tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor, lifestyle factors and lumbar spinal degenerative disease
Authors: G. Jones, C. White, P. Sambrook, J. Eisman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To describe the relation between spinal degenerative disease, allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor gene, and lifestyle factors in a population-based association study. <h3>METHODS</h3> Random population-based sample of 110 men and 172 women over 60 years of age participating in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study who had spinal radiographs (performed according to a standardised approach), assessment of lifestyle factors, bone densitometry as well as blood taken for genotyping. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Spinal degenerative disease of varying severity was common in this sample. Multivariate analysis of genetic and lifestyle factors simultaneously strengthened the statistical significance of each indicating the presence of additive gene environment interaction. Allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor gene was associated with severity of osteophytosis (adjusted OR “TT” <i>v</i> “tt” 0.41, 95% CI 0.17, 0.97), presence of disc narrowing (adjusted OR “TT”<i> v</i> “tt” 0.45, 95% CI 0.20, 0.99) and weakly with presence of osteophytosis (adjusted OR “TT” <i>v</i> “tt” 0.47, 95% CI 0.19, 1.16) but not with severity of disc narrowing (OR “TT” <i>v</i> “tt” 1.05, 95% CI 0.40, 2.72) or apophyseal arthritis (OR “TT” <i>v</i>“tt” 0.63, 95% CI 0.24, 1.59). Adjustment for femoral neck bone density did not change these findings suggesting that the association is not mediated through bone density. Presence and severity of spinal degenerative disease increased with age at all sites. Current smoking increased both the presence (adjusted OR 9.70, 95% CI 2.08, 45.1) and severity (adjusted OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.16, 9.03) of spinal osteophytosis with intermediate values for past smokers. Severity of osteophytosis was also independently associated with body mass index and quadriceps strength consistent with a contributory effect of physical loading. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In this elderly sample, both genetic and lifestyle factors were associated with the presence and severity of spinal degenerative disease. There were site specific differences in associations at the spine, which may be because of misclassification of disease status or may indicate possible environmental and genetic differences in the pathophysiology of spinal degenerative disease. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in different population samples and to further explore potential aetiological mechanisms particularly gene environment interaction.
Penicillamine and Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: PAUL K. WILLIAMSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1983Penicillamine and Progressive Systemic SclerosisPAUL K. WILLIAMSON, M.D.PAUL K. WILLIAMSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-675_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Steen and associates (1) have attempted to draw conclusions about the effect of D-penicillamine on the natural history of progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma.In prospective studies, the random assignment of patients to treatment or control groups results in two similar samples from which conclusions can subsequently be drawn after therapeutic interventions. In retrospective studies, this assignment has already been made not randomly but on clinical grounds, and subtle group differences may occur. For example, in the study by Steen and associates (1), a patient may have developed mild proteinuria during the sixth month and D-penicillamine...Reference1. STEEN V, MEDSGAR T, and RODNAN G. D-Penicillamine therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): a retrospective analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:652-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. STEEN V, MEDSGER T, OSIAL T, ZIEGLER G, SHAPIRO A, and RODNAN G. Factors predicting the development of renal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Arthritis Rheum. 1981;24:S84. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL K. WILLIAMSON, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 675-676KeywordsPatientsProspective studiesProteinuriaRetrospective studiesScleroderma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors need training to respond to domestic violence, NICE guidance says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

All doctors should receive training to recognise and respond to domestic violence, similar to their mandatory training on child protection, guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said.

The guidance, published on 26 February, outlined how health services, social care, and the third sector organisations they work with could respond effectively to domestic violence and abuse.1 It said that each year 7.4% of women and 4.8% of men experienced domestic violence or abuse and that 30% of women and 17% of men will experience it at some point in their lives.

The guidance is the first that NICE has produced on domestic violence. Mike Kelly, director of the Centre for Public Health at NICE, said that it was designed …
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Related Pathology in Adults Who Were Born With Esophageal Atresia: A Long-Term Follow-up Study
Authors: Andrew C.F. Taylor, Kerry J. Breen, Alex Auldist, Anthony Catto–Smith, Tom Clarnette, Joe Crameri, Russell Taylor, Satish Nagarajah, Jocelyn Brady, Keith Stokes
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Philadelphia Municipal Hospital.
