tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for exposure to ambient air pollution--comparison of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels with other exposure markers and markers for oxidative stress.
Authors: H Autrup, B Daneshvar, L O Dragsted, M Gamborg, M Hansen, S Loft, H Okkels, F Nielsen, P S Nielsen, E Raffn, H Wallin, L E Knudsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Human exposure to genotoxic compounds present in ambient air has been studied using selected biomarkers in nonsmoking Danish bus drivers and postal workers. A large interindividual variation in biomarker levels was observed. Significantly higher levels of bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts (75.42 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) and of 2-amino-apidic semialdehyde (AAS) in plasma proteins (56.7 pmol/mg protein) were observed in bus drivers working in the central part of Copenhagen, Denmark. In contrast, significantly higher levels of AAS in hemoglobin (55.8 pmol/mg protein), malondialdehyde in plasma (0. 96 nmol/ml plasma), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-albumin adduct (3.38 fmol/ microg albumin) were observed in the suburban group. The biomarker levels in postal workers were similar to the levels in suburban bus drivers. In the combined group of bus drivers and postal workers, negative correlations were observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adduct and PAH-albumin levels (p = 0.005), and between DNA adduct and [gamma]-glutamyl semialdehyde (GGS) in hemoglobin (p = 0.11). Highly significant correlations were found between PAH-albumin adducts and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and GGS in hemoglobin (p = 0.001). Significant correlations were also observed between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.002). The influence of the glutatione S-transferase (GST) M1 deletion on the correlation between the biomarkers was studied in the combined group. A significant negative correlation was only observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.02) and between DNA adduct and urinary mutagenic activity (p = 0.02) in the GSTM1 null group, but not in the workers who were homozygotes or heterozygotes for GSTM1. Our results indicate that some of the selected biomarkers can be used to distinguish between high and low exposure to environmental genotoxins.
PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF A SCARLATINAL STRAIN OF STREPTOCOCCUS HEMOLYTICUS
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. A tentative method is described for extracting a labile nucleo-protein from scarlatinal Streptococcus hemolyticus. 2. The product differs chemically and serologically from the fractions prepared by subsequent alkaline extraction of the cell residues, and from protein obtained by the classical method for extraction of bacterial "nucleoproteins." 3. The new nucleoprotein is sensitive to very weak alkalies and readily loses nucleic acid under these conditions. The protein degradation products resemble the alkaline-extracted protein fractions of the cell residues. 4. The bearing of the properties of the new nucleoprotein on the chemistry of nucleoproteins in general is discussed, also the possible relation of the fractions obtained to the analysis of streptococcus antigens made by Lancefield.
Early exercise testing after treatment with thrombolytic drugs for acute myocardial infarction: importance of reciprocal ST segment depression
Authors: R N Stevenson, V Umachandran, K Ranjadayalan, R H Roberts, A D Timmis
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To investigate the clinical importance of reciprocal ST depression induced by exercise testing early after acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with thrombolysis.Prospective observational study.District general hospital in London.202 patients (170 men) aged 33-69 with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis.All patients underwent exercise testing and coronary arteriography. ST depression induced by exercise was classified as either reciprocal (associated with ST elevation) or isolated (occurring on its own). The relation between reciprocal ST depression and the following end points was studied: characteristics of the infarct, left ventricular ejection fraction, extent of coronary artery disease on arteriography, and presence of angina induced by exercise.Reciprocal ST depression occurred almost exclusively in Q wave infarctions and was associated with a lower overall ejection fraction than isolated ST depression. It tended to be associated with persistent occlusion of the coronary artery related to the infarct and did not indicate remote ischaemia due to multivessel coronary disease. Unlike isolated ST depression, reciprocal ST depression was not associated with angina induced by exercise.Reciprocal ST depression induced by exercise is usually associated with extensive Q wave infarctions and persistent occlusion of the artery related to the infarct. It does not seem to indicate reversible ischaemia and should not be used as a non-invasive marker of multivessel disease in the assessment of requirements for further investigation soon after acute myocardial infarction.
General Hypothermia for Managing Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: George F. Gowen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Three patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage were treated with prolonged total body hypothermia after other nonoperative measures failed. In each instance the bleeding stopped and has not recurred. Previous experience with operative procedures supported the decision against reoperation for control of hemorrhage. Recurrent bleeding from a postbulbar duodenal ulcer was diagnosed in one case but in the others the bleeding site was not known. Rectal or esophageal temperatures were kept between 30 and 32°C. It is recommended that rewarming begin 24 hours after bleeding has stopped. The satisfactory results in these three cases suggest further trials.
Is There a Need for Additional Means of Recognizing Myocardial Necrosis?
