tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IOM Report Calls for a More Streamlined, Faster Cancer Cooperative Trials Program
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A HYPODERMIC NEEDLE STERILIZER AND SOLUTION BOILER
Authors: John P. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This device, for the rapid sterilization of hypodermic syringes, hypodermic needles and the water in which hypodermic tables may be dissolved, also provides a sterile, noncorrosive receptacle in which solutions of hypodermic tablets may be made. It consists of a metal case in which a silver trough 1% inches long of 5 c.c. capacity is permanently mounted at the top immediately above the burner of a removable alcohol lamp. The burner is so constructed that the fuel chamber is perfectly vented, and instead of overflowing when it becomes heated, the alcohol vapor is passed into the flame and consumed. The device is 2% inches high, 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick, and weighs 5 ounces. The lamp holds 15 c.c. of denatured alcohol, and will burn for one hour. The heat is so intense that it will bring the 5 c.c. of water in the trough, including a hypodermic
Pulmonary blood volume in mitral stenosis.
Authors: S. B. Roy, P. Bhardwaj, M. L. Bhatia
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Various haemodynamic parameters in patients with mitral stenosis have been extensively studied but only a few measure ments of the pulmonary blood volume are available (Milnor et al., 1960 ; Dock et al., 1961 ; McGaff et al., 1963 ; Schreiner et al., 1963 ; Yu et al., 1963). Furthermore, no worker has correlated the pulmonary symptoms of patients with mitral stenosis to their pulmonary blood volume. The pulmonary blood volume estimated in 33 patients with mitral valve disease and 15 normal healthy volunteers forms the basis of this report. This study was undertaken to delineate the range of pulmonary blood volume in normal persons and to correlate pulmonary symptoms to pulmonary blood volume and other haemodynamic para meters in patients with mitral valve disease.
Newborn screening and carrier screening for cystic fibrosis: alternative or complementary?
Authors: Carlo Castellani, John Massie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

CF newborn and carrier screening are interconnected but presently neither can replace the other http://ow.ly/qhDFDCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent, life limiting, autosomal recessive diseases in Caucasians.It is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.Approximately 2000 mutations have been identified, of which ,120 are responsible for the vast majority of disease cases [1].
Quality of prescribing of intravenous antibiotics in a district general hospital.
Authors: M Denton, M S Morgan, R R White
Journal: BMJ (1991)

In selected patients auditory hallucinations have been found to respond to several non-pharmacological inter- ventions,' among the simplest of which are the use of an ear plug,2 the use of a personal cassette recorder,' and various vocalisation tasks.4We evaluated the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
PREGNANCY AFTER INTERPOSITION OF THE UTERUS
Authors: IRVING F. STEIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

For the correction of uterine prolapse and cystocele, the operation of interposition is practically the universal procedure of choice. By this method, the bladder is elevated in the pelvis and is prevented from again descending by the uterine fundus. The principles of the operation as described by both Wertheim and Watkins are essentially these: 1. The bladder is supported by and rests on the posterior wall of the uterus. 2. The uterus is anteverted in the pelvis, being tipped forward about 180 degrees. By virtue of this torsion, the broad ligaments are twisted and perceptibly shortened. 3. The long axis of the uterus makes an acute angle with the vagina, thus preventing any descent of the cervix into or through that passage. The end-result of a properly performed interposition is illustrated in Figure 1. Although a successful procedure for prolapse, interposition of the uterus presents a decided hazard to future
Proactive Violence Reduction: Successful Quality Assurance
Authors: Burr Eichelman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Hospital violence, whether a part of general or psychiatric hospitals, is as endemic as opportunistic infections. Within the Veterans Administration Hospital System, more than 12 000 cases of assault have been reported in a 5-year period.<sup>1</sup>Hospital violence affects the quality of patient care, creates risks for patients and staff, and demoralizes staff. In one study of psychiatrists in Maryland, 48 of 115 respondents had been assaulted.<sup>2</sup>In a survey of psychiatry residents in a West Coast training program, 14 of 31 had been assaulted.<sup>3</sup>In the past, hospital violence frequently was met with administrative and staff denial. Several years ago I inquired about the current assault rate at Veterans Administration hospitals and I was asked whether I wanted the figure generated by incident reports (the lower figure) or that generated by workers' compensation claims (the higher figure). The article by Drummond et al<sup>4</sup>in this
Petechiae, Ecchymoses, and Necrosis of Skin Induced by Coumarin Congeners
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A rare complication of coumarin-congener anticoagulant therapy characterized by a sequence of skin lesions (petechiae, ecchymoses, and hemorrhagic infarcts) in random sites is well documented in the foreign literature and, as far as we know, is almost unknown in the American literature. These skin lesions are manifest between the third and the tenth day of anticoagulant therapy, 90% occurring within the third to the sixth day. These alarming lesions are associated only with the use of coumarin congeners, bishydroxycoumarin (Dicoumarol) being involved most frequently. Sodium heparin has never been implicated. A pathogenesis is proposed which nicely accommodates the morphologic features of this dermatopathy. However, unresolved, enigmatic clinical aspects remain.