Authors: Thomas H. Fenton
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Philadelphia, March 18, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was sorry to see in the issue ofThe Journalfor March 15, under "Pennsylvania Notes," a manifestly untrue statement as to the action of the Philadelphia County Medical Society respecting the administration of the Municipal Hospital. This news item conveys an entirely wrong impression, as from my own knowledge, a vast majority of the members of the Society most cordially endorse and commend the splendid work accomplished in this Hospital, with its inadequate facilities. The facts are these: No business can be introduced at the scientific meetings of the Society, except by unanimous consent. As one member objected, I was obliged to rule against the admission of resolutions commendatory to the management of the hospital during the present epidemic of smallpox. Your correspondent must have taken his quoted sentence from the public prints, as no such language as that used by
DISEASES OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Geo. A. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1928)

mucin could be extracted from the subcutaneous tissues of* these persons.He therefore gave the name of " myxoedema " to supposedly dropsical cases of this type.28The separation of these cases, which formerly had been classed as a type of dropsy, was further made in 1883 by Kocher, who found that the condition developed after removal of the thyroid gland,29 and by Semon,30 who in the sansie year suggested the identity of cretinism, myxoedema, and cachexia strumipriva, and whose suggestions on identity of origin were confirmed through an investigation held by the Clinical Society of London in the following year.31.
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism with Normal Urinary Calcium
Authors: L. Symon, I. M. Bett
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The previous radiological history of 100 consecutive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in which the patient was over the age of 55 years was investigated.Fifty had been x-rayed before: 23 (46%) of these films were clear and 27 (54%) showed no abnormality.In films considered abnormal, inactive tuberculosis, "unresolved pneumonia," and "bronchitic changes" were the most common abnormalities found.Only three patients were under the age of 50 when previously x-rayed, and 38 patients had been x-rayed within five years of diagnosis.In an older person if any suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis arises it is essential to carry out an x-ray examination of the chest even if a recent film has been reported clear.I wish to thank Dr. A. W. Lees, consultant chest physician, Ruchill Hospital, for his constant interest in this investigation, and Dr. Agnes
Human and veterinary medicine
Authors: Martin Alder, Graham Easton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Theme issue will look at ways in which doctors and vets can work together 

Traditionally, human medicine and veterinary medicine tend to be viewed separately. Doctors treat people, and vets look after animals. Of course differences exist between the two types of patients and options for treatment. Euthanasia, for example, tends not to be looked on favourably in humans, whereas in veterinary medicine it might be the best approach. Similarly, culling infected individuals or those suspected of being infected is not an option for controlling an outbreak of infectious disease in humans but may well be so in animals. Doctors usually have the advantage over …
Requirements and Definitions in Conflict of Interest Policies of Medical Journals
Authors: Jared A. Blum
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Conflicts of interest (COIs) may influence medical literature. However, it is unclear whether medical journals have consistent policies for defining and soliciting COI disclosures.To determine the prevalence of author COI policies, requirements for signed disclosure statements, and variability in COI definitions among medical journals.A cross-sectional survey of Instructions for Authors and manuscript submission documents, including authorship responsibility forms, for high-impact medical journals across 35 subject categories available from March through October 2008.Presence of language referring to COI disclosure in the Instructions for Authors or manuscript submission documents.Of 256 journals, 89% had author COI policies. Fifty-four percent required authors to sign a disclosure statement, and 77% provided definitions of COI. Most definitions were limited to direct financial relationships; a minority of journals requested disclosure of other potential conflicts such as personal relationships (42%), paid expert testimony (42%), relationships with other organizations (26%), or travel grants (12%). The prevalence of policies varied by subject category: all internal medicine, respiratory medicine, and toxicology journals studied had comprehensive COI definitions, with 19 of these 24 journals requiring signed disclosure attestations. In contrast, 6 of 19 geriatrics, radiology, and rehabilitation journals requested author COI disclosure. Most journals that officially endorsed International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines had COI policies (68/69), compared with 84% of journals not endorsing the guidelines (158/187).In 2008, most medical journals with relatively high impact factors had author COI policies available for public review. Among journals, there was substantial variation in policies for solicitation of author COIs and in definitions of COI.
