tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of the Dermal Barrier to Dye Spread after Hyaluronidase Injection
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters, E. J. Holborow, M. K. Keech
Journal: BMJ (1951)

HYALURONIDASE SKIN SPREADING EFFECT B hyaluronidase into scar tissue showed considerably greater spread than haemoglobin alone.Our findings suggest, therefore, that in dermatomyositis the hyal- uroniz component of the skin is either deficient or is unresponsive to testicular hyaluronidase.Summary A mnethod, using haemoglobin as indicator, of measuring the spreading effect of hyaluronidase in the skin on repeated occasions is described and its inherent variability assessed.This "spreading test" was performed in cases of rheu- matic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and connective-tissue disease.No significant difference was found in hyaluronidase spread in patients with acute rheumatic fever and in normal subjects.Hypersensitivity to the enzyme preparation develops readily; this limits the usefulness of the method.Significant inhibition of spread and of hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase occurs in the skin of rheumatic fever pa'tients under treatment with A.C.T.H.In dermatomyositis no significant spreading effect was observed with hyaluronidase.We would like to thank
Cellular Uncoupling During Ischemia in Hypertrophied and Failing Rabbit Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Lukas R. C. Dekker, Han Rademaker, Jessica T. Vermeulen, Tobias Opthof, Ruben Coronel, Jos A. E. Spaan, Michiel J. Janse
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Patients with heart failure show a very high incidence of arrhythmias and sudden death that is often preceded by ischemia; however, data on electrophysiological changes during ischemia in failing myocardium are sparse. We studied electrical uncoupling during ischemia in normal and failing myocardium.Tissue resistance, intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Indo-1 fluorescence ratio), and mechanical activity were simultaneously determined in arterially perfused right ventricular papillary muscles from 11 normal and 15 failing rabbits. Heart failure was induced by combined volume and pressure overload. Before sustained ischemia, muscles were subjected to control perfusion (non-PC) or ischemic preconditioning (PC). The onset of uncoupling during ischemia was equal in non-PC normal (13.6+/-0.9 minutes of ischemia) and non-PC failing hearts (13.3+/-0.7 minutes of ischemia). PC postponed uncoupling in normal hearts by 10 minutes. In failing hearts, however, PC caused a large variability in the onset of uncoupling during ischemia (mean, 12.2+/-2.1; range, 5 to 22 minutes of ischemia). The duration of uncoupling process was prolonged in failing hearts (12.9+/-0.9 minutes) compared with normal hearts (7.8+/-0.4 minutes). The degree of heart failure and relative heart weight of the failing hearts significantly correlated with the earlier uncoupling after PC and the duration of uncoupling. In every experiment, the start of Ca2+ rise and contracture preceded uncoupling during ischemia.The duration of the process of ischemia-induced electrical uncoupling in failing hearts is prolonged compared with that in normal hearts. Ischemic PC has detrimental effects in severely failing papillary muscles because it advances the moment of irreversible ischemic damage.
A Comparison of Methods in Measurement of Effective Renal Plasma Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Clinical Practice
Authors: TOSHIAKI HIGA, MASASHI NAKATSU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Using a single injection clearance method as a reference test, 24-hour creatinine clearance and gamma camera estimation of ERPF and GFR were compared in a sample of the Japanese adult patient population. The reference tests included ERPF with 1-131 OIH and GFR with ln-111 DTPA, single blood sample, and 1-hour external counting over the heart for each tracer. The 24-hour creatinine clearance and gamma camera methods were equally accurate in estimating GFR or ERPF compared with the clearance methods. The gamma camera methods were less accurate for GFR than ERPF. Among many gamma camera estimation formulas for GFR, the renal Tc-99m DTPA uptake best correlated with the reference GFR (compared to Schlegel's GFR or Gates' GFR). The authors found that the simpler the procedure and data processing, the better the results. Origin of errors in estimating ERPF and GFR, the procedures of choice, patient population studied, quality control achievable in clinical practice, and the clinical situations the clinicians are likely to encounter are discussed.
Megaloblastic erythropoiesis and macrocytosis in patients on anticonvulsants.
Authors: S N Wickramasinghe, G Williams, J Saunders, J H Durston
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The results of deoxyuridine suppression tests on the bone marrow cells of 14 patients on anticonvulsant drugs, 11 of whom had evidence of megaloblastic erythropoiesis, indicated that the megaloblastic changes and macrocytosis encountered in treated epileptics are often not caused either by folate deficiency or by drug-induced impairment of the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent methylation of deoxyuridylate to thymidylate. A folate-related abnormality in the methylation of deoxyuridylate was found in only two of the 11 patients with megaloblastic erythropoiesis.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES IN A CLOSELY BRED COLONY OF DOGS
Authors: F. T. Rapaport, T. Hanaoka, T. Shimada, F. D. Cannon, J. W. Ferrebee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The establishment of a closely bred colony of beagles with known leukocyte group phenotypes has permitted an assessment of the role of leukocyte group antigens in conditioning the survival of renal allografts in the unmodified host. 22 kidney transplants obtained from leukocyte group-compatible donors were accorded a mean survival time of 25.5 days, as compared with 13.1 days for 27 transplants obtained from incompatible donors. Donor-recipient coefficients of correlation and Swisher erythrocyte group incompatibilities did not appear to affect the observed results. The mean survival time of 21 renal allografts performed in randomly selected mongrel dogs was 9.5 days. Availability of a carefully characterized and phenotyped canine population may be useful in further studies of the comparative immunogenicity of the major transplantable organs, and of methods designed to facilitate prolonged organ transplant survival in the mammalian host.
When activated oncogene meets immunity: A fight to prevent liver tumor initiation
Authors: Jean-Charles Nault, Giuliana Amaddeo, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this ‘secretory phenotype’ can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as ‘senescence surveillance’), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells .
Inappropriate Advertising of Dietary Supplements
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Information about health is worthwhile only if it is accurate and fairly communicated. Recently, a number of advertisements on the Internet have contained statements about dietary supplements that could lead one to believe, erroneously, that information published in the Journal supported the claims made by the manufacturers. As the editor-in-chief of the Journal, I spend the bulk of my time working with our editors and outside reviewers to ensure the accuracy of results presented in the articles we publish. The task is complicated by the fact that the work we publish is often at the cutting edge of research, where . . .
Prison cells unhealthy for prisoners, say BMA
Authors: A Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Prisoners detained in police cells in Britain are denied the standards of care expected by patients in the NHS, said the British Medical Association, last week. Police officers are expected to identify warning signs in prisoners with head injuries and those with alcohol dependence. The situation is made worse by poor facilities, overcrowding, and a lack of paramedical training, claims the association. There is a “serious risk of death in police custody” for prisoners with alcohol dependency who are left in cells.

