tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Y-Linked Genes and Male-Sex Determination
Authors: Park S. Gerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

An antigen known as the H-Y antigen behaves as if determined by a y-linked gene. The availability of an assay system has provided remarkable new information. On the basis of a finding that males with XXY and XYY/XXYY karytoypes have a greater amount of antigen on leukocytes than normal males, a genetic determinant for the H-Y antigen can be assigned to the human Y chromosome with reasonable confidence. This antigen may serve as a qualitative and quantitative marker for the presence of a Y chromosome or the region containing the H-Y genetic determinant. Persons with 46,XX karyotype but with male development and with testes occur about once in every 15,000 newborn males. When an autosomal dominant condition in the mouse known as sex-reversed (Sxr) occurs, the XX mouse heterozygous for Sxr is said to be H-Y antigen positive which is consistent with the postulate that Sxr is a translocated portion of the Y chromosome. The H-Y antigen in human males might represent the primary male-determining gene. The H-Y antigen adds a new dimension to the understanding of sex determination.
Resistance Exercise and Supraphysiologic Androgen Therapy in Eugonadal Men With HIV-Related Weight Loss
Authors: Alison Strawford, Theresa Barbieri, Marta Van Loan, Elizabeth Parks, Don Catlin, Norman Barton, Richard Neese, Mark Christiansen, Janet King, Marc K. Hellerstein
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Repletion of lean body mass (LBM) that patients lose in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has proved difficult. In healthy, HIV-seronegative men, synergy between progressive resistance exercise (PRE) and very high-dose testosterone therapy has been reported for gains in LBM and muscle strength.To determine whether a moderately supraphysiologic androgen regimen, including an anabolic steroid, would improve LBM and strength gains of PRE in HIV-infected men with prior weight loss and whether protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy prevents lean tissue anabolism.Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial; post hoc analysis for effect of HIV-protease inhibitor therapy conducted from January to October 1997.Referral center in San Francisco, Calif.Volunteer sample of 24 eugonadal men with HIV-associated weight loss (mean, 9% body weight loss), recruited from an AIDS clinic and by referral and by advertisement.For 8 weeks, all subjects received supervised PRE with physiologic intramuscular testosterone replacement (100 mg/wk) to suppress endogenous testosterone production. Randomization was between an anabolic steroid, oxandrolone, 20 mg/d, and placebo.Lean body mass, nitrogen balance (10-day metabolic ward measurements), body weight, muscle strength, and androgen status.Twenty-two subjects completed the study (1 1 per group). Both groups showed significant nitrogen retention and increases in LBM, weight, and strength. The mean (SD) gains were significantly greater in the oxandrolone group than in the placebo group (5.6 [2.1] vs 3.8 [1.8] g of nitrogen per day [P=.05]; 6.9 [1.7] vs 3.8 [2.9] kg of LBM [P=.005]; greater strength gains for various upper and lower body muscle groups by maximum weight lifted [P = .02-.05] and dynamometry [P = .01 -.05]). The mean (SD) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level declined 0.25 (0.14) mmol/L (9.8 [5.4] mg/dL) significantly in the oxandrolone group (P < .001 compared with placebo). Results were similar whether or not patients were taking protease inhibitors. One subject in the oxandrolone group discontinued the study because of elevated liver function test results.A moderately supraphysiologic androgen regimen that included an anabolic steroid, oxandrolone, substantially increased the lean tissue accrual and strength gains from PRE, compared with physiologic testosterone replacement alone, in eugonadal men with HIV-associated weight loss. Protease inhibitors did not prevent lean tissue anabolism.
Patient Preferences for Noninsulin Diabetes Medications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tanjala S. Purnell, Susan Joy, Emily Little, John F.P. Bridges, Nisa Maruthur
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE An evidence-based synthesis of patient preferences for management of hyperglycemia is needed. Our objective was to systematically review patient preferences for noninsulin diabetes medications in adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and EconLit databases for articles published on or before 23 January 2013. We included English-language studies of adult patients with type 2 diabetes that assessed patient preferences for diabetes medication treatment. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. Study data and quality were abstracted with standard protocols. RESULTS Of 2,811 titles identified in our original search, 10 articles met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Studies were conducted from 2007 to 2012 among diverse patient populations in the U.S., Sweden, Denmark, and the U.K. Methods used to assess patient preferences included discrete choice experiments (e.g., conjoint analysis), time tradeoff exercises, standard gamble, and patient surveys. Key attributes of diabetes medication associated with patient preferences included treatment benefits (e.g., glycemic control and weight loss/control), treatment burden (e.g., administration, frequency, and cost), and side effects (e.g., weight gain, gastrointestinal effects, and hypoglycemia). CONCLUSIONS Various clinical and quality of life–related factors influence patient preferences for noninsulin diabetes medications. Treatment efficacy with regard to glycemic control and weight loss/control and the risk of treatment-related hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal effects are reported to be important drivers of patient treatment selections. Future work is needed to identify practical methods for incorporating patient preferences into treatment decision making and patient-centered care.
