tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review of pulmonary effects of poly(vinyl chloride) and vinyl chloride exposure.
Authors: R Lilis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The contributions of several recent reports to the definition of pulmonary effects of PVC dust inhalation are reviewed. Granulomatous reaction, with inclusion of PVC particles in macrophages and histocytes, and associated interstitial pulmonary fibrosis have been found to lead to exertional dyspnoea, diffuse micronodular chest radiographic opacities and restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. The effects of vinyl chloride (VC) monomer (gas) on proteins and the immunologic mechanisms triggered by the altered protein are possible mechanisms for the development in some cases of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis secondary to VC exposure. Vinyl chloride, a confirmed carcinogen, has been associated with, among other malignant tumors, a significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer. The magnitude of this effect has not yet been completely evaluated.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Neivo da Silva, Claudia M. Szobot, Carlos E. Anselmi, Andrea P. Jackowski, Shih M. Chi, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Osvaldo E. Anselmi, Flavio Pechansky, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Luis A. Rohde
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent behavioral problems in school-age children. Although the etiology remains unclear, the involvement of the dopaminergic system has been suggested by genetic studies that report an overexpression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. In spite of these abnormalities being directly related to the decrease of dopamine (DA) in the striatum (STR), abnormalities in brain perfusion have also been observed in cortical-subcortical structures. Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that the DA concentration may cause changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF). The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between DAT density in STR and cortical-subcortical impairment in CBF. Based on the hypothesis that there is a correlation between DA availability and brain perfusion, we postulated that individuals with ADHD, with a higher DAT density in the basal ganglia, will have lower perfusion in the fronto-striatal-cerebellar networks. We used Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT to measure DAT density and Tc-99m ECD SPECT to assess brain perfusion. Ten adolescents diagnosed with ADHD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria were investigated. Analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 corrected for multiple comparisons, using small volume correction, showed a significant negative correlation between the DAT density in the STR and CBF in the cingulate gyrus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and cerebellum (pFDR <0.01). Our findings suggest that higher DAT density in the STR was associated with a decrease in the regional CBF in the cortical and subcortical attention network.
Needling renal cysts and tumours: cytology and radiology.
Authors: T Sherwood, P A Trott
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Renal masses found by intravenous urography, ultra-sound scanning, and arteriography were needled in 102 patients. Simple renal cysts containing clear fluid and no cytological abnormalities were found in 85 patients. Two unsuspected renal cell carcinomas were found on puncture; cytological examination showed malignant cells in the aspirate. Another five renal tumours were needled deliberately before nephrectomy, and a firm preoperative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was made on aspiration cytology in three. Benign cysts which had bled were particularly hard to diagnose. With care, radiology and cytology in combination can provide the firm diagnostic base needed for sound clinical management. The radiology-cytology team must be alert to the unusual finding that indicates a complex lesion, such as an unsuspected renal tumour.
Clinical and Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Long-Term Efficacy of Slow-Pathway Catheter Ablation in Patients With Spontaneous Supraventricular Tachycardia and Dual Atrioventricular Node Pathways Without Inducible Tachycardia
Authors: Jiunn-Lee Lin, Shoei K.Stephen Huang, Ling-Ping Lai, Wen-Chin Ko, Yung-Zu Tseng, Wen-Pin Lien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Verbal Working Memory Impairment in Schizophrenia Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: Evidence From the Digit Span Task
Authors: Heather M. Conklin, Clayton E. Curtis, Joanna Katsanis, William G. Iacono
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The evidence for verbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia has been inconsistent. Few studies have evaluated verbal working memory in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, who likely share the genetic diathesis for schizophrenia but not the potential confounds associated with chronic mental illness. METHOD: The Wechsler Digit Span Task was used to investigate verbal working memory in 52 schizophrenia patients, 56 of their first-degree relatives, and 73 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. RESULTS: The nonpsychotic relatives showed no impairment on the forward digit span task, a measure of general attention, but did show impairment on the backward digit span task, a measure of verbal working memory. Schizophrenia patients showed impairment on both the forward and backward digit span tasks. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the forward and backward digit span tasks tap different cognitive abilities that are differentially associated with the diathesis for schizophrenia. Working memory deficits associated with schizophrenia appear to be generalized and not limited to the spatial modality.
