tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"I don't like Mondays"---day of the week of coronary heart disease deaths in Scotland: study of routinely collected data
Authors: C. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A recent study in Moscow reported higher cardiovascular mortality on Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays and linked this to the Russian pattern of binge drinking. 1Other studies have reported an increased risk of cardiac events on Mondays, a peak on other days, or no significant weekly variation. 2We investigated the patterns of death from coronary heart disease by day of the week in the Scottish population and explored possible links with patterns of alcohol consumption.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Early Coronary Death-Reply
Authors: Roger R. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Ravenholt's respect for smoking as a modifiable risk factor for early coronary disease is shared by the authors of this article. In the "Comment" section of the<i>JAMA</i>article, we suggested a multiplicative interaction of cigarette smoking with family history. We noted in our report that two brothers with familial hypercholesterolemia had very different outcomes according to their smoking status. One who smoked died at age 32 years, and a nonsmoker died at age 45 years. Furthermore, we cited our prior published analysis suggesting magnified effects of cigarette smoking in high-risk families.<sup>1</sup> Unfortunately, Dr Ravenholt's conclusion that our four pioneer Utah males with the gene for familial hypercholesterolemia survived to ages 62, 68, 72, and 81 years primarily because they were nonsmokers is not supported by our data. Most of the 20 other males with familial hypercholesterolemia in recent generations were also nonsmokers and yet still
Eighteen Years of Fair Glycemic Control Preserves Cardiac Autonomic Function in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jakob R. Larsen, Hans Sjøholm, Tore J. Berg, Leiv Sandvik, Magne Brekke, Kristian F. Hanssen, Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To study the association between 18 years of mean HbA1c and cardiac autonomic function in type 1 diabetic patients having used intensive insulin treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 39 patients with type 1 diabetes were followed during 18 years, and HbA1c was measured yearly. At 18 years follow-up heart rate variability (HRV) measurements were used to assess cardiac autonomic function. Standard cardiac autonomic tests during normal breathing, deep breathing, the Valsalva maneuver, and the tilt test were performed. Maximal heart rate increase during exercise electrocardiogram and minimal heart rate during sleep were also used to describe cardiac autonomic function. RESULTS—We present the results for patients with mean HbA1c &amp;lt;8.4% (two lowest HbA1c tertiles) compared with those with HbA1c ≥8.4% (highest HbA1c tertile). All of the cardiac autonomic tests were significantly different in the high- and the low-HbA1c groups, and the most favorable scores for all tests were seen in the low-HbA1c group. In the low-HbA1c group, the HRV was 40% during deep breathing, and in the high-HbA1c group, the HRV was 19.9% (P = 0.005). Minimal heart rate at night was significantly lower in the low-HbA1c groups than in the high-HbA1c group (P = 0.039). With maximal exercise, the increase in heart rate was significantly higher in the low-HbA1c group compared with the high-HbA1c group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—Mean HbA1c during 18 years was associated with cardiac autonomic function. Cardiac autonomic function was preserved with HbA1c &amp;lt;8.4%, whereas cardiac autonomic dysfunction was impaired in the group with HbA1c ≥8.4%.
