tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tachycardia in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: MORRIS STEINBOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments and Corrections1 December 1971Tachycardia in ThyrotoxicosisMORRIS STEINBOCK, M.D.MORRIS STEINBOCK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-6-973_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Grossman and colleagues present further evidence in the June issue (1) of the direct myocardial ionotropic effect of thyroid hormone in thyrotoxic subjects: "The tachycardia seen in our thyrotoxic patients at rest was abolished after beta receptor blockade. This fact, taken together with the exaggerated heart rate response of thyrotoxic subjects to exogenous catecholamines, implicates the beta receptor as the mediator of tachycardia in thyrotoxicosis." This conclusion is misleading and warrants further comment.Levey (2) cites in a recent editorial four independent investigations, in animals, into the effect of graded doses of catecholamines on heart rate in...References1. GROSSMAN W, ROBIN N, and JOHNSON L: The enhanced myocardial contractility of thyrotoxicosis. Role of the beta adrenergic receptor. Ann Intern Med 74:869-874, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEVEY G: Catecholamine sensitivity, thyroid hormone and the heart. Am J Med 50:413-420, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. AOKI V, WILSON W, and THEILEN E: The effects of triiodothyronine on hemodynamic responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 157:62-68, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. MCDEVITT D, SHANKS , and HADDEN D: The role of the thyroid in the control of heart-rate. Lancet 1:998-1000, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HEWITT G and ROWLANDS D: Beta sympathetic blockade in hyperthyroidism. Lancet 1:628-631, 1966 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MORRIS STEINBOCK, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Albany Medical Center Hospital Albany, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExperimental hyperthyroidism I Hemodynamics and contractility in situDistillation ProcessesReferences 1 December 1971Volume 75, Issue 6 Page: 973-973 Keywords Catecholamines Heart rate Tachycardia Thyroid hormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
UK announces partnership between the NHS and prison service
Authors: P. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UK's NHS and prison service have announced joint plans for improving health care in British prisons.

A report published this week by a joint prison service and NHS executive working group recommends a formal partnership between the NHS and prisons to help fill gaps in healthcare provision for prisoners. Although prisoners may have substantial health needs, particularly when it comes to mental health and substance misuse, successive reports by the Prisons Inspectorate have shown that the prison service fails to deliver appropriate care.

Nursing care has sometimes been delivered by …
VALUE OF CARDIAC FUNCTION TESTS IN INDUSTRY
Authors: Leon Pordy
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since the diagnosis of heart disease and the evaluation of cardiac function cannot always be made by the routine clinical methods, dependable functional tests of the heart are definitely necessary. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the country today. This is, of course, related to the increasing numbers of aged in our population. In modern industrial plants especially, therefore, is the need for accurate diagnostic and functional tests of the heart now most apparent—including tests of laborers, white collar workers, and executives. The continuing partial disability of workingmen with angina pectoris due to coronary disease, chronic congestive heart failure, or even cardiac neurosis is much more important than is the occasional dramatic attack of acute coronary occlusion or insufficiency among apparently healthy airplane pilots while in flight.  From the standpoint of the nation's needs, the physician in industry must assume the responsibility for ferreting out previously undetected cardiac disease from among the employees or executives of his concern. Executives, especially, are generally considered to be likely
Noninvasive prediction of multivessel disease after myocardial infarction.
Authors: R F Dunn, B Freedman, I K Bailey, R Uren, D T Kelly
Journal: Circulation (1980)

