tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Childhood Strokes
Authors: GARY F. GATES, LAWRENCE S. FISHMAN, HERVEY D. SEGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Thirty-three children who had strokes were studied by dynamic and static scintigraphy, 29 by CT scanning, and 10 by cerebral angiography. The accuracy of dynamic scintigraphy in stroke detection during the first week of clinical symptoms was 94% while CT scanning was 60% accurate and static scintigraphy 11% accurate. During the second week the accuracy of CT scanning increased to 100%, but static scintigraphy improved to only 50%. Fifty percent of scintiangiograms performed during the first week showed either luxuriant perfusion or flip-flop patterns. In some patients these two flow patterns changed to that of cerebral hemispheric ischemia after going through a phase during which perfusion appeared to be equal in the two hemispheres. Dynamic scintigraphy is believed to be the test of choice for stroke detection in children during the first week.
Arterial Oxygenation
Authors: Randhir P. Sinha
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Arterial oxygenation was studied in a control group as well as in patients with head and spinal cord injuries. While most of the control group had normal partial arterial oxygen pressure (Pao<sub>2</sub>), half of the group with trauma had Pao<sub>2</sub>values below 80 mm Hg, and between 10% and 20% were significantly hypoxemic with Pao<sub>2</sub>values below 60 mm Hg. Since the clinical recognition of hypoxemia is exceedingly difficult unless there is a profound fall in Pao<sub>2</sub>, and since hypoxemia may be present almost immediately after the injury, the patient's Pao<sub>2</sub>should be determined in all cases of head and spinal cord injuries in order to institute proper therapy early.
Deliberate Puncture of the Bile Duct and Duodenal Wall for Placement of a Biliary Endoprosthesis in a Rendezvous Procedure
Authors: S. Misra, M. Dwivedi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

In a 60-year-old man with inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was attempted in order to place a biliary self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) across the stricture in the bile duct. However, all attempts to gain access to the bile duct failed. It was then decided to perform a rendezvous-procedure ERCP.
CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH ON-TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Michael Angelo Gaglia, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Itsik Ben-Dor, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael Mahmoudi, Michael Mahmoudi, Gabriel Sardi, Kohei Wakabayashi, Ana Carnicero, Rafael Romaguera, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Differentiation of cultured keratinocytes promotes the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes.
Authors: G L Darmstadt, P Fleckman, M Jonas, E Chi, C E Rubens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Based on a consideration of the histopathology of nonbullous impetigo that shows localization of Streptococcus pyogenes to highly differentiated, subcorneal keratinocytes, we hypothesized that adherence of an impetigo strain of S. pyogenes would be promoted by terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. An assay was developed in which S. pyogenes adhered via pilus-like projections from the cell wall to the surface of cultured human keratinocytes in a time- and inoculum-dependent manner suggestive of a receptor-mediated process. Terminal differentiation of keratinocytes was induced by increasing the calcium concentration in the growth medium, and was confirmed by morphologic analysis using electron microscopy. Adherence of S. pyogenes was three and fourfold greater to keratinocytes differentiated in 1.0 and 1.5 mM calcium, respectively, compared with undifferentiated keratinocytes in 0.15 mM calcium. The presence of calcium during the adherence assay further enhanced adherence nearly twofold. Adherence occurred preferentially to sites of contact between adjacent keratinocytes, suggesting that the keratinocyte receptor may be a molecule involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. In contrast, nonpathogenic Streptococcus gordonii adhered poorly to keratinocytes regardless of their state of terminal differentiation, and adherence of a pharyngeal strain of S. pyogenes was twofold greater to undifferentiated than differentiated keratinocytes. This is the first report of in vitro adherence of S. pyogenes to keratinocytes in a manner that emulates human impetigo. Adherence of only the impetigo strain, and not the pharyngeal strain of S. pyogenes or the nonpathogenic S. gorgonii isolate, was promoted by keratinocyte differentiation. This result provides a model system for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of streptococcal skin infections.
The Vitacuff and Intravascular Catheter—Related Infection-Reply
Authors: R. H. Flowers
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We would agree that guide-wire changes are widely used, but we are unable to find randomized, controlled trials demonstrating the precise rate of infectious or mechanical complications associated with their use. We excluded guide-wire changes from our study because previous data suggested a lack of protection from use of the Vitacuff in such cases, presumably because the cuff has no effect on a previously colonized subcutaneous catheter tract.<sup>1</sup> We acknowledge that some patients have contraindications to new sticks such as coagulopathy or widespread cutaneous burns. In such instances, one leaves the first catheter in place longer and uses a guide-wire change when necessary. Our data and those of Maki et al<sup>1</sup>suggest that the first catheter placed in such patients would be less likely to require changing for infectious complications if placed with a Vitacuff. The average catheter life in our study was 4 to
Will Pregnancy Prevention Work?
Authors: Cori Vanchieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Currents15 November 1997Will Pregnancy Prevention Work?Cori VanchieriCori VanchieriSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail A program to reduce pregnancies in women who use isotretinoin, a known teratogen, for severe, cystic acne is being considered as a model for thalidomide. In 1988, “an unprecedented and novel” pregnancy prevention program was developed for isotretinoin users, according to Allen A. Mitchell, MD, professor of epidemiology and pediatrics at the Boston University School of Public Health. Rates of oral contraceptive use and abstinence were higher in the isotretinoin users than in the general public. The pregnancy rate was 7% that of the U.S. population. Of the 210 009 women with complete follow-up, 623 became pregnant. Two thirds of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTeratology in the 20th centuryTeratology in the 20th century Environmental causes of congenital malformations in humans and how they were established 15 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 10Page: 952KeywordsAcneBirthChild healthCongenital disordersContraceptivesEpidemiologyOral contraceptive therapyPediatricsPregnancyPrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 15 November 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Malcolm John Lewis
Authors: R. Slack, F. O'Grady
Journal: BMJ (2009)

