tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Raised Serum Sialic Acid Concentration in NIDDM Patients With and Without Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Jian-Wen Chen, Mari-Anne Gall, Hiroki Yokoyama, Jan S Jensen, Marja Deckert, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

Raised serum sialic acid concentration is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the general white population. A progressive increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality takes place in relation to increasing albuminuria in NIDDM patients. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between serum sialic acid and micro- and macroangiopathy in NIDDM patients.We studied a prevalence cohort of all white NIDDM patients < 76 years of age attending a diabetic clinic during 1 year. Of the patients, 319 had normoalbuminuria, 148 had microalbuminuria, and 75 had macroalbuminuria (diabetic nephropathy was in 47 of 75 patients); 66 nondiabetic age- and sex-matched subjects acted as a control group. Blood samples were taken for measurements of sialic acid, lipids, creatinine, and HbA1C. Retinopathy was assessed by funduscopy. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was based on Minnesota-coded electrocardiograms and the World Health Organization cardiovascular questionnaire.A progressive raise in serum sialic acid was demonstrated with an increasing urinary albumin excretion rate: [median (range)] 2.02 (1.55-2.63); 2.42 (1.47-6.48); 2.67 (1.57-5.86), and 2.95 (1.52-7.86) mmol/l in nondiabetic subjects, NIDDM patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and diabetic nephropathy, respectively (P < 0.05 or less for differences between groups). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum cholesterol concentration, serum HDL cholesterol concentration, BMI, albuminuria, smoking, and cardiovascular disease correlate independently with logarithmic (10) serum sialic acid concentration.Our study revealed a progressive raise in serum sialic acid with increasing urinary albumin excretion rate in NIDDM patients. Furthermore, several modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were associated with serum sialic acid.
Acute pure red cell aplasia associated with allopurinol therapy
Authors: Ying-Wei Lin, Shin Okazaki, Keigo Hamahata, Ken-ichiro Watanabe, Ikuya Usami, Muneo Yoshibayashi, Yuichi Akiyama, Masaru Kubota
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Several investigators have reported patients with acute pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) caused by anticonvulsants, antibiotics, or antithyroid agents. Allopurinol is known to be a causative agent of aplastic anemia, but there have been few reports of acute PRCA induced by allopurinol. We describe here a 15-year-old boy who suffered from anemia 6 weeks after initiation of allopurinol therapy; his anemia immediately improved after cessation of the drug. His bone marrow showed severe erythroid hypoplasia with a myeloid/erythroid ratio of 18.6 and low expression of glycophorin A detected on cell-surface antigen analysis. No morphological abnormalities were observed in myeloid series and megakaryocytes. The prolonged plasma iron disappearance rate and the decreased plasma iron turnover rate also indicated erythroid hypoplasia. He had been free from any infections, including parvovirus B19, before manifestation of PRCA. Taken together, these results suggest a diagnosis of acute PRCA. This side effect of allopurinol should be taken into consideration. Am. J. Hematol. 61:209–211, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Serum thioredoxin levels as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yoshio Sumida, Toshiaki Nakashima, Takaharu Yoh, Masanori Furutani, Akihisa Hirohama, Yuko Kakisaka, Yoshiki Nakajima, Hiroki Ishikawa, Hironori Mitsuyoshi, Takeshi Okanoue, Kei Kashima, Hajime Nakamura, Junji Yodoi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Hydrocephalus after cerebellar infarction.
Authors: J S Duncan, A Forman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

An infarction in the cerebellum may be followed by the development of oedema, causing obstructive hydrocephalus and loss of Hydrocep consciousness. sand is reaCase report A 75 year old man was admitted after the abrupt onset of tinnitus, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, and dysarthria.On examination he had a blood pressure of 148/88 mm Hg, was in atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 64/min, and had a soft, short apical systolic murmur.He was alert and orientated and had nystagmus with the fast component to the periphery and maximal on gaze to the left, a partial left sixth nerve palsy, a left lower motor neurone facial weakness, moderate dysarthria, ataxia of the left arm and leg, and inability to sit unsupported.Results of tone, power, and sensory testing were normal, reflexes were slightly brisker on the right, and plantars were flexor.A CT scan (fig 1) showed a left cerebellar infarction and slight hydrocephalus.An electrocardiogram confirmed atrial fibrillation, and an echo- cardiogram showed mitral annulus calcification but no mitral valve stenosis.The nausea, nystagmus, and ataxia gradually improved but 60 hours after FIG 1-CT scan on admission showing left cerebellar infarction and dis- placement of fourth ventricle.FIG 2-CT scan two days after admission showing pronounced dilatation of lateral ventricles.
