tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Side of origin of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: C. B. Johannes, D. W. Kaufman, L. Rosenberg, J. R. Palmer, P. D. Stolley, J. L. Lewis, A. G. Zauber, M. E. Warshauer, S. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to protect against death from malarial infection by prompt haemolysis of infected erythrocytes.Another feature of homozygous Hb 0 disease is that the three patients were all of small stature and had young, almost childish faces.The inheritance of homozygosity for Hb 0 Arab in this family was also associated with another rare recessive inheritance for conjugated hyperbilirubin- aemia of the Dubin-Johnson type.The total copro- porphyrin concentration in the urine of the three patients and that of their brother was within normal limits.A preponderance of isomer I varying in total between 76% and 85% clearly suggested, however, the Dubin-Johnson syndrome.3In all cases liver function tests gave normal results.One of the largest surveys conducted in Saudi Arabia did not detect Hb 0 Arab.4The finding of Hb 0 Arab in isolated cases in other countries is probably the result of gene transmission from the Sudan in these countries through historical links.
Regulation by Differential Development of Th1 and Th2 Cells in Peripheral Tolerance to Cardiac Allograft Induced by Blocking ICAM-1/LFA-1 Adhesion
Authors: Mitsuaki Isobe, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Satoshi Yamazaki, Yoshikazu Yazaki, Shiro Horie, Yoshio Okubo, Koji Maemura, Yoshio Yazaki, Morie Sekiguchi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Specific immune tolerance to cardiac allografts is induced by anti–ICAM-1 and anti–LFA-1 MAbs. Although the expression of the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ is shown to increase in association with acute rejection, the roles of cytokines in the induction of peripheral tolerance by anti–ICAM-1 and anti–LFA-1 MAbs are not yet known. Methods and Results BALB/c hearts were transplanted into C3H/He mice. The MAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were injected for 3 days after transplantation in some recipients, and others were treated with FK506. IL-2 concentration in the supernatant of splenocytes from MAb-treated mice that were mix-cultured with donor splenocytes was lower than in normal controls. The expression of Th1 cytokines, detected by Northern blot assay, was enhanced in grafts or spleens of nontreated mice, whereas Th2 cytokines were expressed in the spleens of MAb-treated mice. No cytokine expression was enhanced in mice treated with FK506. Also, the induction of tolerance was prevented by the administration of rIL-2 in vivo in 5 of 7 mice, which were rendered tolerant. Conclusions These data provide evidence that impairment of IL-2 production is critically involved in this tolerance induction and suggest that predominance of Th2 over Th1 cells is essential for tolerance induction by antiadhesion therapy.
Intraoperative cell-cycle blockade therapy using E2F decoy for prevention of early atherosclerosis in coronary bypass vein grafts: a volumetric IVUS subanalysis from a prospective randomized double blind clinical trial
Authors: Mitsuvasu Terashima, Eberhard Grube, Takefumi Takahashi, Hideaki Kaneda, Thomas Felderhoff, Stein Iversen, Paul G. Yock, Yasuhiro Honda, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mechanism of alteration of sodium potassium pump of erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: J T Cheng, T Kahn, D M Kaji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We examined intracellular electrolytes, K influx, and [3H]ouabain-binding capacity of erythrocytes from 32 normal subjects and 45 patients with end-stage renal failure on dialysis, including 16 with high intracellular Na (mean 17.3 +/- 3.9 mmol/liter cell water). The [3H]ouabain-binding capacity of erythrocytes with high cell Na was markedly reduced as compared with that of erythrocytes from normal subjects (274 +/- 52 vs. 455 +/- 59 sites/cell, P less than 0.001). The mean serum creatinine was higher in the uremic group with high cell Na. There was a significant linear correlation between intracellular Na and [3H]ouabain-binding in both normal and uremic subjects. Cross-incubation of normal cells with uremic plasma for 24 h failed to reduce [3H]ouabain-binding capacity of normal cells. In spite of a substantial increase in cell Na, K pump influx was not higher in uremic erythrocytes with high cell Na. When intracellular Na was altered with nystatin (cell Na equal to 120 mmol/liter cell water in both groups), K pump influx was proportional to the number of Na-K pump sites so that the ion turnover rate per pump site was similar in the two groups. Uremic plasma failed to depress K pump influx of normal erythrocytes. The passive net influx of Na in uremic cells with high intracellular Na was not different from that observed in erythrocytes from normal subjects. When erythrocytes were separated by age on Percoll density gradients, the number of Na-K pump sites of the youngest uremic cells was significantly lower than that of the youngest normal cells, suggesting that decreased synthesis of Na-K pump sites, rather than accelerated loss of Na-K pump sites during aging, was responsible for the decrease in [3H]ouabain-binding capacity of erythrocytes from uremic subjects. Taken together, these findings suggest that a decrease in the number of Na-K pump sites plays a major role in the abnormality of Na-K pump of erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure.
