tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
comparative Clinical Reliability of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: R E Pecoraro, T D Koepsell, M S Chen, B A Lipsky, D W Belcher, T S Inui
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Because accurate determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) is difficult and relatively expensive in comparison with the modest cost and ready availability for tests of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), we examined the reliability of repeated measurements of FPG and GHb in typical diabetic outpatients taken in the usual clinical setting. We determined FPG and GHb concurrently on three separate occasions spanning 4 wk in 41 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and, for contrast, 5 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Most of the NIDDM subjects were obese, with initial FPG levels ranging from 93 to 355 mg/dl. The reliability of each test was estimated by calculatingtwo measures: the intraclass correlation coefficient (ρ1) and the coefficient of variation (CV) for the repeated test values. For NIDDM patients treated with diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), ρ1 for FPG, log(FPG), and GHb were very similar. For insulin-treated NIDDM patients, ρ1 for FPG was somewhat lower than the coefficient in other treatment groups, and the reliability of FPG by this measure did not match the reliability of GHb within the limits of statistical significance. By analyzing the CV of test values repeated within subject, the reliability of FPG did not differ from GHb in any of the NIDDM treatment groups. Although patients were recruited sequentially to minimize sample selection bias, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of the statistical analyses of reliability with either ρ1 or CV due to limitations imposed by small sample size. As anticipated, the reliability of FPG measurements among IDDM subjects was substantially lower than the test's reliability in NIDDM, whereas GHb appeared to show comparable reliability in both types of diabetes. We conclude that FPG is as reliable as GHb to indicate glycemic status in clinically stable outpatients with NIDDM treated with diet or oral agents. This contrasts with IDDM, in which the reliability of GHb is superior and FPG is unreliable.
Pivotal role of nuclear factor ?B signaling in anti-CD40-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Kiminori Kimura, Masahito Nagaki, Shinji Takai, Shinichi Satake, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) has a central role in coordinating the expression of a wide variety of genes that control immune responses and is also recognized as an antiapoptotic transcription factor. Here, we focused on the role of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the interaction between inflammatory cells and hepatocytes in liver inflammation. We found that pretreatment of mice with adenoviruses expressing a mutant form of the inhibitor kappaB superrepressor (Ad5IkappaB), a NF-kappaB inhibitor, reduced the migration of inflammatory cells and cytokine and chemokine expression in the liver 12 hours after a single intravenous injection of an anti-CD40 antibody (alphaCD40) compared with mice infected with control adenoviruses (Ad5LacZ). We also confirmed reductions in cytokine production by macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in the liver of Ad5IkappaB-treated mice by FACS analysis. However, alphaCD40 treatment in Ad5IkappaB-infected mice induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase at 24 hours, and the liver injury was associated with massive hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NK cells and T cells was increased and stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by macrophages in the Ad5IkappaB-infected liver. Moreover, the liver injury was completely suppressed by the administration of anti-IFN-gamma and anti-TNF-alpha. These results suggest that inhibition of NF-kappaB activity suppressed alphaCD40-induced liver inflammation at an early phase, resulting in a reduction in cytokine and chemokine production, whereas it sensitized hepatocytes to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and exacerbated liver injury at the late phase. In conclusion, NF-kappaB exerts pivotal activities at inflammatory sites, and caution should be exercised in NF-kappaB-targeted therapy of liver disease.
