tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High frequency of cholestasis in generalized pustular psoriasis: Evidence for neutrophilic involvement of the biliary tract
Authors: Manuelle Viguier, Matthieu Allez, Anne-Marie Zagdanski, Philippe Bertheau, Eric de Kerviler, Michel Rybojad, Patrice Morel, Louis Dubertret, Marc Lémann, Hervé Bachelez
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Generalized pustular psoriasis is a rare form of psoriasis that is sometimes associated with extracutaneous manifestations. Evidence for biliary involvement has been suggested in isolated cases. We investigated the prevalence and nature of liver abnormalities occurring in this disease. Twenty-two patients consecutively admitted for generalized pustular psoriasis who underwent liver biological tests at the time of the attack and during the following weeks were included. Twenty patients (90%) had at least one abnormal biological liver parameter. Eleven patients (50%) had pronounced abnormalities: jaundice (4/22), gammaglutamyl transferase higher than 5 times the normal value (10/22), alkaline phosphatase higher than twice the normal value (7/22), and/or aminotransferases higher than 3 times the normal value (7/22). These abnormalities returned to normal range at the time of remission of pustular psoriasis, suggesting that severe liver abnormalities could be associated with severe cutaneous disease. Neutrophilic cholangitis was observed on liver biopsy. Persistent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography features similar to those observed in sclerosing cholangitis were found in 3 of the 4 patients studied. No causal factor other than pustular psoriasis could be identified. In conclusion , our results demonstrate the high frequency of liver abnormalities in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis. Biliary involvement related to neutrophilic cholangitis should be added to the spectrum of extracutaneous manifestations of this disease, and physicians should be aware of such a complication. (Hepatology 2004;40:452-458.)
Pacemaking on Demand in AV Block
Authors: Louis Lemberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Modification of the existing portable electric cardiac pacemakers to produce programmed interval pacing increases their usefulness and safety. The currently available pacemakers function by continually stimulating the heart at a preset interval. During ventricular asystole or with a slow ventricular rate, the artificial pacemaker governs the heart with periodic interference by the natural pacemaker. This competition between natural and artificially induced beats is capable of producing bizarre arrhythmias when atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances are transient or when higher ventricular rates recur. The new pacemaker which stimulates only on demand, reduces the competition and interference thus obviating hazardous arrhythmias.
Focal Retardation and Arrestment of Growth of Bones Due to Vitamin A Intoxication
Authors: Charles N. Pease
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Retardation of growth and early closure of the epiphyses were observed in seven children hospitalized for severe symptoms of hypervitaminosis A. The acute symptoms abated after the excessive intake of vitamin A was stopped, but the bony changes were more lasting and in three cases the growth of the legs was seriously impaired. The large doses of vitamin A preparations had been administered to the children at home by their mothers, who had increased the dosages prescribed by their respective physicians. The evidence indicated that children differ as to the rate at which they metabolize vitamin A, and the amount of vitamin required to cause intoxication varied considerably.
Hypercalcemia in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Cyrus Makoui
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is an extremely rare cause of hypercalcemia associated with malignant neoplasms. The case of a patient with extensive squamous cell carcinoma of both buttocks and thighs, with severe hypercalcemia is reported. The data presented indicate secretion of a humoral factor by the tumor, producing hypercalcemia. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1882-1883, 1978)
Making Hospital Geriatrics Work
Authors: H. M. Hodkinson, P. M. Jefferys
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The first year's work at a new geriatric department at Northwick Park Hospital shows that active policies revolutionize the geriatric service and result in high turnover of patients and no waiting list. Comparison with low turnover/waiting list departments shows the effects of a waiting list in terms of diminished therapeutic benefit and less favourable outcome for patients admitted. The requirements for elimination of the waiting list appear to be well directed policies and adequate and enthusiastic staff. Active geriatrics results in high morale and could be widely applicable within the present hospital bed resources given the necessary improvements in staffing.
Enhancing Informed Consent in Clinical Trials and Exploring Resistances to Disclosing Adverse Clinical Trial Results
Authors: John D. Banja, Boadie Dunlop
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

The impression one derives from the target article on “The Duty to Disclose Adverse Clinical Trials Results” is that Liao and colleagues (2009) envision a research platform consisting only of a tea...
Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Proteins of the G12 Family Shape Immune Functions by Controlling CD4+ T Cell Adhesiveness and Motility
Authors: Susanne Herroeder, Peter Reichardt, Antonia Sassmann, Barbara Zimmermann, Dagmar Jaeneke, Jana Hoeckner, Markus W. Hollmann, Klaus-Dieter Fischer, Stephan Vogt, Robert Grosse, Nancy Hogg, Matthias Gunzer, Stefan Offermanns, Nina Wettschureck
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Outcomes in intensive care.
Authors: J Bion
Journal: BMJ (1993)

