tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen and Viscosity as Risk Factors for Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Karl L. Resch, Edward Ernst, Arpad Matrai, Hans F. Paulsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To investigate whether abnormalities in blood viscosity predict a poor prognosis for subsequent cardiovascular events in stroke survivors. ▪ Design: Nested case-control study among a cohort of survivors of a first stroke, followed for an average of 2 years. Patients with a second stroke, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death were matched with patients who did not have such events (control patients). ▪ Setting: Buchberg-Klinik, Bad Tölz, Germany, a specialized center for stroke rehabilitation. ▪ Patients: A total of 625 consecutive patients. Twenty-one patients (3.5%) were lost to follow-up. Sixty pairs were matched. ▪ Measurements: Native and hematocrit-standardized blood viscosity at three shear rates, hematocrit, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count, and the matching variables. ▪ Results: Eighty-five patients had a second stroke, myocardial infarction, or died due to a cardiovascular event. Patients with re-events had higher blood viscosity and fibrinogen levels than the control patients. In the 60 matched pairs, the mean of the paired differences between patients with re-events and control patients was 5.03 mPa · s (95% Cl, 1.262 to 8.941; P = 0.01) for native blood viscosity at shear rate 0.7 s-1, for plasma viscosity, 0.044 mPa · s (Cl, 0.006 to 0.083; P > 0.02), and for fibrinogen, 0.056 g/L (Cl, 0.010 to 0.101; P > 0.02). Odds ratios were significantly increased only for plasma viscosity (odds ratio, 2.86; Cl, 1.06 to 8.43) and fibrinogen (odds ratio, 3.67; Cl, 1.31 to 11.69). ▪ Conclusions: Hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in stroke survivors. Intervention trials with fibrinogen lowering measures may be warranted.
THE NOGUCHI SERUM REACTION FOR SYPHILIS AS AN AID TO DIAGNOIS IN EYE LESIONS
Authors: ALBERT E. BULSON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The serum diagnosis of syphilis as given to the world by Wassermann, Neisser and Bruck1in 1906, has now become a well-established diagnostic method, generally used in all medical centers, and has proved of value in all fields of medicine.  The Wassermann method is an adaptation of the Bordet-Gengou phenomenon of complement deviation, in which the hemolytic system consists of a suspension of washed red blood cells of the sheep, hemolytic amboceptor made by immunizing rabbits to sheep's red blood cells, and as complement fresh guinea-pig serum. For syphilitic antibody the serum from suspected patients is used, and for antigen a watery extract of a liver of congenital syphilis known to be rich inSpirochaeta pallida.  It has been pointed out that there is one factor of error in this method due to the fact that there is in human serum a variable amount of natural antisheep amboceptor which
Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor κB
Authors: Emira Ayroldi, Graziella Migliorati, Stefano Bruscoli, Cristina Marchetti, Ornella Zollo, Lorenza Cannarile, Francesca D'Adamio, Carlo Riccardi
Journal: Blood (2001)
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: Slava Berger, Doron Aronson, Peretz Lavie, Lena Lavie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Rationale: Mobilization and functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Yet, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with AMI.Objectives: To compare EPC numbers and functions in patients with AMI with SDB (AMI-SDB) and without SDB (AMI-only) and to determine the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) in vitro on EPC proliferative and angiogenic properties.Methods: Forty male patients with AMI underwent a whole-night sleep study using ambulatory monitoring. Nineteen had SDB (oxygen desaturation index > 5 events/h). AMI-SDB and AMI-only patients were matched by age, body mass index, blood chemistry, and comorbidities. Blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, endothelial cell colony-forming units (EC-CFU), paracrine measures, blood chemistry, and oxidative stress, inflammatory, and angiogenic markers. Effects of IH in vitro were studied in 12 healthy subjects.Measurements and Main Results: Circulating EPCs (CD34+/KDR+), angiogenic T cells (CD3+/CD31+/CXCR4+), and vascular endothelial growth factor in monocytes were significantly higher in AMI-SDB patients, whereas plasma stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α levels were significantly lower. Also, EC-CFU numbers and EC-CFU paracrine effects on endothelial tube formation were significantly higher in AMI-SDB compared with AMI-only patients. Similarly, in cell cultures from healthy subjects, EC-CFU numbers and their paracrine effects on endothelial tube formation were increased after exposure to IH in vitro compared with normoxia.Conclusions: Coexistent mild to moderate SDB in patients with AMI increased the mobilization, proliferative and angiogenic capacities of EPCs, angiogenic T-cell numbers, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in monocytes compared with patients with AMI without SDB. IH in vitro had similar effects on healthy EPC functions.
