tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mobilization after Two and Nine Days in Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M. J. Hayes, G. K. Morris, J. R. Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 189 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction were selected at random for early or late mobilization and discharge from hospital. Patients were admitted to the study after 48 hours in a coronary care unit if they were free of pain and showed no evidence of heart failure or significant dysrhythmia. Randomization was achieved by monthly cross-over of the three medical wards to which the patients were discharged. One group of patients was mobilized immediately and discharged home after a total of nine days in hospital, and the second group was mobilized on the ninth day and discharged on the 16th day. Out-patient assessment was carried out six weeks after admission. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of mortality or morbidity, as reflected by the incidence of recurrent chest pain or myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmia, or venous thromboembolism detected either clinically or by <sup>125</sup>I-labelled fibrinogen scanning.
Mineral dusts cause elastin and collagen breakdown in the rat lung: a potential mechanism of dust-induced emphysema.
Authors: K Li, B Keeling, A Churg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

It is now accepted that workers with exposure to mineral dusts can develop airflow obstruction. The basis of this process is uncertain, but carefully performed morphologic studies suggest that coal, silica, and perhaps other dusts may produce emphysema in humans. To investigate the mechanisms involved in this process, we administered crystalline silica (quartz) or titanium dioxide (rutile) to rats in a single intratracheal instillation. At varying times after instillation, the animals' lungs were lavaged, the lavageate from one lung was dried and hydrolyzed, and the amounts of desmosine (DES),as a measure of elastin breakdown, and hydroxyproline (HP), as a measure of collagen breakdown, were determined. The lavageate from the other lung was counted for inflammatory cells. Both silica and titanium dioxide caused a dose-dependent increase in DES and HP 24 h after instillation. When an equivalent dose (30 mg) of silica or rutile was administered and animals were sacrificed at various times up to 21 d, a sustained increase in lavage DES and HP was seen in the silica-treated animals, and this was accompanied by a sustained increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN); in contrast, both lavage PMN and lavage DES/HP rapidly peaked and then declined in the titanium dioxide-treated animals. Numbers of macrophages remained elevated over the 21-d period of sacrifice with both types of treatment. These data show for the first time that mineral dusts can cause connective-tissue breakdown in the lung, with the release of matrix components into the alveolar spaces. The amount of connective-tissue breakdown appears to parallel the number of PMN but not the number of macrophages in the alveolar spaces, suggesting that PMN-derived proteolytic enzymes are responsible for the breakdown. This process probably plays a role in dust-induced emphysema.
Autoimmune thyroid disease and pregnancy.
Authors: J How, A W Thomson, R M Scott, L M Gerrie, A S Khir, P D Bewsher
Journal: BMJ (1984)

volume and with degree of insulin sensitivity in vivo.4 5 We propose that an increase in androgenic activity may result in enlargement of abdominal fat cells and thus a high waist to hips girth ratio, leading to the development of insulin resistance both in adipose tissue and in other metabolically active tissues-such as skeletal muscle6-which in turn results in the development of metabolic aberrations and hence in an increased susceptibility to coronary heart disease.As previously suggested, measurement of waist to hips girth ratio is a simple practical means of assessing body fat distribution, comparing well with more complex indices such as those based on skinfold thicknesses or the brachiofemoral adipomuscular ratio (paper by D J Evans and others presented at the proceedings of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity in Ploughkeepsie, New York, 1982), and may provide a useful marker of predisposition to metabolic aberra- tions and cardiovascular disease.
Inhibition of PKCɛ Improves Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Reduces Insulin Clearance
Authors: Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer, D. Ross Laybutt, James G. Burchfield, Ebru Gurisik, Sakura Narasimhan, Christopher J. Mitchell, David J. Pedersen, Uschi Braun, Gregory J. Cooney, Michael Leitges, Trevor J. Biden
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Law and the Social Role of Science
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Most physicians are familiar with the many areas in which their medical knowledge confronts the law and with the legal issues surrounding clinical research. They are not as familiar as they should be, however, with the legal problems arising out of research in the behavioral, rather than natural, sciences. There is an interesting difference in emphasis between controls for medical and for behavioral research. The emphasis in the latter is on the protection of the right of the subject's privacy. In medical research, though privacy is respected, the emphasis is on protection of the subject's health. The overall goals designed to require well planned and conducted research programs are rather similar, however. Little hope is expressed that the methods of contemporary science provide any pat analogy that can be taken over bodily from one or more of the natural sciences for the modernization and enrichment of legal inquiry—one form of
Influence of Blood Viscosity on Blood Flow and the Effect of Low Molecular Weight Dextran
Authors: J. A. Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Changes in whole blood viscosity are related to changes in the leg blood flow during infusions of low-molecular-weight dextran and Hartmann9s solution. A close inverse correlation exists between changes in viscosity and blood flow, the change in blood flow being about three times greater than the change in blood viscosity. The dextran and Hartmann9s solution had a similar effect on blood viscosity and blood flow if corrections are made for the difference in haemodilution.
