tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global and regional right ventricular function in normal infants and infants with transposition of the great arteries after Senning operation.
Authors: E Trowitzsch, S D Colan, S P Sanders
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size, global function, and regional wall motion was performed in 29 normal infants and 19 infants with transposition of the great arteries 1 to 41 months after they underwent the Senning procedure. Sixteen of the patients with transposition of the great arteries were in clinically good condition and three had congestive heart failure. The right ventricular endocardial surface was digitized frame by frame for a complete cardiac cycle in both subxiphoid long-axis (coronal plane) and short-axis (parasagittal plane) views, and the cross-sectional area and the area change fraction (AF) were calculated. In each plane the right ventricular wall was subdivided into four anatomic regions (infundibular, free wall, diaphragmatic, and septal). With the use of a floating point center of mass model the direction and average extent of motion of the endocardium was determined for each region. In normal infants the infundibular and free wall portions of the right ventricle exhibited the greatest inward motion and the septal segments the least inward motion. Although the maximal area in both long-axis (r = .85) and short-axis (r = .85) views was highly correlated with body surface area (BSA), neither global nor regional function was significantly correlated with age or BSA. In clinically well patients after Senning procedure regional right ventricular function followed an entirely different pattern than that seen in normal infants. The endocardium of the septal segments showed the greatest inward motion in systole. In contrast to those in normal infants, maximal and minimal cross-sectional areas did not correlate significantly with BSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
I blew the whistle on the government's disability assessments
Authors: Greg Wood
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Flavour capsule cigarette variants (FCVs), which allow users to customise their smoking experience and reduce the harshness of smoking, have captured an increasing share of many markets. We examined tobacco companies’ argument that such product innovations aim simply to shift market share, by estimating smokers’ and susceptible non-smokers’ responses to FCVs. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted an online survey of 425 smokers (daily and non-daily), susceptible non-smokers (n=224) and former smokers (n=166) aged between 18 and 25. Restrpondents completed a choice experiment, a behavioural probability measure and a perception task. We analysed the choice data using a conditional logistic regression and a rank-ordered logistic regression, and the probability and perception data using t-tests and descriptive statistics. <h3>Results</h3> Non-smokers preferred an FCV relative to an unflavoured cigarette, whereas the opposite was the case for smokers. Susceptible non-smokers and former smokers were more likely to try a fruit flavoured FCV than an unflavoured stick, while daily smokers were more likely than non-daily smokers to do the same. Susceptible non-smokers, former smokers and non-daily smokers also had more positive perceptions of FCVs relative to unflavoured sticks than did daily smokers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FCVs appeal more to non-smokers than to smokers, and more to non-daily smokers than to daily smokers. They thus appear likely to recruit non-smokers and potentially increase overall smoking prevalence. Policy responses include ensuring standardised packaging legislation disallows FCVs by specifically regulating the appearance and design of tobacco products, or introducing bespoke regulation that addresses the threat posed by FCVs.
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and melanoma tumorigenesis: an insight
Authors: M.R. Hussein
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The presence of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) amid the tumour cells in the stroma and overlying epidermis is a constant feature of melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer. These lymphocytes are mostly cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) that can be propagated in vitro by specific cytokines. Also, they can kill melanoma cells. This specific killing can be abrogated by monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD8, T‐cell receptors (TCRs) and against class I human leucocyte antigens (HLAs). This indicates that these CTLs can recognize the melanoma cells through the TCRs, in an HLA class I‐restricted manner. Therefore, these cells and their products both are critical players in T cell‐induced melanoma regression and are powerful predictors of survival. This review seeks to examine the characteristics, activation and role of TILs and their associated molecules in melanomas.
Points: Selection of medical students by medical schools
Authors: J L Potter
Journal: BMJ (1986)

August, p 395) make an important point which deserves highlighting.Fracture dislocation of the cervical spine complicating near drowning is a rare event in Britain but is seen more commonly in Australia, where body surfing is a popular sport.The advice given to rescuers in Britain is that any unconscious patient found in standing depth water should be handled as though he or she had suffered fracture dislocation of the neck.It is possible on occasions to ventilate adequately without extending the neck, but if this is not the case then the rescuer has no alternative but to tilt the head back.
