tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progression of Diabetes Retinal Status Within Community Screening Programs and Potential Implications for Screening Intervals
Authors: Graham P. Leese, Irene M. Stratton, Martin Land, Max O. Bachmann, Colin Jones, Peter Scanlon, Helen C. Looker, Brian Ferguson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to follow the natural progression of retinal changes in patients with diabetes. Such information should inform decisions with regard to the screening intervals for such patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An observational study was undertaken linking the data from seven diabetes retinal screening programs across the U.K. for retinal grading results between 2005 and 2012. Patients with absent or background retinopathy were followed up for progression to the end points referable retinopathy and treatable retinopathy (proliferative retinopathy). RESULTS In total, 354,549 patients were observed for up to 4 years during which 16,196 patients progressed to referable retinopathy. Of patients with no retinopathy in either eye for two successive screening episodes at least 12 months apart, the conditions of between 0.3% (95% CI 0.3–0.8%) and 1.3% (1.0–1.6%) of patients progressed to referable retinopathy, and rates of treatable eye disease were &amp;lt;0.3% at 2 years. The corresponding progression rates for patients with bilateral background retinopathy in successive screening episodes were 13–29% and up to 4%, respectively, in the different programs. CONCLUSIONS It may be possible to stratify patients for risk, according to baseline retinal criteria, into groups with low and high risk of their conditions progressing to proliferative retinopathy. Screening intervals for such diverse groups of patients could safely be modified according to their risk.
1028-122 The Beneficial Effects of Lipid Lowering Therapy by Pravastatin on Coronary Atherosclerosisis Diminished by 50% in Patients who Continue to Smoke
Authors: J. Wouter Jukema, Ad J. van Boven, Johan H.C. Reiber, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Albert V.G. Bruschke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL RATTLESNAKE VENOM POISONING
Authors: DUDLEY JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In the United States dangerous poisoning by the bite of the rattlesnake is comparatively infrequent, but deaths do occur in some sections of the country where these snakes are particularly abundant and of large size. Bites in children are especially dangerous, probably because of the low body weight in proportion to the amount of venom injected. One of us<sup>1</sup>has shown that it is possible to remove venom from the tissues by mechanical means, and the experiments here reported are in the nature of a confirmatory report. The venom used throughout these experiments was an unrefined, air dried product which was dissolved in a solution composed of equal parts of glycerin and 0.85 per cent sodium chloride solution, in the proportion of 0.050 Gm. of dried venom to 1 cc. of solution. This stock solution of venom was kept at 10 C. The dogs used were of varying sizes
Low-Fat Diet and Weight Change in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Penelope J. Greene
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluticasone Propionate Protects against Ozone-Induced Airway Inflammation and Modified Immune Cell Activation Markers in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Neil E. Alexis, John C. Lay, Angela Haczku, Henry Gong, William Linn, Milan J. Hazucha, Brad Harris, Ruth Tal-Singer, David B. Peden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Ozone exposure induces airway neutrophilia and modifies innate immune monocytic cell-surface phenotypes in healthy individuals. High-dose inhaled corticosteroids can reduce O(3)-induced airway inflammation, but their effect on innate immune activation is unknown.We used a human O(3) inhalation challenge model to examine the effectiveness of clinically relevant doses of inhaled corticosteroids on airway inflammation and markers of innate immune activation in healthy volunteers.Seventeen O(3)-responsive subjects [>10% increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in sputum, PMNs per milligram vs. baseline sputum] received placebo, or either a single therapeutic dose (0.5 mg) or a high dose (2 mg) of inhaled fluticasone proprionate (FP) 1 hr before a 3-hr O(3) challenge (0.25 ppm) on three separate occasions at least 2 weeks apart. Lung function, exhaled nitric oxide, sputum, and systemic biomarkers were assessed 1-5 hr after the O(3) challenge. To determine the effect of FP on cellular function, we assessed sputum cells from seven subjects by flow cytometry for cell-surface marker activation.FP had no effect on O(3)-induced lung function decline. Compared with placebo, 0.5 mg and 2 mg FP reduced O(3)-induced sputum neutrophilia by 18% and 35%, respectively. A similar effect was observed on the airway-specific serum biomarker Clara cell protein 16 (CCP16). Furthermore, FP pretreatment significantly reduced O(3)-induced modification of CD11b, mCD14, CD64, CD16, HLA-DR, and CD86 on sputum monocytes in a dose-dependent manner.This study confirmed and extended data demonstrating the protective effect of FP against O(3)-induced airway inflammation and immune cell activation.
