tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Reactions to Penicillin
Authors: George Westerman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Sensitivity reactions to penicillin continue to be a major medical problem occurring in as high as 5% to 10% of those receiving it.<sup>1</sup>Allergic reactions to penicillin account for approximately 10% of the reported adverse drug reactions in the United States and are now the most common type of anaphylactic shock. Although attempts are being made to limit its indications, one must recall that penicillin is the only available potent bactericidal drug which is relatively innocuous and therefore shall continue to enjoy broad usage. Restriction of usage is complicated further by ever increasing sources of unintentional penicillin administration or ingestion which serve as avenues for sensitization (milk, viral vaccines, foods, etc). Although parenteral administration causes most sensitization, ingestion may occasionally be incriminated.<sup>2</sup>The prevention and treatment of these allergic reactions are important to all medical and dental practitioners and ultimately to their patients. This review is designed to
Practical Demonstration of the Dangers of Optometry
Authors: Theodore C. Janeway
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Knowing the active interest of the Association in the wide-spread agitation for laws licensing opticians to examine for refractile errors and prescribe glasses, I have thought that a striking instance of the dangers of this proceeding which has just come to my notice might well be recorded. A man of 34 consulted me this week because of a severe and increasing headache of three months' duration. Three weeks ago he went to one of the large opticians of New York because of some trouble with his eyesight, and had glasses prescribed for him by an optometrist. He did not have a refractile error of consequence, but a high grade of choked disc in both eyes and was suffering from brain tumor. Of course, a decompression operation three weeks ago would have preserved much more sight than can be expected now, and the blame for the loss of
Comparing Alcohol Policies Between Countries: Science or Silliness?
Authors: Alison Ritter
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

It seems self-evident that it would be useful to have a way of comparing alcohol policies between countries. A metric to compare countries would enable improvements or changes to be monitored; create benchmarks for comparative purposes; and potentially improve policy efficiency and effectiveness. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) in its alcohol policy report notes that “…it would be useful to develop a scientific way to measure and to evaluate overall policy comprehensiveness” [1].

But it seems that the endeavour is fraught. The multiplicity of problems—conceptual, methodological, and political—lead some researchers and policy makers to conclude that the effort is not worth pursuing. For those brave or foolhardy enough to persist, including Brand and colleagues who now report their findings in PLoS Medicine [2], there are a number of different ways of approaching a common metric. Inputs (such as government spending), outcomes (such as consumption or harm), and policy statements can all be measured and compared. Each of these different approaches has strengths and weaknesses, without a clear front-runner.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic components of reflex tachycardia induced by hypotension in conscious dogs with and without heart failure
Authors: S. F. VATNER, C. B. HIGGINS, E. BRAUNWALD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The autonomic components of the reflex tachycardia following nitroglycerin and inferior vena caval occlusion (IVCO) were analysed in conscious, unsedated normal dogs and in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) before and after selective and combined beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockades. In normal dogs nitroglycerin and IVCO decreased mean arterial pressure from 98 ± 1 to 69 ± 1 mmHg and 73 ± 2 mm Hg, respectively, while heart rate increased from 77 ± 3 to 176 ± 4 and 154 ± 6 beats/min (bpm), respectively. Selective beta-adrenergic or cholinergic blockades partially prevented the reflex tachycardia, while combined blockades abolished the reflex tachycardia. Thus, the reflex tachycardia following hypotension induced by either nitroglycerin or IVCO is mediated by a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences.
Imaging and Nanomedicine in Inflammatory Atherosclerosis
Authors: Willem J. M. Mulder, Farouc A. Jaffer, Zahi A. Fayad, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

The integration of immunology and cardiovascular medicine with engineering and nanotechnology will yield precision diagnostics and efficient therapeutics for atherosclerosis and its ischemic complications.
