tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geography and the Medicaid Mental Health Care Infrastructure
Authors: Janet R. Cummings, Hefei Wen, Michelle Ko, Benjamin G. Druss
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Medicaid is the largest payer of mental health (MH) care in the United States, and this role will increase among states that opt into the Medicaid expansion. However, owing to the dearth of MH care providers who accept Medicaid, expanded coverage may not increase access to services. Facilities that provide specialty outpatient MH services and accept Medicaid compose the backbone of the community-based treatment infrastructure for Medicaid enrollees. For states that opt into the expansion, it is important to understand which local communities may face the greatest barriers to access these facilities.To examine the availability of outpatient MH facilities that accept Medicaid across US counties and whether specific types of communities are more likely to lack this infrastructure.Data from the 2008 National Survey of Mental Health Treatment Facilities and Area Resource File were merged. A generalized ordered logistic regression with state fixed effects was estimated to examine determinants of accessibility of these facilities. Covariates included the percentages of residents who are black, Hispanic, living in poverty, and living in a rural area.An ordered variable assessed whether a county had no access to outpatient MH facilities that accept Medicaid, intermediate access to these facilities (ie, ≥1 facility, but not top quintile of facility to Medicaid enrollee per capita ratio), or high access (ie, top quintile of facility to Medicaid enrollee per capita ratio).More than one-third of counties do not have any outpatient MH facilities that accept Medicaid. Communities with a larger percentage of residents who are black (marginal effect [ME] = 3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2%-6.6%), Hispanic (ME = 4.8%; 95% CI, 2.3%-7.4%), or living in a rural area (ME = 27.9%; 95% CI, 25.3%-30.4%) are more likely to lack these facilities.Many communities may face constraints on the MH safety-net system as Medicaid is expanded, especially rural communities and communities with a large percentage of black or Hispanic residents.
Bougienage Is Effective Therapy for Most Benign Esophageal Strictures
Authors: Frank L. Lanza
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Esophageal stricture is the most frequent serious complication of reflux esophagitis. Bougienage was used as the primary therapy of benign esophageal stricture in 92 patients, followed by institution of a medical antireflux program. Response to treatment was excellent, and 78% of patients required two or fewer subsequent dilations. Twenty patients were followed up for two years or longer, and 75% did not require more than one dilation annually. Primary therapy for most patients with peptic stenosis of the esophagus is recommended to be dilation; operative therapy should be reserved for those patients in whom a malignant neoplasm is suspected or those in whom frequent and rapid stricture recurrence makes medical therapy impractical.
Chemoprophylaxis for Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Authors: K A Cartwright, N T Begg, D Hull
Journal: BMJ (1991)

recover with time, gaining tolerance of previously offending foods.The foods can then be reintroduced.The timing of this tolerance is variable, ranging from about 18 months to 8 years of age,'6 and different foods may often be tolerated at different ages in one subject.All children studied to date have successfully been reintroduced to virtually all excluded foods without symptoms recurring.Non-infective colitis in children under 1 year of age seems, then, to be predominantly allergic in origin and to follow a similar course to other disorders related to atopy.Parents may be reassured that their children will "grow out of it" and that classic inflammatory bowel disease does not develop later.The serious colonic inflammatory diseases do occur in infancy, however, and infants with bloody diarrhoea require full investigation and a precise diagnosis to be made before treatment is started.
Haematemesis and Melaena, with Special Reference to Factors Influencing the Outcome
Authors: K. F. R. Schiller, S. C. Truelove, D. G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a study of 2,149 emergency admissions because of haematemesis or melaena during a 15-year period, the sex ratio, age distribution, and main diagnostic groups showed no major change. Various factors affected the prognosis, such as the age of the patient, the underlying diagnosis, a low blood pressure on arrival at hospital, gross anaemia on arrival there, and the pattern of bleeding after admission. The fatality rate remained virtually constant throughout the period studied in spite of changes in diagnostic methods and management. There was a changing pattern in the type of operation performed in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer. Vagotomy combined with a drainage procedure and with a direct surgical attack on the bleeding point became more widely used at the expense of Polya or Billroth I partial gastrectomy and gave the best results. It is at first paradoxical that improved surgical results should not be reflected in a general improvement in the fatality rate, but this finding can be explained by the smaller proportion of patients treated by emergency surgery in the later years of the period studied. It is concluded that emergency surgery should be performed more frequently and that vagotomy plus drainage is the operation of choice in the peptic ulcer group.
