tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Highly Sensitive Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Assay for Acetylcholinesterase in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Transgenic Mice with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Dingbin Liu, Wenwen Chen, Yue Tian, Sha He, Wenfu Zheng, Jiashu Sun, Zhuo Wang, Xingyu Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2011)

A highly sensitive, selective, and dual-readout (colorimetric and fluorometric) assay for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on Rhodamine B-modified gold nanoparticle is reported. Due to its good sensitivity and selectivity, the assay can be used for monitoring AChE levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease.
TCT-634 Diagnostic accuracy of basal stenosis resistance index (BSR) is higher than that of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR): validation of basal stenosis resistance index in an independent cohort of simultaneous pressure and flow measurements
Authors: Tim P van de Hoef, Ricardo Petraco, Martijn A van Lavieren, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Jose P. Henriques, Robbert J de Winter, Jan G. Tijssen, Jos A. Spaan, M. Meuwissen, Maria Siebes, Javier Escaned, Justin E. Davies, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased Urinary Albumin Excretion, Insulin Resistance, and Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Salvatore De Cosmo, Antonio Minenna, Oznelle Ludovico, Sandra Mastroianno, Anna Di Giorgio, Leonardo Pirro, Vincenzo Trischitta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—While the relevant role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is well established in type 1 diabetes, its contribution in type 2 diabetes is controversial. Our aim was to investigate whether insulin resistance was associated with increased UAE in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total of 363 men and 349 women, aged 61 ± 9 years, with a disease duration of 11 ± 9 years and HbA1c levels of 8.6 ± 2.0% were included. Insulin resistance was derived from the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and UAE was derived from the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) defined as increased if the value was ≥2.5 mg/mmol in men and ≥3.5 mg/mmol in women. ACR was correlated with HOMAIR (r = 0.15, P = 0.0001), independently of age, disease duration, blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, waist circumference, and smoking. RESULTS—When the two sexes were investigated separately, a significant correlation between ACR and HOMAIR was reached in men (n = 363; r = 0.21, P = 0.0001) but not women (n = 349; r = 0.08, P = 0.14), suggesting that insulin resistance and sex may interact (P for interaction = 0.04) in determining UAE. When men were subgrouped into quartiles of HOMAIR, those of the third and fourth quartile (i.e., the most insulin resistant) were at higher risk to have increased ACR than patients of the first quartile (third quartile: odds ratio 2.2 [95% CI 1.2–4.2], P = 0.01) (fourth quartile: 4.1 [2.2–7.9], P = 0.00002). Finally, ACR was significantly higher in men with two or more insulin resistance–related cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension) than in men with fewer than two insulin resistance–related cardiovascular risk factors (0.90 [0.2–115.1] vs. 1.56 [0.1–1367.6], respectively, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS—In type 2 diabetic patients, increased UAE is strongly associated with insulin resistance and related cardiovascular risk factors. This association seems to be stronger in men than in women.
Long-term outcomes to fludarabine and rituximab in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Steven P. Treon, Andrew R. Branagan, Leukothea Ioakimidis, Jacob D. Soumerai, Christopher J. Patterson, Barry Turnbull, Parveen Wasi, Christos Emmanouilides, Stanley R. Frankel, Andrew Lister, Pierre Morel, Jeffrey Matous, Stephanie A. Gregory, Eva Kimby
Journal: Blood (2008)
Drug Postmarketing Studies—Reply
Authors: Kevin Fain, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): validation and acute toxicity testing.
Authors: R Curren, L Bruner, A Goldberg, E Walum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Scientific principles demand that before newly developed alternative methods for safety testing are fully embraced by the industrial or regulatory community, they reliably and reproducibly predict the designated toxic end point. The process used to determine reliability and reproducibility is termed validation, and it generally culminates with a highly controlled, blinded study using multiple chemicals and laboratories. It is imperative that the validation study is designed to confirm the previously established reproducibility and predictive power of the assay. Much has been learned recently about the practical aspects of validation through investigation of alternative methods for acute toxicity testing, i.e., those methods that assess acute systemic toxicity, skin irritation, and eye irritation. Although considerable progress has been made--many alternative tests are now commonly used in various industrial settings--there have been few tests that have successfully passed a complete validation. Some of the barriers to successful validation have been a) lack of high-quality, reproducible animal data; b) insufficient knowledge of the fundamental biologic processes involved in acute toxicity; and c) the development of truly robust in vitro assays that can accurately respond to materials with a wide range of chemical and physical characteristics. It is recommended that to progress in the areas of eye and skin irritation we need to expand our knowledge of toxic markers in humans and the biochemical basis of irritation; progress in the area of acute systemic toxicity will require the development of in vitro models to determine gastrointestinal uptake, blood-brain barrier passage, and biotransformation.