“Police cells are not designed for detaining even healthy people, never mind those with addiction problems. They are simply too confined,” said Dr …
Angiotensin administration stimulates renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in healthy men
Authors: Michiel N. Kerstens, Frank G.H. van der Kleij, Arnold H. Boonstra, Wim J. Sluiter, Jan C. van der Molen, Gerjan Navis, Robin P.F. Dullaart
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
EMERGENCIES IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: George Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1953)

An editorial inThe Journal, Feb. 7, 1953, stated, "Although there has been a remarkable decrease in rate of death in the first year of life during the past quarter of a century, the number of infants dying in the first 24 hours of life has diminished but little." The editorial was stimulated by Fischer's article "The First Day of Life, the Physician's Responsibility," which appeared in the November, 1952, issue of the<i>Medical Clinics of North America</i>. As Fischer emphasized, since 1945 an infant's chance of dying has been greater during the first day of life than at any time between the 2nd and 12th months (fig. 1). He commented, "That this cannot be lightly passed off (as) due to the absence of medical care at birth is... proved by the fact that in 1950... in Philadelphia, where 95 per cent of infants are born in hospitals..., 534 of
Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Remodeling by Cardiac Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Protein Transfer
Authors: Michael J. Cox, Urseline A. Hawkins, Brian D. Hoit, Suresh C. Tyagi
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cardiac inhibitor of metalloproteinase (CIMP) are coexpressed in the heart. Although it is known that oxidative stress activates MMP and CIMP inhibits MMP, it is unclear whether CIMP administration attenuates oxidative stress and MMP-mediated cardiac dilatation.Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in C57BL/J6 mice, and CIMP was administered to AVF and sham mice by protein transfer into peritoneal cavity by minipump for 4 weeks. Mice were grouped as follows: sham; sham+CIMP; AVF; and AVF+CIMP (n=6). In vivo left ventricular (LV) pressure was measured. Plasma and LV tissue levels of CIMP were measured by Western analysis. LV levels of NADPH oxidase activity, marker of oxidative stress, were increased in AVF mice and decreased in AVF mice treated with CIMP. Compared with sham, CIMP was decreased in AVF mice, and CIMP protein transfer increased plasma and LV tissue levels of CIMP in AVF mice; there was no increase in sham animals. In situ zymography demonstrated a robust increase in MMP activity in the hearts from AVF mice compared with sham, and treatment with CIMP decreased MMP activity. In AVF mice, the cardiac pressure-length relationship was similar to that observed in sham mice after administration of CIMP. Contractile responses of normal LV rings were measured in the presence and absence of CIMP. CIMP shifted the pressure-length relationship to the left, attenuated LV dilatation, and had no effect on CaCl2-mediated contraction.Treatment of AVF mice with CIMP significantly abrogated the contractile dysfunction and decreased the oxidative stress in volume overload-induced heart failure.
M270 Obtaining Information When You Have A Rare Disease - The Potential For Ipf Support Groups
Authors: S. Wibberley, Y. Ochiai, R. Pitt, N. Mathieson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The aim was to explore the ways in which patients with IPF obtain information about their condition. <h3>Methods</h3> Market research was conducted with an independent agency. Patients with IPF were asked to record a personal account of their experience on a hand-held camera. Face to face interviews with patients were conducted in their home. Carers were also interviewed to add an alternative perspective. <h3>Results</h3> The sample included 13 male and 3 female patients with IPF. Patients with lung function impairment of all severities were included, five patients were treated with oxygen therapy and another had received a lung transplant. Patients reported finding information from a variety of sources, including primary healthcare professionals, patient information leaflets, the internet, district nurses and support groups. Most valued sources of information were IPF physicians, nurse specialists and patient support groups. Gaps identified by patients were the need for high quality information including, 1) accurate and complete information about IPF, 2) clarity on the difficulty of predicting life expectancy, 3) how to access services and benefits, 4) how palliative care can help, 5) why support groups are beneficial, 6) how to modify lifestyle as capabilities change, 7) how to live and travel with oxygen and 8) how to explain oxygen to others. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Support groups are under-developed, with great potential to help patients and their carers. Support groups are well placed to provide advice for everyday living that the healthcare community may be unable to offer. There is also a need to improve the standard of written information currently available for patients with IPF.