into a state akin to the seasonal anoestrus of animals and, as melatonin can suppress the growth of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro, protect them from breast cancer at the same time.5Presumably the pill must be taken in the evening because of the profound hypnotic effects of such a massive dose of melatonin.The induction of sleepiness alone could make it a very effective contraceptive.Further work is under way to isolate and characterise melatonin's receptor in the hope of designing synthetic agonists and antagonists.A simple derivative of tryptophan and serotonin, melatonin is cheap enough to make, but unfortunately it will still cost millions of dollars to complete the acute and chronic toxicity tests required by drug regulatory authorities.The evidence that taking melatonin benefits jet lagged travellers, shift workers, blind people, and elderly people with sleep disturbances becomes stronger by the day.' 25 Let's hope that we will soon see it on the market.
Prevalence of disease related prion protein in anonymous tonsil specimens in Britain: cross sectional opportunistic survey
Authors: J. P Clewley, C. M Kelly, N. Andrews, K. Vogliqi, G. Mallinson, M. Kaisar, D. A Hilton, J. W Ironside, P. Edwards, L. M McCardle, D. L Ritchie, R. Dabaghian, H. E Ambrose, O N. Gill
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To establish with improved accuracy the prevalence of disease related prion protein (PrP(CJD)) in the population of Britain and thereby guide a proportionate public health response to limit the threat of healthcare associated transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD).Cross sectional opportunistic survey. Study samples Anonymised tonsil pairs removed at elective tonsillectomy throughout England and Scotland.National anonymous tissue archive for England and Scotland.Presence of PrP(CJD) determined by using two enzyme immunoassays based on different analytical principles, with further investigation by immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting of any samples reactive in either assay.Testing of 63 007 samples was completed by the end of September 2008. Of these, 12 753 were from the birth cohort in which most vCJD cases have arisen (1961-85) and 19 908 were from the 1986-95 cohort that would have been also exposed to bovine spongiform encephalopathy through infected meat or meat products. None of the samples tested was unequivocally reactive in both enzyme immunoassays. Only two samples were reactive in one or other enzyme immunoassay and equivocal in the other, and nine samples were equivocally reactive in both enzyme immunoassays. Two hundred and seventy six samples were initially reactive in one or other enzyme immunoassay; the repeat reactivity rate was 15% or less, depending on the enzyme immunoassay and cut-off definition. None of the samples (including all the 276 initially reactive in enzyme immunoassay) that were investigated by immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting was positive for the presence of PrP(CJD).The observed prevalence of PrP(CJD) in tonsils from the 1961-95 combined birth cohort was 0/32 661 with a 95% confidence interval of 0 to 113 per million. In the 1961-85 cohort, the prevalence of zero with a 95% confidence interval of 0 to 289 per million was lower than, but still consistent with, a previous survey of appendix tissue that showed a prevalence of 292 per million with a 95% confidence interval of 60 to 853 per million. Continuing to archive and test tonsil specimens, especially in older birth cohorts, and other complementary large scale anonymous tissue surveys, particularly of post-mortem tissues, will further refine the calculated prevalence of PrP(CJD).
The vascular basis for acute renal failure in the rat. Preglomerular and postglomerular vasoconstriction.
Authors: M A Venkatachalam, H G Rennke, D J Sandstrom
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) was induced in dehydrated, salt-deficient, salt-loaded, and untreated rats by intramuscular injection of glycerol, and the renal vasculature was studied after 24 hours. Kidneys were prepared for examination by rapid freezing in vivo to -160 degrees C and freeze substitution in -80 degrees C alcohol, and by perfusion fixation with 1% glutaraldehyde in Ringer's solution at 120 mm Hg. Frozen kidneys were examined by light microscopy after paraffin and epoxy resin embedding. Techniques used in examining the perfusion-fixed kidneys were: (1) vascular injection with silicone rubber and clearing in glycerol, (2) electron microscopy, and (3) morphometric evaluation of lumen to wall area ratios of glomerular arterioles. Kidneys of all rats with ARF showed renal cortical arterial and glomerular arteriolar (afferent and efferent) vasoconstriction. The degree of constriction, estimated by lumen to wall ratios, correlated with the degree of azotemia (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001). Differences between all ARF groups and respective controls were highly significant (P less than 0.001). Vasoconstriction was maximal in the dehydrated group, intermediate in the untreated and Na-deficient rats, and lowest in the salt-loaded animals. Glomerular and peritubular capillaries were patent and free of endothelial swelling or thrombi. Glomerular basement membranes and epithelial foot processes showed no morphological alterations. The observations suggest that marked pre- and postglomerular vasoconstriction occurs in established myohemoglobinuric ARF, that it is related to azotemia, and that mechanical vascular obstruction does not play a major role in this experimental model.
Failure of rubella immunisation after blood transfusion: birth of congenitally infected infant.
Authors: R W Watt, R B McGucken
Journal: BMJ (1980)

ascites or abdominal organ enlargement.The laboratory results included: erythrocyte sedimentation rate 95 mm in first hour, conjugated bilirubin concentration 51-3 Humol/l (3 mg/100 ml), serum alkaline phosphatase activity 420 IU/dl, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity 56 U/l, and serum
REPORT ON OXYTUBERCULIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: J. O. HIRSCHFELDER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

