tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular defenses against Toxoplasma gondii in newborns.
Authors: C B Wilson, J E Haas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Mononuclear phagocytes, particularly macrophages (M phi) that have been activated by lymphokines, are the principal defense against intracellular pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii. To determine reasons for the newborns' susceptibility to Toxoplasma infection, we compared: the interaction of Toxoplasma with newborns' mononuclear phagocytes (blood monocytes and two types of newborn M phi, those derived from blood monocytes or from placental tissue) with adults' blood monocytes and monocyte-derived M phi and the production of M phi-activating lymphokines (MAF) by Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated newborn and adult blood mononuclear cells (MC). Newborn and adult monocytes killed Toxoplasma with equal efficiency. Similarly, survival and replication of Toxoplasma were comparable in control newborn and adult M phi. Exposure to adult ConA supernatants significantly decreased the survival and replication of Toxoplasma both in adult and newborn M phi. In contrast, exposure to cord blood ConA supernatants failed to affect the survival or the replication of Toxoplasma in newborn M phi and decreased the replication but not the survival of Toxoplasma in adult M phi. Exposure to ConA supernatants of peripheral blood MC from 2-5-d old newborns failed to affect survival or replication of Toxoplasma in newborn or adult M phi. Thus, both generation of MAF by newborn blood MC and response to newborn MAF by newborn M phi were impaired. Generation of MAF by adult blood mononuclear cells was not inhibited by cord blood MC nor was generation of MAF by cord blood MC increased by depletion of OKT8 antibody-binding cells, by depletion of adherent cells with or without addition of adult adherent cells, or by addition of indomethacin. Depletion of OKT4 antibody-binding cells abrogated the generation of MAF both by adult and cord blood MC. The activity of adult ConA supernatants was abrogated by dialysis at pH 2 or by addition of anti-gamma-interferon but not anti-alpha-interferon antibody. However, the correlation between antiviral interferon activity and anti-Toxoplasma activity was weak (r = 0.40). Enhanced M phi anti-Toxoplasma activity was not associated with detectably enhanced superoxide anion generation, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, or phagolysosome fusion, and was not inhibited by catalase, superoxide dismutase, or mannitol. These results indicate that generation of and response to MAF is decreased in cells from human newborns and that gamma-interferon may be the major MAF under these conditions.
Interactions between the stratum corneum and topically applied products: regulatory, instrumental and formulation issues with focus on moisturizers
Authors: M. Lodén
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Virtually everyone in Europe will use at least one cosmetic product every day. The extensive use of cosmetics and results from measurements of quality of life in patients with skin diseases demonstrate the importance of a healthy skin. The skin is not only a barrier against desiccation and intrusion of harmful materials, but also an organ of social communication, where dry, scaly, rough stratum corneum is unappealing to touch, inducing anxiety and depression. Knowledge about the skin biochemistry and the use of noninvasive instruments facilitate the development of topical products and quantification of their effects. The presentation of the products and mode of action determine the regulatory demands and the approval process, as they can fall into different regulatory entities, such as cosmetics, medicinal products, medical devices and as other chemical products. The majority of the topical products on the market are regulated as cosmetics. For example, facial skin care and daily moisturizing routines are frequently used. However, despite visible relief of dryness symptoms, some products are reported to result in deterioration of the skin barrier function. New clinical outcomes show important clinical differences between formulations and the relapse of eczema. In a worst case scenario, treatment with a moisturizing cream may increase the risks of eczema and asthma. In the present overview, product presentations and mode of actions are reflected against the regulatory demands in Europe. The regulations are continuously revisited and new guidelines are being implemented, such as the new cosmetic regulation with advice on testing and responsible marketing.
