tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells resemble cardiomyocytes of the embryonic heart tube
Authors: A Fijnvandraat
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: After formation of the linear heart tube a chamber-specific program of gene expression becomes active that underlies the formation of the chamber myocardium. To assess whether this program is recapitulated in in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Gene expression profiles were made by in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR and electrophysiological profiles by patch clamp analyses of cardiomyocytes derived from time series of differentiating HM1 mouse embryonic stem cells and from embryonic and adult mouse hearts. Results: In embryoid bodies the in situ patterns of expression of α-myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 2a and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a were similar to that of the heart muscle-specific marker gene cardiac troponin I. Myosin light chain 2v was expressed in part of the cardiac troponin I-expressing area, indicating heterogeneity within the cardiac cell population. Atrial natriuretic factor expression, indicative of the chamber-type program, could only very occasionally be detected by in situ hybridisation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that all cardiac genes, most notably atrial natriuretic factor, were expressed at relatively low levels, similar to those in embryonic hearts at embryonic day 8.75–9. Analysis of the electrophysiological characteristics of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed an increase of the upstroke velocity and a shorter duration of the action potential during prolonged differentiation in vitro. When embryonic mouse heart compartments of embryonic day 12.5 were used as a reference, the electrophysiological characteristics of a substantial part of the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were most reminiscent to those observed in the embryonic outflow tract. Conclusion: Together, these data suggest that most cardiomyocytes acquired by differentiation of embryonic stem cells maintain a phenotype reminiscent of that of the cardiomyocytes of the primary heart tube, and hardly any myocytes develop a chamber myocardial phenotype.
Problems of Comorbidity in Mortality After Prostatectomy
Authors: John Concato
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In recent studies of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) had higher long-term mortality than men undergoing open prostatectomy. We tested the hypothesis that the higher mortality for patients undergoing TURP could have occurred if these patients were older and sicker at the time of surgery than patients undergoing open prostatectomy.Retrospective cohort study at Yale-New Haven (Conn) Hospital.Two hundred fifty-two men who underwent TURP or open prostatectomy from 1979 through 1981 for the treatment of BPH.Five-year mortality adjusted for age and severity of comorbid illness at the time of surgery.The crude 5-year mortality rates were 17.5% (22 of 126 patients) for the TURP group and 13.5% (17 of 126 patients) for the open group. At the time of surgery, however, patients in the TURP group were sicker and older than patients in the open group. As the detail and quality of the assessment of comorbidity increased, the adjusted risk of TURP decreased. Improved classifications of comorbidity in three different forms of statistical analysis did not show an effect of type of prostatectomy on long-term mortality (Mantel-Haenszel relative risk, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 1.87).These results suggest that TURP does not increase long-term mortality after surgery for the treatment of BPH. Inadequate accounting for severity of illness may also affect other statistical "adjustments" used in research concerned with patient outcomes.
Is bigger better for primary care groups and trusts?
Authors: C. Bojke
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The organisation of primary care services and their role as gatekeepers to more expensive specialist services have become key issues for policymakers, managers, and health professionals in many healthcare systems. The importance of primary care in delivering accessible, high quality services while constraining escalating costs is widely recognised.

In England the Labour government elected in 1997 made the formation of primary care groups and trusts the organisational centrepiece of its reforms to the NHS.1 Primary care groups, established throughout England in 1999, are expected to play a leading role in improving health, reducing inequalities, managing a unified budget for the health care of their registered populations, modernising services, improving quality, and integrating services through closer partnerships. Initially operating as subcommittees of health authorities, they bring together general practitioners, nurses, other health professionals, managers, and representatives of other service providers to manage local services. As they show their ability to manage their budgets and services, they take increased responsibility by becoming freestanding primary care trusts. In April 1999, 481 primary care groups were established in England; 17 of these became primary care trusts in April 2000, and many more are currently in the process of moving to trust status.

