tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stromal Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Mediates Prostatic Response to Androgen Ablation by Paracrine Wnt Activity
Authors: Veronica R. Placencio, Ali-Reza Sharif-Afshar, Xiaohong Li, Hongxia Huang, Consolate Uwamariya, Eric G. Neilson, Michael M. Shen, Robert J. Matusik, Simon W. Hayward, Neil A. Bhowmick
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Mechanisms of androgen dependence of the prostate are critical to understanding prostate cancer progression to androgen independence associated with disease mortality. Transient elevation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) occurs after androgen ablation. To determine the role of TGF-β on prostate response to androgen ablation, conditional TGF-β type II receptor knockout mouse models of the epithelia (Tgfbr2NKX3.1KO) and stromal fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO) were used. After castration, the prostates of Tgfbr2NKX3.1KO mice had apoptosis levels similar to those expected for control Tgfbr2floxE2/floxE2 mice. Prostates of Tgfbr2fspKO mice, however, had reduced regression and high levels of proliferation associated with canonical Wnt activity throughout the glandular epithelia regardless of androgen status. In contrast, Tgfbr2floxE2/floxE2 prostates had epithelial canonical Wnt activity only in the surviving proximal ducts after castration. In vitro studies showed that androgen antagonist, bicalutamide, transiently elevated both Tgfbr2floxE2/floxE2 and Tgfbr2fspKO stromal expression of Wnt-2, Wnt-3a, and Wnt-5a. The neutralization of Wnt signaling by the expression of secreted frizzled related protein-2 (SFRP-2) resulted in decreased LNCaP prostate epithelial cell proliferation in stromal conditioned media transfer experiments. In vivo tissue recombination studies using Tgfbr2fspKO prostatic stromal cells in combination with wild-type or SV40 large T antigen expressing epithelia resulted in prostates that were refractile to androgen ablation. The expression of SFRP-2 restored the Tgfbr2fspKO-associated prostate responsiveness to androgen ablation. These studies reveal a novel TGF-β, androgen, and Wnt paracrine signaling axis that enables prostatic regression of the distal ducts after androgen ablation while supporting proximal duct survival. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4709–18]
Advances in American Medicine: Essays at the Bicentennial
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In 1876,<i>A Century of American Medicine</i>was published, summarizing the state of medicine at that time. Now, at the 200th anniversary, a further summary seemed indicated. This we now have in two handsome volumes that are richly illustrated and have abundant references and suggestions for further readings. Nineteen contributions by 22 authors present a vast amount of data on the progress of medicine in this country, principally in the last half century but with numerous bows to the earlier periods. The authors are prominent specialists, and they write about broad areas of medical science such as genetics, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, neoplasia, immunology, surgery, and the neurosciences. There are also several chapters on ancillary subjects such as biomedical communications, public health, medical education, and federal impact on medical research. The various authors, eminent in their respective fields, write with considerable authority, but the accounts are largely in the form
Some Observations on the Historical Appreciation, Pathological Development, and Behaviour of Round Tuberculous Foci
Authors: W. M. Macleod, A. T. Smith
Journal: Thorax (1952)

The recognition of the tubercle as a feature of the morbid anatomy of pulmonary tuberculosis appears to date from the observations of Franciscus Deliboe Sylvius in 1679 (Webb, 1936).He de- scribes " tubercula " as tiny diseased lymph nodes in the lungs which were wont to increase with age and suppurate.
Remarks ON A NEW FLOCCULATION REACTION FOR THE SERO-DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE
Authors: H. J. B. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1925)

JULY 4, THBE SO-DIAGNOM OF X&UGNAET DIASZ.cancer-producing properties after exposure to a temperature of 8800.3. The cancer-producing substance present in coal tar is formed only in very small amounts below 4500; at 5600 it appears in much larger quantity, and this increase continues at a slower rate up to 1,2500.I wish to express my thanks to the staff of H.M. Fuel Research Station for their kindness in supplying the series of coal tars made at known temperatures.
Need for Increased Awareness and Evidence-Based Therapies for Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Javed Butler, Gregg C. Fonarow, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maternal Heart Volume and Prematurity
Authors: Edward H. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The cardiac volume of 300 patients was measured radiographically during the prenatal period and correlated with the incidences of prematurity and fetal birth weight. Those patients with the small heart sizes had the greatest incidences of premature labor and their infants were under average birth weight. Those patients found to have a larger than average heart size had a minimal incidence of premature labor and these infants were of more than average birth weight.
Errors in blood transfusion in Britain: survey of hospital haematology departments
Authors: D B L McClelland, P Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Blood transfusion laboratories aim to provide a high quality service with minimum risk to patients. British guidelines for good practice in transfusion medicine exist,1 and most hospitals have local protocols. If these procedures fail incompatible blood may be transfused, which could lead to potentially fatal haemolytic reactions. As no system of collecting data centrally exists in Britain failures of the transfusion process are not documented. In contrast, in the United States the Food and Drug Administration requires all establishments that are registered to process blood to report all errors and deaths associated with transfusion. We aimed to investigate the incidence of recognised transfusion errors in Britain in 1990 and 1991 and the cause and clinical outcome of these errors.

