HIV and Atherosclerosis: Moving From Associations to Mechanisms and Interventions
Authors: Judith S. Currier, James H. Stein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Editorials1 April 2014HIV and Atherosclerosis: Moving From Associations to Mechanisms and InterventionsJudith S. Currier, MD, MSc and James H. Stein, MDJudith S. Currier, MD, MScFrom David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.Search for more papers by this author and James H. Stein, MDFrom David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0378 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In the decade since the first reports of an increased risk for atherosclerosis among patients being treated for HIV infection, multidisciplinary research teams around the globe have made substantial progress in understanding this important problem. Several studies have described an increase of approximately 50% in the relative risk for myocardial infarction, including recent work with well-matched control populations (1, 2). In addition, studies using noninvasive measures of subclinical atherosclerosis have provided an opportunity to closely examine associations between traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and HIV-specific risk factors. The findings from the large cross-sectional study reported by Post and colleagues (3) ...References1. Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:2506-12. [PMID: 17456578] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Freiberg MS, Chang CC, Kuller LH, Skanderson M, Lowy E, Kraemer KL, et al. HIV infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:614-22. [PMID: 23459863] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Post WS, Budoff M, Kingsley L, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Li X, et al. Associations between HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:458-67. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Kingsley LA, Cuervo-Rojas J, Muñoz A, Palella FJ, Post W, Witt MD, et al. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS. 2008;22:1589-99. [PMID: 18670218] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Lo J, Abbara S, Shturman L, Soni A, Wei J, Rocha-Filho JA, et al. Increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis detected by coronary computed tomography angiography in HIV-infected men. AIDS. 2010;24:243-53. [PMID: 19996940] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Fitch KV, Srinivasa S, Abbara S, Burdo TH, Williams KC, Eneh P, et al. Noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque and immune activation in HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis. 2013;208:1737-46. [PMID: 24041790] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Duarte H, Matta JR, Muldoon N, Masur H, Hadigan C, Gharib AM. Non-calcified coronary plaque volume inversely related to CD4(+) T-cell count in HIV infection. Antivir Ther. 2012;17:763-7. [PMID: 22293714] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Hearps AC, Maisa A, Cheng WJ, Angelovich TA, Lichtfuss GF, Palmer CS, et al. HIV infection induces age-related changes to monocytes and innate immune activation in young men that persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2012;26:843-53. [PMID: 22313961] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. Micheletti RG, Fishbein GA, Fishbein MC, Singer EJ, Weiss RE, Jeffries RA, et al. Coronary atherosclerotic lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a histopathologic study. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2009;18:28-36. [PMID: 18402832] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Judith S. Currier, MD, MSc; James H. Stein, MDAffiliations: From David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M14-0378.Corresponding Author: Judith S. Currier, MD, MSc, Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, 9991 West Pico Boulevard, Suite 980, Los Angeles, CA 90035; e-mail, jscurrier@mednet.ucla.edu.Current Author Addresses: Dr. Currier: Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, 9991 West Pico Boulevard, Suite 980, Los Angeles, CA 90035.Dr. Stein: Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, G7/341 CSC (MC 3248), Madison, WI 53792. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAssociations Between HIV Infection and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis Wendy S. Post , Matthew Budoff , Lawrence Kingsley , Frank J. Palella Jr. , Mallory D. Witt , Xiuhong Li , Richard T. George , Todd T. Brown , and Lisa P. 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