tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small Airway Morphometry and Improvement in Pulmonary Function after Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: Victor Kim, Gerard J. Criner, Heba Y. Abdallah, John P. Gaughan, Satoshi Furukawa, Charalambos C. Solomides
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We examined small airway morphometry from resected lung specimens in 25 patients with severe emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and correlated their pathologic findings to changes in FEV1 6 months after LVRS. Patients were classified into two groups: responders had a more than 12% and a more than 200-ml change in FEV1 at 6 months, and nonresponders had 12% or less and/or 200 ml or less change in FEV1. Epithelial height (EH) and perimeters and areas of peribronchial smooth muscle, epithelium, and subepithelial space were measured quantitatively. The degrees of interstitial fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, chronic inflammation, peribronchial fibrosis, and bullous disease were assessed semiquantitatively. Despite similar baseline characteristics, nonresponders had a greater EH (0.045 vs. 0.035 mm, p = 0.025), greater EH adjusted for basement membrane perimeter (0.040 vs. 0.011, p = 0.016), greater epithelial area adjusted for basement membrane area (0.561 vs. 0.499, p = 0.040), and less bullous disease (1.7 vs. 2.6, p = 0.011) compared with responders. We found a linear relationship between percentage change in FEV1 and bullous disease and inverse relationships between percentage change in FEV1 and interstitial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, peribronchial fibrosis, and vascular sclerosis. We conclude that small airway morphometry and lung histopathology in patients with severe emphysema have an important influence on changes in FEV1 6 months after LVRS.
Prospective study of early rheumatoid arthritis. I. Prognostic value of IgA rheumatoid factor.
Authors: I Teitsson, R.H Withrington, M.H Seifert, H Valdimarsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Thirty-three patients with early arthritis, 28 of whom developed classical/definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were followed up for two to four years. Rheumatoid factor (RF) levels of the IgM, IgA, and IgG isotypes were measured in serum and synovial fluid by an ELISA technique developed in our laboratory. All seven patients who presented with raised IgA RF developed erosions of their hands and wrists. This was significantly different from the remaining 26. By contrast none of the five patients who presented with isolated elevation of IgM RF developed erosive disease. The patients with raised IgA RF needed significantly more treatment with 'specific' drugs than the remaining 26. It is suggested that the detection of IgA RF in early RA indicates poor prognosis, justifying a more aggressive treatment at an early stage.
The expression of immediate early gene X-1 (IEX-1) is differentially induced by retinoic acids in NB4 and KG1 cells: possible implication in the distinct phenotype of retinoic acid-responsive and -resistant leukemic cells
Authors: A Arlt, J Minkenberg, B Kocs, M Großmann, M-L Kruse, U R Fölsch, H Schäfer
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Renal Effects of High-Dose Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Blockade in Rats With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Ping L. Zhang, Harald S. Mackenzie, Kazuhito Totsune, Julia L. Troy, Barry M. Brenner
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Previous studies suggest that elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels participate in regulating renal excretory function in rats with congestive heart failure (CHF). To define the role of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in the regulation of renal function in CHF, the renal responses to HS-142-1 (HS), a potent NP receptor antagonist, were studied in anesthetized rats subjected to coronary ligation that developed left ventricular infarction and CHF or in sham-operated (SO) control rats. Plasma ANP levels averaged > 14-fold higher in rats with CHF than in SO rats. In response to HS (20 mg/kg IV bolus), both mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance increased in rats with CHF but not in SO rats; glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 1.26 +/- 0.04 versus 0.76 +/- 0.11 mL/min) and renal plasma flow rate (RPF, 3.52 +/- 0.27 versus 2.70 +/- 0.32 mL/min) were significantly reduced in rats with CHF; and in SO rats, GFR (1.26 +/- 0.06 versus 1.20 +/- 0.07 mL/min) and RPF (3.98 +/- 0.21 versus 3.99 +/- 0.18 mL/min) were not significantly affected by HS. The sodium excretion rate (0.18 +/- 0.04 to 0.06 +/- 0.01 muEq/min) and fractional sodium excretion (0.01 +/- 0.02% to 0.04 +/- 0.01%) also fell markedly after HS administration in rats with CHF, but these parameters were unchanged in SO rats. These data indicate that NPs play a critical role in maintaining renal hemodynamic function and inhibiting tubule sodium reabsorption in rats with CHF, thus opposing sodium retention and preserving sodium balance in this model.