Oedema as a risk factor for multiple episodes of cellulitis/erysipelas of the lower leg: a series with community follow-up
Authors: N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Oedema as a risk factor for multiple episodes of cellulitis/erysipelas of the lower leg: a series with community follow‐up Get access N.H. Cox N.H. Cox Dermatology Department, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K Neil Cox. E‐mail: neil.cox@ncumbria‐acute.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 5, 1 November 2006, Pages 947–950, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07419.x Published: 01 November 2006 Article history Accepted: 10 April 2006 Published: 01 November 2006
IL-7 receptor expression identifies suicide gene–modified allospecific CD8+ T cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into antileukemia effectors
Authors: Attilio Bondanza, Lothar Hambach, Zohara Aghai, Bart Nijmeijer, Shin Kaneko, Sara Mastaglio, Marina Radrizzani, Katharina Fleischhauer, Fabio Ciceri, Claudio Bordignon, Chiara Bonini, Els Goulmy
Journal: Blood (2011)
Removal of Panniculus Adiposus
Authors: E. J. DREW
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Jejunoileostomy, with or without the concomitant removal of a large panniculus adiposus, is increasingly popular in the treatment of morbid obesity. Methods of removal of a large abdominal apron, some weighing as much as 36 kg (80 lb), are receiving attention in the surgical literature. Steinmann pins attached to Kirschner wire retractors,<sup>1</sup>hydraulic lifts,<sup>2</sup>Crutchfield tongs with block and tackle,<sup>3</sup>and a rigid bar containing screw eyes<sup>4</sup>have been employed to elevate the panniculus during surgery. Meyerowitz et al<sup>5</sup>placed two Rush pins through the panniculus and suspended it through a block and tackle on the operating room ceiling. I use a technique that incorporates an overhead bar from the Albee Orthopedic operating table. The bar, which is 144 cm (57 inches) in length and rectangular in cross section, 2.5 × 3.75 cm (1 × 1 1/2 inch), is sterilized and then
Biosynthesis of factor V in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes.
Authors: H C Chiu, P K Schick, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Although platelets contain Factor V, localized primarily in the alpha-granules, the origin of this coagulation cofactor in these cells is not known. We therefore explored whether isolated megakaryocytes could biosynthesize Factor V. Guinea pig plasma Factor V coagulant activity was demonstrated to be neutralized by human monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed monospecifically against human Factor V. These antibodies had been used earlier to purify human Factor V. These antibodies had been used earlier to purify human Factor V and to quantify Factor V antigen concentration, respectively (1983. Chiu, H. C., E. Whitaker, and R. W. Colman. J. Clin. Invest. 72:493-503). As determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with guinea pig plasma as a standard, Factor V solubilized from guinea pig megakaryocytes was present at 0.098 +/- 0.018 micrograms/10(5) cells. Each megakaryocyte contained about 500 times as much Factor V as is in a platelet (0.234 +/- 0.180 micrograms/10(8) platelets). The content of Factor V antigen in guinea pig plasma was greater (27.0 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml) than that of Factor V antigen in human plasma (11.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). In contrast, human platelets contain ninefold more Factor V antigen (2.01 +/- 1.09 micrograms/10(8) platelets) than do guinea pig were 2.85 +/- 0.30 U/ml plasma, 0.022 +/- 0.012 U/10(8) platelets, and 0.032 +/- 0.03 U/10(5) megakaryocytes, compared with human values of 0.98 +/- 0.02 U/ml plasma and 0.124 +/- 0.064 U/10(8) platelets. Isolated megakaryocytes were found to contain Factor V by cytoimmunofluorescence. The megakaryocytes were incubated with [35S]methionine, and radiolabeled intracellular proteins purified were on a human anti-Factor V immunoaffinity column. The purified protein exhibited Factor V coagulant activity and neutralized the inhibitory activity of a rabbit antihuman Factor V antibody, which suggests that megakaryocyte Factor V is functionally and antigenically intact. These results indicate that Factor V is synthesized by guinea pig megakaryocytes. Nonetheless, megakaryocyte Factor V was more slowly activated by thrombin and in the absence of calcium was more stable after activation than was plasma Factor Va. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and autoradiography of the purified molecule showed a major band of Mr 380,000 and a minor band of Mr 350,000, as compared with guinea pig and human plasma Factor V, where the protein had an Mr of 350,000. Both forms of Factor V were substrates for thrombin. Possible explanations for the higher molecular weight and different thrombin sensitivity and stability observed are that a precursor of Factor V was isolated or that the megakaryocyte Factor V had not been fully processed before isolation.
