tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Amebiasis of Clitoris Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: Bhagirath Majmudar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

AMEBIC infection of the genital tract is rare, even in countries where intestinal amebiasis is endemic. To our knowledge, 75 cases of amebiasis of the female genital tract have been reported in the English literature, 1-10 only six of them being from the United States. 1-3 The last reported case of genital amebiasis from this country was in 1954. 3 Furthermore, although cervical, vaginal, and vulvar amebiasis has been reported, a case of exclusive clitoral involvement has not been previously cited.  Report of a Case  A 48-year-old woman came to the out-patient clinic of the Grady Memorial Hospital with a nine-month history of a painful and pruritic vulvar lesion. Her physician had treated her with nystatin suppositories, but she failed to improve. She denied any gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and systemic symptoms, except for a burning micturition.  Clinical Findings.—  In the clitoral region, there was a well-circumscribed, greyish-white, slightly elevated, fungating lesion
β1-Adrenergic Blockade Augments Pulsatile PTH Secretion in Humans
Authors: Claus P. Schmitt, Jennifer Obry, Reinhard Feneberg, Johannes D. Veldhuis, Otto Mehls, Eberhard Ritz, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Pulsatile peptide hormone secretion provides efficient control of specific end organ functions. To test the hypothesis that sympathetic neuronal activity drives synchronous pulsatile PTH release from the parathyroid glands, we investigated the acute effects of β1-adrenergic receptor blockade on PTH secretion patterns in a single-blinded study in nine healthy adults. Plasma PTH levels were determined at 1-min intervals. After a 75-min baseline period, seven subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of the short-acting β1-adrenergic receptor blocker esmolol for 105 min. After a 30-min washout period, esmolol was infused for another 30 min. Two additional subjects were randomized to receive solvent infusions. PTH secretion characteristics were analyzed by multiparameter deconvolution analysis, and the orderliness of plasma PTH fluctuations by Approximate Entropy statistics. BP slightly decreased during esmolol infusion, whereas heart rate, ionized calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and plasma and urine catecholamines remained unchanged. Esmolol increased mean plasma PTH by 33 ± 8% (P < 0.01), due to a preferential increase in the pulsatile PTH secretion component (+129 ± 44%, P < 0.02). The increased pulsatile PTH secretion was mediated by an augmented PTH burst mass (+117 ± 42%, P < 0.01), whereas burst frequency remained unchanged. The regularity of PTH fluctuations was not affected by the β-adrenergic blockade. The effects were reproducible during the second esmolol infusion. The authors conclude that the sympathetic nervous system has a modulating effect on pulsatile PTH secretion. Selective β-1 adrenergic blockade acutely increases plasma PTH by augmenting the mass of hormone secreted per burst, but it does not alter the rhythmicity of pulsatile PTH release.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IMMUNOASSAYS IN DETECTION ON NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS
Authors: BentNørgaard Pedersen, AnneGitte Rasmussen, Jørgen Hangaard, Sumski Simaga, Keld Sørensen, Urs Brodbeck, DavidJ.H. Brock, Lilias Barron, VeronicaVan Heyningen
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
The French connection: how I found orthopaedic surgery on the internet
Authors: Marnie Clark
Journal: BMJ (2006)

O ne Saturday last December I found myself unpacking my suitcase in a room in a French clinic, awaiting a hip resurfacing operation. How had I got to this stage? How was I going to communicate with the staff, whose command of English seemed to be about as good as my command of French—not wholly adequate? All the notices were in French, and I had little idea what was going to happen next.

I had been having increasing difficulty with my left leg for about three years. As a keen walker I had assumed my problem was soft tissue damage. In 2003 I was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon who thought, after reviewing the x ray pictures, that nothing needed to be done about my mild to moderate osteoarthritis.

