tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells Exposed to Inorganic Arsenite and Its Methylated Trivalent Metabolites
Authors: Pei-Fen Su, Yu-Jie Hu, I-Ching Ho, Yang-Ming Cheng, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Inorganic arsenic is an environmental carcinogen. The generation of toxic trivalent methylated metabolites complicates the study of arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis. This study systematically evaluated the effect of chronic treatment with sodium arsenite (iAs(III)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) on immortalized human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1 cells) using cDNA microarray. After exposure for 25 passages to iAs(III) (0.5 microM), MMA(III) (0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 microM), or DMA(III) (0.2 or 0.5 microM), significant compound-specific morphologic changes were observed. A set of 114 genes (5.7% of the examined genes) was differentially expressed in one or more sets of arsenical-treated cells compared with untreated controls. Expression analysis showed that exposure of cells to DMA(III) resulted in a gene profile different from that in cells exposed to iAs(III) or MMA(III), and that the iAs(III)-induced gene profile was closest to that in the tumorigenic HUC-1-derived 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenic cell line MC-SV-HUC T2, which was derived from SV-HUC-1 cells by methylcholanthrene treatment. Of the genes affected by all three arsenicals, only one, that coding for interleukin-1 receptor, type II, showed enhanced expression, a finding confirmed by the reduced increase in NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa B) activity seen in response to interleukin-1beta in iAs(III)-exposed cells. The expression of 11 genes was suppressed by all three arsenicals. 5-Aza-deoxycytidine partially restored the transcription of several suppressed genes, showing that epigenetic DNA methylation was probably involved in arsenical-induced gene repression. Our data demonstrate that chronic exposure to iAs(III), MMA(III), or DMA(III) has different epigenetic effects on urothelial cells and represses NF-kappaB activity.
Menstrual History as a Determinant of Current Bone Density in Young Athletes
Authors: Barbara L. Drinkwater
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The relationship of prior menstrual irregularities and current menstrual status to the bone density of 97 young athletes was determined at seven sites using single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. Menstrual patterns were ranked on a scale of 1 to 9 in terms of their potential adverse affect on bone. Only vertebral density was significantly related to menstrual patterns (<i>r</i>= —.43). Women who had always had regular cycles had higher lumbar densities (1.27 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) than those with a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea interspersed with regular periods (1.18 g/cm<sup>2</sup>). The lumbar density of both groups exceeded that of women who had never had regular cycles (1.05 g/cm<sup>2</sup>). Body weight became more important as a predictor variable as the severity of menstrual irregularities increased. The combination of menstrual pattern and body weight predicted 43% of the total variation in lumbar density. These data suggest that extended periods of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea may have a residual effect on lumbar bone density. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:545-548)
Hazards for elderly people admitted for respite and social care
Authors: M. Gill
Journal: BMJ (1986)

during their stay.But the term "social admission" is inaccurate-"desperate admission" would be more pertinent.These patients have usually experienced a rapid deterioration in their health before admission, due to organic brain syndromes, multiple system disease, or severe physical frailty, and sometimes all three.The high mortality rate from these medical conditions is therefore scarcely surprising.The authors present no data on their patients' health before admission for us to judge their-pre- existing morbidity.Labelling chronically ill elderly patients as "social problems" contributes to therapeutic des- pondency in the ward team.It is also unfair and demeaning-elderly people do not deserve to be bracketed with soccer hooligans.
Fine mapping of quantitative trait nucleotides underlying thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor antigen levels by a transethnic study
Authors: Corinne Frère, David-Alexandre Tregouet, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Noémie Saut, Dinar Kouassi, Irène Juhan-Vague, Laurence Tiret, Marie-Christine Alessi
Journal: Blood (2006)
Interleukin 21-conditioned dendritic cells promote T cell reactivity through the downregulation of ICOS-L
Authors: M Kavousanaki, N Orphanos, D T Boumpas, P Verginis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Interleukin 21 (IL21) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by promoting B cell differentiation or by altering Th17 and Treg function. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent regulators of immune responses, with mature cells …
HOMOGENEOUS ARTERIAL HEALING BETWEEN CULPRIT AND NON-CULPRIT SEGMENTS AFTER DEPLOYMENT OF ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE OCTAMI TRIAL.
Authors: Satoko Tahara, Hiram G. Bezerra, Giulio Guagliumi, Hiroyuki Kyono, Vasile Sirbu, Orazio Valsecchi, Alessandro Aprile, Motaz Baibars, Giuseppe Musumeci, Marco A. Costa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Minocycline for acne
Authors: R E Ferner, C. Moss
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Acne is sometimes severe enough to cause psychological and physical scars, but for the most part it is a physiological inconvenience and few would risk their lives to be free from it. The drugs generally used to treat it should not, therefore, cause serious adverse effects. Minocycline has been promoted as a useful drug for treating acne because it is well absorbed, even when taken with food, and it need be taken only once or twice a day. However, there is increasing evidence that it can sometimes produce severe adverse effects.

