tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Xenon shows promise to prevent brain injury from lack of oxygen in newborns
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

UK neonatal researchers reported positive early results this week from the experimental treatment of a newborn baby with xenon inhalation in addition to cooling to prevent brain injury after a lack of oxygen at birth.

The baby boy, Riley Joyce, was born to a healthy mother after a normal pregnancy but had no pulse and was not breathing when he was delivered by emergency caesarean section. 

Marianne Thoresen, professor of neonatal neuroscience at the University of Bristol and one of the researchers who developed the xenon treatment, said, “It was the typical story with sudden unexpected fetal distress ending in emergency caesarian section. The baby was in poor condition at birth, with an Apgar score of 0 and needing full resuscitation. He had a typical picture of moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia, developed seizures early, and …
Molecular study of pyruvate kinase deficient patients with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.
Authors: L Baronciani, E Beutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

DNA analysis was performed on 30 unrelated patients with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (HNSHA) who had been found to be pyruvate kinase (PK) deficient by enzyme assay. 19 different mutations were identified among 58 of the 60 alleles at risk. 13 of these were missense mutations that caused single amino acid changes. Included were the following nucleotide substitutions: 401A, 464C, 993A, 1022C, 1076A, 1178G, 1179A, 1373A, 1378A, 1456T, 1484T, 1493A, 1529A. The remaining six mutations were as follows: two nonsense mutations, 721T and 808T; a nucleotide deletion, 307C; a nucleotide insertion, 1089GG; a three nucleotide in frame deletion, 391-392-393 and a deletion of 1149 bp from the PKLR gene that resulted in the loss of exon 11. All the patients were studied for two polymorphic sites, nucleotide (nt) 1705 A/C and a microsatellite in intron 11, to better understand the origin of the mutations. The 1529A mutation, which is the most common mutation in the European population, was found in 25 alleles. With a single exception this mutation was in linkage disequilibrium with both of the polymorphic markers, i.e., found with 1705C and 14 repeats in the microsatellite. This finding is consistent with a single origin of this common mutation. Other mutations occurring more than once were of much lower frequency than the 1529A mutation.
Advances in Gastric Physiology
Authors: William Silen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE advances in knowledge of gastric physiology within the past few years have been the most exciting and important in this area of interest in many decades. Although the scope of this presentation precludes a comprehensive review of the extensive recent literature on this subject, I shall attempt to place in perspective some of the highlights of progress in the field of gastric physiology.GastrinOn May 18, 1905, John Sidney Edkins1 read before the Royal Society of London a modest paper entitled "On the Chemical Mechanism of Gastric Secretion." He described the preparation of aqueous extracts of gastric antral . . .
'Hard to Reach' Hispanics Get Health News via Physician's Radio, TV Shows
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

