tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Digital Vascular Responses in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects to Intravenous and Intra-arterial Injections of Synthetic Angiotensin II.
Authors: G. E. Burch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Digital Vascular Responses in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects to Intravenous and Intra-arterial Injections of Synthetic Angiotensin II.G. E. Burch, M.D., F.A.C.P., N. P. DePasquale, M.D.G. E. Burch, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, N. P. DePasquale, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-666_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe importance of local circulatory regulation has gained in acceptance during the last few years. Recent studies in this laboratory have indicated that the nonapeptide bradykinin selectively constricts the arteriovenous anastomoses. Because the octapeptide angiotensin II may also participate in local regulation of blood flow, the digital vascular responses to arterial and venous injections of this substance were studied in 20 normotensive and hypertensive subjects resting in bed in an environmentally controlled room. Digital blood flow was measured by means of the digital rheoplethysmograph. This apparatus makes it possible to measure the volumes and rates of digital inflow, outflow, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. E. Burch, M.D., F.A.C.P.; N. P. DePasquale, M.D.Affiliations: New Orleans, La. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDigital Blood Flow: II. The Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Vasopressor Agents Using Electrical Impedance Method * *From the Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. This work was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association. 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 666-666KeywordsBlood flowResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sodium Fluride and Optic Neuritis
Authors: M. G. Geall, L. J. Beilin
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Oxymorphone-Eames and PoolBf L 355 maternal pulse rate, blood-pressure, or respiratory rate with either drug.The foetal heart was slowed with both drugs at half an hour, but that from oxymorphone was significantly greater than that from pethidine.However, this significance was only at the 5% level, and was not observed at later times.To conclude, we have been unable to demonstrate that oxy- morphone is superior to pethidine when the two are used alone as analgesics in labour.Past experience with drug mixturesfor example, pethidine and phenothiazine-has led to the strong clinical impression that they are more effective as analgesics and sedatives in labour than oxymorphone or pethi- dine alone.Certainly neither oxymorphone nor pethidine represents the ideal obstetric analgesic. SummaryThe analgesic and sedative effects of oxymorphone and pethidine have been compared in a double blind trial on 148 patients in labour.They are shown to be equally safe and effective.It is considered that neither oxymorphone alone nor pethidine alone provides adequate relief of pain in labour.We wish to thank Mr. R. M. Feroze for his advice and encourage- ment during the trial.We also wish to express our thanks to the sisters, nursing staff, and midwifery clerks for their assistance; to Mrs. V. Walker for carrying out the statistical analysis; and to Miss Gadaby for her help.The ampoules used during this trial were kindly supplied by British Drug Houses Ltd.
Primary care and public health.
Authors: D R Hannay
Journal: BMJ (1993)

disorders on the approved list, despite there being no regulation to that effect.This list can serve only as a guide.Though quite useful in diabetic wounds, hyperbaric oxygen is only part of a programme of total wound care.For some diabetic wounds hyperbaric oxygen is inappropriate if the large vessels distal to the trifurcation at the knee are occluded or severely stenotic.Crush injury and impending compartment syndrome need to be treated immediately if any worthwhile result is to follow.Late referral, which gives time for oedema, reperfusion, and injury; free radical damage; and the no reflow phenomenon to do their work, makes the treatment largely a waste of time and money.For some surgical patients the potential dangers of further trauma to the wound during transportation will militate against the use of hyperbaric oxygen.Experience has shown, however, that patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning can be transported safely over long distances in a properly equipped ambulance or helicopter.Before transfer of a critically ill patient is contemplated it should be ascertained that the receiving chamber facility can 1 BMA Board of Science and Education.
NICE recommends aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Aromatase inhibitors are recommended as alternative options to tamoxifen for treating early breast cancer that is oestrogen receptor positive in postmenopausal women, says draft guidance for the NHS published this week.

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) advises on the use of treatments by the NHS in England and Wales. It recommended that the choice of treatment for oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer should be made after discussion between the patient and their doctor about the risks and benefits of the options available.

