tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiodensities in Long-Standing Acne
Authors: Rodney S. W. Basler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Roentgenographic identification of opaque deposits in the soft tissues of patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris has been described in the dermatologic literature. 1 These densities, in some cases, represent true metaplastic bone formation 2 and are clinically significant, while in other cases, the deposits are clinically obscure and may represent only dystrophic calcification. 3 These osteomas can be demonstrated by soft-tissue roentgenograms.  Report of a Case.—  A 19-year-old woman had had moderately severe acne of the face and back for approximately seven years. The condition was under fairly good control, with a few comedones and pustules, and she showed minimal scarring over her cheeks. In the area of acne involvement, multiple 1- 2-mm pigmented, firm nodules were noted. Nine of these nodules were incised and the osteomas removed (Fig 1). Tangential roentgenograms of the face showed the osteomas as multiple soft-tissue radiodensities (Fig 2).  Comment.—
When and How to Use Higher<sup>131</sup>I Doses for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Joel I. Hamburger, Sukhamoy Paul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Of 356 131I-treated hyperthyroid patients, 54 were selected for higher doses (20 to 100 mCi) because of heart disease, toxic nodular goiter or massive toxic diffuse goiter. Two euthyroid patients with progressive infiltrative ophthalmopathy and nonsuppressible function after previous surgery were also treated. Measures to protect heart patients from 131I-induced thyroxine discharge included adjustment of cardiac medications, reserpine, antithyroid drug pretreatment and hospitalization. Hypothyroidism was anticipated in patients with toxic diffuse goiter, and substitution therapy administered promptly. No adverse reactions occurred. Hyperthyroidism was controlled with one 131I dose in all but two patients, who required two. Hypothyroidism occurred in two of 36 patients with toxic nodular goiter, and 17 of 19 with toxic diffuse goiter. The euthroid state was achieved in one to three months in 51 patients and within six months in two. With proper pretherapy large doses of 131I may safely be administered to hyperthyroid patients, even with complicating heart disease.
Identification of integrin αMβ2 as an adhesion receptor on peripheral blood monocytes for Cyr61 (CCN1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2): immediate-early gene products expressed in atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Joseph M. Schober, Ningyu Chen, Tatiana M. Grzeszkiewicz, Igor Jovanovic, Eugene E. Emeson, Tatiana P. Ugarova, Richard D. Ye, Lester F. Lau, Stephen C.-T. Lam
Journal: Blood (2002)
New methods for detection of low levels of DNA damage in human populations.
Authors: W A Haseltine, W Franklin, J A Lippke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The use of a postlabeling method to characterize and to detect infrequent base modifications in DNA is outlined. This method has the advantage that low levels of DNA modifications, approximately 1 modified base per 10(5) nucleotides, can be detected. Moreover, a broad spectrum of modification can be identified by using this methodology. The basis for the method involves transfer of a radioactive phosphate from the gamma position of ATP to the 5'-hydroxyl terminus of 3'-phosphoryl nucleotides that are derived from modified DNA by appropriate nuclease digestion. The second method involves use of a defined DNA sequence within human cells. The alpha sequence is used as a probe for DNA damage to specific nucleotides. The alpha DNA sequence is reiterated approximately 300,000 times in the human genome and exists in tandem arrays. It comprises approximately 1% of the entire genome. The reiterated sequence is sufficiently homogeneous to permit its use as a probe for a site specific in DNA damage. Examples of the application of both of these methodologies to DNA damage inflicted in human cells by chemicals and ultraviolet light are provided.
DL-Penicillamine as a Cause of Optic Axial Neuritis
Authors: Jun-bi Tu
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Severe visual disturbance associated with lesions of the optic nerve developed in a Wilson's disease patient who had been receiving DL-penicillamine therapy for more than 2 years. Prompt relief was achieved with pyridoxine hydrochloride. These results suggest that the optic nerve lesions resulted from a penicillamine-induced pyridoxine deficiency. Furthermore, results of urinary xanthurenic acid excretion studies made on the patient before and after tryptophan loading tests, which were conducted during periods of no therapy, penicillamine therapy, and penicillamine plus pyridoxine therapy, indicate an alteration in pyridoxine metabolism in the presence of penicillamine. Although no other similar cases have been described, the present results indicate the possibility that patients on prolonged high dosage levels of penicillamine may require pyridoxine supplementation of their diet.
