tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Molecular Markers for the Staging and Prognosis of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Aditya Bagrodia, Ramy F. Youssef, Payal Kapur, Oussama M. Darwish, Chase Cannon, Michael J. Belsante, Deniz Gerecci, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Yair Lotan, Vitaly Margulis
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Association of CTNNB1 (β-Catenin) Alterations, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity With Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Teppei Morikawa
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Alterations of the WNT signaling pathway and cadherin-associated protein β 1 (CTNNB1 or β-catenin) have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis and metabolic diseases.To test the hypothesis that CTNNB1 activation in colorectal cancer modifies prognostic associations of body mass index (BMI) and level of postdiagnosis physical activity.Two US prospective cohort studies (Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study) were used to evaluate CTNNB1 localization by immunohistochemistry in 955 patients with stage I, II, III, or IV colon and rectal cancer from 1980 through 2004. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality, adjusting for clinical and tumor features, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, level of long interspersed nucleotide element 1 methylation, mutations in KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA, and tumor protein p53.Colorectal cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality through June 30, 2009.In obese patients (BMI ≥30), positive status for nuclear CTNNB1 was associated with significantly better colorectal cancer-specific survival (adjusted HR, 0.24 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.12-0.49], P <.001 for interaction; 5-year survival: 0.85 for patients with positive nuclear CTNNB1 status vs 0.78 for those with negative status) and overall survival (adjusted HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.35-0.90], P = .03 for interaction; 5-year survival: 0.77 for patients with positive nuclear CTNNB1 status vs 0.74 for those with negative status), while CTNNB1 status was not associated with prognosis among nonobese patients (BMI <30). Among patients with negative status for nuclear CTNNB1 and cancer in stages I, II, or III, postdiagnosis physical activity was associated with better colorectal cancer-specific survival (adjusted HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.13-0.81], P = .05 for interaction; 5-year survival: 0.97 for ≥18 vs 0.89 for <18 metabolic equivalent task hours/week), while postdiagnosis physical activity was not associated with colorectal cancer-specific survival among patients with positive status for nuclear CTNNB1 (adjusted HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.50-2.30]).Among obese patients only, activation of CTNNB1 was associated with better colorectal cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Postdiagnosis physical activity was associated with better colorectal cancer-specific survival only among patients with negative status for nuclear CTNNB1. These molecular pathological epidemiology findings suggest that the effects of alterations in the WNT-CTNNB1 pathway on outcome are modified by BMI and physical activity.
The Pursuit of the Occult Cancer of the Breast
Authors: Robert S. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The relationship of diagnostic radiology to pathology is usually one of dependence because radiologists must use the firmest foundation possible upon which to base their efforts. In a small but highly significant number of breast cancers, it was the radiologist who directed the pathologist to the correct diagnosis through the medium of mammography. How has this situation developed? How is it efficiently managed? Two of 25 representative case reports state the problems and suggest answers. <h3>Case 1:—</h3> The patient had had two previous routine mammograms, one in 1964 and another in 1966, each reported as showing no disease. In 1967, on the third examination, a group of calcifications suggesting cancer were detected in the upper outer quadrant of one breast near the nipple. No gross abnormality was seen or felt by the surgeon or the pathologist in the quadrant excision. This was first roentgenographed and then studied
Abstract 904: The TNIK kinase is a potential target in non-small cell lung and gastric cancer
Authors: Derek Dehua Yu, Xiuhua Zhang, Christina Wang, Eva Hu, Harvey Dong, Mike Zhu, Ziliang Qian, Zeren Gao, Zeren Gao, Joan Fan, Xinying Su, Jessie Xu, Li Zheng, Lucy Yin, Qunsheng Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is one of germinal centre kinase (GCK) family members involved in cytoskeleton organization and neuronal dendrite extension. Emerging evidence indicated that TNIK is essential in activation of WNT pathway and colon cancer growth. To search for novel genetic aberrations that drive carcinogenesis, we performed microarray-based comparative hybridization (aGCH) to screen gene copy number variations in primary tumor samples and found TNIK gene is amplified in 19.2 % (29/151) of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer and 7 % (8/106) of Chinese gastric cancer patients. Interestingly, the amplification in NSCLC is highly enriched in squamous NSCLC patients (41.1%, 28/68). Theses amplifications were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. To further understand the function of TNIK gene amplification, PAMC82 human gastric cancer and T47D colon cancer cell lines with TNIK amplification were identified. RNA-interference-mediated silencing of TNIK resulted in significantly reduced cell growth and increased cell death in the TNIK amplified, but not in the non-amplified, tested cell lines. Together, our results suggest that TNIK is a novel therapeutic target in NSCLC and gastric cancer and TNIK amplification can be potentially used for patient selection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 904. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-904
