tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Prescrire International (A New Quarterly Journal)
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 August 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Prescrire International (A New Quarterly Journal)Edward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusEdward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Prescrire International (a new quarterly journal)Association Mieux Prescrire; 83, boulevard Voltaire; 75011 Paris, France. Subscription rates: Individual, 440 FF (approximately $90.00); institutional, 900 FF (approximately $187.00); payment can be made by Visa card, Eurocard, MasterCard, or international money order.Most nonacademic physicians are usually much too pressed for time to use journal reports of drug trials for helpful judgments on effective use of new drugs. The time needed to search indexes like MEDLINE, to receive the papers ordered, to read them critically, and to draw comfortable conclusions is beyond what they can invest to be well informed. This is ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 350KeywordsCardiovascular therapyDrug informationDrugsHappiness Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Carbon monoxide inhibits apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: X Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated from vascular smooth muscle cells via the degradation of heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase-1. Since smooth muscle cell apoptosis is associated with numerous vascular disorders, we investigated whether CO regulates apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle.Treatment of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells with a combination of cytokines (interleukin-1beta, 5 ng/ml; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, 20 ng/ml; interferon-gamma, 200 U/ml) for 48 h stimulated apoptosis, as demonstrated by DNA laddering, annexin V binding, and caspase-3 activation. However, the exogenous administration of CO inhibited cytokine-mediated apoptosis. The antiapoptotic action of CO was partially dependent on the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and was associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and with the suppression of p53 expression. Incubation of smooth muscle cells with the cytokines also resulted in a pronounced increase in heme oxygenase-1 protein after 24 h of stimulation. The addition of the heme oxygenase inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX, or the CO scavenger, hemoglobin, stimulated apoptosis following 24 h of cytokine exposure.These results demonstrate that CO, either administered exogenously or endogenously derived from heme oxygenase-1 activity, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. The ability of CO to block smooth muscle cell apoptosis may play an important role in blocking lesion formation at sites of vascular injury.
Placebo Therapy-Reply
Authors: Tomas J. Silber
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Having received more than 100 letters from different parts of the world in response to my July 20, 1979 COMMENTARY, I think that the letters written by Dr Blechman and by Dr Lowenstein are representative of the many concerns that the issue raises among the practicing physicians. In answer to Dr Blechman, I insist that in my argument I have not created an absolute moral prohibition against placebo use, but that having established a criticism against its indiscriminate use, I place the burden of proof back on the prescriber. In response to Dr Lowenstein, I have to say that his views are fully consistent with my own comments on the subject (and therefore without question represent absolute truth). I add that through clinical reflections, we may often come to find alternatives to the use of placebo—which could have a placebo effect without the deceptive elements of the placebo.
KATP channel modulation in working rat hearts with coronary occlusion: effects of cromakalim, cicletanine, and glibenclamide
Authors: P. Ferdinandy, Z. Szilvassy, M. T. Droy-Lefaix, T. Tarrade, M. Koltai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

We studied the effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) modulation on ischemic cardiac performance and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), and assessed the contribution of KATP to the cardioprotective and anti-arrhythmic effect of the anti-hypertensive drug cicletanine.Isolated working rat hearts, subjected to a 10-min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, were perfused in the presence of vehicle, 0.1-60 microM cromakalim, an opener of KATP; 3-60 microM cicletanine; and 0.1-10 microM glibenclamide, a blocker of KATP, respectively.All concentrations of cicletanine, similarly to 0.1-10 microM cromakalim, attenuated ischemia-induced deterioration of aortic flow, left ventricular developed pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In contrast to cromakalim, cicletanine did not increase coronary flow. Cicletanine (60 microM) and cromakalim (10 and 60 microM) significantly reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced VF; however, 60 microM cromakalim triggered VF during ischemia. Lower concentrations of cromakalim and cicletanine did not produce an anti-arrhythmic effect. Cardiac functional parameters were concentration dependently worsened by glibenclamide, and the drug did not change the incidence of VF. Glibenclamide (0.1 microM) did not significantly affect cardiac performance, but it did abolish the anti-ischemic effect of cromakalim (1-10 microM) and cicletanine (60 microM). Glibenclamide suppressed the anti-arrhythmic effect of 10 and 60 microM cromakalim; however, it did not affect the anti-arrhythmic effect of cicletanine.(i) The anti-ischemic but not the anti-arrhythmic effect of cicletanine may involve opening of KATP. (ii) opening of KATP attenuates, inhibition of the channel exacerbates functional consequences of coronary occlusion, and (iii) KATP opening attenuates reperfusion-induced VF, but it triggers ischemia-induced VF. KATP blocking does not affect VF.
Dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by prostaglandin E1 in aortic arch abnormalities.
Authors: M A Heymann, W Berman, A M Rudolph, V Whitman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Infants with aortic arch interruption of juxtaductal coarctation of the aorta may depend on patency of the ductus arteriosus to provide adequate lower body perfusion. In many such infants the ductus arteriosus constricts after birth, resulting in severe heart failure, poor systemic perfusion and acidemia. We infused prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) at a rate of 0.05--0.1 microgram/kg/min into seven infants with aortic arch interruption and eight infants with coarctation. In one infant in each group the ductus arteriosus was already closed and did not reopen. In one infant with coarctation an adequate trial was not accomplished, and in another adequate pressure measurements were not obtained. Of the remaining 11, the ductus arteriosus was effectively dilated by PGE1 in 10 infants. This was evidenced by an increase in descending aortic blood pressures and a reduction in the pressure difference between the main pulmonary artery and descending aorta in six infants with aortic arch interruption and between ascending and descending aorta in four infants with coarctation. Lower body perfusion improved and left ventricular failure was improved. The infant who did not respond was 5 months old. There were no complications.
Investigations of an optimal inhaler technique with the use of urinary salbutamol excretion as a measure of relative bioavailability to the lung.
Authors: M Hindle, D A Newton, H Chrystyn
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--A simple non-invasive method, in which a urine sample is taken 30 minutes after drug administration, has previously been shown to be a measure of the relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lungs. This technique has been used to determine an optimal inhaler technique with commercially available metered dose inhalers (MDI). METHODS--Ten healthy subjects were trained in the use of MDIs. Each inhaled 4 x 100 micrograms salbutamol in a series of experiments to examine the relative bioavailability to the lung after different respiratory manoeuvres. Urine collection intervals were 0-0.5 hours and 0.5-24 hours after administration. RESULTS--There was significantly greater elimination of unchanged salbutamol 30 minutes after administration, indicating a greater relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lungs after (1) exhaling gently to residual volume rather than to functional residual capacity before inhalation; (2) slow inhalation (10 l/min) compared with fast inhalation (50 l/min); (3) breath holding for 10 seconds after inhalation compared with no breath holding. CONCLUSIONS--All patient information leaflets and healthcare personnel should standardise the instructions given to patients and should adopt the inhalation method proposed.
Selection on Synonymous Sites for Increased Accessibility around miRNA Binding Sites in Plants
Authors: Wanjun Gu, Xiaofei Wang, Chuanying Zhai, Xueying Xie, Tong Zhou
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Synonymous codons are widely selected for various biological mechanisms in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) function may affect synonymous codon choices near miRNA target sites. To better understand this, we perform genome-wide analysis on synonymous codon usage around miRNA target sites in four plant genomes. We observed a general trend of increased site accessibility around miRNA target sites in plants. Guanine-cytosine (GC)–poor codons are preferred in the flank region of miRNA target sites. Within-genome analyses show significant variation among miRNA targets in species. GC content of the target gene can partly explain the variation of site accessibility among miRNA targets. miRNA targets in GC-rich genes show stronger selection signals than those in GC-poor genes. Gene's codon usage bias and the conservation level of miRNA and its target also have some effects on site accessibility, but the expression level of miRNA or its target and the mechanism of miRNA activity do not contribute to site accessibility differences among miRNA targets. We suggest that synonymous codons near miRNA targets are selected for efficient miRNA binding and proper miRNA function. Our results present a new dimension of natural selection on synonymous codons near miRNA target sites in plants, which will have important implications of coding sequence evolution.
On the Resuscitation of Still-born Children
Authors: J. Toogood
Journal: BMJ (1841)

RESUSCITATION OF 8TIL,L-3ORN CHlLDRtV.contains no less than 110 pages, (more than one-thiird ofthe entire work,) into whiich Dr. Davis has contrived to transfer thirty-seven cases from Golis, not to mention several ob- servations from the works of Quin and Cheyne.The original work of Golis contained exactly thirty-seven case"; every onie of these has Dr. Daviis, with unreletuess hand, seized upon and displayed in his pages, for the superfluous purpose of proving to us that hydrocephlalus is an inifm- matory disease.