Identification of a Human Enterocyte Lipoxin A4 Receptor That Is Regulated by Interleukin (IL)-13 and Interferon γ and Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor α–induced IL-8 Release
Authors: Karsten Gronert, Andrew Gewirtz, James L. Madara, Charles N. Serhan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Epithelial cells of the alimentary tract play a central role in mucosal immunophysiology. Pathogens and/or agonists that interact with mucosal surfaces often elicit epithelial responses that upregulate inflammation. Therefore, it was of interest to explore potential epithelial targeted antiinflammatory signals. Here we identified and sequenced a human enterocyte lipoxin (LX) A4 [5(S),6(R),15(S)-trihydroxy-7,9,13-trans-11-cis eicosatetraenoic acid] receptor, and demonstrate that transcription of this receptor was controlled by cytokines, of which lymphocyte-derived interleukin (IL)-13 and interferon γ were the most potent. When lipoxins and LXA4 stable analogs were evaluated for enterocyte functional as well as immune responses, lipoxins sharply inhibited TNF-α–induced IL-8 release but did not alter either barrier function or agonist-stimulated chloride secretion. 15R/S-methyl-LXA4 and 16-phenoxy-LXA4 each attenuated (IC50 ∼10 nM) IL-8 release. Cyclooxygenase (COX) II is emerging as an important component in wound healing and proliferation in intestinal epithelia and when acetylated by acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) initiates the biosynthesis of a LXA4 receptor ligand. We therefore determined whether colonic cell lines (HT-29 Cl.19A, Caco-2, or T84) express the COX II isozyme. Results for RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that COX I as well as an IL-1β– and TNF-α–inducible COX II are expressed in HT-29 Cl.19A. In addition, aspirin-treated enterocytes generated 15R-HETE, a precursor of 15-epi-LXA4 biosynthesis, whose potent bioactions were mimicked by the stable analog 15R/S-methyl-LXA4. Taken together, these results identify an endogenous pathway for downregulating mucosal inflammatory events and suggest a potential therapeutic benefit for LXA4 stable analogs.
Letter: Serotonin and the mesenteric circulation.
Authors: R Adar, E W Salzman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1: 16).After the epidemic 89 (77%) had a four-fold titre rise.Of those under 20 years of age 46 out of 50 had posi,tive titres after the infection.Clinical illness occurred in over 50% of infected subjects.Five years later a follow-up study was done using 75-g oral carbohydrate load glucose tolerance test.Serum neutralizing antibody titres and two-hour plasma glucose levels were measured.Of the 136 persons under 25 years of age (M.= 65, F.= 71) the highest two-hour plasma glucose was 133 mg/100 ml.Persistence of positive titre levels was also documented since 77% of these subjects had a positive neutralizing antibody titre level.Even though it was in the young diabetic that Dr. Gamble and his colleagues were able to show the strongest association with positive Coxsackie B4 titres we could not show that Coxsackie B4 infection caused a single case of diabetes, though the attack rate in the 136 under 20 years of age at the time of the epidemic was extremely high.-We are, etc.,
Phase II study of panobinostat in combination with bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic glioma
Authors: E. Q. Lee, D. A. Reardon, D. Schiff, J. Drappatz, A. Muzikansky, S. A. Grimm, A. D. Norden, L. Nayak, R. Beroukhim, M. L. Rinne, A. S. Chi, T. T. Batchelor, K. Hempfling, C. McCluskey, K. H. Smith, S. C. Gaffey, B. Wrigley, K. L. Ligon, J. J. Raizer, P. Y. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Panobinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects in glioma that may work synergistically with bevacizumab. We conducted a multicenter phase II trial of panobinostat combined with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG). Patients with recurrent HGG were treated with oral panobinostat 30 mg 3 times per week, every other week, in combination with bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every other week. The primary endpoint was a 6-month progression-fee survival (PFS6) rate for participants with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Patients with recurrent anaplastic glioma (AG) were evaluated as an exploratory arm of the study. At interim analysis, the GBM arm did not meet criteria for continued accrual, and the GBM arm was closed. A total of 24 patients with GBM were accrued prior to closure. The PFS6 rate was 30.4% (95%, CI 12.4%–50.7%), median PFS was 5 months (range, 3–9 months), and median overall survival (OS) was 9 months (range, 6–19 months). Accrual in the AG arm continued to completion, and a total of 15 patients were enrolled. The PFS6 rate was 46.7% (range, 21%–73%), median PFS was 7 months (range, 2–10 months), and median OS was 17 months (range, 5 months–27 months). This phase II study of panobinostat and bevacizumab in participants with recurrent GBM did not meet criteria for continued accrual, and the GBM cohort of the study was closed. Although it was reasonably well tolerated, the addition of panobinostat to bevacizumab did not significantly improve PFS6 compared with historical controls of bevacizumab monotherapy in either cohort.
