tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Carboplatin in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Naruo Yoshimura, Shinzoh Kudoh, Tatsuo Kimura, Shigeki Mitsuoka, Shigenori Kyoh, Yoshihiro Tochino, Kazuhisa Asai, Toyoki Kodama, Yukikazu Ichimaru, Takashi Yana, Kazuto Hirata
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)

Mainly single-agent chemotherapy has been considered as standard treatment for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Docetaxel monotherapy is regarded as a standard treatment for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, and recent subset analyses have suggested that platinum-based chemotherapy can be safely used in the elderly. This phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel and carboplatin in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.Patients enrolled in this study had stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with measurable disease, no prior chemotherapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and were 70 years or older. Treatment consisted of docetaxel at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) and carboplatin at area under the curve of 5 mg/ml/min on day 1 every 3 weeks.From October 2003 to April 2006, 30 patients were enrolled. One complete response and 13 partial responses were observed, for an overall response rate of 46.7% (95% confidence interval: 28.8-64.6%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival periods were 4.4 months and 9.9 months, respectively. One-year survival rate was 43.3%. Major grade 3 and 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (86.7%), leucopenia (80.0%) and febrile neutropenia (16.7%). Major grade 3 nonhematological toxicities were anorexia (30.0%) and diarrhea (13.3%). There were no grade 4 nonhematological toxicities or treatment-related deaths.Docetaxel combined with carboplatin was an active treatment with manageable toxicity for the treatment of elderly patients with chemotherapy-naive NSCLC.
Clinical Strategies for Breast Cancer Screening: Weighing and Using the Evidence
Authors: Russell Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

When balancing the benefits of screening women for breast cancer against the harms and costs of such screening, one needs to consider the risk for dying of breast cancer, the relative reduction in that risk that will result from screening women in different age groups, and the harms and costs associated with screening.Seven randomized, controlled trials provide evidence of the relative risk reduction that results from screening women in different age groups; other studies estimate the harms and costs of screening. These studies indicate that the benefit of screening, expressed as the absolute number of lives extended per 1000 women screened, increases with age and that the harm of screening, expressed as the number of follow-up procedures per cancer detected, decreases with age. Thus, the tradeoff between the benefits and the harms and costs of screening is better for older than for younger women. Because there is no clear cut-point for determining when benefits outweigh harms and costs, it is important to involve women in discussions of breast cancer screening. The women who most need to be involved are those for whom the benefits of screening clearly outweigh the harms and costs and those for whom the benefits and the harms and costs constitute a “close call.” For women in both groups, the physician should routinely raise the issue of screening, first eliciting the patient's perceptions and then providing information and discussion about the risk for breast cancer and about the benefits and the harms and costs of screening. Furthermore, the physician should encourage the patient to use her own values to weigh the benefits against the harms and costs, pointing out biases in reasoning and minimizing socioeconomic barriers. Finally, when the benefits obviously outweigh the harms and costs, the physician should make a clear recommendation for screening.
γδT cells elicited by CMV reactivation after allo-SCT cross-recognize CMV and leukemia
Authors: W Scheper, S van Dorp, S Kersting, F Pietersma, C Lindemans, S Hol, S Heijhuurs, Z Sebestyen, C Gründer, V Marcu-Malina, A Marchant, C Donner, B Plachter, D Vermijlen, D van Baarle, J Kuball
