tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of protection from pressure on resistance artery morphology and reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Authors: S J Bund, K P West, A M Heagerty
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The effects of regional hypotension on femoral resistance artery reactivity and morphology were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. A partially constricting ligature (0.4 mm i.d.) was placed around the left external iliac artery at 5 weeks, which resulted in significantly reduced femoral mean arterial pressures distal to the ligature at 12 and 24 weeks. The femoral mean arterial pressure distal to the ligature in SHR was similar to that in WKY unprotected hind limbs. Resistance arteries (approximately 200 microns i.d.) were taken from unligatured and protected hind limbs and mounted in a myograph for reactivity and morphological measurements. Each experiment therefore utilized one artery distal to a ligature and one from the control hind limb. Histological examination revealed that nuclear density differed neither between strains nor between arteries from protected and unprotected femoral beds. Media thickness, media cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratios were reduced in arteries from the hypotensive hind limb in SHR and WKY rats at 12 and 24 weeks. Arteries from the protected hind limbs of SHR were structurally indistinguishable from those from the normally perfused WKY vasculature. It is concluded that the medial content and maximal contractile responses of femoral resistance arteries from SHR and WKY rats are mainly determined by the local perfusion pressure and that normalization of perfusion pressure in SHR normalizes resistance artery structure.
Medical education must be more patient centred to be relevant
Authors: Caroline Wellbery
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A browse through medical schools' mission statements shows that the goals of medical education can be summarised as “the pursuit of health in the service of society” ( BMC Medical Education 2001;1: 4). Despite this service oriented purpose students often challenge the relevance of what they learn. Students' concerns about relevance may target a particular science course such as histology or a wider societal perspective, such as learning about health policy. Emotional, interpersonal, subjective topics are particularly vulnerable to challenge ( Academic Medicine 2002;78: 372-80). For example, at a focus group on the role of the humanities in medical education one student complained: “We just spent way too much time on [palliative care]. As I look through my notes I came up with about 5 minutes of information from a two hour class.” The lecture in question, which had concentrated on grief, loss, and care giving, was relevant to the student only for its clinical …
The Langerhans cell
Authors: S. M. BREATHNACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article The Langerhans cell Get access S. M. BREATHNACH S. M. BREATHNACH Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Pages 463–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03249.x Published: 01 October 1988
The Normal Child: Some Problems of the First Five Years and Their Treatment
Authors: Brian B. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1964)

More than 25 years of pediatric teaching and practice form the basis for this British study. Investigating the normal child from birth to five years of age. Illingworth discusses problems other than diseases. The book is divided into four major areas: aspects of breast feeding, physical growth, maturation, and behavior. A proponent of breast feeding, the author considers both its advantages and disadvantages. The chapters on physical development cover many common problems. including teething, umbilical hernia. and the desirability of circumcision. The teachings of Gesell, under whom Illingworth studied, pervade the section on normal maturation. Interesting examples enliven the author's discussion of occurrence and treatment of behavioral problems such as temper tantrums, refusal to eat, and jealousy. Included under psychological development are what the author calls, with elegant simplicity, "Annoying Ways." Equanimity, the happy result of coping with anxious parents and wailing babies, informs this third edition. Abundant good sense
NHS Choose and Book appointment system will be replaced
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The national electronic appointment booking service Choose and Book will be replaced by a new system later this year as part of a ministerial push to make all referrals electronic by 2018.

Introduced by the Labour government in 2004, Choose and Book allows general practitioners (GPs) to offer their patients a choice of place, date, and time for their first outpatient appointment.

But usage has barely exceeded 50%,1 and NHS England has opted not to renew the contract and to implement instead a new NHS e-Referral Service by the end of 2014.

In …
US Army looking into Iraq pneumonia cases
Authors: Ivan Oransky
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

