tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective Vulnerability of the Brain in Hypoxaemia: A Symposium Organized by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Established Under the Joint Auspices of UNESCO &amp; WHO
Authors: John Stirling Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

While this small, well-edited book was designed to be the proceedings of a symposium held in Switzerland in August, 1961, the editors date their foreword November, 1962, and many of the references cited were published in 1962. Part of the volume was written after the symposium was held. The distinguished participants consisted predominantly of neuropathologists and experimental pathologists, but physiologists and neurochemists were also represented. The chapter by Max Schneider on critical blood pressure in the cerebral circulation and J. P. Schadé's chapter on functional correlation of ionic movements in the cerebral cortex are outstanding. Schneider derives a critical level for neuronal hypoxia which is based on cerebral venous PO<sub>2</sub>measurement in animals and calculated from certain theoretical considerations of brain tissue perfusion. Using histochemical techniques Schadé produces evidence of sodium influx and potassium efflux to apical dendrites in hypoxia. These correlated well with steady potential and electrical impedance
Limiting the drugs list. Behavioural treatment not drugs for chronic pain.
Authors: C E Pither, J Ralphs
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The problem with a policy of postponing operation for appendicitis is that the operation may have to be postponed for longer than the 6-18 hours reported by Rajendra Surana and colleagues.The authors make the point that it is the policy in their hospital to operate on postponed cases the following morning.This is simply not possible in many hospitals.Available operating theatres are used for scheduled operating sessions.If a theatre is not being used during the day, nursing staff will usually not be on duty.If both theatre and nursing staff are available, then surgical staff are often in outpatient clinics or engaged in other duties.It is sometimes possible to fit in a case at lunch time by missing a meal or a lunch time meeting.In my experience, most cases that could be postponed would not be operated on until the end of scheduled operating sessions for the day after admission.Until fully staffed emergency theatres are available during daytime working hours, junior doctors have no choice but to operate at all hours of the night.In the present financial climate it seems unlikely that it will be possible to provide the necessary facilities.Junior medical staff will continue to suffer from sleep deprivation, since it is cheaper to keep a doctor awake than to provide daytime facilities that may not be used cost effectively because they would not be used continuously.
Psychological Deficits With Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: Charlyne Townsend Herbert, Herbert J. Movius
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DURING THE last decade there has been increasing interest among professional circles in cardiac surgery. A frequently used procedure has been mitral commissurotomy to open the calcified mitral valve leading to the heart.<sup>1,2</sup>There have been speculations but few objective studies on psychological sequelae of the disturbed cerebral circulation which occurs in this operation.<sup>3-6</sup>One study has stated that there is "something inherent in the surgery of mitral stenosis," perhaps the necessary occlusion of the mitral opening at intervals during commissurotomy that produces "depression of some of the psychometric scores" obtained in tests on such patients, indicating "postoperative central nervous system damage."<sup>5</sup>Reported here is an investigation of pre- and postoperative psychological test results of patients undergoing mitral commissurotomy. <h3>Method</h3><h3>Subjects.—</h3> Two groups of eight adult male inpatients (16 in all) were selected at random from each of the two most serious classes, III and IV, of
Analysis of Wall Motion Abnormalities of the Heart and Great Vessels by Computer Generated Cine-Radionuclide-Equilibrium Study
Authors: MICHAEL K. KAN, G BRUCE HOPKINS, ANTONE F. SALEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Cardiac wall motion was evaluated in 54 patients by ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy (GBPS) and computer assisted cine-radionuclide-equilibrium study (CRES). The cine format in CRES enhances the subtle aspects of great vessel and cardiac chamber motion and volume abnormalities. An off-line system using a general purpose computer permitted CRES to be initiated in smaller nuclear medicine facilities without large financial investiments.
