tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSEUDOLEUKEMIA AND DAPSONE
Authors: THOMAS C. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 September 1968PSEUDOLEUKEMIA AND DAPSONETHOMAS C. JONES, JOSEPH M. CARDAMONETHOMAS C. JONESSearch for more papers by this author, JOSEPH M. CARDAMONESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-3-639_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The paper of Levine and Weintraub (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 1060, 1968), "Pseudoleukemia During Recovery From Dapsone-Induced Agranulocytosis," was of special interest to us at USAF Hospital Clark, Philippines. We have recognized one such case in a soldier being evacuated by air from Vietnam with a diagnosis of "agranulocytosis, fever, and probable sepsis." Many features of his case are strikingly similar to those reported by Levine and Weintraub.This patient, a 21-year-old white soldier, had arrived in Vietnam on December 24, 1967, and began taking his chloroquine—primaquine (weekly) and dapsone (daily) malaria prophylaxis at that time.On... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Internal Medicine USAF Hospital Clark The Philippines PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDapsone-associated agranulocytosis and severe anemia in a patient with leukocytoclastic vasculitisEffets hématologiques de la dapsone (Disulone®)Agranulocytosis Associated with Maloprim: Review of CasesSulphonamides and Sulphones 1 September 1968Volume 69, Issue 3Page: 639-639KeywordsFeversMalariaProphylaxisSepsis Issue Published: 1 September 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Randomized Double-Blind Study of Risperidone and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Robert R. Conley, Ramy Mahmoud
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The safety and efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine were compared in a double-blind trial that used doses widely accepted in clinical practice.Subjects (N=377) who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to receive 2-6 mg/day of risperidone (mean modal dose=4.8 mg/day) or 5-20 mg/day of olanzapine (mean modal dose=12.4 mg/day) for 8 weeks.The two study groups were similar at baseline except that the olanzapine group was slightly younger than the risperidone group. Seventy-five percent of the participants completed the trial, with no between-treatment differences in the proportion of dropouts. Similar proportions of the risperidone and olanzapine groups reported extrapyramidal symptoms (24% and 20%, respectively). Severity of extrapyramidal symptoms was low in both groups, with no between-group differences. Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores and scores on the five Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors were improved in both groups at week 8 (subjects who completed the study) and endpoint (all subjects, including dropouts). There were overall between-treatment differences in efficacy. Comparison of individual factors found no significant differences at endpoint; at week 8, however, improvements on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors for positive symptoms and anxiety/depression were greater with risperidone than olanzapine. An increase in body weight of > or =7% was seen in 27% of olanzapine participants and 12% of risperidone participants.Both treatments were well tolerated and efficacious. The frequency and severity of extrapyramidal symptoms were similar in the two treatment groups. Greater reductions in severity of positive and affective symptoms were seen with risperidone than with olanzapine treatment among study completers. There was no measure on which olanzapine was superior. Greater weight gain was associated with olanzapine than with risperidone treatment.
Breast-Feeding in 1991
Authors: Janine Jason
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The national and international medical community strongly advocates breast-feeding for the first three to six months of an infant's life.1 , 2 In less developed countries, the greatest virtues of breast milk are that it is economical, highly nutritious, and used instead of potentially contaminated or nutritionally inadequate alternatives. Commercial formulas may be diluted with contaminated water, and refrigerated storage is frequently unavailable. Illiterate and impoverished mothers may dilute formulas improperly or purposely overdilute them in an attempt to save money for other essential needs. It is thus not surprising that for areas with inadequate sanitation, well-designed epidemiologic studies usually conclude that . . .
alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency and susceptibility to lung disease.
Authors: H E Evans, N Bognacki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiological role for AAT deficiency, especially of intermediate degree, has proven to be difficult. Confounding variables such as enzyme concentration in PMN and PAMs, duration of exposure to potential environmental hazards, differences in laboratory methods utilized in measuring AAT and in studying pulmonary function all require investigation. The definitive study, incorporating all of these and other factors, has yet to be conducted. No single, clear-cut conclusion can be drawn from analysis of present studies. In those circumstances in which heterozygotes appear to be predisposed to COPD, phenotypic screening of the population at potential risk, such as industrial workers may be appropriate. Conversely, in conditions in which no association is demonstrated, such screening would not be justified. Perhaps, the best one can do is to suggest a "Scotch verdict"; that is, the issue of causation is not proven.
