tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Noninvasive Assessment of Chronic Cough
Authors: JOSE M. CHATKIN, KHALIL ANSARIN, PHILIP E. SILKOFF, PATRICIA McCLEAN, CARLOS GUTIERREZ, NOE ZAMEL, KENNETH R. CHAPMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) has been suggested as a marker of airway inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the role of ENO in the investigation of chronic cough. We measured ENO in 38 adult patients reporting chronic cough, in 23 healthy control subjects, and in 44 asthmatics. In addition to the regular investigation, ENO was measured by a chemiluminescent analyzer using the restricted breath technique. In the chronic cough group, 30 were considered as nonasthmatic, whereas asthma was diagnosed in eight by a positive methacholine challenge. ENO values were significantly higher in patients with chronic cough attributable to asthma as compared with those with chronic cough not attributable to asthma and to healthy volunteers (75.0 ppb; 16.7 ppb; and 28.3 ppb, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of ENO for detecting asthma, using 30 ppb as the ENO cutoff point, were 75 and 87%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 60 and 93%, and the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.8 and 0.3, respectively. We conclude that ENO may have a role in the evaluation of chronic cough. In this group of patients, low ENO suggested little likelihood of asthma. The patients with chronic cough not attributable to asthma showed a low ENO value as compared with healthy volunteers and asthmatics.
Endothelium-Intrinsic Requirement for <i>Hif-2</i> α During Vascular Development
Authors: Li-Juan Duan, Yahui Zhang-Benoit, Guo-Hua Fong
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The development of the vascular system is a complex process that involves communications among multiple cell types. As such, it is important to understand whether a specific gene regulates vascular development directly from within the vascular system or indirectly from nonvascular cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (Hif-2α, or endothelial PAS protein-1 [EPAS-1]) is required for vascular development in mice, but it is not clear whether its requirement resides directly in endothelial cells. Methods and Results— To address this issue, we expressed Hif-2 α cDNA in the vascular endothelium of Hif-2 α −/− embryos by an embryonic stem (ES) cell–mediated transgenic approach and assessed whether endothelium-specific reexpression of Hif-2 α could rescue vascular development. Here we report that although ES cell–derived Hif-2 α −/− embryos developed severe vascular defects by embryonic day (E) 11.5 and died in utero before E12.5, endothelium-specific expression of Hif-2 α cDNA restored normal vascular development at all stages examined (up to E14.5) and allowed Hif-2 α −/− embryos to survive at a frequency comparable to that of Hif-2 α +/− embryos. Furthermore, we found that Tie-2 expression was significantly reduced in Hif-2 α −/− mutants but was restored by Hif-2 α cDNA expression. Conclusions— These data demonstrate an intrinsic requirement for Hif-2α by endothelial cells and imply that hypoxia may control endothelial functions directly via Hif-2α–regulated Tie-2 expression.
Renal Excretion of Prostaglandin E2 and Plasma Renin Activity in Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Normoglycemia Achieved With Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Enrique Esmatjes, Isaac Levy, Juan Gaya, Francisca Rivera
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

To determine the effect of normoglycemia on renal prostaglandin synthesis and renin-angiotensin system activity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) urinary excretion, plasma renin activity (PRA), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were studied in seven patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) without complications, both in basal conditions and after a 20-h treatment with an artificial pancreas. Normoglycemia induced a significant reduction in PGE2 excretion (88 +/- 23 vs. 55 +/- 25 ng/12 h, P less than .05) and GFR (138 +/- 34 vs. 105 +/- 20 ml X min-1 X 1.73 m-2, P less than .05) and a nonsignificant increment of PRA (0.52 +/- 0.48 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.92 ng X ml-1 X h-1). The results enhance the hypothesis that renal prostaglandins play a role in the renal functional alterations observed in IDDM during hyperglycemia.