307 Peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®) in combination with ribavirin in African American and Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: Assessment of histologic response
Authors: W CASSIDY, L JEFFERS, C HOWELL, K RAJENDERREDDY, S SHERIDAN, E LENTZ, G HARB, S KHOURI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Administration of interferon (IFN) 3 times weekly in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with low sustained responses, which may be, in part, related to this regimen's inability to maintain IFN concentrations sufficient to suppress viral replication. An enhanced IFN molecule produced by the covalent attachment of a branched 40-kd polyethylene glycol moiety to IFN α-2a (PEG[40kd] IFN α-2a) exhibits sustained absorption, a restricted volume of distribution, and reduced clearance compared with unmodified IFN α-2a. One hundred fifty-nine patients with CHC participated in a randomized, ascending-dose (45 or 90, 180, 270 μg) study comparing PEG(40kd) IFN α-2a administered once weekly with 3 MIU IFN α-2a administered 3 times weekly for 48 weeks to determine the most appropriate PEG(40kd) IFN α-2a dose for subsequent clinical trials. Efficacy was assessed by measuring hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA following a 24-week treatment-free period. Sustained virological responses for PEG(40kd) IFN α-2a once weekly were 10% (45 μg; not significant), 30% (90 μg; P = .009), 36% (180 μg; P = .0006), and 29% (270 μg; P = .004), compared with 3% for the 3-times-weekly 3-MIU IFN α-2a regimen. The types and frequencies of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were similar among all groups. In conclusion, once-weekly PEG(40kd) IFN α-2a was associated with a higher number of sustained virological responses compared with IFN α-2a 3 times weekly in patients with CHC, but had a similar safety profile. The 180-μg PEG(40kd) IFN α-2a dose appeared to be the optimal dose based on sustained virological response and its associated side-effect profile. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;33:433-438.)
Structural and functional characterisation of cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: P CAMELLITI, T BORG, P KOHL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Cardiac fibroblasts form one of the largest cell populations, in terms of cell numbers, in the heart. They contribute to structural, biochemical, mechanical and electrical properties of the myocardium. Nonetheless, they are often disregarded by in vivo and in vitro studies into cardiac function. This review summarizes our understanding of fibroblast origin and identity, their structural organization and role in myocardial architecture, as well as functional aspects related to cell signalling and electro-mechanical function in the heart.
On Politics and Health: An Epidemic of Neurologic Disease in Cuba
Authors: Gustavo C. Roman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Political decisions may cause disease.During 1992 and 1993, an epidemic of neuropathy in Cuba—largely overlooked by U.S. physicians—affected more than 50 000 persons and caused optic neuropathy, deafness, myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy. Patients with the neurologic disease responded to B group vitamins, and oral vitamin supplementation of the population curbed the epidemic. Dietary restrictions and excessive carbohydrate intake were the immediate cause of the epidemic; however, the primary cause might have been political. Political changes in eastern Europe had major repercussions on Cuba's economy and food supply. In turn, these changes compounded the effects of internal political decisions in the island, leading toward isolationism and economic dependence on the former Soviet Union. Also, for more than 30 years, the United States has maintained an economic embargo against Cuba. In 1992, the U.S. embargo was tightened by the Torricelli amendment (or the Cuba Democracy Act), which prohibited third-country subsidiaries of U.S. companies from trading with Cuba and prevented food and medicines from reaching the island; this amendment produced a virtual economic blockade. Penuries resulting from all these political events resulted in the largest epidemic of neurologic disease in this century. Physicians may need to use their influence to modify political decisions when these decisions result in adverse health consequences. The American Academy of Neurology has issued a plea to encourage physicians and other health personnel to support efforts leading to lifting of the U.S. embargo against Cuba for humanitarian reasons.
Evidence That Men With Familial Hypercholesterolemia Can Avoid Early Coronary Death
Authors: Roger R. Williams, Sandra J. Hasstedt, Dana E. Wilson, K. Owen Ash, Frank F. Yanowitz, Gayle E. Reiber, Hiroshi Kuida
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To study the genetic influence on serum cholesterol levels and early coronary heart disease, 1,134 individuals were screened from 18 Utah pedigrees. In most pedigrees, serum cholesterol appeared to be a purely polygenic trait, with 54% heritability. In four pedigrees with dominant familial hypercholesterolemia, male heterozygotes had a mean serum cholesterol level of 352 mg/dL, myocardial infarction at an average age of 42 years, and coronary death at an average age of 45 years. An informative pedigree structure allowed the identification of four ancestral males born before 1880 who carried this lethal gene and survived to ages 62, 68, 72, and 81 years. This suggests that some healthy life-style factors protected these men against the expression of a gene that has led to coronary disease by age 45 years in all of their heterozygous great-grandsons. One heterozygote showed a drop in serum cholesterol level from 426 to 248 mg/dL, with strict adherence to a low-fat diet without drugs. These observations should help encourage physicians to try harder to identify and help such individuals.