Educating Health Professionals about Drug and Device Promotion: Advocates' Recommendations
Authors: Peter R Mansfield, Joel Lexchin, Leana S Wen, Luisella Grandori, Christopher P McCoy, Jerome R Hoffman, Joana Ramos, Jon N Jureidini
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

campaign to raise awareness of the infl uence of the pharmaceutical industry upon clinical practice
One Year's Experience With a Noninvasively Monitored Intermediate Care Unit for Pulmonary Patients
Authors: Bruce P. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Many studies have shown that selected cardiac patients can be safely and economically cared for in intermediate care units rather than intensive care units. However, there are only limited data concerning intermediate care units for pulmonary patients. We prospectively followed up all Medicare patients from May 5, 1987, through May 4, 1988, who were admitted to a pulmonary noninvasive monitoring unit. Ninety-four patients were admitted 104 times; 33 required mechanical ventilatory support for an average of 26 days. The overall cost savings were greater than $173 000, while high-quality medical care was maintained. We conclude that a noninvasive monitoring unit can be effectively used as an alternative to the intensive care unit for selected pulmonary patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1143-1146)
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fish Intake on Serum Lipids and Glycemic Control in NIDDM: A randomized controlled study
Authors: David W Dunstan, Trevor A Mori, Ian B Puddey, Lawrie J Beilin, Valerie Burke, Alan R Morton, Kim G Stanton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The triglyceride-lowering effects of ω-3 fats and HDL cholesterol-raising effects of exercise may be appropriate management for dyslipidemia in NIDDM. However, fish oil may impair glycemic control in NIDDM. The present study examined the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and the incorporation of fish into a low-fat (30% total energy) diet on serum lipids and glycemic control in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a controlled, 8-week intervention, 55 sedentary NIDDM subjects with serum triglycerides &amp;gt; 1.8 mmol/l and/or HDL cholesterol &amp;lt; 1.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (30% daily energy intake) with or without one fish meal daily (3.6 g ω-3/day) and further randomized to a moderate (55–65% VO2max) or light (heart rate &amp;lt; 100 bpm) exercise program. An oral glucose tolerance test (75 g), fasting serum glucose, insulin, lipids, and GHb were measured before and after intervention. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was performed throughout. RESULTS In the 49 subjects who completed the study, moderate exercise improved aerobic fitness (VO2max) by 12% (from 1.87 to 2.07 l/min, P = 0.0001). Fish consumption reduced triglycerides (0.80 mmol/l, P = 0.03) and HDL3 cholesterol (0.05 mmol/l, P = 0.02) and increased HDL2 cholesterol (0.06 mmol/l, P = 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, and changes in body weight, fish diets were associated with increases in GHb (0.50%, P = 0.05) and self-monitored glucose (0.57 mmol/l, P = 0.0002), which were prevented by moderate exercise. CONCLUSIONS A reduced fat diet incorporating one daily fish meal reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL2 cholesterol in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients. Associated deterioration in glycemic control can be prevented by a concomitant program of moderate exercise.
A homologue of Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled is expressed in migrating myofibroblasts in the infarcted rat heart
Authors: W. Matthijs Blankesteijn, Yvonne P.G. Essers-Janssen, Monique J.A. Verluyten, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Jos F.M. Smits
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Intravitreal Bevacizumab or Laser Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema (BOLT Study)
Authors: Michel Michaelides, Andrew Kaines, Robin D. Hamilton, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Ranjan Rajendram, Fahd Quhill, Christopher J. Boos, Wen Xing, Catherine Egan, Tunde Peto, Catey Bunce, R. David Leslie, Philip G. Hykin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
CD7/CD56-positive acute myeloid leukemias are characterized by constitutive phosphorylation of the NF-kB subunit p65 at Ser536
Authors: A Morotti, G Parvis, D Cilloni, U Familiari, M Pautasso, M Bosa, F Messa, F Arruga, I Defilippi, R Catalano, V Rosso, S Carturan, E Bracco, A Guerrasio, G Saglio
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
914-68 SDZ GPI 562, an Oral Peptidomimetic Inhibitor of the Platelet GpII b III a Abolishes Epinephrine and Shear Induced Cyclic Flow Reductions in Stenosed Monkey Carotid Arteries
Authors: Heather Demrow, Craig Batley, John D. Folts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Is Computed Tomographic Colonography Being Held to a Higher Standard?
