tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Cold cures" and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors.
Authors: B. Blackwell, D. C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1969)

SIR,-It is regrettable that your leading article cii angina pectoris (19 April, p. 134) again fails to stress the importance of a search for and correction of anaemia in the management of this condition.I have recently seen two patients, (one with iron deficiency and one with vitamin B12 de- ficiency) presenting with classical effort angina.In both cases the angina was totally relieved by appropriate treatment of the anaemia.-Iam, etc.,
Clinical and angiographic predictors of operative mortality from the collaborative study in coronary artery surgery (CASS).
Authors: J W Kennedy, G C Kaiser, L D Fisher, J K Fritz, W Myers, J G Mudd, T J Ryan
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Fifteen institutions participating in the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) have performed isolated coronary artery bypass surgery upon 6630 patients (1061 women and 5569 men) for coronary artery disease. The overall operative mortality (OM) was 2.3% (range 0.3-6.4%). Mortality increased with age, from 0 in the group 20-29 years old to 7.9% in the group 70 years and older. OM was higher for women in each group, ranging from 2.8% for ages 30-39 years to 12.3% for age 70 years and older (0.8% and 5.8% for men). Clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure were associated with increased OM. Mortality was 1.4% in one-vessel, 2.1% in two-vessel and 2.8% in three-vessel disease (diameter narrowing greater than or equal to 70%). Among 1019 patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis, OM ranged from 1.6% in patients with mild stenosis and a right-dominant system to 25% in patients with severe (greater than or equal to 90%) stenosis and left dominance. OM varied with ejection fraction (EF) (1.9% for EF greater than or equal to 50% to 6.7% for EF less than 19%) and left ventricular wall motion score (1.7% for least abnormal to 9.1% for most abnormal). For elective surgery, OM was 1.7%, for urgent surgery 3.5%, and for emergency surgery 10.8%. Mortality was 40.0% among 30 patients with severe LMCA stenosis who underwent emergency revascularization. Advanced age, female sex, symptoms of heart failure, LMCA stenosis, impaired left ventricular function and nonelective surgery are associated with a higher OM. These factors should be considered in the selection of patients for coronary artery surgery.
Synovial effusion induced by adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
Authors: N Williamson, R Cockel, A G Johnson, C F Hawkins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Heberden Society 327 substrates and products have no effect.Fractionation of normal erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis reveals a decline in the specific activity of A-PRT as the red cells age.In patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the decline in A-PRT activity with ageing of cells is much less marked.Furthermore, the concentrations of free PRPP are as much as 10-fold elevated in the erythrocytes of these children and of patients with partial H-PRT deficiency.A good correlation exists between intracellular PRPP levels and A-PRT activity.We therefore propose that the absence or deficiency of H-PRT from the erythrocyte produces an accumulation of substrate PRPP which stabilizes the A-PRT enzyme against the loss of activity which occurs during ageing of normal
Effects of physical training on -adrenergic receptors in rat myocardial tissue
Authors: L. SYLVESTRE-GERVAIS, A. NADEAU, M. H. NGUYEN, G. TANCREDE, S. ROUSSEAU-MIGNERON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

A diminished sympathetic activity has been related to training bradycardia seen at rest and during exercise. In order to evaluate if changes in heart adrenergic receptors can be one of the mechanisms by which the sympathetic responsiveness could be decreased by physical training, the number and affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors were determined in heart ventricular tissue of rats submitted to a 10-week running programme. Binding studies were done at different concentrations of (-)[3H] dihydroalprenolol (DHA) (0.5 to 14.4 nmol X litre-1) with ventricular membrane preparations from control and trained rats. Direct linear plot analysis revealed that physical training reduced the total number (1933 +/- 192 vs 2922 +/- 211 fmol X ventricles-1; P less