tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement*
Authors: Virginia A. Moyer, Michael L. LeFevre, Albert L. Siu, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Susan J. Curry, Mark Ebell, Glenn Flores, Francisco A.R. García, Adelita Gonzales Cantu, David C. Grossman, Jessica Herzstein, Wanda Kay Nicholson, Douglas K. Owens, William R. Phillips, Michael P Pignone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Description: Update of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on primary care interventions to prevent tobacco use in children and adolescents. Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of primary care interventions on the rates of initiation or cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents and on health outcomes, such as respiratory health, dental and oral health, and adult smoking. The USPSTF also reviewed the evidence on the potential harms of these interventions. Population: This recommendation applies to school-aged children and adolescents. The USPSTF has issued a separate recommendation statement on tobacco use counseling in adults and pregnant women. Recommendation: The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents.
Dual-targeting of αvβ3 and galectin-1 improves the specificity of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes to tumor endothelium in vivo
Authors: Ewelina Kluza, Igor Jacobs, Stefanie J.C.G. Hectors, Kevin H. Mayo, Arjan W. Griffioen, Gustav J. Strijkers, Klaas Nicolay
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
MAMMALIAN RED CELLS AS A SOURCE OF "SMALL PARTICLES"
Authors: Björn Sigurdsson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. Small particles essentially similar to those previously isolated from other tissues have been isolated from mammalian red blood cells (horse blood). 2. About one-third of the dry weight of the particles is lipids. 3. The particles produce hemolysins against the homologous erythrocytes when inoculated into a foreign species. 4. The fact that the particles can be isolated from mammalian red cells which do not contain visible granules is taken to indicate that some at least of the particles isolated from whole organs represent disintegrated "stroma."
ABC of heart failure: Clinical features and complications
Authors: R D S Watson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Patients with heart failure present with a variety of symptoms, most of which are non-specific. The common symptoms of congestive heart failure include fatigue, dyspnoea, swollen ankles, and exercise intolerance, or symptoms that relate to the underlying cause. The accuracy of diagnosis by presenting clinical features alone, however, is often inadequate, particularly in women and elderly or obese patients.

#### Symptoms and signs in heart failure

##### Symptoms

Dyspnoea

Orthopnoea

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Reduced exercise tolerance, lethargy, fatigue

Nocturnal cough

Wheeze

Ankle swelling

Anorexia

##### Signs

Cachexia and muscle wasting

Tachycardia

Pulsus alternans

Elevated jugular venous pressure

Displaced apex beat

Right ventricular heave

Crepitations or wheeze

Third heart sound

Oedema

Hepatomegaly (tender)

Ascites

### Symptoms

#### Dyspnoea

Exertional breathlessness is a frequent presenting symptom in heart failure, although it is a common symptom in the general population, particularly in patients with pulmonary disease. Dyspnoea is therefore moderately sensitive, but poorly specific, for the presence of heart failure. Orthopnoea is a more specific symptom, although it has a low sensitivity and therefore has little predictive value. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea results from increased left ventricular filling pressures (due to nocturnal fluid redistribution and enhanced renal reabsorption) and therefore has a greater sensitivity and predictive value. Nocturnal ischaemic chest pain may also be a manifestation of heart failure, so left ventricular systolic dysfunction should be excluded in patients with recurrent nocturnal angina.

#### Common causes of lower limb oedema

#### Fatigue and lethargy

Fatigue and lethargy in chronic heart failure are, in part, related to abnormalities in skeletal muscle, with premature muscle lactate release, impaired muscle blood flow, deficient endothelial function, and abnormalities in skeletal muscle structure and function. Reduced cerebral blood flow, when accompanied by abnormal sleep patterns, may occasionally lead to somnolence and confusion in severe chronic heart failure.

#### Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of symptoms, signs, and chest × ray findings for presence of heart failure (ejection fraction <40%) in 1306 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac catheterisation

View this table:

