tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic research needs funding to make it more attractive and viable, says report
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A global fund is needed to bolster basic and innovative research into antibiotics, to cultivate new solutions to tackle resistance, and to elevate the status of the specialty to attract new scientists, a UK report has proposed.1

Jim O’Neill, an economist who was appointed last July by the UK prime minister, David Cameron, to chair the review on antimicrobial resistance, said that such a fund would also pay for scientists to re-examine existing drugs and whether new doses or combinations could help restore their effectiveness and to improve diagnostics to ensure that the right antibiotics were used only when they were needed.

“I am calling on international funders, philanthropic or governmental, to allocate money to a fund that can support blue sky science …
ABDOMINAL PAIN IN PLEURISY AND PNEUMONIA.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1903)

That a disease in one part of the body may call forth painful sensation in another part is a matter of everyday observation. Pain in the knee may mean hip-joint disease; the passage of a renal calculus may make pain in the testicle or penis; a gallstone may cause pain referred to the neighborhood of the right scapula; pain in the neck or left arm and hand may indicate angina pectoris and coronary sclerosis. While in pleurisy and pneumonia the pain is usually referred to the chest and to the side affected, it may be referred to points remote from the site of the disease, as to the opposite side or to the abdomen. This fact had not escaped the keen observation of our forefathers in clinical medicine. Laennec<sup>1</sup>speaks of the pain of pleurisy as sometimes shifting its place and "occasionally," he says, "from the beginning
Television Programme on Induction of Labour
Authors: L. E. S. Carrie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In your article you stress that genitourinary medicine should not be confused with urology, and would not encroach on the realm of urology.In spite of this you im- mediately state that the work of genito- urinary physicians could "expand to include infertility and other diseases of the genitourinary tract when appropriate."This could only be seen as an encroachment on the realm of the urologist.May I stress again the deep concern which the council and members of the British Association of Urological Surgeons feel regarding the change of title.In a recent issue of the B.M.7. a junior post in genitourinary medi- cine was advertised under "Venereology."Surely this is an anachronism.It would appeair that the time is now opportune for the whole subject to be dis- cussed logically not only by the Royal College of Physicians but in association with the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases, and more particularly with the British Association of Urological Surgeons.-Iam, etc.,
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in transgenic mice that either lack or overexpress the murine plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene.
Authors: D T Eitzman, R D McCoy, X Zheng, W P Fay, T Shen, D Ginsburg, R H Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Impaired fibrinolytic activity within the lung is a common manifestation of acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Because the fibrinolytic system is active during repair processes that restore injured tissues to normal, reduced fibrinolytic activity may contribute to the subsequent development of pulmonary fibrosis. To examine the relationship between the fibrinolytic system and pulmonary fibrosis, lung inflammation was induced by bleomycin in transgenic mice that either overexpressed or were completely deficient in murine plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). 2 wk after 0.075 U of bleomycin, the lungs of transgenic mice overexpressing PAI-1 contained significantly more hydroxyproline (118 +/- 8 micrograms) than littermate controls (70.5 +/- 8 micrograms, P < 0.005). 3 wk after administration of a higher dose of bleomycin (0.15 U), the lung hydroxyproline content of mice completely deficient in PAI-1 (49 +/- 8 micrograms) was not significantly different (P = 0.63) than that of control animals receiving saline (37 +/- 1 micrograms), while hydroxyproline content was significantly increased in heterozygote (77 +/- 12 micrograms, P = 0.06) and wild-type (124 +/- 19 micrograms, P < 0.001) littermates. These data demonstrate a direct correlation between the genetically determined level of PAI-1 expression and the extent of collagen accumulation that follows inflammatory lung injury. These results strongly support the hypothesis that alterations in fibrinolytic activity influence the extent of pulmonary fibrosis that occurs after inflammatory injury.
