tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heart Transplantation–Associated Perioperative Ischemic Myocardial Injury
Authors: Billie Fyfe, Evan Loh, Gayle L. Winters, Gregory S. Couper, Alex I. Kartashov, Frederick J. Schoen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The frequency and clinical significance of perioperative ischemic myocardial injury (PIMI) after heart transplantation and the diagnostic features distinguishing PIMI from rejection are not well defined. Methods and Results We evaluated PIMI in the first four weekly endomyocardial biopsies and/or autopsy myocardium from 140 consecutive orthotopic heart transplantation recipients (1984 to 1991) by grading the severity of coagulative myocyte necrosis (CMN) as absent, 0; mild-focal, 1; moderate-multifocal, 2; or severe-confluent, 3, and determining the evolution of morphological features of its healing. CMN (often with contraction bands) was noted in 124 patients (89%); 24 patients (17%) had grade 3 CMN, of which 4 died within 30 days of transplantation. Nevertheless, at 1 year after surgery, survival was similar in patients with and without severe injury. Increased cold ischemic time but neither donor age nor intensity of inotropic support correlated with more severe early ischemic injury. PIMI inflammation was characterized by a predominantly polymorphonuclear/histiocytic infiltrate that contained lymphocytes and plasma cells, expanding the interstitium but not encroaching upon and separable from adjacent viable myocytes. Histological features of PIMI developed and resolved more slowly than those of typical myocardial infarct necrosis in nonimmunosuppressed patients; at 4 weeks, CMN persisted in 20% of patients and residual healing in nearly half. Diagnostic rejection was observed concurrently with PIMI in 54 of 533 biopsies (10%). Conclusions Diagnosed by conventional histological criteria, PIMI is prevalent early after heart transplantation and has a protracted healing phase that can mimic or coexist with rejection. Extensive PIMI has deleterious impact on short-term survival, but the long-term impact of PIMI remains to be established.
Treatment of Brain Disease with Dietary Precursors of Neurotransmitters
Authors: JOHN H. GROWDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A growing number of brain diseases are characterized by decreased levels of one or more of the neurotransmitters. Recent experimental evidence indicates that nutritional factors strongly influence the regulation of two of these neurotransmitters, serotonin and acetylcholine. As a result, attempts are now being made to treat diseases associated with low levels of serotonin or acetylcholine by administering their dietary precursors, tryptophan and choline, respectively. This treatment may increase the amount of the deficient neurotransmitter at synapses and produce clinical benefit. Such efforts to elevate brain neurotransmitter levels with a naturally occurring precursor represent a new approach in medical therapeutics and will probably continue. We review the scientific basis for such treatment and show that brain levels of serotonin and acetylcholine depend upon the amounts of tryptophan and choline available to the brain; these, in turn, fluctuate according to dietary factors.
Self referral for cancer tests is to be piloted in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Patients will have the option to refer themselves for diagnostic tests without going through a GP as part of an early diagnosis programme for cancer, NHS England has announced.

It also announced that a new independent taskforce will develop a five year action plan for cancer services to improve survival rates and that stereotactic ablative radiotherapy will be made more widely available to patients with cancer in England.

The early diagnosis programme, run jointly with Cancer Research UK and Macmillan Cancer Support, will test new approaches to expedite cancer diagnosis. The programme has identified more than 60 potential projects to tackle late diagnosis, which will be led locally by NHS teams. They will be evaluated and then could be implemented nationally from 2016-17.

The projects include giving GPs direct access to diagnostic tests, such as computerised tomography and ultrasonography, lowering referral thresholds for GPs, and creating bespoke clinics …
Renal Venous Renin Determinations in the Diagnosis of Surgically Correctable Hypertension
Authors: ANNETTE FITZ
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Renin activity in renal vein plasma was measured in six normal subjects and 59 hypertensive patients. The average renin value in renal venous plasma in normal subjects was the same as that found in patients with essential hypertension and renal parenchymal hypertension. Renal venous renin levels were markedly elevated in patients with significant renal lesions who were improved by surgery but were normal in patients with insignificant renal artery stenosis. We defined an abnormal renal vein renin level as one which is higher than 4.1 ng/ml of plasma, the highest normal, and which is also more than twice as great as the level obtained from the opposite kidney. On 19 patients who were operated upon for renal hypertension, there were no "false positive tests," and two "false negative tests." One patient with essential hypertension had abnormal values by these standards. Since occasional "false positive" and "false negative" results occur, we presently recommend that this test be used with, but not to the exclusion of, other tests of renal function in preoperative evaluations. As experience with the test increases, and as more prospective studies are done, it may prove to be the single most useful device to predict surgical success in patients with renal artery and renal parenchymal hypertension.