IN HIS PRACTICE of preventive medicine, earphones and a microphone are as basic to Elmer E. Huerta, MD, MPH, as his stethoscope and tongue depressor. Huerta has been dispensing daily doses of health news and advice in Spanish to a rapidly growing audience, many of whom are among the most medically underserved in the United States. Up to 4 times every weekday, 29 Spanish-language radio stations across the United States broadcast Huerta's program "<i>Cuidando su Salud</i>" ("Taking Care of Your Health"). The 2-minute reports cover virtually every area of health and medicine—from research published in the current issues of leading medical journals to advice on dealing with domestic violence or obtaining health insurance, from emergency contraception to the importance of wearing car seat belts. And that's not all: On Saturdays, Huerta cohosts a live 1-hour cable television health program in Spanish, and on Sundays he conducts a 1-hour radio callin
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evolving Concepts
Authors: JOHN L. DECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease of unknown cause and protean manifestations, continues to excite substantial investigational interest. These papers bring together recent advances in concepts of its immunopathogenesis, evidence for a major genetic role in the causation of the process, developing systems for the morphologic assessment of its often fatal nephritis, and data from ongoing trials of cytotoxic drugs in its management.
Transduced CD34+ cells from adrenoleukodystrophy patients with HIV-derived vector mediate long-term engraftment of NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Sonia Benhamida, Françoise Pflumio, Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt, Jing-Chao Zhao-Emonet, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, Francis Rocchiccioli, Serge Fichelson, Patrick Aubourg, Pierre Charneau, Nathalie Cartier
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), an inherited demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, can be corrected by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, likely due to the turnover of brain macrophages that are bone marrow derived. ALD is characterized by an accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) due to the deficiency of an ATP binding cassette transporter that imports these fatty acids in peroxisomes. Murine retroviral transduction results in metabolic correction of ALD CD34+ cells in vitro but reinfusion of these cells into ALD patients would not provide clinical benefit owing to the absence of selective advantage conferred by transgene expression. High-efficiency transduction of ALD CD34+ peripheral blood mobilized cells was achieved using an HIV-based vector driving ALD gene expression under the elongation factor 1α promoter and a protocol without prestimulation of CD34+ cells with cytokines prior to transduction to preserve their stem cell properties. Efficient expression of the ALD gene was demonstrated in monocytes/macrophages derived from cultures of transduced ALD CD34+ cells and in long-term culture initiating cells. VLCFA metabolism was corrected in transduced CD34+, CFU-derived, and LTC-derived cells, indicating that the vector-encoded ALD protein was fully functional. Transplantation of transduced ALD CD34+ cells into NOD/SCID mice resulted in long-term expression of ALD protein in monocytes/macrophages derived from engrafted stem cells.
The Physician's Book of Lists
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The first<i>Book of Lists</i>was witty and novel, and it seems amazing that it appeared just a few years ago. Lists of all kinds have proliferated ever since. My daily newspaper carries lists with athletic overtones sent in by sports fans. The need to remember related data and the penchant for mnemonics make physicians a logical target for a compendium of lists. The compilers of this book have collected 187 lists, grouped them into ten sections, and published them as a portable paperback volume. They admit to paring down the potential lists that might have made the book ten times as large and hardly portable. This book, therefore, represents their selection, although they invite readers to send favorite lists for possible inclusion in future editions. One can readily think of lists of salient symptoms that permit syndromic diagnoses, but if all of these were to be included, the book
Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paolo Raggi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 December 1998Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for Evaluating Coronary Artery DiseasePaolo Raggi, MDPaolo Raggi, MDEBT Research Foundation; Nashville, TN 37075Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Some of the conclusions reached by Dr. Fiorino [1] in his review on electron-beam computed tomography (CT) seem misleading and confusing. In his final statement, he affirms that “Electron-beam CT has the greatest sensitivity for the detection of angiographically significant lesions, so stenoses of less than 50% that may be at high risk for rupture can be missed … . Given these reservations, the current role for electron-beam CT in clinical practice is unclear.” Although it is true that the more extensive the atherosclerotic disease, the greater the likelihood of finding coronary calcifications, Dr. Fiorino neglects to ...References1. Fiorino AS. Electron-beam computed tomography, coronary artery calcium, and evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:839-47. Google Scholar2. Simons DB, Schwartz RS, Edwards WD, Sheedy PF, Breen JF, Rumberger JA. Noninvasive definition of anatomic coronary artery disease by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning: a quantitative pathologic comparison study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 20:1118-26. Google Scholar3. Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Kolettis GJ. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:1371-5. Google Scholar4. Davies MJ, Thomas AC. Plaque fissuring-the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and crescendo angina. Br Heart J. 1985; 53:363-73. Google Scholar5. Callister TQ, Russo DJ, Lippolis NJ, Raggi P. Effect of lipid lowering therapy on plaque burden: accurate assessment by electron beam computed tomography [Abstract]. Circulation. 1997; 96:1-305. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paolo Raggi, MDAffiliations: EBT Research Foundation; Nashville, TN 37075 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 12Page: 1076-1077KeywordsComputed axial tomographyCoronary arteriesDrugsLesionsMyocardial infarctionPatientsPreventive medicineStable coronary artery diseaseStenosisUltrasound imaging ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PMO-103 Prognostic value of post operative ca19-9 in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: D J Malde, E Jeans, N De Liguori, R Deshpande, B J Ammori, D J Sherlock, D O'Reilly
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma accounts for over 90% of Pancreatic malignancy with overall survival being &lt;5% at 5 years. CA 19-9 is a commonly used tumour marker with levels in excess of 200 U/ml being 90% sensitive for pancreatic malignancy. Pre-operative CA 19-9 has been used as a prognostic marker with higher levels being associated with poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to see if post operative Ca19-9 was an independent prognostic factor. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database from January 2005 to December 2010. Inclusion criteria was a normal preoperative bilirubin and pre and postoperative Ca 19-9 measurements (n=76). The primary endpoint was death or recurrence of disease. Data were also analysed for TNM staging, resection margin status and overall survival. <h3>Results</h3> 70 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were in the study. An elevated post operative CA19-9 (n=33) had a significantly poor mean survival of 26.8 months compared to patients with normal levels (n=37) who had a mean survival of 45.5 months (p=0.004). For patients with a postoperative value ≥200 U/ml (n=13) mean survival was 19.8 months compared with levels &lt;200 U/ml (n=57) being 43.9 months (p=0.001). A &lt;75% fall in post operative ca19-9 levels in comparison to preoperative levels (45 vs 25 patients) resulted in poor mean survival of 34.9 vs 45.9 months but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.218). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients who have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma having a normal postoperative Ca 19-9 is a marker for improved outcome where as a level in excess of 200 U/ml is a negative predictive factor. A &lt;75% fall in post operative readings of CA19-9 results in poor survival (11 months) but was not statistically significant. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Metabolism of inorganic arsenic in children with chronic high arsenic exposure in northern Argentina.
Authors: G Concha, B Nermell, M V Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This study concerns the metabolism of inorganic arsenic (As) in children in three villages in northern Argentina: San Antonio de los Cobres and Taco Pozo, each with about 200 microg As/l in the drinking water, and Rosario de Lerma, with 0.65 microg As/l. Findings show that the concentrations of As in the blood and urine of the children in the two As-rich villages were on average 9 and 380 microg/l, respectively, the highest ever recorded for children. The concentrations were about 10 and 30 times higher for blood and urine, respectively, than in Rosario de Lerma. Total As in urine was only slightly higher than the sum of metabolites of inorganic As (U-Asmet), i.e., inorganic As, methylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA); this shows that inorganic As was the main form of As ingested. In contrast to previous studies on urinary metabolites of inorganic As in various population groups, the children and women in the present study excreted very little MMA. Thus, there seems to be a polymorphism for the enzymes (methyltransferases) involved in the methylation of As. Interestingly, the children had a significantly higher percentage of inorganic As in urine than the women, about 50% versus 32%. Also, the percentage of inorganic As in the children is considerably higher than in previous studies on children (about 13% in the two studies available) and adults (about 15-25%) in other population groups. This may indicate that children are more sensitive to As-induced toxicity than adults, as the methylated metabolites bind less to tissue constituents than inorganic As. In the children, the percentage inorganic arsenic in urine decreased, and the percentage of DMA increased with increasing U-Asmet, indicating an induction of As methylation with increasing exposure.
The Use of Seat Belts-Reply
Authors: Gary Goldbaum
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Dr Weissman's estimates ignore the denominator. United States Department of Transportation studies suggest that the average American driver spends about one hour each day in his vehicle.1If Dr Weissman is correct in his estimate of time required to use a seat belt, then seat belt use  the individual only 1 s out of every driving minute. For this investment, a driver reduces his likelihood of severe injury or death by at least 50%, if he should be involved in a serious collision.2The US Department of Transportation estimates that each American has a one in three chance of being involved in such a collision during his lifetime.3It is this risk, not the 0.0001 claimed by Dr Weissman, that should be considered by individuals. To assess the cost to society, Dr Weissman should consider societal costs such as lost productivity resulting from collisions.
Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in the United States: No easy answers
Authors: Mark H. Kuniholm, Ronald E. Engle, Robert H. Purcell, Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