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of symptoms, signs, and chest …
A Surgeon With AIDS-Reply
Authors: William Schaffner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Harder raises a number of interesting issues. Shortly after the surgeon's diagnosis was disclosed publicly, we and other authorities sought to reassure concerned patients, based on the established observation that no case of HIV transmission from health care workers to patients had ever before been documented. When the decision was made to offer HIV antibody testing to all patients of the surgeon, we were prepared to investigate all positive results and objectively report our findings. If we had found evidence of transmission, we would have reported it. We agree that it would have been ideal to be able to compare the surgeon's patient list with a list of names of persons in Tennessee who were HIV antibody positive. This was not possible because the state's reporting law is limited to AIDS and does not require the reporting of persons who test positive for HIV antibody. Dr Harder
Combined Septal Rupture Repair and Infarctectomy in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Rupture of the ventricular septum developed three days after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction in a 57-year-old man. Nineteen days after infarction, a retrograde angiocardiogram of the left ventricle confirmed a left-to-right shunt in the septum. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the ruptured ventricular septum was repaired and an 8 × 4.5-cm aneurysmal infarction was excised. The postoperative course was uneventful, despite a small residual left-to-right shunt (1.7/1). Nine months after operation the patient was active and asymptomatic without heart-failure.
What's your carbon reduction strategy?
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Back in 2006 I wrote an Editor’s Choice called “What did you do about climate change Mum?” ( BMJ 2006;332:10 June, doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7554.0-f). It suggested that doctors might start measuring their carbon footprint. The most interesting thing about this short piece was the response it received on bmj.com (www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/332/7554/0-f). What was this stuff doing in a medical journal? What was I doing uncritically accepting the propaganda of the global warming lobby?

Things have changed since then. WHO’s director general Margaret Chan has called climate change the biggest public health challenge of the 21st century. And last week the UN and Red Cross warned that a …
Wilms' Tumor Metastatic to the Orbit
Authors: Jonathan D. Fratkin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In a 2 1/2-year-old boy, a proptotic right lower lid developed one year after a primary abdominal mass proved to be Wilms' tumor. An orbital abscess or fungal infection was considered because the child was receiving chemotherapy. However, echography demonstrated a firm orbital mass, delineated its dimensions, and showed destruction of the orbital floor. The biopsy specimen showed metastatic tumor cells. Lile neuroblastoma and certain hematologic and reticuloendothelial malignant neoplasms, Wilms' tumor may secondarily invade the ocular adnexa.
Statistical methods for assessing observer variability in clinical measures.
Authors: P. Brennan, A. Silman
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Background</h3> Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the commonest cause of death and disability in UK Citizens aged 1–40. In England three (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence - NICE) guidelines have been implemented to improve TBI outcomes. All guidelines recommended increased CT imaging. The second guideline recommended the management of patients with severe TBI in specialist neuroscience centres. This study uses national data and interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of the NICE guidelines. Individual level Office of National Statistics (ONS) cause of death data linked to Hospital Episode Statistics for inpatient admissions in England between 1998–2017 were used to estimate the monthly population mortality and admission rate for TBI. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted with intervention points when each guideline was introduced. The analysis was stratified by guideline recommendation specific age groups (0–15, 16–64 and 65+). The monthly TBI mortality and admission rate in the 65+ age group increased from 0.5 to 1.5 and 10 to 30 per 100, 000 population respectively. The increasing mortality rate was unaffected by the introduction any of the guidelines. The introduction of the 2nd NICE Head Injury guideline was associated with a significant reduction in the monthly TBI mortality rate in 16–64 age group (−0.005; 95% CI: −0.002 to −0.007). In the 0–15 age group the TBI mortality rate fell from around 0.05 to 0.01 per 100 000 population, the trend was unaffected by the guidelines. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of NICE head injury guidelines was associated with reduced population based mortality rates after specialist care was recommended for severe TBI. The improvement was solely observed in 16–64 year olds. The cause of the observed increased admission and mortality rate in those 65+ and potential treatments for TBI in this age group requires further investigation.
United Nations estimates of HIV prevalence in Zambia under attack
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This article presents HIV prevalence in Zambia as estimated by the UN. 1 in 5 adults in Zambia is infected with HIV and 300,000 children have became orphans through AIDS. The capital is planning to host the 11th International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, bringing together 5000 specialists to discuss AIDS and its social consequences. Three sites have been designated to treat HIV-infected pregnant women with zidovudine. As part of the UNAIDS initiative, antiretroviral (drugs) have been given to a number of HIV-infected women just before labor. This antiretroviral drug therapy is a cost-efficient intervention in to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV in the country.
Stronger measures needed to avoid flu pandemic in Europe, commission warns
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governments in Europe must step up their defences to avoid a potential influenza pandemic, the European Commission has warned.

Every year some 5000 to 6000 people in Europe die from seasonal outbreaks of flu. But in a pandemic?the last of which occurred in 1968?that number would rise to hundreds of thousands, says the commission.

