tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;The Comtesse d’Egmont Pignatelli in Spanish Costume&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brain SPECT Imaging in a Patient With Epilepsy and Memory Dysfunction
Authors: TOMO TERADA, HIROSHI MATSUDA, TEIICHI ONUMA, SHIRO ISHIDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Brain SPECT of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using Tc-99m-HMPAO was performed in an epileptic 49-year-old man who had prolonged amnesic dysfunction. Despite antiepileptic drugs, he suffered from frequent complex partial seizures, arising in the temporal lobe. SPECT imaging showed overall decreased rCBF more prominently in the cerebral cortex than in the subcortical nuclei. Right temporal pole cortex showed the most reduction of rCBF. After clinical improvement, a follow-up SPECT examination showed marked overall increase of rCBF especially in the cerebral cortex. Memory disturbance of this case may be associated with the overall cerebral hypoperfusion, which can be attributed to the frequent CPSs. It could also be attributed to the adverse effect of AEDs.
Fainting in Blood Donors
Authors: Harry A. Nevel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Prediction of Fainting in Blood Donors" from the April issue of<i>Circulation,</i>abstracted in The References and Reviews section ofThe Journal(<b>176:</b>179 [April 8] 1961), it appears that the prediction of fainting in blood donors is still a problem. Fainting after loss of blood stems from failure of the subject's homeostatic mechanism. This can easily be predicted at the time of the routine physical examination by observing the blood pressure when the subject is sitting and standing. If the homeostatic mechanism is adequate, there will be a slight rise in the systolic blood pressure on standing from the sitting position. A fall in the blood pressure, no matter how small the drop, will indicate a failure in the mechanism. The greater the drop, the more severe will be the reaction when the blood is drawn. Usually, when the drop in blood pressure becomes as
End of life care in ethnic minorities
Authors: M. R D Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Providers need to overcome their fear of dealing with people from different backgrounds

A clear measure of the quality of a society—as Gandhi is claimed to have said—is the way it treats people approaching the end of their life. In today’s society there is evidence that members of ethnic minority groups and minority faiths are rarely afforded the comfort of specialised palliative care.1 This is particularly ironic because one of the most famous images of hospice work is that of the Albanian nun and Indian citizen, Mother Theresa, at work in the slums of Calcutta.

Health professionals who refer patients to palliative care often think that hospices are Christian places where Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus would not feel at home and that palliative carers are not “culturally competent.”2 This is a misperception because most palliative care staff are keen and able to meet the needs of everyone in our multicultural society. Nevertheless, problems remain, and education or support is needed for both service providers and communities.

In the …
Teaching and credentialing in France
Authors: M. Barthet, M. Gasmi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Scientific publications in the field of endoscopic ultrasonography are raising up since the last 20 years . In a recent paper, the number of articles devoted to EUS between the earliest 1980 and 2002 reached 1259 papers published in 65 journals [1]. The peak of the rate of publications per years seems to be reached in 1998. Out of the 1259 articles, 198 (15.7 %) were related to diseases of the biliary tract or the pancreas, either benign or malignant. In the same period, the number for indications of EUS investigations grew dramatically. In France, 48 039 EUS were performed in 1999 [2]. In USA, some authors have recently suggested that the currently available EUS resources are not sufficient to meet the hypothetical demand [2]. Therefore, the authors concluded that Endoscopy units able to perform EUS and programm trainings have to be increased [3]. The number of EUS seems to be still growing up in endoscopy unit recently equipped with EUS [4].
Epithelial-fibroblast interactions in bleomycin-induced lung injury and repair.
Authors: L Young, I Y Adamson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Intercellular communication between epithelial cells and fibroblasts of the alveolar wall contributes to regulatory control of each cell type. We examined whether lung injury and subsequent fibrosis are associated with disturbance of this mutual control system. Rats received bleomycin intratracheally, and after 10 days, when acute epithelial injury occurs, and at 6 weeks, when repair with fibrosis is found, pure populations of type 2 epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts were prepared to study interactions with respect to growth control. Epithelial cells were cultured alone, on a permeable filter over fibroblasts, and in co-culture with fibroblasts. The results showed that the low growth rate of normal epithelial cells increased when cells were exposed to fibroblast supernatants. This effect was also seen using cells from the 10-day bleomycin group, but it was diminished in the group treated for 6 weeks. However, epithelial cells from exposed or control rats did not show increased DNA synthesis when grown in contact with fibroblasts in co-culture. In contrast, fibroblast growth was inhibited when exposed to epithelial cell secretions in control cultures and when using cells from the 10-day bleomycin group. No inhibition of fibroblast growth by epithelial cells was found using cells from the fibrotic lungs. These results suggest that after lung injury by bleomycin, a fibroblast-secreted factor promotes epithelial growth; however, during repair, regenerating epithelial cells lose the ability to inhibit fibro-blast proliferation. These local changes in cellular control at the alveolar wall may be sufficient to produce pulmonary fibrosis.
Teach the Public that Medical Practice Is More Than Drug-Giving.
Authors: W. H. Graves
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Dodge City, Kan., April 23, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you permit a suggestion with regard to the fight against the nostrum industry? Much good has been done by Mr. Bok and Mr. Adams by their exposure of the conscienceless exploitation, by nostrum vendors, of human suffering. It is to be hoped that much reformation has been accomplished in medical ranks by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry and by medical writers on nostrums and the sins of physicians in prescribing nostrums. But in my opinion the keynote to success in the antinostrum fight has not been sounded. So long as we cling to the habit of prescribing something, whether the patient needs any drug or not, for the sake of holding his business, so long are we encouraging the delusion that the real value of the physician lies in the drugs that he gives, regardless of the fact that
Premature babies are more likely to survive if treated in high volume neonatal centres, survey finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Premature babies born in England are more likely to survive if they are treated in specialist units with a large throughput of neonates, an analysis of national data has found.1 This finding should help inform how to organise neonatal services, the researchers noted.

