tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Morality of Transplantation
Authors: Gregory Tetrault
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —Cohen and Benjamin 1 argue that since the medical profession does not generally offer less care to patients with moral failings or undesirable behavior, we should not assign alcoholics a lower priority for liver transplantation. This argument is faulty. The medical profession often allocates resources based on a patient's behavior and sometimes based on a patient's moral worth. It is highly unlikely that a current smoker who has severe, irreversible heart and lung disease would be eligible for a heart-lung transplant. When allocating scarce medical resources, a person's potential value to society is often considered. If two patients are undergoing chronic renal dialysis and one donor kidney becomes available, a teenager would get priority over a septuagenarian, and an engineer would get priority over a convicted felon.  Cohen and Benjamin also argue that even if alcoholism is a moral failing, we are not justified in discriminating against
Adrenergic Receptor Blockade Reverses Right Heart Remodeling and Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Harm J. Bogaard, Ramesh Natarajan, Shiro Mizuno, Antonio Abbate, Philip J. Chang, Vinh Q. Chau, Nicholas N. Hoke, Donatas Kraskauskas, Michael Kasper, Fadi N. Salloum, Norbert F. Voelkel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Most patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) die from right heart failure. β-Adrenergic receptor blockade reduces mortality by about 30% in patients with left-sided systolic heart failure, but is not used in PAH.Objectives: To assess the effect of the adrenergic receptor blocker carvedilol on the pulmonary circulation and right heart in experimental pulmonary hypertension in rats.Methods: Angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats by combined exposure to the vascular endothelial growth factor–receptor antagonist SU5416 and hypoxia. Carvedilol treatment was started after establishment of pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction.Measurements and Main Results: Compared with vehicle-treated animals, treatment with carvedilol resulted in increased exercise endurance; improved right ventricular (RV) function (increased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and decreased RV dilatation); and an increased cardiac output. The morphology of the pulmonary vessels and the RV afterload were not affected by carvedilol. Carvedilol treatment was associated with enhancement of RV fetal gene reactivation, increased protein kinase G (PKG) activity, and a reduction in capillary rarefaction and fibrosis. Metoprolol had similar but less pronounced effects in the SU5416 and hypoxia model. Cardioprotective effects were noted of both carvedilol and metoprolol in the monocrotaline model. In the case of carvedilol, but not metoprolol, part of these effects resulted from a prevention of monocrotaline-induced lung remodeling.Conclusions: Adrenergic receptor blockade reverses RV remodeling and improves RV function in experimental pulmonary hypertension. β-Adrenergic receptor blockers are not recommended in humans with PAH before their safety and efficacy are assessed in well-designed clinical trials.
SODIUM PERBORATE FOR VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: Henri Letord
Journal: JAMA (1927)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In his article on oral lesions due to Vincent's angina (The Journal, April 9, p. 1142), Dr. Joseph C. Bloodgood calls attention to the specific action of sodium perborate. The statement is made that  trench warfare in France, in 1914,... a specific therapeutic agent had not been discovered. Unfortunately, there is a lack of liaison between dental and medical publications; hence I am calling your attention to the original publication.In a paper read before the El Paso County (Texas) Medical Society in January, 1913, I reported the discovery of the specific action of sodium perborate in the treatment of Vincent's angina. This paper was published in the Bulletin of the El Paso County Medical Society in October, 1913 (5:9-14), and in the same month in the Western Dental Journal (27:13-18) and republished in the Dental Digest (20:478-482, 1914). On page 555 of
Frequency and Temporal Profile of Poststroke Hyperglycemia Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Louise Allport, Tracy Baird, Ken Butcher, Lachlan MacGregor, Jane Prosser, Peter Colman, Stephen Davis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Poststroke hyperglycemia (PSH) is common and has adverse effects on outcome. In this observational study, we aimed to describe the frequency and temporal profile of PSH using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients with and without diabetes.Fifty-nine patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke were prospectively studied with the CGMS, regardless of medication, admission plasma glucose value, and diabetes status. The CGMS records interstitial glucose every 5 min for 72 h.On admission, 36% of patients had preexisting diabetes. At the earliest analyzed time point of 8 h from stroke onset, 50% of nondiabetic subjects and 100% of diabetic patients were hyperglycemic (> or =7 mmol/l). This early-phase hyperglycemia was followed by a decrease in glucose 14-16 h poststroke when only 11% of nondiabetic and 27% of diabetic patients were hyperglycemic. A late hyperglycemic phase 48-88 h poststroke was observed in 27% of nondiabetic and 78% of diabetic patients. Thirty-four percent of nondiabetic and 86% of diabetic patients were hyperglycemic for at least a quarter of the monitoring period. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes, insular cortical ischemia, and increasing age independently predicted higher glucose values.Poststroke hyperglycemia is common and prolonged despite treatment based on current guidelines. There are early and late hyperglycemic phases in nondiabetic as well as diabetic patients. Treatment protocols with frequent glucose measurement and intensive glucose-lowering therapy for a minimum of 72 h poststroke need to be evaluated.
