tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ROBISON NATIONAL CLEARING AND WORLD WIDE ADJUSTING COMPANIES
Authors: Frank M. Biddle
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —I have had an experience with the Robison National Clearing Company of Albany, N. Y., very similar to that of Dr. E. O. Price of Ladoga, Ind. Last March a Mr. P. T. Rosenkans, representing the above-named company, called on me and represented that they were getting up a credit book and wanted a list of my delinquent accounts, offering to collect them for 50 per cent of the first $100 collected and 15 per cent of all after the first hundred. He said that I did not have to sign any contract and that I would receive a credit book in due time with a rating of people in Tippecanoe and adjoining counties. I did not sign any contract. In a few days I received two lists from the company at Albany, asking me to look them over, correct any errors, sign one and retain the
Safety for Children in Automobiles
Authors: Lee N. Hames
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the current issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>(129:946-949, 1975) an article entitled, "Are 1974-1975 Automotive Belt Systems Hazardous to Children?" squarely faces the problem of trauma to children<i>as a result of</i>using restraint systems in automobiles. It decries the apparently widely accepted, but unsupported, belief that children should not wear safety belts, and asks pediatricians to report both injuries and cases in which restraints have been effective in preventing or reducing the severity of injuries. Since pediatricians often do not hear about children who were<i>uninjured</i>in a motor vehicle crash, it is hoped that other physicians who may hear about such incidents from adult patients would also report. (Physicians may write directly to Richard G. Snyder, PhD, Highway Safety Research Institute, Huron Parkway and Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, or to me at the AMA.) The need for data in regard to child
Mutations in Fbx4 Inhibit Dimerization of the SCFFbx4 Ligase and Contribute to Cyclin D1 Overexpression in Human Cancer
Authors: Olena Barbash, Petia Zamfirova, Douglas I. Lin, Xiangmei Chen, Ke Yang, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Fengmin Lu, Anil K. Rustgi, J. Alan Diehl
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Course of treatment response in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia
Authors: S R Szymanski, T D Cannon, F Gallacher, R J Erwin, R E Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The timing and clinical correlates of symptom change following antipsychotic treatment were examined in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia.The subjects were 36 first-episode schizophrenic patients who had received minimal or no neuroleptics and 34 patients with chronic illness whose neuroleptics had been withdrawn. They were followed for 2 years and assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Treatment decisions during follow-up were made clinically by the treating physicians.At 6-month follow-up, both the neuroleptic-naive and previously treated patients showed significant improvement in positive symptoms (52% and 44% reductions from baseline, respectively). The previously treated but not the neuroleptic-naive patients also showed a significant reduction in negative symptoms (19% from baseline). A longer duration of illness before baseline assessment and inconsistent treatment during follow-up were independently associated with poorer treatment outcome in terms of positive symptoms in both groups. There were no significant changes on the outcome measures in either group after the 6-month follow-up.The results suggest that maximum symptomatic improvement occurs within the first 6 months of treatment and that disease progression may blunt treatment efficacy in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia.
High-Altitude Edema
Authors: Herbert N. Hultgren
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In regard to the question on pitting leg edema after a backpacking trip (238:1957, 1977), it would be important to know if the physician experienced edema during or after a backpacking trip to an altitude exceeding 2,400 m. Many hikers experience moderate facial and lower extremity edema during exposure to high altitude with a diuresis and loss of edema on return to a lower elevation. Women are more likely to experience edema than men. 1 A high salt intake will accentuate the edema. The use of acetazolamide (Diamox) or furosemide (Lasix) will prevent fluid retention. The condition is asymptomatic and occurs in normal subjects. The cause is unknown, but aldosterone or other steroids may play a role since an abrupt, moderate decrease in plasma volume occurs within the first 24 hours after exposure to high altitude and may increase the output of sodium-retaining steroids.