Serum Complement, Rheumatoid Factor, and Other Serum Proteins in Rheumatoid Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: H. A. Ellis, D. Felix-Davies
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

Several authors have reported serum complement changes in rheumatoid arthritis (Rachmilewitz and Silberstein, 1937; Vaughan, Bayles, and Favour, 1951 a; Kellett, 1954), and have variously found low, normal, or high levels in different cases.More recently, Williams anid Law (1958) have investigated serum complement changes in a variety of "connective tissue disorders", and have found that, in a group of 48 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, the complement values were always high
The Coding Audit
Authors: Joan Sumkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

On Being a Doctor15 March 1998The Coding AuditJoan Sumkin, MDJoan Sumkin, MDFond du Lac, WI 54935Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You need two out of three components to code a 99213. Understand, this has nothing to do with the quality of medical care. The reality is that HCFA [the Health Care Financing Administration] will reclaim fees paid for inaccurate coding.”A pile of my audited charts was arranged in front of the coding consultant. Next to her sat our billing specialist. It was 8:30 on a Thursday morning, in the middle of the half hour that I usually reserve to think, dictate letters, read about my difficult cases, and perform the myriad tasks that pile up by the end of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joan Sumkin, MDAffiliations: Fond du Lac, WI 54935Corresponding Author: Joan Sumkin, MD, 210 Wisconsin American Drive, Fond du Lac, WI 54935. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHow accurate is the medical record? A comparison of the physician’s note with a concealed audio recording in unannounced standardized patient encountersDocumentation and coding of medical records in a tertiary care center: a pilot study 15 March 1998Volume 128, Issue 6Page: 502KeywordsChartsEmotionsHealth careHealth care qualitySystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Commentary: Industry can damage your health
Authors: P. Garner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response.Design: Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study.Setting: Research vaccine evaluation centre at a teaching hospital.Subjects: 100 healthcare workers aged 18-70 years with a history of failure to seroconvert after at least four doses of a licensed hepatitis B vaccine containing the S component.Intervention: Each subject was randomly allocated two doses of 5, 10, 20, or 40 g of a new hepatitis B vaccine two months apart.Main outcome measures: Immunogenicity of the four doses.Seroconversion and seroprotection were defined as an antibody titre > 10 IU/l and > 100 IU/l respectively against an international antibody standard.Results: 69 subjects seroconverted after a single dose of the vaccine.After the booster vaccination one other subject seroconverted, bringing the overall seroconversion rate to 70%.Fifteen subjects given 5 g of vaccine, 19 given 10 g, 16 given 20 g, and 20 given 40 g seroconverted.Seroconversion rates in the four antigen dose groups were 60% (15/25), 76% (19/25), 64% (16/25), and 80% (20/25).After the booster dose there was no significant dose-response effect on the overall seroconversion rate, although the small sample size meant that a clinically important dose-response could not be ruled out. Conclusion:A single dose of 20 g of the vaccine was as effective as two doses of either 40 g or 20 g of this vaccine formulation in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titres.
Maternal Diabetes Modulates Renal Morphogenesis in Offspring
Authors: Stella Tran, Yun-Wen Chen, Isabelle Chenier, John S.D. Chan, Susan Quaggin, Marie-Jose[Combining Acute Accent]e He[Combining Acute Accent]bert, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Shao-Ling Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Maternal diabetes leads to an adverse in utero environment, but whether maternal diabetes impairs nephrogenesis is unknown. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in pregnant Hoxb7-green fluorescence protein mice at embryonic day 13, and the offspring were examined at several time points after birth. Compared with offspring of nondiabetic controls, offspring of diabetic mice had lower body weight, body size, kidney weight, and nephron number. The observed renal dysmorphogenesis may be the result of increased apoptosis, because immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly more apoptotic podocytes as well as increased active caspase-3 immunostaining in the renal tubules compared with control mice. Regarding potential mediators of these differences, offspring of diabetic mice had increased expression of intrarenal angiotensinogen and renin mRNA, upregulation of NF-kappaB isoforms p50 and p65, and activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. In conclusion, maternal diabetes impairs nephrogenesis, possibly via enhanced intrarenal activation of the renin-angiotensin system and NF-kappaB signaling.
