tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detecting Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: Rein Tideiksaar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In response to the article How and When To Use the Digitalis Serum Levels (239:2594, 1978), the author aptly discusses the current state of the digoxin serum level and its problems of interpretation. But he fails to stress that the clinician may be ordering digoxin levels for the wrong reason, thereby leading to possible inappropriate clinical decisions.  With the wide use of digoxin levels, the clinician may use the serum digoxin level as a diagnostic guide to drug effect on the body (digoxin toxicity) instead of regarding the serum levels primarily as a guide to the effect of the body on the drug, in other words that the clinician is basing the diagnosis of toxicity on serum levels alone.  If we bear in mind that digitalis toxicity is the result of the interaction of many factors, which have been mentioned elsewhere, 1 it may be inaccurate to
Activities of the B.M.A
Authors: G. Bancroft
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To identify non-major histocompatibility complex susceptible genes that might contribute to Behçet9s disease (BD). <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a genome-wide association study using DNA samples from a Korean population consisting of 379 BD patients and 800 controls. A replication study was performed in a Japanese population (363 BD patients and 272 controls). To evaluate the functional implication of the target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), gene expression levels in peripheral T cells, allele-specific modulation of promoter activity and biological effect of mRNA knockdown were investigated. <h3>Results</h3> We found a novel association of BD to the <i>GIMAP</i> locus, mapped to chromosome 7q36.1 (rs1608157, p=6.01×10<sup>−8</sup> in a minor allele dominant model; rs11769828, allele based p=1.60×10<sup>−6</sup>). A fine mapping study identified an association with four additional SNP: rs1522596 (OR=1.45, p=7.70×10<sup>−6</sup>) in <i>GIMAP4</i>; rs10266069 (OR=1.32, p=2.67×10<sup>−4</sup>) and rs10256482 (OR=1.27, p=5.27×10<sup>−4</sup>) in <i>GIMAP2</i>; and rs2286900 (OR=1.61, p=3.53×10<sup>−5</sup>) in <i>GIMAP1</i> areas. Replication study using DNA samples from the Japanese population validated the significant association between BD and the <i>GIMAP</i> locus. The <i>GIMAP4</i> promoter construct plasmid with the minor allele of rs1608157 displayed significantly lower activity than one with the major allele. Moreover, CD4 T cells from BD patients showed a lower level of <i>GIMAP4</i> mRNA, and <i>GIMAP4</i> knockdown was protective against Fas-mediated apoptosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that a <i>GIMAP</i> cluster is a novel susceptibility locus for BD, which is involved in T-cell survival, and T-cell aberration can contribute to the development of BD.
Herbal Medicines — What's in the Bottle?
Authors: Stephen E Straus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

We are in the midst of a public health experiment that much of academic medicine has failed to acknowledge until recently. In spite of the greatest health and longevity in history in the United States and Europe, millions are turning back to traditional herbal medicines in order to prevent or treat a host of illnesses. Thus, the review by De Smet (pages 2046–2056) and the accompanying Sounding Board article by Marcus and Grollman (pages 2073–2076) in this issue of the Journal are very timely. Both articles identify serious problems with the overall quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal products. In . . .
Reviews and Notes: Hematology: Reasoning and Decision Making in Hematology
Authors: John Neumanitis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 November 1993Reviews and Notes: Hematology: Reasoning and Decision Making in HematologyJohn Neumanitis, MDJohn Neumanitis, MDTexas Oncology, Dallas, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hematology: Reasoning and Decision Making in HematologyBenjamin Djulbegovic, ed. 253 pages. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. $44.95.The art of choosing optimal workup and therapeutic intervention for the wide range of hematologic disorders is an increasingly difficult task for the practicing physician. Medical technology, particularly in the field of hematology, is rapidly advancing with the onset of recombinant DNA technology, new chemotherapy regimens, and new diagnostic modalities. The literature must be continually updated for optimal decision making.Reasoning and Decision Making in Hematology uses algorithms to present a comprehensive and up-to-date review that defines and facilitates decision making for hematologic disorders commonly ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1057-1058KeywordsAlgorithmsChemotherapyDNADecision makingHematology and oncologyReasoning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Transvenous procurement of pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells using a novel endoarterial biopsy catheter in a canine model
Authors: Abraham Rothman, David M. Mann, Mark T. House, Ron G. Konopka, Peter G. Chiles, Craig A. Pedersen, Paul Wolf, Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Principles of X-ray Diagnosis
Authors: Joseph E. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In planning a roentgenology text for beginners, the author has a unique strength which can only come from years of teaching. Knowing the elementary question which will be asked, he is prepared to answer. For example, a half-page illustration is devoted to how to count ribs on a routine film of the chest. The book has two introductory chapters on "making" and "looking at" radiograms and ten chapters organized systematically. The pages and illustrations are large. The roentgenographic reproductions are excellent and numerous. Valuable statistical data and useless eponyms are both avoided in an effort to present an uncluttered manuscript. The text is very personal and describes the author's approach and opinion of most radiographic examinations and common diseases. Some opinions are outdated, as, employing cardiac-thoracic ratio to evaluate heart size. In some disease states, such as congenital heart disease, the lack of the physiologic approach makes the anatomic principles
Comparison of Two Assays for the Determination of Specific IgE in Serum of Atopic and Nonatopic Subjects: the Allergenetics FAST™ and the Phadezym RAST®
Authors: A. Pécoud, R. Peitrequin, J. Fasel, P. C. Frei
Journal: Allergy (1986)

