tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1971)

For nearly twenty years Fox's text has been a standard reference for ophthalmologists. From its beginning in 1952 it has gone through four editions; it has doubled in size; and it has more than doubled the number of its illustrations. Through that time it has preserved the fundamental elements that originally created its popularity. First among these is clarity of text and illustration. Second is a basic conservatism most commendable in a plastic surgeon. This conservatism is reflected most emphatically by the author's recommendation of procedures which have been successful in his hands. Alternative procedures are discussed and evaluated in a way which is at once personal and rational. Procedures with promise that have not been used long enough for a final decision to be reached are clearly identified. The present edition runs to 100 more pages than the previous (1963) edition. According to the author, half of the illustrations
Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Arrigo Schieppati, Lidia Mosconi, Annalisa Perna, Giuliano Mecca, Tullio Bertani, Silvio Garattini, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Defining the most appropriate treatment for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy is a matter of controversy. The course of the disorder is often benign, and the immunosuppressive regimens used in some patients have uncertain benefits and substantial risks. We studied the natural history of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in patients who received only symptomatic therapy.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive patients (68 men and 32 women; mean [+/- SD] age, 51 +/- 17 years) with biopsy-proved idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The patients received diuretic or antihypertensive drugs as needed, but no glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive drugs. We examined the patients and measured their urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine concentrations every 6 months for a mean of 52 months.Twenty-four (65 percent) of the 37 patients followed for at least five years had complete or partial remission of proteinuria; in 6 others (16 percent), end-stage renal disease developed, and they required dialysis. As calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, the estimated probability (+/- the standard error of the estimate) of retaining adequate kidney function was 88 +/- 5 percent after five years and 73 +/- 7 percent after eight years. The prognosis was poorer in men and in patients over 50 years of age, but not in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia.Most untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy maintain renal function for prolonged periods and are likely to have spontaneous remission. These results do not support the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
It's difficult being green (as in vomit)
Authors: Carl A Kuschel, Barbara Cormack, Phil Morreau
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Contraction and convergence: myth and realityEditor-The review of climate change issues in the BMJ of 10 June was comprehensive.On grounds of morality, the principle of contraction and convergence is unassailable. 1 In the real world, it is a pipe dream.It would work only by being enforcible, which implies an international policing authority with real teeth.Can we seriously believe that the United States, China, or Russia would submit to such an authority?Sadly there is no mileage in morality when affluent lifestyles are threatened.It is right to plead for changes in individual behaviour, but only the de-carbonising of energy at source will make a predictable and sustained impact on carbon dioxide emissions.The only long term route to this goal will be through the adoption of renewable energy technologies on two levels.Firstly, small scale to micro-generation systems are rapidly approaching market viability.Within five to 10 years, millions of homes could become cost effective mini-power stations linked to a local mini-grid under the umbrella of distributed generation.The Energy Saving Trust estimates that this sector could meet 40% of UK electricity demand. 2 Secondly, base load electricity could be provided by gigawatt scale technologies mostly drawing energy from wind, rivers, and seas.Tidal stream, tidal estuary, tidal impoundment, wave power, and offshore wind could more than match the output of today's nuclear power. 3 In the short term, "balancing power" to compensate for intermittency would be provided by combined cycle gas power plants.In the longer term, surplus electricity, which is an intrinsic problem with renewables, will be directed to producing hydrogen for grid connected gigawatt scale fuel cells in a symbiotic coupling with high energy density renewables installations.All this will, of course, depend on massive government investment, but so would nuclear energy.On the demand side, buildings are the biggest carbon culprits.The only effective answer, embracing both new and existing buildings, is the concept of the carbon budget, enforcible by law.This could also be adapted for transport.These have complex implications, perhaps for another time.
925 SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF 96 WEEKS OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) TREATMENT IN HBeAg NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE PATIENTS INFECTED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB)
Authors: P. Marcellin, E.J. Heathcote, I. Jacobson, P. Mathurin, E. Gane, P. Buggisch, P. Husa, Z. Krastev, J. Sorbel, J. Anderson, E. Mondou, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Purified perforin induces target cell lysis but not DNA fragmentation.