Angiotensin–Converting Enzyme Inhibition by Enalapril: A Novel Approach to Reduce Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage After Experimental Liver Transplantation
Authors: M Anthuber, S Farkas, M Rihl, M D Menger, F W Schildberg, K W Jauch, K Messmer
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have proven to be effective in the reduction of ischemia/reperfusion damage after myocardial ischemia. Whether this favorable effect can be related to other models of ischemia and reperfusion has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied in a model of syngeneic liver transplantation in the rat the effect of recipient enalapril treatment on postischemic liver injury. Untreated animals served as the control group. Treatment with enalapril was started 5 minutes before reperfusion by intravenous infusion of enalapril at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/h. By means of in vivo microscopy, the sinusoidal perfusion rate and leukocyte adherence in sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules were analyzed during 45 to 60 minutes of reperfusion. Liver function was monitored by measuring bile output over a period of 60 minutes. Analysis of coagulation factors (prothrombin time, factor V, fibrinogen) and liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST]) served for the evaluation of organ dysfunction and damage secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The sinusoidal perfusion rate was significantly improved by enalapril treatment (94.7% [1.0] vs. 75.3% [3.8]; mean [SEM]; P = .005). In addition, leukocyte-sticking in both liver sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules was remarkably reduced in enalapril-treated animals as compared with controls (stickers/lobule: 21.0 [3.3] vs. 59.2 [2.1]; P = .0004; stickers/mm2 venular surface: 20.5 [4.7] vs. 110.3 [18.1]; P = .0004). Moreover, bile output was increased (1.13 [0.35] vs. 0.43 [0.18] g bile/60 min x 100 g liver; P = .06). Values for PT (22.5% [2.1] vs. 9.7% [1.8]; P = .005), factor V 99.4% [9.5] vs. 49.5% [8.5]; P = .007), and fibrinogen (64.1% [7.7] vs. 12.8% [3.2]; P = .001) were significantly improved, paralleled by a remarkable reduction in serum ALT (1,428 U/L [190] vs. 2,315 [248]; P = .02). Our data show for the first time that ACE inhibition in the liver recipient by enalapril attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion damage after experimental liver transplantation. Our results may offer a novel approach to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical liver transplantation.
A LARGE GALLSTONE
Authors: Fred G. Bushold
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —I removed a gallstone from a woman yesterday which I think is the largest individual gallstone in the country. If there is a larger one please let me know. The stone weight and measurements are: weight 2½ ounces (70 Gm.); length, 3 inches (7.5 cm.); diameter, 1⅝ inches (4 cm.); circumference, 4½ inches (11.5 cm.). It was greenish gray and firm and was the only stone in the bladder. The size of the gallbladder was 8½ inches (21.5 cm.); diameter, 2 inches (5 cm.).  Comment.  —Sternberg reported in Aschoff's Pathologic Anatomy, edition 6, a gallstone 14 cm. across and weighing 200 grains, or 13 Gm. Rankin and McKeith reported a gallstone measuring 6.9 by 8.5 cm. Clement found one measuring 2½ by 1¼ inches, or 6.3 by 3.1 cm. Bennett removed one at operation with a circumference of 5½2 inches (14 cm.) and weighing 636 grains (41.3
Diet, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women
Authors: Frank B. Hu, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Graham Colditz, Simin Liu, Caren G. Solomon, Walter C. Willett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Previous studies have examined individual dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to type 2 diabetes, but the combined effects of these factors are largely unknown.
Outcomes of patients with POEMS syndrome treated initially with radiation
Authors: Michael S. Humeniuk, Morie A. Gertz, Martha Q. Lacy, Robert A. Kyle, Thomas E. Witzig, Shaji K. Kumar, Prashant Kapoor, John A. Lust, Suzanne R. Hayman, Francis K. Buadi, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Stephen J. Russell, David Dingli, Yi Lin, Nelson Leung, Angela Dispenzieri
Journal: Blood (2013)
Human Ventricular Action Potential Duration During Short and Long Cycles
Authors: Peter Taggart, Peter M.I. Sutton, Mark R. Boyett, Max Lab, Howard Swanton
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Mechanisms underlying the initiation of ventricular arrhythmias in ischemia by a premature beat or after a pause remain unclear. The kinetics of electrical restitution, which is the modulation of action potential duration (APD) by an abrupt alteration in cycle length, may be important. Methods and Results We recorded one or two simultaneous monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the right ventricular septum during balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (14 patients), which is expected to induce ischemia at the recording site, and during occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) (7 patients), which is not expected to induce ischemia at the recording area. The latter acted as a control. A test pulse sequence was incorporated whereby during steady-state pacing, test beats of altered cycle length were interposed. During LAD occlusion, APD for basic beats shortened from 260±4 to 236±4 ms ( P &lt;.0001), whereas the control group (RCA occlusion) showed no significant change (251±7 to 249±9 ms; P =NS). LAD occlusion resulted in flattening of the slope relating APD of test beats to diastolic interval ( P =.001), whereas in the control group (RCA occlusion) the slope remained unchanged. Similar results were obtained during a second occlusion. Conclusions LAD occlusion in patients during balloon angioplasty shortened MAP duration of basic beats and minimized, abolished, or reversed the normal APD/diastolic-interval relation of test beats of altered cycle length at sites served by the occluded vessel. The results suggest that ischemia flattens the electrical restitution curve in the human endocardium. These findings may have important implications in arrhythmogenesis.
