tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are there risk factors other than genotype associated to hepatitis Cvirus (HCV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT)?
Authors: G.P. Pageaux, I. Parolini, C. Duvoux, C. Vanlemmens, M.C. Picot, D. Cherqui, D. Dhumeaux, G. Mantion, J.P. Miguet, J. Domergue, D. Larrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Characteristics of the Vitalograph spirometer
Authors: C. D. M. Drew, D. T. D. Hughes
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The characteristics and performance of the Vitalograph dry spirometer were studied using the criteria suggested by the International Labour Organisation (I.L.O.) Report on the standardization of respiratory function tests in pneumoconiosis. Comparison was also made with the Bernstein spirometer. The recorder speed, activation volume, and accuracy of volume calibration and linearity comply with most of the suggestions in the I.L.O. Report. The combined resistance and inertia of the Vitalograph exceed the limits cited in the report, however, and are also greater than those reported for the Bernstein and other spirometers. Nevertheless, the Vitalograph calibrates well against the Bernstein for vital capacity and FEV<sub>1</sub> measurements made in normal subjects and in patients with obstructive airways disease. It is therefore suggested that it may be suitable for the assessment of forced expiratory volume and vital capacity in patients and normal subjects, or in population survey work. The fact that it is lightweight, portable, and robust is also an advantage.
Robert David Mayer
Authors: J. Riddell, S. Rachman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Robert David Mayer combined a quiet, sensitive erudition with a fierce intellect and a passion for a national health service with equality of access at the point of delivery.

He had an extraordinary ability to listen and to analyse the narrative. This skill captured the essence for the recipient, whether a patient, colleague, or group of professionals in the wider political forum.

As a director of Camidoc …
Resuscitation from Drowning
Authors: Joseph S. Redding
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A series of experiments was devised to simulate the 3 types of drowning believed to occur in humans. Obstructive asphyxia (simulating laryngospasm) beyond the cessation of efforts to breathe was successfully treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation with air. When the lungs were flooded with sea water after a comparable period of asphyxia, intermittent positive pressure ventilation delayed pulmonary edema and death. Prolonged positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen and the infusion of plasma resulted in survival. Flooding of the lungs with fresh water after asphyxia resulted in sudden ventricular fibrillation. Closed chest cardiac massage combined with intermittent positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen was followed by external defibrillation and the restoration of effective circulation.
Non-invasive pressure support ventilation and CPAP in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: reply to Templier et al.
Authors: Semir Nouira, Riadh Boukef, Wahid Bouida, Wieme Kerkeni, Kaouther Beltaief, Hamdi Boubaker, Latifa Boudhib, Mohamed Habib Grissa, Mohamed Naceur Trimech, Hamadi Boussarsar, Mehdi Methamem, Soudani Marghli, Mondher Ltaief
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Long term clinical outcome of home and hospital intravenous antibiotic treatment in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: J Thornton
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Several studies have suggested that clinical outcomes in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) are equivalent after home and hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics, but these studies were small and selective and only considered one course of treatment.A retrospective longitudinal study was performed to compare the clinical outcome over a period of 1 year of all patients attending the Manchester Adult CF Unit who received intravenous antibiotics at home or in hospital. The primary outcome measure was percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) at the end of the 1 year period. Baseline "best" and "average" FEV(1) values were established for each patient for the year before the study. The secondary outcome measures were percentage changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) and body weight.A total of 116 patients received 454 courses of intravenous antibiotics. At the end of 1 year there had been a mean percentage decline in FEV(1) compared with the baseline "average" for patients treated mostly at home but an improvement in patients treated mostly in hospital (Tukey's HSD mean difference 10.1%, 95% CI 2.9 to 17.2, p = 0.003). For all patients there was a mean percentage decline in FEV(1) from the baseline "best" value. For each course of treatment the mean percentage improvements in FEV(1) at the end of the course from the start of the course were significantly higher for patients treated in hospital than for those treated at home.Clinical outcome, as defined by spirometric parameters and body weight, was better after a course of treatment in hospital than after home treatment, and this benefit was maintained over 1 year of treatment. The results suggest that patients treated at home need closer supervision.
