tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between late allergic bronchoconstriction in the rat and allergen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.
Authors: S Waserman, L J Xu, R Olivenstein, P M Renzi, J G Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

T lymphocytes are potentially of importance in determining the inflammatory response in the airways after allergen challenge. We hypothesized that the proliferative response of lymphocytes on exposure to allergen in vitro would be associated with the magnitude of the airway response in vivo after inhalational challenge. We studied Brown Norway rats that were actively sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) in aluminum hydroxide gel using Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant. Two weeks later, blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and their proliferative response to culture with OA was measured with 3H-thymidine incorporation. Subsequently, the animals were anesthetized and challenged with aerosolized OA. Early allergic response (ER) and late (LR) allergic response were determined from the changes in pulmonary resistance (RL). Both significant ER and LR were observed in sensitized and challenged animals. The LR (measured as the area under the curve of RL against time) had a median value of 15.2 and ranged from 0.1 to 81.1 units. Lymphocyte proliferation occurred on exposure to OA (34,336 +/- 7,447 cpm) but less than after the mitogen Concanavalin A (250,685 +/- 76,676 cpm). The stimulation index (OA-stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation standardized for baseline incorporation) was positively correlated with the magnitude of the late response. Interleukin-2 was significantly increased in the supernatant of cultured mononuclear cells exposed to OA, confirming T-cell activation. We conclude that the capacity of sensitized peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to allergens may determine the magnitude of late airway responses.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Mary E. Costanza
Journal: JAMA (1984)

JUST a little over eight years ago I expressed my concerns<sup>1</sup>about the uncritical and premature acceptance of the results of the then recently published adjuvant study by the National Surgical Breast Project (NSABP).<sup>2</sup>The NSABP report detailed early results of a randomized study of patients who had undergone mastectomy with axillary lymph nodes treated either with phenylalanine or placebo. The publication created tremendous excitement and enthusiasm, both in the medical community and in the press. There were those who believed that the cure of cancer was just around the corner,<sup>3</sup>and others who believed that the whole matter was greatly overexaggerated.<sup>4</sup>Now, eight years later, we have seen innumerable reports of studies utilizing adjuvant chemotherapy, principally in the treatment of stage II breast cancer, but also in other tumors, such as gastric, melanoma, and colon cancer. Several things have become obvious over the intervening years. On
"TREATMENT OF BURNS WITH GENTIAN VIOLET"
Authors: J. B. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article entitled "Treatment of Burns with Gentian Violet" (The Journal, April 22, p. 1219), Connell, Fatherree, Kennedy and McSwain report good results in the treatment of five patients with from 5 to 9 per cent surface area involvement, with 1 per cent gentian violet in a tragacanth jelly base. InThe Journal, April 16, 1932, V. P. Blair, W. G. Hamm and I reported the use of a 5 per cent sodium chloride jelly in the care of burned patients: "Since March, 1930, we have used as a dressing a water-soluble jelly, to which has been added from 2 to 5 per cent sodium chloride; this has proved satisfactory in many cases," we stated, and, in a footnote, "Besides the present strength of 5 per cent sodium chloride, the following ingredients have been used: 2 to 5 per cent magnesium sulphate, 2 per cent gentian
Observations ON FIFTY CASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX TREATED WITH RADIUM
Authors: M. Donaldson, R. G. Canti
Journal: BMJ (1923)

