tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overestimating the Influence of the 1999 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors on Survival in Bronchioloalveloar Carcinoma
Authors: Junji Tsurutani, Marc S. Ballas, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

gastroenterologists not working in a family cancer clinic may not have the required skills required to take family history, may not be able to validate reports of caner in relatives, may not know the requirements of meeting Amsterdam Criteria, and may not have the time.In conclusion, we envisage a new paradigm for colorectal cancer genetic services (see Fig 1) whereby identification of mutation carriers is not reliant on referral to family cancer clinics, but instead the family cancer clinics play an essential role in providing genetic counseling and genetic testing for individuals who have developed colorectal cancer and have, through testing of their tumor, a high chance of being a mutation carrier.The role of taking a family history before testing, an expensive, inaccurate, and time-consuming process, may become redundant.More resources will be available to put into providing clinical management for mutation-carrying families.
CONJUGAL TUBERCULOSIS. A STUDY OF CASE TO CASE INFECTION.
Authors: H. M. BANNISTER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The notion of the contagiousness of tuberculosis is largely an<i>a priori</i>conception and not based exclusively on clinical evidence. It is only within the past two decades that it has been seriously considered by the medical profession, certainly in most countries, and until Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus it was, if held anywhere, at least a quiescent theory. Nowadays no one can reasonably question the fact of its communicability to a certain extent, since there is ample evidence of the fact of its occasional occurrence. The question remains, what is the proportionate danger of such occurrence, and does the incidence of phthisis depend so much on direct infection as on constitutional and hereditary predisposition? There is a tendency, of late very manifest, to magnify the former and correspondingly disparage the influence of the latter, and the hereditary element in the causation of the disorder, bids fair to be
STUDIES IN RENAL CIRCULATION DURING PERIODS OF LIFE STRESS AND ACCOMPANYING EMOTIONAL REACTIONS IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF NEURAL ACTIVITY IN REGULATION OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW 1
Authors: John B. Pfeiffer, Harold G. Wolff, O. S. Winter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

SBP-Systolic blood pressure (mm.Hg), DBP-Diastolic blood pressure (mm.Hg), MBP-Mean blood pressure (mm.Hg), PRU-Peripheral resistance units (mm.Hg/cc./min.),R.--Afferent arteriolar resistance (mm.Hg/cc./min.),Ro-Efferent arteriolar resistance (mm.Hg/cc./min.),
Growth Hormone Attenuates Early Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Rats With Large Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Antonio Cittadini, Jessica D Grossman, Raffaele Napoli, Sarah E Katz, Hinrik Strömer, Robert J Smith, Ross Clark, James P Morgan, Pamela S Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Novel cardiac myofilament desensitizing factor released by endocardial and vascular endothelial cells.
Authors: A M Shah, A Mebazaa, R C Wetzel, E G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that both endocardial endothelium and coronary vascular endothelium influence myocardial contraction, but the mediators responsible and their mechanisms of action are not well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of cultured endocardial endothelial and vascular endothelial cell superfusate on contraction and intracellular calcium transients of isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Endothelial cell superfusate induced a potent negative inotropic effect, with a rapid reversible decrease in myocyte twitch amplitude, earlier twitch relaxation, and a significant increase in diastolic length. This effect was not associated with significant changes in intracellular calcium or pH; was not attributable to nitric oxide, prostanoids, cGMP, or protein kinase C activation; and did not involve pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. The activity was stable at 37 degrees C for several hours, was not destroyed by protease treatment, and was found in low-molecular-weight (&lt; 1 kD) superfusate fractions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the tonic release by endothelial cells of a novel, stable factor that acts predominantly by reducing the response of cardiac myofilaments to calcium (ie, "desensitizes" them). This "desensitizing factor" could rapidly modulate cardiac contraction-relaxation coupling and diastolic tonus and exert distant effects because of its stability.
