tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Entry and integration of transplanted hepatocytes in rat liver plates occur by disruption of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium
Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Pankaj Rajvanshi, Rana Sokhi, Sanjeev Slehria, Ana Yam, Andrew Kerr, Phyllis M. Novikoff
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To establish the process by which transplanted cells integrate into the liver parenchyma, we used dipeptidyl peptidase IV–deficient F344 rats as hosts. On intrasplenic injection, transplanted hepatocytes immediately entered liver sinusoids, along with attenuation of portal vein radicles on angiography. However, a large fraction of transplanted cells (&gt;70%) was rapidly cleared from portal spaces by phagocyte/macrophage responses. On the other hand, transplanted hepatocytes entering the hepatic sinusoids showed superior survival. These cells translocated from sinusoids into liver plates between 16 and 20 hours after transplantation, during which electron microscopy showed disruption of the sinusoidal endothelium. Interestingly, production of vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in hepatocytes before endothelial disruptions. Portal hypertension and angiographic changes resulting from cell transplantation resolved promptly. Integration of transplanted hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma required cell membrane regenesis, with hybrid gap junctions and bile canaliculi forming over 3 to 7 days after cell transplantation. We propose that strategies to deposit cells into distal hepatic sinusoids, to disrupt sinusoidal endothelium for facilitating cell entry into liver plates, and to accelerate cell integrations into liver parenchyma will advance applications of hepatocyte transplantation
A randomised cluster evaluation of a parenting programme to address child development and maternal wellbeing in Uganda
Authors: D R Singla, E Kumbakumba, F E Aboud
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundThe first 24 months of a child's life are now recognised to be crucial for later growth and development. We evaluated a community-based parenting programme targeting relevant practices in northern, rural Uganda.MethodsA randomised cluster design, with baseline and endline measurements, was used to evaluate a parenting programme in Lira, Uganda. Intervention caregivers of children aged 12–36 months attended 12 bimonthly group sessions, led by a peer educator, which focused on hygiene, nutrition, psychosocial stimulation, and maternal care. The main outcome variable was Bayley III cognitive and receptive language development. Secondary outcomes included dietary diversity, HOME stimulation, and maternal depressive symptoms and perceived spousal support. Ethics approval was received from Mbarara and McGill Universities. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01906606.FindingsA total of 319 mother–child dyads were enrolled across 12 clusters; 291 dyads (91·2%, 160 intervention and 131 control) completed the parenting programme and endline assessment. At endline, children of intervention parents compared with controls had significantly higher mean Bayley cognitive scores (58·9 vs 55·7, d=0·35, 95% CI 0·11–0·58) and higher receptive language scores (23·9 vs 22·4, d=0·23, 0·00–0·46). The intervention also had significant effects on improving parenting practices including HOME scores (30·9 vs 26·5, d=1·08, 95% CI 0·83 to 1·33), dietary diversity (3·47 vs 3·03, d=0·52, 0·29 to 0·76), reducing maternal depressive symptoms (15·3 vs 18·6, d=–0·29, −0·52 to −0·05), and improving perceived positive support from spouses (5·2 vs 4·5, d=0·26, 0·01 to 0·51).InterpretationParenting programmes can improve child development and maternal wellbeing in rural settings with low and middle income.FundingPlan Uganda.
Platelet Function and Coagulation Profile in Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: MARTHA G. REGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Platelet function and coagulation profile were examined in 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A qualitative platelet defect was found in 12 of 21 consecutive patients tested, which consisted of absent collagen-induced aggregation and impaired ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation (nonresponder group). Impaired platelet function correlated with clinical severity of disease and seemed to result from an antiplatelet function factor(s) that was (were) detectable in the serum of three of seven patients tested in the nonresponder group. None of the four patients tested in the responder group had the factor(s). The coagulation profile done in 50 patients showed a circulating anticoagulant in three patients, elevated fibrinogen degradation products in five other patients, and nonspecific isolated abnormal findings in seven patients. Two of the circulating anticoagulants were identified as IgG and IgG + IgM immunoglobulins.
