tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolated rat hepatocyte couplets in short-term culture: Structural characteristics and plasma membrane reorganization
Authors: Anil Gautam, Oi-Cheng Ng, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Studies of canalicular bile secretion have been limited due to lack of direct access to the canalicular lumen. Isolated rat hepatocyte couplets, consisting of two hepatocytes enclosing a canalicular space, have been proposed as a primary secretory unit that may be useful for direct studies of unmodified canalicular bile secretion. The present study examines their structural characteristics and plasma membrane reorganization. The canalicular space of freshly isolated hepatocyte couplets is freely permeable to ruthenium red, but within 4 hr the junctional borders reseal in most couplets which then exclude ruthenium red from the luminal area. These resealed spaces expand in 61.8 ± 10% of couplets as secretion is elaborated and after 4 hr in monolayer culture, 12.7 ± 4.7% of the canalicular spaces are dilated to diameters greater than 3 μ. Normal-appearing microvilli line these canalicular membranes in the majority of dilated spaces as assessed by electron microscopy. Immediately after isolation, Mg++-ATPase, a histochemical marker for canalicular membranes, is located as a discrete band corresponding to the normal in vivo circumferential distribution of the canalicular membrane domain. However, this pattern of Mg++-ATP-ase staining rapidly diminishes and reorganizes at the remaining canalicular pole within several hours. This membrane reorganization is a microfilament-dependent process, since it is inhibited by cytochalasin D but not by colchicine, an inhibitor of microtubular function or cycloheximide, an inhibitor of new protein synthesis. Thus, 3 to 4 hr after isolation, the isolated hepatocyte couplet has reorganized its canalicular membrane, retaining polarity of its excretory domain only at the remaining junctional contacts between adjacent hepatocytes. Secretion is elaborated into the ruthenium red impermeant canalicular lumen permitting direct studies of canalicular bile secretion by micropuncture, electrophysiologic and quantitative microscopic techniques.
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Current Indicators for Measuring Coverage of Diarrhea Treatment Interventions and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Christa L. Fischer Walker, Olivier Fontaine, Robert E. Black
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In a PLOS Medicine Review, Christa Fischer Walker and colleagues examine the diarrhea severity and treatment indicators that are currently collected in two large-scale community-based household surveys and suggest several ways to improve these coverage indicators.
Ethical Considerations Surrounding Lethal Injection
Authors: Mark White
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Discoverer of Anesthesia.
Authors: Fred. S. Clinton
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Tulsa, I. T., Nov. 15, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> I noticed a communication from James McManus, D.D.S., of Hartford, Conn., in the November 10 issue ofThe Journalin which he refers to the action taken byThe American Medical Associationand other well-known associations wherein they have gone on record that it is their belief that Dr. Horace Wells, of Hartford, Conn., was the discoverer of modern anesthesia. Did these associations so commit themselves? If so, what facts had they for such an action? Dr. McManus must have been blinded by professional loyalty and civic pride, for from the facts in the case he is not justified in claiming this imperishable honor for Dr. Wells. The most incontrovertible facts and best authenticated details as to its prior discovery by Crawford W. Long, M.D., of Athens, Ga., March 30, 1842, two years and eight months before Dr. Wells even claimed
Severe oral allergy syndrome and anaphylactic reactions caused by a Bet v 1– related PR-10 protein in soybean, SAM22
Authors: Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Andrea Wangorsch, Lothar Vogel, Dring N. Crowell, Uwe-Frithjof Haustein, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Development of Gastric Tumors in <i>Apc</i>Min/+ Mice by the Activation of the β-Catenin/Tcf Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hiroyuki Tomita, Yasuhiro Yamada, Takeru Oyama, Kazuya Hata, Yoshinobu Hirose, Akira Hara, Takahiro Kunisada, Yasuyuki Sugiyama, Yosuke Adachi, Heinz Linhart, Hideki Mori
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Although several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of the Wnt pathway in the development of gastric cancers, the functional significance of the pathway in gastric carcinogenesis is still poorly defined. To examine the role of the Apc/β-catenin signaling pathway in the development of gastric cancers, we investigated the gastric mucosa of the ApcMin/+ mouse, which is a murine model for familial adenomatous polyposis, carrying a germ-line mutation at codon 850 of Apc. We found that aged ApcMin/+ mice spontaneously develop multiple tumors in the stomach, which are accompanied by loss of heterozygosity of Apc. Such tumors consisted of adenomatous glands with strong nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Even a single adenomatous gland already showed nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, suggesting that Apc/β-catenin pathway is an initiating event in gastric tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. Myc and cyclin D1 expressions, which are transcriptional targets of β-catenin/Tcf, increased in the adenomatous lesions. Furthermore, β-catenin/Tcf reporter transgenic mice with ApcMin allele showed higher levels of the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/Tcf in the gastric tumors. We also treated ApcMin/+ and wild-type mice with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), an alkylating agent that induces adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the stomach. Consequently, MNU-treated ApcMin/+ mice significantly enhanced the tumor development in comparison with ApcMin/+ mice or MNU-treated wild-type mice. Several gastric tumors in MNU-treated ApcMin/+ mice showed invasion into the submucosal layer. These results indicate that the Apc/β-catenin pathway may play an important role in at least subset of gastric carcinomas. In addition, ApcMin/+ mice combined with MNU could be a useful short-term model to investigate multistage carcinogenesis in the stomach. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4079–87]
Hope Is the Thing With Feathers
Authors: Larry D. Cripe
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A reverse complementary multimodal imaging system to visualize microRNA9-involved neurogenesis using peptide targeting transferrin receptor-conjugated magnetic fluorescence nanoparticles
Authors: Mi-hee Jo, Bahy A. Ali, Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, Chang Hyun Lee, Bongjune Kim, Seungjoo Haam, Yong-Min Huh, Hae Young Ko, Soonhag Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
When I use a word: Pelvis
Authors: E. Walker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Many medical, physiological, or anatomical terms have origins that we never even think of. Often they are no more than Latin translations of the ailment's appearance, as with erythema nodosum (red nodules) or pityriasis rosea (rosy coloured scurf), but sometimes the origins are far more arcane and interesting.