The role of Bcl6 in mature cardiac myocytes
Authors: T Yoshida
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The Bcl6 gene encodes a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor and is ubiquitously expressed in adult murine tissues including heart muscle. The objective of this study was to examine the role of Bcl6 in cardiac myocytes. Method: We developed Bcl6-deficient (Bcl6−/−) mice and histologically examined hearts from these mice. Results: Massive myocarditis with eosinophilic infiltration occurred in Bcl6−/− mice after 4–6 weeks of age. Since expression of the Bcl6 gene was induced in normal cardiac myocytes after 2 weeks of age and thereafter detected through adulthood, loss of Bcl6 in mature cardiac myocytes may be related to the induction of eosinophilic myocarditis. To examine the effects of eosinophils from Bcl6−/− mice on normal hearts, bone marrow cells from Bcl6−/− mice were adoptively transferred into sublethally irradiated RAG1-deficient mice. Although massive eosinophilic infiltration was detected in conjunctivas and spleens from the chimeric mice, myocarditis was never observed. Electron microscopic analysis of cardiac myocytes from Bcl6−/− mice revealed a spectrum of degenerative changes prior to eosinophilic infiltration. Conclusion:Bcl6 may not be essential for the maturation of cardiac myocytes but may play a role in protecting mature cardiac myocytes from eosinophilic inflammation.
Regulatory and Legal Influences on Physicians' Office Laboratories
Authors: Robert F. Wildermann
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We believe that the current shift of analysis from hospital and independent laboratories to physicians' offices will continue. As the volume of laboratory work performed in physicians' offices increases, there will be increased pressure at the federal and state levels to regulate these laboratories. The purpose of such regulation will be to ensure adequate quality and fair competition. These office laboratories will also be at an increased risk for malpractice claims. If they can offer high-quality analysis in a cost-effective manner, physicians will continue, in the long run, to expand their office analytic services.
Efficacy and safety of infliximab as continuous or intermittent therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of a randomized, long-term extension trial (RESTORE2)
Authors: K. Reich, G. Wozel, H. Zheng, H.J.F. van Hoogstraten, L. Flint, J. Barker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Continuous maintenance therapy with infliximab 5 mg kg−1 every 8 weeks is effective for moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous vs. intermittent infliximab maintenance therapy. Methods RESTORE2 was a long-term extension of RESTORE1. At baseline of RESTORE2, eligible patients who had received infliximab for 26 weeks and achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 in RESTORE1 were rerandomized 1 : 1 to continuous therapy (infliximab 5 mg kg−1 every 8 weeks) or intermittent therapy (no infliximab until > 50% loss of PASI improvement). Safety and efficacy assessments occurred throughout the study. Results In total, 222 patients were randomized to receive continuous therapy, and 219 to intermittent therapy. More serious infusion-related reactions occurred with intermittent therapy (8/219 patients, 4%) than with continuous therapy (1/222 patients, < 1%), leading the sponsor to terminate the study. The mean duration of exposure to infliximab was 40·12 weeks (SD 27·55) with a mean of 5·8 infusions (range 0–16) for continuous therapy and 22·78 weeks (SD 22·98) with a mean of 3·4 infusions (range 0–16) for intermittent therapy. Although no formal efficacy analyses were conducted, continuous therapy led to greater PASI 75 at week 52 in the continuous group (81/101, 80%) than in the intermittent group (39/83, 47%); several other efficacy measures demonstrated similar patterns. Conclusions For patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis, continuous therapy with infliximab may be more effective than intermittent therapy. The incidence of serious infusion-related reactions in the intermittent group suggests that clinicians should avoid intermittent therapy in this population.
Medicine and Man
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Behind the rather noncommittal title lies a wealth of ideas bearing on the intimate contact between medicine and the problems of today. Medicine in its broad sense forms a major aspect of our intellectual and cultural activity, and interdigitates with the various fields wherein these activities express themselves—social, economic, political, ethical, philosophical, as well as scientific. Dr. Poynter, eminent historian and honorary doctor of medicine, provides a splendid survey of contemporary social and intellectual problems of medicine, and makes us see them in a historical setting. He does not offer a narrative or systematic history. Rather does the historical knowledge act like the illumination which permits us to see and appreciate details which otherwise were obscure. The physician should be both scientist and humanist and has a unique opportunity to bridge "the two cultures." The practical and the theoretical, the scientific and the humanistic, merge in the broader relationships of
DOUBLE VULSELLUM CERVIX FORCEPS
Authors: Hilbert F. Day
Journal: JAMA (1913)

lowered quickly by a hand-wheel operating a screw with a sliding nut.When the to]) of the table is at its normal height, it may be used for eye operations, dressings, etc.The table is mounted on four rubber-tired casters, two of which are equipped with brakes operated by the foot, by means of which the table can be made stationary if desired.The other mechan¬ ical features of the table will be apparent from an examination of the illustrations.Its flexibility ami its adaptable height make it serviceable in the entire field of eye, ear, nose and throat work.215 Pioneer Block.
