tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology Methodology: Observational Data
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Jason D. Wright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The goal of comparative effectiveness research is to inform clinical decisions between alternate treatment strategies using data that reflect real patient populations and real-world clinical scenarios for the purpose of improving patient outcomes. Observational studies using population-based registry data are increasingly relied on to fill the information gaps created by lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Administrative data sets have many advantages, including large sample sizes, long-term follow-up, and inclusion of data on physician and systems characteristics as well as cost. In this review, we describe the characteristics of many of the commonly used population-based data sets and discuss the elements included within these data sets. An overview of common research themes that rely on population-based data and illustrative examples are presented. Finally, an overview of the analytic techniques commonly employed by health services researchers to limit the effects of selection bias and confounding is discussed. The analysis of well-designed studies of comparative effectiveness is complex. However, careful framing, appropriate study design, and application of sophisticated analytic techniques can improve the accuracy of nonrandomized studies. There are multiple areas where the unique characteristics of observational studies can inform medical decision making and health policy, and it is critical to appreciate the opportunities, strengths, and limitations of observational research.
Interleukin-1 plays a major role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in male apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
Authors: F MERHISOUSSI, B KWAK, D MAGNE, C CHADJICHRISTOS, M BERTI, G PELLI, R JAMES, F MACH, C GABAY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

To examine the role of the balance between interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation.Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing either secreted IL-1Ra or intracellular IL-1Ra1 as well as IL-1Ra-deficient mice (IL-1Ra -/-) were crossed with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE -/-).In males fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 10 weeks, average atherosclerotic lesion area within aortic roots was significantly decreased in ApoE -/- secreted IL-1Ra Tg (-47%) and ApoE -/- intracellular IL-1Ra1 Tg (-40%) mice as compared to ApoE -/- non-Tg controls. The extent of sudanophilic lesions was reduced within the thoraco-abdominal aorta in ApoE -/- secreted IL-1Ra (-53%) and ApoE -/- intracellular IL-1Ra1 (-67%) Tg mice. In parallel experiments, we observed early mortality and illness among double deficient mice, whereas ApoE -/- IL-1Ra +/+ and ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra -/- mice were apparently healthy. After 7 weeks of diet, ApoE -/- IL-1Ra -/- mice exhibited massive aortic inflammation with destruction of the vascular architecture, but no signs of atherosclerosis. ApoE -/- IL-1Ra +/+ had atherosclerosis and a moderate inflammatory reaction, whereas ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra -/- mice were free of vascular lesions. Macrophages were present in large amounts within inflammatory lesions in the adventitia of ApoE -/- IL-1Ra -/- mice.Our results demonstrate that the IL-1/IL-1Ra ratio plays a critical role in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice.