Ultrastructural Pathology of the Cell and Matrix: A Text and Atlas of Physiological and Pathological Alterations in the Fine Structure of Cellular and Extracellular Components
Authors: David Lagunoff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For his inhospitality to Perseus, Atlas was forced to bear the burden of the heavens through eternity. Sisyphus, for his greater transgression, became responsible for repeatedly pushing a large stone up a hill and on nearing the summit having it escape his grasp and roll down. I don't know if Ghadially's task in producing his book was freely assumed or thrust upon him, but his labors seem closer to those of Sisyphus than Atlas. He has (in his own words) directed his efforts to "cataloging, classifying, describing and illustrating virtually every intracellular lesion." Each time he must think he is about to roll the last abnormality up his mountainous catalogue, a new group of changes comes rolling out of the journals. I must admit to having had, at the time of the first edition in 1975, considerable reservation with respect to the usefulness of such a collection of deranged subcellular
Cluster randomised controlled trials: sample size calculations
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers evaluated the effects of training primary care health professionals in counselling patients about health related behaviour change. A cluster randomised trial with general practices as the unit of randomisation was performed. The intervention consisted of behaviour change counselling in four risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol use, exercise, and healthy eating). Control treatment consisted of standard care.1 The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients who self reported making beneficial changes in at least one of the four risky behaviours at three months. Sample size was based on the ability to demonstrate an increase in the proportion of patients reporting beneficial change on one or more of the four health behaviours from 50% in the control group to 65% for the intervention group at three months. To do so a randomised controlled trial using simple random allocation with 80% power and a critical level of significance of 0.05 would require 340 patients. To account for clustering effects from randomised practices, an intracluster correlation coefficient of 0.05 was applied; this increased the sample size to 1104 patients, with 24 practices recruiting 46 patients each. The researchers reported that training primary care health professionals in behaviour change counselling did not increase patients’ self reported beneficial behaviour change at three months. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
105 PHASE 2, MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED STUDY OF AST-120 (SPHERICAL CARBON ADSORBENT) VS. LACTULOSE IN THE TREATMENT OF LOW-GRADE HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (HE)
Authors: P. Pockros, T. Hassanein, J. Vierling, D. Heuman, D. Hillebrand, M. Chojkier, M. Resler, C. LaPlaca, M. Harris
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Curative and palliative surgery in advanced carcinoma of the large bowel.
Authors: H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Carcinoma of the large bowel is the second commonest killing cancer in the United Kingdom and accounts for some 14,000 deaths annually; probably, therefore, most clinicians will see many examples of patients at an advanced and often apparently hopeless stage of this disease.Many such cases are unfortunately, indeed beyond any help, and others may obtain some relief from cytotoxic therapy or radiotherapy; but there is a third category where worth-while palliative surgery can be carried out or even "curative" resection performed.This third category is considered here.The patients fall into three groups: those with extensive local disease; those with distant metastases, particularly in the liver; and those who have developed apparent recurrence of the disease after previous successful resection. Advanced Local DiseaseAn important question that faces a surgeon dealing with cancer at laparotomy is What constitutes inoperability?Frequently in- vasion of adjacent structures vitiates curative surgery, but this general rule meets its most frequent exceptions in tumours of the large bowel, where resection of the growth itself together *From a lecture given at the B.M.
New house officers lack clinical skills
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Medical students and house officers receive inadequate training in core clinical skills, research published this week shows.

Final year medical students lack adequate education and experience in carrying out basic procedures such as taking blood samples and suturing wounds, the report states. Also, most house officers do not receive further practical training after qualification.

