tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cases of Carcinoma of the Eye: With Remarks
Authors: J. Windsor
Journal: BMJ (1844)

GENTLEMEN,-I have been induced to communicate the following cases, with a few remarks appended, to the consideration of the society, as they appeared to me somewhat calculated to exhibit or coilfirri the propriety of the earliest attentioii of the surgeon being directed to a very iinportant form of disease.I have no intenition of, nor indeed, materials for, entering upon an inquiry itto the nature of carcino- matots saections iii general, the various types they assume, the parts they are most disposed to attack, of the most approved modes of combating them as they develop themselves.My aim on the present od- easion is sirmply, and I fear very iinperfectly, to describe orie form of malignaht disease ok carcinoma, as it occurs in the human eye.The first case i wish to relate, illustrative of this ihbction, occurred in the person of Elizabeth Wrigley, aged silt5t-one yeare, and residing near Oldhatn.She fbllobwed no btiihess, but only attended to her house- hold aftaira.She was admitted an out-patient of the Mainchestbr l9ye 1iospital, August 20, 1839.Her genedl kppearce wu soniewhat cachectic, and she appeared to be of a Very timid dispositioh.A tumor, about the bulk of a large pea or small hazel-nut, pro- jbeted from the coljunctiva, in the situation of the caruncula lachrymalis and valvula semilunaris.She first perceived it, As a small speck, about four mionths ago, arid it has since gradually increased to the size above mentioned.She was at this time meiely directed to bathe the eye frequently with the alum collyriutiu, to apply a little zinc ointment at bed-time
Vitamin-K Deficiency in Early Pregnancy
Authors: P. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Lovell ends by saying, "This epidemic disease of our time presents, above all else, a problem in preventive medicine."Can we not warn people of the circumstances which put them at increased risk through the usual media of communication ?It is very easy to say there is far too much doctor-induced illhealth among those who have suffered from cardiac infarction.2We can think of examples of patients in hospital who have had their cards sent to them by their employers, and some of our patients, once they are ill, receive no pay apart from sickness benefit, since they are not staff members.Aren't these factors likely to produce neurotic ill-health ?Further- more, it has been our experience that there are many patients who will inevitably fail under the stress of a coronary incident.-Weare, etc.,
BCG immunisation in England and Wales: a survey of policy and practice in schoolchildren and neonates.
Authors: C. A. Joseph, J. M. Watson, K. J. Fern
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine the policy and practice of district health authorities in England and Wales for BCG immunisation in schoolchildren and neonates.Self completion postal questionnaire survey.District immunisation coordinators.199 district health authorities in England and Wales.Questionnaires were received from 186 districts, a response rate of 94%. Considerable uniformity was observed in many aspects of BCG immunisation policy and practice but some important variations were found. 15 districts no longer carry out a routine schools programme. 148 districts offer BCG to selected groups of neonates and five to all neonates, but 31 districts do not offer BCG to this age group. The recommended action in response to different levels of tuberculin sensitivity in schoolchildren and neonates varied among districts.Despite the recommendations of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation some districts do not offer BCG immunisation to neonates at high risk of tuberculosis and there are important variations in other aspects of BCG policy.
Long-term potentiation: Does it deserve attention?
Authors: Shane M. O'Mara, Sean Commins, Colin Gemmell, John Gigg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Shors &amp; Matzel's target article is a thought-provoking attempt to reconceptualise long-term potentiation as an attentional or arousal mechanism rather than a memory storage mechanism. This is incompatible with the facts of the neurobiology of attention and of the behavioural neurophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons.
Limiting Therapy for Limited Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Ian Magrath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

During the first half of this century, surgery and radiation were the only effective treatments for cancer, and cure was possible only in patients with localized disease. The introduction of chemotherapy in the late 1940s has had a disappointingly limited effect on overall cancer mortality rates but a dramatic effect on mortality rates for specific cancers. In children with lymphomas, for example, the expectancy of cure is excellent. Several chemotherapy protocols now offer a chance of permanent eradication of the disease in 80 to 90 percent of patients, depending on the histologic subtype.14 This remarkable result has not been . . .