The US Army is investigating a group of about 100 pneumonia cases, of which 15 were serious enough to require mechanical ventilation, among troops in Iraq and surrounding countries. Robert DeFraites, the Army's director of epidemiology and disease surveillance, said that the 100 cases occurred between March 1 and July 30 in troops deployed in southwest Asia.
Zoledronate attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through inactivation of Rho/ROCK-dependent JNK and NF-κB pathway
Authors: Shih-Hung Tsai, Po-Hsun Huang, Yi-Jen Peng, Wei-Chou Chang, Hsiao-Ya Tsai, Hsin-Bang Leu, Jaw-Wen Chen, Shing-Jong Lin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease affecting almost 10% of the population over the age of 65. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have been shown to exert anti-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic effects, but the potential effects of N-BPs on AAA remain unclear. Here, we tested whether a potent N-BP, zoledronate, can attenuate the formation of Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA in hyperlipidaemic mice.Low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) (LDLR(-/-)) mice infused for 28 days with Ang II were treated with placebo and 100 μg/kg/day zoledronate. Continuous Ang II infusion in LDLR(-/-) mice exhibited a 59% incidence of AAA formation, and treatment with zoledronate decreased AAA formation (21%). Compared with the saline group, administration of zoledronate in Ang II-infused LDLR(-/-) mice attenuated the expansion of the suprarenal aorta (maximal aortic diameter), reduced elastin degradation in the media layer of the aorta, and significantly diminished vascular inflammation by reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule expression and macrophage accumulation. Treatment with zoledronate decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in aortic tissues. Zoledronate-treated mice had significant down-regulation of JNK, NF-κB, and reduced Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activation. Zoledronate reduced monocytes adherence to human aortic endothelial cells in vitro.Zoledronate-attenuated Ang II induced AAA formation by suppression of MMP-2 activity and suppressed vascular inflammation and Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activities.
T-stage and positive sentinel nodes ratio are the useful factors to predict non-sentinel node metastasis in breast cancer patients with macro-metastasis in the sentinel node
Authors: Satoru Noda, Naoyoshi Onoda, Yuka Asano, Kento Kurata, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Hidemi Kawajiri, Tsutomu Takashima, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Cardiac Arrest After Rapid Infusion of Triple-strength Plasma
Authors: J. S. M. Zorab, B. S. Gulshan, D. J. Whitney, B. D. Perrott
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Triple-strength plasma may be given for a variety of reasons.This report describes its administration for suspected fibrinogenopenia following accidental haemorrhage in pregnancy. CASE REPORTA 37-year-old woman was admitted to hospital as an emergency after an ante-partum haemorrhage.Her previous pregnancies had terminated in a lower segment caesarean section for mild disproportion and prolonged labour, a forceps delivery for deep transverse arrest, and a 3-month abortion.On admission she complained of suprapubic discomfort and a loss of approximately 120 ml.over the previous hour and a half.She was 27 weeks pregnant, though the fundal height was nearer that of a 34-week pregnancy.The
Activated Toxicity of Diesel Particulate Extract by Ultraviolet A Radiation in Mammalian Cells: Role of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Lingzhi Bao, An Xu, Liping Tong, Shaopeng Chen, Lingyan Zhu, Ye Zhao, Guoping Zhao, Erkang Jiang, Jun Wang, Lijun Wu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundDiesel exhaust [diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and their extracts (DPE)] and ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) are two ubiquitous environmental factors that have been identified as essential risk factors for various benign or malignant human diseases, either alone or in combination with other agents.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of DPE and UVA at low-dose exposures in human–hamster hybrid (AL) cells and their underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe exposed exponentially growing AL cells to DPE and/or UVA radiation with or without reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchers and then assayed the cells for survival, mutation induction, apoptosis, and micronucleus generation. In addition, using a singlet oxygen (1O2) trapping probe, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined the production of 1O2.ResultsTreatment of AL cells with DPE + UVA induced significant cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. In contrast, we found no significant damage in cells treated with either UVA or DPE alone at the same doses. Mutation spectra of CD59− mutants showed that treatment with DPE + UVA easily induces multilocus deletions. Sodium azide significantly inhibited both cellular and DNA damage induced by DPE + UVA treatment, whereas other ROS inhibitors had little protecting effect. Furthermore, we found a significant increase of 1O2 in the cells that received DPE + UVA treatment.ConclusionThese findings suggest that UVA activated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of DPE in mammalian cells and that 1O2 played an important role in these processes.
Role of lipoxygenase products in murine pulmonary granuloma formation.
Authors: S L Kunkel, S W Chensue, C Mouton, G I Higashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Various arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are known to regulate immune cell function(s) and dictate the progression of both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. Using a model of Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced hypersensitivity granulomas, we have delineated the in vivo effects of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) pathways on granuloma development and granuloma macrophage I-region-associated (Ia) antigen expression. In addition, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we have profiled the metabolism of AA by macrophages that are isolated from granulomatous foci, and have biochemically characterized the in vitro specificity and activity of selected CO and LO inhibitors. The development of hypersensitivity-type pulmonary granulomas in mice was dramatically suppressed by inhibitors with anti-LO activity (nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), nafazatrom, and BW755c) in a dose-dependent manner, while indomethacin, which is primarily CO-selective, had no significant effect. Furthermore, NDGA and nafazatrom profoundly arrested the normal progression of preformed granulomatous lesions. The inhibitors of the LO pathway also suppressed the in vivo kinetics of Ia antigen expression by granuloma macrophages. In contrast, indomethacin augmented Ia-antigen expression. The major AA metabolites that were synthesized by the granuloma macrophages were shown to be leukotriene C4 and mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. HPLC analysis of AA metabolites from granuloma macrophages that were treated with the various inhibitors confirmed that indomethacin was most CO-selective and NDGA most LO-selective. Nafazatrom and BW755c inhibited AA metabolism by both pathways. Notably, high concentrations of the compounds (5 X 10(-5) M) tended to suppress all products. Our results suggest that LO products may be important in the generation and maintenance of immune granulomatous inflammatory responses.