P72Inferring systems-level cardiac aging biomarkers through integromics network analysis
Authors: K Dimitrakopoulou, AG Vrahatis, A Bezerianos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

From the perspective of Systems Medicine, cardiac aging is re-addressed through large scale diverse omics investigations and more importantly through their integration. Nowadays, the micronome revolutionized our comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms and established its role as a player of utmost importance in cardiac development, hypertrophy and longevity. A recent study [1] elucidated that the altered expression of miR-34a during aging is highly correlated with the cardiac function decline. Also the study of [2] identified a set of 65 age-dependent miRs and miRs* in the mouse model. Despite the significance of these discoveries, heart aging is a highly complex process that cannot be featured through changes on individual molecular components but rather through the changes on integromics sub-networks. In addition, despite the boom experienced in recent years in the study of gene regulation by the action of miRNAs, the analysis of genome-wide interaction networks among miRNAs and their targets has lagged behind.
The S1P1 receptor-selective agonist CYM-5442 reduces the severity of acute GVHD by inhibiting macrophage recruitment
Authors: Qiao Cheng, Shoubao Ma, Dandan Lin, Yu Mei, Huanle Gong, Lei Lei, Yuanyuan Chen, Ye Zhao, Bo Hu, Yan Wu, Xiao Yu, Lixiang Zhao, Haiyan Liu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Hypocholesterolemia in chronic anemias with increased erythropoietic activity
Authors: Hanna Shalev, Joseph Kapelushnik, Asher Moser, Hilla Knobler, Hannah Tamary
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Hypocholesterolemia of unknown etiology has been previously described in various chronic anemias. Few small studies also suggested that those patients have a lower incidence of atherosclerotic events. The aim of our study was to determine the extent of hypocholesterolemia in various types of anemias. We studied 59 patients with chronic anemias associated with high‐erythropoietic activity (thalassemia intermedia, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, congenital spherocytosis), 8 patients with low‐erythropoietic activity anemias (acquired aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, and Diamond Blackfan anemia), and 20 healthy controls. Mean serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STR), and serum erythropoietin levels were determined in each patient. All patients with chronic anemia and increased erythropoietic activity had hypocholesterolemia, whereas none of those with low erythropoietic activity was hypocholesterolemic. Mean serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly lower in the high‐erythropoietic activity group (80 ± 19 mg/dl; 31 ± 10 mg/dl; 35 ± 14 mg/dl, respectively) compared with the control group ( P &lt; 0.001; 0.001; 0.001, respectively) and the low‐erythropoietic activity group ( P &lt; 0.001; 0.001; 0.01, respectively). Significant inverse correlation ( R 2 = 0.507) was observed between serum cholesterol and STR levels, which in the absence of iron deficiency reflect bone marrow activity. Taken together, our results imply that hypocholesterolemia accompanies anemias with high‐erythropoietic activity. We suggest that the high‐erythropoitic activity‐associated hypocholesterolemia is due to increased cholesterol requirements by the proliferating erythoid cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and the possible clinical consequences of this phenomenon. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New methods used to investigate the control of mucus secretion and ion transport in airways.
Authors: B Davis, J A Nadel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Our group developed two in vivo methods to study secretions from submucosal glands in exposed tracheal epithelium. (1) The exposed mucosal surface was coated with powdered tantalum; accumulated secretions produced elevations (hillocks) in the tantalum layer under which the duct openings were located. The rate of formation of the hillocks was observed through a dissecting microscope, and recorded by television on a video tape recorder. (2) Micropipets were used to collect timed samples from individual gland duct openings. With these techniques, the innervation of the submucosal glands and the autonomic regulation of their secretions were studied. We studied the control of ion movement across tracheal epithelium because active ion transport forms local osmotic gradients across epithelia which could regulate transepithelial water movement. We mounted pieces of the posterior wall of dog trachea in Ussing-type chambers and measured unidirectional fluxes of Cl- and Na+ under short-circuit conditions with 36Cl and 24Na. We found active transport of Cl- toward the lumen and Na+ toward the submucosa. With this technique we investigated the effect of parasympathomimetic drugs on ion movement. With a new in vitro method we studied output of 35S bound to sulfated mucins and movement of ions in cat trachea. We mounted pieces of anterior tracheal wall in Ussing-type chambers, added sodium 35S-sulfate to the submucosal side and monitored secretion of bound 35S in samples from the luminal side after dialysis. The unidirectional fluxes of Cl- and Na+ were measured with 36Cl and 22Na. With this method we examined the effect of alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic agonists on mucin secretion and ion movement. Also with this preparation we studied the relationship between the permeability of the paracellular pathway to 14C-sucrose and the pattern of tight junction strands.
