tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Digestive Disorders: A Companion to Sleisenger and Fortran's Gastroenterological and Liver Disease
Authors: Michael S. Shapiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes17 October 2000Therapy of Digestive Disorders: A Companion to Sleisenger and Fortran's Gastroenterological and Liver DiseaseMichael S. Shapiro, MDMichael S. Shapiro, MDMayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona. (Shapiro)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Wolfe MM, ed. 882 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. $125.00. ISBN 0721673406. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Gastroenterologists and hepatologists, trainees in gastroenterology, general surgeons, and internists.Purpose: To provide an authoritative, up-to-date, evidence-based resource on management of digestive and hepatic disorders in adults.Content: Separate sections of the book cover specific organ systems; these are divided further into chapters on individual diseases and disorders. Each chapter typically discusses clinical and pathophysiologic aspects and presents management approaches. Pediatric diseases are not covered, except for a chapter on neonatal jaundice.Highlights: The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona. (Shapiro) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 October 2000Volume 133, Issue 8Page: 660KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyImmunosuppressivesInflammatory bowel diseaseLiver diseasesNutritional deficienciesPatientsPharmacologySoftware toolsSurgeonsTransplantation ePublished: 17 October 2000 Issue Published: 17 October 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
561 HEV IN RENAL TRANSPLANT AND HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: R.G. Madden, A. Harrison, L. Scobie, C. Crossan, J.G. Hunter, R. Parry, P. Johnston, J. Stratton, S. Dickinson, R. Bendall, V. Ellis, N. Lin, W. Henley, S. Ijaz, H.R. Dalton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A Method for Evaluating Computer Programs for Electrocardiographic Interpretation
Authors: JAMES J. BAILEY, SAMUEL B. ITSCOITZ, JOHN W. HIRSHFELD, LEONARD E. GRAUER, MARTHA R. HORTON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A method for evaluating computer programs for electrocardiographic interpretation is described. This method allows a clinician to judge the usefulness of a program for his specific setting and needs. The method requires a significant proportion and variety of abnormal tracings, the application of specific fixed criteria, and the separation of disagreements between the computer program and the clinician into those resulting from criteria differences and those resulting from programming errors, viz., pattern recognition failures, mismeasurements, and/or deficient program logic. When applied to the experimental IBM program 1971, staff cardiologists found essential agreement with the program's results in 76% of 1150 unselected tracings. Clinically significant disagreements based strictly on the application of different criteria occurred in 20% of the tracings, whereas disagreements based on program errors were found in only 4%. Although this program requires some system of human overview and quality checking, its potential for clinical implementation is worthy of consideration.
Crosstalk in Inflammation: The Interplay of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Based Mechanisms and Kinases and Phosphatases
Authors: Ilse M. E. Beck, Wim Vanden Berghe, Linda Vermeulen, Keith R. Yamamoto, Guy Haegeman, Karolien De Bosscher
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal ligands for the GC receptor (GR), which can function as a ligand-activated transcription factor. These steroidal ligands and derivatives thereof are the first line of treatment in a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, due to the general surge of side effects associated with long-term use of GCs and the potential problem of GC resistance in some patients, the scientific world continues to search for a better understanding of the GC-mediated antiinflammatory mechanisms. The reversible phosphomodification of various mediators in the inflammatory process plays a key role in modulating and fine-tuning the sensitivity, longevity, and intensity of the inflammatory response. As such, the antiinflammatory GCs can modulate the activity and/or expression of various kinases and phosphatases, thus affecting the signaling efficacy toward the propagation of proinflammatory gene expression and proinflammatory gene mRNA stability. Conversely, phosphorylation of GR can affect GR ligand- and DNA-binding affinity, mobility, and cofactor recruitment, culminating in altered transactivation and transrepression capabilities of GR, and consequently leading to a modified antiinflammatory potential. Recently, new roles for kinases and phosphatases have been described in GR-based antiinflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, kinase inhibitors have become increasingly important as antiinflammatory tools, not only for research but also for therapeutic purposes. In light of these developments, we aim to illuminate the integrated interplay between GR signaling and its correlating kinases and phosphatases in the context of the clinically important combat of inflammation, giving attention to implications on GC-mediated side effects and therapy resistance.
Patient consent for information sharing not always possible or appropriate
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The test of informed consent for sharing personal medical data has come under attack in a long awaited review of data sharing commissioned by the UK prime minister. The test is a linchpin of the BMA’s policy on computerised health records.

