tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Metabolites in Rat Muscle following Trauma: A <sup>31</sup>P and <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: D B Sprague, D G Gadian, S R Williams, E Proctor, A W Goode
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Hind limb skeletal muscle was studied in vivo in a rat trauma model using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The model used was a 25% body surface area, full-thickness burn administered under anaesthesia. Two groups of six rats were studied. Weight loss was observed in the experimental group whilst the control group continued to gain weight. Concentration ratios involving intramyocellular phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine (Cr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), anserine (Ans) and taurine (Tau) were measured. No change in the ratios of PCr/Pi, PCr/ATP, Ans/PCr + Cr and Tau/PCr + Cr were seen between the two groups. Intracellular pH was the same in the two groups. NMR spectroscopy in vivo gives values of Pi and PCr that differ from those obtained by conventional techniques. NMR values are probably more accurate as no degradation occurs during measurement, the measurements being repeatable and noninvasive.
Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on LDL Accumulation in the Artery Wall
Authors: K.A. Roberts, A.A. Rezai, K.E. Pinkerton, J.C. Rutledge
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Previous research has shown that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of atherosclerosis. To test the hypothesis that exposure to ETS increases LDL accumulation in the artery wall, we developed a model to measure the rate of LDL accumulation in individually perfused rat carotid arteries after the artery had been perfused with plasma taken from rats exposed to ETS (ETS-plasma). Methods and Results Rats were exposed to ETS in a chamber in which steady-state sidestream smoke was continuously circulating. After exposure, blood from the animals was collected. Carotid arteries from unexposed rats were perfused first with normal plasma containing fluorescently labeled LDL. Then, the same arteries (10 arteries from five rats) were perfused with ETS-plasma plus fluorescently labeled LDL. Photometric measurements were made during perfusion of the arteries with fluorescently labeled LDL, and rate of LDL accumulation (mV/min) and lumen volume (mV) (volume of fluorescently labeled LDL solution) were determined. Perfusion with ETS-plasma increased the rate of LDL accumulation (mean±SEM, 6.9±1.8 mV/min) compared with control (1.6±0.40 mV/min, P ≤.02). LDL accumulation was primarily dependent on LDL interaction with ETS-plasma rather than the interaction of ETS-plasma with the artery wall. Also, ETS-plasma significantly increased lumen volume (43.3±5.1 mV) compared with control (35.1±4.4 mV, P ≤.005). Conclusions Exposure to ETS acutely increased LDL accumulation in perfused arteries. Repeated exposure to ETS may represent important early events in atherogenesis.
Telomere length and elevated iron: The influence of phenotype and <i>HFE</i> genotype
Authors: Arch G. Mainous, Robert U. Wright, Mary M. Hulihan, Waleed O. Twal, Christine E. McLaren, Vanessa A. Diaz, Gordon D. McLaren, W. Scott Argraves, Althea M. Grant
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Elevated body iron stores are associated with morbidity and mortality due to oxidative stress. Hereditary hemochromatosis, a common condition caused by HFE gene mutations, can lead to excess iron storage and disease but clinical penetrance of HFE gene mutations is low and many people with elevated iron stores lack HFE mutations. We analyzed data from the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study to assess the relationship among HFE genotype (individuals with either homozygous or compound heterozygous status for C282Y and/or H63D HFE mutations were defined as genotype positive, or G+), elevated iron phenotype (individuals exceeding gender-specific transferrin saturation and serum ferritin threshold levels were considered phenotype positive, or P+), and leukocyte telomere length, a marker of biological aging and cumulative oxidative stress. In unadjusted analyses in comparison to individuals who were G-P-, G+P- were not significantly different (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.26-2.04), while the G+P+ (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.15-3.56), and G-P+ (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.5-3.29) had increased