One-Week Seminar in Medical Writing
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

If medical literature is dull, how can we enliven it? Perhaps if physicians wrote more skillfully, their writings would be pleasanter to read and easier to remember. On the assumption that enhancement of writing skill is desirable for many physicians, the American Medical Association held its first one-week program in medical writing, Jan 17 to 21, 1966, at the AMA headquarters in Chicago. Twelve physicians, chosen from 85 applicants, attended this short course sponsored by the AMA Education and Research Foundation. Three instructors conducted the program: two senior editors ofThe Journaland a professor from the School of Journalism at Ohio State University. Participants in this test program came from areas of the country as far apart as Boston, Los Angeles, New Orleans, and Chicago. Their medical interests were equally varied, and included pathology, neurosurgery, radiology, virology, and community health. <h3>Program of Instruction.—</h3> Prior to the seminar each participant
The Cue-Stroke Band Ligator: A New Instrument for Variceal Ligation
Authors: S. Nijhawan, A. Shende, A. Joshi, A. Mathur, R. R. Rai
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopic variceal ligation has become the treatment of choice for eradicating esophageal varices [1]. It is safer than sclerotherapy and does not cause systemic side effects [2]. Ligation has also been proved to be superior to sclerotherapy for esophageal variceal obliteration [3]. An advantage of the multishooter ligators is that only one insertion is required, but these instruments apply bands using a pulling motion and this pulling pressure can damage the endoscope [4]. Our aim was to design our own ligator, the “cue-stroke band ligator” (CSBL), which works by pushing the band rather than pulling it. The name we gave the instrument was inspired by a stroke played in the game of billiards.
Effects of intravenously administered fructose and glucose on splanchnic amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic men.
Authors: B M Wolfe, S P Ahuja, E B Marliss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Splanchnic metabolism was studied in the fed state during prolonged intravenous administration (30 g/h) of either fructose or glucose to hypertriglyceridemic men who had been maintained on a high-carbohydrate diet for 2 wk. Splanchnic exchange of amino acids and carbohydrates was quantified by measurement of splanchnic flow and of blood or plasma arteriohepatic venous concentration gradients. Results obtained in subjects receiving fructose were compared with those obtained in (a) similar subjects receiving glucose and (b) postabsorptive controls maintained on isocaloric, balanced diets. Mean arterial plasma levels of alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, proline, valine, leucine, histidine, lysine, and ornithine were significantly higher in subjects given fructose than in those give glucose (P less than 0.05). The mean arterial concentration and splanchnic uptake of alanine were significantly higher in subjects given fructose than in postabsorptive controls, despite a significantly lower fractional extraction of alanine in the former (P less than 0.05). The mean arterial plasma levels of serine and ornithine were significantly lower in subjects receiving fructose than in postabsorptive controls (P less than 0.05). About half of the administered fructose or glucose was taken up in the splanchnic region, where approximately 15% was converted to CO2 and 10% to lactate. Half of the fructose taken up in the splanchnic region was converted to glucose released from the liver. The amount of hexose carbon remaining for hepatic synthesis of liquids in subjects given fructose was less than half of that of subjects given glucose. These studies demonstrate that fructose and glucose have divergent effects on amino acid metabolism and that during hypercaloric infusion of glucose (as with fructose), the human liver is a major site of lactate production.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the stent mounted aortic bioprosthetic valve in the mitral position. In vitro and in vivo studies.