The Harvard Guide to Modern Psychiatry
Authors: John F. Greden
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Textbooks tend to be lengthy. They have multiple contributors who discuss a wide array of topics. A reviewer will inevitably perceive some sections as superb, while others simply seem to fill pages. Since all texts have some weak segments, overall balance determines their degree of excellence. On balance, this is a good book. The editor, Armand M. Nicholi, Jr, stated he orchestrated the book to provide psychiatrists with a "brief, technically sound resource." In most ways, he has succeeded. Realizing this deceptively modest objective was certainly helped by relying on impressive contributors. (Twenty-nine of 32 are directly affiliated with Harvard, thus explaining the title.) The outlined structure of the book is relatively conventional and pleasingly simple. Yet this book is not without problems. I would have preferred more tables and illustrations. The book contains few. Good illustrations not only clarify, but provide some relief from reading 664 double-column pages—tedious even
Surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: R Walchenbach, J H C Voormolen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux is a debilitating syndrome consisting of mainly unilateral short bursts of lancinating pain in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Typically, these bouts of pain can be provoked by touching specific trigger points, speaking, or eating. The incidence is reported to be 4.3 per 100 000 with a predominance in women.1 The initial treatment is medical: carbamazepine is the first drug of choice, though diphantoine or baclofen, or a combination, can also be used. Most patients initially respond to medical treatment, but 30–75% do not obtain long term pain relief or experience side effects of the drugs.2 3 For these patients, surgical intervention should be considered.

Although, or perhaps because, the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia has not been fully elucidated, various invasive procedures have been described over the years. There is a continuing struggle between supporters of percutaneous ablation of the ganglion of Gasser (percutaneous controlled differential thermocoagulation being the most widely used procedure) and supporters of microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root by way of an exploration of the posterior fossa. If no vascular compression is found at operation, the sensory root can be partially transected as described by Dandy.4 Advocates of both …
How good is the science?
Authors: T. Stockwell, A. Greer, K. Fillmore, T. Chikritzhs, C. Zeisser
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ronksley and colleagues asserted that the association between moderate alcohol consumption and reduced mortality risk was "beyond question."1 We reviewed all 67 studies that generated the 84 articles in their meta-analysis. All but two had at least one of six serious methodological problems, and these two had mixed findings (figure⇓); see http://carbc.ca/Portals/0/News/FeatureSupplement201203.pdf for bibliography).
Economic Costs of Childhood Lead Exposure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Teresa M. Attina, Leonardo Trasande
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Children's blood lead levels have declined worldwide, especially after the removal of lead in gasoline. However, significant exposure remains, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To date, there have been no global estimates of the costs related to lead exposure in children in developing countries.Our main aim was to estimate the economic costs attributable to childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries.We developed a regression model to estimate mean blood lead levels in our population of interest, represented by each 1-year cohort of children < 5 years of age. We used an environmentally attributable fraction model to estimate lead-attributable economic costs and limited our analysis to the neurodevelopmental impacts of lead, assessed as decrements in IQ points. Our main outcome was lost lifetime economic productivity due to early childhood exposure.We estimated a total cost of $977 billions of international dollars in low- and middle-income countries, with economic losses equal to $134.7 billion in Africa [4.03% of gross domestic product (GDP)], $142.3 billion in Latin America and the Caribbean (2.04% of GDP), and $699.9 billion in Asia (1.88% of GDP). Our sensitivity analysis indicates a total economic loss in the range of $728.6-1162.5 billion.We estimated that, in low- and middle-income countries, the burden associated with childhood lead exposure amounts to 1.20% of world GDP in 2011. For comparison, in the United States and Europe lead-attributable economic costs have been estimated at $50.9 and $55 billion, respectively, suggesting that the largest burden of lead exposure is now borne by low- and middle-income countries.
Cardiovascular Outcome in White-Coat Versus Sustained Mild Hypertension
Authors: Rajdeep S. Khattar, Roxy Senior, Avijit Lahiri
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The aim of this study was to compare the risk conferred by white-coat versus sustained mild hypertension for the development of cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results —Patients (n=479) who underwent 24-hour intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on the basis of a persistently elevated clinic systolic blood pressure of 140 to 180 mm Hg were followed up for the development of subsequent cardiovascular events during a 9.1±4.2-year period. White-coat hypertension, defined as a clinic systolic blood pressure of 140 to 180 mm Hg associated with a 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure &lt;140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure &lt;90 mm Hg, was present in 126 patients, and the remainder had sustained mild hypertension. A subgroup of patients without complications underwent follow-up echocardiography and carotid ultrasound. White-coat hypertensives were younger (44±12 versus 52±10 years, respectively; P &lt;0.001) and had a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular events (1.32 versus 2.56 events per 100 patient-years, respectively; P &lt;0.001) than sustained hypertensives. Multivariate analysis revealed age ( P =0.002), sex ( P =0.007), race ( P =0.001), smoking ( P =0.005), and the presence of white-coat hypertension (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.90; P =0.04) to be independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events. Subgroup analysis in patients without complications revealed a lower incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and lesser degrees of carotid hypertrophy in the white-coat group. Conclusions —These findings indicate a relatively benign outcome in white-coat hypertension compared with sustained mild hypertension.