### and results

A short questionnaire about errors in blood transfusion procedures and …
Displaced Mediastinum and Heart Murmur
Authors: Thomas E. Sumner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>History</h3> A 6-year-old boy had been referred at age 22 months for evaluation of a grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur at the upper right sternal border. Cardiac catheterization showed mild pulmonic valvular stenosis, with main pulmonary artery pressure of 35/12 mm Hg and right ventricular pressure of 32/5 mm Hg. Cardiovascular history was negative for tachypnea, cyanosis, or squatting. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Congenital absence of the left pulmonary artery. <h3>Comment</h3> The chest roentgenogram (Fig 1) shows the heart and mediastinal structures displaced into the smaller left hemithorax. The left hilum appears small, and pulmonary vascularity is slightly diminished on the affected side. Cardiac size is within normal limits, but a right-sided aortic arch is noted. Pulmonary angiography (Fig 2) illustrates absence of the left pulmonary artery. Aortic angiography (Fig 3) demonstrates a right-sided aortic arch with bronchial arterial collateral supply to the left lung. No additional cardiovascular anomalies were shown. Pulmonary vascular
Reply to Anton Ponholzer and Stephan Madersbacher's Letter to the Editor re: Christina Wang, Eberhard Nieschlag, Ronald Swerdloff, et al. Investigation, Treatment, and Monitoring of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA, and ASA Recommendations. Eur Urol 2009;55:121–30
Authors: Christina Wang, Eberhard Nieschlag, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Frederick C.W. Wu
Journal: European Urology (2008)
UK's plan to build community care centres for Ebola patients is questioned
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

MPs have heard doubts about aspects of the UK government’s strategy to curb the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone.

In evidence presented to the parliamentary international development committee on 11 November two representatives from Medecins Sans Frontieres, the charity at the forefront of the response to the Ebola outbreak in west Africa, questioned the UK government’s plans to build 200 community care centres.

Andre Heller Perache, head of UK programmes for the charity, said it did not want to stand in the way of “fresh strategies” and “creative thinking.” But he said that existing holding and transit centres for patients with Ebola virus disease were overcrowded and needed support. “The way [the community care centres are] operating, the way they’re putting responsibilities …
Chest Radionuclide Angiography in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Masses
Authors: MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, JOHN M. BAUMAN, ROBERT J. TELEPAK, ROBERT D. KARL, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, WILLIAM H. HOWARD, STEPHEN R. BUNKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A retrospective analysis of 104 chest radionuclide angiography (CRNA) studies establishes the utility of this procedure in the evaluation of pulmonary malignancies and benign masses. Remarkable abnormalities in the perfusion of the lungs were identified in 36 (58%) of 62 cases that were not predictably normal or predictably abnormal form the clinical setting. While 60 of these 62 cases involved malignancy being evaluated for metastases, only 21 (34%) had metastases identified by radionuclide bone or liver-spleen scintigraphy. In addition to diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction, the CRNA may have a more frequent application as an adjunct to routine scintigraphic studies directed to the identification of metastatic disease.
Implicit affective profiling of subjects based on physiological data coupling
Authors: Eleni Kroupi, Jean-Marc Vesin, Touradj Ebrahimi
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2014)

Evidence from neuroscience and psychology supports the idea that synchronization among various sub-components of the organism is the key-point to emotional processes. This study investigates the way signals from the central nervous system interact with signals from the peripheral nervous system during emotional processes elicited by music clips. In particular, the study reveals that coupling between skin conductance response (SCR) and electroencephalography (EEG) of the temporal lobe is significantly stronger compared to the coupling between SCR and EEG captured from other parts of the cortex (p < 0.01) during music clips. It is also shown that the coupling between SCR and EEG of the temporal lobe increases significantly during high arousing music clips with respect to low arousing ones ( p < 0.01), as well as during highly pleasant ( p < 0.01) or very unpleasant ( p < 0.01) music clips with respect to neutral ones. The potential of including such coupling between EEG and SCR in an affective brain-computer interface (BCI) is discussed. Moreover, the study presents a clustering scheme to profile human subjects, based on the coupling between SCR and EEG of the temporal lobe, shown to be related to their underlying emotional characteristics.
Lithium
Authors: J. W Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In 1812 Benjamin Rush observed that “Many mad people, who have attempted to destroy themselves by cutting their throats … have been cured by the profuse haemorrhages.” Blood letting soon became his first remedy for mania.1 With the advent of a more scientific approach to medicine, this treatment, based on centuries of tradition and glowing clinical testimonials, fell into well deserved disrepute. Should lithium follow it?