Authors: M S Horowitz, P L Tecklenberg, D J Goodman, D C Harrison, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Echocardiograms were performed on 20 clinically stable patients following mitral valve replacement with glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic heterografts and three patients with antibiotic sterilized aortic homografts mounted in the mitral position. Such valves were evaluated in a test chamber at varied flow rates resulting in improved understanding of movements seen with the echocardiogram in vivo. The technique for recording the valvular stent and leaflets is described and a method for measuring several parameters is demonstrated. Initial diastolic slope averaged 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm/sec (range 1.9 to 3.3 cm/sec). Left ventricular outflow tract measured from the anterior portion of the stent to the interventricular septum averaged 1.5 +/- 0.5 cm at end-diastole and 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm at end-systole. Leaflet excursion averaged 1.5 +/- 0.3 cm (with a range from 1.0 to 2.1 cm). The ratio of internal to external stent diameters averaged 0.66 +/- 0.05 (with a range from 0.56 to 0.74).
Radiation Protection in the Radiologic and Health Sciences
Authors: ASHER J. Finkel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This small book was written primarily as an introduction to radiation protection for medical health physicists, radiology technicians, and physicians in residency training. The practicing physician will similarly find it useful, especially if he is concerned with problems of radiation exposure. The topics covered in succinct form include general aspects of radiation protection (elementary physics, units, detectors, meters, monitors, and maximum permissible dose), protection from radionuclides (working habits, legal matters, and internal dosimetry), and protection against external radiation (barriers and external dosimetry). The newly proposed Système International units, such as the becquerel, gray, and sievert, are used throughout the book. A useful glossary and good index are included. The brief table of natural logarithms is poorly reproduced from another publication. The concise presentation is enhanced by sample problems and by references to more extensive source books, both in the field of radiation protection and in radiobiology. The authors have not
Radiographic patterns and associations of osteoarthritis of the hip.
Authors: J Ledingham, S Dawson, B Preston, G Milligan, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A number of patterns of osteoarthritis of the hip are described, though studies are conflicting with respect to the frequency of such patterns and their associations. Two hundred and eleven patients (133 women, 78 men; mean age 66 years, range 29-86) referred to hospital with osteoarthritis of the hip were studied. Involvement was unilateral in 108 (51%) and bilateral in 89 (42%); 14 (7%) had undergone arthroplasty and were presenting with osteoarthritis hips). Sixty one per cent of hips had severe, 28% moderate, and 11% mild changes (Kellgren grade). Superior pole migration occurred in 82% (46% superolateral, 25% intermediate, 11% superomedial), medial/axial migration occurred in only 8%, and in 10% the pattern was indeterminate. In bilateral osteoarthritis of the hip the pattern was generally symmetrical. Superomedial and medial/axial patterns were proportionately more common in women, whereas superlateral osteoarthritis predominated in men. No association was found between multiple clinical nodes, radiographic polyarticular interphalangeal or first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and any migration pattern. Any interphalangeal osteoarthritis was negatively associated with medial migration. Only 40% of hips could be categorised as hypertrophic or atrophic; chondrocalcinosis at any site was associated with atrophic osteoarthritis; no associations were seen with Forestier9s disease. This large survey confirms the association between chondrocalcinosis and atrophic osteoarthritis of the hip. Importantly it suggests that gender, rather than associated osteoarthritis at other sites, is a major determinant of the pattern of osteoarthritis of the hip.
A NOTE ON THE SPHINCTERIC CONTROL OF THE BLADDER AFTER PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: C. Wallace, C. M. Page
Journal: BMJ (1911)

E1EDICJOURA 405 cutaneous injection of'7 oz. in an infant always reduced the specific gravity several points, and the injections were repeated t.wo or three times in the twenty-four hours until the specific gravity had fallen to a little below the norm-ial point, to allow some margin for further loss of -fiid.Dr. Coutts informed mne that when lhe h-ad formerly puslhed tlle injections of normnal salines to this extent the diar- rhoea increased, just as it does in cholera.With the hypertonic solution, however, this is naot the case in either disease, which seems to show that the stronger solution is as correct in principle in infaintile diarrhoea as it is in cholera.Furtlher, from .1 to 1 grain of calcium permani- ganate was added to each pint of the fluiid, with wlich the stomacll and large bowel were waslhed out on the admis- sion of the patient, in order to destroy and remove as much as possible of the toxic products in tlle gastro- intestinal tract.Resuilts.