Authors: R C Duke, P M Persechini, S Chang, C C Liu, J J Cohen, J D Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Rapid and extensive target cell DNA fragmentation is a unique characteristic of CTL-mediated killing. We studied the role of the granule pore-forming protein (PFP/perforin/cytolysin) of CTL in mediating lysis and DNA fragmentation of target cells. Perforin was isolated from murine CTL by sequential application of perforin-enriched granule fractions to four chromatographic columns: DEAE-Sepharose, Q-Sepharose, Polyanion SI, and Superose 12. Purified perforin was eluted as a single band of 70 kD in SDS-PAGE. While purified perforin produced potent lysis of a variety of target cells tested, it did not induce any measurable amount of DNA fragmentation. In parallel experiments, intact CTL produced marked DNA fragmentation of the same target cell populations. Our results suggest that perforin alone is not responsible for the DNA fragmentation observed during CTL-mediated killing and that other, as yet unknown, mediators or mechanisms are likely to be involved in the induction of target cell nuclear damage.
Long term exposure to air pollution decreases life expectancy, UK report finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Long term exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased mortality, warns a major UK report published this week, which has also defined the most useful measure of air pollution in developing strategies to reduce adverse effects on health.

The new report follows up a 2001 review that looked at the long term effects of exposure to air pollutants on health, itself based on two major US studies. That review said that a causal relationship with mortality was “more likely than not” and that the studies’ findings were applicable in the UK.

Research in the …
EPICARDIAL FAT VOLUME IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Kiyotaka Okura, Koji Maeno, Yoshitaka Okabe, Seiichiro Okura, Hitoshi Takemori, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Yasuo Takegoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A calmodulin-like protein as an extracellular mitogen for the keratinocyte
Authors: N.J. GOBERDHAN, R.A. DAWSON, E. FRKEDLANDER, S.MAC NEIL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article A calmodulin‐like protein as an extracellular mitogen for the keratinocyte Get access N.J. GOBERDHAN, N.J. GOBERDHAN Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, S5 7AU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. DAWSON, R.A. DAWSON Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, S5 7AU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. FRKEDLANDER, E. FRKEDLANDER Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.MAC NEIL S.MAC NEIL Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, S5 7AU, U.K. Dr. S. Mac Neil. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 678–688, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03331.x Published: 01 December 1993 Article history Accepted: 21 May 1993 Published: 01 December 1993
Production of B‐cell growth factor interleukin 2 and gamma interferon by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B‐cell type
Authors: Jean‐François Rossi, Therese Commes, Jean Grenier, Michel Jourdan, Behrouz Chichehian, Bernard Klein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type (B-CLL) is a malignant disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation of small lymphocytes of B-cell origin, usually associated with suppression of polyclonal B-cell activation (i.e., proliferation and differentiation). Normal human B-cell proliferation is controlled by different T-cell-derived lymphokines, including interleukin 2 (IL2) and gamma interferon (gamma-IFN), that account for the majority of the B-cell growth factor (BCGF) activity produced by mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We have previously shown an increased and dysregulated secretion of IL2 in peripheral blood from patients with B-CLL. BCGF, IL2, and gamma-IFN productions by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMCs were investigated in 13 patients with active untreated B-CLL and 11 healthy donors. B-CLL PBMCs produced a significant amount of BCGF (6 U/ml) despite the low percentage of T cells (10%) associated with this disease as compared with that found in healthy donors (61%). BCGF production in normal controls and B-CLL patients was tripled after irradiation of PBMCs or addition of indomethacin. gamma-IFN secretion in B-CLL patients was decreased when compared with normal controls. Therefore, when gamma-IFN was calculated per fixed number of T cells, production was significantly higher in B-CLL patients than in normal controls, showing a dilution of the productive cells. This study suggests that T cells from B-CLL patients are functional in terms of BCGF production despite their decreased percentage and abnormalities in surface markers.