Rituximab as adjuvant to high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Steven M. Horwitz, Robert S. Negrin, Karl G. Blume, Sheila Breslin, Monic J. Stuart, Keith E. Stockerl-Goldstein, Laura J. Johnston, Ruby M. Wong, Judith A. Shizuru, Sandra J. Horning
Journal: Blood (2003)
Misoprostol and Gastrointestinal Complications in Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Heinz F. Hammer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 May 1996Misoprostol and Gastrointestinal Complications in Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Rheumatoid ArthritisHeinz F. Hammer, MDHeinz F. Hammer, MDUniversity of Graz; 8036 Graz, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00017 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Silverstein and colleagues [1] have shown that prophylactic treatment with misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients receiving NSAIDs but does not save lives. Although the approximately 50% reduction in the number of complications seems impressive at first glance, the clinical relevance of this finding is questionable. The absolute number of complications was reduced by only 17 in a total of more than 4400 treated patients. In addition, of these 4400 patients, more than 1600 had symptoms during NSAID treatment, and another 234 developed symptoms that caused them to withdraw from the study. Thus, dyspeptic symptoms were not satisfactorily addressed by the treatment in 42% of patients in the misoprostol group.The time has come to direct our attention to treating the frequently occurring symptoms of NSAID intolerance rather than to preventing the rare complications of NSAID-induced ulcers (which are no longer life threatening). I suggest that drugs proven to reduce dyspeptic symptoms, such as antacids [2] or sucralfate [3], be used as first-line therapy in patients who develop gastrointestinal symptoms during NSAID treatment.References1. Silverstein FE, Graham DY, Senior JR, Wyn Davies H, Struthers BJ, Bittman RM, et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:241-9. Google Scholar2. Roth SH. Efficacy of antacid therapy for NSAID-induced symptomatic gastropathy. Practical Gastroenterology. 1994; 18:14-20. Google Scholar3. Caldwell JR, Roth SH, Wu WC, Semble EL, Castell DO, Heller MD, et al. Sucralfate treatment of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal symptoms and mucosal damage. Am J Med. 1987; 83:74-82. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Graz; 8036 Graz, Austria PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 927KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsNSAIDsRheumatoid arthritisUlcers Issue Published: 15 May 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 4186: Survival time for patients with glioblastomas is highly correlated with increased expression of major mitotic checkpoint genes
Authors: Li Bie, Xiao-Qin Xia, Ji-qing Qiu, Pui Cheng, Gaelle Rondeau, Gang Zhao, Michael McClelland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioblastomas are the most common and deadly CNS neoplasms. Survival time correlates with pathological grade; most World Health Organization grade III and grade IV cases die within one year of diagnosis, whereas lower grades sometimes live for years. With the goal of optimizing objective prognostic molecular staging methods for gliomas, we examined three independent microarray datasets with a total of 6 normal, 14 grade I- II, 13 grade III and 13 grade IV gliomas, using a cross-platform analysis suite (http://www.webarraydb.org). We noticed that a number of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes had transcript levels significantly altered across different pathological grades. SAC genes ensure that accurate chromosome segregation is maintained during mitosis. Previous studies have shown failure of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) leads to genomic instability and neoplastic transformation. Several studies of malignant tumor suggested that increased mRNA levels of the mitotic checkpoint correlates with tumor progression, including in breast cancer and bladder cancer. Eight major mitotic spindle checkpoint genes that had significant increases in gene expression levels with increasing glioma grade in the microarray data (p &amp;lt; 0.001, ANOVA) were selected for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in 40 additional glioma tumors and 6 normal brain tissues; BUB1, BUB1B, BUB3, CENPE, MAD1L1, MAD2L1, CDC20, and TTK. One of these genes, CDC20, is already known to be differentially expressed across grades and inclusion allowed the relative performance of other genes to be assessed. In our study, the average mRNA transcript levels for all of these checkpoint genes increased with increasing grade. The correlations with grade had a significance level of p&amp;lt;0.05 (ANOVA) for BUB1, BUB1B, CENPE, MAD1L1 and CDC20. Mutations or epigenetic changes in these five genes have not yet been noted to play a significant role in the causation of chromosomal instability in glioblastomas, nor in most other cancers, an exception being BUB1mutations in some cases of colorectal cancer. The consistently high level of these particular transcripts in aggressive gliomas is perhaps due to compensation for other defects in the cell machinery that would otherwise be catastrophic. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BUB1B and CDC20 were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.05). Further regression analysis indicated that changes in expression of BUB1B and CDC20, and perhaps CENPE, rival glioma grade as excellent prognosticators of survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4186. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4186
Fasting plasma glucose in screening for diabetes in the Taiwanese population.
Authors: C J Chang, J S Wu, F H Lu, H L Lee, Y C Yang, M J Wen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the relationship between fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose and to examine the appropriate fasting glucose cutoff as the primary screening test for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We recruited 5,303 subjects from preventive services of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Exclusion criteria were age &amp;lt;20 years, pregnancy, known diabetes, and a history of recent surgery, trauma, or illness. All subjects received the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The relationship between fasting and 2-h glucose was examined. Sensitivities, specificities, efficiency, and predictive values were assessed at different cutoffs of fasting glucose for prediction of diabetes. RESULTS: The best fit model for the relationship between fasting and 2-h glucose was fasting glucose = 4.914-0.060 x (2-h glucose) + 0.0144 x (2-h glucose)2. From this model, the fasting glucose was 6.0 mmol/l when 2-h glucose was 11.1 mmol/l. A fasting glucose with 6.25 mmol/l gave the same diabetes prevalence as the World Health Organization 2-h glucose criterion. When 7.8 mmol/l was the fasting glucose cutoff, the sensitivity was 28.5%. Lowering the cutoff from 7.8 to 7.0 mmol/l increased the sensitivity by 11.2% and slightly reduced the specificity and positive predictive value. If the cutoffs were 6.25 and 6.0 mmol/l, the sensitivity increased and the specificity and the positive predictive value decreased accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that fasting glucose as a screening criterion for diabetes could be revised downward to 7.0 mmol/l, because the slight reduction of positive predictive value was more than balanced by an apparent increase of sensitivity and insignificant change of specificity.