than 0.01) density of beta-adrenergic receptors expressed either as fmol X mg-1 of membrane protein (34 +/- 3 vs 43 +/- 3; P less than 0.05) or as fmol X g-1 ventricle (1740 +/- 170 vs 2308 +/- 155; P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the dissociation constant (3.11 +/- 0.14 vs 4.08 +/- 0.51 nmol X litre-1; P greater than 0.05). Basal plasma noradrenaline levels were not affected by training (116 +/- 18 vs 101 +/- 14 pg X cm-3; P greater than 0.10); however the adrenaline values were significantly higher in trained rats (91 +/- 16 vs 47 +/- 7 pg X cm-3; P less than 0.05). These data indicate that physical training induces changes at the level of beta-adrenergic receptors and this may partly explain the bradycardia seen in trained subjects and animals.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study for Quantification of Infarct Size Comparing Directly Serial Versus Single Time-Point Measurements of Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Evangelos Giannitsis, Henning Steen, Kerstin Kurz, Boris Ivandic, Anke C. Simon, Simon Futterer, Christian Schild, Peter Isfort, Allan S. Jaffe, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Effects of apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) on the lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins from apoC-II deficient patients
Authors: N. Matsuoka, K. Shirai, J.D. Johnson, M.L. Kashyap, L.S. Srivastava, T. Yamamura, A. Yamamoto, Y. Saito, A. Kumagai, R.L. Jackson
Journal: Metabolism (1981)
The Physician's Social Responsibility
Authors: James H. Townsend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

EARLY in the second hundred years of our society's existence, it may be fitting to inquire into the purposes that bind us into an organization that has existed over a century, — and, through our parent society, considerably longer.If we examine the earlier clauses of the by-laws of the Massachusetts Medical Society, we see clearly that the original purpose was scientific, — to hold discussions and disseminate information about the management of cases that physicians were encountering in their practice. This continues to be one of our important activities, not only at the local district level, but also in . . .
Ultrasonographic contrast medium improves the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: N. Muscatiello, M. Nacchiero, N. Della Valle, A. Tarollo, F. Diterlizzi, G. Verderosa, V. Nirchio, M. Castriota, V. D'Agnessa, C. Panella, E. Ierardi
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Currently, endoscopic ultrasound is considered the most sensitive method of detecting pancreatic and lymph node lesions, largely because of the possibility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) [1], which is more sensitive than other imaging techniques (transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance) [2] [3]. The specificity of EUS-FNA relies on the adequacy of the biopsy sample extraction. Published data show a diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA ranging from 81.5 % to 100 %, with an average of about 91 %. One report emphasizes that having the pathologist present during EUS-FNA increases the adequacy by 10 % [4]. Unfortunately, this is not possible in all centers, with consequent reduction of the sensitivity and specificity of the examination and, sometimes, a need to repeat the procedure. Reasons why a sample may not be diagnostic include problems related to operator skill and to the removal of interwoven necrotic tissue. To avoid this second problem, we usually use second-generation ultrasonographic contrast medium in order to better target the EUS-FNA at lymph node and pancreatic lesions [5] [6] [7] [8]. In our center we have assessed 66 consecutive EUS-FNA procedures performed up to 2006. The first 26 were done without contrast medium, the remaining 40 with contrast medium ([Fig. 1- 3]). In the first group of biopsy samples (10 pancreas, 16 lymph nodes) the adequacy was 80 % for the pancreas (8/10) and 68.75 % for lymph nodes (11/16). In the remaining 40 patients, the needle aspiration was carried out in the vascular area marked by the contrast medium. This adaptation of the method increased the adequacy of pancreatic lesion detection to 92.3 % (12/13) and that of lymph node lesions to 92.6 % (25/27), giving an average value of 92.5 %. In the light of this experience, we believe that the use of second-generation contrast medium for EUS-FNA should be encouraged in order to confirm the excellent results of our preliminary experience.
