tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Trace but Not Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in Panic Disorder
Authors: Christian Grillon, Shmuel Lissek, Dana McDowell, Jessica Levenson, Daniel S. Pine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Individuals with panic disorder perceive panic attacks as unpredictable. Because predictability is fundamental to Pavlovian conditioning, failure to predict panic attacks could be due to a basic deficit in conditioning. The present study examined trace eyeblink conditioning in order to test the hypothesis that individuals with panic disorder are impaired in associative learning tasks that depend on declarative memory.Delay and trace eyeblink conditioning were tested in separate experimental sessions in 19 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder and 19 sex- and age-matched healthy comparison subjects. In the delay paradigm, a mild puff was delivered to the eye at the end of a 500-msec tone; in the trace paradigm, the puff was delivered after a 700-msec empty "trace" interval that followed the end of the tone.Patients and comparison subjects showed similar rates of conditioned responses in the delay paradigm, but patients showed reduced rates of conditioned responses in the trace paradigm.These results suggest that individuals with panic disorder suffer from a deficit in declarative associative learning. Such a deficit points to impaired hippocampal function that may disrupt cognitive processing of internal and external cues predictive of a panic attack.
Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Inhibitors in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Bertram Pitt, Michael J. Shea, Joseph L. Romson, Benedict R. Lucchesi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The evidence for a role of the prostaglandin system in myocardial ischemia and its consequences is still fragmentary. We review the factors that alter the relation between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin production such that vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and the tendency toward thrombus formation are increased. Strategies to prevent platelet aggregation by interfering with the production of thromboxane A2 or by stimulation or administration of prostacyclin are currently under investigation in a number of centers. The ubiquity of the prostaglandin system and our incomplete understanding make careful long-term clinical trials and observations essential if we are to be sure that the net effect of these attempts is beneficial.
Over the rainbow: The classification of unique hues
Authors: David L. Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Saunders &amp; van Brakel's analysis of the phenomenal categorization and subsequent experimental research in unique hues fails to include contemporary methodological improvements. Alternative strategies are offered from the author's research that rely less on language and world knowledge and provide strong evidence for the general theoretical constructs of elemental hue, nonbasic, and basic color terms.
Mood Disorders: The World's Major Public Health Problem
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