Results of Treatment of Chronic Vasomotor Rhinitis.--Part II
Authors: D. O'Neill, K. Malcomson
Journal: BMJ (1954)

As shown in Part II, stress factors influence both clinical groups.When an organic obstruction such as a polyp blocks the nose little change can be,expected in the airway under the influence of emotion.OCn the other hand, one would expect to find a clearer relationship between emotion and the state of the nose when the rhinitis has an episodic character as in paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrhoea.
Subthalamic Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease — Living Better Electrically?
Authors: Anthony E. Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

One of the true miracles of modern medicine was the introduction of levodopa, the precursor of dopamine, for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, even in the early trials of levodopa, unexpected complications were observed. These included choreoathetotic movements (dyskinesias) and fluctuations from a state of mobility (the "on" period), often accompanied by dyskinesias, to a state of severe parkinsonism ("off" period), sometimes many times a day. These complications become increasingly common and disabling with longer durations of the disease and of exposure to levodopa.In 1995, researchers from Grenoble, France, first reported that this "levodopa syndrome" responded to high-frequency, . . .
Applying Ockham's chainsaw in modeling speech production
Authors: Ludovic Ferrand
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Things should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. –Albert EinsteinThe theory of lexical access in speech production reported by Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer is exciting, well-described and well-organized, but because it relies mainly on the principle of simplicity (Ockham's razor), I argue that it might not be true. In particular, I suggest that overapplying this principle is wrong.
Deposition of inhaled particles in the mouth and throat of asthmatic subjects
Authors: K Svartengren, PA Lindestad, M Svartengren, G Bylin, K Philipson, P Camner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We previously studied the deposition of inhaled particles in the mouth and throat of asthmatic patients, and found large, reproducible differences among subjects. In the present study, we examined whether anatomical and/or functional differences in the pharynx and larynx could underlie this interindividual variation. Deposition in the mouth and throat, and in the lung was estimated in 16 asthmatic subjects after inhalation of 3.6 microns (aerodynamic diameter) monodisperse Teflon particles labelled with 111In. The particles were inhaled at a flow rate of 0.5 l.s-1 with maximally deep breaths. Radioactivity was measured by external scanning over head and neck, lungs and stomach, immediately after the inhalation. Radioactivity in the lungs was also measured 24 h later. A measure of the total amount of particles deposited in the mouth and throat was obtained from the added activities in mouthwash, head and neck, and stomach, immediately after the inhalation of the test particles. Pharynx and larynx function was examined by fibreoptic laryngoscopy performed during a corresponding inhalation procedure. Deposition in the mouth and throat varied widely among the subjects, ranging 9-76% (median 12%). We found two subpopulations, 13 subjects in the range 9-34%, and 3 subjects with &gt; 70% deposition. Deviations in pharyngeal configuration during inhalation were significantly related to high mouth and throat deposition, whereas functional differences in the larynx were not. Our study shows that mouth and throat deposition may be extremely high in some asthmatics, and that pharyngeal configuration affects deposition of particles in the mouth and throat.
Sprint Fidelis Lead Fractures in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
Authors: Ratika Parkash, Bernard Thibault, Larry Sterns, John Sapp, Andrew Krahn, Mario Talajic, Marilynn Luce, Elizabeth Yetisir, Patricia Theoret-Patrick, George Wells, Anthony Tang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Using data from the Resynchronization/Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure (RAFT) study, we examined whether Fidelis lead failure was more common in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (ICD-CRT) than in patients with an ICD only.All cases of patients who had a right ventricular defibrillation lead revision in the RAFT study were adjudicated for the presence of lead fracture. Criteria for fracture were at least 2 of the following: (1) Impedance rise (>50% or >500 Ω in 1 week), (2) short interval count >10 times per day or 300 times per month, or (3) inappropriate shock caused by noise, verified by stored electrogram. A total of 1798 patients were enrolled into the RAFT study, with a mean follow-up of 40±20 months. There were 818 patients (45.5%) who received a Fidelis lead at the original implantation, 405 with an ICD only and 413 with an ICD-CRT. There were 47 confirmed defibrillation lead fractures; 45 were Fidelis leads (5.5% of Fidelis leads). The overall rate of fracture in the ICD group was 3.2% compared with 7.8% in the ICD-CRT group (P=0.006; hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-4.61). Significant correlates of lead fracture in this population were undergoing an ICD-CRT implantation and having ≥2 leads.In this analysis of the RAFT study, patients with an ICD-CRT were found to have a significantly higher fracture rate than patients with an ICD. This finding needs to be considered when these patients are assessed for possible lead revision at the time of an elective generator replacement.