Lymph node T cell responses predict the efficacy of live attenuated SIV vaccines
Authors: Yoshinori Fukazawa, Haesun Park, Mark J Cameron, Francois Lefebvre, Richard Lum, Noel Coombes, Eisa Mahyari, Shoko I Hagen, Jin Young Bae, Marcelo Delos Reyes III, Tonya Swanson, Alfred W Legasse, Andrew Sylwester, Scott G Hansen, Andrew T Smith, Petra Stafova, Rebecca Shoemaker, Yuan Li, Kelli Oswald, Michael K Axthelm, Adrian McDermott, Guido Ferrari, David C Montefiori, Paul T Edlefsen, Michael Piatak, Jeffrey D Lifson, Rafick P Sékaly, Louis J Picker
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Mass Spectrometry: Application to Steroid and Peptide Research*
Authors: CEDRIC H. L. SHACKLETON, WENGANG CHAI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

THIS SEEMS an opportune time for reviewing the impact of mass spectrometry on endocrine research. Twenty-five years ago Biemann et al. (1) published data on the mass spectrometry of small peptides, and Vandenheuval et al. first described the gas chromatography (GC) of steroids (2). Twenty years ago the first integrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometer system became available. This was made possible by the research of Ryhage who had fabricated and evaluated an interface for connecting the two parts which had the role of selectively removing the majority of the carrier gas (3). With the introduction of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) it became possible to routinely characterize all components eluting from a GC column. Sjövall (4) published the first data on using this technique for the multicomponent mass spectrometric identification of plasma steroid sulfates. In terms of steroid identification and quantification the years since have been devoted to refining instrumentation and technique. Resolution of steroids improved with the introduction first of glass capillary columns (5); these were later replaced with fused-silica. These latter columns are flexible and now have stationary phase bonded to the surface which leads to robustness and long life. Capillary columns also have low carrier-gas flow rate which allows their direct insertion into the mass spectrometer rendering the interface, whose invention allowed the technique to be developed initially, to be largely made redundant. Great improvements have been made in derivatization techniques necessary for protecting steroids against thermal breakdown (6), and years have been spent improving methods for extracting steroids from aqueous media and separating free steroids from steroid conjugates (7). Naturally, GC/MS instruments have become more reliable and easier to use. In particular, instrument conditions and data processing are now largely managed by computer. The potential for selected-ion-monitoring in quantitative analysis was demonstrated (8). Chemical ionization was introduced (9) which allowed molecular weight and structural information to be obtained on steroids which fragment too readily by electron impact. With all these developments GC/MS has become a very powerful alternative and a technique complimentary to those already used in the endocrine laboratory.
Vertical banded gastroplasty in the treatment of morbid obesity: results of three year follow up.
Authors: N D Carr, R A Harrison, A Tomkins, R Baughen, S Demmer, J Godfrey, C G Clark
Journal: Gut (1989)

Vertical banded gastroplasty has replaced jejunoileal bypass in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Although this procedure carries a low incidence of early postoperative complications there is little information on either longer term follow up or the impact on nutritional status. The present study describes the outcome in 42 patients with morbid obesity who underwent vertical banded gastroplasty and were followed up in a special nutrition clinic between nine and 36 months postoperatively. Body mass index (BMI) fell from a preoperative value of 47.4 (6.7) kg/m2 (mean (SD] to 37.5 (5.8), 35 (6.2), 33.9 (6.1), and 33.1 (5.7) kg/m2 at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months respectively. Immediate postoperative complications were minimal but during follow up four patients developed stenosis of the gastroplasty stoma and required reoperation. Plasma albumen concentrations were maintained but three patients developed iron deficiency anaemia. Most patients were able to eat a normal diet in reduced quantities and noted a marked improvement in the quality of life. The benefits and safety of vertical banded gastroplasty suggest an important role for this operation in the management of morbid obesity.