571 TRANSPLANTATION OF THE LIVER FROM A HBCAB POSITIVE DONOR INTO A HCV-RNA POSITIVE RECIPIENT ADVERSELY AFFECTS GRAFT SURVIVAL AND WORSENS THE COURSE OF HCV-RECURRENCE
Authors: F. Tandoi, R. Romagnoli, G. Catalano, F. Gonella, M.C. Bosso, G. Bertolotti, M.C. Saffioti, M. Salizzoni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cancer Mortality In Indians
Authors: Maurice L. Sievers
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The MEDICAL NEWS article Cancer Mortality Among Indians Remains Low (221:550, 1972), which quotes data of Drs. Edward T. Creagan and Joseph F. Fraumeni, presents some important observations. However, the report also stresses the statistical evidence that the death rate for cancer is much lower for American Indians than for other residents of the United States. That conclusion is at variance with the findings of others for many of the major tribes in which almost all of the members have complete Indian ancestry.  My data, which have been derived from 14 years of personal observation, and the published studies of Reichenbach 1 have revealed no ageadjusted deficit of cancer at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center (PIMC) among southwestern Indians, 94% of whom were putatively full-blooded, (M. L. Sievers, unpublished data). However, the primary sites involved varied greatly between the Indians and the non-Indians. In southwestern Indians, cancer
ArgBP2-Dependent Signaling Regulates Pancreatic Cell Migration, Adhesion, and Tumorigenicity
Authors: David Taieb, Julie Roignot, Frédéric André, Stéphane Garcia, Bénédicte Masson, Anne Pierres, Juan-Lucio Iovanna, Philippe Soubeyran
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is due to rapid locoregional invasion, the early development of metastases, and the limited efficacy of current therapies. To date, none of the identified oncogenes and suppressors involved in this disease have led to efficient treatments. Here, we describe that the scaffold protein ArgBP2 is repressed during oncogenic transformation of the pancreas. We could show, using a pancreatic cancer cell line model, that this repression of ArgBP2 participates in the progression of this disease. Interestingly, in vitro analyses revealed that the antitumoral potential of ArgBP2 is linked to the control of cell adhesion and migration rather than to the regulation of cell proliferation or sensitivity to apoptosis. Moreover, we could detail part of the molecular mechanism responsible by identifying new ArgBP2-interacting proteins, and show that this function is partly achieved by the control of a WAVE/PTP-PEST/c-Abl signaling complex. These findings point to a new mechanism of pancreatic cancer progression leading to invasion and metastasis and suggest that the ArgBP2 signaling pathway could represent a new target for cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4588–96]
Substance misuse and substance use disorders in sex offenders: A review
Authors: Fleur L. Kraanen, Paul M.G. Emmelkamp
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2010)

Substance abuse has often been associated with committing sex offenses. In this article, the following will be reviewed: 1) studies that assessed substance abuse in sex offenders; 2) differences in substance abuse among different types of sex offenders; 3) differences in substance abuse between sex offenders and nonsexual offenders and substance abuse in the normal population; 4) sex offenders' intoxication at the time of the offense; and 5) differences in intoxication at the time of the offense among different types of sex offenders. Studies will be discussed according to the method they used to assess substance abuse, i.e., file research, screening instruments or semi-structured interviews. This review shows that about half of the sex offenders has a history of substance abuse, a quarter to half of the sex offenders has a history of alcohol misuse and that about one fifth to a quarter of the sex offenders has a history of drug misuse. Furthermore, about a quarter to half of the sex offenders appeared to be intoxicated at the time of the offense. The review results in recommendations for future research. Because of the high prevalence of substance abuse in sex offenders it is advisable to routinely screen for substance abuse and, if necessary, to treat substance abuse.
Mesenchymal Differentiation Mediated by NF-κB Promotes Radiation Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Krishna P.L. Bhat, Veerakumar Balasubramaniyan, Brian Vaillant, Ravesanker Ezhilarasan, Karlijn Hummelink, Faith Hollingsworth, Khalida Wani, Lindsey Heathcock, Johanna D. James, Lindsey D. Goodman, Siobhan Conroy, Lihong Long, Nina Lelic, Suzhen Wang, Joy Gumin, Divya Raj, Yoshinori Kodama, Aditya Raghunathan, Adriana Olar, Kaushal Joshi, Christopher E. Pelloski, Amy Heimberger, Se Hoon Kim, Daniel P. Cahill, Ganesh Rao, Wilfred F.A. Den Dunnen, Hendrikus W.G.M. Boddeke, Heidi S. Phillips, Ichiro Nakano, Frederick F. Lang, Howard Colman, Erik P. Sulman, Kenneth Aldape
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Acute Streptococcal Thyroiditis
Authors: Arthur D. Hagan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Acute streptococcal thyroiditis with abscess formation developed in a 20-year-old white man in the wake of an upper-respiratory tract infection. Treatment with penicillin and streptomycin plus drainage of the abscess resulted in a complete cure with normal follow-up thyroid function studies.