Nephrotoxicity Associated with Zoxazolamine Administration
Authors: John M. Streitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ZOXAZOLAMINE† has been in use since 1956 as a relaxant of skeletal-muscle spasm. Amols1 found the drug to be useful, safe and productive of few side effects. The important side effects were largely gastrointestinal, consisting of nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramping, usually prevented by ingestion of the drug with food. In 1957 Cohen2 reported that zoxazolamine administration caused a mild, transitory nephropathy and a mild gastroenteritis in a thirty-eight-year-old man who had taken 1 tablet. The only urinary symptom was increased frequency. Urinalysis showed a ++ test for albumin and a specific gravity of 1.003, and microscopical examination revealed 4 . . .
Drug Therapy for Breast-Feeding Women
Authors: S Ito
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Breast-feeding is the best method of feeding neonates and young infants.1 Its popularity has increased in recent years,2 although in 1995 only about 60 percent of new mothers in the United States were breast-feeding their infants at the time of hospital discharge.3 Current recommendations suggest that in the absence of contraindications, women should breast-feed their infants for at least the first 12 months of life. However, many mothers are likely to need to take medications at some point during this time.4,5 The possible effects of these medications on breast-fed infants are therefore of great concern.Benefits of Breast-FeedingBreast-feeding . . .
P2-13-04: Testing Women with Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer for BRCA Mutations.
Authors: DL Turco, N Elsayegh, J Litton, GN Hortobagyi, B Arun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common type of invasive breast cancer behind infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). ILC makes up approximately eight percent of all invasive lesions. In addition, the mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma histology makes up approximately seven percent of all invasive diagnoses. There are several biologic differences that are demonstrated by ILC compared to other common pathologies. They are more frequently bilateral and multicentric. They tend to be seen in women slightly older than the average age of diagnosis and are usually ER positive. It is also known that individuals with a genetic predisposition have an increased risk to develop breast cancers. Women with a mutation in their CDH1 gene have up to a 39% chance to develop ILC. The majority of hereditary breast cancer is caused by germ line mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Women with a mutation in their BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have up to an 87% risk to develop an invasive breast cancer, however, the presence of ILC in this population has not been well defined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of germline BRCA mutations in a cohort of patients both with pure ILC, as well as mixed ILC/IDC. Methods: A retrospective chart review revealed one hundred and sixty nine women with ILC and mixed ILC/IDC who underwent genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes through the Clinical Cancer Genetics Program at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Women are referred for genetic testing using referral guidelines based on the NCCN guidelines, this usually involves a personal history of early onset breast cancer and/or a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Results: Out of the 169 patients, 19 (11.24%) were found to have a germline mutation in their BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. A significant majority (73.7%) of these patients were BRCA2 positive. Five women tested for a variant of uncertain significance. The average age of diagnosis for the cohort was 55.6 years (range 30–87); while the average age of diagnosis for a positive patient was 49.4 years (range 30–72). Of the 62 women with pure ILC, 5 (8.06%) were positive for a BRCA gene mutation. Historically, out of all the patients with breast cancer referred and tested through the Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, approximately 15% test positive, and research shows that in the general population, 7–10% of breast cancer patients will test positive. Conclusions: while the positivity rates between the cohorts are not statistically significant, we have shown that patients with a BRCA mutation can develop ILC in addition to the more commonly seen IDC. We suggest that patients continue to be referred for genetic counseling according to the NCCN guidelines, regardless of the pathology of their tumor. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-04.