risk of short telomeres (<=25th percentile) rather than long telomeres (>=75th percentile). In analyses adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, the effect of individuals with elevated iron phenotypes having short telomeres persisted with G+P+ individuals (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.02-3.72), and G-P+ individuals (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.39-3.39) being significantly different from the G-P- group. In conclusion, elevated iron phenotype, but not HFE genotype, was associated with shortened telomeres. Further studies will be needed to determine whether telomere length provides a marker for morbidities specifically associated with iron overload.
Coronary thrombolysis by intravenous infusion of recombinant single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator or recombinant urokinase in baboons: Effect on regional blood flow, infarct size and hemostasis
Authors: Willem Flameng, Johan Vanhaecke, David C. Stump, Frans Van de Werf, William Holmes, Wolfgang A. Guenzler, Leopold Flohe, Désiré Collen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Abnormal ECG in Clinically Normal Individuals
Authors: Charles Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE ECG is a record of the changing potential of an electrical field generated by the heart and may not always reflect accurately the electrical activity of the heart per se. The clinical diagnosis extracted from the ECG is based on studies correlating clinical, anatomical, pathological, and experimental findings coupled with careful, frequently purely deductive, analysis of numerous records. In reality, therefore, the ECG reflects largely an empirical body of information that can be used, within limits, to identify anatomical, metabolic, ionic, and hemodynamic changes. Despite this basic limitation, the ECG is an extremely useful clinical tool. It is the only practical method of recording the electrical behavior of the heart. It is often an independent marker of myocardial disease and, occasionally, the only indication of a pathological process. Since the ECG reflects an electrical phenomenon, it is not surprising that it may be normal in the presence of cardiac
Localization of a gene causing cystinuria to chromosome 2p
Authors: Elon Pras, Nadir Arber, Ivona Aksentijevich, Giora Katz, Jonathan M. Schapiro, Leandrea Prosen, Luis Gruberg, Daniela Harel, Uri Liberman, Jean Weissenbach, Mordechai Pras, Daniel L. Kastner
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Allergy, asthma and markers of infections among Albanian migrants to Southern Italy
Authors: M. T. Ventura, G. Munno, F. Giannoccaro, F. Accettura, M. Chironna, R. Lama, M. Hoxha, V. Panetta, L. Ferrigno, F. Rosmini, P. M. Matricardi, S. Barbuti, A. Priftanji, S. Bonini, A Tursi
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Studies of immigrants represent an useful tool to determine the relative relevance of environmental vs genetic factors in causing the reported rapid increase of the prevalence of sensitization and allergic diseases. Methods: A total of 152 Albanian migrants to Southern Italy responded to a questionnaire based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and 139 of them underwent skin prick test, and 61 serological assays for total IgE and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (TG), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP). Results: Reported asthma was rare (2/152; 1.3%) and reported nasal allergies rather frequent (24/152; 15.8%). Sensitization to common inhalant allergens occurred in 27/139 (19.4%) subjects. The frequency of skin sensitization to pollen ( P = 0.003) and that of hay fever ( P = 0.004) increased with the time spent in Apulia. All the 61 sera had antibodies against HAV, 59/61 (96.7%) against HSV‐1, 48/61 (78.7%) against HP and 34/61 (55.7%) against TG. The prevalence of skin sensitization and hay fever symptoms were correlated to the duration of residence in Southern Italy. Conclusions: Data presented indicate that Albanian migrants to Italy, in spite of the low prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in their country of origin, manifest with time an increasing prevalence of sensitization to local allergens and nasal symptoms after immigration to Italy. This would suggest a permanent role of allergen exposure and lifestyle factors in influencing the appearance of sensitization and symptoms of allergic diseases.
On the Employment of Digitalis in Acute Febrile Disease
Authors: H. F. A. Goodridge
Journal: BMJ (1885)