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Development of Cell Cycle Active Drugs for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers: A New Approach to Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The cell cycle represents a series of tightly integrated events that allow the cell to grow and proliferate. An essential part of the cell cycle machinery is the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). When activated, the CDKs provide a means for the cell to move from one phase of the cell cycle to the next (G1 to S or G2 to M). The cell cycle serves to protect the cell from genotoxic stress. In the setting of DNA damage, the CDKs are inhibited and the cell undergoes cell-cycle arrest. This provides the cell the opportunity to repair its own damaged DNA before it resumes cell proliferation. If a cell continues to cycle with its damaged DNA intact, the apoptotic machinery is triggered and the cell will undergo apoptosis. In essence, cell cycle arrest at these critical checkpoints represents a survival mechanism, which provides the tumor cell the opportunity to escape the effects of lethal DNA damage induced by chemotherapy. Over the past several years, a series of new targeted agents has been developed that promote apoptosis of DNA damaged tumor cells either during cell cycle arrest or following premature cell cycle checkpoint exit, such that tumor cells re-enter the cell cycle before DNA repair is complete. An understanding of the cell cycle and its relationship to p53 are critical for the successful clinical development of these agents for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Influence of ivabradine on reverse remodelling during mechanical unloading
Authors: Manoraj Navaratnarajah, Michael Ibrahim, Urszula Siedlecka, Carin van Doorn, Adarsh Shah, Ajay Gandhi, Priyanthi Dias, Padmini Sarathchandra, Magdi H. Yacoub, Cesare M. Terracciano
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Ivabradine (Iva) has shown beneficial structural and functional effects in clinical and experimental heart failure (HF), but its action in combination with mechanical unloading (MU), such as during treatment with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Iva during MU, in a rodent model of HF. We studied the chronic effects (4 weeks) of Iva (10 mg/kg/day) alone and in combination with MU [induced by heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation (HATx)] on whole-heart and cellular structure, function, and excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling in a rodent (rat) model of HF, 12 weeks post-left coronary artery (LCA) ligation. Effects of Iva were compared with those of β-blockade using metoprolol [(Met), 250 mg/kg/day]. Iva, but not Met, reversed myocardial fibrosis, alone and in combination with MU. MU-induced restoration of deranged E–C coupling was enhanced by Iva to a greater extent than Met: both Iva and Met enhanced the recovery of the Ca2+ transient amplitude and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content, but Iva alone maintained MU-induced normalization of L-type Ca2+ current and t-tubule abnormalities. Met prevented MU-induced reduction in the myocardial size (myocardial atrophy); Iva had no effect on this parameter. Iva shows beneficial structural and E–C coupling effects during MU: Iva reverses myocardial fibrosis and enhances the restoration of deranged E–C coupling, displaying more beneficial effects than that of Met. These results suggest that Iva may prove effective in enhancing functional recovery in heart failure patients receiving LVAD therapy.
Dimorphic Cardiac Adaptation to Obesity and Arterial Hypertension
Authors: FRANZ H. MESSERLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Cardiovascular function and structure were evaluated by M-mode echocardiography and systemic hemodynamics in paired lean and obese patients, either hypertensive or normotensive. Compared to lean patients, obese patients had greater left atrial (p less than 0.0001), ventricular (p less than 0.001), and aortic root (p less than 0.002) diameters; posterior and septal wall thickness (p less than 0.001); and ventricular mass, cardiac output, stroke volume, and stroke work (all p less than 0.0001). Hypertensive patients had increased posterior wall thickness, end diastolic wall stress, stroke work (p less than 0.01), and a lower radius to posterior wall thickness ratio indicating concentric hypertrophy (p less than 0.001) when compared to normotensive patients. Cardiac adaptation to obesity consists of left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy (eccentric hypertrophy) irrespective of arterial pressure levels. In contrast, essential hypertension solely produces concentric hypertrophy. Both obesity and hypertension increase left ventricular stroke work by disparate hemodynamic mechanisms; their presence in the same patient will tax the heart and increase the long-term risk of congestive failure.
Bone Scan in a Case of Amyloidosis
Authors: JAMES W. MOYLE, STEWART M. SPIES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed as having multiple myeloma and tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease) in 1973. In 1975, she complained of skin nodules in her lower extremities. Biopsy showed that these were amyloid nodules. A bone scan in 1978 showed accumulation of Tc-99m-MDP in the nodules. To our knowledge, this finding has not been previously described.
