tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct relationship between mononuclear leukocyte and lung beta-adrenergic receptors and apparent reciprocal regulation of extravascular, but not intravascular, alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by the sympathochromaffin system in humans.
Authors: S B Liggett, J C Marker, S D Shah, C L Roper, P E Cryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To examine putative relationships between adrenergic receptors on accessible circulating cells and relatively inaccessible extravascular catecholamine target tissues, we measured mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) and lung beta-adrenergic receptors and platelet and lung alpha-adrenergic receptors in tissues obtained from 15 patients undergoing pulmonary resection. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured concurrently to explore potential regulatory relationships between the activity of the sympathochromaffin system and both intravascular and extravascular adrenergic receptors. MNL and lung membrane beta-adrenergic receptor densities were correlated highly (r = 0.845, P less than 0.001). Platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor and lung alpha 1-adrenergic receptor densities were not. Lung alpha 1-adrenergic receptor densities were positively related to plasma norepinephrine (r = 0.840, P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (r = 0.860, P less than 0.01) concentrations; in contrast, lung beta-adrenergic receptor densities were not positively related to plasma catecholamine concentrations (they tended to be inversely related to plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine [r = -0.698, P less than 0.05] levels). This apparent reciprocal regulation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by the sympathochromaffin system was only demonstrable with adrenergic receptor measurements in the extravascular catecholamine target tissue. Neither MNL beta-adrenergic receptor nor platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor densities were correlated with plasma catecholamine levels. Thus, although measurements of beta-adrenergic receptors on circulating mononuclear leukocytes can be used as indices of extravascular target tissue beta-adrenergic receptor densities (at least in lung and heart), it would appear that extravascular tissues should be used to study adrenergic receptor regulation by endogenous catecholamines in humans. These data provide further support for the concept of up regulation, as well as down regulation, of some adrenergic receptor populations during short-term activation of the sympathochromaffin system in humans.
Comorbidity, Smoking Behavior and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Nancy J. Keuthen, Ray S. Niaura, Belinda Borrelli, Michael Goldstein, Judith DePue, Chris Murphy, David Gastfriend, Stewart R. Reiter, David Abrams
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; A sizeable sector of the population continues to smoke cigarettes despite our efforts to prevent and treat this addiction. We explored the relationships between lifetime comorbidity, psychiatric symptomatology, smoking behavior and treatment outcome to better understand vulnerability to smoking and treatment response. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; One hundred and twenty smokers at two sites were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, 10-week smoking cessation trial with fluoxetine and behavioral treatment. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered prior to treatment initiation. Self-report measures were used to assess psychiatric symptoms throughout treatment and during a 6-month follow-up period. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Overall 62.3% of our sample were diagnosed with a lifetime mood, anxiety or substance use disorder despite stringent study exclusion criteria. Lifetime comorbidity was shown to be related to higher smoking rates and nicotine dependence, depressed mood and greater self-report of anxiety and stress. Lifetime comorbidity, however, alone or in combination with treatment condition, failed to predict treatment outcome (at posttreatment or follow-up). Baseline depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) were related to treatment outcome only for smokers without a positive history of any psychiatric disorder or depression, with lower BDI scores more frequent in those who were abstinent. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; High prevalence rates of lifetime psychiatric illness and substance use disorders are reported for chronic smokers. Subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms may play a role in smoking behavior in combination with diagnosable disorders. Clinicians need to carefully assess both psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms in chronic smokers to optimize patient-treatment matching.
P132 Comparative study of the Curvilinear Ultrasound Probe (CUP) vs the Linear Ultrasound Probe (LUP) to measure Rectus Femoris Cross Sectional Area (RFcsa)
Authors: S. Mandal, B. Connolly, E. Suh, J. Moxham, N. Hart
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The use of a LUP has been validated in measuring RFcsa in healthy subjects and COPD patients. A technical concern of this method in obese patients is that although the standard LUP has sufficient resolution it may have an insufficient width window and penetration to measure RFcsa. In contrast, the CUP has sufficient penetration, but insufficient resolution. We hypothesised there would be no difference between RFcsa measured with the LUP and CUP and that the “spliced” RFcsa using the LUP has the same value as the whole RFcsa. <h3>Method</h3> Subjects had RFcsa measured at 2/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to superior border of the patella. Image acquisition was made using real time B-mode ultrasonography using a 6 MHz linear probe and 2–5 MHz curvilinear probe. Whole and matching “spliced” RFcsa images were acquired in a subgroup. RFcsa measurements were calculated offline using the Image J® programme. <h3>Results</h3> 27 subjects (5 COPD patients; 22 healthy subjects) were scanned. Of these, 14 had whole RFcsa images visualised with the LUP. These were compared with RFcsa images obtained using the CUP (Abstract P132 figure 1). There was no difference between the LUP and CUP RFcsa measurements (mean LUP RFcsa 344 (112) mm<sup>2</sup> vs mean CUP RFcsa 364 (110) mm<sup>2</sup>; p=ns; intraclass correlation coefficient r=0.95). In addition there was no significant differences between mean “spliced” and whole images (335 (110) mm<sup>2</sup> vs 344 (112) mm<sup>2</sup>; p=ns). Three measurements were acquired with each probe with the mean CV of 2.4% and 2.78% for the CUP and LUP, respectively. For the spliced images, the mean CV was 2.5%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data demonstrate that both linear and curvilinear probes can be used to acquire accurate RFcsa measurements. Furthermore, “splicing” the images from the LUP, when a CUP is not available is a justified method to assess RFcsa. This method should be considered for RFcsa image acquisition in obese patients.
Agencies call for health workers in Gaza to be respected
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The United Nations and international relief agencies fear that continuation of Israel’s onslaught in the Gaza Strip could exacerbate what they already define as a crisis.

