tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracoronary administration of the 1-receptor agonist, methoxamine, does not reproduce the infarct-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning in dogs
Authors: L. Sebbag, M. Katsuragawa, S. Verbinski, R. B. Jennings, K. A. Reimer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been hypothesized to occur through one or more signalling mechanisms which activate protein kinase C. Stimulation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors by catecholamines released during the preconditioning episodes of ischemia is one of these putative signalling mechanisms.To determine whether stimulation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors before an ischemic challenge can mimic preconditioning, anesthetized dogs were treated with 4 intracoronary infusions of methoxamine HCl (10 micrograms/kg/min; n = 8), each 5 min in duration and followed by 5 min of washout. Control dogs (n = 10) were given similar infusions of 0.9% NaCl. A third group of dogs was preconditioned with 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia, each followed by 5 min of reperfusion (n = 8). All dogs then underwent 60 min of ischemia (circumflex coronary occlusion) followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Infarct size (expressed as % of area-at-risk) was measured with TTC macrochemistery and analyzed (using analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) with respect to coronary collateral blood flow (measured using radioactive microspheres).Methoxamine markedly increased systemic arterial and left atrial pressures prior to but not during the ischemic challenge. Baseline predictors of infarct size were not different among the groups. Mean infarct size (adjusted from ANCOVA) did not differ between control and methoxamine-treated groups, 28.3 +/- 2.8% vs. 29.7 +/- 3.2%, respectively (P = NS), but was only 12.7 +/- 3.2% in the preconditioned group (P < 0.01 vs. control and methoxamine).A series of methoxamine infusions before an ischemic challenge did not affect infarct size. Thus, stimulation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors alone is insufficient to mimic the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in this canine model.
Lack of Correlation between Skin Reactivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene and Croton Oil in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Jack A. Roth, Frederick R. Eilber, J. Anne Nizze, Donald L. Morton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

AN intact cellular immune response is a favorable prognostic sign in patients with cancer. Depressed cellular immunity usually indicates a poor prognosis. One manifestation associated with depressed cellular immunity in such patients is their inability to become sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a contact allergen.1 2 3 4 5 It has been shown that response to DNCB often correlates with the clinical course in such patients who have been operated on.2 , 3 Furthermore, a relation between DNCB reactivity and stage of disease has been demonstrated.1 , 4 DNCB sensitization as a test for intact cellular immunity offers several advantages: very few patients with cancer have been exposed to . . .
TRANSIENT ALTERATION IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DURING AN ATTACK OF ANGINA PECTORIS TERMINATED BY THE INHALATION OF AMYL NITRITE
Authors: Henry B. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A man, aged 42, came to the Medical Rest Rooms in April, 1931, complaining of "neuritis" in the left wrist and arm. One week before, while on the train, he had been conscious of an occasional sharp twinge in the left wrist. During the journey these twinges occurred several times during the day, and it was noticed that with successive attacks they radiated farther up the ulnar side of the arm until, on the day prior to examination, one or two reached the precordium accompanied by a band of constriction about the midchest. The past history was unproductive save for a poorly defined reference to several sensations of "smothering" during exertion two years before. Periodic examinations had revealed nothing. The patient was somewhat obese, but apparently in excellent health. No cardiovascular changes were found except slight sclerosis of the brachial, radial and retinal arteries, and tactile hyperesthesia of the skin
Pyoderma gangrenosum in ulcerative colitis: considerations for an early diagnosis
Authors: K I Papageorgiou, R G Mathew, M G Kaniorou-Larai, A Yiakoumetis
Journal: BMJ (2005)

and the prognosis for resolution of acute attack is excellent. 4[9][10][11] Although it is of prime importance to exclude implant sepsis, diagnosis of acute crystal arthritis must be excluded as this condition can be treated by simple pharmacological means.Preceding episodes of gout or pseudogout or predisposing medical conditions should raise the possibility of crystal induced arthritis.Physical examination should include a detailed survey to exclude other involved joints.Immediate joint aspiration is indicated in all cases of suspected infected joint arthroplasty and should be among the first diagnostic tests done. 12 13 14The aspirate should routinely be sent for Gram stain analysis; bacterial and fungal cultures; white cell count and differential; and biochemical and crystal analyses. 15Synovial fluid crystal analysis, Gram stain, and appropriate cultures are the only reliable means of distinguishing between the acute crystal and septic arthritis.Failure or delay in recognising acute gout or pseudogout can lead to inappropriate treatments, such as the unnecessary use of antibiotics, surgical arthrotomy, or removal of the implant.Acute crystal arthritis should be excluded by polarising light microscopy of synovial fluid aspirate before removing implant components.