The review, by Richard Thomas, the information commissioner and Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, says that although people should be asked for consent “wherever possible” before personal data is shared, it is not always possible or appropriate. It would “be wrong to focus too heavily on consent as a …
Telephone and internet surveys will improve estimates of flu incidence, experts say
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Experts have admitted that accurate predictions of the incidence of the H1N1 flu pandemic in the United Kingdom proved a near impossible challenge.

Huge discrepancies existed between the data collected by different organisations, they said. For example, the Royal College of General Practitioners reported far fewer confirmed cases of H1N1 flu than Flu Watch, a national cohort study of flu transmission and immunity (www.fluwatch.co.uk).

However, much of this variation was explicable, experts were told at the UK Health Protection Agency’s conference on pandemic flu held in London on 21 and 22 June.

Andrew Hayward, of University College London and chief investigator of the Flu …
Reaching the "Externalizers"-A Three-Phase Approach
Authors: EDNA OBERMAN, MARGOT WOOD, ANNE CLIFTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Patients who are initially preoccupied with external problems rather than internal conflict are often considered unsuitable candidates for insight psychotherapy. Many economically deprived patients are so viewed for reasons of both psychopathology and cultural factors. In contrast, this paper suggests that such patients can in fact benefit from a flexible psychotherapeutic approach in which motivating and engaging the patient in treatment, through work on his presenting external problem, is the first therapeutic step. Social casework can provide a model for this approach, and two clinical illustrations are offered.
Inheritance of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jonathan Zonana, David L. Rimoin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Familial aggregation of diabetes mellitus has been recognized for centuries; yet the exact contribution of genetic factors to the cause of the disease remains unclear.1 Studies based on clinical histories and questionnaires clearly demonstrate an increased prevalence of a positive family history for patients with over those without diabetes. Moreover, numerous studies, using both clinical and glucose tolerance testing criteria, have confirmed an increased prevalence of diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance in specified relatives of patients over similar relatives of controls.Either genetic or environmental factors (or both), however, may be responsible for familial aggregation of a disease. In an . . .
Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration
Authors: D. W. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1991)

ELISA would have failed to prevent transmission.Interestingly, these donors have given 15, 23, and 27 donations and have never been implicated in any other case of transmission of hepatitis.As far as we are aware, the seronegative status of the donors was known to the authors before their letter was published.Though we acknowledge that hepatitis C virus will have been transmitted to a number ofrecipients of transfusions before screening was introduced, we nevertheless firmly support the balanced arguments of Elizabeth Ann Fagan.The problems ofthe poor specificity of the first generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus and the resulting wastage of considerable quantities of blood were not the only arguments in favour of awaiting the availability of second generation assays.3Pereira and colleagues' arguments are fallacious and should not be left unchallenged.
Abstract 5309: Antivascular activities of novel tubulin binding agent BPR0L075
Authors: Xinli Liu, Li Liu, Haley Beck, Hsing-Pang Hsieh, Srinivas Boreddy, Sanjay Srivastava, Ralph P. Mason
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BPR0L075, 6-methoxy-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy-benzoyl)-1H-indole, is a novel tubulin binding agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization through binding to the colchicine binding site. We evaluated the antiangiogenic and antivascular properties of BPR0L075 in vitro and in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with BPR0L075, and effects on endothelial cell morphology, migration, and inhibition of tube formation on extracellular matrix were determined in vitro. The BPR0L075 induced inhibition of neovasculature formation was evaluated by rat aortic ring ex vivo assay. Using a validated dynamic bioluminescence imaging method, we assessed acute vascular disrupting effects of BPR0L075 on luciferase-expressing MCF7 human breast mammary fat pad xenografts. The disruption of tumor vascular perfusion after BPR0L075 treatment was confirmed using the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342 and CD31 staining by fluorescence microscopy. Exposure of BPR0L075 (10 nM) inhibits the endothelial cell migration (within 24 hr) and tube formation on Matrigel (3-6 hr). BPR0L075 treatment also blocked angiogenesis in rat aortic ring assay. A single dose of BPR0L075 induced rapid temporary tumor vascular shutdown evidenced by rapid and reproducible decrease of light emission from luciferase-expressing breast tumors. Histological staining using Hoechst dye and anti-CD31 antibody revealed a time-dependent reduction of tumor perfusion after 2, 4, and 24h of BPR0L075 treatment. Taken together, our results show that the novel tubulin-binding agent BPR0L075 alters endothelial cell tubule formation, prevents cell migration, and inhibits the formation of neovessels. These properties of BPR0L075 may ultimately contribute to the loss of tumor blood vessel integrity causing rapid tumor vascular shutdown in experimental breast tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5309. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5309
Treating nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: case progression
Authors: Nicola Harker, Alan Montgomery, Tom Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Last week (31 January, p 276) we presented the case of Ms Reynolds, a 25 year old woman who presented to her general practitioner when eight weeks pregnant complaining of nausea and vomiting with light headedness. After an unsuccessful trial of prochlorperazine, she asked about alternatives to conventional drugs. We invited responses on which therapeutic options are safe to consider or recommend in pregnancy, what study design might provide evidence for their relative efficacy in an individual patient, and what proportion of patients and pregnant women use complementary therapies. To look at the discussion of the case so far go to bmj.com