The series of seven patients reported by Gough et al (p 169) provides more evidence that minocycline causes an unusual form of drug induced liver disease, in which hepatitis, sometimes with the histological features of chronic active hepatitis, is associated with polyarthralgia and positive antinuclear antibodies.1 As would be …
Gynaecomastia in renal failure.
Authors: R. M. Freeman, R. L. Lawton, M. O. Fearing
Journal: BMJ (1968)

prophylaxis is all-important, and here doctors and nurses should obviously occupy leading roles.The finding that so many members of the medical and nursing professions them- selves become victims of drug-dependence and alcoholism once more illustrates the urgent need for much better coverage of these subjects in the medical and nursing curri- culum.-Iam, etc., St. Bernard's Hospital, ?A M. GLATT.
Abstract 2265: Sub-fractions of conditioned medium, from hypoxia-induced cells with multipotent potential, exhibit a significant anti-oncogenic activity
Authors: Emmett Pinney, Mayra Montes-Camacho, Kayler Brintle, Christian Posch, Rhiana Menen, David Easter, Michael Bouvet, Robert Hoffman, Gail Naughton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We have previously shown that a human soluble cell conditioned media (CCM) from hypoxia-induced, potentially multipotent cells, grown in a perfusion bioreactor system inhibits tumor cell growth in vitro and in two animal models. Here we present data that indicate that a low molecular weight sub-fraction from the CCM has an increased anti-oncogenic activity. This activity was demonstrated in orthotopic pancreatic models, nRAS melanoma assays and over 10 additional human cancer cell lines in vitro. In an orthotopic BxPC3 pancreatic cancer model, there was a statistically significant improvement in survival following weekly intravenous injections of 0.1ml of sub fractioned CCM, as well as a significant improvement with 0.5ml intraperitoneal injections post-resection, as measured by Kaplan Meier analysis (p&amp;lt;0.05) (figures below). Uveal and nRAS melanoma cancer cell growth was inhibited by greater than 90% in in-vitro proliferation assays. The mechanism of action of the CCM is the induction of apoptosis through the upregulation of Caspase 3 and 9, as demonstrated by immunostaining of Annexin V and immunoblot ayalysis. In a Miapaca nude mouse daily dose study, tumor mass and metastatic extent was substantially reduced in treated mouse versus the control. Further, in a BXPC3 nude mouse daily dose study, 60% (p&amp;lt;0.05) of treated mice were tumor free after four weeks of treatment, while only 10% were tumor free in the control group . Little or no apparent drug toxicity was observed. These results indicate that the CCM sub-fraction could be a useful raw material for a treatment for a large range of neoplastic diseases. Citation Format: Emmett Pinney, Mayra Montes-Camacho, Kayler Brintle, Christian Posch, Rhiana Menen, David Easter, Michael Bouvet, Robert Hoffman, Gail Naughton. Sub-fractions of conditioned medium, from hypoxia-induced cells with multipotent potential, exhibit a significant anti-oncogenic activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2265
Differential efficacy of L- and T-type calcium channel blockers in preventing tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling in dogs
Authors: S Fareh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Background: Tachycardia-induced remodeling likely plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance and recurrence after cardioversion, and Ca2+ overload may be an important mediator. This study was designed to evaluate the relative efficacies of selective T-type (mibefradil) and L-type (diltiazem) Ca2+-channel blockers in preventing tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling. Methods: Dogs were given daily doses of mibefradil (100 mg), diltiazem (240 mg) or placebo in a blinded fashion, beginning 4 days before and continuing through a 7-day period of atrial pacing at 400 bpm. An electrophysiological study was then performed to assess changes in refractoriness, refractoriness heterogeneity and AF duration. Results: Mean duration of burst-pacing induced AF was similar in placebo (567±203 s) and diltiazem-treated (963±280 s, P = NS) animals, but was much less in mibefradil-treated dogs (3.6±0.9 s, P<0.002) and non-paced controls (6.6±2.7 s). In contrast to mibefradil, diltiazem did not alter tachycardia-induced refractoriness abbreviation or heterogeneity. To exclude inadequate dosing as an explanation for diltiazem's inefficacy, we studied an additional group of dogs treated with 720 mg/day of diltiazem, and again noted no protective effect. Acute intravenous administration of diltiazem to control dogs failed to alter atrial refractoriness or AF duration, excluding a masking of remodeling suppression by offsetting profibrillatory effects of the drug. Conclusions: Whereas the selective T-type Ca2+-channel blocker mibefradil protects against atrial remodeling caused by 7-day atrial tachycardia, the selective L-type blocker diltiazem is without effect. These findings are potentially important for understanding the mechanisms and prevention of clinically-relevant atrial-tachycardia-induced remodeling.
NOS inhibitors in colitis: a suitable case for treatment?
Authors: T D WARNER, S A McCARTNEY
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 180 

