tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dr Foster case notes
Authors: Jocalyn Clark, Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

These recommendations in no way underestimate the depth of the emotional impact of a surgical death on health professionals in general and on surgeons in particular.The pioneering British heart surgeon Lord Brock used to give his senior house officers a copy of an address entitled "A philosophy of surgery" that he had delivered at the Toronto General Hospital in November 1961.Alluding to operative deaths he wrote: "It is the repetition of such experiences that leaves its mark on the surgeon and inevitably influences his life permanently." 13In 1996 I dedicated the Mannheimer Lecture I delivered in Gothenburg to Robert M, "my" first operative death as a heart surgeon 23 years earlier. 14There is no such thing as induced tolerance to surgical deaths.
Effects of griseofulvin on the morphology, growth and metabolism of fibroblasts in culture
Authors: G. C. PRIESTLEY, J. C. BROWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Griseofulvin was tested for its effects on the morphology, proliferation and metabolism of fibroblasts cultured from normal human skin and on established lines of mouse fibroblasts 3T3 and 3T6. In all cells treatment produced slight increases in the mitotic index compatible with transient mitotic arrest, but cultures of 3T3 and 3T6 cells also included high proportions (up to 25%) of abnormal multinucleate cells not present in human strains. The proliferation of all cell strains over a 2 or 4 day period was inhibited in proportion to dose (2--17 microgram/ml) with 50% inhibition of growth in the range of 5--11 microgram/ml. Acid mucopolysaccharide secretion was depressed by about 20% at 4--17 microgram/ml. Total protein synthesis was depressed in 3T6 and in human cells, but there was no specific effect on collagen synthesis or secretion.
A new perspective on the pharmacological treatment of vagal induced atrial fibrillation: Combined inhibition of muscarnic potassium current and IKr
Authors: Bodo Brandts, Marc Van Bracht, Rolf Borchard, Ingo Wickenbrock, Daniel Dirkmann, Magnus Prull, Nadine Bodanowski, Hans-Joachim Trappe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Health of the nation
Authors: J. Stephenson, J H Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1991)

States with a circular slide rule scored in such terms suggested that neither patients nor doctors are motivated by actuarial concepts.To many people an annual risk of 3 in 100 does not seem very different from 3 in 10 000.The concepts of being near the front of the queue and of the potential for moving back seem to be far more readily compre- hensible and motivational, in my experience and that of many other users in the pilot studies and subsequently.Now that the disk is available this can be more formally tested.
Clinical Tests of a New Coumarin Substance
Authors: C. C. Burt, H. P. Wright, M. Kubik
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICALJOURNALbeen postulated as the basis of the acid-fast character of these organisms.There is little doubt that granules con- sisting predominantly of proteins, lipids, or polysaccharides occur irregularly in many organisms and in different metabolic states of the same organism.These considerations naturallv provoke speculation about the status of the nuclear bodies stained by Stille (1937).Piekarski (1937, 1939) and Rooinow (1939, 1942) in numerous bacteria and which have come to occupy a somewhat controversial position in bacteriology in recent years.It is quite clear that electron microscopy does not settle the issue, since many organisms which show such bodies when stained by the Feulgen or Giemsa technique are too opaque for study with electrons.On the other hand, it is possible that some of the stained organisms are secondary forms, and what is taken to be a nucleus is in fact the shrunken body of the organism, especially since the cytoplasm of most bacteria is diffusely basophilic.In the few cases (Piekarski and Ruska, 1939; Robinow and Cosslett, 1948) where the same organism has been stained and examined in the electron micrograph a somewhat sur- prising result has been obtained-namely, where the nuclear body occurs in the stained specimen a lighter vacuole-like area appears in the electron microscope.This suggests that the true nuclear inclusion is more hydrated than other inclu- sions, and more so even than the surrounding cytoplasm.While such a state of affairs is contrary to general cyto- logical experience, it is perhaps not surprising to find it in organisms as dense as are most bacteria.Observations have as yet been too few to allow general- izations to be made regarding the morphology of bacteria.It is clear that the greatest single difficulty in the way of progress lies in the variability of organisms of the same culture.
