tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Italy starts trials for controversial cancer treatment
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A controversial cancer treatment will be given experimentally to 2600 patients with cancer in 21 hospitals around Italy after massive pressure from patients and the media. The treatment—based on a cocktail of drugs, including somatostatin and melatonin—has been developed by Professor Luigi Di Bella.

Professor Di Bella, aged 86, formerly held a temporary position as professor of physiology at the University of Modena. He has presented his protocol at a few meetings but has not published his research in a peer reviewed journal. Professor Di Bella says that he has been using the approach for more than 25 years and it is effective against all cancers without any side effects. He …
Pediatric Plastic Surgery
Authors: Desmond A. Kernahan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A comprehensive textbook on plastic surgery in children is long overdue, and this handsome two-volume work with contributions from 83 authors will prove useful as a reference to all those with interest in the field, both plastic surgeons and others. The text is divided into six sections. The first deals with basic sciences and physiology of the pediatric patient. Included are chapters on such basic considerations as anesthesia, fluid and electrolyte management, hemostasis, and scars. The next five sections discuss the various regions of the body. The embryology, genetics, and physiology of each area are first discussed, followed by chapters describing the treatment of conditions in the various areas. There are 28 chapters on the head and neck alone. The chapters on embryology, craniofacial growth, and cephalometry are particularly valuable. Others are variable, some being quite extensive, including descriptions of several surgical procedures, while others are quite sketchy and presuppose
Nonoptimal Lipids Commonly Present in Young Adults and Coronary Calcium Later in Life: The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Dyslipidemia causes coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly adults, but the consequences of lipid exposure during young adulthood are unclear. Objective: To assess whether nonoptimal lipid levels during young adulthood cause atherosclerotic changes that persist into middle age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 4 cities in the United States. Participants: 3258 participants from the 5115 black and white men and women recruited at age 18 to 30 years in 1985 to 1986 for the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Measurements: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and coronary calcium. Time-averaged cumulative exposures to lipids between age 20 and 35 years were estimated by using repeated serum lipid measurements over 20 years in the CARDIA study; these measurements were then related to coronary calcium scores assessed later in life (45 years [SD, 4]). Results: 2824 participants (87%) had nonoptimal levels of LDL cholesterol (≥2.59 mmol/L [≥100 mg/dL]), HDL cholesterol (<1.55 mmol/L [<60 mg/dL]), or triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L [≥150 mg/dL]) during young adulthood. Coronary calcium prevalence 2 decades later was 8% in participants who maintained optimal LDL levels (<1.81 mmol/L [<70 mg/dL]), and 44% in participants with LDL cholesterol levels of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or greater (P < 0.001). The association was similar across race and sex and strongly graded, with odds ratios for coronary calcium of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.7 to 3.3) for LDL cholesterol levels of 1.81 to 2.56 mmol/L (70 to 99 mg/dL), 2.4 (CI, 1.1 to 5.3) for levels of 2.59 to 3.34 mmol/L (100 to 129 mg/dL), 3.3 (CI, 1.3 to 7.8) for levels of 3.37 to 4.12 mmol/L (130 to 159 mg/dL), and 5.6 (CI, 2.0 to 16) for levels of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or greater, compared with levels less than 1.81 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL), after adjustment for lipid exposure after age 35 years and other coronary risk factors. Both LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were independently associated with coronary calcium after participants who were receiving lipid-lowering medications or had clinically abnormal lipid levels were excluded. Limitation: Coronary calcium, although a strong predictor of future coronary heart disease, is not a clinical outcome. Conclusion: Nonoptimal levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol during young adulthood are independently associated with coronary atherosclerosis 2 decades later. Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Benefits of Screening Mammography
Authors: Wendie A. Berg
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Her Own Words: Oral Histories of Women Physicians
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The great gifts of this book are a history of women in American medicine and nine role models. <i>In Her Own Words</i>presents the oral histories of eight women physicians and one medical student. Interviews took place in 1977 and 1978. The oldest of the women was born in 1903 and the youngest in 1953. There is a scholarly and extremely informative 30-page introductory history of women in American medicine and three essays throughout the book that analyze the interviews, which are ordered chronologically and grouped in threes. The nine were selected from about 40 interviews, part of a two-year project on women in medicine at the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Reading the nine stories, one is stirred by the examples of women pioneering places in medicine, a field to which each was drawn from early life. The words heading this review were said to one of the women
Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing Interleukin-2 Invokes Anti-tumor Cellular Immunity in an Orthotopic Murine Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Santanu Dasgupta, Malaya Bhattacharya-Chatterjee, Bert W. O'Malley, Sunil K. Chatterjee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Induction of T cell immunity following vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing interleukin-2 (rvv-IL-2) was studied in an orthotopic murine model (SCCVII/SF) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC.
Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.
Authors: D G Black, A M Heagerty, R F Bing, H Thurston, J D Swales
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to hospital for stroke over 30 months were examined to see whether treating hypertension had influenced the incidence of cerebral haemorrhage and infarction. Seventy eight (46%) of them had normal blood pressure, 47 (28%) previously diagnosed hypertension for which they were receiving treatment, and 44 (26%) previously undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Haemorrhagic stroke was commoner among patients with untreated hypertension, whereas infarction was commoner in patients with treated hypertension. Infarction and haemorrhage were equally prevalent in patients with normal blood pressure. Effective treatment in this population seemed to have had a substantially different impact on vascular disease, giving rise to cerebral haemorrhage as opposed to infarction. This is consistent with evidence from other studies that treatment for hypertension has little or no effect on the progression of atheroma.
Pulsatile core-in-cup valsartan tablet formulations: In vitro evaluation
Authors: M.S. Sokar, A.S. Hanafy, A.H. El-Kamel, S.S. El-Gamal
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate single pulse and floating double pulse valsartan core-in-cup tablets. Core tablets were prepared by direct compression of a homogenous mixture of valsartan, Avicel PH-101, Croscarmellose sodium (CCNa), magnesium stearate & Aerosil. Weight variation, Hardness and Disintegration time were measured for the core tablets. Core-in-cup tablets were formulated using different polymers as a plug layer, including sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The floating behavior, water uptake and drug release from the prepared formulations were evaluated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was also performed to detect the possible drug excipient interaction. Stability study of the selected formula was performed at 25 °C & 60% RH and at 40 °C & 75% RH for 3 months. Finally, the existence of the selected formula in the stomach after oral administration to human volunteers was verified via x-ray radiography. The results showed that the release lag time of the tablets increased when the quantity of the plug layer increased thus decreasing the drug release. Plug layer polymers showed a lag time with rank order: SA < NaCMC < HPMC. Selected formulations are F5 & F6. F5 (having SA as the plug polymer) released valsartan after a lag time of 2 h while F6 released the drug in two successive pulses with a reasonable lag time in between due to its floating behavior. Formulations were stable for at least 3 months under standard long-term and accelerated storage conditions. In conclusion, pulsatile single pulse and floating double pulse stable valsartan core-in-cup tablets were successfully formulated which provided a desirable lag time followed by a rapid drug release.
Increase in activity and level of pp60c-src in progressive stages of human colorectal cancer.
Authors: M S Talamonti, M S Roh, S A Curley, G E Gallick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Activation of the tyrosine kinase of the c-src gene product, pp60c-src, has been shown to occur in nearly every primary colorectal carcinoma, and is found as early as in polyps of high malignant potential. However, no studies have addressed potential pp60c-src changes which occur during progression. To examine this question, we have studied kinase activity and protein levels in 7 colonic polyps, 19 primary lesions, and 19 liver metastases relative to normal colonic mucosa. Significant increases in tyrosine kinase activity were seen as early as in colonic polyps of high malignant potential. Further increases were observed in activity and level in primary tumors. However, the greatest increases in activity and protein levels were observed in liver metastases. Additionally, six metastatic lesions were obtained in which synchronous primary tumor was resected. In each of these liver metastases, pp60c-src activity and level were significantly increased relative to the corresponding primary tumor, as well as to normal colonic mucosa. Our results demonstrate that progression of colon primary tumors to liver metastases correlates with increased pp60c-src kinase activity and protein level.
