tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and increased risk of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kohichiroh Yasui, Yoshio Sumida, Yasukiyo Mori, Hironori Mitsuyoshi, Masahito Minami, Yoshito Itoh, Kazuyuki Kanemasa, Hiroaki Matsubara, Takeshi Okanoue, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
People with chronic mental illness will be worse off under new NHS, doctors say
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors fear that practice based commissioning and foundation trust plans could alter mental health services in England so much that people with chronic mental ill health could suffer.

At a conference organised by the NHS Confederation in London last week they urged the government to remember that a balance of services between inpatient and community mental health services was necessary in its plans for reform of mental health services.

Jed Boardman, a consultant psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, said, “Policy has correctly identified the priorities for people with chronic mental illness. I wouldn't like to see [a situation] whereby we fight amongst ourselves about whether we should give the money to people with common mental disorders or people with long …
Relationship between calcium loading and impaired energy metabolism during Na+, K+ pump inhibition and metabolic inhibition in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
Authors: A C Morris, H K Hagler, J T Willerson, L M Buja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

This study tested the hypothesis that the initiating mechanism is a major determinant of the response to calcium (Ca) accumulation in myocardium. Cultured neonatal rat ventriculocytes were exposed to Na+, K+ pump inhibition with 1 mM ouabain and metabolic inhibition with 20 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 1 mM cyanide (DOG-CN) for up to 2 h. Microspectrofluorometry of myocytes loaded with fura-2 showed that ouabain resulted in a relatively rapid increase in [Ca2+]i up to 2-3 microM (two to threefold above peak systolic level) and that DOG-CN produced an initial decrease and then a relatively slow increase in [Ca2+]i up to peak systolic level. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) showed prominent increases in Na and Ca and decreases in K and Mg in cytoplasm and mitochondria with both interventions, although the increases in Ca were greater with ouabain than DOG-CN. ATP was reduced by 58% after 1 and 2 h of ouabain and by 70 and 90% after 1 and 2 h of DOG-CN, respectively. Thus, ouabain produced greater calcium accumulation and less ATP reduction than DOG-CN. Upon return to normal medium for 30 min, myocytes showed recovery of most electrolyte alterations and resumption of normal Ca2+ transients after 1 h exposure to either ouabain or DOG-CN; however, recovery was less after 2 h of either treatment, with elevated [Ca2+]i maintained in many myocytes. We conclude that the severity of myocyte injury is influenced by the magnitude and duration of both ATP reduction and calcium accumulation.
Intra- and extracellular potassium activities, acetylcholine and resting potential in guinea pig atria.
Authors: C M Baumgarten, D H Singer, H A Fozzard
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Intracellular potassium activity in guinea pig left atria was measured using potassium ion-selective microelectrodes and conventional microelectrodes. The effects of extracellular potassium concentration and acetylcholine on both intracellular potassium activity and the relationship between the resting membrane potential and the potassium equilibrium potential were investigated. Intracellular potassium activity was 102.1 mM in bathing media with a potassium concentration of 5 mM. Neither increasing extracellular potassium concentration to 10 mM nor exposure to acetylcholine (2 x 10(-6) to 10(-3) M) significantly altered intracellular potassium activity. In contrast, intracellular potassium activity decreased to 92.9 mM in 2.5 mM potassium concentration solutions. Resting membrane potential was 18.6, 9.6, and 7.3 mV positive to the potassium equilibrium potential in 2.5, 5, and 10 mM potassium, respectively. Acetylcholine caused a significant hyperpolarization at each extracellular potassium activity, confirming that resting membrane potential was positive to the potassium equilibrium potential. Even after exposure to 10(-3) M acetylcholine, the resting membrane potential apparently remained positive to the potassium equilibrium potential. If potassium accumulates in extracellular clefts during acetylcholine exposure, the calculated potassium equilibrium potentials are too negative, and the resting membrane potential might closely approximate the potassium equilibrium potential under these conditions. Fading of the acetylcholine-induced hyperpolarization and overshoot of the resting membrane potential on washout of acetylcholine were observed and are consistent with an accumulation of potassium during exposure to acetylcholine. In 5.0 mM potassium bathing solution, preparation-to-preparation variability of resting membrane potential can largely be explained by variability of intracellular potassium activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Leukemia in Children Exposed to Multiple Risk Factors
Authors: Robert W. Gibson, Irwin D. J. Bross, Saxon Graham, Abraham M. Lilienfeld, Leonard M. Schuman, Morton L. Levin, John E. Dowd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The association between four factors —mother's irradiation before conception, in utero irradiation of the child, previous history of reproductive wastage, and early childhood virus diseases — was studied in children one to four years old. A simple rise in the number of factors did not consistently increase the risk for leukemia. Children with irradiation but without either of the pathologic conditions did not show a greater risk for leukemia, nor did those with the pathologic conditions but without irradiation. However, children exposed to two radiological factors who also had a history of one pathologic event had a significantly increased risk (2.69), as did those with a history of two pathologic factors who had also been exposed to one of the irradiation factors (3.36). The highest risk was 4.64 for children exposed to all four factors. Therefore, only when there was a concordance of the two types of events, irradiation and pathologic, was the risk for leukemia significantly greater.
LV WALL THICKNESS DOES NOT PREDICT SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH RISK IN ADULTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A CONTEMPORARY CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY
Authors: Tevfik Fehmi Ismail, Andrew Jabbour, Ankur Gulati, Amy Mallorie, Bibek Das, Thomas Cowling, Sadaf Raza, Jahanzaib Khwaja, Michael Roughton, Ricardo Wage, Amanda Varnava, Carl Shakespeare, Dudley Pennell, Sanjay Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System.
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Ethical priorities
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