Nitric oxide and prostacyclin modulate the alterations in cardiac action potential duration mediated by platelets during ischaemia
Authors: N. V. Goulielmos, Z. E. Enayat, D. J. Sheridan, H. Cohen, N. A. Flores
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

To investigate the effects of alterations of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) availability on platelet-mediated electrophysiological effects during myocardial ischaemia.Transmembrane action potentials and electrograms were recorded from isolated, Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig hearts during normal perfusion, global myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion during infusion of washed human platelets. Experiments were performed in the presence of 100 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 30 microM L-arginine, 10 microM haemoglobin, 100 microM sodium nitroprusside and 2.3 nM iloprost, or using hearts obtained from DL-lysine monoacetylsalicylate (Aspisol, 50 mg.kg-1 i.p.)-treated animals.Perfusion with L-NAME and haemoglobin increased perfusion pressure by 33% (P = 0.0017) and 23% (P = 0.0026) while sodium nitroprusside and iloprost reduced it (17%, P = 0.0004, and 24%, P = 0.0006). In the absence of platelets, these compounds had no effect on arrhythmogenesis, but in the presence of platelets L-NAME reduced the onset time of ventricular tachycardia during ischaemia from 19.4 (s.e.m. 2.0) min to 12.9 (2.1) min, P = 0.04 and accentuated the ischaemia-induced reduction of action potential duration at 95% repolarization (APD95): 95(6) vs. 115(5) ms, P < 0.05 at 25 min. Sodium nitroprusside in the presence of platelets attenuated the ischaemia-induced reduction in APD95, while iloprost in the presence of platelets was antiarrhythmic (ventricular fibrillation 25 vs. 75%, P = 0.04) and attenuated the reduction in APD95 during ischaemia 115(4) vs. 94(4) ms, P < 0.05 at 20 min. Infusion of platelets into hearts obtained from DL-lysine-monoacetylsalicylate-treated guinea-pigs accentuated the ischaemia-induced reduction in APD95 (94(4) vs. 119(7) ms, P < 0.05 at 20 min) and this was reversed by sodium nitroprusside (117(7) ms, P < 0.05 at 20 min). L-NAME and haemoglobin had no effect on the aggregatory responses of the platelets to 5 microM ADP and 4 micrograms.ml-1 collagen, while sodium nitroprusside and iloprost ablated the responses to ADP and reduced the responses to collagen (maximum height of the aggregatory response reduced by 75 and 84%, respectively, both P = 0.03.)Inhibition of NO and PGI2 synthesis exacerbates the reduction in cardiac action potential duration associated with platelet activation during ischaemia, while provision of exogenous NO and PGI2 attenuates the reduction in cardiac action potential duration. Provision of exogenous NO and PGI2 (as iloprost) was associated with inhibition of platelet reactivity.
Introduction of nurse led DC cardioversion service in day surgery unit: prospective audit
Authors: M P Currie, S P Karwatowski, J Perera, E J Langford
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent arrhythmia in adults and carries an increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke. Electrical (DC) cardioversion is an effective treatment, but logistical difficulties in many institutions lead to problems providing a prompt service. This reduces the rate of long term success, delays relief of symptoms, and increases the burden on anticoagulation clinics.Prospective audit of introduction of a collaborative, nurse led DC cardioversion service in a day surgery unit.Day surgery unit 5 km from an acute hospital in southeast London.Waiting times, success of procedures, and complication rates.Collaborative working across traditional specialty boundaries; empowerment of patients within the process; using a nurse consultant as a single point of reference to coordinate the service.Sinus rhythm was restored in 131 (92%) of the first 143 patients treated. Three patients needed hospital admission; all were discharged uneventfully within 24 hours. No important complications occurred. Waiting times were reduced from 27 weeks to eight weeks for patients eligible for the service.Elective DC cardioversion under general anaesthesia can be safely done by an appropriately trained nurse in a day surgery unit remote from an acute general hospital. This model of care is effective and can reduce waiting times and relieve pressure on acute beds and junior doctors.
