tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT AS INFLUENCED BY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: T. M. ADERHOLD
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> In 1777 Lavoissier showed that oxygen was absorbed from air during respiration and that it united with carbon in the body, forming carbon dioxid. This discovery caused many observers to determine the amount of oxygen consumed by normal animals and the amount of carbon dioxid given off by them. They also studied the relation of one to the other. When we consider the volume of carbon dioxid exhaled divided by the volume of oxygen consumed, this relation is known as the respiratory quotient. Generally more oxygen is consumed than carbon dioxid given off. The object of these experiments was to determine the influence of tuberculosis on the respiratory quotient. A number of secondary facts have been established or confirmed, incidentally <h3>METHODS.</h3> Some of the early experimenters (Black, Priestly and LaPlace) analyzed the air of a chamber before and after an animal had been confined in it. the objection to this
GW25-e5236 Rosuvastatin Attenuates Lps-Induced Adhesion Molecules Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hao Baoshun, Liu Xuelian, Liu Yong, Yu Shujie, Liu Dinghui, Qian Xiaoxian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A multivariate approach for interpreting treadmill exercise tests in coronary artery disease.
Authors: J L Berman, J Wynne, P F Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1978)

To determine the value of a multivariate approach for the analysis of the treadmill exercise tolerance test (ETT), 237 patients referred for evaluation of chest pain who underwent a standard Bruce protocol ETT and coronary arteriography were studied. Predictive value of a positive ETT was 0.78 (43/55) using 1.0--1.9 mm ST segment depression criterion, 0.97 (59/61) using greater than or equal to 2.0 mm ST segment depression. When the 1.0--1.9 mm ST criterion was combined with peak systolic blood pressure-heart rate product (double product) less than or smaller than 23,000, exercise duration less than 6 minutes, and ST depression for greater than 3 minutes into recovery, predictive value improved to 0.89 in 18 patients with any two of the above. Predictive value for multivessel disease was also improved using non-ST criteria. Predictive value of a negative ETT for absence of coronary artery disease was 0.60 (29/48), and was 0.86 (12/14) if double product was greater than or equal to 30,000. Presence of chest pain during ETT did not improve predictive value of any type of test. Digitalis ingestion in 33 patients was not associated with decreased predictive value of a positive test. These data suggest that the predictive value of both positive and negative ETT in a symptomatic population can be improved with a multivariate approach.
NHS will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 60% by 2050, minister says
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The NHS in England is committed to reducing its emission of greenhouse gases by 60% before the year 2050, the junior health minister Ivan Lewis announced last week. The target is in line with the national carbon emissions target set by the government in the Climate Change Bill currently before Parliament.

Mr Lewis said that England’s NHS is the largest public sector contributor in Europe to climate change, generating more than 18 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, almost as much as the entire province of Northern Ireland. The largest source of emissions, accounting for 60% of the total, is the procurement of goods and …
Early Daycare Is Associated with an Increase in Airway Symptoms in Early Childhood but Is No Protection against Asthma or Atopy at 8 Years
Authors: Daan Caudri, Alet Wijga, Salome Scholtens, Marjan Kerkhof, Jorrit Gerritsen, Jopje M. Ruskamp, Bert Brunekreef, Henriette A. Smit, Johan C. de Jongste
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Daycare exposes young children to more infections early in life and may thereby prevent the development of asthma and allergy.To prospectively study the effect of daycare on the development of asthma and allergic sensitization during the first 8 years of life.In the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort 3,963 newborn children were followed prospectively for 8 years. Daycare use and respiratory health were assessed yearly by questionnaires. At 8 years, sensitization to airborne allergens and airway responsiveness were measured. Daycare was defined as early (aged 0-2 yr), late (aged 2-4 yr), or none (no daycare before age 4 yr). Associations of daycare and/or older siblings with asthma symptoms (wheezing, shortness of breath, and inhaled steroids taken in the last year), airway responsiveness, and allergic sensitization were assessed in a longitudinal repeated-event analysis.Children with early daycare had more wheezing in the first years of life, but less wheezing and steroid use between 4 and 8 years of age. At the age of 8 years, early daycare was not protective for asthma symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.32), allergic sensitization (aOR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.63-1.18), or airway hyperresponsiveness (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.57-1.14). The transient reduction in airway symptoms between age 4 and 8 years was only observed in children without older siblings.Early daycare is associated with an increase in airway symptoms until the age of 4 years, and fewer symptoms between the ages of 4 and 8 years. We found no protection against asthma symptoms, hyperresponsiveness, or allergic sensitization at the age of 8 years.
Computer scientists call for audit of NHS IT programme
Authors: Michael Cross
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Leading British computer scientists have called for an independent audit of the NHS's information technology programme to verify that the network of systems being installed in England is technically feasible and secure.