“Many practical skills are practised during the house officer year despite inadequate training, and with no supervision to ensure correct technique,” the authors of the …
Monitored Atrial Fibrillation Duration Predicts Arterial Embolic Events in Patients Suffering From Bradycardia and Atrial Fibrillation Implanted With Antitachycardia Pacemakers
Authors: Alessandro Capucci, Massimo Santini, Luigi Padeletti, Michele Gulizia, GianLuca Botto, Giuseppe Boriani, Renato Ricci, Stefano Favale, Francesco Zolezzi, Natale Di Belardino, Giulio Molon, Fabrizio Drago, Giovanni Q. Villani, Elena Mazzini, Marco Vimercati, Andrea Grammatico
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Efficacy of Midodrine for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension-Reply
Authors: Phillip A. Low, Janice L. Gilden, Roy Freeman, Sheng Ke-Ning, Mary Ann McElligott
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Berlin raises several important questions regarding the size and design of our study. First, the data presented in Figures 2 and 3 of our article were based on intention-to-treat analysis. When the dropouts were excluded, the statistical significance for improvement in standing systolic blood pressure remains the same (ie,<i>P</i>&lt;.001),but the scores for lightheadedness (Figure 3) become<i>P</i>=.01 and<i>P</i>=.02 for visits 4 and 5, respectively. Second, Berlin is quite right that it would be interesting and important to know the status of the blood pressure and symptoms at different times after a dose of midodrine. Our multicenter study involving the large number of centers wasmore appropriately focused on more limited end points. It was the opinion of the investigators that the questions of duration of action and pharmacokinetics are better answered in a smaller and more focused study. We also have evaluated the duration of action
NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN ABORTIVE POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: James D. Trask, John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

The neutralizing antibody content for poliomyelitis virus has been tested with both a human and a passage strain of the virus in serial samples of sera from five mild cases of abortive poliomyelitis, and an increase in this antibody content has been demonstrated in convalescent samples obtained within 4 weeks of the acute illness.
THE CIRCULATION AS A FACTOR IN PROSTATIC SURGERY
Authors: GEORGE GILBERT SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In man, the age at which obstructive changes in the prostate occur is often characterized by degenerative lesions in other parts of the body. In no organ or group of organs are these lesions of more importance than in the cardiovascular system. The heart may be so severely damaged that a very slight additional load will induce complete heart failure, or it may be only partially efficient, in which case the enfeebled circulation will affect unfavorably the function of other organs, such as the brain and the kidneys. The diminished activity of these organs will react again on the heart, thus establishing a vicious circle which ends in death. Prostatic obstruction in itself may augment the damage already present in the cardiovascular system. Pain, anxiety and loss of sleep impose on the heart a very real burden. Unquestionably the toxemia attendant on renal insufficiency has a deleterious effect on the
Expression of the CD34 antigen distinguishes Kaposi's sarcoma from pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma (acroangiodermatitis)
Authors: J. KANITAKIS, D. NARVAEZ, A. CLAUDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The differential diagnosis between Kaposi's sarcoma and the so-called 'pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma' or acroangiodermatitis of the feet is often fraught with difficulty, not only on clinical but also on histological grounds. The aim of this study was to assess whether immunolabelling for the CD34 antigen, a marker of Kaposi's sarcoma cells, could be of value in the distinction between these two angioproliferative disorders. We comparatively examined 16 biopsy specimens from cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and seven biopsies from patients with pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma, by a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method, using a monoclonal antibody to the CD34 antigen. All cases of Kaposi's sarcoma showed CD34 labelling both on endothelial cells and on the characteristic spindle-shaped, perivascular cells. Biopsies of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma showed a strong labelling of endothelial cells of hyperplastic vessels. However, in sharp contrast with Kaposi's sarcoma, a complete absence of perivascular CD34 expression was noted. It seems therefore that immunolabelling for the CD34 antigen appears to be a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis between Kaposi's sarcoma and pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma.
Prophylaxis of infections with norfloxacin in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: G. Soriano, C. Guarner, F. Tena, C. Villanueva, E. Fábrega, D. González, S. Sáinz, J. Espinós, J. Balanzó, F. Vilardell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Effect of substituted benzimidazoles on acid secretion in isolated and enriched guinea pig parietal cells.