About one person in six now suffers from serious depression, and its prevalence appears to be rising in the United States, where depression ranks as the third most commonly diagnosed condition after cardiovascular illness and musculoskeletal disease. Worldwide, it is estimated that at least 100 million people suffer from clinically recognizable and treatable depression. Thus, this book on mood disorders is timely and pertinent. It is a collection of papers presented at the Tenth Annual Taylor Manor Hospital Psychiatric Symposium last year, and it is a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of mood disorders. In the last decade, enormous strides have been made in uncovering the biologic and genetic basis of depression. In keeping with such investigative trends, this book primarily focuses on the biology of affective disorder, though psychodynamic forces are not ignored. Noted authorities contributing to the book include Heinz E. Lehmann, MD, Mogans Schou,
Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes by real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography. A comparison of cineangiographic and radionuclide techniques.
Authors: E D Folland, A F Parisi, P F Moynihan, D R Jones, C L Feldman, D E Tow
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Five different algorithms for determining left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and volumes from two-dimensional echocardiographic examination (TDE) were compared with standard methods for obtaining EF and volume from x-ray cineangiography (cine) and EF from radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) in 35 patients. Although all methods correlated positively, the degree of correlation varied with the algorithm used. For EF determination, TDE algorithms (especially those using multiple planes of section) were superior to unidimensional algorithms commonly used with M-mode echocardiography. The best algorithm (modified Simpson's rule) correlated well enough with cine EF (r = 0.78; SEE 0.097) and RVG EF (r = 0.75; SEE 0.087) to make clinically useful estimates. TDE volumes also correlated meaningfully with cine end-diastolic and end-systole volumes (r = 084; n = 70) but were associated with a large standard error of the estimate (43 ml) and offered less advantage over unidimensional volume estimates. Quantitative application of TDE appears to be a useful noninvasive method of evaluating LVEF, but is not as useful for estimating LV volumes.
Analgesic-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Glen W. Hartman, Vincente E. Torres, Gary F. Leago, Byrn Williamson, Robert R. Hattery
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ANALGESIC abuse is a leading cause of renal papillary necrosis and cortical interstitial nephritis. Salicylates in combination with either phenacetin or acetaminophen seem more likely to cause renal damage than any of these agents alone. A cumulative dose of 1 kg of one or more analgesics, injested daily or almost daily for more than two or three years, is considered the minimum necessary to produce the disease.<sup>1,2</sup> Analgesic nephropathy is a common cause of end-stage renal failure. In Australia, this entity continues to be the cause of renal failure in as many as 20% of patients being treated in long-term dialysis programs.<sup>3,4</sup>In the United States, the incidence is lower, ranging from 2% to 10% in various reports.<sup>1,2</sup> The clinical manifestations of this disease are nonspecific. Clinical problems initially observed may include gross hematuria, renal colic caused by the passage of renal tissue, urinary tract infection, hypertension,
Length polymorphism in heme oxygenase-1 is associated with arteriovenous fistula patency in hemodialysis patients
Authors: C.-C. Lin, W.-C. Yang, S.-J. Lin, T.-W. Chen, W.-S. Lee, C.-F. Chang, P.-C. Lee, S.-D. Lee, T.-S. Su, C.S-J. Fann, M.-Y. Chung
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Mental health teams should concentrate on psychiatric patients with greatest needs
Authors: T. Kendrick, T. Burns
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Year of surveyFig 1-Decrease in blood lead concentrations in groups at risk of increased lead uptake from traffic emissions and in control subjects living in areas with- out heavy traffic and in general population, United Kingdom, 1984-96 sure of the general population to lead from traffic emissions would have been intermediate between that of the exposed and control groups.Figure 1 shows that, since 1984-7, blood lead concentra- tions have fallen by a factor of 2.6-3.0 in adults and by a factor of 3.6-5.0 in children.A wide range of measures to reduce lead were implemented in Britain throughout the 1980s- for example, lead solder was removed from tins containing food, lead in paint was controlled, and lead in petrol was reduced.All of these, together with the reduced emissions of lead by vehicles owing to the increased sales of lead free petrol since 1987,' will have contributed to the substantial decline in blood lead concentrations that we observed.
Dysregulation of proteoglycan production by intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells bearing defective (Delta-f508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Authors: Ramakrishnan K. Bhaskar, Bradley S. Turner, Shelley A. Grubman, Douglas M. Jefferson, J.Thomas LaMont
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been attributed to accumulation of viscous mucoid secretions in intrahepatic bile ducts. The purpose of our study was to compare glycoconjugate secretion by intrahepatic biliary epithelial (IBE) cells derived from normal livers and livers of CF patients with the delta F508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Confluent cells were incubated with 3H-glucosamine (GlcN) for 16 hours, and radiolabeled macromolecules were analyzed for the amount and type of glycoconjugates. Incorporation of 3H-GlcN into macromolecular glycoconjugates was two- to threefold higher in CF cells versus normals, as was uptake of 3H-Glcn into the cytoplasm of CF cells. Gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose Cl 4B revealed that the secreted glycoconjugates from CF cells eluted entirely in the excluded fraction (molecular weight > 2 x 10(6)), while, in the normal cells, 60% of the glycoconjugates eluted as lower-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates in both CF and normal cells were identified as chondroitin sulfates, as evidenced by susceptibility to beta elimination, chondroitinase digestion, and amino acid composition. Western blotting of IBE cell secretions with a polyclonal antibody to chondroitin sulfate revealed proteoglycan bands at 100 and 210 kd. Our results indicate that secretion of chondroitin sulfate is markedly increased in CF biliary epithelium in vitro compared with non-CF cells. Increased uptake of precursor 3H-GlcN may contribute to enhanced glycosylation of chondroitin sulfate in CF cells.
203 ANTIALDOSTERONE THERAPY IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS: A ROLE FOR PREVENTION OF CIRROTHIC CARDIOMIOPATHY?
Authors: P. Ventura, M. Ferrari, A.C. Nuzzo, F. Nascimbeni, E. Romagnoli, R. Rossi, V. Moriondo, A. Vegetti, M.G. Modena, A. Pietrangelo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Anti-inflammatory efficacy of low-dose cyclosporin A in psoriatic arthritis. A prospective multicentre study
Authors: G. MAHRLE, H.J. SCHULZE, M. BRÄUTIGAM, P. MISCHER, R. SCHOPF, E.G. JUNG, G. WEIDINGER, L. FÄRBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Anti‐inflammatory efficacy of low‐dose cyclosporin A in psoriatic arthritis. A prospective multicentre study Get access G. MAHRLE, G. MAHRLE Department of Dermatology, University of Köln, Joseph‐Stelzmann‐Str, 9. 50924 Köln, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.J. SCHULZE, H.J. SCHULZE Department of Dermatology, University of Köln, Joseph‐Stelzmann‐Str, 9. 50924 Köln, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BRÄUTIGAM, M. BRÄUTIGAM Clinical Research Department, Sandoz AG, Nürnberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. MISCHER, P. MISCHER Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Wels, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. SCHOPF, R. SCHOPF Departments of Dermatology, Universities of Medical School, Mannheim, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.G. JUNG, E.G. JUNG Departments of Mainz and ±Heidelberg, Medical School, Mannheim, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. WEIDINGER, G. WEIDINGER Clinical Research Department, Sandoz AG, Nürnberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. FÄRBER, L. FÄRBER Clinical Research Department, Sandoz AG, Nürnberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar and other multicentre contributors and other multicentre contributors Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 5, 1 November 1996, Pages 752–757, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1074.x Published: 01 November 1996 Article history Accepted: 25 March 1996 Published: 01 November 1996
Moving to research partnerships in developing countries
Authors: A. Costello
Journal: BMJ (2000)