We read with interest the article by Ditah et al.1 in which they described the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG in 7,885 samples collected as a part of the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Readers may benefit from additional information about this study. First, seroprevalence data from this NHANES population have been presented, in part, twice before: in 20122 and most recently by one of us (M.K.) at the 2013 Liver Meeting. In both presentations HEV IgG data were compared between NHANES 1988-1994 and 2009-2010 and a large decline in seroprevalence was observed. A cohort effect has also been noted in other United States populations.3 Thus, it is likely that a cohort effect contributes to the difference between HEV IgG seroprevalence reported by Ditah et al. and in our study of 18,695 NHANES 1988-1994 samples.4 Second, it is important to note that the accuracy of the HEV IgG assay used in the Ditah et al. study has not been evaluated by the research community. The sensitivity and specificity estimates quoted by Ditah et al. were provided only by the manufacturer of the assay. We also note that several details in the article by Ditah et al. are incorrect. For example, our study of NHANES 1988-1994 samples did not examine all "meat consumption" as suggested by Ditah et al. Instead we analyzed NHANES questionnaire data to examine well-established hypotheses related to consumption of pork products and organ meats. Aspects of the analysis are also confusing: individuals born outside the U.S. had higher HEV seroprevalence in each stratum of age (fig. 1C in Ditah et al.) and yet this association was not significant in multivariate analysis. What accounted for this attenuation? In conclusion, it is encouraging that Ditah et al. along with others are trying to better understand the epidemiology of HEV infections in the U.S. However, this is not a simple undertaking and there are no easy answers. Attention to detail is critical in our efforts to understand and ultimately reduce HEV-associated morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. Mark H. Kuniholm, Ph.D.1Ronald E. Engle, B.S., M(ASCP)2Robert H. Purcell, M.D.2Kenrad E. Nelson, M.D.3 1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 2Laboratory of Infectious Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 3Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD
Comment on Dalmas et al. Intima-Media Thickness in Severe Obesity: Links With BMI and Metabolic Status but Not With Systemic or Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3793–3802
Authors: Teoman Dogru, Erdim Sertoglu, Hasan Gurel, Gurkan Celebi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read with great interest the recently published article by Dalmas et al. (1) in which the authors investigated the arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) and its association with systemic inflammation and adipose tissue in severely obese subjects. They concluded that IMT increased with severe obesity but was not influenced by the degree of systemic inflammation or adipose tissue macrophage accumulation. The results seem important regarding the role of adipokines, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, we think that there are some points that should be emphasized about the study.