A tyrosinase gene missense mutation in temperature-sensitive type I oculocutaneous albinism. A human homologue to the Siamese cat and the Himalayan mouse.
Authors: L B Giebel, R K Tripathi, R A King, R A Spritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Type I oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which deficient synthesis of melanin pigment results from abnormal activity of melanocyte tyrosinase. A novel type I OCA phenotype in which hypopigmentation is related to local body temperature is associated with a missense substitution in tyrosinase, codon 422 CGG (Arg)----CAG (Gln). This substitution results in a tyrosinase polypeptide that is temperature-sensitive. This form of type I OCA thus is homologous to the temperature-related forms of albinism seen in the Siamese cat and the Himalayan mouse.
Some Practical Points in the Treatment of Retention of Urine
Authors: G. B. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1890)

sure the mode of origin of the larger papillomata of the ducts.This change in the latter consists in a fairly regular outgrowth from the inner surfaces of the duct of projections covered by epi- thelium, which, on section, leaves little doubt that they are growths similar to the larger one just described, but at a much earlier stage of development.These projections consist of a central fibrous strand, covered by a double or treble layer of low columnar or cuboid cells.Some of these projections are simple spurs 'w'~~~ Plate IV.-Vertical section through the body of one of the lobes of the raspberry-like duct papilloma showing the fibrous stroma split up into bands enclosing loculi filled with epithelial cells of varying size and shape.The whole section has a considerable resemblance to a section Case.Age.
c-KIT expression enhances the leukemogenic potential of 32D cells.
Authors: Q Hu, M Trevisan, Y Xu, W Dong, S A Berger, S D Lyman, M D Minden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The growth of human leukemic cells in culture and in vivo is dependent upon the presence of hematopoietic growth factors. Most populations of human leukemic acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells express c-Kit on their surface and respond to Kit ligand (KL) in culture. To determine if this interaction was of potential significance in vivo we used a mouse model system. 32D cells, a murine IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line, were rendered KL responsive by transfection of the murine c-Kit. After injection of 32D or 32D-Kit cells into syngeneic hosts, animals bearing 32D-Kit cells, but not 32D cells, became moribund and were killed. These animals had circulating leukemic blast cells, infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, brain, liver, lung, and kidney. Cells recovered from some of the animals continued to be dependent upon IL-3 or KL for growth while in other cases the cells were factor independent. This model illustrates that the constitutive expression of c-Kit enhances the leukemic potential of 32D cells. The model will be useful for studying the progression of leukemia in vivo and testing whether interruption of the interaction of Kit and KL can affect the growth of leukemic cells.
Prematurity, chorioamnionitis, and the development of recurrent wheezing: A prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Yunxian Yu, Rachel E. Story, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Ruchi Gupta, Colleen Pearson, Kathryn Ortiz, Howard C. Bauchner, Xiaobin Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The NHS prepares for war.
Authors: D W Yates
Journal: BMJ (1991)

tigmine tablets to take before exposure and autoinjection devices to allow the rapid administration of atropine, oxime, and diazepam after exposure.Should members of the armed forces fall victim to exposure from chemical weapons immediate treatment will be provided by the armed forces medical services.Before evacuation to the United Kingdom all casualties will have been decontaminated and stabilised, so that doctors in the United Kingdom are likely to be concerned mainly with the late effects ofexposure.Burns surgeons, dermatologists, respiratory physicians, and ophthalmologists are likely to be most heavily concerned with victims of mustard gas, whereas clinical toxicologists, general physicians, neurologists, and anaesthetists are likely to be concerned with the victims of nerve agents, whose treatment may be prolonged.