Previous research has shown that centralising neonatal services and closing smaller units can reduce mortality. But after a review in 2003 the government in England reconfigured services into managed clinical networks. These offer …
The natural history of regional dysfunction in a canine preparation of chronic infarction.
Authors: E F Gibbons, R D Hogan, T D Franklin, M Nolting, A E Weyman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We used a canine preparation of experimental infarction to study the natural course of echocardiographically defined regional wall motion abnormalities in the 6 weeks after acute coronary ligation. Eight dogs underwent serial short-axis echocardiographic evaluation and microsphere blood flow determinations at control, and 30 min, 48 hr, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after acute coronary artery ligation. Wall motion analysis and blood flow calculations were applied to 10 degree radial segments of the left ventricle (short axis) and correlated to the size and extent of infarction as defined histologically at 6 weeks. All animals had at least 50% transmural histologic infarction. The ratio of flow in infarcted tissue vs noninfarcted myocardium fell to 0.40 +/- 0.13 for endocardium and 0.56 +/- 0.13 for epicardium at 30 min after ligation, but recovered to 0.83 +/- 0.15 for endocardium and 1.12 +/- 0.11 for epicardium by 6 weeks. The maximum circumferential extent of abnormal regional wall motion was observed at 48 hr after infarction (mean circumferential extent = 51%), but was resolved to a significant extent by 6 weeks (circumferential extent = 21%, p less than .001). Four animals had virtually normal wall motion by 6 weeks after infarction. Segment-by-segment regional dysfunction correlated highly with the regional transmural reduction in blood flow of 20% )r = .89, p = .0001) for the experiment as a whole, but the echocardiogram tended to underestimate the size of the histologic infarct at 6 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pesticide use in agriculture.
Authors: R L Ridgway, J C Tinney, J T MacGregor, N J Starler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