1166-214 Usefulness of a ventricular extrastimulus from the summit of the ventricular septum in diagnosis of septal accesory pathway
Authors: Takehiko Matsushita, Nitish Badhwar, Kathryn K Collins, George F Van Hare, Byron K Lee, Randall J Lee, Melvin M Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Controlled Crossover Study of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Insulin Infusion in Type I Diabetes
Authors: Mirjana Gulan, Kusiel Perlman, A Michael Albisser, Jane Pyper, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Various routes of insulin infusion have been utilized to improve metabolic control in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. To determine the relative effectiveness of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) systems of insulin-pump therapy, we studied five type I diabetic subjects aged 20–39 yr who were randomly assigned to a 3-mo period of either SC or IV insulin infusion and then crossed over to the alternate route for a similar period. After an initial 7- to 14-day period of in-hospital insulin-dose adjustment, all subjects were similarly followed as outpatients during both infusion periods, with a minimum of four daily preprandial self-measurements of blood glucose. Although the overall mean levels of blood glucose and HbA1c (116 ± 6 vs. 114 ± 5 mg/dl and 6.1 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.1% for the SC and IV systems, respectively) were similar, there was a greater incidence of low (&amp;lt; 50 mg/dl) and high (&amp;gt; 180 mg/dl) preprandial blood glucose readings during SC- than during IV-pump therapy (P &amp;lt; .05). Furthermore, the frequency of nocturnal and preprandial hypoglycemia was greater during SC-pump therapy (P &amp;lt; .05 and P &amp;lt; .02, respectively). Eight documented technical problems related to the pump and catheter occurred with the SC system, whereas 17 episodes occurred with the IV system. The number of episodes of ketosis (4 vs. 5 for SC and IV, respectively) was similar with both systems. The number of episodes of ketosis (4 vs. 5 for SC and IV, respectively) was similar with both systems. In summary, although similar degrees of near normalization of mean blood glucose levels can be achieved with both SC and IV insulin-pump therapy, less glycemic variability, in particular less hypoglycemia, occurs with the external IV infusion system. These observations provide continued rationale for the development of implantable insulin-delivery devices for insulin replacement in type I diabetes mellitus.
A family-based association study after genome-wide linkage analysis identified two genetic loci for renal function in a Mongolian population
Authors: Hansoo Park, Hyun-Jin Kim, Seungbok Lee, Yun Joo Yoo, Young Seok Ju, Jung Eun Lee, Sung-Il Cho, Joohon Sung, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun Seo
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