The changing epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: National health and nutrition examination survey 2001 through 2010
Authors: Ivo Ditah, Fausta Ditah, Pardha Devaki, Oforbuike Ewelukwa, Chobufo Ditah, Basile Njei, Henry N. Luma, Michael Charlton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
TREATMENT OF HYPERTROPHIED TONSILS BY MEANS OF IGNIPUNCTURE.Read in the Section on Larynology and Otology at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: GILBERT I. CUXLEN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Consulting Laryngologist to Cincinnati Free Hospital for Women; Clinical Demonstrator of Laryngology and Otology in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and Clinical Lecturer of Rhinology and Laryngology, in the Women's Medical College of Cincinnati. There is probably no disease with which the laryngologist has to deal with more frequently than enlarged or hypertrophied tonsils, and consequently a successful method of their treatment, I trust, will prove of interest to all. This condition, while not presenting the unfavorable prognosis of many forms of throat disease, yet I think will at times prove quite as distressing and a source of as much discomfort to the patient, as some of the most serious maladies with which we come in contact. As it is not the object of this paper to present the various forms of hypertrophy or disease of the tonsils or their attending symptoms, I will not enter into a
Abstract 5163: Differential effects of IGF-2 on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in African- American and Caucasian breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Nalo M. Hamilton, Louisa Amis, Willie L. Davis, April Saldivar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease that disproportionately affects women. Breast cancer patients with the worst prognosis tend to be premenopausal, African-American (AA) and present with aggressive, estrogen-independent tumors unresponsive to standard endocrine therapy. Because of these factors, it is important to discover unique biomarkers for screening and treatment of breast cancer. One potential candidate is the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-2). Studies indicate that tumors that express high levels of IGF-2 are more aggressive, exhibit a basal-like phenotype and tend to metastasize. Suggesting that enhanced or altered IGF-2-mediated cell signaling pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis and disease progression of metastatic, ER-null breast cancer. We hypothesize that this may be due to the ability of IGF-2 to affect the mesenchymal epithelial transition (EMT) of these cells. To assess the potential effect(s) of proIGF-2 on EMT, we have over-expressed pro- and mature- forms of IGF-2 in human breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T47D, Hs578T, CRL-2329, CRL-2335 and Z75D-30. There are phenotypic changes that are characteristic of EMT, cellular morphology was evaluated by phase-contrast and confocal microscopy on days 5, 15, 20, and 30 post-transfection. In cells overexpressing proIGF-2 and mIGF-2, qRT-PCR and Western immunoblot analysis were used to assess expression and activation of E-cadherin, PI3K/AKT, SNAI1/2, RelB, Bcl-2, ERα and ERβ. This project will evaluate proIGF-2 as an initator of EMT and cancer metastisis. [Research support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5163. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5163
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor signaling by mediating Mal degradation
Authors: Ashley Mansell, Rosealee Smith, Sarah L Doyle, Pearl Gray, Jennifer E Fenner, Peter J Crack, Sandra E Nicholson, Douglas J Hilton, Luke A J O'Neill, Paul J Hertzog
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
Measurement of blood loss by means of a whole-body counter.
Authors: J M Holt, F G Mayet, G T Warner, S T Callender
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In the investigation of patients with hypochromic anaemia the assessment of the part played by gastrointestinal or menstrual blood loss is often extremely difficult.This paper describes a method for the measurement of blood loss over periods of up to three months by means of 59Fe and the simple whole-body counter recently designed in this department (Callender et al., 1966).The principles involved are that 7 to 10 days after the administration of 59Fe all or most of the dose will be incorporated into circulating red cells.In normal males and postmenopausal females the whole-body radioactivity will remain stable and any loss in total body radioactivity must represent loss of blood.The technique was evaluated by studying patients with polycythaemia from whom known quantities of blood were removed by venesection.Its clinical use is illustrated by studies of five patients with hypochromic anaemia. MethodsThe design of the whole-body counter and its uses in measuring absorption have been described in detail elsewhere (Warner and Oliver, 1966 ; Callender et al., 1966).The majority of subjects studied were given an intravenous tracer dose of 59Fe ferric citrate with 1.5 to 1.0 juCi activity; subjects in whom additional information on the ability to absorb iron was required were given an oral dose of 5 mg. of ferrous iron labelled with approximately 5 /Ci 59Fe.