> I can't wait to see the orthopaedic surgeon's face when I tell him it has all been done 

Throughout 2004 and the first six months of 2005 the pain in my leg came and went and my mobility …
THE ENIGMA OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: WALTER T. DANNREUTHER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The art and the science of medicine advance by a process of slow evolution. While it is true that the research worker occasionally makes a discovery that materially alters our conception of a diagnostic or a therapeutic problem, as a rule the clinician is compelled to rely on his personal observations, intellectual exercise, and a study of the current literature for his own professional progress. Even in the light of past experience, ectopic gestation always taxes our diagnostic resources and surgical judgment. Its etiology seems mysterious; it is not characterized by pathognomonic symptoms; the differential diagnosis is difficult, and its immediate treatment often a matter of debate. Except for acute appendicitis, it supplies the operating table with more emergent and tragic cases than any other lesion of the lower abdomen. I have attempted a graphic portrayal of the different types of clinical problems, in an effort to elucidate the underlying
The AMA's Campaign Against Cholesterol-Reply
Authors: Arthur Ulene
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> The belief by Dr Stare that a high level of blood cholesterol is of minor importance as a risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease is an opinion that is not shared by the majority of experts in this subject area. A total blood cholesterol level of 6.21 mmol/L more than doubles the risk of death due to coronary heart disease compared with a level of 5.17 mmol/L; a level of 7.76 mmol/L quadruples the risk.<sup>1,2</sup>There also is substantial evidence that lowering total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels independently will reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease significantly.<sup>3-5</sup> Dr Stare correctly notes that dietary cholesterol plays a lesser role in the development of hypercholesterolemia than does the excessive intake of saturated fat and that smoking, obesity, diabetes, and a sedentary life-style also are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Had he spoken
Prognostic Factors in Meningococcal Disease-Reply
Authors: N. Barquet, P. Domingo, J. A Cayla
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Dr Radetsky has raised the important point of the ability of preadmission antibiotic therapy to significantly decrease the risk of a fatal outcome. As he observed, we did not stratify the relationship between preadmission antibiotic therapy and outcome by clinical form of meningococcal disease in the primary series of patients (derivation set). Such a stratification is shown in the Table, and demonstrates that when the ability of preadmission antibiotics to improve survival was examined by clinical form of the disease, preadmission antibiotic therapy could improve survival in each of them. However, the differences were statistically significant only in the acute form and when all forms were analyzed together. The subacute form showed a trend to significance, whereas in the fulminant form, the low number of patients provided inadequate power to test the hypothesis. The assumption that preadmission antibiotic therapy was more frequent in subacute and acute forms of the disease is correct
Mapping the Risk of Anaemia in Preschool-Age Children: The Contribution of Malnutrition, Malaria, and Helminth Infections in West Africa
Authors: Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Archie C. A. Clements
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Ricardo Soares Magalhães and colleagues used national cross-sectional household-based demographic health surveys to map the distribution of anemia risk in preschool children in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Mali.
Influence of C4 null genes on infection with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: P U Cameron, T J Cobain, W J Zhang, P H Kay, R L Dawkins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The hypothesis that complement is important in the host response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was tested. Complement C4 and Bf allotypes were determined in 26 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for persistent generalised lymphadenopathy due to HIV, 72 homosexuals who were negative for antibody to HIV, and 185 control subjects drawn from the local population. HLA-A, B, and DR were also typed and the phenotypes examined for the presence of supratypes and C4BQ0. Eleven patients (42%) had C4B null alleles compared with only 13 (18%) homosexuals who were negative for antibody and 28 (15%) controls. From estimates of gene frequencies the difference between the patients with lymphadenopathy and the controls was significant after conservative correction. In the patients only a minority (six) of the C4B null alleles were contained within ancestral haplotypes. Together with the fact that C4 null alleles result in partial deficiency of C4, this finding suggests that products of complement genes are important in infection with HIV or its consequences, or both. A role is proposed for complement and Fc receptors.
PREFRONTAL LEUKOTOMY, AN EVALUATION
Authors: HARRY C. SOLOMON
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>HISTORICAL BACKGROUND</h3> In 1936 Egas Moniz<sup>1</sup>called attention to a brain operation involving destruction of the anterior portion of the frontal lobe in the treatment of the psychoses. He introduced the terms "prefrontal leukotomy" and "psychosurgery" (<i>psychochirurgie</i>). Very shortly following the appearance of his monograph, Freeman and Watts began their studies in this country. Although the procedure was soon rather widely practiced, with the exception of the work of Freeman and Watts<sup>2</sup>the number of cases studied was small. The early results which were observed to follow this method of treating psychotic patients were by no means uniform. In many instances considerable objection was raised to the idea that psychotic persons could be benefited by a destructive brain lesion, and the procedure was severely criticized. The work of Moniz and his followers was not entirely empiric but grew out of a great deal of knowledge about frontal lobe
Gastrointestinal Polyposis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Christie Goeggel-Lamping
