tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF FIBROBLASTS BY ALLOGENEIC AND XENOGENEIC TRANSPLANTS OF DEMINERALIZED TOOTH AND BONE
Authors: Charles Huggins, Sol Wiseman, A. H. Reddi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Xenogeneic transplants of powdered, dehydrated, demineralized matrix of bone and tooth were well tolerated in three species of rodents. Differences between the species were found in competence of fibroblasts to be transformed into cartilage and bone in vivo by these preparations. Rat fibroblasts were most susceptible to transformation of this sort; they were transformed by demineralized dentin of guinea pig, mouse, and rat, and to a limited extent, by a specimen of decalcified human bone.
Lung deposition and distribution of flunisolide-HFA, assessed by Gamma Scintigraphy and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Authors: S.P. Newman, D.A. Clark, C.S. Kalirai, G.R. Pitcairn, P.H. Hirst, W.T. Abramowitz, R. Kapil, J. Rosenberg, K. Newman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist decreases biological activity and modifies chromatographic behavior of luteinizing hormone in man.
Authors: R M Evans, G C Doelle, J Lindner, V Bradley, D Rabin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effect of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, [D-Trp6,Pro9-NEth]LHRH (LHRHA), on luteinizing hormone (LH) bioactivity was assessed with a rat interstitial cell assay in four men during a 14-d treatment period. Biologic/immunologic (B/I) ratios were unchanged initially with treatment but by day 12 had fallen to levels lower than basal values. Frequent sampling on day 12 revealed blunted gonadotropin responsiveness to LHRHA and absence of spontaneous LH pulsations. Despite continued administration of LHRHA, human chorionic gonadotropin administration resulted in elevated B/I ratios and testosterone levels. Further characterization of the serum immunoreactive LH by Sephadex chromatography revealed a later elution profile during treatment with LHRHA. Thus, LHRHA appears to act, in part, by modification of the bioactivity of LH in man.
Induction of Pemphigus in Neonatal Mice by Passive Transfer of IgG from Patients with the Disease
Authors: Grant J. Anhalt, Ramzy S. Labib, John J. Voorhees, Theodore F. Beals, Luis A. Diaz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We examined the role of circulating autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris by passively transferring IgG fractions from five patients with pemphigus vulgaris into neonatal Balb/c mice, in doses of 1.5 to 16 mg per gram of body weight per day. Cutaneous blisters and erosions with the histologic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence features of pemphigus occurred in 39 of 55 mice given intraperitoneal injections of IgG from patients with pemphigus and in none of 58 control mice given normal human IgG. IgG fractions with high titers of pemphigus antibodies were most effective in inducing disease, and this effect was dose dependent. Titers of circulating IgG in mouse serum closely correlated with the extent of disease induced (P<0.002). This study strongly supports the proposed role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris in human beings and demonstrates that pemphigus can be passively transferred to laboratory animals. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1189–96.)
SHOULDER INJURIES IN HIGHLY TRAINED COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS
Authors: J Folland, G Archer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The shoulder is the most commonly injured joint among competitive swimmers, and there are suggestions that sex, swimming stroke and level or training/competition are risk factors, but previous studies are inconclusive and have used small cohorts and/or relatively low level competitors. Objectiv To document the incidence, nature, severity and location of shoulder injuries in competitive highly trained swimmers, and whether these factors were influenced by sex, swimming stroke and level of competition. Design Retrospective study. Setting Swimming competitions and clubs. Participants 132 young competitive adult swimmers (61 females, 71 males; age, 21±2 yrs; body mass: 73±11kg; current training volume, 16±4 hrs/wk; competitive history 9±3 years). Risk factor assessment Participants completed a retrospective questionnaire concerning their age, sex, competitive standard, primary stroke, recent training volume. Main outcome measurements They also recorded their experience of shoulder injury incidence (new injury, recurrence), time loss severity (mild, moderate, severe), nature of injury onset (acute/chronic) and location (left, right, both). Results 99 swimmers (74%) had experienced shoulder injury, collectively reporting 124 unique injuries, and &gt;50% of these injuries had recurred at least once. 22% of swimmers were currently experiencing shoulder pain, and 10% were currently receiving treatment for shoulder injury. Injury incidence was not influenced by sex (P=.223) or competitive standard (P=.415). There were more chronic than acute injuries (86 vs 38; P=.001). There were tendencies for more injuries to the right than left shoulder (65 vs 43, P=.066), and for a higher incidence of severe injuries than expected (P=.053). Shoulder injury was 50% lower for breaststroke swimmers, but this difference was not significant P=.245). Conclusions Injury incidence was not influenced by sex or level of competition, but was 50% lower for breaststroke swimmers. Despite the symmetrical nature of swimming the right shoulder seems to be at greater risk of injury.
