tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endurance fitness and blood lactate concentration during stepping exercise in untrained subjects.
Authors: S Richardson, A E Hardman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1989)

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility that reference blood lactate concentrations, determined during stepping exercise, could be used to derive an index of endurance fitness. The traditional measure of endurance fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the individual relationships between blood lactate concentration and submaximal VO2 were determined during stepping for 10 untrained males. VO2 max values were 48.7 +/- 5.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 (mean +/- sd). The time to exhaustion during stepping at 80 per cent VO2 max (38.82 +/- 17.83 min) provided an additional measure of endurance fitness. The per cent VO2 max at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM was correlated significantly with endurance time (rho = 0.75, P less than 0.05). These results show that a submaximal step test can be used to determine oxygen uptake and per cent VO2 max at a reference blood lactate concentration. However, for this group of subjects, per cent VO2 max at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM showed only a modest correlation with endurance.
B Cell Lymphoma: A Case With Localized Involvement of the Prostate on F-18-FDG Examination
Authors: Veronica Solis, Ronald J. Rosenberg, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

An 80-year-old man had symptoms of urinary retention. Biopsy of the prostate revealed B cell lymphoma. To evaluate the extent of the disease, an F-18 FDG study was performed with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT). One hour after intravenous administration of 18.5 mCi F-18 FDG, imaging was carried out from the skull base to the upper thigh. An area of moderately increased activity was noted within the prostate bed. A noncontrast CT, for attenuation correction and anatomic localization, revealed maintenance of fat planes around the prostate, indicating disease localized to that organ. Hence, a B cell lymphoma had been localized to the prostate.
Abstract 2772: 2’-5’oligoadenylate synthetase polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer: Effect modified by age and race
Authors: Sanjay K. Mandal, Fisseha Abebe, Jaideep Chaudhary
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: 2’ -5’ -oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 OAS1) is an antiviral gene that converts ATP to a series of (2-5A). 2-5A promotes dimerization of latent ribonuclease (RNASE L) to form catalytically active RNASEL, a candidate hereditary prostate cancer gene. Thus a defect in OAS1 can not only attenuate RNASEL function, but can also alter cell growth and apoptosis independent of RNASEL. OAS1 polymorphism (rs2660) has been associated with increased disease susceptibility and viral infection like, HCV, West Nile virus infection, SARS, diabetes and MS. The AA genotype, known to have lower enzymatic activity promotes disease susceptibility whereas GG genotype with higher enzyme activity confers protection. In the present study we investigated this functional polymorphism (rs2660) in OAS1 in a large prostate cohort. Methods: Genomic DNA from Buffy coat samples was used from age matched controls (n=140) and prostate cancer patients (n=164) who had undergone prostatectomy for genotyping. Information regarding age, race, and cancer stage were available for all samples. PCR-RFLP, followed by direct sequencing was used for genotyping. SNPs rs2660, rs1131454 and rs34137742 were genotyped on all samples. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 test and logistic regression model with NCSS software. Results: The rs2660 genotype distribution is summarized in table 1. Genotype AA increases the risk of prostate cancer by 61%. Prostate cancer incidence increases with age, however when combined with rs2660 genotype AA the odds of prostate cancer incidence are higher.SNPs rs1131454 and rs34137742 were not associated with prostate cancer. Conclusion: OAS1 SNP rs2660 AA genotype is significantly associated with prostate cancer whereas GG genotype protects against prostate cancer. The effect of this genotype distribution was more profound in African American population as compared to Caucasians. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2772. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2772
A double isotope technique for the evaluation of drug action on gastric evacuation and small bowel propulsion studied in the rat
Authors: F. Nilsson, H. Johansson
Journal: Gut (1973)

A method to measure simultaneously gastric evacuation and small bowel propulsion in the rat is presented. The value of the method in testing drug action is described. The effect of an antidiarrhoeal agent, diphenoxylate, was analysed and it was shown that it retarded small bowel propulsion without influencing gastric evacuation.
Characterization of human platelet vasopressin receptors.