Nitric oxide (NO) is now well characterised as a physiologically important molecule, acting most notably as an intra- and intercellular messenger within the cardiovascular and nervous systems.1 To fulfil these functions NO is produced in a tightly controlled manner by calcium dependent, constitutively expressed nitric oxide synthases (cNOS) present within endothelial and neural cells. Under pathological conditions, however, NO acts very differently from a benign signalling molecule. In these circumstances NO is produced in large, apparently tissue damaging amounts by inducible, calcium unregulated nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). For example, in inflammatory bowel disease the presence of high local concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 8, is associated with the induction of iNOS and so the continuous local generation of NO,2 3 possibly in very great amounts.4 Notably, this difference in NO production between cNOS and iNOS enzymes is not due, as is often remarked, to the inducible isoform of NO synthase being capable of producing more NO than the constitutive forms. Indeed, cNOS and iNOS enzymes function with very similar kinetics, co-factor requirements and substrate affinities. The important characteristic of …
When My Father Died
Authors: Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

On Being a Doctor19 June 2007When My Father DiedHarriette Gillian Christine Van Spall, MDHarriette Gillian Christine Van Spall, MDFrom the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 258, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I had never known failure, sorrow, loss, or despair, until all of them descended upon me when my father died.I had always admired my father. His childhood adversities had shaped him into an extraordinary man. At the age of 7, I announced my intention to pursue a career in medicine. When Dad asked me to explain why, I replied earnestly, “So that I can take care of you someday!” My career goals remained unchanged. I became a physician, ultimately to pursue training in cardiology.During my sixth week of cardiology training, I learned that Dad had developed pedal edema ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 258, Canada.Current Author Address: Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall, MD, Postgraduate Cardiology Office, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, East Wing 5-559, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; e-mail, h.[email protected]ca. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byStudent and Faculty Cases 19 June 2007Volume 146, Issue 12Page: 893-894KeywordsAngiographyBlood banksCardiac surgeryDyspneaGratitudeLesionsOutpatientsSurgeonsSurgeryUltrasound imaging ePublished: 19 June 2007 Issue Published: 19 June 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Marihuana effects. A survey of regular users
Authors: J. A. Halikas
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A study of 100 regular marihuana users indicated that marihuana use is  a pleasant experience with few aversive effects, either during intoxication or afterwards. However, 16% reported that they usually experience one or more unpleasant acute or postintoxication effects, and a majority occasionally experience some aversive effect, including anxiety symptoms, feelings of derealization, and memory impairment.
Epigenetic regulation of nuclear PI-PLCbeta1 signaling pathway in low-risk MDS patients during azacitidine treatment
Authors: M Y Follo, D Russo, C Finelli, S Mongiorgi, C Clissa, C Filì, C Colombi, M Gobbi, L Manzoli, M Piazzi, A M Martelli, L Cocco
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Medical journals can reduce global health inequity, conference told
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors from the developing world feel that the world's leading journals are biased against publishing their research and are not playing their role in reducing global heath inequity, an international conference heard last week.

This was one of several perceived barriers to publication identified during a workshop, hosted by the BMJ , at the conference on the global inequity of health care and development held in Egypt.

Publishing research from developing countries was seen as an essential step to reduce inequities in health and development across the world. Delegates felt that journals were preventing the dissemination of results that could help to reduce global health inequity.