What should be the principles behind investment in research in developing countries? Does current practice overemphasise the results of research and ignore issues like ownership, sustainability, and development of national research capacity? We believe that the research model supported by many funding agencies remains semicolonial in nature. Foreign domination in setting research priorities and project management may have negative consequences which outweigh the apparent benefits of the research findings. National academic leaders and institutions need to be involved if research is to be translated into practice. The deterioration in academic infrastructure in many developing countries needs to be reversed as part of any research investment. A truly cooperative research partnership, which should be monitored by funding agencies, rests on four broad principles:

#### Summary points

Much foreign-led research in developing countries remains semicolonial in nature and may have negative effects on partner countries

“Annexed site” research led by expatriates should be phased out and replaced by a partnership model in which nationals lead research projects, with only technical support from outsiders

Research funded through national academics and institutions improves the chances of findings being translated into national policy and practice

The principles of an equal research partnership need monitoring by funding agencies

### The semicolonial model

Some styles of research interaction pay little attention to ownership, sustainability and the development of national research capacity. “Postal research,” whereby Western researchers request colleagues in Africa to courier to them biological samples, is still practised, though less commonly than in the past. “Parachute research,” whereby researchers travel to Africa or Asia for short periods of time and take back biological samples, is still relatively common. Results of both types of research are often published with minimal representation of …
Mechanism of the diastolic dysfunction induced by glycolytic inhibition. Does adenosine triphosphate derived from glycolysis play a favored role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in ferret myocardium?
Authors: H Kusuoka, E Marban
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Several lines of evidence indicate that glycolysis is especially important for normal diastolic relaxation and for the maintenance of cellular ion homeostasis in myocardium. To elucidate whether the glycolytic flux of ATP contributes to diastolic tone and to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+, myocardial content of sugar phosphates ([SP]) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in isolated, perfused ferret hearts using nuclear magnetic resonance. Glucose and acetate were used as substrates for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. Glycogen was effectively depleted after 15-min perfusion with glucagon (2 mg/liter), as verified by the lack of rise in [SP] during exposure to iodoacetate (100 microM) in substrate-free perfusate. Despite the fact that glycolytic flux had been blocked both by iodoacetate and by absence of substrate, end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (EDP) remained unchanged (P > 0.15, n = 6). The subsequent addition of glucose to the perfusate led to SP accumulation and a marked rise in EDP, with a significant correlation between EDP and [SP] (r = 0.86 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01, n = 6). A similar correlation was observed when glucose in the perfusate was replaced by 2-deoxyglucose (r = 0.78 +/- 0.09, P < 0.01, n = 3). Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of [Ca2+]i verified that EDP faithfully reports changes in diastolic [Ca2+]i under the present experimental conditions. Thus, intracellular Ca2+ overload is caused by the accumulation of SP rather than by the inhibition of glycolysis per se. Glycolysis may appear to be important because its by-products are deleterious, and not necessarily because glycolytically derived ATP plays a favored role in ion homeostasis.
Differentiation Between Heterozygotes and Homozygotes in Genetic Hemochromatosis by Means of a Histological Hepatic Iron Index: A Study of 192 Cases
Authors: Yves M. Deugnier, Bruno Turlin, Romain Moirand, Olivier Loréal, Pierre Brissot, Lawrie W. Powell, Kim M. Summers, Linda Fletcher, June W. Halliday
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The biochemical hepatic iron index, defined as the ratio of hepatic iron concentration (expressed as micromoles per gram dry weight) to age permits accurate prediction of genetic status in patients with genetic hemochromatosis. However, the hepatic iron concentration is not always available. Therefore a histological hepatic iron index, defined as the ratio of total histological iron score (range = 0 to 60) to age, was evaluated in a total of 192 Australian and French patients with genetic hemochromatosis. These subjects had been classified previously as heterozygotes (n = 18) or homozygotes (n = 174) according to clinical and familial data only. Biochemical hepatic iron index and histological hepatic iron index were well correlated (Spearman's test: rho = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Both were significantly (p < 0.0001) increased in homozygotes (respectively, 6.7 +/- 3.8 [range = 1.2 to 22.6] and 0.62 +/- 0.28 [range = 0.14 to 1.5]) compared with heterozygotes (respectively, 1 +/- 0.4 [range = 0.45 to 1.6] and 0.08 +/- 0.05 [range = 0 to 0.14]). The histological hepatic iron index was less than 0.15 in all heterozygotes and greater than 0.15 in all but two homozygotes. These data show that the age-dependent nature of iron accumulation can also be accommodated by calculating the histological hepatic iron index and that histological study is an accurate means of predicting the genetic status of hemochromatosis patients when hepatic iron concentration is not available.