Typhoid Cholecystitis and Gallbladder Carcinoma After Interval of 67 Years
Authors: Lloyd Axelrod
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A woman who had had typhoid fever at age 13 years had an attack of cholecystitis at age 80 years. At operation, her inflamed gallbladder had a solitary stone, a carcinoma of the fundus, and typhoid bacilli on culture. Her unsuspected and unusually prolonged typhoid carrier state illustrates a potential contagious hazard. Obscure infection in the remote past, decades of apparent good health, and late exacerbation and contagion is a pattern well recognized in tuberculosis and occasionally in other infections as well. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 80-year-old white woman, a life-long resident of Massachusetts, was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, for the first time on Nov 10, 1967, because of 12 hours of pain in the right upper quadrant radiating into the back, associated with a single episode of vomiting of bright-red blood. The patient recalled in detail her case of typhoid fever
Loss of Leukoregulin Up-regulation of Natural Killer But Not Lymphokine-Activated Killer Lymphocytotoxicity in Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA-Immortalized Cervical Epithelial Cells
Authors: P. M. Furbert-Harris, C. H. Evans, C. D. Woodworth, J. A. DiPaolo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Loss of Leukoregulin Up-regulation of Natural Killer But Not Lymphokine-Activated Killer Lymphocytotoxicity in Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA-Immortalized Cervical Epithelial Cells Get access Paulette M. Furbert-Harris, Paulette M. Furbert-Harris * Laboratory of Biology, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD *Correspondence to: Dr. Paulette M. Furbert-Harris, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2A03, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles H. Evans, Charles H. Evans Laboratory of Biology, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Craig D. Woodworth, Craig D. Woodworth Laboratory of Biology, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph A. DiPaolo Joseph A. DiPaolo Laboratory of Biology, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 14, 19 July 1989, Pages 1080–1085, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.14.1080 Published: 19 July 1989 Article history Received: 05 January 1989 Revision received: 04 May 1989 Accepted: 09 May 1989 Published: 19 July 1989
Reforming the World Health Organization After Ebola
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

are helpful. For example, the website DiabetesMine curates video patient reviews that explain how a particular app works andwhether the patient or caregiver finds it useful (http://bit.ly/1EtLCCR). “It’sagreat resourcethat isbeingmissed because it isnotcomingfromthemedicalestablishment,”Leesaid. “Patientsare thebest at finding tools thathelp themmanage their chronic disease.” Even if a physician and patient find a useful app, it isn’t necessarily clear how the app will work in the context of clinical care. “The challenge is integrating [mobile apps] into the medical delivery system,” said Lee. She explained that sharing app data via email may not be secure or compliant with patient privacy regulations, or apps may present data in formats that are difficult to upload into widely used medical electronic records. It has taken years and multiple iterations for Clough and her colleagues to develop systems that allowthepracticesusing the WellDoc Diabetes Manager app to easily integrate it into theirprescribingandclinical care workflows, Clough said. She acknowledged, however, that this is a challenge many tech-driven health solutions haven’t figured out how to solve for their own apps. While apps are not a panacea for all patients or providers, theymayhelpbetter engage some patients. Data collected by the BlueStarappduring theregional rollouthave shown that adults in the 60to 69-year-old agegroup,whooftenstrugglewithadherence and diabetes complications, are among the WellDocBlueStar app’smost prolific users. “Theyarekilling it,” shesaid, referring to their successful use of the app.
Tmem100 Is a Regulator of TRPA1-TRPV1 Complex and Contributes to Persistent Pain
Authors: Hao-Jui Weng, Kush N. Patel, Nathaniel A. Jeske, Sonya M. Bierbower, Wangyuan Zou, Vinod Tiwari, Qin Zheng, Zongxiang Tang, Gary C.H. Mo, Yan Wang, Yixun Geng, Jin Zhang, Yun Guan, Armen N. Akopian, Xinzhong Dong
Journal: Neuron (2015)
THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS BY INDUCING AN ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: H. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1911)

the mttcous membrane soft, and helps to prevent cruLst .formation. Conqlveations.This operation is not without certain minor danigers, most of which can be avoided by careful mlanageiiment.Operations within thc niasal cavities usually do very well, septic troubles being almost uniknown.The few coiniplications which occurred in the 100 cases under consideration are.briefly mentionied.Jamnzatowia of the Septulum.