Effectiveness of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug co-therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: results of a 1-year follow-up study from the CERERRA collaboration
Authors: Katerina Chatzidionysiou, Elisabeth Lie, Evgeny Nasonov, Galina Lukina, Merete Lund Hetland, Ulrik Tarp, Piet L C M van Riel, Dan C Nordström, Juan Gomez-Reino, Karel Pavelka, Matija Tomsic, Tore K Kvien, Ronald F van Vollenhoven, Cem Gabay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives To compare the effectiveness and safety of rituximab alone or in combination with either methotrexate or leflunomide. Methods 10 European registries submitted anonymised datasets with baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month clinical data from patients who started rituximab. Results 1195 patients were treated with rituximab plus methotrexate, 177 with rituximab plus leflunomide and 505 with rituximab alone. Significantly more patients achieved a European League Against Rheumatism good response at 6 months when treated with rituximab plus leflunomide (29.1%) compared with rituximab plus methotrexate (21.1%) and rituximab alone (19.3%; p=0.02 and p=0.01, respectively). Similar results were observed at 12 months. Adverse events occurred in 10.2%, 13.2% and 13.9% of patients on rituximab plus leflunomide, rituximab plus methotrexate and rituximab alone, respectively. Conclusions Leflunomide is an effective and safe alternative to methotrexate as concomitant treatment with rituximab. Slightly better results were obtained by the combination of rituximab and leflunomide than rituximab and methotrexate, raising the possibility of a synergistic effect of leflunomide and rituximab.
THE INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Authors: Eugene L. Lozner, Alexander W. Winkler, F. H. L. Taylor, John P. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1941)

Oral glucose tolerance tests have generally been used to differentiate between diabetes mellitus and the various forms of non-diabetic glycosuria (1).On the basis of such oral tests alterations in carbo- hydrate metabolism have also been reported in nu- merous disorders other than diabetes mellitus.These include endocrine, intracranial and hepatic diseases (2), arthritis (3), and convulsive dis- orders of various types (4).Oral tests, however, necessarily fail to distinguish between effects due to changes in intestinal absorption and those due to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism.Varia- tions in gastric emptying time and in intestinal ab- sorption are in fact known to influence the re- sults of oral tests (5).An intravenous glucose tolerance test automatically eliminates variations due to gastro-intestinal factors.The present study describes the results obtained with a standard intravenous glucose tolerance test.The extent of variation of the test was first determined in normal individuals.It was then applied to patients with a variety of conditions in which the carbo- hydrate metabolism might possibly be deranged. METHODSSixty normal adult subjects were studied.All were in the post-absorptive state and remained in a recumbent position throughout the morning.After a fasting venous blood sample had been obtained, 50 ml. of a 50 per cent solution of glucose in distilled water were injected intra- venously during a period of two minutes.Samples of venous blood were obtained at intervals during the next two or three hours.In the majority of cases hourly urine samples were collected as well.A modification of Benedict's macro-method (6) was used for blood sugar analyses, protein-free filtrates of whole blood being em- ployed.Protein was removed by the zinc precipitation method of Somogyi (7), which also removes most of the non-fermentable reducing substances.Rothberg and Evans' (8) tubes were used in the final visual colorimetric comparison.Urine samples were analyzed for glucose by the quantitative method of Benedict (9).The same procedure was applied to 271 patients in the
Childhood onset arthritis is associated with an increased risk of fracture: a population based study using the General Practice Research Database
Authors: J M Burnham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Childhood onset arthritis is associated with low bone mass and strength. <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether childhood onset arthritis is associated with greater fracture risk. <b>Methods:</b> In a retrospective cohort study all subjects with onset of arthritis between 1 and 19 years of age in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database were identified. As controls, all sex and age matched subjects from a practice that included a subject with arthritis were included. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for first fracture were generated using Mantel-Haenszel methods and Poisson regression. <b>Results:</b> 1939 subjects with arthritis (51% female) and 207 072 controls (53% female) were identified. The median age at arthritis diagnosis was 10.9 years. A total of 129 (6.7%) first fractures were noted in subjects with arthritis compared with 6910 (3.3%) in controls over a median follow up of 3.90 and 3.95 years in the subjects with arthritis and controls, respectively. The IRR (95% confidence interval) for first fracture among subjects with arthritis, compared with controls, according to the age at the start of follow up were 1.49 (0.91 to 2.31) for age &lt;10 years, 3.13 (2.21 to 4.33) at 10–15 years, 1.75 (1.18 to 2.51) at 15–20 years, 1.40 (0.91 to 2.08) at 20–45 years, and 3.97 (2.23 to 6.59) at &gt;45 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> Childhood onset arthritis is associated with a clinically significant increased risk of fracture in children, adolescents and, possibly, adults. Studies are urgently needed to characterise the determinants of structural bone abnormalities in childhood arthritis and devise prevention and treatment strategies.