Authors: M Thibonnier, J M Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Using tritiated arginine-8-vasopressin [3H]AVP, vasopressin-specific binding sites were detected on human platelet membranes. One class of high-affinity binding sites was characterized with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.01 +/- 0.06 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 100 +/- 10 fmol/mg of protein (n = 12). Highly significant correlations were found between the relative agonistic (r = 0.87, P = 0.002) or antagonistic (r = 0.99, P = 0.007) vasopressor activities of a series of 13 AVP structural analogues and their relative abilities to inhibit [3H]AVP binding to platelet receptors whereas no such relationship existed when antidiuretic activities were considered (r = 0.28, P = 0.47). AVP did not stimulate cyclic AMP production of human platelets; on the contrary, high AVP concentrations (10(-6) M) inhibited cyclic AMP production measured in basal and prostaglandin E1-stimulated conditions. AVP caused intact platelet aggregation with a half-maximal aggregation (EC50) of 28 +/- 2 nM. This effect was more potently reversed by the specific vascular antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (pA2 = 8.10 +/- 0.23) than by the specific renal antagonist d(CH2)5IleuAlaAVP (pA2 = 6.67 +/- 0.12). The pA2 values of these two antagonists in platelets are in close agreement with the pKi values obtained in competition experiments (respectively 8.59 and 6.93) and with pA2 values reported in the literature for their in vivo antivasopressor activity (respectively 8.62 and 6.03). The observation that human platelets bear AVP receptors belonging to the vascular class suggests that platelet receptors can be used to further explore the role of vasopressin in cardiovascular homeostasis.
The Compleat Obstetrician
Authors: Keith P. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

AN IMPORTANT FUNCTION of the chairman of any AMA section is considered to be the duty, or prerogative, of bringing significant findings or observations to the attention of his section in the form of a chairman's address. An analysis of this function has led me to a study of the "compleat" obstetrician-gynecologist and his role in the dynamic and ever-changing flow of events affecting our specialty. Even a cursory examination of obstetrics-gynecology as it exists today impresses one with the wide range of its influence in the structure of medicine from both professional and organizational standpoints. Few, if any, specialties are as intimately involved in the course of human events as our specialty. The obstetrician by the nature of his practice is daily concerned with what are popularly considered "acts of God," and the gynecologist is becoming increasingly involved with care of the female "senior citizen." From preconceptional therapy in
Jaundice and lethargy in a 26 year old man
Authors: A. Johnson, W. Mills
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A white 26 year old man, who had previously been fit and well, was referred to the on-call medical team by his general practitioner. The general practitioner provided the results of the patient’s blood tests and described breathlessness on climbing stairs, increasing fatigue, and the appearance of jaundice over the previous week. The patient had no history of cough, upper respiratory tract infection, or sore throat. His appetite remained healthy, his weight was stable, and he denied any fever or night sweats. He was not on medication before the illness and he had no relevant travel history. On examination, he was pale and his skin and sclera were jaundiced. His temperature was 36.7°C, pulse 87 beats/min, blood pressure 144/76 mm Hg, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 100% on air. Abdominal examination showed an enlarged spleen of 4 cm, but no hepatomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Respiratory, cardiac, and neurological examinations were normal. Laboratory tests showed haemoglobin 80 g/L (reference range 130-180), red blood cells 2.52×1012/L (4.50-6.50), mean cell volume 89.4 fL (80-98), white cell count 15.4×109/L (4.0-11.0), reticulocyte count 315×109/L (20-100), platelets 211×109/L (150-400), bilirubin 44 µmol/L (<17), aspartate transaminase 44 IU/L (5-35), lactate dehydrogenase 722 IU/L (125-243), and haptoglobin <0.08 g/L (0.27-1.39). Urinalysis detected no bilirubin and raised urinary urinobilinogen. A blood film showed lymphocytosis with reactive lymphocytes, spherocytosis, and increased polychromasia.