During the last three decades, the use of modern organic synthetic pesticides has increased about 40-fold. Total U.S. production, for domestic and expert use, in 1976 was about 1.4 million pounds. Crops receiving the most intensive application of various pesticides were cotton for insecticides, corn for herbicides, and fruits and vegetables for fungicides. Examination of use trends of pesticides indicates that the volume in pounds of herbicides used on crops is increasing, whereas the quantities of insecticides and fungicides remain stable. New chemical classes of compounds such as the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are being introduced, but are not yet significant in terms of their share of the market. The increased usage of pesticides, together with knowledge of some of their adverse effects, has alerted the public to the need for regulation. To assist in the regulatory decision-making process, emphasis is being placed on benefit-cost analyses. Additional and improved biological inputs and methodologies are needed to provide accurate analyses.
Letter by Jones et al Regarding Article, “Elevated Remnant Cholesterol Causes Both Low-Grade Inflammation and Ischemic Heart Disease, Whereas Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Causes Ischemic Heart Disease Without Inflammation”
Authors: Steven R. Jones, Seth S. Martin, Eliot A. Brinton
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Two recent studies published by Varbo et al 1,2 report causal associations of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) with cardiovascular outcomes.The most recent report shows the effects of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) acting directly to promote ischemic heart disease and suggests a causal relationship of RLP-C with low-grade systemic inflammation.We applaud the authors for these contributions supporting the importance and causal role of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins in atherogenesis and subsequent atherothrombotic risk.However, we believe that it is important to clarify that the measure of RLP-C used in these studies does not conform to the generally accepted definition, which is the cholesterol carried in dense subfractions of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein.These subfractions include incompletely metabolized lipoprotein moieties intermediate between larger hepatically secreted VLDL and mature, more delipidated LDL.These are the principal lipoproteins that are in excess in Fredrickson-Levy type III dyslipidemia. 3 In these articles, 1,2 RLP-C was generally defined as the difference between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C as estimated by the Friedewald relationship, 4 unless TG was elevated, in which case direct measures of LDL-C were used in lieu of the Friedewald estimate.The Friedewald estimate of LDL-C results from an estimate of VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) as TG/5 subtracted from non-HDL-C.Thus, the definition of RLP-C used as the basis of these studies is as follows:Non-HDL-C LDL-C= non-HDL-C non-HDL-C VLDL-C
Transforming Insurance Coverage Into Quality Health Care
Authors: John M. Eisenberg, Elaine J. Power
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Although the US health care system is often touted as one of the best in the world, disparities exist in quality of care received by different populations, in different regions, and across different institutions and clinicians. Initiatives to provide access to health insurance have been a major policy tool to ensure that Americans receive high-quality health care. However, availability of insurance coverage does not automatically lead to high-quality care. This article explores points of vulnerability in the US health care system at which the potential to achieve high-quality care can be lost: (1) access to insurance coverage; (2) enrollment in available insurance plans; (3) access to covered services, clinicians, and health care institutions; (4) choice of plans, clinicians, and health care institutions; (5) access to a consistent source of primary care; (6) access to referral services; and (7) delivery of high-quality health care services. Ensuring high-quality health care requires that each of these "voltage drops" be recognized and addressed. JAMA. 2000;284:2100-2107.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS AND AORTIC VALVE CALCIFICATION: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Sammy Elmariah, Kevin D. O’Brien, Matthew J. Budoff, David A. Bluemke, Joseph A. Delaney, Valentin Fuster, Richard A. Kronmal, Jonathan L. Halperin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Pelvic Anatomic Localization Using Ureteral Activity on FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Eugene C. Lin, Justin Siegal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 37-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had a F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scan which showed 2 foci of pelvic uptake initially thought to represent iliac nodes. However, a computed tomography scan demonstrated no pelvic nodes in the regions of uptake. Using excreted ureteral FDG activity as a landmark, the foci of uptake were identified as intraperitoneal and localized to the ovaries. Although ureteral activity is often a confounding factor during PET image interpretation, it can be used to demarcate intraperitoneal (eg, ovary) from extraperitoneal (eg, iliac node) pelvic structures to arrive at the correct interpretation.
1061. An Ecdysone Receptor-Based Gene Switch for Precisely and Variably Regulated Expression of Genes in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Anand K. Katakam, Chris L. Herold, Prasanna Kumar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Different versions of an ecdysone receptor (EcR)-based gene switch that can be regulated by synthetic non-steroid ligands have been developed and reported previously. The most active ligands that are used for regulating these switch systems are the diacylhydrazine class of compounds that exhibit very favorable toxicological properties in the mammalian cells. The gene switch is designed in a two-hybrid format and consists of two nuclear receptors that heterodimerize to form the transcriptional activator. The receptor that binds the activating ligand is the DEF domain of EcR that is fused to a DNA binding domain (DBD) such as Gal4 (1|[ndash]|147 a.a.). The heterodimerizing partner is the EF domain of a chimeric RXR that is fused to a transcriptional activation domain such as VP16. Ligand binding to the EcR enhances its interaction with its RXR partner and activates transcription from a responsive promoter that contains the binding sites for the DBD-EcR(DEF). The gene of interest that is inserted downstream of the responsive promoter can be regulated in a dose-dependent manner by the ligand. A repertoire of inducible promoters have been incorporated into different versions of the switch. Data will be presented in which the gene switch provides very tight but moderate expression levels for genes that require stringent regulation. At the other end of this spectrum are the inducible promoters allowing slightly leaky but very high expression levels for applications where the absolute expression levels are more important.