In an open letter to the parliamentary select committee on health, academic experts in computer science, engineering, and security last week urged the committee to ask for an independent technical assessment of the £6bn (€8.7bn; $10.5) programme “with all possible speed.” Signatories include former advisers to the government and to the BMA, who question the wisdom of continuing the programme without an “independent assessment of its basic technical viability.”

The letter reflects concern among computer scientists that commercial IT products are …
The Aging of Elastic and Muscular Arteries
Authors: James D. Cameron, Christopher J. Bulpitt, Elisabete S. Pinto, Chakravarthi Rajkumar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To compare age-related changes in the mechanical properties of different arterial segments in normal volunteers and subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 169 subjects (diabetic n = 57 and nondiabetic n = 112), we assessed the mechanical properties of three arterial segments of differing wall composition. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured noninvasively in a thoraco-abdominal segment (carotid femoral PWV [PWVcf]), in an upper limb muscular artery (carotid radial PWV [PWVcr]), and from the aorta to the finger (PWV from the aorta to the finger [PWVfin]). Central aortic compliance (CAC) was also measured. RESULTS—Average CAC was lower (0.662 vs. 0.850, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and all measures of PWV tended to be faster in diabetic subjects despite the fact that they were, on average, 10 years younger. However, these measures were not related to age in diabetic subjects. After correcting for blood pressure, only PWVcf was associated with age in nondiabetic subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Expressing results as ratios of nonelastic to elastic arterial segments (i.e., PWVcr-to-PWVcf and PWVfin-to-PWVcf) improved the relationship with age. Both PWVcr-to-PWVcf and PWVfin-to-PWVcf were significantly associated with age in nondiabetic subjects (r = −0.59, P &amp;lt; 0.001; r = −0.57, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not in diabetic subjects (r = −0.15, P = 0.302; r = −0.24, P = 0.129). Multivariate analysis showed that the ratios were not associated with systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS—There are significant differences in the rate of age-related decline in vascular stiffness in elastic arteries of nondiabetic compared with diabetic arteries. Diabetic arteries appear to age at an accelerated rate at an earlier age and then reach a functional plateau.
Nanoparticles Induce Changes of the Electrical Activity of Neuronal Networks on Microelectrode Array Neurochips
Authors: Alexandra Gramowski, Juliane Flossdorf, Kunal Bhattacharya, Ludwig Jonas, Margareta Lantow, Qamar Rahman, Dietmar Schiffmann, Dieter G. Weiss, Elke Dopp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Nanomaterials are extensively used in industry and daily life, but little is known about possible health effects. An intensified research regarding toxicity of nanomaterials is urgently needed. Several studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs; diameter < 100 nm) can be transported to the central nervous system; however, interference of NPs with the electrical activity of neurons has not yet been shown.We investigated the acute electrophysiological effects of carbon black (CB), hematite (Fe2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs in primary murine cortical networks on microelectrode array (MEA) neurochips. Uptake of NPs was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by flow cytometry.The multiparametric assessment of electrical activity changes caused by the NPs revealed an NP-specific and concentration-dependent inhibition of the firing patterns. The number of action potentials and the frequency of their patterns (spike and burst rates) showed a significant particle-dependent decrease and significant differences in potency. Further, we detected the uptake of CB, Fe2O3, and TiO2 into glial cells and neurons by TEM. Additionally, 24 hr exposure to TiO2 NPs caused intracellular formation of ROS in neuronal and glial cells, whereas exposure to CB and Fe2O3 NPs up to a concentration of 10 µg/cm2 did not induce significant changes in free radical levels.NPs at low particle concentrations are able to exhibit a neurotoxic effect by disturbing the electrical activity of neuronal networks, but the underlying mechanisms depend on the particle type.
Copy Number Variation Analysis by Ligation-Dependent PCR Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Chemiluminescence
Authors: Ming Liu, Ping Hu, Gen Zhang, Yu Zeng, Haowen Yang, Jing Fan, Lian Jin, Hongna Liu, Yan Deng, Song Li, Xin Zeng, Sauli Elingarami, Nongyue He
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

A novel system for copy number variation (CNV) analysis was developed in the present study using a combination of magnetic separation and chemiluminescence (CL) detection technique. The amino-modified probes were firstly immobilized onto carboxylated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and then hybridized with biotin-dUTP products, followed by amplification with ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After streptavidin-modified alkaline phosphatase (STV-AP) bonding and magnetic separation, the CL signals were then detected. Results showed that the quantification of PCR products could be reflected by CL signal values. Under optimum conditions, the CL system was characterized for quantitative analysis and the CL intensity exhibited a linear correlation with logarithm of the target concentration. To validate the methodology, copy numbers of six genes from the human genome were detected. To compare the detection accuracy, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and MNPs-CL detection were performed. Overall, there were two discrepancies by MLPA analysis, while only one by MNPs-CL detection. This research demonstrated that the novel MNPs-CL system is a useful analytical tool which shows simple, sensitive, and specific characters which are suitable for CNV analysis. Moreover, this system should be improved further and its application in the genome variation detection of various diseases is currently under further investigation.