In 65 patients with a previous transmural myocardial infarction (anterior in 33, inferior in 32), exercise thallium scanning was compared with 12-lead exercise electrocardiography to see if multivessel disease could be detected. At coronary arteriography 40 patients were shown to have multivessel disease ( greater than or equal to 70% diameter stenosis in two or three vessels) and 25 patients had one-vessel disease. On the exercise scan thallium defects corresponding to the electrocardiographic site of infarction were present in all patients. Patients wih one-vessel and multivessel disease were separated by exercise-induced angina, perfusion defects on the exercise thallium scan in more than one specific vasculare area, and a positive exercise ECG associated with angina, but not by a positive exercise ECG alone. Of the 40 patients with multivessel disease, 85% had defects in more than one vascular area on the thallium scan and 70% had a positive exercise ECG (p = NS). Of the 37 patients with thallium defects in more than one specific vascular area, 92% had multivessel disease, compared with 72% of the 39 patients who had a positive exercise ECG (p &lt; 0.05). periinfactional ischemia was present in 38 of the 65 patients (58%) ( 14 of 25 with one-vessel disease and 24 of 40 with multivessel disease), and did not correlate with the severity of the corresponding coronary artery disease. When thallium defects that resolved were noted in a second vascular area, they were associated with a resolving rather than a constant defect in the vascular area where the infarction had occurred ( p &lt; 0.005). In patients after a transmural myocardial infarction, multivessel disease can be better differentiated from one-vessel disease by thallium scanning than by exercise electrocardiography.
PREVENTIVE AND CLINICAL MEDICINE IN RELATION TO THE MEDICAL CARE AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN
Authors: R. H. Crowley
Journal: BMJ (1932)

AN UNUSUAL NEISSERIA IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS rMJTwHEBARTL 875L, an-shaped Gram-negative diplococci, intra-and extra- cellular, were present.It was considered that they were probably Neisseria (Micrococcus) catarrhalis.X-ray screen examination showed full diaphragmatic movement, while a film showed increased basal linear striation but no evidence of a parenchymal lesion.The inference was that there was bronchial catarrh.The Wassermann reaction of the blood serum was negative.Examination of the blood gave the following results: red cells 4,200,000 per c.mm.; haemoglobin 72 per cent.(Haldane); there were 8,400 white cells per c.mm., and of these 56 per cent.were polymorpho- nuclear neutrophils, 11.5 per cent.lymphocytes, 30.5 per cent.large mononuclears, and 2 per cent.eosinophils.A Cooke- Arneth count of the polymorphs resulted thus: Number of lobes ... ... .
Value of 17 -oestradiol in prevention of contracture formation
Authors: W. H. Akeson, S. L-Y. Woo, D. Amiel, D. H. Doty, L. Rutherford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Male and female rabbits were treated with 17beta-oestradiol during the 9-week development of a contracture in the left hind limb. The right hind limb served as the paired control. Untreated (absolute control) animals received saline injections. After 9 weeks biochemical analyses of water, hexosamine, soluble and total collagen, as well as biomechanical measurements of joint stiffness, were performed on the dissected knees. In all cases 17beta-oestradiol reduced the measured stiffness in the contractures by approximately 50% as compared to the contractures of the untreated animals. 17beta-oestradiol, in addition, partially prevented the loss of water and hexosamine which occurs in untreated contractures. 17beta-oestradiol administration also decreased the content of soluble collagen fractions in the periarticular connective tissue of both the control and experimental knees. The relationship of these biochemical findings to their mechanical consequences is discussed, and the results are related to a working hypothesis of stress- and motion-dependent homoeostasis within periarticular connective tissue.
OCTOGENARIAN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND EJECTION FRACTION &lt;45%, PRE-DISCHARGE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS OR ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS AND LOWER 30-DAY ALL-CAUSE HOSPITAL READMISSION
Authors: Taimoor Hashim, Vikas Bhatia, Kumar Sanam, Sridivya Parvataneni, Fadi Hage, Sumanth Prabhu, Wilbert Aronow, Richard llman, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Targeting Energetic Metabolism
Authors: Rubin M. Tuder, Laura A. Davis, Brian B. Graham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

