tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IOM Report: Aging US Population, Rising Costs, and Complexity of Cases Add Up to Crisis in Cancer Care
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 18-Trisomy Syndrome —Two New Clinical Variants
Authors: Gerald H. Holman, Bayzar Erkman, David L. Zacharias, H. Frederick Koch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE autosomal trisomy syndrome of numerous congenital anomalies associated with a modal chromosome number of 47, the extra chromosome being either number 17 or 18, is now well established.1 Rece-t reports1 2 3 4 have differed in the identification of the extra autosome, some favoring a designation as, number 181 , 2 and some favoring, number 7.3 , 4 Although precise identification is difficult if not impossible, analysis of the idiograms reported below suggested the extra autosome to be number 18. This symptom complex is therefore referred to asromy 18.The sources cited above have agreed, however, on the major systems involved in most of the . . .
Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: John W. Cochran
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In his lucid discussion of restless legs syndrome (RLS), 1 Dr Feigin describes many of the agents noted to be anecdotally useful in treating this vexing problem. Absent from his list is gabapentin, which has been reported to be effective in RLS. 2 Recently, we successfully treated five patients who suffered from RLS with gababentin. These patients had not responded to treatment with levodopa/carbidopa or clonazepam. They tolerated gabapentin quite well in doses ranging from 300 to 2700 mg/d.  While the neurochemical basis of the action of gabapentin is not known with certainty, it may involve modulation of the action of the GABA receptors, thereby increasing inhibitory activity at some sites in the central nervous system. This provides a rationale for the use of gabapentin in the treatment of RLS.  Controlled trials of gabapentin as well as some of the other agents described by Feigin are needed.
ABSTRACTS AND FILING
Authors: GEORGE X. TRIMBLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Letters and Comments1 October 1967ABSTRACTS AND FILINGGEORGE X. TRIMBLE, M.DGEORGE X. TRIMBLE, M.DSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-4-908 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I want to inform you of my great interest in and support of your new feature of abstracts of articles in the July 1967 issue of the ANNALS. The provision of key words or terms with the summaries is in my opinion an important innovation and, if properly utilized, should be of great help to those who want to develop an effective information retrieval system with respect to the subject matter in the ANNALS.I am confident that as more of your readers become familiar with this methodology various suggestions will be made to render it more... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE X. TRIMBLE, M.D PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPsoraleeae (Abb. 91, 92) 1 October 1967Volume 67, Issue 4Page: 908-910KeywordsInformation retrieval ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prognosis and Treatment of Cardiac Infarction
Authors: C. Papp, K. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1951)

three-year periods of observation there was no evidence of a waning in the degree of protection afforded by the pertussis vaccines.Swabs were taken from 96.4%" of all clinical cases, and in 59.8% a bacteriological confirmation was obtained.Each batch of vaccine gave substantial protection, but the two batches supplied by the Michigan Department of Health gave a considerably greater degree of protection than the others.Vaccines prepared in this country according to the method used by the Michigan Department of Health are now being tested in similar field trials.An investigation is also being made in which the immunizing properties of vaccines as indicated by laboratory tests are being compared with their prophylactic value in the field.The Whooping-cough Immunization Committee and the medical officers of health concerned wish to record their gratitude to the many parents who, in the full knowledge that their children would not necessarily receive pertussis vaccine, consented to take part in the investigation.They also wish to thank Messrs.
ABNORMAL BACTERIAL FLAGELLA
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: JAMA (1927)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In an article entitled Abnormal Bacterial Flagella in Cultures: Their Resemblance to Spirochetes (The Journal, May 1, 1926, p. 1327) I described and pictured various types of detached overgrown bacterial flagella as seen by dark field illumination. This type of illumination brings out forms of extreme thinness not visible by ordinary illumination, the forms that are most readily confused with spirochetes. Since the dark field microscope is extensively used for research on spirochetes, I was concerned chiefly with the appearance of the flagella by dark field, and I omitted to mention that the subject had previously been investigated by bright field and staining methods. I wish to call the attention of those interested in this problem to a paper by Dr. Laura Florence (J. Bacteriol. 6:371 [July] 1921) in which the work on abnormal bacterial flagella as studied by bright field methods is reviewed and extended.