Sarcomas and specialism
Authors: Peter J Mahaffey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Mannan and Briggs seek to raise awareness of the diagnosis of sarcoma in patients with new soft tissue masses, instead raising some important general questions about the changing NHS.1

The editorial seems to be aimed almost entirely at general practitioners, although the average family doctor will see perhaps only one case every 24 years. Most new lumps seen by general …
Nitrate Levels in Community Drinking Waters and Risk of IDDM: An ecological analysis
Authors: Jill N Kostraba, Elizabeth C Gay, Marian Rewers, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether higher IDDM incidence rates occurred in areas with high nitrate levels in their potable water supplies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incidence rates for the 63 counties in Colorado were calculated using the Colorado IDDM Registry of children diagnosed &amp;lt; 18 yr of age between 1978 and 1988 (n = 1280). A weighted average of the nitrate levels from each water district within each county was calculated using data collected by the Colorado Department of Health between 1984 and 1988. RESULTS The rs between nitrate levels and IDDM incidence was 0.26 (P = 0.03). After controlling for differences in ethnicity, counties with water nitrate levels in the third tertile (0.77-8.2 mg/L) had a significantly increased risk of IDDM compared with those in the first tertile (0.0-0.084 mg/L) (rp = 0.29, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This ecological analysis suggests that low-level nitrate exposure through drinking water may play a role in the etiology of IDDM, perhaps as a promoter through the generation of free radicals.
Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Michael V. Boland, Ann-Margret Ervin, David S. Friedman, Henry D. Jampel, Barbara S. Hawkins, Daniela Vollenweider, Yohalakshmi Chelladurai, Darcy Ward, Catalina Suarez-Cuervo, Karen A. Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: Glaucoma is an acquired degeneration of the optic nerve and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Medical and surgical treatments that decrease intraocular pressure may prevent visual impairment and blindness. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of medical, laser, and surgical treatments in adults with open-angle glaucoma with regard to decreasing intraocular pressure and preventing optic nerve damage, vision loss, and visual impairment. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and an existing database for systematic reviews (through 2 March 2011); MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL for primary studies (through 30 July 2012). Study Selection: English-language systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and quasi-randomized, controlled trials for most outcomes and observational studies for quality of life and harms. Data Extraction: Two investigators abstracted or checked information about study design, participants, and outcomes and assessed risk of bias and strength of evidence. Data Synthesis: High-level evidence suggests that medical, laser, and surgical treatments decrease intraocular pressure and that medical treatment and trabeculectomy reduce the risk for optic nerve damage and visual field loss compared with no treatment. The direct effect of treatments on visual impairment and the comparative efficacy of different treatments are not clear. Harms of medical treatment are primarily local (ocular redness, irritation); surgical treatment carries a small risk for more serious complications. Limitation: Heterogeneous outcome definitions and measurements among the included studies; exclusion of many treatment studies that did not stratify results by glaucoma type. Conclusion: Medical and surgical treatments for open-angle glaucoma lower intraocular pressure and reduce the risk for optic nerve damage over the short to medium term. Which treatments best prevent visual disability and improve patient-reported outcomes is unclear. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Children in Hospitals — Brighter Journals — A Tale of Two Dogs
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

PROFESSOR R. S. Illingworth, in a lecture given to the Central Council for Health Education and published in the Lancet, has reviewed the problem of the sick child in the hospital. He stressed the importance of avoiding inpatient treatment whenever possible but said that when the circumstances required children should be admitted either to a special children's hospital or into a children's block in a general hospital. The days of treating children in adult wards should be past forever. Children in adult wards see and hear things that cause psychologic trauma, and they are often treated in an unsuitable . . .