Health Care Cost Control and Views of Physicians
Authors: Janet Weiner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Moxalactam Therapy for Neonatal Meningitis due to Gram-negative Enteric Bacilli
Authors: George H. McCracken, Norma Threlkeld, Susan Mize, Carol J. Baker, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Idis Faingezicht, William E. Feldman, Urs Schaad
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Moxalactam and ampicillin sodium therapy were compared with amikacin sulfate and ampicillin therapy for meningitis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli in 63 infants enrolled in the Third Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study. The population characteristics and causative organisms were comparable for the two treatment groups. Cultures of CSF were positive for approximately three days in both study groups. Case-fatality rates were 23% and 15% for moxalactam-treated infants and ampicillin- and amikacin-treated infants, respectively. Developmental or neurological abnormalities were found in about 40% of survivors, and the rates were comparable for both treatment groups. Computed tomograms in 44 infants were interpreted as normal in 13 (30%); hydrocephalus, abscesses, and low-density areas were the most frequent abnormalities. We conclude that moxalactam is a suitable alternative for treatment of meningitis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli.
Address on Collective Investigation
Authors: S. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (1884)

I_it with the point of a pencil, it responded to 8timtdation.Liquids and food also never returned through the nostrils.That it was in- volved, though to a slight degree, was manifested by his inability to sneeze or blow his nose, acts which do nbt depend in any way on the power of closing the lips.The lower facial muscles and, the tongue responded feebly to faradism, and there was no reaction of degeneration.The mind seemed to be unaffected, though at times he was very desponding, and when amused he laughed immoderately.On testing the general muscular power, it was evident that, in ad- dition to the symptoms of progressive bulbar' paralysis, for the relief of which he sought advice, his hands, upper extremities, and trunk were the seat of progressive muscular atrophy.The left hand was affected to a greater extent than the right, and exhibited the features of the "claw-hand."The dorsal interossei of each hand were atrbphied, and, ks well as the second and third left palmar, did not respond to faradism.The thenar and* hypothenar eminences were also flattened; the abductor pollicis did not respond to electri'cityv while the opponens responded very feebly.The power of grasping was greatly impaired, the dynamometer registering 12k. to the right, and 5k. to the left, hand.The forearms were soft and flabby; the deltoids, and markedly the right one, were atrophied.The patient was unable to raise his right arm to the horizontal level, and without the aid of the left hand to place the right on the 'vertex.Fibrillary mo-vements were seen in almost all the muscles, but were well marked in the deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps humeri, and flexor digitotinm.Sensation was unaffected.With the exception of the deep cervical muscles which raise and turn the head, all of which were more or less involved as to function, and probably also as to size and structure, the muscles of the trunk and lower extremities were unaffected.There was no loss of power or co-ordination while walking, and the
Recent Applications of DNA Microarray Technology to Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Authors: Teresa Lettieri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Gene expression is a unique way of characterizing how cells and organisms adapt to changes in the external environment. The measurements of gene expression levels upon exposure to a chemical can be used both to provide information about the mechanism of action of the toxicant and to form a sort of "genetic signature" for the identification of toxic products. The development of high-quality, commercially available gene arrays has allowed this technology to become a standard tool in molecular toxicology. Several national and international initiatives have provided the proof-of-principle tests for the application of gene expression for the study of the toxicity of new and existing chemical compounds. In the last few years the field has progressed from evaluating the potential of the technology to illustrating the practical use of gene expression profiling in toxicology. The application of gene expression profiling to ecotoxicology is at an earlier stage, mainly because of the the many variables involved in analyzing the status of natural populations. Nevertheless, significant studies have been carried out on the response to environmental stressors both in model and in nonmodel organisms. It can be easily predicted that the development of stressor-specific signatures in gene expression profiling in ecotoxicology will have a major impact on the ecotoxicology field in the near future. International collaborations could play an important role in accelerating the application of genomic approaches in ecotoxicology.
Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents
Authors: Elizabeth M. Ward, Paul A. Schulte, Kurt Straif, Nancy B. Hopf, Jane C. Caldwell, Tania Carreón, David M. DeMarini, Bruce A. Fowler, Bernard D. Goldstein, Kari Hemminki, Cynthia J. Hines, Kirsti Husgafvel Pursiainen, Eileen Kuempel, Joellen Lewtas, Ruth M. Lunn, Elsebeth Lynge, Damien M. McElvenny, Hartwig Muhle, Tamie Nakajima, Larry W. Robertson, Nathaniel Rothman, Avima M. Ruder, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, Jack Siemiatycki, Debra Silverman, Martyn T. Smith, Tom Sorahan, Kyle Steenland, Richard G. Stevens, Paolo Vineis, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Lauren Zeise, Vincent J. Cogliano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

There are some common occupational agents and exposure circumstances for which evidence of carcinogenicity is substantial but not yet conclusive for humans. Our objectives were to identify research gaps and needs for 20 agents prioritized for review based on evidence of widespread human exposures and potential carcinogenicity in animals or humans.For each chemical agent (or category of agents), a systematic review was conducted of new data published since the most recent pertinent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph meeting on that agent.Reviewers were charged with identifying data gaps and general and specific approaches to address them, focusing on research that would be important in resolving classification uncertainties. An expert meeting brought reviewers together to discuss each agent and the identified data gaps and approaches.Several overarching issues were identified that pertained to multiple agents; these included the importance of recognizing that carcinogenic agents can act through multiple toxicity pathways and mechanisms, including epigenetic mechanisms, oxidative stress, and immuno- and hormonal modulation.Studies in occupational populations provide important opportunities to understand the mechanisms through which exogenous agents cause cancer and intervene to prevent human exposure and/or prevent or detect cancer among those already exposed. Scientific developments are likely to increase the challenges and complexities of carcinogen testing and evaluation in the future, and epidemiologic studies will be particularly critical to inform carcinogen classification and risk assessment processes.
Abstract 3792: Population Pharmacokinetic (PPK) modeling of ProLindac™ (AP5346), a nanopolymer prodrug of diaminocyclohexane (DACH)-platinum (Pt) in recurrent advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) patients
Authors: Keyvan Rezaï, Saik Urien, Sophie Weill, Mohamed Bekradda, Fabrice Bourdel, David P. Nowotnik, Esteban Cvitkovic, François Lokiec
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: ProLindac™ (PL) is a 25 kDa hydroxypropylmethacrylamide copolymer linked to a DACH-Pt. The DACH-Pt complex is thought to be biologically inert while attached to the polymer, with slow in vivo Pt release accelerated in low pH environments (extracellular space of hypoxic tumor and intracellular lysosomal compartment). Methods: 9/35 patients (pts) with recurrent OAC treated with single-agent PL via 2-h IV infusion at doses of 900 mg/m*2 q2w (3 pts), 1400 mg/m*2 q3w (3 pts) and 1680 mg/m*2 q3w (3 pts) were assessable for full PK analysis. 8 time point samples were collected on cycle 1, and 2 samples at cycles 2, 3 and 4. The ultrafiltration procedure used Ultra-4 filters (Amicon) with 50 kDa for unbound PL (U-PL) and 3 kDa for unbound Pt (U-Pt) cut-off. Urine was collected every 6 h from day 1 to 5 of dosing 1. Pt levels were measured by a validated Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (concentration range: 12.5 - 500 ng/mL). PPK was modeled using a nonlinear mixed effect model program (Monolix version 3.1s) by computing the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters without any approximation of the model. Results: A 3-compartment open model adequately described the total PL time-concentration curve with linear elimination while a 2-compartment model satisfactorily described U-PL and U-Pt time-concentration curves with linear elimination. Mean PPK parameters with SD are summarized below: The mean recovery of PL dose in urine was at least 60% within 5 days. Conclusion: The central Vd for total PL Pt is rather small, close to the circulating blood volume suggesting that the major part of parent drug is restrained in the circulatory space with weak tissue diffusion probably due to a high protein binding rate. However, for U-PL and U-Pt, the Vd is much higher suggesting: 1) a significant tissue diffusion of active species (free-Pt), 2) PL is bound to plasma proteins with low-energy bonds. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3792. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3792
“Insular” Carcinoma of Thyroid A Subset of Anaplastic Thyroid Malignancy With a Less Aggressive Clinical Course
Authors: CHANDRASEKHAR BAL, AJIT K. PADHY, SUBRAT PANDA, LALIT KUMAR, A. K. BASU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Insular carcinoma of the thyroid appears to represent an entity situated morphologically and biologically in an intermediate position between the well-differentiated and undifferentiated (anaplastic) tumors. The retention of 1–131 concentrating ability by this variant, unlike anaplastic, is very encouraging and amenable to detection and therapy by radioiodine after initial aggressive surgery. A 46-year-old man with a histologic label of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has had an unusually prolonged disease-free survival and histopathologic review confirmed insular carcinoma. Postoperative radioiodine evaluation revealed avid concentration of tracer in the thyroid bed. Thus, it is possible to ablate with radioiodine. The insular carcinoma should be considered as a distinct clinicopathologic entity and widespread awareness of this variant of tumor may help pathologists, surgeons, and nuclear medicine practitioners to aggressively treat the condition after initial diagnosis.