tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of the Selective Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist Ondansetron in the Treatment of Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Pinkhas Sirota, Tanya Mosheva, Hertzel Shabtay, Nir Giladi, Amos D. Korczyn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ondansetron, a selective serotonin 3 receptor antagonist, in patients with tardive dyskinesia. METHOD: Twenty patients with schizophrenia who had neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia were given 12 mg/day of ondansetron for 12 weeks in an open-label study. RESULTS: Administration of ondansetron resulted in a statistically significant improvement in tardive dyskinesia and psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron may be an effective and safe therapy to control tardive dyskinesia and psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.
Supportive Housing Cuts Costs of Caring for the Chronically Homeless
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression of Multidrug-Resistance (MDR1) Gene in Normal Epithelia and in Invasive Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: G. F. Riou, D. Zhou, J.-C. Ahomadegbe, M. Gabillot, P. Duvillard, C. Lhomme
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Total RNA from 92 invasive cervical cancers was analyzed for the presence of multidrug-resistance (MDR1) gene (also known as PGY1) transcripts. A 4.5-kilobase MDR1 transcript band was detected in 40 (43%) of 92 invasive cervical carcinomas and in 15 (68%) of 22 normal cervices. MDR1 levels were low [mean, 2.5 arbitrary units (U)] except in one liver metastasis (50 U) treated with a drug regimen including vincristine. Of eight carcinomas treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, seven (88%) exhibited MDR1 transcripts as compared with 24 (35%) of 69 untreated carcinomas (Fisher's exact test; P = .01). In conclusion, our data suggest that the MDR1 gene plays a role in drug resistance of certain cervical cancers, but also that other mechanisms may be involved.
Clinical and Experimental Studies on Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Chuichi Kawai, Tadasu Takatsu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

CARDIOMYOPATHY, a heart-muscle disorder of unknown cause, can be classified as hypertrophic or congestive on the basis of the functional abnormalities.1 According to Goodwin and Oakley, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diastolic failure of the left ventricle due to a loss of its normal distensibility, with slow ventricular filling, rigidity of the hypertrophied chamber and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, the height of which marks the severity and extensiveness of myocardial involvement; systolic function is normal.1 Congestive cardiomyopathy, on the other hand, is characterized by poor systolic function with decreased left ventricular ejectile force, low cardiac output, congestive heart failure, . . .
Positron Emission Tomography for Treatment Evaluation and Recurrence Detection Compared with CT in Long-Term Follow-up Cases of Lung Cancer
Authors: KAZUO KUBOTA, SUSUMU YAMADA, KIICHI ISHIWATA, MASATOSHI ITO, TATSUO IDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Two cases of lung cancer were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) using L-[methyl-C-11]methionine (C-11 Met) and CT scans five to six times during long-term follow-up after radiotherapy. In a large cell carcinoma with mediastinal invasion, C-11 Met tumor uptake showed a rapid decrease after radiotherapy, corresponding to clinical improvement, and detected recurrence at 11 months, as confirmed by biopsy. Tumor volume by CT showed no significant changes during this time. A squamous cell carcinoma of the superior sulcus (Pancoast type) showed rapid changes in C-11 Met tumor uptake and similar changes in tumor volume during two courses of radiotherapy and recurrence over a period of 25 months. PET evaluation of tumor viability seems to be valuable for treatment evaluation, and results match the tumor volume changes measured by CT.
Sense of Coherence – A Mediator between Disability and Handicap?
Authors: Ulrich Schnyder, Stefan Büchi, Hanspeter Mörgeli, Tom Sensky, Richard Klaghofer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was first to analyze the associations between disability and handicap and Antonovsky’s concept of sense of coherence (SOC); secondly, to find out how the SOC concept could be integrated in the WHO model of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps (ICIDH). &lt;i&gt;Methods: &lt;/i&gt;Data from two studies were used: one on patients with rheumatoid arthritis, one on severely injured accident victims. Objective measures of the illness or the injury were conceptualized as indicator variables for disability, whereas variables related to the patients’ subjective judgement were conceptualized as indicator variables for handicap. Correlations were calculated between both sets of variables and the SOC scale total score. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; SOC showed no significant correlation with ‘disability variables’ (rheumatoid arthritis: HAQ, SF36 physical functioning; accidental injuries: ISS, GCS). However, significant correlations were found between SOC and all ‘handicap variables’ (rheumatoid arthritis: HAD, SF36 social functioning; accidental injuries: CAPS-2, IES, SCL-90-R depression subscale). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; SOC is related to the psychosocial effects of health problems. It may be understood as a mediator between disability and handicap. Prospective studies are needed to clarify whether the SOC scale can be used as an outcome predictor with regard to psychosocial adaptation, in acute as well as in chronic health problems.