Red cell survival studies in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: James S. Wiley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The in vivo survival of hereditary spherocytes has been investigated with the (51)Cr red cell survival technique. Spherocytes invariably showed a shorter survival in a normal recipient than in the donor's own circulation. Moreover transfusion of spherocytes from a mother to her son, both with hereditary spherocytosis, showed that "foreign" spherocytes have a shorter survival than the "self" spherocytes of the recipient. These findings are attributed to splenic reticuloendothelial blockade, specific towards hereditary spherocytes in the patient's own circulation. There was no correlation between the Na(+) influx and the hemolytic tendency of hereditary spherocytes when the latter was measured by the survival t(1/2) in compatible normal recipients. However osmotic fragility influenced cell survival since cells with high fragility were rapidly sequestered in the normal spleen. It is suggested that both cell shape and a selective reticuloendothelial blockade in the spleen are important factors in determining the severity of hemolysis in the individual patient.
The use and long-term benefit of isotretinoin
Authors: J. Norris, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Isotretinoin is effective in the treatment of acne, but at low doses (0·1 mg/kg) many patients relapse. Over the past 5 years we have treated 250 patients with either 0·5 mg/kg or 1·0 mg/kg of isotretinoin and have followed them up for up to 3 years to determine the relapse rate. All patients in each dose group responded well, with a 90% improvement in acne grade. The majority (86%) needed only 4 months'treatment, but 13% needed 6 months, and two patients required 9 months of continuous therapy. Patients with marked mucous membrane side‐effects tended to respond better than those without such side‐effects. The relapse rate in the 0·5 mg/kg group was significantly greater (42%) than in the 1·0 mg/kg group (13%) (P < 0·01); relapse was defined as the need for further oral therapy—either antibiotics or isotretinoin. Truncal acne was more likely to relapse than facial acne (P < 0·05). Younger patients relapsed more quickly than older patients (P < 0·05). Patients treated with isotretinoin fell into one of five categories: (i) severe acne with isotretinoin as first‐line therapy (18%); (2) failure to improve on conventional antibiotic therapy (55%); (3) rapid relapse after two courses of conventional antibiotic therapy (21%); (4) Gram‐negative folliculitis (3%); and (5) severe psychological disturbance about minor degrees of acne that normally would not require isotretinoin (3%). We thus recommend 1·0 mg/kg as the best dose of isotretinoin for long‐term benefit in acne, and that isotretinoin should now be considered as part of the treatment for less severe types of acne.
Contractile and electrophysiological responses to progressive digitalis toxicity
Authors: V. S. BANKA, B. J. SCHERLAG, R. H. HELFANT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Contractile force and intraventricular conduction during progressive ouabain infusion were examined in 15 dogs using a Walton-Brodie strain gauge arch and sequential atrial and bundle of His pacing. This permitted: (1) contractile force determination; (2) overdrive of arrhythmias; (3) maintenance of normal contraction sequences; (4) 'normal' ventricular depolarization; (5) rate control; (6) conduction measurements of the H-V interval (His-Purkinje conduction), QRS (intramyocardial conduction), and H-S interval (total intraventricular conduction). Contractile force increased 21.2±4.3% at the onset of toxicity. After toxicity, there was a significant further increase (P < 0.01) to 50.1 f 12.4%. However, immediately before ventricular fibrillation, a 43.8 ± 8.2% decrease occurred (P < 0.01). H-V time showed no change (from 30 ± 2.7 to 31.5 ± 2.4 ms) at the onset of toxicity but after toxicity, it lengthened to 40.5 ± 3.1 ms (P < 0.05). QRS did show significant prolongation (69.5% ± 5.3 to 79.5 ± 6.9 ms; P < 0.05) at the onset of toxicity, but this was more marked (79.5 ± 6.9 to 130.5 ± 8.1 ms; P<0.01) after toxicity. H-S time was significantly prolonged (99.5 ± 6.2 to 111.0 ± 8.9 ms) before (P < 0.02) and after (P < 0.01) toxicity (111.O ± 8.9 to 171.1 ± 10.6 ms). During toxicity there is progressive increase in contractile force with continued ouabain infusion. Progressive prolongation of intramyocardial conduction occurs in nontoxic and toxic doses, but His-Purkinje conduction is prolonged only in supratoxic doses.