One of us (NH) is interested in complementary medicine and suggested a trial of vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) to relieve the patient's symptoms. We searched Medline (1996 onwards, limiting our search to review articles) using the …
Direct evidence that hepatocyte growth factor-induced invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is mediated by urokinase
Authors: Arnaud Monvoisin, Véronique Neaud, Victor De Lédinghen, Liliane Dubuisson, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Alexis Desmoulière, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Inquiry into the Reasons why the Horse Rarely Vomits
Authors: J. S. Gamgee
Journal: BMJ (1852)

retrogressive change; being thus promotive, in thleir removal from the organism, of the healthy condition of its solids and fluids.We have an illustration of the latter mode of action in the exhibition of benzoic acid, which appears in the urine as hippuric acid; extractive matter being largely excreted under its use: remedies of this class seeming to fill up, as complementary bodies, the constituents required by the economy in the ejection of its effete products.The resulting highly acid urine becomes capable of holding in solution an abnormal amount of phosphatic salts, excreted as the effect of a morbid process pro- gressing in the system, and being thus eliminated; the benzoic acid further serving to restore the urinary mucous membrane to a healthy state, acting indirectly, by preventing the production of an ammoniacal salt, which affects injuriously the solvent power of the urine.(To be continued.)21, Edward Street, Portman
Is NIH Any Closer to Getting New Director? Maybe, If Job Is Made Attractive, Effective
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

HOW DO you give the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) a larger role in biomedical policy?  Loosen some bureaucratic fetters and let him or her run the store, recommends an advisory committee called by Louis B. Sullivan, MD, secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services, to recommend ways of enhancing the NIH director's job (JAMA. 1990;263:1187-1188).  Even as Sullivan's 16-member committee debated ways to make the job of the next NIH director more attractive and effective, another committee has been working up a list of nominees for the post that has been vacant for almost a year. James B. Wyngaarden, MD (JAMA. 1989;262:17), left last August and William Raub, PhD (JAMA. 1989;262:1158), has been acting director since then.  'Short List'  James O. Mason, MD, assistant secretary for health and chair of the advisory committee, told the group that a short list of candidates has
Alternans of the ST segment in Prinzmetal's angina.
Authors: M J Kleinfeld, J J Rozanski
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Alternans of the elevated ST segment (STEA) was found in 8 of 21 patients (38%) with Prinzmetal's variant angina. In addition to STEA, all eight patients had varying cardiac arrhythmias: multiple premature ventricular depolarizations in eight, ventricular tachycardia in five, and ventricular fibrillation in three. There was no consistent temporal relationship between the occurrence of STEA and the cardiac arrhythmias. Alternans occurred during periods when no arrhythmias were present. All eight patients underwent coronary angiography. Spontaneous coronary artery spasm was documented angiographically in three patients including two who had minimal or no coronary atherosclerotic disease. Six patients had severe, fixed, occlusive coronary artery disease. Possible mechanisms for STEA include: 1) failure of regions of myocardium to depolarize on alternate beats due to variation in conduction and refractoriness between ischemic and nonischemic zones of myocardium, and 2) electrical alternans of the transmembrane action potential during phase 2 and 3 (repolarization) caused by changes in the rate and extent of electrolyte transfer across cell membranes during ischemia. It is postulated that STEA is an electrocardiographic sign in the surface ECG of a dysequilibrium of refractory periods during ischemia and reflects an unstable electrical state of the myocardium.
A telemedical approach to the screening of diabetic retinopathy: digital fundus photography.
Authors: B Liesenfeld, E Kohner, W Piehlmeier, S Kluthe, S Aldington, M Porta, T Bek, M Obermaier, H Mayer, G Mann, R Holle, K D Hepp
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The importance of screening for diabetic retinopathy has been established, but the best method for screening has not yet been determined. We report on a trial of assessment of digital photographs by telemedicine compared with standard retinal photographs of the same fields and clinical examination by ophthalmologists. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 129 diabetic inpatients were screened for diabetic retinopathy by slit-lamp biomicroscopy performed by an ophthalmologist and by two-field 50 degrees non-stereo digital fundus photographs assessed by six screening centers that received the images by electronic mail. Conventional 35-mm transparencies of the same fields as the digital photographs were assessed by a retinal specialist and served as the reference method for detection of diabetic retinopathy. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was the reference method for the detection of macular edema. RESULTS: The prevalence of any form of diabetic retinopathy was 30% (n = 35); of sight-threatening retinopathy including macular edema, the prevalence was 6% (n = 7). The assessment of digital images by the six screening centers resulted in a median sensitivity of 85% and a median specificity of 90% for the detection of moderate nonproliferative or sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Clinically significant macular edema (n = 4) was correctly identified in 15 of the 24 grading reports. An additional seven reports referred the patients for further investigation because of concurrent diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Telescreening for diabetic retinopathy by an assessment of two-field 50 degrees non-stereo digital images is a valid screening method. Although detection of clinically significant macular edema using biomicroscopy is superior to digital or standard non-stereo photographs, only few patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy are missed.
High versus low dose of acetylcisteine to prevent contrast agents associated with nephrotossicity
Authors: Carlo Briguori, Antonio Colombo, Anna Violante, Pasquale Balestrieri, Bruno Golia, Pierfranco Scarpato, PietroPaolo Elia, Stefano Lepore, Bruno Ricciardelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Antigen-releasing polymer rings and microspheres stimulate mucosal immunity in the vagina
Authors: Tammy L Wyatt, Kevin J Whaley, Richard A Cone, W.Mark Saltzman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)