A fine example lies in the pelvic bones. Pelvis itself comes from the Latin for a basin shape. The acetabulum, the hollowing in the bony pelvis that forms the receptive portion of the hip articulation, is named after the small cup used to hold a popular dipping sauce at Roman dining tables. It was roughly four or five centimetres across and held vinegar (acetic acid).

Then we have the sacrum, the triangular bone at the base of the axial skeleton, with its four or sometimes five foramina (from the Latin forare, to bore a hole) allowing passage of the sacral nerves. That the word sacrum shares common sounds with sacred and sacrament is no accident. Sacrum is a shortened form of os sacrum, the Latin translation of the Greek hieron osteon, or sacred bone. In times gone by the sacrum was thought to be the seat of the soul.

The rest of the pelvis is sometimes called the innominate bone (one having no name, and sharing that dubious distinction with a large vein and a large artery further up the body) and consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Pubis, the bone at the lower front part of the pelvis, simply relates to the genitals, the groin, or pubic hair and shares its root with such words as puberty and pubescence.

Ilium was used in Roman times to describe such diverse concepts as the flank, the sides, and the entrails. The latter might be a confusion with ileum, the third portion of the small intestine. This short region of bowel may in turn have received its modern name erroneously, having been muddled with ileus, now denoting paralysis of the bowel. Ileus originally meant colic, from the Greek eilein meaning to roll.

Ischium has a less complicated background, coming simply from the Greek iskhion, for hip joint. But it does give us the seldom used word ischiatic, meaning pain coming from the hip area. We now shorten this to sciatica.
Hostile Personality Characteristics, Dysthymic States and Neurotic Symptoms in Urticaria, Psoriasis and Alopecia
Authors: G.C. Lyketsos, J. Stratigos, G. Tawil, M. Psaras, C.G. Lyketsos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Three experimental groups of patients with urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia were compared for hostile personality characteristics, states of anxiety and depression, neurotic syndromes and stress with a control group of patients with other skin diseases. The patients from each experimental group were found to be less dominant, more intropunitive, more extrapunitive and more neurotic than the control group. The following neurotic syndromes differentiated the experimental groups: non-specific anxiety states in urticaria patients; neurotic depression in the patients with alopecia, and a variety of neurotic syndromes in the psoriasis patients. All experimental groups scored significantly higher than the controls in stress experienced during the year preceding the onset or the exacerbation of the illness.
BETANAPHTHOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HOOKWORM DISEASE
Authors: C. N. LEACH
Journal: JAMA (1923)