Risk of Suicide Among Persons With AIDS
Authors: Timothy R. Coté
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —We sought to describe the rate, risk, trends, methods, and distribution of suicide among persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —We used National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause mortality data from 1987 through 1989 to identify suicides among persons with AIDS (PWAs) and public-access AIDS surveillance data to determine person-years of observation of PWAs. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Residents of the United States with death certificates indicating suicide. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Death certificates indicating both AIDS and suicide. <h3>Results.</h3> —In 1987 through 1989, a total of 165 suicides among PWAs occurred in 45 states and the District of Columbia. All but one case were male. Among males the rate was 165 per 100000 person-years of observation, 7.4-fold higher than among demographically similar men in the general population. Self-poisoning with drugs was both the most common method (35%) and the method with the highest standardized mortality ratio (35). Suicide risk for PWAs decreased significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) from 1987 to 1989. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Persons with AIDS have an increased risk of suicide, and assessment of such risk should be a standard practice in their care. These assessments should be carefully considered when potentially lethal medications are prescribed. The declining trend in suicide rates between 1987 and 1989 is encouraging; possible causes include emerging therapies for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, better psychiatric care for these patients, and lessened social stigma against PWAs. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:2066-2068)
Aluminium accumulation and immunosuppressive effect in recipients of kidney transplants.
Authors: K. P. Nordal, E. Dahl, D. Albrechtsen, J. Halse, T. Leivestad, S. Tretli, A. Flatmark
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Aluminium that has accumulated in the body is thought to have a generalised cytotoxic effect. A prospective study of aluminium accumulation in bone-that is, subclinical aluminium toxicity--was carried out in 94 recipients of kidney allografts, who were followed up for three years. Subclinical aluminium toxicity was found in 66 patients. A significantly smaller proportion of patients with aluminium accumulation experienced a rejection episode: 30 (58%) nu 12 (86%) who received grafts from cadavers and 4 (29%) nu 10 (71%) who received grafts from living donors. On multivariate analysis only the source of the kidney and aluminium accumulation were found to influence the rejection rate. These findings suggest that aluminium accumulation has an immunosuppressive effect.
Neoadjuvant temozolomide followed by complete resection of a 1p- and 19q-deleted anaplastic oligoastrocytoma: Case study
Authors: Alfredo D. Voloschin, David N. Louis, Garth R. Cosgrove, Tracy T. Batchelor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2005)

A 38-year-old woman presented with an infiltrative tumor of the right frontal lobe and genu of the corpus callosum that was deemed only partially resectable. A stereotactic biopsy was performed, which revealed a right frontal oligoastrocytoma that had some anaplastic features as well as allelic loss of chromosome arms 1p and 19q. The patient was treated with temozolomide for 24 months. The partial response of the tumor to chemotherapy rendered the lesion amenable to gross total resection, which was performed subsequently. The patient remains alive and well without evidence of recurrence 7 months after resection and 48 months after initial diag-nosis. Thus, preoperative chemotherapy decreased tumor mass to a degree that subsequently enabled a gross total resection. This treatment strategy, although common in the treatment of other solid tumors, is rarely utilized in adult neuro-oncology and raises another potential role for chromosome testing in oligodendroglial tumor management.
E-Cadherin Deficiency Initiates Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma in Mice and Man
Authors: Bostjan Humar, Vanessa Blair, Amanda Charlton, Helen More, Iain Martin, Parry Guilford
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The importance of loss of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin (encoded by CDH1) to tumor progression is well established. However, CDH1 germ-line mutations predispose to the cancer susceptibility syndrome hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), suggesting a role for E-cadherin in tumor initiation. The earliest indications of cancer in the stomachs of CDH1 mutation carriers are microscopic foci of intramucosal signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC; designated "eHDGC"). Here, we used N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to promote gastric carcinogenesis in wild-type (wt) and cdh1(+/-) mice. MNU induced a variety of gastric tumors; however, intramucosal SRCC developed with an 11 times higher incidence in cdh1(+/-) mice compared with wt mice. The murine SRCC resembled the human eHDGCs in that they were hypoproliferative, lacked nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, and had reduced membrane localization of E-cadherin and its interacting junctional proteins. The down-regulation of E-cadherin in the murine SRCCs confirmed the importance of the second CDH1 hit to the initiation of diffuse gastric cancer. CDH1 promoter hypermethylation has been proposed to be a major second hit in advanced HDGC; however, its contribution to eHDGC was unknown. We thus examined a series of human eHDGC and detected CDH1 promoter methylation in 50% of foci. Promoter methylation was accompanied by reduced wt CDH1 mRNA levels in the foci and had a monoclonal pattern, consistent with an epigenetic initiation of disease. Together, these findings provide compelling evidence for a deficiency in cell-to-cell adhesion being sufficient to initiate diffuse gastric cancer in the absence of hyperproliferation and beta-catenin activation.