#### Summary points

The size of primary care organisations is only one of the factors that affect their performance: others include their policy priorities, functions, other organisational features, and the environment in which they operate

There is no evidence that increases in size of primary care groups and trusts beyond 100 000 patients will automatically generate substantial improvements in overall performance or economies of scale

Optimal size varies substantially for different functions of primary care groups and trusts

Organisational structures and organisational alliances can be used to achieve the different optimal sizes for different functions

One size will not suit all: bigger may be …
Assessment of Percutaneous Catheter Treatment of Paravalvular Prosthetic Regurgitation
Authors: Donald J. Hagler, Allison K. Cabalka, Paul Sorajja, Frank Cetta, Sunil V. Mankad, Charles J. Bruce, Lawrence J. Sinak, Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Charanjit S. Rihal
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia — Are We There Yet?
Authors: Ann R. Stark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, also known as chronic lung disease of infancy, is an important cause of illness in preterm infants. This condition, usually defined by the need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, affects nearly one third of surviving infants with extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 g) but occurs infrequently in infants with a birth weight of more than 1250 g or a gestational age of more than 30 weeks.1 Affected infants are more likely to have respiratory disorders in later infancy (including reactive airway disease and infection), to be hospitalized in the first one to . . .
Improvement of Subendocardial Myocardial Perfusion After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Hervé Perchet, Patrick Dupouy, Anne-Marie Duval-Moulin, Luc Hittinger, Gabriel Pelle, Philippe Brun, Alain Castaigne, Herbert Geschwind, Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background After angioplasty coronary reserve improves but does not normalize in most patients. The purpose of this study was to examine before and after angioplasty coronary reserve and transmural myocardial blood flow distribution using myocardial contrast echocardiography. Methods and Results Twelve patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis were investigated before and immediately after angioplasty. A Doppler catheter was placed in the proximal segment. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed by imaging the septum in M mode in a parasternal view using a 3.0-mL bolus of sonicated amidotrizoate sodium meglumine through the guiding catheter. The gray level before injection was subtracted from the gray level after injection to maximize contrast time-intensity curves. The area under the curve was used as an indicator of myocardial blood flow, and subendocardial/subepicardial ratios were measured. After baseline measurements were obtained, Doppler and echographic data were recorded after a bolus infusion of papaverine into the left main coronary artery. The same protocol was performed in patients after angioplasty and in five control subjects with normal coronary arteries. Before angioplasty, echocardiographic and Doppler coronary reserve were 2.57±0.48 and 2.54±0.57, respectively. Both increased after angioplasty to 3.65±0.57 and 3.36±0.70, respectively ( P &lt;.05). Coronary reserve values obtained in patients with these two methods under the different conditions and in control subjects were correlated ( r =.81; P =.0001). Before angioplasty, subendocardial/subepicardial septal ratios decreased from 0.80±0.48 to 0.60±0.27 after papaverine ( P &lt;.05). However, after angioplasty, these ratios tended to increase, from 0.72±0.27 to 0.92±0.45 after papaverine, but they did not change in control subjects (1.11±0.23 to 0.92±0.11). Conclusions These results show that myocardial contrast echocardiography yields flow reserve values that correlate with values obtained using intracoronary Doppler. This technique may be considered as an accurate tool to assess coronary reserve in humans.
AT-21 * FINAL RESULTS OF A PHASE 1 TRIAL OF AN ONCOLYTIC POLIO/RHINOVIRUS RECOMBINANT (PVSRIPO) AGAINST RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM)
Authors: A. Desjardins, J. Sampson, K. Peters, G. Vlahovic, S. Threatt, J. Herndon, S. Boulton, D. Lally-Goss, F. McSherry, E. Lipp, A. Friedman, H. Friedman, D. Bigner, M. Gromeier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: PVSRIPO is the live attenuated, oral (SABIN) serotype 1 poliovirus vaccine containing a heterologous internal ribosomal entry site stemming from human rhinovirus type 2. PVSRIPO recognizes nectin-like molecule-5, an oncofetal cell adhesion molecule and tumor antigen widely expressed ectopically in malignancy. We report results of a phase 1 trial evaluating PVSRIPO delivered intratumorally by convection-enhanced delivery (CED). METHODS: Eligible patients were adults with recurrent supratentorial GBM; solitary tumor 1-5cm in diameter; ≥4 weeks after chemotherapy, bevacizumab or study drug; adequate organ function; KPS > 70%; and positive anti-polio titer. The original two-step continual reassessment method dose escalation was amended to treat 6 patients at level 2 after observing