Articles: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Survival
Authors: E. Abrutyn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections1 December 1994Correction: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and SurvivalFREEE. Abrutyn, J. Mossey, J. A. Berlin, J. Boscia, M. Levison, and P. PitsakisE. AbrutynSearch for more papers by this author, J. MosseySearch for more papers by this author, J. A. BerlinSearch for more papers by this author, J. BosciaSearch for more papers by this author, M. LevisonSearch for more papers by this author, and P. PitsakisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00028 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Abrutyn and colleagues [1] on asymptomatic bacteriuria and survival contained two transpositions. The second sentence of the second paragraph on page 830 should read “In this analysis, the death rate among participants in the never-positive group (122 of 1173; 10.4%) was compared with that among those who were ever positive but received no treatment (31 of 184; 16.8%) and with those who were ever positive and received antimicrobial therapy (18 of 134; 13.4%).”The first sentence of the fourth paragraph on page 830 should read “No differences in baseline characteristics were detected between the 166 treated participants and 192 controls (Table 6)”Reference1. Abrutyn E, Mossey J, Berlin JA, Boscia J, Levison M, Pitsakis P, et al. Does asymptomatic bacteriuria predict mortality and does antimicrobial treatment reduce mortality in elderly ambulatory women? Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:827-33. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 901 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Catenoid shape of the interventricular septum: possible cause of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Authors: G M Hutchins, B H Bulkley
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Previous studies have shown that asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) may occur in embryonic and malformed hearts and that muscle cell disarray is found in myocardium that contracts isometrically. To account for the characteristic ASH and septal muscle fiber disarray of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), we postulated that a catenoid shape of the septum, i.e., net zero curvature, would have the mechanics required to produce IHSS. Accordingly, hearts from eight autopsied patients with IHSS were studied for curvature and thickness of free walls and septum, and they were compared to similar measurements in 80 other hearts. In all eight hearts with IHSS the septum was concave to the left in the transverse plane but convex to the left in the apex-to-base plane. Such a catenoid configuration of the septum was not observed in any of the other 80 hearts. The distinctive shape of the septum in IHSS would account for isometric contraction, since adjacent fiber tracts with opposite curvatures would develop maximum tension but would not have motion. Fiber disarray and local hypertrophy would result from such isometric contraction. Since ventricular configuration is acquired early in cardiogenesis, IHSS might therefore result from a genetic or embryonic determination of a catenoid septum.
Antiarrhythmogenic Effect of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Against Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Satoshi Imaizumi, Shin-ichiro Miura, Kazuto Nakamura, Yoshihiro Kiya, Yoshinari Uehara, Bo Zhang, Yoshino Matsuo, Hidenori Urata, Munehito Ideishi, Kerry-Anne Rye, Masataka Sata, Keijiro Saku
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Native Americans and Cancer
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON THE VENOUS PULSE
Authors: J. A. E. Eyster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

This investigation comprises a study of venous pulse, carotid, cardiographic, and heart sound records from twenty-one men with normal hearts. The heart sounds were recorded by the method of Einthoven. When correction is made for transmission, the first heart sound begins, on an average, 0.131 of a second before the c-wave of the venous pulse, and has an average duration of 0.128 of a second. The second heart sound begins a few hundredths of a second before the v-wave and has a duration of 0.091 of a second. The third heart sound occurs shortly before or is coincident with the beginning of the h-wave. It has an average duration of about 0.03 of a second. Considerable variation from the average positions are noted in individual cases. This is especially true in the relation between the second heart sound and the v-wave. Measurements of the venous pulse and heart sound intervals show that the a-c, c-v, and v-h venous pulse intervals, the first to second and the second to third heart sound intervals, and systole tend to remain fairly constant in length when cardiac cycles of different length are considered. The v-a, h-a, and x-a venous pulse intervals, the third to first heart sound interval, and diastole tend to vary in length with variations in total length of the cycle. Records of the venous pulse and heart sound obtained from dogs show a similar relation to that found in man. The main difference observed was an earlier occurrence of the first heart sound before the c-wave of the venous pulse.
Clinical testing of thermally stimulated cardiovascular oscillations in man
Authors: A. Lindqvist, P. Parviainen, J. Jalonen, J. Tuominen, I. Valimaki, L. A Laitinen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The study assessed the physiological validity of an automatic thermal stimulation method to induce synchronised oscillations in the neural cardiovascular control system. Design — Automatic alternating rhythmic warm and cool immersion of different skin areas of 18 males was done at different frequencies and water temperatures. The neurally mediated responses to the periodic thermal stimulation were measured from skin blood flow and heart rate and compared to those of a sham stimulation. Respiration was monitored for control purposes. The reproducibility of the stimulation and responses was examined. Subjects — 18 young males volunteered for the study. Measurements and main results — The water bath method produced reproducible thermal stimulation and responses of skin blood flow and heart rate. Rhythmic thermal stimulation at 0.013-0.096 Hz synchronised the oscillations of the forearm skin blood flow when the thermal stimulus amplitude exceeded 10°C. The increase in the stimulus amplitude or enlargement of the stimulus area did not further increase the oscillatory response of skin blood flow. Sham stimulation or mean temperature of the periodic thermal stimulation in the range 23-33°C did not influence the oscillations of skin blood flow. Local cooling of the stimulated lower legs attenuated the response of skin blood flow. Both thermal stimulation and sham stimulation affected heart rate, but no stable synchronisation of the periodic heart rate variability was found at supine rest. Thermal stimulation of the sitting subjects' forearm instead of legs increased the synchronisation of the periodic heart rate variability. Conclusions — The response of skin blood flow agreed with the theory of the thermal entrainment. In a supine man, both thermal stimulation and non-specific central nervous influences induced significant and reproducible interactions with periodic heart rate variability and respiration.