Pierre Krahenbuhl, director of operations for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), said, “We’re dealing with a full blown crisis in humanitarian terms,” adding that the situation was “extreme, traumatic, and intolerable.”

“Access to medical care is worsening by the day, and many people are not getting the emergency care they need,” he said in a news conference on 6 January. He added, “Some people are dying because ambulances are not getting there in time. It’s appalling.”

Mr Krahenbuhl called on the warring sides to respect medical workers, who are trying to collect and evacuate wounded people.

He said that an ambulance station at Jabalia was hit in raids over night and that hospitals had also been affected by collateral damage from nearby bombing.

With the intensification of hostilities 580 to 600 people were reported dead and about 3000 wounded in Gaza. In neighbouring southern Israel, an estimated four people have died and 60 injured as a result of rocket attacks.

Unicef said that more than 70 Palestinian children had been killed and at least 650 injured.

Paul Garwood, …
Operative Techniques: Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Authors: Joshua D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current status of the Gene-Tox Program.
Authors: A E Auletta, M Brown, J S Wassom, M C Cimino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Gene-Tox Program is a multiphased effort to review and evaluate the existing literature in assay systems available in the field of genetic toxicology. The first phase of the Gene-Tox Program selected assay systems for evaluation, generated expert panel reviews of the data from the scientific literature, and recommended testing protocols for the systems. Phase II established and evaluated the database of chemical genetic toxicity data for its relevance to identifying human health hazards. The ongoing phase III continues reviewing and updating chemical data in selected assay systems. Currently, data exist on over 4000 chemicals in 27 assay systems; two additional assay systems will be included in phase III. The review data are published in the scientific literature and are also publicly available through the National Library of Medicine TOXNET system. The review and analysis components of Gene-Tox comprise 45 published papers, and several others are in preparation. Differences that have been observed between Gene-Tox and National Toxicology Program databases relative to the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictivity of genetic toxicity data compared to carcinogenesis data are ascribable to differences between the two databases in chemical selection criteria, testing protocols, and chemical class distributions.
228 THE TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAKY-GUT, MICROBIOTA AND SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS IN LIVER CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: F.R. Ponziani, E. Scarpellini, A. Tortora, M. Gabrielli, M.E. Ainora, G. Gasbarrini, V. Valenza, C. Balsano, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Observation Versus Initial Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Paul Pinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersOctober 15, 2013Observation Versus Initial Treatment for Prostate CancerPaul Pinsky, PhDPaul Pinsky, PhDFrom National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment versus observation for low-risk prostate cancer, Hayes and colleagues (1) conclude that watchful waiting is less costly and more effective in terms of quality-adjusted life expectancy than the standard treatment of surgery or radiation. Their base-case results depend heavily on a hazard ratio (HR) for prostate cancer–specific death of 1.48 for treatment versus watchful waiting, which was obtained from an HR observed in the low-risk subgroup in PIVOT (Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial). However, the 95% CI on this HR was extremely wide (0.42 to 5.24) because only 10 deaths ...Reference1. Hayes JH, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, Barry MJ, Kantoff PW, Lee PA, et al. Observation versus initial treatment for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:853-60 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoObservation Versus Initial Treatment for Men With Localized, Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Julia H. Hayes , Daniel A. Ollendorf , Steven D. Pearson , Michael J. Barry , Philip W. Kantoff , Pablo A. Lee , and Pamela M. McMahon Observation Versus Initial Treatment for Prostate Cancer Julia H. Hayes , Michael J. Barry , and Pamela M. McMahon Metrics October 15, 2013Volume 159, Issue 8Page: 574KeywordsCancer treatmentErectile dysfunctionIncontinenceLife expectancyProstate cancerProstate diseasesQuality of lifeSurgery ePublished: 15 October 2013 Issue Published: October 15, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study: Prognosis of 13,010 Resected Lung Cancers