Effect of Third-Party Reimbursement on Use of Services and Indexes of Management Among Indigent Diabetic Patients
Authors: Beatrice J Nordberg, Myra S Barlow, Stuart A Chalew, Robert J McCarter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of third-party reimbursement on the use of services and indexes of diabetes-related health management among inner-city diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adult diabetic patients (n = 158; 67% women, 33% men) from an inner-city diabetes clinic were categorized by level of third-party medical coverage: complete reimbursement for all services (full); partial reimbursement (part); and no reimbursement (none). Patients were followed for 13 mo. Use of billable medical services, diabetes clinic visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions were recorded. Use of a free, day-time diabetes telephone hot line was also documented. Indexes of diabetes-related health management, HbA1, blood pressure, and weight were compared from the beginning and the end of the study. Diabetes complications were scored and tabulated. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that patients with full reimbursement were more likely to use services than patients without reimbursement. When the combined effects of reimbursement status, age, sex, type of diabetes, and diabetes complications on use of services were analyzed together in a multivariate analysis, complications was the best predictor of admissions to the hospital and whether a patient called the hot line. IDDM patients and patients with full reimbursement were most likely to have an emergency room visit. Age was the best predictor of diabetes clinic attendance. No difference was noted in blood pressure or weight among the reimbursement groups at the beginning and end of study. However, the trend was toward (P &amp;lt; 0.05) an increase in HbA1 in the none group. CONCLUSIONS Among inner-city diabetic patients, multiple factors influence use of medical services. Indigent diabetic patients without third-party reimbursement were observed to have a rise in HbA1. These factors should be taken into consideration when planning strategies to prevent diabetes complications and the most effective allocation of health-care resources.
Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic RAC1 mutations in melanoma
Authors: Michael Krauthammer, Yong Kong, Byung Hak Ha, Perry Evans, Antonella Bacchiocchi, Jamie P McCusker, Elaine Cheng, Matthew J Davis, Gerald Goh, Murim Choi, Stephan Ariyan, Deepak Narayan, Ken Dutton-Regester, Ana Capatana, Edna C Holman, Marcus Bosenberg, Mario Sznol, Harriet M Kluger, Douglas E Brash, David F Stern, Miguel A Materin, Roger S Lo, Shrikant Mane, Shuangge Ma, Kenneth K Kidd, Nicholas K Hayward, Richard P Lifton, Joseph Schlessinger, Titus J Boggon, Ruth Halaban
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Differential effect of hydrocortisone on eosinophil and neutrophil proliferation.
Authors: B H Bjornson, J M Harvey, L Rose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Glucocorticosteroid therapy results in an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the number of eosinophils. Utilizing the double layer soft agar technique, we examined the effect of physiologic to pharmacologic concentrations of hydrocortisone on the proliferation of human neutrophil progenitors and eosinophil progenitors from peripheral blood and bone marrow. When peripheral blood cultures were studied, eosinophil proliferation was inhibited in a dose-responsive fashion with 10(-8) - 10(-5) M hydrocortisone succinate, and comprised 49 +/- 4% of the colonies in control cultures and only 4 +/- 1% (P less than 0.01) at pharmacologic levels of hydrocortisone (10(-5) M). The number of neutrophil colonies, on the other hand, increased by 31% when 10(-5) M hydrocortisone was added to cultures. In order for corticosteroids to exert this effect, it was necessary to add them within 24 h of the initiation of culture. The effect of hydrocortisone on granulocyte proliferation could not be blocked by progesterone, a structurally analogous steroid. To determine whether hydrocortisone was acting directly on the progenitor cell or via an effector cell, its effect on modulating cell populations and stimulating-factor production was studied. Removal of E-rosetting cells and/or adherent cells did not affect the inhibition of eosinophil colony growth or the enhancement of neutrophil colony growth. Furthermore, addition of the potent inhibitor of T cell function, cyclosporin A, failed to affect eosinophil colony frequency, suggesting that inhibition of T cell function was an unlikely explanation for the observed hydrocortisone effect. Leukocyte conditioned media (LCM), derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with hydrocortisone, was devoid of both neutrophil and eosinophil colony-stimulating activity, whereas a control LCM stimulated both neutrophil and eosinophil proliferation. The data suggest that the observed hydrocortisone effect on granulocyte colony formation is unlikely to be mediated by an intermediary, and that hydrocortisone acts directly on progenitor cells.