The switch system was originally designed as a three-vector system in which the two receptor components and the inducible expression elements were on three separate vectors. Presently, the gene switch has been assembled into a single vector system that accommodates all the three components of the switch as a single all-in-one cassette. In the initial all-in-one vector, the two receptor components were expressed from two different constitutive promoters. In the later versions, the receptors are expressed from a single constitutive promoter as a dicistronic message with an IRES sequence in the middle. Modifications in the switch design resulted in an all-in-one cassette that is small enough to be accommodated into viral vectors.
Fatal ischaemic brain oedema after tissue plasminogen activator: Authors' reply
Authors: P. J Koudstaal, J. Stibbe, M. Vermeulen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Drs Orton and Gruzelier argue that "laboratory evidence of the adverse effects of night duty may nevertheless underestimate their implications for the ward environment."For a variety of reasons relating to the specific nature of a doctor's workfor example, increased arousal resulting from interest, motivation, positive feedback, noise, opportunities for moving around-the contrary might equally be argued: that laboratory evidence may well overestimate the effects.We simply do not know.From our own experience of attempting to develop more appropriate tests we suggest that further research will require considerably more than simply selecting a few "off the peg" psycho- logical tests which have been developed for purposes other than those that concern us here.
Prognosis in medically-treated coronary artery disease: influence of ejection fraction compared to other parameters.
Authors: G R Nelson, P F Cohn, R Gorlin
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The prognostic value of the left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) was compared to that of other commonly used indices--severity of coronary artery disease, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, and abnormal ECG--in 144 patients with coronary artery disease followed for an average of 14 months on medical management. During this period, 14 patients (10%) died. Analysis of the mortality demonstrated that the EF was the most powerful predictor of short-term survival. Thus, patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease and anormal EF (greater than 0.50) had a significantly lower mortality (12%) than did patients with three-vessel CAD and a reduced EF (33%, P less than 0.001). Similar comparisons were observed within the subgroups with abnormal hemodynamics or an abnormal ECG. Therefore, the EF appears to be an important prognostic guide in the medical therapy of coronary artery disease, and is of significantly more discriminant value than other measurements when combined abnormalities exist.
Pharmacists not petulant
Authors: P. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1985)

function are noted and the T lymphocyte in particular plays a central part in the genesis of the sarcoid granuloma.Secondly, there are both similarities and differences between Crohn's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and sarcoidosis.3Might there not therefore be a link between these conditions explained by the ingestion of a potentially toxic substance such as one or more lectins ?While many have thought that sarcoidosis was due to an inhaled agent due to the very high incidence of intrathoracic lesions, this does not invariably precede the appearance of lesions elsewhere,> and I suggest that the absorption of an orally administered substance could be responsible in part.If the immune response were to localise at the level of the intestine this might produce ileitis, if at the liver then hepatic granulomatous disease might ensue, and if, in the manner of a steeplechase, this last barrier were hurdled the multi- system granulomas might ensue.Perhaps a study of lectins in human granulomatous disorders would be of interest.
ADP and platelets: the end of the beginning
Authors: Donna Woulfe, Jing Yang, Lawrence Brass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Along with thrombin and collagen, ADP has long been recognized for its contribution to the propagation of platelet activation at sites of vascular injury. However, recent studies have brought a new appreciation of the extent of that contribution and identified the two G protein–coupled receptors that appear to be largely responsible for platelet responses to ADP: P2Y1, which activates phospholipase C (1), and P2Y12, which suppresses cAMP formation so that activation can occur (Figure ​(Figure1)1) (2, 3). P2Y12 (also known as P2T, P2Yac, and SP1999) was identified last year by two teams of investigators using distinctly different strategies (2, 3). Now, in this issue of the JCI, Carolyn Foster and her colleagues at Schering-Plough Research Institute describe the consequences of deleting the gene encoding P2Y12 in mice (4). Their results help to validate parts of the current model for platelet activation by ADP. They also bring to a conclusion a phase of research in which platelet responses to ADP were initially characterized, the contribution of heterotrimeric G proteins was recognized, and the existence of more than one class of ADP receptor was established. Given the growing use of antiplatelet agents that target P2Y12 in patients with cardiovascular disease, this is a good opportunity to review the role of ADP in platelet activation and consider some of the questions that have yet to be answered.



Figure 1

ADP and platelet activation. Platelet activation by potent agonists such as thrombin or collagen causes the release of secondary agonists such as thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and the secretion of ADP from platelet dense granules. Platelet responses to ADP require ...