Several recent studies suggest that direct application of antigen to the vaginal surface may enhance local IgA secretion, but the most effective methods for stimulating immunity at the vaginal surface have not been identified. We used antigen-loaded, biocompatible, vaginal rings to provide controlled and sustained antigen delivery directly to the vaginal mucosal surface. Mice were primed with ferritin, either subcutaneously or orally by ferritin-loaded polymer microspheres, and vaginally boosted by insertion of a ferritin-loaded polymer ring. We found that the vaginal rings were a convenient method for providing controlled antigen delivery to the vagina. Subcutaneously primed mice receiving ferritin-loaded vaginal rings had ferritin-specific IgA in their mucus secretions, while mice receiving blank rings did not. Oral priming with ferritin-loaded poly(lactic acid) microspheres also produced significant levels of ferritin-specific IgA in the vaginal secretions, but required the presence of cholera toxin. Controlled ferritin delivery to mucosal surfaces, either by oral, biodegradable microspheres or vaginal rings, provides a convenient and reliable method for enhancing vaginal IgA production in mice.
The pursuit of value: sensitization or tolerance?
Authors: Terry E. Robinson, Kent C. Berridge
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Two issues are raised. (1) What is the nature of the drug effect Heyman thinks confers value to drugs? (2) What is the evidence that drug use decreases the value of drugs and of conventional incentives over the long-term? There is considerable evidence for the opposite; a persistent increase in the sensitivity of neural systems that mediate drug value.
Dietary-Induced Variation of Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Activity in Patients with the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Authors: William J. Arnold, William N. Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

We have studied three patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome to assess the effect of dietary purines on erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity. During dietary purine restriction HGPRT activity rose in all three patients; resumption of normal dietary purine intake or the addition of adenine (10 mg/kg per day) to a purinefree diet resulted in a fall in HGPRT activity. These changes in enzyme activity appeared to be due to an activation or inactivation of the mutant enzyme without a change in the half-life or absolute amount of HGPRT enzyme protein.
Cardiac myofibrillar ATPase and electrophoretic pattern in experimental heart failure produced by a two-step mechanical overloading in the rat
Authors: G. BERSON, B. SWYNGHEDAUW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The specific activity of cardiac myofibrillar Ca2+ ATPase was significantly lowered in rats with chronic hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis and insufficiency. When studied in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, myosin light chains, tropomyosin, and calcium sensitizing factor were all normal.
Elective caesarean and zidovudine cuts HIV transmission
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Pregnant women who are HIV positive can dramatically reduce the likelihood of transmission of disease to their newborns by having an elective caesarean delivery while undergoing treatment with the antiretroviral drug zidovudine, according to a French study.

The prospective cohort study, release of which was timed to coincide with the 12th world AIDS conference in Geneva, involved 2834 children born to mothers with HIV-1 infection ( JAMA 1998;280:55-60). The researchers, led by Laurent Mandelbrot of Cochin-Port Royal Hospital in Paris, found that of 133 children delivered to HIV infected mothers by elective caesarean section and in the presence of zidovudine prophylaxis, only one child (1%) was born …