Nanofibrous gelatin substrates for long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Li Liu, Momoko Yoshioka, Minako Nakajima, Arata Ogasawara, Jun Liu, Kouichi Hasegawa, Sisi Li, Jianli Zou, Norio Nakatsuji, Ken-ichiro Kamei, Yong Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Alterations of nuclear size profiles in AKR/J mice with spontaneous or transplanted leukemia
Authors: G. N. Schwartz, K. D. Patrene, S. S. Boggs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Electronic sizing with a Coulter Counter was used to measure the frequency and number of cells with a large nuclear volume in tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous, long passaged, or first passage leukemia. The mean percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume was 1% in the blood, 4% in the spleen, 10% in the bone marrow, and 5% in the thymus of nonleukemic AKR/J mice. The percentage of cells with a large nucleus increased to 14–83% in all four tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous leukemia. In mice with a long passaged leukemia, a progressive increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus in the spleen and blood was associated with an increase in the number of cells/tissue with a large nucleus. However, in the bone marrow, an increase in percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume appeared to be the result of a decrease in the number of cells/humerus with a small nuclear volume. In the thymus, there was only a slight increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. In mice with a first passage leukemia, there was a progressive increase, until death of the animals (21 ± 1.9 days), in thymus weight and in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. Also, the number of cells with a large nucleus increased in the spleen and bone marrow until day 12. Thereafter, there was a decrease in the total number of cells and number of cells with a large nucleus.
1079-87 Predictors of 10-year patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from a department of veterans affairs cooperative study
Authors: Steven Goldman, Karen Zadina, Thomas Moritz, Theron Ovitt, Gulshan Sethi, Jack G Copeland, Lizy Thottapurathu, Barbara Krasnicka, Nancy Ellis, Robert Anderson, William Henderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Regulation of intrarenal and circulating renin-angiotensin systems in severe heart failure in the rat
Authors: H. Schunkert, S.-S. Tang, S. E Litwin, D. Diamant, G. Riegger, V. J Dzau, J. R Ingelfinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system may contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure by accelerating the generation of angiotensin II at local sites within the kidneys. Activation of the local intrarenal renin-angiotensin system occurs in rats and with mild heart failure. The aim of the present study was to examine components of the circulating as well as the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in rats with severe heart failure. Methods: Six weeks after experimental myocardial infarction (heart failure, HF; n=8) or sham operation (control, C; n=6), haemodynamics and the circulating and intrarenal components of the renin-angiotensin system were studied. Results: HF rats were characterised by large infarctions (scar tissue >40% of the left ventricular circumference). In comparison to sham operated controls, large myocardial infarctions resulted in severe heart failure with decreased systolic [108(SEM 3) mm Hg v 132(3) in C; p < 0.001] and diastolic arterial blood pressure [83(3) mm Hg v 95(2) in C; p < 0.05], decreased left ventricular systolic pressure [109(3) mm Hg v 132(3) in C; p < 0. 005] and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure [27(2) mm Hg v5(1) in C; p < 0.0001]. In rats with severe heart failure, the circulating renin-angiotensin system was activated, with an increase in plasma renin activity (3.5-fold, p < 0.05) and plasma angiotensin II concentration (threefold, p < 0.01). In parallel, the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system was activated in severe heart failure. Increases occurred in renal renin mRNA level (1.7-fold, p < 0.01), renal angiotensinogen mRNA level (1.8-fold, p < 0.05), and renal angiotensin II concentration (twofold, p < 0.05) compared to C. Intrarenal angiotensin II concentrations exceeded plasma levels by a factor of 50 and were positively correlated with renal angiotensinogen mRNA levels (r=0.874, p < 0.001), suggesting that local synthesis is the major source of angiotensin II found in the kidney. Conclusions: The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system may be selectively activated in mild heart failure, while both circulating and intrarenal renin-angiotensin systems are induced as the extent of left ventricular function worsens.