New cast for a new era: preclinical cancer drug development revisited
Authors: Grit S. Herter-Sprie, Andrew L. Kung, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Molecularly targeted agents promise to revolutionize therapeutics by reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. However, despite an urgent need for more effective anticancer compounds, current preclinical drug evaluations largely fail to satisfy the demand. New preclinical strategies, including the improvement of sophisticated mouse models and co-clinical study designs, are being used to augment the predictive value of animal-based translational cancer research. Here, we review the development of successful preclinical antineoplastic agents, their associated limitations, and alternative methods to predict clinical outcomes.
The Weltmann Coagulation Reaction and the Sedimentation Test in Arthritis
Authors: D. H. Kling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1941)

THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES their routine activities and only the small number with severe or more generalised muscle pain come to the attention of physicians, epidemics cannot be detected without specific surveys.SUMMARY 1.A survey covering a period of two months was made to determine the incidence of " stiff neck " among a group of one hundred and sixty-three factory workers.Twenty-nine cases were discovered, an attack rate of 17-8 per cent.2. The attack rate was higher in women, most of whom were in their third decade, than in men, most of whom were in their fifth decade.3. Although the disease was usually mild, some persons wero incapacitated for two weeks or longer.4. The clinical features were unlike those of Bornholm disease but resembled those of acute fibrositis.5. The purpose of the present communication is to direct attention to the occurrence of this syndrome in epidemic form.
"ACCIDENTAL MALARIA INFECTION IN SYPHILIS OF THE BRAIN"
Authors: Maurice Buchsbaum
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article of Dr. Laurence E. Hines on "Accidental Malarial Infection in Syphilis of the Brain" (The Journal, October 11) leaves a wrong impression on the mind of the reader, since it criticizes a method of treatment not according to the facts. Professor Wagner-Jauregg, who inaugurated the malaria treatment of general paralysis (The Journal, Aug. 4, 1923, p. 405;<i>Medizinische Wochenschrift</i>, No. 13, 1924) expressly emphasizes the point that the blood of patients suffering from estivo-autumnal fever should never be used, but only that of tertian malaria. The fever induced by inoculation of tertian malarial blood is promptly controlled by quinin, the plasmodia disappearing after the administration of 1 gm. of the drug. Arsphenamin is given simultaneously with the quinin treatment. The reports from abroad are very favorable with this method of treatment; Wagner-Jauregg and Pilcz report 100 per cent, of cures and remissions in the early
Association between raw milk and human Salmonella dublin infection.
Authors: S B Werner, G L Humphrey, I Kamei
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Between 1971 and 1975 the mean annual incidence of human Salmonella dublin infection in California increased more than five-fold. Investigation of the increase showed an association with exposure to raw milk in 44 out of 113 cases. Of these 44 patients, 35 had used certified raw milk from a single dairy. Faecal swabs confirmed S dublin infection in the dairy herd and the milk, and so a pasteurisation order was issued. S dublin appears to be an unusually invasive and life-threatening salmonella serotype: 65% of isolations were obtained from non-faecal specimens (mainly blood cultures), 89 patients (80%) were admitted to hospital and 22 patients died. Almost three-quarters of the patients were aged 20 or over, and half had serious underlying diseases, particularly leukaemias and lymphomas. Five patients presented with infected vascular lesions that included aneurysms with abscesses and infections of previous arterial graft sites. The public9s increasing desire for a "health food" such as raw milk should be tempered with an appreciation of its attendant risk to health.
What about trialists sharing other study materials?
Authors: R. Crutzen, G.-J. Y. Peters, C. Abraham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rathi and colleagues provide insight into clinical trialists’ opinions and experiences of sharing clinical trial data.1 We would like to raise two related matters.

