tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lecture on the Use of the Clinical Thermometer
Authors: J. Finlayson
Journal: BMJ (1874)

The question that arises with regard to the present case (that of the child) is, whetlher it is a case of tubercular meningitis, the tubercular cachexia arisilng out of the malnutrition resulting from the syphilitic taiint, or wAhether it is possibly a syphilitic deposit in the brain, setting up the inflammiiationi in the eye an(d the other symptoms.Mr. Power said, with reference to the patch on the retina of the left eye, that it was more like onie arising from syphilis than tubercle; whereas Dr. West and D)r.Dickinson said( that they ha(l never known true syphilitic deposit in the brain in so young a chil(l.If it were ordinary tubercular mening- itis, the chil(l ouglht to have died in a few weeks, instead of which, by a persistenit course of treatment, eminently antisyphilitic, the progress of the case has been favourable as far as general healtlh is concerned, thou,gh with the result of clamage to the eye.I have only to add to these comments by Dr. Heywood Smith, that they have mlly enitire concurrence.The precedinlg case shows that mening- itis may be set ul) in clhildreni by old-standing syphilitic disease of the braini, anid removes the oIbjection which prevented Drs.West and Dickinson from accepting this view wlhen advanced by Dr. Smith.As Mr. Power states, imioreover, the r-etino-choroiditis observed is sugges- tive of syphilis, and is not the kind of optic change to be expected as a result of tubercular meninigitis, namely, optic isch&emia or neturitis.CASE III.A child, aged IO years, was brought to me in MIarch I873.She had the (depressecl nose and square head of congenital syphilis, andl ha(l nio cenitr;al inicisors in the upper jaw.She wvas the first child by a seconid husbanid of a womiian w%Nho had had eleveni children by her first husbanid, not one of wA-hicll ha(l reachedI the age of three months, anld -mllost of themii hadl been born (lead or died soon after birth.The mother ha(l never been well, but had had nio distinct syphilitic symptoms.This child wsas suffering from slight hemiplegia, most evident in the arm.It w,vas the third attack, and ha(l come on suddenly with agitation of the armi, as ha(l the two previous attacks ; and, as in them, recovery was slowly takinlg place.I have not seen the case since.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Deep Venous Thrombosis-Reply
Authors: Jean-François Vitoux
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Faivre et al for their interesting comments. The route of administration of heparin therapy is still a matter of debate: Hull et al<sup>1</sup>found that the subcutaneous route was less efficient than the intravenous route. The aim of our study was to test the possibility of using LMWH in long-term treatment (and not in the acute phase). We have demonstrated that this treatment is safe and practical: it can be selfinjected and it yields stable biologic activities. The mean phlebographic score from individual score values obtained in our ten patients after a standard initial regimen with intravenous heparin was in good accordance with previously published data.<sup>2</sup>The goal of the anticoagulant treatment after the acute phase of DVT is not to achieve significant thrombolysis but to prevent recurrences of DVT and pulmonary embolism. This result was obtained in nine of our ten patients treated
Textbooks of Gastroenterology: A Broad View
Authors: C. Mel Wilcox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine1 January 1995Textbooks of Gastroenterology: A Broad ViewC. Mel WilcoxC. Mel WilcoxFrom Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The first major gastroenterology textbook was published in 1946 by Henry Bockus. During the ensuing four decades, this text blossomed to become a multiauthor, multivolume encyclopedia; the next edition will appear later this year. In 1970, a single-author work by Howard Spiro appeared; this was written specifically for the practicing gastroenterologist. Three years later, the first edition of Sleisenger and Fordtran's Textbook of Gastrointestinal Disease was published. In contrast to Spiro's text, this multiauthor endeavor reviewed not only clinical gastroenterology but physiology and pathophysiology as well, and it quickly became the standard with which other texts have been compared.During ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.Corresponding Author: Dr. Wilcox, MD, Emory University School of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, 69 Butler Street, Atlanta, GA 30303. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 75-77 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Serological Tests for Syphilis in Rape Cases
Authors: Bernard Pasternack
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  If the initial VDRL is non-reactive and then becomes reactive within the next several weeks, it dates the time of the infection to the time of rape, or at least approximately to that time. If the first VDRL is done several weeks after contact, and it is reactive at that time, it is difficult to know when the infection was acquired. It might mean an infection in the more remote past before the rape.