This perspective highlights advances in the understanding of the role of cellular metabolism in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Insights gained in the past 20 years have revealed several similarities between the cellular processes underlying the pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and those seen in cancer processes. In line with these insights, there is increasing recognition that abnormal cellular metabolism, notably of aerobic glycolysis (the "Warburg effect"), the potential involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor in this process, and alterations in mitochondrial function, are key elements in the pathogenesis of this disease. The glycolytic shift may underlie the resistance to apoptosis and increased vascular cell proliferation, which are hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension. These investigations have led to novel approaches in the diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary hypertension.
Gastrointestinal lymphoid pseudotumoral hyperplasia: report of four pediatric cases
Authors: J. Chaix, C. Robles-Medranda, S. Collardeau-Frachon, H. Lukashok, C. Le-Gall, L. Michaud, A. Lachaux
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We report on four pediatric patients ([Table 1], [Fig. 1] [2] [3]) with lymphoid pseudotumoral hyperplasia (LPH), two with an atypical localization (diffuse disease). The lesion diameters varied from 7 to 30 mm.
Montelukast, a Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonist, for the Treatment of Mild Asthma and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Jonathan A. Leff, William W. Busse, David Pearlman, Edwin A. Bronsky, James Kemp, Leslie Hendeles, Robert Dockhorn, Sudeep Kundu, Ji Zhang, Beth C. Seidenberg, Theodore F. Reiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Patients with mild asthma frequently have only exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, a symptom of inadequate control of asthma. We evaluated the ability of montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, to protect such patients against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Evidence for selective accumulation of intrathyroidal T lymphocytes in human autoimmune thyroid disease based on T cell receptor V gene usage.
Authors: T F Davies, A Martin, E S Concepcion, P Graves, N Lahat, W L Cohen, A Ben-Nun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have investigated the T cell receptor V alpha and V beta gene family usage by T lymphocytes infiltrating affected thyroids in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. We show that the intrathyroidal T lymphocytes from patients (n = 6) with autoimmune thyroid disease display a widespread usage of V beta gene families with an average of 14.4/19 V beta gene families similar to the peripheral T lymphocytes of the same patients. Because we recently reported that the utilization of V alpha gene families is markedly reduced within these mitogen-stimulated intrathyroidal T cell populations, as well as within intact tissue from similar patients (n = 4) (overall mean of 4.0/18 families detected), these results indicate that in thyroids of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease the lymphocytes are selectively accumulating based on their V alpha rather than V beta elements. This preferential hTcR V alpha and widespread V beta gene usage was not mimicked in most 7-d autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions using non-T cell stimulators (n = 6) or EB-virus immortalized autologous B cell lines (n = 3). Hence, the selective V gene utilization by intrathyroidal T cells is likely to be secondary to multiepitopic thyroidal autoantigens activating thyroid infiltrating T cells or to the presence of a superantigenlike thyroidal self-antigen, capable of determining a selective infiltration or activation of a variety of T lymphocytes on the basis of their V alpha gene usage.
Cognition and communication in culture's evolutionary landscape
Authors: Mark Schaller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Atran &amp; Norenzayan's (A&amp;N's) analysis fits with other perspectives on evoked culture: Cultural beliefs might emerge simply from the fact that people share a common cognitive architecture. But no perspective on culture can be complete without incorporating the unstoppable role of communication. The evolutionary landscape of culture will be most completely mapped by theories that describe specifically how communication translates evolved cognitive canals into cultural beliefs.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and High S Phase in Breast Cancer
Authors: Melody A. Cobleigh
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Prolonged postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with increased incidence of breast cancer and, paradoxically, reduced breast cancer mortality. The biological rationale for this discrepancy has not been explored.To compare the prognostic characteristics of cancers arising in women who have used HRT with those in women who never have used HRT.Prospective cohort study from December 1989 to November 1996.Teaching hospital in a large midwestern metropolitan area.Cohort of 331 postmenopausal women who presented consecutively with 349 invasive breast cancers.Estrogen receptor (ER) status (ER positive vs ER negative) and S phase (low vs high) for current HRT users vs never users.The frequency of high S-phase fraction among cancers in women who were using HRT was markedly increased compared with that in women who had never used HRT (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-7.66). However, the greater frequency of high S-phase fraction was limited to women with ER-positive cancers (for HRT users vs never users, OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.36-20.28; for ER-negative cancers in HRT users vs never users, OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.20-5.86).Use of HRT appears to stimulate growth of ER-positive but not ER-negative breast cancer as measured by S-phase fraction. The prognostic significance of high S-phase fraction in current HRT users who have ER-positive tumors is unknown.
A CASE OF SINGULTUS TREATED SUCCESSFULLY WITH NITRO-GLYCERIN.
Authors: E. GRISWOLD
Journal: JAMA (1894)