Science and the Unborn: Choosing Human Futures
Authors: Jane E. Hodgson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is one of the most thought-provoking books on the subject of fetal rights since Daniel Callahan's<sup>1</sup>exhaustive treatise published in 1970. Clifford Grobstein, an eminent embryologist, educator, and ethicist, is highly conscious of the current conflicts over fetal rights, and, hoping to bridge the gap between advancing technology and social consensus, he describes those current advances that might affect the status of the unborn, as well as society's responsibilities at each stage of development for these potential members. In determining the status of each unborn member of our human society, he considers the potential<i>quality</i>of life attainable by each member for whom future life is a possibility. Grobstein's attempt to develop a national consensus as to the ethics of fetal tissue research and the new reproductive technologies (external fertilization) represents an exciting forward step. Believing that achievement of such consensus requires the continuous education of society in
A morphometric and immunohistochemical study to assess the benefit of a sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Roberta D'Ambrosio, Alessio Aghemo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Guido Ronchi, Maria Francesca Donato, Valerie Paradis, Massimo Colombo, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Although annular fibrosis is the hallmark of cirrhosis, other microscopic changes that affect liver function such as sinusoid capillarization or loss of metabolic zonation are common. A sustained virological response (SVR) may halt fibrosis deposition in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients, but its impact on the other cirrhosis-associated lesions is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an SVR on cirrhosis-related histopathological features. Paired pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies from 38 HCV patients with cirrhosis with an SVR were analyzed. Fibrosis was staged using the METAVIR scoring system, and the area of fibrosis was measured using morphometry. Ductular proliferation, metabolic zonation, sinusoid capillarization, and hepatic stellate cell activation were assessed by anti-cytokeratin-7, anti-glutamine synthetase (GS), anti-cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), anti-CD34, and anti α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). After 61 months from an SVR, cirrhosis regression was observed in 61%, and the collagen content decreased in 89%. Although periportal and lobular necroinflammation vanished, portal inflammation persisted in 66%. Ductular proliferation decreased in 92%. Before treatment, metabolic zonation was lost, as shown by GS and CYP2E1, in 71% and 88%, respectively, with normalization in 79% and 73%, after an SVR. Conversely, no changes in sinusoidal capillarization were observed after treatment, as assessed by CD34 ( P = 0.41) and αSMA ( P = 0.95). Finally, no differences in all the immunohistochemical scores emerged whether or not cirrhosis persisted. Conclusion: Cirrhosis regression and decreased fibrosis are frequently observed among HCV patients with cirrhosis with an SVR. Despite ductular proliferation vanishing and lobular zonation restoration, portal inflammation and sinusoidal capillarization may not regress after viral eradication. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Effect of homologous synovial membrane on adult human articular cartilage in organ culture, and failure to influence it with D-penicillamine.
Authors: R K Jacoby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Adult human articular cartilage has been maintained in organ culture for 8 days, and the culture medium, which was changed on alternate days, was pooled. Normal and rheumatoid cartilage was obtained from patients and 4 types of culture were prepared: (1) cartilage alone; (2) cartilage + D-penicillamine; (3) cartilage + homologous synovium; (4) cartilage, synovium, and D-penicillamine. The hexosamines and hexuronic acid were measured in the cartilage explants and in the medium. The quantity released was divided by the amount measured in the original cartilage explant and the different culture variables were compared. D-penicillamine did not alter the release of cartilage proteoglycan, but the addition of synovium did. The rheumatoid cartilage released significantly more proteoglycan than normal cartilage whether or not homologous synovium was present.
Impairing MLL-fusion gene-mediated transformation by dissecting critical interactions with the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75)
Authors: H Méreau, J De Rijck, K Čermáková, A Kutz, S Juge, J Demeulemeester, R Gijsbers, F Christ, Z Debyser, J Schwaller
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Regional myocardial blood flow during exercise in dogs with chronic left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: R J Bache, T R Vrobel, W S Ring, R W Emery, R W Andersen
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We compared the response of myocardial blood flow to exercise in normal dogs and in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) produced by banding the ascending aorta at 6-9 weeks of age.Blood flow was measured with 15-fim microspheres after the animals with LVH had reached adulthood when left ventricular:body weight ratios were approximately 80% greater than normal.During resting conditions, left ventricular systolic pressure was 202 ± 18 mm Hg in the dogs with LVH and 119 ± 6 mm Hg in the normal dogs (P < 0.01).Three levels of treadmill exercise which increased heart rates to 190, 230 and 260 beats/min resulted in progressive increases in left ventricular systolic pressure to a maximum of 343 ± 18 mm Hg in the dogs with LVH as compared to 165 ± 10 mm Hg in the control dogs (P < 0.01).Unlike normal dogs which showed a significant transmural perfusion gradient favoring the-subendocardium at rest [mean subendocardial: subepicardial ratio (endo:epi) = 1.25 ± 0.07], subendocardial flow did not significantly exceed subepicardial flow in the animals with LVH (mean endo: epi = 1.10 ± 0.08; P > 0.05 between normal and LVH).Myocardial blood flow increased as a direct linear function of heart rate during exericse in both groups of dogs.Exercise decreased the mean endo: epi ratio in both normal dogs (mean endo: epi = 1.10 ± 0.08 during heavy exercise; P < 0.01) and in the animals with LVH (mean endo:epi = 0.94 ± 0.03; P < 0.05), while the endo:epi ratios remained consistently less in the LVH dogs than in the normal animals (P< 0.05).The relative reduction of subendocardial flow in dogs with LVH was most apparent in the posterior papillary muscle region where the endo:epi ratio fell significantly below unity during heavy exercise (endo:epi = 0.79 ± 0.02; P < 0.01).These data demonstrate that relative blood flow to the subendocardium of the left ventricle is significantly less than normal, both at rest and during exercise, in dogs with LVH produced by supravalvular aortic stenosis.
