tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr Virus-Negative Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder With Coexisting Native Renal Cell Carcinoma: PET/CT Demonstration
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram, Michael C. Roarke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Compared with the general population, solid organ transplant recipients, including renal transplant patients, who are under long-term immunosuppression, present with up to a 120-fold increased risk of developing skin cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. For the renal transplant population with prior long-term dialysis, there is also an enhanced potentiality of native kidney malignancy. The authors present a case with a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder of the duodenum and concomitant left native papillary renal cell carcinoma. The uncommon coexistence of these 2 malignant processes is demonstrated by PET/CT imaging.
Multiple Stercoral Ulcers Caused by Habitual Excessive Daily Intake of Natto (Fermented Soybeans)
Authors: S. Kasamaki, T. Kamano, Y. Hayashida, H. Motoyama, H. Yokota
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

It is well known that fecal stones are a rare cause of rectal ulcers: these are known as "stercoral" ulcers [1]. Stercoral ulcers result from pressure necrosis caused by a fecal mass, and they occur most commonly as an isolated lesion in the rectum or sigmoid colon [2]. We encountered a patient with multiple rectal ulcers caused by numerous fecal stones, which were thought to have formed as a result of habitual excessive intake of "natto" (fermented soybeans), a renowned Japanese health food.
Diffuse Spasm of the Lower Part of the Esophagus
Authors: Robert R. Cassella
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Diffuse spasm of the esophagus is a disturbance characterized by hypermotility in which powerful, sometimes repetitive, incoordinated contractions of the lower part of the esophagus occur in response to deglutition.<sup>1</sup>Clinically, pain is the predominant symptom. Pain occasionally is brought on by eating but more often comes on spontaneously. Dysphagia alone is uncommon. The cause of diffuse esophageal spasm is unknown and the pathological features have been investigated only rarely. The only recent pathological study of which we are aware is by Byrnes.<sup>2</sup>His findings suggested that an error in "muscular cell contact" is responsible for this disease. The present study was undertaken to define further the fine structural changes in both smooth muscle and vagus nerve in the region of the lower part of the esophagus in patients with diffuse esophageal spasm. <h3>Methods</h3> Six patients were included in the study. The clinical diagnosis was established from the history and from esophagoscopic and roentgenologic study.
An Intergroup Phase III Comparison of Standard Radiation Therapy and Two Schedules of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: David J. Adelstein, Yi Li, George L. Adams, Henry Wagner, Julie A. Kish, John F. Ensley, David E. Schuller, Arlene A. Forastiere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

The Head and Neck Intergroup conducted a phase III randomized trial to test the benefit of adding chemotherapy to radiation in patients with unresectable squamous cell head and neck cancer.Eligible patients were randomly assigned between arm A (the control), single daily fractionated radiation (70 Gy at 2 Gy/d); arm B, identical radiation therapy with concurrent bolus cisplatin, given on days 1, 22, and 43; and arm C, a split course of single daily fractionated radiation and three cycles of concurrent infusional fluorouracil and bolus cisplatin chemotherapy, 30 Gy given with the first cycle and 30 to 40 Gy given with the third cycle. Surgical resection was encouraged if possible after the second chemotherapy cycle on arm C and, if necessary, as salvage therapy on all three treatment arms. Survival data were compared between each experimental arm and the control arm using a one-sided log-rank test.Between 1992 and 1999, 295 patients were entered on this trial. This did not meet the accrual goal of 362 patients and resulted in premature study closure. Grade 3 or worse toxicity occurred in 52% of patients enrolled in arm A, compared with 89% enrolled in arm B (P <.0001) and 77% enrolled in arm C (P <.001). With a median follow-up of 41 months, the 3-year projected overall survival for patients enrolled in arm A is 23%, compared with 37% for arm B (P =.014) and 27% for arm C (P = not significant).The addition of concurrent high-dose, single-agent cisplatin to conventional single daily fractionated radiation significantly improves survival, although it also increases toxicity. The loss of efficacy resulting from split-course radiation was not offset by either multiagent chemotherapy or the possibility of midcourse surgery.
The diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Authors: V Poletti, S Cazzato, N Minicuci, M Zompatori, M Burzi, ML Schiattone
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

In order to determine the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) a prospective study was carried out. Thirty seven consecutive patients (20 males and 17 females) with clinicoradiological features of COP were enrolled in the study. The statistical analyses were completed in 35 cases. Twenty eight patients were diagnosed to have COP, all of them with a confirmatory biopsy. In seven cases, a different diagnosis was made. BAL cytological and phenotypical criteria considered for the diagnosis of COP were: a lymphocytosis of more than 25% (with a CD4/CD8 ratio less than 0.9); combined with at least two of the following data (foamy macrophages of > 20%, and/or neutrophils of > 5%, and/or eosinophils of > 2% and < 25%). TBLB specimens were classified as positive for COP if they showed: buds of granulation tissue within the centrilobular air spaces; infiltration of alveolar walls with chronic inflammatory cells; and preservation of alveolar architecture. BAL was performed in 34 patients; 17 cases were consistent with the final diagnosis of COP (sensitivity 63%), and four cases were correctly classified as negative (specificity 57%). BAL had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 29%. TBLB was performed in 32 patients; it correctly identified COP in 16 cases (sensitivity 64%), and six cases were correctly classified as negative (specificity 86%). TBLB had a PPV of 94% and a NPV of 40%. The accuracy of the examinations, that is the probability of correctly diagnosing both diseased and nondiseased patients by BAL or TBLB, was 62 and 69%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the combination of cytological bronchoalveolar lavage and histological transbronchial lung biopsy data obtained during a fibreoptic procedure appears to be an effective method for the initial investigation in cryptogenic organizing patients pneumonia presenting with patchy radiographic shadows.
The Turning Down of the Old Practitioner.
Authors: T. A. Borton
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Plymouth, Ind., Aug. 8, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice inThe Journal, Aug. 8, in the report of the Ohio State Board of Registration, that candidate 172, graduate of Columbus Medical College, class of 1878, failed with a per cent, of 65 5/9, and, in fact, all who failed are old graduates with the exception of one, and that one a foreigner. All who passed are graduates of recent date. Now the physician who graduated in 1878, with about a quarter of a century of practical experience to his credit, ought not to be turned down by the Ohio board, or any other state board, and state reciprocity should be so arranged that a physician licensed by the state in which he practices, and endorsed by the medical profession or county or state medical societies, should obtain a license to practice in any state on presentation of his state
Transplantation in Childhood Very High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Adriana Balduzzi, Valentino Conter, Cornelio Uderzo, Maria Grazia Valsecchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

enrollment.The median progression-free survival time during treatment with rhEndostatin (5.8 months) was nearly identical to this value, suggesting (but not proving) that rhEndostatin had little effect on tumor growth.Traditional tumor responses, as measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, have recently been reported after the administration of either bevacizumab or sunitinib in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors.The confirmed evidence of tumor shrinkage in a subset of patients receiving these agents suggests that they may have more antitumor activity than does rhEndostatin, although we concur with the authors that differences in response criteria, together with potential differences in patient selection, preclude definitive comparisons between the studies.Nontoxic agents that slow or prevent tumor progression would be welcome in the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors.Single-arm phase II designs are poorly suited to evaluate this type of effect, and even with uniform inclusion criteria, cannot be used to draw definitive comparisons between different agents.Randomized designs using progression-free survival end points should be strongly considered in future neuroendocrine tumor trials.
Analysis of peptide binding patterns in different major histocompatibility complex/T cell receptor complexes using pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybridomas. Evidence that a single peptide binds major histocompatibility complex in different conformations.
Authors: H Bhayani, Y Paterson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The interaction of TCR, antigen, and MHC complex has been analyzed using synthetic peptide antigens and a series of single amino acid-substituted analogues. Two similar antigens, mouse cytochrome c (mcyt c) and pigeon cytochrome c (pcyt c), elicit T cell responses in strains of mice bearing MHC class II Ek beta Ek alpha (B10.A), Eb beta Ek alpha [B10.A(5R)], and Es beta Ek alpha [B10.S(9R)]. The immunogenic regions of these antigens are located in the peptide sequence p88-104 for pcyt c and m88-103 for mcyt c. The limited T cell repertoire for these antigens is comprised of four groups of T cell phenotypes that have very few differences in their TCR gene make up. In this paper, we examine the diversity in their fine specificity for each of the antigens, m88-103 and p88-104, complexed with each of the I-Ek haplotypes. Epitopes, i.e., residues that interact with the TCR, and agretopes, i.e., residues in the MHC-binding site, were assigned for the two peptide antigens in the presence of APC bearing E beta kEk alpha, Eb beta Ek alpha, or Eb beta Ek alpha using T cell hybridomas of the phenotypes I, IIIa, and IV. From our results, we conclude that first, the substitution of any residue between 95 and 104 of the cytochrome c peptide changed the antigenic potency of the peptide for at least one of the hybridomas. Second, each T cell type has a different recognition pattern of epitopes and agretopes for a particular antigen-MHC complex, thus, ruling out a static model of T cell recognition, which assigns certain, invariant agretopic residues to the peptide by which it interacts with the MHC molecule independently of the TCR. Third, the same T cell hybridoma responded to the antigens differently when presented on various MHC molecules, implying that overall changes in the MHC groove, as displayed by the three haplotypes, may affect the efficiency in binding the peptide. Fourth, since most of the residues are used as epitopes by at least one of the T cell specificities, the peptide appears to be recognized in a different conformation by each T cell hybridoma phenotype; and, finally, the epitopic and agretopic residues do not segregate, for any one of the T cell specificities, in such a way that suggests they are recognized in a helical conformation. In summary, our results suggest that a single peptide may generate diversity in the T cell response by virtue of its conformational flexibility within the TCR-MHC-antigen complex.
