tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Concentration Changes During Flushing and Pulmonary Removal of Serotonin in Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome.
Authors: Richard B. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Studies of Concentration Changes During Flushing and Pulmonary Removal of Serotonin in Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome.Richard B. Davis, M.D., Yang Wang, M.D., F.A.C.P.Richard B. Davis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Yang Wang, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-720_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFour patients with metastatic carcinoids were studied by cardiac catheterization. Two patients had valvular disease (mean serum serotonin concentrations, 2.53 and 2.12 µg/ml); two did not (mean concentrations, 3.05 and 0.71 µg/ml). Before and during flushing simultaneous blood samples were obtained from the hepatic vein, pulmonary artery, and aorta for fluorometric assay of serotonin and histamine. Norepinephrine (8 µg), epinephrine (2 µg), and ethanol (20%, 10 ml) injected in the pulmonary artery, precipitated flushing. No change in serotonin during flushing occurred in one patient. In three patients moderate or striking elevations of plasma serotonin occurred in at least one attack... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 720-721KeywordsAttentionCatheterizationEpinephrineEthanolHistamineNorepinephrinePulmonary arteriesSerotoninValvular diseasesVeins Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tobacco and Alcohol Use in G-Rated Children's Animated Films
Authors: Adam O. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Tobacco and alcohol use among youth are major public health problems, but the extent to which children are routinely exposed to tobacco and alcohol products in children's films is unknown.To identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with tobacco and alcohol use portrayed in G-rated, animated feature films. Design All G-rated, animated feature films released between 1937 and 1997 by 5 major production companies (Walt Disney Co, MGM/United Artists, Warner Brothers Studios, Universal Studios, and 20th Century Fox) that were available on videotape were reviewed for episodes of tobacco and alcohol use.Presence of tobacco and alcohol use in each film, type of tobacco or alcohol used, duration of use, type of character using substance (bad, neutral, or good), and any associated effects.Of 50 films reviewed, 34 (68%) displayed at least 1 episode of tobacco or alcohol use. Twenty-eight (56%) portrayed 1 or more incidences of tobacco use, including all 7 films released in 1996 and 1997. Twenty-five films (50%) included alcohol use. Smoking was portrayed on screen by 76 characters for more than 45 minutes in duration; alcohol use was portrayed by 63 characters for 27 minutes. Good characters use tobacco and alcohol as frequently as bad characters. Cigars and wine are shown in these films more often than other tobacco or alcohol substances.More than two thirds of animated children's films feature tobacco or alcohol use in story plots without clear verbal messages of any negative long-term health effects associated with use of either substance.
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In his foreword to the first (1982) edition of<i>Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention</i>, Lilienfeld noted, "Less than forty years ago, cancer was regarded as... a natural concomitant of the aging process. As a result of the gradual accumulation of evidence, climaxed by the epidemiologic studies that implicated cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer, a major conceptual change regarding the nature of cancer occurred.... This paradigmatic shift [has yielded] the basis for seriously considering methods of cancer prevention and control." The second edition of this monumental work details the current status of epidemiologic knowledge and how the accumulating evidence sustains and enhances that paradigmatic shift. The field is advancing so rapidly that even during the period of this edition's preparation, the early 1990s, age-adjusted cancer mortality in the United States finally turned downward after rising for decades. After introducing basic concepts of cancer epidemiology and providing information on its
A Report to the New England Surgical Society Concerning the American Board of Surgery
Authors: Samuel C. Harvey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE American Board of Surgery, established in 1937, has completed the first ten years of its activities. It seems appropriate that the present representative on the Board of the New England Surgical Society should report upon its accomplishments and the lessons learned during this time.It is best, perhaps, to start with the reasons for its establishment. These were in general two: the chaotic situation regarding the qualifications that might reasonably be expected of a surgeon; and the inadequacy, both in quantity and in quality, of opportunities for obtaining the experience necessary to prepare one to meet these qualifications.It . . .