-Inthis case the nose was plugged on onc side only with gauze strips.A few lhours after the comnpletion of the operation the patient sneezed violently and a portion of the plug was blown out, the patient pulling out the rest of it as its purpose was unknown to hlim.Whlen I saw hiim thc followiing day both -nostrils were completely blocked by a typical haematoma of the septum.It was not incised, and the ultimate result was not unsatisfactory.Perforation of the mucous memibrane occurred in a smnall number of cases.I have not found it to be detri- mental, but if it be recognized that a small perforation has been made, make it a big one.Small perforations are troublesolme; large ones never are.Haemorrhage may complicate the operation if under- taken with general anaestlhesia.It is rare with local anaesthesia.Secondary haemorrhage after the operation mnay also occur.-Frequently it can be arrested without plugging if the patient be instructed to sniff (forcible inspiration), which has the effect of emptying the veins of the head and nasal cavities.Synechia may formii if adjacent surfaces of turbinal and septum be injured, but this is rare." Tooth-ache," involving the incisor teeth of the upper jaw, is sometimes complained of after operation.It is ustially 6nly temnporary, and is due to inljury of the branches of the large palatine nerve in removing tlle crest.Actte otitis media occurred in one case wlhere the plugging lhad been continued longer than usual.A plug in the nose, no matter how small it be, always gives rise to aun acute rhinitis, and it is just as well So warn your patient beforehand that for a short timlle after the operation the obstruction may be greater than it was previouisly.Com- plications, such as acute otitis, are muore due to this tllan to the operationi.In this case paracentesis of tlle drum became necessary, and gave the requisite relief.Recovery was uneventful.Acutte frontal sinusitis occurred twice,, and was un- dlobtedly due to plugging.One case recovered by ex- pectant treatment, rest in bed, warm fomentations, anad strict attention to the nasal toilet, but in the other removal of the middle turbinal body was required with lavage of the affected sillus.Tonsillitis was much lmlore frequently observed, alnd tllis m-iay also be traced to the plugging of tlle nose.It was usuLally mild in form, responidina quiielily to treatment.A complication whiclh is said to develop later is at 0opC]ihic r7hinitis.So far none of my cases have developed it, althouglh, in a few, crusts wlhiclh are difficult to expel continue to form.
770 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEPATOSELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF ACH-1625, A POTENT, CLINICAL STAGE HCV NS3 PROTEASE INHIBITOR
Authors: K. Stauber, C.W. Marlor, G. Mushtaq, V. Gadhachanda, G. Pais, A. Hashimoto, A. Phadke, M. Huang, M. Deshpande
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Safe Harbor: Protecting Ports with Shipboard Fuel Cells
Authors: David A. Taylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

With five of the largest harbors in the United States, California is beginning to take steps to manage the large amounts of pollution generated by these bustling centers of transport and commerce. One option for reducing diesel emissions is the use of fuel cells, which run cleaner than diesel and other internal combustion engines. Other technologies being explored by harbor officials are diesel-electric hybrid and gas turbine locomotives for moving freight within port complexes.
768-4 What is Unique About the Infarct Related Artery and How Do These Features Influence Success During Direct PTCA for AMI
Authors: Sandeep Khurana, Theodore Schreiber, Debra Sachs, Donovan Bakalyar, Robert D. Safian, V. Reddy, William W. O’Neill, Cindy Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Left Atrial Myxoma on FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Olivier Gheysens, Jasmien Cornillie, Jens-Uwe Voigt, Jan Bogaert, Rene Westhovens
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid factor–positive rheumatoid arthritis underwent FDG-PET/CT because of fatigue, fever, coughing, and weight loss for several months. FDG-PET/CT solely revealed a mildly hypermetabolic hypodense area in the left atrium. Subsequently, transthoracic echocardiography and contrast-enhanced MRI showed a left atrial pedunculated soft tissue mass suggestive for myxoma, with histological confirmation. Myocardial involvement by tumors is rare, and FDG-PET/CT has been very useful for identifying cardiac metastases. However, very few cases have been reported using FDG-PET/CT for detecting primary cardiac tumors, but as shown here, abnormal focal myocardial uptake should trigger further morphological assessment.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION OF WHITE MICE
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

Mice which survive a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a second dose per os of a similar epidemic mouse typhoid strain than are mice which have received no preliminary culture. The amount of this resistance is related to the pathogenicity of the preliminary strain more than to its antigenic similarity to the second strain. Mice which survive a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a lethal dose of mercury bichloride per os than are mice which have not received the preliminary bacterial culture. Mice which have resisted and mice which have recovered from a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a lethal intraperitoneal dose of an epidemic mouse typhoid strain than are mice which have not received the preliminary culture. Mice in which the preliminary dose of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli has induced a chronic infection readily succumb to a second dose of such bacilli. These findings indicate that the resistance mechanism of the host contains important non-specific factors which vary in degree with the individual mice.