Authors: James T. Willerson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

One might logically question whether there is a need for additional techniques to recognize the presence of acute myocardial infarcts in patients. Traditionally, the ECG and serum measurement of cardiac enzymes have been used to detect the presence or absence of acute myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery disease. For recognizing acute myocardial infarcts, these techniques are adequate in many patients, providing an absolute differentiation between the presence of acute myocardial infarction and other coronary artery disease syndromes, including angina pectoris and acute myocardial ischemia. However, there are subgroups of patients who come to the hospital with chest pain, in whom it is difficult to determine with accuracy whether they have had acute myocardial infarcts when just the ECG and cardiac enzymes are used alone. In particular, patients who arrive at the hospital 16 or more hours after the onset of chest pain, those with conduction abnormalities on their ECG,
TCT-244 Real World 1-year Clinical Outcomes of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Implanted in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tadashi Miyazaki, Azeem Latib, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Katsumasa Sato, Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Toru Naganuma, Filippo Figini, Alaide Chieffo, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Actions of vitamins D2 and D3 and 25-OHD3 in anticonvulsant osteomalacia.
Authors: C Christiansen, P Rodbro, O Munck
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In 54 epileptic outpatients treated for at least one year with anticonvulsants the bone mineral content (B.M.C.), an estimate of total body calcium, and serum calcium were measured before and during treatment with three doses of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3; 200, 100, and 50 mu-g daily) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3; 40, 20, and 10 mu-g daily) for 12 weeks. The results, when compared with the effects of calciferol (vitamin D2; 200, 100, and 50 mu-g daily) in 40 epileptic outpatients, showed different actions in anticonvulsant osteomalacia of vitamin D2 on the one hand and vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3 on the other. In the patients who received vitamin D2 an increase in B.M.C. was found whereas serum calcium was unchanged. The patients who received vitamin D3 or 25-OHD3 showed an increase in serum calcium but unchanged values of B.M.C. The results suggest that liver enzyme induction cannot alone explain anticonvulsant osteomalacia.
Outcome of expectant management of spontaneous first trimester miscarriage: observational study
Authors: C. Luise
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Corals are experiencing unprecedented decline from climate change-induced mass bleaching events. Dispersal not only contributes to coral reef persistence through demographic rescue but can also hinder or facilitate evolutionary adaptation. Locations of reefs that are likely to survive future warming therefore remain largely unknown, particularly within the context of both ecological and evolutionary processes across complex seascapes that differ in temperature range, strength of connectivity, network size, and other characteristics. Here, we used eco-evolutionary simulations to examine coral adaptation to warming across reef networks in the Caribbean, the Southwest Pacific, and the Coral Triangle. We assessed the factors associated with coral persistence in multiple reef systems to understand which results are general and which are sensitive to particular geographic contexts. We found that evolution can be critical in preventing extinction and facilitating the long-term recovery of coral communities in all regions. Furthermore, the strength of immigration to a reef (destination strength) and current sea surface temperature robustly predicted reef persistence across all reef networks and across temperature projections. However, we found higher initial coral cover, slower recovery, and more evolutionary lag in the Coral Triangle, which has a greater number of reefs and more larval settlement than the other regions. We also found the lowest projected future coral cover in the Caribbean. These findings suggest that coral reef persistence depends on ecology, evolution, and habitat network characteristics, and that, under an emissions stabilization scenario (RCP 4.5), recovery may be possible over multiple centuries.
Measuring the Quality of Health Care
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IT is no news that the quality of health care in the United States is often called "inadequate," with the descriptors ranging (±2 S.D.) from "catastrophic" to "spotty." Although a host of distressful anecdotes can be paraded to support this indictment, broad criteria are lacking. Evaluators of the health-care scene lack most of the conventional means used to measure physical or social phenomena. Indeed, the number of indexes is so limited that if a writer mentions the quality of American health care, one can confidently predict that his next sentence will assert that the United States ranks but 14th among . . .