Pivotal role of TARC, a CC chemokine, in bacteria-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
Authors: H Yoneyama, A Harada, T Imai, M Baba, O Yoshie, Y Zhang, H Higashi, M Murai, H Asakura, K Matsushima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is a recently identified lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine which specifically chemoattracts T helper type 2 CD4(+) T cells in human. To establish the pathophysiological roles of TARC in vivo, we investigated whether a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against TARC could inhibit the induction of hepatic lesions in murine model using Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). P. acnes-induced intrahepatic granuloma formation in the priming phase is essential to the subsequent liver injury elicited by a low dose of LPS. The priming phase appears to be dominated by Th1 type immune responses determined by the profile of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression. TARC was selectively produced by granuloma-forming cells, and CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-expressing CD4(+) T cells migrated into the liver after LPS administration. In vivo injection of anti-TARC mAb just before LPS administration protected the mice from acute lethal liver damage, which was accompanied by a significant reduction of both CCR4 mRNA expression and IL-4 production by liver-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, both TNF-alpha and Fas ligand expressions in the liver were decreased by anti-TARC treatment. These results suggest that recruitment of IL-4-producing CCR4(+) CD4(+) T cells by granuloma-derived TARC into the liver parenchyma may be a key cause of massive liver injury after systemic LPS administration.
1044. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Gene Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alginate in an Articular Fracture Model
Authors: Terri A. Zachos, Steven E. Weisbrode, Alicia L. Bertone
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Approximately six million fractures occur yearly in the United States. Ten to 15% of these will become delayed or nonunions, resulting in prolonged pain and frequently surgery, increasing the monetary burden on the health care system. Articular fractures are particularly problematic. Gene therapy may represent a viable treatment option. The purpose of our study was to create a clinically relevant animal model of articular fracture healing, and to evaluate use of genetically modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSC) to heal bone and cartilage. Our hypothesis was that BMDMSC genetically modified to express bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, delivered in a three-dimensional alginate (ALG) matrix, would augment healing, when compared with wild-type cells in ALG. A first-generation adenoviral vector (Ad) was used to deliver human BMP2 cDNA (AdBMP2) to BMDMSC from Lewis rats (from Tulane Center for Gene Therapy). Articular osteotomies were created in nude rats and treated with BMDMSC, either wild-type(NoAd) or transduced with AdBMP2 or Ad-luciferase reporter gene construct (AdLuc), suspended in 50 μl of 1.2% ALG. Controls were empty ALG and untreated osteotomies. Differentiation of BMDMSC in vitro was monitored in ALG constructs using real- time RT-PCR to document changes in gene expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, type I collagen, and BMP2. Luciferase expression was monitored using an in vivo imaging system. Healing was compared using quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), fluorescent labeling, and histology at post-operative day 14. Upregulation of aggrecan, type II collagen, type I collagen, and BMP2 gene expression were confirmed in BMDMSC transduced with AdBMP2 and suspended in ALG (AdBMP2xBMDMSC/ALG). Osteotomy gap area (mm2) was greater (p < 0.01) in the AdBMP2xBMDMSC/ALG group (Fig. 1) when compared with untreated osteotomies (Fig. 2). In all ALG groups, but not in untreated osteotomies, bone healing was impeded by development of a cartilage mass. Untreated osteotomy gaps filled with fibrous tissue and bone. While this was an unexpected finding, a three- dimensional alginate matrix prevented healing of bone and cartilage. Further study is warranted, particularly in immunocompetent animal models, to evaluate other delivery methods for genetically modified BMDMSC as treatments for complex articular fractures.Fig. 2View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
Edward Lawson McDonald
Authors: Hazel M Baker
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Innovator in perinatal mental healthDiana Riley was a key figure in obstetric liaison psychiatry and perinatal mental health.She researched and published widely over 36 years, including works for health professionals and lay readers on postnatal depression and drug addiction in pregnancy.Diana instituted one of the first mother and baby mental health units in the country, at St John's Hospital, Stone, to care for mothers with postnatal depression without separating them from their babies-a revolutionary idea at the time.She established and supervised psychotherapy groups for mothers with postnatal depression in Buckinghamshire, and developed expertise in drug addiction in pregnancy while working and teaching at University College Hospital, London.She was also a prime mover in one of the earliest dedicated pre-senile dementia units in the country, leading a multidisciplinary team at St John's Hospital, Stone.Brought up in a deprived area of London, Diana was influenced by seeing people unable to afford proper medical treatment.Her conviction that one must add to the sum of human health and happiness informed her work and her relationships with family, friends, and the wider community.After qualifying and marrying, she was a locum in general practice during 1956-60, producing a child a year.She cared for the families of the Royal Air Force at RAF Halton
Metabolic Syndrome in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kelminda Bulhões, Leila Araújo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil with a mortality coefficient of 442 per 100,000 inhabitants (1). In 90% of the individuals with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension, no causal agent is identified; however, current knowledge tends to suggest the importance of increased BMI (particularly as a result of visceral fat) in the physiopathology of this disease. In 1988, Reaven and Hoffman (2) identified the following components of a specific syndrome that would define increased cardiovascular risk: insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, and arterial hypertension.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases substantially with aging, as does the incidence of diabetes (3). Metabolic syndrome is strongly predictive of future diabetes (4), and its presence in hypertensive patients who may be at risk for diabetes should be investigated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive, nondiabetic outpatients.