An unexpected reaction towards disodium cromoglycate
Authors: I. J. Kjørven Skarpaas
Journal: Allergy (1987)

In recent years disodium cromoglycate has become a useful tool in handling allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. Very few side effects have been reported, and the drug's working mechanism is thought to be its “mast cell stabilizing” effect. A patient with an immediate type I reaction to DSCG is reported on.
Abstract 909: ErbB-2 restricts Mib-1 and Jagged-1 association to inhibit Notch-1 activation in ErbB-2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Kinnari Pandya, Clodia Osipo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have recently published that Notch could be an important target in recurrent, or possibly trastuzumab resistant, ErbB-2-positive breast cancer to prevent disease progression. Coincidentally, co-overexpression of Notch-1 ligand, Jagged-1, in breast cancer have been associated with the poorest overall survival. Preliminary results from our lab demonstrated that trastuzumab or lapatinib treatment of SKBr3 cells increased Jagged-1 protein expression by Flow Cytometry. Cell surface biotinylation assays showed that Jagged-1 was enriched on the cell surface in response to trastuzumab treatment and this was mimicked by expression of K44A Dynamin. The precise role of Jagged-1 in ErbB-2-mediated inhibition of Notch-1 is not yet known. The results showed that a combined inhibition of Jagged-1 by siRNA and ErbB-2 by trastuzumab, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in 95% of SKBR3 cells. Thus, we asked what is the molecular mechanism by which ErbB-2 inhibits Notch activity. Specifically, ErbB-2 inhibited the association of Mib1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is necessary for Notch activation, with Jagged-1 and this was reversed in response to trastuzumab or lapatanib. Recent evidence suggests that ErbB-2 activates PKC∈ and that PKC∈ is critical for ErbB-2-mediated cancer cell invasion. We observed that ErbB-2 increased the amount of PKC∈ found in a complex with Jagged-1. This result suggests that PKC may phosphorylate Jagged-1 or other associated proteins to restrict Jagged-1/Mib1 interaction and thus restrict Notch activation. Interestingly, we identified a substrate of PKC∈ kinase activity, approximately 100 kDa, which was in a complex with Jagged-1 in response to lapatinib treatment. Taken together, these results suggest a possible the role for PKC∈ in ErbB-2-mediated suppression of Notch-1 activity by inhibiting the ability of Jagged-1 to interact with Mib-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 909. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-909
Enlargement of Bronchial Glands with Relation to Whooping-Cough
Authors: T. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1879)

can be brought about by any means, it is worth our efforts as physicians.For the damaged mechanism, if it cannot be repaired, can, to a certain extent, be re-educated; and, by learning to make allowance for certain errors, the nerve-centres may reacquire a certain amount of the lost power of co-ordination.Thus we may have apparent, but only apparent, improvement.Our patient Ritchie, by finding that his forefinger, when he tried to touch his nose, went two inches beyond it, learned by practice to correct this error, and could after a time, with his eyes shut, hit the mark much better.In the earlier stages of the disease, when there is reason to believe that there is a good deal of congestion or even of inflammation, ergot of rye in full doses-a drachm of the liquid extract three times a day- or bromide of potassium or sodium, may be given.Under this treatment, Joseph Hunter, who was in Ward 7 in I877, and whose case, although not severe, was an unquestionable one and in the early stage, improved greatly.The electric-like pains disappeared, and he recovered the power, which he had lost, of standing with his heels and toes together and his eyes closed, although he swayed from side to side a good deal.Nitrate of silver in quarter-grain doses has been extolled by many authorities, and my experience of it has been satisfactory.The constant galvanic current to the spine and nerves is often useful.The actual cautery is most worthy of trial, having been employed in some cases with encouraging results.The electric-like pains are best treated by means of the subcutaneous injection of morphia.Where a syphilitic history is present, the prognosis is more hopeful, and bichloride of mercury with iodide of potassium should be given.Some of the facts brought out in these cases seem to indicate that an mportant part of treatment may consist in stimulating the anaesthetic areas.However, I hope to be able to speak more fully and decidedly on this subject in a future lecture.