The influence of sunscreen type on photoprotection
Authors: B.L. DIFFEY, J. GRICE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Twenty-five volunteers took part in this study whose aims were to determine whether there was any difference between the applied amounts of a chemical and physical sunscreen of the same sun protection factor (SPF); whether the SPF of a chemical sunscreen influenced the quantity applied; and whether individuals who burnt easily in sunlight tended to apply more sunscreen than those who tolerated sun exposure. We found that most subjects choose to apply about two-thirds the quantity of physical compared with chemical sunscreen. This reduction in amount applied is likely to lead, in practice, to the physical sunscreen providing a SPF of about one-half of that achieved with the chemical sunscreen. In sunscreens in which the only variation was the concentration of the active organic chemical absorbers (and hence SPF), there was no difference in the amount of sunscreen applied and so the protection afforded can be assumed to increase in line with the SPF. While there was no statistically significant difference between the amounts applied by subjects of different skin types, there was a tendency for subjects with the lower skin types to apply more sunscreen than those who burnt less easily.
Solitary ulcer of the rectum
Authors: M. R. Madigan, B. C. Morson
Journal: Gut (1969)

Solitary ulcer of the rectum is usually a disease of young adults of either sex which has a characteristic appearance on sigmoidoscopy. Distinctive changes may also be seen in biopsies taken from mucosa adjacent to the ulcer. The name ;solitary ulcer' is misleading because more than one ulcer may be present. Moreover, there is a preulcerative phase which is clinically and histologically recognizable. The condition is essentially benign and may persist for many years unchanged. It has not responded satisfactorily to medical or surgical methods of treatment. The cause of solitary ulcer is unknown. Different views on the pathogenesis are discussed.
Reforming the GMC
Authors: S. Dewar
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The consultation paper Protecting Patients: A Summary Consultative Document , published this week by the General Medical Council (GMC), Britain's licensing body for doctors, sets out options for reform under two main headings: the GMC's structure, constitution, and governance; and its procedures for dealing with allegations against doctors.1 The proposed reforms follow harsh criticism from the public, government, and doctors that the GMC is, among other things, unwieldy, slow, defensive, and constrained in its powers.

The GMC currently consists of a council with 104 members, including 25 lay members. Under the GMC's preferred model for reform key decisions would be made by a new executive board of 20-25 members (60% medical and 40% lay). The board would be elected from, and accountable to, a wider council of around 80 members, equally split between medical and lay members. A lay chair would oversee the council, while a medical president would preside over the executive board.

A small board with statutory powers should enable the GMC to become more decisive and responsive. It meets the government's tests for reform: smaller more transparent bodies acting with greater public involvement.2 It is also in line with best practice for the corporate sector3 and with the new Nursing and Midwives Council (NMC) and proposed Health Professionals Council (HPC). 4 5

So …
Use of cohort data to estimate national prevalence of transmitted drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs in Spain (2007–2012)
Authors: S. Monge, M. Díez, M. Alvarez, V. Guillot, J.A. Iribarren, R. Palacios, R. Delgado, A. Jaén, J.R. Blanco, P. Domingo, J. Portilla, M.J. Pérez Elías, F. Garcia
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Tip60-mediated acetylation activates transcription independent apoptotic activity of Abl
Authors: Zhihua Jiang, Ravindra Kamath, Shunquian Jin, Manimalha Balasubramani, Tej K Pandita, Baskaran Rajasekaran
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background The proto-oncogene, c-Abl encodes a ubiquitously expressed tyrosine kinase that critically governs the cell death response induced by genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation and cisplatin. The catalytic function of Abl, which is essential for executing DNA damage response (DDR), is normally tightly regulated but upregulated several folds upon IR exposure due to ATM-mediated phosphorylation on S465. However, the mechanism/s leading to activation of Abl's apoptotic activity is currently unknown. Results We investigated the role of acetyl modification in regulating apoptotic activity of Abl and the results showed that DNA strand break-inducing agents, ionizing radiation and bleomycin induced Abl acetylation. Using mass spectrophotometry and site-specific acetyl antibody, we identified Abl K921, located in the DNA binding domain, and conforming to one of the lysine residue in the consensus acetylation motif ( K XXK--X3-5--SGS) is acetylated following DNA damage. We further observed that the S465 phosphorylated Abl is acetyl modified during DNA damage. Signifying the modification, cells expressing the non acetylatable K921R mutant displayed attenuated apoptosis compared to wild-type in response to IR or bleomycin treatment. WT-Abl induced apoptosis irrespective of new protein synthesis. Furthermore, upon γ-irradiation K921R-Abl displayed reduced chromatin binding compared to wild type. Finally, loss of Abl K921 acetylation in Tip60-knocked down cells and co-precipitation of Abl with Tip60 in DNA damaged cells identified Tip60 as an Abl acetylase. Conclusion Collective data showed that DNA damage-induced K921 Abl acetylation, mediated by Tip60, stimulates transcriptional-independent apoptotic activity and chromatin-associative property thereby defining a new regulatory mechanism governing Abl's DDR function.
Doctors should obtain informed consent for intimate body searches
Authors: M Pownall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Doctors in the United Kingdom have been advised to refuse to carry out intimate body searches of prisoners and people detained by police and customs officials without the individual's valid consent, according to new recommendations.