Treatment of Nelson's syndrome by pituitary implantation of yttrium-90 or gold-198.
Authors: J Cassar, F H Doyle, P D Lewis, K Mashiter, S Noorden, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Eight patients with Nelson's syndrome were treated with a pituitary implant of yttrium-90 or gold-198 four to 16 years after adrenal surgery. All had considerable pigmentation. One already had cranial nerve abnormalities and visual field defects and had had both a craniotomy and deep x-ray treatment. Radiographs showed that the pituitary fossa was abnormal in seven patients. A biopsy performed in six cases showed mucoid (or basophil) adenoma in all. In the four specimens examined ACTH was identified by electron microscopy or immunofluorescence, or both. Patients were followed up after pituitary implantation for three months to 12 years. All showed decreased pigmentation, and six became normal. Four patients regained normal ACTH levels and the other two studied had decreased levels. In no case did new cranial nerve disease or further sellar expansion develop since operation, and two patients showed remodelling of the sella. Complications were temporary leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and diabetes insipidus in one patient and gonadotrophin deficiency in another.
Combined inhibitory effects of aspirin and ethanol on adrenaline exacerbation of acute platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries
Authors: J. W Keller, J. D Folts
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

This study was performed to see whether ethanol could potentiate the inhibitory effect of aspirin on recurrent platelet thrombus formation and subsequent embolisation, which have been shown to cause cyclic reductions in blood flow in 70% of mechanically stenosed dog coronary arteries.After mechanical stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery in open chest dogs, cyclic variations in blood flow were measured during treatment with aspirin, ethanol, or both.20 adult mongrel dogs were used: in group 1 (n = 5) each dog was given aspirin 5 mg.kg-1; in group 2 (n = 5) each was given 1.2 ml.kg-1 ethanol; in group 3 (n = 10) each was given aspirin 1 mg.kg-1 combined with either 0.3 or 0.6 ml.kg-1 ethanol.In group 1, aspirin 5 mg.kg-1 abolished cyclic reductions in circumflex blood flow, but an intravenous infusion of adrenaline (0.4 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for 15 min) caused them to return. In group 2, ethanol 1.2 ml.kg-1 abolished cyclic flow reductions but they returned after adrenaline infusion challenge. In group 3, aspirin 1 mg.kg-1 combined with either 0.6 or 0.3 mg.kg-1 ethanol abolished cyclic flow reductions and protected against their return during adrenaline infusion challenge in 9/10 dogs.The results suggest that ethanol potentiates the inhibitory effects of aspirin on platelet thrombus formation in our model of simulated coronary artery disease.
Cyril Samarawickrama Pallewela
Authors: R. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Professor of medicine whose famous report on inequality and health fell foul of the Thatcher government Sir Douglas Black was one of medicine's most important and well loved individuals.His many achievements included a professorship of medicine in Manchester, research on salt and water balance, persuading the profession in the 1940s and 1950s that the NHS was a good thing, and the presidency of the Royal College of Physicians.But he is best known for his 1980 Black report, which spelt out the social inequalities in health and proposed ways of reducing them.In 1977 the then Labour government's health secretary, David Ennals, chaired an expert committee investigating why the NHS had apparently failed to reduce social inequalities in health, and he commissioned Black to write a report.The result was published-or, rather, suppressed-in 1980, when the Conservatives had come to power.The Black report was not to Mrs Thatcher's liking and was never printed; instead, 260 photocopies were distributed in a half hearted fashion on Bank Holiday Monday.However, the report had a huge impact on political thought in the United Kingdom and overseas.It led to an assessment by the Office for Economic Co-Operation and Development and the World Health Organization of health inequalities in 13 countries-though not on UK government policy.Penguin Books later published a shorter version of the report.Black provided convincing figures that showed what many suspected-that the poorest had the highest rates of ill health and death.He argued that these rates could not be explained solely by income, education, mobility, or lifestyle, but were also caused by a lack of a coordinated policy that would ensure uniform delivery of services.He recommended health goals, tax changes, benefit increases, and restrictions on the sale and advertising of tobacco.Patrick Jenkin, the social services secretary, estimated with a shudder that Black's proposals-which he hinted were little short of outrageouswould cost an unthinkable £2bn a year.Thin, gentle mannered, poker faced, and self effacing, Black was deeply moral, always serious, and frequently extremely funny.His after dinner speeches were received with rapt attention, as to miss a moment of that soft Scottish voice was to miss a joke.He
Physics envy: Trying to fit a square peg into a round hole
Authors: James Shanteau, David J. Weiss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) argue that classical probability (CP) fails to describe human decision processes accurately and should be supplanted by quantum probability. We accept the premise, but reject P&amp;B's conclusion. CP is a prescriptive framework that has inspired a great deal of valuable research. Also, because CP is used across the sciences, it is a cornerstone of interdisciplinary collaboration.