UK nurses awarded large pay rise
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nurses and midwives in the NHS have received the largest pay rise in 10 years in an attempt to reverse the staffing crisis.

Earlier this week the government agreed to implement in full the recommendations of the nurses' pay review body. The average increase for nurses, midwives, and health visitors will be 4.7%which is above the level of inflation. Newly qualified nurses will receive a 12%increase-to give them an …
Booked inpatient admissions and hospital capacity: mathematical modelling study
Authors: S. Gallivan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the variability of patients9 length of stay in intensive care after cardiac surgery. To investigate potential interactions between such variability, booked admissions, and capacity requirements. <b>Design:</b> Mathematical modelling study using routinely collected data. <b>Setting:</b> A cardiac surgery department. <b>Source of data:</b> Hospital records of 7014 people entering intensive care after cardiac surgery. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Length of stay in intensive care; capacity requirements of an intensive care unit for a hypothetical booked admission system. <b>Results:</b> Although the vast majority of patients (89.5%) had a length of stay in intensive care of ≤48 hours, there was considerable overall variability and the distribution of stays has a lengthy tail. A mathematical model of the operation of a hypothetical booking system indicates that such variability has a considerable impact on intensive care capacity requirements, indicating that a high degree of reserve capacity is required to avoid high rates of operation cancellation because of unavailability of suitable postoperative care. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite the considerable enthusiasm for booked admissions systems, queuing theory suggests that caution is required when considering such systems for inpatient admissions. Such systems may well result in frequent operational difficulties if there is a high degree of variability in length of stay and where reserve capacity is limited. Both of these are common in the NHS. <h3>What is already known in this topic</h3> Booking systems for hospital admissions have considerable potential benefits for patients in terms of peace of mind and planning their lives, but these benefits are dependent on having a low cancellation rate <h3>What this study adds</h3> Variability in length of stay can have a major impact on hospital operation and capacity requirements. Operational research techniques can be used to explore this impact If variability in length of stay is substantial, as is common, then booked admission systems may require considerable reserve capacity if cancellation rates are to be kept low
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSESSMENTS OF CARDIAC PERFORMANCE REVEAL A GENE-SPECIFIC INCREASE IN ENERGETIC COST OF CONTRACTION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY DUE TO THICK FILAMENT MUTATIONS
Authors: Ahmet Guclu, Rosalie Witjas-Paalberends, Tjeerd Germans, Paul Knaapen, Hendrik Harms, Alexa Vermeer, Imke Christiaans, Arthur Wilde, Cris dos Remedios, Adriaan Lammertsma, Albert van Rossum, Ger Stienen, Marjon van Slegtenhorst, Arend Schinkel, Michelle Michels, Carolyn Ho, Corrado Poggesi, Jolanda Van Der Velden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pregnancy and Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Thomas D. Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> When Sober,<sup>1</sup>in his editorial entitled "The Changing Mole," summarizes the article by Foucar et al<sup>2</sup>by stating "nevi in pregnant women do not appear to have premalignant or malignant changes developing with any great frequency," he ignores the exclusion of a significant group from the study. No patients in the study had dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS). Ellis et al<sup>3</sup>have demonstrated melanomas from patients with DNS to be markedly positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. It is possible that the concern about pregnancy that has arisen because of anecdotal observations reflects the special problems and changes of nevi in pregnant women with DNS. I have one patient with DNS who during her pregnancy developed an explosive increase in number of nevi, changes in her nevi, and seven melanomas. My own terrifying anecdotal experience has given me a special concern for potential malignant changes during
An Adult Case of Type Ib Glycogen-Storage Disease
Authors: Takeshi Kuzuya, Ayako Matsuda, Sho Yoshida, Kuniaki Narisawa, Keiya Tada, Takuma Saito, Masaya Matsushita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Type I glycogen-storage disease (von Gierke's disease) is due to a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase.1 In a variant form of this disease, Type Ib, the clinical features are indistinguishable from those of typical glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, but glucose-6-phosphatase activity is almost normal in biopsy specimens of the liver.2 3 4 5 6 Recent evidence suggests that the fundamental defect in Type Ib glycogen-storage disease is a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate transport system at the membrane of the endoplasmie reticulum.7 8 9 10 We describe an adult case of Type Ib glycogen-storage disease in which a defect in this transport system was suggested by enzymatie studies, and histochemical studies revealed . . .