Fish-Oil Fatty Acid Supplementation in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Joel M. Kremer, William Jubiz, Ann Michalek, Richard I. Rynes, Lee E. Bartholomew, Jean Bigaouette, Maryann Timchalk, Donald Beeler, Lloyd Lininger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of fish-oil dietary supplements in active rheumatoid arthritis and their effect on neutrophil leukotriene levels. Design: Nonrandomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 14-week treatment periods and 4-week washout periods. Setting: Academic medical center, referral-based rheumatology clinic. Patients: Forty volunteers with active, definite, or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Five patients dropped out, and two were removed for noncompliance. Interventions: Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, slow-acting antirheumatic drugs, and prednisone was continued. Twenty-one patients began with a daily dosage of 2.7 g of eicosapaentanoic acid and 1.8 g of docosahexenoic acid given in 15 MAX-EPA capsules (R.P. Scherer, Clearwater, Florida), and 19 began with identical-appearing placebos. The background diet was unchanged. Measurements and Main Results: The following results favored fish oil over placebo after 14 weeks: mean time to onset of fatigue improved by 156 minutes (95% confidence interval, 1. 2 to 311.0 minutes), and number of tender joints decreased by 3.5 (95% Cl, -6.0 to -1.0). Other clinical measures favored fish oil as well but did not reach statistical significance. Neutrophil leukotriene B4 production was correlated with the decrease in number of tender joints (Spearman rank correlation r = 0.53; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in hemoglobin level, sedimentation rate, or presence of rheumatoid factor or in patient-reported adverse effects. An effect from the fish oil persisted beyond the 4-week washout period. Conclusions: Fish-oil ingestion results in subjective alleviation of active rheumatoid arthritis and reduction in neutrophil leukotriene B4 production. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of action and optimal dose and duration of fish-oil supplementation.
THE PELVIC ARTICULATIONS.A CONSIDERATION OF THEIR ANATOMIC, PHYSIOLOGIC, OBSTETRIC AND GENERAL SURGICAL IMPORTANCE.
Authors: JOEL E. GOLDTHWAIT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The first paper on this subject was published by me in conjunction with Dr. Robert B. Osgood<sup>1</sup>in May, 1905. A second paper now seems justified, since as the result of a larger experience many features of the subject are better understood, and it is possible to write with greater definiteness than was the case two years ago. In the first place, in the consideration of the subject, it is to be remembered that the pelvic articulations are true joints and that in normal health, entirely irrespective of age or sex, motion is a definite part of their function. In the next place, it should be remembered that because of the character of these articulations, being flat bone surfaces brought together with oblique or vertical axes, their stability is dependent on the tone and character of the muscles and ligaments. This being the case, and it being recognized that
THE PARATHYROIDS—PHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
Authors: FULLER ALBRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS</h3> The parathyroid hormone has a marked influence on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Its primary action, in my opinion, for reasons which cannot be gone into, is on phosphorus metabolism, and the changes in the metabolism of calcium are dependent on the preceding changes in the metabolism of phosphorus.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Calcium Metabolism.—</h3> The metabolism of calcium is considerably simpler than that of phosphorus. Over 99 per cent of the body's calcium is in the form of a calcium phosphatecalcium carbonate compound which is deposited in the organic matrix of bone and teeth. In addition, there are small amounts of calcium in body fluids. The calcium in the blood except for a negligible part is in two forms, calcium ions and calcium proteinate.<sup>2</sup>The parathyroid hormone apparently regulates the level of calcium ions. There is considerable circumstantial evidence that the stimulus
Electrical Stimulation of the Heart in Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Type A
Authors: HEIN J. J. WELLENS, REINIER M. SCHUILENBERG, DIRK DURRER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The initiation and termination of tachycardias were studied in five patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, type A. In all patients, electrical stimulation was performed from the right side of the heart. In three patients the effect of induced left-sided premature beats was studied as well. In contrast to patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, type B, there was difficulty in initiation and termination of tachycardias with premature beats applied to the right atrium or ventricle. This could easily be accomplished with left-sided premature stimuli. In two patients the simultaneous recording of right and left atrial activation during a tachycardia, showing atrioventricular conduction by way of the A-V nodal-His pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction via the anomalous connection, revealed that left atrial activation occurred far in advance of right atrial activation. During regular driving of the right and the left atrium at identical rates the most pronounced pre-excitation pattern was seen after left atrial stimulation. Our results are in agreement with a circus movement or reciprocal mechanism by way of the A-V nodal-His pathway and the anomalous A-V connection as a causal mechanism for tachycardias in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, type A. In contrast to the usual finding of atrioventricular conduction during the tachycardia via the A-V nodal—His pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction by way of the anomalous connection, one patient showed tachyeardias running in the opposite direction. A location of the anomalous pathway on the left side of the heart is supported by our findings.
Vestigial Gall-bladder
Authors: P. J. Banks, K. Lawrance
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Although an E.C.G. taken on June 27 showed no evidence of rotation in the standard or unipolar limb leads (except for a persistent Q3) and the transition zone in the chest leads had moved back to V4, it was assumed that further embolism had occurred.Intravenous heparin, 10,000 units, was given six-hourly instead of by the intramuscular route, and no further embolic episodes were observed.On June 29 his blood pressure appeared to be stabilizing at about 160/80, and the strength of the infusion was gradu- ally diminished, until it was stopped on July 3.A tem- porary fall in blood pressure to 85/50 necessitated restarting for about 24 hours, after which the infusion was per- manently discontinued, and his blood pressure gradually became established at about 110/60.The course of his illness was additionally complicated by moderately severe haemorrhage from the gastro-intestinal and urinary tracts (after the infusion had been stopped), due to temporary difficulties in adjusting his anticoagulant treat- ment, and by severe thrombophlebitis of the successive veins used for his infusion.Recovery from the acute cardiopathy was considered to have been reached by July 23, and he was discharged home on August 4.
Andrea Cooper: Using pathogens to probe the immune response
Authors: Kira O'Day
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Text and Interview by Kira O'Day