Overdose of diltiazem
Authors: G Y H Lip, R E Ferner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Calcium, vitamin D, and hip fractures Incidence offalls may have decreased EDITOR,-Marie C Chapuy and colleagues report that treatment with cholecalciferol and calcium prevents non-vertebral fractures in elderly women and suggest that this is due to an improvement in bone metabolism.'As they mentioned in a previous report of this study, however, the result- ing increase in bone density is low.2A more likely explanation for the results might be a decrease in the incidence of falls in the active treatment group.This incidence, however, was not reported.A difference in the incidence of falls between the two groups could be explained by the muscular effects of cholecalciferol treatment.Indeed, apart from its action on bone metabolism, a low vitamin D concentration causes muscular weakness, which can be reversed by substitution.34Chapuy and colleagues mention that the mean serum concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol normalised in the active treatment group but remained low in the controls.In a prospective study that I carried out in 63 elderly women (mean age 82-5 (SD 5 4) years), all living in the community and independent in basic activities of daily living, muscular strength and exercise capacity were related to serum 25hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations (table ).
Nutrition and Hydration for the Terminally III
Authors: Etienne Phipps
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Dr McCann and colleagues 1 are to be applauded for their attempt to ascertain whether terminally ill cancer patients who do not receive forced feeding, forced hydration, or parenteral alimentation experience the discomfort of hunger and thirst. The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 2 the Hastings Center, 3 and the US Supreme Court 4 have supported the position that nutrition and hydration are medical treatments that may be withheld or withdrawn from consenting patients or with the consent of their surrogates. Families of terminally ill patients often have great difficulty forgoing nutrition and hydration. Physicians' own discomfort about forgoing nutrition and hydration contributes to making this decision an especially difficult one. Thus, in clinical practice, nutrition and hydration are considered by many to be comfort care that cannot be withheld or withdrawn. Clearly, understanding the parameters of
Phase III Study of Iniparib Plus Gemcitabine and Carboplatin Versus Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Joyce O'Shaughnessy, Lee Schwartzberg, Michael A. Danso, Kathy D. Miller, Hope S. Rugo, Marcus Neubauer, Nicholas Robert, Beth Hellerstedt, Mansoor Saleh, Paul Richards, Jennifer M. Specht, Denise A. Yardley, Robert W. Carlson, Richard S. Finn, Eric Charpentier, Ignacio Garcia-Ribas, Eric P. Winer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose There is a lack of treatments providing survival benefit for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), with no standard of care. A randomized phase II trial showed significant benefit for gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib (GCI) over gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) in clinical benefit rate, response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Here, we formally compare the efficacy of these regimens in a phase III trial. Patients and Methods Patients with stage IV/locally recurrent TNBC who had received no more than two previous chemotherapy regimens for mTNBC were randomly allocated to gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 and carboplatin area under the curve 2 (days 1 and 8) alone or GC plus iniparib 5.6 mg/kg (days 1, 4, 8, and 11) every 3 weeks. Random assignment was stratified by the number of prior chemotherapies. The coprimary end points were OS and PFS. Patients receiving GC could cross over to iniparib on progression. Results Five hundred nineteen patients were randomly assigned (261 GCI; 258 GC). In the primary analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.12; P = .28) nor PFS (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98; P = .027). An exploratory analysis showed that patients in the second-/third-line had improved OS (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.91) and PFS (HR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.92) with GCI. The safety profile for GCI was similar to GC. Conclusion The trial did not meet the prespecified criteria for the coprimary end points of PFS and OS in the ITT population. The potential benefit with iniparib observed in second-/third-line subgroup warrants further evaluation.