Source of Elevated Serum Enzyme Activities in Patients with Megaloblastic Erythropoiesis Secondary to Folic-acid Deficiency
Authors: B. A. Elliott, A. F. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1965)

An unselected group of 130 patients with symptoms of an acute infection of the urinary tract have been studied from general practice.Only 77 (59%) of these 130 patients had infected urine.Treatment with sulphafurazole was possible in 72, and was effective in 57 (79% of those treated).A high incidence of infection observed in young women was apparently related to sexual activity rather than child-bearing.Of the patients with symptoms suggesting acute infections of the urine 41 % had urine free of infection on culture.These patients were regarded as having the " urethral syndrome."Adequate follow-up was possible in 115 (85 %) patients; infection persisted or recurred in the three months after treat- ment in 25 out of 69 patients with initial infection.Bacilluria developed in the same period in 13 out of 46 patients without initial infection.Similarities between the patients with and without definite infection in the initial urine suggest that the " urethral syndrome " represents infection confined to the urethra and adjoining glands.This syndrome is part of the spectrum of infections of the lower urinary tract.We are grateful to Sister E. C. Budge, of the District Nursing Service of the Auckland Hospital Board, for seeing patients in this study, and to Mr. J. Holland, who, with technicians of the Central Laboratory of the Auckland Hospital, examined the urines.
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Using Anti-CD45 Monoclonal Antibodies to Deliver Radiation to Murine Hematolymphoid Tissues and Human Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: John M. Pagel, Dana C. Matthews, Aimee Kenoyer, Donald K. Hamlin, Daniel S. Wilbur, Darrell R. Fisher, Ajay K. Gopal, Yukang Lin, Laura Saganic, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for treatment of hematologic malignancies frequently fails because of disease recurrence. We therefore conducted pretargeted (P)RIT studies to augment the efficacy in mice of therapy using a pretargeted anti-human (h)CD45 antibody (Ab)-streptavidin (SA) conjugate followed by a biotinylated clearing agent and radiolabeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacylodode cane N,N',N",N'''-tetraacetic (DOTA)-biotin. Tumor-to-blood ratios at 24 hours were 20:1 using pretargeted anti-hCD45 RIT and <1:1 with conventional RIT. In vivo imaging studies confirmed that the PRIT approach provided high-contrast tumor images with minimal blood-pool activity, whereas directly labeled anti-hCD45 Ab produced distinct tumor images but the blood pool retained a large amount of labeled Ab for a prolonged time. Therapy experiments showed that (90)Y-DOTA-biotin significantly prolonged survival of mice treated with pretargeted anti-hCD45 Ab-SA compared with mice treated with conventional RIT using (90)Y-labeled anti-hCD45 Ab at 200 muCi. Because human CD45 antigens are confined to xenograft tumor cells in this model, and all murine tissues are devoid of hCD45 and will not bind anti-hCD45 Ab, we also compared one-step and PRIT using an anti-murine (m)CD45 Ab where the target antigen is present on normal hematopoietic tissues. After 24 h, 27.3% +/- 2.8% of the injected dose of activity was delivered per gram (% ID/g) of lymph node using (131)I-A20-Ab compared with 40.0 +/- 5.4% ID/g for pretargeted (111)In-DOTA-biotin. These data suggest that pretargeted methods for delivering RIT may be superior to conventional RIT when targeting CD45 for the treatment of leukemia and may allow for the intensification of therapy, while minimizing toxicities.
China may have twice as many overweight people as in 1991
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

More than 120 million men and women in China are overweight or obese, according to a new study ( Obesity 2007;15:10-18). 

The number of overweight men and women may have more than doubled since 1991, and the rates of obesity in men may have more than tripled in the same period. 