Authors: Hisao Asamura, Tomoyuki Goya, Yoshihiko Koshiishi, Yasunori Sohara, Kenji Eguchi, Masaki Mori, Yohichi Nakanishi, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, Kaoru Shimokata, Hiroshi Inoue, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Etsuo Miyaoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Changes in Early and Late Diastolic Filling Patterns Induced by Long-term Adrenergic β-Blockade in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bert Andersson, Kenneth Caidahl, Andrea di Lenarda, Sanford E. Warren, Franz Goss, Anders Waldenstro¨m, Stig Persson, Ingemar Wallentin, Åke Hjalmarson, Finn Waagstein
Journal: Circulation (1996)

beta-Blockers have been used in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to improve cardiac performance and theoretically would be beneficial to diastolic function. However, there are few reports on changes in diastolic function during chronic pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure.The present study was a substudy in the international Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Trial. Transmitral Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate diastolic function in 77 patients randomly assigned to placebo (n = 37) or metoprolol (n = 40). The patients were treated for 12 months. Changes in Doppler flow variables in the metoprolol group implied a less restrictive filling pattern, expressed as an increase in E-wave deceleration time (placebo, 185 +/- 126 to 181 +/- 64 ms; metoprolol, 152 +/- 63 to 216 +/- 78 ms; P = .01, placebo versus metoprolol). Maximal increase in deceleration time had occurred by 3 months, whereas systolic recovery was achieved gradually and maximal effect was seen by 12 months of treatment. Although deceleration time was correlated to heart rate at baseline, changes in deceleration time were not significantly correlated to changes in heart rate during treatment.During the first 3 months of treatment, maximal effects on diastolic variables were reached, whereas the most prominent effect on systolic function was seen late in the study. It is suggested that effects on diastolic filling account for subsequent later myocardial systolic recovery. The E-wave deceleration time, which in recent studies has been shown to be a powerful predictor of survival, was significantly improved in the metoprolol-treated patients.
Chronic liver injury during obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Florence Tanné, Frédéric Gagnadoux, Olivier Chazouillères, Bernard Fleury, Dominique Wendum, Elisabeth Lasnier, Bernard Lebeau, Raoul Poupon, Lawrence Serfaty
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at risk for the development of fatty liver as a result of being overweight. Several data suggest that OSA per se could be a risk factor of liver injury; ischemic hepatitis during OSA has been reported, and OSA is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated liver damage and potential mechanisms in 163 consecutive nondrinking patients with nocturnal polysomnographic recording for clinical suspicion of OSA. Serum levels of liver enzymes were measured in all patients. Liver biopsy was offered to patients with elevated liver enzymes. Intrahepatic hypoxia was assessed by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on liver biopsy specimens. Severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 50/hr) was seen in 27% of patients; 52% had moderate OSA (AHI 10-50/hr), and 21% had no OSA. Overall, 20% had elevated liver enzymes. Independent parameters associated with elevated liver enzymes were body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.13; CI: 1.03-1.2) and severe OSA (OR: 5.9; CI: 1.2-29). Liver biopsy was performed in 18 of 32 patients with elevated liver enzymes and showed steatohepatitis in 12 cases, associated with fibrosis in 7 cases. Patients with severe OSA were more insulin-resistant according to homeostasis model assessment, had higher percentage of steatosis as well as scores of necrosis and fibrosis, despite similar BMI. Hepatic immunostaining used as an indirect marker of hypoxia was not different between patients with or without severe OSA. In conclusion, severe OSA is a risk factor for elevated liver enzymes and steatohepatitis independent of body weight. Promotion of insulin resistance is probably involved. Further studies are needed to determine whether hypoxia contributes directly to liver injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1290–1296.)
Insulin, Pancreatic Polypeptide, and Glucagon Antibodies in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Christopher M Asplin, Priscilla Hollander, Roger E Pecoraro, Joel Brodsky, Jerry P Palmer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