Immunity to the G1 globular domain of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan can induce inflammatory erosive polyarthritis and spondylitis in BALB/c mice but immunity to G1 is inhibited by covalently bound keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: J Y Leroux, A Guerassimov, A Cartman, N Delaunay, C Webber, L C Rosenberg, S Banerjee, A R Poole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Earlier work from this laboratory showed that the human proteoglycan aggrecan from fetal cartilages can induce a CD4+ T cell-dependent inflammatory polyarthritis in BALB/c mice when injected after removal of chondroitin sulfate chains. Adult keratan sulfate (KS)-rich aggrecan does not possess this property. We found that two CD4+ T cell hybridomas (TH5 and TH14) isolated from arthritic mice recognize bovine calf aggrecan and the purified G1 domain of this molecule, which also contains a portion of the interglobular domain to which KS is bound. These hybridoma responses to G1 are enhanced by partial removal of KS by the endoglycosidase keratanase or by cyanogen bromide cleavage of core protein. KS removal results in increased cellular uptake by antigen-present cells in vitro. After removal of KS by keratanase, G1 alone can induce a severe erosive polyarthritis and spondylitis in BALB/c mice identifying it as an arthritogenic domain of aggrecan. The presence of KS prevents induction of arthritis presumably as a result of an impaired immune response as observed in vitro. These observations not only identify the arthritogenic properties of G1 but they also point to the importance of glycosylation and proteolysis in determining the arthritogenicity of aggrecan and fragments thereof.
Soluble Human LAG-3 Molecule Amplifies the<i>In vitro</i>Generation of Type 1 Tumor-Specific Immunity
Authors: Chiara Casati, Chiara Camisaschi, Francesca Rini, Flavio Arienti, Licia Rivoltini, Frédéric Triebel, Giorgio Parmiani, Chiara Castelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The adjuvant activities of the human lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) molecule have been evaluated in a human setting by investigating the ability of a soluble recombinant human LAG-3 protein (hLAG-3Ig) to enhance the in vitro induction of viral- and tumor-specific CTLs. We found that soluble human LAG-3 significantly sustained the generation and expansion of influenza matrix protein Melan-A/MART-1 and survivin-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of both cancer patients and healthy donors, showing its ability to boost CD8+ T-cell memory response or to prime naive T cells in vitro. The peptide-specific T cells generated in the presence of hLAG-3Ig were endowed with cytotoxic activity and enhanced release of type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cytokines and were able to recognize tumor cells expressing their nominal antigen. Phenotype and cytokine/chemokines produced by antigen-presenting cells (APC) of PBMCs exposed in vitro for 2 days to peptide and hLAG-3Ig indicate that the LAG-3-mediated adjuvant effect may depend on a direct activation of circulating APCs. Our data revealed the activity of hLAG-3Ig in inducing tumor-associated, antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in a human setting and strongly support the conclusion that this recombinant protein is a potential candidate adjuvant for cancer vaccines.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOANTIGENS (ALLOTYPES) IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Noel L. Warner, Leonard A. Herzenberg, Gideon Goldstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Further analysis of the isoantigens (allotypes) of 2 classes of normal mouse immunoglobulins, gammaG(2a) and gammaG(2b), has shown a minimum of 10 specificities for the Ig-1 locus (controlling gammaG(2a)-antigens) and 3 specificities for the Ig-3 locus (controlling gammaG(2b)-antigens). Three gammaG(2)-myeloma proteins of plasma cell tumors induced in (NZB x BALB/c)F(1) mice have been analyzed for the isoantigens they carry. NZB mice are genotypically Ig-1(e) Ig-3(e), while BALB/c are Ig-1(a) Ig-3(a). Two of the myeloma proteins are gammaG(2a)-globulins. One of these, GPC-7, carries all the isoantigenic specificities of the Ig-1(e) allele while the other, GPC-8, carries all the isoantigenic specificities of the Ig-1(a) allele. Thus only one of the parental alleles of the mouse in which the tumor arose is expressed in each of these myeloma proteins. The third myeloma protein GPC-5, also carries the antigens of only one parental strain (NZB). However GPC-5, a gammaG(2b)-globulin, carries only one of the Ig-3 specificities normally associated with gammaG(2b)-globulins of NZB. Most remarkably it also carries one Ig-1 specificity normally associated with gammaG(2a)-globulins of NZB. This is the first analyzed mouse myeloma shown (a) to express some but not all the antigenic specificities normally associated with an allele and (b) to carry antigenic specificities controlled by two distinct immunoglobulin loci. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the genetic control of immunoglobulins.
