tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying and ultrasonographic assessment of antral area: relation to appetite.
Authors: K Hveem, K L Jones, B E Chatterton, M Horowitz
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound measurement of gastric emptying has potential advantages over scintigraphy, but there is little information about its accuracy. AIMS: The relation between ultrasonographic measurements of antral area and (a) scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of liquids (b) postprandial satiation, were evaluated. SUBJECTS: Seven normal volunteers were studied. METHOD: Each subject drank 75 g dextrose dissolved in 350 ml of water (300 kcal) or beef soup (20 kcal), both labelled with technetium-99m sulphur colloid on separate days and had measurement of gastric emptying by scintigraphy and ultrasound. RESULTS: Scintigraphic and ultrasound 50% emptying times (T50s) were comparable and longer (p &lt; 0.001) for dextrose than soup mean (SEM) (dextrose 107 (16) min v 108 (18) min, soup 24 (4) min v 23 (5) min). There were close correlations between scintigraphic and ultrasound T50s (dextrose r = 0.94, p &lt; 0.005, soup r = 0.97, p &lt; 0.001) and between the time at which the distal stomach content decreased from its maximum value by 50% (measured scintigraphically) and the ultrasound T50 (dextrose r = 0.95, p &lt; 0.005, soup r = 0.99, p &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant relation between the distal stomach content when expressed as a percentage of the maximum content in the total stomach and the ultrasound T50. After dextrose, fullness was related (r = 0.92, p &lt; 0.01) to the postprandial increase in antral area measured by ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound measurements of gastric emptying are: (a) of comparable sensitivity to scintigraphy in quantifying emptying of both low and high nutrient liquids (b) correlate with postprandial satiation, suggesting that the latter may be mediated by antral distension.
Half a million children a year die of AIDS through lack of drugs
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Over half a million children die from AIDS each year for want of drugs that cost as little as 2p a day, leading campaign groups have said.

Almost two and a half million children worldwide are infected with HIV, but over 95% of them are not treated for their condition and most will die before their fifth birthday, says the Global Movement for Children.

“The lack of treatment amounts to a death sentence for millions of children,” said Dean Hirsch, chairman of this coalition of non-governmental organisations, which includes Oxfam and Unicef.

Mr Hirsch, …
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Actively Menstruating Women
Authors: Scott H. McCallister
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 November 1993Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Actively Menstruating WomenScott H. McCallister, MD, Daniel L. Lips, MD, and Thomas J. Linnemeier, MDScott H. McCallister, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Daniel L. Lips, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Thomas J. Linnemeier, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The use of systemic thrombolytic agents is widely accepted as standard therapy for acute myocardial infarction. A history of active bleeding is appropriately considered a contraindication, and many clinicians equate menstrual bleeding with active bleeding. However, because most clinical trials have excluded women of childbearing age, the use of thrombolytic agents during menstruation has not been clearly defined. We report the successful use of systemic thrombolytic therapy in an actively menstruating woman with acute myocardial infarction.A 43-year-old woman came to the emergency room with a 4-hour history of chest pain, and an electrocardiogram showed evidence of ...References1. Conti CR. Is menstruation a contraindication to thrombolytic therapy? Clin Cardiol. 1992; 15:625-6. Google Scholar2. de Gregorio B, Goldstein J, Haft JI. Administration of intracoronary streptokinase during menstruation. Am Heart J. 1985; 109:908-10. Google Scholar3. Chop WM, Evans PJ, Felty K. Thrombolytic therapy during active menstruation: a case report. J Family Pract. 1991; 33:79-81. Google Scholar4. Donovan BC. How to give thrombolytic therapy safely. Chest. 1989; 95:290S-292S. Google Scholar5. Topol EJ. Thrombolytic therapy in acute MI: safe during menses? J Crit Illness. 1992; 7:14. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCan We Provide Reperfusion Therapy to All Unselected Patients Admitted With Acute Myocardial Infarction?Treating menstruating women with thrombolytic therapy: Insights from the global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO-I) trial 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 955KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionCatheterizationClinical trialsCoronary angioplastyElectrocardiographyEmergency departmentHemoglobinHemorrhageResearch laboratoriesSafety Issue Published: 1 November 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Surgical Care, Morbidity, Mortality and Follow-up after Nephrectomy for Renal Cancer with Extension of Tumor Thrombus into the Inferior Vena Cava: Retrospective Study Since 1990s
Authors: Jérôme Rigaud, Jean-François Hetet, Guillaume Braud, Simon Battisti, Loïc Le Normand, Pascal Glemain, Georges Karam, Olivier Bouchot
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Canadian doctors question marijuana for medicinal use
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Seven patients with Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) were treated with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus and followed for a median of 22.4 months. They were compared with 12 historical untreated RE patients (median follow-up 13.9 months). The tacrolimus-treated patients had a superior outcome regarding neurologic function and progression rate of cerebral hemiatrophy but no better seizure outcome. No treated patient, but 7 of 12 control patients, became eligible for hemispherectomy. Tacrolimus did not have any major side effects.
Serum copper and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J C Banford, D H Brown, R A Hazelton, C J McNeil, R D Sturrock, W E Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Serum copper and thiol levels an caeruloplasmin activity were determined and compared with measurements of articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and zinc and haemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Superoxide dismutase activity, thiol, zinc, and copper levels of haemolysate were measured and compared with each other and to the above parameters. In serum, caeruloplasmin activity increased and thiol levels decreased, whereas in the haemolysate superoxide dismutase activity decreased and thiol levels increased. It is suggested that the changes in copper levels and in the activities of process which may be copper-dependent between plasma and cytosol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis reflect a change in oxidative status of the blood which may have implications in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in hyperpnea-induced constriction in guinea pigs.
Authors: T Nagase, E Ohga, H Katayama, E Sudo, T Aoki, T Matsuse, Y Ouchi, Y Fukuchi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