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Survival in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Authors: Evan Wood
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is often withheld from injection drug users (IDUs) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on the belief that their unstable lifestyles may predetermine a markedly inferior outcome with HAART. However, long-term evaluations of HIV treatment outcomes among IDUs in comparison with other risk groups are not available.To compare survival rates among HIV-infected patients initiating HAART with and without a history of injection drug use.Population-based, prospective cohort study (HAART Observational Medical Evaluation and Research [HOMER]) of 3116 antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients in a province-wide HIV/AIDS treatment program in British Columbia, Canada. Of the 3116 patients, 915 were IDUs (29.4%), 579 were female (18.6%), and the median age was 39.4 years (interquartile range, 33.3-46.4 years). Treatment with HAART was initiated between August 1, 1996, and June 30, 2006. The median duration of follow-up was 5.3 years (interquartile range, 2.8-8.3 years) for IDUs and 4.3 years (interquartile range, 2.0-7.6 years) for non-IDUs. Patients were followed up until June 30, 2007. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2007, and May 26, 2008.All-cause mortality.Overall, 622 individuals died (20.0%) during the study period (232 IDUs and 390 non-IDUs), for a crude mortality rate of 20.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.4%-21.5%). At 84 months after the initiation of HAART, the product limit estimate of the cumulative all-cause mortality rate was similar between the 915 IDUs (26.5%; 95% CI, 23.2%-29.8%) and 2201 non-IDUs (21.6%; 95% CI, 16.9%-26.2%) (Wilcoxon P = .47). In multivariate time-updated Cox regression, the hazard ratio of mortality was similar between IDUs and non-IDUs (1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.29).In this study population, injection drug use was not associated with decreased survival among HIV-infected patients initiating HAART.
204 PLASMA EXCHANGE IMPROVED THE SURVIVAL OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE AND SEVERE CHRONIC HEPATITIS IN CHINESE PATIENTS: A CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF 984 CASES
Authors: W. Guo, F. Xiao, M.Y. Xing, Y. Zhou, H. Nie, Z.L. Li, J.X. Song, J.Q. Huang, D.F. Yang, Y.C. Huang, X.P. Zhao, D.Y. Tian, J.Y. Qi, Q. Ning
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?