Delayed Perforation of a Strangulated Hernia
Authors: F. M. Bohan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reading the CLINICAL NOTE by Berk et al (239:2781, 1978), it seems to me that the most unusual aspect of this case is that the patient spent 13 days in the hospital with an obvious incarcerated hernia before she underwent laparotomy. In reviewing the history as presented, the patient had a persistently tender incisional mass. The patient had a diagnosis of an incarcerated, incisional hernia, yet laparotomy was not undertaken until her 13th hospital day when generalized peritoneal findings developed. It also appears unusual that while attempts were made to treat the symptoms of her recorded Gram-negative sepsis, no attempt was made to correct the underlying incarceration, which was the apparent source of the sepsis. The clinical course is, of course, prolonged for a patient with complete strangulation of an intestinal loop. However, the course would not be unusual for a patient with ischemia without necrosis
Re: Derya Tilki, Ergin Kilic, Robert Tauber, Dietrich Pfeiffer, Christian G. Stief, Roland Tauber and Süleyman Ergün. The Complex Structure of the Smooth Muscle Layer of Spermatic Veins and its Potential Role in the Development of Varicocele Testis. Eur Urol 2007;51:1402–10
Authors: Ayhan Verit
Journal: European Urology (2007)
AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Toni M. Brand, Mari Iida, Andrew P. Stein, Kelsey L. Corrigan, Cara M. Braverman, John P. Coan, Hannah E. Pearson, Harsh Bahrar, Tyler L. Fowler, Bryan P. Bednarz, Sandeep Saha, David Yang, Parkash S. Gill, Mark W. Lingen, Vassiliki Saloura, Victoria M. Villaflor, Ravi Salgia, Randall J. Kimple, Deric L. Wheeler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Standard-of-care treatments for patients with HNSCC include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In addition, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is often used in combination with these treatment modalities. Despite clinical success with these therapeutics, HNSCC remains a difficult malignancy to treat. Thus, identification of new molecular targets is critical.
DISTURBANCES OF THE METATARSAL ARCH
Authors: PHILIP LEWIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The subject of metatarsal arch disturbances is attaining the increasing importance it deserves. For a long period it was a general conception that nearly every condition occurring in this region was a "Morton's toe," named after the Philadelphian who described it in 1876. In 1889, Poullson of Lyons wrote on this subject. The term metatarsalgia, meaning pain in this region, is a symptom and does not describe the pathologic condition. The anatomy of the metatarsal region is very important. The skeleton of these parts consists of the metatarsal bases, shafts and heads. The proximal phalanges and sesamoids are accessory structures often closely allied to metatarsal disturbances. The metatarsophalangeal joints are simple ball and socket joints surrounded by capsules lined with synovial membrane. Like other joints, therefore, they are subject to stress, strain, injury, growth disturbance and infection. The muscles of this region are the plantar and dorsal interossei, the lumbricales
Suppression of Melatonin Secretion in Some Blind Patients by Exposure to Bright Light
Authors: Charles A. Czeisler, Theresa L. Shanahan, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Heinz Martens, Daniel J. Brotman, Jonathan S. Emens, Torsten Klein, Joseph F. Rizzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Complete blindness generally results in the loss of synchronization of circadian rhythms to the 24-hour day and in recurrent insomnia. However, some blind patients maintain circadian entrainment. We undertook this study to determine whether some blind patients' eyes convey sufficient photic information to entrain the hypothalamic circadian pacemaker and suppress melatonin secretion, despite an apparently complete loss of visual function.
Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity.
Authors: W A Pryor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This article consists of two parts: a brief overview of the ways in which free radicals can be involved in chemical carcinogenesis, and a review of cigarette smoke chemistry. Carcinogenesis is generally agreed to involve at least three stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. It is suggested that radicals sometimes are involved in the initiation step, either in the oxidative activation of a procarcinogen (such as benzo[a]pyrene) to its carcinogenic form or in the binding of the carcinogenic species to DNA, or both. The fraction of initiation events that involve radicals, as opposed to two-electron steps, is not known, but radicals probably are involved in a substantial number, although probably not a majority, of cancer initiation reactions. Promotion always involves radicals, at least to some extent. Progression probably does not normally involve radicals. The second part of this article reviews the molecular mechanisms involved in cigarette-induced tumors, particularly by aqueous cigarette tar (ACT) extracts and by a model of these solutions, aged solutions of catechol. ACT solutions as well as aged solutions of catechol contain a quinone-hydroquinone-semiquinone system that can reduce oxygen to produce superoxide and hence hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical. Both the cigarette tar radical and the catechol-derived radical can penetrate viable cells, bind to DNA, and cause nicks.
