tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins in Young Nonobese Arab Women With NIDDM Treated With Insulin
Authors: Najah Al-Muhtaseb, Abdul R Al-Yusuf, Nabila Abdella, Frederick Fenech
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The effects of insulin on the lipid values of nonobese non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) Arab women requiring insulin was investigated to find whether these patients have the same coronary artery risk factor related to lipid levels. In this study, 55 NIDDM women on insulin therapy (mean age 28 ± 8.1 yr and duration of disease 5 ± 1.2 yr) and 70 control subjects (matched for sex, age, and body mass index) were studied for their plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Concentrations of total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL TG, high-density lipoprotein triglyceride (HDL TG), phospholipid, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), apolipoprotein B (apoB), LDL-apoB, and apoB/apoAl were significantly elevated in diabetic women compared with control subjects. There was no significant change in the levels of apoAll in plasma and lipoprotein fractions. Concentrations of HDL cholesterol (chol), HDL2-chol, HDL3-chol, plasma apoAl, HDL2-apoAI, HDL3-apoAl, and HDL-apoAl were significantly lower in diabetic women than in control subjects. There was no significant correlation between glucose or HbA1c and most of the lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and apolipoproteins measured. Despite normal body weight and insulin therapy, abnormalities in lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and apoB persisted in NIDDM patients compared with control subjects. Our data may favor an enhanced affinity toward atherosclerosis in these patients.
AN EVALUATION OF HYDROTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM TREMENS
Authors: Robert M. Bell, Perry C. Talkington
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

In the literature mortality results in delirium tremens ranging from 37 per cent to 3.82 per cent are reported. The present study consists of 112 consecutive admissions diagnosed delirium tremens which were treated principally by hydrotherapy. The routine of treatment consisted of (I) complete withdrawal of alcohol,(2) saline cathartics,(3) cold wet sheet packs during the period of active hallucinosis and excitement,(4) neutral continuous baths from 93° to 96° F.,( 5) electric light bath for the promotion of elimination,(6) fan douche and needle spray for their tonic effects,(7) high caloric diet, and (8) occupational therapy. Under this régime the average duration of hallucinosis was 3.2 days with an average hospital stay of 27.3 days. The greatest number of cases occurring in any age group was found to be 39 patients between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The group between the ages of 50 and 59 years required the longest average hospital residence, namely 46 days. Death occurred in 5 or 4.46 per cent of these cases. This method of treatment requires special equipment and a highly trained personnel. However, since the results compare so favorably with other series reported it is felt that hydrotherapy is an excellent means of treating delirium tremens.
Scientists try to discover how many genes are necessary to build a living organism
Authors: Deborah Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Scientists from the Institute of Genomics Research, in Rockville, Maryland, have taken a significant step towards answering the age old question, “What is life?” by defining the minimal genomic sequence essential for a functional organism.

The research sets the stage for creating a living organism in the laboratory and opens up a host of ethical, legal, biomedical, and environmental considerations.

The researchers, led by Clyde Hutchinson III, Scott Peterson, and Craig Venter from the institute, and colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill tried to define the minimal DNA sequence necessary to maintain cellular function for an organism under laboratory conditions ( Science 1999;December 10;286:2165-9).