During the last few years, considerable interest has been revived in the use of betanaphthol as an anthelmintic, particularly in the treatment of hookworm disease. With the work of Drs. Smillie and Mhaskar in mind, it was decided to carry out experiments along similar lines in the Bogambra Prison at Kandy, Ceylon. The inmates of this jail are all men, the census varying from 250 to 350 prisoners. This number is constantly varying on account of new admissions, dismissals on completion of prison term, and transfer to other prisons. They are admitted from all parts of the island. The ages vary from 19 to 75 years, and the term of confinement from one month to thirty years. The majority of the inmates are of the farming class, and their living conditions, on the estates and in their homes, have been such as to offer the optimal condition for infection with
Welcoming the Culyer report
Authors: K Peters, R Himsworth
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Interactions with Ag-specific T cells drive B cell activation and fate choices that ultimately determine the quality of high-affinity Ab responses. As such, these interactions, and especially the long-lived interactions that occur before germinal center formation, may be important checkpoints to regulate undesirable responses. Using mouse model Ag systems, we directly observed interactions between T and B cells responding to the self-antigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and found that they are of lower quality compared with interactions between cells responding to the model foreign Ag nitrophenyl-haptenated OVA. This was associated with reduced expression of molecules that facilitate these interactions on the B cells, but not on T cells. B cell expression of these molecules was not dictated by the T cell partner, nor could the relative lack of expression on MOG-specific (MOG-sp.) B cells be reversed by a multivalent Ag. Instead, MOG-sp. B cells were inherently less responsive to BCR stimulation than MOG-non-sp. cells. However, the phenotype of MOG-sp. B cells was not consistent with previous descriptions of autoimmune B cells that had been tolerized via regular exposure to systemically expressed self-antigen. This suggests that alternate anergy pathways may exist to limit B cell responses to tissue-restricted self-antigens.
Enhanced differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons of the mesencephalic dopaminergic subtype on topographical patterns
Authors: Kenneth K.B. Tan, Jason Y. Tann, Sharvari R. Sathe, Seok Hong Goh, Dongliang Ma, Eyleen L.K. Goh, Evelyn K.F. Yim
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Acute exposure of human skin to ultraviolet or infrared radiation or heat stimuli increases mast cell numbers and tryptase expression in human skin<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: M-S. Kim, Y.K. Kim, D.H. Lee, J.E. Seo, K.H. Cho, H.C. Eun, J.H. Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Mast cells are key effector cells in diverse immunological and pathological processes. It is still unclear why there are more mast cells at peripheral and sun-exposed skin sites than at sun-protected sites.To investigate changes in mast cell numbers associated with natural ageing and photoageing, and to observe the effects of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation and heat on the prevalence of mast cells and tryptase expression in human skin in vivo.Sun-exposed and sun-protected skin samples were taken from individuals in four different age groups. UV, IR or heat-treated buttock skin of young volunteers was also obtained. Mast cells were quantified by immunohistochemical staining of mast cell-specific tryptase and chymase. The expression of tryptase was determined by Western blotting.Both sun-exposed and sun-protected skin showed a gradual decrease in total mast cells (MC(Total)) number with ageing. The number of mast cells in sun-exposed skin was significantly higher than that in sun-protected skin. After UV irradiation (2 minimal erythema doses), MC(Total) and mast cells expressing tryptase and chymase were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h postirradiation. After IR irradiation (3 minimal heating doses) and heat treatment (43 degrees C for 90 min), MC(Total) reached peak induction at 8 and 48 h after stimulation, respectively. Tryptase expression was also clearly upregulated by UV, IR and heat.Our data demonstrate that mast cell numbers decreased with ageing in human skin. Also, mast cells may be activated and recruited by UV, IR and heat. These findings should further our understanding of the reason for the high prevalence of mast cells at peripheral sun-exposed skin sites.
Grand Rounds--University Hospital of Wales: Focal myositis mimicking acute psoas abscess
Authors: T M Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We describe an unusual presentation of severe focal muscle inflammation in a young woman in whom the clinical and radiological findings were suggestive of a psoas abscess. Eighteen months after the onset of her illness, systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed.

### Case history

A previously healthy 20 year old woman presented to her general practitioner with a two week history of severe pain in the lower back and thighs. Five weeks earlier she had developed neck pain followed by pain in her upper limbs, but these symptoms had resolved. She was treated initially for one week with erythromycin, failed to improve, and was then given aspirin. The development of abdominal pain, vomiting, and a swollen right knee prompted urgent referral to the rheumatology department. Her only other treatment was the contraceptive pill. She had been on holiday in Spain three months previously.

On examination she was pale, had a fever (38°C), and was systemically unwell. There was a pronounced lumbar lordosis, and both hips were flexed, any attempt at extension causing excruciating pain. There was tenderness and swelling of both thighs with an area of erythema overlying the tender muscles of the right thigh extending from the groin to the knee joint. A moderately sized effusion was present in the right knee. Sepsis was suspected clinically, and empirical treatment with flucloxacillin 1 g four times a day and cefuroxime 1.5 g three times a day was started.