Dr Kahn's Museum: obscene anatomy in Victorian London
Authors: A. W. Bates
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Dr Joseph Kahn's Anatomical and Pathological Museum was the 19th century's best-known and most visited public museum of anatomy. Established in England in 1851, at the height of popular interest in anatomy, Kahn's museum was intended to show the ‘wondrous’ structure of the body and to warn of the harmful consequences to health of abuses that ‘distort or defile’ its ‘beautiful structure’. Its subsequent decline into a front for the sale of quack remedies for venereal disease damaged the reputation of anatomy museums. After 22 years, and several bizarre legal cases, opposition from self-appointed representatives of the medical profession and anti-vice campaigners forced it to close. The successful prosecution of Kahn's museum under the Obscene Publications Act of 1857 branded all public display of anatomical specimens as potentially obscene. Thereafter, anatomical education was restricted to medical professionals and public anatomy survived only in sideshows. The public anatomical museum has remained, for increasingly outdated reasons, a lost opportunity.
UK government to spend £1bn on development research in next five years
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Development research in the United Kingdom won support from three sources this week with the publication of the United Kingdom’s first five year strategy on research, new research funding, and the opening of the UK’s largest academic centre in the discipline.

Speaking at the opening of the London International Development Centre, Douglas Alexander, the secretary of state for international development, stressed the increasingly important role that research would play in providing longer term support to people in developing countries who have to adapt to a changing world.

With increasing food prices very much on his mind Mr Alexander said that he hoped more anticipatory research would help to recognise future challenges and how to deal with them.

“The number of people in hunger is …
Rethinking Composite End Points in Clinical Trials
Authors: Joshua M. Stolker, John A. Spertus, David J. Cohen, Philip G. Jones, Kaushik K. Jain, Emily Bamberger, Brady B. Lonergan, Paul S. Chan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Many clinical trials use composite end points to reduce sample size, but the relative importance of each individual end point within the composite may differ between patients and researchers.We asked 785 cardiovascular patients and 164 clinical trial authors to assign 25 "spending weights" across 5 common adverse events comprising composite end points in cardiovascular trials: death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for angina. We then calculated end point ratios for each participant's ratings of each nonfatal end point relative to death. Whereas patients assigned an average weight of 5 to death, equal or greater weight was assigned to myocardial infarction (mean ratio, 1.12) and stroke (ratio, 1.08). In contrast, clinical trialists were much more concerned about death (average weight, 8) than myocardial infarction (ratio, 0.63) or stroke (ratio, 0.53). Both patients and trialists considered revascularization (ratio, 0.48 and 0.20, respectively) and hospitalization (ratio, 0.28 and 0.13, respectively) as substantially less severe than death. Differences between patient and trialist end point weights persisted after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics (P<0.001 for all comparisons).Patients and clinical trialists did not weigh individual components of a composite end point equally. Whereas trialists are most concerned about avoiding death, patients place equal or greater importance on reducing myocardial infarction or stroke. Both groups considered revascularization and hospitalization as substantially less severe. These findings suggest that equal weights in a composite clinical end point do not accurately reflect the preferences of either patients or trialists.
Hypoglycaemia and antimalarial drugs: quinidine and release of insulin.