Sex and Gender Factors in Medical Studies
Authors: Vivian W. Pinn
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More Peering Into Editorial Peer Review
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Eight years ago, we at<i>JAMA</i>decided to invite scientists and editors of scientific journals to discuss research into the process whereby manuscripts in both basic and clinical biomedicine are selected and improved for publication: editorial peer review. See also p 2775. Scientists spend a good deal of their time reviewing papers sent to them by journals and responding to the reviewers' criticisms of their own papers. For their part, editors spend an even greater proportion of their time running and fine-tuning the delicate apparatus of review. Peer review educates everyone concerned and is comforting to editors and to the scientific community, who believe that it tends to make what seems to be an arbitrary process more democratic.<sup>1</sup>If peer review always worked properly in helping editors to make informed choices concerning the validity and importance of different manuscripts while improving those published, its virtues would be too obvious to
Survival and Functional Independence after Implantation of a Permanent Pacemaker in Octogenarians and Nonagenarians: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Win Kuang Shen, David L. Hayes, Stephen C. Hammill, Kent R. Bailey, David J. Ballard, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: The number of very elderly persons who are candidates for implantation of a permanent pacemaker is increasing, but the effect of cardiac pacing on long-term survival and functional variables has not been determined. Objective: To determine long-term survival after implantation of a permanent pacemaker in octogenarians and nonagenarians and to assess functional independence after such implantation. Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort study. Setting: Epidemiologic setting from an unselected population. Patients: 157 octogenarians and nonagenarians who initially received a pacemaker between 1962 and 1988 and were followed through 1992. Main Outcome Measures: Overall mortality rate, functional capabilities, and placement in a nursing home. Results: Observed survival in patients with heart disease was significantly worse than that in age- and sex-matched controls (P < 0.001). Observed survival in community residents without heart disease was similar to that in controls (P > 0.2). Multivariable analysis identified congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, old age, syncope, cancer, and atrioventricular block as independent predictors of increased mortality. Symptoms decreased in 118 patients (75%) after pacemaker implantation. After implantation, 70 patients (45%) were permanently placed in nursing homes; this number is similar to the estimated probability of lifetime use of nursing homes from the National Mortality Followback Survey. Dementia developed or worsened in 51 patients (32%), and orthopedic disability occurred in 41 patients (26%). Conclusions: Normal relative survival in octogenarians and nonagenarians without heart disease is reassuring; the poor prognosis in patients with heart disease warrants careful evaluation of the methods and indications for cardiac pacing. Permanent pacing alleviates bradycardia-related symptoms. Placement in a nursing home and development or worsening of cardiac, neurologic, or orthopedic disabilities frequently occur after implantation of a permanent pacemaker in the very elderly.
Parents’ Views of Cancer-Directed Therapy for Children With No Realistic Chance for Cure
Authors: Jennifer W. Mack, Steven Joffe, Joanne M. Hilden, Jan Watterson, Caron Moore, Jane C. Weeks, Joanne Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Previous literature suggests that parents often wish to continue cancer-directed therapy for their children with incurable cancer. We assessed parents’ experiences with treatment for their children with cancer and no realistic chance of cure. Patients and Methods We administered questionnaires to 141 parents of children with cancer who died after receiving care at one of two cancer centers. Parents were asked whether the child benefited and suffered from treatment administered after the parent recognized that cure was not a realistic expectation, and whether they would recommend cancer-directed therapy to other families of children with advanced cancer. Results Fifty-three (38%) of 141 children received cancer-directed therapy after the parent recognized that the child had no realistic chance for cure. Most of these parents felt that their child had experienced at least some suffering resulting from the therapy (61%, 31 of 51) and little to no benefit (57%, 29 of 51). Fifty-one (38%) of 135 parents overall would recommend standard chemotherapy and 46 (33%) of 140 would recommend experimental chemotherapy to families of children with advanced cancer. Even parents who would not recommend standard chemotherapy generally felt the physician should offer it (91%, 88 of 97). Parents who reported that their children experienced suffering resulting from cancer-directed therapy (odds ratio = 0.46; P = .02) were less likely to recommend standard chemotherapy to other families. Conclusion Although many parents choose treatment for their children with incurable cancer, bereaved parents often would not recommend such therapy. Parents who felt their children suffered as a result of cancer treatment were particularly unlikely to recommend it.