Daily iron during pregnancy improves birth weight
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Understanding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited antibodies to neutralize and protect against emerging variants of concern and other sarbecoviruses is key for guiding vaccine development decisions and public health policies. We show that a clinical stage multivalent SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 RBD-NP) protects mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced disease after a single shot, indicating that the vaccine could allow dose-sparing. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-NP elicits high antibody titers in two non-human primate (NHP) models against multiple distinct RBD antigenic sites known to be recognized by neutralizing antibodies. We benchmarked NHP serum neutralizing activity elicited by RBD-NP against a lead prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike immunogen using a panel of single-residue spike mutants detected in clinical isolates as well as the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. Polyclonal antibodies elicited by both vaccines are resilient to most RBD mutations tested, but the E484K substitution has similar negative consequences for neutralization, and exhibit modest but comparable neutralization breadth against distantly related sarbecoviruses. We demonstrate that mosaic and cocktail sarbecovirus RBD-NPs elicit broad sarbecovirus neutralizing activity, including against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant, and protect mice against severe SARS-CoV challenge even in the absence of the SARS-CoV RBD in the vaccine. This study provides proof of principle that sarbecovirus RBD-NPs induce heterotypic protection and enables advancement of broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines to the clinic.
Relationship between Phosphaturia and Acute Hypercapnia in the Rat
Authors: R. Kent Webb, Philip B. Woodhall, C. Craig Tisher, George Glaubiger, Frank A. Neelon, Roscoe R. Robinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Standard clearance studies were performed in mechanically ventilated intact and acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats to document and characterize the effect of hypercapnia (HC) on urinary phosphorus excretion (UPV). HC as compared to normocapnia (NC) was associated with an increase in UPV in intact (62.5 vs. 7.93 μg/min) and TPTX (30.5 vs. 0.59 μg/min) rats, an increase in filtered load of phosphorus in intact (218 vs. 191 μg/min) and TPTX (243 vs. 146 μg/min) rats, an increase in blood bicarbonate concentration in intact (27.8 vs. 26.0 meq/liter) and TPTX (24.5 vs. 22.3 meq/liter) animals, and a decrease in blood pH in intact (7.15 vs. 7.42) and TPTX (7.07 vs. 7.39) rats. Additional TPTX rats with NC and HC were studied during phosphorus infusion at a comparable filtered load of phosphorus (NC = 307 μg/min and HC = 328 μg/min). UPV was 18.5 μg/min in NC and 85.2 μg/min in HC animals. Intact NC animals infused with NaHCO3 achieved a blood bicarbonate of 45.9 meq/liter compared to 26.0 meq/liter in intact NC NaCl-infused rats. UPV was 10.0 μg/min in the NaHCO3 and 7.93 μg/min in NaCl-infused animals. In intact HC animals infused with NaHCO3, blood pH was 7.36 compared to 7.42 in NC intact NaCl-infused animals. UPV was 83.2 μg/min in the HC bicarbonate-infused and 7.93 μg/min in the NC NaCl-infused rats. These experiments demonstrate that elevated blood carbon dioxide tension per se increases UPV. Increases in filtered load of phosphorus and blood bicarbonate which are associated with HC contribute to the phosphaturia as does parathyroid hormone. The phosphaturia is not dependent upon reduction of extracellular pH.
Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chien-Jen Chen, Hwai-I Yang, Uchenna H. Iloeje
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels can fluctuate markedly during the course of chronic HBV infection. Both case-control and cohort studies have shown a significant, dose-response association between serum HBV DNA levels measured at the time of initial evaluation and the subsequent risk of cirrhosis. A similar direct relationship has been shown for the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. Interventional studies have shown a strong correlation between the indices of disease activity seen on liver biopsy and levels of serum HBV DNA. These studies have also shown that reduction in HBV DNA levels correlate strongly with improvements in liver histology. For patients with HCC, prognosis (including risk of death, metastasis, and recurrence following surgery) is worse with higher serum HBV DNA levels. The preponderance of the evidence in the published literature demonstrates that serum HBV DNA level is an important and independent risk factor for disease progression in chronic hepatitis B. The relative importance of serial HBV DNA measurements, the loss of hepatitis B e and surface antigens, as well as the emergence of HBV mutants in the progression of chronic hepatitis B, especially in young patients, is an important need for future research.
Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction
Authors: R.I. Horwitz, C.M. Viscoli, R.M. Donaldson, C.J. Murray, D.F. Ransohoff, R.I. Horwitz, Lisa Berkman, S.M. Horwitz, D.F. Ransohoff, J. Sindelar
Journal: The Lancet (1990)

The relation of treatment adherence to mortality after a myocardial infarction was investigated among 2175 participants in the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial, which had data for measures of treatment adherence, clinical severity, and the psychological and social features that may influence post-infarction mortality. Overall, patients who did not adhere well to treatment regimen (ie, who took less than or equal to 75% of prescribed medication) were 2.6 times more likely than good adherers to die within a year of follow-up (95% confidence interval, 1.2, 5.6). Poor adherers had an increased risk of death whether they were on propranolol (OR = 3.1) or placebo (OR = 2.5). Furthermore, this increased risk of death for poor adherers was not accounted for by measures of the severity of myocardial infarction, sociodemographic features (eg, race, marital status, education), smoking, or psychological characteristics (high life-stress or social isolation).
Cortical Blindness in Puerperium
Authors: Brij M. Singh
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cortical blindness is most frequently caused by occlusive vascular disease involving both occipital lobes. Two patients had cortical blindness during the puerperium. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 34-year-old primigravida had headache, vomiting, and loss of vision on the fourth day following cesarean section. The pupils were equal and reacted to light; fundi were normal, but optokinetic nystagmus was absent. On the sixth day, blindness persisted, and she had a focal motor and a generalized seizure. Her blood pressure was 210/120 mm Hg, and urine showed 3+ proteinuria. The next day, she could read but experienced well-formed visual hallucinations. Optokinetic nystagmus was present. An EEG showed absence of alpha activity and bilateral bursts of high-amplitude, 2- to 3-Hz activity. On the eighth day, mild, right hemiparesis was noted. A radionuclide brain scan was normal. An EEG showed alpha activity and 4- to 6-Hz bilateral slowing. An
SmithKline Beecham buys US company
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

SmithKline Beecham, a British pharmaceutical group, has announced that it is to buy the American company Sterling Health for $2.9bn (pounds sterling1.8bn). The move will make it the world's largest consumer drugs business. Sterling Health is the non-prescription business of Sterling Winthrop.

Since Smith Kline and French's merger with Beecham in July 1989 the company has always said that its aim is to become the world's leading health care company, not just in pharmaceuticals but in over the counter and other areas too, such as animal health and clinical laboratory testing. Analysts believe that such diversification is becoming increasingly necessary for drug companies …
Biomarkers in Maternal and Newborn Blood Indicate Heightened Fetal Susceptibility to Procarcinogenic DNA Damage
Authors: Frederica P. Perera, Deliang Tang, Yi-Hsuan Tu, Linda Ali Cruz, Mejico Borjas, Tom Bernert, Robin M. Whyatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are widespread air contaminants released by transportation vehicles, power generation, and other combustion sources. Experimental evidence indicates that the developing fetus is more susceptible than the adult to carcinogenic effects of PAHs, although laboratory studies in rodents suggest that the dose to fetal tissues is an order of magnitude lower than that to maternal tissues. To assess fetal versus adult susceptibility to PAHs and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), we compared carcinogen-DNA adducts (a biomarker associated with increased cancer risk) and cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure) in paired blood samples collected from mothers and newborns in New York City. We enrolled 265 nonsmoker African-American and Latina mother-newborn pairs in New York City between 1997 and 2001 (estimated average ambient air BaP concentrations < 0.5 ng/m3). Despite the estimated 10-fold lower fetal dose, mean levels of BaP-DNA adducts as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence were comparable in paired New York City newborn and maternal samples (0.24 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, 45% of newborns with detectable adducts vs. 0.22 per 10(8) nucleotides, 41% of mothers with detectable adducts). However, by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the levels in newborns were higher (p = 0.02). Mean cotinine was higher in newborns than in mothers (1.7 ng/mL, 47% detectable vs. 1.28 ng/mL, 44% detectable). Consistent with our prior study in a Caucasian Polish population, these results indicate increased susceptibility of the fetus to DNA damage and reduced ability to clear ETS constituents. The findings have implications for risk assessment, given the need to protect children as a sensitive subset of the population.