To assess the possible value of the use of high-purity pork insulin (HPPI) in the United States, the serum insulin (I), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (G), and somatostatin (SRIF) antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 90 conventional insulin-treated diabetic subjects and related to their degree of metabolic control, as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentration. All diabetic subjects had antibodies to insulin, but there was no relationship between any of the antibody binding characteristics and HbA1 level: 47% possessed PP antibodies; mean ± SEM HbA1 in these patients was 14.5 ± 0.3%, identical to those without PP antibodies (14.5 ± 0.4%); 10% had G binding antibodies with HbA1 levels of 14.6 ± 0.8%, similar to those without G antibodies. No subject possessed SRIF antibodies. This lack of correlation between antibody characteristics and metabolic control makes it unlikely that, in the majority of patients, treatment with a less immunogenic insulin (HPPI) versus conventional insulin will result in improved diabetic control.
RECENT CRITICISMS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
Authors: Karen Horney
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is surprising that after nearly forty years it should still be so difficult to have a calm, critical attitude toward psychoanalysis. Neither the proponents nor the critics seem to have difficulty in recognizing the emotional bias of those who disagree with them, but they become indignant at any suggestion of such prejudices in themselves. Psychoanalysts have again been accused of rejecting rational criticism as a manifestation of unconscious emotional "resistances." So far as this has been done it should indeed be condemned, for behind every argument there is an emotional factor; but it is the truth and falsehood of the argument that must be established, independent of the emotional state of the critic. It must be admitted, however, that it is extremely difficult to answer scientifically an article in which the emotions are so intense as to obscure the rational thinking. An extreme of this type
Brain Damage at Birth
Authors: William F. Windle
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Brain damage can be caused in many ways. I have been concerned with that resulting from a deficient supply of oxygen during parturition, ie, with asphyxia neonatorum. The magnitude of the role of this as a killing factor has not been determined, although we well know that it can and does maim a not insignificant number of infants every year. Man, it seems, among all the higher animals, has not yet learned how to manage birth without risk of asphyxia.  The United States boasts of being the richest and most powerful nation on earth. People of many lands come to our shores to learn our technology and to profit from our developments in medical science. Nevertheless, there are some things in which we lag shamefully behind other countries. Our infant mortality is distressingly high. The number of deaths in infants less than 1 year of age has declined only slightly
Is NHS purchasing serious? An American perspective
Authors: D. W Light
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Is NHS purchasing serious? An American perspective Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Acne: Morphogenesis and Treatment
Authors: E. DORINDA LOEFFEL
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<b>The Acnes: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis and Treatment,</b>by W.J. Cunliffe and J.A. Cotterill, 306 pp, 128 illus, $25, Canada $25.75, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1975. "Acne is a malicious disease of adolescence... striking at a time... when an emotional scratch may deepen into life-long scar....Far too many physicians still think of acne as a curse that has to be endured and which responds to treatment uncertainly.... While a cure still eludes us... the informed physician need rarely see a patient he cannot materially help....In view of the powerful weapons in our therapeutic arsenal, it is an execrable offense against suffering youngsters to treat acne passively and pessimistically." These words by Plewig and Kligman eloquently summarize the current thinking about acne that appears in two outstanding books published in 1975. Surprisingly, the books have little in common, differing greatly in both content and basic approach. Together, they provide