Portal hemodynamics during nitroglycerin administration in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Nitroglycerin is a potent venous dilator and a mild arterial vasodilator that has been shown to improve the hemodynamic response to vasopressin in portal hypertensive patients and to decrease portal pressure in experimental animals. In order to determine the effect of nitroglycerin on portal venous hemodynamics, we studied 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis before and during the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 and 0.6 mg). The hepatic venous pressure gradient (which was obtained by subtracting the free hepatic venous pressure from the wedged hepatic venous pressure) decreased from 17.9 ± 6.5 mm Hg (mean ± S.D.) to 15.1 ± 5.1 mm Hg (p < 0.02) at the peak of the effect, which occurred from 2 to 12 min after nitroglycerin administration. The mean arterial pressure was reduced from 96 ± 10 mm Hg to a peak decrease of 76 ± 18 mm Hg (p < 0.001). The peak change in the hepatic venous pressure gradient induced by nitroglycerin correlated directly with the peak change in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). There was a moderate increase in heart rate in response to the decrease in blood pressure (73 ± 15 to 83 ± 15 beats per min, p < 0.001). Two of the 11 patients did not reduce their hepatic venous pressure gradient after 0.6 mg nitroglycerin. Reductions in portal pressure were observed with both increases and moderate decreases in azygos blood flow, suggesting that, as observed in experimental animals, the portal-pressure-reducing effect of nitroglycerin could be due to two different and independent mechanisms, a reduction in portal blood flow or portal-collateral vasodilatation.
Phonosurgery: Assessment and Surgical Management of Voice Disorders
Authors: Byron J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Because human communication under-lies and drives almost every aspect of our daily lives, a great premium is placed on vocal quality and clarity of expression. The human larynx is a complex neuromuscular organ that utilizes the power source of expired air from the lungs to generate an acoustical signal that eventually is transformed from voice to human speech, with its subtleties and nuances conveying information and emotion. The past 25 years have been a time of rich collaboration among many basic scientists, speech pathologists, and laryngologists, and this book is a manifestation of the obvious interest in the surgical aspects of voice preservation, restoration, and enhancement. This interest has become widespread during the past five years, a time of proliferation of voice laboratories, clinics, and institutes in the United States and other countries. These facilities have enjoyed the benefits of new technology that is available to provide objective measurements of
Reactive Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Attenuate Systemic Inflammation via sTNFR1
Authors: Hiroshi Yagi, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Nalu Navarro-Alvarez, Yaakov Nahmias, Yoni Goldwasser, Yuko Kitagawa, Arno W Tilles, Ronald G Tompkins, Biju Parekkadan, Martin L Yarmush
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Excessive systemic inflammation following trauma, sepsis, or burn could lead to distant organ damage. The transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to be an effective treatment for several immune disorders by modulating the inflammatory response to injury. We hypothesized that MSCs can dynamically secrete systemic factors that can neutralize the activity of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we showed that cocultured MSCs are able to decrease nuclear factor κ-B (NFκB) activation in target epithelial cells incubated in inflammatory serum conditions. Proteomic screening revealed a responsive secretion of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 (sTNFR1) when MSCs were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat serum. The responsive effect was eliminated when NFκB activation was blocked in MSCs. Intramuscular transplantation of MSCs in LPS-endotoxic rats decreased a panel of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in lung, kidney, and liver when compared to controls. These results suggest that improvements of inflammatory responses in animal models after local transplantation of MSCs are at least, in part, explained by the NFκB-dependent secretion of sTNFR1 by MSCs.
Effect of metabolic clearance rate and hepatic extraction of insulin on hepatic and peripheral contributions to hypoglycemia.