Incidence of cytomegalovirus disease in the aquitaine cohort of HIV-infected patients: A retrospective survey, 1987–1993
Authors: F. Saillour, N. Bernard, J.-M. Ragnaud, P. Morlat, Y. Blanchard, E. Monlun, E. Labouyrie, G. Chene, F. Dabis
Journal: Journal of Infection (1997)
Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Disk Disorders
Authors: Eugene Carragee
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MASTOID DISEASE WITHOUT OTORRHOEA
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1929)

BRITTIS 1099 in the case of both husband aiid wife was niegative, anid no obviouis cause could be found to account for the obstetric cliniical history.In Marclh, 1926, the patient again became pregnant, and she was imnmediately placed upon a diet rich in vitamin E, togetlher witl calcium lactate (60 grains per diem) and a preparation of ovarian hormone.The pregnancy progressed to term in a n-ormal manner, anid a chiild weighing 10 lb. was delivered by Caesarean section oni Dee.nmbe 22iid, 1927.Caec S.-Mrs.S., aged 32, a 2-para.Her first cliild was premnature, and weighed 6i lb.It was reared with difficulty.The second pregniancy was complicated by hydramnios, and a clhild slhowing ani extreme degree of spina hifida was born at the thirty-second week of gestation.The patienlt became pregnant again at the end of No 7ember, 1928.She was placed upon a similar regime, with the addition of iodine, and a healthy child weighing 8 lb. was born in September, 1929.The existence of a small elon-gated dimple over the lower part of the lumbar spine and sacrum showed the tendency to spina bifida which had complicated the preceding gestation.Contagious Abortion.I will conclude with a short reference to the qtuestion of contagious abortion in relation to the humain species.In
596 TETRASPANIN-ENRICHED MICRODOMAINS INVOLVEMENT IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION: ROLE OF CD151
Authors: P. Sanz-Cameno, S. Martin-Vilchez, M.J. Borque, Y. Rodriguez-Munoz, P.L. Majano, L. Garcia-Buey, M. Trapero-Marugan, M. Lopez-Cabrera, R. Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Hemodynamic and clinical limitations of long-term inotropic therapy with amrinone in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
Authors: M Packer, N Medina, M Yushak
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To determine the hemodynamic and clinical effects of long-term positive inotropic stimulation on the myocardium, we treated 31 patients with severe chronic heart failure with oral amrinone (600 mg daily) and performed invasive hemodynamic studies during short- and long-term treatment with the drug. Stroke volume and stroke work indexes increased markedly during the first 48 hr of therapy (p less than .01) but returned to pretreatment values after 2 to 10 weeks; upon drug withdrawal, both variables deteriorated rapidly to values significantly lower than those observed before treatment with amrinone (p less than .01), despite similar values for left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance. This pattern of response indicated that progression of the underlying heart disease had occurred during treatment with amrinone and contributed importantly to its failure to produce long-term benefits. Progression of left ventricular dysfunction was associated with a progressive increase in heart rate and plasma renin activity and a decline in serum sodium concentration. Clinically, amrinone therapy was complicated by sustained symptomatic ventricular tachycardia in four patients, worsening myocardial ischemia in four patients, and worsening congestive heart failure in eight patients, all of whom had been stable before entry into the study; only three of the 31 patients improved clinically. Ten patients died during the first 2 weeks of treatment, and 16 (52%) were dead within 3 months, a mortality rate twice as great as that seen during comparable trials with vasodilating drugs. Although noncardiac adverse effects were frequent, they were not the primary reason for drug failure. In conclusion, long-term therapy with amrinone may accelerate progression of left ventricular dysfunction, exacerbate myocardial ischemia, and provoke life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, thereby shortening survival in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Prolonged administration of inotropic drugs may achieve short-term gains at the expense of long-term detrimental effects on the myocardium.
Attenuation of increased regional myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise as a major cause of warm-up phenomenon
Authors: Yasushi Okazaki, Kazuhisa Kodama, Hiroshi Sato, Masafumi Kitakaze, Atsushi Hirayama, Masayoshi Mishima, Masatsugu Hori, Michitcshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Tobacco policy must not increase poverty, says report
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British government's policy of increasing the real price of cigarettes each year does nothing to cut smoking among the least well off, according to research carried out by the Policy Studies Institute, an independent charity. Indeed, say the researchers, it merely increases hardship, since those least able to afford cigarettes are those who are most likely to smoke.

The study, which was funded by the Health Education Authority, finds that, while smoking has halved among the better off families in Britain since the 1970s, there has been no change among those on low incomes. In addition, lone parents …
Recent advances: Plastic surgery
Authors: R. Grover, R. Sanders
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The primary aims of plastic surgery are the restoration of appearance and function. This includes reconstruction after traumatic defects, congenital anomalies, and ablative surgery for malignancy, as well as surgery of the hand, breast surgery, and the field of aesthetic surgery. Considerable advances are being made as we begin to understand the biological basis for tissue regeneration, malignant neoplasia, and wound healing. The tools of the plastic surgeon now encompass the means of cellular manipulation of these biological processes.