Unventilated Indoor Coal-Fired Stoves in Guizhou Province, China: Reduction of Arsenic Exposure through Behavior Changes Resulting from Mitigation and Health Education in Populations with Arsenicosis
Authors: Dong An, Dasheng Li, Yin Liang, Zhengjin Jing
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

We the report results of a coordinated mitigation effort aimed at reducing arsenic (As) exposure in three counties of Guizhou province, China. Mitigation occurred in 2005 and encompassed 21 villages with 47,000 inhabitants, who were exposed to high levels of As in their diet through consumption of As-contaminated chili peppers and corn dried over unventilated stoves that burned coal containing high levels of As. The coal was mined by villagers from local pits. Inhalation of air that contained high levels of As contributed to approximately 25% of the daily As intake of 6–9 mg. Before mitigation, a baseline survey of 45,364 residents in 2004 identified more than 2,800 individuals with arsenicosis. The survey also found that many residents were aware of the health effects of As in general but lacked in-depth understanding of the link between coal use and arsenicosis. Consequently, an overwhelming majority (> 95%) continued to use high-As coal. This survey provided the basis for a health education campaign that promoted lifestyle changes coupled with the shutting down of local coal pits and the installation of 10,000 new stoves with chimneys for ventilation. The cost of the mitigation was about 4 million Yuan RMB (US$500,000) and was financed mostly by the government. A postmitigation response survey in 2005 found that > 85% of the residents now associate the use of coal with arsenicosis; > 90% correctly learned to operate the new ventilated stoves; and > 90% dry corn and chili peppers outdoors in the sun. Urinary As concentrations in the region decreased from 0.198 ± 0.300 mg/L (n = 144) in 2004 to 0.049 ± 0.009 mg/L (n = 50) in 2005 in individuals with arsenicosis (p < 0.01), which is consistent with the behavior changes.
Pharyngeal Placement of the Funnel of an Esophageal Prosthesis in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: P. v. Maercke, B. Kometz, G. Bueß
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Cervical location of esophageal carcinoma is generally accepted as a contra-indication for palliative intubation. Seven patients with a cervical neoplasm were treated by placement of a tube. Four patients tolerated the tube well, 2 patients complained of a persistent sensation of pressure and had their tube removed. The 4 successfully treated patients were able to swallow normal food. We are of the opinion that cervical esophageal cancer does not represent an absolute contra-indication for palliative intubation.