Abortion (Amendment) Bill.
Authors: Sheamus Dundon, A.D. Clift, M.A. Church
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Your editorial of Jan. 26 and the multi-signatory letter in your issue of Feb. 2 support the 1967 Abortion Act and suggest that Mr. Corrie's Bill is a retrograde step. The implication is that our professional knowledge should lead us to that conclusion. To take the opposite view risks being regarded as a member of a pressure group or a conscientious objector, but to remain silent might be construed as being in agreement. As I see it the great majority of people of varying ethnic groups, including those adhering to the Jewish, Muslim, and Christian faiths, subscribe to a behavioral code which regards human life as sacred: to take a life is to be countenanced only to save another. Abortion should be regarded as taking human life and morally wrong; making abortion legal does not make it morally right. Doctors are in a very difficult position, and cannot, no more than politicians can, make moral decisions for other people. Traditionally, however, the profession has a role in the responsibility for protection of life, and perhaps the public have a right to expect this protection. Human life begins at conception and some human rights begin at this time. Life (and its protection) seems to be a most basic right. The World Medical Association, in the Declaration of Oslo (1970), stated: "1. The first moral principle imposed upon the doctor is respect for human life as expressed in a clause of the Declaration of Geneva: 'I will maintain the utmost respect for human life from the time of conception.'" The 1967 Abortion Act did not result from a general referendum, much less a medical referendum. If the Corrie Bill is passed and abortions are cut by 2/3 as you suggest, this would, in my view, be a step, not back, but in the right direction.
Hearts over Time: Cardiovascular Mortality Risk Linked to Long-Term PM <sub>2.5</sub> Exposure
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Adverse respiratory effects and short-term hospital admissions have been linked to acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), but few studies have examined mortality risks associated with chronic exposure.Now, in Canada's first national-level cohort study of the subject, investigators report an association between cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to PM 2.5 [EHP 120(5):708-714; Crouse et al.].Most research examining associations between ambient air pollution and human health has used data generated by ground-based air-pollution monitors over short periods of time.But in the current study, researchers also calculated long-term exposure levels using satellite-based estimates of ground-level PM 2.5 .Study subjects consisted of 2.1 million adults who were included in the 1991-2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study.For residents of cities with ground-based air monitors, the investigators calculated average mean annual concentrations of PM 2.5 for the period 1987-2001 and assigned exposure levels to individuals based on their residence during that time.They also calculated exposure estimates for the whole cohort for the period 2001-2006 based on satellite remote sensing observations.
Familial Reticuloendotheliosis with Eosinophilia
Authors: Gilbert S. Omenn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

REPORTS of proliferative and infiltrative disorders of the reticuloendothelial system in children have documented a fascinating and frustrating category of disease. Most of these cases of multiorgan involvement and of unknown etiology have in common a proliferation of histiocytes in the tissues and a lack of evidence of inheritance.1 , 2 However, several families have been described in which 2 or more children have developed an illness resembling the Letterer–Siwe syndrome.3 , 4 Whether this incidence represents genetic transmission, common exposure to some environmental agent or organism or merely chance is unclear. No known family has been affected in more than 1 sibship.This . . .
ACE inhibitors improve endothelial function in type 1 diabetic patients with normal arterial pressure and microalbuminuria.