Joint guidance published last week by the BMA and the Association of Police Surgeons (whose members provide medical services to the police) said that an intimate search without consent is only justifiable if a …
Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in Aged Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Mice With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia on a Normal Chow Diet
Authors: Xiaohong Zhang, Rong Qi, Xunde Xian, Fei Yang, Michael Blackstein, Xuming Deng, Jianglin Fan, Colin Ross, Joanna Karasinska, Michael R. Hayden, George Liu
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Large-scale epidemiological studies have revealed a strong association between hypertriglyceridemia and coronary arteriosclerotic disease. However, there are conflicting reports whether the severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is pro- or antiatherogenic. To determine the effect of LPL deficiency on atherosclerosis, we pursued long-term observation of the development of atherosclerotic lesions in an LPL gene deficient mouse model. At 4 months of age, homozygous LPL-deficient mice exhibited severe hypertriglyceridemia but no signs of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. At >15 months of age, these mice developed foam cell-rich atherosclerotic lesions at the aortic root, whereas wild-type and heterozygous mice were lesion-free at the same age. Further investigation revealed that plasma malondialdehyde levels in >15-month-old LPL-deficient mice were significantly higher than those of heterozygous and wild-type mice. Electron spin resonance analysis showed a marked increase in oxidative susceptibility of chylomicrons from the aged LPL-deficient mice. Incubation of chylomicrons from >15-month-old LPL-deficient mice with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed significantly increased upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, markers of enhanced endothelial activation, and enhanced adherence of human THP-1 mononuclear cells. These results clearly demonstrate the occurrence of spontaneous atherosclerosis in aged LPL-deficient mice mediated by the oxidation of chylomicrons and the activation of vascular endothelial cells.
Long-Term Physical Training and Cardiovascular Dynamics in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: JOHN S. HANSON, BURTON S. TABAKIN, ARTHUR M. LEVY, WILLIAM NEDDE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The effects of a 7-month physical training program on the physiological responses to exercise and work capabilities of seven middle-aged, sedentary men have been evaluated. Testing involved bicycle ergometry and interval treadmill walking, as well as pre- and postconditioning hemodynamic investigations during five levels of treadmill walking up to a 25% grade. Significant alterations of several parameters were observed in the trained state. Resting and exercise bradycardia were marked, the lowest heart rate registered being 49/min. Maximal physical working capacities and maximal oxygen uptakes were uniformly increased with group means of + 22 and + 18%, respectively. Work load capacities at heart rates 130, 150, and 170 were also augmented. Resting and exercise cardiac output for a given oxygen uptake declined and produced relative hypokinesis. Stroke volume was greater at moderate and heaviest work loads. Cardiac minute work was reduced despite stroke volume increments. Pulse wave and arterial pressure analyses indicated that tension-time index and ejection-time index were markedly reduced, while maximal pressure derivative and ventricular ejection rate were increased. It is concluded that aside from subjective enhancement of well-being, a well-planned physical training program for middle-aged men can develop beneficial economy and efficiency of myocardial function and the oxygen transport system.
Abstract 894: Genetic variations in the angiogenesis pathway modulate clinical outcomes of bladder cancer
Authors: Meng Chen, Seth Lerner, David McConkey, Jian Gu, Ashish Kamat, H. Barton Grossman, Colin P. Dinney, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men in the United States. There is compelling evidence suggesting that a patient's genetic background contributes to bladder cancer clinical outcome. Angiogenesis is an essential process required for tumor development, growth, and metastasis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in the angiogenesis pathway may affect the overall survival of bladder cancer patients. We conducted a follow-up study of 397 non-muscle invasive and 320 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients to systematically evaluate 458 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 angiogenesis pathway genes as predicators of prognosis and BCG response. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for age, gender, stage, grade, and treatment regimen. In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, no significant SNPs were identified after correction for multiple comparisons. When stratified by BCG treatment, variant KIT rs11735550 was significantly associated with recurrence in patients who did not receive BCG treatment (HR=2.84, 95%CI: 1.67-4.83). In muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, variant FLT4 rs11750142, rs2447737, rs13168072, and rs11739750 genotypes, and wild-type rs11957360 were significantly associated with increased risk of dying. These SNPs are not in linkage disequilibrium suggesting that each one independently modulates survival. In addition, a significant gene dosage effect was observed for increased risk with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (P for trend&amp;lt;0.001). Compared to the low-risk group (0-1 unfavorable genotypes), median-risk group (2-3 unfavorable genotypes) and high-risk group (4-5 unfavorable genotypes) showed 1.34- (95%CI: 0.86-2.11) and 2.60-fold (95%CI: 1.66-4.09) increased risk of dying, respectively. In Kaplan-Meier estimates, the low-, median-, and high-risk groups had significantly different median survival time (MST) of 81.9, 67.9, and 31.3 months, respectively (logrank P &amp;lt;0.01). These results support the hypothesis that genetic variations in the angiogenesis pathway modulate clinical outcomes for bladder cancer patients. These findings warrant further replication in independent populations, and could be useful in disease management and the development of targeted therapies for bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 894.
