insurance companies failed to spend 80% to 85% of the insurance premiums they received on providing medical care, as required by the law.

The medical loss ratio, as it’s called, was 80:20 for insurance …
Contextualizing women's violence and aggression: Beyond denial and demonization
Authors: Meda Chesney-Lind
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

This commentary focuses on the role played by constructions of women's violence in the maintenance of male control over women. While actual women's violence tends to be denied, pathologized or minimized, cultural constructions (particularly in the media) of women's violence tend to demonize it. Both of these androcentric cultural processes fail to illuminate the actual sources of the gender gap in violent behavior and instead tend to normalize male aggression and to cultivate female passivity.
RECLASSIFICATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME FROM ADULT TREATMENT PANEL III TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CRITERIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Matthew Topel, Joseph Poole, Alanna Morris, Rebecca Din-Dzietham, Jose Binongo, Viola Vaccarino, Dorothy Coverson, Gary Gibbons, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)