tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Equality for people with disabilities in medicine
Authors: S. Mercer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Time for action and partnerships 

As a result of our advances in medical science and technology more lives are being saved than ever before, although many people who are saved from death are left disabled. Add to this the expansion of the ageing population, in whom the prevalence of physical impairments is highest, and disability emerges as a major facet of modern society–one in four people in the United Kingdom has a disability or is closely associated with someone who has.1 Disability has become part and parcel of our human experience. By definition, therefore, the challenges facing citizens with disabilities are now a major “mainstream issue,” both for society in general and for the medical profession in particular.

Yet several reports and studies indicate that doctors commonly fail to identify and tackle disability issues.2–6 Why is it that health professionals often seem unwilling or unable to engage with people with disabilities?

One reason may be the poor record that the medical profession in the United Kingdom has in treating people with disabilities as equal within its own ranks. We recently organised a two day conference to …
Surgery and pathology on the Nile
Authors: D. P. Burkitt
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans
Authors: Marie Pulini, Sandra B. Raff, Randolph Chase, Edwin E. Gordon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A 64-year-old black man presented with the syndrome of acanthosis nigricans and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus requiring up to 3000 units of insulin per day. The patient's plasma contained circulating antibodies to insulin receptors thought to be responsible for the insulin resistance. The marked insulin resistance, the manifestations of acanthosis nigricans, the evidence of immunologic dysfunction by the absence of expected circulating antibodies to insulin, and the demonstration of circulating antibodies to insulin receptors put this patient in Kahn's category B of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. There was no evidence of malignancy, lipodystrophy, or endocrine abnormality. The occurrence of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance due to binding of cell membrane insulin receptors by antibodies has been reported exclusively in women. This case report is the first description of a male patient with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans and focuses attention on features that might mislead one to suspect other causes of insulin resistance.
A memorable patient: The benefits of attending the dentist
Authors: M. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

I had only recently given an undergraduate lecture on endocrine disorders when I was asked to see him. He had been referred by his dentist to the professor of prosthodontics because the provision of partial dentures was proving difficult. His mandible was long and his tongue was large, but it was the chatting about golf that made the difference. He blamed his golf handicap on his shoes as they were increasingly cramping his feet, …
Should patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis undergo screening for meningioma?
Authors: V. Cottin, S. Vukusic, E. Jouanneau, R. Lazor, J-F. Cordier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To the Editors: 

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) may be sporadic or associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Recently, routine screening for brain abnormalities associated with TSC demonstrated the presence of meningioma in 3.2% of patients with LAM (with or without TSC), a prevalence exceeding that expected in the general population 1, thus suggesting that meningiomas may be associated with LAM or its treatment. Indeed, most patients diagnosed with meningioma (seven out of eight) had received hormone replacement therapy and/or progesterone. Hitherto reported cases of meningiomas associated with LAM were mostly asymptomatic 1, with ensuing controversy about the usefulness of systematic brain imaging in patients with LAM 2. We report the occurrence of symptomatic meningiomas requiring surgery in a patient who had received progesterone therapy for 17 yrs for pulmonary LAM.

A female born …
<i>Psychoanalysis and the Psychic Disorder of General Paresis.</i> By S. Hollos and S. Ferenczi. Translated by Gertrude M. Barnes and Günther Keil. (<i>New York and Washington: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co., 1925.</i>)
Authors: L. E. Hinsie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1927)
Polyacrylamide-Based Biocompatible Nanoplatform Enhances the Tumor Uptake, PET/fluorescence Imaging and Anticancer Activity of a Chlorophyll Analog
Authors: Anurag Gupta, Shouyan Wang, Aimee Marko, Penny Joshi, Manivannan Ethirajan, Yihui Chen, Rutao Yao, Munawwar Sajjad, Raoul Kopelman, Ravindra K. Pandey
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

In this report we demonstrate the outstanding advantages of multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and therapy.The non-toxic polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoparticles (size:18-25 nm) formulation drastically changed the pharmacokinetic profile of the 124 I-labeled chlorophyll-a derivative (formulated in 10% ethanol in PBS) with a remarkable enhancement in tumor uptake, and significantly reduced uptake in spleen and liver.Among the various nanoformulations investigated, the 124 I-labeled photosensitizer (dose: 0.6142 MBq), and the cyanine dye-nanoparticles (CD-NP) conjugate (dose 0.3 μmol/kg) in combination showed great potential for tumor imaging (PET/NIR fluorescence) in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors.Compared to free non-labeled photosensitizer, the corresponding PAA nanoformulation under similar treatment parameters showed a remarkable enhancement in long-term tumor cure by PDT (photodynamic therapy) and provides an opportunity to develop a single nanoplatform for tumor-imaging (PET/fluorescence) and phototherapy, a practical "See and Treat" approach.
New plan launched to tackle Britain's high rate of hospital infection
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The British government has announced new plans to tackle the problem of hospital acquired infections, which affect about 100 000 Britons each year and generate costs of £1bn ($1.7bn; €1.4bn).