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Childhood and Adult Asthma
Authors: Benjamin A. Raby, Ross Lazarus, Edwin K. Silverman, Steven Lake, Christoph Lange, Mathias Wjst, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been associated with several immune-related diseases, and VDR and vitamin D itself modulate T cell differentiation. VDR maps to chromosome 12q, near a region commonly linked to asthma. We evaluated VDR as part of a 12q positional candidate survey, and in response to observations of VDR polymorphism associations with asthma and atopy in a founder population of Quebec. Twenty-eight loci in 7 positional candidates (7 in VDR) were genotyped in 582 families. Whereas other candidates demonstrated no association, the VDR ApaI polymorphism demonstrated significant transmission distortion, with undertransmission of the C allele in a ratio of 4:5 (p = 0.01). This association was most prominent in girls, in whom distortion was more marked (p = 0.009). Sex-specific associations between multiple VDR polymorphisms and immunoglobulin E levels were also observed (p = 0.006-0.01). Asthma associations were replicated in a second cohort (517 females with asthma and 519 matched control subjects): 4 of 6 VDR variants demonstrated significant association (p = 0.02-0.04). The direction of association in this second cohort was opposite to the effects seen in the trios, but similar to findings in the Quebec study. These results suggest that VDR influences asthma and allergy susceptibility in a complex manner.
Use of Gamma Globulin
Authors: Philip M. Stimson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To  Editor:—  The answer to Dr. Arata's question about  prevention of measles (JAMA176:971 [June 17] 1961), would not satisfy me. He had been advised that  administration of gamma globulin materially lessened immunity to measles.This was not answered. Varying with  dosage and  number of days after an infecting exposure, gamma globulin gives partial or complete immunity for as long as  donor's antibodies survive in  patient, usually around 3 weeks. It cannot lessen a patient's immunity, but fortifies it.  Also, Dr. Dingle's answer states that the use of gamma globulin is recommended only in children under  age of two years and in those for whom measles constitutes a special risk. On page 23 of  1961 Report of  Committee on  Control of Infectious Diseases of  American Academy of Pediatrics, one reads, In older children and adults with no history
Wider public interest may come before issues of confidentiality
Authors: M. Brazier
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Must I let this patient to see her records?” is the question a lawyer would generally expect to be asked. Some doctors are wary of allowing patients unrestricted access to their records, but this paediatrician offered his former patient open access. He sought to ensure that she would understand what she read and that she had support in dealing with the potential distress caused by discovering a childhood trauma. Since the Access to Health Records Act 1990 applies only to notes compiled after November 1991, he was under no legal obligation; none the less, he chose to recognise his ethical obligation to share information with his former patient.

What ensued was not, as the …
Endocardial and Intimal Lesions (Jet Impact) as Possible Sites of Origin of Murmurs
Authors: JESSE E. EDWARDS, HOWARD B. BURCHELL
Journal: Circulation (1958)

This series of papers constituted the second Symposium on Cardiovascular Sound conducted in association with the Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association. The symposium took place on Friday, October 25, 1957, at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago. The chairman of the morning sessions was Dr. Hans H. Hecht of Salt Lake City; Dr. J. Willis Hurst of Atlanta was chairman for the afternoon sessions. The first symposium was published in Circulation 16 : 270, and 414, 1957. This publication was made possible by a grant-in-aid front the National Heart Institute, U.S. Public Health Service, and by contributions from Mr. Arthur L. Humphries, The Rena and Walter Burke Foundation, Lakeside Laboratories, Burroughs-Welcome Company, and the Wyeth Laboratories.