Phase I study of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor alvespimycin (KOS-1022, 17-DMAG) administered intravenously twice weekly to patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: J E Lancet, I Gojo, M Burton, M Quinn, S M Tighe, K Kersey, Z Zhong, M X Albitar, K Bhalla, A L Hannah, M R Baer
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
A Test of the Master Gene Hypothesis for Interspersed Repetitive DNA Sequences
Authors: Louise J. Johnson, John F. Y. Brookfield
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Many families of interspersed repetitive DNA elements, including human Alu and LINE (Long Interspersed Element) elements, have been proposed to have accumulated through repeated copying from a single source locus: the "master gene." The extent to which a master gene model is applicable has implications for the origin, evolution, and function of such sequences. One repetitive element family for which a convincing case for a master gene has been made is the rodent ID (identifier) elements. Here we devise a new test of the master gene model and use it to show that mouse ID element sequences are not compatible with a strict master gene model. We suggest that a single master gene is rarely, if ever, likely to be responsible for the accumulation of any repeat family.
A REPLY TO DOCTOR COMEGYS' LETTER.
Authors: R. Harvey Reed
Journal: JAMA (1891)

To the Editor:  —I see by the last issue ofThe Journal, that my erudite friend of Cincinnati, Dr. Cornelius G. Comegys, has evidently made an Herculean effort to convince the members of the American Medical Association, that their journal should be transplanted from Chicago to Washington, D. C. But like many other persons, who have unfortunately got on the wrong side of great National problems, it has required a prolonged and gigantic effort on the part of the doctor, to convince even the most unsophisticated member of our Association that his position was right, or that his arguments were well founded and his logic unassailable.  The doctor seems to have forgotten that whenThe Journalwas born, some seven years ago, that there was only 1,000 members of the Association, which limited its income to not over $5,000 a year, plus the scanty returns it received from its advertising
Alternatives for Health Care Workers With Latex Glove Allergies
Authors: Curt Hamann
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Berky et al<sup>1</sup>are to be congratulated for bringing the increasing problem of latex allergies among health care workers to the attention of the medical community by their recent survey of US Army dental personnel. I would like, however, to correct a common misperception that their article inadvertently perpetuates. Based on a 1986 text by Taylor and Fisher,<sup>2</sup>they state that "synthetic Elastyren gloves may be the only glove that some exquisitely rubber-sensitive medical personnel can use." In 1986, this statement would have been accurate; today, however, it is not. In 1990, a nonlatex, nonvinyl, thermoplastic elastomer called Tactylon received its 510(k) notification from the Food and Drug Administration for use in both sterile surgical and nonsterile examination gloves. Tactylon contains neither latex allergens nor the chemicals added during vulcanization.<sup>3</sup>Furthermore, Tactylon is hypoallergenic as measured by the modified Draize test of 200 individuals
In vitro model for natural tolerance to self-antigens. Inhibition of the development of surface-immunoglobulin-negative lymphocytes into T-dependent responsive B cells by antigen.
Authors: J M Teale, J E Layton, G J Nossal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Neonatal and adult splenic cell suspensions were labeled with fluorescein isothiocynate-anti-Ig and fractionated into surface-immunoglobulin- (s-Ig) positive and s-Ig-negative subpopulations by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The subpopulations were then tested by splenic focus assay for both frequency and tolerance susceptibility of clonable 2,4,-dinitrophenol (DNP) precursors. It was shown that both adult, and neonatal, s-Ig-negative subsets contained clonable DNP-specific B-cell precursors. However, because these precursors result in fewer clones secreting IgG, they appeared to be less mature than the s-Ig-positive precursors. In the absence of helper T cells, it was found that exposure of s-Ig-negative lymphocytes to tolerogen during the process in which they were acquiring surface receptors resulted in nearly total abrogation of potential DNP clones. This finding provides compelling evidence for clonal abortion.