Antibody to hepatitis C virus in the serum of patients with chponic hepatitis
Authors: F. Bonino, G. Kuo, M.R. Brunetto, G. Saracco, F. Rosina, F. Oliveri, M. Baldi, P. Vallauri, M. Torrani Cerenzia, M. Capaibo, M. Rizzetto, G. Verme, O.L. Choo, M. Hougbton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
The non-LTR retrotransposon Rex3 from the fish Xiphophorus is widespread among teleosts
Authors: J. N. Volff, C. Korting, K. Sweeney, M. Schartl
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Rex3, the first reverse transcriptase (RT)-encoding retrotransposon isolated from the melanoma fish model Xiphophorus, is a non-long-terminal-repeat element related to the RTE family. The essential features of Rex3 are (1) an endonuclease and a reverse transcriptase, (2) 5' truncations of most of the copies, (3) a 3' tail consisting of tandem repeats of the sequence GATG, and (4) short target site sequence duplications of variable length. Compilation of Rex3 sequences from the pufferfish genome project suggested that, as observed for other members of the RTE family, no additional large open reading frame was present upstream of the endonuclease/reverse transcriptase open reading frame. There are about a thousand copies of Rex3 in the haploid genome of Xiphophorus, some of them probably resulting from recent retrotransposition events. Rex3 RNA was detected by RT-PCR in melanoma and in nontumorous tissues, as well as in melanoma-derived and embryonic cell lines. Rex3 is present in a broad panel of teleost species and was found in the promoter region and in introns of various genes. To our knowledge, Rex3 is the first autonomous retrotransposon described to date which is widespread in teleosts. This wide distribution and occasional association with coding sequences may confer on Rex3 a predisposition to play a role in genome evolution in teleosts.
A Stool Collection Device: The First Step in Occult Blood Testing
Authors: DAVID A. AHLQUIST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Despite widespread fecal blood testing, the technique of gathering stool for sampling has remained uncontrolled. We sought to describe how patients have contended with this awkward step, to study artifact caused by toilet water, and to construct a collection device that prevents sampling problems. A survey of 250 patients showed that most (56%) had retrieved stools from the toilet basin, 17% used a pan or other household receptacle, 10% used newspaper or tissue paper, and 17% had been unable or unwilling. Sampling stool from the toilet basin introduces error because 4% to 75% of blood leaches from the fecal surface into surrounding water after only 4 to 12 minutes, and many toilet sanitizers cause false-positive guaiac reactions. We describe an inexpensive, disposable stool collector; outpatient compliance has been 97% using this device. To avoid biochemical artifact and facilitate stool sampling, we advocate that a collection device be incorporated into the occult blood testing process.
Hospital Consolidation, Competition, and Quality
Authors: Thomas C. Tsai, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aspects of audit. 4: Acceptability of audit.
Authors: C D Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Whether or not audit is accepted in Britain will be determined principally by how it is controlled, how much it costs, and how effective it is. The objectives of audit have been defined as education, planning, evaluation, research, and anticipatory diplomacy--that is, starting internal audit before external audit is imposed on the medical profession. Published reports suggest that in Britain internal audit would be more effective andless expensive than the complex professional standards review organisation devised by the Federal Government in the United States.
The FDA and Drug Marketing Expenditures
Authors: Herbert L. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An article in the November 14, 1990, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, "The Federal Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising and Promotion,"<sup>1</sup>was most informative. There was, however, conspicuous failure to address a key question: does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consider how much advertising and promotion add to the escalating cost of drugs? An answer to this question is particularly appropriate at this time when there is a public mandate for legislation to control the high cost of medical care.
Inter-observer agreement of water and solid swallows in high resolution manometry
Authors: R. Sweis, E. Kaufman, S. Obrecht, S. Crichton, A. Anggiansah, M. Fox
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> High Resolution Manometry (HRM) with presentation of pressure data as spatiotemporal plots highlights oesophageal landmarks and contractions that facilitates data analysis and interpretation. Normal values have been published for water swallows in the supine position. Studies in the upright position and with solid swallows reproduce more normal swallowing behaviour and increase test sensitivity for symptomatic dysmotility and dysfunction; however these ‘physiologic challenge swallows’ increase the complexity of pressure activity which may impair interinvestigator agreement. The aim of this study is to assess the interobserver agreement of water and solid swallows in the upright and supine positions for HRM. <h3>Methods</h3> 12 healthy volunteers (Male:Female 5:7, age 28–56) underwent HRM using a 36 channel solid state assembly (Manoscan 360; Sierra Scientific Instruments) with sensors spaced at 10 mm intervals from the pharynx to the stomach. After baseline measurements of the oesophago-gastric junction, assessment with 5×5 ml water and 3×1 cc bread swallows were assessed in the upright and supine position. Spatiotemporal plots of upright swallows were assessed by 3 investigators and supine swallows were analysed by 2 investigators. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess agreement for continuous variables corrected for chance. An ICC of &lt;0.2 implies little, &gt;0.5 good and &gt;0.80 almost perfect agreement. <h3>Results</h3> In the supine position ICC between two raters was &gt;0.8 for all parameters for liquids and solids. In the upright position the ICC between three raters was significant and &gt;0.5 for all parameters measured using liquid and solid swallows except for velocity (table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is a high rate of agreement between observers for key HRM parameters during liquid and solid swallows. Interobserver agreement for velocity and, to a lesser extent, other parameters was lower in the upright than the supine positions likely due to reduced contractile pressures and coordination in the physiologic position.