Authors: G Arcaro, B M Zenere, F Saggiani, M G Zenti, T Monauni, A Lechi, M Muggeo, R C Bonadonna
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The purpose of this study was to test whether a short-course treatment with ACE inhibitors may restore endothelium-dependent and/or -independent vasodilation in the femoral artery of microalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes and normal arterial pressure.We studied nine normotensive microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients and two groups of control subjects matched for femoral artery diameter to type 1 diabetic patients after placebo (control group A, n = 17) and ACE inhibitor (control group B, n = 18) treatment, respectively. The patients were enrolled in a double-blind cross-over study with a 1-week trial of either placebo, captopril (25 mg t.i.d.), or enalapril (10 mg/day) in randomized order to ascertain whether short-term ACE inhibition obtained with (captopril) or without (enalapril) a sulfhydryl donor molecule ameliorates vessel wall function. Endothelium-mediated flow-dependent vasodilation and endothelium-independent vasodilation were evaluated in the right common femoral artery by echo Doppler.Both captopril and enalapril normalized (control group B 22.9+/-3.2% per 8 min) endothelium-dependent response (19.6+/-7.5 and 18.0+/-5.3 vs. -10.4+/-4.1% per 8 min, P < 0.01, for both captopril and enalapril versus placebo, respectively) in the type 1 diabetic patients. Captopril (28.4+/-3.5 vs. 17.1+/-3.5% per 5 min during placebo, P < 0.05) but not enalapril (20.1+/-3.0 vs. 31.7+/-2.8% per 5 min, P < 0.05 for enalapril versus control group B, and NS for captopril vs. control group B) ameliorated endothelium-independent vasodilation in type 1 diabetic patients.ACE inhibition improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery of normotensive microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients. Captopril also ameliorates endothelium-independent vasodilation, possibly through its sulfhydryl donor properties. These results may be of pathophysiological relevance to prevent cardiovascular complications in these patients.
Spontaneous regression of infantile digital fibromatosis
Authors: W.J. Ryman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Spontaneous regression of infantile digital fibromatosis Get access W.J. Ryman W.J. Ryman Department of Dermatology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Pyrtnont Bridge Road, Camperdown. Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 1, 1 January 1990, Page 119, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08253.x Published: 01 January 1990
Liver function tests and absolute lymphocyte count at day +100 are predictive factors for extensive and severe chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant
Authors: Fernando Silva, José A. Pérez‐Simón, Teresa Caballero Velazquez, Cristina Encinas, Fermín M. Sánchez‐Guijo, María Díez‐Campelo, Enrique Colado, Jesús Martín, Fernanda Villanueva‐Gomez, Lourdes Vazquez, Consuelo del Cañizo, Dolores Caballero, Jesús San Miguel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
Sphincter-Saving Operations for Cancer of the Rectum
Authors: S. Arthur Localio, Kenneth Eng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

EARLY attempts to cure rectal cancer were restricted to local removal by the perineal or sacral approach. In 1908, Ernest Miles described a radical operation for rectal cancer that encompassed all zones of lymphatic spread of the tumor.1 On the basis of pathological studies in patients who had died of rectal cancer, he recognized the need for an abdominal approach to control the upward spread of tumor through lymphatics running with the superior hemorrhoidal vessels. These patients had far advanced disease, with occlusion of proximal lymphatics and retrograde spread of tumor to the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal lymphatics. He therefore . . .
ADJUVANT TREATMENT WITH POLYADENYLIC-POLYURIDYLIC ACID (POLYA.POLYU) IN OPERABLE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Jean Lacour, Alfred Spira, Jean-Yves Petit, Danièle Sarrazin, Fanny Lacour, Michael Michelson, Geneviève Delage, Geneviève Contesso, Jeannine Viguier
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Signaling Pathways Responsible for Fetal Gene Induction in the Failing Human Heart
Authors: Koichiro Kinugawa, Wayne A. Minobe, William M. Wood, E. Chester Ridgway, John D. Baxter, Ralff C. J. Ribeiro, Magdy F. Tawadrous, Brian A. Lowes, Carlin S. Long, Michael R. Bristow
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We have previously demonstrated that changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms that occur in failing human hearts resemble the pattern produced in rodent myocardium in response to hypothyroidism. Because thyroid hormone status is usually within normal limits in these patients, we hypothesized that failing/hypertrophied human myocardium might have a defect in thyroid hormone signaling due to alterations in expression of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). Methods and Results —To examine this hypothesis, we used RNase protection assay to measure mRNA levels of TRs in failing left ventricles that exhibited a fetal pattern of gene expression, ie, decreased expression of α-MHC with increased β-MHC expression compared with left ventricles from age-matched controls. We detected expression of TR-α 1 , -α 2 , and -β 1 isoforms in human left ventricles. In failing left ventricles, TR-α 1 was downregulated, whereas TR-α 2 , a splice variant that does not bind thyroid hormone but inhibits responses to liganded TRs, was increased. Expression levels of TR-β 1 did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. According to linear regression analysis, expression levels of TR-α 1 and -α 2 were positively and negatively correlated with those of α-MHC, respectively. Conclusions —We conclude that decreases in TR-α 1 and increases in TR-α 2 may lead to local attenuation of thyroid hormone signaling in the failing human heart and that the resulting tissue-specific hypothyroidism is a candidate for the molecular mechanism that induces fetal gene expression in the failing human ventricle.
