tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re: Determinants of BRAF Mutations in Primary Melanomas
Authors: M. P. Purdue
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

I read with interest the paper by Maldonado et al. ( 1 ) investigating the distribution of BRAF mutations across different melanoma types. One of the questions addressed by the authors was whether cutaneous melanomas with a BRAF mutation arose from preexisting melanocytic nevi. In an analysis of 46 lesions, they found melanomas with an associated nevus to have only a slightly higher prevalence of BRAF mutation (55%; n = 11) than did melanomas exhibiting no evidence of nevus (43%; n = 35); the difference was not statistically signifi cant. On the basis of these fi ndings, the authors concluded that not all melanomas with an associated nevus may arise from melanocytes with BRAF mutations. When one is assessing melanomas for histologic evidence of a preexisting nevus, thick tumors are not necessarily informative, given the possibility that evidence of a preexisting nevus may have been obliterated by the growing tumor ( 2 ) . The misclassifi cation of tumors with respect to evidence of a preexisting nevus would be expected to attenuate or obscure actual differences in tumor characteristics between melanomas that arise from a precursor nevus and melanomas that arise de novo. The level of misclassifi cation in the study of Maldonado et al. may be fairly high, given that the cutaneous melanomas included in their analysis were relatively thick (median thickness = 3.6 mm; range = 1 – 15 mm). It would be informative if the authors addressed this issue by restricting their analytic sample to thinner melanomas to minimize the effects of such misclassifi cation. In addition, it may be advisable to exclude acral lentiginous melanomas from the analysis, because the etiology of this tumor subtype appears to be quite different from that of other cutaneous melanomas ( 3 ) .
Comparison of In-line Skating Injuries With Rollerskating and Skateboarding Injuries
Authors: R A Schieber, C M Branche-Dorsey, G W Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To describe the estimated relative frequency, types of injuries, and demographic features of people injured while in-line skating, rollerskating, and skateboarding in the United States.Case series.Emergency department visits to hospitals participating in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System.All persons treated for a product-related injury involving in-line skates, rollerskates, or a skateboard between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1993.Approximately 30,863 persons (95% confidence interval, 23,073 to 38,653) were treated for in-line skating injuries during the study period. For every in-line skating injury, approximately 3.3 rollerskating and 1.2 skateboarding injuries occurred (P < .0001). The median age of those injured in these three sports was 15, 12, and 13 years, respectively (P < .0001). Sixty-three percent of injured in-line skaters had a musculoskeletal injury, including 37% with a wrist injury, of which two thirds were fractures and/or dislocations. Five percent of all injured in-line skaters had head injury and 3.5% of the injured in-line skaters required hospitalization.In-line skating and skateboarding injuries resulted in a similar number of emergency department visits, but fewer than that for rollerskating injuries. Because wrist fractures were the most common type of injury in all three sports, wrist protection is needed. Head protection by helmets is recommended.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapeutic Abortion
Authors: John W. Littlefield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

GENETICISTS are now able to make exact prenatal diagnoses for several inherited disorders, instead of merely advising parents of the approximate risk that they will have a defective child. The technic responsible for this more satisfying and tangible counseling is exemplified in the article on the prenatal diagnosis of Hurler's and Hunter's syndromes by Fratantoni and his associates in this issue of the Journal. In essence fetal cells desquamated into the amniotic fluid are grown in culture to preview the chromosomes and enzymes of the child. Amniocentesis at 16 weeks' gestation has low morbidity for fetus or mother,1 and . . .
A Peer-Based Assistance Program for Officers With the New York City Police Department: Report of the Effects of Sept. 11, 2001
Authors: Frank G. Dowling, Gene Moynihan, Bill Genet, Jonathan Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Few data on stress symptoms related to the World Trade Center disaster in law enforcement personnel have been reported. Most New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers had significant exposure to the events of Sept. 11, 2001. Approximately 5,000 officers responded within the first 2 days, and more than 25,000 officers worked at ground zero, the morgues, or the Staten Island landfill. Because the police are the first line of defense against terrorist attacks, it is imperative that they maintain optimal health and functioning. Concern for the long-term effects from traumatic exposure is warranted. In partnership with Project Liberty, peer officers and clinicians from the Police Organization Providing Peer Assistance performed outreach, support work, and screening for stress symptoms related to the disaster in the NYPD from December 2002 until December 2003. Psychological issues in law enforcement personnel, a description of the outreach program, and data from these screenings are presented.