Authors: Z Chap, T Ishida, J Chou, C J Hartley, R M Lewis, M Entman, J B Field
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Effects of alterations in metabolic clearance rates, hepatic extraction, and plasma concentrations of insulin on hepatic and peripheral contribution to hypoglycemia and glucose counterregulation were studied in conscious dogs. Since insulin and sulfated insulin had markedly different metabolic clearance rates (34 +/- 1 vs. 16 +/- 1 ml/kg per min, respectively) and fractional hepatic extraction (42 +/- 1% vs. 15 +/- 2%, respectively), biologically equivalent amounts infused intraportally produced twofold higher hepatic vein and artery sulphated insulin concentrations and concentrations that were 30% higher in the portal vein. This significantly larger arterial/portal concentration ratio (0.67 vs. 0.45, respectively) permitted assessment of differential distribution of insulin on glucose turnover using [3-3H]glucose. Insulin and sulfated insulin (1 and 2 mU/kg per min) caused similar hypoglycemia. While insulin transiently suppressed glucose production and increased glucose disappearance, sulfated insulin had significantly greater effects on glucose disappearance and clearance, without suppression of glucose production. Despite similar hypoglycemia, sulfated insulin caused greater increment in glucagon. 3 mU/kg per min insulin caused more rapid and greater hypoglycemia, greater glucose clearance, and greater glucagon increments without suppression of glucose production, which indicates that with larger doses of insulin counterregulation can absolutely mask the suppressive effect of insulin. The effects of insulin and sulfated insulin were evaluated using euglycemic clamp to eliminate interference from stimulated counterregulation. Sequential infusion of 1 and 2 mU/kg per min of both insulins suppressed endogenous glucose production to 0 at 150 min, which indicates that the apparent lack of a hepatic effect of sulfated insulin during hypoglycemia was masked by greater counterregulation. This greater counterregulation may reflect greater peripheral glucose clearance, and prevented greater hypoglycemia than after the same insulin doses. The results indicate that the different rates of removal and the total metabolic clearance rate caused different concentrations and relative distribution between the portal and arterial blood compartments, leading to the significantly different contributions by the liver and peripheral tissues to the same hypoglycemia.
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected adherent cell-derived inhibitory factor (p29) inhibits normal T cell proliferation through decreased expression of high affinity interleukin-2 receptors and production of interleukin-2.
Authors: A Ammar, Y Sahraoui, A Tsapis, A M Bertoli, C Jasmin, V Georgoulias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Adherent cells from HIV-infected subjects as well as in vitro HIV-infected normal adherent cells produce spontaneously a 29-kD (p29) factor that inhibits mitogen-induced proliferation of normal T cells. p29 mediates a partial dose-dependent inhibition of total protein synthesis in both nonstimulated and PHA-activated cells that is associated with impaired PHA-induced expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)alpha chain, HLA-class II molecules, and production of IL-2 by these cells; conversely, p29 does not modify the expression of IL-2R beta chain, 4F2, CD9, or transferrin receptor, or the production of IL-1 and TNF alpha by the cells. 1 h preincubation of the cells with p29 is sufficient to detect its biologic activity and added rIL-2 abrogates p29-induced inhibition of IL-2R alpha chain expression; however, p29 does not display any biologic effect on already expressed IL-2R alpha chains. The impaired expression of IL-2R alpha chain mediated by p29 is not due to a decreased accumulation of the corresponding mRNA transcripts, but is associated with a two-fold increase of intracellular cAMP. Binding experiments with 125I-rIL-2 reveals that p29 induces a 50% decrease in the number of both high and low affinity IL-2R per cell. p29 also inhibits alloantigen-induced proliferation of PBMC, whereas it does not modify IL-2-dependent proliferation of 48-h PHA-blasts that already express high affinity IL-2R. These findings indicate that p29 mediates its biologic activity during early stages of T cell activation affecting the expression of high affinity IL-2R and production of IL-2, through a nontranscriptional mechanism involving an increase of intracellular cAMP.
Rates of Needle-Stick Injury Caused by Various Devices in a University Hospital
Authors: Janine Jagger, Ella H. Hunt, Jessica Brand-Elnaggar, Richard D. Pearson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Abstract We identified characteristics of devices that caused needle-stick injuries in a university hospital over a 10-month period. Hospital employees who reported needle sticks were interviewed about the types of devices causing injury and the circumstances of the injuries. Of 326 injuries studied, disposable syringes accounted for 35 percent, intravenous tubing and needle assemblies for 26 percent, prefilled cartridge syringes for 12 percent, winged steel-needle intravenous sets for 7 percent, phlebotomy needles for 5 percent, intravenous catheter stylets for 2 percent, and other devices for 13 percent. When the data were corrected for the number of each type of device purchased, disposable syringes had the lowest rate of needle sticks (6.9 per 100,000 syringes purchased). Devices that required disassembly had rates of injury of up to 5.3 times the rate for disposable syringes. One third of the injuries were related to recapping. Competing hazards were often cited as reasons for recapping. They included the risk of disassembling a device with an uncapped, contaminated needle and the difficulty of safely carrying several uncapped items to a disposal box in a single trip. New designs could provide safer methods for covering contaminated needles. Devices should be designed so that the worker's hands remain behind the needle as it is covered, the needle should be covered before disassembly of the device, and the needle should remain covered after disposal. Such improvements could reduce the incentives for recapping needles and lower the risk of needle-stick injuries among health care workers. (N Engl J Med 1988;319:284–8.)