Abstract 4322: Ligand-directed therapy and molecular imaging in a mouse model of androgen-independent osteogenic prostate cancer
Authors: Wouter HP Driessen, Jami Mandelin, Marina Cardó-Vila, Jaesung Kim, Paul Mathew, Nora M. Navone, Suren Soghomonyan, Leo G. Flores, Mian M. Alauddin, Juri G. Gelovani, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In working towards a theranostic approach in human prostate cancer, we have used in vivo phage display in a unique animal model of androgen-independent human osteoblastic bone metastases (animal model described by Li et al. J. Clin. Invest. 2008 Aug;118(8):2697-710) to uncover accessible targets and peptide ligands for molecular imaging and treatment. This unbiased combinatorial screening identified a peptide targeting Glucose-regulated Protein 78kDa (GRP78), a protein previously implicated in human cancer, including prostate cancer. By using a hybrid gene delivery vehicle consisting of phage capsid-proteins and AAV genomic elements (AAVP) we have successfully expressed thymidine kinase protein from Herpes Simplex Virus (HSVtk) for a gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) approach. In combination with 18FEAU as an imaging probe, the expression of this protein was monitored by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). After expression was confirmed, treatment with the prodrug gancyclovir was used to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. In a second approach, this ligand-receptor system was used to specifically and efficiently deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro and in vivo. Both approaches clearly show that the newly identified peptide targeting GRP78 can be considered for targeted drug development against human metastatic androgen-independent osteogenic prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4322.
Lifestyle Effects on Hematopoiesis and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Matthias Nahrendorf, Filip K. Swirski
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Diet, exercise, stress, and sleep are receiving attention as environmental modifiers of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, the culprit condition of myocardial infarction and stroke. Accumulating data indicate that psychosocial stress and a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet aggravate cardiovascular disease, whereas regular physical activity and healthy sleeping habits help prevent it. Here, we raise the possibility that inflammation-associated leukocyte production plays a causal role in lifestyle effects on atherosclerosis progression. Specifically, we explore whether and how potent real-life disease modifiers influence hematopoiesis’ molecular and cellular machinery. Lifestyle, we hypothesize, may rearrange hematopoietic topography, diverting production from the bone marrow to the periphery, thus propagating a quantitative and qualitative drift of the macrophage supply chain. These changes may involve progenitor-extrinsic and intrinsic communication nodes that connect organ systems along neuroimmune and immunometabolic axes, ultimately leading to an altered number and phenotype of lesional macrophages. We propose that, in conjunction with improved public health policy, future therapeutics could aim to modulate the quantitative and qualitative output, as well as the location, of the hematopoietic tree to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis complications.
Activation of Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells Following Ligation of BLT1 by Leukotriene B4
Authors: H. Ohnishi, N. Miyahara, C.H. Swasey, K. Takeda, A. Dakhama, J. Domenico, J.J. Lucas, S. Mathis, B. Haribabu, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Follow up for childhood cancer survivors needs clarification
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cancer Research UK has called for guidelines on the long term follow up of survivors of childhood cancer, after a study commissioned by the charity found extensive variation in the way these patients are monitored in later life.

Survival prospects in most childhood cancers have been improving for decades, with the result that long term survivors today make up about 1 in 1000 of the adult population. Some …
296 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND HEPATOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN ADULT PROGENITOR CELLS FROM LIVER AND PANCREAS
Authors: C. Duret, I. Iankova, J. Ramos, S. Gerbal-Chaloin, J.-M. Fabre, A. Wojtusciszyn, P. Maurel, M. Daujat-Chavanieu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Differential roles of splanchnic and peripheral tissues in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance.