α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase as a Tissue Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mark A. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Molecular profiling of prostate cancer has led to the identification of candidate biomarkers and regulatory genes. Discoveries from these genome-scale approaches may have applicability in the analysis of diagnostic prostate specimens.To determine the expression and clinical utility of alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), a gene identified as being overexpressed in prostate cancer by global profiling strategies.Four gene expression data sets from independent DNA microarray analyses were examined to identify genes expressed in prostate cancer (n = 128 specimens). A lead candidate gene, AMACR, was validated at the transcript level by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and at the protein level by immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis. AMACR levels were examined using prostate cancer tissue microarrays in 342 samples representing different stages of prostate cancer progression. Protein expression was characterized as negative (score = 1), weak (2), moderate (3), or strong (4). Clinical utility of AMACR was evaluated using 94 prostate needle biopsy specimens.Messenger RNA transcript and protein levels of AMACR; sensitivity and specificity of AMACR as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer in needle biopsy specimens.Three of 4 independent DNA microarray analyses (n = 128 specimens) revealed significant overexpression of AMACR in prostate cancer (P<.001). AMACR up-regulation in prostate cancer was confirmed by both RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an increased expression of AMACR in malignant prostate epithelia relative to benign epithelia. Tissue microarrays to assess AMACR expression in specimens consisting of benign prostate (n = 108 samples), atrophic prostate (n = 26), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 75), localized prostate cancer (n = 116), and metastatic prostate cancer (n = 17) demonstrated mean AMACR protein staining intensity of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.40), 2.33 (95% CI, 2.13-2.52), 2.67 (95% CI, 2.52-2.81), 3.20 (95% CI, 3.10-3.28), and 2.50 (95% CI, 2.20-2.80), respectively (P<.001). Pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant differences in staining intensity between clinically localized prostate cancer compared with benign prostate tissue, with mean expression scores of 3.2 and 1.3, respectively (mean difference, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.1; P<.001). Using moderate or strong staining intensity as positive (score = 3 or 4), evaluation of AMACR protein expression in 94 prostate needle biopsy specimens demonstrated 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting prostate cancer.AMACR was shown to be overexpressed in prostate cancer using independent experimental methods and prostate cancer specimens. AMACR may be useful in the interpretation of prostate needle biopsy specimens that are diagnostically challenging.
Protein S Confers Neuronal Protection During Ischemic/Hypoxic Injury in Mice
Authors: Dong Liu, Huang Guo, John H. Griffin, Jose A. Fernández, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Protein S is an antithrombotic factor that also exhibits mitogenic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that protein S may control cerebrovascular thrombosis in stroke and protect brain tissue from ischemic injury. Methods and Results— We studied protein S in a murine in vivo model of stroke and an in vitro model of neuronal hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Animals received purified human plasma–derived protein S or vehicle intravenously 10 minutes after initiation of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Protein S at 0.2 to 2 mg/kg significantly improved the motor neurological deficit by 3.8- to 3.2-fold and reduced infarction and edema volumes by 45% to 54% and 45% to 62%, respectively. Protein S at 2 mg/kg improved postischemic cerebral blood flow by 21% to 26% and reduced brain fibrin deposition and infiltration with neutrophils by 40% and 53%, respectively. Intracerebral bleeding was not observed with protein S. Protein S protected ischemic neurons in vivo and cultured neurons from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Recombinant human protein S exerted protective effects from hypoxia-induced damage similar to the plasma-derived protein S both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions— Protein S is a significant neuroprotectant during ischemic brain injury with direct effects on neurons and antithrombotic effects. Thus, protein S could be a prototype of a new class of agents for clinical stroke with combined direct neuronal protective effects and systemic antithrombotic and antiinflammatory activities.
Pre-excitation and mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: D Krikler, P Curry, K Kafetz
Journal: BMJ (1976)

on their own.The treated group were given oxyphenbutazone 250 mg twice daily in a suppository and had their legs bandaged with Lohmann's Dauerbinde (strong, or krdftig) for 14 days after the operation.Both legs were bandaged from toe to knee immediately after operation.The bandages were 10-or 12-cm wide, depending on the size of the patient's feet and legs.They were changed twice daily, or more often if necessary, and were worn at night.The bandaging significantly increased the velocity of the venous blood.2Blood coagulation, blood in faeces, white cell count, packed cell volume, and electrolytes were recorded for 18 days postoperatively to detect any adverse reaction to treatment, especially to oxyphenbutazone.Ascending phlebography4 was performed 14 days or more postoperatively, or earlier when indicated clinically.The average was 19 days.Altogether 18 patients developed deep vein thrombosis.Of these, 5 were in the treated group (5127) and 13 were controls (13/23).The difference was significant (P<001) according to Fischer's exact statistical test.No thrombosis in the treated group advanced beyond the popliteal fossa.No pulmonary emboli appeared in either group.One patient developed a rash, which disappeared after the withdrawal of oxyphenbutazone.No other side effects were noted.No change in the coagulation time was found.