Ninety five per cent …
Cutaneous signs as a presenting manifestation of alcohol excess
Authors: S. Wahie, C.M. Lawrence
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We describe three patients who presented with a total of four episodes of an inflammatory dermatosis associated with alcohol abuse. In each case, the rash had similar characteristic features. The patients responded promptly to emollients and topical steroids but not to zinc replacement therapy. Other nutrient deficiencies were not identified. In addition, long-term remission seemed to be dependent on a reduction in alcohol consumption. We postulate that this is a separate cutaneous manifestation of chronic alcohol misuse and that this syndrome may be more common than previously thought.
P645T2-mapping cardiac MRI for in vivo quantification of myocardial area-at-risk
Authors: RK Dongworth, AE Campbell-Washburn, T Roberts, DM Yellon, MF Lythgoe, DJ Hausenloy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart against acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Assessing their cardioprotective efficacy requires measurement of infarct size (IS) and the "area-at-risk (AAR). T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) can delineate the AAR in vivo by detecting areas of oedema following IRI. However, clinical studies suggest that some cardioprotective interventions can reduce the extent of oedema measured by T2-weighted cMR, thereby affecting AAR measurement by this cMR method. We sought to investigate the validity of T2-mapping cMR for in vivo AAR quantification in hearts protected by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Methods: B6SV129 mice were subjected to in vivo acute IRI comprising LAD ligation for 30 minutes followed by 72 hours reperfusion. IPC-treated animals were subjected to a standard cardioprotective protocol of 5 minutes ischaemia and 5 minutes reperfusion prior to the main ischaemic insult. Following 3 days reperfusion, mice underwent cMR consisting of late-gadolinium enhancement and T2-mapping for assessment of infarct size and putative AAR, respectively. Immediately following cMR, hearts were excised and subjected to histological staining using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evan's blue for infarct size and AAR, respectively. Assessment of cMR quantifications was performed by comparison with equivalent histological staining of left ventricular myocardial slices for infarct size (IS/LV%) and AAR (AAR/LV%). Results: cMR T2-maps of the myocardium in control and IPC-treated mice showed clearly defined regions of elevated T2-signal in spatially distinct regions of the myocardium. Comparison of T2-maps and histological staining for each slice demonstrated good agreement in the spatial localisation of AAR judged by T2-cMR and histology. Quantification of AAR from T2-maps showed no significant difference to AAR quantified by ‘gold-standard’ histological staining in control mice (AAR/LV% control: T2-cMR 60.4±2.4; versus histology 64.3±2.5: n=6, p>0.05). Importantly, T2-cMR significantly underestimated AAR in in IPC treated mice (AAR/LV% IPC: T2-cMR 46.0±13.2; versus histology 59.8±7.8: n=10, *p<0.05). Conclusions: Although the T2-mapping cMR protocol developed in here permits accurate quantification of myocardial area-at-risk in control mice following IRI; crucially, IPC significantly reduced the area of oedema and thus invalidated AAR measurement by T2-cMR in this model in the presence of IPC. Further investigation of the validity of T2-cMR for in vivo AAR assessment is now required for other therapeutic interventions.
A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF THE ENDEAVOR DRUG (ABT-578) ELUTING STENT VERSUS TAXUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: THREE-YEAR OUTCOMES FROM ENDEAVOR IV