%me of these fluid collections solidify, or become absorbed, or re- main quiescent.Yet in those cases where necrosed bone exists in conjunction with an abscess, and thedeadbone is acting as an exciting f%ptor of mischief, a dependent opening should be made in the loin or bsck, and the sequestra removed.I have frequently discussed this operation with the late Mr. C. F. Maunder, of the London Hospital, and have performed the operation so far back as May, 1879.Permit me to draw your attention also to this girl's case, who is now quite well, and wearing a plaster-of-Paris jacket in Percy Ward (March, 1885).A. R., aged 19, housemaid, has been under my care (off and on) for the last six years, and was readmitted this year, suffering from diseased lumbar spine and psoas abscess on the right side, discharging in the centre of Scarpa's triangle.She was compelled, in 1882, to have her right abscess opened; I removed, by open incision, 60 fluid ounces of pus, in March, and kept her at rest in bed for three months, washing out the labscess-cavity with weak iodine-solutions.The operation was demanded by reason of her right leg and thigh becoming greatly swollen, by pressure on the common, external, and internal iliac veins on that side.She made a complete recovery, and left for Brighton on July 11th, 1882, with the wound closed, and a spinal jacket put on by hammock-suspension.Early this year, 1885, she was readmitted, because the old wound had reopened ; and was discharg- ing a tablespoonful of pus daily.Again she was well nourished, well nursed, and well rested and again, in March, 1885, she was dis- chargecd with the wound closed, and a new jacket on.She has had spinal jackets adjusted in 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, and 1885 ; all have been very good ones, and the last two have 'been worn as ordinary clothing, by addition of eyelet-holes and lacing, after cut- ting open the c)linder.While on the subject of psoas abscess, I will give you a sketch, showing the relationship of parts as they pass beneath Poupai t's liga- ment, and an easy way of remembering the same.Youi will notice that the initial letters of In Par-vo give the initial key to the following structures: 1 I. Iliacus muscle ; 2. N. Nerve -anterior crural; 3. P. Psoas muscle 4. Ar.Femoral artery ; 5. V. Femoral vein; 6. 0 Femoral opening This mnemoriaz technicas carries multum in varvo; I generally mentionied. it to my class, when lecturing, on anatomiy; somie of you may find( it worth remembering as surgeons.There is an interesting clinical fact in this girl's case, corroboratinig Claude Bernard's experiments on the control exercised by the syin- THE BBRTISHiMEDICAL JOURNAL.TABLE I.-CroupoUw Pneumosia.
Autonomy and Ethics in Action
Authors: Eric J. Cassell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The importance of the article, "Autonomy for Burned Patients When Survival Is Unprecedented" (p. 308, this issue), is that it shows that ethics in medicine is not something restricted to pieties in conference rooms or seminars; it is, like the sciences of medicine, a necessary, useful and productive basis for action.In their article, Imbus and Zawacki describe an approach to the patient whose burns are so extensive that "survival is unprecedented." The burn-care team came to realize that the decision to extend maximum therapeutic effort rather than supportive care could not be made by the physician or medical team . . .
273 FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT PANCREATOBILIARY TRACT STRICTURES IN PATIENTS WITH JAUNDICE
Authors: M. Sartori, M. Orsello, F. Montino, M. Ballarè, M. Balzarini, E. Garello, R. Boldorini, A. Paganotti, S. Andorno, M. Del Piano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effects of bromocriptine on pituitary tumour size.
Authors: A M McGregor, M F Scanlon, R Hall, K Hall
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a prospective study designed to assess the influence of bromocriptine on pituitary tumour size 12 patients with pituitary tumours, eight of whom had suprasellar extensions, were treated for three months with 20 mg of bromocriptine daily after a gradual increase to this dose. The group comprised eight women and four men, five with prolactin-secreting adenomas, four with acromegaly, two with functionless adenomas, and one with Nelson's syndrome. All five patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas showed a reduction in pituitary tumour size as assessed by computerised tomography and metrizamide cisternography accompanied by a fall in prolactin concentrations and clinical and biochemical improvement in their hypopituitarism. One patient in this group had a visual-field defect before treatment, and this resolved. There was no radiological evidence of reduction in tumour size in the remaining seven patients, though this might refect the fairly short duration of treatment, particularly in view of the ancillary evidence of clinical, biochemical, and visual-field improvement in some of the patients. These results emphasise the potential value of bromocriptine in treating patients with large prolactinomas or recurrences of such tumours after previous chiasmal decompression and conventional external megavoltage irradiation on the pituitary.
Product liability in respect of drugs.
Authors: A L Diamond, D R Laurence
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Two professors, one of law and the other of pharmacology, trace the development of English law on compensation for injuries caused by defective drugs and examine the Vaccine Damage Payments Act of 1980, which established a no-fault system of compensation for vaccine injuries for a limited number of diseases. They discuss two possible approaches to handling compensation for drug-induced injuries in the future--use of the law of "strict liability" or creation of a no-fault system. The authors propose a model no-fault scheme and urge that the principal interested parties develop such a no-fault system without waiting for government action.
Lamellar ichthyosis is markedly improved by a noval combination of emollients
Authors: A. Gnemo, A. Vahlquist
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Lamellar ichthyosis is markedly improved by a noval combination of emollients Get access A. Gnemo, A. Gnemo Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Vahlquist A. Vahlquist Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1 December 1997, Pages 1017–1018, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01574.x Published: 01 December 1997
Hunt wants to be "most pro-GP health secretary in a generation"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