This troublesome spasmodic condition, whether we term it a disease, or only a symptom, may well be classed as one of the opprobria medicorum; presenting as it does in its clinical history the appearance of a spasmodic disease, and in its therapeutics almost negative results as regards the action of antispasmodics and nerve sedatives, the practitioner may well inquire after a new explanation of its pathology and a new departure in its treatment. Most practitioners of large experience have doubtless met with cases in which this singularly annoying and debilitating condition has continued for many days, even running into weeks, in spite of their best therapeutic efforts, with scarcely any intermissions, unless asleep, and which sleep came but seldom and was transient. Any<i>new</i>remedy or<i>any</i>old remedy whose successful application to the treatment of this condition is new, deserves the attention of the profession. There are some things
Closure of dirty and untidy wounds
Authors: P A M Weston
Journal: BMJ (1976)

of an acute episode of abdominal pain and pre- sented the findings at the meeting of the British Paediatric Association in 1975.Briefly, we found that the 235 admissions with acute abdominal pain accounted for 9-4% of nonwaiting-list admissions in that 12-month period.Thirty-one admissions were for chronic or recurrent pain and 204 for acute pain.A breakdown of diagnoses followed the same general pattern as found by Mr Jones and was as follows: Unexplained.360% Appendicitis .28%oUpper respiratory infection (including 7 cases of influenza B) .11Constipation with soiling or urinary retention 3% Gastroenteritis.30 Urinary infection.3,, Mesenteric adenitis .30Major psychological problems 3%' Pneumonia on chest x-ray. . .2% Miscellaneous (including 5 admissions with duodenal ulcer pain) . .8
Impact of large regenerative, low grade and high grade dysplastic nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Mauro Borzio, Silvia Fargion, Franco Borzio, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Anna Maria Croce, Tommaso Stroffolini, Silvia Oldani, Rodolfo Cotichini, Massimo Roncalli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Transluminal Iliac Artery Dilatation
Authors: Heinz I. Lippman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to Dr. Whelan's editorial (230:91, 1974) and Dr. Vetto's remarks (230:92, 1974) on the article by Dotter et al (230:117, 1974). Some of the questions raised by Dr. Whelan (eg, patient selection or contraindications) have been answered in the literature. During my sabbatical, I visited with the radiologist Dr. Zeitler in West Germany and saw a good number of short- and long-term excellent roentgenological as well as clinical results with "Dottering" of the superficial femoral arteries. The present article is a logical sequence of Dr. Dotter's previous promising work. To plan for long-term management, a physician often has to weigh the risks of reconstructive surgery (which aims at increasing blood supply) against those of trying to minimize tissue demands for blood, such as by assuring good foot care and preventing injury or infection. A growing number of medical and surgical angiologists seem to agree on limiting
Psychiatric services for people with learning disabilities
Authors: A. H Reid
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Psychiatric disorder is more common in people with learning disabilities than in the general population. Organic, social, and educational reasons account for this increase. Nearly all adults with severe mental retardation have structural brain disease, and epilepsy is more common in this population.1 In their study in the Isle of Wight, Rutter and colleagues showed very clearly the association among neurological abnormality, epilepsy, learning disability, and psychiatric disorders.2 In addition to these organic factors, educational failure; rejection and lack of social acceptance; reduced or no job opportunities, with correspondingly diminished self esteem; difficulties in finding acceptable sexual outlets despite normal sexual drives; and the problems of dysmorphic appearance all combine to increase the liability to psychiatric disorder.3

