tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of exercise-induced fatigue after two bouts of prolonged intermittent shuttle running separated by 2 weeks
Authors: J Leeder, K van Someren, D Boycott-Brown, A Jewell, D Gaze, G Howatson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Achieving optimum athletic performance requires a balance of stress induced by training and competition with appropriate recovery. It is thought that the physiological stress associated with repeated high intensity intermittent sprint exercise over a number of weeks would be relatively low in well-trained individuals, perhaps due to familiarisation with the exercise mode and protection from muscle damage due to the repeated-bout effect. The aims of the present study were twofold: (1) to ascertain the level of exercise-induced fatigue and recovery profile after an intermittent shuttle run test designed to replicate the demands of a football match; and (2) to compare the fatigue and recovery response when the same exercise bout is repeated 2 weeks later. Eight males (23±3 years) well-trained individuals (VO 2max 54.6±5.2 ml/kg/min), who regularly participated in repeat sprint field sports (rugby, hockey and football), completed two 90-min intermittent shuttle run tests separated by 2 weeks. Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of the knee extensors, countermovement jump (CMJ), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured before exercise and at a series of time points up to 72 h after both tests. MIVC, CMJ, DOMS, CK and IL-6 all showed significant time effects (p&lt;0.05) over the two exercise bouts indicating exercise-induced fatigue after both tests. CK peaked at 24 h in bout 1 (1375±1247 U/l) and bout 2 (1225±595 U/l). Only CMJ showed a significant bout effect (p&lt;0.05), indicating muscle damage was reduced after the second bout. Declines in CMJ (−4.0±4.8% at 24 h) and MIVC (−8.6±6.3% at 24 h) indicated considerable reductions in muscle function after the second bout. This study indicates that well-trained individuals experience substantial levels of exercise-induced fatigue after a repeated bout of exercise. Consequently, it is likely that well-trained individuals do not benefit from the repeated bout effect phenomenon in the same way that untrained individuals do. Therefore interventions that attenuate these repeated increases in fatigue indices are justified in well-trained individuals.
Reserpine in Raynaud's Disease and Phenomenon
Authors: JAMES T. WILLERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Nineteen patients had Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon. A heat-loss measuring device showed marked differences in superficial digital blood flow between the control patients and the patients both at rest and during exposure to cold. Short-term improvement in superficial blood flow followed intra-arterial reserpine in 7 of the 13 patients treated. Those patients not responding to intra-arterial reserpine probably had such extensive intrinsic or extrinsic obstructive disease that lessening of the autonomic nervous system control was of no appreciable benefit. Esophageal motility was abnormal in several patients, especially upon direct measurement. Abnormal peristalsis was replaced by normal motility after intra-arterial reserpine in two of the five patients studied. Whether the improvement in esophageal motility was spontaneous or was related to the reserpine treatment is not clear. Seven brachial arteriograms were abnormal. Pulmonary hypertension was found in one young girl with systemic lupus erythematosus and Raynaud's phenomenon.
The mnemic neglect model: Experimental demonstrations of inhibitory repression in normal adults
Authors: Constantine Sedikides, Jeffrey D. Green
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Normal adults recall poorly social feedback that refers to them, is negative, and pertains to core self-aspects. This phenomenon, dubbed the mnemic neglect effect , is equivalent to inhibitory repression. It is instigated under conditions of high self-threat, it implicates not-thinking during encoding, and it involves memories that are recoverable with such techniques as recognition accuracy.