Pulmonary venous and systemic ventricular inflow obstruction in patients with congenital heart disease: Detection by combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography
Authors: G. Wesley Vick, Daniel J. Murphy, Achi Ludomirsky, W. Robert Morrow, Mary J.H. Morriss, David A. Danford, James C. Huhta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Time-Space Clustering of Date at Birth in Childhood-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Gisela G Dahlquist, Bengt AJ Källen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there was a temporal and geographical clustering of time of birth for infants with childhood-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The nationwide Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, which ascertains 99% of children with recent-onset diabetes (0-14 years), was linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Clustering of 3,725 patients as to place and time of birth was studied compared with the general population. For each municipality (and in the three large cities of Sweden for each parish), the observed number of patients was compared with the expected number calculated from the average total rate and the number of births in that municipality. Clustering in time of birth within municipality was analyzed using a modification of a set technique by Chen (14). RESULTS There was no consistent variability in diabetes risk by calendar birth month, but for specific years, the risk varied during the year. When geographic localization for place of birth was studied on a municipality level, four municipalities snowed a statistically significant case excess while one would have been expected by chance. When we looked for clusters in both time and space for date of birth, clearly more clusters than expected were identified (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Of the total of 198 primary clusters, 42 included three or more patients being born in the same municipality within an unlikely short period always &amp;lt;2 years. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study indicating a clustering according to place and time of birth for later risk to develop type I diabetes. Such a phenomenon would agree with the hypothesis that infections in early life, including fetal infections, can increase the risk for diabetes.
Silibinin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth by Inhibiting Tumor Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis
Authors: Rana P. Singh, Mallikarjuna Gu, Rajesh Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Herein, for the first time, we investigated in vivo efficacy and associated molecular biomarkers and mechanisms of a chemopreventive agent, silibinin, against human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) HT29 xenograft growth. Nude mice were implanted with HT29 cells and fed with vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose or phosphatidylcholine) or 200 mg/kg/d dose of silibinin or 100 and 200 mg/kg/d doses of silybin-phytosome (5 days per week) for 32 days. Silibinin inhibited tumor growth that accounted for 48% (P = 0.002) decrease in tumor volume and 42% (P = 0.012) decrease in tumor weight at the end of the experiment without any adverse health effect. A stronger antitumor efficacy was observed with silybin-phytosome preparation. Silibinin decreased proliferation index by 40% (P &amp;lt; 0.001), increased apoptotic index by ∼2-fold (P = 0.001), and reduced microvessel density by 36% (P = 0.001) in tumors. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of silibinin were associated with down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt phosphorylation as well as cyclin D1 expression. Antiangiogenic effect of silibinin was coupled with a strong decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NOS3, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, and hypoxia-inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These findings suggest in vivo antitumor efficacy of silibinin against CRC involving its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic activities. The inhibition of ERK1/2 and Akt signaling may account for antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects, whereas down-regulation of NOS, COX, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression could lead to antiangiogenic effect of silibinin against CRC. Overall, potential use of silibinin against human CRC could be suggested. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):2043–50]
Erythromelalgia Caused by Platelet-Mediated Arteriolar Inflammation and Thrombosis in Thrombocythemia
Authors: JAN J. MICHIELS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Erythromelalgia was the presenting symptom in 26 of 40 patients with thrombocythemia in its primary form or when associated with polycythemia vera. The localized painful burning, redness, and warm congestion in the extremities could be accurately documented with thermography. Skin punch biopsy samples taken from the affected areas showed typical arteriolar inflammation, fibromuscular intima proliferation, and thrombotic occlusions. Erythromelalgia often progressed to ischemic acrocyanosis or necrosis in toes or fingers. Complete relief of pain and restoration of microvascular circulation disturbances was obtained with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin, but not with sodium-salicylate or the platelet inhibitors dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone, ticlopidine, and dazoxiben. The erythromelalgia was alleviated during busulfan-induced remissions of thrombocythemia and its recurrence coincided with relapsing thrombocythemia. These observations suggest a causal relationship between erythromelalgia and thrombocythemia, in which platelet-mediated inflammatory and occlusive arteriolar changes play a part in the etiology of erythromelalgia.
Characterization and partial purification of an endothelial cell growth factor from human platelets.
