tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ induces insulin-induced gene-1 and suppresses hepatic lipogenesis in obese diabetic mice
Authors: Xiaomei Qin, Xuefen Xie, Yanbo Fan, Jianwei Tian, Youfei Guan, Xian Wang, Yi Zhu, Nanping Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common forms of chronic liver diseases and is associated with insulin-resistant states such as diabetes and obesity. Recent work has revealed potential implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ) in lipid homeostasis and insulin resistance. In this study, we examined the effect of PPARδ on sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a pivotal transcription factor controlling lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Treatment with GW0742, the PPARδ agonist, or overexpression of PPARδ markedly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. GW0742 and PPARδ overexpression in hepatocytes induced the expression of insulin-induced gene-1 (Insig-1), an endoplasmic reticulum protein braking SREBP activation, at both the mRNA and the protein levels. PPARδ inhibited the proteolytic processing of SREBP-1 into the mature active form, thereby suppressing the expression of the lipogenic genes fatty acid synthase, stearyl CoA desaturase-1, and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Our results revealed a direct binding of PPARδ to a noncanonical peroxisome proliferator responsive element motif upstream of the transcription initiation site of human Insig-1. The disruption of this site diminished the induction of Insig-1, which suggested that Insig-1 is a direct PPARδ target gene in hepatocytes. Knockdown of endogenous Insig-1 attenuated the suppressive effect of GW0742 on SREBP-1 and its target genes, indicating PPARδ inhibited SREBP-1 activation via induction of Insig-1. Furthermore, overexpression of PPARδ by intravenous infection with the PPARδ adenovirus induced the expression of Insig-1, suppressed SREBP-1 activation, and, consequently, ameliorated hepatic steatosis in obese db/db mice. Conclusion: Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which PPARδ regulates lipogenesis, suggesting potential therapeutic applications of PPARδ modulators in obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as related steatotic liver diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
NEURONAL NETWORK-BASED TEXTURE ANALYSIS: FEASIBILITY STUDY ON PREDICTION OF POSTINFARCTION MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY
Authors: Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak, Blazej Michalski, Slawomir Skonieczka, Ewa Szymczyk, Paulina Wejner-Mik, Piotr Lipiec, Michal Strzelecki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
FRACTURE OF THE XIPHOID PROCESS CAUSING CLONIC SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: CLARENCE E. BIRD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To observe clonic diaphragmatic spasm is in itself sufficiently surprising, but to find as its probable underlying cause a fracture of the xiphoid process is still more so. Comparatively few instances of spasm of the diaphragm are found recorded, and, so far as can be determined, fracture of the xiphoid process is unique. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> H. S., a married Russian-Jewish tailor, aged 48, was admitted, Oct. 10, 1921, with complaints which led to the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer. Roentgen-ray studies confirmed the impression and, October 13, under ether anesthesia, a transsection of the pyloric antrum with posterior gastroenterostomy (Billroth II) was performed. The ulcer was situated on the anterior and superior surfaces of the duodenum, involving the cap along the lesser curvature. Because of the extensive surrounding induration and cicatrization, it was not removed. An appendix, noted by the pathologist to show "obliterative appendicitis," was excised, and the abdominal
Impact of Stable Versus Unstable Coronary Artery Disease on 1-Year Outcome in Elective Patients Undergoing Multivessel Revascularization With Sirolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Marco Valgimigli, Keith Dawkins, Carlos Macaya, Bernard de Bruyne, Emmanuel Teiger, Jean Fajadet, Richardt Gert, Stefano De Servi, Angelo Ramondo, Kristel Wittebols, Hans-Peter Stoll, Tessa A.M. Rademaker, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Urinary bladder-urethral sphincter dysfunction in mice with targeted disruption of neuronal nitric oxide synthase models idiopathic voiding disorders in humans
