tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined hyperlipidemia in transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein Cl.
Authors: N S Shachter, T Ebara, R Ramakrishnan, G Steiner, J L Breslow, H N Ginsberg, J D Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have generated transgenic mice over-expressing human apolipoprotein CI (apo CI) using the native gene joined to the downstream 154-bp liver-specific enhancer that we defined for apo E. Human apo CI (HuCI)-transgenic mice showed elevation of plasma triglycerides (mg/dl) compared to controls in both the fasted (211 +/- 81 vs 123 +/- 52, P = 0.0001) and fed (265 +/- 105 vs 146 +/- 68, P < 0.0001) states. Unlike the human apo CII (HuCII)- and apo CIII (HuCIII)-transgenic mouse models of hypertriglyceridemia, plasma cholesterol was disproportionately elevated (95 +/- 23 vs 73 +/- 23, P = 0.002, fasted and 90 +/- 24 vs 61 +/- 14, P < 0.0001, fed). Lipoprotein fractionation showed increased VLDL and IDL + LDL with an increased cholesterol/triglyceride ratio (0.114 vs 0.065, P = 0.02, in VLDL). The VLDL apo E/apo B ratio was decreased 3.4-fold (P = 0.05) and apo CII and apo CIII decreased in proportion to apo E. Triglyceride and apo B production rates were normal, but clearance rates of VLDL triglycerides and postlipolysis lipoprotein "remnants" were significantly slowed. Plasma apo B was significantly elevated. Unlike HuCII- and HuCIII-transgenic mice, VLDL from HuCI transgenic mice bound heparin-Sepharose, a model for cell-surface glycosaminoglycans, normally. In summary, apo CI overexpression is associated with decreased particulate uptake of apo B-containing lipoproteins, leading to increased levels of several potentially atherogenic species, including cholesterol-enriched VLDL, IDL, and LDL.
Diffuse Gallium-67 Uptake in Radiation Pneumonitis
Authors: MASAAKI KATAOKA, MASASHI KAWAMURA, NORIFUMI UEDA, HISAO ITOH, ATSUSHI IIO, KEN HAMAMOTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of Ga-67 imaging for the assessment of radiation pneumonitis, 12 patients who had developed radiation pneumonitis after receiving radiotherapy alone for non-small-cell lung cancer from 1979 through 1988 were reviewed. Diffuse bilateral Ga-67 uptake occurred in 5 out of the 12 cases; in the other 7 cases, Ga-67 uptake was confined to the irradiation lung. Conversely, chest radiography showed infiltrates only in the irradiated lung. Histopathology of the lung in four out of the five cases that showed diffuse Ga-67 uptake in the lung, however, revealed that the lung outside the radiation field with Ga-67 uptake was consistent with interstitial pneumonitis induced by radiation. These results suggest that radiation pneumonitis could extend beyond the irradiated lung and that Ga-67 imaging is more useful than chest radiography for the assessment of the spatial extent of radiography pneumonitis.
Spectrum of CD4 to CD8 T-Cell Ratios in Lymphocytic Alveolitis Associated with Methotrexate-induced Pneumonitis
Authors: CLAIRE FUHRMAN, ANTOINE PARROT, MARIE WISLEZ, HÉLÈNE PRIGENT, VÉRONIQUE BOUSSAUD, JEAN-FRANÇOIS BERNAUDIN, CHARLES MAYAUD, JACQUES CADRANEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The present study was conducted to confirm the presence of severe lymphocytic alveolitis and to determine the factors responsible for the very different alveolar CD4 to CD8 T-cell ratios (CD4/ CD8) described in methotrexate-induced pneumonitis (MTX-pneumonitis). Clinical and radiologic findings, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) data, including CD4 and CD8 subset analysis, were retrospectively reviewed for patients hospitalized between 1985 and 2000 for MTX-pneumonitis. BAL cell counts from patients with MTX-pneumonitis (cases) were compared with those from patients receiving MTX but who did not have evidence of MTX toxicity (MTX-exposed patients) and those from healthy subjects (control subjects). Nineteen BAL were performed in 14 consecutive cases of MTX-pneumonitis. MTX was given for various underlying diseases. All cases presented a subacute diffuse interstitial pneumonitis that recovered, with MTX discontinuation and/or initiation of adjunctive steroid therapy. At the time of diagnosis, BAL cell counts in MTX-pneumonitis indicated severe lymphocytic alveolitis when compared with MTX-exposed patients and control subjects and moderate neutrophil alveolitis compared with control subjects. The lymphocytic alveolitis resulted from an increase in both CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte cell counts. Nevertheless, alveolar CD4/ CD8 T-cell ratios ranged from 0.4 to 9.6. CD4/CD8 values correlated positively with lymphocyte counts but negatively with time elapsed between last MTX administration and BAL and with steroid cumulative dose received by the patients. Severe lymphocytic alveolitis was confirmed in our series of MTX-pneumonitis. The between-patient variation in CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios may reflect the large range of time intervals between last MTX administration and BAL evaluation and the use of adjunctive steroid therapy.
