tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of appropriate laboratory measurements to supplement the Crohn's disease activity index.
Authors: C Andre, L Descos, P Landais, J Fermanian
Journal: Gut (1981)

The ability of 11 laboratory parameters to reflect the degree of activity of Crohn9s disease, using a clinical index as reference point was compared by means of multiple stepwise regression analysis. Activity was best defined in decreasing order by orosomucoid, sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, albumin, haematocrit, IgM, circulating immune complexes, serum iron, IgG, and IgA. The haematocrit, the only laboratory measurement in the Crohn9s disease activity index developed by the National Cooperative Study Group in the USA, is less discriminant than acute phase reactants. Only three parameters-namely, orosomucoid, sedimentation rate, and C reactive protein-have a significant weight and should be complementary to a simple clinical index.
Preparation and characterization of melittin-loaded poly (dl-lactic acid) or poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres made by the double emulsion method
Authors: None Fude Cui, None Dongmei Cun, None Anjin Tao, None Mingshi Yang, None Kai Shi, None Min Zhao, None Ying Guan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Comparison of Chlorpropamide and Glibenclamide Treatment of Maturity-onset Diabetes: Control Assessed by Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentrations
Authors: E A Ward, D A Lang, M R Phillips, R C Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Twelve maturity-onset diabetic subjects were treated with chlorpropamide once daily, glibenclamide once daily, or glibenclamide twice daily in a crossover design study. Doses were increased until the fasting blood glucose concentrations became &amp;lt; 6 mmol/L (108 mg/dl), at which time the patients were admitted for a 24-h study period. There was little difference between the plasma glucose and insulin responses to chlorpropamide or glibenclamide given twice daily (mean doses 489 and 11 mg/day, respectively). When glibenclamide was given once daily (mean dose 9 mg/day), similar plasma glucose concentrations during the day were obtained with slightly higher plasma glucose concentrations during the night. Four patients had chlorpropamide-induced flushing with alcohol, and six patients had postprandial hypoglycemia on glibenclamide. Chlorpropamide once daily or glibenclamide twice daily are suitable for control based on fasting blood glucose measurements.
Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Epidermal Skin Lesions of an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Jean-Paul Fermand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Using in-situ hybridization, we showed the presence of the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus genome in epidermal cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and unusual cutaneous lesions characterized clinically by a maculopapular eruption and histologically by epidermal cell degeneration and lymphoid cell infiltration. Such histologic changes are similar to those seen in graft-versus-host disease. The EB virus genome was mainly detected in the basal, germinative cells of the abnormal epithelium. Specimens of our patient's healthy skin were negative. The presence of EB virus DNA in skin lesions was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction adapted for analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. These findings indicate that EB virus can infect the human epidermis and that the viral infection may produce a distinctive cutaneous disease.
Multipolar Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcers with Nonbleeding Visible Vessels
Authors: Loren Laine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with endoscopic multipolar electrocoagulation in patients who have ulcers with nonbleeding visible vessels. Design: Prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trial; patients were followed until their discharge from the hospital. Setting: Urban, nonreferral county hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 75 patients who had a bloody nasogastric aspirate sample, melena, or hematochezia; unstable vital signs, a transfusion of at least two units of blood in 12 hours, or a drop in the hematocrit of at least 0.06 in 12 hours; and endoscopic evidence of an ulcer with a nonbleeding visible vessel. Intervention: Sham or real multipolar electrocoagulation at the time of diagnostic endoscopy. Measurements and Main Results: Compared with the control group, the group receiving multipolar electrocoagulation showed marked improvement in the following variables: rebleeding (18% compared with 41%, P < 0.05; difference, 23%; 95% CI, 3% to 43%); need for emergency surgery (8% compared with 30%, P < 0.05; difference, 22%; CI, 5% to 39%); mean number of hospital days (4.3 ± 0.4 compared with 6.2 ± 0.7, P < 0.05; difference, 1.9; CI, 0.4 to 3.4); and cost of hospitalization ($3790 ± $410 compared with $5730 ± $650, P < 0.05; difference, $1940; CI, $400 to $3480). The mean transfusion requirement in the treatment group was 1.6 ± 0.3 as compared with 3.0 ± 0.6 units in the control group (P = 0.13; difference, 1.4; CI, 0 to 2.8). The overall mortality was extremely low: Only 1 (1%) of 75 patients died. Bleeding was induced in 7 (18%) of the 38 patients treated with electrocoagulation, and 1 patient required urgent surgery. Conclusions: Endoscopic treatment with multipolar electrocoagulation is beneficial in patients who present with major upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and are found to have an ulcer with a nonbleeding visible vessel.
Letter: Types of emphysema.
