tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Link between breast cancer and ATM gene is strong
Authors: M. Swift, Y. Su
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We welcome Lavin's recognition of the important role that the ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) gene plays in breast cancer despite the attention given to two other genes, BRCA1/BRCA2, which are numerically less important.1 It is important to emphasise that the evidence linking the ataxia-telangiectasia gene to breast cancer is more than suggestive. As well as the two smaller studies referenced by Lavin, two large epidemiological studies have clearly …
THE RENAL EXCRETION OF CITRATE*
Authors: Arthur P. Grollman, Helen C. Harrison, Harold E. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Amberg and McClure (1) first identified citric acid as a normal excretory product in human urine.Oestberg (2) noted that citrate excretion in- creased greatly during metabolic alkalosis and decreased during states of acidosis and thus varied with urinary pH.Other investigators (3, 4) demonstrated that factors other than urinary pH also altered the excretion of citric acid.Study of the metabolic pathways of citrate formation and utilization culminated in the classic paper of Krebs and Johnson (5) in which the tricarboxylic acid cycle was first postulated.Krebs included succinate, l-malate, and fumarate as participants in the "cycle."Orten and Smith (6) reported that the intravenous administration of these di- carboxylic acids increased the urinary excretion of citrate, and malonate was also shown to have the same effect.Krebs, Salvin and Johnson ( 7) extended these experiments, demonstrated that oxaloacetate increased citrate and a-ketoglutarate output in urine, and suggested that malonic acid acted as a succinic dehydrogenase inhibitor rather than as a direct precursor of citric acid in the proposed cycle.No consideration was given to the renal clearance of citrate and the possibility of changes in tubular reabsorption, or of secretion, of this solute as a factor in altered urine citrate output, so that a greatly increased urinary excre- tion of citrate was accepted as prima facie evidence of increased endogenous production.However, the relative roles of filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion, together with the factors that in- fluence them, must be properly evaluated before conclusions are drawn regarding changes in urine citrate output as evidences of its altered metabolism.Herrin and Lardinois (8) did make stud- ies of citrate excretion in dogs with clearance tech-
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTAGONISM IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gareth J. Padfield, Jehangir N. Din, Nicholas L. Mills, Elena Koushiappi, Simon D. Robinson, Andrew J. Lucking, Nicholas L. Cruden, Stan Chia, Scott A. Harding, David E. Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Selective Arterial Catheterization: Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative
Authors: John L. Doppman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Bierman's credentials for writing a book on selective arterial catheterization are impeccable— wide experience, significant contributions to the early development of arteriographic technique (he was performing selective hepatic artery catheterizations in 1947, long before the work of Seldinger and Odman), and a background in oncology and hematology which brings to these complex catheterization procedures a clinical perspective often lacking among radiologist-angiographers. Unfortunately, the wideranging interests of the author may account for the principal weakness of this book. Too large a field has been included: cardiovascular, neural, and visceral arteriography are all covered, many in a manner too superficial to interest the audience, presumably angiographers, for whom the text is intended. A less comprehensive study, restricted, say, to the areas in which the author is particularly experienced (catheterization techniques and tumor perfusion) might have been more satisfactory. The early chapters are devoted to historical development, instrumentation, and equipment. There is
EARLY EYE SYMPTOMS IN A CASE OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS.
Authors: CASSIUS D. WESCOTT
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In a thesis<sup>1</sup>for the degree of M.D. at Cambridge on the subject of "Myasthenia Gravis," Chas. S. Myers records the undoubted and completely studied cases of this disease. His list contains 22 cases; in 12 there was partial or complete external ophthalmoplegia, in 9 diplopia, in 14 ptosis. These findings and the fact that in 13 of the 22 cases in Myers' list the paralyses of the eye muscles were of the very early symptoms that showed themselves, suggests the publication of the history of the eye symptoms of the following case. Fortunately, our case has not been completely studied (Myers includes only cases that have come to autopsy), but it has gone far enough to emphasize the fact, which agrees with the findings of Myers and which has been pointed out before, e. g., in the recent article of Sir William Gowers,<sup>2</sup>that the eye symptoms may
A Study Guide to Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Including 100 Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: James R. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is an excellent, pithy little book, which cuts to the heart of the issues that are central to statistics and epidemiology. It begins with the basics of quantitative description of disease in groups. The authors present the process of epidemiologic inference, including discussions of disease intensity, risk, and the like. Next, the student encounters the basics of statistical inference. Probability, sampling, and statistical significance are discussed within the framework of biologic variability. The authors then apply these tools to the assessment of exposure and disease associations, as would take place in epidemiologic or clinical research. A comprehensive and versatile measure of association the product moment correlation, is discussed. Although not widely used in epidemiology, that particular correlation measure provides an excellent didactic model for the understanding of association. It makes sense to present it as it is in this text. Once the product moment correlation is understood, the student