Systemic hemodynamic effects of bethanidine in essential hypertension.
Authors: S G Chrysant, K Nishiyama, P N Adamopoulos, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Although available elsewhere, bethanidine remains under study in the U.S. and its hemodynamic effects are unreported. Therefore, 29 patients with moderately severe essential hypertension received one of four oral dose levels (0.10, 0.25, 0.35, or 0.50 mg/kg) of the postganglionic sympatholytic drug. Blood pressure was reduced only in the 14 patients receiving the highest dose. This was demonstrated within three hours, first by a significant postural hypotension (upright tilt: +14 before vs -19 mm Hg after, P less than 0.001). This orthostatic hypotension effect was associated with a greater fall in cardiac output (13 vs 22%, P less than 0.025) and a diminished reflective increase in total peripheral resistance (19 vs 6%, P less than 0.01); an attenuated Valsalva maneuver overshoot in the supine position was also observed (42 vs 10%, P less than 0.001). Eight of these 14 patients demonstrated supine hypotension associated with either reduced output and/or resistance. Hence, bethanidine is a rather rapidly acting oral sympatholytic agent which reduces blood pressure by producing: (1) decreasec venous return (especially in upright position), suggesting venodilation; (2) arteriolar dilation (supine and upright) reducing peripheral vascular resistance; and (3) attenuated cardiovascular sympathetic reflective adjustments.
SOD1, but not SOD3, deficiency accelerates diabetic renal injury in C57BL/6-Ins2 diabetic mice
Authors: Hiroki Fujita, Hiromi Fujishima, Keiko Takahashi, Takehiro Sato, Tatsunori Shimizu, Tsukasa Morii, Takahiko Shimizu, Takuji Shirasawa, Zhonghua Qi, Matthew D. Breyer, Raymond C. Harris, Yuichiro Yamada, Takamune Takahashi
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Amal Kumar Chatterjee
Authors: A. Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant neurosurgeon Preston (b Calcutta 1925; q Calcutta 1950; DGO, FRCS Ed), died from complications of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure on 5 February 2003.

Like most other overseas graduates, he had to struggle hard to establish himself, especially in a highly competitive specialty such as neurosurgery. Throughout his career he was an active and influential member of the Overseas Doctors Association. He was a vice chairman of Preston Racial Equality Council and a senior member of the local community health council, advising on clinical issues. He had a deep yearning for Hinduism and took upon himself the role of lay preacher, writing, lecturing, publishing easily readable, simple books, and performing various Bengali Hindu rites as a “priest” both in public and in private. He leaves a wife, Nilima, and a son.
Epicardial Excitation Pattern as Observed in the Isolated Revived and Perfused Fetal Human Heart
Authors: D. DURRER, J. BÜLLER, P. GRAAFF, G. I. Lo, F. L. MEYLER
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The resuscitated fetal human heart can be used as an experimental tool for the investigation of the excitatory process in the human heart. During perfusion the configuration of the epicardial electrocardiograms does not change appreciably. For accurate recording permitting a detailed analysis, the use of a high-fidelity oscillograph is absolutely necessary, otherwise no identification of the rapid portion of the intrinsic deflection can be made. The heart is suspended in an homogenous volume conductor at 37 C. and perfused with fluid matching as closely as possible the composition of the extracellular fluid. The morphology of the unipolar complexes is difficult to describe adequately. At the anterior side of the right and left ventricles rS complexes are found. Some parts of the left ventricular wall and posteroapical region of the left ventricle show QR complexes. In the area bordering the A-V groove one-third the distance from apex to basis, deep Q waves and even QS complexes are found. The relatively late intrinsic deflection here points to late excitation of this region. In regions neighboring the A-V groove, the Q wave diminishes in size and the R increases. The left posterior part of the left atrium is activated latest in the atrial cycle. The epicardial excitation pattern is surprisingly simple. The excitation wave reaches the region of attachment of the right anterior papillary muscle first, then spreads radially with varying velocity across the left ventricle towards the posterobasal region, while another wave spreads simultaneously across the right ventricle towards the same region. There is, therefore, a double envelopment of the epicardial surface. A comparison of the complexes having an intrinsic deflection occurring at the same time shows conclusively that, even over the same ventricle, the morphology of these complexes may be completely different. Thus the excitation time does not determine the morphology of the complexes. There is no typical right or left ventricular pattern. There appears to be no relationship between thickness of the heart wall and height of the R wave.