Socioeconomic variation in hysterectomy up to age 52: national, population based, prospective cohort study
Authors: S. F Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

We have previously reported striking inverse social gradients in the risk of hysterectomy in a large national cohort of women born in England, Scotland, or Wales followed since their birth in March 1946 until the age of 43 years. 1 This cohort has now been followed to age 52 years, and the cumulative hysterectomy risk has doubled (from 10% to 21%).We examined whether the social gradient in hysterectomy attenuated among women between the ages of 43 and 52 years.
Joint cooperative hunting among wild chimpanzees: Taking natural observations seriously
Authors: Christophe Boesch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Ignoring most published evidence on wild chimpanzees, Tomasello et al.'s claim that shared goals and intentions are uniquely human amounts to a faith statement. A brief survey of chimpanzee hunting tactics shows that group hunts are compatible with a shared goals and intentions hypothesis. The disdain of observational data in experimental psychology leads some to ignore the reality of animal cognitive achievements.
Reversible bone marrow hypoplasia induced by alcohol
Authors: Shinji Nakao, Mine Harada, Kunio Kondo, Noriaki Mizushima, Tamotsu Matsuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

A 51-year-old man developed severe pancytopenia with bone marrow hypoplasia after consuming excessive amounts of alcohol for many years. After avoiding alcohol and eating normally for about 10 days, his blood cell counts promptly recovered to near-normal levels. Hematologic remission had lasted for 7 months until he began to drink alcohol excessively again, leading to a relapse of pancytopenia with marrow hypoplasia. His blood cell counts attained near-normal levels again after abstaining from alcohol for about a month. He developed thrombocytopenia following moderate ingestion of alcohol 7 months later, but he never developed severe pancytopenia after limiting alcohol ingestion. When bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patient and normal volunteers were cultured in the presence of ethanol, CFU-GM-derived colony formation of the patient was inhibited by much lower concentrations of ethanol than that of normal volunteers. The clinical course of the patient and the greater sensitivity of the patient's CFU-GM to ethanol toxicities indicate that massive intake of alcohol was responsible for bone marrow hypoplasia observed in this patient.
Laxative-induced Diarrhoea: A Continuing Clinical Problem
Authors: J. H. Cummings, G. E. Sladen, O. F. W. James, M. Sarner, J. J. Misiewicz
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Seven women spent an average of 127 days in hospital and were extensively investigated, including a laparotomy, before their complaints of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss were shown to be due to excessive taking of laxatives. All denied taking laxatives and in none were the characteristic features of the effects of cathartics on the colon seen on sigmoidoscopy or radiological examination.Hypokalaemia and other electrolyte abnormalities were common and were thought to be due to a combination of severe diarrhoea and vomiting. The rectal mucosa was seen to be abnormal on biopsy only in the three patients who had taken senna preparations. The diagnosis was not easy and was finally established either by analysis of the urine and stools or by searching the patient's ward locker.
Incidence of asthma in adults ? report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study
Authors: E. Rönmark, B. Lundbäck, E. Jonsson, A.‐C. Jonsson, M. Lindström, T. Sandström
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Incidence studies offer a better opportunity to study risk factors for asthma than do prevalence studies. However, regular prospective follow‐ups of large cohorts are difficult to perform, and that is why direct measurement of the incidence rate of asthma is almost impossible. Thus, cross‐sectional follow‐up studies of defined cohorts can be used to provide data on incidence. In 1986, a postal questionnaire survey on respiratory symptoms and diseases was performed in the northernmost province of Sweden. The population sample comprised all subjects born in 1919—20, 1934—5, and 1949—50 in eight representative areas of the province, which comprises 25% of the total area of Sweden. Completed answers were given by 5698 subjects (86%) of the 6610 subjects invited to the study. In 1992, the cohort was invited to a follow‐up survey during the same season as in 1986, and 6215 subjects were traced. Of the 5393 subjects who answered the questionnaire, 4932 had participated in the 1986 survey, or 87% of those who participated in 1986. For the period 1986—92, the cumulative incidences of asthma were 4.9 and 5.0%, respectively, as assessed by the questions, “Have you ever had asthma?” and “Have you been diagnosed as having asthma by a physician?” Thus, the results indicate a mean annual cumulative incidence of asthma of 0.8%. After correction of the results for subjects who were diagnosed as having asthma in the clinical part later in the 1986 study, the mean annual cumulative incidence of asthma was found to be 0.5%. Risk factors were family history of asthma (OR 3.46) and current and former smoking, while female sex was a strong trend.