This cross-sectional study included 102 hypertensive outpatients consecutively seen between December 2003 and May 2005 at a teaching hospital in Brazil. All patients included were aged >18 years with systemic arterial hypertension diagnosed according to the criteria defined by the IV Brazilian Guidelines for Arterial Hypertension (5). Exclusion criteria consisted of secondary hypertension, clinical or laboratory evidence of congestive heart failure, coronary disease, history of cerebral vascular accident, valve defect, or diabetes.

The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, BMI, arterial pressure, waist circumference, total …
Abstract 1300: Exploration of rare variants from exome sequencing in families with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM)
Authors: Mary L. McMaster, Lynn R. Goldin, Melissa Rotunno, Ji He, Laurie Burdette, Amy Hutchinson, Joseph Boland, Meredith Yeager, Margaret A. Tucker, Stephen J. Chanock, Neil E. Caporaso
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In spite of progress in the identification of the somatic events associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), the genetic determinants of WM susceptibility have not been identified. We have conducted exome sequencing in 32 individuals from 9 well-characterized families at high risk for WM. We sequenced 3 or more patients or obligate carriers from each family. We used Nimblegen v2.0 and v3.0 for exome capture followed by sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq2000. Among quality control measures, we required 80% of coding sequences to achieve 15x coverage. To eliminate other possible sequencing artifacts, variants found in more than 1% of samples sequenced in our laboratory from other studies were excluded. Novoalign v.2.07.14 was used for alignment and GATK was used for local re-alignment and variant calling. A large number of rare (&amp;lt;1% frequency in European populations) non-synonymous variants were shared among patients in each family. To prioritize variants for further validation and follow-up, we first searched for variants shared in more than one family; variants in highly conserved regions; those predicted to be damaging by one or more in silico functional models; and variants in genes known to be related to B-cell function and/or disease. We used Ingenuity Variant Analysis to facilitate annotation. We then applied a semi-quantitative scoring algorithm based on these variables to prioritize genes for further evaluation. Although no single gene met all criteria when analyzed across families using this method, we are currently conducting targeted sequencing of 17 highest-scoring genes in an additional 2 WM patients and 92 relatives from these families and 272 other subjects (95 familial WM, 28 nonfamilial WM and 149 informative relatives). Susceptibility gene discovery in this complex disease remains challenging. Citation Format: Mary L. McMaster, Lynn R. Goldin, Melissa Rotunno, Ji He, Laurie Burdette, Amy Hutchinson, Joseph Boland, Meredith Yeager, Margaret A. Tucker, Stephen J. Chanock, Neil E. Caporaso. Exploration of rare variants from exome sequencing in families with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1300. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1300
Diseases of the liver, seventh edition. Edited by L. Schiff and E. R. Schiff, 1,516 pp. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1993. $195
Authors: Lawrence S. Friedman
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatology is now well served by a multitude of textbooks, with a spectrum that ranges from singleauthored, relatively concise, clinically focused books to multiauthored, international, encyclopedic tomes that incorporate full discussions of the basic science underlying the practice of hepatology.Long before we had so many books to choose from, there was "Schiff."First published in 1956, the textbook by Leon Schiff followed Sheila Sherlock's classic monograph by only one year.Everyone else currently in the field can be considered a newcomer; obviously, Schiff and Sherlock are survivors.Parenthetically it should be noted that Leon Schiff was joined in his editorial role by his son, Eugene, a few editions ago; similarly, James Dooley has joined Dame Sherlock.It is my opinion that the multiplicity of competing textbooks, although potentially confusing to the practitioner, has served hepatology well.Indeed, the older books have served as a frame of reference for newer books, whereas the newer books have ensured that the older ones have kept up with the times.It is noteworthy that the new editions of both Schiff and Sherlock are taller now, the same height, in fact, as the most recent editions of Zakim and Boyer, Wright and the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology.In fact, many aspects of the new edition of Schiff are improved.Most noticeable is a partial reordering of the chapters that is more logical and eliminates the troublesome concluding section of previous editions on miscellaneous, apparently orphan, topics.Older, less timely topics such as peritoneojugular shunts no longer merit an entire chapter, whereas sparkling new chapters are devoted to the influence of
New Reports Make Recommendations, Ask for Resources to Stem TB Epidemic
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DISSOLUTE, DISSIPATED, and vicious consumptives... [who] are likely to be most dangerous to the community," according to old records of the New York (NY) City Department of Health, were confined to Riverside, a special hospital on a harbor island, in the early years of this century. Although it was set up with good intentions, "the facility was chaotic," says a present-day historian, and few of the proposed treatment plans could be accomplished. The terms used today to describe most of the estimated 6000 to 7000 persons in New York City with active tuberculosis (TB)—"usually poor and minority members, often homeless, sometimes mentally ill, frequently substance abusers"— are less contemptuous, but issues of how to care for them have become more complex. Some of the problems, as well as the solutions, are old: William Osler, MD, said decades ago that the way to get rid of TB was to "eliminate poverty,