Vascular involvement of the liver in Turner's syndrome
Authors: Dominique Roulot, Claude Degott, Olivier Chazouillères, Frédéric Oberti, Paul Calès, Nicolas Carbonell, Said Benferhat, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Dominique Valla
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Unexplained liver test abnormalities are frequent in patients with Turner's syndrome. This cohort study was performed to clarify the histopathologic features, causes, and long-term outcome of liver involvement in these patients. Thirty patients with persistently abnormal liver test results were followed-up for 8.8 +/- 5.2 years. Liver specimens were available in 27 patients. Marked architectural changes were present in 10 patients, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia in six, multiple focal nodular hyperplasia in two, and cirrhosis in two patients. These changes frequently were associated with obliterative portal venopathy lesions and with aortic malformations. There was mild to moderate portal fibrosis in 15 of the 17 other patients, inflammatory infiltrates in nine patients, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 11 patients. Bile duct alterations resembling small duct sclerosing cholangitis were observed in 21 patients (with or without architectural changes). There was no viral, alcoholic, autoimmune, or drug-induced liver damage. Portal hypertension was observed in four patients with marked architectural changes, including three in whom refractory ascites or recurrent variceal bleeding developed, one of whom underwent transplantation. None of the patients without marked architectural changes experienced progressive or decompensated liver disease. There was no evidence of liver toxicity from estrogen replacement therapy. In conclusion, the main causes of liver involvement in Turner's syndrome are vascular disorders, probably of a congenital origin, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In patients with vascular disorders, severe liver disease requiring liver transplantation may develop. Estrogen therapy does not appear to be pathogenically implicated.
Hyponatremia During ACTH Infusions
Authors: LESLIE R. SHEELER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Brief Reports1 May 1979Hyponatremia During ACTH InfusionsLESLIE R. SHEELER, M.D., O. PETER SCHUMACHER, M.D., Ph.D.LESLIE R. SHEELER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, O. PETER SCHUMACHER, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-798 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough we have found the 48-h ACTH test of Rose and associates (1) to be an excellent diagnostic tool, in three cases, the infusion of ACTH in 5% dextrose in water produced severe hyponatremia despite dexamethasone therapy. Rose and associates had identified this problem and advised care in doing the test. However, standard textbooks either do not mention the intravenous fluid to be used or recommend dextrose in water (2, 3); some pharmaceutical literature recommends 5% dextrose in water (4, 5).Forty units of ACTH (acthar) added to 500 mL of 5% dextrose in water was used as the infusing...References1. ROSEWILLIAMSJAGGERLAULER LGPD: The 48-hour adrenocorticotrophin infusion test for adrenocortical insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 73:49-54, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LIDDLEMELMON GK: The adrenals, in Textbook of Endocrinology, edited by WILLIAMS RH. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1974, p. 251 Google Scholar3. WILLIAMSDLUHYTHORN GRG: Diseases of the adrenal cortex, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, edited by WINTROBE MW, THORN GW, ADAMS RD, BENNETT IL JR, BRAUNWALD E, ISSELBACHER KJ, PETERSDORF RG. New York, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1974, p. 497 Google Scholar4. KING J: Guide to Parenteral Admixtures. St. Louis, Cutter Laboratories, 1976 Google Scholar5. : ACTH Solution Product Information. Cincinnati, Merrella National Laboratories, 1972 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and The Cleveland Clinic Educational Foundation Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Electrolytes in HyponatremiaCORRESPONDENCEManagement of severe hyponatremia: Rapid or slow correction?Hyponatremia, Convulsions, Respiratory Arrest, and Permanent Brain Damage after Elective Surgery in Healthy WomenSerum electrolyte abnormalities caused by drugsAdrenocortical tumorsDrug-Induced Electrolyte DisordersCorticotrophins and corticosteroidsHyponatremia During ACTH InfusionsMICHAEL GEHEB, M.D., MALCOLM COX, M.D., IRWIN SINGER, M.D.Hyponatremia During Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) InfusionsGERHARD BAUMANN, M.D.Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Test and HyponatremiaLESLIE I. ROSE, M.D. 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 798-799KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneGlucoseHyponatremia Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Obstruction of the Proximal Right Coronary Artery with Acute Inferior Infarction Due to Blunt Chest Trauma
Authors: PHILIP B. OLIVA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Two patients developed an acute transmural myocardial infarction due to severe obstruction of the proximal right coronary artery after blunt chest trauma. Neither had a history of ischemic heart disease, and both had an arteriographically normal left coronary artery. In one patient significant resolution of the subtotal obstruction occurred within 3 months. An intimal tear or subintimal hemorrhage with luminal thrombosis, or both, are the suggested mechanism of coronary arterial occlusion. Spasm and platelet aggregates may contribute. Despite a large number of automobile accidents, obstruction of the right coronary artery due to blunt chest trauma has not been previously described. This suggests it has been overlooked and should be especially suspected in persons with injury to the sternum and an acute inferior myocardial infarction.