prolonged steroid use in 5 of 7 patients treated on levels 3 to 5. RESULTS: Thus far, 13 patients have been treated (1 each levels 1 and 3, 5 level 2, 2 level 4, 4 level 5). One dose limiting toxicity was observed, grade 4 intracranial hemorrhage at catheter removal (level 5). Adverse events possibly related to study include: hemiparesis (grade 3, n = 3; grade 2, n = 1; grade 1, n = 1); lymphopenia (grade 3, n = 1); seizure (grade 3, n = 1; grade 2, n = 1; grade 1, n = 2); dysphasia (grade 2, n = 1; grade 1, n = 1); lethargy (grade 1, n = 4); headache (grade 2, n = 1; grade 1, n = 2); one each of grade 2 diarrhea, paresthesia and hyperbilirubinemia; and one each of grade 1 fever, cough, nasal congestion, memory impairment, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea and vomiting. Ten patients remain alive, with pts #1 and #2 now 25 and 24 months post-PVSRIPO, respectively. Patients on levels 3 to 5 requiring prolonged steroid use were initiated on bevacizumab, allowing tapering down steroids. CONCLUSION: Infusion of PVSRIPO via CED is safe thus far and encouraging efficacy results are observed. Enrollment will be completed for the meeting.
Prenatal and Postnatal Tobacco Exposure and Behavioral Problems in 10-Year-Old Children: Results from the GINI-plus Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Simon Rückinger, Peter Rzehak, Chih-Mei Chen, Stefanie Sausenthaler, Sibylle Koletzko, Carl-Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffmann, Ursula Kramer, Dietrich Berdel, Andrea von Berg, Otmar Bayer, H.-Erich Wichmann, Rüdiger von Kries, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Prenatal and postnatal tobacco exposure have been reported to be associated with behavioral problems. However, the magnitude of the association with tobacco exposure at specific periods of exposure is unclear.We assessed the relative risk of behavioral problems in children who had been exposed to tobacco smoke in utero and postnatally.We analyzed data from a prospective birth cohort study in two cities in Germany: the German Infant Nutrition Intervention. Our sample included 5,991 children born between 1995 and 1998 as well as their parents. We measured behavioral problems using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at follow-up 10 years after birth. According to prespecified SDQ cutoff values, children were classified as "normal," "borderline," or "abnormal" according to the subscales "emotional symptoms," "conduct problems," "hyperactivity/inattention," "peer-relationship problems," and a total difficulties score. Smoke exposure and further covariates were assessed using parent questionnaires.Compared with children not exposed to tobacco smoke, children exposed both pre- and postnatally to tobacco smoke had twice the estimated risk [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-3.1] of being classified as abnormal according to the total difficulties score of the SDQ at 10 years of age. Children who were only prenatally exposed had a 90% higher relative risk (95% CI, 0.9-4.0), whereas children who were only postnatally exposed had a 30% higher relative risk (95% CI, 0.9-1.9). These results could not be explained by confounding by parental education, father's employment, child's time spent in front of computer or television screen, being a single father or mother, or mother's age.Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with behavioral problems in school-age children. Although our findings do not preclude the influence of postnatal exposure, prenatal exposure seems to be more important.
Susceptibility of Rats with Renal Hypertension to Pyelonephritis, and Predisposition of Rats with Chronic Pyelonephritis to Hormonal Hypertension
Authors: STEPHEN HAJDU, EDWARD LEONARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The principles and procedural details for assay of the biological activity of cardioglob ulin A, B and C are presented. In the Methods section are described the construction of the frog heart cannula, and the technique for can nulating the heart and cauterizing the atria. The principle and methods for assaying car dioglobulin B are described. The use of rat plasma as a source of eardioglobulin A and C in the assay is discussed. The basis for the cardioglohulin C assay is described. The prep aration of cardioglobulin B for use in the assay is described in detail. The procedure used in the cardiogl.obulin C assay is given, with a discussion of certain factors which must be controlled. The assay for cardio globulin A is outlined, and the method for preparing cardioglobulin C for use in the assay is also given. A comparison between cardioglobulin A and C activity in human subjects is made.
Physicianhood in the 1890s
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous X chromosome MI and MII nondisjunction events in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes have different recombinational histories
Authors: Kara E. Koehler, Christina L. Boulton, Heather E. Collins, Rachael L. French, Kristin C. Herman, Soni M. Lacefield, Laurence D. Madden, Christopher D. Schuetz, R. Scott Hawley
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Cigarette Smoking among Medical Students
Authors: William J. Foley, Michael E. McGinn, Harvey E. Amoe, William W. Coon, David H. Culver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