Authors: Ajay Kirtane, Rikesh Patel, Charles O’Shaunessy, Brent McLaurin, David E. Kandzari, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Skeletal Fracture
Authors: H. Heath, L. J. Melton, C. P. Chu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THERE is considerable evidence that many people with diabetes mellitus of either juvenile or adult onset have moderately reduced bone mass (osteopenia).1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 For example, Levin et al.10 measured bone density by photon absorption in the forearms of 136 diabetics with various clinical characteristics and found reductions in bone mass that ranged from 10 to 20 per cent below means for appropriate controls. The decrements were not much different in juvenile-onset diabetes as compared with adult-onset diabetes; in fact, the greatest reduction was in patients with "mild" adult-onset diabetes treated with oral agents.10 Some investigators have suggested that persons with uncontrolled . . .
BASAL TEMPERATURE VERSUS BASAL METABOLISM
Authors: BRODA BARNES
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Basal temperature is defined here as the body temperature taken under conditions which are usually considered as necessary for determining basal metabolism. That is to say, the individual should have had a good night's rest, no food for twelve hours and no exercise or excitement. Unless the patient is in the hospital or the test is run in the home a true basal metabolic rate is not obtained, for the exercise of dressing and going to the laboratory will have an appreciable influence on the oxidative rate. The half hour or hour rest is a poor compromise for basal conditions. This is not the most serious criticism of the determinations of basal metabolism, however. Many more errors are made when the patient is unable to relax because of nervous tension. Although the normal person would not be excited by such an examination, the person needing such a test is not
Demerol-Isuprel Switch by Addicted Nurses
Authors: Edward R. Bloomquist
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The California Bureau of Narcotics has recently advised me that nurse addicts are substituting 1 cc ampules of isoproterenol (Isuprel) hydrochloride for 1 cc 50 mg ampules of meperidine (Demerol) hydrochloride. The substitution is made possible by the similarity of size and color coding of the two products. The addict "messes up" the label and slips the Isuprel ampule into the narcotics box, removing the Demerol ampule as she does so. Unless careful attention is taken to read each of these ampules the substitution may slip by with disastrous results. The manufacturer has been notified.
A NOTE ON A "PROTEOSE-LIKE" SUBSTANCE IN SPINAL FLUID
Authors: Purcell G. Schube, Richard C. Whitehead
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)

An ether-alcohol reaction in the spinal fluid is described. The end-product of this reaction is a flocculent material possessing the properties of a proteose-like substance. This proteose-like substance is present in all spinal fluids examined.
Following the Hedgehog to New Cancer Therapies
Authors: Andrzej A. Dlugosz, Moshe Talpaz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Two studies in this issue of the Journal 1,2 describe a new drug, GDC-0449, that inhibits the hedgehog signaling pathway. This pathway orchestrates numerous processes throughout embryogenesis, and although the pathway seems inactive or dispensable in most adult tissues, it becomes reactivated in a wide range of cancers.3 For this reason, blockade of the hedgehog pathway could yield a greater degree of selectivity and fewer side effects in the treatment of cancer than conventional chemotherapy. The preliminary data in these two studies raise hopes that this may indeed be the case.In the phase 1 study by Von Hoff et . . .