Is urinary albumin excretion an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study
Authors: Kristian Wachtell, Michael H. Olsen, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B. Devereux, Stevo Julius, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Markku S. Nieminen, Peter M. Okin, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Hans Ibsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Impact of NHS walk-in centres on primary care access times: ecological study
Authors: Ravi Maheswaran, Tim Pearson, James Munro, Moyez Jiwa, Michael J Campbell, Jon Nicholl
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To examine whether walk-in centres contribute to shorter waiting times for a general practice appointment. Design Ecological study. Setting 2509 general practices in 56 primary care trusts in England; 32 walk-in centres within 3 km of one of these practices. Main outcome measure Waiting time to next available general practitioner appointment (April 2003 to December 2004), from national monthly primary care access survey. Results The percentage of practices achieving the target waiting time of less than 48 hours to see a general practitioner increased from 67% to 87% over the 21 month study period (adjusted odds ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.08) per increase in month). Achievement of the waiting time target decreased with increasing multiple deprivation (0.57 (0.49 to 0.67) for most versus least deprived third) and increased with increasing practice population size (1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) per 1000 increase). No evidence was found that increasing distance from a walk-in centre was associated with decreasing odds of achieving the waiting time target (1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) per km increase). Increasing "exposure" to a walk-in centre, modelled with a distance decay function based on attendance rates, also showed little evidence of association with achievement of the waiting time target (1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) for interquartile range increase). No evidence existed that the rate of increase in achieving the 48 hour target over time was enhanced by proximity or "exposure" to a walk-in centre. Results were similar when the analysis was rerun with data for 2003 only (done because pressure in 2004 to meet the government's deadline might have led to other changes that could have masked any walk-in centre effect). Conclusions No evidence existed that walk-in centres shortened waiting times for access to primary care, and the results do not support the use of walk-in centres for this purpose.
Dobutamine-Atropine Stress Echocardiography for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Steven C. Smart, Thomas Knickelbine, Fayaz Malik, Kiran B. Sagar
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Left ventricular hypertrophy is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct morphologies. Changes in wall thickness, left ventricular chamber diameter, and mass alter systolic wall stress of the left ventricle and may influence ischemic threshold. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the different patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy on the accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography. Methods and Results —Three-hundred eighty-six patients underwent multistage dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography and diagnostic angiography. Echocardiograms were measured for mean and relative wall thicknesses, chamber size, left ventricular mass, and end-systolic wall stress. The patterns of ventricular hypertrophy were concentric hypertrophy (increased wall thickness and mass), eccentric hypertrophy (normal wall thickness and increased mass), and concentric remodeling (increased wall thickness and normal mass). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease were 85%, 87%, and 86%, respectively. Increased left ventricular mass index alone did not affect accuracy. Sensitivity was markedly reduced (36%) only in those with concentric remodeling. The univariate predictors of false-negative studies were single-vessel left circumflex disease, increased wall thickness, small chamber size, hyperdynamic ejection fraction, and left ventricular concentric remodeling. Multivariate predictors were concentric remodeling ( P &lt;0.0001; odds ratio, 13.5), left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;2 SD above normal ( P &lt;0.0001), and single-vessel left circumflex disease ( P &lt;0.0007; odds ratio, 7.6). Sensitivity was excellent in patients with small ventricles and normal wall thickness and in those with normal or large chambers regardless of wall thickness. Conclusions —Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography is an accurate test in most patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, but it is insensitive in the small subset with concentric remodeling.
Long-term hazards of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
Authors: J E Huff, J A Moore, R Saracci, L Tomatis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

During January 10-11, 1978 in Lyon, France, a joint National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/International Agency for Research on Cancer ad hoc Working Group considered and discussed the feasibility of coordinating epidemiological studies on the long-term hazards associated with the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs and and PCDFs). Nineteen invited scientists from eight countries presented introductory working papers summarizing the most up-to-date and relevant information available from their individual programs. This report represents the collective views and scientific opinions of the Working Group. The greater part of this document comprises epidemiological studies related to episodes of human exposures. The review begins with a brief section concerning possible routes of human exposure, an overview of the pertinent chemical characteristics, and the salient toxicological properties of the structurally similar PCDDs/PCDFs. The Working Group report ends with recommendations for future activities.
PD2-3-3: High correspondence between EGFR mutations in tissue and in circulating DNA form non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p) with poor performance status (PS)
Authors: Maria Teresa Moran, José M. Sánchez, Dolores Isla, Manuel Cobo, Luis Paz-Ares, Silvia Catot, Ulpiano Jiménez, Pilar Diz, Miguel Taron, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Tuberculosis contact tracing.