The breadth-depth tradeoff: Gains and losses as the unidirectional shift in Pavlovian conditioning continues
Authors: Adam S. Goodie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Domjan et al. continue a consistent trend in Pavlovian conditioning, that of accounting for more behaviors while sacrificing specificity of predictions. Despite the sacrifice, their model provides a valuable framework within which social behavioral research may operate. It may also allow ethologists and evolutionary psychologists to pursue questions about which feed-forward systems should produce which behaviors in social settings.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Acute Disseminated Sclerosis
Authors: H. G. Miller, J. L. Gibbons
Journal: BMJ (1953)

CARDIAC INFARCTION MEDBTJSHRNAL 1345The remaining four patients made good recoveries after discontinuance of the infusions.Although one died of congestive heart failure four months after the cardiac infarction, the other three were alive and active at intervals ranging from six to thirteen months afterwards, their lives apparently having been saved by the treatment.The criteria for infusion of L-noradrenaline are discussed and the methods and precautions necessary for its use described.We are indebted to Dr. N. S. Plummer and Mr. David Trevor for allowing us to study their patients (Cases 3 and 2); to Dr. Alan Strachan, of Sutton, for his help in the clinical observations and treatment of Case 5; to Dr. D. I. L
THORACO-EPIGASTRIC PHLEBITIS PRODUCING DYSPNEA
Authors: George A. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1931)

It is well known that any painful lesion of the thoracic wall may produce symptoms which are quite alarming to the patient, but inflammation of the thoraco-epigastric vein is apparently of sufficient rarity as a cause of dyspnea to justify the report of a case.  A man, aged 40, white, married, complained of pain in his right side and of inability to breathe deeply enough to carry on his work properly. The pain had begun ten days previously and was sharp and persisting in character. It was intensified on elevation of the right shoulder, on deep inspiration and on flexion of the trunk to the left. Dyspnea was a development of the past two days and was the symptom which induced him to seek relief. He stated that for several days he had noticed a string under the skin of his right side which was very tender to touch.  The
Comparison of the 'Open' vs 'Closed' Intensive Care Unit Formats-Reply
Authors: Shannon S. Carson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Bihari and Wittig question our conclusion that clinical outcome improved after changing from an open to a closed ICU format because we did not provide CIs for the SMRs. We compared the outcome of our patients with expected outcomes, based on a prediction equation provided by the APACHE II system. To provide CIs for the SMR in a given group, we would need an assessment of the actual APACHE II database to calculate standard error for predicted mortality. This was not at our disposal. Nonetheless, we stand by our conclusion that clinical outcome was improved in the closed ICU, based on comparison of mortality in each ICU format to a validated standard. Dr Alberts advocates comparison of observed mortality only, but this would not be useful because there were definite differences in illness severity between the 2 groups. Drs Alberts and Bihari raise concerns about bias in data collection
French court rules in female circumcision case
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A 46 year old French woman of Malian origin was set free with a suspended one year prison sentence after she was found guilty of “voluntary blows and injuries leading to mutilations” on young children. She had carried out ritual excisions (or clitoridectomies) on baby girls at the request of immigrant parents who abided by the ancient custom that is still widely practised in sub-Saharan Africa. The parents were acquitted.