Significance of Ca-soap formation for calcium absorption in the rat.
Authors: G Gacs, D Barltrop
Journal: Gut (1977)

The significance of calcium soap formation in the inhibition of calcium absorption has been studied in rats. 47Ca labelled soaps of fatty acids were introduced into the duodenum and the absorption of calcium measured after four hours in a whole body counter. The absorption of calcium was inversely correlated with the chain length of the fatty acid varying from 1% for Ca-stearate to 60% for Ca-hexanoate. Increasing the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid was accompanied by increased calcium absorption. The availability of calcium for absorption from the soaps was correlated with their solubility in 1% aqueous Na-tauroglycocholate. The percentages of calcium as soap in the small intestine and the faeces after intragastric administration of calcium and fats were similar, which suggests that the faecal content of calcium soaps is an index of intestinal soap formation. Soap formation was negligible when CaCl2 was given with tristearate, triolaeate, or tridecanoate and no depression of calcium absorption was observed. Calcium absorption was markedly impaired by the addition of phosphates at a Ca/P ratio of 1:1 irrespective of the presence of neutral fats. Stearic acid resulted in significant soap formation and reduced calcium absorption. The degree of Ca-soap formation and the inhibition of calcium absorption were well correlated. The results suggest that, although calcium soap formation may markedly depress calcium absorption in the rat, no significant soap formation takes place when fats are given in the form of triglycerides.
Collagens I and III in a Porcine Bronchial Model of Obliterative Bronchiolitis
Authors: HANNI S. ALHO, KAIJA A. INKINEN, ULLA-STINA SALMINEN, PAULA K. MAASILTA, EERO I. TASKINEN, VIRPI GLUMOFF, EERO I. VUORIO, TUIJA S. IKONEN, ARI L. J. HARJULA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The main extracellular matrix components of the lung, type I and III collagens, were studied in chronic allograft rejection developing in a porcine heterotopic bronchial transplantation model. Specific porcine complementary DNA probes were constructed for detection of the expression of type I and III procollagen messenger RNAs in the bronchial wall structures and in the obliterative plug by in situ hybridization. In autografts, and in allografts immunosuppressed with 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, cyclosporine A, and methylprednisolone, no histological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) developed, and the number of fibroblast-like cells expressing type I and III procollagen mRNA remained low. In nontreated allografts obliterating within 21 d, a preponderance of fibroblast-like cells showing positivity for type III procollagen mRNA existed in the obliterative plug and bronchial wall. This study shows for the first time the temporal and spatial activation of type I and III procollagen genes during the course of obliterative bronchiolitis. The number of cells expressing procollagen III mRNA increased parallel to developing obliteration and fibrosis in nontreated allografts, whereas autografts and immunosuppressed allografts exhibited no such trend. This finding suggests a positive association between type III collagen mRNA expression in fibroblast-like cells and development of obliterative bronchiolitis.
THE ADSOEPTION OF SOAP ON THE SKIN.
Authors: ALASTAIR G. RAMSAY, KENNETH K. JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE ADSOEPTION OF SOAP ON THE SKIN. Get access ALASTAIR G. RAMSAY, B.Sc., M.S., ALASTAIR G. RAMSAY, B.Sc., M.S. The Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KENNETH K. JONES, Ph.D. KENNETH K. JONES, Ph.D. The Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 1, 1 January 1955, Pages 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12648.x Published: 01 January 1955
LENS MEASURER.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Aledical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: ROBERT TILLEY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The instrument I have to exhibit to you is not my invention. It is a device for the practical ready and accurate measurement of the curvature of lenses, and indirectly, of course, the measurement of the focal lengths of lenses of the average size used in optical devices for the amelioration of defective vision. It is of interest to us in the ready means it affords of checking formulæ for glasses, and in readily and accurately determining the combination of lenses which may come under our observation in our daily dealings with patients. It is not an easy matter to determine, by the method of neutralization, the combination of a compound lens. At any rate, I do not blush to acknowledge that it is not an easy matter for me. Take any example at random: S. + 4.00 [unk] + 1.00 c. ax. 180; or, S,—2.25 [unk]—0.75 c. ax. 45°.
TCT-285 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug Coated Balloons Only For Coronary Bifurcation Lesions - Results Of The Randomized PEPCAD-BIF Trial
Authors: Franz X. Kleber, Antonia Schulz, Detlef Mathey, Harald Rittger, Bruno Scheller, Ralf Degenhardt, Michael Boxberger, Ruth H. Strasser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cholesterol lowering trials in coronary heart disease: frequency of citation and outcome.