After training and hospital jobs in Bristol, Malcolm John Lewis joined the Lister Institute with Bruce Stocker to work on bacterial genetics. He then joined the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) as a trainee bacteriologist, where he worked at the Central Laboratory, Colindale, under the supervision of E S Anderson. There he was involved in seminal work on the spread of bacterial plasmids in …
Edvard Munch's Split Image
Authors: Newell R. Washburn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to make a small addition to Dr Southgate's interpretation of Edvard Munch's painting<i>Self-Portrait With Bottle of Wine</i>.<sup>1</sup>Put your finger over the right half of the artist's face; you see a pale, listless, somewhat depressed, middle-aged man.Then cover the left side of his face; now you are confronted by a starkly red visage with a crazed stare from the right eye. The artist seems to be saying that his personality is split into two halves (neither favorable) going in opposite directions, like the two waiters dressed in black standing behind him.
Human variability and susceptibility to trichloroethylene.
Authors: G M Pastino, W Y Yap, M Carroquino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Although humans vary in their response to chemicals, comprehensive measures of susceptibility have generally not been incorporated into human risk assessment. The U.S. EPA dose-response-based risk assessments for cancer and the RfD/RfC (reference dose-reference concentration) approach for noncancer risk assessments are assumed to protect vulnerable human subgroups. However, these approaches generally rely on default assumptions and do not consider the specific biological basis for potential susceptibility to a given toxicant. In an effort to focus more explicitly on this issue, this article addresses biological factors that may affect human variability and susceptibility to trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used halogenated industrial solvent. In response to Executive Order 13045, which requires federal agencies to make protection of children a high priority in implementing their policies and to take special risks to children into account when developing standards, this article examines factors that may affect risk of exposure to TCE in children. The influence of genetics, sex, altered health state, coexposure to alcohol, and enzyme induction on TCE toxicity are also examined.
Pten Deficiency in Melanocytes Results in Resistance to Hair Graying and Susceptibility to Carcinogen-Induced Melanomagenesis
Authors: Tae Inoue-Narita, Koichi Hamada, Takehiko Sasaki, Sachiko Hatakeyama, Sachiko Fujita, Kohichi Kawahara, Masato Sasaki, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Satoshi Eguchi, Itaru Kojima, Friedrich Beermann, Tetsunori Kimura, Masatake Osawa, Satoshi Itami, Tak Wah Mak, Toru Nakano, Motomu Manabe, Akira Suzuki
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Phosphate and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene inactivated in numerous sporadic cancers, including melanomas. To analyze Pten functions in melanocytes, we used the Cre-loxP system to delete Pten specifically in murine pigment-producing cells and generated DctCrePtenflox/flox mice. Half of DctCrePtenflox/flox mice died shortly after birth with enlargements of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Melanocytes were increased in the dermis of perinatal DctCrePtenflox/flox mice. When the mutants were subjected to repeated depilations, melanocyte stem cells in the bulge of the hair follicle resisted exhaustion and the mice were protected against hair graying. Although spontaneous melanomas did not form in DctCrePtenflox/flox mice, large nevi and melanomas developed after carcinogen exposure. DctCrePtenflox/flox melanocytes were increased in size and exhibited heightened activation of Akt and extracellular signal–regulated kinases, increased expression of Bcl-2, and decreased expression of p27Kip1. Our results show that Pten is important for the maintenance of melanocyte stem cells and the suppression of melanomagenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5760–8]