Regionalization of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Implications for Patient Travel Distance
Authors: Susan M. Kansagra, Lesley H. Curtis, Kevin A. Schulman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextMinimum procedure volume thresholds have been proposed to improve outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). How regionalization policies would affect patient travel distances is not known.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of regionalization of PTCA on patient travel distances.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study of discharge records, which were examined to determine hospital and operator procedure volumes, of 97 401 patients undergoing PTCA in New York, New Jersey, and Florida in 2001. Travel distances were measured at baseline and under 2 regionalization scenarios in which hospital-operator pairs not meeting minimum volume standards stopped providing services.Main Outcome MeasuresObserved and expected patient travel distances, and risk-adjusted mortality.ResultsWith a minimum volume standard of 175 per operator and 400 per hospital (class 1), 25% of patients had a shorter travel distance, 10% had a longer travel distance, and 65% experienced no change. Most patients with longer travel distances under this standard would travel no more than 25 miles farther, and most patients with shorter travel distances would save no more than 10 miles. With a minimum volume standard of 75 per operator and 400 per hospital (class 2), 11% of patients had a shorter travel distance, 2% had a longer travel distance, and 87% experienced no change. Under both standards, less than 1% of patients would travel more than 50 miles farther than their observed travel distance. Risk-adjusted mortality was higher for lower-volume hospital-operator pairs (1.2% for class 3 vs 0.9% for class 2 and 0.8% for class 1; P<.001 for both comparisons).ConclusionRegionalization of PTCA would not increase travel distance for most patients; however, potential costs of regionalization not related to travel must be examined before such policies can be recommended.
Clinical Experience with the Dalkon Shield Intrauterine Device
Authors: R. W. Jones, A. Parker, M. Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Preliminary acceptability and reliability tests of the Dalkon Shield were done in 377 women over 17 months, amounting to 3,028 months of use. There was a 98% follow-up. The pregnancy rate of 4.7 and expulsion rate of 6.3 do not meet the claims described in initial trials by the developers of the device. Nevertheless, the Dalkon Shield seems to be an advance in intrauterine contraception since it has the advantages of a lower expulsion rate than the "first generation" inert intrauterine devices.
Abstract 5381: Activation and frequency of myeloid subsets in peripheral blood is associated with clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients treated with Prostate GVAX and anti-CTLA4
Authors: Anita G.M. Stam, Saskia Santegoets, Rik Scheper, Sinéad Lougheed, Helen Gall, Karin Jooss, Natalie Sacks, Kristen Hege, Israel Lowy, Jean-Marie Cuillerot, Winald Gerritsen, Alfons van den Eertwegh, Tanja de Gruijl
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Blockade of the CTLA-4 immune checkpoint can enhance anti-tumor responses and prolong survival, but it can also lead to the development of severe and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events (IRAE). To avoid unnecessary exposure to this risk, it is essential to identify biomarkers that correlate with clinical activity and can be used to recognize and select patients that will benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. We therefore performed extensive immune monitoring in a phase I/II dose escalation/expansion trial of combined Prostate GVAX (a GM-CSF-secreting allogeneic prostate cancer vaccine) and antiCTLA-4/ipilimumab immunotherapy in patients with Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Here we report on the effects of the treatment on circulating myeloid cells and the identification of potential myeloid-related biomarkers. The GVAX/ipilimumab combination was clinically active with PSA declines of more than 50% in 5, and PSA stabilizations in 12 of 28 patients. Regressing bone and lymph node metastasis were observed in 2/5 PR patients. Flowcytometric monitoring of myeloid subsets in peripheral blood before and after Prostate GVAX/ipilimumab treatment revealed some striking differences between patients who benefited from therapy and patients who did not. Significant treatment-induced decreases of conventional and plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell subsets (cDC and pDC, respectively) were observed, which were paralleled by increased DC activation and recruitment to the vaccination