“Overweight and obesity have become important public health problems in China. There is an urgent need to develop national strategies aimed at the prevention, detection, and treatment of overweight and obesity to reduce the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease,” say …
GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS UNCOVERS RECURRENT ALTERATIONS IN PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMAS (PCNSL)
Authors: B. Patrick O'Neill, E. Braggio, B. P. O'Neill, S. Van Wier, J. Ojha, E. McPhail, Y. Asmann, J. Egan, J. Ayres da Silva, D. Schiff, M. B. Lopes, R. Valdez, R. Tibes, B. Eckloff, A. K. Stewart, R. Fonseca
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) confined to the CNS. Whether there is a PCNSL-specific genomic signature and, if so, how it differs from systemic DLBCL is uncertain. To address this gap in critical knowledge we performed a comprehensive genomic study in a cohort of 19 immunocompetent PCNSL patients by combining aCGH, whole exome sequencing and mate-pair whole genome sequencing. METHODS: 1) Tumor samples from 19 immunocompetent (HIV-, EBV-) PCNSL. 2) DNA from frozen tissue or from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. 3) All samples analyzed using a combination of aCGH, whole exome sequencing, mate-pair whole genome sequencing, targeted sequencing and FISH. 4) Overall survival estimated using Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: We found a complex karyotype with a median of 21 copy-number abnormalities, 6 structural abnormalities and 3.3 non-synonymous mutations per Mb. We found a remarkably high prevalence of MYD88 activating mutations (79%) and CDKN2A biallelic loss (60%). Biallelic losses of TOX (a regulator of T-cell development), PRKCD (protein kinase C delta) and chromosomal breakpoints in DLGAP1 (discs large-associated protein 1) were recurrently found in PCNSL but not in systemic DLBCL, suggesting a specific role in PCNSL pathogenesis. Several other genes recurrently affected in PCNSL are common with systemic DLBCL of the ABC-type, such as loss of TNFAIP3, PRDM1, GNA13, TMEM30A, TBL1XR1, B2M and CD58, activating mutations of CD79B, CARD11, BRAF3 and translocations of IgH-BCL6. Overall, components of the NF-□B signaling pathway were altered in >90% of PNCSL, highlighting the potential value of this pathway for targeted therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, integrated analysis also showed an enrichment of networks associated with immune response, proliferation, regulation of apoptosis, and lymphocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We report a PCNSL genomic landscape closely related to ABC-DLBCL but with critical elements that support the existence of a subset of PCNSL-specific abnormalities, helping to genetically differentiate PCNSL from systemic DLBCL and related lymphomas. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Immunobiology & Immunotherapy.
Lipid Status After Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Jennifer L Larsen, Robert J Stratta, Claire F Ozaki, Rodney J Taylor, Suzanne A Miller, W C Duckworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –This study was performed to determine the net effects of euglycemia, resolution of renal failure, immunosuppressant drugs, and hyperinsulinemia on fasting lipid profiles of patients with renal failure and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after combined pancreas-kidney transplantation (PKT). Research Design and Methods –Thirty subjects with IDDM received PKT between April 1989 and October 1990, and all were studied. Mean ± SE age was 35.2 ± 1.3 yr; 19 recipients were men, and 11 were women. All had a functioning pancreatic allograft post-PKT. Fasting lipid profiles including total cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol), and C/HDL-chol were compared before and after PKT (38–555 days divided into groups: preoperation and 0–2, 3–8, and 9–19 mo). Results –Significant hyperlipidemia was observed preoperatively (means ± SE): C, 5.92 ± 0.27 mM; HDL-chol, 1.07 ± 0.09 mM; TG, 5.85 ± 0.56 mM; and C/HDL-chol, 6.49 ± 0.83. All lipids and C/HDL-chol dropped immediately after PKT (0-2 mo vs. preoperation, all P &amp;lt; 0.01, except HDL-chol). After this immediate postoperative period, C, HDL-chol, and TG stabilized at new concentrations. C (5.44 ± 0.22 mM) and TG (4.54 ± 0.48 mM) levels were &amp;lt; preoperation (not statistically significant and P &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). HDL-chol was greater than preoperative values (1.29 ± 0.06 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.05). C/HDL-chol dropped after PKT (0-2 mo, 4.85 ± 0.18, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and continued to decrease throughout the observation period (3-8 mo, 4.42 ± 0.23; 9-19 mo, 4.23 ± 0.23; both P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. preoperation). There was no statistical difference between lipid concentrations in male and female subjects. Conclusions –The lipid status of subjects with IDDM and renal failure was abnormal before PKT and once lipid concentrations stabilized after PKT (&amp;gt; 2 mo), HDL-chol was higher and TG and C/HDL-chol levels were significantly lower than preoperative values. If these changes are sustained, risk of future cardiovascular disease in this group of patients might be significantly reduced.