In the 20th century these global outbreaks caused widespread illness, and a high number of deaths occurred on average once every 25 years. Recently concerns were raised by the outbreak of avian flu in …
B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors affect CD20 levels and impair antitumor activity of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: K Bojarczuk, M Siernicka, M Dwojak, M Bobrowicz, B Pyrzynska, P Gaj, M Karp, K Giannopoulos, D G Efremov, C Fauriat, J Golab, M Winiarska
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat Cells from Obese Patients
Authors: GEORGE A. BRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The size of subcutaneous fat cells was measured with a microscope after separating the cells by digestion in collagenase. Obese patients had large cells averaging 0.78 nl in volume, whereas the average volume of fat cells from the control subjects was only 0.26 nl. In this latter group fat cell volume was positively correlated with body weight. Many obese subjects had an increased number of fat cells. With weight loss the size of individual fat cells decreased, but the total number of fat cells did not.
916 CORRELATION BETWEEN EXPRESSION OF HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA (HIF-1-ALPHA) AND REGULATION OF HEPATIC ENERGY METABOLISM: ROLE OF TEMPERATURE
Authors: A. Ferrigno, A. Bianchi, P. Richelmi, E. Gringeri, D. Neri, G. Ramadori, U. Cilio, M. Vairetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Magenkarzinoid und gastroskopisches Bild
Authors: A. Hauptmann
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

Die präoperative Diagnose eines Magenkarzinoids ist selten trotz der durch Gastroskopie verbesserten Diagnostik. Nach Diskussion der pathologischen Anatomie und der endokrinen Charakteristika sowie des klinischen Syndroms werden zwei Beobachtungen mitgeteilt, die die diagnostischen Probleme aufzeigen. Bei endokrin stummen Tumoren führt die Operation und Tumorresektion mit histologischer Untersuchung zur Diagnose Karzinoid. Nach Meinung des Autors ist eine operative Revision bei polypösen Magentumoren auch dann erforderlich, wenn die gastroskopische Biopsie einen benignen Befund ergibt.
Will Epidemiology Answer the Estrogen Question?
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