Authors: Arthur L. Burnett, David C. Calvin, Shelly L. Chamness, Jian-Xiang Liu, Randy J. Nelson, Sabra L. Klein, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
1058. Novel Prostate-Specific Vector Regulation System Incorporating a Probasin-Based Promoter, Tet-Regulated Transcriptional Silencer Protein, and a Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Jan Woraratanadharm, Semyon Rubinchik, Hong Yu, John (Jian-yun) Y. Dong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Prostate cancer is now the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Although current treatments are initially effective, 25-50% of patients experience recurrence within 15 years. In addition, once the disease has progressed to a hormone refractory stage, no curative treatment options are available. Thus, there is a great need for new treatment strategies to improve these outcomes. One such strategy is to specifically eliminate prostate cancer cells through induction of the natural pathway of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. This may be accomplished by introduction of a pro-apoptotic gene, such as Fas ligand (FasL) into prostate cancer cells using a recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vector. Previously, our lab constructed an Ad vector which employed the ARR2PB promoter (a synthetically derived promoter utilizing the androgen response regions (ARR) of the Probasin promoter) to drive prostate-specific expression of a FasL-green fluorescent protein (FasL-GFP) fusion protein specifically in prostate cancer cells. By combining this specificity with the Tet-off regulatory system within a single Ad vector, we were able to increase the levels of prostate-specific expression significantly. This strategy, however, introduced a new problem|[mdash]|low but significant basal activity emanating from the tetracycline responsive element (TRE) promoter even under non-induced conditions. To address this new challenge, we have included an additional element, a regulatory element that expresses the tetracycline-regulated transcriptional silencer (tTS) protein specifically in non-prostate cells. This is accomplished by introducing two expression cassettes: (1) Lac repressor (LacR) under the direction of the ARR2PB promoter and (2) tTS with a LacR-responsive promoter, derived by the introduction of two Lac operators (lacO) flanking the TATA box of the hCMVie (human Cytomegalovirus intermediate/early) promoter. In non-prostate cells, LacR would not be expressed but tTS would be and would subsequently suppress TRE-directed transgene expression. On the other hand, in prostate cells, LacR would be expressed and thus would inhibit tTS expression, thereby allowing TRE-induced transgene expression in prostate cells. By combining into a single Ad vector both TRE-regulated, prostate-specific induction of FasL-GFP expression and expression of tTS exclusively in non-prostate cells, we hope to increase the specificity of our vector. Preliminary results suggest that this new vector does restrict transgene expression to cells of prostate origin. In addition, this prostate-specific expression is amplified by the positive feedback loop system included in the vector design.
LICENSURE OR CERTIFICATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Francis J. Gerty
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Early in June, 1950, the Secretary of the Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases received a letter from Mr. J. W. Holloway, Jr., Director of the Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation of the American Medical Association, stating: So far as I can find out, the American Medical Association has expressed no official view as to whether psychologists should or should not be registered under state laws. The purpose of this communication is to solicit the aid of the Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases in establishing a medical viewpoint with respect to this problem. This bureau has been called on in a number of instances by state medical associations to express an opinion on proposed legislation and on the effectiveness of the laws that have already been enacted dealing with the regulation of psychology. This development is in an initial stage, and unless the medical viewpoint is adequately reflected
Biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and cancer risk in a coke plant.