GPs will be freed from some targets so that they can make general practice more “proactive,” England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, promised on 3 October.

Speaking to the annual conference of the Royal College of General Practitioners in Harrogate, Hunt said that the NHS would not be sustainable without a radical transformation of out of hospital care. He said he wanted “GPs to be at the heart of that transformation.”

In the next year general practice will need to start to become more proactive, to integrate sooner with social care, and to share electronic patient records it holds with other services, …
Transferring healthcare for immigration detainees in England to the NHS
Authors: H. Pickles, N. Hartree
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Should improve services, particularly for those with mental illness 

Of the organisational changes that will come into force on 1 April 2013, one is most welcome. The NHS in England will become responsible for the healthcare of people detained in all immigration removal centres. This change could improve services for a vulnerable group of patients. Until now, healthcare provision for those detained under the Immigration Act has mostly been provided by private companies contracted to the UK Border Agency—in effect, a backwater of publicly funded healthcare that many would describe as failing. From April, the NHS Commissioning Board becomes responsible for the contracts, alongside those for healthcare in prisons. This has been a long time coming.

Asylum seekers and “irregular” migrants (those without a valid visa) can be held in immigration removal centres indefinitely while their cases are determined. For asylum seekers, this may occur at any stage of the asylum process, but mostly at the start (if claims are “fast tracked”) or at the end (if the asylum claim has been refused). The number of places for detainees has increased in the past two decades from 250 in 1993 to more than 3200. Private companies run …
Ash pollen immunoproteomics: Identification, immunologic characterization, and sequencing of 6 new allergens
Authors: Salvador Mas, María Torres, María Garrido-Arandia, Guillermo Salamanca, Lourdes Castro, Patricia Barral, Ashok Purohit, Gabrielle Pauli, Rosalía Rodríguez, Eva Batanero, Rodrigo Barderas, Mayte Villalba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Nocturnal Asthma and Changes in Circulating Epinephrine, Histamine, and Cortisol
Authors: Peter Barnes, Garret FitzGerald, Morris Brown, Colin Dollery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

NOCTURNAL and early morning wheezing is very common in asthmatics, 13 but the mechanisms are far from clear. The clinical importance of this symptom is underlined by the fact that many sudden deaths from asthma and many episodes of ventilatory arrest occur in the early morning.4 , 5 Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain nocturnal wheezing. There is little evidence that allergic factors such as house-dust mites in bedding have a major role, 6 and the same pattern of airway obstruction is observed in patients with nonatopic (intrinsic) asthma.3 Neither the supine posture nor sleep patterns appear to be important, and sleeping itself . . .
SOME PRINCIPLES IN THE MODERN TREATMENT OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: W. S. C. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1930)