Authors: P. D. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1992)

sampling error (probably the most important single cause of lack of correlation between histo- logical and cytological findings).Negative results ofsmear tests in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III have also been attributed to sampling error.We believe that the argument of progression and sampling error also applies to many cases of mild dyskaryosis in which biopsy specimens taken after some follow up period or at the time of the smear test show cervical intra- epithelial neoplasia grade III.
IRX1 hypomethylation promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via induction of CXCL14/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Jinchang Lu, Guohui Song, Qinglian Tang, Changye Zou, Feng Han, Zhiqiang Zhao, Bicheng Yong, Junqiang Yin, Huaiyuan Xu, Xianbiao Xie, Tiebang Kang, YingLee Lam, Huiling Yang, Jingnan Shen, Jin Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Osteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor with a propensity to metastasize to the lungs. Epigenetic abnormalities have been demonstrated to underlie osteosarcoma development; however, the epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in metastasis are not yet clear. Here, we analyzed 2 syngeneic primary human osteosarcoma cell lines that exhibit disparate metastatic potential for differences in epigenetic modifications and expression. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and microarray expression analysis to screen for metastasis-associated genes, we identified Iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1). In both human osteosarcoma cell lines and clinical osteosarcoma tissues, IRX1 overexpression was strongly associated with hypomethylation of its own promoter. Furthermore, experimental modulation of IRX1 in osteosarcoma cell lines profoundly altered metastatic activity, including migration, invasion, and resistance to anoikis in vitro, and influenced lung metastasis in murine models. These prometastatic effects of IRX1 were mediated by upregulation of CXCL14/NF-κB signaling. In serum from osteosarcoma patients, the presence of IRX1 hypomethylation in circulating tumor DNA reduced lung metastasis-free survival. Together, these results identify IRX1 as a prometastatic gene, implicate IRX1 hypomethylation as a potential molecular marker for lung metastasis, and suggest that epigenetic reversion of IRX1 activation may be beneficial for controlling osteosarcoma metastasis.
Monovalent and Divalent Ions in Vascular Tissue
Authors: SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Steep transmembrane concentration gradients in vascular smooth muscle for all ions are maintained by energy-requiring pumps. The Na+ gradient appears to dominate the distribution of the other ions primarily because it controls cell hydration and energizes the transport of sugars, amino acids, and Ca++, Mg++, and H+. The Na+ gradient is a closely regulated constant (about ten to one) and is not perturbed except by changes in the limited permeability of the vascular smooth muscle membrane to Na+ or in the activity of its transport enzyme, the Na+-K+ATPase. Increased permeability to Na+ has been seen in vascular smooth muscle and in erythrocytes in salt-dependent forms of experimental hypertension, as well as in essential hypertension. A compensatory increase in Na+ transport (extrusion) has been seen. This increase in transport can be produced by a moderate increase in aldosterone acting alone or by a lesser increase acting synergistically with vasopressin.
Changing Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Incidence Among Pima Indians
Authors: Meda E. Pavkov, Robert L. Hanson, William C. Knowler, Peter H. Bennett, Jonathan Krakoff, Robert G. Nelson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The rising prevalence of obesity and high prevalence of diabetes among Pima Indians suggest that the incidence of diabetes has risen over time. We examined trends in the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes among Pima Indians between 1965 and 2003.Incidence rates were computed independently in three 13-year time periods in Pima Indians aged > or = 5 years. Diabetes was defined by the presence of at least one of two criteria: 1) 2-h plasma glucose concentration > or = 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) or 2) hypoglycemic treatment.Among 8,236 subjects without diabetes at baseline, 1,005 incident cases occurred during follow-up. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of diabetes were 25.3 cases/1,000 patient-years (95% CI 22.5-28.0) in 1965-1977, 22.9 cases/1,000 patient years (20.0-25.8) in 1978-1990, and 23.5 cases/1,000 patient years (20.5-26.5) in 1991-2003 (P = 0.3). The incidence rate in subjects aged 5-14 years was 5.7 (1.9-17.4) times as high in the last as in the first period, but the rate declined in those aged 25-34 years (incidence rate ratio 0.6 [0.4-0.8]). Sex-adjusted prevalence increased significantly over time only in those aged 5-24 years (P(trend) < 0.0001).The overall incidence of diabetes among Pima Indians remained stable over the past four decades, with a significant rise occurring only in the youth.