The FAST™ assay (Allergenetics) for the determination of specific IgE has recently been introduced. The results of this test, graded in classes 0 (negative), 1 (equivocal) and 2 to 6 (positive) were compared with those of another commercially available test (Phadezym RAST®, Pharmacia), graded from class 0 (negative) and classes 1 to 4 (positive). In 52 adults suffering from rhinitis/asthma, a total of 114 positive skin prick TESTS (SPT) were obtained for common respiratory allergens. In 67% of these tests the Phadezym RAST was positive and in 63% the FAST was positive (classes 2 to 6). In these patients there were 151 negative SPT: 6% corresponded to a positive Phadezym RAST (all class 1) and 34% to a positive FAST (classes 2 to 6). The serum of nine nonatopic volunteers who had negative SPT for 12 common allergens were tested. In none did the Phadezym RAST give any positive results; the FAST was positive in all nine sera, detecting between five and 11 allergens. When both assays were performed on 14 unselected cord blood samples, the Phadezym RAST was positive in three samples (with class 1 results to n maximum of two allergens), and the FAST was positive in 12 samples, detecting between one and seven allergens. Thus, in our hands, the FAST gave an abnormally high number of positive results in patients with negative SPT, in nonatopic volunteers, and in cord blood.
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF RABBIT POX
Authors: Paul D. Rosahn, Ch'uan-K'uei Hu, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

