tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF SUBCONVULSIVE ELECTROSTIMULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SOME EMOTIONAL DISORDERS
Authors: EUGENE A. HARGROVE, A. E. BENNETT, FREDERICK R. FORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. A total of 120 patients have been treated for anxiety and depression with subconvulsive electrostimulation combined with psychotherapy, with electrostimulation alone or with psychotherapy alone. 2. Less than one-fifth of the patients treated with psychotherapy alone for the symptom of anxiety failed to improve or recover, as compared with almost two-thirds of those treated by the combined method. The group on electrostimulation alone, although too small for comparison, indicated a trend toward poorer results than those observed with the other 2 methods. The average time required for social recovery by any method is roughly similar. 3. In depressions 11 of 15 patients treated by psychotherapy improved or recovered, whereas by the combined method only 5 of 15 made comparable gains. The smaller group treated with electrostimulation indicated poorer results than with the combined treatment. The duration of treatment in each method is roughly similar. 4. The use of electrostimulation combined with psychotherapy in the treatment of anxieties and mild depressions may add problems that retard treatment or prevent recovery. 5. The explosive ventilation of feeling that electrostimulation undoubtedly causes is at best a temporary relief. It has no part in the long-term approach to amelioration of the patient's symptoms that only a process of reeducation can achieve. The introduction of pain, seduction, inappropriate dependence, or indulgence in masochism does not achieve reeducation in any sense, and our results emphasize this belief. 6. Treatment of patients with the predominating symptoms of anxiety or mild depression by electrostimulation is in our present experience second choice to treatment by psychotherapy alone.
Use of Alternative Medicine — A Marker for Distress?
Authors: Jimmie C. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In this issue of the Journal, Burstein and colleagues give us surprising new information about women who begin to use alternative medicine after receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer.1 The investigators studied 480 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer and found that 28 percent of them began to use alternative medical therapies as an adjunct to conventional therapy. There is much confusion about the definition of alternative medicine,2 but the main point is that the women chose to use several (an average of 2.5) different forms of alternative medicine, including psychological and healing therapies,3 in addition to the conventional . . .
Local Ablative Therapy of Oligoprogressive Disease Prolongs Disease Control by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Oncogene-Addicted Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Andrew J. Weickhardt, Benjamin Scheier, Joseph Malachy Burke, Gregory Gan, Xian Lu, Paul A. Bunn, Dara L. Aisner, Laurie E. Gaspar, Brian D. Kavanagh, Robert C. Doebele, D. Ross Camidge
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Stimulation of angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells by human monoclonal Tie2 receptor antibody
Authors: Byungtae Hwang, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jang-Seong Kim, Ji Hyun Moon, In Cheul Jeung, Na Geum Lee, Jongjin Park, Hyo Jeong Hong, Young-Lai Cho, Haiyoung Jung, Young-Jun Park, Seon-Jin Lee, Hee Gu Lee, Won Kon Kim, Baek Soo Han, Kwang-Hee Bae, Sang J. Chung, Young-Guen Kwon, Sang Chul Lee, Sang Jick Kim, Jeong-Ki Min
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
A whole-economy model of the health co-benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the UK
Authors: Marcus Keogh-Brown, Henning Tarp Jensen, Richard D Smith, Zaid Chalabi, Mike Davies, Alan Dangour, Phil Edwards, Tara Garnett, Moshe Givoni, Ulla Griffiths, Ian Hamilton, James Jarrett, Ian Roberts, Paul Wilkinson, James Woodcock, Andy Haines
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Kalyanasundaram Subra Mani
Authors: V. Saxena, P. Newman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

John F Kennedy was rushed to the emergency room after being shot on Friday 22 November 1963.Crenshaw, a junior member of the team, did a cutdown on Kennedy's right leg to insert an intravenous line and watched others trying to save the president.Two days later, on Sunday 24 November 1963, Crenshaw was part of the team that tried to save Lee Harvey Oswald, thought to be the Kennedy assassin, after Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby.The Warren Commission investigating Kennedy's death did not call Crenshaw because Parkland officials did not want to publicise the role of residents in