Almost 140 years after Rush's observations John Cade noted that the toxicity of urine injected into guinea pigs was attenuated by lithium. After finding that lithium had “no discernable ill effects” when he took it himself, Cade successfully treated 10 manic patients with the drug.2 Thus, in 1949, the modern era of lithium therapy began. Almost simultaneously, however, the ill advised use of lithium chloride as a salt substitute for patients on low sodium diets produced reports of neurotoxicity and death.3 From this beginning the battle lines were drawn. Was this simple element a safe and effective cure for various ills or an ineffective but toxic nostrum?

In …
Television gives a distorted picture of birth as well as death
Authors: S. Clement
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Crayford et al have analysed death rates in televised soap operas.1Similar, but less systematic, observations were made by Karpf a decade ago. Discussing American daytime soap operas, Karpf commented that “in 1977 there were only two cases of cancer on soap operas, neither of them fatal. … Instead they die by being hit by a truck, being pushed downstairs, being shot at, or tumbling out of aeroplanes. Homicide is the soap opera's number one killer … and …
Lung Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Robert M. Senior
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Lung cancer can hardly be overlooked in the current medical scene. As the cause of more than 80,000 deaths in the United States annually, and rising in frequency, lung cancer is a major killer. Moreover, lung cancer strikes its victims down quickly; the median survival is less than one year from diagnosis. This volume is an excellent summary of much that is known about lung cancer. Its contents may be sorted into three major categories (1) histopathologic and growth features of lung cancers, (2) clinical presentations and techniques for diagnosis and evaluating the extent of the disease, and (3) therapeutic approaches, which include good reviews of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and the local complications of pleural effusion and superior vena caval obstruction. The 18 chapters covering these categories are bracketed by an opening chapter dealing with carcinogenesis in the lung and a closing chapter on prognostic factors in inoperable lung cancer. The
Collagenoma in Down syndrome
Authors: Y. Togawa, G. Nohira, H. Shinkai, A. Utani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Collagenoma in Down syndrome Get access Y. Togawa, Y. Togawa Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, 1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuou‐ku, Chiba 260–8670, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Nohira, G. Nohira Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, 1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuou‐ku, Chiba 260–8670, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Shinkai, H. Shinkai Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, 1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuou‐ku, Chiba 260–8670, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Utani A. Utani Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, 1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuou‐ku, Chiba 260–8670, Japan A.Utani E‐mail: utani@derma01.m.chiba‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Pages 596–597, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05209_5.x Published: 01 March 2003
Non-invasive techniques in the diagnosis of jaundice--ultrasound and computer.
Authors: P G Wheeler, A Theodossi, R Pickford, J Laws, R P Knill-Jones, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1979)

This study describes the use of ultrasound in 84 consecutive patients to distinguish between medical (intrahepatic) and surgical (extrahepatic) types of jaundice. Accuracy rates in the 84 patients investigated were compared with those found in 169 patients using the computer-aided diagnostic model for jaundice. In 50 patients in whom both techniques were carried out direct comparison was possible. Ultrasound failed to give adequate visualisation for technical reasons in two patients, but 75 of the remaining 82 (91.5%) were correctly separated into medical and surgical categories. A similar percentage (90%, 152 of 169 patients) were correctly classified by the computer-assisted model, and in the 50 patients assessed by both techniques correct diagnostic separation was achieved in 43 (86%) by ultrasound and in 42 (84%) by computer. However, in this latter group two of the errors with computer diagnosis were falsely positive for a surgical jaundice (extrahepatic obstruction), and a surgical exploration performed on the basis of this test could have been unnecessary. This was not found with ultrasound in these same patients, all the errors being false negative. A high degree of confidence can therefore be attached to the demonstration by ultrasound of a dilated biliary tree.
Managed Care and the Nurse Workforce
Authors: Peter I. Buerhaus
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To identify recent national trends in the employment and earnings of nursing personnel and determine whether managed care is associated with changes in the employment and wage growth of nursing personnel.Retrospective analysis of trends in data on employment and earnings of nursing personnel based on monthly US Bureau of the Census Current Population Surveys between 1983 and 1994, and comparison of trends between states with high and low rates of enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs).Registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and nurse aides/assistants, orderlies, and attendants (referred to collectively as aides) between the ages of 21 and 64 years.Full- and part-time employment, unemployment, percentage of nursing personnel employed in key sectors of the nurse labor market, and inflation-adjusted hourly wages.From 1983 through 1994, there was strong overall growth in both RN employment (37%) and inflation-adjusted wages (22%). Beginning in the early 1990s, however, RNs experienced stagnant wages and a small but steady shift toward employment in lower-paying nonhospital settings, particularly in home health care. In states with high HMO enrollment, RN and LPN employment has grown more slowly since 1990, and the shift of RN employment out of the hospital was strongest. For aides and LPNs, the shift out of hospital employment occurred years before that of RNs and at a much greater rate. Since 1990 the employment of aides has grown rapidly in nursing homes and in home health care settings, whereas employment of LPNs has shifted primarily into physician offices and nursing homes. Overall, the movement toward nonhospital employment has had a modest negative impact on wages for all nursing personnel.Managed care is associated with slower employment growth for RNs in hospitals and a shift toward employment in nonhospital settings, but its effect on earnings has been overshadowed by other forces impacting nurse wages.
EVALUATION OF CONTINUED THERAPY WITH PHENYTOIN SODIUM
Authors: LEON J. ROBINSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