Peritonitis due to Streptococcus viridans in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: K Kiddy, P P Brown, J Michael, D Adu
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Air in the bones: multifocal anaerobic osteomyelitis associated with oat cell carcinoma Under 2",, of cases of osteomyelitis are due to anaerobes.'We report a case of multifocal anaerobic osteomyelitis complicating widespread bone metastases from an oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Case reportA 60 year old white man was admitted with low back pain, 10 kg weight loss, and bilateral leg oedema.He was a heavy smoker and drinker.He was afebrile with signs of chronic alcoholism and bilateral leg oedema.Oral hygiene was poor.His liver was firm and enlarged.His lumbar vertebrae and pelvic bones were painful on percussion.White cell count was 22-3x 109/ (68°,0 segmented).A chest x ray film showed a 2 cm nodule.Computed tomography showed bilateral abscesses along the psoas and the iliac muscles and gas in the pelvic bones, T5, T6, LI, L4, L5, and the spinal canal (figure).Areas of osteolysis as well as gas were detected on x ray films Computed tomogram of L1, showing gas bubbles wvithin vertebral body, spinal canal, and psoas muscles (vertical arrows); psoas abscesses are seen along lateral aspect of vertebral body (horizontal arrow).of the thoracic and lumbar spine and the pelvic bones.Metastases were seen in the liver.Bone marrow aspirate from the iliac crest was foul smelling, and Gram staining showed abundant Gram positive cocci.The bone marrow and eight blood cultures were positive for Peptococcuts indolicts.Intravenous penicillin wvas started.He died on the 34th hospital day.
Long‐term outcome after allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Jean El‐Cheikh, Roberto Crocchiolo, Sabine Furst, Anne‐Marie Stoppa, Patrick Ladaique, Catherine Faucher, Boris Calmels, Claude Lemarie, Jean‐Marc Schiano De Colella, Angela Granata, Diane Coso, Reda Bouabdallah, Christian Chabannon, Didier Blaise
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

This study examines the long‐term outcomes of a cohort of patients with myeloma who were treated with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens after a minimum follow‐up of 5 years at our centre. A total of 53 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (Allo‐SCT) between January 2000 and January 2007 were identified. The median follow‐up of living patients was 84 months (51–141). The median age of the MM patients was 50 (28–70) years. Fifty‐one patients (96%) received a transplant from a sibling donor. The median time between diagnosis and Allo‐SCT was 34 months (6–161), and the median time between auto‐SCT and Allo‐SCT was 10 months (1–89). Fifty‐one patients (96%) received at least one auto‐SCT; 24 patients (45%) received a tandem auto‐Allo‐SCT. At last follow‐up, 21 patients (40%) are alive &gt; 5 years post RIC Allo‐SCT. At last follow‐up, 14 (26%) are in first complete remission (CR), and four patients (8%) in second CR after donor lymphocyte infusion or re‐induction with one of the new anti‐myeloma drugs (bortezomib or lenalidomide) after Allo‐SCT. Eight patients (38%) among these long survivors received one of these new drugs as induction or relapse treatment before Allo‐SCT. Disease status and occurrence of cGvHD were significantly associated with progression‐free survival (PFS); hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62 (0.30–1.29, P = 0.20). Acute GvHD was correlated with higher transplant‐related mortality; HR = 4.19 (1.05–16.77, P = 0.04). No variables were associated with overall survival (OS). In conclusion, we observe that long‐term disease control can be expected in a subset of MM patients undergoing RIC Allo‐SCT. After 10 years, the OS and PFS were 32% and 24%, respectively. The PFS curve after Allo‐SCT stabilizes in time with a plateau after 6 years post Allo‐SCT. Am. J. Hematol. 88:370–374, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent Hyperkalaemia due to Selective Aldosterone Deficiency: Correction by Angiotensin Infusion
Authors: J. J. Brown, R. H. Chinn, R. Fraser, A. F. Lever, J. J. Morton, J. I. S. Robertson, M. Tree, M. A. Waite, D. M. Park
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A patient with recurrent weakness and blurring of consciousness associated with hyperkalaemia due to aldosterone deficiency is reported. The plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were low and did not increase during sodium deprivation. Blood angiotensin I was also low while renin-substrate concentration was normal. Infusion of angiotensin produced a distinct rise in plasma aldosterone. The patient was treated successfully with fludrocortisol.The results support the concept that the renin-angiotensin system is an important regulator of aldosterone secretion and that in the syndrome of acquired selective hypoaldosteronism the primary abnormality may be a deficiency of renin. It is suggested that a selective lack of aldosterone should be considered in all cases of otherwise unexplained hyperkalaemia.