Pancreatic Adenoma With Intractable Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, and Hypercalcemia
Authors: Charles H. Brown, George Crile
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A syndrome of profuse watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia, without gastric hypersecretion or ulcer is associated with pancreatic adenoma. Excision of a parathyroid adenoma and then hyperplastic parathyroid tissue temporarily relieved symptoms and restored serum calcium and serum potassium values to normal. The profuse watery diarrhea, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia were permanently relieved by excision of a large pancreatic adenoma after recognition of the syndrome. The genetic aspects of this syndrome were demonstrated in the case presented. Of 14 members on the patient's paternal side, three had pancreatic adenomas, six had renal stones, and five had intractable peptic ulcers. Endocrine adenomas, frequently multiple, were seen in the patient and in two relatives.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF EZETIMIBE MONOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN SIX TO TEN YEARS OF AGE WITH HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL OR NON-FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: John J.P. Kastelein, Meeike Kusters, Maria Caceres, Mauricio Coll, Cynthia Cuffie, Claude Gagné, Marc Jacobson, Peter Kwiterovich, Raymond Lee, Robert Lowe, Rachid Massaad, Brian McCrindle, Thomas Musliner, Joseph Triscari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Evaluating ERCP is important but difficult
Authors: P B Cotton
Journal: Gut (2002)

ERCP is a valuable technique now practised widely throughout the world. It revolutionised the diagnosis and management of benign and malignant biliary and pancreatic diseases in the 1970s and 1980s. However, recent developments have highlighted the need for detailed evaluation of current ERCP practice. This review is based on a presentation to a recent NIH “state of the science” conference on ERCP, and refers to an article which appears in this issue of <i>Gut</i> from researchers in Hong Kong who report on a randomised controlled trial of endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute cholangitis.
HYDROPIC STAGES IN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM OF NEW-BORN CALVES
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

There occurs in the small intestines of a large percentage of calves up to and including the 3rd day a hydropic condition of the epithelium. This manifests itself in the form of a large vacuole or vesicle usually under the top plate of the epithelial cell. More rarely a number of smaller vesicles or vacuoles replace it. These may break away from the cell and float free when bits of the fresh mucosa are gently compressed under a cover-glass. The vesicles probably contain coagulable protein. This condition has its origin in late intrauterine life. It involves the lowest third of the small intestine and extends upwards as far as the duodenum in some cases. It is not a necessary forerunner of the early diarrhea or scours. Its relation to this disease is not defined. It may or may not be accompanied by a fat stasis of the upper third of the small intestine. Frequently associated with it is coagulable protein in the contents of the ileum.
The Role of Brain Dopamine in Behavioral Regulation and the Actions of Psychotropic Drugs
Authors: SOLOMON H. SNYDER, KENNETH M. TAYLOR, JOSEPH T. COYLE, JAMES L. MEYERHOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

By comparing biochemical and behavioral actions of d- and l- isomers of amphetamine, the authors show that locomotor hyperactivity, an animal model for the central stimulant effects of amphetamine, is mediated by brain norepinephrine. By contrast, stereotyped, compulsive gnawing behavior in rats, which resembles symptoms of amphetamine psychosis, appears to be regulated by brain dopamine. Since haloperidol, a potent blocker of dopamine receptors, is uniquely efficacious in treating Gilles de la Tourette's disease, the authors suggest that hyperactivity of dopamine systems in the brain may be a factor in the pathophysiology of this condition.
Cesarean Sections at the Beth Israel Hospital, 1950–1953
Authors: Harold W. Rubin, Louis Burke, Harold H. Rosenfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

ON March 1, 1953, the Obstetrical Service of the Beth Israel Hospital had been in operation for three years. It was thought that sufficient cases had been accumulated to be statistically significant and to warrant critical analysis. With this purpose in mind, the present study of cesarean sections performed during this period was undertaken. Because some of the results are of interest, publication of the findings seems warranted.MaterialIn the period from March 1, 1950, to March 1, 1953, there was a total of 5871 deliveries producing 5950 infants. Seven hundred and eighty-nine were ward, and 5082 were private . . .
