tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Treatment of Complete Obstruction of the Large Intestine by Temporary Typhlotomy
Authors: H. Cripps
Journal: BMJ (1893)

THB train of symptoms arising from complete obstruction of the large intestine is such that in the majority of cases a differential diagnosis can be clearly made between obstruc- tions in this part of the bowel and the small intestine.It will be well to consider a few of the broader features which point to the obstruction being in the large rather than in the small intestine.HysTonY OF THE ATTACK.Speaking generally, all the symptoms are more sudden and acute in obstructions of the small than of the large bowel.Thus in the former the symptoms may be reckoned by hours and days, while in the latter it is rather by days and weeks.Hence the terms which some writers employ, acute intestinal obstruction and chronic intestinal obstruction, the former referring to the small, the latter to the large intestine.It is possible that the nervous mechanism of the upper bowel is more sensitive to injury, but it is probable that the difference in severity arises more from the cause of the obstruction than from its actual position.In far the larger number of instances the cause of obstruction to the small intestine arises external to the gut-twists, hernim through the
A CASE OF HEMORRHAGE FROM THE STOMACH, DUE TO CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER, IN WHICH GASTROENTEROSTOMY WAS DONE ON THE SUPPOSITION THAT THERE WAS GASTRIC OR DUODENAL ULCER.
Authors: WILLIAM J. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>NARRATIVE OF CASE.</h3><h3>Patient.</h3> —A man of 40 years of age, of rather medium height and weight, family history negative. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —There was no tendency to tuberculous or other constitutional disease, and he had never had syphilis. He had always enjoyed good health, was a steady, hard worker in an office where he had large business responsibilities, and he took unusually good care of his health. He lived in the country, where he walked, and rode a bicycle. He ate plain food and never touched liquor or tobacco. About thirteen years previously he had had a severe attack of typhoid fever with very high temperature, but from this he made a complete recovery. His wife said that he had never been ill, and had never taken any medicine beyond an occasional dose of calomel for his liver, which at times had been torpid. He was a dark brunette with
Abstract 3026: Cancer stem cells maintain a hierarchy of differentiation by creating their niche
Authors: Akifumi Mizutani, Shuichi Matsuda, Ting Yan, Marta Prieto-Vila, Ling Chen, Ayano Satoh, Tomonari Kasai, Junko Masuda, Takyuki Kudoh, Hiroshi Murakami, Li Fu, David S. Salomon, Masaharu Seno
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unique subpopulation of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and can give rise to the entire heterogeneous population of the tumor tissue. The self-renewal and differentiation properties of CSCs are regulated and maintained by the CSC niche. However, the mechanism of this maintenance, especially the contribution of differentiated cancer cells, remains to be fully elucidated. It has been shown that vascular endothelial cells can activate the Notch signaling pathway in glioblastoma (GMB) stem-like cells, and that was required for self-renewal of GBM stem-like cells. Given the fact that GBM stem-like cells differentiate into vascular endothelial cells, it raises the possibility that these differentiated cells that arise from CSCs might generate a CSC niche. In this study, we addressed this hypothesis using a model of CSCs, miPS-LLCcm, derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) we have established recently. We found in vitro cultured miPS-LLCcm cells were autonomously balanced with stem-like cells and differentiated cells. The analysis of VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin expression, and in vitro tube formation assay indicated the differentiation capacity of miPS-LLCcm into vascular endothelial cells. In the presence of the conditioned medium from bulk population of miPS-LLCcm cells, self-renewal capacity of CSC population of miPS-LLCcm, which was evaluated by spheroid formation in suspension culture, was enhanced, partly in Notch depending manner. In addition, we found that the ligands for Notch activation were secreted from the differentiated tumor cells including vascular endothelial cells. In addition, the secreted factor(s) from differentiated cells appeared to regulate the differentiation lineage of CSCs, since miPS-LLCcm could not differentiate into vascular endothelial lineages after cultivation of only stem cell population. Our results indicate that the differentiated progenies of CSCs containing vascular endothelium play important roles for regulating the CSC's properties. Therefore, miPS-LLCcm cells create their own in vitro niche to maintain themselves in the hierarchy of differentiating CSCs. Citation Format: Akifumi Mizutani, Shuichi Matsuda, Ting Yan, Marta Prieto-Vila, Ling Chen, Ayano Satoh, Tomonari Kasai, Junko Masuda, Takyuki Kudoh, Hiroshi Murakami, Li Fu, David S. Salomon, Masaharu Seno. Cancer stem cells maintain a hierarchy of differentiation by creating their niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3026. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3026
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC): Does it have a role in colorectal tumourigenesis? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: A. Magdy, M. Elhadidy, M.E. Abd Ellatif, A. El Nakeeb, E. Abdallah, W. Thabet, M. Youssef, W. Khafagy, M. Morshed, M. Farid
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Does the pattern of erythema gyratum repens depend on a reaction-diffusion system?