Qualitative Platelet Abnormalities in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Robert Clancy, Elizabeth Jenkins, Barry Firkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Although idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is generally believed to be a purely quantitative platelet disorder with normal platelet function, we observed impaired aggregation of platelets in nine of 11 patients with chronic ITP. The abnormalities were more severe in four patients with incomplete hematologic remission than in the seven patients in complete remissions. In three patients with intermittent ITP, platelet aggregation was normal. Globulin fractions from patients with both chronic and intermittent ITP inhibited aggregation of normal platelet-rich plasma with adenosine diphosphate and collagen. The globulin inhibitor of aggregation had characteristics of anti-platelet antibody. The functional platelet defects described may contribute to impaired hemostasis in ITP.
Treatment of Male Infertility
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The study of male infertility is a relatively new science. The editors of this book have brought together a group of international scientists who have all contributed to the field of andrology. Bain, in his introduction, alludes to the difficulty of defining the infertile male—the variations of count, morphology, and motility from one study to another—but does not have a chapter that specifically addresses this issue. With such a respected group of contributors, this book could have led the way in finally defining infertility. The reader is still left wondering whether 20 million sperm per cubic centimeter or 40 million sperm per cubic centimeter is the lower limit of normal. Today, in the United States, most physicians treating the infertile man have agreed that less than 20 million sperm per cubic centimeter in a couple trying for pregnancy for more than one year usually points to a male factor being
Cardioprotective effects of heparin or N-acetylheparin in an in vivo model of myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury
Authors: S. C Black, M. R Gralinski, G. S Friedrichs, K. S Kilgore, E. M Driscoll, B. R Lucchesi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Cardioprotective effects of heparin or N-acetylheparin in an in vivo model of myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury Get access Shawn C Black, Shawn C Black The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R Gralinski, Michael R Gralinski The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory S Friedrichs, Gregory S Friedrichs The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth S Kilgore, Kenneth S Kilgore The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward M Driscoll, Edward M Driscoll The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benedict R Lucchesi Benedict R Lucchesi * The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 1301 C Medical Science Research Building III, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0623, USA *Correspondence to Dr Lucchesi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 5, May 1995, Pages 629–636, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88632-9 Published: 01 May 1995 Article history Received: 07 July 1994 Accepted: 01 December 1994 Published: 01 May 1995
Association of the Ala54-thr Polymorphism in the Intestinal Fatty Acid–Binding Protein With 2-h Postchallenge Insulin Levels in the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Jennifer R. Galluzzi, L. Adrienne Cupples, James B. Meigs, Peter W.F. Wilson, Ernst J. Schaefer, Jose M. Ordovas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association of variants of the intestinal fatty acid–binding protein gene (FABP2) with fasting and postchallenge glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in a separate sample of men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects were participants in the Framingham Offspring Study, a long-term community-based prospective observational study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The study sample consisted of 762 men and 922 women. RESULTS—In women, carriers of the thr54 allele had significantly higher 2-h postchallenge insulin levels than noncarriers (104.4 ± 73.0 vs. 93.4 ± 61.5 μU/ml; P = 0.0139). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for familial relationship, age, BMI, triglycerides, APOE genotype, smoking, alcohol intake, the use of β-blockers, menopausal status, and estrogen therapy. No such significant association was observed in men. In both men and women, there were no statistical associations between the FABP2 polymorphism and BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2-h postchallenge glucose levels, HbA1c, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that the FABP2 thr54 allele may have a minor contribution to the insulin resistance syndrome in a white general population.
Tumor Perfusion Using First-Pass F-18 FDG PET Images
Authors: Jeroen Mertens, Hamphrey Ham, Astrid De Zutter, Anaïs Depicker, Christophe Van de Wiele, Peter Smeets, Ingeborg Goethals
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Many reports in the literature have focused on FDG PET imaging at conventional (60 minutes after injection) or delayed (several hours after injection) intervals, which exploits increased glycolysis in tumors for diagnosis. However, in rapidly growing tumors, accelerated glycolysis is, among other factors, mediated by hypoxia and poor perfusion. Interestingly, first-pass (0-2 minutes after injection) FDG PET images were shown to provide an index of perfusion. Here, we illustrate that tracer uptake by various (parts of) tumors is discrepant between first-pass and conventional PET images, probably reflecting the direct control of glucose transporter overexpression by hypoxia, resulting from poor perfusion (Warburg's hypothesis).