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy of Gas Gangrene
Authors: Harry J. Alvis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is most unfortunate that the facilities in Cincinnati did not offer Altemeier the opportunity to follow the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on anaerobic infections with his meticulous methods of study at first hand. Because of this, we feel his comments (<b>217</b>:806,1971) do not fairly represent the experience of those who are fortunate in having such a facility available. His criticisms of the somewhat empiric approach which characterizes much of this literature are correct, but the elegant methods of study used in his research laboratory are not yet practical for most hospitals. Because of the tragedies that can occur when diagnosis and positive action are delayed in such cases, diagnosis, as he points out, usually must be based on the clinical picture bolstered by the findings on a gramstained smear of wound discharge. We know of no one in these days who advocates hyperbaric oxygenation alone
SELECTION OF DUODENAL ULCER PATIENTS FOR VAGOTOMY
Authors: Stephen J. Stempien
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Vagotomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal and anastomotic peptic ulcers has been reported as a satisfactory procedure by large clinics with a wide experience with this method.<sup>1</sup>In our experience with more than 600 vagotomies, success has depended on the following four factors: (1) a careful selection of patients, (2) the skill and experience of the surgeon in achieving a complete vagotomy, (3) the incorporation of a drainage procedure, preferably pyloroplasty, to avoid retention, and (4) the prolonged postoperative management of the patient until gastrointestinal function has been readjusted. We wish to report in this paper our experience with the selection of patients for surgery. This subject needs much more careful attention and emphasis than it has received in the medical literature. The accompanying table illustrates the contrast in percentage distribution of patientsby the primary indications for surgery between the first 350 cases<sup>1d</sup>in our
Effect of a Community-Based Nursing Intervention on Mortality in Chronically Ill Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kenneth D. Coburn, Sherry Marcantonio, Robert Lazansky, Maryellen Keller, Nancy Davis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Kenneth Coburn and colleagues report findings from a randomized trial evaluating the effects of a complex nursing intervention on mortality risk among older individuals diagnosed with chronic health conditions.
Modulation of anti-tumor lymphocyte function by neurotransmitter glutamate
Authors: Thomas Hodo, Menaka Thounaojam, Anil Shanker
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Most research to date pertaining to neural influence on immune response involves immunosuppression via the anti-inflammatory pathway. However, there is emerging evidence indicating that neurotransmitters have the ability to promote immune activation. We are investigating whether
Prophylactic Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction — Not for Everyone
Authors: Anne M. Gillis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A number of clinical trials have been reported to show that the implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) prevents sudden death from cardiac causes and significantly reduces overall mortality among patients with left ventricular dysfunction in the setting of ischemic heart disease.14 Some of these studies included patients with other risk factors for sudden death from cardiac causes, such as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring and the induction of a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia during electrophysiological testing.1,3 As a consequence of these studies, the use of ICDs for the primary prevention of sudden death from cardiac causes has increased worldwide. However, . . .
Assessing Doctors at Work — Progress and Challenges
Authors: Daniel Klass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A fair amount of scrutiny has been given recently to the assessment of medical students' competence before they enter practice. In this issue of the Journal, Epstein provides a timely summary of advances in this arena.1 In contrast, little attention has been paid to the assessment of doctors who are already in practice. As Epstein points out, far from being a fixed attribute or trait, competence comprises multidimensional sets of behaviors that are dependent on both environmental and individual factors.24 As a result, the assessment of competence must go beyond the identification of who practitioners are, on the basis . . .
Hibernation and Stunning of the Myocardium
Authors: Robert A. Kloner, Karin Przyklenk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Less than 20 years ago, contractile dysfunction of the myocardium in patients with coronary-artery narrowing was thought to be caused by either irreversible damage to myocytes (that is, myocardial infarction or scarring) or reversible ischemia (such as would occur during an attack of angina). During the past decade, however, both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that contractile dysfunction in the heart may also occur in the absence of a myocardial infarction or after an acute ischemic event is over.1 Specifically, two phenomena may account for this contractile dysfunction of viable myocytes: hibernating myocardium or stunned myocardium. The report by . . .