Authors: G Assennato, G M Ferri, M S Tockman, M C Poirier, B Schoket, A Porro, V Corrado, P T Strickland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

To evaluate the association between an indicator of carcinogen exposure (peripheral blood leukocyte DNA adducts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and an early indicator of neoplastic transformation (sputum epithelial cell membrane antigens binding by monoclonal antibodies against small cell lung cancer and against nonsmall cell lung cancer), a survey of 350 coke-oven workers and 100 unexposed workers was planned. This paper reports a pilot investigation on a subgroup of 23 coke-oven workers and 8 unexposed controls. A
Abstract 4573: Enriched driver genes based on histology and smoking status in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: She-Juan An, Zhi-Hong Chen, Jian Su, Xu-Chao Zhang, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Jin-Ji Yang, Qing Zhou, Xue-Ning Yang, Ling Huang, Ji-Lin Guan, Qiang Nie, Hong-Hong Yan, Tony S Mok, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose Patient selection is needed as target therapy had efficacy only to the subsets of patients with specific genetic alterations. We aimed to clarify the subgroups for enriching the patients with candidate driver genes. Patients and Methods The patients who performed clinical genetic tests at Guangdong General Hospital with primary lung cancer were enrolled. Driver genes were detected by sequencing, high-resolution melting analysis, qPCR, or multiple PCR and RACE methods. Results 524 patients were enrolled in this study and the differences of driver genes among subgroups on histology and smoking status were analyzed. In adenocarcinoma with non-smoker subgroup, EGFR mutation was the most frequently altered gene with 49·8%, followed by EML4-ALK (9·3%), PTEN (9·1%), PIK3CA (5·2%), c-Met (4·8%), KRAS (4·5%), and BRAF (1·9%). The three most frequently altered genes in adenocarcinoma with smoker subgroup were EGFR (22·0%), KRAS (12·0), and EML4-ALK (4·5%). We only found EGFR (8·0 %), c-Met (2·8%), and PIK3CA (2·6%) alterations in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with non-smoker subgroup. PTEN (16·1%), PIK3CA (7·2%), and EML4-ALK (6·5%) were the three most frequently enriched genes in SCC with smoker subgroup. DDR2 and FGFR2 only presented in SCC with smoker subgroup (4·4% and 2·2%, respectively). Among these four subgroups, the differences of EGFR, KRAS, and PTEN mutations were statistically significant. Conclusion The distinct features of driver genes in different subgroups based on histology and smoking status were very helpful to enrich the patients for guiding the future clinical trials target these genes. The study also suggested that we can consider the patients with infrequently alteration rates of driver genes as an orphan disease and should provide special management model with special molecular targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4573. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4573
A SERUM HAVING THERAPEUTIC VALUE IN THE TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Authors: S. P. BEEBE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A preliminary paper was published inThe Journal, Feb. 17, 1906, describing the preparation of a serum having therapeutic value in the treatment of exophthalmic goiter. Since that date I have had a great deal more experience in the preparation of the serum, and its therapeutic effect has been carefully tried on many more patients so that it is now possible to describe improved processes for its manufacture and to state more nearly what its value is likely to be. The theoretical basis was described in sufficient detail in the first paper. I may say, however, that since the publication of the article in the<i>Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>,<sup>1</sup>describing the experiments which led to the therapeutic application in exophthalmic goiter, I have made many more experiments of the same nature, and as a result it may safely be concluded that a serum having a high degree of specificity
Aplastic Anemia — Suppressor Lymphocytes and Hematopoiesis
Authors: Robert A. Good
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The pathogenesis of most cases of aplastic anemia has been enigmatic. To be sure, in some patients direct damage to stem cells by poisons, toxins or drugs can be assumed. But even in circumstances in which a specific toxin or drug can be implicated, the exact pathogenesis of the hematopoietic failure remains obscure. Exciting recent evidence suggests that lymphocytes in the bone marrow or even lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood may play an important part in pathogenesis of aplastic anemia and pancytopenia. An article by Hoffman et al.1 in this issue of the Journal reports studies showing the presence . . .