Controlled Comparison of Amikacin and Gentamicin
Authors: Craig R. Smith, Kenneth L. Baughman, Corwin Q. Edwards, John F. Rogers, Paul S. Lietman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Amikacin or gentamicin was used to treat 174 patients with suspected severe gram-negative infections in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Enteric gram-negative bacilli were pathogenic in 71 cases (39 treated with amikacin, and 32 with gentamicin). Amikacin was effective in 10 to 12 bacteremias, 21 of 24 urinary-tract infections, two of five pneumonias and four of six other serious tissue infections. The toal favorable response rate was 77 per cent for amikacin and 78 per cent for gentamicin. Nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity could be evaluated in 124 and 67 cases respectively. Definite nephrotoxicity developed in five of 62 (8 per cent) receiving amikacin and seven of 62 (11 per cent) given gentamicin, and possible nephrotoxicity developed in four patients in both groups. Definite ototoxicity developed in four patients in both groups. Definite otoxicity developed in two of 34 (6 per cent) and three of 30 (10 per cent) respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (by chisquare analysis, P greater than 0.05). The results indicate that amikacin is effective against severe gram-negative infections and is not more and not less ototoxic or nephrotoxic than gentamicin.
US Department of Homeland Security is ill prepared for pandemic, says report
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US Department of Homeland Security has spent millions of dollars on personal protective equipment and antiviral drugs to prepare for pandemic influenza. But a scathing report by the department’s inspector general, John Roth, has said that it failed to assess what supplies it needed and to set up systems to track inventory and replenish out of date equipment and drugs.

“Specifically it [the department] did not have clear and documented methodologies to determine the types and quantities of personal protective equipment and antiviral medical countermeasures it purchased for workforce protection,” said the report.1 “The …
Acute toxicity of gasoline and some additives.
Authors: E Reese, R D Kimbrough
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The acute toxicity of gasoline; its components benzene, toluene, and xylene; and the additives ethanol, methanol, and methyl tertiary butyl ether are reviewed. All of these chemicals are only moderately to mildly toxic at acute doses. Because of their volatility, these compounds are not extensively absorbed dermally unless the exposed skin is occluded. Absorption through the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract is quite efficient. After ingestion, the principal danger for a number of these chemicals, particularly gasoline, is aspiration pneumonia, which occurs mainly in children. It is currently not clear whether aspiration pneumonia would still be a problem if gasoline were diluted with ethanol or methanol. During the normal use of gasoline or mixtures of gasoline and the other solvents as a fuel, exposures would be much lower than the doses that have resulted in poisoning. No acute toxic health effects would occur during the normal course of using automotive fuels.
Resettlement of Refugee Physicians in the United States
Authors: Alex. M. Burgess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

WHEN large population groups are expelled from their homelands, the problem of their resettlement is always difficult. Not only must the people thus displaced become reoriented in communities where language and general customs differ from their own, but also they must fit their varied skills into the patterns of application practiced in the new land. They must cultivate new habits and new technics and even at times new ideals and attitudes toward their jobs, their colleagues and their communities. Although these differences relate principally to superficial matters and the basic virtues and vices are much the same throughout the civilized . . .
von Willebrand factor propeptide and the phenotypic classification of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Yvonne V. Sanders, Dafna Groeneveld, Karina Meijer, Karin Fijnvandraat, Marjon H. Cnossen, Johanna G. van der Bom, M. Coppens, Joke de Meris, Britta A. P. Laros-van Gorkom, Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, Frank W. G. Leebeek, Jeroen Eikenboom
Journal: Blood (2015)
Alcoholic Women in Medicine: Still Homeless
Authors: Emanuel M. Steindler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Alcoholism and other drug dependencies in women have been coming out into the open, coterminous with women leaving the home and entering the work force. Part of what is now recognized as being a major drug addiction problem in women has been there all along—it was simply hidden behind residential walls. Much of it is new, however, and apparently linked to the stresses and pressures of changing roles, the competing demands of occupational pursuits and raising children, the breakdown of the nuclear family, and other social and economic phenomena.<sup>1,2</sup> We are just at the threshold of being able to understand the influence of such factors on the inception and manifestation of alcoholism, yet one piece of information that has already emerged is that alcoholism expresses itself differently in women and in men.<sup>3</sup>For instance, more women than men use sedative drugs in addition to alcohol. Women tend to