Abstract P118: Influence of a Sulfide Donor on Resuscitability and Neurological Outcome in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Matthias Derwall, Aysegül Cizen, Celine Loewer, Maren Westerkamp, Nora Schnorrenberger, Jan Deike-Glindemann, Michael Fries
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects vital organs and promotes survival in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hypothesis: H2S increases resuscitability and neurological outcome in a porcine model of cardiac arrest (CA). Methods: 16 pigs were instrumented with an arterial line and a pulmonary artery catheter to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWCP) before CA was electrically induced and left untreated for 10 minutes. One minute after starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), animals were randomized to intravenous bolus injection of 1mg/kg of a liquid donor of H2S (Na2S; IK-1001, Ikaria, Clinton, NJ), followed by continuous infusion of 1mg/kg/h for two hours or placebo. After a total of 6 minutes of CPR defibrilation was attempted. Surviving animals were assessed for neurological outcome on four postoperative days using a neurological deficit score (NDS). Results: In both groups 50% of the animals could be initially resuscitated. Hemodynamic variables did not differ at baseline (i.e. before CA). However, H2S treated animals showed significantly lower MAP, MPAP and PCWP 60 minutes post CPR. PCWP remained significantly lower after 2, 3 and 4 hours. Two animals in the H2S group died before day four. Furthermore, H2S animals performed worse on the NDS at all time points after CPR (Time point - H2S vs. Placebo: +1 − 79 vs. 84/+2 − 74 vs. 89/+3 − 72 vs. 88/+4 71 vs. 88). Conclusion: In this pilot study, H2S at a dose of 1 mg/kg did not improve resuscitability and worsened post CPR hemodynamics and neurological outcome.
Synaptic Clustering of the Cell Adhesion Molecule Fasciclin II by Discs-Large and its Role in the Regulation of Presynaptic Structure
Authors: Ulrich Thomas, Eunjoon Kim, Sven Kuhlendahl, Young Ho Koh, Eckart D Gundelfinger, Morgan Sheng, Craig C Garner, Vivian Budnik
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Comparison of enzymatic and anatomic estimates of myocardial infarct size in man.
Authors: D B Hackel, K A Reimer, R E Ideker, E M Mikat, T D Hartwell, C B Parker, E B Braunwald, M Buja, H K Gold, A S Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Enzymatic estimates of myocardial infarct size based on plasma levels of MB creatine kinase (MB-CK) were compared with anatomic infarct size in 49 human hearts obtained at autopsy. The patients studied had been enrolled in the Multicenter Investigation of Limitation of Infarct Size (MILIS) study program within 18 hr of the onset of acute infarction and were treated at one of five participating hospitals. Infarct size was estimated from serial measurements of plasma MB-CK made at the core laboratory for CK analysis. Hearts obtained at autopsy were studied independently by the core pathology laboratory without knowledge of the MB-CK levels or clinical results. Data from the two laboratories were compared at the data coordinating center. Of 49 hearts, 12 were excluded either because anatomic infarct size could not be established or because the infarct occurring at the time of enrollment in the MILIS study could not be distinguished with certainty from other infarcts. Of the remaining 37 hearts, peak MB-CK level was available in 36, but samples sufficient for estimation of infarct size were available in only 25. The overall correlation coefficient (Spearman) was .87 for these 25 hearts, indicating that enzymatic estimates of infarct size correlate closely with anatomic measurements. The results indicate that CK estimates of myocardial infarct size represent a valid clinical end point for assessing myocardial infarct size, and the effect of therapy thereon, in groups of treated and control patients.
Plasma placental RNA allelic ratio permits noninvasive prenatal chromosomal aneuploidy detection
Authors: Y M Dennis Lo, Nancy B Y Tsui, Rossa W K Chiu, Tze K Lau, Tse N Leung, Macy M S Heung, Ageliki Gerovassili, Yongjie Jin, Kypros H Nicolaides, Charles R Cantor, Chunming Ding
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
The Effect on Blood Pressure in the Right Heart, Pulmonary Artery and Systemic Artery of Cardiac Standstill Produced by Carotid Sinus Stimulation
Authors: CHARLES V. DOWLING, WARREN W. SMITH, ADOLPH R. BERGER, ROY E. ALBERT
Journal: Circulation (1952)

In two patients with hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome, cardiac standstill was induced while pressures were recorded in the pulmonary and femoral arteries and right heart. With onset of ventricular standstill, pressures in the right atrium and right ventricle equalized and gradually increased, that in the femoral artery decreased, and that in the pulmonary artery-fell until it became equal to right ventricular pressure, and then increased commensurately with it. All pressures then approached a uniform magnitude asymptotically: this uniform pressure is believed to correspond to the "static pressure." The manner in which the respective pressures returned to normal with resumption of normal cardiac rhythm is described, and certain unexpected findings are discussed.