Authors: A G Heppleston
Journal: BMJ (1974)

6) Dr. Freedman works in a country with so-alled socialized medicine and should know that there is no economic burden for the patient having an operation for varicose veins.There is no reason to admit patients with thiis disease to a hospital unless the patient has some conoomitant disease neces- sitating prolonged postanaesthetic supervision.Dr. Freedman admits that "the stri,pping sound is useful in removing isolated segments of vein as those under an ulcer or eczematous area."These are the conditions in which a stripper really is not necessary.In these cases the pertinent perforating veins sghould be ligated and, most often, varicose clusters should be left at the operation in order not to imperil proper wound healing.I think that Dr. Freedman is alone with his view, at least as long as it is founded on the arguments he presents.-Iam, etc.,
COMPETENCY FOR TRIAL AND DUE PROCESS VIA THE STATE HOSPITAL
Authors: A. LOUIS McGARRY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Although large numbers of criminal defendants are being sent to Massachusetts hospitals for pre-trial observation by the courts, few are indefinitely committed in a criminal status. This paper has reported procedures and data from one Massachusetts state hospital and preliminary findings from a second which indicate that the issue of competence for trial has not been well understood by psychiatrists and has been confused with committability and criminal responsibility. This is in agreement with studies in the state of Michigan (7) and in the federal system(11). An attempt has been made to define competency for trial although it is acknowledged that further research in the area is needed. The findings do not establish that unnecessary indefinite pre-trial commitments are taking place in these hospitals. They do indicate that these commitments tend to be prolonged, that a significant percentage of the criminally committed could stand trial and that this is in their best interest.
PERIORAL DERMATITIS: AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT WITH TETRACYCLINE
Authors: ANGUS MACDONALD, MICHAEL FEIWEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— "Perioral dermatitis" has been studied in 29 patients; all were females in their child‐bearing years, with ages ranging from 18 to 39 (mean 27). Twenty patients showed a marked flushing tendency, but the condition was apparently unrelated to other factors studied, including colouring, skin type, pregnancy and the contraceptive pill. Perioral dermatitis is a distinct entity and not a variant of seborrhoeic derma‐titis or rosacea. All patients were greatly improved by tetracycline therapy for 2–3 months, after which relapse was unusual.
Priority in Technic.
Authors: George Ryerson Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Brooklyn, April 20, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the April 4 number ofThe Journalone of your contributors, in an article entitled "A Few Practical Points in the Technic of Nephrorrhaphy and Herniotomy, and a New Modification of Alexander's Operation," publishes, as his own, three operative procedures so long identified with the names of other surgeons that I can not forbear calling your attention to the fact. In the second paragraph of his article your contributor states that he has employed the methods described since 1890, claiming originality, by implication, for the latter and dating the claim from the time mentioned. It may be true that Dr. Canac-Marquis was the first to apply the "crossed" or figure-of-eight suture in nephrorrhapy, although, if my recollection serves me right, I used it in the winter of 1889 and 1890 in perineorrhaphy, nephrorrhaphy, herniotomy and for the closure of abdominal and other
P315 PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS PRESENT STRONG CELLULAR Th1 IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE
Authors: L.J. Blackmore, J.M. Ryan, X. Huang, M. Hussain, E. Triantafyllou, N. Vergis, G.M. Vijay, C.G. Antoniades, M. Thursz, W. Jassem, D. Vergani, D.L. Shawcross, Y. Ma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Compartment syndromes in unconscious patients: a simple aid to diagnosis.
Authors: A C Macey
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A propos d'une observation chez une fillette de 13 ans atteinte de plusieurs fractures lors d'un accident de bicyclette, et presque inconsciente. L'examen clinique ne donnant que peu d'information sur le syndrome, une methode manometrique simple est proposee pour surveiller l'evolution des pressions des tissus dans les compartiments des jambes
Federal funding for comparative drug studies not in US budget
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Heavy lobbying by the US drug industry has, for the time being, held up studies comparing the clinical efficacy of prescription drugs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which administers Medicare, has been effectively prevented from using evidence of functional equivalence when deciding whether or not Medicare should approve a particular drug for coverage and Medicaid programmes.

The drug companies argued, prior to legislation being passed, that attempts to determine equivalence between older and most likely cheaper drugs, would discourage manufacturers from developing new and possibly better products, even though they were likely to be more expensive.