The onset of sodium retention in experimental cirrhosis in rat is related to a critical threshold of liver function
Authors: Georg Wensing, Ramzi Sabra, Robert A. Branch
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Although sodium retention is a common coplication in advanced liver disease, the relationship between liver and kidney function in cirrhosis has not been well established. The objective of this study was to investigate this relationship in an experimental model of cirrhosis induced in phenobarbital–treated rats by weekly intragatric adminstration of carbon terachloride. Liver function, measured by the aminopyrine breath test, and urinary sodium excretion on a constant salt diet, were measured weekly. Administation of carbon tetrachloride led to cirrhosis, sodium retention, ascites and a reduction in liver function as measured by the amino pyrine breath test in all 15 rats surviving the first 8 wk. The time to develop sodium retention (defined as a decridese in urinary sodium excretion rate to less than 0.3 mmol/24 hr) varied from 9 to 19 wk. The aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination was reduced from 24 × 10 -3 min -2 2 × 10 -3 at the start of carbon tetrachloride administration by 61% ± 10% at the time sodium retention occurrred. A linear decrease was seen in aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination in the weeks preceding the onset of sodium retention. Sodium retention occurred when aminopyrine breath test rate contant of elimination was reduced to a critical threshold of 10 × 10 -3 ± 1 × 10 -3 min -1 , and then permitted to recover above this level by withdrawal of carbon tetrachloride. Sodium retention occurred when the aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination fell below the threshold; this was followed by spontaneous diuresis when aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimnation in the weeks preceding the onset of sodium retention. Sodium retention occurred when aminopyrine breath test rate contant of elimination was reduced to a critical threshold of 10 × 10 -3 ± 1 × 10 -3 min -1 , and then permitted to recover above this level by withdrawal of carbon tetrachloride. Sodium retention occurred when the aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination fell below the treshold: this was followed by spontaneous diuresiss when aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination improved above 10 × 10 -3 ± 1 × 10 -3 min -1 . the onset of sodium retention preceded the onset of ascites in all rats. Theses results indicate a critical threshold of hepatic function in the phenobarbital, carbon terachloride model of cirrhosis, below which sodium retention followed by ascites formation occurs.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:779–786.)
A SIMPLE AND INEXPENSIVE DEVICE TO PREVENT THE CONTAMINATION OF STERILE SOLUTIONS
Authors: A. G. BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Sterile solutions are often put into carefully sterilized bottles, closed by sterile stoppers and then set away. By the time the solutions are to be used dust has collected on the lips of the bottles and in pouring out the contents the germs are washed off and the solutions are no longer sterile. Wiping the top of the bottle, at best, removes only part of the germs and drops the rest of them directly into the bottle. Then the stopper is laid down on some unsterile surface and, loaded with microorganisms, is returned to the bottle. To obviate this I have devised a simple inexpensive device, so simple, in fact, that I hesitate to present it. From a piece of heavy rubber sheeting (that from a hotwater bottle answers best) cut a round piece, of such size that when placed over the mouth of the bottle the edges project somewhat. Then cut a small round hole in the center, of such size that the rubber
Effects of Bemegride on Barbiturate Overdosage in Humans
Authors: S. Gershon, F. H. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Shaw et al. (1954) and Shulman et al. (1955) have shown that bemegride (/3-ethyl-/3-methylglutarimide) is a valu- able and effective barbiturate antagonist.Since then
Abnormal Uptake of Tc-99m MIBI, A Novel Myocardial Imaging Agent, in the Lungs of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: MICHAEL RICHARD, DARRIN COX, LINDA EARLE, JOHN VARGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Objective Fibrosing alveolitis is a prominent feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc), and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Sensitive techniques for the detection and monitoring of fibrosing alveolitis could target patients for early therapeutic intervention. The objective of this small pilot study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of abnormal lung uptake of Tc-99m MIBI, a novel radionuclide imaging agent that selectively accumulates in cells rich in mitochondria. Methods Sixteen patients with SSc and evidence of pulmonary involvement were studied. The uptake of radionuclide in the lungs, and the ratio of pulmonary to cardiac uptake were evaluated after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MIBI. Results were correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters. Results Lung uptake of Tc-99m MIBI was increased in all 16 SSc patients compared to control patients with coronary heart disease but no evidence of pulmonary abnormality. The degree of isotope uptake in the lungs was correlated with the extent of maximal skin induration and with radiologic evidence of interstitial lung disease, but not with other clinical or laboratory parameters of disease activity or extent of pulmonary involvement. The ratio of pulmonary to cardiac uptake of isotope was also increased in patients with SSc compared to controls. Conclusion Accumulation of Tc-99m MIBI is abnormally elevated in the lungs of SSc patients with pulmonary involvement. Isotope accumulation in the lungs may be related to activation of fibroblasts or endothelial cells. The specificity and sensitivity of Tc-99m MIBI scanning in the detection and monitoring of pulmonary involvement, and its potential role in the management of SSc, deserve further investigation.