RNA interference screening identifies lenalidomide sensitizers in multiple myeloma, including RSK2
Authors: Yuan Xiao Zhu, Hongwei Yin, Laura A. Bruins, Chang-Xin Shi, Patrick Jedlowski, Meraj Aziz, Chris Sereduk, Klaus Martin Kortuem, Jessica E. Schmidt, Mia Champion, Esteban Braggio, A. Keith Stewart
Journal: Blood (2014)
Anatomy of the Epidemiological Literature on the 2003 SARS Outbreaks in Hong Kong and Toronto: A Time-Stratified Review
Authors: Weijia Xing, Gilles Hejblum, Gabriel M. Leung, Alain-Jacques Valleron
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Weijia Xing and colleagues reviewed the published epidemiological literature on SARS and show that less than a quarter of papers were published during the epidemic itself, suggesting that the research published lagged substantially behind the need for it.
Interferon-β-1a for the Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Eugen Musch, Tilo Andus, Wolfgang Kruis, Andreas Raedler, Martina Spehlmann, Stefan Schreiber, Bernd Krakamp, Mouhamad Malek, Helmut Malchow, Filip Zavada, Gerhard Engelberg Feurle
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Mcl-1 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential target for antisense therapy
Authors: Wolfgang Sieghart, Doris Losert, Sabine Strommer, Daniel Cejka, Katharina Schmid, Susanne Rasoul-Rockenschaub, Martin Bodingbauer, Richard Crevenna, Brett P. Monia, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Volker Wacheck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Molecular Pathways: Molecular Basis for Sensitivity and Resistance to JAK Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Sara C. Meyer, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Janus-activated kinases (JAK) are the mediators of a variety of cytokine signals via their cognate receptors that result in activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Alterations in JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 signaling contribute to different disease states, and dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling is associated with hematologic malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and immune-deficient conditions. Genetic alterations of JAK2 occur in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and occur in a subset of patients with acute leukemias. JAK-mediated signaling critically relies on STAT transcription factors, and on activation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling axes. Hyperactive JAK at the apex of these potent oncogenic signaling pathways therefore represents an important target for small-molecule kinase inhibitors in different disease states. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and the JAK3 inhibitor tofacitinib were recently approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively, and additional ATP-competitive JAK inhibitors are in clinical development. Although these agents show clinical activity, the ability of these JAK inhibitors to induce clinical/molecular remissions in hematologic malignancies seems limited and resistance upon chronic drug exposure is seen. Alternative modes of targeting JAK2 such as allosteric kinase inhibition or HSP90 inhibition are under evaluation, as is the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Combination therapy approaches integrating inhibition of STAT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways with JAK kinase inhibitors might be critical to overcome malignancies characterized by dysregulated JAK signaling.