The estimated glomerular filtration rate is a well-known measure of renal function and is widely used to follow the course of disease. Although there have been several investigations establishing the genetic background contributing to renal function, Asian populations have rarely been used in these genome-wide studies. Here, we aimed to find candidate genetic determinants of renal function in 1007 individuals from 73 extended families of Mongolian origin. Linkage analysis found two suggestive regions near 9q21 (logarithm of odds (LOD) 2.82) and 15q15 (LOD 2.70). The subsequent family-based association study found 2 and 10 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each region, respectively. The strongest SNPs on chromosome 9 and 15 were rs17400257 and rs1153831 with P-values of 7.21 × 10(-9) and 2.47 × 10(-11), respectively. Genes located near these SNPs are considered candidates for determining renal function and include FRMD3, GATM, and SPATA5L1. Thus, we identified possible loci that determine renal function in an isolated Asian population. Consistent with previous reports, our study found genes linked and associated with renal function in other populations.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: G. H. Whiffle, H. B. Stone, B. M. Bernheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

The blood of closed duodenal loop dogs is not toxic to normal dogs. The blood of dogs that have been fatally poisoned with duodenal loop fluid is likewise non-toxic to normal dogs. The mucosa of closed or drained duodenal loops contains a toxic substance quite similar to the toxic material found in the lumen of the closed loops. This toxic substance is absorbed from the mucosa itself and not from the lumen of the drained loops. The same is probably true of the closed loops which have an intact mucosa. It seems highly probable that the poison is formed by the mucosa and is in great part absorbed directly from it by the blood. Normal intestinal mucosa contains no toxic substance nor can it neutralize in vitro the toxic substance produced in the closed loops. There is no evidence that the toxic material when given intravenously is excreted by the intestine or held by the intestinal mucosa in any demonstrable form. The toxic substance is not absorbed from the normal intestinal tract. Destruction of the mucosa in a closed loop by means of sodium fluoride prevents the formation of the toxic substance. This fact furnishes the final proof that the mucosa is the essential factor in the elaboration of the poisonous material.
Dynamic imaging of PEGylated indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes within the tumor microenvironment using multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT)
Authors: Nicolas Beziere, Neus Lozano, Antonio Nunes, Juan Salichs, Daniel Queiros, Kostas Kostarelos, Vasilis Ntziachristos
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Abstract 2424: DNA mismatch repair protein, PMS2, induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Shinichiro Fukuhara, Inik Chang, varahram shahryari, ankurpreet gill, darryn K. wong, soichiro yamamura, shahana majid, sharanjot saini, hiroshi hirata, koji ueno, gouren deng, laura Z. tabatabai, norio nonomura, rajvir dahiya, yuichiro tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies and ranks the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act as proofreading complexes that maintain the genomic integrity and MMR-deficient cells show an increased mutation rate. Recent studies have shown that MMR influences the regulation of tumor development in various cancers such as colon, ovarian and others, but their effect on prostate cancer growth has not been investigated thus far. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the post-meiotic segregation (PMS) 2 MMR gene on growth properties of prostate cancer cells. Expression of PMS2 was initially measured in normal and cancerous prostate cell lines by real-time PCR and western blotting. Cancerous cells displaying the lowest levels compared to normal cells was then transfected with PMS2. Gene effect on various cellular properties (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle assays) as well as growth in nude mice were determined. Of the various prostate cell lines, DU145 had dramatically reduced expression levels of PMS2 with little protein detected, whereas levels were high in normal prostate cells. Interestingly, over-expressing the PMS2 gene in DU145 cells decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest compared to vector control. PMS2 also inhibited DU145 cell tumor formation in animal models. These results demonstrate PMS2 to protect against prostate cancer progression and to have a functional role by affecting apoptosis and cell cycle of prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Shinichiro Fukuhara, Inik Chang, varahram shahryari, ankurpreet gill, darryn K. wong, soichiro yamamura, shahana majid, sharanjot saini, hiroshi hirata, koji ueno, gouren deng, laura Z. tabatabai, norio nonomura, rajvir dahiya, yuichiro tanaka. DNA mismatch repair protein, PMS2, induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2424. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2424
Alcohol and Memory: Amnesia and Short-Term Memory Function During Experimentally Induced Intoxication
Authors: JOHN S. TAMERIN, SHELDON WEINER, ROGER POPPEN, PETER STEINGLASS, JACK H. MENDELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