Cyanopuon Laryngis: Thyroiditis with Blue Suppuration
Authors: G. D. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1873)

structure of the body, growing in the same proportion as the part of the body on which it is placed, as well described by Sir James Paget in his Lectures on Surgical Patlhology, vol.i, page 49, where he observes that " the scar of the child, when once completely formed, commonly grows as the body does, at the same rate and according to the same general rule; so that a scar which the child might have said was as long as his own forefinger, will still be as long as his forefinger when he grows to be a man."We have no evidence to show that the cicatrix-tissue is ever absorbed, or undergoes any process of wasting, by which the scar could be said to wear out ; on the contrary, the rule appears to be, that the cicatrix, once formed, if even not more than a line in width, never wears out, but remains as a permanent tissue, renewing itself by assimilation and growing with the rest of the body.There are two reasons for this permanency of cicatrix-tissue: Ist, that the tissue is sufficiently well-organised to be able to maintain itself in the general nutrition of the body; 2ndly, that the cicatrix-tissue is so widely different from the structure of the true skin, that it never can become assimilated to it, or resemble it, either in the naked eye or microscopic appearances.
Factors influencing recovery from headache after common whiplash.
Authors: B P Radanov, M Sturzenegger, G Di Stefano, A Schnidrig, M Aljinovic
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relation between pretraumatic and trauma related headache in patients suffering from whiplash. DESIGN--Follow up study of patients examined a mean (SD) of 7.4 (4.2) days after trauma and again at three and six months. SETTING--Patients referred from primary care. SUBJECTS--117 patients (mean age 30.8 (9.5) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of trauma related headache and the predictive relation by multiple logistic regression between different somatic and psychological variables and trauma related headache at each examination. RESULTS--Prevalence of trauma related headache decreased from 57% to 27%. History of pretraumatic headache proved a significant risk factor for presenting with trauma related headache. A significant relation between trauma related headache and the following variables was found: at seven days the initial wellbeing score, early onset of neck pain, depression scale from the personality inventory, and the initial intensity of neck pain; at three months, intensity of neck pain, and history of pretraumatic headache; and at six months neck pain, pain intensity, and history of pretraumatic headache. CONCLUSIONS--History of pretraumatic headache significantly increases the likelihood of presenting with trauma related headache but only in combination with findings indicative of clinically important injury to the cervical spine.
Articulatory evidence for syllabic structure
Authors: K. G. Munhall, J. A. Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Because the evolution of speech production is beyond our expertise (and perhaps beyond everyone's expertise) we restrict our comments to areas in which data actually exist. We provide articulatory evidence consistent with the claims made about syllable structure in adult speech and infant babbling, but we also voice some disagreement about speech errors and the typing data.
Accessory spleen in recurrent chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: T. Facon, M. T. Caulier, P. Fenaux, L. Plantier, X. Marchandise, M. Ribet, J. P. Jouet, F. Bauters
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract From 1969 to 1985 we discovered accessory spleens in 8 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who relapsed or failed after splenectomy. Imaging of accessory spleen used a liver spleen scintigraphy with heat‐treated RBC labeled with Tc‐99m. Platelet kinetic studies with 51 Cr or 111 In, including sequestration index, were performed. Five patients had accessory splenectomy. Disappearance of bleeding symptoms was achieved in the 5 splenectomized patients but with only partial response of platelet counts. These results are discussed in the context of diagnosis and therapeutic management of accessory spleens in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura who relapsed or failed afler splenectomy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory symptoms and atopy in children in Aberdeen: questionnaire studies of a defined school population repeated over 35 years
Authors: Anne Devenny, Heather Wassall, Titus Ninan, Maeda Omran, Suleman Daud Khan, George Russell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In westernised countries, up to a third of children currently have asthma.Part of this "epidemic" has resulted from a change in diagnostic criteria.In Aberdeen in 1964, asthma was diagnosed in 73 of 261 (28%) participating children with wheeze, in 1989 in 331 of 675 (49%), 1 and in 1994 in 654 of 1025 (64%). 2 Thus, even if the prevalence of wheeze had remained constant, the prevalence of diagnosed asthma would have increased, supporting the view that the recent increases in childhood asthma are explained by changing diagnostic fashion 3 as well as changes in underlying symptoms.Although a weakness of these studies is their lack of objective measurements, such as bronchial hyper-reactivity, they do include items on suggestive symptoms and thus do not rely entirely on varying fashions in medical diagnosis.Current trends in the prevalence of childhood asthma and asthma-like symptoms vary from clear increases in some countries to stabilisation or even a fall in others. 4We examined the situation in the United Kingdom by doing a further study in Aberdeen, using the same protocol as in 1989 1 and 1994. 2