Authors: John W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—   article entitled Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit? by Anda and others 1 in the April 10, 1987, issue of JAMA calls our attention to a widespread problem.  My only question is about the validity of the raw data and is based on my personal experience with thousands of smokers who have arterial disease. I often ask them if they have ever been advised to quit smoking. Almost universally the answer is no. Sometimes a patient will say, The doctor suggested that I cut down. Often after one of these interviews, the patient's spouse will take me aside and say, He has been told that he has to quit smoking over and over again, but he just won't do it.  Like other addicts, smokers do not hear what their physicians say. I agree that physicians need to increase their efforts in counseling smokers, but I suspect that
Long-term Safety and Antitumor Activity in the Phase 1–2 Study of Enzalutamide in Pre- and Post-docetaxel Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Celestia S. Higano, Tomasz M. Beer, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Eleni Efstathiou, Mohammad Hirmand, David Forer, Howard I. Scher
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Increase in older women presenting as unexplained subfertility may explain overuse of in vitro fertilisation
Authors: S. K. Sunkara, S. Seshadri
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Neural crest (NC)-derived mesenchyme has previously been shown to play an important role in the development of fetal thymus. Using <i>Wnt1-Cre</i> and <i>Sox10-Cre</i> mice crossed to <i>Rosa26</i><sup><i>eYfp</i></sup> reporter mice, we have revealed NC-derived mesenchymal cells in the adult murine thymus. We report that NC-derived cells infiltrate the thymus before day 13.5 of embryonic development (E13.5) and differentiate into cells with characteristics of smooth muscle cells associated with large vessels, and pericytes associated with capillaries. In the adult organ at 3 mo of age, these NC-derived perivascular cells continue to be associated with the vasculature, providing structural support to the blood vessels and possibly regulating endothelial cell function.
A Randomized Phase II Trial Using Two Different Treatment Schedules of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Patients with Advanced Non???Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gregory A. Masters, Athanassios E. Argiris, Elizabeth A. Hahn, J Thaddeus Beck, P Gregory Rausch, Zhishen Ye, Matthew J. Monberg, Leslie P. Bloss, Rafael E. Curiel, Coleman K. Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Abstract 5513: Synergistic antitumor activity of NK012, a micelle-forming macromolecular prodrug of SN-38, combined with platinum compounds in human cancer xenograft models
Authors: Kuniko Masuda, Takeshi Onda, Yuichi Akatsu, Eiji Ichimura, Takeshi Nakanishi, Kazuya Okamoto, Tomio Morino
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Irinotecan (CPT-11) is clinically used to treat various tumors, but low enzymatic conversion to its active metabolite, SN-38, limits its therapeutic effect. NK012, a micelle-forming macromolecular prodrug of SN-38, accumulates in tumor tissue and gradually releases SN-38 in enzyme-independent manner. NK012 showed much stronger growth inhibitory effects than CPT-11 at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) against all tested xenografted human tumors. Furthermore, NK012 showed much stronger antitumor activities than other cytotoxic agents clinically used for cancer treatment (taxanes, doxorubicin, carboplatin etc.). Here, we report combination antitumor effects of NK012 with platinum compounds in human breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular cancer xenografts in nude mice. The dose of NK012 was set at 1.9-3.8 mg/kg/day to be sub-optimum for complete regression depending on the cell line. NK012 and carboplatin were administered by q7dx3. Although both of NK012 and carboplatin were ineffective as single agent (minimum T/C values &amp;gt;50%), their combination was effective (minimum T/C value = 8%) to cause tumor regression in MC-05-JCK breast cancer. In MC-05-JCK breast cancer, the TGDs (Tumor Growth Delay; tumor tripling time over control group delayed by treatment / tumor tripling time of control group × 100) by NK012 1.9 mg/kg/day, carboplatin 50 mg/kg/day (67% of MTD), and their combination were 41%, 29%, and 286%, respectively. In NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer, the TGDs by NK012 3.8 mg/kg/day, carboplatin 75 mg/kg/day (MTD), and their combination were 90%, 71%, and 403%, respectively. In Co-3 colorectal cancer, the TGDs by NK012 3.8 mg/kg/day, carboplatin 75 mg/kg/day, and their combination were 358%, 97%, and &amp;gt;489%, respectively. Thus, combination of NK012 with carboplatin showed remarkably synergistic effects, and it didn't accompany toxicity exacerbation. Similarly, combination of NK012 with cisplatin exhibited remarkable synergistic effects in Li-07-JCK hepatocellular cancer. The TGDs by NK012 3.8 mg/kg, one shot, cisplatin 10 mg/kg, one shot, and their combination were 58%, 136%, and 455%, respectively. These results indicate that NK012 and platinum compounds combination regimen would be effective for treatment of patients with solid tumors including breast, non-small cell lung, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5513.