Lupus mesenteric vasculitis can cause acute abdominal pain in patients with SLE
Authors: Ji Hyeon Ju, Jun-Ki Min, Chan-Kwon Jung, Soon Nam Oh, Seung-Ki Kwok, Kwi Young Kang, Kyung-Su Park, Hyuk-Jae Ko, Chong-Hyeon Yoon, Sung-Hwan Park, Chul-Soo Cho, Ho-Youn Kim
Journal: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (2009)
Resumption of Female Reproductive Function Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: Irwin R. Merkatz, Gabriel H. Schwartz, David S. David, Kurt H. Stenzel, Robert R. Riggio, John C. Whitsell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Menstrual patterns and fertility were studied in 27 renal transplant survivors aged 13 to 39 years. Amenorrhea was present before transplant in 26 women. Recovery of regular menses correlated with the level of renal function and the frequency and severity of rejection episodes. Five pregnancies occurred in four patients. All of these patients were delivered successfully of healthy babies in the face of unaltered immunosuppressive therapy. Vaginal delivery was feasible in three instances, but obstruction of the fetal head by the graft necessitated cesarean section in two women. Renal function declined in the third trimester in most cases, but returned promptly to normal after delivery. Determination of urinary estriol levels and combined intravenous pyelography and x-ray pelvimetry aided in the management of the pregnancies. Graft-directed antibodies were not induced by the fetuses in the cases studied.
Missed neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Authors: B. Craddock, N. Craddock
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the presenting features.All three patients were assessed and investigated by a neurologist, and no other diagnoses were obtained.Nystagmus, unsteady gait, and cranial palsies other than cranial nerve VI have, however, rarely been described in association.'The close temporal relation of the symptoms (including atypical symptoms and signs and lumbar puncture opening pressures) and successful treatment of the patients' myeloma strongly suggests an association but of course is not conclusive.Other mechanisms may be at playthe aetiology ofmononeuritis multiplex in myeloma remains obscure.Total protein content, sugar, and cytology of cerebrospinal fluid were all entirely within normal limits in all three cases.The computed tomo- graphy appearances were also normal (ventricles; no mass effect) apart from the empty sella as shown in our table.We agree that dural sinus thrombosis has to be excluded in patients presenting with benign intra- cranial hypertension.Our radiologists were specifically asked to exclude the possibility on the basis of contrast enhanced computed tomography scans.Magnetic resonance imaging and arteriography would be more sensitive methods but we did not feel they were justified as the presenting features were chronic in onset, the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was not raised, and there were no red cells to suggest venous infarction.Most
Plasma catecholamine levels in severe atopic eczema
Authors: G. Ionescu, R. Klehl
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Free plasma catecholamines were measured by means of a standardized HPLC method in 41 adult patients with severe atopic eczema and in 18 healthy volunteers. The circulating norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the atopic group ( P &lt; 0.005), by contrast only slight differences were found in the epinephrine and dopamine concentrations. The possible mechanisms leading to these changes at concomitant normal DBH activities are discussed.
The RET Receptor Is Linked to Stress Response Pathways
Authors: Shirley M. Myers, Lois M. Mulligan
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract RET is a transmembrane receptor required for the development of neuroendocrine and urogenital cell types. Activation of RET has roles in cell growth, migration, or differentiation, yet little is known about the gene expression patterns through which these processes are mediated. We have generated cell lines stably expressing either the RET9 or RET51 protein isoforms and have used these to investigate RET-mediated gene expression patterns by cDNA microarray analyses. As seen for many oncogenes, we identified altered expression of genes associated generally with cell–cell or cell-substrate interactions and up-regulation of tumor-specific transcripts. We also saw increased expression of transcripts normally associated with neural crest or other RET-expressing cell types, suggesting these genes may lie downstream of RET activation in development. The most striking pattern of expression was up-regulation of stress response genes. We showed that RET expression significantly up-regulated the genes for heat shock protein (HSP) 70 family members, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and HSPA1L. Other members of several HSP families and HSP70-interacting molecules that were associated with stress response protein complexes involved in protein maturation were also specifically up-regulated by RET, whereas those associated with the roles of HSP70 in protein degradation were down-regulated or unaffected. The major mechanism of stress response induction is activation of the heat shock transcription factor HSF1. We showed that RET expression leads to increased HSF1 activation, which correlates with increased expression of stress response genes. Together, our data suggest that RET may be directly responsible for expression of stress response proteins and the initiation of stress response.