Authors: Samita Garg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Recent guidelines for colorectal cancer screening have reached different conclusions on whether computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is an acceptable screening option, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services recently decided not to cover CTC screening. The rationale against recommending or covering CTC screening includes concerns about radiation exposure, false-negative rates for small polyps, the discovery of extracolonic findings, variability in performance, a lack of targeted studies, a higher adenoma rate in the Medicare-eligible age group, and an absence of evidence that covering CTC would increase overall screening rates. Similar concerns can be raised for other recommended and covered colon cancer screening tests, but it seems that CTC is being held to a new and higher standard.
Trial halted after drug cuts maternal HIV transmission rate by two thirds
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of collagenase and stromelysin gene expression by interferon-gamma in human dermal fibroblasts is mediated in part via induction of tryptophan degradation.
Authors: J Varga, T Yufit, R R Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The expression of the matrix-degrading enzymes collagenase and stromelysin is modulated by a variety of biologic and pharmacologic agents. IFN-gamma has potent effects on metalloproteinase production and therefore may play an important role in preventing excessive connective tissue degradation during inflammation and repair. We investigated the mechanisms of collagenase and stromelysin regulation by IFN-gamma in human dermal fibroblasts. IFN-gamma (300 U/ml) prevented the stimulation of metalloproteinase gene expression by IL-1 beta. In addition, incubation of fibroblasts with IFN-gamma resulted in a marked increase in cellular indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA, a > 90% depletion of tryptophan, and a corresponding > 30-fold increase in the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine in the culture media. Reducing the concentration of tryptophan from 25 microM to 0 markedly diminished the ability of fibroblasts to increase collagenase and stromelysin mRNA and collagenase production in response to IL-1 beta. Addition of exogenous tryptophan (25-50 micrograms/ml) to cultures that had been tryptophan depleted by pretreatment with IFN-gamma for 48 h restored the fibroblast response to IL-1 beta or PMA, but had no effect on IFN-gamma-induced HLA-DR alpha chain mRNA expression. These results indicate that inhibition of collagenase and stromelysin gene expression by IFN-gamma in fibroblasts is associated with activation of IDO and enhanced cellular tryptophan metabolism. Tryptophan degradation and ensuing tryptophan depletion may account, at least in part, for the inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on metalloproteinase production in dermal fibroblasts.
Routine vaccination for tuberculosis ends in UK
Authors: Pat Hagan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK government is to end routine vaccination against tuberculosis for schoolchildren and plans to switch instead to targeted jabs for those most at risk. From September, the BCG vaccination will be reserved for babies born in areas of high risk and children whose families originate from countries with high rates of tuberculosis, the chief medical officer for England, Liam Donaldson, announced last week.

Professor Donaldson said that, in recent years, various expert committees had looked at making such a switch but that ministers wanted to be certain that children would not be put at risk. “This was first talked about in the …
Apoptotic cell thrombospondin-1 and heparin-binding domain lead to dendritic-cell phagocytic and tolerizing states
Authors: Alon Krispin, Yaniv Bledi, Mizhir Atallah, Uriel Trahtemberg, Inna Verbovetski, Efrat Nahari, Orly Zelig, Michal Linial, Dror Mevorach
Journal: Blood (2006)
Genetic Information, Genomic Technologies, and the Future of Drug Discovery
Authors: Thomas F. Bumol
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The completion of the first draft of the human genome has provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the genetic and molecular basis of disease. Parallel developments of new biological technologies, such as transcript profiling, allow scientists to examine almost any biological system in high molecular resolution. Contemporary drug discovery research is now focusing on the identification and validation of pharmaceutical targets in the molecular pathways/systems embedded in this information. Novel therapeutic interventions are being developed and evaluated as a result of this research which will be the basis of innovative pharmaceuticals of the future.
Single- vs Divided-Dose Ceftriaxone Therapy for Meningitis-Reply
Authors: Richard F. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The plasma protein binding of ceftriaxone is distinctly nonlinear and concentration dependent, with a free fraction that increases from approximately 4% to 17% over a total serum concentration range of 0.5 to 300 mg/L.<sup>1</sup>Contrary to Drs McCarthy and Powell's interpretation of previous work (their reference 5) that a single large dose of ceftriaxone results in higher concentrations of free drug that are available for longer periods of time, previous investigations clearly demonstrate the following: (1) the mean steady state volume of distribution for unbound ceftriaxone<i>decreases</i>with increasing dose, thereby producing a decrease in the ratio of the drug in the body to the unbound ceftriaxone in plasma<sup>2</sup>; (2) the total serum clearance of ceftriaxone is dose dependent and increases in relation to increased free concentrations in plasma with increasing doses<sup>3</sup>; (3) the renal clearance of ceftriaxone increases with increasing dose<sup>4,5</sup>and decreases
The requirements of a major biological hypothesis
Authors: Alberto Malliani
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Abundant pathophysiological and clinical evidence suggests that the algogenic code responsible for cardiac pain is not based on “specific” mechanisms ( mcmahon ). Recent evidence, however, has led various authors to postulate that some degree of specificity might be involved in visceral pain arising from other sources, but a “spatio-temporal” intensity pattern is still the most plausible hypothesis for the genesis of visceral pain.