Last year Congress considered legislation requiring such comparisons ( BMJ 2003;327:642). By the time the President signed into law the new Medicare legislation in December, however, the funding …
Abstract 4425: Oral efficacy and preclinical ADME evaluation of CKD-516, a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor
Authors: Soo Jin Kim, Se-Mi Kim, Jae-Hoon Choi, Do Hyung Lee, Dong Wook Lee, Gyu-Tae Park, In-Taek Lim, Deok-Jin Jeon, Seonwoo Lee, Dal-Hyun Kim, Kyung Joo Lee, Sungsook Lee, Chung Il Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CKD-516 is a potent anticancer agent that inhibits microtubule assembly and disrupts tumor vasculature (VDA). CKD-516 is an amino acid prodrug of S516 releasing S516 in vivo. Previously we reported the discovery and its antitumor efficacy of CKD-516 as well as various in vitro studies (Abstract 5561, 2009 AACR). As a continuation of the investigation, a detailed ADME evaluation of CKD-516 in both rats and dogs and its potential as an oral agent is described in this report. Following intravenous administration to rats and dogs, CKD-516 rapidly became the active metabolite S516 in plasma and the half-lives of S516 were 1.5 hrs in rats, and 8 hrs in dogs. Protein binding was high with an unbound fraction less than or equal to 20% in all species tested. In distribution studies in rats dosed intravenously, S516 was mainly distributed in thymus, lung and stomach and had a short half-life less than 2 hrs in all tissues tested. In rats, the excretion of CKD-516 in urine, bile and feces amounted to 0.22%, 8.22% and 4.92%, respectively. S516 was found to have comparable metabolic stabilities both in dog and human liver microsomes where there was no difference between male and female microsomes. However, the rate of metabolism in rats from male and female liver microsomes were markedly different. In general, S516 is expected to have low drug-drug interaction with IC50 values of &amp;gt;10 μM against most CYP450 enzymes but had a moderate inhibition against CYP450 1A2 and 2C8. The intestinal absorption of CKD-516 was predicted to be moderate to high as the apparent permeabilities (×106 cm/sec) of CKD-516 and its active metabolite S516 in Caco-2 permeability assay were 15.1 and 35.4, respectively. Thus, CKD-516 was found to have an acceptable oral bioavailability in rats, supporting its potential efficacy as an oral agent. In vivo antitumor experiments were performed in the HCT116 human tumor xenograft model. When the established tumor reached the size of 150 mm3, CKD-516 was administered to mice orally. Groups of animals were received CKD-516 with doses of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg (Q4d × 5). The treated group showed a tumor growth suppression (IR = 50∼60%). Drug related toxicity and body weight decrease were not detected at doses tested. In summary, a complete ADME characterization of CKD-516, a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor and VDA, both in vitro and in vivo was described. Moreover, CKD-516 was found to have a good potential as an oral agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4425.
THE DECREASE IN PLASMA BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVEL IN RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS ILOPROST DURING CLINICAL WORSENING MAY PREDICT OUTCOME IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Cihangir Kaymaz, Nertila Poci, Tugba Aktemur, Selcuk Ozturk, Ozgur Y Akbal, Fatih Yilmaz, Hacer Ceren Tokgoz, Ibrahim Halil Tanboga, Nihal Ozdemir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Delayed Pulmonary Fibrosis after Nitrosourea Therapy
Authors: Andrew H. Limper, John A. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Adverse pulmonary reactions resulting from the use of chemotherapeutic agents are a life-threatening complication of modern cancer therapy. Their recognition and differentiation from lung injuries with infectious or other causes present a continuing diagnostic challenge to physicians treating patients with cancer. Many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents cause pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Until now, bleomycin has been the prototype, with fibrosis occurring in approximately 10 percent of patients receiving this agent, in whom it is fatal in roughly 10 percent.1 Adverse pulmonary reactions have also been associated with other cytotoxic agents, including busulfan, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, methotrexate, cytarabine, and the nitrosourea compounds; . . .
Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Test Strategies for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alan M. Garber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The appropriate roles for several diagnostic tests for coronary disease are uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to diagnosis of coronary disease. Design: Meta-analysis of the accuracy of alternative diagnostic tests plus decision analysis to assess the health outcomes and costs of alternative diagnostic strategies for patients at intermediate pretest risk for coronary disease. Data Sources: Studies of test accuracy that met inclusion criteria; published information on treatment effectiveness and disease prevalence. Target Population: Men and women 45, 55, and 65 years of age with a 25% to 75% pretest risk for coronary disease. Time Horizon: 30 years. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: Diagnostic strategies were initial angiography and initial testing with one of five noninvasive tests—exercise treadmill testing, planar thallium imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), stress echocardiography, and positron emission tomography (PET)—followed by coronary angiography if noninvasive test results were positive. Testing was followed by observation, medical treatment, or revascularization. Outcome Measures: Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and costs per QALY. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Life expectancy varied little with the initial diagnostic test; for a 55-year-old man, the best-performing test increased life expectancy by 7 more days than the worst-performing test. More sensitive tests increased QALYs more. Echocardiography improved health outcomes and reduced costs relative to stress testing and planar thallium imaging. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $75 000/QALY for SPECT relative to echocardiography and was greater than $640 000 for PET relative to SPECT. Compared with SPECT, immediate angiography had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $94 000/QALY. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Qualitative findings varied little with age, sex, pretest probability of disease, or the test indeterminacy rate. Results varied most with sensitivity to severe coronary disease. Conclusions: Echocardiography, SPECT, and immediate angiography are cost-effective alternatives to PET and other diagnostic approaches. Test selection should reflect local variation in test accuracy.