It has been reported that hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs is a potential model for exercise-induced asthma in humans. We hypothesized that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) could modulate leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced responses and be involved in the pathophysiology in this asthma model. We measured tracheal (Ptr) and alveolar pressure (PA) using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated (f = 1 Hz, VT = 9 ml/kg, PEEP = 4 cm H2O) guinea pigs. Animals were intravenously pretreated with saline (SAL), CGRP(8-37) (CGRP receptor antagonist), CGRP, MK-571 (LTD4 receptor antagonist), MK-886 (5-lipoxygenase inhibitor), or CGRP(8-37) + MK-571, and then underwent dry gas hyperpnea challenge (HC, 95% 02-5% CO2, 150 breaths/min, 7 min). We calculated resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw). HC increased RL, Rti, and Raw in SAL controls (322 +/- 27, 430 +/- 59, 299 +/- 23% baseline, respectively). MK-571, MK-886, and CGRP significantly reduced the responses to HC, while CGRP(8-37) enhanced HC-induced responses. Pretreatment with CGRP(8-37) and MK-571 in combination attenuated HC-induced constriction. In addition, pretreatment with CGRP reduced responses induced by intravenous administration of LTD4. These observations suggest that CGRP might be involved in the pathophysiology of hyperpnea-induced constriction in guinea pigs via modulation of LTD4-elicited responses.
Calcification and Ossification in Rectal Malignant Processes
Authors: Stephen Engel
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Calcification and ossification of carcinomatous lesions of the large intestine are rare. The authors studied 11 such cases drawn from a review of the pathologic specimens, gross and microscopic, of carcinomatous lesions of the colon and rectum seen thus far at the Mayo Clinic. Seven of the cases showed calcification and 4 showed ossification, in contrast to reports in the literature in which only 1 of 18 showed calcification. The presence of calcification and ossification did not seem to change the pattern of rectal malignant processes. However, both this series and reports in the literature demonstrate a preponderance of patients who were younger than those who had nonossified lesions.
564. Correction of Hyposialylation in Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy, by Ex-Vivo Therapy
Authors: Zoé Coulombe, Dominic Gagné, Jacques P. Tremblay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by a late onset of muscle weakness in upper and lower limbs with sparing of quadriceps and accumulation of vacuoles and amyloid deposits in muscle tissues. Recently, HIBM was associated with mutations of the UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene, located on chromosome 9. This bi-functional enzyme is responsible of the synthesis and regulation of sialic acid, the most common monosaccharide in glycoconjugated molecules of eukaryotes. It is known that sialic acids are important in a lot of cellular functions. Mutations have been identified in both domains of GNE, and in compound heterozygous form. One of the most prevalent mutations in HIBM (M712T) is located in the kinase domain of GNE. The presence of this mutation reduce the GNE enzymatic activity and thus the sialylation in muscles. Although reduced activity is found among mutated GNE gene, the process that causes muscular pathology is not yet understood. There is probability inadequate sialylation or hyposialylation of important functional proteins in HIBM muscles that causes the pathology. To investigate possible therapies of HIBM a knock-in mouse model has been produced by Dr. D. Darvish (Encino, CA). The model contain a GNE gene with the M712T mutation frequently found in HIBM patients. A possible therapy of HIBM is to restore in muscle fibers a normal GNE activity by gene therapy. This could be done by genetically modifying the patient own myoblasts before an autologous transplantation. Myoblasts were grown from normal mouse muscle biopsies and from homozygous knock-in M172T GNE mice. The level of sialylation of these myoblasts was determined by flowcytometry following labelling of the cells with FITC coupled lectins (Limax flavus lectin LFA or MAA). The level of sialylation was found to be inferior on the homozygous M712T mouse myoblasts. We then produced SIN lentiviral vector containing either the normal GNE gene or the mutated M712T GNE gene. The homozygous M712T mouse myoblasts were infected or not with a lentivirus containing the normal GNE gene or the M712T mutated gene. The cells were then selected and proliferated. The level of sialylation was increased following the viral infection with both viral vectors. The level of sialylation was increased up to 2 folds by the lentivirus containing the normal GNEgene. A 1.3 to 1.5 increased level of sialylation was also observed following lentiviral infection of myoblasts grown from a muscle biopsy of an HIBM patient also affected by the M712T mutation. In the future, intramuscular transplantation of the genetically modified myoblasts will be made in the muscles of homozygous M712T mice. Major stock holder in CellGene Inc.
Genetic variation at the IRF7/PHRF1 locus is associated with autoantibody profile and serum interferon activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: R. Salloum, B. S. Franek, S. N. Kariuki, L. Rhee, R. A. Mikolaitis, M. Jolly, T. O. Utset, T. B. Niewold
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective Interferon α (IFNα) is a heritable risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Genetic variation near IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is implicated in SLE susceptibility.SLE-associated autoantibodies can stimulate IFNα production through the Toll-like receptor/IRF7 pathway.The authors hypothesised that variants of IRF7 may cause risk of SLE by increasing IFNα production, and that autoantibodies may be important in this phenomenon.
Modeling Cardiovascular Disease Prevention—Reply
Authors: Aroon D. Hingorani
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Operative treatment of typhoid perforation with peritoneal irrigation: a comparative study.
Authors: O A Badejo, A O Arigbabu
Journal: Gut (1980)