Authors: Homer J. Moore
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Does the pattern of erythema gyratum repens depend on a reaction‐diffusion system? Get access Homer J. Moore Homer J. Moore Department of Neurology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 6, 1 December 1982, Page 723, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00537.x Published: 01 December 1982
An activating NLRC4 inflammasome mutation causes autoinflammation with recurrent macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Scott W Canna, Adriana A de Jesus, Sushanth Gouni, Stephen R Brooks, Bernadette Marrero, Yin Liu, Michael A DiMattia, Kristien J M Zaal, Gina A Montealegre Sanchez, Hanna Kim, Dawn Chapelle, Nicole Plass, Yan Huang, Alejandro V Villarino, Angelique Biancotto, Thomas A Fleisher, Joseph A Duncan, John J O'Shea, Susanne Benseler, Alexei Grom, Zuoming Deng, Ronald M Laxer, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 mediate monocyte/macrophage trafficking in kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Li, Liping Huang, Sun-Sang J. Sung, Amy L. Vergis, Diane L. Rosin, C. Edward Rose, Peter I. Lobo, Mark D. Okusa
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Human Genetics. Problems and Approaches.
Authors: Friedrich Vogel, Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

-History of Human Genetics -The Human Genome: Chromosomes -The Human Genome: Genes and DNA -Formal Genetics of Humans: Linkage Analysis and Gene Clusters -Formal Genetics of Humans: Multifactorial Inheritance and Common Disease -Gene Action: Genetic Diseases - Gene Action: Developmental Genetics -Mutation: Spontaneous Mutation in Germ Cells -Mutation: Somatic Mutation, Cancer, and Aging -Mutation: Induction by Ionizing Radiation and Chemicals Population Genetics: Description and Dynamics -Population Genetics: Consanguinity, Genetics Drift -Human Evolution -Behavioral Genetics: Research Strategies and Examples -Behavioral Genetics: Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia -Behavioral Genetics: Differences Between Poulations -Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis -Genetic Manipulations and the Biological Future of the Human Species
A high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in men with mild symptomatic chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: A. Vazir, P.C. Hastings, M. Dayer, H.F. McIntyre, M.Y. Henein, P.A. Poole‐Wilson, M.R. Cowie, M.J. Morrell, A.K. Simonds
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination
Authors: Joan M. Bedinghaus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 May 1998Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and ExaminationJoan M. BedinghausJoan M. BedinghausMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00048 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 3rd edition. Swartz MH. 720 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998. $54.95. ISBN 072167514X. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: General medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: The author cites “all students of health care” as his audience, but the depth and breadth of the text, along with the historical references, suggest that medical students learning physical diagnosis are the primary audience.Purpose: To integrate pathophysiology, the meaning of illness to patients, and some history and literature into the physical examination.Content: By integrating physical examination techniques with history, pathophysiology, and clinical reasoning, this text serves as a comprehensive introduction to clinical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 792KeywordsClinical epidemiologyDecision makingEmotionsFearHealth careHistory of medicinePosttraumatic stress disorderReasoningTraditional Chinese medicineTraditional medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Developmental Regulation of p66<sup>Shc</sup> Is Altered by Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Baboons and Humans
Authors: Matt K. Lee, Gloria S. Pryhuber, Margaret A. Schwarz, Susan M. Smith, Zdena Pavlova, Mary E. Sunday
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The p66(Shc) adapter protein antagonizes mitogen-activated protein, or MAP, kinase, mediates oxidative stress, and is developmentally regulated in fetal mouse lungs.To determine if p66(Shc) is similarly regulated in primates and in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which results from oxidative injury to immature lungs.Normal and injured lungs from humans and baboons were evaluated by Western analysis and immunohistochemistry.In baboons, p66(Shc) decreased 80% between 125 and 175 days' gestation (p = 0.025), then doubled after term delivery at 185 days (p = 0.0013). In the hyperoxic 140-day fetal baboon BPD model, p66(Shc) expression persisted, and its localization shifted from the epithelium of gestational controls to the mesenchyme of diseased lungs, coincident with expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cleaved poly(adenyl ribose) polymerase, a marker of apoptosis. Treatment with the antibombesin antibody 2A11 attenuated BPD, reduced cell proliferation, increased p66(Shc) expression 10.5-fold, and preserved epithelial p66(Shc) localization. p66(Shc) also decreased during normal human lung development, falling 87% between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation (p = 0.02). p66(Shc) was expressed throughout 18-week human lungs, became restricted to scattered epithelial cells by 24 weeks, and localized to isolated mesenchymal cells after term delivery. In contrast, p66(Shc) remained prominent in the epithelium of lungs with acute injury or mild BPD, and in the mesenchyme of lungs with severe disease. p66(Shc) localized to tissues expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cleaved poly(adenyl ribose) polymerase.p66(Shc) expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis are concomitantly altered during lung development and in BPD.