The options are primary adjuvant treatment with an aromatase …
FRACTURES OF THE ANKLE JOINT AND OF THE LOWER END OF THE TIBIA AND FIBULA
Authors: EDGAR LORRINGTON GILCREEST
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The rapid advances in operative surgery during the last twenty-five years have cast a glamour over the eyes of the younger generation of surgeons. They have been charmed, so to speak, by the dramatic chapters of abdominal surgery. They talk at great length about the technic of this or that operation (and technic is a constantly changing thing) but often manifest great ignorance on some of the fundamental and cardinal principles of the treatment of fractures; and as the great majority of fractures are still treated by the general surgeon or general practitioner, I wish to state as emphatically as I can that it is just as essential for them to be conversant with the proper treatment of these conditions as with other common surgical problems. By proper treatment I refer just as much to the ultimate complete functional return of the part as to the immediate anatomic reposition of
Prediction of Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics by Use of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Phenotyping Probes
Authors: R. H. J. Mathijssen, F. A. de Jong, R. H. N. van Schaik, E. R. Lepper, L. E. Friberg, T. Rietveld, P. de Bruijn, W. J. Graveland, W. D. Figg, J. Verweij, A. Sparreboom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that has been approved for use as a first- and second-line treatment for colorectal cancer. The response to irinotecan is variable, possibly because of interindividual variation in the expression of the enzymes that metabolize irinotecan, including cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). We prospectively explored the relationships between CYP3A phenotype, as assessed by erythromycin metabolism and midazolam clearance, and the metabolism of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38. Methods: Of the 30 white cancer patients, 27 received at least two treatments with irinotecan administered as one 90-minute infusion (dose, 600 mg) with 3 weeks between treatments, and three received only one treatment. Before the first and second treatments, patients underwent an erythromycin breath test and a midazolam clearance test as phenotyping probes for CYP3A4. Erythromycin metabolism was assessed as the area under the curve for the flux of radioactivity in exhaled CO 2 within 40 minutes after administration of [ N -methyl- 14 C]erythromycin. Midazolam and irinotecan were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and screened for genetic variants in CYP3A4 and UGT1A1. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: CYP3A4 activity varied sevenfold (range = 0.223%–1.53% of dose) among patients, whereas midazolam clearance varied fourfold (range = 262–1012 mL/min), although intraindividual variation was small. Erythromycin metabolism was not statistically significantly associated with irinotecan clearance ( P = .090), whereas midazolam clearance was highly correlated with irinotecan clearance ( r = .745, P <.001). In addition, the presence of a UGT1A1 variant with a (TA) 7 repeat in the promoter (UGT1A1*28) was associated with increased exposure to SN-38 (435 ng · h/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 339 to 531 ng · h/mL in patients who are homozygous for wild-type UGT1A1; 631 ng · h/mL, 95% CI = 499 to 762 ng · h/mL in heterozygous patients; and 1343 ng · h/mL, 95% CI = 0 to 4181 ng · h/mL in patients who are homozygous for UGT1A1*28) ( P = .006). Conclusion: CYP3A4 phenotype, as assessed by midazolam clearance, is statistically significantly associated with irinotecan pharmacokinetics. Evaluation of midazolam clearance combined with UGT1A1*28 genotyping may assist with optimization of irinotecan chemotherapy.
AMA AUXILIARY ACTIVITIES 1976-1977
Authors: Norman H. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unusual presentation of multiple myeloma with unilateral visual loss and numb chin syndrome in a young adult
Authors: Marie C. Hogan, Augustine Lee, Lawrence A. Solberg, Stephan D. Thomé
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract A 39‐year‐old man presented with unilateral visual loss as the first sign of multiple myeloma (MM). His visual loss was due to a plasmacytoma in the sphenoid sinus compressing the optic nerve with resultant optic nerve atrophy. Shortly after this presentation he developed numb chin syndrome due to a mandibular plasmocytoma compressing the mental nerve. His MM progressed rapidly despite treatment with high‐dose steroids and alkylating agents and he required allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in order to achieve a remission. We reviewed the published medical literature on the presentation of MM with visual impairment and present a summary in tabular form in this paper. This is the first reported case of MM presenting with isolated complete visual loss due to intracranial extrinsic compression of the optic nerve since the advent of modern cross‐sectional imaging. Multiple myeloma needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of cranial neuropathies and skull base neoplasms even in adults under 40 years of age. Am. J. Hematol. 70:55–59, 2002.