"I agree with what you say, but will defend to the death my right not to let you say it." Such in substance—if not in exact utterance—is the enjoinder of the Council of Biology Editors<sup>1</sup>to the editors of biological and medical journals who are faced with the dilemma of publishing or rejecting manuscripts based on "unethically" conducted investigations. Publication would be tantamount to condoning unethical practices. Rejection, on the other hand, could only serve as a needed deterrent to repeated offences. In a recent editorial,<sup>2</sup>R. J. Levine, editor of<i>Clinical Research</i>, questions the wisdom of the Council's directive. Blanket rejection of an unethically conducted, yet scientifically valid study, may deprive us of valuable information, which otherwise could be obtained with difficulty, if at all; nor does rejection of the paper ensure against its future publication in another more "permissive" journal. A more sensible approach, Levine suggests,
Lipid Research Clinics Program
Authors: David D. Norenberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent publication of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) results<sup>1</sup>inThe Journalwas met with considerable enthusiasm by the news media and the general public. Some misconceptions among these groups warrant a few basic clarifications for our patients. First, the LRC-CPPT cannot be used to support the still unproved notion that diet modification, by itself, has any statistically significant effect in prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). The authors of the report themselves concede that, although other randomized trials of diet or drug therapy have shown trends toward lower incidence of CHD, "no single one of these studies is convincing." They further state that their own study "was not designed to assess directly whether cholesterol lowering by diet prevents CHD." The LRC-CPPT was a test of cholestyramine resin<i>v</i>placebo; both study groups followed the same diet. Second, the results of
Women and girls are still victims of violence in Darfur
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Women and girls in Darfur are still suffering rape and other forms of sexual violence in Darfur, a new United Nations report shows. The report confirms much of the content of an earlier report by the organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres which resulted in denials from the Sudanese government and the temporary detention of its authors in May ( BMJ 2005;330:1350,11 June).

The “situational analysis,” jointly conducted by the Unicef and the UN Population Fund, details people's perceptions of the situation and indicates that widespread incidents of sexual and physical violence are still occurring.