Oxidative Stress Contributes to Aging by Enhancing Pancreatic Angiogenesis and Insulin Signaling
Authors: Gaëlle Laurent, Florence Solari, Bogdan Mateescu, Melis Karaca, Julien Castel, Brigitte Bourachot, Christophe Magnan, Marc Billaud, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Legislating Tobacco Use: Are Subsidies Hypocritical?-Reply
Authors: Joseph A. Califano
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —I have opposed tobacco subsidies since my tenure as secretary of health, education, and welfare in the late 1970s. But tobacco subsidies deserve less attention in the wake of 1982 legislation that (except for a $1 billion bailout in 1986) reduced their cost to taxpayers to almost nil. Tobacco farmers and cigarette manufacturers now finance most of the cost, and the effect of reducing taxpayer subsidies is only enough to increase the price of a pack of cigarettes by 2 to 3 cents. If anything, the higher price may serve to discourage people—especially teenagers—from smoking.  In short, tobacco subsidies are not worth the battle that would be required to eliminate them. Instead, we should focus on the biggest threat to the public health from the tobacco industry—its use of advertising and marketing aimed at children and teenagers who represent a fresh crop of addicts to its deadly products.
Arthrographic study of the rheumatoid knee. Part 1. Synovial proliferation.
Authors: K Fujikawa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The improved method of double-contrast arthrography for the knee joint, which can give extensive information on the intra-articular components, was undertaken in 131 knee joints with classical rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial proliferation was classified by its localisation into 6 types: nonproliferated (NP); localised, subdivided into suprapatellar pouch (SPP), proper articular (PA), and posterior (POST); panarticular (PAN); and burned out type (BO). These types are intimately related to the radiological stage and pathological changes of the articular cartilage and menisci. By following the dynamic changes of synovial proliferation by arthrography the clinical course of the rheumatoid knee joint may be predicted. While in the NP and SPP types destruction of the joint is minimal, it is relatively rapid and severe in the PA and PAN types. Thus the proliferation in the joint proper has a stronger influence on joint destruction than does the suprapatellar pouch. From these results synovectomy to resect proliferated synovial tissues of the joint proper completely, and to resect those of the suprapatellar pouch only superficially in the early stage, was undertaken in 21 rheumatoid arthritic joints, giving excellent results in 80.9%. The advantages of this method are discussed.
Evidence for a dose-dependent inflammatory response to quartz in the rat lung and its significance in early changes in collagen metabolism.
Authors: S E Sykes, A Morgan, S R Moores, S T Jones, A Holmes, W Davison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The response of the rat lung to a range of doses of quartz at 50 and 100 days after its administration by intratracheal instillation has been assessed by bronchopulmonary lavage. The effects on the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), lymphocytes and macrophages are described. In addition the concentrations of soluble protein and hydroxyproline and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, PZ peptidase and collagenase in lavage fluid supernatants were measured and an assessment of the hydroxyproline content of recovered cells was made. Finally PZ peptidase and collagenase were assayed in PMN-enriched cell fractions and in samples obtained from short-term culture of recovered macrophages. There was a dose-dependent increase in the recovery of all three cell types, and in the amounts of lactate dehydrogenase, protein and hydroxyproline in lavage fluids, which showed no signs of resolution over the 100-day period studied. Measurements of PZ peptidase and collagenase suggested that the PMN, not the macrophages, are the major source of these degradative enzymes. The relevance of these findings with regard to the importance of PMN in quartz-induced fibrosis is discussed.