Book Review A Textbook of in Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction: Based on the Teaching Courses of Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge, and the Hallam Medical Centre, London Edited by Peter R. Brinsden and Paul A. Rainsbury. 451 pp., illustrated. Park Ridge, N.J., Parthenon, 1992. $110. 1-85070-323-X
Authors: Sandra A. Carson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
502 DOSE DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF AST-120 (SPHERICAL CARBON ADSORBENT) ON ARTERIAL AMMONIA, BRAIN EDEMA, AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY MARKER (TNF-α) IN BILE DUCT LIGATED RATS
Authors: C.R. Bosoi, C. Parent-Robitaille, M. Tremblay, C.F. Rose
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA IN TEN MEMBERS OF A FAMILY
Authors: GLENVILLE GIDDINGS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Friedreich's ataxia may be defined as a familial disease manifesting itself at any age during childhood, characterized by imperfect muscular coordination, speech disturbance, and a variety of symptoms and signs varying with different cases. Anatomically, it is characterized by a defective development of the spinal cord. While the disease itself is not rare, the ten cases that I present occurred in one family and constitute, I believe, one of the largest series yet reported. Direct inheritance is not the rule. This is shown not only by the series of cases on which this report is based but also in those mentioned by others, notably Sachs and Oppenheim. A study of these cases seems to indicate that the percentage of diseased individuals in a family increases with each generation. In the first generation of this series four cases were observed, while in the second generation six cases have so far developed.
Failure of hyposensitisation in treatment of children with grass-pollen asthma.
Authors: D J Hill, C S Hosking, M J Shelton, M W Turner
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Twenty asthmatic children with laboratory proved bronchial reactivity to rye-grass pollen were studied over two consecutive grass-pollen seasons. In the first year 11 patients received preseasonal hyposensitisation treatment with an aqueous rye extract and nine received placebo injections. No treatment was given in the second year. Patients in both the active-treatment and placebo groups showed a pronounced clinical deterioration in their asthma during both pollen seasons. Serum concentrations of IgG-specific antibodies to the rye allergen before treatment were similar in both groups, but after immunotherapy and before the pollen season in the first year these antibody concentrations were raised significantly in the treated group (p less than 0.005): by the middle of the pollen seasons the difference was no longer significant. IgE-specific antibodies showed a similar but nonsignificant pattern of response. We found no evidence that limited hyposensitisation with a pollen extract is of any clinical benefit in seasonal asthma despite evidence of an immunological response.
Cause of Asthma.
Authors: G. N. Jack
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Depew, N. Y., Nov. 18, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your report of the meeting of the New York State Medical Association last month, you stated that my "idea is that asthma arises from an inability of the blood to carry the requisite quantity of oxygen," whereas I claimed that this abnormality of the blood causes but one variety of asthma, the asthmatic anematosis. The dyspnea in the other varieties of asthma, i. e., the asthmatic lymphocytosis and the asthmatic toxic leucocytosis, is due largely to a tubular obstruction from the disintegration of an unstable blood, which in the lymphocytic variety fills the air tubes with lymph and mucus; that together with the collateral engorgement of the lymph capillaries nearly closes the lumen of the air tube, while in the toxic leucocytic variety the glands in the larynx and air-tubes are enlarged, producing the wheeze and dyspnea. Yours respectfully,
Acute salicylate poisoning.
Authors: T H Maren
Journal: BMJ (1972)

objectivity in patients' management, so that the doctor might unwittingly be persuaded against a course of action which is ultimiately in the patient's own good.In a practice where it is taken for granted that not only may patients choose a doctor but also the doctor frequently may decide to confer with his colleagues in the presence of the patient, this danger is considerably diminished.So long as all partners are present in one central surgery at most, if not all, consul- ting times, so long as clinical notes are made concisely and clearly, and so long as regular (preferably daily) formal conversations take place between the partners in addition to in- surgery discussions, then we believe that encouraging the patients to consult any of the doctors can only enhance the standard of medical care in general practice.-Weare, etc.,
Ultrasound and Amniocentesis
Authors: Melvyn R. Conrad
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The results of the prospective study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development have been reported (234:1219, 1975) showing amniocentesis to be a safe diagnostic procedure. No mention was made of the contribution or role of ultrasound in this procedure. With the use of sonography, the location of the placenta, the fetus and parts, and the best amniotic fluid pocket may easily be ascertained, thereby assuring an atraumatic, bloodless amniocentesis. 1
Anger is the weed, hate is the tree
Authors: Herbert H Nehrlich
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures Vitamin K supplementation has powerful effectEditor-Porthouse et al conducted a good randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) for prevention of fractures in primary care. 1 However, vitamin D and calcium are not enough.No mention was made of the extensive research from Japan and the Netherlands, which shows that vitamin K supplementation has a powerful effect in decreasing osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures.Combining vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium seems ideal.Researchers from Osaka Medical College showed that vitamin K and vitamin D together increased bone density much better than vitamin K alone. 2hen comparing calcium and vitamin D alone with placebo, researchers at the University of Maastricht found little benefit on bone loss.But those randomised to take vitamin K in addition to calcium and vitamin D had significantly less femoral neck bone loss after three years. 3he Yamaguchi osteoporosis prevention study showed that vitamin K alone reduced vertebral fractures by 56% compared to placebo, comparable to the benefit found from etidronate. 4 Researchers at Hirosaki University in Japan showed that vitamin K lowered bone fractures in elderly female patients with Parkinson's by 90%. 5 The same research team showed an 86% decrease in fractures in elderly patients with Alzheimer's treated with a combination of vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium compared with placebo.w1 If the medical standard became to first use vitamins D and K with calcium before using bisphosphonates or selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the public would save billions of dollars a year.