To do so, they started with the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium , a bacterium which has the smallest known fully sequenced genome and is only 580 kilobase (kb) pairs long. A total of 517 genes are encoded in these base pairs, of which 480 encode proteins and an additional 37 represent genes for RNA …
<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>DNA strain switching increases in patients with onychomycosis failing antifungal treatments
Authors: A.K. Gupta, K.-A. Nakrieko
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is responsible for approximately 80% of onychomycosis cases. Genetic strain typing was developed to help elucidate its epidemiology and pathogenicity.To determine T. rubrum DNA strain types in North American patients with onychomycosis and to track the patients before and after their course of treatments.T. rubrum DNA strain types were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in ribosomal DNA and Southern blotting from toenails that were cultured from 50 North American patients with onychomycosis prior to treatment. Some of the patients were subsequently typed from oral terbinafine (n = 6), laser (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) treatment groups. Three European DNA strains were obtained for comparison. DNA strains from the terbinafine group were tested for in vitro susceptibility to terbinafine.Six DNA strain types (A-F) accounted for 94% of T. rubrum DNA strains and corresponded to European isolates. Three DNA strains (6%) novel to North America were detected. DNA strain type switching occurred in all treatment groups: terbinafine (83%), laser (56%) and placebo (25%). Most of the switches (50%) observed in the terbinafine group coincided with mycological cures followed by relapse. Patients treated with laser therapy or placebo exhibited no intermittent cures. DNA strains from the terbinafine group were all susceptible to terbinafine in vitro.Nine T. rubrum DNA strains were identified in a North American population: three novel and six predominant to a European population. Although DNA strain type switching in onychomycosis is a natural phenomenon, with presence in the placebo group, increases following the course of failed onychomycosis treatment suggest an antifungal-induced response.
Porous nanoparticles as delivery system of complex antigens for an effective vaccine against acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Isabelle Dimier-Poisson, Rodolphe Carpentier, Thi Thanh Loi N'Guyen, Fatima Dahmani, Céline Ducournau, Didier Betbeder
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Role of patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 on lipid‐induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in rats
Authors: Naoki Kumashiro, Toru Yoshimura, Jennifer L. Cantley, Sachin K. Majumdar, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, Romy Kursawe, Daniel F. Vatner, Ioana Fat, Mario Kahn, Derek M. Erion, Xian-Man Zhang, Dongyan Zhang, Vara Prasad Manchem, Sanjay Bhanot, Glenn S. Gerhard, Kitt F. Petersen, Gary W. Cline, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Genome-wide array studies have associated the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene polymorphisms with hepatic steatosis. However, it is unclear whether PNPLA3 functions as a lipase or a lipogenic enzyme and whether PNPLA3 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance. To address these questions we treated high-fat-fed rats with specific antisense oligonucleotides to decrease hepatic and adipose pnpla3 expression. Reducing pnpla3 expression prevented hepatic steatosis, which could be attributed to decreased fatty acid esterification measured by the incorporation of [U-(13) C]-palmitate into hepatic triglyceride. While the precursors for phosphatidic acid (PA) (long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and lysophosphatidic acid [LPA]) were not decreased, we did observe an ∼20% reduction in the hepatic PA content, ∼35% reduction in the PA/LPA ratio, and ∼60%-70% reduction in transacylation activity at the level of acyl-CoA:1-acylglycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase. These changes were associated with an ∼50% reduction in hepatic diacylglycerol (DAG) content, an ∼80% reduction in hepatic protein kinase Cε activation, and increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, as reflected by a 2-fold greater suppression of endogenous glucose production during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Finally, in humans, hepatic PNPLA3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was strongly correlated with hepatic triglyceride and DAG content, supporting a potential lipogenic role of PNPLA3 in humans.PNPLA3 may function primarily in a lipogenic capacity and inhibition of PNPLA3 may be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatic insulin resistance.
14-3-3 Proteins Modulate the ETS Transcription Factor ETV1 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sangphil Oh, Sook Shin, Stan A. Lightfoot, Ralf Janknecht
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Overexpression of the ETS-related transcription factor ETV1 can initiate neoplastic transformation of the prostate. ETV1 activity is highly regulated by phosphorylation, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we report that all 14-3-3 proteins, with the exception of the tumor suppressor 14-3-3σ, can bind to ETV1 in a condition manner dictated by its prominent phosphorylation site S216. Non-σ 14-3-3 proteins synergized with ETV1 to activate transcription of its target genes MMP-1 and MMP-7, which regulate extracellular matrix in the prostate tumor microenvironment. S216 mutation or 14-3-3τ downregulation was sufficient to reduce ETV1 protein levels in prostate cancer cells, indicating that non-σ 14-3-3 proteins protect ETV1 from degradation. Notably, S216 mutation also decreased ETV1-dependent migration and invasion in benign prostate cells. Downregulation of 14-3-3τ reduced prostate cancer cell invasion and growth in the same manner as ETV1 attenuation. Finally, we showed that 14-3-3τ and 14-3-3ε were overexpressed in human prostate tumors. Taken together, our results showed that non-σ 14-3-3 proteins are important modulators of ETV1 function that promote prostate tumorigenesis.
Associated factors with surgical site infections after hepatectomy: Predictions and countermeasures by a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Atsushi Nanashima, Junichi Arai, Syousaburo Oyama, Mitsutoshi Ishii, Takafumi Abo, Hideo Wada, Katsunori Takagi, Tomoshi Tsuchiya, Takeshi Nagayasu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Ibuprofen hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M Sonnenblick, A S Abraham
Journal: BMJ (1978)