Abstract 5437: The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SNDX-275 enhances the antitumor effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by suppressing regulatory T cell gene expression and function
Authors: Li Shen, Roberto Pili
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In our previous studies we have reported that the combination of IL-2 and the HDAC inhibitor SNDX-275 had an in vivo synergistic antitumor effect in an immuno-competent murine model of renal cell carcinoma (RENCA). The antitumor effect was associated with a decreased number of T regulatory cells (Tregs). In this study we observed that SNDX-275 treatment affects Tregs function by modulating the transcriptional factor Foxp3, a key regulator of Treg function. We assessed the levels of CD4+Foxp3+ cells (Tregs) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS) and evaluated mRNA level of Foxp3 by QRT-PCR. Both in vitro and in vivo treatment of SNDX-275 reduced Foxp3 protein level and mRNA level in Tregs. Moreover, in the RENCA tumor mouse model, by testing peripheral blood lymphocytes, we found that the antitumor activity of SNDX-275 was associated with reduced Foxp3 protein level in Treg cells. In addition, Tregs were purified from splenocytes of SNDX-275 treated or vehicle-treated mice. Regulatory T cell functional assay showed that Tregs from SNDX-275 (5mg/kg) treated mice had a significantly reduced inhibitory activity on proliferating T effector cells as compared to Tregs from vehicle-treated mice. While 20mg/kg dose of SNDX-275 had a dramatic inhibitory effect on T effector cells, lower dose SNDX-275 (5mg/kg) had either none or moderate negative effect on T effectors. Taken together, these results indicate that SNDX-275 inhibits Foxp3 gene and protein expression, which leads to inhibition of Tregs function, in a dose dependent fashion. Tregs-suppressing features of the HDAC inhibitor SNDX-275 provides the rationale to include this agent in combinational strategies involving immuno-modulatory therapies such as IL-2 to further improve antitumor immune response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5437.
Perception and measurement of strength and range of movement in women following treatment for breast cancer.
Authors: M Lee, SL Kilbreath, J Beith, L Ward, K Refshauge, JM Simpson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1124 Introduction: About half the women who undergo breast cancer surgery report consequent shoulder problems. However, their perception of symptoms such as loss of movement and strength may not be reflected in physical measurements. The aim of this study was to compare the women's perception of symptoms with objective measurements of muscle strength and range of motion (ROM). Methods: One hundred thirty two women (mean age 53 years, SD 12) with early stage breast cancer participated in this study within 6 weeks of their surgery. Participants rated their perception of shoulder ROM and strength on a 5-point likert scale, with the anchors “no impairment” (0) to extreme (4). Shoulder abduction and forward flexion muscle strength were tested using a hand-held dynamometer and ROM with a digital inclinometer. Muscle weakness was defined as a deficit &amp;gt; 20% compared to the unaffected side in either movement. Limited ROM was categorized as &amp;gt; 20° deficit compared to the unaffected side. Results: Thirty two percent of women reported minor weakness, 17% reported moderated weakness, 4% reported major weakness, and no women reported extreme weakness. In addition, 36% reported a minor limited ROM, 32% reported moderate limited ROM, 11% reported major limited ROM, and no women reported extreme limited ROM. Fifty eight percent of women had &amp;gt; 20% muscle weakness and 15% of women had &amp;gt; 20° limited ROM in either shoulder flexion or abduction. There was a moderate relationship between participants' perception and objective measurements in range of motion (Spearman's rho = 0.55 and 0.57 for abduction and flexion, respectively) and a weak relationship for muscle strength (0.28 and 0.18). Interestingly, 28 women reported having no weakness on their affected side, although, strength measurements showed &amp;gt; 20% weakness compared to the unaffected side. Also, 20 women showed less than 20% strength difference between arms but reported having minor to major loss of muscle strength. Conclusion: The women's perception was weakly related to the objective measurements. Physical and psychological factors may contribute to the perception of symptoms. Acknowledgement: Supported by NSW Cancer Council. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1124.
LONG TERM (5 YEARS) OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS TREATED WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE.
Authors: Valeria Magni, Alaide Chieffo, Alfonso Ielasi, Matteo Montorfano, Azeem Latib, Cosmo Godino, Mauro Carlino, Iassen Michev, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
GMC's current proposals for revalidation are flawed
Authors: I. W B Grant
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—According to the General Medical Council, the object of revalidation is to establish the principle that “to maintain their registration, all doctors must be able to demonstrate regularly that they continue to be fit to practise in their chosen field.”1 In theory, revalidation has much to commend it, but the GMC's proposals for its implementation are flawed. They state: “local profiling of performance: evidence about the doctor's performance and continuing professional development” will be “gathered and reviewed locally” …