Pneumomediastinography in Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: C. Simecek, E. Holub
Journal: Thorax (1961)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the performance of a new <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test with vaginal swab specimens as a potential tool for chlamydia diagnosis and screening. <b>Design</b> Performance evaluation study. <b>Settings</b> A young people’s sexual health centre (site 1) and two genitourinary medicine clinics (sites 2 and 3) in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 1349 women aged between 16 and 54 attending one of the three clinics. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test versus polymerase chain reaction and strand displacement amplification assays; correlation between the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test visual signal and organism load; acceptability to participants of self collected vaginal swabs as the specimen type for <i>Chlamydia</i> testing. <b>Results</b> Polymerase chain reaction positivity rates for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infection were 8.4% (56/663) at site 1, 9.4% (36/385) at site 2, and 6.0% (18/301) at site 3. Compared with polymerase chain reaction assay, the resolved sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test were 83.5% (91/109), 98.9% (1224/1238), 86.7% (91/105), and 98.6% (1224/1242). Compared with strand displacement amplification assay, sensitivity and specificity of the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test were 81.6% (40/49) and 98.3% (578/588). Organism load of self collected vaginal swabs ranged from 5.97×10<sup>2</sup> to 1.09×10<sup>9</sup><i>Chlamydia</i> plasmids per swab, which correlated well with the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test’s visual signal (<i>r</i>=0.6435, P&lt;0.0001). Most (95.9%) surveyed participants felt comfortable about collecting their own swabs. <b>Conclusions</b> The performance of the <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test with self collected vaginal swabs indicates that it would be an effective same day diagnostic and screening tool for <i>Chlamydia</i> infection in women. The availability of <i>Chlamydia</i> Rapid Test results within 30 minutes allows for immediate treatment and contact tracing, potentially reducing the risks of persistent infection and onward transmission. It could also provide a simple and reliable alternative to nucleic acid amplification tests in chlamydia screening programmes.
Inhibition of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase and virus replication by a non‐nucleoside dipyridodiazepinone BI‐RG‐587 (nevirapine)
Authors: Mark T. Skoog, Karl D. Hargrave, John J. Miglietta, Elizabeth B. Kopp, Vincent J. Merluzzi
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1992)
Flexible induction dose regimen for warfarin and prediction of maintenance dose.
Authors: A Fennerty, J Dolben, P Thomas, G Backhouse, D P Bentley, I A Campbell, P A Routledge
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fifty patients with venous thromboembolic disease being treated by heparin infusion received a three day warfarin induction regimen tailored according to the prothrombin time (British comparative ratio) measured on days 2 and 3. A prediction of the final maintenance dose of warfarin was made on the basis of a prothrombin time measured on day 4. All patients were safely anticoagulated by day 6, and the prediction was accurate to within 1 mg in 46 patients. Predicted and actual maintenance doses were closely related (r = 0.867; n = 50; p less than 0.001). This scheme should prove helpful in the control of anticoagulation, particularly in patients likely to be sensitive to warfarin, and should shorten hospital stay.
Asbestos affects the in vitro uptake and detoxification of aromatic compounds.