Furosemide Compared With Hydrochlorothiazide-Reply
Authors: Matthew A. Araoye
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In Reply.—  Dettelbach and Bennett claim that we made categorical and  statements concerning the superiority of hydrochlorothiazide as an antihypertensive agent. The actual statements in the abstract were as follows: Both hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide significantly reduced BP during three months of therapy. However, the fall in BP was consistently greater with hydrochlorothiazide than with furosemide, although the difference was significant only with respect to systolic BP. We do not consider these statements to be either sweeping or categorical.  We also did not downplay the difference in serum potassium levels. The lesser fall in serum potassium level with furosemide was called attention to in both the Results and Comment sections. However, in explanation we referred to Degnbol et al, 1 who found a linear relationship between dosage, BP fall, and reduction in serum potassium levels with various diuretics. Since these variables are interrelated, the diuretic with the greater antihypertensive effectiveness
Replacing and relocating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube without esophagogastroscopy
Authors: L. Lujber
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) [1] is widely used for the enteral nutrition of patients with head and neck cancer. While very safe and well tolerated, it is not without its complications. Long-term use of PEG can lead to complications requiring replacement of the gastrostomy tube and relocation of the feeding tube to a new site [2] [3]. Replacing the feeding tube is an easy, straightforward procedure if done shortly after the removal of the old one, while relocating it to a new site requires repeat esophagogastroscopy. However, standard peroral or transnasal introduction of the esophagogastroscope is not always possible in patients with head and neck cancers. Narrowness of the pharyngeal space in consequence of major head and neck surgery and radiotherapy can impede peroral feeding, which makes the patient dependent on feeding by gastrostomy tube for life. Replacing and relocating the gastrostomy tube for such patients to a new site in the case of any complication cannot be done endoscopically in the usual way. The technique illustrated in [Figure 1] and [2] allows endoscopically controlled replacement and relocation of the PEG feeding tube without the performance of a traditional peroral esophagogastroscopy.
Allergy to Propionates
Authors: S. C. Werch
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Contrary to recently published opinion (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:1061 [June 29] 1963), allergy to propionates occurs. Diagnosis can be made by means of elimination regimens or by direct testing. Awareness is a prerequisite. Years passed before I became aware of the possibility of such an allergy. Difficulty usually begins with upper gastrointestinal phenomena, after a latent period of approximately 4 to 18 hours, and culminates in partial or total migraine. Gastrointestinal symptoms are not unlike those characterizing gallbladder pathological conditions or upper small bowel ileus. Scotoma always introduces total migraine, but, not infrequently, pain and tenderness in one eyeball or hemicrania (pain and tenderness along an ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve) alone may be experienced. Symptoms are worse when gallbladder pathology is present and lessen after cholecystectomy. The reaction, nevertheless, occurs in the absence of detectable gastrointestinal pathology. In the allergic patient it follows ingestion of a
Vasodilatory behavior of skeletal muscle arterioles in patients with nonedematous chronic heart failure.
Authors: J R Wilson, D H Wiener, L I Fink, N Ferraro
Journal: Circulation (1986)

During maximal upright exercise, blood flow to working skeletal muscle is frequently reduced in patients with nonedematous chronic heart failure. It has been speculated that this reduced muscle flow may be caused in part by an intrinsic impairment of skeletal muscle vasodilatory capacity. To test this hypothesis, forearm blood flow and resistance were compared during forearm exercise and in response to transient forearm ischemia (10 min) in 22 patients with heart failure and in 11 normal subjects. During forearm exercise, both groups exhibited comparable forearm blood flows (ml/min/100 ml) (0.2 W: normal 5.9 +/- 3.1, heart failure 6.5 +/- 2.8; 0.4 W: normal 8.2 +/- 5.5, heart failure 8.2 +/- 3.6; 0.6 W: normal 11.5 +/- 6.8, heart failure 11.8 +/- 4.8 [all p = NS]) and forearm vascular resistance (mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml) (0.2 W: normal 23.1 +/- 12.4, heart failure 18.5 +/- 7.8; 0.4 W: normal 16.9 +/- 7.7, heart failure 14.7 +/- 6.4; 0.6 W: normal 13.1 +/- 7.7, heart failure 10.3 +/- 4.1 [all p = NS]). Ten minutes of forearm ischemia, an intervention that produces maximal forearm vasodilation, also resulted in comparable forearm vascular resistances in both groups (normal 4.1 +/- 2.4, heart failure 3.8 +/- 1.3 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml/p = NS). These data suggest that skeletal muscle vasodilatory capacity is not intrinsically impaired in patients with nonedematous chronic heart failure.