This study represents the first attempt to examine the alcoholic blackout during a sustained period of experimental intoxication. Thirteen male alcoholics with histories of blackouts drank large amounts of beverage alcohol for 12 to 14 days. Daily assessments of short-term memory and 24-hour recall were made. Short-term memory was significantly and progressively impaired with increasing levels of intoxication. Impairment of 24-hour recall was also related to level of intoxication on the preceding day. Blackouts occurred, particularly among subjects with impaired short-term memory function. Conversely, subjects with intact short-term memory had normal 24-hour recall.
Diarrhoea, dehydration, and drugs.
Authors: D C Candy
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) represents the spearhead of primary health care in developing countries where mortality from diarrhea is high.  Moreover its broad acceptance may increase receptivity to other interventions such as immunization.  The recommended treatment regimen for diarrheal dehydration includes intraveneous plasma or saline followed by oral fluids.  The total volume of fluid administered should be twice the estimated fluid deficit.  The addition of glycine or substitution of rice powder for glucose may reduce the stool volume and the duration of diarrhea as well as diminish nutritional deprivation.  Vomiting of rehydration fluid can be alleviated by giving the fluid in frequent small amounts.  Clinical trials of ORT have demostrated that antibiotics are generally unnecessary.  Loperamide seems to be the most effective antidiarrheal drug in the treatment of chronic diarrhea of varied etiology.  The pharmacological industry has an opportunity to make a major impact on world health through the development of other antidiarrheal drugs.
457 ABCB11 TRANSPORTER GENE VARIANT P.A444V AND GALLSTONE SUSCEPTIBILITY: A COMBINED ASSOCIATION AND AFFECTED SIB PAIR ANALYSIS
Authors: M. Krawczyk, M. Wolska, F. Grünhage, T. Sauerbruch, M. Acalovschi, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Scientists should inform public of risks of transgenic experimentation
Authors: R A Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The central problem is often poor design and conduct of trialsEditor-We are concerned about some aspects of the recent articles on consent. 1 2 Len Doyal claims that informed consent may not be necessary for three most vulnerable groups: young children, patients with learning difficulties, and unconscious or semiconscious patients.Yet young children (unlike all adult groups) have the protection of their parents' consent, and this should always be respected. 3 The other two groups show the limitations of applying Kantian respect for autonomy, designed for property owning 18th century gentlemen, to vulnerable dependent patients.There is an urgent need to agree new ways of making research decisions with and for these minority groups.As is usual in arguments against seeking informed consent, there is a tendency to concentrate on dramatic extremes: patients with severe mental impairment and patients receiving heroic cancer treatment.The development of principles from extremes is dangerous and should be discouraged.Difficulties with relatively small groups should not be used to excuse researchers from requesting the consent of the vast majority of the millions of people every year who help with research into mundane pharmaceutical trials of treatments of arthritis or everyday misery.A deeper problem with the articles is the assumption that consent is the central problem in research.We suggest that, more often, the central problem is the poor design and conduct of trials which alienate or distress people on whose practical support researchers depend.The solution here is not to tinker with consent but to clean up research.Health service users could help at every stage of clinical research: the selection of questions worth investigating; the design and conduct of trials, including the information materials; the interpretation and reporting of the evidence; dissemination; and working with practitioners to put findings into practice.Consumers for Ethics in Research has been working with health service users, researchers, and practitioners on these issues for the past eight years, partly through regular open meetings, during which many practical ideas have been advanced.
The Predictive Capabilities of Clinical Tests: The 6-Minute Walk
Authors: David H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —It seems that every couple of months an article is published in<i>JAMA</i>demonstrating the predictive capability of a simple clinical maneuver. The study of the 6-minute walk in patients with congestive heart failure by Bittner et al<sup>1</sup>is the most recent example. Studies of the ankle/arm blood pressure index<sup>2,3</sup>have also appeared recently. The articles tend to conclude that such strongly predictive maneuvers should be incorporated into clinical practice to help determine treatment of patients. I would suggest that clinicians consider three criteria before doing so. First, the amount of risk prediction. Both the relative risks (RRs) and absolute risks should be considered in light of clinical utility. Both measures can be deceiving. For example, an RR of 3, which would be considered important in etiologic epidemiologic studies, may not be clinically usefully if the absolute risks do not differentiate patients who might be
Local bodies should decide whether to fund homoeopathy, says government
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

England’s Department of Health has rejected demands to stop funding the use of homoeopathy in the NHS, saying that local primary care trusts should be left to make up their own minds as to whether the treatment is appropriate for their patients.

The decision has been branded as “shameful” by those opposed to the public funding of homoeopathy.

The move comes after the publication of a report in February this year by the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee that concluded that homoeopathy is a placebo treatment that deceives patients and could therefore damage the implicit trust between doctor and patient ( BMJ 2010;340:c1091, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1091).