The new plans, proposed by chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson, include appointing a director of infection control with the power to enforce infection control measures at every NHS trust.

The plans also promise a new drive to ensure that staff wash their hands frequently. The Commission for Health Audit and Inspection will also be asked to make infection control a key …
Alveolar epithelial damage. A critical difference between high pressure and oleic acid-induced low pressure pulmonary edema.
Authors: J S Montaner, J Tsang, K G Evans, J B Mullen, A R Burns, D C Walker, B Wiggs, J C Hogg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The present study was designed to compare high pressure pulmonary edema (HPPE) and oleic acid-induced low pressure pulmonary edema (OAPE) in dogs when similar amounts of extra vascular water were present in the lung. The high pressure edema was produced by intravenous fluid overload and by inflating an aortic balloon catheter (n = 6). The low pressure edema was produced by the injecting 0.08 mg/kg oleic acid suspended in 5 ml saline (n = 6). Comparison of the difference between initial control measurements and final measurements in the edematous states showed that the animals with OAPE had a greater fall in percent oxygen saturation and a greater increase in shunt fractions. The light microscopic studies showed that OAPE was associated with greater amounts of alveolar flooding than HPPE where the edema fluid was located to a greater extent in the peribronchial interstitial space. The electron microscopy studies showed that the alveolar flooding in OAPE was associated with epithelial disruption, and tracer studies carried out in rabbits showed that dextran (150,000 mol wt) could pass from blood to airspace and that dextran (40,000 mol wt) could pass from air-space to blood in OAPE. We conclude that epithelial disruption is responsible for the excessive alveolar flooding in OAPE and that this results in a greater impairment in gas exchange.
Acute respiratory distress in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Authors: K M Hillman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