Spontaneous Eradication of Adenocarcinoma Arising in a Colonic Polyp
Authors: Kevin R. Dye
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was a 79-year-old man who experienced rectal bleeding for the first time at age 78 years. A barium enema examination disclosed multiple colonic polyps. There was a history of carcinoma of the colon in the patient's father, sister, and grandfather. One year later, the patient experienced a second episode of rectal bleeding and noticed a small piece of tissue with his feces. The tissue represented two fragments of polypoid mucosa that were 1.5 cm in greatest dimension and that contained areas of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient thereafter underwent colonoscopy, which revealed the presence of at least ten pedunculated or sessile polyps, one of which demonstrated a friable area that may have been the source of the tissue retrieved. Gastroscopy and small-bowel roentgenography were done to attempt exclusion of another source for the adenocarcinoma, and these were normal. A colectomy with ileoproctostomy
The Clinician and the Computer-Affair, Marriage, or Divorce?
Authors: MERVIN ROSENBERG, R. PETER ERICSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Comparing their experience in helping design and develop computer techniques in a psychiatric hospital to interpersonal relationships, the authors describe some of the potential difficulties encountered by persons inundated by the promises of the computer era. They feel that there is still much to be learned regarding the usefulness of computers in medicine. While a certain tolerance for unexpected and undesirable results is currently justified, they feel that this tolerance should not be a defense against proper planning.
Biphasic removal of DNA adducts in a repetitive DNA sequence after dietary administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene.
Authors: S J Culp, M C Poirier, F A Beland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Dietary administration of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) to rats results in the formation of a major hepatic DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF). In liver DNA, dG-C8-AF reaches steady-state conditions after approximately 2 weeks of feeding and is removed in a biphasic manner. In these experiments, we have quantified adduct concentrations in a 370 base-pair repetitive DNA fragment to determine if the adduct levels and kinetics of adduct removal were similar to those found in total genomic DNA. Male F344 rats were fed 0.02% 2-AAF for 28 days and were sacrificed at intermittent times up to 56 days after being returned to the control diet. Hepatic DNA adduct levels were measured by 32P-postlabeling or radioimmunoassay (RIA) in total genomic DNA and in a 370 base-pair fragment obtained by digesting genomic DNA with Hind III. Biphasic removal of dG-C8-AF, which composed about 90% of the total adducts measured, was observed in total genomic DNA, with comparable rate constants being detected by both 32P-postlabeling and RIA. 32P-Postlabeling also showed analogous biphasic removal of dG-C8-AF in the 370 base-pair fragment. A second adduct, 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-AAF (dG-N2-AAF), which accounted for about 10% of the total adducts measured, showed similar biphasic removal kinetics in the total genomic DNA and the 370 base-pair fragment; however, as compared to dG-C8-AF, little removal of dG-N2-AAF was observed during the slow phase.
What happens to those grant applications?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Almost two thirds of the total $4-billion NIH budget, $2.3 billion, is spent on extramural research grants to individual investigators. The responsibility for operating much of the decision-making machinery that evaluates the relative merits—and hence the funding—of the applications these investigators submit falls on the oldest, but perhaps least-known, division at the NIH, the Division of Research Grants. Established in 1946 for this specific purpose, the division channels some 20,000 competing grant applications received each year by the NIH through evaluation—if the research is sufficiently meritorious—to funding. The division's staff keeps track of the reviewing process through which these applications are put, whether they are approved, rejected, or deferred for further consideration. In the performance of its task, the division relies heavily, indeed virtually entirely, on peer review of these applications by knowledgeable scientists in the field. The theory is that independent scientists familiar with the subject are best qualified
Aquatic ecotoxicology: from the ecosystem to the cellular and molecular levels.