Studies on the Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function
Authors: CARLETON B. CHAPMAN, ROBERT S. FRASER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Asymptomatic male patients with healed myocardial infarction were studied with respect to the effect of exercise on cardiac output, mean circulation time, blood pressure, and pulse rate. A group of normal men in the same age group served as a control group. It was found that the hemodynamic response of the patients to exercise is very similar to that of the normal group except that the pulse rate in the former increases more than that of the latter group. The probable significance of this minor difference is discussed.
Problèmes de formation psychologique des étudiants
Authors: P. Aboulker, O. Bourguignon, L. Chertok
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The authors have carried out, over a period of 4 years, an experiment in the psychological training of medical students, making use of the Balint group. The somewhat different teaching methods which came into force after the events of May 1968 have brought about very little change in our findings, as compared with those recorded prior to that date. No more than 40% of students refuse to attend the group (which is not compulsory). A further 30% show a more or less limited interest in the group. The remaining 30% attend willingly, but only one-half of these are truly keen and persevering.
Cefepime or carbapenem treatment for febrile neutropenia as a single agent is as effective as a combination of 4<sup>th</sup>‐generation cephalosporin + aminoglycosides: Comparative study
Authors: K. Tamura, H. Matsuoka, J. Tsukada, M. Masuda, S. Ikeda, E. Matsuishi, F. Kawano, Y. Izumi, N. Uike, A. Utsunomiya, Y. Saburi, T. Shibuya, Y. Imamura, S. Hanada, S. Okamura, H. Gondoh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract 1998, a consensus meeting was held in Miyazaki, Japan, to develop an approach to management of febrile neutropenia (FN). The K‐HOT study group decided to examine whether this proposal was applicable to clinical practice in a multicenter study. Patients who developed fever with neutrophil counts &lt;1,000/μL were randomized to receive either a single antibiotic, cefepime or one of the carbapenems, or a combination of cefepime and an aminoglycoside. Patients who became afebrile within the first 3 days were continued on the same treatment. Patients who remained febrile were switched to a combination regimen if they were randomized to receive a single agent, and patients on combination medication were changed from cefepime to another cephalosporin. A total of 165 patients were entered into the trial. One hundred fifty‐three patients were evaluable for response. The average age was 52 years, and 70% of the patients had acute leukemia. Severe neutropenia, defined as &lt;100/μL at the time of FN, was seen in 62% of the patients on entry and during the course of treatment 71% of patients experienced neutrophil counts of &lt;100/μL. Microbiologically documented infection was seen in 6.5% for monotherapy, and 10.5% for a combination treatment, and fever of unknown origin occurred in 75.3% and 59.2% of the patients in each regimen, respectively. Excellent to good response was seen in two‐thirds of the patients in all treatment groups. Adverse events were minimal, and three early deaths were observed at days 9, 16, and 16 among patients treated with a single antibiotic and three in the combination regimen group at days 14, 15, and 20. These results indicate that cefepime or a carbapenem alone is as effective as a combination of cefepime and an aminoglycoside for treating FN. Am. J. Hematol. 71:248–255, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dozens of patients allege unnecessary heart surgery
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A lawsuit brought on behalf of 82 patients who were allegedly subjected to unnecessary cardiac surgery at Redding Medical Center, Redding, northern California, has been filed in a Californian county superior court.