HOW TO BREED MICE
Authors: Conrad Hon
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In breeding mice, one should be sure to use strong, healthy animals. If the mice are obtained from an unknown stock, they should be isolated for two weeks, and if any of them become sick during this time they must be discarded. Unless this precaution is taken, an epidemic will devastate one's own stock. At the time of mating, the female mice should be from 8 to 10 weeks old, and should weigh from 17 to 18 gm. The males should be from 8 to 10 weeks old, and should weigh at least 20 gm. The period of gestation of the mouse is about twenty-one days. The average litter is five, although some females give birth to as many as twelve. It is best not to put more than four females with one male. The males should not be used more than three or four months, while the females should
The Cancer Ward: Patient Perceptions – Staff Misperceptions
Authors: Alexis M. Nehemkis, Kenneth E. Gerber, Richard A. Charter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The disparity between patient and staff perceptions of life experiences associated with the diagnosis of cancer has relevance to our understanding of the dynamics of patient-staff interaction on an oncology unit. In order to better delineate the psychological issues within the staff-patient relationship, 26 advanced cancer patients, 5 oncologists and 10 nursing staff ranked in order of personal importance to the patients, 14 areas of life changes or loss commonly alluded to in the psychosocial oncology literature. Findings indicated considerable interpatient variability in what constitutes a major loss. Staff ratings of patient loss showed greater consistency and overemphasized certain losses. MD's significantly overrated the importance of pain in these patients. Such biased staff preconceptions about patient values may deleteriously affect the treatment milieu.
Effects of Gemfibrozil on Triglyceride Levels in Patients With NIDDM: Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Investigators
Authors: Aaron I Vinik, John A Colwell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— Patients with NIDDM have a two- to fourfold increased risk of macrovascular disease. The constellation of elevated TGs and decreased HDL cholesterol are recognized as risk factors and constitute the major dyslipidemia in NIDDM. We therefore sought to determine if gemfibrozil (600 mg b.i.d.) was effective in correcting the dyslipidemia of NIDDM. Research Design and Methods– After 8 wk of placebo stabilization, 442 patients from 46 study centers were randomized to double-blind treatment, in a designated 2:1 ratio, 295 received gemfibrozil and 147 received placebo for 20 wk. The primary end point was plasma TG; secondary end points were TC, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and HbA1c. No baseline differences were noted between groups in sex, age, weight, type of diabetic therapy, fasting plasma levels of TGs, HbA1c, or C-peptide. About two-thirds received oral hypoglycemic drugs, one-third insulin Results– TG fell 26.4% in the gemfibrozil group and rose 7.4% in the placebo group (P &amp;lt; 0.023), by an intent-to-treat analysis. When patients who were noncompliant or with inadequate data were excluded, similar results were found—a 30.4% fall with gemfibrozil and a 4.8% increase with placebo (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). TG levels fell within 4 wk and remained low for 20 wk (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean HDL cholesterol rose by 4 wk and increased further at 12 wk (8–12%), P &amp;lt; 0.0001. TC fell. We observed a significant rise in LDL cholesterol in both gemfibrozil- and placebo-treated groups, with no significant differences between these groups. Changes in HbA1c were similar in gemfibrozil and placebo groups. No differences were observed in responses in groups treated with insulin and or oral hypoglycemic drugs. Overall AEs that were clinically important occurred in 6.1% in the gemfibrozil group vs. 2.0% in the placebo group (NS). Conclusions– We conclude that gemfibrozil is an effective and safe agent in combating the dyslipidemia of NIDDM, irrespective of type of diabetic therapy.