Health problems mentioned by women were rape; malnutrition; miscarriages; irregular menstrual cycles; sexually transmitted diseases; physical injuries due …
A Novel E2F/Sphingosine Kinase 1 Axis Regulates Anthracycline Response in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam, Lilia Merida de Long, Orla M. Gannon, Eleni Topkas, Samuel Boros, Ana Cristina Vargas, Marcin Dzienis, Pamela Mukhopadhyay, Fiona Simpson, Liliana Endo-Munoz, Nicholas A. Saunders
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently drug resistant and have a mortality rate of 45%. We have previously shown that E2F7 may contribute to drug resistance in SCC cells. However, the mechanism and pathways involved remain unknown.We used transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate pathways that may contribute to E2F7-dependent resistance to anthracyclines. We then manipulated the activity/expression of the candidate pathway using overexpression, knockdown, and pharmacological inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models of SCC to demonstrate causality. In addition, we examined the expression of E2F7 and a downstream effector in a tissue microarray (TMA) generated from HNSCC patient samples.E2F7-deficient keratinocytes were selectively sensitive to doxorubicin and this was reversed by overexpressing E2F7. Transcriptomic profiling identified Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) as a potential mediator of E2F7-dependent drug resistance. Knockdown and overexpression studies revealed that Sphk1 was a downstream target of E2F7. TMA studies showed that E2F7 overexpression correlated with Sphk1 overexpression in human HNSCC. Moreover, inhibition of Sphk1 by shRNA or the Sphk1-specific inhibitor, SK1-I (BML-EI411), enhanced the sensitivity of SCC cells to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, E2F7-induced doxorubicin resistance was mediated via Sphk1-dependent activation of AKT in vitro and in vivo.We identify a novel drugable pathway in which E2F7 directly increases the transcription and activity of the Sphk1/S1P axis resulting in activation of AKT and subsequent drug resistance. Collectively, this novel combinatorial therapy can potentially be trialed in humans using existing agents.
Jaundice after open heart surgery: a prospective study.
Authors: W Klepetko, J Miholic
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Collagen XIII occurs as both a transmembrane-bound and a shed extracellular protein and is able to regulate the formation and function of neuromuscular synapses. Its absence results in myasthenia: presynaptic and postsynaptic defects at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), leading to destabilization of the motor nerves, muscle regeneration and atrophy. Mutations in <i>COL13A1</i> have recently been found to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome, characterized by fatigue and chronic muscle weakness, which may be lethal. We show here that muscle defects in collagen XIII-deficient mice stabilize in adulthood, so that the disease is not progressive until very late. Sciatic nerve crush was performed to examine how the lack of collagen XIII or forced expression of its transmembrane form affects the neuromuscular synapse regeneration and functional recovery following injury. We show that collagen XIII-deficient male mice are unable to achieve complete NMJ regeneration and functional recovery. This is mainly attributable to presynaptic defects that already existed in the absence of collagen XIII before injury. Shedding of the ectodomain is not required, as the transmembrane form of collagen XIII alone fully rescues the phenotype. Thus, collagen XIII could serve as a therapeutic agent in cases of injury-induced PNS regeneration and functional recovery. We conclude that intrinsic alterations at the NMJ in <i>Col13a1</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice contribute to impaired and incomplete NMJ regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. However, such alterations do not progress once they have stabilized in early adulthood, emphasizing the role of collagen XIII in NMJ maturation. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Collagen XIII is required for gaining and maintaining the normal size, complexity, and functional capacity of neuromuscular synapses. Loss-of-function mutations in <i>COL13A1</i> cause congenital myasthenic syndrome 19, characterized by postnatally progressive muscle fatigue, which compromises patients9 functional capacity. We show here in collagen XIII-deficient mice that the disease stabilizes in adulthood once the NMJs have matured. This study also describes a relevant contribution of the altered NMJ morphology and function to neuromuscular synapses, and PNS regeneration and functional recovery in collagen XIII-deficient mice after peripheral nerve injury. Correlating the animal model data on collagen XIII-associated congenital myasthenic syndrome, it can be speculated that neuromuscular connections in congenital myasthenic syndrome patients are not able to fully regenerate and restore normal functionality if exposed to peripheral nerve injury.
Chest pain after emotional and physical upset
Authors: P Parulekar, M Z O Khawaja, E T McWilliams
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 61 year old white woman attended her local accident and emergency department with severe central chest pain. After being chased by two large terrier dogs. The pain was not relieved by nitroglycerine spray given in the ambulance. An electrocardiogram showed anterolateral ST segment depression, with an elevated troponin T of 1.25 μg/l. She had no cardiovascular risk factors. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed, and the patient was treated accordingly.

Coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries, but the left ventriculogram showed a large area of apical hypokinesis with moderate impairment of left ventricular systolic function.

The patient was readmitted several weeks later with further chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed no new changes with no rise in the cardiac troponin. An echocardiogram showed that her left ventricular systolic function had almost returned to normal.



