tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Student's Medical Dictionary, including all words and phrases generally used in medicine, with their proper pronunciation and definitions based on recent medical literature.
Authors: George M. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Undercover and Overlooked
Authors: Andrew Wang, Thomas M. Bashore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 67-year-old obese man was seen by his physician because of a two-month history of shortness of breath, a nonproductive cough, and bilateral swelling of the lower extremities. He also reported the sensation of neck fullness, occasional wheezing, and an increase in dyspnea after meals.
328 CIRCULATING BONE MARROW DERIVED FIBROCYTES CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXPANSION OF MYO-FIBROBLAST POOL IN HCV-MEDIATED LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: A.E. El Bassiouny, E.G. El-Ahwany, M.K. Zoheiry, M.M. Nosseir, R.A. Ibrahim, I.M. Ibrahim, S.K. Zada, N.E. El-Bassiouni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The tobacco epidemic in Japan
Authors: H. KAWANE
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis may cause irreversible respiratory failure due to progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and widespread cystic change.Transplantation oVers a therapeutic option.A case is described of recurrence of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis which was associated with deterioration in lung function four years following bilateral lung transplantation.Patients transplanted for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis should be followed up with this complication in mind.
FDA Risk Assessment of Seafood Contamination after the BP Oil Spill: Rotkin-Ellman and Solomon Respond
Authors: Miriam Rotkin-Ellman, Gina Solomon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

A 55Food Additives (JECFA), which considered but did not include naphthalene among geno toxic and carcino genic PAHs evaluated (FAO/WHO 2006).Although well intentioned, the LOC values suggested by Rotkin-Ellman et al. (2012) do not appear to take into account the natural background occurrence of PAHs in foods in many categories.Assessments from the body of scientific literature is perhaps best represented by the deliberations of JECFA (which included experts from the FDA), which found benzo(a)pyrene from dietary intake alone to range from 0.16 to 3.3 µg/person/day (Benford et al. 2010; FAO/WHO 1991, 2006).The LOC values proposed by Rotkin-Ellman et al. ( 2012) would unnecessarily exclude many food groups from consumers, where nutritional benefits far outweighs negligible risk from PAHs.Public health authorities are responsible for protecting consumers from contaminated commercial and recreational seafood sources, and to that end advisories may be issued to protect consumers.The federal and state inter agency risk assessment for seafood safety following the BP oil spill of 2010 was designed and agreed on by all participants to provide conservative criteria that protect the public.The alternative interpretation provided by Rotkin-Ellman et al. ( 2012) carries a risk of doing more harm than good.
Editorial: Quo vadis, psychiatry?
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genomic imprinting and environmental disease susceptibility.
Authors: R L Jirtle, M Sander, J C Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Genomic imprinting is one of the most intriguing subtleties of modern genetics. The term "imprinting" refers to parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression. The presence of imprinted genes can cause cells with a full parental complement of functional autosomal genes to specifically express one allele but not the other, resulting in monoallelic expression of the imprinted loci. Genomic imprinting plays a critical role in fetal growth and behavioral development, and it is regulated by DNA methylation and chromatin structure. This paper summarizes the Genomic Imprinting and Environmental Disease Susceptibility Conference held 8-10 October 1998 at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. The conference focused on the importance of genomic imprinting in determining susceptibility to environmentally induced diseases. Conference topics included rationales for imprinting: parental antagonism and speciation; methods for imprinted gene identification: allelic message display and monochromosomal mouse/human hybrids; properties of the imprinted gene cluster human 11p15.5 and mouse distal 7; the epigenetics of X-chromosome inactivation; variability in imprinting: imprint erasure, non-Mendelian inheritance ratios, and polymorphic imprinting; imprinting and behavior: genetics of bipolar disorder, imprinting in Turner syndrome, and imprinting in brain development and social behavior; and aberrant methylation: methylation and chromatin structure, methylation and estrogen exposure, methylation of tumor-suppressor genes, and cancer susceptibility. Environmental factors are capable of causing epigenetic changes in DNA that can potentially alter imprint gene expression and that can result in genetic diseases including cancer and behavioral disorders. Understanding the contribution of imprinting to the regulation of gene expression will be an important step in evaluating environmental influences on human health and disease.
Superior Vena Caval Thrombosis in a 7-Year-Old Child
Authors: Patrick J. Haran
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE clinical manifestations of superior vena caval syndrome were first described by William Hunter in 1747. Superior vena caval obstruction occurs frequently in adults and the most common causes in these cases are bronchogenic tumors, anterior mediastinal tumors, and lymphomas. On the other hand, the syndrome of superior vena caval obstruction is relatively rare in children. Several cases in childhood have been reported however,<sup>1</sup>the most common causes being tumors arising from the sympathetic nervous system, lymphomas, and mediastinitis and pericarditis. Thrombosis of the superior vena cava in childhood is the rarest cause of this syndrome. One previous case has been reported in the French literature by de Muralt and Menano, as cited by Valeton,<sup>2</sup>in a 5-year-old child with associated nephrosis. The diagnosis in this case was made clinically and confirmed postmortem. This case is presented as another, but rare cause of the superior vena caval syndrome.