Gabapentin Treatment for Alcohol Dependence—Reply
Authors: Barbara J. Mason, Vivian Goodell, Farhad Shadan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Opiate detoxification under anesthesia
Authors: C. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The Medical News & Perspectives article by Dr Stephenson1did not mention some important concerns regarding the Center for the Investigation and Treatment of Addiction (CITA) organization. First, Loimer et al2were the first to publish the basic technique of using an opiate antagonist plus general anesthesia for treatment of opiate withdrawal in 1988. One of us (C.B.) described some minor modifications (clonidine premedication, propofol anesthesia, and naltrexone administered via nasogastric tube) in 1989.3These are some of the trade secrets claimed by CITA.  Second, Stephenson rightly questions CITA's unpublished (and unvalidated) success rates. Studies with urine-validated abstinence rates of more than 70% at 4 and 12 months have been published,4,5but reflect patient selection and post-withdrawal treatment factors, including a supervised naltrexone regimen, rather than the detoxification method.4Detoxification certainly is not synonymous with rehabilitation, but many patients are already rehabilitated
THE WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
Authors: James Warren Sever
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was much interested in the editorial "The White Blood Cell Count" inThe Journal, October 14. It interested me very much because, as many as thirty-two years ago, when I was a house officer at the Boston Children's Hospital, I made white counts (which were then coming into vogue) on every child who came into the hospital. I did this over a period of a few months. These children had pneumonia, appendicitis, congenital dislocation of the hips, bow legs, harelips, cleft palates, and various other acute and developmental defects. Apart from the acute conditions, the white count varied from 6,000 and 7,000 to 30,000, and at that time, the increased leukocytosis was interpreted as due to absorption from digestion, because many of the counts were taken within an hour or two after a meal, so, it was felt at that time, and still is, that there
Relationships between serum soluble leptin receptor level and serum leptin and adiponectin levels, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in the Japanese population
Authors: Takeo Ogawa, Hiroshi Hirose, Yukihiro Yamamoto, Kanako Nishikai, Kiichi Miyashita, Haruo Nakamura, Ikuo Saito, Takao Saruta
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Transgenic Mice for Real-Time Visualization of cGMP in Intact Adult Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Konrad R. Götz, Julia U. Sprenger, Ruwan K. Perera, Julia H. Steinbrecher, Stephan E. Lehnart, Michaela Kuhn, Julia Gorelik, Jean-Luc Balligand, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: 3′,5′-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is an important second messenger that regulates cardiac contractility and protects the heart from hypertrophy. However, because of the lack of real-time imaging techniques, specific subcellular mechanisms and spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in adult cardiomyocytes are not well understood. Objective: Our aim was to generate and characterize a novel cGMP sensor model to measure cGMP with nanomolar sensitivity in adult cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results: We generated transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the highly sensitive cytosolic Förster resonance energy transfer–based cGMP biosensor red cGES-DE5 and performed the first Förster resonance energy transfer measurements of cGMP in intact adult mouse ventricular myocytes. We found very low (≈10 nmol/L) basal cytosolic cGMP levels, which can be markedly increased by natriuretic peptides (C-type natriuretic peptide &gt;&gt; atrial natriuretic peptide) and, to a much smaller extent, by the direct stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Constitutive activity of this cyclase contributes to basal cGMP production, which is balanced by the activity of clinically established phosphodiesterase (PDE) families. The PDE3 inhibitor, cilostamide, showed especially strong cGMP responses. In a mild model of cardiac hypertrophy after transverse aortic constriction, PDE3 effects were not affected, whereas the contribution of PDE5 was increased. In addition, after natriuretic peptide stimulation, PDE3 was also involved in cGMP/cAMP crosstalk. Conclusions: The new sensor model allows visualization of real-time cGMP dynamics and pharmacology in intact adult cardiomyocytes. Förster resonance energy transfer imaging suggests the importance of well-established and potentially novel PDE-dependent mechanisms that regulate cGMP under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Abstract 11879: Lipotoxicity Involves Inflammatory Processes Mediated by TLR4 Signaling in vivo
Authors: Kosei Eguchi, Ichiro Manabe, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Chronic inflammation has been shown to be crucially involved in metabolic as well as cardiovascular diseases. Serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels are increased in obese subjects and associated with ...
Lymphocyte reactivity in pregnant women and newborn infants.
