tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of the pharmacological profile of Tilarin
Authors: ROBERT J. DAVIES
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Davies R. J. Clinical implications of the pharmacological profile of Tilarin. The pharmacological activity of nedocromil sodium is extensive and the compound should dect a variety of inflammatory processes by preventing activation of the involved cells or blocking release of their mediators. Some in vim actions of nedocromil sodium are particularly relevant to the mechanisms of allergic rhinitis, and the response of the nasal epithelium to pollutants such as ozone. The effects of nedocromil sodium on mucosal mast cells, eosinophils, sensory nerves and nasal epithelial cells can each be linked to its potential clinical effectiveness by our own biopsy studies from patients with active allergic rhinitis. Nedocromil sodium has been shown to modulate production of a number of powerful cytokines, such as GM-CSF and TNFa, which are produced by the human nasal epithelium, as well as by involved inflammatory cells and lymphocytes, and which orchestrate the inflammatory response to allergen or to pollutant provocation. So, in addition to inhibiting activated mast cells and eosinophils, nedocromil sodium acts on the nasal epithelium itself to prevent further accumulation of these cells and thus to break the inflammatory chain of events. On this evidence of its preclinical activity. nedocromil sodium promises to become a very useful topical treatment for allergic rhinitis.
Tobacco related harm in South Asia
Authors: Diyanath Samarasinghe, Colvin Goonaratna
Journal: BMJ (2004)

High mortality but some promising initiatives 

To deal with tobacco we must defy a tenet that an influential section of modern society holds dear—that unfettered commerce will deliver us all from want and suffering. South Asia suffers harm from tobacco on a scale that demands a vigorous response. And it provides examples of how to deal creatively with the problem.

Worldwide about 4 million people die annually from tobacco related causes, and by the late 2020s the estimated toll will be about 10 million.1 South Asia, with about a quarter of the world's population, contributes substantially to these figures. Tobacco is used in numerous forms in South Asia.2–4 The commonest smoked product is the bidi , which has to be puffed harder to keep it alight, making it an enhanced damage delivery device.3 Cigarette consumption is high in some countries, with average annual use of 1440 cigarettes for every inhabitant in the Maldives, 620 in …
Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin Scans for Detection of Tubercular Bone Infection
Authors: Rajnish Sharma, K N. Tewari, Anuj Bhatnagar, Anupam Mondal, Anil K. Mishra, Ajay K. Singh, M K. Chopra, Harish Rawat, Ravi Kashyap, R P. Tripathi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m ciprofloxacin scans were performed in 14 patients with suspected tubercular bone disease and in 2 cases of nontubercular bone infection. In 5 patients the findings were true negative. There were no false positives and 1 was false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were found to be 93, 71, and 87.5%, respectively, for detection of bone tubercular lesions. However, the test does not distinguish TB osteomyelitis from other types of osteomyelitis. Delayed 24 hour scans were found useful to differentiate between inflammatory and infective lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Tc-99m ciprofloxacin scan as a means to detect tubercular bone disease.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Guillermo Garcia‐Manero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Disease Overview: The myelodysplastic (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older male and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry or molecular genetics is complementary but not diagnostic. Risk‐stratification : Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is the International Prognostic Scoring System. IPSS is likely to be replaced by a new revised score (IPSS‐R) and by the incorporation of new molecular markers recently described. Risk‐adapted therapy: Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts, and, more recently, cytogenetic profile. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5‐azacitidine and decitabine have activity in higher risk MDS. 5‐azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation. Management of progressive or refractory disease: At the present time there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include cytarabine based therapy, transplantation and participation on a clinical trial. Am. J. Hematol. 87:692–701, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased cord blood IL-4, IL-13, and CCR4 and increased TGF-β levels after fish oil supplementation of pregnant women
Authors: Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Dominik Hartl, Peter Rzehak, Joachim Heinrich, Rania Shadid, María del Carmen Ramírez-Tortosa, Cristina Campoy, Susana Pardillo, Dolores J. Schendel, Tamás Decsi, Hans Demmelmair, Berthold V. Koletzko
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
TORSION OF GREAT OMENTUM
Authors: Evon L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1931)