Yves Corneloup, president of the Paris Cour d'Assises (criminal court), where the trial was held, complained that no specific legislation has yet been adopted to deal with …
Creatine Kinase Release, Potassium-42 Content, and Mechanical Performance in Anoxic Rabbit Myocardium
Authors: Gary L. Conrad, Eric E. Rau, Kenneth I. Shine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We studied whether creatine kinase appearance in venous effluent was specific for, and quantitatively proportional to, the amount of loss of functioning myocardium. Cell viability was determined by simultaneously monitoring tissue 42K content and mechanical performance during anoxia and reoxygenation in isolated, arterially perfused, interventricular rabbit septa. The septa were paced at 42 beats/min and perfused at 1.8 ml/min per g tissue with a modified Tyrode solution at 28°C. Net total creatine kinase losses of 5.3±2.7, 20.6±7.2, 55.3±7.6, and 110.7±27.1 IU/g dry wt (mean±SEM) were observed after 20, 30, 40, and 60 min of anoxia, respectively. Maximum 42K losses during the same intervals of anoxia were 16.8±3.4, 38.3±2.9, 47.0±1.4, and 84.3±14.8 mmol K+/kg dry wt and correlated with creatine kinase losses, r = 0.97. Upon reoxygenation, 42K content returned to a new plateau which was expressed as a percentage of decrease from control content. These unrecovered 42K losses were −2.7±0.9, 0.7±2.9, 6.6±1.9, and 14.0±6.5% after 20, 30, 40, and 60 min of anoxia, respectively, and correlated with the creatine kinase loss, r = 0.97. Net loss of developed tension after reoxygenation was 9.0±2.3, 26.7±17.9, 31.7±1.1, and 60.7±8.8% of control after these anoxic intervals and correlated with creatine kinase loss, r = 0.92. The small enzyme loss that occurred after 20 min anoxia without evidence for irreversible loss of cell function was ≅0.1% of total tissue enzyme content. The significant correlation of enzyme loss with the irreversible losses of potassium content and contractile performance supported the hypothesis that creatine kinase appearance in the venous effluent was the result of cell death.
EFFECT OF LIPID SUBCLASSES ON THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN AN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION
Authors: Ankit D. Rathod, Vikas Veeranna, Palaniappan Manickam, Apurva Badheka, Ashutosh Niraj, Jyotiranjan Pradhan, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Topical NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) in psoriasis
Authors: Julia A. Newton, Katherine M. Boodle, Pauline M. Dowd, M. W. Greaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Topical NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) in psoriasis Get access Julia A. Newton, Julia A. Newton The Institute of Dermatology United Medical and Dental Schools Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katherine M. Boodle, Katherine M. Boodle The Institute of Dermatology United Medical and Dental Schools Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pauline M. Dowd, Pauline M. Dowd The Institute of Dermatology United Medical and Dental Schools Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. W. Greaves M. W. Greaves The Institute of Dermatology United Medical and Dental Schools Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 3, 1 September 1988, Pages 404–406, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03237.x Published: 01 September 1988
COLOSTOMY FOR THE CURE OF AMEBIC DYSENTERY.
Authors: WILLIAM NORBERT SULLIVAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Although medical treatment of dysentery yields good results in many cases, a large number of dysenteric patients succumb in spite of careful and painstaking treatment. The unqualified success which has attended the use of colostomy in the treatment of the case which I present leads me to believe that many patients die because the application of remedies to the diseased portion of the bowel is impracticable by ordinary methods. The pathological description, as given by Osler,<sup>1</sup>assists us in comprehending the difficulty which is experienced in treating some cases of dysentery. It can readily be conceived that if the ulcerated portion of the colon is situated at a distance from the rectum, i. e., if it occupies the ascending colon or the cecum, any fluid injected will have difficulty in reaching the diseased area and, if it should reach it, it will not remain long enough in contact with the
Guidance needed on secondary effects of CS gas on staff
Authors: N. Kain, A. Mishra, M I James
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We agree with Carron and colleagues that tear gas, especially chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS gas), has multiple effects.1 We encountered a case in which a 27 year old man was sprayed with CS gas by police. He sustained mixed thickness burns to his face, trunk, and upper arms and was managed by isolation in …