Incidence and remission rates of lower urinary tract symptoms at one year in women aged 40-60: longitudinal study
Authors: L. A. Moller
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the incidence and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms at one year in women aged 40-60, and to assess factors associated with remission. <b>Design:</b> Ongoing longitudinal cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> One rural and one urban county in Denmark. <b>Participants:</b> 4000 women recruited on a random basis, 2860 of whom were followed up at one year. <b>Measurements:</b> Incidence and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms. <b>Results:</b> Prevalence, incidence, and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms in 2284 women were respectively 28.5% (95% confidence interval 26.7% to 30.4%), 10.0% (8.5% to 11.4%), and 27.8% (25.6% to 30.0%). Overall, symptoms were not significantly associated with events performed or initiated in the study period: medical consultation (1.6, 0.8 to 2.8), pelvic floor physiotherapy (0.9, 0.5 to 1.8), treatment with antibiotics on suspicion of a lower urinary tract infection (1.3, 0.8 to 2.2), or other treatment (1.7, 0.7 to 4.1). Many of the individual symptoms were, however, associated with seeking professional help. <b>Conclusions:</b> Lower urinary tract symptoms constitute dynamic conditions, with women experiencing more or fewer symptoms, and eventually a cessation of symptoms. The distinction between permanent and fluctuating cases may have important clinical and scientific implications.
Quantum probability and cognitive modeling: Some cautions and a promising direction in modeling physics learning
Authors: Donald R. Franceschetti, Elizabeth Gire
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Quantum probability theory offers a viable alternative to classical probability, although there are some ambiguities inherent in transferring the quantum formalism to a less determined realm. A number of physicists are now looking at the applicability of quantum ideas to the assessment of physics learning, an area particularly suited to quantum probability ideas.
Effects of a 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor, Fluvastatin, on Coronary Spasm After Withdrawal of Calcium-Channel Blockers
Authors: Hirofumi Yasue, Yuji Mizuno, Eisaku Harada, Teruhiko Itoh, Hitoshi Nakagawa, Masafumi Nakayama, Hisao Ogawa, Shinji Tayama, Takasi Honda, Seiji Hokimoto, Shuichi Ohshima, Youichi Hokamura, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Minoru Horie, Michihiro Yoshimura, Masaki Harada, Shiroh Uemura, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome. A multisystem mitochondrial disorder in infancy.
Authors: A Rötig, V Cormier, S Blanche, J P Bonnefont, F Ledeist, N Romero, J Schmitz, P Rustin, A Fischer, J M Saudubray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome (McKusick No. 26056) is a fatal disorder of hitherto unknown etiology involving the hematopoietic system, exocrine pancreas, liver, and kidneys. The observation of high lactate/pyruvate molar ratios in plasma and abnormal oxidative phosphorylation in lymphocytes led us to postulate that Pearson's syndrome belongs to the group of mitochondrial cytopathies. Since rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome between direct DNA repeats were consistently found in all tissues tested, our results show that this disease is in fact a multisystem mitochondrial disorder, as suggested by the clinical course of the patients. Based on these observations, we would suggest giving consideration to the hypothesis of a defect of oxidative phosphorylation in elucidating the origin of other syndromes, especially those associated with an abnormal oxidoreduction status in plasma.
The time course and characterization of myocardial hemorrhage after coronary reperfusion in the anesthetized dog.
Authors: L A Higginson, D S Beanlands, R C Nair, V Temple, K Sheldrick
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We quantitated hemorrhage associated with reperfusion after varying periods of myocardial ischemia and examined the flow characteristics that accompany reperfusion hemorrhage. Anesthetized dogs were reperfused after 2, 6 or 24 hours of circumflex occlusion. A control group underwent coronary occlusion without reperfusion. Radioactive microspheres were injected before and 5 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion. The papillary muscles were analyzed for hemoglobin content, flow during myocardial ischemia and flow early and 24 hours after reperfusion. Myocardial creatine kinase activity was assayed to determine the severity of myocardial necrosis in the papillary muscles. Hemorrhage into the posterior papillary muscle was dependent upon the duration of coronary artery occlusion. Posterior papillary hemoglobin averaged 14 mg/g in the 2-hour group, 28 mg/g in the 6-hour group and 36 mg/g in the group reperfused 24 hours after occlusion, compared with 8.7 mg/g in the control group. Myocardial hemorrhage was associated with severe depression in myocardial CK and marked depression in flow to the ischemic area (i.e., collateral flow) during the occlusion. Early reflow averaged 112 ml/min/100 g in the 2-hour group, 61 ml/min/100 g in the 6-hour group and only 5.8 ml/min/100 g in the 24-hour group. Therefore, myocardial hemorrhage induced by reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium is associated with severe ischemia during occlusion and severe myocardial necrosis, but does not depend upon the magnitude of early reflow. Myocardial hemorrhage may occur even though initial reflow values are markedly decreased.