These psychiatric disorders include schizophrenic and paranoid syndromes, although diagnosing them may be difficult.4 For example,schizophrenia cannot be reliably diagnosed in …
Viral wheezing is virus specific and not just host specific
Authors: M-P.F. Strippoli, B.D. Spycher, A.M. Pescatore, C.S. Beardsmore, M. Silverman, C.E. Kuehni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

with its own genetics.However, the great majority of viral infections are nonsymptomatic and wheezing may be the only symptom of respiratory viral infection.Prospective postbronchiolitis follow-up studies with virus-specific diagnoses and virus-specific outcomes available have provided evidence that viral wheezing is also a virus-specific phenomenon, not only a host-specific phenomenon.There may be different viruses that trigger wheezing in children with exclusively viral wheezing and in children with allergic wheezing.
Current Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: H. G. Trimble
Journal: BMJ (1955)

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIStaken at biopsy from patients with miliary shadows in the lungs.Some of these cases are diagnosed on all available evidence as " sarcoidosis," and others as benign chronic miliary tuberculosis; a small group seems to be " on the fence" between the two.I have a feeling that further experimental study of the syndrome called " sarcoidosis " may provide a clue to the problem of immunity in tuberculosis. SummaryThe treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is reviewed in the light of recent advances.The aims of treatment are: (1) permanent healing of the lesions; (2) minimal loss of respiratory function; and (3) the attainment of these in the shortest time.In addition to the long-established principles of rest, diet, fresh air, and graded exercises there are three main therapeutic weapons: (1) antibacterial drugs without collapse therapy; (2) collapse therapy, either medical or surgical; and (3) resection of the diseased portion of lung.The value of the various forms of treatment is assessed on the basis of results obtained by the author ancd by other workers in Great Britain.The finding that large numbers of tubercle bacilli are present in some lesions and none in others is referred to, and the need for further research into this question is stressed.Further experimental study of the syndrome called "sarcoidosis" may provide a clue to the problem of immunity in tuberculosis.My grateful thanks are due to my registrars, Dr. J. K. Gurling and Dr. W. H. Helm, for their valuable assistance in reviewing the records of my cases;
The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour
Authors: H.-Y. Thong, S.-H. Jee, C.-C. Sun, R.E. Boissy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background One determining factor of skin colour is the distribution pattern of melanosomes within keratinocytes. Melanosomes in keratinocytes of light skin as in Caucasians are distributed as membrane-bound clusters, whereas the melanosomes in keratinocytes of dark skin as in African/American individuals tend to be larger and distributed individually. It has been shown that melanin content, melanin composition and the size of melanosomes in the human epidermis vary considerably with both ethnicity and chronic sun exposure. Objectives To assess quantitatively the distribution pattern of melanosomes that have been transferred to keratinocytes in the photoprotected (volar forearm) skin from normal Asian individuals and to compare these data with those from light-skinned Caucasian and dark-skinned African/American individuals. Methods Electron microscopy was used. Results We have demonstrated that melanosomes within keratinocytes of Asian skin are distributed as a combination of individual and clustered melanosomes with a proportion of 62·6% vs. 37·4%, respectively. This contrasts with dark and light skin keratinocytes where melanosomes are predominantly individual (88·9%) and clustered (84·5%), respectively. Analysis of mean ± SD melanosome size also revealed a progressive variation in size with ethnicity, melanosomes in dark skin being the largest (1·44 ± 0·67 μm2 × 10−2) followed in turn by those in Asian skin (1·36 ± 0·15 μm2 × 10−2) and Caucasian skin (0·94 ± 0·48 μm2 × 10−2). In addition, it was shown that the melanosomes that are individually distributed tend to have a larger size than the clustered melanosomes. Conclusions The present data indicate that there may be a size gradient of melanosomes encompassing the global complexion coloration and that the melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of Asian skin is intermediate between that in light Caucasian and dark African/American skin.