San Francisco, Nov. 20, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I send you herewith a report on Dr. Hirschfelder's oxytuberculin, together with his notes upon the cases examined, which we hope you will publish in full in the Journal. We are convinced of its efficacy and value, and urge its extended use. You will observe that it is not in any sense a secret nostrum, but has been placed legitimately before the profession. Yours truly,Henry Gibbons, Jr., M.D. Since the address delivered before the California State Medical Society in April, 1897, upon "Oxytuberculin" the investigations described therein have been continued both in the bacteriologic and clinical departments. The results that had been obtained up to that time have been confirmed by further observations under the scrutiny of many of my medical brethren. The laboratory experiments proving the inhibitory action of the oxytuberculin upon the bacilli tuberculosis have been repeated a great
Relation between immunocytological features of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and clinical indices in sarcoidosis.
Authors: G M Ainslie, L W Poulter, R M du Bois
Journal: Thorax (1989)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To investigate patient susceptibility to neuropsychiatric symptoms in the context of progression of more classic motor symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to examine the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms on survival. <h3>Methods:</h3> The study cohort consisted of 219 patients with ALS (limb onset = 159; bulbar onset = 60), with neuropsychiatric symptoms measured using the Motor Neuron Disease Behavioural Scale and more classic ALS symptoms assessed by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised. For detection of symptom susceptibility (neuropsychiatric vs classic motor), a Rasch analysis was applied (n = 219). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for the survival analysis (n = 115 patients), which incorporated neuropsychiatric and classic motor symptoms. <h3>Results:</h3> Rasch analysis demonstrated that neuropsychiatric symptoms appeared earlier than classic motor features of ALS. However, differences in neuropsychiatric scores did not affect survival: patients with abnormalities in neuropsychiatric domains did not exhibit a different rate of survival than those without (χ<sup>2</sup>, 3.447, <i>p</i> = 0.328, −2 log-likelihood 377.341). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Neuropsychiatric symptoms appear before classic motor features in ALS, which corroborates the notion that ALS and frontotemporal dementia lie on a disease continuum. The early detection of neuropsychiatric symptoms will be critical to inform clinical decisions and alleviate carer burden. Importantly, subtle neuropsychiatric symptoms alone do not affect survival in ALS, which in turn confirms their pervasive nature in ALS.
Intolerance to Liver Extract in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: E. Delikat
Journal: BMJ (1943)

found at laparotomy in Case HI make it clear that perforation results from gangrene supervening on gross bruising, and that tnany patches of bruising do not lead to gangrene and perforation, so that too early laparotomy might defeat its purpose if perforation were to occur subsequently.However, the findings point to the necessity for exploration of the abdomen in cases of this type, and in future one would prefer to explore-even in the early hours-and find nothing more than bruising of the viscera, and would be prepared to operate a second time if a later perforation occurred.
A reliable ex vivo invasion assay of human reticulocytes by Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Bruce Russell, Rossarin Suwanarusk, Céline Borlon, Fabio T. M. Costa, Cindy S. Chu, Marcus J. Rijken, Kanlaya Sriprawat, Lucile Warter, Esther G. L. Koh, Benoit Malleret, Yves Colin, Olivier Bertrand, John H. Adams, Umberto D'Alessandro, Georges Snounou, Francois Nosten, Laurent Rénia
Journal: Blood (2011)
OPERATIONS ON THE NASAL SEPTUM.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: H. HOLBROOK CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It was not my intention to dignify these observations with the name of a paper; I would prefer to call it an outline sketch to elicit a discussion upon a subject of interest to the Section. If an experience of over two thousand cases of operation upon deviated septa constitutes a sufficient apology for my remarks I beg leave to make a few suggestions as to the modus operandi. The questions one asks before operating, are: 1. Is the patient a bleeder, or is there a family history of hemophilia? 2. What is the condition of the patient's blood? 3. Is there a suitable reason for operating? 4. Does a gouty diathesis exist, or has the patient a secondary syphilis? 5. Is albumen present in the urine? If the patient is a hemophile, the septum should not be touched if it can be avoided. In no other locality of the
Decisions to Limit Care
Authors: David J. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I read with great interest and appreciation the several articles presenting ethical issues in the Aug 12 issue<sup>1-3</sup>and the accompanying editorial.<sup>4</sup>As an intensivist, I am frequently faced with the issue of withdrawal of therapy. The complexity of these decisions is well illustrated by Dr Brennan<sup>1</sup>in his review of the experience at Massachusetts General Hospital. I find most troubling those decisions to limit therapy and withdraw support in the face of a family's request for continued care, classified as type 5 by Dr Brennan. The issues that need to be resolved are, first, who should decide what is good for the patient, and second, the certainty of the prognosis. Beneficence is a nebulous concept, the definition of which will vary among individuals—patient, family, physician, hospital administrator, and society. Similarly, there is no uniform presentation of a "rational patient's wishes" nor agreement
HDAC inhibition by SNDX-275 (Entinostat) restores expression of silenced leukemia-associated transcription factors Nur77 and Nor1 and of key pro-apoptotic proteins in AML
Authors: L Zhou, V R Ruvolo, T McQueen, W Chen, I J Samudio, O Conneely, M Konopleva, M Andreeff
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Rare instance of organ donation in Japan highlights shortage of donors
Authors: C. Schoenberger
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A woman in her 20s made headlines in Japan on 23 November after she became only the 82nd brain dead person to provide organs for donation despite a new law introduced in 1997 which was intended to boost transplant numbers. 