Two hundred and ten cases of typhoid enteritis were seen and treated in Ife, Nigeria, between 1972 and June 1979. A comparative analysis was made between those treated conservatively and surgically. A new and hitherto undescribed method of approach, peritoneal irrigation after surgery, was used in 180 patients. The results obtained have convinced us that all cases of typhoid must be promptly and adequately resuscitated, operated, drained, and irrigated.
The Effect of Infective Exacerbations on Sleep and Neurobehavioral Function in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Catherine J. Dobbin, Delwyn Bartlett, Kerri Melehan, Ronald R. Grunstein, Peter T. P. Bye
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) are susceptible to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, arousal from sleep, and neurobehavioral impairment. Objectives: We hypothesized that pulmonary exacerbations would adversely affect sleep and neurobehavioral performance. Methods: Patients with exacerbations (cases) had sleep studies and neurobehavioral testing before and after inpatient intravenous therapy. Adults with stable CF underwent the same testing procedures (control subjects). Measurements and Main Results: When clinically stable, cases and control subjects had similar lung function, intelligence, and body mass index. Among cases, treatment of an exacerbation improved lung function, quality of life, mood, sleepiness, and activation. Cases spent more time awake after sleep onset (p = 0.02), less time in REM sleep (p = 0.03), and were more hypoxemic than control subjects when unwell. The severity of hypoxemia correlated with lung function. On admission, cases had slower throughput than control subjects in the serial addition and subtraction task (cases, 16 ± 4, vs. control subjects, 17 ± 3; F[1, 36] = 5.15, p = 0.03) and a slower response time on the digit symbol substitution task (F[1, 36] = 11.91, p = 0.001), which persisted after treatment (F[1, 36] = 8.48, p = 0.006). Cases experienced significant improvements in sleep efficiency, amount of REM sleep, and hypoxia with treatment. Their performance in the serial addition and subtraction task, psychomotor vigilance task, and simulated driving task also improved with treatment. Sex modified the effect of an exacerbation on some aspects of performance. Conclusions: Exacerbations of lung disease in adults with CF adversely affect sleep and tests of neurobehavioral performance regardless of underlying disease severity. The implications for performance in daily life need further evaluation because patients often delay admission to hospital to fulfill study or work commitments.
Greed isn't good
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I have realised that I am not middle class enough to call myself a socialist and that capitalism does work to drive production. Indeed there is plenty of scope for efficiency savings in the NHS’s £100bn (€120bn; $160bn) annual budget without a loss of function. So should we welcome healthcare reforms that offer more competition? Soon general practice consortiums will commission services from any “willing provider,” and foundation trust status will be given to all hospital trusts, willing or otherwise. All this will be overseen by a new economic regulator.