CURRENT CRITICISM OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: William Allen Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —The editorial on Current Criticisms of Medical Education (The Journal, July 26), illustrates one point that appears again and again in the attitude of those who are responsible for our present policy of medical education when objections are raised. That point is the air of serene confidence that all is well, and of tolerant condescension with which criticisms of the prevailing policy are answered, without going to the trouble to consider seriously the objections themselves. The point is an important one because it is in effect a refusal to enter into frank discussion of the problems.  If the question is raised as to the prohibitory cost of medical education except for the well to do, we are answered variously according to the circumstances: This has always been the situation for the poor boy. Or it is not prohibitory to the poor boy. Or the poor boy should
Perspectives on testing for toxic agents.
Authors: N Nelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

A series of observations and comments are made with respect to several areas of toxicology: these are briefly discussed. Some innovative areas receive discussion as representing substantial progress made in the field of toxicology in recent years. Topics included raise a number of questions: what agents should we test, and how should we go about selecting them; what is the importance of allowing for genetic diversity in carrying out tests that are meaningful for humans; and what is the relevance of studies in pharmacokinetics in the laboratory to humans. Human studies, because of ethical considerations, must be indirect, through access to available autopsy and surgical human tissues. Also, drug trials and clinical studies must be exploited. Cancer testing and evaluation is briefly commented on. Systemic toxicity is considered in respect to possible improved ways of determining the
Immunologic identification of Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms in myocardium. Isoform change in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
Authors: K J Sweadner, V L Herrera, S Amato, A Moellmann, D K Gibbons, K R Repke
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

There are three isoforms of the catalytic (alpha) subunit of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase, each derived from a different gene, that differ in their sensitivity to inhibition by cardiac glycosides. Antibodies specific for the three isoforms were used to study Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoform expression in ventricular myocardium, where an understanding of digitalis receptor diversity is most important. In the rat heart, there is simultaneous expression of two isoforms in adult ventricle, and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that both isoforms are expressed uniformly in cardiomyocytes. Hypertension and hypertrophy have been reported to selectively depress alpha 2 isoform mRNA levels, and we show in the present study that alpha 2 protein levels were correspondingly depressed in rats made hypertensive by uninephrectomy and treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate and a high-salt diet. In the human heart, where mRNA for all three alpha isoforms has been reported, we detected all three isoform proteins (alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3). Two isoforms (alpha 1 and alpha 3) predominated in the macaque heart; dissection of the heart showed uniformity of isoform expression in different ventricular regions but markedly less alpha 3 in the atrium. Finally, isoform-specific antibodies were used to detect which alpha isoforms were expressed in the ventricles of several commonly used experimental animals to test the correlation of isoform expression with cardiac glycoside-response heterogeneity. Two isoforms (alpha 1 and alpha 3) were found in canine myocardium, whereas only one (alpha 1) was found in sheep and guinea pig. Expression of Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms can thus be readily followed and related to the physiology of the digitalis receptor.