Hydrochlorate of Cucaine in Diseases of the Throat and Nose
Authors: M. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1884)

tion of the forimier.It is more than prol)able, however, wvhen oneo considers the complexity of tlhe cord, that restoration of tl mlsicle- lharmony may follow in tlhe couirse of tinmc, an,d eveittually the knieejork be recovered, non-uniiioni of the iferve still existing.
That joke isn't funny any more
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I worked in Australia in the early 1990s, a time of economic downturn and uncertainty in the United Kingdom. Many doctors left with a view to possible emigration to Australia. The large expat contingent of Scots, Irish, Welsh, and English junior doctors roamed and chatted in the hospital corridors at 3 am, chasing the overtime. We shared much with the Aussie doctors: binge drinking, gratuitous swearing, rudeness, and sarcastic and generally offensive, abrasive humour. They derided us as whingeing poms, and they in turn were bragging Aussies. They referred to …
Jejunal Biopsy in Childhood
Authors: D. Burman, G. D. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MCLJORAmeal was booked and she was discharged on June 23.She was readmitted on June 29 as the epigastric pain had continued and become more severe.She had vomited once.She was apyrexial and there was only moderate epigastric tenderness without signs of peri- tonitis.Over the next 48 hours, however, her pulse rate rose and she developed signs of a generalized peritonitis.At laparotomy on July I she was found to have gangrene of the middle 3 ft. of the small bowel and gross oedema of the mesentery due to thrombosis of the mesenteric veins.Good pulsation was felt in the mesenteric arteries.The infarcted bowel was resected.Intravenous heparin 10,000 units six- hourly and tetracycline were commenced im- mediately post-operatively.The heparin was discontinued on July 15 because the patient had three melaena stools.She made a good recovery and was discharged on August 10.Two months later she was symptom free, having one bowel action a day, and had maintained her weight.This case seems worth reporting be- cause it illustrates:(1) The duration of symptoms before infarction of the bowel occurs--in this case four weeks.(2) That with timely resection of in- farcted bowel and immediate post- operative anticoagulant therapy survival is possible.(3) That the condition may begin in the later weeks of pregnancy, and may in this case have contributed to the intra- uterine death.We are grateful to
Scedosporium apiospermum infection imitating lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in a patient with myeloblastic-monocytic leukaemia
Authors: L. TÖRÖK, G. SIMON, A. CSORNAI, M. TÁPAI, I. TÖRÖK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Scedosporium apiospermum infection imitating lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in a patient with myeloblastic‐monocytic leukaemia Get access L. TÖRÖK, L. TÖRÖK Department of Dermatology, County Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, Nagykörõsi ú 15, H‐6000, Kreskemét Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. SIMON, G. SIMON National Institute for Dermato‐Venereology, Budapest, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. CSORNAI, A. CSORNAI Blood Transfusion Station, Kecskemét, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. TÁPAI, M. TÁPAI Department of Dermatology, County Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, Nagykörõsi ú 15, H‐6000, Kreskemét Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. TÖRÖK I. TÖRÖK Semmelweis University of Medicine, Department of Dermato‐Venereology, Budapest, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 5, 1 November 1995, Pages 805–809, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02763.x Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Accepted: 16 December 1994 Published: 01 November 1995
Inactivating Icmt ameliorates K-RAS–induced myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Annika M. Wahlstrom, Briony A. Cutts, Meng Liu, Annika Lindskog, Christin Karlsson, Anna-Karin M. Sjogren, Karin M. E. Andersson, Stephen G. Young, Martin O. Bergo
Journal: Blood (2008)