Epoxyeicosatrienoates are the dominant eicosanoids in human lungs upon microbial challenge
Authors: L. Kiss, H. Schütte, W. Padberg, N. Weissmann, K. Mayer, T. Gessler, R. Voswinckel, W. Seeger, F. Grimminger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Lipoxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase and cytochrome P450 (CYP) products of arachidonic acid (AA) are implicated in pulmonary vasoregulation. The CYP-mediated epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) have been described previously as the predominant eicosanoids in human lungs upon stimulation with the Ca 2+ ionophore A23187. In this study, we challenged perfused human lungs with two microbial agents: Escherichia coli haemolysin (ECH) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Both stimuli elicited pronounced generation of leukotrienes (LTs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), prostanoids (PTs) and EETs/dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), as assessed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, paralleled by pulmonary artery pressor response and lung oedema formation. The maximum buffer concentrations of EETs/DHETs surpassed those of LTs plus HETEs and PTs by a factor of four (ECH) or three (AA/fMLP). Dual 5-lipoxygenase/cyclo-oxygenase inhibition caused pronounced reduction of AA/fMLP-induced LT/PT synthesis and oedema formation but only limited attenuation of pulmonary vasoconstriction, while inhibition of CYP epoxygenase clearly attenuated AA/fMLP-induced EET/DHET synthesis and vasoconstriction but not oedema formation, suggesting a major contribution of LTs/PTs to vascular leakage and of EETs/DHETs to pressor response. Consequently, generation of EETs/DHETs is greater than that of LTs plus HETEs and PTs in ex vivo perfused human lungs upon microbial challenge suggesting a substantial contribution of these mediators to inflammatory–infectious pulmonary injury.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Martin H. Reinberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

importance of early diagnosis and institution of treatment of diabetes mellitus cannot be overemphasized. As was pointed out recently, 1 The insidious onset of the disease is the greatest handicap.... From every viewpoint—personal, community, economic and professional —it is urgent that unrecognized diabetes be discovered and medical care instituted.  There is experimental evidence 2 that pancreatic islet cells can regenerate and that early pathological changes in diabetes are reversible.  island cells of the diabetic pancreas are thought to be in a constant process of destruction and regeneration, with eventual dominance of the former. Thus the proper treatment of young persons with more resilient tissues may bring about appreciable regeneration of damaged island cells, 3 and the importance of prompt discovery of diabetes becomes apparent.  Unfortunately, although intensive management is most promising when begun at the onset of the disease, 4 the treatment of diabetes is now too often
The Denial of Chest Pain in 32 Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harry S. Olin, Thomas P. Hackett
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Thirty-two patients with an acute myocardial infarction were investigated soon after they were hospitalized. The principal symptom of all but one was pain, which was severe in 27 and moderate in five. Despite the fact that most of the 32 patients were familiar with the symptoms of coronary disease, their first impulse was to explain away the pain by attributing it to other conditions less threatening than myocardial infarction. Even the nine patients who correctly diagnosed the cause of their pain did not take appropriate steps to obtain treatment. The patients' reaction was "it couldn't happen to me," an attitude which persisted long after they were admitted to the hospital. None complained to the investigator of being frightened or anxious and only one directly mentioned that he was worried about dying. Furthermore, none asked either for sedatives or for reassurance about his immediate future. The direct statements and hospital behavior of the 32 patients were consistent with their denial of death fear while serious cardiac symptoms were developing and throughout their hospital course.
Src Uses Cas to Suppress Fhl1 in Order to Promote Nonanchored Growth and Migration of Tumor Cells
Authors: Yongquan Shen, Zhenyu Jia, Robert G. Nagele, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Gary S. Goldberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Anchorage independence and motility are hallmarks of tumor cell growth. Tumor cell growth and morphology can be normalized by contact with nontransformed cells. The Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates specific sites on the focal adhesion adaptor protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to promote nonanchored cell growth and migration. We studied the effects of Src and Cas on the expression of &amp;gt;14,000 genes to identify molecular events that underlie these activities. Gene expression in tumor cells that were normalized by neighboring nontransformed cells was used as an additional filter to identify genes that control metastatic cell growth. This process enabled the identification of genes that play roles in anchorage-independent cell growth and migration. One candidate, four and a half LIM domains 1 (Fhl1), acts as a transcriptional regulator that can associate with cell junctions as well as with the nucleus. We show here that Src phosphorylates Cas to block Fhl1 expression. In addition, suppression of Fhl1 is required for Src to promote tumor cell growth. These data show that Fhl1 is a tumor suppressor gene that acts downstream of Src and Cas to specifically block anchorage-independent cell growth and migration. Moreover, Fhl1 was suppressed in tumors from several human tissues. Thus, identification of how Fhl1 controls fundamental aspects of tumor cell growth and metastasis may lead to the development of novel markers that can be used to diagnose human clinical specimens as well as open innovative avenues of investigations aimed at developing reagents that target cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1543-52)