the Medical Research Council offered to lend St. Bartholomew's Hospital 324 mng. of radium bromide, to be used solely for the purpose of research.The hospital authorities gladly accepted this offer, and formed a Radium Committee, which decided that one of the investigations to be carried out should be " the study over a prolonged period of the clinical and pathological changes produced by the action of radium, applied locally, in cases of carcinoma of the cervix."The object of the present paper is to record the results of the work done in this connexion during tlle last eighteen months.In carrying out this research, both as regards clinical and histological observations, it was decided not to attempt more than to record the changes produced in the local condition and in the chief clinical symptoms, together with those histological changes which were easily recognizable and lent themselves to more precise classification.Irradiation of Cervix.Badium.-The radium available consists of the following:(1) Two platinum tubes with walls 0.5 mm.thick containing respectively 53.1 and 54.2 mg.radium element.The outside dimensions of the tubes are 4 mm. in diameter and 34.8 mm. in length.(2) Thirteen platinum needles with walls 0.4 mm.thick, each containing on the average 5.1 mg.radium element.The average outside dimensions of the needles are 1.8 mm. in diameter and 23.5 mm. in length.(N.P.L. measurements corrected for platinum containers.)The two tubes, filtered with aluminium, are placed end to end in the cervical canal, and the thirteen needles inserted into the cervical tissue at some distance from the canal and in a circle round it.On a few occasions, the needles before insertion were dipped into sterile Indian ink and allowed to dry.This procedure serves to leave a mark along the track of the needle.Dosage.-The cases are divided into two series.In tile first the quantity of radium elenment varied between 133.3 and 173.6 mg.radium element, the duration of exposure being eight hours.In the second, with one exception, the amount of radium element was 173.6 mg. and the duration of exposure was twenty-four hours.Filters.-The filters employed in the case of the tubes consisted on most occasions of (1) a platinum container, which is 0.5 mm.thick; (2) a covering of aluminium; in the case of the needles, on all occasions the platinum con- tainer, 0.4 mm., was the only filter.Sterilization of Radium and Filters-This was carried out by boiling, the use of soda being avoided.Irradiation of the Iliac Glands.To this end the technique of Daels (of Ghent) was employed.For details of this operation, see a short paper
Chronic anemia masking a primary large B-cell lymphoma of the small intestine, finally diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: K. Weigand, T. Ganten, M. Andrulis, W. Stremmel, P. Sauer, A. Schaible
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 78-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital with a history of chronic anemia (hemoglobin 80 – 90 g/L) for several months that was refractory to iron treatment. Repeated gastroscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormal findings. During the ensuing wireless capsule endoscopy, mucosal changes interpreted as ‘possibly ulcerations’ located within the distal part of the jejunum were identified as a possible source of bleeding. We performed double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) to confirm these findings and carry out tissue sampling. Approximately 250 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz we identified a polypoid elevated mucosal lesion of inflamed appearance with erosions and flat ulcerations ([Fig. 1]). During further diagnostic evaluation using hydro-CT, a lymphoma of the small bowel (jejunum) was suggested ([Fig. 2]). In addition, many nonenlarged mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes were described. Histological analysis of the biopsies taken during DBE showed an intestinal B-cell lymphoma with diffuse large cells ([Fig. 3]). Any thoracic or mediastinal manifestation was excluded by CT scan. Bone marrow histology and cytology demonstrated normal findings with slightly enhanced erythropoiesis and no infiltration by lymphoma cells. Serology showed slight anemia and iron deficiency, as well as enhanced values for CD25 (6601 U/mL, normal < 900 U/mL), LDH (350 U/L, normal < 248 U/L) and β-microglobulin (4.9 mg/L, normal < 2.5 mg/L). A diagnosis of primary B-cell lymphoma of the small intestine was made.
Rearrangements and aberrant expression of the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in acute promyelocytic leukemias.
Authors: L Longo, P P Pandolfi, A Biondi, A Rambaldi, A Mencarelli, F Lo Coco, D Diverio, L Pegoraro, G Avanzi, A Tabilio
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Although acute promyelocytic leukemias (APLs) are consistently associated with a reciprocal chromosome 15;17 translocation, the gene(s) directly affected by the breakpoints have never been isolated. The chromosome 17 breakpoint maps to near the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) locus. Investigation of 20 APLs and a large series of other neoplastic patients and normal controls revealed RAR alpha gene rearrangements and aberrant transcripts only in the APL cases. These findings suggest that the RAR alpha gene is involved in the APL chromosome 17 breakpoint, is implicated in leukemogenesis, and could be used as a marker for identifying leukemic promyelocytes.
Biotransformation enzymes in human intestine: critical low levels in the colon?
Authors: W H Peters, L Kock, F M Nagengast, P G Kremers
Journal: Gut (1991)

Biotransformation or drug-metabolising enzymes have an important function in the detoxication of ingested toxic, carcinogenic, or tumour promoting compounds. Enzyme activity and isoenzyme composition of three biotransformation systems: glutathione S-transferase, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase, and cytochrome P-450 were studied in normal small and large intestinal mucosa from three kidney donors. The activity of most drug-metabolising enzymes decreases slightly from proximal to distal small intestine, whereas in the mucosa of the large intestine a sharp fall in activity was observed. The isoenzyme composition for each of the three biotransformation systems changed from the small to the large intestine. Class Alpha glutathione S-transferases were not expressed in the colon, in contrast to the small intestine where both Alpha and Pi class isoenzymes are present. In addition, with monoclonal antibodies fewer protein bands for UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and cytochrome P-450 were detected in the colon. In the small intestine both isoforms P-450(4) and P-450(5) were present, whereas in the colon only reduced amounts of cytochrome P-450(4) could be visualised. For UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, 53 and 54 kDa proteins could be detected in the small intestine, but in the colon there was only weak staining of the 54 kDa band. In the normal human colon enzymes are less active and there are fewer isoenzymes present in the mucosa than in the small intestine. This implies a lower level of the detoxifying potential in the colon, which might be important in regard to the high rates of carcinogenesis in the colon.
Temporal trends of one-year reinfarction and mortality rates following primary angioplasty in high-risk acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Beth A. Bartholomew, Kishore J. Harjai, Judith A. Boura, Srinivas Dukkipati, Michael W. Yerkey, Lorelei L. Grines, Bruce R. Brodie, David Cox, Gregg W. Stone, William W. O'Neill, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Treatment of linear IgA bullous dermatosis of childhood with flucloxacillin
Authors: Abdulmajeed Alajlan, Marwan Al-Khawajah, Omar Al-Sheikh, Fahad Al-Saif, Saleh Al-Rasheed, Ibrahim Al-Hoqail, Issam R. Hamadah
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Atrial Pacing
Authors: ROMAN W. DESANCTIS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