Increased stratum corneum serine protease activity in acute eczematous atopic skin
Authors: R. Voegeli, A.V. Rawlings, M. Breternitz, S. Doppler, T. Schreier, J.W. Fluhr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with changes in stratum corneum (SC) structure and function. The breakdown of epidermal barrier function in AD is associated with changes in corneocyte size and maturation, desquamation, lipid profiles, and some protease activities.The purpose of this study was: (i) to examine physiological changes in lesional (L) skin of acute eczematous AD, compared with nonlesional (NL) AD skin and healthy (H) skin, using sequential tewametry and SC protein analysis to estimate SC thickness; and (ii) to assess which serine proteases might be involved in pathogenesis.Six subjects with H skin, six AD patients with NL skin and six AD patients with mild to moderate eczema (L skin) were enrolled. Skin was assessed using several noninvasive techniques but SC thickness was estimated using tewametry and SC protein content of D-Squame strippings. SC integrity was determined by sequential tape stripping (D-Squame) and infrared densitometry. Kallikreins, plasmin, urokinase and leucocyte elastase protease activities together with a novel SC tryptase-like enzyme activity were quantified.Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) levels after D-Squame stripping were elevated in L compared with NL and H skin at all sampling points (P < 0.05). Conversely, the amount of SC removed by sequential tape stripping was decreased in L skin, indicating increased intracorneocyte cohesion (P < 0.05). By correlating 1/TEWL values and SC removed as an estimate of SC thickness, a significantly thinner SC was observed in L compared with NL and H skin (P < 0.05). Elevated extractable serine protease activity was measured in AD skin in the order: SC tryptase-like enzyme (45x), plasmin (30x), urokinase (7.1x), trypsin-like kallikreins (5.8x) and chymotrypsin-like kallikreins (3.9x). Leucocyte elastase activity was not detected in H and NL skin but was observed in AD SC samples (L skin). All enzymes were elevated in the deeper layers of L SC compared with NL and H SC samples. All consistently elevated SC protease activities were significantly correlated with the bioinstrumental data.We report increased serine protease activities in acute eczematous AD, especially in deeper layers of the SC, including SC tryptase-like enzyme, plasmin, urokinase and leucocyte elastase activities. These elevations in protease activities were associated with impaired barrier function, irritation, and reduced skin capacitance. Increased SC cohesion was apparent despite elevated TEWL during tape stripping, which would indicate reduced SC thickness in acute eczematous lesions of AD. Indeed, this was observed using an estimate of SC thickness.
Hospitalised adult patients with Suspected 2009 H1N1 Infection at Regional Infectious Diseases Units in Scotland – Most had alternative final diagnoses
Authors: A. Ho, R. Fox, R.A. Seaton, A. MacConnachie, E. Peters, C.L. Mackintosh, W.T.A. Todd, N. Kennedy, S. Dundas, R. Gunson
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Immunological abnormalities of aging: an analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations of Werner's syndrome.
Authors: M Goto, Y Horiuchi, K Okumura, T Tada, M Kawata, K Ohmori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Two T lymphocyte-specific antisera, i.e. naturally-occurring auto-antibody to T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients (natural T cell toxic autoantibody) and heterologous antiserum against human brain tissue (antibrain-associated T-cell antigen), were used to detect cell surface antigens of human peripheral T lymphocytes. Nylon column-purified T cells from normal aged individuals and patients with Werner's syndrome (a premature aging syndrome) were reacted with these auto- and heterologous antibodies followed by staining with appropriate fluorescence reagents. The cells were subjected to the automated analysis with fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Fluorescence profiles to T cells of both aged individuals of over 90 yr and Werner's syndrome showed a very similar pattern, with a drastic decrease in the population that had high fluorescence intensity stained with either antiserum accompanied by the relative increase in the cell population that had low fluorescence intensity. Natural T cell toxic autoantibody comparable to that detected in systemic lupus erythematosus patients was found in the serum of six out of seven patients with Werner's syndrome, whereas normal aged individuals produced no such an autoantibody. The results suggest that Werner's syndrome has a change in the lymphocyte population very similar to old individuals, and that such a change is caused by the production of autoantibodies reactive to T lymphocytes.
Mercury Vapor Lamp Injuries
Authors: Norman C. Telles
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  We would like to draw the attention of all physicians to a public health problem associated with exposure to damaged, but operational, high-intensity mercury vapor discharge lamps. Lamps of this type are commonly used in school gymnasiums, sports arenas, parking areas, commercial establishments, and industrial facilities because they produce highly efficient illumination at relatively low cost.  In recent months, a number of reports of eye and facial injury have been received by the Bureau of Radiological Health, FDA, and one of us (J.K.) has recently treated two patients exposed to such radiation. The injuries occurred when the protective outer glass bulb of these lamps was broken, permitting exposure to the intense, shortwave erythemal ultraviolet radiations emitted by the inner bulb.  Ten separate incidents of injury to more than 60 individuals have been reported to the Bureau of Radiological Health. These have occurred under a variety of conditions,
Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: G. Doring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patientsTo the Editors:We share the opinion that the optimal therapeutic strategy to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is still unclear.This situation is not likely to change by comparing small studies employing different methodologies in different settings, particularly our study [1] with that of EBER et al. [2].Clearly, larger studies have to be undertaken to provide a better basis for a consensus in this context.We do not share the opinion of EBER et al.[2] that ''true eradication'' of P. aeruginosa is not proven in our study.Knowing that throat/sputum cultures might be false-negative, we typed sequential P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients and demonstrated that the majority of P. aeruginosa strains, isolated after eradication therapy and a period with negative throat/ sputum cultures, were indeed genotypically different from the initial strains.Similar results have also been obtained from other investigators [3].
Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia revisited: large granular lymphocyte leukemia of cytotoxic NK cells
Authors: R Suzuki, J Suzumiya, S Nakamura, S Aoki, A Notoya, S Ozaki, H Gondo, N Hino, H Mori, H Sugimori, K Kawa, K Oshimi
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Metabolic Mimicry -- Renal Failure with Normal Renal Function
Authors: Bernard F. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Diet is known to affect serum creatinine and urea nitrogen,1 but dietary variations are not usually considered in the differential diagnosis of elevated serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations. I report an instance in which an unusual diet caused such an elevation, simulating chronic renal failure. A 50-year-old asymptomatic woman who was apparently healthy was found during a routine medical checkup to have a serum creatinine concentration of 1.8 mg per deciliter (160 μmol per liter) and a serum urea nitrogen concentration of 35 mg per deciliter (12.4 mmol per liter). The physical examination was normal. She . . .
Breast feeding and atopic eczema
Authors: S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1983)

film, but by the second day there was a rather more flocculated pattern in both lung fields (figure).Bacterial cultures were persistently negative from blood and respiratory tract, but C trachomatis was isolated from tracheal secretions obtained on day 11 on a McCoy cell culture.We did not find raised antibody titres to this organism.On the same day the antibiotic regimen was changed to erythromycin and cefotaxime and subsequently to erythromycin alone at 80 mg/kg/day.Nevertheless, lung function continued to deteriorate with almost complete consolidation of the lung fields.As no other pathogens were isolated other antichlamydial Chest.xrayfilmoflungs.. ..... Chest x ray film of lung fields.treatment was tried.From day 21 sulphadimidine was started at 160 mg/kg/day, and, finally, from day 38 intramuscular oxytetracycline 7-5 mg/kg/day was given.This produced a temporary improvement in the radiological appearance and a reduction in oxygen requirements.The clinical course was complicated by the need for long term parenteral nutrition due to intolerance of nasogastric feeds and intermittent features of a persistent ductus arteriosus, which appeared to close on day 32 after intravenous indomethacin, with no improvement in his clinical condition.He continued to deteriorate and died at the age of 42 days.Permission to conduct a necropsy was
Back Pain and Vertebral Crush Fractures: An Unemphasized Mode of Presentation for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: RICHARD T. DAUPHINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

During a 3-year period, 14 of 319 patients (4.4%) with surgically proved primary hyperparathyroidism had spinal rarefaction with vertebral crush fractures but no unequivocal roentgenographic evidence of osteitis fibrosa generalisata. All complained of back pain, and this was the presenting complaint in 9 of the 14 patients. This incidence was significantly higher (P < 0.001 for women; P < 0.01 for men) than the incidence of similar roentgenographic findings among patients of the same age undergoing operation for protruded intervertebral disks during this same time period. Although tradition equates roentgenographically evident bone disease in primary hyperparathyroidism with the classic findings of osteitis fibrosa generalisata, our observations emphasize that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism occasionally may present in a manner that is indistinguishable symptomatically and roentgenographically from that of postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis.
Brain pH Response to Hyperventilation in Panic Disorder: Preliminary Evidence for Altered Acid-Base Regulation
Authors: Seth Friedman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Previous findings of excess brain lactate and delayed end-tidal CO 2 (pCO 2 ) recovery in subjects with panic disorder during hyperventilation suggested altered acid-base regulation. Two models were posited to explain these results: 1) subjects with panic disorder demonstrate greater alkalosis to hyperventilation, implicating increased lactate as directly compensatory, or 2) subjects with panic disorder demonstrate reduced or blunted alkalosis, implicating increased lactate as overly compensatory to a normal pH response. In both models, delayed pCO 2 recovery in subjects with panic disorder could reflect slower pH normalization in the recovery phase. Method: Asymptomatic medicated patients with panic disorder were studied during regulated hyperventilation. Phosphorous spectroscopy was used to measure brain pH every 2 minutes. Nine subjects with panic disorder were compared to 11 healthy subjects at baseline (five scans), during regulated hyperventilation (five scans), and across recovery (10 scans). Anxiety symptoms were assessed with standard ratings. Results: No subject had a panic attack before hyperventilation. Subjects with panic disorder had lower pCO 2 during hyperventilation and slower pCO 2 recovery across the posthyperventilation interval. Despite this different respiratory response in the panic disorder group, brain pH increases were not significantly greater during hyperventilation, nor was pH return to baseline slowed during posthyperventilation. A linear regression model derived from data of healthy subjects showed pH blunting in the panic disorder group. Conclusions: Although subjects with panic disorder had greater hypocapnea during hyperventilation, their observed pH response, not altered from comparison levels, implicated exaggerated buffering. It is suggested that increased lactate could account for these findings.
Involvement Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Th22/Th17 Polarization In Allergic Diseases
Authors: C. Ple, Y. Fan, H. Vorng, I. Azzaoui, S. Ait Yahia, G. Lazennec, B. Wallaert, A. Tsicopoulos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)