Mutagen formation during commercial processing of foods.
Authors: C A Krone, S M Yeh, W T Iwaoka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Levels of bacterial mutagenicity 3-17 times above spontaneous are generated during commercial thermal processing (canning) of foods, particularly foods high in protein. The potential for other processing operations, including pasteurization, dehydration, and concentration, to produce substances active in the Ames Salmonella assay was also examined. Two heated fish model systems, canned salmon and fried sole, were established by extracting mutagen precursors from fish tissues with water. The model system studies suggest that the limiting reactants for mutagen formation differ from one food product to another, and that Maillard type browning reactions are involved in mutagen production. Bisulfite treatment was found to inhibit mutagen formation in modal systems and whole food products. Isolation and partial characterization of the mutagens in both fried and canned pink salmon showed that at least three distinct mutagens were present. These mutagens exhibited HPLC retention time patterns on C18, cyano, and amino columns different than the major mutagens present in other cooked and grilled meats and fish.
The atypical chemokine receptor CCRL1 shapes functional CCL21 gradients in lymph nodes
Authors: Maria H Ulvmar, Kathrin Werth, Asolina Braun, Poonam Kelay, Elin Hub, Kathrin Eller, Li Chan, Beth Lucas, Igor Novitzky-Basso, Kyoko Nakamura, Thomas Rülicke, Robert J B Nibbs, Tim Worbs, Reinhold Förster, Antal Rot
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
The Causation of Pneumonia.
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —This is an attempt to summarize certain evidence presented in the valuable "Introduction to the Study of Pneumonic Fever" by Edward F. Wells, M.D., being published inThe Journal, and to group that evidence relative to epidemics by seasons of the year with evidence relating to the increase and decrease, by seasons of the year, of pneumonia other than epidemic. On pages 259-262 ofThe Journalfor Feb. 23, 1889, Dr. Wells gives a table of chronology of epidemics of pneumonia, stating the country, the year, and the season of the year, in which each epidemic occurred. I have footed his column relative to the season of the year, and find the result as stated in my Table I as follows: The study of the subject by quarters of the year is not as satisfactory as by months, and especially as I wish to compare the result with
Studies of the mechanism of contralateral polyuria after renal artery stenosis.
Authors: O G Galvez, B W Roberts, M H Mishkind, W H Bay, T F Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Acute renal artery stenosis in hydropenic dogs caused a contralateral increase in urine volume and free water clearance without change in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, or osmolar clearance. The increase in urine volume was not dependent on the development of hypertension since it occurred in animals pretreated with trimethaphan but was dependent upon angiotensin since it was presented with angiotensin blockade with Saralasin. The effect was not caused by angiotensin inhibiting antidiuretic hormone release since the polyuria occurred in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of 10 muU/kg per min of aqueous Pitressin. Since the rise in urine volume was associated with an increase in renal vein prostaglandin E concentration and was prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) the results suggest that the rise in plasma angiotensin after renal artery stenosis causes an increase in contralateral prostaglandin E synthesis with resultant antagonism to antidiuretic hormone at the collecting tubule.
Terms for Lung Sounds
Authors: T. KIRKLAND GARNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1979Terms for Lung SoundsT. KIRKLAND GARNER, M.D., G. MICHAEL DUFFELL, M.D.T. KIRKLAND GARNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. MICHAEL DUFFELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-928_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Takatoshi and colleagues (1) recently described the cases of two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus whose interstitial lung disease was characterized by granular deposits in the alveolar walls. Ausculatory findings included "fine rales (velcro rales)" and "slight, moist rales."We maintain that the words "fine," "velcro," "slight," and especially "moist" are superfluous and should have been deleted at some point in the editing process. This use of inexact terminology unfortunately is widespread, despite historical analysis, experimental evidence, and clear-cut guidelines set by the American College of Chest Physicians (2).The word "râle," French for "rattle," was chosen...References1. INOUEKANAYAMAOHE TYA. Immunopathologic studies of pneumonitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:30-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. : pulmonary terms and symbols. Chest. 1976;67:583-93. Google Scholar3. ROBERTSONCOOPE AR. Rales, rhonchi and Laennec. Lancet. 1957;2:417-23. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. FORGACS P. Lung sounds. Br J Dis Chest. 1969;63:1-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTerminologia da ausculta pulmonar utilizada em publicações médicas brasileiras, no período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 2003 1 December 1979Volume 91, Issue 6Page: 928-928KeywordsInterstitial lung diseasesLupus erythematosusThorax Issue Published: 1 December 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Metformin-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Francisco Miralles-Linares, Susana Puerta-Fernandez, M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Francisco J. Tinahones, Raul J. Andrade, Ricardo Gomez-Huelgas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Metformin is the first choice oral antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes and currently the most consumed. Although gastrointestinal intolerance is frequent, metformin-induced hepatotoxicity is rare. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported (1). In all of those cases, metformin was associated with concomitant intake of other potentially hepatotoxic drugs. We present what we feel may be the first documented case of hepatotoxicity due to metformin with no other drug interference.

