tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter Regarding Article by Franscini et al, “Gene Expression Profiling of Inflamed Human Endothelial Cells and Influence of Activated Protein C”
Authors: Martina Brueckmann, Siegfried Lang, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: Circulation (2005)

We read with great interest the study by Franscini et al 1 reporting novel antiinflammatory mechanisms of recombinant human-activated protein C (rhAPC)-dependent gene regulation in human endothelial cells.Some aspects of this work deserve further comment.The rhAPC preparation used by the authors is registered for use in patients (Xigris, Eli Lilly) and may contain traces of bovine thrombin resulting from the manufacturing process.The addition of the direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin would have excluded any residual thrombin activity in the rhAPC preparation in experiments by Franscini et al. 1 Concentrations of rhAPC used by the authors were much higher (2.5 to 20 g/mL) than median plasma levels (Ϸ45 ng/mL) in patients.Laboratory data from the recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial demonstrated that a strong basis for systemic antiinflammatory effects for rhAPC is still missing. 2Thus, it is unclear whether results obtained from in vitro studies with supratherapeutic concentrations might be of clinical relevance.Unfortunately, the authors did not mention that their observed rhAPC effects are in contrast to several previously published studies: For example, Joyce at al 3 have shown that rhAPC downregulates expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-B in endothelial cells.Moreover, Riewald et al 4 demonstrated that APC induces upregulation of the immunomodulatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.How do the authors interpret their data in light of these controversial results?Do they contribute this controversy to the type of endothelial cells or to the cytokine combinations that were used?Finally, the authors conclude that rhAPC might be more effective in relatively mild systemic inflammation than in severe sepsis.Data from the PROWESS trial, however, indicate that larger absolute risk reductions were found with rhAPC in patients with higher baseline degrees of illness. 5 The ADDRESS study mentioned by the authors was terminated early in February 2004 after an enrollment of 2640 sepsis patients at low risk of death because of a low likelihood of meeting the prospectively defined objective of demonstrating a reduction of 28-day mortality with rhAPC.These trial results support the concept that patients with severe stages of sepsis, especially those in a pronounced proinflammatory condition, may benefit most from rhAPC.We would like to mention that the transfer of in vitro results to in vivo conditions remains difficult, and, especially for rhAPC, further clinical investigations are needed to confirm the postulated antiinflammatory properties of this promising new drug.
Management for Hospital Doctors
Authors: J Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Maurice Burrows, Roger Dyson, Peter Jackson, Hugh Saxton Butterworth- Heinemann, £35, pp 360 ISBN 0-7506-0800-3

“The nearer the management process gets to the patient, the more important it is for the doctor to be looked upon as the natural manager.” So wrote Sir Roy Griffiths in 1983.

Sir Roy was always quick to mention, however, that doctors are not necessarily “natural managers,” and the first response of any doctor when faced with a new task or an unfamiliar area of work is to reach for a good book and read around the subject. One of the many frustrations of taking …
Antibacterial activity of cationic proteins from human granulocytes.
Authors: H Odeberg, I Olsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Human granulocytes contain several cationic proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 25,000, almost identical amino acid composition, and complete immunologic identity. These proteins possess a chymotrypsin-like protease activity at a neutral pH. The antibacterial activity of the cationic proteins has been studied. Bactericidal activities are found against both Gram-positive (Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) organisms. Gram-positive bacteria are, however, the most sensitive. The pH-optimum is near neutrality, and the microbicidal activity shows an inverse relationship to the ionic strength, indicating an ionic interaction between the cationic proteins and the bacterial surface. The microbicidal effect of the cationic proteins is generally independent of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the same proteins since the activity against several bacterial species is heat stable while the chymotrypsin-like activity is heat labile. The surface properties of S. aureus that are determined by protein A do not seem to influence the susceptibility to cationic proteins. The properties of the Gram-negative envelope of E. coli that determine the susceptibility to the lytic action of serum do not influence the sensitivity to the action of cationic proteins. The present study shows that cationic proteins of human granulocytes represent one potential microbicidal mechanism that is independent of hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase.
Abdominal Distension in a Middle-Aged Woman
Authors: Kathleen Holoyda, Neil Moudgill, Karen Chojnacki, Joshua Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Diagnosis and Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Crohn Disease
Authors: David A. Schwartz, John H. Pemberton, William J. Sandborn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Perianal fistulas occur in up to 43% of patients with Crohn disease. Diagnostic evaluation to determine the location and type of fistulas and the presence or absence of rectal inflammation is required. A combined medical and surgical approach to the management of such patients is the optimal treatment plan. Perianal abscesses must be drained. Superficial, low transsphincteric, and low intersphincteric fistulas are usually treated with fistulotomy and antibiotics. High transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, and extrasphincteric fistulas are usually treated with noncutting setons, antibiotics, and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine and, in many cases, infliximab.
Single-Parent Adoptions
Authors: Donald Hayes Russell, Arthur H. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

