tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The aftermath of orbital radiotherapy for graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Colum A Gorman, James A Garrity, Vahab Fatourechi, Rebecca S Bahn, Ivy A Petersen, Scott L Stafford, John D Earle, Glenn S Forbes, Robert W Kline, Helmut Buettner, Dennis M Robertson, Erik J Bergstralh, Kenneth P Offord, Diana M Rademacher, Nancy M Stanley, George B Bartley
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
HIV Infection Masquerading as Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Chuanyi M. Lu, Bruce J. Dezube, Liron Pantanowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: Various hematologic disorders, including plasma-cell dyscrasia,1 are increasingly being diagnosed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), generally considered to be a disease of the elderly, affects up to 3 percent of persons 50 years of age or older.2 Nevertheless, the presence of a monoclonal protein in HIV-positive persons is not a rare event.3 Since the standard care for MGUS is regular follow-up and monitoring for progression, patients in whom MGUS is the initial manifestation of HIV infection could miss out on the benefit of early antiretroviral therapy, should the . . .
A defect of immunoregulatory T cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients demonstrated with anti-2H4 antibody.
Authors: C Morimoto, A D Steinberg, N L Letvin, M Hagan, T Takeuchi, J Daley, H Levine, S F Schlossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The cell surface phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was characterized with the anti-2H4 monoclonal antibody that defines the human suppressor inducer subset. The T4+2H4+ population of cells has been shown to be critical for the activation of T8+ suppressor cells. Patients with SLE has a markedly decreased percentage of T4+2H4+ cells (13 +/- 2%) in their PBL compared with normal controls (21 +/- 1%) (P less than 0.001). This reduction was greatest in patients with active SLE, especially those with renal disease. Serial analysis of patients with SLE and renal disease showed a correlation between percent positive circulating T4+2H4+ cells and disease activity. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between a low percentage of T4+2H4+ cells and decreased suppressor-inducer function in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated T4+ cells from SLE patients. Thus, a deficiency exists in SLE patients with active renal disease in the T4+2H4+ suppressor-inducer T cell subset.
Abstract 642: Vimentin is a novel anticancer therapeutic target
Authors: Quansheng Zhu, Guy Lahat, Svetlana Bolshakov, Jeffery Liu, Keila Torres, Robert R. Langley, Alexander J. Lazar, Mien Chie Hung, Dina Lev
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Vimentin is a ubiquitous mesenchymal intermediate filament supporting mechano-structural integrity of quiescent cells while participating in adhesion, migration, survival, and cell signaling processes via dynamic assembly/disassembly in activated cells. Soft tissue sarcomas and some epithelial cancers exhibiting “epithelial to mesenchymal transition” phenotypes express vimentin. Withaferin-A (WFA), a naturally derived bioactive compound, may molecularly target vimentin, so we sought to evaluate its effects on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo thereby elucidating the role of vimentin in drug-induced responses. WFA elicited marked apoptosis and vimentin cleavage in vimentin-expressing tumor cells but significantly less in normal mesenchymal cells. This proapoptotic response was abrogated after vimentin knockdown or by blockade of caspase-induced vimentin degradation via caspase inhibitors or overexpression of mutated caspase-resistant vimentin. Pronounced anti-angiogenic effects of WFA were demonstrated, with only minimal effects seen in non-proliferating endothelial cells. Moreover, WFA significantly blocked soft tissue sarcoma growth, local recurrence, and metastasis in a panel of soft tissue sarcoma xenograft experiments. Apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis, and vimentin degradation were all seen in WFA treated specimens. In light of these findings, evaluation of WFA, its analogs, or other anti-vimentin therapeutic approaches in soft tissue sarcoma and ”epithelial to mesenchymal transition” clinical contexts is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 642.
Therapeutic Community in Psychiatry
Authors: M. Balint
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Background</h3> Children undergoing surgery and their parents are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress reactions. We systematically reviewed the literature to understand the prevalence of this issue, as well as potential risk factors. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, using PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, with searches conducted in February 2021. Papers were included if they measured post-traumatic stress in children and/or parents following paediatric surgery and were excluded if they did not use a validated measure of post-traumatic stress. Data were extracted from published reports. <h3>Findings</h3> Our search yielded a total of 1672 papers, of which 16 met our inclusion criteria. In meta-analysis, pooled studies of children estimated an overall prevalence of 16% meeting criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder post surgery (N=187, 95% CI 5% to 31%, I<sup>2</sup>=80%). After pooling studies of parents, overall prevalence was estimated at 23% (N=1444, 95% CI 16% to 31%, I<sup>2</sup>=91%). Prevalence rates were higher than those reported in the general population. Risk factors reported within studies included length of stay, level of social support and parental mental health. <h3>Interpretation</h3> There is consistent evidence of traumatic stress following surgery in childhood which warrants further investigation. Those delivering surgical care to children would benefit from a raised awareness of the potential for post-traumatic stress in their patients and their families, including offering screening and support.
Recent Developments in the Understanding of the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Anaerobic Infections
Authors: Barbara Styrt, Sherwood L. Gorbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