Rationing Medical Progress
Authors: D Callahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We are engaged in a great struggle to reform the American health care system, a system addicted to increasing costs and decreasing equity. The first tactic of someone suffering from addictive behavior is twofold: to try to remove the bad habit with the least possible disruption to the ordinary way of life, and to try to change the undesirable behavior in a painless, incremental way.This tactic rarely works, as any reformed smoker or alcoholic can testify. The price of real change is harsher self-examination and the revision of basic values and habits. With the health care crisis, we have . . .
Wrapper, a Novel Member of the Ig Superfamily, Is Expressed by Midline Glia and Is Required for Them to Ensheath Commissural Axons in Drosophila
Authors: Jasprina N Noordermeer, Casey C Kopczynski, Richard D Fetter, Kimberly S Bland, Wei-Yu Chen, Corey S Goodman
Journal: Neuron (1998)
Dark Plaques in Nether Regions
Authors: John M. Burket
Journal: JAMA (1974)

UNDER the title "Multicentric Pigmented Bowen's Disease of the Groin," Lloyd<sup>1</sup>reported a case of squamous cell carcinoma in situ in a 22-year-old Yemenite man. The eruption consisted of jet-black plaques on either side of the scrotum and inner aspects of the thighs. The plaques were sharply demarcated, with the larger lesions coalescing and showing a velvety surface. Matta and Kaidbey<sup>2</sup>described a 32-year-old Lebanese man who had two brownish-black pruritic plaques of the prepuce. Both patients had biopsy specimens that showed Bowen disease, with an increased amount of epidermal and dermal pigment. I report two cases of similar multicentric eruptions in female patients. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 37-year-old white woman had a leukoplakic area of the vulva. Bowen disease was diagnosed on biopsy. A radical vulvectomy and an inguinal and iliac lymphadenectomy were performed. The pathologic report was carcinoma in situ without invasion and without
Abstract 4122: Multi-center validation of a lymph node metastasis gene-expression signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Ernst-Jan M. Speel, Frank K.J. Leusink, Sander R. van Hooff, J Alain Kummer, Paul J. van Diest, Ronald Koole, Paul Roepman, Michiel W.M. van den Brekel, Thijs A. Merkx, Jeroen C. Jansen, Ed M.D. Schuuring, Ruud H. Brakenhoff, Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong, Piet J. Slootweg, Frank C.P. Holstege, Robert P. Takes
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The inability of current diagnostic tools to detect small lymph node metastases in patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) leads to a rate of undetected metastases that is too high to refrain from elective neck treatment, resulting in overtreatment. The aim of this study is validation of a gene expression signature for distinguishing metastasizing from non-metastasizing HNSCC on a large multi-center cohort. Material and methods: Samples of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer were collected from all head and neck oncological centers in the Netherlands. Gene expression was analyzed with a DNA microarray representing 696 previously reported predictive genes. The negative predictive value (NPV) was assessed on the whole cohort (n=222), on a subset including only clinically node negative (cN0) tumors (n=143) and on the most relevant subset that included T1 and T2, cN0 oral cavity tumors (n=101). Histological examination was used as gold standard for nodal status. Results: Overall, the NPV of the signature was 72 %. The signature performed better on the cN0 subset (NPV 85%) and very well in the clinically most relevant subset of T1 and T2, cN0, oral cavity SCC (NPV 89%). Conclusion: Combining the results of clinical and radiological examination with the gene expression signature decreases the rate of undetected nodal metastasis to 11 % in the relevant group of early stage cancers of the oral cavity. This result should be considered sufficient to refrain from elective neck treatment in these patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4122
A SANATORIUM ROLL OF HONOUR
Authors: N. D. Bardswell
Journal: BMJ (1917)