Authors: U. Ravnskov
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To see if the claim that lowering cholesterol values prevents coronary heart disease is true or if it is based on citation of supportive trials only. DESIGN--Comparison of frequency of citation with outcome of all controlled cholesterol lowering trials using coronary heart disease or death, or both, as end point. SUBJECTS--22 controlled cholesterol lowering trials. RESULTS--Trials considered by their directors as supportive of the contention were cited almost six times more often than others, according to Science Citation Index. Apart from trials discontinued because of alleged side effects of treatment, unsupportive trials were not cited after 1970, although their number almost equalled the number considered supportive. In three supportive reviews the outcome of the selected trials was more favourable than the outcome of the excluded and ignored trials. In the 22 controlled cholesterol lowering trials studied total and coronary heart disease mortality was not changed significantly either overall or in any subgroup. A statistically significant 0.32% reduction in non-fatal coronary heart disease seemed to be due to bias as event frequencies were unrelated to trial length and to mean net reduction in cholesterol value; individual changes in cholesterol values were unsystematically or not related to outcome; and after correction for a small but significant increase in non-medical deaths in the intervention groups total mortality remained unchanged (odds ratio 1.02). CONCLUSIONS--Lowering serum cholesterol concentrations does not reduce mortality and is unlikely to prevent coronary heart disease. Claims of the opposite are based on preferential citation of supportive trials.
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Authors: G J Ross, J D Patrizi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. A 27-year-old man presented with a two-week history of left sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. A T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced axial image through the posterior fossa at the level of the cerebellopontine angle shows the typical appearance of an acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma). The larger, rounded portion (black arrow) represents the cisternal component of the mass, and the smaller, conical portion (white arrow) represents the intracanalicular component. The tumor was resected through a left suboccipital craniotomy. It involved both the superior and inferior vestibular nerves. The histologic diagnosis was acoustic neuroma. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by . . .
Ryan virus: a possible new human pathogen.
Authors: M. S. Pereira, H. B. Marsden, G. Corbitt, J. O. Tobin
Journal: BMJ (1966)

In November 1963 a cytopathic agent was isolated from a baby who died in the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital.This agent produced an unfamiliar effect in cell cultures, and further studies confirmed that this effect was unlike anything previously encountered by us.Since then five other agents, producing similar cytopathic effects in cell cultures, have been isolated in the Public Health Laboratories at Manchester, Coventry, Cirencester, and Colindale.This paper describes the properties, so far as they have been determined, of these agents and the clinical features of the illnesses in the patients from whom they were isolated.We shall refer to them as Ryan viruses, after the name of the child from whom the first strain was isolated, and because the properties so far determined suggest they are viruses rather than some other micro-organism. Details of Virus Isolation Ryan 1This strain was isolated from a post-mortem bronchial swab of a male infant aged 7 months who, six days before admission to hospital, developed a sore throat and ulcers in the mouth which later spread to the face.He was obviously unwell, was unable to suck, and his stools were loose.On the day before admission he began to vomit and at the same time developed a cough.He became drowsy and dyspnoeic, and when admitted to hospital on 31 October 1963 was moribund.He had Cheyne- Stokes respiration, scanty coarse rales in his chest, and made intermittent jerky movements.Lumbar puncture produced a clear cerebrospinal fluid with no pleocytosis.The blood count was normal.X-ray examination of the chest revealed some patchy consolidation with dilatation of the right side of the heart.Next day the tempera- ture, which had been normal on admission, rose to 1020 F. (38.90 C.).The child became apnoeic and deeply cyanosed, and died in spite of stimulants, fluid therapy, hydrocortisone, penicillin, and tetracycline.At necropsy there were no gross macroscopic changes apart from some emphysema, petechiae and small areas of congestion in the lungs, a fatty liver, prominent mesenteric nodes, and mucopus in the middle ears.Bacteriological cultures yielded Escherichia coli from the ears.Microscopical examination of the lungs showed small scattered areas of congestion and alveolar haemorrhage.There was a follicular reaction in the spleen and lymph nodes.The liver showed swelling and vacuolation of parenchymal cells at the periphery of the lobules, with widespread damage to nuclei but no definite inclusion bodies.Small focal haemorrhagic areas of mixed-cell infiltration with lymphocytes predominating were noted.There were several small cellular foci of lymphocytes and glial cells in the medulla but not elsewhere in the brain.No unequivocal inclusions were seen.The facial lesions were not examined virologically.Death appeared to be due to a respiratory infection associated with encephalitis and hepatitis.The virus was isolated in HeLa-cell cultures grown and maintained as already described (Manchester Report, 1964).