F. L. B., a farmer, aged 38, American, single, 5 feet 6 inches (167.6 cm.) tall, weighing 135 pounds (61 Kg.), entered St. Clare Hospital, June 1, 1930, complaining of cramplike pain in the abdomen beginning the day before. His health had always been good. He had measles at the age of 10, and in 1913 fractured the right tibia. This was repaired with a silver plate, which was still in place. He never drank, he smoked moderately, he had always lived in Montana and he never had gonorrhea or syphilis. The day before admission he arose "feeling fine," had breakfast, finished milking, and went to the granary for a sack of chicken feed weighing 100 pounds. He had the sack on his right shoulder, when a cramp began in his abdomen causing him to sit down. This pain settled gradually to his right side, continuing all next day. It
Is primary angioplasty better than thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction? An insight from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)
Authors: Rajendra H. Menta, Kim A. Eagle, Eva Kline-Rogers, Robert J. Goldberg, Joel M. Gore, Alvaro Avezum, Keith A. Fox, Frederick Spencer, Jeanna Johnson, Immad Sadiq
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
"Ischemia" During Angina Pectoris
Authors: Emanuel J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The opinion that angina pectoris is not related to the ischemia of the heart, but, on the contrary, to vasodilation of the coronary arteries, which is associated with a greater increase of myocardial demands than is met by this increase of blood supply, is based on pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutical data. <h3>Pathophysiology.—</h3> The coronary arteries, as we know, are under the control of autonomic nervous system, the parasympathetic being vasoconstrictive to the coronary vessels and the sympathetic being vasodilatative. The vasoconstriction of these vessels of parasympathetic origin cannot result in angina because this vasoconstriction is associated with a decrease of myocardial needs (anabolic action) and therefore it does not result in coronary insufficiency which is the cause of angina. On the contrary, the vasodilation of the coronary arteries of sympathetic origin which is insufficient to cover the increase of myocardial demands (catabolic action) can be the cause
Inquiry is launched into deaths at Gosport hospital where use of opiates was "almost routine"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK government has announced a formal independent inquiry into deaths from 1988 to 2000 at a hospital caring for elderly patients in Hampshire. The inquiry into the deaths at Gosport War Memorial Hospital will be chaired by James Jones, the former bishop of Liverpool, and is expected to take two years.