Authors: K F Sewing, P Harms, G Schulz, H Hannemann
Journal: Gut (1983)

The inhibitory effect of the three benzimidazole derivatives timoprazole, picoprazole, and omeprazole on histamine and dbcAMP stimulated 14C-aminopyrine accumulation (= H+ secretion) has been studied in isolated and enriched guinea-pig parietal cells. All compounds tested inhibited H+ secretion in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 8.5 +/- 1.9 mumol/l for timoprazole, 3.9 +/- 0.7 mumol/l for picoprazole, and 0.13 +/- 0.03 mumol/l for omeprazole. The IC50 of timoprazole, when dbcAMP was used as a stimulus, did not differ significantly from that of histamine stimulation. The type of inhibition was of a non-competitive nature. The full acid response to histamine after temporary exposure of the cells to the benzimidazoles could be restored by washing the cells twice; this suggests that the inhibition is reversible. The data - among others - indicate that the properties of the benzimidazoles described here would allow these compounds to be used as effective antisecretagogues.
Book Review Diabetes Mellitus in Women: Adolescence Through Pregnancy and Menopause Third edition. Edited by E. Albert Reece, Donald R. Coustan, and Steven G. Gabbe. 492 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2004. $99. 0-7817-3861-X
Authors: Margo A. Denke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Giant Ovarian Cyst
Authors: Warren H. Brune, Edwin J. Pulaski, Harold E. Shuey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SO far as we could determine, ovarian cyst in the living newborn infant was first reported by Bulfamonte1 in 1942. In 1948 Costin and Kennedy2 reviewed the ovarian cysts in children seen at the Mayo Clinic, the youngest child treated being a year and a half old. Since that time ovarian cysts in infants have been reported by others. The seven reports are reviewed, and details are given in Table 1; 1 case of our own is added. It is noted that in all cases the fallopian tube and fimbriated end were intimately attached to the cyst and formed a long . . .
Why has Swann failed?
Authors: H W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-The limitations inherent in conducting controlled trials of methods of providing health services, which we refer to in our paper, mean that we have no information on the criteria which were used to transfer a selected group of patients from medical units during the acute phase of rehabilitation.But we have been able to examine the results of standard clinical tests which were designed to predict outcome following acute stroke, and which will form the subject of a future publication.No difference was found in the pattern of neurological impairment present in the transferred group compared with those
In vivo assessment of cardiac metabolism and function in the abdominal aortic banding model of compensated cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Anne-Marie L. Seymour, Lucia Giles, Vicky Ball, Jack J. Miller, Kieran Clarke, Carolyn A. Carr, Damian J. Tyler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to chronic mechanical overload and can lead to functional deterioration and heart failure. Changes in cardiac energy metabolism are considered as key to the hypertrophic remodelling process. The concurrence of obesity and hypertrophy has been associated with contractile dysfunction, and this work therefore aimed to investigate the in vivo structural, functional, and metabolic remodelling that occurs in the hypertrophied heart in the setting of a high-fat, high-sucrose, Western diet (WD). Following induction of cardiac hypertrophy through abdominal aortic banding, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either a standard diet or a WD (containing 45% fat and 16% sucrose) for up to 14 weeks. Cardiac structural and functional characteristics were determined by CINE MRI, and in vivo metabolism was investigated using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvate. Cardiac hypertrophy was observed at all time points, irrespective of dietary manipulation, with no evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Pyruvate dehydrogenase flux was unchanged in the hypertrophied animals at any time point, but increased incorporation of the 13C label into lactate was observed by 9 weeks and maintained at 14 weeks, indicative of enhanced glycolysis. Hypertrophied hearts revealed little evidence of a switch towards increased glucose oxidation but rather an uncoupling of glycolytic metabolism from glucose oxidation. This was maintained under conditions of dietary stress provided by a WD but, at this compensated phase of hypertrophy, did not result in any contractile dysfunction.