Haemoglobin concentration was 96 g/l (normochromic normocytic pattern), white cell count 11.3x109/l, platelet count 467x109/l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 58 mm in the first hour, aspartate aminotransferase 223 IU/l (normal 5-45 IU/l), and creatine kinase 946 IU/l (0-170 IU/l). Midstream urine specimens and four blood cultures were sterile. Synovial fluid from the right knee was clear with …
Abstract 1033: Transcriptional factor ZBP-89 interacts with DNMT1 and HDAC3 to regulate Bak expression
Authors: Ye Caiguo, Chen Gong George, Lai Paul
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide with a very high mortality. Because the success of the conventional therapies is limited, epigenetic therapy may represent an alternative for HCC management. The present study was designed to investigate whether DNA methyltransferases and histone acetylases were involved in regulation of ZBP-89-induced Bak expression. After adenovirus Ad-ZBP-89 transfection, bisulfate modificated DNA sequencing, immunofluorence staining, siRNA interference, western blotting, and enzymatic activity assays were used to analyze DNA methylation, histone modifications and the enzyme activity in human HCC cell. Based on our previous report that ZBP-89 up-regulated Bak expression, the current study revealed that ZBP-89 regulated Bak expression through interacting with HDAC3 and DNMT1. ZBP-89 could also demethylate the CpG island in Bak promoter to facilitate Bak expression and apoptosis. Additionally, ZBP-89 contributed to maintain histone H3 and H4 acetylation by inhibiting HDACs activity. ZBP-89 was found to suppress DNMT1 activity and HDAC3 activity. Conclusively, our study demonstrates a novel mechanism how the transcription factor ZBP-89 mediates epigenetic modification to promote Bak expression. The new pathway discovered may help to develop certain epigenetic therapy against HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1033. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1033
Humoral Antibodies in Renal Allotransplantation in Man
Authors: M. Jeannet, V. W. Pinn, M. H. Flax, H. J. Winn, P. S. Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Humoral antibodies specific for histocompatibility antigens were detected in the majority of renal-allograft recipients tested. In all 10 patients in whom antibody reactive with donor antigens was present at the time of transplantation, very early acute rejection episodes resulted in total or widespread destruction of the transplanted kidneys. Twelve of 16 patients who formed antibodies in response to their grafts had poor clinical courses leading to rejection or poor renal function, whereas only two of 12 in whom responses to the grafts were not detected had unfavorable outcomes. A very high correlation was found between the occurrence of antibodies reactive with graft antigens and histologic evidence of vascular lesions, particularly those of an obliterative nature.
BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN GIVEN BY VEIN UTILIZED IN BODY METABOLISM
Authors: Russell L. Holman, Earle B. Mahoney, George H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Large amounts of normal blood plasma can be given intravenously to normal dogs over several weeks without causing any significant escape by way of the urine. There appears to be no renal threshold for plasma protein even with high plasma protein concentration (9.7 per cent). Dogs receiving sugar by mouth and plasma by vein can be kept practically in nitrogen equilibrium and it would seem that the injected protein must be utilized by the body. If this can happen in this emergency we may suspect that normally there is a certain amount of "give and take" between body protein and plasma protein. Plasma protein fed by mouth under identical conditions shows the same general reaction as noted with plasma by vein but the urinary nitrogen is a little higher and suggests that the injected protein is utilized a little more completely to form new protein. The difference may be explained as due to deaminization in the case of protein by mouth. During fasting periods the blood plasma proteins are used up and the total circulating protein may even decrease to one-half the normal level. The plasma protein concentration changes but little and the significant change is a shrinkage of plasma volume. All these facts point to a dynamic equilibrium between tissue protein and plasma protein depending upon the physiological needs of the moment. In the absence of food protein the body can use material coming from one body protein to fabricate badly needed protein material of different character.
Psychic side effects of a chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen mixture; a case report
Authors: P. C. Liederman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A mixture of chlorzoxazone, 250 mg, and acetaminophen, 300 mg (Parafon Forte) was administered in tablet form to a 21-year-old man. The patient had received no previous medication and had no history of food or drug allergies. Following ingestion of the tablets, the patient experienced headaches, spatial disorientation, a dream-like state, nausea, vomiting, peripheral paresthesias, and amnesia. Several of these symptoms have not been previously reported as side effects of this medication. The side effect symptoms appeared to be directly related to the ingestion of the mixture; all symptoms cleared 24 hours after the medication was discontinued.