AT THE SAME TIME investigators in Las Vegas suggested that estrogen replacement therapy can protect menopausal women from cardiovascular disease, reports in the lay press about a large prospective study addressing this concept (<i>N Engl J Med</i>1987;316:1105-1110) suggested just the opposite. The apparent contradiction points up the difficulty in interpreting ongoing epidemiologic studies and placing them in the context of clinical practice, according to the study's investigators and others familiar with it. The study, conducted by investigators at Harvard Medical School in Boston, indicated that women who had undergone natural menopause but never received replacement estrogens experienced no appreciable increased risk of cardiovascular disease, compared with premenopausal women. The opposite was true in women who had undergone a bilateral oophorectomy; their risk for cardiovascular disease doubled if they did not receive estrogen therapy. The explanation for these contradictory conclusions has to do with time and age, said those interviewed
Is Baldness Bad for the Heart?
Authors: Peter W. F. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The article by Lesko et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue presents data suggesting that male pattern baldness in men under 55 years of age is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Baldness is a common trait, affecting approximately one third of middle-aged men; thus, this report merits comment and discussion. There are a number of issues to consider: (1) What epidemiologic evidence is required to consider baldness as an MI or a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor? (2) What is the historical perspective for other physical findings that were initially suggested as CHD risk factors? (3) Do biologically plausible mechanisms underlie the baldness-CHD link? (4) What advice should be given to patients? <h3>Epidemiologic Evidence for Baldness as a CHD Risk Factor</h3> Cardiovascular population researchers are constantly looking for new factors that might be associated with disease. Initial associations are typically reported in a small clinical See
Acute Vasoconstrictor Response to Intravenous Furosemide in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gary S Francis, R. M. Siegel, Steven Goldsmith, M. T. Olivari, T. B. Levine, Jay N Cohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to acute diuretic therapy were measured in 15 patients with severe chronic heart failure given intravenous furosemide, 1.3 +/- 0.6 (SD) mg/kg body weight. Left ventricular pump function deteriorated by 20 minutes, as indicated by a fall in stroke volume index (27 +/- 8 to 24 +/- 7 mL/min X m2 body surface area, p less than 0.01) and an increase in left ventricular filling pressure (28 +/- 7 to 33 +/- 9 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Increases occurred in heart rate (87 +/- 13 to 91 +/- 16 beats/min, p less than 0.01), mean arterial pressure (90 +/- 15 to 96 +/- 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), systemic vascular resistance (1454 +/- 394 to 1676 +/- 415 dynes X s X cm-5, p less than 0.01), plasma renin activity (9.9 +/- 8.5 to 17.8 +/- 16 ng/mL X h, p less than 0.05), plasma norepinephrine level (667 +/- 390 to 839 +/- 368 pg/mL, p less than 0.01), and plasma arginine vasopressin level (6.2 +/- 1.3 to 8.3 +/- 2.0 pg/mL, p less than 0.01). During the next 3.5 hours the patients had diuresis (2085 +/- 1035 mL) and the expected fall in filling pressure (28 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Neurohumoral indicators also returned toward the control levels. Intravenous furosemide, in patients with severe chronic heart failure, is associated with acute pump dysfunction temporally related to activation of the neurohumoral axis.
Monitoring patients in complete cytogenetic remission after treatment of CML in chronic phase with imatinib: patterns of residual leukaemia and prognostic factors for cytogenetic relapse
Authors: D Marin, J Kaeda, R Szydlo, S Saunders, A Fleming, J Howard, C Andreasson, M Bua, E Olavarria, A Rahemtulla, F Dazzi, E Kanfer, J M Goldman, J F Apperley
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
IMPACT OF COMBINED THERAPY OF CLOPIDOGREL AND ATORVASTATIN WITH PERINDOPRIL AND VALSARTAN ON INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA.
Authors: Anahit Gabrielyan, Rudolf Semyon RS Gabrielyan, Ashot Vardan Davtyan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 4405: Immune modulation and Treg suppression with metronomic cyclophosphamide enhances the anti-tumor effect of a therapeutic peptide vaccine in a murine model
Authors: Genevieve Weir, Marianne Stanford, Mohan Karkada, Neil Berinstein, Marc Mansour
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In order to be optimally effective therapeutic cancer vaccines must be combined with immune modulatory approaches, particularly in advanced cancer where several different pathways of cancer induced immune suppression may be active. We have developed a potent cancer vaccine enhancement formulation named DepoVaxTM (DPX) that is particularly well suited for the delivery of peptide antigens. DPX is a novel vaccine platform comprised of liposomes in oil that is formulated with a TLR adjuvant, universal T-helper peptide and specific tumor peptide antigens. We have shown that DPX generates better immune responses than Montanide based emulsion formulations. A major obstacle to any cancer vaccine, however, is tumor induced immune suppression. Regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated immune suppression is an important mechanism of tumor immune evasion in many types of cancer including ovarian cancer. We sought to determine if combining a DPX-based peptide vaccine approach with immune modulation in the form of Treg suppression could enhance the anti-tumor effect of the vaccine. Metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCPA) treatment has been reported to selectively sustain reduced regulatory T cell numbers and activity. Using a murine tumor model (C3) we tested the benefit of combining mCPA and DPX vaccination for controlling well established subcutaneous solid tumors in vivo. We found that neither mCPA or DPX treatments alone were sufficient to eradicate advanced C3 tumors. However, combining mCPA with DPX vaccination provided effective tumor control. We further characterized the immune response by isolating and phenotyping tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and testing their immunogenicity by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. Our results indicate that the DPX vaccine can increase the levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and mCPA treatment reduces the CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. We conclude that immune responses generated by the DPX vaccine were more effective at controlling advanced tumors together with reduced Treg-mediated immune suppression. We have designed and initiated a phase I/II clinical trial to test a DPX vaccine targeting Survivin (DPX-Survivac), in combination with mCPA in ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4405. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4405
The intact immature rodent uterotrophic bioassay: possible effects on assay sensitivity of vomeronasal signals from male rodents and strain differences.
Authors: John Ashby, William Owens, Jenny Odum, Helen Tinwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The vomeronasal organ in rodents is an important social and sexual signaling pathway. We have investigated whether the housing of intact immature females in close proximity to mature males would interfere with the sensitivity of the immature rodent uterotrophic bioassay as the result of vomeronasal signals transmitted by male urinary proteins. The hypothesis was that the proximity of males might induce early puberty, thereby increasing mean uterine weight and reducing the responsiveness of the assay. The hypothesis was tested in both rats and mice by housing mature males above immature females, separated only by a wire screen, for 3 days and determining possible changes in uterine weight. The results were negative. Neither the mean uterine weight nor the group mean standard deviation of the uterine weights were changed in the uterotrophic bioassay. Given that the timing of sexual maturation may vary with the strain of mouse used, we also evaluated the sensitivity of the immature mouse uterotrophic assay to diethylstilbestrol (DES) using four strains of mice. Similar sensitivity was observed for the CD-1, C57Bl6, and Alpk strains, but B6CBF(1) mice were marginally less sensitive to DES than were the other strains. These findings add to earlier data indicating the robustness of the rodent uterotrophic assay protocol.