tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and electrocardiographic response during exercise in patients with normal rest electrocardiographic results
Authors: Nasaraiah Nallamothu, Massroor Ghods, Jaekyeong Heo, Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of exercise thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) response in patients with normal baseline ECG results. Previous studies comparing exercise thallium imaging with exercise electrocardiography have included patients with abnormal rest ECG results that may have biased the results in favor of thallium imaging. Of 321 patients with a pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease of 70 ± 29% (mean ± SD) who underwent exercise stress testing and coronary angiography, 68 had no coronary artery disease; 94 had one-vessel disease; 79 had two-vessel disease; and 80 had three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease. The diagnostic accuracy of SPECT was higher than that of the ECG response (79% vs. 49%, p < 0.0001). Patients with extensive (left main or three-vessel) coronary artery disease were older and had a lower work load, lower heart rate, greater ST segment depression and more extensive perfusion abnormalities than patients with no disease or one- or two-vessel disease. Multivariate discriminant analysis of exercise and thallium variables identified multivessel thallium abnormalities (F = 35), exercise heart rate (F = 18) and extent of ST segment depression (F = 6) as independent predictors of extensive disease. Of the 80 patients with left main or three-vessel disease, 37 (46%) had ≥2-mm ST segment depression, 44 (55%) had multivessel SPECT abnormalities, and 61 (76%) had either ≥2-mm ST depression or multivessel SPECT abnormalities (p = 0.0005 vs. the ECG response; p = 0.01 vs. SPECT). In patients with an intermediate to high pretest probability of coronary artery disease and normal baseline ECG results, SPECT is superior to the ECG response in detecting coronary disease. Further, SPECT provides incremental power in identifying patients with extensive (left main or three-vessel) coronary disease.
Relation of Osteopenia to Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy in Addison Disease
Authors: Mark H. Wener
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 August 1994Relation of Osteopenia to Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy in Addison DiseaseSheldon S. Stoffer, MD and Jesse Krakauer, MDSheldon S. Stoffer, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Jesse Krakauer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Zelissen and colleagues' [1] impressive sample of 91 patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for Addison disease confirm our long-held suspicion that long-term treatment with standard replacement doses of glucocorticoids may induce bone loss. The authors suggested that the correct determination of the dose required for glucocorticoid replacement is empiric. They stated that “for practical purposes, the correct dose is the lowest possible dose that allows the patient to feel well without producing symptoms of hypocortisolism”Physicians now routinely use sensitive serum thyroid-stimulating hormone assays to carefully monitor levothyroxine replacement [2]. Treatment of adrenal insufficiency has advanced only ...References1. Zellisen PM, Croughs RJ, Van Rijk PP, Raymakers JA. Effect of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on bone mineral density in patients with Addison disease. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:207-10. Google Scholar2. Helfand M, Crappo LM. Monitoring therapy in patients taking levothyroxine. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113:450:4. Google Scholar3. Stoffer SS. Addison's disease: how to improve patients' quality of life. Postgrad Med. 1993; 93:265-76. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 3Page: 235-237KeywordsCortisolGlucocorticoid therapyHormone replacement therapyMineralocorticoidsOsteopeniaThyroidThyroid hormonesThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroxineUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional Polymorphisms in the IRF1 Gene May Influence IgE Regulation and Atopy
Authors: M SCHEDEL, L PINTO, D CHERKASOV, L CAMERON, N KLOPP, T ILLIG, C VOGELBERG, S WEILAND, E VONMUTIUS, M LOHOFF
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Lexical universals of kinship and social cognition
Authors: Anna Wierzbicka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Jones recognizes the existence of “primitives of conceptual structures,” out of which “local representations of kinship are constructed.” NSM semantics has identified these primitives through a cross-linguistic search for lexical universals (“NSM” stands for Natural Semantic Metalanguage and also for the corresponding linguistic theory). These empirical universals provide, I argue, a better bridge between cognitive anthropology and evolutionary psychology than the abstract constructs of OT, with dubious claim to conceptual reality.
Associations between symptoms of irritable colon and psychological and social conditions and lifestyle.