ATP11B mediates platinum resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Myrthala Moreno-Smith, J.B. Halder, Paul S. Meltzer, Tamas A. Gonda, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Chunhua Lu, Archana S. Nagaraja, Kshipra M. Gharpure, Yu Kang, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, Behrouz Zand, Rosemarie Schmandt, Hua Wang, Robert R. Langley, Nicholas B. Jennings, Cristina Ivan, Jeremy E. Coffin, Guillermo N. Armaiz, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Sang Bae Kim, Margaret S. Halleck, Mary J.C. Hendrix, William Bornman, Menashe Bar-Eli, Ju-Seog Lee, Zahid H. Siddik, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Platinum compounds display clinical activity against a wide variety of solid tumors; however, resistance to these agents is a major limitation in cancer therapy. Reduced platinum uptake and increased platinum export are examples of resistance mechanisms that limit the extent of DNA damage. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of the role of ATP11B, a P-type ATPase membrane protein, in cisplatin resistance. We found that ATP11B expression was correlated with higher tumor grade in human ovarian cancer samples and with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell lines. ATP11B gene silencing restored the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin in vitro. Combined therapy of cisplatin and ATP11B-targeted siRNA significantly decreased cancer growth in mice bearing ovarian tumors derived from cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells. In vitro mechanistic studies on cellular platinum content and cisplatin efflux kinetics indicated that ATP11B enhances the export of cisplatin from cells. The colocalization of ATP11B with fluorescent cisplatin and with vesicular trafficking proteins, such as syntaxin-6 (STX6) and vesicular-associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP4), strongly suggests that ATP11B contributes to secretory vesicular transport of cisplatin from Golgi to plasma membrane. In conclusion, inhibition of ATP11B expression could serve as a therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance.
Proinsulin-like component of circulating insulin in the basal state and in patients and hamsters with islet cell tumors
Authors: Phillip Gorden, Barry Sherman, Jesse Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The proinsulin-like component comprised approximately 20% of total circulating basal immunoreactive insulin in 15 patients without islet cell tumors. 15 min after oral glucose, the concentration of the proinsulin-like component was unchanged and its percentage of the total immunoreactive insulin decreased with the acute release of the insulin component. By 2 hr after oral glucose, the concentration of the proinsulin-like component increased and the insulin component concentration decreased so that the percentage of the proinsulin-like component was essentially the same as in the basal state. In five patients with islet cell tumors and fasting hypoglycemia, basal proinsulin-like component ranged from 26 to 79% of the total immunoreactive insulin. While basal proinsulin-like component was higher in the islet cell tumor patients, the fluctuations after stimulation were qualitatively similar to the nontumor patients. Acute stimulation with glucose, tolbutamide, leucine, and streptozotocin mainly released the insulin component resulting in a fall in the per cent proinsulin-like component with a subsequent increase in percentage of this component as the total insulin concentration returns towards basal levels. Three islet-cell tumor patients with less than 46% proinsulin-like component had favorable therapeutic responses to diazoxide whereas one patient with over 80% proinsulin-like component was completely refractory. Syrian hamsters bearing islet cell tumors provided an excellent model for islet cell tumors in man. These animals have a high proportion of a proinsulin-like component in plasma; stimulation of tumor slices in vitro with tolbutamide and glucagon releases mainly the insulin component similar to the observations in man. These studies suggest that the mechanisms regulating the release of the proinsulin-like and of the insulin components are different.
Educating Health Care Professionals to Care for Patients With Disabilities
Authors: Kristi L. Kirschner
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Steroids for Halothane Hepatitis?
Authors: MARTIN ROTHBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 February 1970Steroids for Halothane Hepatitis?MARTIN ROTHBERG, M.D.MARTIN ROTHBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-288_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article entitled "Hepatitis After Exposure to Halothane" (Ann Intern Med 71:467-477, 1969) Drs. Klion, Schaffner, and Popper make no mention of any therapeutic measures undertaken in their patients. Were corticoids used in any of these patients? If so, did their use significantly affect the survival rate?Although most authorities agree that the value of steroids in the treatment of acute hepatic failure remains to be proved (1, 2), it has been pointed out that on a theoretical basis steroids may be helpful in cases of drug-induced hepatic failure in view of their antiallergic and anti-inflammatory...References1. COOKSHERLOCK GS: Jaundice and its relation to therapeutic agents. Lancet 1:175, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHALMERS T: Pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic failure. New Eng J Med 263:23,77, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEDERMANDAVISDAVIS RFP: Exchange transfusion as treatment of acute hepatic failure due to antituberculosis drugs. Ann Intern Med 68:830, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar4. TREYLIP WORTHCHALMERS CLT: Fulminant hepatic failure. New Eng J Med 279:798, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami, Fla. 33136 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 288-288KeywordsAcute liver failureDrugsHepatitisSteroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Systemic mastocytosis with diffuse crocodile-like pachydermic skin, pedunculated pseudofibromas and comedones
Authors: C. L. MENEGHINI, G. ANGELINI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Systemic mastocytosis with diffuse crocodile‐like pachydermic skin, pedunculated pseudofibromas and comedones Get access C. L. MENEGHINI, C. L. MENEGHINI Department of Dermatology, University of Bari, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. ANGELINI G. ANGELINI Department of Dermatology, University of Bari, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 3, 1 September 1980, Pages 329–334, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb07253.x Published: 01 September 1980
The Volume–Outcome Conundrum
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

There is considerable evidence that patients undergoing various types of complex treatments or high-risk surgical procedures have lower mortality rates and otherwise better outcomes if care is provided in hospitals that have a high caseload of patients with the same condition than if care is provided by institutions with low caseloads of such patients. Notwithstanding the fact that some low-volume institutions have good outcomes and some high-volume hospitals have relatively poor outcomes, this relation between high volume and better outcomes is strong and persistent, with approximately 300 studies on the subject having been reported in the English-language literature since the . . .