Firstly, this study and previous studies cited within are limited to sharing data. We suggest that questionnaires, intervention manuals, analysis scripts (such as syntax files), output files, and other materials …
Eicosanoid synthesis in duodenal ulcer disease: decrease in leukotriene C4 by colloidal bismuth subcitrate.
Authors: A Ahmed, P R Salmon, C R Cairns, M Hobsley, J R Hoult
Journal: Gut (1992)

The release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from antral and duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens taken from 20 patients with duodenal ulcer disease was measured by radioimmunoassay before and four weeks after treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Gastroscopic and histological examination showed complete ulcer healing in 15/18 patients and duodenal histology looked normal (n = 15) or improved (n = 3): two patients failed to attend for a second endoscopy. Analysis of the supernatant from incubations of biopsy tissue in vitro showed that unstimulated antral release of PGE2 was significantly more than that from the duodenal mucosa (p less than 0.05), whereas basal release of LTC4 was significantly lower from antral biopsy specimens (p less than 0.05). Subsequent incubation of specimens with calcium ionophore A23187 caused an increase in LTC4 but not in PGE2 generation. The ability of antral and duodenal mucosa to form ionophore mediated LTC4 in patients with duodenal ulcer disease was significantly greater (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01 respectively) than that of normal gastroduodenal mucosa. After colloidal bismuth subcitrate treatment, basal synthesis of PGE2 was unchanged in duodenal and antral specimens. In contrast, basal duodenal LTC4 was reduced (p less than 0.05), and the capacity for ionophore mediated duodenal LTC4 formation was substantially and significantly reduced after treatment (p less than 0.001). These results indicate that after therapeutic healing of duodenal ulcer (accompanied by clearance of inflammatory cell infiltrate), there is a reduced ability of duodenal mucosa to generate proinflammatory peptidoleukotrienes.
Health literacy and patients' understanding
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A recent news story published here in the BMJ reported the results of a study into the use of medical jargon in consultations (24 May, p1105). Surprisingly, researchers found that the patients in the study preferred medical terminology to lay language when it came to being given their diagnoses.

Despite these findings most health professionals are aware of the need to use lay language to improve communication in consultations. The problem is that many doctors still do not recognise when they are using “medical speak.”

Search the web for sites on how doctors …
Entero-Vioform in Travelers' Diarrhea
Authors: Howard D. Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  There are two principal areas of concern raised by Wolfe and Mishtowt—the efficacy of iodochlorhydroxyquin (Entero-Vioform) and its implied association with subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON).  Although iodochlorhydroxyquin has never been advocated for prophylactic therapy in this country—travelers' diarrhea is not considered a significant domestic problem—there is substantive evidence in favor of such usage, some of which has been cited by Wolfe and Mishtowt. As recently as 1968, an editorial in Lancet supported this widely accepted practice abroad, ie, ... for the prophylaxis and treatment of amebic dysentery and shigellosis. 1   On the other hand, the SMON situation warrants a careful illumination of all the known facts. We believe emphasis should first be placed on Wolfe's own observation, presented but understated in his letter, that ... the rare observance of this syndrome in England, Israel, and this country suggests that presently unknown but peculiar specific factors in Japan might have
P347 INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR EXTRA-HEPATIC MALIGNANCIES (EM) IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM TWO EUROPEAN REFERRAL CENTERS
Authors: N. Cazzagon, A. Parès, A. Spinazzè, L. Caballeria, A. Reig, I. Franceschet, V. Baldo, A. Buja, P. Furlan, A. Floreani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)