H_2-Antagonists and the Common Cold
Authors: A. SICORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986H2-Antagonists and the Common ColdA. SICORE, M.D.A. SICORE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-803_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the letter of Dr. Goldstein (1) on the effect of cimetidine on Epstein-Barr virus infection. For the past 7 years, since I have been taking H2-blockers (cimetidine at first and ranitidine in the last 2 years) on and off for the treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer, I have noticed that the use of either of these substances has had a marked effect in preventing the common cold, that is, upper respiratory tract viral infections. In several instances, while traveling with a group of persons, all of whom developed such infection, I was protected...References1. GOLDSTEIN J. Cimetidine, ranitidine, and Epstein-Barr virus infection [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:139. LinkGoogle Scholar2. THOMASHUCHETGRANJON YRD. Histamine-induced suppressor cells of lymphocyte mitogenic response. Cell Immunol. 1981;59:268-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WAKEFIELD D. Cimetidine in recurrent genital herpes simplex infection [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:882. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Buffalo General Hospital Buffalo, NY 14203 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCOVID-19: History of Disease Avoidance, Social Spacing and Work/Home MatrixMolecular pharmacological aspects of histamine receptors 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 803-803KeywordsCommon coldEpstein-Barr virusPeptic ulcersRespiratory systemRespiratory system proceduresUpper respiratory tract infections Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE USE AND ABUSE OF PHYSICAL THERAPEUTICS
Authors: FRANK B. GRANGER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Prior to the World War, physical measures of treatment were in rather general disrepute. It is true that through the efforts of Peter Hunter Ling, Metzger, Weir Mitchell, and Douglas Graham, massage had been placed on a sound basis. It was also recognized that it could be scientifically applied: As a means of passive exercise. For its local and general circulatory effects. For the promotion of the lymphatic circulation. For its direct stimulation or its sedation of the nervous system. For the general improvement it might secure in nutrition, and, to a more limited degree, in muscular development. For its value in certain types of ankylosis. The works of Fraenkel, Franz, and Robert W. Lovett had proved that muscle training or reeducation had a field not only in anterior poliomyelitis and peripheral nerve paralyses, but also in organic nerve lesions, such as tabes dorsalis, the spinal scleroses and some of
Ximelagatran versus Warfarin for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Charles W. Francis, Bruce L. Davidson, Scott D. Berkowitz, Paul A. Lotke, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, Jay R. Lieberman, Anne K. Webster, James P. Whipple, Gary R. Peters, Clifford W. Colwell Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Warfarin is used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. However, it is associated with rates of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of approximately 38% to 55% and requires routine coagulation monitoring and frequent dose adjustment. Ximelagatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, has shown promising efficacy and tolerability in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of ximelagatran and warfarin for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty. Design: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Setting: 74 North American hospitals. Patients: 680 patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Intervention: 7 to 12 days of treatment with oral ximelagatran, 24 mg twice daily, starting on the morning after surgery, or warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.5 [range, 1.8 to 3.0]), starting on the evening of the day of surgery. Measurements: Principal end points were asymptomatic DVT on mandatory venography; symptomatic DVT confirmed by ultrasonography or venography; symptomatic, objectively proven pulmonary embolism; and bleeding. All were assessed by blinded adjudication locally and at a central study laboratory. Results: On central adjudication, incidence of venous thromboembolism was 19.2% (53 of 276 patients) in the ximelagatran group and 25.7% (67 of 261 patients) in the warfarin group (difference, −6.5 percentage points [95% CI, −13.5 to 0.6 percentage points]; P = 0.070). On local assessment, incidence was 25.4% in the ximelagatran group and 33.5% in the warfarin group (P = 0.043). In the ximelagatran and warfarin groups, respectively, major bleeding occurred in 1.7% and 0.9% of patients and minor bleeding occurred in 7.8% and 6.4% of patients. No variables related to bleeding differed significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: For prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, fixed-dose ximelagatran started the morning after total knee arthroplasty is well tolerated and at least as effective as warfarin, but it does not require coagulation monitoring or dose adjustment.