Nine of the 82 patients later died, and some of the deaths have been attributed to the unnecessary surgery, the lawsuit says. It further contends that a deliberate push for high profits prompted the hospital and doctors to perform inordinate numbers of highly profitable heart procedures, whether they were necessary or not.

Last October the …
Connubial Cancer: Coincidence vs Contagion
Authors: Sumner Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The finding of malignant melanomas in both husband and wife, as reported by Robertson ( 217 :1553, 1971), should evoke consideration of communicability as a possible etiological factor. I recently saw a 24-year-old white man with a teratocarcinoma of his left testicle. His (white) wife's first husband (white) had died 1½ years previously at age 23 years of a lymphosarcoma, and she, at age 22, had undergone cervical conization for a carcinoma in situ shortly after the second marriage. Another husband and wife (white, ages 46 and 43 years, respectively) recently underwent radiation therapy simultaneously at our local hospital, he for Hodgkin's disease and she for lymphocytic lymphoma. These cases may likely represent coincidence only, but the possibility of a communicability factor cannot be excluded.  Much work has been done on the possible role of viruses in malignancy, believed to be caused by the incorporation of the virus
N-isopropyl-p[123I]iodoamphetamine, a new agent for lung imaging studies.
Authors: N Van Zandwijk, A Zwijnenburg, C A Hoefnagel, H R Marcuse
Journal: Thorax (1986)

N-isopropyl-p[123I]iodoamphetamine, originally designed for brain scintigraphy, has been found to be retained by the normal lung and to produce excellent camera images. Ten patients with gross abnormalities on their chest radiographs due to lung cancer have been studied with this drug. The diseased parts of the lung consistently showed less uptake and these defects matched those obtained with microspheres labelled with technetium-99m, indicating that 123I-iodoamphetamine has the characteristics of a perfusion tracer. In five out of the 10 patients studied sequential studies showed that improved iodoamphetamine uptake was encountered shortly after a favourable response to radiotherapy and reduced uptake was seen in congruence with the radiation field at a later stage. This first clinical demonstration indicates that the retention of 123I-iodoamphetamine could be a sensitive marker for pulmonary vascular integrity and a useful new tool to identify the extent of disease where the pulmonary circulation is the initial site of the disorder.
BSE linked to new variant of CJD in humans
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Children are no more susceptible to the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease than the rest of the population, the British government announced this week (see pages 790, 791, and 854). The Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee considered further genetic information on the 10 new cases of CJD reported last week and consulted with a paediatrician, immunologist, and gastroenterologist before reaching its decision last weekend. It repeated its view that the most likely explanation for the 10 new cases is exposure to the agent that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle that occurred before the ban on the use of cow offal was introduced in 1989. In accepting the committee's opinion, the government has for the first time acknowledged that BSE could be transmissible to humans.