Climate in Treatment of Tuberculosis.
Authors: W. Launcelot Brown
Journal: JAMA (1905)

El Paso, Texas, May 30, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In the proceedings of the Illinois State Medical Society meeting (The Journal, May 27, p. 1706), I notice that Dr. J. W. Pettit, Ottawa, Ill., is reported to have said, in his article on tuberculosis, that "climate is an unimportant factor in the treatment of tuberculosis," and that "it has been demonstrated that the tent is practicable in cold climates." In the same issue, in the transactions of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, Dr. William Osler is quoted as saying: "The education of the profession includes three points: 1. They must know that early recognition is the first and most important thing. 2. They must recognize, practically, the efficiency of open-air treatment. 3. They must educate medical students; this is of paramount importance." Mr. William H. Baldwin, Washington, in a paper, at the same meeting, said:
The Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Prinomastat Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Responsiveness in a Mouse Tumor Model
Authors: Angela Ferrario, Christophe F. Chantrain, Karl von Tiehl, Sue Buckley, Natalie Rucker, David R. Shalinsky, Hiroyuki Shimada, Yves A. DeClerck, Charles J. Gomer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) clinical results are promising; however, tumor recurrences can occur and, therefore, methods for improving treatment efficacy are needed. PDT elicits direct tumor cell death and microvascular injury as well as expression of angiogenic, inflammatory, and prosurvival molecules. Preclinical studies combining antiangiogenic drugs or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with PDT show improved treatment responsiveness (A. Ferrario et al., Cancer Res 2000;60:4066–9; A. Ferrario et al., Cancer Res 2002;62:3956–61). In the present study, we evaluated the role of Photofrin-mediated PDT in eliciting expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and modulators of MMP activity. We also examined the efficacy of a synthetic MMP inhibitor, Prinomastat, to enhance tumoricidal activity after PDT, using a mouse mammary tumor model. Immunoblot analysis of extracts from PDT-treated tumors demonstrated strong expression of MMPs and extracellular MMP inducer along with a concomitant decrease in expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Gelatin zymography and enzyme activity assays performed on protein extracts from treated tumors confirmed the induction of both latent and enzymatically active forms of MMP-9. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that infiltrating inflammatory cells and endothelial cells were primary sources of MMP-9 expression after PDT, whereas negligible expression was observed in tumor cells. Administration of Prinomastat significantly improved PDT-mediated tumor response (P = 0.02) without affecting normal skin photosensitization. Our results indicate that PDT induces MMPs and that the adjunctive use of an MMP inhibitor can improve PDT tumor responsiveness.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Have Reduced the Incidence of Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Caused by Lethal Arrhythmias
Authors: Michiel Hulleman, Jocelyn Berdowski, Joris R. de Groot, Pascal F.H.M. van Dessel, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Marieke T. Blom, Abdenasser Bardai, Carel C. de Cock, Hanno L. Tan, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Rudolph W. Koster
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Over the last decades, a gradual decrease in ventricular fibrillation (VF) as initial recorded rhythm during resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been noted. We sought to establish the contribution of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy to this decline. Methods and Results— Using a prospective database of all OHCA resuscitation in the province North Holland in the Netherlands (Amsterdam Resuscitation Studies [ARREST]), we collected data on all patients in whom resuscitation for OHCA was attempted in 2005–2008. VF OHCA incidence (per 100 000 inhabitants per year) was compared with VF OHCA incidence data during 1995–1997, collected in a similar way. We also collected ICD interrogations of all ICD patients from North Holland and identified all appropriate ICD shocks in 2005–2008; we calculated the number of prevented VF OHCA episodes, considering that only part of the appropriate shocks would result in avoided resuscitation. VF OHCA incidence decreased from 21.1/100 000 in 1995–1997 to 17.4/100 000 in 2005–2008 ( P &lt;0.001). Non-VF OHCA increased from 12.2/100 000 to 19.4/100 000 ( P &lt;0.001). VF as presenting rhythm declined from 63% to 47%. In 2005–2008, 1972 ICD patients received 977 shocks. Of these shocks, 339 were caused by a life-threatening arrhythmia. We estimate that these 339 shocks have prevented 81 (minimum, 39; maximum, 152) cases of VF OHCA, corresponding with 33% (minimum, 16%; maximum, 63%) of the observed decline in VF OHCA incidence. Conclusions— The incidence of VF OHCA decreased over the last 10 years in North Holland. ICD therapy explained a decrease of 1.2/100 000 inhabitants per year, corresponding with 33% of the observed decline in VF OHCA.