DIABETES MELLITUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR
Authors: Mahek Mirza, Anton Strunets, Imran Niazi, Vikram Nangia, Chi Cho, Indrajit Choudhuri, M. Eyman Mortada, Atul Bhatia, Jasbir Sra, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Retrospective Analysis of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as Initial Second-Line Therapy for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Application Toward a Dynamic Disease State Model of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Don S. Dizon, Martee L. Hensley, Elizabeth A. Poynor, Paul Sabbatini, Carol Aghajanian, Amanda Hummer, Ennapadam Venkatraman, David R. Spriggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The majority of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who achieve a complete remission with front-line chemotherapy develop recurrent disease. Carboplatin and paclitaxel are used for patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent disease, although there is little information regarding the response and survival in unselected patients treated with this strategy. We sought to determine the outcomes for patients with EOC treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel at the time of first recurrence. In addition, we sought to define a new paradigm for disease transition in patients with EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine patients were identified who had a complete response to front-line platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC, relapsed 6 months after completion of front-line chemotherapy, and were treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line therapy. RESULTS: Eighty-four cases were available for analysis of survival end points, and 66 were assessable for response. The median follow-up was 27 months. The overall response rate was 70%. The median progression-free interval for the cohort was 13 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.7 to 13.8 months). The 3-year survival rate was 72% (95% CI, 59.4 to 86.1%). Toxicity was limited, and no deaths from treatment were observed. Using this data, it is possible to construct a disease states model of EOC, which provides risk estimates for transitions between clinically distinct categories. CONCLUSION: Re-treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel is effective as initial therapy in recurrent EOC. This should form the basis of a randomized trial to determine the best agents for initial treatment of relapse from EOC in potentially platinum-sensitive patients.
Addison's Disease Associated with Amyloidosis Following Thermal Burns
Authors: S. M. Levenson, H. J. Tagnon, W. L. Goodpastor, R. W. Green, F. H. L. Taylor, C. C. Lund
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ADDISON'S disease associated with amyloidosis of the adrenal glands is uncommon, less than 20 cases having been reported. Amyloidosis of the adrenal glands accounted for about 2 per cent of the cases of Addison's disease reported by Guttman.1 Amyloidosis following thermal burns has rarely been reported,2 and Addison's disease associated with amyloidosis following burns has not been reported to our knowledge. The following case presented such a combination.A 42-year-old Negress with a noncontributory past history was admitted to the hospital May 10, 1944, with flame burns involving 15 per cent of the body surface, chiefly deep, and severe thermal . . .
The Island of the Colorblind and Cycad Island
Authors: Terrence Riley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This interesting and easily read book contains two long narratives, both appealing stories about unique medical conditions on Pacific islands. "The Island of the Colorblind" is about an isolated tribe on the island of Pingelap with a high incidence of achromatopsia. In "Cycad Island" Dr Sacks describes the peculiar neurological condition of Parkinson-dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, called "lytico" and "bodig" by the islanders on Guam. The clinical descriptions are compelling, and Sacks' recounting of how the disease has been studied is intriguing. In both narratives his explanations about the neurological features and pathology demonstrate his rare talent of making medical science intersting and helping the reader feel, even at a lay level, why scientific thought is both a worthy and a fun enterprise. The book also contains an exhaustive bibliography. The preceding is reason enough to strongly recommend the book. But there is so much more! First, in content alone, Sacks
Children were guaranteed regular check ups in dental study
Authors: V. Anttonen, M. Larmas, M. Raitio
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In the commentary on Uhari et al's trial of xylitol chewing gum in the prevention of acute otitis media White raised the problem of the ethical aspects of the study protocol because of the possible risk of caries in the control group.1 The objective of the trial was to see if regular use of xylitol chewing gum for two months would result in a reduction in the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing acute otitis media, as had been the case in vitro. Children in the …
Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging in primary care consulters with shoulder pain: a case control study
Authors: A. Paul, M. Lewis, J. Saklatvala, I. McCall, M. Shadforth, P. Croft, E. Hay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To investigate the association between shoulder region pain presenting in primary care and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities.A matched case-control study of 48 pairs of participants. Patients had presented to primary care with a new episode of shoulder pain. Controls had no history of pain in the shoulder region and were individually matched with cases by age, gender and referring clinician. All participants underwent a structured clinical assessment and cervical spine MRI. Scans were scored by experienced musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to case-control status.Median age of participants was 51 years (range 19-79) and 21 (44%) were female. "Neck pain in the past week" was reported by 25 (52%) cases and seven (15%) controls (odds ratio, OR, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.4, 88.2). Cervical spine MRI from C3/4 to C6/7 revealed: 18 (38%) of both cases and controls had disc height loss >/=50% at any level; 10 (21%) cases and eight (17%) controls had disc disease with neural compromise; 11 (23%) cases and 16 (33%) controls had foraminal stenosis; nine (19%) of both cases and controls had canal narrowing. At least one of the above findings was present in 24 (50%) cases and 23 (48%) controls (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.4, 3.4).Cervical spine MRI abnormalities were similar in both cases and controls, despite significantly more self-reported neck pain in cases with shoulder pain. Other possible mechanisms, such as muscular strain or postural problems, may explain the observed clinical association between shoulder region pain and neck associated symptoms.