A 61-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 3-day history of painless jaundice. He had no history of liver disease or toxic habits and denied previous consumption of drugs or herbal products, but had been taking metformin (1,700 mg/day for 6 weeks) after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Laboratory tests showed a mixed …
Smoking and women: beauty before age?
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In 1986 I worked on a World Health Organisation assignment in Papua New Guinea. My task was to interview health workers about local prospects for tobacco control. In Goroka, in the eastern highlands, a local doctor told me: “The problem here will be that if you try to tell local people that smoking will make them sick, they will want you to show them which cigarette in the pack is the bad one they should discard. They won't understand the idea of chronic use being the problem.”

Over the years I've come to see that the challenges facing health educators in allegedly more sophisticated nations are little different. Smoking affects organ systems like lungs and blood vessels, which we can't see in the mirror and which typically take years to “bagarap” (as they would put it in Pidgin). With young people feeling invincible about their health, the reality of smoking affecting hidden viscera and shaving several years off the end of life has always been …
Monocytic Activation of Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C Induced by Porins Isolated fromSalmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: M. Galdiero, M. D'Isanto, M. Vitiello, E. Finamore, L. Peluso, M. Galdiero
Journal: Journal of Infection (2003)
922-58 Comparison of the Mitral Annulus in Normals and Patients with Cardiomyopathy by Dynamic Three-dimensional Reconstruction from Transesophageal Echocardiograms
Authors: Frank A. Flachskampf, Wolfgang Lepper, Peter Hanrath, Petra Klein, Kimerly A. Powell, James D. Thomas, Mark Handschumacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Traumatic Rupture of The Aorta
Authors: William E. DeMuth
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The excellent report by Greendyke (<b>195</b>:527, 1966) on traumatic aortic rupture emphasizes the great frequency with which this injury occurs. One in every six auto-accident victims had a ruptured aorta. Personal experience in a rural hospital in which six traumatic aortic ruptures were found in 257 consecutive autopsies following death from all causes in the years 1964 and 1965 also demonstrates that the injury is not rare. During this time, two additional cases were operated upon, one successfully. Dr. Greendyke stresses prevention. Surgeons should also recognize the importance of rapid assessment and very rapid operative intervention if a presumptive diagnosis of ruptured aorta is made, if shock does not promptly respond to appropriate treatment. It is not to be implied that all ruptures of the aorta must be operated upon immediately. If no other source of blood loss is apparent, if a wide superior mediastinum is
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)
Authors: Lorin E. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It has been conservatively estimated until very recently that about 125,000 active and former US coal miners had roentgenographic evidence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and that at least 50,000 of these men were disabled by the disease. Yet, prior to 1969 only three of the nation's 26 coal mining states provided workmen's compensation coverage for the disease. In 1969 and 1970 five more states amended their laws to provide compensation benefits. Closely associated were the congressional hearings throughout 1969 which culminated with the passage of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969. For the first time a federal law recognizes an occupational disease in a basic industry and provides federal funds to partially remunerate some of the victims. The health sections of Public law 91-173 attack coal workers' pneumoconiosis from three directions: detection, control, and prevention. The law establishes permissible levels of respirable dust in the coal
Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines
Authors: T. Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of illness in young children and of illness and death in elderly people and people with immune deficiencies and chronic illness. Pneumococcus causes a spectrum of disease: infections of the upper respiratory tract, otitis media, invasive infections such as bacteraemia and meningitis, and infections of the lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia.w1

Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines containing more than one capsular antigen of pneumococcus have been around since the 1940s. The current 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was introduced in the United States in 1983.w2 Its antigenic composition reflects the incidence of the 23 serotypes in the causation of invasive disease, as well as coverage of themost prevalent serotypes.w2 As each of the many pneumococcal serotypes has a different epidemiology and probably invasiveness this combined vaccine has a very broad spectrum.w3