Cardiac Complications Following Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
Authors: Richard J. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Thousands of people in the United States poison themselves with tricyclic antidepressants each year. While these patients often require cardiac monitoring for potential arrhythmias, clinical practice is highly variable in regard to the hours of monitoring required. Clarification of this issue is important because of the impact on resources. This study retrospectively reviews the monitoring practices and cardiac complications following tricyclic antidepressant overdose in 75 adults. The patients received an average of 61.7 hours of monitoring. The vast majority of electrocardiographic changes, including three cardiac arrests, appeared within the first 24 hours. No patient with a normal level of consciousness and a normal electrocardiogram for 24 hours went on to develop any significant arrhythmia. On the basis of these data and an extensive literature review, we propose that current guidelines for cardiac monitoring following tricyclic antidepressant overdose be reconsidered. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1772-1775)
Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery
Authors: Donald J. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The subject is comprehensively treated in an appropriately aesthetic binding and format. In the first part, after introductory sections on philosophy and anatomy, the techniques and results of mammary augmentation, reduction, and revision are photographically illustrated with the aid of clear drawings. The second main topic is reconstruction, also fully illustrated and supplied with technical details of the most commonly used and most recent procedures. The anatomy of musculocutaneous flaps is carefully laid out. The presentation is lavish, using wide spacing for both text and illustrations and reprinting colored pictures so that the reader will not have to turn to another page. Cosmetic surgery can offer an aesthetically pleasing bust to women who may be deprived by nature or disease, but the task is complex. In addition to the uncertainties of individual judgment as to what is pleasing, the choices among variations of technique cannot be based on scientific evidence
Continuous Negative External Chest Pressure Decreases Transvascular Lung Water Transport in Sheep after Pseudomonas Bacteremia
Authors: Peter Krumpe, Arnold Bernard Gorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We studied the effects of continuous negative external chest pressure (CNECP) produced by a cuirass appliance on lung water and protein transport in sheep with chronic lung lymphatic fistulas. We compared data obtained during periods of mechanical ventilation (base line) to period of CNECP, using identical ventilatory support. Three groups were studied: six sheep were studied before and after application of CNECP for 1 h (control) and again after induction of a pulmonary vascular permeability defect (PVPD) by infusing live Pseudomonas bacteria (group I); another six sheep were studied under control conditions before and after prolonged application of CNECP for over 4 h (group II); 10 sheep were studied 24 h after a Pseudomonas infusion (PVPD), before and after 4 h of CNECP (group III).
Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Lung Cancer Among Men and Women
Authors: D. Feskanich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Diets high in fruits and vegetables have been shown to be associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. β-Carotene was hypothesized to be largely responsible for the apparent protective effect, but this hypothesis was not supported by clinical trials. Methods: We examined the association between lung cancer risk and fruit and vegetable consumption in 77 283 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 47 778 men in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. Diet was assessed with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire that included 15 fruits and 23 vegetables. We used logistic regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs) of lung cancer within each cohort. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We documented 519 lung cancer cases among the women and 274 among the men. Total fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of lung cancer among the women but not among the men. The RR for the highest versus lowest quintile of intake was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59–1.06) among the women and 1.12 (95% CI = 0.74–1.69) among the men after adjustment for smoking status, quantity of cigarettes smoked per day, time since quitting smoking, and age at initiation of smoking. However, total fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer among never smokers in the combined cohorts, although the reduction was not statistically significant (RR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.35–1.12 in the highest tertile). Conclusion: Higher fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with lower risks of lung cancer in women but not in men. It is possible that the inverse association among the women remained confounded by unmeasured smoking characteristics, although fruits and vegetables were protective in both men and women who never smoked.
Beclomethasone Aerosol— A Note of Reassurance
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Biological therapeutic agents with negative feedback effects often pose serious problems when they are rapidly withdrawn from a patient who has taken them for a long time. For example, suppression of thyrotropic function by thyroid preparations can persist for several months after cessation of therapy. The patient becomes temporarily hypothyroid even if he was originally euthyroid. Thyroid function tests to determine the original state can be misleading under these circumstances. Similarly confusing may be the temporary cessation of menstruation, consequent on lingering suppression of pituitaryovarian function after discontinuance of estrogen intake. The uncertainty about pregnancy may be worrisome. Much more serious is the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function that lingers after withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy. Without the support of exogenous corticosteroids, the patient is unable to cope with stress, eg, trauma or infection. This potential hazard of sudden withdrawal enters into consideration when the treatment of a steroid-dependent asthmatic patient
Carcinoma of the Thyroid following Irradiation
Authors: A. W. G. Goolden
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MEDICAL JOURNAkLwas made to establish the exact extent of the disease.It was obvious that the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper rectum were maximally affected.The rest of the colon appeared to be quite normal.There was no evidence that a small perforation had occurred in the past.The left third of the transverse colon was included in the resection, and this was carried down to the rectum to within 2 cm.above the peritoneal reflexion.An end-to-end anastomosis was performed, the mesenteric opening closed, and the abdomen sutured without drainage.Micropathology.-There was intense subacute inflamma- tion of the submucosa with areas of ulceration, and mucosal regeneration at the edges of the desquamated areas.Exudate consisted mainly of eosinophil and plasma-cell type.Lymph nodes were the seat of hypertrophy.Post-operatively the child received 150 ml. of blood and repeated subcutaneous infusions.On the third day he passed two blood-stained motions and his general condition was very satisfactory.Laboratory investigations: Hb, 84% serum electrolytes normal.Progress.-Despiteslight vomiting, small oral feeds- 1 oz.(28 ml.) of milk and 1 oz.(28 ml.) of water-were persisted with; and on the fourth day there was no vomiting, and the feeds were increased to 4 oz.(114 ml.) of milk, 1 oz.(28 ml.) of water, 1 dr.(4 g.) of glucose, and one tablet of sodium citrate four-hourly.By the sixth day the child was on full normal feeds and was having four to six motions a day.No blood or mucus was present.On the twelfth day the wound was well healed, and four days later the child was allowed home.The number of stools has gradually decreased to two a day, with an occasional streak of blood but no mucus.He gained approximately 1 lb. (450g.) a week for the first two months, and since then the gain has continued steadily.His weight was 29 lb.(13.2 kg.) at' the age of 2 years.