Grazoprevir and elbasvir plus ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype-1 infection after failure of combination therapy containing a direct-acting antiviral agent
Authors: Xavier Forns, Stuart C. Gordon, Eli Zuckerman, Eric Lawitz, Jose L. Calleja, Harald Hofer, Christopher Gilbert, John Palcza, Anita Y.M. Howe, Mark J. DiNubile, Michael N. Robertson, Janice Wahl, Eliav Barr, Maria Buti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Garry S. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ABSTRACT To  Editor. —In their Commentary,1 Dr Kessler and colleagues lament the uncertainty and unease that patients are experiencing without acknowledging  Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) significant contribution to this incertitude. The FDA's risk-benefit deliberations have consistently dwelt on safety issues while undervaluing  benefits of implants. For example, their Commentary selectively cited two anecdotal clinical studies without adequate controls and a study in rats that used a physically altered gel form not seen in vivo. Recent, much more meaningful epidemiologic studies showing no increase in autoimmune disease2,3 were ignored. Despite  efforts of many investigators, no good evidence yet exists supporting a causal relationship between implants and any known medical disease.The FDA publications have consistently accentuated  negative while refusing to add reassurance for apprehensive patients where appropriate. This is exemplified in their literature on breast cancer and breast-feeding, which raises concern that  language
Apparent quiescence of the metallothionein gene in the rat ventral prostate: association with cadmium-induced prostate tumors in rats.
Authors: T P Coogan, N Shiraishi, M P Waalkes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Several chronic studies in rats indicating that cadmium exposure can induce tumors of the ventral prostate have recently been completed in our laboratory. In one such study, a single dose of cadmium, s.c., increased prostatic tumor incidence only at doses below 5.0 mumol/kg, the approximate threshold for cadmium-induced testicular damage. In a further study, prostatic tumors were elevated with higher doses of cadmium (30 mumol/kg, s.c.) if testicular damage was prevented by zinc pretreatment. Most recently, we found that dietary cadmium (25 to 200 micrograms/g) also can increase prostatic neoplastic lesions, but these were reduced by zinc-deficient diets. Thus it appears that cadmium produces prostatic tumors only if testicular function is maintained. Furthermore, we find that metallothionein (MT), a protein associated with cadmium tolerance, may be deficient in the rat prostate, and the prostatic MT gene, at least in the ventral lobe, is unresponsive to metal stimuli. In liver, MT gene expression, as assessed by MT-1 mRNA, was quite apparent in control tissue and was induced in a dose-dependent manner 24 hr following cadmium exposure (1 to 10 mumol/kg, s.c.). However, in the ventral prostate very low constitutive levels of MT-1 mRNA were detected and increases did not occur with cadmium exposure. Cadmium concentrations in the ventral prostate were in excess of those that cause significant induction in the liver. In sharp contrast to the gene in the ventral prostate, in the dorsal prostate the MT gene was quite active. The dorsal prostate is not susceptible to cadmium carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Down's syndrome associated with the hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Thomas J. Myers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

To the Editor: Trisomy 21 Down's syndrome (DS) predisposes to the development of acute lymphocytic and non-lymphocytic leukemias [ 1-31, acute myelofibrosis [4], and a transient myeloproliferative disorder of newborns [Z].The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a myeloproliferative Department of Medicine, The Memorial Hospital, Brown universiv, pawtuck&, Rho& /s/and disorder characterized by long-term idiopathic eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly , and organ infiltration with eosinophils [5].The present report describes the first patient with trisomy 21 DS who developed HE.3 and suggests that trisomy 21 may contribute to the evolution of HES.
DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN OUTPATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH NORMAL EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Antonio Lagoeiro Jorge, AntonioClaudio L. Nobrega, Mario L. Ribeiro, Luiz Claudio M. Fernandes, Fernanda V. Licio, Sergio S. Chermont, Evandro T. Mesquita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Nonredundant and complementary functions of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in a ubiquitination cascade that activates NIK-dependent alternative NF-κB signaling
Authors: Sivakumar Vallabhapurapu, Atsushi Matsuzawa, WeiZhou Zhang, Ping-Hui Tseng, Jonathan J Keats, Haopeng Wang, Dario A A Vignali, P Leif Bergsagel, Michael Karin
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Achilles-Reflex Recording with a Simple Photomotograph
Authors: W. E. Gilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A CORRELATION between patients' metabolic states and the characteristics of their tendon reflexes has long been noted. This was quantified by Chaney1 and later by Lambert et al.,2 who used a strain-gauge transducer and electro-optical system to measure the length of the Achilles-tendon reflex and whose measurements were made from the beginning of the stimulus artifact (produced by the movement of the foot caused by the tap of the reflex hammer) to halfway down on the relaxation segment of the curve. This appears to be a well chosen point, for it includes a good part of the period of relaxation, . . .