The Ipswich Touch Test
Authors: Gerry Rayman, Prashanth R. Vas, Neil Baker, Charles G. Taylor,, Catherine Gooday, Amanda I. Alder, Mollie Donohoe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To promote foot screening of inpatients with diabetes, we simplified sensory testing to lightly touching the tips of the first, third, and fifth toes (the Ipswich Touch Test [IpTT]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Respective performances of the IpTT and 10-g monofilament (MF) were compared with a vibration perception threshold of ≥25 V indicating at-risk feet in 265 individuals. The IpTT and MF were also directly compared. RESULTS With ≥2 of 6 insensate areas signifying at-risk feet, sensitivities and specificities, respectively, were IpTT (77 and 90%), MF (81 and 91%); positive predictive values were IpTT (89%), MF (91%); and negative predictive values were IpTT (77%), MF (81%). Directly compared, agreement between the IpTT and MF was almost perfect (κ = 0.88, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Interrater agreement for the IpTT was substantial (κ = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS The IpTT performs well against a recognized standard for ulcer prediction. Simple to teach, reliable, without expense, and always at hand, it should encourage uptake of screening and detection of high-risk inpatients requiring foot protection.
ALX1 Induces Snail Expression to Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Hong Yuan, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Satoko Ito, Nobuhisa Yoshikawa, Toshinori Hyodo, Eri Asano, Hitoki Hasegawa, Masao Maeda, Kiyosumi Shibata, Michinari Hamaguchi, Fumitaka Kikkawa, Takeshi Senga
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is a highly invasive and metastatic disease with a poor prognosis if diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is often the case. Recent studies argue that ovarian cancer cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire aggressive malignant properties, but the relevant molecular mechanisms in this setting are not well-understood. Here, we report findings from an siRNA screen that identified the homeobox transcription factor ALX1 as a novel regulator of EMT. RNA interference–mediated attenuation of ALX1 expression restored E-cadherin expression and cell–cell junction formation in ovarian cancer cells, suppressing cell invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation. Conversely, enforced expression of ALX1 in ovarian cancer cells or nontumorigenic epithelial cells induced EMT. We found that ALX1 upregulated expression of the key EMT regulator Snail (SNAI1) and that it mediated EMT activation and cell invasion by ALX1. Our results define the ALX1/Snail axis as a novel EMT pathway that mediates cancer invasion. Cancer Res; 73(5); 1581–90. ©2012 AACR.
The farnesyl transferase inhibitor, tipifarnib, is a potent inhibitor of the MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, and demonstrates significant cytotoxic synergism against human leukemia cell lines
Authors: B C Medeiros, H J Landau, M Morrow, R O Lockerbie, T Pitts, S G Eckhardt
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Natural History and Prognostic Factors in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gonzalo Guzzo-Merello, Javier Segovia, Fernando Dominguez, Marta Cobo-Marcos, Manuel Gomez-Bueno, Patricia Avellana, Isabel Millan, Luis Alonso-Pulpon, Pablo Garcia-Pavia
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Aqueous Oxygen
Authors: J. Richard Spears, Bing Wang, Xiaojun Wu, Petar Prcevski, Alice J. Jiang, Ali D. Spanta, Richard J. Crilly, Giles J. Brereton
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background High levels of hyperoxemia may have utility in the treatment of regional tissue ischemia, but current methods for its implementation are impractical. A catheter-based method for infusion of O 2 , dissolved in a crystalloid solution at extremely high concentrations, ie, 1 to 3 mL O 2 /g (aqueous oxygen [AO]), into blood without bubble nucleation was recently developed for the potential hyperoxemic treatment of regional tissue ischemia. Methods and Results To test the hypotheses that hypoxemia is correctable and that hyperoxemia can be produced locally by AO infusion, normal saline equilibrated with O 2 at 3 MPa (30 bar; 1 mL O 2 /g) was delivered into arterial blood in two different animal models. In 15 New Zealand White rabbits with systemic hypoxemia, AO was infused into the midabdominal aorta at 1 g/min. Mean distal arterial P o 2 increased to 236±113 and 593±114 mm