The woman was declared brain dead in a hospital on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido on 22 November. Her heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestine were donated the next day to patients at hospitals around Japan, from Osaka to Nagoya. Her corneas are awaiting transplantation.

Japan has drawn criticism for its low rates of organ transplantation and a legal structure that has made it difficult for patients to donate and receive organs. Although the country carried …
Dual Roles for Immunity in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Cristina Ferrone, Glenn Dranoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Histopathologic examination reveals that most human tumors are associated with diverse immune cell infiltrates, but the roles of host reactions in disease pathogenesis and prognosis remain to be fully clarified. Recent investigations in genetically engineered murine tumor models have uncovered dual functions for immune responses during cancer development and progression. Alterations in tumor cell gene expression profiles and coding sequences may trigger the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, which act to restrain tumor growth. In contrast, persistent inflammatory reactions, which may be driven by infection, environmental toxins, or impaired immune regulation, create a microenvironment that fosters tumor cell growth, survival, invasion, and dissemination. The dynamic interplay of these competing responses appears to be a critical event in cancer pathogenesis, with tumor promotion and immune evasion proving dominant in clinically evident disease. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies of patient cohorts have demonstrated that particular histopathologic and genetic signatures of cytotoxic lymphocyte reactions provide important prognostic information. Here, we discuss the dual roles of immunity in cancer development, focusing on gastrointestinal malignancies, given the depth of recent insights into the mechanisms underlying these tumors.
Continuous versus bilevel positive airway pressure in a patient with idiopathic central sleep apnea.
Authors: F Hommura, M Nishimura, M Oguri, H Makita, K Hosokawa, H Saito, K Miyamoto, Y Kawakami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

A 57-yr-old man with idiopathic central apnea is reported. He presented at our hospital complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. Polysomnography, including esophageal pressure monitoring, confirmed central sleep apnea with an apnea index of 27/h. He had mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) but no signs of diabetic neuropathy or other background diseases. The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia tested while he was awake indicated increased respiratory chemosensitivity. We applied nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) in an attempt to compare the possible difference in therapeutic efficacy. Although nasal CPAP completely reversed central apnea, nasal BPAP adversely affected both apnea length and frequency in an applied pressure-dependent manner. Arterial blood gas analyses while he was being treated indicted alveolar hypoventilation with CPAP and hyperventilation with BPAP. Additionally, administration of a mixed gas containing 5% CO2 through a face mask had a significant effect on the disappearance of central apnea in this patient. These findings support the theory that the arterial PCO2 level is critical in generating idiopathic central apnea and that nasal CPAP therapy may be effective in eliminating central apnea by raising the PaCO2.
Proteinuria in Gold-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: WARREN A. KATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Treatment records of 1800 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were included in the clinical trials of auranofin in the United States were examined for data on development of proteinuria. Three percent (41) of 1283 auranofin-treated patients had an abnormal 24-hour urine protein level: 15 had mild (0. 15 to 1 g/d), 17 had moderate (1 to 3.5 g/d), and 9 had heavy ( > 3.5 g/d) proteinuria. Permanent renal impairment did not occur, and proteinuria did not persist beyond 12 months in most patients. Seven of eight patients who were rechallenged when the proteinuria had cleared were able to continue treatment without relapse. No clinically discernible risk factors were found. Biopsy specimens from 4 patients showed membranous glomerulonephritis, which indicates an underlying immunopathologic mechanism. In similar groups of patients, the risk of developing proteinuria with auranofin therapy is significantly less than that with parenteral gold therapy (p < 0.05) and similar to that with background therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (p = 0.92). The lower incidence and relatively benign nature of proteinuria seen in this review support previous findings that auranofin is better tolerated than injectable gold.