Authors: R C Brown, G T Fleming, A I Knight
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

A number of mineral dusts were tested for their ability to catalyze the transformation of benzo(a)pyrene from the microcrystalline state into lipid solution. The findings of Lakowicz and his co-workers, that fibrous dusts were more active than nonfibrous dusts, were confirmed. Macromolecular binding metabolites of BaP were formed in A549 cells to a similar extent whether the BaP was added in solution or adsorbed to fibers; however, the level of water-soluble metabolites was lower in cultures treated with adsorbed hydrocarbon. It was found that asbestos can also inhibit the accumulation of 1-naphthyl glucuronide in cultures treated with 1-naphthol. The significance of this in asbestos pathogenesis is briefly discussed.
C1-06: BO17704: a phase III study of first-line cisplatin and gemcitabine with bevacizumab or placebo in patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Martin Reck, Joachim von Pawel, Petr Zatloukal, Rodryg Ramlau, Vera Gorbounova, Vera Hirsh, Natasha Leighl, Jörg Mezger, Venice Archer, Christian Manegold
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Impure Politics and Pure Science: Efficacious Ebola Medications Are Only a Palliation and Not a Cure for Structural Disadvantage
Authors: Chris Degeling, Jane Johnson, Christopher Mayes
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Caplan and colleagues (2015) present a strong argument for using alternative trial designs for experimental treatments for Ebola virus disease (EVD). This argument is, of course, not new. There is ...
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back?
Authors: Ezra Golberstein, Susan H. Busch
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

A major promise of the Affordable Care Act is to improve care and financial protection for vulnerable populations such as the many lower-income Americans with mental disorders. The key features of the Affordable Care Act are the expansions of insurance coverage through federally subsidized health insurance exchanges and Medicaid eligibility for all individuals up to 138% of the federal poverty line, coupled with tax penalties for forgoing insurance. Because these insurance expansions are expected to increase coverage for lower-income populations, which have a higher prevalence of mental disorders, individuals with mental illness will see significant gains in insurance coverage and access to care.
[380] RADIOFREQUENCY THERMAL ABLATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA MAY ACTIVATE REGULATORY T CELLS BLOCKING ANTI-TUMOR T-CELL RESPONSES
Authors: A. Zerbini, M. Pilli, G. Pelosi, G. Menozzi, D. Laccabue, S. Cerioni, M.G. Pizzi, S. Schivazappa, F. Fagnoni, C. Ferrari, G. Missale
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Expression and distribution of aquaporin of collecting duct are regulated by vasopressin V2 receptor in rat kidney.
Authors: M Hayashi, S Sasaki, H Tsuganezawa, T Monkawa, W Kitajima, K Konishi, K Fushimi, F Marumo, T Saruta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To examine whether expression and distribution of aquaporin of collecting duct (AQP-CD) are regulated by vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), we performed immunohistochemical studies with specific antibody against AQP-CD. Normal Wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated for 3 d; control, dehydration, vasopressin V1 receptor (V1R) antagonist (OPC-21268 120 mg/kg), V2R antagonist (OPC-31260 30 mg/kg). At time of death, urine osmolality (Uosm) in the dehydration group (1884 +/- 245 mOsm/kg) was significantly higher than that in the control (938 +/- 91). In the V2R antagonist group, Uosm was significantly decreased to 249 +/- 29, whereas V1R antagonist showed no effect on Uosm. In the control and V1R antagonist groups, immunofluorescence studies showed the AQP-CD staining of both apical membrane and subapical cytoplasm of CD cells of the cortex and the inner medulla. Dehydration increased the immunostaining of both apical membrane and subapical cytoplasm of CD cells of the inner medulla, and the degree of increase was dominant in apical membrane. In the V2R antagonist group, only faint staining of apical membrane and weak labeling of cytoplasm of CD cells of the inner medulla were observed. These changes in the localization and protein amount of AQP-CD by dehydration and V2R antagonist were quantitatively confirmed by immunogold studies and immunoblot analysis of the inner medulla. The present results indicate that the distribution and amount of AQP-CD in the CD cells are regulated by vasopressin V2 receptor.