John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise
Authors: Allan Nevins
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonspecific Triggers Also Provoke Occupational Asthma
Authors: George Piligian, Jamie Szeinuk, Stephen Levin, Jacqueline Moline, Debra Milek, Aboaba Afilaka, Elizabeth Wilk-Rivard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

We would like to make a comment regarding the management of occupational asthma as discussed in the useful State of the Art article on this topic by Mapp and colleagues (1). Based on our clinical experience in a busy urban occupational medicine clinic, patients with occupational asthma—not just those with work-aggravated asthma—continue to progressively react to nonspecific airborne environmental triggers that differ from their original exposure(s), especially in cases when recognition of disease is made late in the course of their disease. Studies in the medical literature have shown that concomitant sensitization to ubiquitous allergens is frequent in subjects with sensitizerinduced occupational asthma (2) and that occupational asthmatics continue to present persistent symptoms and nonspecific bronchial reactivity for extensive periods of time after diagnosis (3–19 yr), even while away from work (3). Recognition of this is important to encourage appropriate reassignment to different work settings that prevent worsening of disease severity and allow continued gainful employment.
Zinc Supplementation Reduces Blood Ammonia and Increases Liver Ornithine Transcarbamylase Activity in Experimental Cirrhosis
Authors: Oliviero Riggio, Manuela Merli, Livio Capocaccia, Massimo Caschera, Angelo Zullo, Giorgio Pinto, Eugenio Gaudio, Antonio Franchitto, Roberta Spagnoli, Elvira D'aquilino, Siro Seri, Renzo Moretti, Alfredo Cantafora
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Zinc deficiency is common in cirrhosis and may be involved in the alteration of ammonia metabolism. Rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis have high plasma ammonia and low serum and tissue zinc levels. We used this model to examine the effects of oral zinc supplementation on activities of plasma ammonia and liver ornithine transcarbamylase (a key enzyme in the urea cycle). These parameters were examined in two consecutive experiments. Each experiment included two groups of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride; one group received zinc in the drinking water during the induction of cirrhosis, and another served as a control group. Regardless of zinc supplementation, all carbon tetrachloride-treated rats exhibited similar micronodular cirrhosis, with similar histological appearance and liver function impairment. Cirrhotic rats without zinc supplementation showed high plasma ammonia and low serum and hepatic zinc levels and reduced liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity. Serum, hepatic zinc and liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity increased significantly in the zinc-supplemented group, and these rats' plasma ammonia levels became normal. Plasma ammonia level was significantly inversely correlated with liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity and positively correlated with serum and hepatic zinc content. Our results suggest that zinc deficiency may modify hepatic ornithine transcarbamylase activity and, therefore, ammonia disposal.
Abstract 4873: Genistein and soy isoflavone isolate decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity in a Sprague-Dawley ER-positive breast cancer model.
Authors: Holly L. Nicastro, Ronald A. Lubet, Barbara K. Dunn, Clinton J. Grubbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract This study evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of the pure soy isoflavone genistein and of a soy isoflavone mixture (PTI G-4660) containing roughly 90% genistein in an ER-positive breast cancer model in rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were injected i.v. with N-nitroso-N -methylurea (MNU) at 50 days of age. In a model examining the effects on cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, rats were fed either a standard Teklad diet or a diet supplemented with genistein (200 or 2000 mg/kg diet) beginning at 43 d of age. Supplemented or standard diets were administered continuously thereafter until the end of the study. In a separate study testing the effects on progression, rats were administered standard Teklad diet or diet supplemented with PTI G-4660 (2000 mg/kg diet) beginning at 55 d of age. All rats were weighed weekly, palpated for mammary tumors twice per week, and checked daily for signs of toxicity. The studies were terminated 126 d after MNU treatment and tumors were weighed. After 126 days, genistein at 200 and 2000 mg/kg diet decreased tumor incidence in a dose-dependent fashion by 15 and 20% (p&amp;lt;0.05), respectively, and significantly decreased tumor multiplicity by 49.6 and 60.3% (p&amp;lt;0.05), respectively. PTI non-significantly decreased tumor incidence by 14% and tumor multiplicity by 24%. In addition, gene expression profiling of livers from rats treated with standard Teklad diet or genistein revealed pathways modified by genistein which may be useful as biomarkers. Citation Format: Holly L. Nicastro, Ronald A. Lubet, Barbara K. Dunn, Clinton J. Grubbs. Genistein and soy isoflavone isolate decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity in a Sprague-Dawley ER-positive breast cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4873. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4873
Use of Miniradiographs to Detect Silicosis
Authors: ELIZABETH L. CORBETT, JILL MURRAY, GAVIN J. CHURCHYARD, PHILIP C. HERSELMAN, TIM C. CLAYTON, KEVIN M. DE COCK, RICHARD J. HAYES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Radiological and routine autopsy findings from 241 South African gold miners were compared, using pathology as the "gold standard." Previous annual screening miniradiographs were read independently by two readers, using the International Labor Office (ILO) grading system, without reference to personal identifiers. Individual and consensus silicosis grades were recorded for each subject. When pathological and radiological silicosis were defined as any abnormal grade, the sensitivity and specificity of the radiological diagnosis was 67.5% and 80%, with positive and negative predictive values of 63% and 83%. Most undetected autopsy silicosis was early-grade. Using higher pathological and radiological grades to define silicosis (5 nodules or more and ILO grades 1/1 and above), sensitivity and specificity increased to 71% and 96%, and positive and negative predictive values increased to 76% and 95%, respectively. Use of a consensus grade made little difference to results from individual readers. For each radiological definition, sensitivity was considerably higher than, but specificity was similar to, that found in a previous study of South African gold miners which used the same pathology source and standard sized films. The difference between these two study findings, and unexpected demonstration of higher sensitivity from miniradiographs, suggests that further research is required into factors affecting radiological interpretation before silicosis grading can be considered to be adequately standardized. Corbett EL, Murray J, Churchyard GJ, Herselman PC, Clayton TC, De Cock KM, Hayes RJ. Use of miniradiographs to detect silicosis: comparison of radiological with autopsy findings.