Authors: V Y Yu, C A Waller, I C Maclennan, J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The mitotic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was determined in lymphocytes of mothers and their newborn infants obtained at delivery and seven days later by measuring the rate of 125 I-idoxuridine uptake into DNA in lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma and after washing and resuspension in fetal bovine serum. There was no difference in the unstimulated counts of maternal lymphocytes taken at delivery, whether unwashed or washed, compared with those from nonpregnant controls. With PHA stimulation the mitotic response of the maternal lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma was reduced compared with that of the control lymphocytes but washed maternal cells showed a similar response to the controls. These findings suggest that the reduced lymphocyte mitotic response to PHA in pregnancy is due to a plasma inhibitory factor This inhibition was not evident in maternal blood taken seven days after delivery. DNA synthesis in unstimulated cultures from newborn infants at birth and seven days after birth was greater than that in adult control cultures. With PHA stimulation the mitotic response of cord-blood lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma paralleled that of control lymphocytes but washed newborn cells showed a greater response. Thus plasma suppression similar to that observed in the mother seems also to affect infants at birth. This inhibition was not demonstrable in blood taken from infants of 7 days.
Points: Temples, tubes, and plastic bags
Authors: J G Fairer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 444) the treatment with adrenaline referred to in the 17th edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases for cerebral malaria dates from the days when quinine was the only drug used in the treat- ment of severe falciparum malaria before the days of 4'amino-quinolines.Its value was based on hearsay and practice in conditions away from laboratory facilities.After the war quinine was no longer used, but with the appearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria rapidly assumed its former value.The more modern assessments of the results of traditional treatments and the general use of quinine by intravenous infusion, which has removed the danger of hypotensive collapse, have led to a reassessment of the practice.
Combined Targeting of the Estrogen Receptor and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Shows Enhanced Antiproliferative Effects
Authors: Laura P. Stabile, Jennifer S. Lyker, Christopher T. Gubish, Weiping Zhang, Jennifer R. Grandis, Jill M. Siegfried
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Identifying new effective therapeutic treatments for lung cancer is critical to improving overall patient survival. We have targeted both the estrogen receptor (ER) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways using an ER antagonist, fulvestrant (“Faslodex”), and the selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (“Iressa”), in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Rapid activation of phospho-EGFR and phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase by estrogen was observed, indicating nonnuclear ER transactivation of EGFR. Additionally, EGFR protein expression was down-regulated in response to estrogen and up-regulated in response to fulvestrant in vitro, suggesting that the EGFR pathway is activated when estrogen is depleted in NSCLC cells. Cell growth and apoptosis were examined in several NSCLC lines that express varying amounts of ERβ, EGFR, and Neu but no full-length ERα. One cell line contained an EGFR mutation. Cells were exposed to 10 nmol/L estrogen and 10 ng/mL EGF and either 1 μmol/L fulvestrant or 1 μmol/L gefitinib alone or in combination. In all cell lines, the drug combination decreased cell proliferation up to 90% and increased apoptosis 2-fold. The relative responses to gefitinib and fulvestrant were similar regardless of ER and EGFR expression and mutation status. In an in vivo lung tumor xenograft model, the drug combination decreased tumor volume in severe combined immunodeficient mice by ∼60% compared with 49% and 32% for gefitinib and fulvestrant treatment alone, respectively. Antitumor effects of the combination therapy were accompanied by biochemical and histologic evidence of increased apoptosis, decreased phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression, and increased Ki-67 expression compared with individual treatment. These studies provide evidence of a functional interaction between the ER and the EGFR pathways in NSCLC.
ChIA-PET tool for comprehensive chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing
Authors: Guoliang Li, Melissa J Fullwood, Han Xu, Fabianus Hendriyan Mulawadi, Stoyan Velkov, Vinsensius Vega, Pramila Nuwantha Ariyaratne, Yusoff Bin Mohamed, Hong-Sain Ooi, Chandana Tennakoon, Chia-Lin Wei, Yijun Ruan, Wing-Kin Sung
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Abstract Chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) is a new technology to study genome-wide long-range chromatin interactions bound by protein factors. Here we present ChIA-PET Tool, a software package for automatic processing of ChIA-PET sequence data, including linker filtering, mapping tags to reference genomes, identifying protein binding sites and chromatin interactions, and displaying the results on a graphical genome browser. ChIA-PET Tool is fast, accurate, comprehensive, user-friendly, and open source (available at http://chiapet.gis.a-star.edu.sg ).