Other Disorders That Mimic Infectious Cellulitis
Authors: Eric L. Westerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters7 June 2005Other Disorders That Mimic Infectious CellulitisEric L. Westerman, MDEric L. Westerman, MDFrom Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The review by Falagas and Vergidis (1) is a welcome compilation of many disorders that may be misdiagnosed or confused with infectious cellulitis. I would like to mention 2 additional conditions that are often misdiagnosed as infectious cellulitis.The first is venous stasis dermatitis, a condition that is preceded by chronic venous insufficiency and is a result of chronic edema and eventual extravasation of erythrocytes into the dermis, leading to signs of inflammation. When this condition ulcerates, secondary infection may occur. However, even when no ulceration exists, the condition may manifest with signs of inflammation, such as ...Reference1. Falagas ME, Vergidis PI. Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:47-55. [PMID: 15630108] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNarrative Review: Diseases That Masquerade as Infectious Cellulitis Matthew E. Falagas and Paschalis I. Vergidis Metrics 7 June 2005Volume 142, Issue 11Page: 949KeywordsCellulitisConflicts of interestEdemaErythemaFeversInflammationThrombosisUlcers ePublished: 7 June 2005 Issue Published: 7 June 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Secondary Prevention After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Judson B. Williams, Elizabeth R. DeLong, Eric D. Peterson, Rachel S. Dokholyan, Fang-Shu Ou, T. Bruce Ferguson
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Despite evidence supporting the use of aspirin, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and lipid-lowering therapies in eligible patients, adoption of these secondary prevention measures after coronary artery bypass grafting has been inconsistent. We sought to rigorously test on a national scale whether low-intensity continuous quality improvement interventions can be used to speed secondary prevention adherence after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods and Results— A total of 458 hospitals participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database and treating 361 328 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to either a control or an intervention group. The intervention group received continuous quality improvement materials designed to influence the prescription of the secondary prevention medications at discharge. The primary outcome measure was discharge prescription rates of the targeted secondary prevention medications at intervention versus control sites, assessed by measuring preintervention and postintervention site differences. Prerandomization treatment patterns and baseline data were similar in the control (n=234) and treatment (n=224) groups. Individual medication use and composite adherence increased over 24 months in both groups, with a markedly more rapid rate of adherence uptake among the intervention hospitals and a statistically significant therapy hazard ratio in the intervention versus control group for all 4 secondary prevention medications. Conclusions— Provider-led, low-intensity continuous quality improvement efforts can improve the adoption of care processes into national practice within the context of a medical specialty society infrastructure. The findings of the present trial have led to the incorporation of study outcome metrics into a medical society rating system for ongoing quality improvement.
Diminishing Diagnostic Returns
Authors: Horton A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —In the interest of clarity I avoided any discussion of the informational value of negative test results, referring instead to an earlier, more comprehensive article 1 that demonstrates the negative information given by a negative result.  The significance of negative diagnostic information is somewhat different from that suggested by Dr Fox. In fact, any test result negative with respect to a given diagnosis will decrease the posttest probability of the disease, giving a ratio of posttest to pretest probability of less than unity, the logarithm of which will be negative, yielding an amount of information that is negative but perfectly useful. It is not any more inaccurate or misleading than positive information. It does indeed increase our uncertainty about the diagnosis, but properly so.  As diagnostic certainty is approached, the probability of a false-negative result approaches 1 and, since the result now carries little weight, the posttest probability
Loss of tumor suppressor NF1 activates HSF1 to promote carcinogenesis
Authors: Chengkai Dai, Sandro Santagata, Zijian Tang, Jiayuan Shi, Junxia Cao, Hyoungtae Kwon, Roderick T. Bronson, Luke Whitesell, Susan Lindquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Intrinsic stress response pathways are frequently mobilized within tumor cells. The mediators of these adaptive mechanisms and how they contribute to carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. A striking example is heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response. Surprisingly, we found that loss of the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1) increased HSF1 levels and triggered its activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. As a consequence, Nf1-/- cells acquired tolerance to proteotoxic stress. This activation of HSF1 depended on dysregulated MAPK signaling. HSF1, in turn, supported MAPK signaling. In mice, Hsf1 deficiency impeded NF1-associated carcinogenesis by attenuating oncogenic RAS/MAPK signaling. In cell lines from human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) driven by NF1 loss, HSF1 was overexpressed and activated, which was required for tumor cell viability. In surgical resections of human MPNSTs, HSF1 was overexpressed, translocated to the nucleus, and phosphorylated. These findings reveal a surprising biological consequence of NF1 deficiency: activation of HSF1 and ensuing addiction to this master regulator of the heat shock response. The loss of NF1 function engages an evolutionarily conserved cellular survival mechanism that ultimately impairs survival of the whole organism by facilitating carcinogenesis.