Ergogenic Aids in Sports
Authors: Richard H. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In the world of high-level sports, the stakes can be considerable: financial gain, international prestige, a successful career, or a national failure. In order to excel, the athlete must, of course, train hard and have selected the proper parents to be endowed with specific talents. Are there, in addition, any recently discovered activities or substances that can improve sports performance? This book addresses the question.  One of the factors that contributes to fatigue is the depletion of glycogen within muscle. By altering diet and exercise during the week before an important contest, muscle glycogen— and thus endurance—can be improved. However, such glycogen loading seems to be substantive only in races longer than 60 minutes. Breathing oxygen while running also helps, but who wants to carry a tank around?  Do anabolic steroids build stronger muscles? Athletes certainly think so, judging from the disqualifications at last summer's Pan-American Games. The author of
Improving the psychiatric services
Authors: J. H. Raphael
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Improving the Psychiatric Services SIR,-Being very interested in and com- mitted to the task of trying to plan and provide suitable hospital services for elderly people, I think that Dr. H. Jacobs's letter (16 December, p. 681) calls for some comment.I refer to the very popular notion of "x weeks in and x weeks out geriatric service."Such service is not necessarily the sort of panacea that many people seek.It is very difficult indeed to keep to any such time- table.One knows that shuttling the elderly from here to there will in itself very often affect them adversely and one had found that at the end of the allocated stay in hospital the patient is much worse than at the time of admission.Although one is keen to help the relatives and benefactors of frail elderly people by giving them respite, and is able to do this in selected cases, I have come after many years to believe that the primary task of the geriatrician is to treat vigorously whichever patients have tractable diseases, tempering such treatment with, one hopes, humanity and common sense.As for day hospitals, I am completely sold on their virtues and efficacy.I am beginning to think that these, paralleled by local authority day centres, might very well reduce dramatically the expense of providing in future for the needs of the elderly.-Iam, etc.,
Inhalation imaging with oxygen-15 labeled carbon dioxide for detection and quantitation of left-to-right shunts.
Authors: C A Boucher, B Ahluwalia, P C Block, G L Brownell, G A Beller
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Quantitation of left-to-right shunts was determined noninvasively from the pulmonary clearance pattern of inhaled 15oxygen-labeled carbon dioxide (C15O2). After a single breath inhalation of C15O2, counts over the lungs were obtained from sequential 0.5 sec positron camera images. In 21 patients without left-to-right shunts, counts declined exponentially due to the washout of C15O2 by the pulmonary blood flow. In 22 patients with left-to-right shunts, this monoexponential pulmonary clearance pattern was interrupted by an abnormal upward deviation, indicating tracer recirculation through the shunt to the lungs. Following surgical shung closure in 10 patients, pulmonary C15O2 clearance patterns became normal in nine and showed a small residual left-to-right shunt in one. Shunt size was derived from the ratio of the height of the recirculation curve to the height of the initial inhalation peak. These values significantly correlated with shunt size as determined by oximetry (r = 0.83).
A new endoscopic treatment method for a symptomatic duodenal duplication cyst
Authors: F. Tekin, O. Ozutemiz, G. Ersoz, O. Tekesin
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

An 18-year-old woman was referred to our clinic for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) because of a history of recurrent abdominal pain and a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. No etiology was found except a duodenal cystic polypoid lesion detected at computed tomography. ERCP revealed a cystic lesion with a 3 × 2 cm diameter ([Fig. 1 a]), and the orifice of the papilla to be at the back side of the cystic lesion ([Fig. 1 b]). After the cannulation had been performed, the cystic lesion ([Fig. 1 c]), the common bile duct, and the pancreatic duct ([Fig. 1 d]) were opacified through the common channel. The gallbladder, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct were of normal size and shape. As the cystic lesion showed no communication with the common bile duct, a diagnosis of a duodenal duplication cyst (DDC) was established rather than a choledochocele.
Informed Consent in Resuscitation Research
Authors: Norman S. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

SCIENTIFICALLY proved advances in care of the critically ill patient are expected, accepted, and perhaps even demanded by society. This is illustrated by the tremendous growth in federal funding for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored biomedical research between 1945 and 1965.<sup>1</sup>However, the resulting medical advances have produced unanticipated ethical and legal problems. In this article, we address the emerging conflict between two restraints on clinical research: (1) the assurance of scientifically valid results and (2) the protection of the human rights of research subjects. This conflict is particularly acute in resuscitation research, where immediate medical intervention is necessary and the potential research subjects are comatose. <h3>THE CONFLICT</h3> At present all biomedical and behavioral research supported by federal funds must conform to legal requirements promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).<sup>2</sup>(New DHHS regulations were issued July 27, 1981.<sup>3</sup>They are complemented by new
Effects of metal treatment on DNA repair in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells with special reference to nickel.