There are occasions when atrial pacing can be usefully employed both diagnostically and therapeutically. Diagnostically, atrial pacing provides mechanisms for easily, safely, and reproducibly stressing the heart that can help in the evaluation of patients with a variety of cardiac disorders. It is particularly useful in the assessment of patients with coronary disease. Therapeutically, atrial pacing has been applied in four general areas: (1) to terminate or slow supraventricular tachyarrhythmias; (2) to accelerate the heart rate in patients with sinus bradycardia and intact atrioventricular conduction; (3) to suppress ventricular irritability; and (4) to augment cardiac output. Techniques of atrial pacing are discussed. Currently, a major problem with both temporary and long-term pervenous atrial pacing is erratic pacing. The development of electrodes and pacemakers designed specifically for atrial pacing, as well as further experience with stimulation from the coronary sinus may lead to more reliable pacing.
Control of mRNA translation preserves endoplasmic reticulum function in beta cells and maintains glucose homeostasis
Authors: Donalyn Scheuner, Dirk Vander Mierde, Benbo Song, Daisy Flamez, John W M Creemers, Katsura Tsukamoto, Mark Ribick, Frans C Schuit, Randal J Kaufman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Breast Uptake of Gallium-67 Citrate in Disseminated
Authors: ELIZABETH J. CUA, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Received for publication December 11, 1989; accepted January 2, 1990. Reprint requests: Elizabeth Oates, M.D., Division of Nuclear Medicine, Box 228, New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
Economic Assessment of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, Patricia A. Cowper, Scott D. Berkowitz, Linda Davidson-Ray, Elizabeth R. DeLong, Alexander G. G. Turpie, Robert M. Califf, Beth Weatherley, Marc Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1998)