Rape and subsequent seroconversion to HIV.
Authors: S Murphy, P E Munday, D J Jeffries
Journal: BMJ (1990)

A propos d'une observation: une femme de 24 ans presente une infection par HIV 3 mois apres un viol par un homme seropositif atteint d'adenopathie. La victime ne presentait aucun des autres facteurs de risque. Toutes les victimes de viol doivent etre informees, conseillees et examinees, et les coupables devraient etre soumis a des examens obligatoires
Population-Based Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Orthostatic Hypotension in Subjects With Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes
Authors: Jin-Shang Wu, Yi-Ching Yang, Feng-Hwa Lu, Chih-Hsing Wu, Ru-Hsueh Wang, Chih-Jen Chang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-diabetes and orthostatic hypotension and to examine the prevalence and correlates of orthostatic hypotension in community dwellers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes, and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—All participants were classified as having NGT (n = 1,069), pre-diabetes (n = 412), or diabetes (n = 157). Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a decline in systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥20/10 mmHg when an individual changed from a supine to a standing position. The cardiovagal response to standing was the ratio between the longest RR interval around beat 30 and the shortest RR interval around beat 15 after standing (30 max–to–15 min ratio). RESULTS—The prevalences of orthostatic hypotension were 13.8, 17.7, and 25.5% in subjects with NGT, pre-diabetes, and diabetes, respectively. For all subjects, age, diabetes, hypertension, and a decreased 30 max–to–15 min ratio, but not pre-diabetes, were independently associated with orthostatic hypotension. Age, hypertension, and 30 max–to–15 min ratio were the correlates of orthostatic hypotension in NGT subjects. Age and hypertension were related to orthostatic hypotension in pre-diabetic subjects. A1C and hypertension were the determinants of orthostatic hypotension in diabetic subjects. Supine blood pressure was related to orthostatic hypotension in all subjects and subgroups. CONCLUSIONS—Pre-diabetic subjects do not have a higher risk of orthostatic hypotension than subjects with NGT, although the risk of orthostatic hypotension is higher in diabetic subjects. Hypertension and supine blood pressure were risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in both pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Age and A1C were the correlates of orthostatic hypotension in pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects, respectively. The cardiovagal response to standing is an important determinant of orthostatic hypotension in subjects with NGT but not in pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects.
Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome/Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Diabetes, at least type 2, has been recently described (facetiously?) as a state of heightened cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with hyperglycemia. Those of us who have spent our professional lives trying to lower glycemia might take umbrage at that, but there is no denying that ∼50% of type 2 diabetic patients at the time of diagnosis have cardiovascular disease, at least …
Sphingomyelin and ceramide are physiological ligands for human LMIR3/CD300f, inhibiting FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Kumi Izawa, Masamichi Isobe, Toshihiro Matsukawa, Shinichi Ito, Akie Maehara, Mariko Takahashi, Yoshinori Yamanishi, Ayako Kaitani, Toshihiko Oki, Ko Okumura, Toshio Kitamura, Jiro Kitaura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Seidman and Stevenson suggest that nicotine may be a teratogen and that providing a potentially toxic drug to pregnant women raises significant medical and ethical questions. There is no question that nicotine is a potentially toxic drug and even a teratogen. The critical issues in deciding to administer a potentially toxic drug to a patient include the likelihood of toxic effects in the doses and dosing regimens to be administered and the potential benefits vs risks of the therapy. Studies demonstrating direct toxic effects of nicotine in animals generally have used doses of nicotine higher than those consumed by tobacco users or delivered by nicotine replacement therapies. The relevance of animal toxicity studies to the understanding of the toxic effects of nicotine in humans is therefore still uncertain. On the other hand, we know without question that tobacco smoking during pregnancy may be highly injurious to the
The Syndromes of Androgen Resistance
Authors: James E. Griffin, Jean D. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The concept that endocrine disease can result from resistance to hormone action was elaborated in 1942 by Albright et al., who deduced that pseudohypoparathyroidism resulted from peripheral resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone.1 In 1957 Wilkins reported that the administration of methyltestosterone to a male pseudohermaphrodite with the syndrome of testicular feminization failed to result in virilization,2 and a large body of information has since indicated that this disorder is due to resistance to the action of androgen during both embryogenesis and postnatal life.3 Additional syndromes of androgen resistance that have also been delineated range from other types of . . .