RECENT reports in national news media of the adoption of children by single adults call for some speculation about the appropriateness and possible need for this practice, and of the legal and medical implications.The adoption of children by single persons, when the person is a relative, a godparent or foster parent who sought to legalize their commitment to the childrens' care, is not an uncommon occurrence. Those situations involve a pre-existing social and personal context. The issue at hand, however, refers to that of an unattached young adult acting upon a personal desire to have a child by adoption. . . .
1065-166 Added ramipril to simvastatin shows additive effects on flow-mediated dilation and inflammation markers in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: Kwang K Koh, Seung H Han, Jeong Y Ahn, Wook-Jin Chung, Woong C Kang, MiSeung Shin, Eak K Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT Analysis of Neuroleptic Effects on Regional Brain Function
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, ITSUKI JIBIKI, KEIKO KINUYA, SEIGO KINUYA, NORIYUKI SHUKE, HISASHI SUMIYA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

This report describes a new approach to the evaluation of neuroleptic effects on regional brain function. Using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT imaging, consecutive brain perfusion studies before and after acute haloperidol administration were performed on three schizophrenic patients and two normal volunteers. The antipsychotic drug ameliorated the hypoactivity in the frontal lobe and suppressed the hyperactivity in the temporo-occipito-pa-rietal lobe selectively in the dominant hemisphere in the schizophrenic patients. It did not exert a significant influence on the brain perfusion pattern in normal volunteers. This nuclear medicine technique seems to be useful for the evaluation of drug effects in psychiatric diseases.
Hypercoagulation in glomerulonephritis.
Authors: H H Salem, J A Whitworth, J Koutts, P S Kincaid-Smith, B G Firkin
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The clotting values of 50 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined. Three different coagulation groups were recognised: those with normal clotting values (group 1); those with high concentrations of factor VIII but otherwise normal clotting results (group 2); and patients who showed the presence of an activator of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, indicated by the presence of a short activated partial thromboplastin time or the ability of patients9 plasma to shorten control clotting time in mixing studies (group 3). Patients in group 2 either had a uniform rise in all three components of the factor VIII molecule or a disproportionately higher concentration of factor-VIII-related antigen. In contrast, the level of VIII clotting activity in patients in group 3 was always higher than concentrations of either VIIIAg or VIIIWF. A significantly high incidence of thrombotic complications was observed in patients with group 3 but in none of the patients in either group 1 or group 2. Impaired renal function was more common in patients in groups 2 and 3, with higher mean serum creatinine concentrations in those with group 3. Patients with glomerulonephritis who have a short partial thromboplastin time with kaolin or who shorten control clotting time form a subgroup in whom hypercoagulation could adversely affect the course of their disease. The value of antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment in these patients needs to be explored.
Anticoagulant-responsive pyoderma gangrenosum associated with an underlying prothrombotic dysfibrinogenaemia
Authors: S.I. Chaudhry, M.L. George, B. Madans, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflict of interest: None declared. Sir, We report a 65‐year‐old man with a 12‐year history of atypical pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Within the last 1 year his PG has shown a remarkable response to anticoagulation therapy. This appears to be related to an underlying dysfibrinogenaemia (qualitative fibrinogen defect) and is an association which has not previously been reported. This article further documents our patient's progress since his case was originally published because of severe intraoral involvement.1 Our patient first presented (aged 54 years) in 1993 with PG of his lower right leg. There was no evidence of an underlying disorder and treatment with prednisolone 25–40 mg daily had limited effect. Azathioprine and ciclosporin were poorly tolerated. By 1996, an IgA λ paraproteinaemia (6·0 g L−1) was detectable, with 3% plasma cells present in a bone marrow aspirate. No other abnormalities were identified and therapy with colchicine 500 µg twice daily resulted in temporary remission.1
Intrapatient and Interpatient Comparison of Tumor Size and Monoclonal Antibody Uptake in Melanoma
Authors: EUGENE A. CORNELIUS, RONALD D. NEUMANN, SAMI S. ZOGHBI, JOHN M. KIRKWOOD, MARC S. ERNSTOFF, MICHAEL M. UNGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