There were 40 cases of CJD in Britain last year according to government statistics, compared with 54 in 1994. About 15% of these have a genetic basis; others are sporadic, for which no cause is known—these usually occur in people aged over 60. …
Surface Passivation of Carbon Nanoparticles with Branched Macromolecules Influences Near Infrared Bioimaging
Authors: Lina Wu, Micah Luderer, Xiaoxia Yang, Corban Swain, Huiying Zhang, Kate Nelson, Allen J. Stacy, Baozhong Shen, Gregory M. Lanza, Dipanjan Pan
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

A superior and commercially exploitable 'green synthesis' of optically active carbon nanoparticle (OCN) is revealed in this work.The naked carbon particles (<20 nm) were derived from commercial food grade honey.The fluorescence properties of these particles were significantly enhanced by utilizing hyberbranched polymer for surface passivation.A dramatic increase in near infrared emission was achieved compared to a linear polymer (PEG) coated carbon nanoparticles.Interestingly, as passivating agent becomes more extensively branched (pseudo generation 2 to 4), the average radiant efficiency amplifies considerably as a direct result of the increasing surface area available for light passivation.The particles showed negligible loss of cell viability in presence of endothelial cells in vitro.Preliminary in vivo experiment showed high contrast enhancement in auxiliary lymphnode in a mouse model.The exceptionally rapid lymphatic transport of these particles suggests that such an approach may offer greater convenience and reduced procedural expense, as well as improved surgical advantage as the patient is positioned on the table for easier resection.
Francis report recommends a whistleblowing guardian in every NHS organisation
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

UK legislation will be introduced to protect NHS whistleblowers from discrimination when they seek fresh employment, the health secretary has announced. Jeremy Hunt said that the necessary regulation making powers could be on the statute book in this parliament, with opposition support.

The move came after a recommendation in a wide ranging review of whistleblowing in the NHS that called for urgent, system-wide action.1 Widespread fear among NHS staff to speak up about concerns is threatening patient safety, the review by a senior barrister, Robert Francis QC, concluded. It recommended the adoption of 20 principles to create “an open and honest reporting culture in the NHS” and an action plan to make sure that concerns are heard and investigated properly.

Hunt said that the government accepted in principle all of the recommendations and would consult on Francis’s proposals for a …
Loss of function effect of RET mutations causing Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Barbara Pasini, Maria Grazia Borrello, Angela Greco, Italia Bongarzone, Yin Luo, Piera Mondellini, Luisella Alberti, Claudia Miranda, Elena Arighi, Renata Bocciardi, Marco Seri, Virginia Barone, Maria Teresa Radice, Giovanni Romeo, Marco A. Pierotti
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Drunk in charge
Authors: I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Clinical&nbsp;introduction</h3> A 25-year-old man presented with complaints of acute-onset chest pain for 2 hours associated with diaphoresis and generalised weakness. He had history of smoking for 10 years. There was no history of hypertension, diabetes, family history of premature coronary artery disease or drug abuse. On evaluation, his heart rate was 76/min, blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. Cardiovascular examination was normal. The ECG&nbsp;is shown in figure 1.
Evaluation of isokinetic force production and associated muscle activity in the scapular rotators during a protraction-retraction movement in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms
Authors: A M Cools, E E Witvrouw, G A Declercq, G G Vanderstraeten, D C Cambier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To determine if the muscle force and electromyographic activity in the scapular rotators of overhead athletes with impingement symptoms showed differences between the injured and non-injured sides.Isokinetic peak force was evaluated during protraction and retraction of the shoulder girdle, with simultaneous recording of electromyographic activity of the three trapezius muscles and the serratus anterior muscle, in 19 overhead athletes with impingement symptoms.Paired t tests showed significantly lower peak force during isokinetic protraction at high velocity (p<0.05), a significantly lower protraction/retraction ratio (p<0.01), and significantly lower electromyographic activity in the lower trapezius muscle during isokinetic retraction on the injured side than on the non-injured side (p<0.05).These results confirm that patients with impingement symptoms show abnormal muscle performance at the scapulothoracic joint.