Percutaneous Device Closure of a Large Aortic Root Graft Pseudoaneurysm Using 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance
Authors: Nowell M. Fine, Jeffrey D. Booker, Sorin V. Pislaru, Eric E. Williamson, Charanjit S. Rihal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Smooth Muscle-Like Origin for Beige Adipocytes
Authors: Jonathan Z. Long, Katrin J. Svensson, Linus Tsai, Xing Zeng, Hyun C. Roh, Xingxing Kong, Rajesh R. Rao, Jesse Lou, Isha Lokurkar, Wendy Baur, John J. Castellot, Evan D. Rosen, Bruce M. Spiegelman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID WHICH INDUCES STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN HEMOPHILUS
Authors: Grace Leidy, Eros Hahn, Hattie E. Alexander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Streptomycin resistance of a high degree has been induced in sensitive populations of Hemophilus influenzae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae by desoxyribonucleic acids (DNA's) derived from streptomycin (SM)-resistant cells of at least one heterologous species of Hemophilus. The specificity of the DNA which controls SM resistance has been studied within and among species of Hemophilus by comparing, in a given population, the proportion of cells transformed to SM-resistant by DNA's derived from highly resistant cells of heterologous type or species with the proportion changed by the DNA derived from SM-resistant cells of the homologous type or species. The ratio resulting from this comparison correlates in general with the degree of kinship between recipient and donor cells suggested by accepted methods of bacteriologic classification. The numerical value of the ratio is much lower when the species of the recipient population and donor of the DNA differ than when they are of the same species. The data suggest that this ratio is of value as an index of degree of kinship of recipient and donor cells. Comparison of the activity of heterologous and homologous DNA's shows differences within species and degrees of differences among species not brought out by other available methods. The data suggest that H. influenzae is more closely related to H. parainfluenzae than to H. suis and that the relationship between H. parainfluenzae and H. suis is remote. Within the species H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae the ratio of hetero-specific transformants to homospecific transformants appears to be relatively constant for a given recipient population. This ratio also appears to be independent of the type or group source of the heterologous species SM resistance DNA. The low proportion of cells in H. influenzae populations which are transformed to SM-resistant by DNA's derived from SM-resistant H. parainfluenzae and vice versa has been increased 4- to 15-fold by the replication of the heterologous species SM resistance DNA in the heterologous species. An alteration of the heterologous DNA by the host is suggested.
Only Hibernating Myocardium Invariably Shows Early Recovery After Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Bharati Shivalkar, Alex Maes, Marcel Borgers, Jannie Ausma, Ilse Scheys, Johan Nuyts, Luc Mortelmans, Willem Flameng
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The aims of this study were to identify hibernating myocardium (hypocontractile, hypoperfused viable myocardium that regains contractility after revascularization) in the clinical setting and to predict functional outcome in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary revascularization.Preoperative data related to the anterior free wall of the left ventricle were collected in 50 coronary bypass surgery candidates (positron emission tomography [PET], [13N]NH3 for flow, and [18F]FDG for metabolism [MET]; equilibrium-gated nuclear angiography [EGNA] for regional ejection fraction [REF]; and histological data from myocardial biopsies for percentage fibrosis and viable myocytes). Three months after surgery, the patients had follow-up PET and EGNA investigations. A principal-components analysis identified four patient clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 9) had normal viable myocardium. Cluster 2 (n = 18) had viable hypocontractile myocardium (REF, 39 +/- 12%) showing a PET mismatch pattern. Cluster 3 (n = 16) had viable hypocontractile myocardium associated with morphological myocyte injury showing a matched moderate decrease in flow (66 +/- 11%) and MET (70 +/- 11%). Cluster 4 (n = 7) had hypocontractile myocardium with mainly scar tissue (fibrosis, 74 +/- 12%). After surgery, only cluster 2, with hibernating myocardium, showed significant improvement in REF (from 39 +/- 12% to 50 +/- 13%, P < .05). Cluster 3, with sites of morphological myocyte injury, showed no recovery. The stepwise logistic regression showed a combination of low preoperative REF and high MET to be the best predictor of functional recovery (P < .008).Multivariate analysis identifies hibernating myocardium showing early postrevascularization recovery, as opposed to viable but myolytic myocardium with no early recovery. Postrevascularization recovery can be predicted (combination of low REF and high MET) by noninvasive techniques.