Authors: R E Phillips, S Looareesuwan, N J White, P Chanthavanich, J Karbwang, W Supanaranond, R C Turner, D A Warrell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Life threatening hypoglycaemia has been closely associated with the use of quinine, but the effect of quinidine and the synthetic antimalarials on the homoeostasis of glucose has not been investigated. In volunteers given a fixed dose of 500 mg base and patients with malaria given a quinidine loading dose (15 mg base/kg) mean (SEM) plasma insulin concentrations rose from 6.1 (1.5) mU/l to 10.9 (4.4) mU/l (p less than 0.02) and 10.4 (2.0) mU/l to 18.5 (5.3) mU/l (p less than 0.04), respectively. Plasma glucose concentrations fell from 4.5 (1.1) mmol/l (81 (20) mg/100 ml) to 4.0 (0.3) mmol/l (72 (5) mg/100 ml) in volunteers (p less than 0.04) and from 5.7 (1.3) mmol/l (102 (23) mg/100 ml) to 4.8 (1.6) mmol/l (86 (29) mg/100 ml) in patients (p less than 0.05). One of two patients with cerebral malaria and acute renal failure became profoundly hypoglycaemic (plasma glucose concentration 1.4 mmol/l (25 mg/100 ml), plasma insulin concentration 3.1 mU/l). Hypoglycaemia may occur in any severely ill fasting patient given parenteral quinidine. The other antimalarials tested, chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, and halofantrine, did not stimulate the release of insulin, an important advantage that should be taken into account when treatment is chosen for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Bizarre and Wide QRS After Liver Transplant—Quiz Case
Authors: Colleen J. Johnson, Melvin A. Scheinman, Mintu P. Turakhia
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Genetic alterations of the cohesin complex genes in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Swapna Thota, Aaron D. Viny, Hideki Makishima, Barbara Spitzer, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Ross L. Levine, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2014)
Treatment of Nasal Duct Obstruction.
Authors: Casey A. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Feb. 3, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —If I may be permitted to add a few words to Dr. Wandless' letter on this subject I would say that the statement of Dr. Taylor, regarding the frequent failure of probing for the cure of stricture of the soft parts, is largely borne out by the facts. As practiced by the average ophthalmic surgeon the use of probes accomplishes very little toward relieving the lachrymation and other annoying symptoms. Indeed, stricture of the naso-lachrymal duct has long been one of the opprobria of eye surgery and when one considers the pathology of this condition we have at once an explanation of such an unsatisfactory state of affairs. Suppose the general surgeon were to rest content with an internal urethrotomy in these cases which, pathologically, closely resemble the simple form of nasal duct obstruction; what would be the probable result six months afterward?
MB-31 * MicroRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN TISSUE AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AID IN MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: R. Lulla, J. Laskowski, Y. Bi, S. Goldman, J. Fangusaro, V. Gopalakrishnan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Recent progress in medulloblastoma biology has confirmed the presence of 4 clinically and molecularly distinct subgroups. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in cancer, including pediatric central nervous system tumors. We aim to determine if microRNA expression can aid in the molecular classification of medulloblastoma in tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: RNA purification from 41 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded primary medulloblastoma samples was performed. TaqMan® miRNA assays were used to quantify the levels of 762 mature miRNAs from each sample using the Applied Biosystems 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR system. Molecular subgrouping using established gene sets was performed using the Nanostring® platform. Clinical, pathologic and outcome data was collected on all patients. In a separate cohort of patients with medulloblastoma, expression of circulating miRNA was quantified in CSF at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Molecular subgrouping by gene expression classified tumors into WNT (n = 6), Shh (n = 5), Group 3 (n = 11) and Group 4 (n = 19) tumors. Clinical and outcome data was consistent with previously published cohorts. Consensus clustering by microRNA expression is not sufficient for molecular subgrouping. Independent of subgroup, the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis was associated with high levels of miR-373 (p = 0.003) and miR-213 (p = 0.003) and expression of miR-497 was associated with poor overall survival (p = <.001). Highly expressed, subgroup specific miRNAs including miR-9 and miR-409-3p (WNT), miR-10a and miR-10b (Shh), miR-497 (Group 3) and miR 181a-2 (Group 4) were identified. CSF of newly diagnosed patients with medulloblastoma (n = 7) revealed high expression of tumor specific microRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA expression patterns alone are not sufficient for molecular subgrouping in pediatric medulloblastoma. However, over-expression of individual microRNAs are associated with presence of metastatic disease and overall survival. Subgroup specific microRNAs may aid in classification and serve as circulating biomarkers of disease.