Review: Persons with epilepsy have higher risk for death by drowning than does the general population
Authors: Bruce N. Mayes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 16, 2008Review: Persons with epilepsy have higher risk for death by drowning than does the general populationBruce N. Mayes, MDBruce N. Mayes, MDUniversity of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, Texas, USA (B.N.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBell GS, Gaitatzis A, Bell CL, Johnson AL, Sander JW. Drowning in people with epilepsy: how great is the risk? Neurology. 2008;71:578-82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18711111Clinical Impact RatingsNeurology: References1 Lhatoo SD, Sander JW. Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 11:36-9. [PMID: 16393177] Google Scholar2 Sheth SG, Krauss G, Krumholz A, Li G. Mortality in epilepsy: driving fatalities vs other causes of death in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;63:1002-7. [PMID: 15452290] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, Texas, USA (B.N.M.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: JC6-14KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesCohort studiesDeath ratesEpilepsyNeurologyStatus epilepticusSurgerySwimmingTemporal lobe Issue Published: December 16, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies
Authors: Christina E. West, Harald Renz, Maria C. Jenmalm, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, Katrina J. Allen, Peter Vuillermin, Susan L. Prescott, Charles MacKay, Seppo Salminen, Gary Wong, John Sinn, Jakob Stokholm, Hans Bisgaard, Ruby Pawankar, Paul Noakes, Dörthe Kesper, Meri Tulic
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Detection of Clinically Unsuspected Pyometrium with lndium-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy
Authors: JAMES B. RUBENSTEIN, LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The detection of a clinically unsuspected pyometrium with ln-111 oxine leukocyte scintigraphy demonstrates the exquisite sensitivity of this modality for small acute inflammatory foci. Leukocyte scanning may be of value in cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease which are clinically unsuspected or which present in an unusual fashion.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: ELIZABETH L. CORBETT, LUCILLE BLUMBERG, GAVIN J. CHURCHYARD, NOMSA MOLOI, KATHY MALLORY, TIM CLAYTON, BRIAN G. WILLIAMS, RICHARD E. CHAISSON, RICHARD J. HAYES, KEVIN M. DE COCK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

A gold mining work force was followed prospectively over 1 yr for sputum nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates. NTM were isolated from 118 men, of whom 32 (27%) met the American Thoracic Society (ATS) case-definitions for pulmonary NTM disease (23 M. kansasii, seven M. scrofulaceum, one M. avium, and one M. abscessus). Determining isolate significance was difficult because most men had been started on presumptive TB treatment before isolate identification (70%). Histologic criteria were considered inappropriate for this high M. tuberculosis incidence population, particularly for patients who had stabilized on presumptive TB treatment. Among men not meeting case-definitions, indicators of disease were significantly more prevalent for M. kansasii than for M. fortuitum, the local laboratory contaminant (ORs: 6.5 for cough, 7.2 for smear-positivity, 36.0 for radiologic changes, and 14.3 for presumptive TB treatment), suggesting underdiagnosis of M. kansasii disease. Of 53 men with definite or possible M. kansasii disease, 18 (34%) were HIV-positive. HIV-associated M. kansasii disease occurred at an early stage of immunosuppression (median CD4 count, 381 × 106/L) with a good outcome (83% cured after 12 mo of treatment). ATS case-definitions for NTM disease are difficult to apply in this population, and treatment decisions should be guided by the pathogenic potential of the isolate.
Iron Metabolism Genes, Low-Level Lead Exposure, and QT Interval
Authors: Sung Kyun Park, Howard Hu, Robert O. Wright, Joel Schwartz, Yawen Cheng, David Sparrow, Pantel S. Vokonas, Marc G. Weisskopf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Cumulative exposure to lead has been shown to be associated with depression of electrocardiographic conduction, such as QT interval (time from start of the Q wave to end of the T wave). Because iron can enhance the oxidative effects of lead, we examined whether polymorphisms in iron metabolism genes [hemochromatosis (HFE), transferrin (TF) C2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1)] increase susceptibility to the effects of lead on QT interval in 613 community-dwelling older men.We used standard 12-lead electrocardiograms, K-shell X-ray fluorescence, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to measure QT interval, bone lead, and blood lead levels, respectively.A one-interquartile-range increase in tibia lead level (13 mug/g) was associated with a 11.35-msec [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.05-18.65 msec] and a 6.81-msec (95% CI, 1.67-11.95 msec) increase in the heart-rate-corrected QT interval among persons carrying long HMOX-1 alleles and at least one copy of an HFE variant, respectively, but had no effect in persons with short and middle HMOX-1 alleles and the wild-type HFE genotype. The lengthening of the heart-rate-corrected QT interval with higher tibia lead and blood lead became more pronounced as the total number (0 vs. 1 vs. >/=2) of gene variants increased (tibia, p-trend = 0.01; blood, p-trend = 0.04). This synergy seems to be driven by a joint effect between HFE variant and HMOX-1 L alleles.We found evidence that gene variants related to iron metabolism increase the impacts of low-level lead exposure on the prolonged QT interval. This is the first such report, so these results should be interpreted cautiously and need to be independently verified.