Financing for health in India
Authors: M. M. Singh, R. Devi, N. Yedla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Financing is a crucial determinant of providing primary healthcare.1 Stenberg and colleagues2 suggested that low income countries need to spend $54 (Rs3240; £32; €39) per capita for basic healthcare services, whereas the average actual per capita health expenditure in these countries is only $27. World Health Statistics 2007 3 reported $29 per capita as public health spending by India, which is ranked 184 …
TREATMENT OF LYMPHOEDEMA BY PLASTIC OPERATION: (A PRELIMINARY REPORT)
Authors: H. Gillies, F. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1935)

IMEDICAL JOURNAlt Case 1.-A lady, aged 35, with a diffuse impulse which could be felt as far out as the mid-axillary line, had been kept in bed for three months and the heart condition diag- nosed as dilatation.A carefully measured skiagram showed a heart of normal size, though somewhat displaced to the left by spinal curvature.Within a fortnight she was playing tennis.Case 2.-An elderly, stout, stocky, emphysematous man, aged 68, complained of breathlessness on exertion, which his family attributed to increasing laziness, and urged exercise " to work off his fat."No impulse could be felt, no outline percussed, nor was there other evidence of disease.I did not think that the heart was enlarged, but a skiagram showed marked general enlargement, while the electrocardiogram had inverted 'F waves in Lead 1, accompanied by left ventricular preponderance.This case is easy to understand, but I know of no satisfactory explanation of the conducted impulse which is the common source of error.Cardiac pain must, for want of space, be dismissed per- functorily, though of all recent advances the recognition of coronary thrombosis is undoubtedly the most impor- tant.The idea of myocardial isthaemia as the essential cause of anginal pain, both in thrombosis and in the angina of effort, has been quickly grasped by the profession at large, while the conception of angiospasm as affecting the coronary circulation throws light on the anomalous anginas so common among " highly strung " women, though by no means confined to one sex. Summary and Conclusions
Smoking in public places
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Britain's environment minister, James Clappison, has released results of a National Opinion Poll study of provision of smoke free indoor environments by businesses that deal with the public.1 Attempting to put a flattering spin on the findings, his press release claims “a substantial increase in the number of establishments covered by a smoking policy (between 1992 and 1995). In the travel sector, the percentage has doubled.” But reading the report itself, only those content with bleak expectations bound to the incrementalist gains of self regulation could share the minister's enthusiasm. Only 38% of businesses in the travel sector were described as having effective policies. Just 36% of restaurants qualified and, most damning, even health establishments (at 71%) failed to reach the government white paper's modest target of 80%.2

Workplaces and restaurants are the public venues that expose the greatest number of people to environmental …
A Model of Substitution Trajectories in Sequence Space and Long-Term Protein Evolution
Authors: Dinara R. Usmanova, Luca Ferretti, Inna S. Povolotskaya, Peter K. Vlasov, Fyodor A. Kondrashov
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The nature of factors governing the tempo and mode of protein evolution is a fundamental issue in evolutionary biology. Specifically, whether or not interactions between different sites, or epistasis, are important in directing the course of evolution became one of the central questions. Several recent reports have scrutinized patterns of long-term protein evolution claiming them to be compatible only with an epistatic fitness landscape. However, these claims have not yet been substantiated with a formal model of protein evolution. Here, we formulate a simple covarion-like model of protein evolution focusing on the rate at which the fitness impact of amino acids at a site changes with time. We then apply the model to the data on convergent and divergent protein evolution to test whether or not the incorporation of epistatic interactions is necessary to explain the data. We find that convergent evolution cannot be explained without the incorporation of epistasis and the rate at which an amino acid state switches from being acceptable at a site to being deleterious is faster than the rate of amino acid substitution. Specifically, for proteins that have persisted in modern prokaryotic organisms since the last universal common ancestor for one amino acid substitution approximately ten amino acid states switch from being accessible to being deleterious, or vice versa. Thus, molecular evolution can only be perceived in the context of rapid turnover of which amino acids are available for evolution.