(First of Two Parts)ANAEROBIC bacteria constitute a prominent part of the abundant microbial flora of the human body. The oropharynx, skin, colon, and vagina harbor up to 1011 anaerobes per cubic centimeter.1 Because of their fastidious growth requirements and ubiquity as commensals, the pathogenic role of anaerobic bacteria has only relatively recently begun to be understood, and our understanding is still evolving.Not long ago, a review of anaerobes in infection1 entailed presenting evidence for their involvement in clinical syndromes previously ascribed to facultative organisms alone. Refinements in culturing methods have made this issue less controversial, as the importance . . .
PSYCHIATRY IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: BALDWIN L. KEYES, ROBERT S. BOOKHAMMER, ALBERT J. KAPLAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

1. The inclusion of a psychiatric ward service within the framework of the general hospital on a national scale is timely, practical, and economical. 2. A review of psychiatric consultations at the Jefferson Hospital indicates that there is a wide variety of psychogenic illnesses that require more than a consultation service to treat effectively. 3. Illustrative cases are cited as examples of types that may be treated adequately in the general hospital. 4. It is suggested that hospitals modify existing facilities rather than wait for elaborate new structures, for inclusion of psychiatric lying-in services. 5. Organizational and personnel requirements are briefly outlined. 6. With the inclusion of psychiatric ward services in the general hospital, the outpatient services would become more effective and thus a step forward would be made toward better national mental hygiene.
Adding pegylated interferon to entecavir for hepatitis B e antigen–positive chronic hepatitis B: A multicenter randomized trial (ARES study)
Authors: Willem Pieter Brouwer, Qing Xie, Milan J. Sonneveld, Ningping Zhang, Qin Zhang, Fehmi Tabak, Adrian Streinu‐Cercel, Ji‐Yao Wang, Ramazan Idilman, Hendrik W. Reesink, Mircea Diculescu, Krzysztof Simon, Mihai Voiculescu, Meral Akdogan, Wlodzimierz Mazur, Jurrien G.P. Reijnders, Elke Verhey, Bettina E. Hansen, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Entecavir (ETV) is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B viral replication, but long‐term therapy may be required. We investigated whether adding on pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN) to ETV therapy enhances serological response rates. In this global investigator‐initiated, open‐label, multicenter, randomized trial, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with compensated liver disease started on ETV monotherapy (0.5 mg/day) and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy (180 µg/week) from week 24 to 48 (n = 85) or to continue ETV monotherapy (n = 90). Response was defined as HBeAg loss with HBV DNA &lt;200 IU/mL at week 48. Responders discontinued ETV at week 72. All patients were followed until week 96. Response was achieved in 16 of 85 (19%) patients allocated to the add‐on arm versus 9 of 90 (10%) in the monotherapy arm ( P = 0.095). Adjusted for HBV DNA levels before randomized therapy, Peg‐IFN add‐on was significantly associated with response (odds ratio: 4.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6‐14.0; P = 0.004). Eleven (13%) of the add‐on‐treated patients achieved disease remission after ETV cessation versus 2 of 90 (2%) of those treated with monotherapy ( P = 0.007), which was 79% (11 of 14) versus 25% (2 of 8) of those who discontinued ETV ( P = 0.014). At week 96, 22 (26%) patients assigned add‐on versus 12 (13%) assigned monotherapy achieved HBeAg seroconversion ( P = 0.036). Peg‐IFN add‐on led to significantly more decline in hepatitis B surface antigen, HBeAg, and HBV DNA (all P &lt; 0.001). Combination therapy was well tolerated. Conclusion : Although the primary endpoint was not reached, 24 weeks of Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy led to a higher proportion of HBeAg response, compared to ETV monotherapy. Add‐on therapy resulted in more viral decline and appeared to prevent relapse after stopping ETV. Hence, Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy may facilitate the discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogs. (H epatology 2015;61:1512–1522)
Serum Concentrations of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in a Sample of Pregnant Females and Changes in Their Concentrations during Gestation
Authors: Richard Y. Wang, Ram B. Jain, Amy F. Wolkin, Carol H. Rubin, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

In this study we evaluated the concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants in a sample of first-time pregnant females residing in the United States and assessed differences in these concentrations in all pregnant females during gestation.We reviewed demographic and laboratory data for pregnant females participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including concentrations of 25 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 9 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and 9 organochlorine pesticides. We report serum concentrations for first-time pregnant females (2001-2002; n = 49) and evaluate these concentrations in all pregnant females by trimester (1999-2002; n = 203) using a cross-sectional analysis.The chemicals with >or= 60% detection included PCBs (congeners 126, 138/158, 153, 180), PCDDs/PCDFs [1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1234678HpCDD), 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (123678HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran (1234678HpCDF), 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethenylidene)-bis(4-chlorobenzene) (p,p'-DDE)], and trans-nonachlor. The geometric mean concentration (95% confidence intervals) for 1234678HpCDD was 15.9 pg/g lipid (5.0-50.6 pg/g); for 123678HxCDD, 9.7 pg/g (5.5-17.1 pg/g); and for 1234678HpCDF, 5.4 pg/g (3.3-8.7 pg/g). The differences in concentrations of these chemicals by trimester were better accounted for with the use of lipid-adjusted units than with whole-weight units; however, the increase in the third-trimester concentration was greater for PCDDs/PCDFs (123678HxCDD, 1234678HpCDF) than for the highest concentration of indicator PCBs (138/158, 153, 180), even after adjusting for potential confounders.The concentrations of these persistent organic pollutants in a sample of first-time pregnant females living in the United States suggest a decline in exposures to these chemicals since their ban or restricted use and emission. The redistribution of body burden for these and other persistent organic pollutants during pregnancy needs to be more carefully defined to improve the assessment of fetal exposure to them based on maternal serum concentrations. Additional studies are needed to further the understanding of the potential health consequences to the fetus from persistent organic pollutants.
Tracking the clonal origin of lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Michael C. Haffner, Timothy Mosbruger, David M. Esopi, Helen Fedor, Christopher M. Heaphy, David A. Walker, Nkosi Adejola, Meltem GÃ¼rel, Jessica Hicks, Alan K. Meeker, Marc K. Halushka, Jonathan W. Simons, William B. Isaacs, Angelo M. De Marzo, William G. Nelson, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Recent controversies surrounding prostate cancer overtreatment emphasize the critical need to delineate the molecular features associated with progression to lethal metastatic disease. Here, we have used whole-genome sequencing and molecular pathological analyses to characterize the lethal cell clone in a patient who died of prostate cancer. We tracked the evolution of the lethal cell clone from the primary cancer to metastases through samples collected during disease progression and at the time of death. Surprisingly, these analyses revealed that the lethal clone arose from a small, relatively low-grade cancer focus in the primary tumor, and not from the bulk, higher-grade primary cancer or from a lymph node metastasis resected at prostatectomy. Despite being limited to one case, these findings highlight the potential importance of developing and implementing molecular prognostic and predictive markers, such as alterations of tumor suppressor proteins PTEN or p53, to augment current pathological evaluation and delineate clonal heterogeneity. Furthermore, this case illustrates the potential need in precision medicine to longitudinally sample metastatic lesions to capture the evolving constellation of alterations during progression. Similar comprehensive studies of additional prostate cancer cases are warranted to understand the extent to which these issues may challenge prostate cancer clinical management.
DNA 50 Four Plus: Writing DNA
Authors: Irina Haivas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A Wellcome Trust exhibition at the TwoTen Gallery and the Wellcome Building, London NW1, until 29 August 2003. Admission free

http://www.wellcome.ac.uk

Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] 

This exhibition celebrating the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA takes us beyond science into a vivid representation of the personalities involved. Ten artists use visual, literary, and digital media to present fresh perspectives on the discovery and to show science as social history, science as passion.