FACTS AND FALLACIES CONCERNING FOREIGN PROTEIN AND VACCINE THERAPY
Authors: ERNEST E. IRONS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Methods of treatment of disease, like styles and fabrics of dress, change from year to year and from decade to decade, and in both even a brief historical review will demonstrate a continued repetition of older practices somewhat modified to meet new conditions and modes. In matters of dress, which vary from long to short and back again, the original object of clothing to protect the body from cold and injury seems at times to be lost sight of, and in medicine newly observed or striking effects lead to the revival or popularization of remedies without due regard to ultimate results, on the assumption that these effects are necessarily beneficial to the patient. The occurrence of the changes is evident; their value to the patient requires careful consideration. The ease of use of the hypodermic needle which makes possible the parenteral introduction of proteins into the body has led to
Quantitative cineangiographic analysis of ventricular volume and mass in patients with single ventricle: relation to ventricular morphologies.
Authors: T Sano, M Ogawa, H Yabuuchi, H Matsuda, S Nakano, Y Shimazaki, K Taniguchi, J Arisawa, H Hirose, Y Kawashima
Journal: Circulation (1988)

With the use of biplane selective ventriculography, the ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and ventricular mass were evaluated in 28 patients with a single ventricle, and those with the left ventricular type (LV type, 12 patients) and right ventricular type (RV type, 16 patients) were compared. There were no significant differences in terms of age, hemoglobin, systemic oxygen saturation, or pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio in the two groups. No patients with atrioventricular valve regurgitation were included. The ventricular cavity volume was calculated by the area-length method. The ventricular mass volume was determined as the shell volume created by subtracting the ventricular cavity volume from the total ventricular volume calculated by adding the free wall thickness to the chamber dimensions. The ventricular mass volume was converted to mass by multiplying by the gravity of the heart muscle. There was no significant difference between patients with the LV type and RV type of single ventricle with respect to the end-diastolic ventricular volume (188 +/- 53 and 179 +/- 61 ml/m2 in LV and RV types, respectively), end-systolic volume (88 +/- 31 and 84 +/- 27 ml/m2), or ejection fraction (0.54 +/- 0.06 and 0.52 +/- 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
COMBINED ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL FACTORS FOR THE RISK STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: THE LOGISTIC CLINICAL SYNTAX SCORE
Authors: Vasim Farooq, Yvonne Vergouwe, Lorenz Raber, Pascal Vrancx, Hector Garcia, Salvatore Brugaletta, A. Kappetein, Marie-ang&egrave;le Morel, Ton de Vries, Michael Swart, Keith Dawkins, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Windecker, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Coexistence of Cerebral Infarct and Arterovenous Malformation Demonstrated by Tc-99m HMPAO and Tc-99m RBC SPECT Imaging
Authors: ADRIANA GINI, RICHARD A. HOLMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 67-year-old white man with an old right hemispheric stroke presented with TIA-like symptoms and was imaged with Tc-99m HMPAO. Findings on the initial perfusion prompted a Tc-99m RBC image that demonstrated a large arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Analysis of the two procedures elucitated the pathophysiology of the patient's symptoms.
A Pharmacokinetic Model of a Tissue Implantable Insulin Sensor
Authors: Gili Bisker, Nicole M. Iverson, Jiyoung Ahn, Michael S. Strano
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

While implantable sensors such as the continuous glucose monitoring system have been widely studied, both experimentally and mathematically, relatively little attention has been applied to the potential of insulin sensors. Such sensors can provide feedback control for insulin infusion systems and pumps and provide platforms for the monitoring of other biomarkers in vivo. In this work, the first pharmacokinetic model of an affinity sensor is developed for insulin operating subcutaneously in the limit of where mass transfer across biological membranes reaches a steady state. Using a physiological, compartmental model for glucose, insulin, and glucagon metabolism, the maximum sensor response and its delay time relative to plasma insulin concentration, are calculated based on sensor geometry, placement, and insulin binding parameters for a sensor localized within adipose tissue. A design relation is derived linking sensor dynamics to insulin time lag and placement within human tissue. The model should find utility in understanding dynamic insulin responses and forms the basis of model predictive control algorithms that incorporate sensor dynamics.
Cases of Puerperal Convulsions Treated with and without Bleeding
Authors: R. Prosser
Journal: BMJ (1863)

of the longitudinal nerve-fibres, involves the absorption of the nervous matter, and the resulting iniduiration is called sclerosis.A very remarkable example of paralysis from this cause is recorded by MI.Portal.(Cours d'An- atomie MlRdicale, tome -4, pp.110-17.)The above, together witlh two or three other cases of induration of the spinal marrow, are contained in Al.