In two panels totaling 52 patients with melanoma who were imaged with In-111 labeled 96.5 or ZME-018 (ZME) monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), four patients demonstrated numerous metastases (≥20) in the subcutaneous tissues and peripheral lymph nodes. These constituted four intrapatient groups of tumors. These were selected for an intrapatient comparison of tumor size and uptake. Data on 16 additional patients imaged with 96.5 MoAb with fewer (≤11) such tumor foci were pooled and used as an interpatient control group of tumors. Uptake was graded 0–5+ (liver = 4+). The data were similar in all live groups. All tumors with a diameter less than 0.7 cm were not detected. All large tumors were demonstrated, usually with high uptake. Small tumors (≥ 0.7 cm in diameter), however, showed variable uptake, from 0–4+. Thus, tumors within one patient were as variable in uptake as tumors between patients. Immunologic studies of melanoma tumor antigens have shown a similar variability. It is suggested that antigenic heterogeneity is responsible for the variable scintigraphic demonstration of such tumors.
Therapy of relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens
Authors: Edus H. Warren, Nobuharu Fujii, Yoshiki Akatsuka, Colette N. Chaney, Jeffrey K. Mito, Keith R. Loeb, Ted A. Gooley, Michele L. Brown, Kevin K. W. Koo, Kellie V. Rosinski, Seishi Ogawa, Aiko Matsubara, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Stanley R. Riddell
Journal: Blood (2010)
Exchangeable Potassium Content of the Body in Congestive Failure
Authors: JERRY K. AIKAWA, REGINALD H. FITZ, Aaron J. Blumberg
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The increase in body weight in congestive heart failure is generally attributed to the retention of sodium and water in the extracellular compartment. Important changes also occur in the intracellular space, particularly in the metabolism of potassium. The isotope-dilution technic permits more precise determination of the exchangeable potassium content of the body in congestive failure before and during diuresis. The results of 27 such determinations in 11 patients with congestive heart failure are correlated with the clinical status of the patient and the serum concentration.
Educational Resource Sharing and Collaborative Training in Family Practice and Internal Medicine
Authors: Harry R. Kimball
Journal: JAMA (1995)