Dependence on Hypnotic Drugs in General Practice
Authors: J. Johnson, A. D. Clift
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Of the patients in an industrial general practice 1.3% required hypnotic drugs regularly. They were predominantly in the older age groups (mean 62.7 years), with an excess of widows. Only 0.02% were severely dependent; the remainder were mildly so, though they had been taking hypnotics for long periods (mean 5.6 years). There were three main original indications for hypnotics—namely, medical (pain), psychiatric, and onset insomnia in anxious personality disorder. One-fifth of the patients first took hypnotics while in hospital. The group as a whole manifested a high degree of abnormal psychological disposition. It is suggested that many patients who take hypnotics regularly may be placebo reactors, and a more critical attitude to hypnotic prescribing is required both in hospital and in general practice.
Are there more tricks in the bag for treating thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Andrew D. Leavitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Thrombocytopenia, an abnormally low number of circulating platelets, results from inadequate platelet production, splenic platelet sequestration, or accelerated platelet clearance. Platelet transfusions are now the cornerstone for treating thrombocytopenia. With an ever-expanding demand for platelets, and with many patients having an inadequate response to platelet transfusions, new strategies are needed to treat thrombocytopenia. In this issue of the JCI, Fuentes et al. present provocative data regarding the use of direct megakaryocyte infusions as a novel approach to manage this vexing clinical problem.
Integrating phenotype ontologies across multiple species
Authors: Mungall, Christopher J., Gkoutos, Georgios V., Smith, Cynthia L., Haendel, Melissa A., Lewis, Suzanna E., Ashburner, Michael
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Phenotype ontologies are typically constructed to serve the needs of a particular community, such as annotation of genotype-phenotype associations in mouse or human. Here we demonstrate how these ontologies can be improved through assignment of logical definitions using a core ontology of phenotypic qualities and multiple additional ontologies from the Open Biological Ontologies library. We also show how these logical definitions can be used for data integration when combined with a unified multi-species anatomy ontology.
Helicobacter pylori and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: James H. DeGerome
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A 70-year-old white woman was referred to me by her family physician for endoscopy of her upper gastrointestinal tract because of a positive<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>blood test and persistent mild epigastric discomfort. At endoscopy, I discovered antral gastritis and abnormal fundal mucosa, which was positive for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Antral biopsies were positive for<i>H pylori</i>and gastritis. Subsequently, the patient was treated with amoxicillin and omeprazole; the endoscopy repeated 8 weeks later revealed persistent MALT-positive fundal mucosa, but no<i>H pylori</i>. She was re-treated for<i>H pylori</i>with tetracycline, metronidazole, and bismuth for 3 more weeks. Four weeks later, repeat endoscopy revealed no change in the MALT-positive fundal mucosa and no<i>H pylori</i>. Three months later, she underwent endoscopy again with the same result and is now being assessed for possible chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. I believe this patient may confirm the suspicion of
Case 25-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Benjamin Castleman, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 44-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a thoracic mass.She was well until five weeks earlier, when symptoms of a respiratory-tract infection developed. Fatigue and a nonproductive cough persisted. Ten days before entry she noticed an intermittent "weighty" sensation in the anterior portion of the chest that occasionally radiated to the back. An x-ray film of the chest, obtained elsewhere, was reported to show a large hilar mass. She was referred to this hospital.She had smoked 1 1/2 00BDackages of cigarettes daily for 30 years. During the year before admission she had . . .
Language’ role in enabling abstract, logical thought
Authors: James A. Hampton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Carruthers’ thesis is undermined on the one hand by examples of integration of output from domain-specific modules that are independent of language, and on the other hand by examples of linguistically represented thoughts that are unable to integrate different domain-specific knowledge into a coherent whole. I propose a more traditional role for language in thought as providing the basis for the cultural development and transmission of domain-general abstract knowledge and reasoning skills.