Computerized Axial Tomography and Electroencephalography
Authors: Thomas D. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The letter of Dr Newman (235:1326,1976) seems to indicate that electroencephalography is as useful as computerized axial tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of dementia. In a recent presentation at the 61st Scientific Assembly of the Radiological Society of North America (Nov 30 through Dec 6, 1975), Schnur et al reported on the diagnostic accuracy of CT scanning of the brain: in 92 patients who presented a history of dementia, only 12% had a normal scan. Cortical atrophy was observed in 57 per cent, while another 13% had cerebral neoplasms.  In contrast, Weiner and Schuster ( Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 8:479, 1956) found that 22% of 71 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia had normal EEGs. Even more important, however, is the fact that the EEGs were not particularly helpful in distinguishing cases of hydrocephalus, brain neoplasms, or chronic subdural hematomas.  Newman's observation that successful CT scanning requires heavy
Age at Onset of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and the Development of End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Maria Svensson, Lennarth Nyström, Staffan Schön, Gisela Dahlquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To analyze the impact of age at onset on the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetic nephropathy in a nationwide population-based cohort with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A record linkage between two nationwide registers, the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, including 12,032 cases with childhood-onset diabetes, and the Swedish Registry for Active Treatment of Uraemia was performed. Log-rank test was used to test differences between cumulative risk curves of developing ESRD due to diabetic nephropathy in three different strata of age at onset (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years). RESULTS—At a maximum follow-up of 27 years, 33 patients had developed ESRD due to diabetic nephropathy and all had a diabetes duration &amp;gt;15 years. In total, 4,414 patients had diabetes duration &amp;gt;15 years, and thus the risk in this cohort to develop ESRD was 33 of 4,414 (0.7%). A significant difference in risk of developing ESRD was found between the youngest (0–4 years) and the two older (5–9 and 10–14 years) age-at-onset strata (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). A significant difference in the risk of developing ESRD was also found between children with prepubertal (0–4 and 5–9 years, n = 2,424) and pubertal (10–14 years, n = 2000) onset of diabetes (P = 0.002). No patient with onset of diabetes before 5 years of age had developed ESRD. CONCLUSIONS—With a median duration of 21 years in this population-based Swedish cohort with childhood-onset diabetes, &amp;lt;1% of the patients had developed ESRD due to diabetic nephropathy, and a prepubertal onset of diabetes seems to prolong the time to development of ESRD.
Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias
Authors: C. S LAWSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias Get access CLIVE S LAWSON CLIVE S LAWSON Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital, Bonner Road, London E2, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 2080–2081, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2080 Published: 01 November 1993
Fibrate Use in the United States and Canada—Reply
Authors: Cynthia A. Jackevicius
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperplasia of the exocrine pancreas after small bowel resection in the rat.
Authors: P Haegel, C Stock, J Marescaux, B Petit, J F Grenier
Journal: Gut (1981)

The effect of a 90% small bowel resection on the exocrine pancreas was investigated over a three month period in adult Wistar rats. Control animals underwent a sham-resection consisting of a transection and reanastomosis of the small intestine. After jejunoileal resection, the wet weight of a gland increased significantly (52%) from the 15th day. The parallel increase in total protein, DNA and RNA content without any modification in the ratios of pancreatic weight, protein, and RNA to DNA suggests that there is cellular hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. Small intestinal resection decreased significantly the amount of amylase when expressed per unit pancreatic weight; it reduced slightly but not significantly that of chymotrypsin, while it did not modify the amount of lipase. However, the total amount of these enzymes in the pancreas remained unaltered when compared with controls. It is concluded that a massive resection of the small bowel induces cellular hyperplasia in the rat exocrine pancreas; this could compensate that reduced level of enzymes in acinar cells.