The exhibition is structured …

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Impaired physiological responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
Authors: Aimee Y. Yu, Larissa A. Shimoda, Narayan V. Iyer, David L. Huso, Xing Sun, Rita McWilliams, Terri Beaty, James S.K. Sham, Charles M. Wiener, J.T. Sylvester, Gregg L. Semenza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Chronic hypoxia induces polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and weight loss. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates transcription of genes encoding proteins that mediate adaptive responses to hypoxia, including erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glycolytic enzymes. Expression of the HIF-1α subunit increases exponentially as O2 concentration is decreased. Hif1a–/– mouse embryos with complete deficiency of HIF-1α due to homozygosity for a null allele at the Hif1a locus die at midgestation, with multiple cardiovascular malformations and mesenchymal cell death. Hif1a+/– heterozygotes develop normally and are indistinguishable from Hif1a+/+ wild-type littermates when maintained under normoxic conditions. In this study, the physiological responses of Hif1a+/– and Hif1a+/+ mice exposed to 10% O2 for one to six weeks were analyzed. Hif1a+/– mice demonstrated significantly delayed development of polycythemia, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary vascular remodeling and significantly greater weight loss compared with wild-type littermates. These results indicate that partial HIF-1α deficiency has significant effects on multiple systemic responses to chronic hypoxia.
Methotrexate safety: from prescribing to labelling
Authors: F. Al-Niaimi, N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Methotrexate safety: from prescribing to labelling Get access F. Al‐Niaimi, F. Al‐Niaimi Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K. E‐mail: firas55@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.H. Cox N.H. Cox Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K. E‐mail: firas55@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 6, 1 June 2009, Pages 1345–1346, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09111.x Published: 01 June 2009
Increased prevalence of bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls.
Authors: D. B. Mumford, A. M. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Objective</h3> To explore how physiotherapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) perceive upper limb (UL) prediction algorithms in a stroke rehabilitation setting and identify potential barriers to and facilitators of their implementation. <h3>Design</h3> This was a qualitative study. <h3>Setting</h3> The study took place at a neurorehabilitation centre. <h3>Participants</h3> Three to six PTs and OTs. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted four focus group interviews in order to explore therapists’ perceptions of UL prediction algorithms, in particular the Predict Recovery Potential algorithm (PREP2). The Consolidated Framework for advancing Implementation Research was used to develop the interview guide. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis. Meaning units were identified and subthemes formed. Information gained from all interviews was synthesised, and four main themes emerged. <h3>Results</h3> The four main themes were current practice, perceived benefits, barriers and preconditions for implementation. The participants knew of UL prediction algorithms. However, only a few had a profound knowledge and few were using the Shoulder Abduction Finger Extension test, a core component of the PREP2 algorithm, in their current practice. PREP2 was considered a potentially helpful tool when planning treatment and setting goals. A main barrier was concern about the accuracy of the algorithm. Furthermore, participants dreaded potential dilemmas arising from having to confront the patients with their prognosis. Preconditions for implementation included tailoring the implementation to a specific unit, sufficient time for acquiring new skills and an organisation supporting implementation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the present study, experienced neurological therapists were sceptical towards prediction algorithms due to the lack of precision of the algorithms and concerns about ethical dilemmas. However, the PREP2 algorithm was regarded as potentially useful.
The Harveian Oration on "CLINICAL SCIENCE"
Authors: T. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1933)

and shortly became the basis of the present science of The Harveian Oration physiology.The budding off of physiology is almost ON within memory.The process of disruption has continued.First physiology abandoned medicine, and in going took "CLINICAL SCIENCE" largely from medicine its function of stucdying the normal DELIVERED BEFORE THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS processes of the body; it also took something more impor- tant, for clincal medicine seemed.to relax its claim to OF LONDON ON OCTOBER 1 8th. 1 933, Othe use of the experimental method, which it had forged BY and which physiology, its offspring, now chose as its own
Case of Kawasaki disease.
Authors: C J Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Mucocutaneous lymph-node syndrome (Kawasaki disease): probable soluble-complex disorderThe first description in English of the mucocutaneous lymph-node syndrome (MLNS)l was followed by reports from Hawaii, Canada, the United States, and, recently, Britain.We report a further case. Case reportA previously healthy 22-month-old Japanese boy born in Osaka had lived in England for 17 months.He became ill with fever, redness of the hands and feet, and a rash on the trunk and limbs and then developed facial oedema with diarrhoea and vomiting.He was admitted to hospital on the eighth day because of pain and swelling of the neck and inability to swallow.The patient was feverish, drowsy, and dehydrated, and had neck stiffness, facial oedema, conjunctivitis, cracked, bleeding lips, a red pharynx with prominent tongue papillae, and pronounced cervical adenitis.As the rash faded peripheral oedema became evident and was followed by a striking desquamation of the fingers spreading to the hands and arms.He returned home on the 22nd day, and five days later similar desquamation began on the toes and feet.During the second month we noted a transverse groove on the nails of the fingers and toes.At no time could we detect any abnormality of the cardiovascular system.He was given intravenous fluids and benzyl- penicillin for 48 hours followed by cloxacillin for 48 hours until a diagnosis was made on the fourth day.Numerous investigations on blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and faeces failed to yield a pathogenic organism.The table gives the results of haematological studies.
Trends and Outcomes After Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Cardiac Malformations by Fetal Echocardiography in a Well Defined Birth Population, Atlanta, Georgia, 1990–1994
Authors: Eduardo Montaña, Muin J. Khoury, Janet D. Cragan, Shiva Sharma, Pradip Dhar, Derek Fyfe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Response to Dashora et al.
Authors: Maria I. Schmidt, Bruce B. Duncan, Angella J. Reichelt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We thank Dashora et al. (1) for their comments regarding our study (2). Their observations corroborate our findings about the validity of using a 2-h 75-g OGTT in pregnancy to detect gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

In their study, the 2-h 75-g OGTT was done at booking and, if normal, was repeated two or three times at 2-month intervals. Using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, they found a 21.3% prevalence of GDM, with over 88% of cases being diagnosed before the 7th month of pregnancy. This high prevalence of diagnosis may reflect …