First, it was stated that …
Oxidative DNA damage and cellular sensitivity to oxidative stress in human autoimmune diseases.
Authors: S Bashir, G Harris, M A Denman, D R Blake, P G Winyard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To estimate the extent of genomic DNA damage and killing of lymphocytes by reactive oxygen intermediates in autoimmune diseases. METHODS--8-Oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a promutagenic DNA lesion induced by reactive oxygen intermediates, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrochemical detection, in hydrolysates of DNA which had been extracted from lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leucocyte fractions of human blood. In addition, human primary blood lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A were assayed for cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide on day 0, by assessing cell proliferation during seven days of culture. RESULTS--Constitutive 8-oxodG was detectable (mean (2 SEM) moles 8-oxodG/10(6) moles deoxyguanosine) in DNA isolated from normal human blood lymphocytes (68 (8), n = 26) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (118 (24), n = 24). Lymphocyte DNA from donors with the following inflammatory autoimmune diseases contained significantly higher levels of 8-oxodG than that from healthy donors: rheumatoid arthritis (98 (16)), systemic lupus erythematosus (137 (28)), vasculitis (100 (32)), and Behçet9s disease (92 (19)). Lymphocyte 8-oxodG levels in non-autoimmune controls and patients with scleroderma were not significantly different from those of healthy controls. The levels of 8-oxodG were significantly higher in the DNA from normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes than in paired DNA samples from normal lymphocytes, but there were no differences between levels of 8-oxodG in polymorphonuclear leucocytes from normal subjects and the patients studied. Levels of 8-oxodG did not correlate with disease duration, disease severity, or age. Lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, but not those with scleroderma, also showed cellular hypersensitivity to the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSION--There was increased genomic DNA damage, and increased susceptibility to cytotoxic killing by hydrogen peroxide, in lymphocytes from patients with certain autoimmune diseases. These results might be explained by defective repair of DNA damage or by increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates in inflammation. Although more direct studies are needed, the evidence available favours the former explanation.
Blood Lactate and Pyruvate in Pulmonary Insufficiency
Authors: Frederic Eldridge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

RAISED levels of blood lactate have been known to occur with severe experimental hypoxemia for many years1 2 3 4 and have been thought to reflect an inadequacy of tissue oxygen supply. Similarly, there is elevation of lactate-pyruvate ratios that may reflect more satisfactorily the reduced tissue redox potential3 , 5 resulting from hypoxia. Most of the experimental studies in both animal and man suggest that a severe hypoxemia, with arterial oxygen saturations of 65 to 70 per cent or less and oxygen tensions (pO2) of 30 to 35 mm. of mercury or less, is necessary to produce the increase in anaerobic metabolism. . . .
Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a new imaging modality for recognition of intramucosal bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease in vivo
Authors: D. Moussata, M. Goetz, A. Gloeckner, M. Kerner, B. Campbell, A. Hoffman, S. Biesterfeld, B. Flourie, J.-C. Saurin, P. R. Galle, M. F. Neurath, A. J. M. Watson, R. Kiesslich
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spinal cord ependymal cells have stem cell properties in mice. They surround the central canal and keep expressing spinal cord developmental transcription factors. Similar cells exist in young humans however their persistence with aging is debated. We clarified this issue by collecting 17 spinal cords from organ donors, aged between 37 and 83 years old. We examined the presence of ependymal cells using immunohistochemistry on lightly-fixed tissue. We found the presence of cells expressing the typical ependymal marker FOXJ1 in the spinal cord central region in 100% of cases. In addition, a lumen surrounded by FOXJ1+ cells was observed in half of the cases. Like in mice, these human ependymal cells maintain the expression of SOX2 and PAX6 proteins together with RFX2 a master transcriptional regulator of ciliogenesis and ARL13B, a regulatory GTPase enriched in cilia. Reminiscent of the situation observed in mice and in young human spinal cord, a fetal-like regionalization of neurodevelopmental transcription factors was observed in three donors aged over 75 years: MSX1 and ARX/FOXA2 was preferentially expressed by dorsal and ventral ependymal cells, respectively. These results provide new evidence for the persistence of ependymal cells expressing neurodevelopmental genes throughout human life. The persistence of these cells in humans opens new opportunities to regenerate the spinal cord.