Bravo Catheter-Free pH Monitoring: Normal Values, Concordance, Optimal Diagnostic Thresholds, and Accuracy
Authors: Shahin Ayazi, John C. Lipham, Giuseppe Portale, Christian G. Peyre, Christopher G. Streets, Jessica M. Leers, Steven R. DeMeester, Farzaneh Banki, Linda S. Chan, Jeffrey A. Hagen, Tom R. DeMeester
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Waiting Time in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Therapy of Adolescent Schizophrenia
Authors: PHILIP KATZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The relationship between adolescence and schizophrenia is described, with emphasis on the importance of developmental evaluation in considering the formulation of a therapeutic program. The author points out the usefulness of involving the adolescent schizophrenic in the program of therapy: in controlling his own medication, in discussing and assenting to all environmental manipulations, and in feeling that psychotherapy sessions make him part of an alliance. Specific approaches to treatment are suggested, e.g., reality testing, application of the "so what" principle, and strengthening of useful defenses.
Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Disproportionately High Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Non–Hispanic Black Adolescents
Authors: Mark D. DeBoer, Matthew J. Gurka, Anne E. Sumner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Whereas it is known that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a paradoxically lower prevalence in non–Hispanic black adolescents than in non–Hispanic whites or Hispanics, the relative severity of MetS by race/ethnicity is unknown. Inflammation, indicated by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), is a key factor linking MetS to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to determine whether elevations of hsCRP vary by race/ethnicity among adolescents with MetS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2008) and evaluated adolescents (age 12–19 years) using a pediatric/adolescent adaptation of the ATP III definition of MetS. We used linear regression to evaluate the interaction between MetS status and ethnicity with respect to hsCRP concentration. RESULTS For male and female adolescents, MetS was associated with elevated hsCRP levels compared with adolescents without MetS. However, the elevation in hsCRP between adolescents with and without MetS was greater in non–Hispanic blacks compared with that in non–Hispanic whites (P = 0.04) but not that in Hispanics (P = 0.18). hsCRP concentrations correlated with individual MetS components similarly among all ethnicities. In an evaluation of adolescents diagnosed with MetS, non–Hispanic blacks had higher BMI and more hypertension than other ethnicities but there were no other racial/ethnic differences in the features of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Non–Hispanic black adolescents have a greater differential in hsCRP between those with and those without MetS than the differential in non–Hispanic whites but not that in Hispanics. Therefore, even though MetS has a low prevalence in non–Hispanic blacks, MetS is a particularly good indicator of inflammation in non–Hispanic black adolescents.
Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes by transfection with SOX Trio genes
Authors: Han Na Yang, Ji Sun Park, Dae Gyun Woo, Su Yeon Jeon, Hyun-Jin Do, Hye-Young Lim, Seung Who Kim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Keun-Hong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Exploration of Work and Health Disparities among Black Women Employed in Poultry Processing in the Rural South
Authors: Hester J. Lipscomb, Robin Argue, Mary Anne McDonald, John M. Dement, Carol A. Epling, Tamara James, Steve Wing, Dana Loomis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We describe an ongoing collaboration that developed as academic investigators responded to a specific request from community members to document health effects on black women of employment in poultry-processing plants in rural North Carolina. Primary outcomes of interest are upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and function as well as quality of life. Because of concerns of community women and the history of poor labor relations, we decided to conduct this longitudinal study in a manner that did not require involvement of the employer. To provide more detailed insights into the effects of this type of employment, the epidemiologic analyses are supplemented by ethnographic interviews. The resulting approach requires community collaboration. Community-based staff, as paid members of the research team, manage the local project office, recruit and retain participants, conduct interviews, coordinate physical assessments, and participate in outreach. Other community members assisted in the design of the data collection tools and the recruitment of longitudinal study participants and took part in the ethnographic component of the study. This presentation provides an example of one model through which academic researchers and community members can work together productively under challenging circumstances. Notable accomplishments include the recruitment and retention of a cohort of low-income rural black women, often considered hard to reach in research studies. This community-based project includes a number of elements associated with community-based participatory research.