The results of serum neutralizing tests with the viruses of pox, vaccinia, and virus III disease herewith reported generally agree and supplement the results of reinoculation experiments on immune rabbits reported in the previous paper (1). The finding that pox virus is neutralized by pox immune serum indicates that the refractory state of recovered pox rabbits to reinoculation with pox virus and the failure of recovered pox rabbits to contract a second pox infection after adequate exposure is to be explained upon the basis of the development of an active immunity. The failure of virus III immune serum to neutralize pox virus is in agreement with the previous conclusion drawn from the positive results of reinoculation and exposure experiments that there is no specific relationship between pox virus and virus III. Rabbits which had recovered from a pox infection were completely refractory to inoculation with dermo-(culture) vaccine, while rabbits which had recovered from vaccinia were partially refractory to inoculation with pox virus. Vaccine immune adult rabbits did not show any clinical evidence of pox upon exposure to florid cases, but young recently weaned vaccine immunes developed definite although comparatively mild pox infections. The serum neutralization tests showed that pox immune serum neutralized vaccine virus although the action was not complete as shown by the positive results obtained with high dilutions of serum; vaccine immune serum possessed some but comparatively slight neutralizing properties against pox virus. The results of the crossed inoculation and serum neutralizing experiments with pox and neurovaccine viruses resembled those obtained with pox and dermo-(culture) vaccine but the differences were less pronounced. The differences in virus neutralizing ability on the part of the three immune sera paralleled the differences in virus potency as indicated by the character of the local lesions at the site of injection and by the general character of the clinical manifestations of the infection. The potency or virulence of pox virus was much greater than that of neurovaccine and vastly greater than that of dermo-(culture) vaccine. The complete identity of pox and vaccine virus could not be established, but a definite relationship between them was demonstrated and this was shown to have an immunological basis. From a practical standpoint vaccination with vaccine virus as a prophylactic measure against rabbit pox was clearly indicated.
A quantitative study of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran transport in the microcirculation of the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Richard J. Stock, Eugene V. Cilento, Robert S. McCuskey
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Hepatic extraction of solutes depends on microvascular angioarchitecture, hemodynamics and solute concentrations. These factors may contribute to the heterogeneity observed in solute transport and uptake in the hepatic lobules. However, predictions of liver extraction based on black-box models require assumptions about these factors and the microvascular transport mechanisms involved. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate solute transport and uptake by hepatocytes. Livers from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused at physiological flowrates and portal pressures on the stage of an in vivo microscope using a low-hematocrit Ringer solution. A bolus of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (17,900, 39,000, 65,600 or 156,900 MW), which are considered inert fluid-phase markers, was injected into the portal vein. Fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence, as a measure of solute concentration, was video recorded in periportal or centrivenular regions of the lobules. Spatial and temporal fluorescence data, measured in sinusoids and hepato-cytes, were fit to one-dimensional transport models to determine estimates for an intracellular effective diffusion coefficient and for hepatocyte permeability. The calculated effective diffusion coefficients were 2.5 times larger for dextrans less than 66,000 MW, but were not different between the periportal and centrivenular regions. Also, the values did not show the inverse log-log molecular weight dependency for dextrans seen in other microvascular tissues. Values of permeability were much larger than values for nonfenestrated capillaries and also did not exhibit any regional differences. Finally, comparison of the magnitudes of effective diffusion coefficients and permeability suggested that the controlling resistance to dextran uptake occurs intracellularly.
The Artificial Kidney in the Treatment of Chronic Tophaceous Gout
Authors: Morris Goldberg, Leonard Castleman, Isaac S. Friedman, Stanley L. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE is the major cause of death in patients with tophaceous gout. Pyelonephritis and arteriosclerosis occur in patients with this disorder, but urate deposition in the parenchyma of the kidney is the characteristic renal lesion of gout, and is, in some patients, the main cause of renal insufficiency. Uricosuric drugs usually produce negative uric acid balance, and thereby may remove uric acid from the kidney and other sites. Phillips has reported the reversal of renal insufficiency in a patient with gout treated with probenecid, presumably by the removal of uric acid from the kidney. Some patients with chronic tophaceous gout and renal insufficiency are resistant to uricosuric drugs. The artificial kidney has previously been shown to be effective in the removal of uric acid in patients with acute renal failure and with uric acid obstruction of the ureters. Duncan et al. reported preliminary results of dialysis in the
New Observations in Generalized Cytomegalic-Inclusion Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Thomas B. Guyton, Fred Ehrlich, William A. Blanc, Melvin H. Becker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE patient discussed below was considered to be a normal premature infant at birth. Hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, hemolytic anemia, petechiae and x-ray evidence of intracranial calcifications subsequently developed. A provisional diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was discarded when a Sabin–Feldman dye test for toxoplasmosis1 was negative. Inclusion cells were then found in the urinary sediment and gastric washings,2 and salivary-gland virus was grown in tissue culture from the patient's urine.3 The correct diagnosis of cytomegalic-inclusion disease in this patient is particularly significant because he presented what has been considered a characteristic clinical picture of toxoplasmosis.Case ReportE. E. was born on May . . .
Homocysteine Lowering and Severe Kidney Disease—Reply
Authors: Rex L. Jamison, Peter D. Guarino, David S. Goldfarb, Stuart R. Warren
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Narrative Review: Electrocution and Life-Threatening Electrical Injuries
Authors: Christian Spies, Richard G. Trohman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

The authors reviewed the mechanisms and pathophysiology of typically encountered electrical injuries by searching English-language publications listed in MEDLINE and reference lists from identified articles. They included relevant retrospective studies, case reports, and review articles published between 1966 and 2005. The authors also searched the Internet for information related to electrocution and life-threatening electrical injuries. They found that familiarity with basic principles of physics elucidates the typical injuries sustained by patients who experience electrical shock. Death due to electrocution occurs frequently. However, patients successfully resuscitated after cardiopulmonary arrest often have a favorable prognosis. Approximately 3000 patients who survive electrical shock are admitted to specialized burn units annually. Patients with serious electrical burns admitted to the intensive care unit are trauma patients and should be treated accordingly. Initial prediction of outcome for patients who have experienced electrical shock is difficult, as the full degree of injury is often not apparent.
Effect of Midazolam on Sphincter of Oddi Motility
Authors: P. Rolny, A. Ärlebäck
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Midazolam is a more recent benzodiazepine used for sedation during endoscopic procedures, including sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry. However, the effect of this drug on the human SO has so far not been studied. In this paper we explored the effect of midazolam on human SO motility by means of endoscopic manometry. Twelve patients with suspected SO dysfunction were investigated. We found that in patients with normal manometry findings, midazolam had no effect on the sphincter motility. In contrast, in all patients with elevated SO pressure (SOP), as well as in one of the three patients with borderline SO tone, midazolam (2.5 mg i.v.) produced a relaxatory effect. Due to this effect the final readings were affected in three out of five patients, i.e. the abnormally elevated SOP decreased to a borderline level in two and in the remaining patient the borderline level in two and in the remaining patient the borderline SOP decreased to normal. In one other patient with a markedly elevated SOP the additional injection of 2.5 mg of midazolam caused a further decrease in SOP to a borderline level. We conclude that midazolam, due to its relaxatory effect on SO, appears to be a less suitable sedative for SO manometry.
Confronting the Complexity of the Physician Workforce Equation
Authors: Darrell G. Kirch
Journal: JAMA (2008)