naftidrofuryl corresponds to that found with other intravenous infusions and is below the 12-300°quoted as normal by Woodhouse and Eadie.1 The sporadic cases of phlebitis observed were not particularly severe and central venous complications did not occur.
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Gerasimos Siasos, Elias Gialafos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Marina Zaromitidou, Stamatios Kioufis, Konstantinos Maniatis, Aleksis Verveniotis, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Eleni Kokkou, Marilena Kollia, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Injected Progestogen and Lactation
Authors: M. Karim, R. Ammar, S. El Mahgoub, B. El Ganzoury, F. Fikri, I. Abdou
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Norethisterone ethanate (200 mg every 84 days) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (150 mg every three months) were found to be completely effective in fertility control when started in the puerperium. Neither agent had any ill effect on the amount of milk or the duration of lactation. From the third month onward the three-hourly available milk and the infant weight gain per month were statistically higher in treated groups than in controls. Milk proteins showed a slight decrease in most groups, including the controls, owing to the low-protein diet.No important side effect was produced by these agents other than amenorrhoea.
Chronic glucocorticoid therapy amplifies glomerular injury in rats with renal ablation.
Authors: D L Garcia, H G Rennke, B M Brenner, S Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Functional and/or structural measurements were performed in eight groups of Munich-Wistar rats after five-sixths nephrectomy. Groups 1 and 5 received no therapy. Groups 2 and 6 received daily doses of methylprednisolone (MP). Groups 3 and 7 received MP plus the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), benzazepril. Groups 4 and 8 received CEI alone. Groups 1 through 4 underwent micropuncture study 2 wk after renal ablation. Untreated group 1 rats exhibited systemic hypertension and elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate due to glomerular capillary hyperperfusion and hypertension. Administration of MP in group 2 resulted in comparable systemic hypertension, with further elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate due to even higher values for glomerular perfusion and hydraulic pressure. Concurrent treatment with CEI in groups 3 and 4 controlled systemic and glomerular hypertension despite equivalent renal ablation and, in group 3, comparable doses of MP. Groups 5 through 8 were followed for 12 wk. Untreated group 1 rats demonstrated continued systemic hypertension, progressive proteinuria, and eventual glomerular sclerosis. Addition of MP in group 6 dramatically accelerated the development of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis, while CEI (groups 7 and 8) afforded striking protection against disease progression. Thus, potent vasodilator glucocorticoids may amplify hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury, whereas control of systemic and glomerular hypertension prevents this undesirable consequence of chronic steroid therapy.
Plasma lipid transfer protein as a determinant of the atherogenicity of monkey plasma lipoproteins.
Authors: E Quinet, A Tall, R Ramakrishnan, L Rudel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