Reconstructing Evolutionary Graphs: 3D Parsimony
Authors: J. A. Lake
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The increasing recognition that symbioses have greatly altered evolution through genome fusions is creating a need for algorithms that can reliably detect and reconstruct fusions. Here, we generalize the bootstrappers gambit algorithm (a quartet method) in order to permit it to analyze both bifurcations and fusions under a single mathematical model, and thereby detect past genomic branchings and endosymbioses. This new method, 3-dimensional parsimony, can be applied to aligned sequences, such as gene, indel, or other genomic presence/absence sequences. It also provides a statistical measure of support for each possible graph. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated by applying it to the ring of life.
Earlier Mother's Age at Menarche Predicts Rapid Infancy Growth and Childhood Obesity
Authors: Ken K Ong, Kate Northstone, Jonathan CK Wells, Carol Rubin, Andy R Ness, Jean Golding, David B Dunger
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Early menarche tends to be preceded by rapid infancy weight gain and is associated with increased childhood and adult obesity risk. As age at menarche is a heritable trait, we hypothesised that age at menarche in the mother may in turn predict her children's early growth and obesity risk.We tested associations between mother's age at menarche, mother's adult body size and obesity risk, and her children's growth and obesity risk in 6,009 children from the UK population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort who had growth and fat mass at age 9 y measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A subgroup of 914 children also had detailed infancy and childhood growth data. In the mothers, earlier menarche was associated with shorter adult height (by 0.64 cm/y), increased weight (0.92 kg/y), and body mass index (BMI, 0.51 kg/m2/y; all p < 0.001). In contrast, in her children, earlier mother's menarche predicted taller height at 9 y (by 0.41 cm/y) and greater weight (0.80 kg/y), BMI (0.29 kg/m2/y), and fat mass index (0.22 kg/m2/year; all p < 0.001). Children in the earliest mother's menarche quintile (< or =11 y) were more obese than the oldest quintile (> or =15 y) (OR, 2.15, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.17; p < 0.001, adjusted for mother's education and BMI). In the subgroup, children in the earliest quintile showed faster gains in weight (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.001) only from birth to 2 y, but not from 2 to 9 y (p = 0.3-0.8).Earlier age at menarche may be a transgenerational marker of a faster growth tempo, characterised by rapid weight gain and growth, particularly during infancy, and leading to taller childhood stature, but likely earlier maturation and therefore shorter adult stature. This growth pattern confers increased childhood and adult obesity risks.
The release of an endogenous pyrogen from guinea pig leukocytes in vitro: a new model for investigating the role of lymphocytes in fevers induced by antigen in hosts with delayed hypersensitivity.
Authors: P Chao, L Francis, E Atkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Guinea pig periotoneal exudate (PE) cells incubated overnight in vitro with heat-killed Staphylococci released an endogenous pyrogen (EP) that could be assayed by intravenous injection in rabbits. The febrile responses were linearly related to the dosage of EP over an eightfold range. PE cells derived from guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to bovine gamma globulin (BGG), also released EP when incubated with antigen in vitro. This reaction was specific and did not occur withe PE cells from normal or complete Freund's adjuvant-sensitized guinea pigs. Studies indicated that monos and/or polymorphonuclear leukocytes rather than lymphocytes were the source of EP. However, when incubated with BGG and sufficient dosages of BGG-sensitized lymphocytes, normal PE cells released EP over a 42 h period. These results suggest that antigen stimulates specifically sensitized lymphocytes to release an agent (perhaps a lymphokine) that activates phagocytic cells to release EP. This model offers unique advantages for investigating in vitro the role of the lymphocyte in antigen-induced fever in DH as well as the relationship of this lymphocyte-induced activity to other known biologic activities mediated by antigen stimulated lymphocytes.