the diagnoses of only 76 out of the 140 patients with a positive Haemoccult test result, however, these being a colorectal neoplasm, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, and angiodysplasia.What were the diagnoses in the other 64 patients ?What were the diagnoses and their incidences in the original 802 patients (for comparison) ?What proportion of the latter had no detectable disease ?Incidentally, what were the original presenting symptoms which defined the patients being studied ?
Effects of a Progestin Estrogen Preparation on Blood Coagulation Mechanisms
Authors: Aquiles J. Sobrero
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE WIDESPREAD use of oral progestins for fertility control has stimulated interest in the possible effects of these compounds on blood coagulation mechanisms. Questions of this nature arise from the fact that studies of blood coagulation components during pregnancy, and after oral administration of estrogens, have revealed changes and variations in the levels of some of the coagulation factors. High normal levels of factor I (fibrinogen), factor II (prothrombin) factor VII (proconvertin), factor IX (plasma thromboplastin components), and factor X (Stuart Factor) have been reported for pregnant women.<sup>1</sup>Elevated levels of factor II (prothrombin ) and factor V ( accelerator globulin) have been observed after intravenous administration of conjugated estrogens.<sup>2</sup>Recently, it has been reported that oral administration of estrogen preparations, as well as orally active progestins, appear to cause an increase in profibrinolysin, antifibrinolysin, and fibrinogen (factor I).<sup>3,4</sup> This investigation was undertaken to obtain further information concerning the
Suicide Risk in Cancer Patients From 1960 to 1999
Authors: Erlend Hem, Jon H. Loge, Tor Haldorsen, Øivind Ekeberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Suicide risk is reportedly higher for cancer patients than for the general population, but estimates vary and analyses of trends are few. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cancer patients had a higher suicide risk between 1960 and 1999.A cohort comprising patients from the Cancer Registry of Norway 1960 to 1997 was linked to suicide diagnosis in the Register of Deaths at Statistics Norway and observed during 1960 to 1999. The cohort consisted of all cancer patients registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway 1960 to 1997 (N = 490,245 patients with 520,823 cancer diagnoses). Suicide was defined according to death certificates based on the International Classification of Diseases (versions 7, 8, 9, and 10).During the period, 589 cancer patients (407 males and 182 females) committed suicide. The relative risk was elevated for males and females, with standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.41 to 1.71) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.56), respectively. Risk was highest in the first months after diagnosis. For both sexes, there was a significant decrease in the relative suicide risk over decades. The risk was markedly increased among male patients with cancer of respiratory organs (SMR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.96 to 5.47). Otherwise, the SMRs varied from 0.76 to 3.67 across cancer types.Cancer may be a risk factor for suicide, particularly shortly after diagnosis. However, the relative risk gradually decreased during the period 1960 to 1999.
Use of Projective Testing on a Consultation-Liaison Service
Authors: Thomas D. Stewart, Ellen R. Golding
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Projective psychological testing is a valuable but underrated tool in consultation-liaison psychiatry. By reviewing psychiatric consultations with supporting psychological testing done over a 12-month period at the Beth Israel Hospital, the authors pinpointed clinical problems where projective testing was particularly helpful. The authors found suicidality, depression, and regression to be diagnostic dilemmas in which use of the Rorschach and TAT was decisive in the crisis setting of some consultations. The psychodynamic information offered by these tests guided both proper medication selection and verbal interventions as well as facilitated medical education. 4 cases were selected to illustrate the relevance of projective testing to consultation-liaison work.
TCT-697 Is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement the Best Option for Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Small Aortic Annulus? Insights From the PARTNER Trial
Authors: Josep Rodes-Cabau, Philippe Pibarot, Rakesh M. Suri, Vinod Thourani, Lars Svensson, Eric Dumont, Ke Xu, Martin Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency. One base substitution in an exon of the CPS I gene causes a 9-basepair deletion due to aberrant splicing.
Authors: R Hoshide, T Matsuura, Y Haraguchi, F Endo, M Yoshinaga, I Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I; EC6,3,4,16) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperammonemia. We studied the molecular bases of CPS I deficiency in a newborn Japanese girl with consanguineous parents. Northern and Western blots revealed a marked decrease in CPS I mRNA and enzyme protein but with a size similar to that of the control, respectively. Sequencing of the patient's cDNA revealed a nine-nucleotide deletion at position 832-840. Sequencing analysis of the genomic DNA revealed a G to C transversion at position 840, the last nucleotide of an exon in the splice donor site. This substitution altered the consensus sequence of the splice donor site and the newly cryptical donor site in the exon caused the 9-bp in-frame deletion. This report seems to be the first complete definition of CPS I deficiency, at the molecular level.
Pre- and post-adolescents' physiological response to exercise.
Authors: P. Bale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The physiological performance of a group of boys and girls aged eleven to twelve years was examined and nineteen of these children were retested again at aged sixteen years. The findings of this investigation support the findings of other similar studies that, when VO2 max is used as a determinant of cardiovascular performance, the performance of children increases with age, and in boys particularly, this increase in associated with an increase in body weight. After puberty boys have a greater oxygen consumption and thus a greater physiological performance than girls, mainly as a result of an improved cardiorespiratory efficiency and a greater muscle to weight ratio. The improvement in their physiological performance by those girls particularly interested in sport, however, also suggests that this factor is most influential to performance during growth at adolescence.
Progress in idiopathic bile acid malabsorption
Authors: A F HOFMANN
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 812 

Bile acid malabsorption, whether caused by an inborn absence of the ileal transport system or by resection of the terminal ileum, causes diarrhoea because of the secretory effect of malabsorbed dihydroxy bile acids in the colon. There is now increasing evidence that bile acid malabsorption is also present and plays a causal role in many patients with intermittent or chronic diarrhoea who have no ileal pathology. Many of these patients have been labelled with the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.1 In this issue, Fracchia et al (see page 812) provide new information on this syndrome by defining biliary bile acid and lipid composition in 13 well characterised patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption.