Abstract 1422: High <i>FLT3</i> mRNA expression without <i>FLT3</i>-ITD in infants with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Akira Shimada, Miho Yamada, Yuka Yamashita, Toshiya Yokozawa, Daisuke Tomizawa, Akitoshi Kinoshita, Takashi Taga, Akio Tawa, Tomohiko Taki, Yasuhide Hayashi, Junichiro Fujimoto, Keizo Horibe, Souichi Adachi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: When compared to older patients, infants with acute leukemia exhibit high frequency of MLL gene rearrangement (MLL-R), and are known to have higher vulnerability to intensive cytotoxic therapy, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In contrast to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants, there have been a few reports on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in infants including our group (A. Shimada et al, ASH 2011). We and other group reported that MLL-R had the clinical impact in infant ALL, however, not in infant AML. Infant ALL with MLL-R expressed high FLT3 mRNA, on the other hand, the importance of FLT3 mRNA remains to be obscure in infant AML. Patients: Forty four infants with AML, aged less than 1 year at diagnosis, registered in JPLSG AML-05 from 2006-2010. Patients with Down syndrome were excluded. The most frequent FAB classification type was M7 (18/44, 40.9%), followed by M5 (15/44, 34.1%), and M4 (4/44, 9.0%). Total 16 of 44 (36.4%) infant AML patients had MLL-R, 9 patients were detected by G-banding method, and other 7 patients were by FISH analysis or RT-PCR. There was not t(8;21), t(15;17) except for one inv(16) patient. Methods: FLT3 mRNA expression and internal tandem duplication (ITD) were analyzed in the first diagnostic bone marrow samples by RQ-PCR and PCR. Results: No patients had FLT3-ITD, however, higher FLT3 mRNA expression was found in MLL-R patients (n=16) (median 623,150 copies/μgRNA) compared with MLL-wild type (WT) (n=28) (median 25,105) (p&amp;lt;0.005). This phenomenon was also observed in 12-23 months AML patients. Discussion: High FLT3 mRNA expression was reported in infant ALL with MLL-R and it can be a molecular target for FLT3 inhibitor. On the other hand, there was no report in infant AML. Our previous data suggested that SCT had the limited efficacy for infant AML, FLT3 inhibitor might be considered to be used for infant AML with MLL-R in future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1422. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1422
Critical role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, but not 2, in hepatic stellate cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and liver fibrogenesis
Authors: Núria Tarrats, Anna Moles, Albert Morales, Carmen García-Ruiz, José C. Fernández-Checa, Montserrat Marí
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the progression of many chronic liver diseases leading to fibrosis; however, the role of TNF in fibrogenesis is controversial and the specific contribution of TNF receptors to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation remains to be established. Using HSCs from wild-type, TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) knockout, TNF-receptor-2 (TNFR2) knockout, or TNFR1/R2 double-knockout (TNFR-DKO) mice, we show that loss of both TNF receptors reduced procollagen-α1(I) expression, slowed down HSC proliferation, and impaired platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced promitogenic signaling in HSCs. TNFR-DKO HSCs exhibited decreased AKT phosphorylation and in vitro proliferation in response to PDGF. These effects were reproduced in TNFR1 knockout, but not TNFR2 knockout, HSCs. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression was dependent on TNF binding to TNFR1 in primary mouse HSCs. These results were validated in the human HSC cell line, LX2, using neutralizing antibodies against TNFR1 and TNFR2. Moreover, in vivo liver damage and fibrogenesis after bile-duct ligation were reduced in TNFR-DKO and TNFR1 knockout mice, compared to wild-type or TNFR2 knockout mice.TNF regulates HSC biology through its binding to TNFR1, which is required for HSC proliferation and MMP-9 expression. These data indicate a regulatory role for TNF in extracellular matrix remodeling and liver fibrosis, suggesting that targeting TNFR1 may be of benefit to attenuate liver fibrogenesis.
Surgical audit: one year's experience in a teaching hospital.
Authors: M Irving, J Temple
Journal: BMJ (1976)

For 12 months the surgical staff at Hope Hospital have operated a form of audit. The monitored information included work load, methods of treatment, complications, misdiagnoses, and deaths. The method described is suitable for any district general or teaching hospital provided adequate secretarial help is available. In addition to helping to maintain standards, an audit of this type has a positive educational role.
Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: F. Waagstein, A. Hjalmarson, K. Swedberg, M.R. Bristow, E.M. Gilbert, F. Camerini, M.B. Fowler, M.A. Silver, M.R. Johnson, F.G. Goss
Journal: The Lancet (1993)