Hg on 1-hour periods of air and O 2 breathing, respectively, from a baseline of 70±10 mm Hg ( P &lt;.01). In contrast, infusion of ordinary normal saline in a control group (n=7) had no effect on arterial P o 2 . No differences between groups ( P &gt;.05) in temporal changes in blood counts and chemistries were identified. In 10 dogs, low coronary blood flow in the circumflex artery was delivered with a roller pump through the central channel of an occluding balloon catheter. Hypoxemic, normoxemic, and AO-induced hyperoxemic blood perfusates (mean P o 2 , 52±4, 111±22, and 504±72 mm Hg, respectively) were infused for 3-minute periods in a randomized sequence. Short-axis two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a significant decrease ( P &lt;.05) in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with baseline physiological values with low-flow hypoxemic and normoxemic perfusion but not with low-flow hyperoxemic perfusion. Conclusions Intra-arterial AO infusion was effective in these models for regional correction of hypoxemia and production of hyperoxemia.
Former surgeon whose work was "seriously deficient" is allowed to practise as forensic physician
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A former consultant orthopaedic surgeon who was told to stop treating patients after she blew the whistle on the use of NHS facilities for private patients in 2000 has been allowed to return to retrain as a forensic physician.

A General Medical Council fitness to practise panel decided that Sian Caiach could go back on the medical register, although she has not held a substantive medical post since 2000 and has not practised medicine at …
Construction of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus That Precisely Targets Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Xinping Fu, Armando Rivera, Lihua Tao, Bart De Geest, Xiaoliu Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Selective replication in tumor cells is a highly desirable feature for oncolytic viruses. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in controlling gene expression, and that certain tissue-specific miRNAs are frequently downregulated in malignant cells. miR-122 is a liver-specific microRNA. It is abundantly expressed in normal hepatocytes but is absent in many hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We hypothesized that expression of an essential viral gene by a liver-specific promoter would initially restrict virus replication to cells of hepatic origin and that adding miR-122 complementary sequences to the viral gene would make the transcripts degradable by miR-122 in normal hepatocytes, thus further confining its replication to HCC. We have constructed such an oncolytic herpes simplex virus by linking the essential viral glycoprotein H gene with the liver-specific apolipoprotein E (apoE)-AAT promoter and by adding the miR-122a complimentary sequence to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). To further increase the safety of this virus, complementary sequences from miR-124a and let-7 were also engineered into the same 3′UTR. Designated liver-cancer specific oncolytic virus (LCSOV), it was highly selective in killing HCC cells and in shrinking HCC xenografts. We conclude that LCSOV is a highly specific oncolytic virus that can precisely target HCC. Selective replication in tumor cells is a highly desirable feature for oncolytic viruses. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in controlling gene expression, and that certain tissue-specific miRNAs are frequently downregulated in malignant cells. miR-122 is a liver-specific microRNA. It is abundantly expressed in normal hepatocytes but is absent in many hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We hypothesized that expression of an essential viral gene by a liver-specific promoter would initially restrict virus replication to cells of hepatic origin and that adding miR-122 complementary sequences to the viral gene would make the transcripts degradable by miR-122 in normal hepatocytes, thus further confining its replication to HCC. We have constructed such an oncolytic herpes simplex virus by linking the essential viral glycoprotein H gene with the liver-specific apolipoprotein E (apoE)-AAT promoter and by adding the miR-122a complimentary sequence to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). To further increase the safety of this virus, complementary sequences from miR-124a and let-7 were also engineered into the same 3′UTR. Designated liver-cancer specific oncolytic virus (LCSOV), it was highly selective in killing HCC cells and in shrinking HCC xenografts. We conclude that LCSOV is a highly specific oncolytic virus that can precisely target HCC.