The announcement by the care and support minister Norman Lamb follows the publication last year of a review into the deaths, which concluded that the “almost routine use of opiates” had “almost certainly” shortened the lives of some patients. The publication of that review, led by Richard …
Use of urokinase-coated hydrogel balloons for primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nawwar Mercho, Kristin Lynch, Babar Shareef, James J. Glazier, Syed A. Abbas, Hans H. Bauer, Jeffrey A. Hirst, Francis J. Kieman, Daniel B. Fram, Joseph F. Mitchel, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Photodynamic therapy vs. topical imiquimod for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a subgroup analysis within a noninferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: M.H. Roozeboom, P.J. Nelemans, K. Mosterd, P.M. Steijlen, A.H.M.M. Arits, N.W.J. Kelleners-Smeets
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Photodynamic therapy vs. topical imiquimod for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a subgroup analysis within a noninferiority randomized controlled trial Get access M.H. Roozeboom, M.H. Roozeboom Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Centre P. Debyelaan 25 P.O. Box 5800 6202 AZ Maastricht The NetherlandsGROW Research Institute for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Correspondence Marieke H. Roozeboom. E‐mail: mh.roozeboom@mumc.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J. Nelemans, P.J. Nelemans Department of Epidemiology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Mosterd, K. Mosterd Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Centre P. Debyelaan 25 P.O. Box 5800 6202 AZ Maastricht The NetherlandsGROW Research Institute for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Steijlen, P.M. Steijlen Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Centre P. Debyelaan 25 P.O. Box 5800 6202 AZ Maastricht The NetherlandsGROW Research Institute for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.H.M.M. Arits, A.H.M.M. Arits Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Centre P. Debyelaan 25 P.O. Box 5800 6202 AZ Maastricht The NetherlandsGROW Research Institute for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.W.J. Kelleners‐Smeets N.W.J. Kelleners‐Smeets Department of Dermatology Maastricht University Medical Centre P. Debyelaan 25 P.O. Box 5800 6202 AZ Maastricht The NetherlandsGROW Research Institute for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 3, 1 March 2015, Pages 739–745, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13299 Published: 01 March 2015
Mouse phospholamban gene expression during development in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: J R Ganim, W Luo, S Ponniah, I Grupp, H W Kim, D G Ferguson, V Kadambi, J C Neumann, T Doetschman, E G Kranias
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To establish a murine model that may allow for definition of the precise role of phospholamban in myocardial contractility through selective perturbations in the phospholamban gene, we initiated studies on the role of phospholamban in the murine heart. Intact beating hearts were perfused in the absence or presence of isoproterenol, and quantitative measurements of cardiac performance were obtained. Isoproterenol stimulation was associated with increases in the affinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump for Ca2+ that were due to phospholamban phosphorylation. To assess the regulation of phospholamban gene expression during murine development, Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used. Phospholamban mRNA was first detected in murine embryos on the ninth day of development (the time when the cardiac tube begins to contract). In murine embryoid bodies, which have been shown to recapitulate several aspects of cardiogenesis, phospholamban mRNA was detected on the seventh day (the time when spontaneous contractions are first observed). Only those embryoid bodies that exhibited contractions expressed phospholamban transcripts, and these were accompanied by expression of the protein, as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding phospholamban in embryoid bodies indicated complete homology to that in adult hearts. The deduced amino acid sequence of murine phospholamban was identical to rabbit cardiac phospholamban but different from dog cardiac and human cardiac phospholamban by one amino acid. These data suggest that phospholamban, the regulator of the Ca(2+)-ATPase in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, is present very early in murine cardiogenesis in utero and in vitro, and this may constitute an important determinant for proper development of myocardial contractility.
COLLABORATORS IN THE STANDARDIZATION OF BIOLOGIC STAINS
Authors: H. J. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —From time to time, reports from the Committee on Standardization of Biological Stains have appeared, dealing with the investigations in progress. Many congratulations have been received by the chairman of the committee on the results accomplished; but as these accomplishments would have been impossible had it not been for the very hearty collaboration of a long list of investigators, credit for the work should be given to whom it belongs, by publishing the following list of committee members and collaborators. The committee members are: F. W. Mallory, Boston City Hospital, Boston; F. G. Novy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; S. I. Kornhauser, University of Kentucky, Louisville, Ky., in charge of the work for the American Society of Zoologists; L. W. Sharp, College of Agriculture, Ithaca, N.Y., in charge of the work for the Botanical Society. [The list of collaborators—eighty-five names—is too long to reproduce.—Ed.] The
The mitochondrial control region of Cervidae: evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic content
Authors: E. Douzery, E. Randi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The mitochondrial control region (CR) sequence, also known as the D-loop, has been determined for six Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia): the red and fallow deers (subfamily Cervinae), the brocket deer and two roe deers (subfamily Odocoileinae), and the Chinese water deer (Hydropotinae). These new sequences have been aligned with available cervid and bovid orthologues. Comparative analyses indicate that the 5'-peripheral domain exhibits a 75-bp length polymorphism near sequences associated with the termination of the H-strand replication. The New World Odocoileinae possess the longest cervid CR due to the presence of an additional 47-bp tandem repeat, located in the 3'-peripheral domain, downstream of the initiation site for H-strand replication (OH) and the first conserved sequence block (CSB-1). This insertion represents a duplication spanning the OH to CSB-1 region and constitutes an exclusive synapomorphy for New World Odocoileinae. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete CR support the paraphyly of antlered deers due to the nesting of the antlerless Hydropotes within Odocoileinae. Capreolus is the closest relative of Hydropotes, and the divergence of this Old World Odocoileinae clade may have occurred between 8.7 and 10.4 MYA. The conserved central domain of CR can be aligned across ungulates and indicates the Pecora monophyly, their close association with cetaceans, and the earlier emergence of suiformes.
Website of the week: Virtual universities
Authors: H. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A book review in this week's BMJ (p 579) looks at the concept of online learning. It may be a while before e-learning totally supersedes our existing medical education, but the internet looks set radically to change the way in which we learn medicine. Earlier this week, the Cyber Medical College, an online virtual healthcare education portal, was launched at the British Association Festival of Science in Glasgow (www.cybermedicalcollege.com). The website aims to provide access to postgraduate training and continuing professional development for doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers.