Cardiac Stab Injury
Authors: Hung-Jen Hsieh, Pan-Fu Kao, Hsuan-Li Huang, Yu-Hsiang Chou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 46-year-old man complained of exertional dyspnea associated with chest tightness and was referred for a myocardial perfusion scan. The treadmill exercise test while achieving an 89% of target heart rate was negative for ischemia. The Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed a fixed perfusion defect at the midportion of the anterior wall of the left ventricle (LV). Tracing back the clinical history, the patient admitted a cardiac stab injury about 12 years earlier. The left ventricular cine-angiography revealed akinesia in the anteroseptal wall of the LV with normal coronary angiography. It was concluded that a myocardial scar following a cardiac stab injury may not be associated with coronary artery damage.
The Testes and the Prostate
Authors: Jean D. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The development of prostatic hyperplasia is an almost universal feature of aging men and dogs, and in both species the condition is a major cause of morbidity. Since prostatic hyperplasia does not develop in men (or dogs) castrated before puberty, the action of sex hormones appears to be critical for the development of the disorder, even though the role of hormones may be permissive rather than causal. As a result of studies of plasma hormone levels as a function of age in both species, measurements of the concentration of androgen and of androgen-receptor proteins within canine and human prostates, and . . .
Reduced Expression Of Prostaglandin E (pge2) Receptor Ep2 On Bronchial Mucosal Leukocytes In Aspirin Sensitive Asthma (asa) Compared With Non-aspirin-sensitive Asthma (nasa) And Healthy Controls (hc)
Authors: C.J. Corrigan, R. Napoli, Q. Meng, C. Fang, H.F. Wu, K. Tochiki, V. Reay, T.H. Lee, S. Ying
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Experience with total skin electron beam therapy in combination with extracorporeal photopheresis in the management of patients with erythrodermic (T4) mycosis fungoides
Authors: Lynn D. Wilson, Glenn W. Jones, David Kim, Don Rosenthal, Inger R. Christensen, Richard L. Edelson, Peter W. Heald, Barry M. Kacinski
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Medical Pharmacology: Principles and Concepts
Authors: Joseph R. DiPalma
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The conceptual design of this text is best described in the preface of the first edition, which appeared in 1961. Dr. Goth aimed to write a book presenting the essential core of pharmacological principles and concepts along with the main examples in each class of drugs, and minimum descriptions of the many available drug congeners. He succeeded in his aims, and the second edition is an updated and slightly expanded version of the first. Pharmacology has grown to be as ponderous a field as any in the medical sciences. The major texts, exceeding 1,500 pages, are beyond the capacities of a single author, and with their multiple authorship they lack continuity and conciseness. Such texts cannot be completely covered in the standard time alloted for a medical school course in introductory pharmacology. At the other extreme are the pocket editions which simply list drugs and facts shorn of theory and
Abstract 2381: Neoangiogenesis correlates with increased breast density, calcitonin gene related peptide positivity and cell proliferation seeking radiotracer uptake in mixed invasive ductal associated with <i>in situ</i>, but not in pure invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Vassilios Papantoniou, Angeliki Tsaroucha, Constantine Dimitrakakis, Spyridon Marinopoulos, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Athina Fothiadaki, Theodore Karianos, Aikaterini Archontaki, Maria Sotiropoulou, Konstantinos Syrgiannis, Aris Antsaklis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aim: To assess neoangiogenesis in relation to breast density (BD), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), cell proliferation seeking radiotracer 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake (SMM) in invasive ductal associated with extensive in situ carcinoma (DCIS + IDC) and in pure invasive breast carcinoma (IDC). Methods: 20 patients with histologically