Incidentalomas — Clinical Correlation and Translational Science Required
Authors: John H. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

It should have been a moment of huge relief. The biopsy specimen of the temporal artery was positive. We had answered the riddle of the patient's year-long fatigue, limb pain, and turbine-like noises in his head. He had giant-cell arteritis — not cancer, as he had feared. His disease would respond quickly to prednisone, and we had made the diagnosis before he had lost vision. The biopsy findings constituted a eureka moment.1 There was, however, a fly in the ointment. The report of the computed tomographic scan of the patient's abdomen, performed in search of an explanation for the symptoms . . .
Young's Syndrome
Authors: David J. Handelsman, Ann J. Conway, Lyn M. Boylan, John R. Turtle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We studied 29 men with Young's syndrome, a combination of obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections. Men with this syndrome have only mildly impaired respiratory function and normal spermatogenesis; the azoospermia is due to obstruction of the epididymis by inspissated secretions. The diagnosis is based on the occurrence of chronic sinopulmonary infections, persistent azoospermia, normal spermatogenesis, and characteristic epididymal findings, as well as exclusion of cystic fibrosis and the immotile-cilia syndrome. The sperm themselves appear to be normal in Young's syndrome. Pregnancies had occurred in five couples; in three paternity was documented by genotyping. Thus, improved microsurgical and medical therapy might restore fertility. We suggest that Young's syndrome has a prevalence comparable to that of Klinefelter's syndrome and is a common cause of both chronic sinopulmonary infection and azoospermia.
Platelet serotonin promotes the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation in mice
Authors: Daniel Duerschmied, Georgette L. Suidan, Melanie Demers, Nadine Herr, Carla Carbo, Alexander Brill, Stephen M. Cifuni, Maximilian Mauler, Sanja Cicko, Michael Bader, Marco Idzko, Christoph Bode, Denisa D. Wagner
Journal: Blood (2012)
WHO lacks teeth on international health issues, says professor
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the threat of terrorism have raised the profile of health as a global issue–yet bodies such as the World Health Organization are inherently weak in enforcing measures to deal with an international health crisis.

That was the message from Scott Barrett, professor of environmental economics and international political economy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, who was speaking in London last week at a seminar jointly organised by the Department of Health and the Foreign Office.

The seminar was the …
Critical limb ischaemia associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: W V Garrett, J R I Brown, D Pickering, S M Andrews
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer have a wide range of reported side-effects but these have so far not included critical limb ischaemia.We have seen three cases in women being treated for ductal carcinoma of the breast. CASE HISTORIESCase 1A woman of 56 was seen after her left foot had been cold and painful for 24 hours.In addition she said that for two months her fingers had been intermittently cold and blue.Her only risk factor for peripheral vascular disease was cigarette smoking, about ten a day.Recently an invasive ductal cancer of the breast had been treated with wide local excision and axillary clearance.One out of fifteen lymph nodes contained tumour but she was not thought to have metastatic disease elsewhere.She had undergone five cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy (CMF) and was taking tamoxifen.The 5-FU was administered as an intravenous bolus of 987.5 mg at alternating one-week and three-week intervals.The last infusion had been 3 days earlier.On direct questioning, it was clear that the patient had first developed transient pain in her left foot after her first cycle of chemotherapy.When the pain recurred after the second cycle, deep venous thrombosis had been excluded by duplex scanning.On examination her left foot was cold and pulseless and the third and fourth toes were dusky blue.A doppler signal was just audible over the posterior tibial artery but anklebrachial pressure indices were not recordable.An arteriogram revealed a normal aorta and iliac vessels but the left superficial femoral artery was attenuated with occlusion of the popliteal just above the joint line (Figure 1).
