tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
5‐azacytidine supports the long‐term repopulating activity of cord blood CD34<sup>+</sup> cells
Authors: Motoyuki Suzuki, Akira Harashima, Ayumi Okochi, Mayuko Yamamoto, Shuji Nakamura, Ryuichi Motoda, Fumiyuki Yamasaki, Kunzo Orita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

DNA methylation plays important roles in a wide range of biological phenomena, especially in the embryonic development and tumorigenesis. However, correlations between differentiation and DNA methylation have not been clarified well in each differentiation system. In this study, we focused our attention on regulatory roles of DNA methylation in normal hematopoietic differentiation using a demethylating reagent, 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC). As a source of hematopoietic progenitor cells, we used CD34(+) cells prepared from human umbilical cord blood and examined the effects of 5-AzaC on the colony-forming activity and the long-term culture-initiating (LTC-IC) activity of these cells. 5-AzaC treatment increased LTC-IC frequency 1.57- to 2.50-fold as compared to the nontreated control. In parallel to this, immunoblotting analysis showed that the intensity of overall DNA methylation decreased after 5-AzaC treatment. These results indicated the involvement of DNA methylation and demethylation in controlling immaturity of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the usefulness of 5-AzaC for regulating this immaturity.
Left Atrial Volume and Its Changes in Heart Disease
Authors: RICHARD R. HAWLEY, HAROLD T. DODGE, THOMAS P. GRAHAM
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Left atrial volume and volume change during the heart cycle were determined and compared with left ventricular stroke volume and forward, or effective, stroke volume in 57 patients who were grouped as follows: normal, primary cardiomyopathy, aortic valve disease, predominant mitral insufficiency, predominant mitral stenosis, and combined aortic and mitral valve disease. In this study left atrial cyclic volume change averaged 41% of the left ventricular stroke volume and was in no case more than 72% of the left ventricular stroke volume, regardless of the type of heart disease. Some patients with aortic valve disease or primary cardiomyopathy have left atrial maximum volumes as large as those seen in many patients with mitral stenosis. Three features of left atrial volume and volume change per heart beat were observed in patients with mitral insufficiency: (1) a large left atrial volume (all patients with a left atrial volume greater than 365 ml had mitral insufficiency), (2) a large left atrial cyclic volume change, and (3) a left atrial volume change per beat equal to or greater than the forward, or effective, left ventricular stroke volume. It was also demonstrated that the left atrial cyclic volume change in patients with atrial fibrillation may be large and in this study showed no significant difference from values observed in patients with normal rhythm.
Predictors for radiological damage in psoriatic arthritis: results from a single centre
Authors: S. J Bond, V. T Farewell, C. T Schentag, D. D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

The predictors for the development of clinical damage in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been reported previously.To identify predictors for radiological damage in PsA.Patients followed-up prospectively according to a standard protocol at The University of Toronto between 1978 and 2004 were included. The principal outcome was the change in the number of damaged joints between visits, both clinically and radiologically. Explanatory variables considered included: sex, age, duration of arthritis at first visit, time in clinic, number of tender swollen joints, functional class, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), concentration of drugs and, to adjust for within-patient correlation, the number of clinically damaged joints at the first of the two visits over which change was observed.At the time of this analysis, 625 patients were recorded in the database. Multivariate analyses of predictors for both clinical and radiological damage show that age, time in clinic, initial ESR, number of tender and swollen joints at previous visit, and number of deformed joints at previous visit were related to both clinical and radiological damage.The number of actively inflamed joints, particularly the number of swollen joints, was associated with the progression of radiological damage. The higher the number of previously damaged joints, the higher the risk for progression of damage. Thus, patients with PsA need to be treated, even in the presence of damage as long as there is evidence of inflammation, to prevent the progression of damage.
The Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices-Reply
Authors: John P. Cello
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  We thank Mr Dasta for his kind comment concerning our article. 1 The two reports he cites 2,3 describing clinical trials with nitroglycerin in addition to vasopressin are of considerable interest, but appeared after our article was already in press. Not withstanding these two favorable reports, we would still recommend caution in the use of nitroglycerin in addition to vasopressin in the treatment of bleeding varices. The two studies cited differ in a variety of respects, including the dose of vasopressin and the means of administering nitroglycerin (sublingual vs intravenous). In addition, neither study measured hepatic or systemic hemodynamics, including portal pressure, total hepatic blood flow, cardiac output, or peripheral vascular resistance. Although these reports indicate the need for additional, more extensive studies, we regard them as tentative first steps in evaluating the use of nitroglycerin in addition to vasopressin therapy.  Dr Palko raises a number of important
Translocation t(14;18) is not associated with inferior outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: N Put, P Meeus, B Chatelain, K Rack, N Boeckx, F Nollet, C Graux, E Van Den Neste, A Janssens, V Madoe, A Van Hoof, C Bilhou-Nabera, I Wlodarska, P Vandenberghe, L Michaux
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
The Role of Planar Scintimammography With High-Resolution Dedicated Breast Camera in the Diagnosis of Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Angela Spanu, Francesca Chessa, Giovanni Battista Meloni, Daniela Sanna, Pierina Cottu, Alessandra Manca, Susanna Nuvoli, Giuseppe Madeddu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Planar scintimammography (SM) acquired with a conventional gamma camera has proved a useful complementary tool to mammography (Mx) in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, but with unsatisfactory sensitivity in small size carcinomas. In this study we assessed the role of planar SM with a high-resolution dedicated breast camera (DBC) in BC diagnosis, comparing the results with those of Mx.A consecutive series of 145 patients scheduled for biopsy for suspected BC underwent Tc-99m tetrofosmin planar SM using a newly developed DBC. Scintigraphic data were compared with Mx findings and correlated to histology.Histopathologic analysis revealed 165 lesions: 143 malignant and 22 benign. SM detected 139/143 carcinomas (overall sensitivity: 97.2%) and was true negative in 19/22 benign lesions (overall specificity: 86.4%). SM sensitivity was 91% in < or =10-mm carcinomas. SM was more accurate than Mx in 42/145 cases (29%), detecting cancer in 9 patients with Mx indeterminate for dense breasts (8/9 tumors were <10 mm), assessing additional tumor foci (all <10 mm) in 5 points with multifocal disease and correctly classifying 28 patients with inconclusive mammographic findings as affected by cancer or by benign disease. Mx was more accurate than SM in 3 patients, in each detecting 1 subcentimeter BC false negative on SM.DBC planar SM seems a highly sensitive diagnostic tool in the detection of BC, even when small in size, and in the assessment of multifocal disease. A wider employment of this procedure is thus suggested, especially in indeterminate or inconclusive mammographic findings to improve sensitivity and specificity of Mx.
Strategies for Timely and Effective Hospice Discussions: End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: David J. Casarett, Timothy E. Quill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters4 December 2007Strategies for Timely and Effective Hospice Discussions: End-Stage Renal DiseaseDavid J. Casarett, MD, MA and Timothy E. Quill, MDDavid J. Casarett, MD, MAFrom the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, and Center for Ethics, Humanities, and Palliative Care, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.Search for more papers by this author and Timothy E. Quill, MDFrom the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, and Center for Ethics, Humanities, and Palliative Care, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Quill and I fully agree with and appreciate the important comments by Dr. Germain and colleagues, and we regret not including this important group of patients who could potentially benefit from hospice.David J. Casarett, MD, MACenter for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19004Timothy E. Quill, MDCenter for Ethics, Humanities, and Palliative Care, University of Rochester School of MedicineRochester, NY 14642 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David J. Casarett, MD, MA; Timothy E. Quill, MDAffiliations: From the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, and Center for Ethics, Humanities, and Palliative Care, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee Also“I'm Not Ready for Hospice”: Strategies for Timely and Effective Hospice Discussions David J. Casarett and Timothy E. Quill Strategies for Timely and Effective Hospice Discussions: End-Stage Renal Disease Michael J. Germain , Lewis M. Cohen , and Alvin H. Moss Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11 Page: 817 Keywords Conflicts of interest Emotions Renal failure ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reduced Nitric Oxide Production and Altered Myocardial Metabolism During the Decompensation of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure in the Conscious Dog