An evolutionary framework for studying mechanisms of social behavior
Authors: Hans A. Hofmann, Annaliese K. Beery, Daniel T. Blumstein, Iain D. Couzin, Ryan L. Earley, Loren D. Hayes, Peter L. Hurd, Eileen A. Lacey, Steven M. Phelps, Nancy G. Solomon, Michael Taborsky, Larry J. Young, Dustin R. Rubenstein
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2014)
Interpretation of the variability of peak flow rates in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: E H Ramsdale, M M Morris, F E Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Increased diurnal variation of expiratory flow rates has been documented in patients with chronic bronchitis, but this could be secondary to the disease process of bronchitis rather than an associated disease--namely, asthma. Peak expiratory flow was measured twice daily before and after inhalation of 200 micrograms salbutamol in 34 subjects with chronic bronchitis. The FEV1 ranged from 38% to 121% predicted. Diurnal variation (expressed as highest-lowest/highest (%)) was increased in 18 subjects, all but three of whom had airflow obstruction and an increase in methacholine airway responsiveness. There was only a weak correlation between diurnal variation and airway responsiveness (r = -0.54) or the severity of the airflow obstruction. This finding, together with the occurrence of an increase in diurnal variation without an increase in methacholine airway responsiveness in three subjects, suggests that the increased diurnal variation in chronic bronchitis may have a different underlying mechanism from that in asthma.
Meeting Report: Estimating the Benefits of Reducing Hazardous Air Pollutants—Summary of 2009 Workshop and Future Considerations
Authors: Maureen R. Gwinn, Jeneva Craig, Daniel A. Axelrad, Rich Cook, Chris Dockins, Neal Fann, Robert Fegley, David E. Guinnup, Gloria Helfand, Bryan Hubbell, Sarah L. Mazur, Ted Palma, Roy L. Smith, John Vandenberg, Babasaheb Sonawane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Quantifying the benefits of reducing hazardous air pollutants (HAPs, or air toxics) has been limited by gaps in toxicological data, uncertainties in extrapolating results from high-dose animal experiments to estimate human effects at lower doses, limited ambient and personal exposure monitoring data, and insufficient economic research to support valuation of the health impacts often associated with exposure to individual air toxics.To address some of these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency held the Workshop on Estimating the Benefits of Reducing Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in Washington, DC, from 30 April to 1 May 2009.Experts from multiple disciplines discussed how best to move forward on air toxics benefits assessment, with a focus on developing near-term capability to conduct quantitative benefits assessment. Proposed methodologies involved analysis of data-rich pollutants and application of this analysis to other pollutants, using dose-response modeling of animal data for estimating benefits to humans, determining dose-equivalence relationships for different chemicals with similar health effects, and analysis similar to that used for criteria pollutants. Limitations and uncertainties in economic valuation of benefits assessment for HAPS were discussed as well.These discussions highlighted the complexities in estimating the benefits of reducing air toxics, and participants agreed that alternative methods for benefits assessment of HAPs are needed. Recommendations included clearly defining the key priorities of the Clean Air Act air toxics program to identify the most effective approaches for HAPs benefits analysis, focusing on susceptible and vulnerable populations, and improving dose-response estimation for quantification of benefits.