Authors: A Boudou, F Ribeyre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This review of aquatic ecotoxicology is presented in three parts. First, we discuss the fundamental concepts and stress the importance of its ecological basis and the complexity and diversity of the field of investigation, which result from actions and interactions between the physicochemical characteristics of the biotopes, the structural and functional properties of the living organisms, and the contamination modalities. Ecotoxicological mechanisms, regardless of the level of biological complexity, primarily depend on the bioavailability of the toxic products. Numerous processes control the chemical fate of contaminants in the water column and/or sediment compartments; accessibility to the biological barriers that separate the organisms from their surrounding medium depends directly on bioavailability. Second, we review the principal methodologies of the field, from in situ studies at the ecosystem/ecocomplex level to bioassays or single species tests. Third, we focus on mercury, selected as a reference contaminant, in order to illustrate the main ecotoxicological concepts, the complementarity between field and laboratory studies, and the indispensable multidisciplinarity of the approaches.
Ingestion of an Unusual Foreign Body
Authors: J. E. Losanoff, K. T. Kjossev
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A 20-year-old prisoner presented to the emergency department with a history of recent deliberate foreign body ingestion and complaining of abdominal pain of 6 hours’ duration. Abdominal radiographs showed metallic, cross-like foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract (Figure [1]). Emergency laparotomy revealed perforations of the duodenum. The foreign bodies were removed, with a favorable outcome. Inspection of the surgically removed foreign bodies revealed that each one consisted of two 5-cm wires, tied together crosswise with rubber bands (Figure [2]). The patient admitted that he had used straightened paperclips, cut in half, to make these ”crosses”. The elastic construction of the crosses enabled him to pull their branches together to lie parallel, wrap them in small strips of paper, and ingest them, with the expectation that gastric secretions would dissolve the wrap and release the sharp ends to cause gastrointestinal perforations. He anticipated that this would result in a vacation from jail and a prescription for narcotic analgesia.
Respiratory Disability in Coal Miners-Reply
Authors: W. K. C. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  In response to Mr Elisburg, our sample may not have been representative, but our data are in accord with previous studies in working coal miners whose ventilatory capacity closely resembled that of the normal population, except when complicated CWP was present. 1 In regard to the role played by coal dust in the cause of COPD, while dust may lead to the development of industrial bronchitis and minor abnormalities of large-airways function, cigarette smoking is between six and ten times more important. 2 Moreover, industrial bronchitis does not lead to emphysema and is not peculiar to miners, but occurs in all dusty trades. Why, therefore, should miners be singled out for special attention? Nowhere has it been shown that the effects of coal dust and smoking are additive, and studies from the National Coal Board have shown that with increasing age and exposure, the contribution of dust to
THE DETECTION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI IN SPUTUM
Authors: F. W. Eurich
Journal: BMJ (1911)

DETECTION OF TUBERCLE BACIILLI IN SPUTUM.[ SEPT.i6, i9Ir.b)oth lungs was healthy and showed nio signs of tubercle.The lheart and pericardium were normal.The abdomen contained a considerable quantity of clear dark fluid, but there was no appearance of tubercle there or in the braini, nor was any other morbid appearancc noted.A parallel case of chronic tuberculous pericarditis recently under my care has been published elsewhere' by Dr. Rae, late lhouse-physician in this hospital.Here the sac was greatly distended in the early stages of the disease, and after being twice aspirated was drained by free incision.As the heart was exposed to view during operation, and yet the real pathology was not recognized, it is to be presumned that the fibro-cascous change affected the parietal earlier than the visceral section of the mem- brane.If we may judge from the findings of the necropsy and the general behaviour of the case now recorded, the membrane lining the chest wall was similarly involvecl earlier than that covering the lung.It would seem that in the early stages of the disease the
Intravenous immunoglobulin followed by platelet transfusion in the acute treatment of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole‐induced immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: John P. Chute, James N. Frame, John T. Gamey, John C. Phares, K. M. Mohamed Shakia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

In 1960.trisomy 18 was described in children with a particular pattern of anomalies associated with an extra chromosome 18, and the only hematological disorder reported in trisoniy 18 has been thrombocytopenia 1 I I.Pelger-Huet anomaly is characterized by a neutrophil anomaly in which the nuclear lobes fail to develop completely (21.Until now.no studies have shown any correlation between Pelger-Huet anomaly and a specific genetic disorder.Matsumato et al. [2] have reported a probable association between Pelger-Huet anomaly and 22 p+.Kase 131 reported a case with Pelger-Huet anomaly and syndactyly.Kallo [4] found polydactyly in three cases with Pelger-Huet anomaly.Also, a case of Pelger-Huet anomaly with polydactyly and a case of Pelger-Huet with trisomy 13 syndrome were reported in the same family 151.Since there are reported cases with Pelger-Huet anomaly associated with different genetic disorders in the literature, we think this correlation will be understood better with further genetic studies and increased number of patients.