Nabilone and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: PAUL STARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1982Nabilone and Cancer ChemotherapyPAUL STARK, PH.D.PAUL STARK, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-1-122_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest the review article on chemotherapy-induced emesis (1). Of particular concern, however, was the mention on p. 355 that: "Nabilone has been at least temporarily suspended from use because of neurotoxicity produced in dogs after prolonged use of high doses."Although that statement was accurate, it no longer applies. The observed neurotoxicity was species-specific for dogs because of a unique metabolic process. This was verified through 1-year toxicologic studies in monkeys at the identical doses used in the dog studies. Once the toxicologic studies had reaffirmed the safety of nabilone (Cesamet; Eli Lilly...References1. SEIGELLONGO LD. The control of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:352-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HERMANEINHORNJONES TLS. Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperzaine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1295-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL STARK, PH.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEmerging therapies in the management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)Studies on thermo-mechanical and electrical properties and densities of poly(R,R′,4,4′-cyclohexylidene diphenylene diphenyl ether-4,4′-disulfonate)Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting, Part 2 1 January 1982Volume 96, Issue 1Page: 122-122KeywordsCancer chemotherapyMetabolic processesSafetySafety studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: Magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome
Authors: Ramesh Kumar, None Shalimar, Vikram Bhatia, Shankar Khanal, V. Sreenivas, Datta S. Gupta, Subrat K. Panda, Subrat K. Acharya
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)–associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the commonest drug-induced ALF in South Asia. Prospective studies on ATT-ALF are lacking. The current study prospectively evaluated the magnitude, clinical course, outcome, and prognostic factors in ATT-ALF. From January 1986 to January 2009, 1223 consecutive ALF patients were evaluated: ATT alone was the cause in 70 (5.7%) patients. Another 15 (1.2%) had ATT and simultaneous hepatitis virus infection. In 44 (62.8%) patients, ATT was prescribed empirically without definitive evidence of tuberculosis. ATT-ALF patients were younger (32.87 [±15.8] years), and 49 (70%) of them were women. Most had hyperacute presentation; the median icterus encephalopathy interval was 4.5 (0-30) days. The median duration of ATT before ALF was 30 (7-350) days. At presentation, advanced encephalopathy and cerebral edema were present in 51 (76%) and 29 (41.4%) patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal bleed, seizures, infection, and acute renal failure were documented in seven (10%), five (7.1%), 26 (37.1%), and seven (10%) patients, respectively. Compared with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and non-A non-E–induced ALF, ATT-ALF patients had nearly similar presentations except for older age and less elevation of liver enzymes. The mortality rate among patients with ATT-ALF was high (67.1%, n = 47), and only 23 (32.9%) patients recovered with medical treatment. In multivariate analysis, three factors independently predicted mortality: serum bilirubin (≥10.8 mg/dL), prothrombin time (PT) prolongation (≥26 seconds), and grade III/IV encephalopathy at presentation. Conclusion: ATT-ALF constituted 5.7% of ALF at our center and had a high mortality rate. Because the mortality rate is so high, determining which factors are predictors is less important. A high proportion of patients had consumed ATT empirically, which could have been prevented. Hepatology 2010
Blood to be screened for CJD
Authors: J. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Blood to be screened for CJD Concern about the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) has prompted Britain's blood supplier to tighten its donor screening process.As of this month, the National Blood Authority began questioning potential donors about their family history.Those people whose siblings, parents, or grandparents have developed the disease and people who have been treated with human growth hormone will be pre- vented from donating.The decision to question potential donors follows the discovery that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) may be transferred from cow to calf (10 August, p 317).While the method of transfer is unknown, there is concern that it could be bloodbome.There is no evidence at present to indicate whether CJD, the human equivalent of BSE, can be contracted through the blood.
ANEURYSM OF THE CONCAVITY OF THE TRANSVERSE ARCH, APPEARING EXTERNALLY AS A LARGE TUMOR IN THE REGION OF THE HEART.
Authors: H. W. McLAUTHLIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Charles M., aged 52 years, musician, entered the Arapahoe County Hospital, Denver, March 9, 1898. His mother died of cancer, at the age of 70 years, and a sister of his mother died of phthisis. He had been given to dissipation, contracting syphilis when about 20 years old, and he was addicted to drink. He had contracted gonorrhea several times. During the last fifteen years he had had some rheumatism. He said his present trouble commenced four months before, with a bad cold acccompanied by a severe cough, at which time a swelling appeared in the left chest, which had gradually increased. The tumor had been tender and attended by shooting pains, moderate in character and confined chiefly to the region of the swelling. About two months before entering the hospital he became short of breath and this had increased so that he could with difficulty move