sites. Treatment-induced activation of BDCA1/CD1c+ cDC and 6-sulfo LacNAc+ inflammatory DC was associated with significantly prolonged over-all survival (OS). In contrast, increased frequencies of CD11b+CD14−CD15+ granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and high pre-treatment levels of CD14+HLA-DRlo/− monocytic MDSC were associated with reduced OS. Together with similar analyses of T cell subsets, these studies have yielded an immune profile with predictive value for clinical outcome. The profile is characterized by pre- or on-treatment activation of immune effector subsets and low frequencies of regulatory/suppressive subsets. It may thus provide a potentially useful tool for patient selection and should be validated as such in other patient groups treated by antiCTLA-4 blockade. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5381. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5381
Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis and Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors: H. Oliver Williamson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While evaluating the conditions of patients seen in consultation because of menstrual irregularities, we detected previously unsuspected vaginal adenosis in several. This prompted a review of the charts of patients with biopsy-proved vaginal adenosis; 15 of these had a documented history of diethylstilbestrol exposure. Seven patients had significant menstrual abnormalities, with five having been referred for this problem. A diagnosis of vaginal adenosis was made only after physical examination and iodine-staining raised the index of suspicion. One of the seven patients had conceived, and none was at risk for pregnancy. No pattern of menstrual irregularity emerged. Two had hemorrhaged and had been treated by dilation and curettage. Two others had androgenic disorders, including hirsutism and infrequent menses; one of these had been treated elsewhere by ovarian wedge resection. One with prolonged secondary amenorrhea was classed as having a hypothalamic disorder. Another, with infrequent menses, was treated with
Stat3 confers resistance against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative injury in hepatocytes through upregulation of Mn-SOD
Authors: Keita Terui, Shin Enosawa, Sanae Haga, Hui Qi Zhang, Hiroaki Kuroda, Katsunori Kouchi, Tadashi Matsunaga, Hideo Yoshida, John F. Engelhardt, Kaikobad Irani, Naomi Ohnuma, Michitaka Ozaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
A woman with macrocytic anaemia and confusion
Authors: Alan Sugrue, Aoife Egan, Anthony O'Regan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Associations have been found between a large head size at birth and atopy, and between low birth weight and obstructive airways disease. A study was undertaken of people born around the time of the Dutch famine in 1944–5 to determine the effects of maternal malnutrition during specific periods of gestation on the prevalence of obstructive airways disease and atopy. <h3>METHODS</h3> Nine hundred and twelve people aged about 50, born at term between November 1943 and February 1947 in Amsterdam, were asked about their medical history. Lung function was measured in 733 and serum concentrations of total IgE and specific IgE against mite, pollen and cat were measured in 726. Those exposed in late, mid, and early gestation (exposed participants) were compared with those born before or conceived after the famine (non-exposed participants). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Exposure to famine during gestation affected neither the concentrations of total or specific IgE nor lung function values. The prevalence of obstructive airways disease was increased in people exposed to famine in mid gestation (odds ratio adjusted for sex 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.6) and tended to be higher in those exposed in early gestation (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.6). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The observed increase in the prevalence of obstructive airways disease in people exposed to famine in mid and early gestation was not parallelled by effects on IgE concentrations or lung function. The link between exposure to famine in mid and early gestation and obstructive airways disease in adulthood suggests that fetal lungs can be permanently affected by nutritional challenges during periods of rapid growth.
Homozygosity by descent of a 3Mb chromosome 17 haplotype causes coinheritance of Glanzmann thrombasthenia and primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Giovanna D'Andrea, Michele Schiavulli, Claudia Dimatteo, Rosa Santacroce, Egidio Guerra, Vittoria A. C. Longo, Elvira Grandone, Maurizio Margaglione
Journal: Blood (2013)
Can miracles happen?