Authors: R Johnsen, B K Jacobsen, O H Forde
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a survey of risk factors for coronary heart disease 14 102 middle aged men and women answered a questionnaire on lifestyle, diet, and health, including symptoms of functional abdominal disorders. The overall prevalence of reports of one or both of the abdominal symptoms of "bloating and rumbling" or "cramping abdominal pain" was 28% in men and 35% in women. Only a weak negative association between age and prevalence of reported pain was found in both sexes. Women reported abdominal symptoms, especially cramping abdominal pain, significantly more commonly than men. In a multiple regression analysis abdominal symptoms were much more strongly associated with symptoms of mental stress such as depression, sleeping difficulties, problems of coping, and the use of analgesics than with lifestyle, dietary, and social variables together. The association was stronger in subjects reporting both symptoms. This strong and consistent association between functional abdominal disorders and psychological and social problems suggests that action other than prescribing drugs, diets, or radiography is required.
The DLEU2/miR-15a/16-1 Cluster Controls B Cell Proliferation and Its Deletion Leads to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ulf Klein, Marie Lia, Marta Crespo, Rachael Siegel, Qiong Shen, Tongwei Mo, Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato, Andrea Califano, Anna Migliazza, Govind Bhagat, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
738 BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND METABOLISM IN NON-CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: W.P. Hofmann, B. Kronenberger, J. Bojunga, B. Stamm, E. Herrmann, A. Buecker, U. Mihm, M. von Wagner, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Treatment of Radiation Proctitis with Argon Plasma Coagulation
Authors: None Tam, None Moore, None Schoeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Radiation proctitis is a troublesome complication of pelvic irradiation for malignancy. One common and occasionally serious complication is rectal bleeding. Therapeutic options for this condition are limited. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of rectal bleeding due to radiation proctitis.Fifteen patients referred for treatment of rectal bleeding due to radiation proctitis were offered APC during flexible sigmoidoscopy. Data were collected retrospectively to assess patients' response to treatment. Patients were asked to score overall well-being, bleeding, fecal urgency, incontinence, and stool frequency. Transfusion requirements and nadir hemoglobin before and after treatment were also recorded. Matched data were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Rectal bleeding improved significantly after treatment with APC (median pre-treatment score = 3, median post-treatment score = 1; P<0.001). Transfusion requirements ceased in three patients who had previously been anemic. Hemoglobin levels increased from a mean of 108 g/l to 133 g/l in 13 patients. In addition, other parameters of bowel function, including urgency, incontinence, and stool frequency, improved significantly after treatment. Two patients developed rectal strictures after therapy, but these were asymptomatic and treated with rectal dilation. No other complications were observed.APC improved patient well-being and significantly reduced rectal bleeding in patients with radiation proctitis. Transfusion requirements were also reduced. APC is useful and safe in patients in whom radiation proctitis is refractory to other treatments.
On Monsters and Marvels
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Paré's book on monsters, which stems from the late 16th century, is now available to English readers. The 19th-century editor of Paré's works, Malgaigne (from whose text of 1840 the present work is translated), called it "one of the most curious books of the French Renaissance." At first glance the most striking feature is the abundant woodcuts, which illustrate various "monsters"—with two heads, or four limbs, or an additional trunk; hermaphrodites, Siamese twins, amelias, skeletal deformities in great variety; together with some pathological curiosities other than obstetric prodigies. There are also many strange animals once deemed quite marvellous—rhinoceros, whale, giraffe, and toucan, among others—as well as some mythological creatures. Some of these monsters Paré himself had seen. Others were vouched for by friends or had appeared in printed sources, which go back to Pliny. The different entities are the subjects of some 39 short chapters that provide some exposition. Some
Nisoldipine echocardiography: a new method for assessing myocardial viability after acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis
Authors: S. Rosanio, I. Sheiban, S. Tonni, M. Tocchi, A. Anzuini, G. Rosano, P. Pagnotta, M. Montorfano, S. Chierchia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Incontinence in the Nursing Home
Authors: Joseph G. Ouslander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Urinary and fecal incontinence are prevalent, disruptive, and expensive health problems in the nursing home population. Nursing home residents who are incontinent of urine should have a basic diagnostic assessment, including a focused history and bladder record, a targeted physical examination, a urinalysis, and a determination of postvoid residual urine volume done by catheterization or ultrasonography. Potentially reversible conditions, such as fecal impaction and drug side effects, should be identified and treated. Selected residents should have further urodynamic evaluation or other diagnostic tests. Prompted voiding, a simple, noninvasive behavioral intervention, is effective in managing daytime urinary incontinence in one quarter to one third of incontinent nursing home residents. If it is to be effective over a long period of time, this intervention must be targeted to those residents most likely to respond. Selected nursing home residents will benefit from other behavioral interventions, drug therapy, or surgery. Because of the morbidity associated with it, long-term catheterization should only be used for specific indications. Like urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence may be caused by potentially reversible conditions. After such conditions have been excluded, fecal incontinence can generally be managed effectively by avoiding fecal impaction and by using a systematic bowel-training protocol.