Bone Marrow Morphology and Mechanics of Biopsy
Authors: Thomas B. Wiltbank
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The overleaf of this monograph suggests "that there is no hematology textbook, cytology atlas or monograph which deals exclusively with a comprehensive, standardized system of marrow biopsy technique." The publisher therefore suggests that this particular book will fill that void, but unfortunately it does not completely satisfy the goals stated. The text is divided into five major chapters beginning with a discussion of the bone marrow as an organ. The first chapter contains many interesting photomicrographs that illustrate each detail of marrow architecture. The ensuing three chapters become somewhat more technical, with descriptions of the performance of a marrow biopsy, preparation of the specimen, and finally extensive discussions of the staining procedures. Interestingly enough, this book contains a section that may be unique. This is the chapter devoted to staining of the specimens for observers with color perception problems. The final chapter is a descriptive analysis of bone marrow biopsies
Controlled trials in single subjects.
Authors: S Senn
Journal: BMJ (1991)

conditions, f-ronti mild to severe.(iven that most patients have the tests offered to them, the decision about which tests shouldi be widely available becomes paramount.Which conditions arc considered to bc scrious enloLugh to warrant prenatal screeninig and suobsequent ter-mination?'\Xho should decide?As a first step towards a solution the views of scientists, clinicians, managers, and patients as swell as special interest groups, SLuch as those wNith disabilities, need to be determined.TFhe next task is to determine how these potentially conflicting views can be reflected in policy.Once a test is available how, when, and by whom should it be offered to increase the likelihood that the decision to undergo screening reflects more a woman's values and less the social influences inherent in medical consultations?Research on these issues is needed alongside the development of these tests to ensure that we do not become slaves to our own technological wizardry.
Distinct Hepatic Retention of Tc-99m IDA in Arteriohepatic Dysplasia (Alagille Syndrome)
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, TERUHIKO TAKAYAMA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

An unusual pattern of Tc-99m IDA scintigraphy was observed in a 20-year-old woman with arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille syndrome). Although neither hepatic imaging with Tc-99m tin colloid nor radiographic CT revealed any morphologic abnormality in the liver, sequential hepatobiliary imaging demonstrated abnormal radiotracer behavior—specifically, differences in tracer clearance between the peripheral and central portions of the liver. Radioactivity was persistently retained in the periphery of the liver, but the central portion showed normal tracer clearance, resulting in a photopenic center surrounded by a hot peripheral rim on the later images. The gallbladder and small intestine appeared promptly. This image pattern may be characteristic for intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia.
Recovery Time for the Alcoholic After Admission for Prolonged Intoxication: A Cognitive and Electroencephalogram Study.
Authors: R. P. Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Recovery Time for the Alcoholic After Admission for Prolonged Intoxication: A Cognitive and Electroencephalogram Study.R. P. Allen, Ph.D., L. A. Faillace, M.D.R. P. Allen, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. A. Faillace, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-838_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptData from two studies, one cross-sectional and the other longitudinal, indicate a somewhat long duration of cognitive and physiological recovery after a patient's hospital admission for alcoholism. The cross-sectional study compared 2 matched groups of 12 alcoholics each; the first group tested at 3 weeks after admission showed significantly better memory functions than the second group tested at more than 3 weeks after admission. The longitudinal study followed six patients for about 4 weeks after admission for alcoholism. The first 4 to 7 days the patient was on controlled alcohol consumption of 30 ml of 90% ethanol every 2 hr... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. P. Allen, Ph.D.; L. A. Faillace, M.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNews BriefsIn-hospital detoxification and rehabilitation of alcoholics in an inner city area.Medical problems in chronic alcoholic men 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 838-838KeywordsAlcohol consumptionAlcoholicsAlcoholismElectroencephalographyEthanolIntoxicationLongitudinal studiesMemoryResearch design ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
904 HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY-OF-LIFE AMONG GENOTYPE 1 TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS: POST-HOC ANALYSES FROM THE REALIZE STUDY
Authors: K. Sherman, A. Muir, J. Aggarwal, M. Donepudi, T. Goss, M. Martin, M. Vera-Llonch, Z. Younossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)