Serum fibrosis markers are associated with liver disease progression in non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: R. J. Fontana, J. L. Dienstag, H. L. Bonkovsky, R. K. Sterling, D. Naishadham, Z. D. Goodman, A. S. F. Lok, E. C. Wright, G. L. Su
Journal: Gut (2010)

A human 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3AS (5-HT3R-AS) subunit has been cloned from an amygdala cDNA library. We report the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the human subunit, which possesses 85% and 84% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat 5-HT3R-AS subunits, respectively. Acting on Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with RNA transcripts of the clone, 5-HT and selective 5-HT3 receptor agonists elicited inwardly directed current responses that displayed desensitization. Such currents were blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by selective and nonselective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists but were unaffected by compounds acting at G protein-linked 5-HT receptors. A quantitative comparison of the pharmacological profiles of human and mouse recombinant 5-HT3R-AS receptor complexes revealed differences in the potencies of some antagonist or agonist compounds tested, the most dramatic example being (+)-tubocurarine, which demonstrated an approximately 1800-fold discrepancy in antagonist potency. In view of the small number of sequence substitutions that occur between the human and mouse homologues of the 5-HT3R-AS in the extracellularly located aminoterminal domain, compounds such as (+)-tubocurarine, in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis, may prove to be valuable in locating amino acid residues that contribute to the ligand binding site(s) of the 5-HT3 receptor. Also, when methodological differences are taken into account, the present study suggests that a homo-oligomeric assembly of human 5-HT3R-AS subunits can account for the distinctive ligand binding properties of human 5-HT3 receptors established in postmortem brain tissue.
Aspartyl-asparagyl β hydroxylase over-expression in human hepatoma is linked to activation of insulin-like growth factor and notch signaling mechanisms
Authors: Chiara M. Cantarini, Suzanne M. de la Monte, Maoyin Pang, Ming Tong, Antonia D'Errico, Franco Trevisani, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Aspartyl-(Asparagyl)-β-hydroxylase (AAH) is overexpressed in various malignant neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The upstream regulation of AAH and its functional role in Notch-mediated signaling and motility in HCC cells was accessed. The mRNA transcript levels of AAH, insulin receptor substrate (IRS), insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors and polypeptides, Notch, Jagged, and HES were measured in 15 paired samples of HCC and adjacent HCC-free human liver biopsy specimens using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of AAH was detected in 87% of the HCC relative to the paired HCC-free liver tissue. IRS-1, IRS-2, and IRS-4 were each overexpressed in 80% of the HCC samples, and IGF-I and IGF-2 receptors were overexpressed in 40% and 100% of the HCCs, respectively. All HCC samples had relatively increased levels of Notch-1 and HES-1 gene expression. Overexpression of AAH led to increased levels of Notch, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct interaction between AAH and Notch as well as its ligand Jagged. In conclusion, contributions to the malignant phenotype of HCC is due to activation of IGF-I and IGF-II signaling that results in over-expression of both AAH and Notch. The functional role of AAH in relation to cell motility has been linked to increased activation of the Notch signaling pathway.
The Napsterisation of learning
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

with cadaveric skin if the patient has insufficient donor skin.Artificial skin substitutes are being increasingly used with good results (see a later article in this series).Several layers of dressings are used to minimise shear at the site of skin grafting.These should not be too tight as swelling often occurs after a burn injury.Once a burn has healed, the area should be regularly moisturised and protected from the sun by sunblock cream or clothing.Physiotherapy may be required to prevent burn contractures.
Peptic ulceration and phenylketonuria: a possible link?