A Savage Place
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Most doctors of my acquaintance shun all the "mutation" forms of opera, whether these be saponified, equine, or merely clinical. They tread a wary course through the highly obstacled channels of television and hardly ever read any nonprofessional medical books. The fictional ennoblement (or bastardization, as the case may be) of medical practitioners can be trying. Yet every doctor who carries around his own unwritten manuscript of<i>the</i>great medical novel in his imaginary literary portfolio (and who among us does not) owes it to himself to read at least one of this able surgeon-novelist's painless books, preferably the latest. Dr. Slaughter writes with refreshing, if dramatized, authenticity. His clear, easily readable style has something of the surgeon's precise and tidy technique. This book, rapidly paced, narrates the conversion of a small-town proprietary hospital into a voluntary one by a newly appointed, board-certified staff surgeon. The entrenched prophylactic surgeons thought
Stat5 tetramer formation is associated with leukemogenesis
Authors: Richard Moriggl, Veronika Sexl, Lukas Kenner, Christopher Duntsch, Katharina Stangl, Sebastien Gingras, Angelika Hoffmeyer, Anton Bauer, Roland Piekorz, Demin Wang, Kevin D. Bunting, Erwin F. Wagner, Karoline Sonneck, Peter Valent, James N. Ihle, Hartmut Beug
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Postpartum Rubella Vaccination
Authors: John R. Evrard
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An important point to be considered in any postpartum rubella immunization program (225:158, 1973) is the management of the Rhnegative mother who has just given birth to an Rh-positive infant. If the woman has been sensitized she should receive anti-Rh<sub>o</sub>(D) immunoglobulin after delivery. Since anti Rh<sub>o</sub>(D) immunoglobulin contains a small amount of rubella antibody, anti Rh<sub>o</sub>(D) and rubella vaccine should not be used simultaneously. Obviously, administration of anti Rh<sub>o</sub>(D) takes precedence postpartum, and rubella immunization should be deferred.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL VERSUS PATHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF LEFT ATRIAL REMODELING: A SPECKLE TRACKING STRAIN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Georg Goliasch, Mayank Kansal, Sandeep Gangireddy, Makoto Amaki, Giuseppe Caracciolo, Robert T. Hurst, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Vivek Reddy, Jagat Narula, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Myocardial Steatosis Is an Independent Predictor of Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Luuk J. Rijzewijk, Rutger W. van der Meer, Johannes W.A. Smit, Michaela Diamant, Jeroen J. Bax, Sebastiaan Hammer, Johannes A. Romijn, Albert de Roos, Hildo J. Lamb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
How to Treat Blunt Kidney Ruptures: Primary Open Surgery or Conservative Treatment with Deferred Surgery When Necessary?
Authors: H. Danuser, H. Danuser, S. Wille, S. Wille, G. Z&ouml;scher, G. Z&ouml;scher, U.E. Studer, U.E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Development of tyrosine aminotransferase and para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activities in fetal and neonatal human liver.
Authors: J J Ohisalo, T Laskowska-Klita, S M Andersson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

In livers of fetuses of 220--340 g body wt, total cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase activity was 1.0 nmol of product/mg of protein per min, and the corresponding values for autopsy livers of newborns of 740--1,475 g and 2,600--3,650 g were 1.5 and 5.7, respectively, as compared with the adult value of 12.7. On the other hand, para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity is at adult level already in fetuses less than 340 g body wt. The Km value for tyrosine of tyrosine aminotransferase (1 mM) was considerably higher than the corresponding value for para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate of para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (50 micro M). These results suggest that tyrosine aminotransferase is the rate limiting enzyme in the catabolism of tyrosine in premature infants.
PROLAPSE OF MUCOUS COATS OF THE SIGMOID THROUGH A PERFORATION OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: J. A. HARTMANN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following case is of interest, since the conditions were so rare as to be almost past belief. It is true that prolapse of some part of the bowel, through the uterus, is not uncommon, but in all of the cases reported the prolapse consisted of the entire coats of the bowel. In the case I am about to describe, most of the pathologic conditions were different. Indeed, I doubt if a similar condition has ever been seen. I have, after repeated attempts on the cadaver, been unable to produce it. In this instance, the mucous membrane had been stripped from its attachments to the muscular coat, and pulled through a small opening in the upper part of the rectum, just above Douglas' cul-de-sac, the mucous membrane being torn off about three inches above the anus, leaving the lower three inches of the rectum still lined by mucous membrane. The
Liver hamartomas in patients on oral contraceptives.