The total results of all groups comprising the follow-up study of the initial group plus the follow-up study of the new group may be summarized as follows: Of 93 patients receiving phenobarbital (1½-10 grs.) for 5-44 months there was marked reduction of seizures in 15 per cent (14); moderate reduction in 20.4 per cent (19); and no reduction in 64.5 per cent (6o). Of 41 patients receiving phenytoin (1½-9 grs.) for 3-33 months there was marked reduction of seizures in 39 per cent (16); moderate reduction in 24.3 per cent (10); and no reduction in 36.5 per cent (15). Of 104 patients receiving phenobarbital combined with phenytoin there was marked reduction of seizures in 28.8 per cent (30); moderate reduction in 21.1 per cent (22); no reduction in 49.9 per cent (52). Analysis of the anticonvulsant effect obtained in 145 patients receiving phenytoin sodium, either alone or combined with phenobarbital during a period of 3-41 months, revealed marked reduction of seizures in 31.7 per cent; moderate reduction in 22 per cent; and poor results in 46.2 per cent. Although several patients were seizure-free for 4-26 consecutive months, these seizure-free intervals were interspersed with recurrence of seizures for at least one to several months, except in one case seizure-free for 38 consecutive months on a combination of 3 grains of phenytoin sodium and 1 grain of phenobarbital. Toxic reactions are discussed.
Graphene quantum dots as autophagy-inducing photodynamic agents
Authors: Zoran M. Markovic, Biljana Z. Ristic, Katarina M. Arsikin, Djordje G. Klisic, Ljubica M. Harhaji-Trajkovic, Biljana M. Todorovic-Markovic, Dejan P. Kepic, Tamara K. Kravic-Stevovic, Svetlana P. Jovanovic, Marina M. Milenkovic, Dusan D. Milivojevic, Vladimir Z. Bumbasirevic, Miroslav D. Dramicanin, Vladimir S. Trajkovic
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Stimulation and inhibition of proliferation in the small intestinal crypts of the mouse after in vivo administration of growth factors.
Authors: C S Potten, G Owen, D Hewitt, C A Chadwick, H Hendry, B I Lord, L B Woolford
Journal: Gut (1995)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Although prior studies have observed high resource use among patients with CKD, there is limited exploration of emergency department use in this population and the proportion of encounters related to CKD care specifically. <h3>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements</h3> We identified all adults (≥18 years old) with eGFR&lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (including dialysis-dependent patients) in Alberta, Canada between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011. Patients with CKD were linked to administrative data to capture clinical characteristics and frequency of emergency department encounters and followed until death or end of study (March 31, 2013). Within each CKD category, we calculated adjusted rates of overall emergency department use as well as rates of potentially preventable emergency department encounters (defined by four CKD-specific ambulatory care-sensitive conditions: heart failure, hyperkalemia, volume overload, and malignant hypertension). <h3>Results</h3> During mean follow-up of 2.4 years, 111,087 patients had 294,113 emergency department encounters; 64.2% of patients had category G3A CKD, and 1.6% were dialysis dependent. Adjusted rates of overall emergency department use were highest among patients with more advanced CKD; 5.8% of all emergency department encounters were for CKD-specific ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, with approximately one third resulting in hospital admission. Heart failure accounted for over 80% of all potentially preventable emergency department events among patients with categories G3A, G3B, and G4 CKD, whereas hyperkalemia accounted for almost one half (48%) of all ambulatory care-sensitive conditions among patients on dialysis. Adjusted rates of emergency department events for heart failure showed a U-shaped relationship, with the highest rates among patients with category G4 CKD. In contrast, there was a graded association between rates of emergency department use for hyperkalemia and CKD category. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Emergency department use is high among patients with CKD, although only a small proportion of these encounters is for potentially preventable CKD-related care. Strategies to reduce emergency department use among patients with CKD will, therefore, need to target conditions other than CKD-specific ambulatory care-sensitive conditions.