Abstract 3779: Novel oral gallium compounds as modulators of cancer-related accelerated bone loss
Authors: Raymond P. Warrell, John K. Thottathil
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Accelerated bone loss is associated with a number of metabolic and neoplastic conditions. Estrogen-receptor modulation, bisphosphonates (BP), and RANKL-inhibitors (RLI) are useful for metabolic bone disease. Parenteral BPs and RLIs are also associated with skeletal morbidity, including osteonecrosis. No oral agent has yet proved suitable for treatment or prevention of adverse skeletal-related events (SREs) in cancer patients (pts) with bone metastases. Our prior work showed that low-dose gallium (G) nitrate administered by subcutaneous injection (SC) reduced markers of accelerated bone resorption in pts with bone metastases from various tumor types, as well as advanced Paget's disease. Moreover, extended therapy for 6-12 mos (0.5 mg/kg SC 2 wks on/2 wks off) produced substantial increases in total body calcium (measured by neutron activation analysis) in pts with myeloma receiving chemotherapy. However, inorganic G-compounds also exhibit low oral availability. Therefore, we synthesized a series of organic G-containing compounds to test their suitability as facilitators of long-term G administration. This work isolated several lead compounds that were then evaluated in animal studies. Methods: Isolated compounds were administered by oral gavage to dogs (Calvert Laboratories, Inc.), which then underwent serial blood sampling over 24 hrs. The objective was to achieve target plasma concentrations at specific times that had proved effective in acutely normalizing elevated blood calcium in human subjects with cancer-related hypercalcemia. Results: Various amino acid-like complexes yielded unpredictable results. Proline and carnosine showed only modest oral availability, compared with mandalate and histidine complexes that were superior. Among other organic bidentate G compounds, G4544(a) achieved a peak target, but time-to-peak (TTP) concentrations was delayed. G-4544(b), the same complex but with reduced nitrate content, improved TTP concentrations, but a follow-on study in human subjects failed to reproduce observations in dog (Proc. AACR 2010). To date, the complexes G4546 and G4547 yielded the best results, promptly achieving peak stable concentrations consistent with target objectives. Conclusion: The organic G compound, G4546, will be advanced into human clinical trials to determine its suitability for extended treatment of oncology patients who may develop accelerated bone loss. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3779. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3779
Obstetrical Outcomes among Women with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Narayan Jana, Kala Vasishta, Subhas C. Saha, Kushagradhi Ghosh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The prevalence of tuberculosis, especially extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is increasing worldwide. Because information on the outcome of pregnancy among women with extrapulmonary tuberculosis is limited, we studied the course of pregnancy and labor and the perinatal outcome in these women and their infants.
Expression of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Transcripts in the Thalamus of Subjects With Schizophrenia
Authors: Robert E. Smith, Vahram Haroutunian, Kenneth L. Davis, James H. Meador-Woodruff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Recent investigations of schizophrenia have targeted glutamatergic neurotransmission, since phencyclidine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can induce schizophreniform psychosis. The authors previously reported alterations in thalamic NMDA receptor subunit expression in schizophrenia, consistent with the hypothesis that thalamic glutamatergic hypofunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of this illness. In this study they generalized this hypothesis to include other molecules of the glutamate synapse, specifically excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), whose normal expression and regulation in the thalamus may also be disrupted in subjects with schizophrenia. METHOD: In situ hybridization with riboprobes specific for the human excitatory amino acid transporter transcripts EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3 was performed in discrete thalamic nuclei in persons with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. RESULTS: Higher expressions of transcripts encoding EAAT1 and EAAT2, but not EAAT3, were detected in the thalamus of subjects with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis of glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia and suggest that molecules other than glutamate receptors are abnormally expressed in glutamatergic synapses in this illness.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors impair B-cell immune responses in CML through off-target inhibition of kinases important for cell signaling
Authors: Hugues de Lavallade, Ahmad Khoder, Melanie Hart, Anushruti Sarvaria, Takuya Sekine, Abdullah Alsuliman, Stephan Mielke, Alexandra Bazeos, Kate Stringaris, Sara Ali, Dragana Milojkovic, Letizia Foroni, Aristeidis Chaidos, Nichola Cooper, Ian Gabriel, Jane Apperley, Sarah Belsey, Robert J. Flanagan, John Goldman, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Peter Kelleher, David Marin, Katayoun Rezvani
Journal: Blood (2013)
Redirection of prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolism at the platelet-vascular interface in man.
Authors: J Nowak, G A FitzGerald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is an inhibitor of platelet function in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that PGI2 is formed in biologically active concentrations at the platelet-vascular interface in man and can be pharmacologically modulated to enhance its inhibitory properties. This became feasible when we developed a microquantitative technique that permits the measurement of eicosanoids in successive 40-microliters aliquots of whole blood emerging from a bleeding time wound. In 13 healthy volunteers the rate of production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 421 +/- 90 (mean +/- SEM) fg/microliters per s at 300 +/- 20 s. The hydration product of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, rose earlier and to a lesser degree, reaching a peak (68 +/- 34 fg/microliters per s) at 168 +/- 23 s. The generation of prostaglandins PGE2 and D2 resembled that of PGI2. Whereas the threshold concentration of PGI2 for an effect on platelets in vitro is approximately 30 fg/microliters, only less than 3 fg/microliters circulates under physiological conditions. By contrast, peak concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha obtained locally after vascular damage averaged 305 fg/microliters. Pharmacological regulation of PG endoperoxide metabolism at the platelet-vascular interface was demonstrated by administration of a TX synthase inhibitor. The rate of production of PGI2, PGE2, and PGD2 increased coincident with inhibition of TXA, as reflected by three indices; the concentration of TXB2 in bleeding time blood and serum, and excretion of the urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-TXB2. These studies indicate that PGI2 is formed locally in biologically effective concentrations at the site of vessel injury and provide direct evidence in support of transcellular metabolism of PG endoperoxides in man.