In the ESSENCE trial, subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) reduced the 30-day incidence of death, myocardial infarction, and recurrent angina relative to intravenous unfractionated heparin in 3171 patients with acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction). No increase in major bleeding was seen.Of the 936 ESSENCE patients randomized in the United States, 655 had hospital billing data collected. For the remainder, hospital costs were imputed with a multivariable linear regression model (R2=.86). Physician fees were estimated from the Medicare Fee Schedule. During the initial hospitalization, major resource use was reduced for enoxaparin patients, with the largest effect seen with coronary angioplasty (15% versus 20% for heparin, P=.04). At 30 days, these effects persisted, with the largest reductions seen in diagnostic catheterization (57% versus 63% for heparin, P=.04) and coronary angioplasty (18% versus 22%, P=.08). All resource use trends seen in the US cohort were also evident in the overall ESSENCE study population. In the United States, the mean cost of a course of enoxaparin therapy was $155, whereas that for heparin was $80. The total medical costs (hospital, physician, drug) for the initial hospitalization were $11 857 for enoxaparin and $12620 for heparin, a cost advantage for the enoxaparin arm of $763 (P=.18). At the end of 30 days, the cumulative cost savings associated with enoxaparin was $1172 (P=.04). In 200 bootstrap samples of the 30-day data, 94% of the samples showed a cost advantage for enoxaparin.In patients with acute coronary syndrome, low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) both improves important clinical outcomes and saves money relative to therapy with standard unfractionated heparin.
Formation of the coronary vasculature: a brief review
Authors: Robert J. Tomanek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Myocardial vascularization is initiated after endothelial cell precursors from the region of the liver or septum transversarium migrate to the newly formed epicardium. Blood island-like structures appear and form vascular channels along the epicardium and into the myocardium. Prior to this time myocardial cells receive nutrition directly from the ventricular lumen, a process which is facilitated by the highly trabecular arrangement of the ventricles. A venous system is formed prior to any evidence of arteries or arterioles. The formation of a vascular plexus in the region of the outflow tract is followed by penetration of these microvessels into the wall of the aorta. These ingrowing vessels merge, acquire a muscular coat and form the left and then the right coronary vessels. These events occur during a short period of time, e.g., 2 weeks in humans, 4 days in rats. Maturation of the arterial tree occurs primarily after birth. Our knowledge of the regulation of coronary vascularization during development is very limited. Accordingly, future studies need to focus on the role of growth factors, chemotactic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and mechanical events.
Adenine nucleotides stimulate migration in wounded cultures of kidney epithelial cells.
Authors: S Kartha, F G Toback
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Adenine nucleotides speed structural and functional recovery when administered after experimental renal injury in the rat and stimulate proliferation of kidney epithelial cells. As cell migration is a component of renal regeneration after acute tubular necrosis, we have used an in vitro model of wound healing to study this process. High density, quiescent monkey kidney epithelial cultures were wounded by mechanically scraping away defined regions of the monolayer to simulate the effect of cell loss after tubular necrosis and the number of cells that migrated into the denuded area was counted. Migration was independent of cell proliferation. Provision of adenosine, adenine nucleotides, or cyclic AMP increased the number of migrating cells and accelerated repair of the wound. Other purine and pyrimidine nucleotides were not effective. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine peptide, which blocks the binding of extracellular fibronectin to its cell surface receptor, completely inhibited migration in the presence or absence of ADP. Very low concentrations of epidermal growth factor (K0.5 approximately 0.3 ng/ml) stimulated migration, whereas transforming growth factor-beta 2 was inhibitory (Ki approximately 0.2 ng/ml). Thus, adenosine and/or adenine nucleotides released from injured or dying renal cells, or administered exogenously, may stimulate surviving cells in the wounded nephron to migrate along the basement membrane, thereby rapidly restoring tubular structure and function.
Psychogenic vocal cord dysfunction simulating bronchial asthma
Authors: A Mobeireek, A Alhamad, A Al-Subaei, A Alzeer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Upper airway obstruction can mimic bronchial asthma. A particular type results from psychogenic dysfunction of the vocal cord, and presents as bronchial asthma or organic upper airways obstruction. If not recognized, ineffective and potentially harmful therapy is given instead of focusing on the underlying psychopathology. We report three Saudi females with this condition, in whom polygamy and a large family system created associated social stress. Spirometry with a flow volume loop showed characteristic features, and in all three this test was the most important clinical tool that led to the correct diagnosis. Clinicians should perform spirometry and flow-volume loop tests routinely in patients presenting with asthmatic symptoms, and look for clues suggestive of this condition, including a psychosocial assessment.
THE DUTY OF THE STATE TOWARD VENEREAL DISEASES.
Authors: HENRY D. HOLTON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

bringing such sources of contagion to the knowledge of those whose duty it is to enforce the law and ordinances designed to suppress them.Members of boards of education, superintendents, principals and teachers of schools, both public and private, should all be well informed as to the nature of these diseases and the dangers which attend them and their interest and co-operation secured in efforts to check their ravages.Effective work can be done through church organizations, young peoples' Christian endeavor societies and mothers' meetings.The young men's and young women's Christian asso- ciations are admirable channels for the spread of such knowledge, and the possibilities which the Salvation Army has for reaching these sources of evil directly and
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: William T. Butler, David W. Alling, Anderson Spickard, John P. Utz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

BEFORE the introduction of amphotericin B in 1956 cryptococcal meningitis was almost always fatal, three quarters of the patients dying during the first year of illness.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Occasionally, progression of the disease was interrupted by temporary remissions12; nevertheless, survival for longer than three years was unusual. Since amphotericin B has come into use, however, improvement and recovery have been described in a number of cases.13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 In the present report 40 cases of cryptococcal meningitis seen at the National Institutes of Health will be reviewed, particular attention being given to symptoms and cerebrospinal-fluid and cultural findings before treatment and the relation . . .
Finding Genetic Modifiers of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Christina K. Haston, Thomas J. Hudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Susceptibility genes and modifier genes are two biologic phenomena that few clinicians should ignore in the genome era. Susceptibility genes, which are genes with functional variants that affect the causes of disease, are routinely being identified for simple mendelian diseases and, more recently, for common genetic disorders. Modifier genes are distinct from susceptibility genes, in that they are genetic variants that affect the clinical manifestation of disease (as opposed to liability). However, the identification of modifier genes has proven elusive.Since the discovery of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989,1 considerable efforts . . .
Guidelines Set for Early Release Of Clinical Data
Authors: Cori Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Guidelines Set for Early Release Of Clinical Data Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Pages 1741–1742, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1741 Published: 21 November 1990