Lymphocyte-Depletion Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Richard S. Neiman, Peter J. Rosen, Robert J. Lukes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Study of 13 cases of lymphocyte-depletion Hodgkin's disease disclosed a distinctive clinicopathological entity of rapidly fatal disease with fever, pancytopenia, lymphocytopenia and abnormalities of hepatic function, frequently without peripheral lymphadenopathy. In 10 patients the histologic type was that of diffuse fibrosis, and the diagnosis was frequently made by bone-marrow aspiration or laparotomy or at autopsy. The remaining three patients had the reticular type, with more obvious peripheral lymphadenopathy. The distribution of the process was predominantly subdiaphragmatic, with extensive involvement of liver, spleen, retroperitoneal lymph nodes and all bone-marrow sites, associated with marked marrow hypoplasia. Multiple bone-marrow examinations and liver biopsy in patients without peripheral lymphadenopathy may provide diagnostic material. The striking clinical presentation, distinctive organ distribution and marked cellular depletion of this entity differ from other types of Hodgkin's ...
Diagnostic Value of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Changes During Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Enyinna L. Nwachuku, Jeffrey R. Balzer, Jonathan G. Yabes, Miguel E. Habeych, Donald J. Crammond, Parthasarathy D. Thirumala
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Perioperative stroke is a persistent complication of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (CS). <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether changes in somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) during CEA are diagnostic of perioperative stroke in patients with symptomatic CS. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We searched PubMed and the World Science Database for reference lists of retrieved studies and/or experiments on SSEP use in postoperative outcomes following CEA in patients with symptomatic CS from January 1, 1950, through January 1, 2013. We independently screened all titles and abstracts to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria and extracted relevant articles in a uniform manner. Inclusion criteria included randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, or retrospective cohort reviews; population of symptomatic CS; use of intraoperative SSEP monitoring during CEA; immediate postoperative assessment and/or as long as a 3-month follow-up; a total sample size of 50 or more patients; studies with adult humans 18 years or older; and studies published in English. <h3>Main Outcome and Measure</h3> Whether intraoperative SSEP changes were diagnostic of perioperative stroke indicated by postoperative neurological examination. <h3>Results</h3> Four-hundred sixty-four articles were retrieved, and 15 prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included in the data analysis. A 4557-patient cohort composed the total sample population for all the studies, 3899 of whom had symptomatic CS. A change in SSEP exhibited a strong pooled mean specificity of 91% (95% CI, 86-94) but a weaker pooled mean sensitivity of 58% (95% CI, 49-68). A pooled diagnostic odds ratio for individual studies of patients with neurological deficit with changes in SSEPs was 14.39 (95% CI, 8.34-24.82), indicating that the odds of observing an SSEP change among those with neurologic deficits were 14 times higher than in individuals without neurologic deficit. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Intraoperative SSEP is a highly specific test in predicting neurological outcome following CEA. Patients with perioperative neurological deficits are 14 times more likely to have had changes in SSEPs during the procedure. The use of SSEPs to design prevention strategies is valuable in reducing perioperative cerebral infarctions during CEA.
Abstract 1905: Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in tumor can augment anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing mouse through suppression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)
Authors: Koji Teramoto, You Kawaguchi, Tetsuo Hori, Shoji Kitamura, Jun Hanaoka, Noriaki Tezuka, Keiichi Kontani
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hypoxia is one of distinctive features of the tumor microenvironment. In the tumor tissues under hypoxia, a transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a critical role in regulating expressions of various genes associated with tumor growth. In order to understand the immunobiology of hypoxic tumor microenvironment, it is of great interest to elucidate the anti-tumor immune responses regulated by HIF-1. From these points of view, we focused on a relationship between HIF-1 and an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the tumor. TGF-β which is derived from either tumor cells or tumor stromal cells has been reported to suppress anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing hosts. In this report, we hypothesized that inhibition of HIF-1 would eliminate expression of TGF-β in tumor tissue and decreased level of TGF-β would contribute to augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses. We examined the possibilities in tumor-bearing mice models. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subqutaneously with syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma cell LLC. Five days after tumor inoculation, mice were administrated HIF-1 siRNA into the established tumor twice at 2-day interval. Three to 7 days after the last administration of HIF-1 siRNA, anti-tumor immune responses elicited in the mice were examined. As results, HIF-1 siRNA into the established tumor contributed to low expression of TGF-β mRNA as well as low level of TGF-β protein. In the tumor-draining lymph nodes, tumor antigen-specific CD8+ cells producing IFN-γ were increased and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (Treg) cells were decreased by administration of HIF-1 siRNA. Enhancement anti-tumor immune responses were associated with antigen-specific cytotoxic activity in spleen. Subsequently, tumor growth was effectively suppressed in mice administrated HIF-1 siRNA. Inhibition of HIF-1 in the tumor can eliminate expression of TGF-β there, and anti-tumor immune responses are augmented through eliminated TGF-β-mediated immunosuppression. These results demonstrate that hypoxia in the tumor tissue is associated with TGF-β-mediated immunosuppression and HIF-1 inhibitors can improve anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing hosts. Our mouse models provide a new rationale with the molecular-targeting therapy for HIF-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1905.