Authors: Fabio A. Recchia, Patrick I. McConnell, Robert D. Bernstein, Traci R. Vogel, Xiaobin Xu, Thomas H. Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —The aim of the present study was to determine whether cardiac nitric oxide (NO) production changes during the progression of pacing-induced heart failure and whether this occurs in association with alterations in myocardial metabolism. Dogs (n=8) were instrumented and the heart paced until left ventricular end-diastolic pressure reached 25 mm Hg and clinical signs of severe failure were evident. Every week, hemodynamic measurements were recorded and blood samples were withdrawn from the aorta and the coronary sinus for measurement of NO metabolites, O 2 content, free fatty acids (FFAs), and lactate and glucose concentrations. Cardiac production of NO metabolites or consumption of O 2 or utilization of substrates was calculated as coronary sinus-arterial difference times coronary flow. In end-stage failure, occurring at 29±1.6 days, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 25±1 mm Hg, left ventricular systolic pressure was 92±3 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure was 75±2.5 mm Hg, and dP/dt max was 1219±73 mm Hg/s (all P &lt;0.05). These changes in hemodynamics were associated with a fall of cardiac NO metabolite production from 0.37±0.16 to −0.28±0.13 nmol/beat ( P &lt;0.05). O 2 consumption and lactate uptake did not change significantly from control, while FFA uptake decreased from 0.16±0.03 to 0.05±0.01 μEq/beat and glucose uptake increased from −2.3±7.0 to 41±10 μg/beat ( P &lt;0.05). The cardiac respiratory quotient also increased significantly by 28%. In 14 normal dogs the same measurements were performed at control and 1 hour after we injected 30 mg/kg of nitro- l -arginine, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. O 2 consumption increased from 0.05±0.002 mL/beat at control to 0.071±0.003 mL/beat after nitro- l -arginine, while FFA uptake decreased from 0.1±0.01 to 0.06±0.01 μEq/beat, lactate uptake increased from 0.15±0.04 to 0.31±0.03 μmol/beat, glucose uptake increased from 8.2±5.0 to 35.4±9.5 μg/beat, and RQ increased by 23% (all P &lt;0.05). Our results indicate that basal cardiac production of NO falls below normal levels during cardiac decompensation and that there are shifts in substrate utilization. This switch in myocardial substrate utilization also occurs after acute pharmacological blockade of NO production in normal dogs.
Restructuring nuclear regulations.
Authors: Kenneth L Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Nuclear regulations are a subset of social regulations (laws to control activities that may negatively impact the environment, health, and safety) that concern control of ionizing radiation from radiation-producing equipment and from radioactive materials. The impressive safety record among nuclear technologies is due, in no small part, to the work of radiation safety professionals and to a protection system that has kept pace with the rapid technologic advancements in electric power generation, engineering, and medicine. The price of success, however, has led to a regulatory organization and philosophy characterized by complexity, confusion, public fear, and increasing economic costs. Over the past 20 years, regulatory costs in the nuclear sector have increased more than 250% in constant 1995 U.S. dollars. Costs of regulatory compliance can be reduced sharply, particularly when health and environmental benefits of risk reduction are questionable. Three key regulatory areas should be closely examined and modified to improve regulatory effectiveness and efficiency: a) radiation protection should be changed from a risk-based to dose-based system; b) the U.S. government should adopt the modern metric system (International System of Units), and radiation quantities and units should be simplified to facilitate international communication and public understanding; and c) a single, independent office is needed to coordinate nuclear regulations established by U.S. federal agencies and departments.
Selective Birth in Twin Pregnancy with Discordancy for Down's Syndrome
Authors: Thomas D. Kerenyi, Usha Chitkara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

AMNIOCENTESIS for genetic evaluation is now a well-established prenatal diagnostic procedure. The discovery of twins at the time of amniocentesis, however, necessitates additional measures, and in the event of detection of discordancy for an abnormality, it poses a challenging problem. In 1975, Bang et al. reported the first successful amniocentesis and karyotyping in twins. They also forecast the inevitable dilemma: "One unsolved question is the consequence of finding one abnormal and one normal fetus."1 At least five recent articles have described cases in the mid-trimester in which one fetus had a major congenital malformation and the other one was normal. . . .
Fuseli's Nightmare
Authors: James Randall
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your special report on Henry Fuseli's painting, "The Nightmare," written by Jerome M. Schneck, MD, recalled to mind some remarks by Dr. Kurt R. Eisseler. As a discussant by invitation at a scientific session of the Psychoanalytic Association of New York, Dr. Eisseler observed that the only way the unconscious being can say "no" or "not" is by means of paralysis. Hence, the paralyzed state of the dreamer in Fuseli's painting represents the refutation of the dream state or reality.