THtE classifi'-ation of tIle val-ions formis of rhelmluatishtl genelallly met with varalies in differenit countries-as does also tile acitual type of disease.This lack of 'uniformitv in nomen- clature is one of the cauises of tiie slow l)progless in tile studly of thtis grouIp of diseases utp to tue pleselit tiunie.CLASSIFIC4TION OF RIIEtM STIC DISEASEs.The followinig classificationi prolposed 1y the Br-itisht Miinistr-y of Health in its report (J.Ali.son; Glover, 1924) is niow%, genierally adopted.GRoU-P -A.1.Rlieumatic fevei.2. Suhacute rheumatism.GROUP B. Non-articular nmailifestat ioi1s.3. MIuscular rhieumatismii (nlyvagia), illclundiIlg fibr-ositis, pleurodynia, anid tolticollis. 4. Lumnibago; classified alonie o01 alccoillit of its occupa- tional interest.5. Sciatica anid bIracIia lieuiitis.GRouP C. Clhr-onic joiIit cliailges.6. Rlleumatoid arthiritis (infective prri.
Ruptured Baker's Cyst Simulating Acute Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Raphael F. Kilcoyne
Journal: JAMA (1978)

POPLITEAL synovial cysts (Baker's cysts) commonly occur in patients with a chronic knee-joint effusion whether related to trauma, degenerative change, or an inflammatory process. 1 -3 Ruptured cysts that dissect into the calf can produce severe pain that simulates thrombophlebitis.  Arthrography is a useful tool for diagnosing extrameniscal lesions of the knee joint. We have recently encountered three patients with ruptured Baker's cysts initially suspected of having thrombophlebitis. Each complained of pain and swelling in the calf, ankle, or knee. None had a history of rheumatoid arthritis or meniscal cartilage tear. In each instance, arthrography was delayed because of a failure to recognize the existence of a knee-joint problem.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 22-year-old woman had two episodes of acute swelling and pain in the left ankle and calf within two weeks. She had experienced intermittent knee swelling for the past eight years. Because of persistent pain and
A Comparison of the Responses of 100 Infants to Primary Poliomyelitis Immunization with Two and with Three Doses of Vaccine
Authors: F. T. Perkins, R. Yetts, W. Gaisford
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MEDCAL JOURNL can be felt if the blood pressure is sustained for longer than four hours.Only one death in this series followed a prolonged pressor response.Intermittent injection of metaraminol has proved successful in maintaining the blood pressure for several days if necessary.Unnecessarily frequent injections of small doses were used initially in order to avoid the hazard of a severe pressor response.With more experience, fewer doses of larger amounts have been used.The frequency of injection has been determined by repeated blood-pressure estimations at 10or 15- minute intervals, metaraminol being given whenever the systolic pressure fell to 85 mm.Hg or less.No tachyphylaxis has occurred with this drug as was met with in two patients receiving mephentermine.In a further two cases metaraminol proved effective when mephentermine had failed to raise the pressure.This study was not intended as a comparison of the pressor effects of these two drugs, but solely to assess the value of metaraminol.No doubt the use of increasingly large doses of mephentermine would have achieved a pressor response in these patients.However, the repeated efficiency of identical doses of metaraminol has proved of great value.lt would appear that metaraminol is the drug of choice for intermittent parenteral use in cardiac shock and should therefore be of particular benefit in the domiciliary treatment of this condition.Coincident heart failure or arrhythmias should be treated immediately: four of the survivors had suffered from one or more of these additional complications.No undesirable side-effects have accompanied the use of metaraminol. SummaryResults are presented of the use of metaraminol in 12 patients suffering from cardiac shock.This drug has a similar action to that of noradrenaline but has the advantage that it may be given by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection.For this reason it should prove of value in the domiciliary treatment of cardiac shock.The 50% mortality in this series included all the patients with shock of four or more, hours' duration.This observation is in accord with the experience of others, and demonstrates the need for early treatment of this complication of cardiac infarction.The patients treated in this study were under the care of Drs.D. Evan Bedford and Walter Somerville.I am most grateful for the opportunity to undertake this work,
Bait in arms: what happens when the wind blows?
Authors: Marlene Oscar-Berman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1980)

In the BBS multiple book review of Donald Symons, The Evolution of Human Sexuality , BBS 3(2), 1980 the full reference was inadvertently omitted: Symons, D. 1979. The Evolution of Human Sexuality . New York: Oxford University Press.