Vesical Varices in a Patient with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Yves Gaspar, Olivier Detry, Jean de Leval
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Portal hypertension is a frequent consequence of cirrhosis and may lead to dilated venous collaterals. Usually, varices due to portal hypertension develop in the lower esophagus, stomach, or rectum and rarely in other parts of the digestive tract.1 Extraintestinal ectopic varices are very rare. We recently treated a patient with cirrhosis who had gross hematuria from vesical varices. A 54-year-old woman with ongoing alcohol abuse had a sudden onset of profuse gross hematuria. She had a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, complicated by decompensated ascites and ruptures of esophageal varices, and chronic pancreatitis. She had undergone sclerotherapy . . .
Transforming growth factorβ1 increases the number of apoptotic bodies and decreases intracellular pH in isolated periportal and perivenular rat hepatocytes
Authors: Antonio Benedetti, Antonio di Sario, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Anne Marie Jezequel
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is involved in promoting cell death by apoptosis in the liver, whereas the activation of Na+/H+ exchanger has been related to cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to gain information on the effects of TGF beta 1 on intracellular pH and Na+/H+ exchange activity in isolated periportal (PP) and perivenular (PV) rat hepatocytes using the pH-sensitive dye BCECF in a perfused subconfluent hepatocyte monolayer. Steady-state intracellular pH (pHi) in a bicarbonate-free solution (HEPES) were 7.17 +/- 0.031 in PP and 7.15 +/- 0.041 in PV cells. Treatment with TGF beta 1 (120 pmol/L) for 7 hours increased the number of apoptotic bodies by 25% and 38%, and decreased steady-state pHi to 7.11 +/- 0.018 (P = .05) and to 7.07 +/- 0.021 (P < .02), respectively, in PP and PV hepatocytes. In HEPES, cells recovered from an acid load, extruding protons at a rate (JH) of 4.85 +/- 1.01 mmol/L/min in PP cells and of 4.91 +/- 0.99 mmol/L/min in PV hepatocytes. This recovery appeared amiloride inhibitable (1 mmol/L). Culture with TGF beta 1 for 7 hours induced (in HEPES) a decrease of pHi recovery rate from an acid load more in PV (by 46%) than in PP hepatocytes (by 35%, P < .05). Acute administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 to 100/mL) induced an increase in Na+/H+ exchange activity by 32% and 27%, respectively, in PP and PV cells compared with controls. In contrast, in cells cultured for 7 hours with 120 pmol/L TGF beta 1, the acute administration of EGF slightly increased Na+/H+ exchange activity (by 18%, P < .05) only in PP cells. This study demonstrates that pHi and Na+/H+ exchange activity are decreased by TGF beta 1, which increases the number of apoptotic bodies in periportal and perivenular rat hepatocyte primary cultures.
Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest Using High-Dose Epinephrine
Authors: Bruce W. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read with interest the report by Drs Koscove and Paradis<sup>1</sup>describing the use of high-dose epinephrine in the resuscitation of patients refractory to advanced cardiac life support. We recently treated a patient who responded similarly to a high dose of epinephrine, although this was given earlier in the resuscitation than it was in the recently described cases. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 46-year-old, 65-kg man with a history of intravenous drug abuse and no history of heart disease was brought to the emergency department by his wife, who saw him collapse outside their home shortly after self-administration of unknown intravenous drugs. On arrival approximately 20 minutes later, he was apneic and pulseless. Initial electrocardiographic monitoring showed the patient to be in asystole. As cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated, the patient was intubated and received atropine, 1 mg, and epinephrine, 1 mg, via endotracheal
Multiple Imaging Findings in SAPHO Syndrome
Authors: Payam S. Pahlavan, William D. Leslie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

SAPHO syndrome is an acronym for a clinical entity characterized by synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome, even though not all components always coexist. We report a case of a 62-year-old female presenting with a lytic manubrial lesion. Diagnoses of metastasis or infection were initially entertained but excluded on open biopsy, and SAPHO syndrome was confirmed on additional investigation and follow-up. Striking imaging findings included intense uptake on bone scintigraphy, photopenia on white blood cell imaging, and dramatically elevated lumbar spine bone density on dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Identification of a B cell differentiation factor(s) spontaneously produced by proliferating T cells in murine lupus strains of the lpr/lpr genotype.
Authors: G J Prud'Homme, C L Park, T M Fieser, R Kofler, F J Dixon, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Lymph node and spleen cells of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse strain spontaneously produce (in the absence of mitogenic stimulation) a factor(s) that induces B cell differentiation. This factor is not produced by the congenic MRL/n mouse strain that lacks the lpr gene or by normal mouse strains. However, lymphoid cells of the B6-lpr/lpr (B6/1) strain also produce a B cell differentiation factor. Although the factor acts on resting B cells, its effect is greatly magnified by activating the B cells with anti-mu or lipopolysaccharide. MRL/l mice begin producing the factor as early as 1 mo of age but levels increase with age and appearance of lymphoproliferation. Cell depletion studies reveal that this factor is produced by T cells of the Lyt-1+2-phenotype. Because of its association with the lpr/lpr genotype, we term this B cell differentiation factor L-BCDF. Functional analysis of L-BCDF reveals that it acts regardless of cell density in culture and in the absence of interleukin 2 (IL-2). In fact, the increase in the production of L-BCDF by MRL/1 T cells with aging occurs concomitantly with a marked decrease in their ability to produce IL-2. No T cell replacing factor activity or B cell growth factor-like activity can be detected in MRL/l-derived supernatants. L-BCDF induces both IgM and IgG synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells; however, it has a greater effect on IgG secretion. In particular, the production of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b are markedly enhanced in the presence of L-BCDF. The spontaneous production of L-BCDF by T cells of SLE mice of lpr/lpr genotype suggests an association of this factor with autoimmunity.
Sunscreens, skin photobiology, and skin cancer: the need for UVA protection and evaluation of efficacy.
Authors: F P Gasparro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Sunscreens are ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-absorbing chemicals that attenuate the amount and nature of UVR reaching viable cells in the skin. They are selected and tested for their ability to prevent erythema. No sunscreen prevents photodamage, as it has been demonstrated that suberythemal doses of UVR cause a variety of molecular changes (including DNA damage) in these cells. Furthermore, the spectrum of UVR reaching viable cells is altered by topically applied sunscreen. In this review, the basic aspects of sunscreens and skin photobiology are reviewed briefly. Although there can be no question concerning the efficacy of sunscreens for the prevention of erythema, questions remain because of the possible cumulative effects of chronic suberythemal doses and the increased exposure of skin cells to longer UVR wavelengths. The current major issue surrounding sunscreens involves their ability to protect skin cells against the effects of UVA radiation. These UVA effects may be direct damage (base oxidations) or effects on the skin immune system, yet there is no uniformly accepted method for the evaluation of UVA protection. This review is focused primarily on the latter topic covering action spectra that implicate the need for UVA protection. In addition, in vivo and in vitro methods proposed for the evaluation of candidate sunscreen formulations of UVA protective ability are reviewed. Finally, revisions in the terminology used to describe the protection afforded by sunscreens are suggested. It is proposed that SPF ("sun" protection factor) be renamed "sunburn" protection factor and that "critical wavelength" be designated "long wave index."