Alternative approaches to endoscopic ablation for benign enlargement of the prostate: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: T. Lourenco, R. Pickard, L. Vale, A. Grant, C. Fraser, G. MacLennan, J. N'Dow
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To compare the effectiveness and risk profile of newer methods for endoscopic ablation of the prostate against the current standard of transurethral resection.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Electronic and paper records in subject area up to March 2006.We searched for randomised controlled trials of endoscopic ablative interventions that included transurethral resection of prostate as one of the treatment arms. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality. Meta-analyses of prespecified outcomes were done using fixed and random effects models and reported using relative risk or weighted mean difference.We identified 45 randomised controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria and reporting on 3970 participants. The reports were of moderate to poor quality, with small sample sizes. None of the newer technologies resulted in significantly greater improvement in symptoms than transurethral resection at 12 months, although a trend suggested a better outcome with holmium laser enucleation (random effects weighted mean difference -0.82, 95% confidence interval 1.76 to 0.12) and worse outcome with laser vaporisation (1.49, -0.40 to 3.39). Improvements in secondary measures, such as peak urine flow rate, were consistent with change in symptoms. Blood transfusion rates were higher for transurethral resection than for the newer methods (4.8% v 0.7%) and men undergoing laser vaporisation or diathermy vaporisation were more likely to experience urinary retention (6.7% v 2.3% and 3.6% v 1.1%). Hospital stay was up to one day shorter for the newer technologies.Although men undergoing more modern methods of removing benign prostatic enlargement have similar outcomes to standard transurethral resection of prostate along with fewer requirements for blood transfusion and shorter hospital stay, the quality of current evidence is poor. The lack of any clearly more effective procedure suggests that transurethral resection should remain the standard approach.
Why pills more than skills?
Authors: G. A Plotnikoff, M. B Weisberg
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The effectiveness of fibre, antispasmodic drugs, and peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome should further increase interest in other low cost, low toxicity interventions.1 2

The heavy emphasis on pharmacotherapy found in so many British and US guidelines on irritable bowel syndrome results in continuing monthly expenditures for …
Cannabis and lung cancer
Authors: A. S. Reece
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

The elegant and eminent study by Aldington et al. 1 of the Cannabis and Respiratory Disease Research group is to be welcomed at a time when, as the authors rightly point out, there are many suggestive case studies and clinical series on lung cancer, and indeed other tumours, occurring particularly at younger ages in past and present smokers of cannabis. The authors' careful methodology and succinct summary of much of the relevant literature in relation to this subject is a relevant and timely addition to the literature, particularly in the context of increased interest in this subject in both lay and professional circles.

The point made by Aldington et al. 1 in relation to the lack of research into the molecular underpinnings of cannabis-related oncogenesis is particularly relevant at a period in research history when the molecular bases of disease have received unprecedented attention. It …
Segmental “Misty Mesentery” on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ameya D. Puranik, Nilendu C. Purandare, Archi Agrawal, Sneha Shah, Venkatesh Rangarajan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Mesenteric lymphomas are commonly seen as bulky hypermetabolic nodal masses on F-FDG PET/CT. Very rarely, these are seen as mesenteric haziness due to localized hyperattenuation of fat, known as "misty mesentery", which morphological imaging-wise has other differentials as well. We report a unique imaging finding of segmental misty mesentery with hypermetabolic mesenteric nodes on FDG PET/CT in a patient who was kept on observation due to inconclusive biopsy, which on follow-up imaging progressed to extensive lymphomatous involvement. Thus, in retrospect, this imaging feature on baseline PET/CT was diagnostic for mesenteric lymphoma.
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: IX. Internal Medicine Residency and Fellowship Training: 1984 Update.
Authors: MARY KAY SCHLEITER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

After 12 years of annual expansion, the number of entrants into internal medicine training did not increase in 1983-84. In addition, the number of United States citizens with medical degrees from other countries entering first-year residency positions in internal medicine declined in 1983-84 for the first time in many years. The number of trainees who, upon completion of residency training, chose to become subspecialty fellows increased, and the period of subspecialty training has lengthened to 3 years for one third of the fellows. The total budgets for residency stipends have not increased in real dollars since 1976-77 despite substantial rises in the number of trainees. In fact, stipend levels per resident and fellow have declined in real dollars. Internists make up about 25% of all practicing physicians. With the continuing growth in the number of practicing internists and the high rate of their subspecialization, some adjustments will be made in practice patterns over the next 2 decades.
Gastric cancer: adding glycosylation to the equation
Authors: Salomé S. Pinho, Sandra Carvalho, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto, Ana Magalhães, Carla Oliveira, Jianguo Gu, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Fátima Carneiro, Raquel Seruca, Celso A. Reis
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2013)