RESTING CORONARY BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY IS CONSTANT ACROSS ALL STENOSIS SEVERITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TANDEM LESION AND PULLBACK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Tim van de Hoef, Ricardo Petraco da Cunha, Sayan Sen, Martijn Meuwissen, Rodney A. Foale, Martijn Van Lavieren, Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Iqbal Malik, Ghada Mikhail, Alun Hughes, Darrel Francis, Jamil Mayet, Javier Escaned, Carlo Di Mario, Jan Piek, Justin Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ventricular Tachycardia during Cardiac Catheterization of Patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: ROBERT A. BRUCE, PAUL N. G. YU, FRANK W. LOVEJOY, MARION E. MCDOWELL, RAYMOND PEARSON
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Cardiac catheterization of a patient with probable Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was attempted to clarify the possibility of coexistent congenital heart disease. Introduction of the catheter into the heart induced a multifocal ventricular tachycardia which endangered the life of the patient. After quinidine and other drugs had failed to control the arrhythmia that persisted for nine hours, a prompt and gratifying conversion to supraventricular tachycardia, and subsequently to sinus rhythm, followed the intravenous administration of atropine sulfate.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Left Ventricle and Left Atria Endocardial Calcifications Following Chemotherapy
Authors: Soulef Guendouz, Otilia Buicuic, Matthias Kirsch, Nicole Benaiem, Jean-Ernest Poulard, Jean Francois Deux, Luc Hittinger, Marcel Peltier, Thibaud Damy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in patients with paroxysmal slowing of the sinus rate and apparent Mobitz type II atrioventricular block.
Authors: B Massie, M M Scheinman, R Peters, J Desai, D Hirschfeld, J O'Young
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Over five years, 13 patients with episodic apparent type II atrioventricular (AV) block associated with sinus slowing were seen. This phenomenon occurred only transiently during an acute illness in eight patients (group I) but recurred chronically in five (groupII). For the group as a whole, the mean spontaneous cycle length was 42% longer during the period of AV block compared with periods of 1:1 AV conduction (800 +/- 116 msec to 1138 +/- 489 msec) (P less than 0.05). Electrophysiologic studies in four group I patients showed no abnormalities, whereas abnormalities in AV nodal conduction and refractoriness or provocation of intranodal Mobitz type II AV block (during carotid massage) were observed in three patients in group II and were totally abolished by atropine. In group I patients, apparent type II AV block was self-limited. In the chronic group, recurrent symptoms required insertion of permanent pacemakers in two patients. Simultaneous type II block and sinus slowing appeared to be related to the effects of increased vagal tone on both nodal structures. Intracardiac pacing is not indicated for patients with transient episodes associated with an acute illness, but may be required for symptomatic patients with recurrent episodes.
Diagnosing ICD-10 Depressive Episodes: Superior Criterion Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire
Authors: Bernd Löwe, Kerstin Gräfe, Stephan Zipfel, Steffen Witte, Bernd Loerch, Wolfgang Herzog
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

Diagnosing and monitoring depression in primary care remains an issue of significant public health concern. Clinicians and researchers need to know if any one screening instrument is superior to the others in diagnosing ICD-10 depressive episodes. This study aimed to examine the criterion validity for diagnosing ICD-10 depressive episodes of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in comparison with 2 well-established instruments, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the WHO Well-Being Index 5 (WBI-5).Five hundred and one medical outpatients completed the questionnaires and had a clinical interview. The presence of a depressive episode was determined with the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) for ICD-10 as the criterion standard. Coefficient kappa (kappa), sensitivities and specificities were calculated and a statistical comparison of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves was performed.Diagnostic agreement between the questionnaires and the IDCL was moderate (kappa=0.34-0.56), with the highest values for the PHQ. While all 3 questionnaires had reasonable sensitivity and specificity, the operating characteristics for the PHQ were significantly superior to both the HADS and the WBI-5 (p=0.02).Any of the 3 screening instruments can be recommended for clinical use. However, this is the first comparative study to demonstrate the diagnostic advantage of a particular depression-screening instrument using the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The superior criterion validity of the PHQ is likely attributable to its closer representation of the current concept of depressive disorders.
Virologic Outcomes of Complex Drug Regimens for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Andrew Carr
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal