tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One-View Follow-up Mammogram
Authors: Judith K. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Cukier et al (237:661, 1977) propose that a single lateral view mammogram is adequate for follow-up screening and that use of this technique would contain costs, lighten the load of reading films, and decrease exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. Their report of 97% "accuracy" from a lateral view alone should be accepted with caution for at least three reasons. First, accuracy, or validity, depends on both good sensitivity and good specificity. Since all the films in this series were from patients with breast cancer, the authors were only able to determine sensitivity (the ability of the test to identify diseased persons) but not specificity (the ability of the test to identify correctly persons without disease). Further, those who read the film were apparently aware that all the patients had breast cancer. This awareness could very well increase the likelihood of finding a cancer. Finally, the
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Due to Levodopa Therapy
Authors: Mary C. Territo
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 67-year-old white man developed Coombs test-positive hemolytic anemia secondary to levodopa therapy for Parkinson disease. The initial episode of anemia occurred after 11 months and 660 gm of drug exposure. A warm autoantibody directed against the Rh locus was found in the patient's serum and on his erythrocytes. On discontinuance of levodopa therapy, the autoimmune hemolytic anemia abated.
Aspects of plastic surgery. Head and neck cancer.
Authors: I T Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

I have grouped intraoral, orbital, middle ear, and parotid lesions under head and neck cancer. The plastic surgeon may excise and reconstruct the lesion by himself or with an ear, nose, and throat surgeon or a general surgeon. In special areas requiring a combined intracranial and extracranial resection co-operation with a neurosurgeon is mandatory. The contribu tion of the radiotherapist to treatment in the presentday context is so important that this will be discussed separately.
Away with the "Give-Aways"
Authors: ARTHUR F. GREENWALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 October 1971Away with the "Give-Aways"ARTHUR F. GREENWALD, M.D.ARTHUR F. GREENWALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-4-649_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Having long urged our profession to police itself, I wish you would editorialize for reform among the "give-away" medical journals or else publish this letter. The plethora of free periodicals that inundate the doctor is of questionable value. Most of the articles repeat what has already been published in standard textbooks or ethical journals such as yours. The special ills that I see in these journals, along with my proposals for reform, are as follows:1. Diversion of scarce medical talent from practice, teaching, or research. Even if the articles are written by a "medical journalist," the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 160 Luring Dr., Suite 4 Palm Springs, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1971Volume 75, Issue 4Page: 649-650 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
AST/ALT ratio has prognostic value in the assessment of 1-year survival of patients with viral cirrhosis: comparison with MELD and Child-Pugh's scores
Authors: Edoardo Giannini, Federica Botta, Bruno Chiarbonello, Alessandra Fumagalli, Federica Malfatti, Simone Polegato, Paola Romagnoli, Emanuela Testa, Roberto Testa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Gunshot Wounds of the Heart with Embolism
Authors: J. B. Kinmonth, J. D. Burton, D. B. Longmore, W. A. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1961)

ConclusionsFor the reasons given, we believe the main causes of high mortality and faltering growth in young children in the Gambia to be -infection and poor care.Deficiency of specific nutrients may contribute, but in our opinion malnutrition is more often secondary to illness than prinmary.The possibility that some children are underfed during the process of weaning cannot be excluded, but the nutritional and clinical pattern described as characteristic of kwashiorkor is rare.These results and conclusions probably apply to large areas of rural Africa, especially West Africa.They may not apply to areas where the staple food is of notably low nutritive value, nor to urban areas where the ecology is entirely different. SummaryThe births and deaths of children in a rural Gambian village were registered as they occurred, and their heights and weights were measured annually.Of 187 children born during a five-year period, 43% died before reaching 7 years of age.Death rates were high during the first 4 years of life, and relatively low from 4 to 7 years of age.The peak of mortality occurred around the age of 1 year and during the rainy season.During the first 6 months of life, when breast milk is the main or only source of food for babies, growth was comparable with the British average.Then growth appeared to falter for a few months, around the period of peak mortality; but there was no evidence that children who died, compared with those who survived, had been notably underweight.From about 12 to 7 years of age, heights and weights were less than those of British children, but the annual increments were similar.It is considered that infectious disease and inadequate maternal care are probably the major factors coIn- tributing to high mortality and impaired growth.Malnutrition, while by no means absent, seems to be more often secondary to disease than primary.We gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and its ligands attenuate biologic functions of human natural killer cells
Authors: Xia Zhang, Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galán, Jeff J. Subleski, John R. Ortaldo, Deborah L. Hodge, Ji-Ming Wang, Osamu Shimozato, Della A. Reynolds, Howard A. Young
Journal: Blood (2004)
Glucocorticoid reduction of bronchial epithelial inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Authors: G E Hill, S Snider, T A Galbraith, S Forst, R A Robbins
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is released in inflammatory lung conditions, raising airway nitric oxide (NO) concentrations through the cytokine-mediated induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) creates an inflammatory state, characterized by the release of TNF-alpha, that may result in lung injury following CPB. This study measured plasma levels of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as airway NO concentrations during CPB, and the effect of methylprednisolone (MPSS) on the levels of these inflammatory products. Twenty adult males scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were anesthetized and randomized to a group given MPSS at 1 gm intravenously 5 min before CPB (Group S) or a group not given MPSS (Group N). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the airway NO concentration by chemiluminescence. TNF-alpha was significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 30 min after the termination of CPB, while IL-6 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 50 min into CPB and 30 min after the end of CPB in Group N as compared with controls in the same group and with Group S at the same time intervals. A group of 10 patients undergoing repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms, which served as a control group for plasma levels of TNF-alpha, showed no significant changes in TNF-alpha concentrations at any time during aneurysm repair. Airway NO increased significantly (p < 0.01) in Group N as compared with Group S at 5, 20, 35, and 50 min of CPB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alcohol in the body
Authors: Alex Paton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Alcohol (ethanol) is a drug, and health professionals should know something of its physiological and pathological effects and its handling by the body. It is a small, water soluble molecule that is relatively slowly absorbed from the stomach, more rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, and freely distributed throughout the body. Alcoholic drinks are a major source of energy—for example, six pints of beer contain about 500 kcal and half a litre of whisky contains 1650 kcal. The daily energy requirement for a moderately active man is 3000 kcal and for a woman 2200 kcal. Rate of absorption of alcohol depends on several factors. It is quickest, for example, when alcohol is drunk on an empty stomach and the concentration of alcohol is 20-30%. Thus, sherry, with an alcohol concentration of about 20% increases the levels of alcohol in blood more rapidly than beer (3-8%), while spirits (40%) delay gastric emptying and inhibit absorption. Drinks aerated with carbon dioxide—for example, whisky and soda, and champagne—get into the system quicker. Food, and particularly carbohydrate, retards absorption: blood concentrations may not reach a quarter of those achieved on an empty stomach. The pleasurable effects of alcohol are best achieved with a meal or when alcohol is drunk diluted, in the case of spirits. ![][1]</img> Alcohol is distributed throughout the water in the body, so that most tissues—such as the heart, brain, and muscles—are exposed to the same concentration of alcohol as the blood. The exception is the liver, where exposure is greater because blood is received direct from the stomach and small bowel via the portal vein. Alcohol diffuses rather slowly, except into organs with a rich blood supply such as … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Regulation of In Situ to Invasive Breast Carcinoma Transition
Authors: Min Hu, Jun Yao, Danielle K. Carroll, Stanislawa Weremowicz, Haiyan Chen, Daniel Carrasco, Andrea Richardson, Shelia Violette, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Yuri Nikolsky, Erica L. Bauerlein, William C. Hahn, Rebecca S. Gelman, Craig Allred, Mina J. Bissell, Stuart Schnitt, Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Adenyl cyclase activity in the perfused rat heart made to fail by substrate-lack
Authors: N. S. DHALLA, P. V. SULAKHE, R. L. KHANDELWAL, R. E. OLSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Adenyl cyclase activity in the perfused rat heart made to fail by substrate-lack Get access N. S. DHALLA, N. S. DHALLA From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Canada, and the Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. 63104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. V. SULAKHE, P. V. SULAKHE From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Canada, and the Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. 63104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. KHANDELWAL, R. L. KHANDELWAL From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Canada, and the Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. 63104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. OLSON R. E. OLSON From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 3, Canada, and the Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. 63104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, July 1972, Pages 344–352, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.4.344 Published: 01 July 1972
GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEW-BORN.
Authors: EDWARD H. SMALL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

On Sept. 18, 1899, a fine, plump baby girl, eight pounds in weight, was born. The mother was a primipara, and her period of gestation 290 days. The family history on both sides was good. Labor pains came on strong at 12 a. m.[ill] and as they continued, but with little advance of the child, forceps were applied at 5 p. m., delivery being quite difficult. The cord was cut in about five minutes after birth. The child was somewhat asphyxiated, but in a few minutes was breathing nicely. She was put to the breast in about one-half hour, when she sucked finely. All the next day she nursed well, as all healthy babies should do. Her bowels were moved and she passed water freely. On September 20, at midnight, when the baby was 31 hours old, she vomited and passed by the rectum some material which looked much like
Focal Cholesterol Granuloma in the Anterior Mediastinum: [18F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Kiminori Fujimoto, Shinzo Takamori, Hirohisa Yano, Junko Sadohara, Toshihiro Matsuo, Yasuhiro Terazaki, Masatoshi Ishibashi, Naofumi Hayabuchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Special delivery: microRNA-200–containing extracellular vesicles provide metastatic message to distal tumor cells
Authors: David M. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

An emerging view is that breast cancer is a systemic disease that utilizes intrinsic and extrinsic tumor cell processes to support both primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination into distal tissue. Delineation of factors involved in these processes should facilitate a better understanding for both assessing and preventing disease relapse. In this issue of the JCI, Le et al. investigate whether intrinsic properties of metastatic breast cancer cell growth can be regulated through an extrinsic process--contact with tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs of the miR-200 family. The authors provide compelling evidence that miR-200s within extracellular vesicles secreted from highly metastatic tumor cells can be internalized by weakly metastatic cells. Thus, internalization and delivery of this metastatic "donor" cell-derived message provide plausible mechanisms by which oncogenic and regulatory factors confer the capability of tumor growth at metastatic lesions. This study provides a strong rationale for detailed assessment of the prognostic and predictive value of circulating extracellular vesicle-bound miR-200s in breast cancer progression and treatment.
New sequence variants associated with bone mineral density
Authors: Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Bjarni V Halldorsson, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, G Bragi Walters, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Thorbjorg Jonsdottir, Jona Saemundsdottir, Steinunn Snorradóttir, Tuan V Nguyen, Peter Alexandersen, Jeffrey R Gulcher, John A Eisman, Claus Christiansen, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Particle Geometry and Mechanics in Biomedical Applications: The Role of Particle Geometry and Mechanics in the Biological Domain (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2012)
Authors: James P. Best, Yan Yan, Frank Caruso
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Soft rod-like polymer particles flowing through a blood vessel are presented by Frank Caruso and co-workers on page 35. The geometry and mechanics of particles influence biological interactions and mechanisms. In the cover image, particles with three different lengths are shown.
Age-Dependent and Hypoxia-Related Differences in Myocardial Protection During Pediatric Open Heart Surgery
Authors: H. Imura, M. Caputo, A. Parry, A. Pawade, G. D. Angelini, M.-S. Suleiman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Current cardioplegic protection techniques used in pediatric cardiac surgery do not take into consideration age and cyanotic differences. The aim of the present work was to address this question by monitoring clinical outcome, myocardial metabolism, and reperfusion injury in pediatric patients protected by cold-crystalloid cardioplegia. Methods and Results —Fifty-eight patients (31 children and 27 infants) with or without hypoxic stress (cyanosis) undergoing open heart surgery with cold-crystalloid cardioplegia were included in the study. Clinical outcome measures assessed included inotropic and ventilatory support, intensive care, and hospital stay. Ischemia-induced changes in metabolism (adenine nucleotides, purines, lactate, and amino acids) were determined in ventricular biopsies collected at the beginning and end of ischemic time (cross-clamp time). Reperfusion injury was assessed by measuring postoperative serial release of troponin I. Evidence was observed of ischemic stress during cardioplegic arrest in children and infants as shown by significant changes in cellular metabolites. Compared with infants, children had significantly less reperfusion injury and better clinical outcome, and these factors were related to duration of ischemic time. Cyanosis did not influence outcome in infants, but cyanotic children showed worse reperfusion injury and clinical outcome than acyanotic children. Conclusions —Extent of myocardial protection with cold-crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric open heart surgery is dependent on age and degree of cyanosis.
REST AND REPAIR IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: JOHN W. FLINN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