Bile acids are secreted by the liver entirely in conjugated form. The conjugated bile acid anion is impermeable to cell membranes and too large to pass the paracellular junctions of the biliary and intestinal tract. The highly efficient conservation of bile acids, which is responsible for the accumulation of a recycling bile acid pool, results from both carrier mediated and passive absorption. Carrier mediated absorption is mediated mainly by an apical transporter located in the ileal enterocyte. This transporter, which has been cloned and characterised by Dawson and colleagues,2 is now termed the “apical bile salt transporter” ( abst ) because it is also present in the renal tubular epithelial cell and in the cholangiocyte. Passive absorption of unconjugated bile acids that are formed by bacterial enzymes present in the distal small intestine and colon also contributes to the efficient conservation of bile acids. The combination of active and passive absorption of bile acids in the small intestine means that in …
Itraconazole versus fluconazole for prevention of fungal infections in patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplants
Authors: Kieren A. Marr, Fulvio Crippa, Wendy Leisenring, Maggie Hoyle, Michael Boeckh, S. Arunmozhi Balajee, W. Garrett Nichols, Benjamin Musher, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Blood (2003)
Health professionals persecuted in violation of their human rights: a partial list of cases
Authors: T. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIASTASE IN BLOOD AND URINE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: G. A. Harrison, R. D. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1923)

IN a previous paper' we lhave publislhed some of our work on blood amylase, and have reported our findings in normal individuals and in renal disease, illustrating the importance of estimating diastase in both blood and urine.In this paper we shall outline our findings in pancreatic cases, in hepatic disease, and in diabetes mellitus, and then discuss the results in diabetes with reference to pancreas, liver, and kidney.Throughout this investigation the reaction of the urine has been adjusted to PH 6.7 before estimation of amylase, unless otherwise stated.A brief summary of our previous results will facilitate comparison with the findings in-diabetes.Normally, the concentration of diastase in the blood lies between 3 and 10 units, and in the urine between 6.7 and 33.3 units.The total quantity of diastase excreted in twenty.four hours varies from 8,000 to 30,000 units.It is useful to calculate the total diastase excreted to reveal instances in which hiigh or low concentrations of diastase may legitimately be attributed to oliouria or diuresis.In renal disease there may be (a) "diminished excretion with retention," in which the value for blood is above 10, and for urine below 6.7; (b) " diminislhed excretion without reten- tion," in whlich the blood amylase is normal, but the con- centration in the urine is lower than in the blood or of the same value; (c) " normal excretion," in which the concentration of diastase is higher in the urine than in the blood.TABLE T.-Examples of Results inl Diseases of Pancreas and Liver.| Urine (24 hours).s e eConcen-Total Remarks.o .2trationof Vol.Diastase V Diastase.Excreted.units units ¢.cm.units A 235 16.7 3,900 65,100 Gunshot wound of pancreas; re- sulting cyst drained.5 3.3 2,780 9,200 Tbree weeks later, clinically much improved.B 20 235 330 77,600 Traumatic pancreatic cyst; lapar- otomy; drainage.Loewi's test negative on three occasions.0 21, 0.14, 0.11, 0.09, 0.07, 0.08, and -per cent.respecti-vely.** The -signifies not estinated.
Postmortem Molecular Analysis of &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;SCN5A&lt;/EMPH&gt; Defects in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Michael J. Ackerman, Benjamin L. Siu, William Q. Sturner, David J. Tester, Carmen R. Valdivia, Jonathan C. Makielski, Jeffrey A. Towbin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Fatal arrhythmias from occult long QT syndrome may be responsible for some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Because patients who have long QT syndrome with sodium channel gene (SCN5A) defects have an increased frequency of cardiac events during sleep, and a recent case is reported of a sporadic SCN5A mutation in an infant with near SIDS, SCN5A has emerged as the leading candidate ion channel gene for SIDS.To determine the prevalence and functional properties of SCN5A mutations in SIDS.Postmortem molecular analysis of 93 cases of SIDS or undetermined infant death identified by the Medical Examiner's Office of the Arkansas State Crime Laboratory between September 1997 and August 1999. Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen myocardium and subjected to SCN5A mutational analyses. Missense mutations were incorporated into the human heart sodium channel alpha subunit by mutagenesis, transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney cells, and characterized electrophysiologically.Molecular and functional characterization of SCN5A defects.Two of the 93 cases of SIDS possessed SCN5A mutations: a 6-week-old white male with an A997S missense mutation in exon 17 and a 1-month old white male with an R1826H mutation in exon 28. These 2 distinct mutations occurred in highly conserved regions of the sodium channel and were absent in 400 control patients (800 alleles). Functionally, the A997S and R1826H mutant channels expressed a sodium current characterized by slower decay and a 2- to 3-fold increase in late sodium current.Approximately 2% of this prospective, population-based cohort of SIDS cases had an identifiable SCN5A channel defect, suggesting that mutations in cardiac ion channels may provide a lethal arrhythmogenic substrate in some infants at risk for SIDS.