Authors: R D Snyder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Human cells depleted of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine exhibit altered chromatin structure and marked deficiencies in DNA replicative and repair processes. Similar effects have been observed following treatment of normal mammalian cells with various heavy metal salts. In an attempt to better understand how metals interfere with normal DNA metabolic processes, a series of studies was carried out in which the toxicity and repair-inhibitory properties of various metals were evaluated in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity of copper, zinc, magnesium, and cadmium was not altered in cells carrying lower polyamine pools. However, the sensitivity to nickel was markedly increased upon polyamine depletion, a condition that was readily reversed by polyamine supplementation. Nucleoid sedimentation analysis indicated that a greater amount of nickel-induced DNA damage occurred in polyamine-depleted cells than in normal cells, possibly serving as the basis for the increased sensitivity. Both polyamine depletion and nickel treatment result in decreased repair of DNA strand breaks and decreased cloning efficiency following X-ray and ultraviolet irradiation. Nickel treatment of polyamine-depleted cells resulted in synergistic sensitivity to both radiation treatments. None of the other metals tested enhanced X-ray or ultraviolet sensitivity of polyamine-depleted cells. Analysis of retarded repair sites following ultraviolet irradiation indicated those sites to be nonligatable in polyamine-depleted and nickel-treated cells, suggesting a block in the normal gap-sealing process.
fMRI evidence for and behavioral evidence against the planning–control model
Authors: Jos J. Adam, Ron F. Keulen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Consistent with the planning–control model, recent fMRI data reveal that the inferior parietal lobe, the frontal lobes, and the basal ganglia are involved in motor planning. Inconsistent with the planning–control model, however, recent behavioral data reveal a spatial repulsion effect, indicating that the visual context surrounding the target can sometimes influence the on-line control of goal-directed action.
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES
Authors: Robert E. Cone, Arthur G. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid complexes, a potent adjuvant to the immune response, were tested for action on thymic-influenced and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes in model systems deficient in one or the other of these cells. Adult mice, thymectomized at birth or mice treated with heterologous antithymocyte serum produced 90-95% fewer splenic rosette-forming cells than normal mice in response to an injection of sheep erythrocytes. Intravenous injection of complexes of homoribopolynucleotides, polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids, poly A:U with SRBC restored immunologic competence to NTx- or ATS-treated mice such that they produced normal or near normal levels of splenic RFC. In addition, injection of poly A:U enabled NTx mice to reject allogeneic skin grafts at the same rate as control mice with an intact thymus. Further reduction in residual thymocytes by combining neonatal thymectomy with ATS treatment reduced the number of anti-SRBC RFC induced by poly A:U. Lethally irradiated mice which received SRBC, excess bone marrow cells, and as few as 40,000 thymic lymphocytes were stimulated by poly A:U to produce RFC. No adjuvant effect was observed when irradiated mice received excess thymic lymphocytes and low doses of bone marrow cells with poly A:U. The results suggested that the adjuvant action of poly A:U was exerted on the thymic-influenced, antigen-reactive cell and that restoration of immunocompetence to NTx- or ATS-treated mice was caused by amplification of a small number of residual antigen-reactive cells which were influenced by the thymus in utero before thymectomy, or which survived treatment with ATS.
School Survey Shows Asthma and Eczema are Still Increasing in Tokyo
Authors: M. Futamura, Y. Ohya, M. Akashi, N. Kojima, K. Akiyama, K. Takahashi, T. Nakagawa, F. Kobayashi, A. Eboshida, H. Nakamura, H. Odajima, Y. Adachi, A. Akasawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)