Science at the White House: A Political Liability
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The thesis of<i>Science at the White House</i>, by Edward Burger, Jr, MD, is that the physician-scientist may become a political liability when he tries to play a role in public science policy formulation. The debate centers on whether a President should have a science advisor as part of his administration, but the issues raised have implications for all governmental planning in science and health. Burger argues that a liaison between science (in the person of the science advisor) and the governmental public policy hierarchy involves a conflict of interest. The science advisor is caught in the conflicting priorities and incentives of politicians and scientists. Questions arise as to the nature of the advisor's constituency. Does he represent academic science, or is he part of the administration's "team"? Burger believes that the inevitable tendency for the science advisor to become involved in policy-making efforts is damaging for two reasons. First,
Parasites and Western Man
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The Western nations seem to have more than their share of problems as the world grows smaller. These nine authors suggest still another—reintroduction (because of increasing international travel, arrival of large numbers of immigrants, and a decline in Westerners' acquired immunity) of some protozoan, helminthic, and arthropodous parasites into developed countries where these agents may go unrecognized. In other words, in these developed countries, some parasites may be (all but) forgotten but not gone. The authors' approach differs from that of some books on parasitism in that it examines the situation from the point of view of the practitioner in a developed country, not some distant tropical shore. Further, it offers advice about keeping parasitism in perspective. For example, no one likes to learn that they "have worms," but the explanation and treatment can be conducted in a way that avoids instilling guilt or psychologically jarring repugnance. Prevention is emphasized,
Everest and the therapeutic cigarette
Authors: C L Davidson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A third concern is that higher taxes would lead to massive increases in smuggling, thereby keeping smoking high but reducing government revenues.Smuggling is a serious problem.Estimates suggest that 6-8% of all cigarettes consumed globally are smuggled, mostly in the form of non-taxed cigarettes exported free of tax and smuggled back into a country.Large tax differentials between countries provide an obvious motive for smuggling.However, corruption within countries is a stronger predictor of smuggling than price.An econometric model that accounts for potential bootlegging (the legal purchase of cigarettes in one country for consumption or resale in another country without paying applicable taxes or duties) in response to tax increases in 23 European countries in 1995 finds that a unilateral tax increase of 10% by one country would lead to an average increase of 7% in revenue.Coordinated tax increases among neighbouring legislatures would increase tax revenues by 8%. 26 It is important to note the experience of Canada, 27 which reduced its tax rates as an attempt to counter smuggling.The result was that consumption rose, especially among youths, and revenues fell.Thus, rather than forgoing the health benefits of reduced smoking, and increased revenue, the appropriate response for governments is to crack down on smuggling.Smuggling control is a top priority of the World Health Organization's framework convention on tobacco control.
Nursing Homes and Fax Machines
Authors: Eric G. Tangalos, Phyllis I. Freeman, Sherry L. Garness, Colleen P. Kosiak
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The transmission of medical orders and medication changes from the physician's office to the nursing home has been a time-consuming process in the provision of health care for the elderly.<sup>1</sup>During the last year we implemented a program that uses facsimile (fax) machines to transmit physician orders to seven local nursing homes. We believe that this model has wide applicability for physicians with large nursing home practices.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Study.—</h3> During a 1-month trial, a rented fax machine was used to transmit signed physician orders to a 159-bed nursing home. Our goal during this trial period was to design and implement a model for transmission of orders and to determine if this model was time effective in terms of staff at both the nursing home and our clinic. Another factor we needed to consider was the overall cost of this model (<i>Newsweek</i>. April 24, 1989:60). We used
Effect of nebivolol on outcome in elderly patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: insights from SENIORS
Authors: Bart A. Mulder, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Michael Böhm, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Daphne Babalis, Michael Roughton, Marcus D. Flather, Andrew J.S. Coats, Isabelle C. Van Gelder
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Effects of thorough mastication on postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in nonobese Japanese subjects
Authors: Hidehiko Suzuki, Mitsuo Fukushima, Shigeru Okamoto, Osamu Takahashi, Takuro Shimbo, Takeshi Kurose, Yuichiro Yamada, Nobuya Inagaki, Yutaka Seino, Tsuguya Fukui
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Graduate Medical Education, 1997-1998
Authors: Marvin R. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1998)

In response to growing concerns that continued unlimited governmental funding of graduate medical education (GME) would lead to a physician surplus, Congress enacted provisions in the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 to limit further growth, as well as to encourage reductions in GME. The measures incorporated in this section of the BBA reflect recommendations made by a number of major professional associations. The question now is how effective these efforts will be and whether they will produce unintended or deleterious consequences. We report the changes occurring in GME from 1993 to 1997, focusing on changes prior to and since the enactment of the BBA. The total number of residents in GME programs has remained relatively constant from 1993 to 1997. The number of residents entering GME programs without prior GME experience has also remained constant; however, over the same period, the number entering a new program with some prior GME experience has fallen by 5.8%. The number of international medical graduates in all GME programs has increased 12.4% during this same period, while the number of US allopathic medical school graduates has decreased 4.4%. As federal and state initiatives are introduced to change the number and distribution of GME positions, it is critical that the American Medical Association and other professional organizations monitor GME tracking data more systematically and accurately than ever before.