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended in the United States for use in all people aged 65 years or more and in people at risk aged 2 years …
Antibody deficiency in bronchiectasis
Authors: M. Miravitlles
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

noninvasive ventilation failure in COPD with acute on chronic respiratory failure To the Editors:Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has proven to be of great interest in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with an improvement in arterial blood gas tensions and respiratory frequency usually observed 1-6 h after initiation [1, 2].We describe an unusual and reversible condition of early NIV failure as follows.
Role of cardiac troponin-I for the detection of early graft occlusion following coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Matthias Thielmann, Günter Marggraf, Markus Kamler, Parwis Massoudy, Ulf Herold, Jarowit Piotrowski, Clemens von Birgelen, Dietrich Baumgart, Raimund Erbel, Heinz Jakob
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Renal Failure and Perforating Folliculitis
Authors: R. D. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Perforating folliculitis was first described by Mehregan and Coskey<sup>1</sup>in 1968. It belongs to the group of diseases exhibiting transepidermal elimination that includes Kyrle's disease, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, reactive perforating collagenosis, and calcinosis cutis. In contrast to Kyrle's disease, which has been associated with diabetes mellitus, hepatic insufficiency, and congestive heart failure,<sup>2,3</sup>there has been no consistent disease association reported with perforating folliculitis. In the past three years, we have seen four cases of perforating folliculitis in the dermatology department at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. All of these cases occurred in patients with chronic renal failure. There were two women and two men, all of whom were middle-aged. Two of the patients had a history of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, while the other two patients had a history of adult-onset diabetes mellitus. In all cases, diabetic nephropathy was believed to be the
Endoscopic and gastric acid studies in homozygous sickle cell disease and upper abdominal pain.
Authors: M G Lee, C H Thirumalai, S I Terry, G R Serjeant
Journal: Gut (1989)

Upper endoscopic and gastric acid output studies were done in 51 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and recurrent epigastric pain. Twenty (39%) had abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract including 18 (35%) with peptic ulcers. Mean basal and maximum acid output were similar in patients with and without duodenal ulcer (DU). Because DU in SS disease does not appear to be associated with high acid outputs observed in other populations, it may reflect reduced mucosal resistance, possibly resulting from ischaemia. This hypothesis was supported by the significantly lower fetal haemoglobin level among SS-DU patients.
Comparison of two <i>in vitro</i> assays, RAST and CAP, when applied to the diagnosis of anaphylactic reactions to honeybee or yellow jacket venoms
Authors: A. Leimgruber, J.‐P. Lantin, P. C. Frei
Journal: Allergy (1993)

We compared the results obtained with a new specific IgE assay (Pharmacia CAP system) to those of RAST and intradermal skin tests (ST) performed in 87 patients with a history of generalized reaction to honeybee or yellow jacket venom. When CAP and RAST were compared with positive ST performed with honeybee venom, CAP sensitivity was not significantly higher (98%) than that of RAST (95%). When yellow jacket venom was tested, CAP sensitivity (93%) was clearly superior to that of RAST (40%). When we compared the specificities of RAST and CAP to bee venom, RAST was positive in 21% of the 24 subjects with negative ST, and CAP in 42%. Among the 29 patients with negative ST to yellow jacket venom, RAST was positive in 17% and CAP in 28%. These results do not reflect a lower specificity of CAP, because CAP positivities could be inhibited in vitro , and because, in three patients with a history of anaphylactic reaction (one to honeybee, two to yellow jacket), CAP was the only positive test confirming the clinical observation. Among the 53 patients who were able to identify the offending insect (honeybee, 31; yellow jacket, 22), the cause of the anaphylactic reaction was usually confirmed by ST and CAP: honeybee venom 97% for both ST and CAP; yellow jacket venom 82% for ST, 86% for CAP. This was not the case for RAST, which confirmed honeybee venom hypersensitivity in 87% and yellow jacket venom hypersensitivity in only 41%. Thus, CAP is both more sensitive and more rapid than RAST, without losing specificity.
Permeation of nickel through human skin in vitro—effect of vehicles
Authors: ANN FULLERTON, J.R. ANDERSEN, ANNIE HOELGAARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

The effect of the vehicle on the permeation rate of nickel ions through excised human skin was evaluated. Different hydrogels were compared with the standard patch test in petrolatum. A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel seemed to be the most promising alternative to petrolatum. It gave high bioavailability of the nickel and had good film forming properties leaving the nickel spread across the skin surface as a thin film without microscopically detectable crystals. The content of nickel in the various skin layers after cutaneous application was determined, and nickel was found to accumulate in the epidermis, probably due to epidermal binding. A significant amount of nickel was found also in the dermis. Occlusion and application of higher nickel concentrations increased the transport rate and must be considered in patch testing using this hydrogel. We conclude that nickel permeation is highly dependent of the choice of vehicle and the vehicle should, therefore, be an important consideration in patch testing with nickel.