Authors: R. Westcott
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It has happened before. No doubt it will happen again. But this was our first time. As soon as they had returned, they had to show and tell me what had happened. And here I am with the same need.

As a submarine engineer, Jim used to work among asbestos lagged pipes. It had taken time and effort to get his asbestosis recognised and the appropriate disability pension set up, but with his truculence and some determination from us both, we got there eventually. His wife, Sally, used to be an occupational health nurse.

I came to know them quite well, and not just through the asbestosis appeal. To start with, Jim found his mother in law difficult. At first, she seemed a sweet lady, but as time went on, I learnt how demanding she could be.

Meanwhile, Sally continued to suffer from the back injury that had been responsible for her early retirement. All this against the normal background of less serious illnesses, experience with other family members, and that network of …
Evidence for elevated pulse pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis: A case-control study
Authors: Masahiko Tozawa, Kunitoshi Iseki, Chiho Iseki, Saori Oshiro, Masanobu Yamazato, Yasushi Higashiuesato, Nozomi Tomiyama, Takeshi Tana, Yoshiharu Ikemiya, Shuichi Takishita
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
THE QUALITY OF COMPRESSED AIR FOR SPRAYS AND INHALATIONS.
Authors: D. LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Asepsis is now in the zenith of its usefulness and has demonstrated beyond controversy its beneficence to all unfortunates who have to experience the surgeon's dextrous touch or feel his keener blade; every newly made wound is carefully guarded against the ingress of air, of any kind, and quickly sealed against it; the surgeon, gynecologist or accoucheur goes about his work now, with a comfortable assurance that the painstaking physician must envy in conscious helplessness when he rocognizes the environment in which he must combat disease. There is an avenue however, which for the introduction of disease and death growing germs has no parallel and no excuse for its existence, other than that it is here, and no one has protested against it. The allusion made, is in regard to the<i>quality</i>of air usually used in the compressed air receivers of those who treat diseases of the nose, throat
Reply from Authors re: Christopher J. Keto, Elizabeth M. Masko, Stephen J. Freedland. Physical Activity, Obesity, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur Urol 2011;60:1181–3
Authors: J. Kellogg Parsons, Karen Messer, Martha White, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Douglas C. Bauer, Lynn M. Marshall
Journal: European Urology (2011)
'Female Athlete Triad' Risk for Women
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

YOUNG FEMALE athletes who are driven to excel in their chosen sports may be at risk of developing a potentially fatal triad of medical disorders, a panel of sports medicine experts warns. While exercise is widely viewed as beneficial to women of all ages, the pressure to succeed in sports by achieving or maintaining an unrealistically low weight through food restriction and exercise may lead some young women to develop an eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, the panel reports. These three associated disorders, now called "the female athlete triad," were the subject of a symposium and press conference at the 40th annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), held in Seattle, Wash. "Although silently observed for decades by coaches, parents, and athletes, only recently has [the triad] been described in the medical literature," says Kimberly K. Yeager, MD, MPH, Assistant Director for Public Health Practice, San Diego
Surgery: An Illustrated History
Authors: William G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This illustrated history of surgery is a surprising treat: a delightful, readable, descriptive account of surgery's evolution from the Stone Age extending well into the 20th century. The text is supported by an outstanding collection of paintings, photographs, surgical instruments, and so forth, many from museums throughout the world. There are 368 illustrations in all, 102 in full color. The unusually informative legends are, for the most part, the efforts of Jeremy Norman and could well stand alone if issued under separate cover. Although I have more than a passing interest in medical history, I confess that most of the illustrations are new to me. Dr Rutkow has recognized the societal role of medical practice and its parallel evolution with humankind's development. In a novel approach, he includes extant medical knowledge prior to the beginning of the Middle Ages in one category, treats the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and 17th, 18th,