The government’s rationale on commissioning is simple. …
Creative destruction in the NHS
Authors: Chris Ham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The prime minister gambles that more pain will result in greater gain 

W hen the prime minister makes two major interventions in the NHS in the space of a week, it is a sure sign that the problems of the NHS have reached the top of the government's agenda. In the second of these interventions, a speech to the New Health Network Clinician Forum, Tony Blair rehearsed the progress made in improving the performance of the NHS and argued that a “crunch point” had been reached in its reform.

The crunch point has arisen, in his words, as part of the transition from the application of “necessarily crude and blunt instruments of centralised performance management and targets” to the use of market-like incentives “to make reform self sustaining.”1 In recognition of the challenges involved in making this transition, the prime minister's message was that he and his government intend to hold their nerve and see the process of change through, even if this means bearing the short term political costs.

To many NHS staff struggling to deal with financial deficits and to implement …
Tonsillectomy study must not lead to unnecessary increase in surgery, expert says
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers have claimed that a randomised controlled trial of 86 patients in Finland has shown that tonsillectomy is useful for some people with recurrent pharyngitis.1 But the study has been criticised as being too small to be meaningful.

Terence Stephenson, Nuffield professor of child health, University College London, said that the study should not be used to go back to the days when 200 000 children had their tonsils taken out each year for no clinical reason. 

Researchers from the Finnish universities of Oulu and Tampere …
909 USEFULNESS OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN (CDT), ACCORDING TO THE SEVERITY OF LIVER FIBROSIS, IN 2227 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: E. Terrebonne, J. Foucher, P.H. Bernard, J. Vergniol, E. Chanteloup, B. Fleury, L. Castera, W. Merrouche, P. Couzigou, V. de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Associative learning: Stimulus arrangement and response consistency
Authors: Dieter Vaitl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Studies on associative learning in normals and patients need appropriate dependent measures which are sensitive enough to reflect stimulus-specific responses and also consider the context in which the conditioning takes place. Patient's fear responses, once acquired, seem to be maintained by specific cognitive biases such as individual belief systems and a tendency to stay consistent with their previous judgments.
Editorial: The continuing search: FDA drug information survey
Authors: R. H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1974)

On May 8, 1974, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bureau of Drugs published the final report of "Survey of Drug Information Needs and Problems Associated With Communications Directed to Practicing Physicians." It is a fascinating document. It would seem that the FDA has accepted (assumed?) a broader mandate than many of us anticipated in its capacity as a regulatory agency. The report states: The Food and Drug Administration's Bureau of Drugs is responsible for a wide range of activities designed to insure that prescription drugs are<i>safely prescribed and used</i>, and appropriately advertised. The scope of these activities include FDA consideration of drug efficacy, quality, safety and labeling [italics added]. The breadth of implication in this statement lends itself to speculation about how the FDA might go about ensuring "safe prescription and use." But the thrust of this document indicates that the FDA is concerned with<i>educating physicians about</i>
MEDICAL SUPERVISION OF FACTORY EMPLOYEES
Authors: W. IRVING CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The modern factory is an epitome of human effort. So much depends on the physical condition of the men employed that it is curious that only recently has the employee received any attention. A change of this condition is now rapidly taking place, and more and more attention is being paid to the man problem. In most factories this attention has taken the form of improved sanitary and working conditions and care of accidents. Natural progress toward increased efficiency, as well as recent compensation laws, is exerting pressure along new lines, and a scientific study of the physical condition of employees in sickness and health would seem to be the next step. The problem has been worked out in a superficial way during the past year by a manufacturing plant in Worcester, Mass.,<sup>1</sup>employing about 1,200 men and women, the men greatly predominating. The methods employed and the results
Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases Mediate Phosphatidylcholine Diversification to Achieve the Physical Properties Required In Vivo
Authors: Takeshi Harayama, Miki Eto, Hideo Shindou, Yoshihiro Kita, Eiji Otsubo, Daisuke Hishikawa, Satoshi Ishii, Kenji Sakimura, Masayoshi Mishina, Takao Shimizu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)