As yet there are no colleges claiming to offer e-medical degrees, but one Brazilian site, VUniversity (http://sansao19.virtualave.net), aims to provide net users with online classes in all academic subjects, including medicine.

Elsewhere on the web there are a huge number of virtual universities offering courses in a variety of subjects. http://vu.org, based in California, claims to be the world's largest, with over 500 000 students and alumni in 128 countries. The African Virtual University (www.avu.org), “a university without walls,” aims to provide countries in subsaharan Africa with access to high quality academic resources. Europe's first virtual university (http://cvu.strath.ac.uk) draws on the strengths of five academic institutes in Scotland. There is also a Tamil virtual university (www.tamilvu.org) bringing net based learning material regarding Tamil culture to the online community.

A great deal of literature has been published about e-learning and virtual universities. Virtual University Gazette (www.geteducated.com/vugaz.htm) is a monthly newsletter covering all aspects of the internet university movement. Virtual University Journal (www.irdc.com/virtual-university-press/vuj/welcome.htm) also publishes papers relating to the field of distance learning.
Indicated Prevention of Adult Obesity
Authors: Andrea B. Goldschmidt, Denise E. Wilfley, Rocco A. Paluch, James N. Roemmich, Leonard H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To investigate the notion of indicated prevention-helping overweight or obese youth attain non-overweight status to prevent adult obesity-by examining weight-for-height changes needed to normalize weight status in youth who are growing.We determined the amount of weight-for-height change necessary for overweight or obese youth to achieve non-overweight status using linear mixed modeling of longitudinal growth patterns and using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight thresholds corresponding to the age- and sex-adjusted body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) below the 85th percentile. Mean weight changes among children who achieved nonoverweight status at 1 and 2 years after treatment were calculated.Weight control programs at 3 research institutions.A total of 669 overweight or obese children aged 8 to 13 years.Family-based behavioral weight control treatment.Weight.Relatively small weight changes (range, -7.55 to +3.90 kg) were necessary for children to achieve nonoverweight status after 1 year; this was most pronounced among younger children (range, -2.90 to +3.36 kg for children aged 8-10 years) and children closer to the 85th BMI percentile (range, +2.44 to +3.90 kg for children at the 90th BMI percentile). Observed weight changes of children who achieved nonoverweight status following treatment were similar to estimates based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative data.Attaining nonoverweight status in childhood is possible with modest weight loss or, in some circumstances, by slowing weight gain, and may help prevent adult obesity. Future research should investigate how much intervention is needed to shift the growth trajectory to nonoverweight status and how much weight-for-height change is needed to improve other health outcomes in adulthood.
Uses and Misuses of Adrenal Corticosteroids
Authors: Max Michael
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A VOLUMINOUS LITERATURE attests to the widespread, albeit often injudicious, use of the adrenal corticosteroids since their introduction a decade and a half ago. The entities for which they have been given comprise the entire gamut of syndromes, diseases, and general alterations of body structure and function. Uncritical enthusiasm generally accorded new types of drugs, failure to use appropriate controls in clinical studies, and sweeping conclusions often based on erroneous clinical impressions have resulted in much confusion as to the rightful place of the corticoids in our armamentarium. In addition, many of the uses have been purely empirical, and even at this time one cannot be dogmatic concerning the absolute indications for administration of these agents in most situations. The much needed control studies which continue to appear are slowly helping us to focus on the true indications, techniques of administration, and dosages of adrenal steroid therapy. It is not