Differential Diagnosis and Heuristics-Reply
Authors: Fredric M. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Nardone that in medicine the clinician often uses both a "depth" and "breadth" approach in evaluating a patient's clinical findings. Using a "depth" approach, the clinician probes for information in a vertical, "aggressive" style within one disease in order to confirm or disconfirm his or her primary hypothesis. Using a "breadth" approach, the clinician probes in a horizontal, "cautious" style across competing hypotheses in a differential diagnosis. Many of us believe that these depth-breadth strategies are indeed complementary, and that the clinician frequently pursues a sequential pattern in which the initial symptom (eg, pleuritic chest pain) is pursued along a vertical path by asking questions designed to confirm or rule out the primary hypothesis (eg, pulmonary embolism; was the patient immobilized?; are there calf or thigh symptoms?). The clinician may then shift to a broader "cautious" questioning mode to examine whether another diagnostic hypothesis
Grant's Method of Anatomy, by Regions Descriptive and Deductive
Authors: David L. Bassett
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The seventh edition of this distinguished and popular anatomy text is marked by the addition of Dr. John Basmajian as co-editor. The aim of the book remains the same— to encourage the student to understand and correlate rather than to try to memorize—and to this end the unique practical character of the text and illustrations has been retained.  Some rearranging has been done, with the deletion of obsolete material and the addition of new information. Thirty-eight new illustrations have been added, and terminology has been modernized to conform to the official Nomina Anatomica. These improvements have been accomplished, and yet there is a reduction in length of nearly 100 pages. As the net result, we have a vigorous book which is useful to both student and clinician alike.
Indian medical authorities act on antenatal sex selection
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Indian Medical Association and the Medical Council of India have asked doctors to stop providing sex determination services and participating in selective abortion of female fetuses. The association has said that it will launch independent investigations against doctors suspected of being involved in such practices and will advise the council to revoke licences of errant doctors.

This is the first time since the Indian parliament outlawed antenatal sex determination five years ago that medical institutions are trying to step up pressure on doctors. Sex determination and selective abortion of female fetuses is widespread in India. Non-government organisations …
Acute Osteomyelitis-Reply
Authors: M. Glenn Koenig, David E. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have read with interest Dr. Tronzo's letter concerning our report to the Council on Drugs entitled "Current Status of Therapy in Acute Osteomyelitis" which was recently published inThe Journaland the article written by Drs. Tronzo and Dowling to which he refers. As stated in our paper, there exists considerable controversy concerning the indications for surgical intervention in acute osteomyelitis, and Dr. Tronzo's comments represent one side in this continuing debate. Arguments opposing surgical intervention early in acute osteomyelitis have been expressed by Altemeier and Helmsworth (<i>Surg Gynec Obstet</i><b>81</b>:138 [Aug.] 1945), and by Self (<i>Pediatrics</i>1:617 [May] 1948). This, coupled with the experience on the Pediatric Service at Vanderbilt University Hospital where good results have been obtained despite a conservative approach to surgical intervention, has led us to adopt a middle ground in our general recommendations. Most physicians agree that many patients with
The “Swirling” Pattern of Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast can be Characterized by Integrated Backscatter Using Fourier Analysis
Authors: R. Daniel Murray, Allan L. Klein, Shalabh Chandra, Richard A. Grimm, Ian W. Black, Annitta Morehead, William J. Stewart, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 is required for termination of Toll-like receptor responses
Authors: David L Boone, Emre E Turer, Eric G Lee, Regina-Celeste Ahmad, Matthew T Wheeler, Colleen Tsui, Paula Hurley, Marcia Chien, Sophia Chai, Osamu Hitotsumatsu, Elizabeth McNally, Cecile Pickart, Averil Ma
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CTA IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS
Authors: Jaap M. Van Werkhoven, Joanne D. Schuijf, Aju Pazhenkottil, Bernard A. Herzog, J Wouter Jukema, Eric Boersma, Ernst E. Van der Wall, Philipp Kaufman, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)