### Short answers

### Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognised cause of chest …
Enhanced HBsAb production in pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis type B.
Authors: I L Woolf, N El Sheikh, H Cullens, W M Lee, A L Eddleston, R Williams, A J Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The possible importance of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis was investigated by comparing 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis type B with 20 patients with severe but non-fulminant disease. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was cleared from the serum significantly faster (P less than 0-001) in those with fulminant hepatitis, and in 41% anti-HBsAg (HBsAb) was detectable by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at presentation. In all 11 sera from patients with fulminant hepatitis that were examined by electron microscopy aggregates of HBsAg and HBsAb were seen. In contrast, HBsAb was never detected by RIA in those with non-fulminant hepatitis, and in only one serum specimen (5%) were aggregates seen on electron microscopy. A significant sex difference between fulminant and non-fulminant hepatitis was observed, 65% of patients with fulminant hepatitis but only 15% of patients with non-fulminant hepatitis being women (P less than 0-01). An enhanced production of HBsAb in fulminant hepatitis, by leading to free HBsAb in portal blood, may cause an Arthus reaction in the sinusoids of the liver with ensuing ischaemic necrosis of hepatocytes.
95% of women in England not screened for sickle cell anaemia or thalassaemia by 10 week target
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Most women fail to receive antenatal screening for sickle cell anaemia or thalassaemia within the recommended time of 10 weeks, a study of general practice in England has found ( British Journal of General Practice 2008;58:154-9). This indicates that screening may often occur too late to allow couples a choice regarding termination of affected fetuses.

The study assessed antenatal screening for the two inherited disorders in all pregnancies reported in at least a six month period in 25 general practices of two inner city primary care trusts. They both had about 40% of their populations from minority ethnic groups and ranked among the most deprived …
Less experience and running pace are potential risk factors for medical complications during a 56 km road running race: a prospective study in 26 354 race starters—SAFER study II
Authors: Karen Schwabe, Martin P Schwellnus, Wayne Derman, Sonja Swanevelder, Esme Jordaan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background It is important to identify risk factors associated with medical complications during ultra-marathons so that prevention programmes can be developed. Objective To determine risk factors for medical complications during ultra-marathons. Design Prospective study. Setting Two Oceans ultra-marathon (56 km) races. Participants 26 354 race starters. Methods Medical complications (defined as any runner requiring assessment by a doctor at the race medical facility or a local hospital on race day) were recorded over 4 years. Complications were subdivided according to the system that was affected and by final diagnosis. A Poisson regression model was used to determine risk factors for any medical complication and for more common specific complications. Results Risk factors for medical complications during 56 km road races were less running experience (≤1 medal vs 2–4 medals, p=0.0097), and both fastest (&lt;6 vs 6–7 min/km, p=0.0051) and slowest (&gt;7 vs 6–7 min/km, p&lt;0.0001) running pace category. Year of observation was also associated with risk of complications (2009 vs 2008, p=0.0176; 2009 vs 2010, p=0.0007; 2010 vs 2011, p=0.0112). Risk factors for specific common medical complications were: postural hypotension (slowest pace), serious exercise-associated muscle cramping (older age, fastest pace), gastrointestinal complications (slowest pace) and dermatological complications (fastest pace). Conclusions Less experience and running at either a slow or a fast pace were risk factors for complications during 56 km road running. Annual variation may also affect risk. Risk factors for specific medical complications were also identified. These data form the basis of further studies to assist medical staff to plan appropriate care at races.
The Recognition, Confirmation, and Course of Primary Aldosteronism.
Authors: Edward G. Biglieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Recognition, Confirmation, and Course of Primary Aldosteronism.Edward G. Biglieri, M.D., Paul E. Slaton Jr., M.D.Edward G. Biglieri, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paul E. Slaton Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-811_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHypertension associated with hypokalemia and increased aldosterone secretion is suggestive of primary aldosteronism. However, the combination of observations may occur in renal vascular or accelerated hypertension. Among 20 cases of proved primary aldosteronism, exceptions to each of the major clinical abnormalities have been seen. The chronic and excessive secretion of aldosterone in primary aldosteronism results in hypervolemia and hypernatremia, which are useful in distinguishing the hyperaldosteronism of adrenal from nonadrenal origin. In contrast, nonadrenal forms of hypertension may have reduced serum sodium concentration and blood volume.The severe potassium depletion found in this disease also produces disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 811-811KeywordsAldosteroneAttentionBlood volumeCarbohydrate metabolismHypernatremiaHypertensionPotassiumSodium Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Erythropoietin modulation of podocalyxin and a proposed erythroblast niche
Authors: Pradeep Sathyanarayana, Madhu P. Menon, Olga Bogacheva, Oleg Bogachev, Knut Niss, William S. Kapelle, Estelle Houde, Jing Fang, Don M. Wojchowski
Journal: Blood (2007)