IN A RECENT report, 1 the American Board of Family Practice and American Board of Internal Medicine indicated a willingness to embark on a cooperative and collaborative approach to the training of future generalists caring for adult patients. The promotion of new ways to train generalist physicians was one of several areas identified for future discussion. In response to anticipated health care system reform, the boards pointed out the advantages for the disciplines in sharing educational resources, particularly in the ambulatory training environment. The boards also called for innovative educational experiments that could involve combining training for portions of traditional residency programs or facilitate joint training and dual certification for those desiring more comprehensive training in both specialties.  Subsequent discussions with internal medicine and family practice program directors have generated further ideas for resource sharing and collaborative training. Based on these and other discussions, the American Board of Family Practice
The α6β4 Integrin Maintains the Survival of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Elizabeth A. Lipscomb, Kaylene J. Simpson, Stephen R. Lyle, Jennifer E. Ring, Aisling S. Dugan, Arthur M. Mercurio
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The α6β4 integrin has been widely implicated in carcinoma function in vitro; however, in vivo data are scarce. To determine the importance of α6β4 in tumor progression, a SUM-159 breast carcinoma cell line that is essentially devoid of α6β4 expression was generated using an RNA interference strategy. Loss of α6β4 expression inhibits colony formation in soft agar assays, suggesting a vital role for α6β4 in survival signaling and anchorage-independent growth. Orthotopic injection of the β4-deficient cell line into the mammary fat pad of immunocompromised mice yielded significantly fewer and smaller tumors than the control cell line, revealing a role for the α6β4 integrin in tumor formation. Under conditions that mimicked the in vivo environment, decreased expression of the α6β4 integrin led to enhanced apoptosis as determined by the percentage of Annexin V-FITC+, PI− cells and the presence of caspase-3 cleavage products. Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly inhibited the cell death observed in the β4-deficient cell line, demonstrating the importance of VEGF expression in this survival pathway. Furthermore, loss of α6β4 expression leads to enhanced apoptosis and reduced expression of VEGF in breast carcinoma cells in vivo. Importantly, the specificity of α6β4 in both the in vitro and in vivo assays showed that reexpression of the β4 subunit into the β4-deficient cell line could rescue the functional phenotype. Taken together, these data implicate the α6β4 integrin in tumor formation by regulating tumor cell survival in a VEGF-dependent manner.
Presence of Circulating CCR10+ T cells and Elevated Serum CTACK/CCL27 in the Early Stage of Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Yasuyuki Fujita, Riichiro Abe, Mikako Sasaki, Ayumi Honda, Megumi Furuichi, Yukie Asano, Osamu Norisugi, Tadamichi Shimizu, Hiroshi Shimizu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Mycosis fungoides (MF), a common type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma with an indolent clinical course, has the characteristic that malignant T cell clones are recruited into the skin from the early disease stages. The mechanisms of recruitment have been suggested from our knowledge of various chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions. Recently, CCR10 and CTACK/CCL27 were proposed to play a role in the recruitment of other types of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. We examined the expression of CCR10 in peripheral blood and serum CTACK/CCL27 levels in patients with MF.Eighteen patients with MF, six patients with atopic dermatitis, and nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in our investigation. We investigated the differences in CCR10+ CD4+ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. Serum CTACK/CCL27 levels were determined using a CTACK/CCL27 ELISA assay kit.The number of circulating CCR10+ CD4+ cells was significantly higher in MF peripheral blood than in controls, even during the early stages. In lesional MF skin, infiltrating tumor cells also showed extensive expression of CCR10. The serum level of CTACK/CCL27 was higher in patients with MF than normal controls, but no statistical difference was found compared with atopic dermatitis patients.CCR10-CTACK/CCL27 interactions between circulating T cells and keratinocytes would seem to play an important role in the pathophysiology of MF from the early disease stages.
Calcium absorption in bone disease associated with chronic cholestasis during childhood
Authors: John C. Bucuvalas, James E. Heubi, Bonny L. Specker, Deborah J. Gregg, Alfred L. Yergey, Nancy E. Vieira
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Fractional absorption of calcium was determined in 9 children aged 4.9 to 16.9 yr with chronic cholestatic liver disease to determine the role of calcium malabsorption in the development of metabolic bone disease. Radiological evidence of rickets was absent in all patients, but bone density, measured by single beam photon absorptiometry of the distal radius, was reduced in eight of nine subjects. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were normal in all except one subject. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was decreased compared with controls in only one of nine patients, but serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were diminished in seven of nine subjects. In all subjects, dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes were greater than 80% of the RDA. Fractional absorption of calcium, determined by oral and intravenous administration of stable calcium isotopes, was similar in cholestatic compared with control subjects (37.1% ± 12.5% vs. 34.0% ± 16.4%). In the cholestatic subjects, calcium absorption correlated with serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.871, p &lt; 0.002) but not 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Calcium balance, assessed by the duplicate diet method, was positive in four of five subjects. Anthropometric measurements were performed to examine the relationship between nutritional status and bone mineral content. Heights of all subjects were less than or equal to the 10th percentile and fat stores and somatic protein stores were less than the 25th percentile in six of nine subjects. We conclude that factors other than calcium malabsorption and decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration contribute to diminished bone mass in children with cholestatic liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1200-1205).