Working at the interface between pathogen and host, Andrea Cooper investigates how the immune system responds to invasion by disease-causing organisms.

When dendritic cells (DCs) patrolling the perimeter of the lung encounter the bacterial intruder Mycobacterium
Impact of Diabetes on Long-Term Outcome After Primary Angioplasty
Authors: Giuseppe De Luca, Maurits T. Dirksen, Christian Spaulding, Henning Kelbæk, Martin Schalij, Leif Thuesen, Bas van der Hoeven, Marteen A. Vink, Christoph Kaiser, Carmine Musto, Tania Chechi, Gaia Spaziani, Luis Salvador Diaz de la Llera, Vincenzo Pasceri, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Roberto Violini, Harry Suryapranata, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Diabetes has been shown to be associated with worse survival and repeat target vessel revascularization (TVR) after primary angioplasty. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes on long-term outcome in patients undergoing primary angioplasty treated with bare metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES).Our population is represented by 6,298 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary angioplasty included in the DESERT database from 11 randomized trials comparing DES with BMS.Diabetes was observed in 972 patients (15.4%) who were older (P < 0.001), more likely to be female (P < 0.001), with higher prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.001), and longer ischemia time (P < 0.001), and without any difference in angiographic and procedural characteristics. At long-term follow-up (1,201 ± 441 days), diabetes was associated with higher rates of death (19.1% vs. 7.4%; P < 0.0001), reinfarction (10.4% vs. 7.5%; P < 0.001), stent thrombosis (7.6% vs. 4.8%; P = 0.002) with similar temporal distribution--acute, subacute, late, and very late--between diabetic and control patients, and TVR (18.6% vs. 15.1%; P = 0.006). These results were confirmed in patients receiving BMS or DES, except for TVR, there being no difference observed between diabetic and nondiabetic patients treated with DES. The impact of diabetes on outcome was confirmed after correction for baseline confounding factors (mortality, P < 0.001; repeat myocardial infarction, P = 0.006; stent thrombosis, P = 0.007; TVR, P = 0.027).This study shows that among STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty, diabetes is associated with worse long-term mortality, reinfarction, and stent thrombosis in patients receiving DES and BMS. DES implantation, however, does mitigate the known deleterious effect of diabetes on TVR after BMS.
Are consenters representative of a target population?
Authors: David S Millson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—I write with reference to the paper by Junghans et al on recruiting patients to medical research.1 We recently published a method to determine if consenters to population surveys are representative of the target study population.2

Recently introduced data protection legislation has changed research practice in the United Kingdom, although uncertainties about the interpretation of the legislation remain.3 Methods such as searching …
Bone marrow WT1 levels at diagnosis, post-induction and post-intensification in adult de novo AML
Authors: J F Nomdedéu, M Hoyos, M Carricondo, E Bussaglia, C Estivill, J Esteve, M Tormo, R Duarte, O Salamero, M P Q de Llano, A García, J Bargay, I Heras, J M Martí-Tutusaus, A Llorente, J M Ribera, D Gallardo, A Aventin, S Brunet, J Sierra
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Book Review Intracerebral Hemorrhage Edited by Edward Feldmann. 348 pp. Armonk, N.Y., Futura, 1994. $65. 0-87993-575-8 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Edited by Carlos A. Kase and Louis R. Caplan. 516 pp. Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994. $135. 0-7506-9308-8
Authors: E. Clarke Haley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)