Cesium Attenuation Correction of the Liver Dome Revealing Hepatic Lesion Missed With Computed Tomography Attenuation Correction Because of the Respiratory Motion Artifact
Authors: Dimitri Papathanassiou, Jean-Claude Liehn, Beno??t Bourgeot, Roland Amir, Claude Marcus
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Computed tomography (CT) attenuation-corrected FDG images are known to have particular artifacts, especially the respiratory artifact. The respiratory artifact may decrease the diagnostic value of the study around the diaphragm. Malpositioning of lesions, mismatches in location or size of organs, and constitution of an artifactual curvilinear cold area in the liver dome (the so-called “banana artifact”) or spleen have been reported. We report the case of a small liver metastasis in the hepatic dome, which was absolutely not seen on CT attenuation-corrected FDG images, but was clearly demonstrated on cesium transmission attenuation-corrected images. This case emphasizes the risk of the false-negative diagnosis of a liver metastasis in relation to a respiratory artifact and illustrates the usefulness of completing, if technically possible, the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT examination with a short conventional transmission acquisition centered on the diaphragm.
Adoptive transfer of immunity to hepatitis B virus after T cell–depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yaron Ilan, Arnon Nagler, Ruth Adler, Elizabeth Naparstek, Reuven Or, Shimon Slavin, Chaim Brautba, Daniel Shouva
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are pancytopenic for several weeks and immunosuppressed for many months as a result of myeloablative therapy required to eliminate the basic disease and to prevent allograft rejection. After bone marrow transplantation, these patients remain profoundly immunosuppressed by the chemotherapy and immunotherapy used as prophylaxis against graft-vs.-host disease, treatment of established disease or both. These patients are usually dependent on multiple blood products and are therefore at risk for hepatitis B virus infection, which may run a fulminant course. Active immunization against hepatitis B virus in the immediate pre-bone marrow transplantation and post-bone marrow transplantation periods was found to be ineffective, probably because of the absence of T cell-dependent B-cell responses, which persists for approximately 1 yr after bone marrow transplantation. We studied adoptive transfer of immunity to hepatitis B virus through bone marrow transplantation in two populations of patients. The first group (A) consisted of 12 pairs of BMT donors and recipients, in which all bone marrow donors were positive for antibodies to HBc and HBs as a result of previously acquired hepatitis B virus infection and resolution; all recipients were negative to antibodies to HBc and HBs. The second group (B) consisted of eight pairs of donors and recipients in which all the donors were actively immunized against hepatitis B virus before bone marrow transplantation; all recipients were negative for all hepatitis B virus markers. All bone marrow transplantation recipients were monitored for antibodies to hepatitis B virus antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE.
Authors: J. CLIFTON EDGAR
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Notwithstanding the indifference of some and the antagonism of others, there is no doubt that a belief in the existence of a special autointoxication of pregnancy is rapidly gaining ground among obstetricians, pathologists and others whose attention is being especially directed to this subject. The more one studies this subject the more one is inclined to believe in the existence of such a condition, and already many obscure points in obstetrics are being made clear by this doctrine. Although the literature is already very large—for it dates far back beyond the adoption of the term "toxemia of pregnancy"—the subject is still in its intancy. and many phases are as yet untouched.<sup>1</sup> We all know that in prescientific days puerperal morbidity and mortality were fearfully common, and were largely ascribed to some specific cause, whether contagious or not. In other words, the various phases of puerperal morbidity, while differing much from
Thyroid Swellings in Renaissance Art
Authors: H E Emson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The paper by the Bondesons (December 2003 JRSM1) prompts me to comment that the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is not the only painting of the Renaissance in which a medically identifiable neck swelling is shown. Piero della Francesca in his Resurrection shows the central soldier asleep at the tomb with his head thrown back. He quite clearly has a smoothly defined midline swelling in his neck. It is too high and too central to be a lesion of the glandular thyroid (Figure 1a). In a detail from the Polyptych of the Misericordia the same model is used, and the same swelling is clearly seen (Figure 1b). There is a tradition that Piero used himself as a model and that these figures are of him. He probably lived from 1420 to 1492, a very good lifespan for the period. If he was the subject, the lesion was not malignant or life-limiting. The most likely diagnosis is a thyroglossal duct cyst.