Major Depressive Disorder Following Miscarriage-Reply
Authors: Richard Neugebauer, Jennie Kline, Zena Stein, Mervyn Susser, Andrew Skodol, Pamela A. Geller, Patrick Shrout, Patricia O'Connor
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —The letter from Drs Lynch and Johnson affords us a welcome opportunity to clarify the diagnostic logic underlying our approach to major depressive disorder following miscarriage. Lynch and Johnson recommend that following a miscarriage, women with an episode of uncomplicated bereavement should be distinguished from those with an episode of major depressive disorder. The former category would include women whose depressive symptoms start within 1 month of the loss and remit within 2 months of the loss, and who are free of morbid preoccupation with worthlessness. To be fully consistent with theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), suicidal ideation and psychomotor retardation also should be absent.1  Whatever the clinical merits of this categorization, we believe it is not appropriate for the epidemiologic design and analysis of our study. We intended to estimate the contribution of miscarriage to risk of severe, enduring depressive symptoms.
Occurrence of spontaneous malignant lymphoma in the course of idiopathic myelofibrosis
Authors: Giuseppe V. Bogliolo, Roberto A. Leza, Corrado Ruggieri, Ivo M. Pannacciulli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

The spontaneous development of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis is described. The tumor appeared 3 years after clinical diagnosis of the latter. Implications of the association between myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders at a pathogenetic level are briefly discussed.
Abstract 5694: Zapotin mediates its action by inducing p53 in wild-type p53 positive human lung cancer cells
Authors: Geetanjali G. Kanade, Rajesh Nathani, Loredana Huma, Rajendra G. Mehta, Genoveva Murillo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.2 million new cases annually. Despite the availability of several novel medications, very few have been found to be widely applicable or effective. Hence, the aim of present study was to assess the efficacy of Zapotin, a phytochemical present in the Mexican fruit Sapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis), in lung epithelial cells. Zapotin was chemically synthesized and the effects were evaluated on several human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549 (p53 wild type), Calu-1(p53 null), H1993 (p53 mutated)) and the Normal Human Bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2b) using cell proliferation assay (MTT Assay &amp; Cell count method), apoptosis assay (TUNEL Assay), western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Significant growth inhibition of 66.91% and apoptosis was found to be induced in the A549 cells when treated with 1 μM zapotin for 72 hrs. On the other hand, no significant growth inhibition was noted for Beas-2b under the same conditions. Furthermore, the western blot analyses indicated that zapotin increased p53 and p21 protein expression in A549 cells but not in Beas-2b cells. Studies for p53 mRNA expression were completed on A549 and Beas-2b subsequent to treatment with zapotin and it showed to have no significant changes. This suggested that the activation of p53 is at protein level instead of transcriptional level. This is the first report to indicate that zapotin acts through p53 mediated pathway in wild-type p53 positive A549 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5694.
Head of Red Cross pleads for medical missions not to be attacked
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Wiltshire police investigating unspecified allegations against a paediatrician at Southampton General Hospital are seeking expert medical evidence outside the UK.The case concerns a paediatrician who was involved in the care of a child whose mother was later charged with murder.Marianne Williams, then 22, was charged in 2004 with the murder of her 15 month old son, Joshua Taylor, whom she was alleged to have poisoned with salt.She was found not guilty in October last year after a six week trial at Winchester Crown Court.Wiltshire police officers are also under investigation for their role in the case.The Independent Police Complaints Commission said that it was "midway through" an investigation into a complaint about the conduct of the criminal investigation.Six officers had been served with official notice of the inquiry, although "this in no way implies guilt or wrongdoing on the part of any officer," the commission said.Detective Superintendent James Vaughan, the officer leading the Wiltshire force's inquiry into the allegations against the doctor, confirmed that Wiltshire Police would not be seeking medical advice in the case from any British doctors-a claim posted on the website forum Mothers Against Munchausen Allegations."In order to maintain the confidence of Joshua's family, and to identify an independent specialist who has had no connection with this or any other similar sets of circumstances in the United Kingdom, it has been necessary to seek assistance from overseas," Detective Superintendent Vaughan said.This was, he insisted, "not a reflection on the Wiltshire police's confidence in the United Kingdom experts."However, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said it was "confident that we have eminent experts in the UK who can offer an independent and authoritative opinion." Police look abroad for salt case expertUK NEWS Remedy UK loses court case, p1134