Essential thrombocythemias without V617F JAK2 mutation are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders
Authors: J-J Kiladjian, N Elkassar, B Cassinat, G Hetet, S Giraudier, N Balitrand, C Conejero, J Briere, P Fenaux, C Chomienne, B Grandchamp
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Futile Treatments in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Robert D. Truog, Douglas B. White
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Bioterrorism and Patent Rights: "Compulsory Licensure" and the Case of Cipro
Authors: David B. Resnik, Kenneth A. De Ville
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2002)

This paper discusses ethical and policy issues relating to the U.S. government's decision not to override Bayer's patent on Cipro in response to increased demands for the drug in the wake of the anthrax bioterrorism scare. Although the government had the legal authority to override the patent, the decision to not override the patent was morally justified. What is true for Cipro is also true for most other patented pharmaceutical agents. While the federal government clearly possesses the legal power to use and sanction the use of patented intellectual property without the consent of the patentee, this authority should be exercised only sparingly with regard to pharmaceutical products. Instead, government policy makers should maintain a strong presumption against overriding patents, and are morally justified in overriding patents only if the action satisfies five stringent conditions: 1) the medication plays a key role in the government's response to a bona fide national medical emergency; 2) there are no alternative remedies; 3) negotiations made in good faith to obtain the medication or a license to produce the medication have failed; 4) the government compensates the company nonetheless; and 5) the action is limited in time or has a sunset clause. We recognize that this series of threshold tests, if followed, will limit government action against pharmaceutical patents in all but a few cases, but believe that moral considerations and overall social good warrant these narrow and exacting criteria.
Intestinal graft-versus-host disease is initiated by donor T cells distinct from classic cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: D L Thiele, M L Eigenbrodt, S E Bryde, E H Eigenbrodt, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In these studies, the role of T helper and T cytotoxic cells in generating intestinal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) was examined. Treatment of C57BL/6J (B6) splenocytes with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe) selectively removes natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors, and the capacity to cause lethal GVHD in irradiated B6xDBA/2 F1 (B6D2F1) mice while preserving T helper cell function. Neither control nor Leu-Leu-OMe-treated DBA/2 donor spleen and bone marrow cells were found to induce lethal GVHD in B6D2F1 recipients. However, extensive colonic GVHD developed in B6D2F1 recipients of DBA/2 bone marrow and spleen cells. Enteropathic GVHD in DBA/2----B6D2F1 mice was reduced in severity after anti-L3T4 + C treatment of donor cells, and was eliminated by anti-Thy1.2 + C or the combination of anti-L3T4 and anti-Lyt2 + C treatment of the donor cell inoculum. However, neither anti-Lyt2 + C, Leu-Leu-OMe, nor anti-Lyt2 + C and Leu-Leu-OMe treatment of donor cells significantly decreased severity of gut GVHD. Leu-Leu-OMe treatment of DBA/2 or B6 SpC was comparably effective in preventing in vitro or in vivo generation of B6D2F1-specific CTL. These findings, therefore, demonstrate that histologically severe enteropathic GVHD does not require participation of CTL and is not always associated with high mortality rates.