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CLINICALLY evident extraskeletal spread of multiple myeloma is a rarity. We report a case of myeloma beginning as solitary plasmacytoma, with progression to extensive skeletal and extraskeletal involvement, in which the major clinical problems were related to involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient was first seen at the age of 69 years, following the diagnosis of plasmacytoma of the right mandible, which had been established by biopsy of a mandibular mass. Except for pain in the area of the excision, she felt well. Her past medical history included hypertension, one episode of diverticulitis, and treated hypothyroidism. Physical examination results showed a healthy-appearing white woman. The blood pressure was 170/84 mm Hg; respiratory rate, 18/min; pulse rate, 85 beats per minute; and temperature, 36.6 °C. There was a somewhat tender 1- to 2-cm firm swelling on the right mandible near the midline. The recent surgical scar
Community Responsibility for Stabilizing Trauma Systems
Authors: Ron J. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article on the future of trauma care systems by Dr Andrulis<sup>1</sup>mentions Dallas, Tex, as a successful example of community-wide responsibility stabilizing the existing trauma services network. I believe that additional information would be helpful to clarify and more clearly illustrate the collaborative effort involved. In 1991, Dallas faced a critical point in its provision of trauma care services. For some time, because of an increase in trauma load, the prehospital care system and the capacity in the 3 hospitals in the community performing the lion's share of trauma services were being overwhelmed. The prehospital care system run by the Dallas Fire Department's EMS [Emergency Medical Services] Division often had to take patients to the nearest emergency department because of overload. For major trauma, the EMS system tried to utilize either Parkland Memorial Hospital, or Baylor or Methodist Health Centers since these were the level
Effects of Beta-Blockade and Atropine on Ischemic Responses in Left Ventricular Regions Subtending Coronary Stenosis During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Lianglong Chen, Lijie Ma, Vazquez A. De Prada, Minghui Chen, Yue-Jin Feng, David Waters, Linda Gillam, Chunguang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Recovery of More Than 1 Organism in Septicemias
Authors: H. Donald Hochstein, William R. Kirkham, Viola Mae Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

INVASION of the bloodstream by micro-organisms depends on a combination of inter-related circumstances, such as a mode or portal of entry, a susceptible host (reduced host resistance) or the presence of the micro-organisms. When those factors have existed for a time it is logical that more than 1 micro-organism present at the portal of entry might invade the bloodstream simultaneously or sequentially. Recognition of this possibility is of concern to the clinician who must institute proper therapy and to the bacteriologist who must take precautions to recover the diverse bacteria. This study presents a survey of ten years' experience with . . .
Inhibition of Integrin-Linked Kinase by a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor, QLT0254, Inhibits the PI3K/PKB/mTOR, Stat3, and FKHR Pathways and Tumor Growth, and Enhances Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Orthotopic Primary Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Cindy Y.F. Yau, Jeffery J. Wheeler, Kymberley L. Sutton, David W. Hedley
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) couples integrins and growth factors to downstream signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. The anticancer effects of ILK inhibitor QLT0254 were tested in an orthotopic primary xenograft model of pancreatic cancer. The pharmacodynamic effects of a single dose of QLT0254 on the phosphorylation of PKB/Akt were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and showed a decrease of &amp;gt;80% after 2 hours, followed by recovery over 24 hours, consistent with the pharmacokinetic profile of this compound in mice. There was also suppression in phosphorylated PKB Thr308, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma, S6K1, S6, 4E-BP1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 Tyr705 and Ser727 protein levels with ILK inhibition by QLT0254. However, we did not observe an effect on phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation or on total PKB and ILK protein expression levels with QLT0254 treatment. In tumor growth inhibition experiments, daily treatment with QLT0254 for 3 weeks was well tolerated and produced significant tumor growth inhibition compared with vehicle control (P = 0.001). When a single dose of QLT0254 and chemotherapy agent gemcitabine was administered, there was a significant 5.4-fold increase in acute apoptosis in the combination therapy group compared with vehicle controls (P = 0.002). However, the acute effects of QLT0254 on proliferation were not statistically significant. These results show in vivo evidence that ILK plays a prominent role in oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PKB signaling in vivo with major impact on the mammalian target of rapamycin, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, and forkhead in rhadomyosarcoma signaling pathways, suggesting that ILK inhibitors might show activity in pancreatic cancer patients.
IODINATION OF BACTERIA: A BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM
Authors: Seymour J. Klebanoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Myeloperoxidase, iodide, and H(2)O(2) have a bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli. Myeloperoxidase can be replaced in this system by lactoperoxidase or by a guinea pig leukocyte particulate preparation, H(2)O(2) by an H(2)O(2)-generating system such as glucose and glucose oxidase, and iodide by thyroxine or triiodothyronine. The bactericidal effect was high at pH 5.0 and fell as the pH was increased. Preincubation of myeloperoxidase, iodide, and H(2)O(2) for 30 min before the addition of the bacteria largely prevented the bactericidal effect. Thus, the organisms must be present in the reaction mixture during iodide oxidation for maximum killing, which suggests the involvement of labile intermediates of iodide oxidation rather than the more stable end products of oxidation such as iodine. Iodination of the bacteria by the myeloperoxidase-iodide-H(2)O(2) system was demonstrated chemically and radioautographically. Iodination and the bactericidal effect were similarly affected by changes in experimental conditions in all the parameters tested (effect of preincubation, pH, and inhibitors). Phagocytosis of bacteria by guinea pig leukocytes was associated with the conversion of iodide to a trichloroacetic acid-precipitable form. Iodide was localized radioautographically in the cytoplasm of human leukocytes which contained ingested bacteria. Iodide fixation was not observed in the absence of phagocytosis or in the presence of Tapazole.