Medline for Health Professionals: How to Search PubMed on the Internet
Authors: Mary Graves Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 March 1999Medline for Health Professionals: How to Search PubMed on the InternetMary Graves Johnson, MLS, MPhilMary Graves Johnson, MLS, MPhilOregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon. (Johnson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hutchinson DB. 170 pages. Sacramento, CA: New Wind; 1998. $29.95. ISBN 0965141268. Order phone 916-451-9039.Field of medicine: Medical informatics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians, researchers, educators, and students.Purpose: To provide a guide to searching MEDLINE.Content: Nine short initial chapters introduce PubMed, describe its main features and access points, and provide exercises and tutorials. Four appendices give a succinct guide to how medical information is classified and stored, covering the National Library of Medicine, other medical and nursing databases, Internet resources, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms).Highlights: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 contain the key teaching segments, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon. (Johnson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 6Page: 540KeywordsComputer softwareDatabasesExerciseHealth careHealth information technologyHealth services researchInformation retrievalInternetLibrariesMedical communications ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Legal hazards of surgical paediatric practice.
Authors: R B Zachary
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Some of the common legal hazards of surgery are more likely to arise in the paediatric age group, whereas others occur less frequently than in the surgery of adults.There can be few surgeons who have not had brought to their attention time and time again the risks of operating on the wrong patient or the wrong side or of doing the wrong operation, and the specific advice issued by the Medical Defence Union has been widely publicized in many hospitals in Britain.The difficulties of ensuring that the right patient comes to the operating theatre are somewhat greater in the case of small children who are unable to give to the porter or the anaesthetist their correct names.It is, of course, for this reason that the name band has been widely adopted, and if it is put on correctly it is exceedingly difficult for the child himself or for another child to take it off.If it is put on too slackly, however, it is not unknown for another inquisitive child in the ward to pull off the name band, substitute his own, and, to add to the confusion, change the bedboards around.An adult, unless heavily sedated, can often indicate what his problem is and which side needs doing, but extra precautions are needed in the case of a child who is unable to give this information.On the other hand, the paediatric surgeon is less at risk with regard to leaving implements and swabs inside the abdomen, for in most surgery of infancy there is not enough room for an instrument.Moreover, surgical technique must not be so crude as to allow large quantities of blood to soak into a swab and so make it more susceptible to loss.
A TONSIL SNARE.
Authors: J. A. PRATT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In presenting this tonsil snare to the profession I wish to recommend its simplicity, strength, lightness and cheapness. The instrument consists of three parts: The shaft, with handle, the stylet and the tip. In place of the straight tip the different size Vedder tips can be used, all of which are easily taken apart and cleaned. Wire from Nos. 5 to 8 can be used. The instrument weighs four ounces. After the tonsil is dissected free from the pillars and the loop is passed over it to the base, by a slight pull on the ring in the end of the stylet the loop is drawn tight and the set-screw is twirled down by the finger setting the loop. The tonsil can now be quickly and easily ecrased.
Alcohol availability and alcoholism
Authors: S. Bondy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

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Is It Feasible and Desirable to Collect Voluntarily Quality and Outcome Data Nationally in Palliative Oncology Care?
Authors: David C. Currow, Kathy Eagar, Samar Aoun, Dave Fildes, Patsy Yates, Linda J. Kristjanson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Hospice/palliative care is a critical component of cancer care. In Australia, more than 85% of people referred to specialized hospice/palliative care services (SHPCS) have a primary diagnosis of cancer, and 60% of people who die from cancer will be referred to SHPCS. The Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration (PCOC) is an Australian initiative that allows SHPCS to collect nationally agreed-upon measures to better understand quality, safety, and outcomes of care. This article describes data (October 2006 through September 2007) from the first 22 SHPCS, with more than 100 inpatient admissions annually. Data include phase of illness, place of discharge, and, at each transition in place of care, the person's functional status, dependency, and symptom scores. Data are available for 5,395 people for 6,379 admissions. After categorizing by phase of illness and dependency, there remain at the end of each admission 12-fold differences (mean, 26%; range, 4% to 52%) in the percentage of patients who became stable after an unstable phase; seven-fold differences (mean, 22%; range, 6% to 41%) in the percentage of patients with improved symptom scores, five-fold differences (mean, 25%; range, 12% to 64%) in discharge back to the community, four-fold differences (mean, 10%; range, 4% to 16%) in improved function, and three-fold differences in the length of stay (mean, 14 days; range, 6 to 19 days). PCOC shows it is feasible to collect quality national palliative care outcome data voluntarily. Variations in outcomes justify continued enrollment of services. Benchmarking should include all patients whose cancer will cause death and explore observed variations.