This study was undertaken to determine potential tissue sources of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and to assess the influence of CETP on lipoprotein concentrations and atherosclerosis. In a group of 28 cynomolgus monkeys fed high fat, high cholesterol diets, plasma CETP concentration was strongly correlated with the abundance of CETP mRNA in liver and in adipose tissue, and with the output of CETP in liver perfusates. Plasma CETP concentration showed a strong inverse correlation with HDL cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.62, P less than 0.001) and a positive correlation with LDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.54, P less than 0.005) and molecular weight (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). The extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis was positively correlated with LDL cholesterol concentration and molecular weight, and with plasma CETP concentration. Thus, in monkeys fed an atherogenic diet, individual variation in CETP mRNA abundance in liver and adipose tissue probably plays a major role in the determination of plasma CETP levels. In plasma, CETP influences the distribution of cholesteryl esters between LDL and HDL, and CETP concentration appears to be a key determinant of the relative atherogenicity of the plasma lipoproteins.
Patterns of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors in mice suggest a role in hormonally regulated angiogenesis.
Authors: D Shweiki, A Itin, G Neufeld, H Gitay-Goren, E Keshet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted endothelial cell-specific mitogen. To evaluate whether VEGF may play a role in angiogenesis, we have determined the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors during natural angiogenic processes taking place within the female reproductive system. Four angiogenic processes were analyzed: neovascularization of ovarian follicles, neovascularization of the corpus luteum, repair of endometrial vessels, and angiogenesis in embryonic implantation sites. During all processes, VEGF mRNA was found to be expressed in cells surrounding the expanding vasculature. VEGF was predominantly produced in tissues that acquire new capillary networks (theca layers, lutein cells, endometrial stroma, and the maternal decidua, respectively). VEGF-binding activity, on the other hand, was found on endothelial cells of both quiescent and proliferating blood vessels. These findings are consistent with a role for VEGF in the targeting of angiogenic responses to specific areas. Using in situ hybridization, we show that VEGF is expressed in 10 different steroidogenic and/or steroid-responsive cell types (theca, cumulus, granulosa, lutein, oviductal epithelium, endometrial stroma, decidua, giant trophoblast cells, adrenal cortex, and Leydig cells). Furthermore, in some cells upregulation of VEGF expression is concurrent with the acquisition of steroidogenic activity, and expression in other cell types is restricted to a particular stage of the ovarian cycle. These findings suggest that expression of VEGF is hormonally regulated. We propose that excessive expression of VEGF during gonadotropin-induced ovulation may contribute to the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes by virtue of the vascular permeabilization activity of this factor.
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL SALT INJECTIONS.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Personal experience with subconjunctival injections of solutions of different crystalloid substances in the treatment of various forms of ocular disease, a study of the literature of the subject, and differing views entertained by some of my colleagues regarding the efficiency of the method, have led me to think that a discussion of the subject by this section would prove interesting and valuable. The literature is too recent and too well known to need extended references; I shall, therefore, confine these remarks to my personal experience regarding the groups of disease in which the method has proved useful, its mode of application and a brief consideration of the theoretical basis for its adoption. In my early experience, injections of solutions of the mercurial salts were first experimented with, but soon abandoned because of the severe pain they occasioned and the more or less violent reaction which was liable to follow their
A6-06: Integrative genomic and gene expression analysis of NSCLC identifies subtype-specific signatures of pathway disruption
Authors: William W. Lockwood, Raj Chari, Bradley P. Coe, Timon P. Buys, John C. English, John Yee, Ming-Sound Tsao, Calum MacAulay, Stephen Lam, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Carbonyl reductase 1 as a novel target of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Weixue Huang, Liya Ding, Qiang Huang, Hairong Hu, Shan Liu, Xianmei Yang, Xiaohui Hu, Yongjun Dang, Suqin Shen, Jie Li, Xiaona Ji, Songmin Jiang, Jun O. Liu, Long Yu
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) converts the antitumor drug and anthracycline daunorubicin (DNR) into the alcohol metabolite daunorubicinol (DNROL) with significantly reduced antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity, and this limits the clinical use of DNR. Inhibition of CBR1 can thus increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of DNR. Here we report that (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea is a promising inhibitor of CBR1. EGCG directly interacts with CBR1 and acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to the cofactor reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and the substrate isatin. The inhibition is dependent on the pH, and the gallate moiety of EGCG is required for activity. Molecular modeling has revealed that EGCG occupies the active site of CBR1. Furthermore, EGCG specifically enhanced the antitumor activity of DNR against hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells expressing high levels of CBR1 and corresponding xenografts. We also demonstrated that EGCG could overcome the resistance to DNR by Hep3B cells stably expressing CBR1 but not by RNA interference of CBR1-HepG2 cells. The level of the metabolite DNROL was negatively correlated with that of EGCG in the cell extracts. Finally, EGCG decreased the cardiotoxicity of DNR in a human carcinoma xenograft model with both SMMC7721 and Hep3B cells in mice. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that EGCG can inhibit CBR1 activity and enhance the effectiveness and decrease the cardiotoxicity of the anticancer drug DNR. These findings also indicate that a combination of EGCG and DNR might represent a novel approach for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy or chemoprevention. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates T cell responses through targeted degradation of negative regulators of T cell activation
Authors: Rut Valdor, Enric Mocholi, Yair Botbol, Ignacio Guerrero-Ros, Dinesh Chandra, Hiroshi Koga, Claudia Gravekamp, Ana Maria Cuervo, Fernando Macian
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Role of prostaglandins in the control of renin secretion in the dog.
Authors: J Yun, G Kelly, F C Bartter, H Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Infusion of indomethacin into anesthetized, salt-depleted dogs cuased an increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and decreases in heart rate (HR), urine flow rate (V), renal plasma flow (RPF), and renin secretion rate. MABP was 112.1 +/-5.4 mm Hg during control periods and was 147.7 +/- 5.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) 80 minutes after the infusion of indomethacin. V was 0.38 +/- 0.06 ml/min during control periods and was 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml/min (P less than 0.005) 80 minutes after the infusion of indomethacin. RPF was 126.3 +/- 13.3 ml/min and 41.5 +/- 7.5 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.005), before and after 80 minutes of infusion. Renin secretion rate decreased from 1,194.1 +/- 353.9 U/min during control periods to reach 384.0 +/- 125.8 U/min (P less than 0.025) by 80 minutes of infusion of indomethacin. Subsequent infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the renal artery for 80 minutes caused increases of V to 0.53 +/- 0.13 ml/min (P less than 0.01), of RPF to 102.4 +/- 23.1 ml/min (P less than 0.01), and of renin secretion rate to 2,582.6 +/- 786.4 U/min (P less than 0.005). The decrease in renin secretion rate during the infusion of indomethacin persisted when renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was maintained relatively constant before and during the infusion of indomethacin. Furthermore, we found that infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) into the kidney gave the same pattern of response as PGE2. The data suggest that PGE1 and PGE2 play a role in the control of renin secretion.
WHAT ARE THE MOST EFFICIENT AND PRACTICAL MEANS FOR LIMITING THE PREVALENCE AND FATALITY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS?
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

There is no other subject within the domain of medicine that appears to be attracting the attention of the profession at the present time to so great an extent as the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. And certainly no other disease has greater claims on our attention, an account of its very general prevalence in all the countries of Europe and America, and the great mortality occasioned by it, being equal to one-eighth of the total mortality from all diseases.  To enable us effectually to devise and execute means for preventing or limiting the prevalence of any given disease we must know something of its causes, or, at least, of the conditions under which they become active as well as of the conditions under which they cease to act or are destroyed. Consequently, a correct and full knowledge of etiology contitutes the only legitimate basis for preventive medicine. It is