The report said that a mismatch …
Skin fibroblast activity in pretibial myxoedema and the effect of octreotide (Sandostatin®) <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: G.C. PRIESTLEY, R.D. ALDRIDGE, P.J. SIME, D. WILSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the skin in pretibial myxoedema appears to be a response by local fibroblasts to a stimulating factor in the patient's serum, but the identity of the factor, its ability to stimulate skin fibroblasts as opposed to cultured thyroid cells, and the specificity of its effect to pretibial skin fibroblasts, are all controversial. We have studied fibroblasts cultured from the lesional skin of two women with pretibial myxoedema, and compared their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycans with those of fibroblasts from the patients' forearms and from the forearm skin of two normal subjects. We found that in the presence of the patients' sera all six lines of fibroblasts secreted more glycosaminoglycans [205±21% (SD)] than with normal human sera (147±19%), or fetal calf serum (100%). Fibroblast proliferation showed the same pattern of differences: patients' sera 142±22%; normal human sera 116±9%, and fetal calf serum 100%. These experiments confirm the presence of a serum factor in pretibial myxoedema which is capable of stimulating the activity of skin fibroblasts in vitro, and show that its effects are not restricted to fibroblasts from pretibial skin or to those grown from the skin of the patients. Proliferation of normal fibroblasts cultured in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum was reduced by Sandostatin® (octreotide), but it failed to inhibit their secretion of glycosaminoglycans. In contrast, secretion of glycosaminoglycans by a patient's pretibial skin fibroblasts was almost completely inhibited by 1 mM minoxidil. In the presence of patients' sera Sandostatin® (0.1–10 μg/ml) reduced secretion of glycosaminoglycans by about 50%. Our data support the use of Sandostatin® in pretibial myxoedema, and suggest that it may suppress fibroblast glycosaminogly- can secretion within the skin via depletion of insulin-like growth factor or the blocking of its effect.
Sleep and memory: Definitions, terminology, models, and predictions?
Authors: Jonathan K. Foster, Andrew C. Wilson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

In this target article, Walker seeks to clarify the current state of knowledge regarding sleep and memory. Walker's review represents an impressively heuristic attempt to synthesize the relevant literature. In this commentary, we question the focus on procedural memory and the use of the term “consolidation,” and we consider the extent to which empirically testable predictions can be derived from Walker's model.
Basal growth hormone levels in women are positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I independently of insulin-like growth factor 1 or insulin
Authors: Dietmar Bänsch, Changting Chen-Haudenschild, Astrid Dirkes-Kersting, Helmut Schulte, Gerd Assmann, Arnold von Eckardstein
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Restricting CPR to Patients Who Provide Informed Consent Will Not Permit Physicians to Unilaterally Refuse Requested CPR
Authors: Thaddeus Mason Pope
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Bishop and colleagues (2010) are rightly critical of presumed in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). But their analysis is plagued by a fundamental conflation. On the one hand, Bishop and...
Moscow meeting marks "beginning of a different WHO," says director general
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Health Organization’s global forum on meeting the challenge of non-communicable disease, held in Moscow this week, marks “the beginning of a different WHO,” said Margaret Chan, its director general, in closing the meeting.

WHO, she said, is “not an inclusive organisation.” It belongs to the member organisations, and if you are not a government you can’t have a seat at the table. WHO is “not a good way to hear all the voices.”

Yet the meeting made it clear that non-communicable diseases can be tackled only by including all parties, including civil organisations, patients’ …
Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in children from Chernobyl.
Authors: M R Quastel, J R Goldsmith, L Mirkin, S Poljak, Y Barki, J Levy, R Gorodischer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This study assesses parameters of thyroid function in persons who resided in Ukraine, Belarus, and southern Russia and exposed at 0 to 16 years of age to radioiodine contamination from the Chernobyl accident. Six to eight years after the accident a group of 300 young people who had immigrated to Israel were interviewed, underwent physical and ultrasound thyroid examination, and had their serum tested for thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin, and antithyroid antibodies. Comparative groups came from areas with high (>1 Ci/km2) or low (< 1 Ci/km2) 137Cs ground contamination. Girls from high contamination areas, when compared to girls from areas with low ground contamination, showed significant upward shifts in levels of serum TSH (p = 0.023) although remaining within normal limits. Boys showed no significant differences. There was no evidence for differences in thyroid size or nodularity between the two groups of girls. A working hypothesis is proposed by which the shift in TSH levels in girls from high radiocontamination areas was associated with subclinical radiation damage from environmental radioiodine at the time of the accident.