Abstract LB-230: Multiple omics profiling reveals the evolutionary history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Shengjie Gao, Huang Yi, Song Wu, Yuan Yu, Pengfei Song, Guangwu Guo, Xueda Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract About 50% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) progress to the metastatic stage, and become fatal and incurable. Whether such a dismal prognosis is due to early dissemination or late diagnosis of the disease remains unknown. To explore the evolutionary history of metastatic RCC (mRCC), we characterized the genetic, epigenetic and expression profiles of multiple tumors from a mRCC patient, including primary RCC (pRCC), local metastasis in vena cava (MVC) and distant metastasis in brain (MB). Although the multi-omics profiles of bulk tumor tissues differed substantially from each other, quantitative analysis of the multi-level data suggested mRCCs to be resulted from clonal expansion of the rare advantageous subclone developed within the heterogeneous pRCC. Moreover, from the genetic distances between mRCCs and their parental subclone, we estimated that about two and eight years were required for the parental subclone to evolve into progeny subclones that give rise to MVC and MB, respectively. Thus, distant metastasis occurred late during RCC progression and there was a broad window period for early detection of the circulating tumor cells before pRCC acquired full metastatic potential. These findings proved that early detection, followed by early intervention, is possible and necessary for controlling the spread of RCC. Citation Format: Shengjie Gao, Huang Yi, Song Wu, Yuan Yu, Pengfei Song, Guangwu Guo, Xueda Hu. Multiple omics profiling reveals the evolutionary history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-230. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-230
'Alter' a Virus Molecularly for Polio Vaccine?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE MOLECULAR biology of the poliomyelitis virus is becoming so well known that it now is possible to think of molecularly altering polioviruses for vaccines. It appears to be the general opinion of many researchers (attending an international workshop on the neurovirulence of poliovirus held by the Food and Drug Administration in Bethesda, Md) that such viruses (for vaccine use) are not likely to be available in the near future. But when they are, they might be less sensitive to temperature changes in storage and hence provide improved protection. <h3>30-Year History</h3> Thus, it appears that the molecular-level analysis of mutations in wild-type poliovirus developed more than 30 years ago from the live-virus polio vaccine by Albert Sabin, MD, now are beginning to bear fruit. At the workshop, Sabin said: "The scientific challenge is to look at the genetic elements of neurovirulence and see whether these can be deleted without interfering
The Origin of Synovial Mucin
Authors: G. Asboe-Hansen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

The synovial fluid is a clear, yellowish, viscous fluid, serving as a lubricant in the true joints.Its most important constituent is the " mucin " which lends the fluid its viscosity and which, by its marked osmotic action, is an essential factor in the water exchange between the blood and the joint cavity.It is the same mucinous substance which is encountered in the intercellular and interfibrillar substance of the connective tissue, in the humours of the eye, in Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord, in the cumulus oophorus, and in the cap- sules of streptococci (of groups A and C) and pneumococci.In addition, it is formed in mesenchymal tissues in various pathological conditions.This substance is hyaluronic acid (Meyer and others, 1934-39), an acid muco- polysaccharide, made up of equimolar parts of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine, appearing in the form of a polymeric compound of very high mole- cular weight (200,000-500,000).The degree of polymerization will largely decide the viscosity of the fluid (Madinaveitia and Quibbell, 1940; Ropes and others, 1947).The hyaluronic acid occurs in the synovia, bound to protein by some means or other.The large molecule of hyaluronic acid may be broken down, wholly or partly, through depolymerization and hydrolysis, by the enzyme hyaluronidase, " the spreading factor ", produced in the organism inter alia by the testes, the ciliary body, the spleen, and-perhaps-by the skin.It is formed by certain bacteria possessing invasive properties, is encountered in various animal toxins, and plays an important role in the growth of malignant tumours.In some way or other, the amount and state of the hyaluronic acid in the body depends on the internal secretion, at any rate on the thyroid hormone (Asboe-Hansen, 1950; Chain and Duthie, 1940; Ropes and others, 1947; Trotter and Eden, 1942; Watson, 1946) and perhaps also on the hormones of the hypophysis (thyro- tropic) and of the adrenal cortex.In myxoedema the content of hyaluronic acid in the connective tissue and synovial fluid (Ropes and others, 1947) is increased, and in rheumatoid arthritis, which is in many cases favourably influenced by adreno- cortical hormone, the viscosity of the synovial fluid is reduced and the hyaluronic acid depolymerized (Ragan and Mayer, 1949).Presumably, oestrogenic hormones also play a part in regulating the production of hyaluronic acid.The theories advanced regarding the origin of hyaluronic acid amount only
New 3D Imaging Software Opens New Vistas
Authors: John L. Zeller
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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