Tinea capitis in south-east London-a new pattern of infection with public health implications
Authors: R.J. HAY, Y.M. CLAYTON, N. DE SILVA, G. MIDGLEY, E. ROSSOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Recent observations on tinea capitis cases in London suggest that there has been a change in the pattern of infection with a recent and significant rise in the incidence of infections due to anthropophilic fungi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and identity of tinea capitis in schools in south-east London and factors which might affect the spread of infection. This was achieved by carrying out a survey of all children, with parental consent for scalp examination, in 14 nursery, infant or junior schools in Lambeth. In addition, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis was compared with mycological findings. There were 1057 children from 4 to 14 years of age in the study. The infection rate in different schools ranged from 0 to 12% with a mean of 2.5%. A further 4.9% of children were scalp carriers of dermatophytes (range in classes 0-47%). A striking feature was that all infections were caused by anthropophilic fungi, mainly Trichophyton tonsurans or Microsporum rivalieri, and there was a correlation between the presence of two or more carriers within a class and the infection in the other children. There was a poor correlation between ability of trained observers to predict infection on clinical grounds and mycological results. This investigation shows variable but significant levels of scalp ringworm in schools and that the dominant organisms are anthropophilic. It provides support for the observation that there has been a shift in the pattern of tinea capitis in London and, possibly, other U.K. centres, with a trend towards more infections transmissible among children, with T, tonsurans being the commonest organism. The implications for control, which involve screening in schools, where appropriate, and guidance to general practitioners on treatment, are discussed.
A Society and Journal for Handicapped Physicians
Authors: SPENCER B. LEWIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981A Society and Journal for Handicapped PhysiciansSPENCER B. LEWIS, M.D.SPENCER B. LEWIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-246_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As a practicing blind physician, I am interested in starting a society for handicapped physicians. I should like to hear from other physicians with a physical handicap who may be interested in starting a society and a journal for handicapped physicians. These would be vehicles for lending support, addressing special needs and problems, and sharing ideas. My telephone number is (318) 247-3744.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: P.O. Box 867; Grambling, LA 71245. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 246-246 Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TCTAP A-136 Identifying the Particular Human Plasma Metabolites Which Produces the Best Response from Warfarin Based on International Normalized Ratio
Authors: Abdulkader Ahmad Bawadikji, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Ahmad Zainuddin Yunus, Muhamad Ali S.K. Abdul Kader, Baharudin Ibrahim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The expert witness, or God's locum
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I once asked a Dutch professor of law who had experience of the English system whether she thought the inquisitorial or adversarial system was better from the point of procuring justice. She said she thought they were about the same but that the English system was vastly more fun for lawyers.

It is true that a good cross examination can be a thing of beauty, one example of which occurred during the trial in 1925 of Norman Thorne for murder. (The classic account of this trial is in The Trial of Norman Thorne (1929) by Helena Normanton, who was the first woman to practise as a barrister in the United Kingdom.)

Norman Thorne was a 24 year old man who ran …
Effects of isoproterenol on bradycardia-dependent intra-His and left bundle branch blocks.
Authors: L D Suárez, A Kretz, J A Alvarez, J M Martinez, A M Perosio
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The electrophysiologic study of a patient with a history of fainting showed first- and second-degree Mobitz type I intraatrial and intra-His (IH) bundle blocks. Tachycardia and bradycardia-dependent IH block and bradycardia-dependent left bundle branch block were also present. Bradycardia-dependent block was probably caused by slight hypopolarization plus a slow rising slope of phase 4 depolarization and a shift of the threshold potential toward zero. Two months later a second electrophysiologic study was performed before, during and after administration of i.v. isoproterenol (IP). Shortening of atrium-His (AH1) and IH (H1H2) conduction time during faster heart rates caused by IP infusion may be related to its hyperpolarizing effect. Simultaneously, a shifting to the left of both bradycardia-dependent IH and left bundle branch block ranges was recorded during vagally induced cardiac slowing. These findings suggest that IP produces an increase in the slope of phase 4 depolarization of the His bundle and left bundle branch fibers and a simultaneous and concordant effect at both levels of the intraventricular conduction system.
Sensitivity and Specificity in Silicone Breast Models
Authors: Frank E. Gump
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of silicone breast models,<sup>1</sup>the better to train physicians in the detection of breast lumps, is well meaning but of uncertain value in clinical care. However, this letter is intended to point out that certain techniques will actually make early detection of breast cancers less effective. The problem with currently available models is that they place "tumors" in a uniform matrix designed to simulate the normal breast. The ability to detect lesions of varying size, depth, and consistency in such a model is irrelevant, and the fact that fingertips (as opposed to pads) proved to be more effective in the present study illustrates this point. Successful breast examination requires a method that will not only emphasize abnormal masses but will also tend to subtract the multiple and variable masses that make up the normal breast. For that reason experienced examiners have always used finger