Expression of the oncofetal ED-B–containing fibronectin isoform in hematologic tumors enables ED-B–targeted 131I-L19SIP radioimmunotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Stefanie Sauer, Paola A. Erba, Mario Petrini, Andreas Menrad, Leonardo Giovannoni, Chiara Grana, Burkhard Hirsch, Luciano Zardi, Giovanni Paganelli, Giuliano Mariani, Dario Neri, Horst Dürkop, Hans D. Menssen
Journal: Blood (2009)
Malignant cerebral glioma--I: Survival, disability, and morbidity after radiotherapy
Authors: E. Davies, C. Clarke, A. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To describe survival, disability, and morbidity after radiotherapy for malignant glioma. <b>Design</b>: Two year prospective study with home interviews with patients and relatives. <b>Setting</b>: Seven neurosurgical and radiotherapy centres in London. <b>Subjects</b>: 105 patients aged 21 to 75: 59 had biopsy; 46 had partial macroscopic resection; 92 received radiotherapy; and 13 received steroids alone. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Survival, time free from disability, and changes in disability after treatment. <b>Results</b>: Six and 12 month survival for radiotherapy patients was 70% and 39%, respectively. Age, World Health Organisation clinical performance status, extent of surgery, and history of seizures before diagnosis each influenced survival. The Medical Research Council prognostic index was also significantly related to survival. Multivariate analysis showed that initial clinical performance status was the most important component of the index. Most (80%; 49/61) patients with a clinical performance status of 0, 1, or 2 lived at least six months before becoming permanently disabled. Most patients who had initially had a good clinical performance status (0–2) and who were alive six months after radiotherapy (68%; 36/52), however, had experienced either clinical deterioration or severe tiredness after treatment. In 17% (9/52) of these some permanent loss of function remained. These adverse effects were associated with increasing radiotherapy dose. Severely disabled patients (clinical performance status 3 or 4) gained little benefit. <b>Conclusion</b>: Severely disabled patients gain little physical benefit from radiotherapy, whereas those not so disabled may experience considerable adverse effects. <h3>Key messages</h3> Activity of daily living checklists are useful in deciding on patients9 initial per- formance status and in monitoring their progress As many as one quarter of non-disabled patients may experience clinical dete- rioration and a further 42% experience considerable tiredness after radiotherapy Techniques that spare normal brain from radiation should be considered
Regional control of venous return: liver blood flow.
Authors: N Brienza, T Ayuse, C P O'Donnell, S Permutt, J L Robotham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The aim of the study was to determine whether closing pressures or vascular distensibility can be used to describe liver venous hemodynamics when right atrial pressure is raised. The study was performed using a vascularly isolated pig liver preparation that allowed the independent control of portal vein and hepatic artery inflows and of outflow pressure (Pout). Pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships of both liver vessels were generated at multiple levels of Pout. At Pout of 0 mm Hg, the portal vein P-Q relationship was linear, with a convexity toward the pressure axis at low flows (5 to 10 ml/min/kg). The zero flow pressure was 1.5 +/- 0.2 mm Hg, greater than Pout (p < 0.05). On raising Pout from 0 to 15 mm Hg, the shape of the portal vein P-Q relationships became progressively more linear, with a decrease in slope; no difference between zero flow pressure and Pout was observed. At Pout of 0 mm Hg, the hepatic artery presented a zero flow pressure > Pout. Raising Pout from 0 to 15 and 30 mm Hg resulted in a zero flow pressure always > Pout (p < 0.05). The behavior of the liver vein system is characterized by a zero flow pressure mimicking a classic vascular waterfall and by distensibility, once the waterfall is exceeded. Both factors act to minimize the reduction in venous return with an increased central venous pressure. Flow through the hepatic artery is affected by an increase in backpressure occurring upstream from the sinusoids, reducing arterial inflow for a constant perfusion pressure.