More than fifty years ago Mr. John Hilton,<sup>1</sup>a prominent English surgeon, drew the attention of the profession to the marked value of physiologic and mechanical rest as a therapeutic agent in the cure of accidents and surgical diseases. In a series of masterly addresses delivered in London before the Royal College of Surgeons, Mr. Hilton described ''the marvellous contrivances which Nature has employed for securing rest to the different organs of the body when in health," and ''the instinctive promptings of Nature to secure rest on the occurrence of accidents or diseases." Mr. Hilton says: "So intimate is the association between rest and growth as to make them appear on a superficial view to stand to each other in relation of cause and effect. Accurate observation of the animal and vegetable world certainly reveals their perpetual coexistence; and growth as a rule seems<i>pari passu</i>with physiological rest.''
Guidelines for Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ABSTRACT Cardiac pacing has enjoyed rapid growth since it became technically available about 25 years ago. Its indications since then have broadened to include virtually every known arrhythmia. Criteria for pacing, published by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association in 1983, and since then adapted with modification by Medicare, divide indications for implantation of pacemakers into the following three classes: (1) pacing clearly required, (2) some disagreement about necessity, and (3) contraindicated.Guidelines for Cardiac Pacing is a videotape moderated by William C. Roberts, MD, editor in chief, American Journal of Cardiology. Panel members are Drs Leonard S. Dreifus, Seymour Furman, Paul C. Gillette, Jerry C. Griffin, David L. Hayes, and Paul A. Levine. Intermedics has produced Guidelines for Cardiac Pacing to clarify certain controversial gray areas concerning the use of pacemakers in patients with congenital heart block, acquired heart block, sinoatrial block, and hypersensitive carotid sinus
A diary of the plague year
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Epidemics have inspired many writers, perhaps because it is always so tempting to suppose that people reveal what they most truly are under extreme conditions. As Mark Tapley put it in Martin Chuzzlewit , there’s no credit in being happy if the circumstances are favourable.

Be that as it may, human behaviour in epidemics is always fascinating to read about. A large volume published in 1920 by the American Red Cross and the Harvard University Press, entitled Typhus Fever with Particular Reference to the Serbian Epidemic , written mainly by Richard B Strong and George C Shattuck, is in certain ways rather reassuring.

The epidemic of typhus in Serbia in 1915 killed about 150 000 people, mainly …
Study of The Joint Committee Recommendations for Clinical Staging of Cancer of the Breast
Authors: C. Zippin, D. A. Wood, D. Lum
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1962)

STAGE I No clinically palpable axillary lymphnode(s) (no metastasis suspected) -(N0) Tumor of 2 cm. or less in its greatest dimension (T1).Skin not involved (T,), or involved lo cally with Paget's disease (T5).No distant metastasis (M,).Tumor over 2 cm.(Tfl); or Skin attachment (dimpling) (T2); or Nipple retraction (subareolar tumors) (Tfl).No pectoral muscle or chest wall attach ment (Tfl).No distant metastasis(M). STAGE IIClinically palpable axi Ilary lym ph node(s) that are not fixed (metasta sis suspected)(NJ; Tumor of 2 cm. or less in its greatest dimension, as in Stage I (TJ.Skin not involved, as in Stage I (T,), or Paget's disease, as in Stage I (Tj.No distant metastasis(M).Tumor over 2 cm. as in Stage I (T2);or Skin attached (dimpling); or Nipple retraction (subareolar tumors), as in Stage I (Tfl);or No pectoral muscle or chest wall attach ment, as in Stage I (TJ.No distant metastasis (M).
An Introduction to Functional Histology, 2d Edition
Authors: Frank W. Fitch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Histology is dealth with more from a functional than a structural point of view in this volume, which is intended as a supplement to existing textbooks. The initial chapter discusses the cell, its structure and ultrastructure, and the functions of its various parts. Tissues are then considered, followed by a discussion of the organs. A brief outline of histological techniques is included. In all sections, electron microscopy and histochemistry receive considerable attention. Because of the emphasis, this volume would not be adequate as a sole textbook of histology. However, the thoughtful consideration of the interrelationships between structure and function gives a better appreciation of the significance of differences in morphology. It should be of special value to graduate students in helping to fill gaps that may exist in their training in physiology and biochemistry.