Abstract 4265: Human prostate mesenchymal stem cells in prostate cancer: Mechanisms of TGF-β1 promoted myofibroblast/CAF differentiation
Authors: Woosook Kim, David Barron, Steven Ressler, David Rowley
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Reactive stroma in prostate cancer is typified by the co-evolution of myofibroblasts and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), yet the origin and biology of myofibroblast stem/progenitor cells are not known. TGF-β1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and affects myofibroblast differentiation, a key step in formation of a tumor-promoting reactive stroma. However, specific mechanisms of how TGF-β1 regulates recruitment, activation and differentiation of myofibroblast stem/progenitor cells are poorly understood. Human prostate mesenchymal stem cell (hpMSC) lines were initiated from organ cultures of normal human prostate gland and characterized by a novel 3D co-culture model. Differentially engineered LNCaP cells to overexpress active TGF-β1 were cultured as organoids on CM-inserts and hpMSCs were co-cultured with engineered LNCaP cells either in direct contact or on laminin-coated coverslips in the bottom chamber. 3D organoids grown in serum-free media for 72 hours were analyzed by IHC, ELISA and qRT-PCR. In addition, RNAi gene knockdown experiments were performed in hpMSC to identify key transcription factors involved in myofibroblast/CAF differentiation. hpMSCs were CD44+/CD90+ and showed characteristics and gene expression similar to human mesenchymal stem cells. In the 3D model, LNCaP cells and hpMSCs self-organized into a free-floating organoid. The organoids exhibited a periphery of LNCaP cells and a core of reactive stroma-appearing cells. Significantly, LNCaP cells induced myofibroblast differentiation of hpMSC and this was promoted by LNCaP expression of active TGF-β1. Gene expression analysis identified the RUNX1 and ID1 transcription factors as upregulated in hpMSC by TGF-β1. Knockdown of RUNX1 and ID1 are being used to assess the role and mechanisms of how these transcription factors regulate myofibroblast differentiation. Together, these data suggest that the genesis and co-evolution of reactive stroma in prostate cancer results from activation and differentiation of CD44+/CD90+ endogenous hpMSC via upregulation of specific transcription factors by TGF-β1. Defining key mechanisms that recruit, activate and differentiate the origin of myofibroblasts/CAFs could provide clues to develop new strategies to target the microenvironment niche. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4265. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4265
Responsibility of Pet Owners
Authors: Edward J. Volpintesta
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To educate pet owners about the possible transmissible diseases<sup>1</sup>their pets may harbor is a good idea because it protects the physical health of the public. It is important to realize that some pets can disturb the public peace in such a way that it is not only a physical health hazard but an emotional one as well. I refer to those dog owners who do not keep their dogs under control and restrained from disturbing the public. Chasing and harrassing joggers, barking and growling at strollers, and sometimes biting passersby are a few of the more obvious disturbances that society puts up with from dogs that are not kept under control. Because of embarrassment or apathy, these complaints are not brought to the attention of the dogs' owners. Many dog owners are neglectful, and some are oblivious to the ordinances regarding control of their pets.
Reviews and Notes: Neurology: Neurologic Skills: Examination and Diagnosis
Authors: Michael J. Aminoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 May 1994Reviews and Notes: Neurology: Neurologic Skills: Examination and DiagnosisMichael J. AminoffMichael J. AminoffUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Neurologic Skills: Examination and DiagnosisThomas H. Glick. 452 pages. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1993. $39.95.The discipline of clinical neurology has a complexity that many students find forbidding, and this book is meant for students and house officers to develop or improve their clinical skills in neurology. Several other books address the same audience, however, and another text is hard to justify unless it provides fresh insights or approaches. In fact, this new book is conventionally organized, and its excessive length will probably discourage its intended audience. Moreover, the text is unreferenced, and the guides to further reading that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 815KeywordsNeurology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis in Children.
Authors: J. Newton Hunsberger
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Skippack, Pa., Nov. 16, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 1460 ofThe Journal, November 12, Dr. C. F. Wahrer, in discussing Dr. Louis Fisher's paper, "gave it as his opinion that if a child born of two healthy parents was exchanged for a child born to one or two diseased parents, so that the healthy parents were to take care of the child born of diseased parents, and the diseased parents were to care for the child born of healthy parents, the child that is reared by the healthy parents will have a far better chance of life, notwithstanding its inheritance, than the child that was born of healthy parents but reared in unhealthy environment." Possibly if some of us would not be blinded by the brilliant (?) statistics emanating from our laboratories and specialists, and would use our eyes a bit, along with just a small amount of the