Authors: L Saccà, G Orofino, A Petrone, C Vigorito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To identify the mechanism(s) of the altered glucoregulatory response to a glucose load in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, we selectively quantitated the components of net splanchnic glucose balance, i.e., splanchnic glucose uptake and hepatic glucose output, as well as peripheral glucose uptake, by combining [3-3H]glucose infusion with hepatic vein catheterization. After intravenous glucose infusion (6 mg X kg-1 X min-1 for 90 min), blood glucose rose to 172 +/- 7 mg/dl in controls and 232 +/- 13 mg/dl in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (P less than 0.01). The response of plasma insulin did not differ significantly between the two groups (29 +/- 4 vs. 40 +/- 10 microU/ml at 90 min in control and in glucose intolerant subjects, respectively; P = NS). In both groups, glucose infusion caused the net splanchnic glucose balance to switch from the net output of the basal state to a net glucose uptake. However, this effect was more marked in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance than in control subjects (at 90 min: 2.83 +/- 0.53 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.18 mg X kg-1 X min-1, respectively: P less than 0.05). The different pattern of splanchnic glucose balance was entirely accounted for by a greater rise in splanchnic glucose uptake in the group of glucose intolerants , as the suppression of endogenous glucose output by the glucose load was practically complete in both groups. In contrast, glucose uptake by peripheral tissues increased considerably less in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance than in controls (2.2-2.6 vs 3.6-4.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1, respectively, between 60 and 90 min; P less than 0.01-0.001). Furthermore, a net splanchnic lactate uptake was present in the basal state, which was inhibited by the glucose load and switched to a comparable net lactate output in both groups. These results indicate that the mechanism responsible for the altered glucoregulation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance resides entirely in the peripheral tissues whose ability to dispose of a glucose load is drastically reduced. On the other hand, no defect is detectable in any of the explored mechanisms regulating splanchnic glucose metabolism during the disposal of an exogenous glucose load.
Half a Century of Unnecessary Sexual Myths
Authors: William H. Masters
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The publication of the article entitled "The Gynecologic Consideration of the Sexual Act" in this issue ofThe Journal(p 222) is almost a century late. Obviously, Denslow Lewis was a physician far ahead of his time both socially and professionally. It is interesting to muse on potential consequences that might have accrued in our culture and our profession had this article been published when it was originally submitted in 1899. Granted, such retrospective presumption is fanciful, but we also realize that it only takes one small positive step to loosen the bonds that ignorance and taboo have imposed on a society. In a positive vein, we might anticipate that the study of human sexuality would have been routinely considered in medical school curricula long before the 1970s, when most schools introduced the subject for required study. Consequently, decades ago, there probably would have been far more definite investigations of
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON IMPLANTED EMBRYONIC TISSUE
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. Grafts of embryonic tissue obtained at operation and implanted in the mother, will grow well in case she no longer carries young. The growth is no more rapid than that in favorable nonpregnant aliens, but persists for a longer period without retrogression and results in a greater variety of tissues. The superiority of auto-transplantation over iso-transplantation is responsible for this fact. No evidence of a specific "growth-substance" peculiar to the pregnant state is furnished by the experiment. 2. When a mouse is implanted with embryonic tissue from her own uterus, and she still carries developing young, the fate of the grafts is very different from that just described. They are vascularized from the host but fail to grow or differentiate. Yet they do not die, and after pregnancy is concluded they may start to grow. The finding is strikingly like that noted by others of implanted tumor in pregnant hosts. It seems probable that some general factor affecting the growth of implanted tissues is here concerned.
CHANGES IN LIPID CONTENT OF SERUM AND OF LIVER FOLLOWING BILATERAL RENAL ABLATION OR URETERAL LIGATION
Authors: A. W. Winkler, S. H. Durlacher, H. E. Hoff, E. B. Man
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. In the dog and monkey bilateral nephrectomy or ureteral ligation results in a marked, progressive increase of total fatty acids, of free and esterified cholesterol, of phospholipid, and of free fat of serum. 2. No such changes follow unilateral nephrectomy, splenectomy, or fasting. 3. The increase after bilateral nephrectomy is not inhibited by glucose administration. 4. A marked increase of the phospholipid and a less significant elevation in cholesterol content of the liver accompanies this increase of serum lipids after bilateral nephrectomy.
Cervical Dysplasia Regression Induced by All- trans -Retinoic Acid
Authors: Michael B. Aporn, Anita B. Roberts
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Cervical Dysplasia Regression Induced by All- trans -Retinoic Acid Get access Michael B. Aporn, Michael B. Aporn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anita B. Roberts Anita B. Roberts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 476–477, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.476 Published: 06 April 1994 Article history Received: 25 February 1994 Accepted: 28 February 1994 Published: 06 April 1994
In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, a Mediterranean diet (vs a low-fat diet) delayed start of glucose-lowering drugs
Authors: Eugene C. Corbett Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Esposito K, Maiorino MI, Petrizzo M, Bellastella G, Giugliano D. The effects of a Mediterranean diet on need for diabetes drugs and remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Follow-up of a randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:1824-30. 24722497