Having Walked the Path
Authors: Scott K. Heysell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On Being a Doctor2 September 2014Having Walked the PathScott K. Heysell, MD, MPHScott K. Heysell, MD, MPHFrom University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0326 Audio Reading - “Having Walked the Path” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Having Walked the Path," by S.K. Heysell. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Harlan Casey's room was the farthest from the nurses' station at the end of the hallway, one usually saved for patients with contagious diseases. Yet Harlan had clogged arteries and a failing heart. In his case, the sheer volume of his diatribe and the quantity of Stetson cologne that he wore provoked his relative quarantine. I braced myself every morning before walking into his room. Each day brought new debate.“What you're saying, Mr. Casey ... what you're saying is that you're a man of faith.”“Doc, I am not a man of faith. I'm a man of fervor.” Harlan's ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.Corresponding Author: Scott K. Heysell, MD, MPH, University of Virginia, PO Box 801337, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1337; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Having Walked the Path” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Having Walked the Path," by S.K. Heysell. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 September 2014Volume 161, Issue 5Page: 374-375KeywordsArteriesCoffeeHeartIschemiaQuarantinesStent implantationSweatThoraxTongueWalking ePublished: 2 September 2014 Issue Published: 2 September 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Floral variant of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Seema M. Policepatil, Ronald S. Go, Gordon G. Zeng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

A 55-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of a slow growing mass in her right neck and unexplained 20-lb weight loss. An excision biopsy showed a lymph node measuring 1.5 cm in widest diameter. On light microscopy, in addition to a nodular appearance, a floral architecture was appreciated (Image 1). The normal nodal architecture was effaced by a monotonous population of large CD20+ lymphocytes forming abnormally shaped follicles. These follicles had centers composed of large cells infiltrated by small lymphocytes coming from the surrounding mantle zones (Image 2), forming an unusual serpiginous pattern. Immunohistochemistry showed the large cell were CD20+ (Image 3), CD3− (Image 4), CD5−, CD10−, bcl-2−, and cyclin D1− [3]. Kappa and lambda light chain staining revealed scattered positive plasma cells, but the large cells were negative. The final diagnosis was floral variant of follicular grade 3B non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Subsequent staging workup showed that she had no residual disease after the excision biopsy and therefore was considered to be stage IB. As she became asymptomatic, no further therapy was given. First described in 1987, the floral variant is a rare but distinct morphological entity that can be seen in all grades of follicular lymphoma [1]. Only a limited number of cases have been reported to date. This entity can mimic progressive transformation of germinal center, which can occur as a feature of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or in association with lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma and nodal marginal zone lymphoma with floral follicles [2,4]. The floral variant does not appear to alter the prognosis of follicular lymphoma and is currently not listed as a distinct clinical entity in the World Health Organization lymphoma classification.
Incidence of thyroid disease associated with oral contraceptives.
Authors: P Frank, C R Kay
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Incidence of thyroid disease associated with oral contraceptivesCell-mediated irnmunosuppression in pregnancy and in women taking oral contraceptives has been described.1 2 Temporary remission of autoimmune thyroid disease with postpartum recurrence has also been reported associated with the gradual reduction of serum antithyroid antibody titres as the pregnancy progressed, followed by a postpartum increase reaching a peak three to four months after delivery.3
A SIMPLE APPLIANCE FOR FRACTURED CLAVICLE
Authors: S. H. Rynkiewicz
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A simple appliance for effecting and maintaining retraction of the shoulders in fracture of the clavicle consists of a strip of 2½ inch cotton webbing, 58 inches long, and a wire square (as at<i>A</i>in the illustration). The child size is a strip 2 inches wide and approximately 40 inches long, with a correspondingly smaller square. The square is made from No. 10 rust-proof clothes-line wire and is bent in a vise into a rectangle form, 2½ inches by 3 inches for adult size, and 2 inches by 2½ inches for child size. The ends of the wire are welded or may be bent in link form to lock. The method of accomplishing as much retraction of the shoulders as is necessary simply by making traction on the ends of the cotton webbing strip is indicated in<i>A</i>of the accompanying figure.<i>B</i>shows each end fastened by a
Fatal Heat Stroke
Authors: Theodore Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  In the report of fatal heat stroke in an 18-year-old football player ( 216 :1195, 1971) one important aspect of the case was neglected in the discussion. Although the boy was said to have been initially in excellent health, it was found at the onset of the acute illness that his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was 90 mg/100 ml and at autopsy the heart greatly enlarged, weighing 750 gm. These facts suggest that there had been chronic hypertensive cardiovascular renal disease.  It is well known 1 that hot, humid weather is stressful to the circulatory system and that persons with limited cardiac output do poorly in hot weather as the skin circulation is inadequate for body temperature control. Football is notorious in this regard and every effort should be made to eliminate persons with heart disease from this sport. It would be interesting to know whether the