Authors: G L King, S Buchwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Platelets have been shown to affect the growth of vascular endothelial cells. This report describes the characterization and partial purification from human platelets of a novel growth factor which can stimulate human endothelial cells to synthesize DNA and grow. Platelets were lysed by sonication and the particulate fraction removed by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g. The supernatant of the platelet lysate stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of endothelial cells by 20-fold and caused a threefold increase of cell number in 2 d in culture. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and dialysis with exclusion membranes resulted in a 50-fold purification of this growth-promoting substance. Two peaks of endothelial-growth factor (ENDO-GF) were observed with apparent molecular weights of 65,000 and 135,000. Further characterization showed that ENDO-GF differed from platelet-derived growth factor since it was very heat labile and more potent in stimulating growth in endothelial cells than in fibroblasts. The isolation of an ENDO-GF from platelets suggests that platelets may have a role in the growth and healing processes of human endothelium.
An improved method for detecting and delineating genomic regions with altered gene expression in cancer
Authors: Björn Nilsson, Mikael Johansson, Anders Heyden, Sven Nelander, Thoas Fioretos
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Genomic regions with altered gene expression are a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We present a novel method for identifying such regions in gene expression maps. This method is based on total variation minimization, a classical signal restoration technique. In systematic evaluations, we show that our method combines top-notch detection performance with an ability to delineate relevant regions without excessive over-segmentation, making it a significant advance over existing methods. Software (Rendersome) is provided.
Status epilepticus: an evidence based guide
Authors: Matthew Walker
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Writing this article enabled Matthew Walker to revisit the few randomised controlled trials of status epilepticus.This confirmed how poor the data are and that there is little evidence to support one treatment regimen over another Status epilepticus is a prolonged seizure of any type.This article focuses mainly on the prolonged convulsion (convulsive status epilepticus) rather than non-convulsive status epilepticus.Though there is some debate about how long a convulsion has to last before being classified as status epilepticus, 30 minutes is generally accepted. 1Treatment should begin sooner, however, and a convulsion lasting longer than five minutes, or two convulsions without full recovery of consciousness in between, should usually receive emergency treatment.
Simultaneous detection of both hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA using a combined one-step polymerase chain reaction technique
Authors: Ke-Qin Hu, Chang-Hong Yu, Sunny Lee, Federico G. Villamil, John M. Vierling
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for diagnosis of HCV infection and evaluation of therapy. The sensitive hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA PCR is often reserved for detection of quantities of HBV DNA that are insufficient for hybridization. Application of both PCR techniques is limited by their labor-intensity, potential for contamination, and substantial time required for analysis. To study HCV and HBV infections, occurring alone or in combination, we developed a combined one-step PCR method to detect HCV RNA and HBV DNA in a single serum specimen using oligoprimers from the HCV 5' untranslated region and the HBV preS/S region. Specificity of the HBV and HCV PCR products was confirmed on the basis of their molecular sizes in positive samples, Southern blot hybridization, and negative controls. The sensitivities of the combined PCR were assessed using samples containing a wide range of defined amounts of HBV DNA and HCV RNA and were comparable with those obtained with conventional HBV DNA or HCV RNA PCR methods. The sensitivity of the combined method was further validated by the 100% concordance between results of its HBV and HCV components and those of conventional PCR methods in patients with HBV and/or HCV infections. The combined one-step HBV/HCV PCR is a sensitive, specific, rapid, and cost-effective method, especially suited for epidemiological screening and clinical diagnosis of HBV and HCV infections occurring alone or in combination.
Open Heart Surgery in the Community Hospital
Authors: Robert J. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Elsewhere in this issue (p 154), A. H. Khazei and his associates report on the feasibility of open heart surgery in the community hospital. Their concise article describes an effective program with excellent clinical results. Regional and community development of special facilities, such as those required for the conduct of open heart surgery, are important if highly technical modes of therapy are to be made available within reasonable geographic proximity to the serviced population. The development of such facilities in the community hospital requires, first, recognition of a need for such services based on community size. Duplication of similar facilities by multiple hospitals within the community, yet beyond the requirements of the serviced population, can only serve to dilute the programs and personnel involved, and magnify total costs in space, equipment, and training. Avoidance of such duplication can be achieved only if cooperative regional or community planning precludes such development.
Rules, abstractions, and evolution
Authors: Leonid Litman, Arthur S. Reber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perruchet &amp; Vinter's article, for all its breadth and scope, has several deep problems: specifically, an eccentric notion of rule, a narrow notion of what it means for a mental instantiation to be abstract, and a failure to take into account fundamental principles of evolutionary biology. While not the only problems, these three are sufficient to seriously weaken their arguments.