FGFR1 is fused with a novel zinc-finger gene, ZNF198, in the t(8;13) leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome
Authors: Sheng Xiao, Srinivasa R. Nalabolu, Jon C. Aster, Junli Ma, Lynne Abruzzo, Elaine S. Jaffe, Richard Stone, Sherman M. Weissman, Thomas J. Hudson, Jonathan A. Fletcher
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
Authors: Jacques Chretien, Walter Holland, Peter Macklem, John Murray, Ann Woolcock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Accurate prevalence and incidence figures do not exist on a global basis, yet available data suggest that acute respiratory infections in children represent a problem of enormous magnitude. World Health Organization (WHO) data from 88 countries representing 1/4 of the world's population indicate that there are over 666,000 deaths annual from acute respiratory infections. Assuming that nonreporting countries have similar mortality rates, it can be calculated that there are at least 2.2 million deaths from acute respiratory infections throughout the world each year. Despite the enormity of the problem, relatively little is known about the factors that contribute to these deaths in children or adults, or about the extent to which they are due to unusual severity of the disease, lack of access to the health care system, and institutional or social factors. The causative agents are unknown. More knowledge is needed to mount an effective program for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections. In Costa Rica mortality from this disease is 12 times higher in malnourished infants than in those of normal weight. Data from Papua, New Guinea indicate that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae are common etiologic agents. More data of this kind are needed from different countries. Also needed is information on the availability and use of adequate medical care. People in developed countries run a greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases than do people in developing countries, but the chances of dying from acute respiratory infections generally exceed those of dying from lung cancer or cardiovascular disease in the developing countries. When evaluating the seriousness of a public health problem it is important to consider the number of years of life that have been lost as well as morbidity and mortality. If there are 2.2 million deaths in the world from acute respiratory infections in children under the age of 1 year, then each year there are almost 200 million death years lost because of acute respiratory infections in the world. Thus, on a global scale acute respiratory infections represent a public health problem of greater magnitude than either heart disease or cancer. The fact that the annual WHO budget for heart disease is at least 50 times higher than the budget for all forms of respiratory disease represents seriously misplaced priorities. Properly organized research programs into the etiologic agents involved in acute respiratory infection, together with data collection on other contributing factors, are required so that effective prevention and treatment programs can be initiated.
Protosign and protospeech: An expanding spiral
Authors: Michael A. Arbib
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The intriguing observation that left-cerebral dominance for vocalization is ancient, occurring in frogs, birds, and mammals, grounds Corballis's argument that the predominance of right-handedness may result from an association between manual gestures and vocalization in the evolution of language. This commentary supports the general thesis that language evolved “From hand to mouth” (Corballis 2002), while offering alternatives for some of Corballis's supporting arguments.
BASELINE EXERCISE CAPACITY AND IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE COURAGE TRIAL
Authors: Santosh Padala, Mandeep Sidhu, Pamela Hartigan, Koon Teo, John Spertus, David Maron, G.B. John Mancini, Steven Sedlis, Bernard Chaitman, Gary Heller, William Weintraub, William Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical molecular imaging in intestinal graft-versus-host disease: mapping of disease activity, prediction, and monitoring of treatment efficiency by positron emission tomography
Authors: Matthias Stelljes, Sven Hermann, Jörn Albring, Gabriele Köhler, Markus Löffler, Christiane Franzius, Christopher Poremba, Verena Schlösser, Sarah Volkmann, Corinna Opitz, Christoph Bremer, Torsten Kucharzik, Gerda Silling, Otmar Schober, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Michael Schäfers, Joachim Kienast
Journal: Blood (2007)
Medications to Treat Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Mark L. Willenbring
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What stops healthcare workers volunteering to fight Ebola in west Africa?
Authors: T. Solomon, L. Turtle, F. McGill, C. Matata, R. Christley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease has caused unprecedented demands on health systems in west Africa, which were already fragile and are now at breaking point. The outbreak will be brought under control only with a massive input of money, infrastructure, and people.1 Crucial among the personnel needed are healthcare workers. For example, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the most heavily involved charitable organisation, currently has only 276 international staff …