WE surveyed the cigarette-smoking habits of the 771 students in the University of Michigan Medical School, and correlated them with their personal opinions about the relation of cigarette smoking to carcinoma of the lung, pulmonary emphysema and coronary-artery disease. The findings are summarized in Table 1. Twenty-three per cent of the students were currently smoking cigarettes; 61.8 per cent had never habitually smoked. Both the smokers and the nonsmokers, in equally high percentages, believed that cigarette smoking could cause carcinoma of the lung. A significantly higher percentage of smokers than nonsmokers believed emphysema was causally related to cigarette smoking (p less . . .
Efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone aceponate ointment 0.1% compared to tacrolimus 0.03% in children and adolescents with an acute flare of severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: T. Bieber, K. Vick, R. Fölster‐Holst, A. Belloni‐Fortina, G. Städtler, M. Worm, F. Arcangeli
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Topical glucocorticosteroids are the gold standard in treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, topical calcineurin inhibitors have been developed for treatment of this condition. This study compared efficacy and safety of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) ointment with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment for 3 weeks, in children and adolescents with severe to very severe flare of AD. Methods: The primary end point was treatment success, defined as a score of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’ in the static Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score. Secondary end points were the percentage change in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and patients’ assessment of itch and sleep, Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index, patient's assessment of global response, affected Body Surface Area and medication costs. Results: 265 patients were randomized to either MPA ( n = 129) or tacrolimus ( n = 136) treatment, 257 patients completed the study. Methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% ointment once daily provided rapid and relevant clinical benefit. Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment twice daily was equally effective with regard to success rate. Methylprednisolone aceponate was superior to tacrolimus for EASI, itch and sleep. Both treatments were well tolerated. Drug‐related adverse events were only observed in the tacrolimus group. Medication costs were significantly lower for MPA. Conclusions: While both treatment groups showed similar efficacy results regarding treatment success (IGA), significant advantages were observed for EASI, itch and sleep with MPA 0.1%. These advantages and the significantly lower treatment costs highlight the benefits of MPA treatment, underlining its first‐line role in treatment of children and adolescents with severe AD.
Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: E Nilsson, G Biberfeld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Subpopulations of human blood T lymphocytes were determined in 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in 20 healthy individuals. The proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG cells) was increased in 9 patients. The proportion of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the fc portion of IgM (TM cells) was within the range found in healthy controls in all but 4 patients, who had a decreased level of TM cells.
Swelling-activated chloride current is activated in guinea pig cardiomyocytes from endotoxic shock
Authors: C Chiang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: Myocardial swelling occurs during endotoxic shock. The hypothesis that swelling-activated Cl− current (ICl,swell) activates during endotoxic shock was tested. Methods: Endotoxic shock was induced by intravenous lipopolysaccharides (10 mg/kg) in guinea pigs. The effects of ICl,swell blockers on the cardiac action potentials in papillary muscles and on the ICl,swell in single ventricular myocytes were tested. Results: Action potential duration (APD) at 90% of repolarization (APD90) was significantly shortened after 5-h endotoxic shock in guinea pig papillary muscles. ICl,swell blockers, 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-AC) and 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS), dose-dependently prolonged the shortened APD90. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors, l-N6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine (L-NIL) and N-[[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl]-ethanimidamide (1400 W), also prolonged the APD90. Protein kinase C (PKC) activators, 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (PDD), also prolonged the APD. The addition of glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker) on top of these ICl,swell blockers hastened the recovery of APD90 compared to the use of ICl,swell blockers alone. Whole-cell voltage-clamp study in single ventricular myocytes from endotoxic shock heart disclosed activation of a DIDS- and 9-AC-sensitive current. These currents displayed outward rectification with reversal potentials similar to the calculated Nernst potential for Cl−. The reversal potentials tracked the ECl closely when the Cl− gradient was changed, suggesting that Cl− was the major charged carrier. Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that ICl,swell activates in guinea pig heart in endotoxic shock. The change in this membrane current, together with the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ current, contributes to the electrophysiological derangement in endotoxic shock.
Hypothalamic resistin induces hepatic insulin resistance
Authors: Evan D. Muse, Tony K.T. Lam, Philipp E. Scherer, Luciano Rossetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Circulating resistin stimulates endogenous glucose production (GP). Here, we report that bi-directional changes in hypothalamic resistin action have dramatic effects on GP and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the liver. The infusion of either resistin or an active cysteine mutant in the third cerebral ventricle (icv) or in the mediobasal hypothalamus stimulated GP independent of changes in circulating levels of glucoregulatory hormones. Conversely, central antagonism of resistin action markedly diminished the ability of circulating resistin to enhance GP. We also report that centrally mediated mechanisms partially control resistin-induced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and SOCS-3 in the liver. These results unveil what we believe to be a novel site of action of resistin on GP and inflammation and suggest that hypothalamic resistin action can contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.