INTUSSUSCEPTION IN AN ADULT DUE TO A POLYP OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
Authors: I. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1928)

comfortable if the hole points downwards.The distance from the exterior to the nasopharynx is about three inches.The catheter can be conveniently fixed to the cheek by a piece of sticking-plaster.Prolonged personal use shows that passing the gas through warmed water lessens the
Overexpression of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Independent of <i>fak</i> Gene Copy Number
Authors: Marta Canel, Pablo Secades, Juan-Pablo Rodrigo, Rubén Cabanillas, Agustín Herrero, Carlos Suarez, María-Dolores Chiara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The development of human malignancies can involve the aberrant regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways that regulate cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Purpose: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at both genetic and protein expression levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and to explore the prognostic significance of FAK. Experimental Design: A total of 211 tissue specimens, including 147 primary tumors, 56 lymph node metastases, 3 benign hyperplasias, and 5 dysplasias, were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The fak gene dosage was determined in 33 tumors. Correlations among DNA, protein, and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed. Results: FAK protein was overexpressed in HNSCCs compared with corresponding normal mucosa. High expression levels were found in 62% of the samples. Positive immunostaining was also detected in benign hyperplasias and preinvasive dysplastic lesions. All lymph node metastases examined showed FAK overexpression, with significant correlation with the expression in matched primary tumor. DNA copy number ratios for fak were higher in 39% of the tumors compared with normal mucosa. However, elevated FAK expression did not correlate with gains on DNA level, and not all cases with an amplification of the fak gene displayed protein overexpression. Similar data were obtained in five HNSCC-derived cell lines, in which FAK mRNA levels were precisely correlated with FAK protein levels. FAK protein overexpression in tumors correlated with nodal metastases. Conclusions: These findings suggest an involvement of FAK in the onset and progression of HNSCC and provide an insight into a mechanism of FAK activation alternative to gene amplification.
Compounding the Error
Authors: N G Levinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Do inadequate supervision and excessive work schedules of resident physicians seriously threaten the quality of patient care in teaching hospitals? A New York State commission has implicitly answered yes to this question by recommending new regulations that would substantially alter traditional arrangements. I reach different conclusions from my experience as chief of medicine in a municipal hospital and a university teaching hospital during the past 20 years.Supervision of ResidentsIn theory, the guiding principle behind supervision on teaching services is graded responsibility. Residents may deliver a particular kind of medical care without direct supervision only when they have achieved . . .
Association between alcohol consumption and mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in 25 year follow up of 49 618 young Swedish men
Authors: A. Romelsjo, A. Leifman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Several epidemiological studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced mortality from cardiovascular diseases in middle aged and elderly subjects,1 but its effect in younger people is unknown. High alcohol consumption is associated with increased total mortality, but the findings for stroke have varied.1 2 We analysed the association between alcohol consumption and the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality in a 25 year follow up of military conscripts.

This study is based on 49 618 Swedish men conscripted between 1 July 1969 and 30 June 1970 and born between 1949 and 1952.2 At conscription, all men were given two questionnaires with questions covering social background, behaviour, and use of alcohol and tobacco, and all met with a psychologist for assessment. The percentage of non-responders was between 1% and 2%.

From questions about quantity and frequency …
Impact of the hajj on pneumococcal transmission
Authors: Z.A. Memish, A. Assiri, M. Almasri, R.F. Alhakeem, A. Turkestani, A.A. Al Rabeeah, N. Akkad, S. Yezli, K.P. Klugman, K.L. O'Brien, M. van der Linden, B.D. Gessner
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Increased Activity on Immediate Phase of Bone Imaging Does Not Always Indicate Increased Blood Volume
Authors: D L WEBSTER, G A HURWITZ, L L DeVEBER, M TROSTER, A A DRIEDGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The immediate Tc-99m MDP image of a neoplastic right wrist mass in a 10-year-old boy demonstrated intense focal accumulation that suggested a very vascular tumor, but delayed images showed only slightly increased activity in the mass. A Tc-99m labeled RBC study was performed to permit whole-body blood pool imaging for other vascular lesions, and it did not demonstrate an increased blood volume in the mass. Biopsy showed the tumor to be a Ewing's sarcoma, probably of soft tissue origin. The sarcoma was not very vascular. The intense immediate accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in this case may be attributed to increased microvascular permeability.
The Role of β Cell Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Signaling in Glucose Regulation and Response to Diabetes Drugs
Authors: Eric P. Smith, Zhibo An, Constance Wagner, Alfor G. Lewis, Eric B. Cohen, Bailing Li, Parinaz Mahbod, Darleen Sandoval, Diego Perez-Tilve, Natalia Tamarina, Louis H. Philipson, Doris A. Stoffers, Randy J. Seeley, David A. D’Alessio
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)