Feldshers and Feldsherism
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A LONG overdue debate is emerging in the United States on the role in health-care services of personnel trained not as physicians but in other professional roles. A few recent examples are analyses of the current or projected role of the nurse,1 , 2 the social worker,3 the midwife,4 , 5 the military eorpsman6 and the "physician's assistant."7 , 8 Highly relevant to this debate is the long experience of the Soviet Union — and, previously, of Russia — with a special kind of medical person: the feldsher.The US-USSR Health Exchange Program, a part of the US-USSR Cultural Exchange Agreement, gave me the opportunity to . . .
Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.
Authors: J A Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

fibrosing alveolitis"8 with the addition of giant cells.In immune disease stimulation and later failure of affected endocrines may be a by-product of the antibody response.Preliminary studies by me of three thyroid patients showed reversal of hyperthyroidism on 15 mg daily of prednisone.The first case, with sarcoid hyperthyroidism, remains euthyroid three months after prednisone was withdrawn.Massive doses of steroids are not always necessary to "block" the thyroid overaction.Hyperthyroidism complicated by temporary myasthenia is rare, but early in- vestigation is important because it may be caused by sarcoidosis.Steroid treatment of myasthenia gravis may be more effective if started sooner.-Iam, etc.,
Plasma Heparin Levels
Authors: H. ENGELBERG
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Endogenous plasma heparin was determined in 147 males and 113 females. Serum cholesterol was measured in the entire group, and low-density lipoproteins were ultracentrifugally analyzed in 131 males aud 77 females. Statistical analysis of the data showed a definitely significant ( p &lt;.01) negative correlation between heparin on the one hand and serum cholesterol and Sf 12-400 lipoproteins on the other in males. In females the correlation between heparin and cholesterol was negative but fell short of the 5 per cent level of significance. The correlation between heparin and Sf 12-400 lipoproteins was negative and statistically definitely significant ( p &lt;.01). The correlation with the Sf 0-12 lipoproteins was also negative and probably significant ( p &lt;.05). These results afford substantial evidence that a relative deficiency of circulating heparin rin is one of the important causative factors leading to elevated levels of serum lipid.
Exposure to Tobacco Smoke <i>in Utero</i> and Subsequent Plasma Lipids, ApoB, and CRP among Adult Women in the MoBa Cohort
Authors: Lea A. Cupul-Uicab, Rolv Skjaerven, Kjell Haug, Gregory S. Travlos, Ralph E. Wilson, Merete Eggesbø, Jane A. Hoppin, Kristina W. Whitworth, Matthew P. Longnecker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Recent findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may play a role in the development of metabolic alterations in offspring during childhood. However, whether such exposure increases the risk of developing similar metabolic alterations during adulthood is uncertain.We evaluated the association of in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoke with plasma lipids, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood.The study was based on a subsample of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and included 479 pregnant women with plasma lipids, apoB, and CRP measurements. Information on in utero exposure to tobacco smoke, personal smoking, and other factors were obtained from the women by a self-completed questionnaire at enrollment, at approximately 17 weeks of gestation.Women exposed to tobacco smoke in utero had higher triglycerides [10.7% higher; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.9, 17.9] and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (-1.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.3, 0.5) compared with unexposed women, after adjusting for age, physical activity, education, personal smoking, and current body mass index (BMI). Exposed women were also more likely to have triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dL [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.1] and HDL < 50 mg/dL (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.0). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apoB were not associated with the exposure. CRP was increased among exposed women; however, after adjustment for BMI, the association was completely attenuated.In this population, in utero exposure to tobacco smoke was associated with high triglycerides and low HDL in adulthood, 18-44 years after exposure.