JO 759 free of pus during tlle attack, because all lhe would void would come from tlle unobstructed riglht ureter.The diagnosis was pleurisy at one time.The kidney and sac were removed, as they were worse than useless.In a ,case in which the kidney seemed worth saving, a plastic operation to remove obstruction would be indicated.Case iI, Pte.C., aged 22 years, had complained for only one week of undue frequency of urination with urgency almost to incontinence, night and day, and a burning sensation down the urethra for a few moments after voiding.He was suffering from a dental abscess as well, and after this was lanced the urinary symptoms diminished.The urine contained pus and staphylococci.',On cystoscopy the mucous membrane of the right ureter was prolapsed, resembling a small pink oblong balloon, at one time tense and globular, at another partially collapsing, somewhat suggestive of the movement of a siug.Fig. 2 illustrates the condition.
Control of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Paul Heller
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The communication on "Health Care Priority and Sickle Cell Anemia" (<b>214:</b>731, 1970) and your editorial in the same issue (p 749) focused on a most important question. On Sept 23, 1970, a workshop on sickle cell anemia was held at the National Institutes of Health in which prominent investigators in the field of the hemoglobinopathies participated. The conclusion was reached that the present state of our knowledge does not yet permit a fully effective therapeutic approach to the problems of sickle cell anemia. Therefore, attempts at public education and prevention of the disease deserve the highest priority in our efforts to control the disease. These efforts must be stimulated and supported by government agencies and private organizations. It is a matter of simple arithmetic that the occurrence of sickle cell anemia could be reduced if every black man and woman knew their hemoglobin type and understood
Retinal-Artery Embolism after Directional Coronary Atherectomy
Authors: M. Alan Dickens, Craig M. Greven, M. Madison Slusher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: According to the National Center for Health Statistics, over 300,000 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties are performed annually in the United States1. Since its approval...
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Is Associated With Diabetic Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Takuya Awata, Tamotsu Neda, Hiroyuki Iizuka, Susumu Kurihara, Tomoko Ohkubo, Nobuki Takata, Masataka Osaki, Masaki Watanabe, Youhei Nakashima, Takahiro Sawa, Kouichi Inukai, Ikuo Inoue, Masayuki Shibuya, Keisuke Mori, Shin Yoneya, Shigehiro Katayama
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We examined the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene polymorphisms to assess its possible association with diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.A total of 226 patients with type 2 diabetes and 186 healthy subjects were studied. Type 2 diabetic patients consisted of 110 patients without retinopathy, 46 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 71 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic macular edema was present in 48 patients. Three polymorphisms of the eNOS gene were determined: T-786C in the promoter region, 27-bp repeat in intron 4, and Glu298Asp in exon 7.Close linkage disequilibrium was observed between the T-786C polymorphism and the 27-bp repeat, as has been previously reported, but Glu298Asp was not in linkage disequilibrium with the other two polymorphisms. The eNOS gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy or with retinopathy severity or type 2 diabetes itself. However, by both association study and multiple logistic regression analysis, the T-786C and 27-bp repeat polymorphisms were significantly associated with a risk of developing macular edema with the -786C allele and the "a" allele increasing the risk.The present study suggests that the eNOS gene is a novel genetic risk factor for diabetic macular edema. The eNOS gene polymorphisms may contribute to the development of macular edema by impairing basal eNOS expression and resulting in the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier.