G-CSF receptor activation of the Src kinase Lyn is mediated by Gab2 recruitment of the Shp2 phosphatase
Authors: Muneyoshi Futami, Quan-sheng Zhu, Zakary L. Whichard, Ling Xia, Yuehai Ke, Benjamin G. Neel, Gen-Sheng Feng, Seth J. Corey
Journal: Blood (2011)
Imaging of the Hepatobiliary Tract
Authors: Sanjay Saini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Over the past two decades, ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) have emerged as the principal imaging methods for diagnostic examination of the liver and biliary tree. The other noninvasive imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), oral cholecystography, and nuclear scintigraphy, are used for difficult diagnostic problems, and invasive studies, such as angiography and direct cholangiography (transhepatic or retrograde), are increasingly used for treatment.Recent Technical AdvancesAdvances in electronics have improved diagnostic imaging. Perhaps the most important advance in liver imaging has been the introduction of helical or spiral CT scanning.1 With conventional CT scanners, the CT table remains . . .
Hemodynamic effects of octreotide in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: R D Hoeldtke, K M Davis, J Joseph, R Gonzales, I P Panidis, A C Friedman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The somatostatin analogue, ectrootide, is being used to treat postprandial hypotension in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Although the therapeutic effect of the drug is presumably secondary to a splanchnic vasoconstrictor action, its effect on splanchnic hemodynamics has never been characterized in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Moreover, it is unknown whether octreotide acts on other vascular beds in this group of patients or whether it affects cardiac output. We, therefore, measured splanchnic, forearm, and systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output before and after administering octreotide (0.4 microgram/kg s.c.) to patients with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Splanchnic blood flow was determined from the clearance of indocyanine green in seven patients. We observed that octreotide decreased splanchnic blood flow (from 850 +/- 77 to 664 +/- 48 ml/min, p less than 0.005), increased mean blood pressure (from 97 +/- 6 to 115 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.005), and increased splanchnic vascular resistance (from 0.118 +/- 0.012 to 0.18 +/- 0.018 mm Hg/ml/min, p less than 0.005). Forearm blood flow was measured by plethysmography in 13 patients. Octreotide increased forearm vascular resistance in patients with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy (n = 8) from 19.1 +/- 1.0 to 27.2 +/- 3.8 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml forearm volume (p less than 0.01) and from 25.2 +/- 3.9 to 41.0 +/- 6.8 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml (p less than 0.01) in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (n = 5). Cardiac output was measured by two-dimensional echocardiography. Octreotide administration increased cardiac output in five of six patients with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy (from 4.4 +/- 0.4 to 5.0 +/- 0.5 l/min, p less than 0.02) and five of five patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (from 3.8 +/- 0.4 to 5.1 +/- 0.4 l/min, p less than 0.02). Systemic vascular resistance increased in patients with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy from 21.2 +/- 2 to 24.9 +/- 2.6 (p less than 0.05) but did not change in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. CONCLUSION The pressor effect of octreotide in patients with autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased splanchnic and forearm vascular resistance and with increased cardiac output.
Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease
Authors: Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Herschel A. Carpenter, Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Autoimmune hepatitis may fail to respond to corticosteroid therapy, but the frequency and bases for this outcome are uncertain. We aimed to determine the frequency and nature of treatment failure in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, define features associated with its occurrence, and assess if the model for end-stage liver disease can predict this outcome. Patients failing conventional corticosteroid regimens were compared to patients who responded to similar regimens. Fourteen of 214 patients (7%) failed corticosteroid treatment. Patients who failed therapy were younger (33 +/- 3 years versus 48 +/- 1 years, P = 0.0008), had higher serum levels of bilirubin at accession (4.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dL versus 2.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dL, P = 0.02), presented acutely more frequently (43% versus 14%, P = 0.01), and had a higher frequency of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) DRB1*03 (93% versus 53%, P = 0.004) than did patients who achieved remission. An alternative disease (fatty liver disease) emerged in only 1 patient who failed therapy (7%). Scores determined by the model of end-stage liver disease at presentation of patients who failed treatment were higher than those of who achieved remission (16 +/- 1 versus 10 +/- 0.3 points, P < 0.0001), and score greater than 12 points had greater sensitivity (97%) and specificity (68%) for treatment failure than did HLA DRB1*03 or other features.Onset at an early age, acute presentation, hyperbilirubinemia, and presence of HLA DRB1*03 characterize patients who fail corticosteroid treatment. The model for end-stage liver disease may be a useful instrument for identifying patients prone to this outcome.