Shigellosis in the Adult
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Within a four-year period 30 adults with shigellosis unrelated to any recognized epidemic were seen in a large city hospital. Shigella flexneri was responsible for two thirds of the cases and S sonnei for all but one of the remainder. A review of these cases demonstrated the diagnostic problems posed by sporadic disease. With the exception of dysentery, present in one half of the patients, no historical, clinical, or laboratory findings proved helpful diagnostically. One half of the patients received specific antibiotic therapy prior to clinical recovery. The course of the disease was similar in the treated and untreated groups. Antibiotic sensitivity studies performed on ten cultures revealed nine to be resistant to sulfonamides; resistance to antibiotics was unpredictable.
Postextrasystolic U Wave Augmentation, a New Marker of Increased Arrhythmic Risk in Patients Without the Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Sami Viskin, Karin Heller, Hal V. Barron, Ilan Kitzis, Mohamed Hamdan, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Mary J. Wong, Stanley E. Grant, Michael D. Lesh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
BLOOD CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Herman Brown, Susan Griffith Ramsdell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The results above reported for total calcium and the membrane-diffusible fraction in the serum of the guinea pig, taken at various intervals during anaphylactic shock, confirm the findings of previous workers that the total calcium is essentially unchanged. There is, however, the further finding that the diffusible fraction is considerably increased over that found for the animal similarly treated but not manifesting characteristic symptoms.
Liposome based systems for systemic siRNA delivery: Stability in blood sets the requirements for optimal carrier design
Authors: Kevin Buyens, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Kevin Braeckmans, Joseph Demeester, Liesbeth Peeters, Leo A. van Grunsven, Xavier de Mollerat du Jeu, Rupa Sawant, Vladimir Torchilin, Katarina Farkasova, Manfred Ogris, Niek N. Sanders
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Calculation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent concentrations of complex environmental contaminant mixtures
Authors: George Eadon, Laurence Kaminsky, Jay Silkworth, Kenneth Aldous, David Hilker, Patrick O'Keefe, Robert Smith, John Gierthy, John Hawley, Nancy Kim, Anthony DeCaprio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Sufficient toxicological data are now available to permit use of conventional risk assessment techniques to estimate the hazards associated with human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). However, many real-world exposures involve complex mixtures of dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds. Historical approaches to risk assessment on such mixtures have ranged from ignoring all compounds except 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself to assuming that all compounds have potencies equal to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. An alternative approach which uses existing literature data and analytical results to calculate the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of a mixture in order to "predict" its biological potency relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself is advanced here. Previously reported in vivo acute and subchronic studies and some recently obtained analytical chemistry data are integrated here to clarify the utility of this important approach and to assess the uncertainties associated with its use. This predictive approach, and various conceptually similar ones, have now found wide applicability to the risk assessment process associated with exposure to complex mixtures of dioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds.
Predictors and long-term mortality of atrioventricular block after acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis
Authors: Trip J. Meine, Sana M. Al-Khatib, John H. Alexander, Christipher C. Granger, Rakhi Kilaru, Kathryn Williams, E. Magnus Ohman, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Use of myocardial contrast echocardiography to study the relationship between response to dobutamine stimulation of asynergic segments and regional perfusion abnormality
Authors: Fuminobu Ishikura, Yasuhiko Sakata, Masayoshi Mishima, Young-Jae Lim, Atsushi Hirayama, Kazuhisa Kodama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effectiveness of nicotine patches in relation to genotype in women versus men: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Patricia Yudkin, Marcus Munafò, Kate Hey, Sarah Roberts, Sarah Welch, Elaine Johnstone, Michael Murphy, Siân Griffiths, Robert Walton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The overall effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy could be greater if the therapy were targeted at those most likely to respond.Variants of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2 32806 C/T) have been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of smoking, 1 2 and these variants may also be related to response to nicotine replacement therapy. 3Additionally, mechanisms of nicotine addiction may differ in men and women. 4 With this evidence in mind, we examined whether the response to nicotine replacement therapy is modified by sex and genotype.