What the Health-Care Consumer Should Know About Chiropractic
Authors: Richard S. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The public spotlight these days is on the American consumer. Government and private groups are acting on many fronts to keep the consumer from being bilked out of his money. Of even greater concern, we think, is safeguarding the consumer's health. He must be adequately informed about and protected from unscientific cults such as chiropractic that can endanger his health, or threaten his life— by delaying proper medical care. We believe all of you know what the medical profession thinks of chiropractic: that chiropractic is an unscientific cult whose practitioners lack the necessary education and training to diagnose and treat human diseases and illnesses. And I assume all of you know that this opinion is shared by the rest of the nation's scientific community. We are here to discuss not what the scientific community thinks of chiropractic, although that always has been and is of vital importance in protecting the
Severe dilated cardiomyopathy and quadriceps myopathy due to lamin A/C gene mutation: A phenotypic study
Authors: Jean‐Christophe Charniot, Michel Desnos, Khaled Zerhouni, Dominique Bonnefont‐Rousselot, Jean‐Paul Albertini, Jeffrey Zaketto Salama, Guillaume Bassez, Michel Komajda, Jean‐Yves Artigou
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Lowering of Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride by Para-Aminosalicylic Acid in Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: PHILIP J. BARTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-C®) was assessed as a hypolipidemic agent in 29 outpatients in 3 different studies. All patients had type II-a or II-b hyperlipoproteinemia. Six to eight grams of PAS-C® per day were given in four divided doses. Blood samples were collected at 2-week intervals during active and placebo periods. The first study involved 14 patients in a 12-week, double-blind crossover study. The mean serum cholesterol concentration was significantly lower with PAS-C® (310 ± 90 mg/100 ml) than with the placebo (367 ± 109 mg/100 ml) (P < 0.001). The mean serum triglyceride level likewise decreased, from 153 to 122 mg/100 ml (P < 0.01). Another 15 patients, studied in a 12-week, single-blind crossover study, had a similar lower serum cholesterol level with PAS-C® (296 ± 91 mg/100 ml with PAS-C® versus 365 ± 126 mg/100 ml with placebo, P < 0.001). Triglyceride levels also were reduced (139 to 108 mg/100 ml, P < 0.005). In the third study patients were given PAS-C® for 6 to 12 months, and similar results were noted. There were no decreases in effectiveness with time. This drug was effective and well tolerated.
For some of nation's young athletes, training may be too much of a good thing
Authors: V. S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHILE MANY, if not most, Americans fail to exercise enough, a young subgroup of the population is overdoing it. As elite sports programs for child athletes multiply, sports medicine physicians say some youngsters simply take on more than their bodies can handle. Additional problems arise because of inadequate training or safety precautions or because of unrecognized preexisting medical conditions. Lyle J. Micheli, MD, president of the American College of Sports Medicine, has a special interest in the child athlete. "We actually have a double problem," he says. "On the one hand, there are children who don't exercise enough to be healthy. Then there is a smaller group of children who get too much exercise." Micheli is director, Division of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Mass. He says injuries are being reported in children that were not seen in the past, occurring now mostly because of overexercising. <h3>Some Cases</h3>
Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to psychological stress in patients with psoriasis
Authors: H.L. Richards, D.W. Ray, B. Kirby, D. Mason, D. Plant, C.J. Main, D.G. Fortune, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psoriasis may, in some patients, be triggered and/or exacerbated by stress.As activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is critical to a successful stress response we investigated this in patients with psoriasis.Forty patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 40 age-matched normal controls experienced three randomly presented acute psychological stressors (cognitive, emotional and social). Serial serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure assessments were undertaken at baseline and following each of the stressors. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at 09.00 h on the day of testing.In control subjects there was a significant (r = 0.38; P < 0.05) correlation between pulse rate and serum cortisol level following the social performance stressor; this was not evident in the psoriasis group (r = 0.07; not significant). Patients who believed that their psoriasis was highly stress responsive had significantly lower salivary cortisol levels at baseline (P < 0.01) and lower serum cortisol levels following the social performance stressor (P = 0.016) than patients with nonstress-responsive disease who believed that stress had no impact. In contrast, there was no difference between the groups for change in pulse rate poststressor.This study shows that patients with psoriasis, and in particular those whose disease appears to be stress responsive, exhibit an altered HPA response to acute social stress. The implication is that such patients may perhaps be primed to flares of their psoriasis. Whether this is genetically predetermined and/or a consequence of the distress of living with psoriasis remains to be determined.
SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA FOLLOWING TONSILLECTOMY
Authors: Charles Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Subcutaneous emphysema following tonsillectomy is a rare complication, whose mechanism is ill understood at present. In looking through the literature I found the cases that were reported gave no definite suggestion as to what the causes of the emphysema were. My case was that of a woman, aged 35, who had her tonsils removed by dissection and snare. General anesthesia was used with suction spray apparatus. The patient went under the anesthesia without difficulty; there was no coughing on going under or coming out. There was little bleeding and no difficulty in removing the tonsils. Ten minutes after the operation, a marked swelling was noticed on the eyelids, face and neck of the right side and also the neck of the left side. On feeling this swelling, I noted a distinct egg-shell crackling. After the patient had come out of the anesthesia she called my attention to the fact that