Facts for Childless Couples
Authors: Robert B. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The second edition of this book appears some 18 years and 5 printings after Dr. Hamblen's original offering. The author has endeavored to maintain the simplicity of scope and purpose of the first edition, while remodeling the original material with new facts and concepts. As the title implies, the book was written for the lay public. The material is presented in a logical manner and explained simply with clarity and brevity; it can easily be read in one evening, and should be readily comprehensible to anyone with a good high school education. However, it is not so elementary as to be uninteresting to those practitioners and medical students who are unfamiliar with the available diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The book outlines an orderly, scientific approach to the problem of sterility. It is divided into 11 chapters, beginning with some general considerations of causes of sterility. What will be expected of
The Need for Controlled Clinical Studies in Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: MERLE A. SANDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

In recent years in-vitro and in-vivo studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the action of antimicrobial agents and have opened new potential avenues for treatment of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, little interest or financial support has been available to test these observations in rigid, controlled clinical studies. New regimens have thus been used without proof of increased efficacy or reduced toxicity over old regimens. Carefully controlled clinical trials are particularly needed to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and cost of newly developed regimens in the therapy of chronic bacterial and fungal infections.
Fexofenadine is efficacious and safe in children (aged 6-11 years) with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ulrich Wahn, Eli O. Meltzer, Albert F. Finn, Marek L. Kowalski, Paola Decosta, Gunilla Hedlin, Pierre Scheinmann, Claus Bachert, Jose E. Rosado Pinto, Carlos Baena-Cagnani, Paul Potter, F. Estelle R. Simons, Erik Ruuth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Flumazenil for hepatic encephalopathy grade III and IVa in patients with cirrhosis: An italian multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Giuseppe Barbaro, Gabriella Di Lorenzo, Maurizio Soldini, Giuseppe Giancaspro, Giorgio Bellomo, Giancarlo Belloni, Benvenuto Grisorio, Mauro Annese, Donato Bacca, Ruggiero Francavilla, Giorgio Barbarini
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The rationale for use of benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is based on the so-called benzodiazepine pathogenetic hypothesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). To assess the efficacy of flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, in a large and selected population of cirrhotic patients with severe HE, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial on 527 cirrhotic patients with HE grade III and IVa admitted to Intensive Care Units over a 5-year period; among them, 265 (132 of grade III and 133 of grade IVa) received flumazenil, whereas 262 (130 of grade III and 132 of grade IVa) received placebo. Treatment was begun within 15 minutes of randomization; the response to treatment was assessed by neurological score and by continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Improvement of the neurological score was documented in 17.5% of grade III patients treated with flumazenil and in 14.7% of grade IVa patients, compared, respectively, with 3.8% and 2.7% of the patients of both groups treated with placebo. Improvements in EEG tracings were observed in 27.8% of grade III patients and in 21.5% of grade IVa patients, compared, respectively, with 5% and 3.3% of the patients of both groups treated with placebo. Benzodiazepines were detected in the serum of 10 patients (4 in grade III group and 6 in grade IVa group). Flumazenil is beneficial only in a selected subset of cirrhotic patients with severe HE; the applicability of this treatment to unselected patients with severe HE still remains to be determined.
Postoperative hypoxia in a woman with Down's syndrome: case presentation: Table 1
Authors: A K Siotia, A Chaudhuri, S I Muzulu, D Harling, R Muthusamy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Miss Webb, a 24 year old woman with Down's syndrome, was referred by her general practitioner to the gynaecology outpatient clinic. She gave a one year history of heavy and irregular periods, general lethargy, and a painful abdominal lump, which examination showed to be an umbilical hernia. She had no serious medical history (including congenital heart disease) and she was not taking any regular medicine. She lived with her mother, who was her main carer.

Attempts at insertion of a levonorgestrel intrauterine …
Soluble substances released from postischemic reperfused rat hearts reduce calcium transient and contractility by blocking the l-type calcium channel
Authors: Stephan B Felix, Verena Stangl, Peter Pietsch, Peter Bramlage, Alexander Staudt, Sabine Bartel, Ernst-Georg Krause, Jörn-Uwe Borschke, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke, Gerrit Isenberg, Gert Baumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)