TCT-788 Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients Has Potential For Improving In Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Christopher Pedersen, William J. Drasler, Irvin Goldenberg, Michael Mooney, Stephanie Rutten-Ramos, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
More Extensive Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Improves Survival in Patients with Node-positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Giorgio Gandaglia, Nazareno Suardi, Umberto Capitanio, Andrea Salonia, Alessandro Nini, Marco Moschini, Maxine Sun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Sharhokh F. Shariat, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Diet and 20-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: L H Kushi, R A Lew, F J Stare, C R Ellison, M el Lozy, G Bourke, L Daly, I Graham, N Hickey, R Mulcahy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In a prospective epidemiologic study of 1001 middle-aged men, we examined the relation between dietary information collected approximately 20 years ago and subsequent mortality from coronary heart disease. The men were initially enrolled in three cohorts: one of men born and living in Ireland, another of those born in Ireland who had emigrated to Boston, and the third of those born in the Boston area of Irish immigrants. There were no differences in mortality from coronary heart disease among the three cohorts. In within-population analyses, those who died of coronary heart disease had higher Keys (P = 0.06) and modified Hegsted (P = 0.02) dietary scores than did those who did not (a high score indicates a high intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and a relatively low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids). These associations were significant (P = 0.03 for the Keys and P = 0.04 for the modified Hegsted scores) after adjustment for other risk factors for coronary heart disease. Fiber intake (P = 0.04) and a vegetable-foods score, which rose with increased intake of fiber, vegetable protein, and starch (P = 0.02), were lower among those who died from coronary heart disease, though not significantly so after adjustment for other risk factors. A higher Keys score carried an increased risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk, 1.60), and a higher fiber intake carried a decreased risk (relative risk, 0.57). Overall, these results tend to support the hypothesis that diet is related, albeit weakly, to the development of coronary heart disease.
Effect of Cortisone on Hypercalcemia in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Abraham A. Goetz
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Cortisone administered to a patient with sarcoidosis and hypercalcemia resulted in unusually sustained clinical improvement. After biopsy had confirmed the diagnosis, a total of only two weeks of steroid therapy sufficed to relieve the gastrointestinal, dermatological, and, to some extent, the renal symptoms associated with hypercalcemia. Laboratory responses paralleled the amelioration of symptoms. For reasons not yet known, the serum calcium level rises in about one of five patients with sarcoidosis. A vitamin D-like action or substance in the gastrointestinal tract of these patients has been postulated. Cortisone seems to equilibrate or inactivate this process. It may also serve as a tool to differentiate the hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis from other hypercalcemic states. Early recognition and prompt treatment are important to prevent irreversible renal complications.
Changes in visceral and subcutaneous fat mass in patients with pheochromocytoma
Authors: Takashi Okamura, Yasuyo Nakajima, Tetsurou Satoh, Koshi Hashimoto, Santosh Sapkota, Eijiro Yamada, Shuichi Okada, Junya Fukuda, Tetsuya Higuchi, Yoshito Tsushima, Masanobu Yamada
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Ocular Subconjunctival Lymphoscintigraphy in Unilateral Chemosis
Authors: RAYMOND TAILLEFER, ANDR?? LEVASSEUR, MICHEL LEFRAN??OIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The authors describe a case of idiopathic unilateral chemosis for which ocular subconjunctival lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m sulfur colloid demonstrated a lack of lymphatic drainage of the ipsilateral bulbar conjunctiva. Clinical experience with this type of lymphoscintigraphy is limited and its possible role in investigation of some ocular lesions has yet to be established.
Amino-acid Content of Serum in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: E. Nettelbladt, B.-M. Sandell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1963)

In an earlier investigation (Hammarsten, Jonsson, Lindgren, Neri, Nettelbladt, Plum, and Sandell, 1960), it was found that an amino-acid mixture had a stimulating effect upon erythropoiesis in the in vitro cultivation of bone marrow.This effect was more pronounced on bone marrow from cases of rheumatoid arthritis than on marrow from patients with other diseases.A possible inter- pretation of this result is that there is a lack of free amino acids in serum from cases of rheumatoid arthritis.