confirmed mixed DCIS + IDC (n=10) and pure IDC (n=10) were submitted preoperatively to mammography and scintimammography. The percentage of breast density (BD) and the percentage of tracer uptake (SMM) were calculated with computer assisted methods. CGRP and the number of newly formed blood vessels (NBV) were immunohistochemicaly assessed. NBV, BD, CGRP, and SMM were compared (t-test) between the two groups. Linear regression analysis was performed between NBV, BD, CGRP and SMM in both groups. Results: NBV, BD, CGRP and SMM were significantly higher in mixed DCIS + IDC as compared to pure IDC (32.1±10.4 vs 24.3±5 p=0.048, 35.2 ± 6.9 vs 25.6±10.7 p=0.028, 25.5±7.6 vs 17±7.8 p=0.024, 26.75±4.09 vs 11.34±8.5 p=0.0009). NBV was strongly correlated with BD and CGRP in the DCIS component of the mixed group (r=0.933 p&amp;lt;0.001, r=0.793 p&amp;lt;0.01 respectively). BD was also significantly correlated with CGRP and SMM in the DCIS component of the same group (r=0.974 p&amp;lt;0.001, r=0.728 p&amp;lt;0.05 respectively). In contrast, no significant correlation(NS) was found between NBV and BD, CGRP or between BD and CGRP, SMM in both the IDC component of mixed group and pure IDC group (r=0.388 NS, r=0.391 NS, r= − 0.597 NS, r= − 0.352 NS in the IDC component of mixed group; r=0.584 NS, r= 0.297 NS, r= − 0.574 NS, r= −0.294 NS in pure IDC respectively). Conclusion: Mixed DCIS + IDC lesions exhibit significantly increased NBV, BD, CGRP and SMM values as compared to those of IDC lesions. The strong correlation between neoangiogenesis and the other parameters in the mixed group indicates that the mixed DCIS + IDC constitutes a strictly different entity from pure IDC, more aggressive and probably originates from the stroma through the CGRP pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2381.
Genetic Variation at the <i>Phospholipid Transfer Protein</i> Locus Affects Its Activity and High-Density Lipoprotein Size and Is a Novel Marker of Cardiovascular Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Menno Vergeer, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Sally L. Ricketts, Nicholas J. Wareham, Morris J. Brown, Ulf de Faire, Karin Leander, Bruna Gigante, Maryam Kavousi, Albert Hofman, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, J. Wouter Jukema, Eric E. Schadt, Ellen van der Schoot, John J.P. Kastelein, Kay-Tee Khaw, Robin P.F. Dullaart, Arie van Tol, Mieke D. Trip, Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— In contrast to clear associations between variants in genes participating in low-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk, such associations for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–related genes are not well supported by recent large studies. We aimed to determine whether genetic variants at the locus encoding phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), a protein involved in HDL remodeling, underlie altered PLTP activity, HDL particle concentration and size, and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods and Results— We assessed associations between 6 PLTP tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and PLTP activity in 2 studies (combined n=384) and identified 2 variants that show reproducible associations with altered plasma PLTP activity. A gene score based on these variants is associated with lower hepatic PLTP transcription ( P =3.2×10 −18 ) in a third study (n=957) and with an increased number of HDL particles of smaller size ( P =3.4×10 −17 ) in a fourth study (n=3375). In a combination of 5 cardiovascular disease case-control studies (n=4658 cases and 11 459 controls), a higher gene score was associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk (per-allele odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.98; P =1.2×10 −3 ; odds ratio for highest versus lowest gene score, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.86; P =1.0×10 −3 ). Conclusions— A gene score based on 2 PLTP single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with lower PLTP transcription and activity, an increased number of HDL particles, smaller HDL size, and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate that PLTP is a proatherogenic entity and suggest that modulation of specific elements of HDL metabolism may offer cardiovascular benefit.