Physician Scores on a National Clinical Skills Examination as Predictors of Complaints to Medical Regulatory Authorities
Authors: Robyn Tamblyn, Michal Abrahamowicz, Dale Dauphinee, Elizabeth Wenghofer, André Jacques, Daniel Klass, Sydney Smee, David Blackmore, Nancy Winslade, Nadyne Girard, Roxane Du Berger, Ilona Bartman, David L. Buckeridge, James A. Hanley
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Poor patient-physician communication increases the risk of patient complaints and malpractice claims. To address this problem, licensure assessment has been reformed in Canada and the United States, including a national standardized assessment of patient-physician communication and clinical history taking and examination skills.To assess whether patient-physician communication examination scores in the clinical skills examination predicted future complaints in medical practice.Cohort study of all 3424 physicians taking the Medical Council of Canada clinical skills examination between 1993 and 1996 who were licensed to practice in Ontario and/or Quebec. Participants were followed up until 2005, including the first 2 to 12 years of practice.Patient complaints against study physicians that were filed with medical regulatory authorities in Ontario or Quebec and retained after investigation. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate the relationship between complaint rate and scores on the clinical skills examination and traditional written examination. Scores are based on a standardized mean (SD) of 500 (100).Overall, 1116 complaints were filed for 3424 physicians, and 696 complaints were retained after investigation. Of the physicians, 17.1% had at least 1 retained complaint, of which 81.9% were for communication or quality-of-care problems. Patient-physician communication scores for study physicians ranged from 31 to 723 (mean [SD], 510.9 [91.1]). A 2-SD decrease in communication score was associated with 1.17 more retained complaints per 100 physicians per year (relative risk [RR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.61) and 1.20 more communication complaints per 100 practice-years (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.77). After adjusting for the predictive ability of the clinical decision-making score in the traditional written examination, the patient-physician communication score in the clinical skills examination remained significantly predictive of retained complaints (likelihood ratio test, P < .001), with scores in the bottom quartile explaining an additional 9.2% (95% CI, 4.7%-13.1%) of complaints.Scores achieved in patient-physician communication and clinical decision making on a national licensing examination predicted complaints to medical regulatory authorities.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY BETWEEN SIROLIMUS PACLITAXEL EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AND SEQUENT™ PLEASE A DRUG-ELUTING BALLOON ON THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE IN-STENT RESTENOSIS AFTER BARE METAL STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo H. Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a "no-salt" culture.
Authors: W J Oliver, E L Cohen, J V Neel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The Yanomamo Indians are an unacculturated tribe inhabiting the tropical equatorial rain forest of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela who do not use salt in their diet. The group therefore presented an unusual opportunity to study the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism in a culture with life-long extreme restriction of dietary sodium, with parallel observations on blood pressure. Blood pressures increased from the first to second decade but, in constrast to civilized populations, do not systematically increase during subsequent years of life. In twenty-four hour urine collections on adult male Indians, excretion of sodium averaged only 1 plus or minus 1.5 (SD) mEq. Simultaneous plasma renin activities were elevated and comparable to those of civilized subjects placed for brief periods on 10 mEq sodium diets. Similarly, excretion rates of aldosterone equaled those of acculturated subjects on low sodium diets. The findings suggest that the hormonal adjustments to life-long low sodium intakes are similar to those achieved in acute sodium restriction of civilized man. Parenthetically, these elevated levels of aldosterone and renin were probably the norm for man during much of human evolution and suggest that the values observed in civilized controls are depressed by an excessive salt intake in contemporary diets.
Endpoints in Phase II Trials for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Yingwei Qi, Shauna L. Hillman, Katie L. Allen Ziegler, Nicholas F. Reuter, Kendrith M. Rowland, Steven A. Kuross, Randolph S. Marks, Steven E. Schild, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)