Herbicola lathyri Septicemia, Myoglobinuria, and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Thomas I. Soule
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A man with coronary artery disease developed septicemia due to Herbicola lathyri while receiving commercially prepared intravenous fluids. The unusual complications of severe myalgias, extraordinarily high creatine phosphokinase levels in the blood, transient hypotension, myoglobinuria, and acute renal failure were temporally associated with the septicemia.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding after recent variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Luis García-Villarreal, Francisco Martínez-Lagares, Angel Sierra, Clemencia Guevara, José M. Marrero, Elena Jiménez, Alberto Monescillo, Teresa Hernández-Cabrero, José M. Alonso, Rafael Fuentes
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Variceal hemorrhage continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is gaining wide acceptance as a treatment for several complications of portal hypertension. The aim of the current randomized study was to compare the transjugular shunt and endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) for the prevention of variceal rebleeding (VB) in cirrhotic patients. Forty–six consecutive cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding were randomly allocated to receive either transjugular shunt (22 patients) or ES (24 patients) 24 hours after control of bleeding. VB (50% vs. 9%) and early (first 6 weeks) VB (33% vs. 5%) were significantly more frequent in sclerotherapy patients; the actuarial probability of being free of VB was higher in the shunt group ( P &lt; .002). Eight patients (33%) of the sclerotherapy group and 3 patients (15%) of the shunt group died; the actuarial probability of survival was higher for the shunted patients ( P &lt; .05); 6 patients in the sclerotherapy group and none in the shunt group died from VB ( P &lt; .05). No difference was found in the proportion of patients with clinically evident hepatic encephalopathy (HE). These results show that the transjugular shunt is more effective than sclerotherapy in the prevention of both early and long–term VB. Moreover, a significant improvement in survival was found in the shunt group.
Medical Conservatism and Molecular Genetics
Authors: Demetrios S. Theodoropoulos
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In "The Effect of Medical Conservatism on the Acceptance of Important Medical Discoveries,"<sup>l</sup>Dr Martensen reviews the pressure applied by insurance companies in the 1880s to further the routine use of urinalysis to screen for life insurance prospects likely to succumb to nephropathy. The physicians' response at the time put an end to the effort to discriminate against poor-risk candidates on the basis of abnormal urinalysis findings. The analogy with today's molecular medicine advances, their potential for unethical use of information, and the stereotyped reactions from insurance companies is stressed by the author. However, there is an issue in Martensen's argument that eludes his analogy and, at the same time, strengthens and complicates his position. Medical science has thus far occupied itself with structures and functions of the human body, its interactions with other forms of life, and the application of natural laws—in general
The challenge of identifying cellular mechanisms of memory formation during sleep
Authors: Ronald Szymusiak
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Cellular mechanisms hypothesized to underlie sleep-dependent memory consolidation are expressed throughout the brain during sleep. Use of sleep deprivation to evaluate the functional importance of these mechanisms is confounded by degradation in waking performance resulting from impaired vigilance. There is a need for methods that will permit disruption of specific mechanisms during sleep only in the neuronal circuits most critically involved in learning. This should be accomplished without global sleep disruption and with preservation of the restorative aspects of sleep.
Low-Friction Arthroplasty
Authors: Charles A. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article on low-friction arthroplasty (<b>218</b>:705-710, 1971), Eftekhar reported that he has "encountered no operative death in the 24 hours after surgery" and, that the use of the methyl methacrylate monomer "does not require any precautionary measure during anesthesia." We are aware of 12 cases of intraoperative cardiac arrest, six of them leading to death, after placement of the self-curing bone cement into patients.<sup>1-8</sup>The cause of death is not clear, but autopsies have shown fat<sup>3-8</sup>and air<sup>4</sup>emboli in the lungs. The embolization of fat seems likely to be related to the high pressures created in the medullary canal by forcing cement into the femur and the high temperature developed while it hardens, particularly if no vent is provided for the blood, marrow, and air to escape. The frequently observed fall in blood pressure,<sup>9,10</sup>sometimes of large magnitude, may
ARFI, FibroScan®, ELF, and their combinations in the assessment of liver fibrosis: A prospective study
Authors: Gonzalo Crespo, Guillermo Fernández-Varo, Zoe Mariño, Gregori Casals, Rosa Miquel, Stella M. Martínez, Rosa Gilabert, Xavier Forns, Wladimiro Jiménez, Miquel Navasa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)