Authors: L G Greeves, D J Carson, J A Dodge
Journal: Gut (1988)

Health services globally and in the UK face challenges from increasing need and rising expectations to inequalities and financial constraints. The UK government has recently published a Public Health Framework for the first time. This has included preventable sight loss as an outcome measure for the nation9s public health reflecting increasing recognition of eye health issues in the broader public health agenda. This presents a real opportunity to improve eye care services at a population level. However, the chief executive of the National Health Service (NHS) has set his own challenge to the NHS to find £20 billion in efficiency savings in the next 3 years in order to maintain services within the available healthcare budget. We have reviewed national routine healthcare data in order to understand the current financial expenditure, activity and outcomes in ophthalmology. Our results have found a wide variation in expenditure in healthcare and activity across the country. We discuss a population based, value-orientated approach to dealing with healthcare issues which will provide a sustainable framework for the future.
Intraductal tubular adenoma, pyloric gland-type, of the pancreas
Authors: H. Fukatsu, H. Kawamoto, K. Tsutsumi, H. Kato, K. Hirao, N. Kurihara, T. Ogawa, E. Ishida, Y. Okamoto, H. Okada, K. Sakaguchi, H. Yanai
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of a pancreatic cystic lesion. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and a cystic lesion of the pancreatic head (Figure [1]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated that the main duct in the pancreatic head was partially narrowed and that the distal main duct was dilated (Figure [2]), although the cystic lesion in the pancreatic head could not be seen. Transpapillary intraductal ultrasound clearly depicted a protruding tumor with a height of about 4.5 mm in the narrowed main duct (Figure [3]). A peroral pancreatoscopic examination was then performed using a cholangioscope (CHF type BP260; Olympus Optical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A fish-egg-like appearance was seen on peroral pancreatoscopy, with mucosal redness in the narrowed main duct (Figure [4]). Cytological examination of pancreatic duct tissue showed mild cellular atypia.
Screening of Blood Donors
Authors: Robert E. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The editorial by Frank Iber, MD (1981;245:849), entitled Easier Decisions in Viral Hepatitis for the Practitioner gives an excellent overview to a frequent, yet often confusing clinical situation. However, his statement that transfused blood is specifically tested for HB [hepatitis B(antigen)], but no test exists for NANB [non-A, non-B hepatitis]; thus, NANB is the most prevalent type occurring due to transfusion may have to be modified in the near future. At the recent annual meeting reported recently ( Medical World News , Feb 2, 1981, pp 10-11) of the American Association of Blood Banks, Richard Kahn, MD, and Harvey Alter, MD, reported on the sixyear, four-center Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses (TTV) study and the two-year National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center Blood Bank study, respectively, with both studies showing a significantly higher risk of NANB hepatitis for patients given blood high in alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly called SGPT). Indications are that
The Practice of Pediatric Neurology
Authors: Gerhard Nellhaus
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is an expanded, more profusely illustrated edition of an already large text, first published seven years ago, on pediatric neurology as practiced in North America, where it is a relatively young subspecialty. Many of its well-known practitioners contributed to both editions, the two editors most heavily. Surveyed are disorders of nervous tissue and of muscle unique to life stages from the fetus to the young adult and disorders of these tissues common to all age groups but affecting the young uniquely. These subjects are addressed in "units" on the neurological examination of the newborn and young child, electroencephalography, and other diagnostic procedures. One wishes for a "unit" on sedating those who cannot hold still for such studies. Many units can be recommended, as that on genetics, not at hand to most practicing physicians. By contrast, "Seizure Disorders" is uneven and limited. The table, "Anticonvulsant drugs for absence and atypical
Domain-generality and the relative pronoun
Authors: José Luis Bermudez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The hypothesis in the target paper is that the cognitive function of language lies in making possible the integration of different types of domain-specific information. The case for this hypothesis must consist, at least in part, of a constructive proposal as to what feature or features of natural language allows this integration to take place. This commentary suggests that the vital linguistic element is the relative pronoun and the possibility it affords of forming relative clauses.