THE UNITED STATES IS A NATION IN WHICH 47 MILlion citizens have no health insurance, more than 16% of the country’s gross domestic product is spent on rapidly increasing health costs, and stark disparities exist in health care access, exemplified by 20% of the population currently residing in federally designated health professional shortage areas. These formidable challenges have led to renewed interest in reforming the health care system while engendering intense debate among policy makers and politicians. One area of increasing focus has been the current and future size of the US physician workforce. If the health care system’s purpose is to provide quality care and appropriate access to care, a critical factor is to have an adequate supply of well-educated providers. Although physicians are not the only professionals providing health services, they are a key component of the overall health care workforce. Therefore, determining the number of physicians necessary to meet current and future US needs has become a critical question. The debate regarding this question, however, is at risk of becoming overly simplistic and polarized.
Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica: Its relationship to primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis
Authors: A. Sakula
Journal: Thorax (1968)

An uncommon case of tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica in a 52-year-old woman is reported, the fifth example of this condition to be published in the British literature. The bronchoscopic feature of bony hardness of the bronchial wall was initially suggestive of bronchial neoplasm. The histological feature of bony deposits (containing marrow showing active haemopoiesis) in the submucosa of the lower trachea and major bronchi was superimposed on a background of primary localized amyloid infiltration, and yet the bronchoscopic findings and the naked-eye morbid anatomical appearance suggested tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica. A study of the reported cases of tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica on the one hand, and of primary localized tracheobronchial amyloidosis on the other, reveals considerable similarity and overlap between the two conditions. It is postulated that some, if not all, cases of tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica are merely the advanced ossified stage of primary localized amyloidosis of the lower respiratory tract.
HOSPITALS WITHOUT AVAILABLE HOUSE STAFFS
Authors: Monroe H. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  We at St. Clare's Hospital are studying the problem of how to run a 150-bed general hospital without available house staff. This problem has interested us for several years. We have been functioning, as many other hospitals have, with foreign residents, usually men who have left approved resident training programs and are awaiting citizenship. We have been unable to obtain an approved general practice residency program. Thus, we fall into the large group of hospitals with an unapproved, but active, teaching program. Because of this we have been able to have a staff of five resident physicians, but we anticipate that, because of the new examinations for foreign graduates and the decrease in the available positions from foreign countries, we may be faced with the same dilemma that many other hospitals are facing today, namely, that we will have no resident physicians, or, at the most, one
EARLY MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSPLASIA GENE CARRIERS WITHOUT PHENOTYPE EXPRESSION
Authors: Kai Hang Yiu, Nina Ajmone Marsan, V. Delagdo, T.G. Witkowski, S.H. Ewe, D. Auger, M. Joerink, D. Atsma, J.J. Bax, Cardiology Division
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Haemolytic Streptococcal Infections and Acute Rheumatism
Authors: C. A. Green
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1942)

THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES within the term of five years, it has secured a close Anglo-American alliance in the War on Rheumatism.That, as our President notes, is of supreme value.There is no humane scientific task beyond the range of our joint accomplishment; and we shall be reinforced in due course by the efforts of Russia, of China, and of the liberated peoples of Europe. HA2MOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONSAND ACUTE RHEUMATISM*
Frequency, Characteristics and Importance of the Cervical Venous Hum in Adults
Authors: Frederick L. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE presence of a continuous murmur heard in the anterior neck owing to blood flowing in the jugular veins has been well recognized for more than a hundred years.1 Most textbooks on cardiology2 3 4 5 mention the venous hum and its association with a variety of pathophysiologic states. All are vague, however, about the frequency of this finding in adult patients.The objectives of this study were to ascertain the frequency and characteristics of the cervical venous hum in patients outside the pediatric age group and to determine possible correlation of the murmur with age, sex, body habitus, hypertension and underlying disease. . . .