Authors: M Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1974)

concentration of the dialysate still gave a negative result.This woman clearly had a massive over- dose of tricyclic antidepressants and it was considered that her chances of survival were extremely poor.It seemed to us that haemo- dialysis was responsible for a dramatic clinical improvement.This does not seem to be supported by the analyses for the drug we were alble to make.In fact the decrease in plasma imipramine level did not approach the half-time of 3hours reported by Ciba-Geigy (N.Z.) Ltd. (personal com- munication).From our results no increase in the rate of fail of plasma imipramine occurred during dialysis.Unfortunately the lack of samples prior to dialysis leaves some doubt on this point.Our inability to locate any imiprarnine in the dialysate may be explained by the interesting comments of Drs.Asbach and Schuiler (24 August, p. 524) who claim that imirpramine is taken up by the polyvinyl chloride of the extracorporeal blood-line system.Our limited eWerience, that of Harthorne et al.3 and the recent letters from Drs. Asbach and Schuiler have encouraged us to give early consideration to this form of treatment in patients with severe poisoning.However, the recovery of significant amounts of drug by forced diuresis may yet indicate that this method is the most suitable way of eliminating absorbed imipramine and other tricydlic antidepressants.-Weare, etc.,
An Antidote for Propoxyphene HCl
Authors: W. J. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The oral administration of activated charcoal may be an effective means for treating acute ingestions of propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon). While investigating the adsorption by activated charcoal of drugs and household poisons, we found that 5 gm of activated charcoal (Norit A) will adsorb in vitro a significant amount of propoxyphene hydrochloride, 99% of a 10 capsule dose (320 mg) and 70% of a 30 capsule dose (960 mg). Since there is no known specific treatment for propoxyphene poisoning and many fatalities have resulted from the accidental or purposeful ingestion of this drug, we feel that this mode of therapy may prove useful and possibly lifesaving. We suggest that physicians treating suspected propoxyphene ingestion administer a slurry of 10 gm of activated charcoal by mouth when the patient is first seen, before induction of emesis or gastric lavage. Following stomach emptying, another 10 gm dose should be given
Comparison of Trihalomethanes in Tap Water and Blood: A Case Study in the United States
Authors: Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, J. Michael Wright, Benjamin C. Blount, Lalith K. Silva, Elizabeth Jones, Ronna L. Chan, Rex A. Pegram, Philip C. Singer, David A. Savitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Epidemiological studies have used various measures to characterize trihalomethane (THM) exposures, but the relationship of these indicators to exposure biomarkers remains unclear. We examined temporal and spatial variability in baseline blood THM concentrations and assessed the relationship between these concentrations and several exposure indicators (tap water concentration, water-use activities, multiroute exposure metrics). We measured water-use activity and THM concentrations in blood and residential tap water from 150 postpartum women from three U.S. locations. Blood ΣTHM [sum of chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromo-chloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)] concentrations varied by site and season. As expected based on variable tap water concentrations and toxicokinetic properties, the proportion of brominated species (BDCM, DBCM, and TBM) in blood varied by site (site 1, 24%; site 2, 29%; site 3, 57%) but varied less markedly than in tap water (site 1, 35%; site 2, 75%; site 3, 68%). The blood-water ΣTHM Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.36, with correlations higher for individual brominated species (BDCM, 0.62; DBCM, 0.53; TBM, 0.54) than for TCM (0.37). Noningestion water activities contributed more to the total exposure metric than did ingestion, but tap water THM concentrations were more predictive of blood THM levels than were metrics that incorporated water use. Spatial and temporal variability in THM concentrations was greater in water than in blood. We found consistent blood-water correlations across season and site for BDCM and DBCM, and multivariate regression results suggest that water THM concentrations may be an adequate surro-gate for baseline blood levels.