Bile Acids: A pH Dependent Antibacterial System in the Gut?
Authors: I. W. Percy-Robb, J. G. Collee
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Bile acids are secreted in the bile in the form of conjugates and many species of intestinal bacteria can rapidly deconjugate them. Studies have shown that an unconjugated bile acid may have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, which are pH dependent. It is proposed that unconjugated bile acids may be involved in a homoeostatic mechanism, preventing bacterial growth in the small intestine.
Actively delaying death to increase organ donation
Authors: P. Watkinson, S. McKechnie, D. Wilkinson, J. Salmon, D. Young
Journal: BMJ (2012)

New NICE guidance supports this but careful consideration should precede implementation 

A wide imbalance exists between the number of solid organs available for transplantation and the number of potential recipients. In an attempt to tackle this imbalance, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recently issued a guideline that offers best practice advice to increase the number of cadaveric organs available for transplantation.1

Most solid organs donated in the United Kingdom come from patients whose hearts are still beating and in whom no brainstem function can be detected. However, such donation is decreasing worldwide as road safety and medical care improve. Consequently, much of the guideline focuses on ways to increase donation rates from patients judged to have untreatable and rapidly lethal conditions but who do not meet brainstem death criteria. Organs from such patients may be retrieved after certification of death when the heart stops beating. To minimise damage to solid organs, harvesting must occur as soon after cardiac death as possible. This largely limits donation after cardiac death to patients being managed on intensive care units (ICUs), where life sustaining treatment that was started with curative intent is subsequently deemed futile and a decision is made to withdraw it. Treatment withdrawal, and hence death, is usually …
Linear IgA disease: the IgA and IgG response to the epidermal antigens demonstrates that intermolecular epitope spreading is associated with IgA rather than IgG antibodies, and is more common in adults
Authors: J. Allen, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Linear IgA disease (LAD; adult and childhood) is a dapsone-responsive, acquired immunobullous disorder mediated by IgA antibodies directed at target antigens within the epithelial basement membrane. These antigens have not been completely characterized. Objectives To identify the target antigens in LAD, and to correlate these with the antibody isotype. Methods We used 101 LAD sera without IgG antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The sera were analysed by immunoblotting for IgA (65 adults and 36 children) and IgG (61 adults and 34 children) autoantibodies, on salt-split, urea-extracted epidermal tissue extracts. Results Antigens were targeted in LAD by IgA antibodies (54 adults and 23 children), IgG antibodies (34 adults and 19 children), and both isotypes (30 adults and 16 children). Three major antigens were recognized by IgA antibodies: LAD285 (22 adults and three children), BP230 (30 adults and eight children) and BP180 (collagen XVII), including the 97-kDa ectodomain (52 adults and 20 children). Seven ‘minor’ antigens were occasionally detected (18 adults and 13 children). IgA antibodies bound multiple antigens (33 adults and nine children) more frequently than single antigens (21 adults and 14 children), but the binding to multiple antigens was more restricted in children than in adults. IgG antibodies mainly bound a single antigen (29 adults and 16 children), predominantly BP180. Conclusions There was variation in the autoantibody response within the disease and the patient, with regard to target molecules and autoantibody class. The finding that IgG as well as IgA autoantibodies predominantly target BP180 supports a pivotal role for collagen XVII in adult and childhood LAD. The IgG response was very restricted compared with IgA autoantibodies (P < 0·01). Autoantibodies from children had a more restricted antigen repertoire than from adults (P < 0·05). Epitope spreading is common in LAD and is affected by the class of autoantibody and age of the patient.
Long Esophagomyotomy for Esophageal Spasm-Reply
Authors: Mauro Bortolotti
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The use of esophagomyotomy in the treatment of atrial ventricular block related to diffuse esophageal spasm was only briefly mentioned in our report; we avoided any emphasis on this treatment because the previous results 1,2 were unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the long esophagomyotomy performed by Snow and Horrigan in a patient with diffuse spasm seems to have been a complete success. Unfortunately, this result was not available in the literature at the time of publication of our report. We completely agree with these authors that this therapeutic modality is justified from the physiopathological point of view to prevent this anomalous esophagocardiac reflex in patients with diffuse esophageal spasm. However, the decision to perform an esophagomyotomy from the aortic arch to the gastroesophageal junction should be carefully evaluated case by case, together with other therapeutic approaches (eg, anticholinergic administration or pacemaker implantation). In fact, the choice should be