tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keratoconjunctivitis From Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Charles J. Przyjemski
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of keratoconjunctivitis in nursing personnel exposed to ultraviolet rays emitted by an inappropriate bulb in a desk lamp (242:1155, 1979) is important because of the increased use and availability of bacteriocidal ultraviolet lamps. Apparently, the persons involved were exposed to direct rays in addition to light apparently reflected from the desk's surface. I want to report a similar incident that occurred when, as a pathology resident, I was demonstrating anatomic specimens to a group of medical students. We were standing in front of a stainless steel bench that was illuminated by an eye-level fixture equipped with a visor to reduce glare. Incorporated into the fixture was an ultraviolet light designed to suppress the microbiologic flora of the bench top. All of the students and I awoke the following morning with the sensation of having sand in the eyes. The phenomenon was familiar to me, because
Reexpression Following Readministration of an Adenoviral Vector in Adult Mice after Initial in Utero Adenoviral Administration
Authors: Gerald S. Lipshutz, Linda Flebbe-Rehwaldt, Karin M.L. Gaensler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery is limited by the induction of immune responses that produce toxicity and prevent reexpression. To determine whether adenoviral delivery in the preimmune fetus would produce tolerance, we assessed luciferase (<i>luc</i>) expression following sequential pre- and postnatal adenoviral-mediated gene delivery. Day 15 fetuses were injected intrahepatically with 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> pfu of an adenoviral-<i>luc</i> vector (Ad-<i>luc</i>). Following <i>in utero</i> injection, hepatic <i>luc</i> expression persisted 1 month postnatally. No humoral response to adenovirus or <i>luc</i> was detected. Adult mice, previously injected <i>in utero</i>, were reinjected intravenously with 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> pfu of Ad-<i>luc</i> at 3 months of age and again at 6 months with either 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> pfu of Ad-<i>luc</i> or cationic liposome–DNA complexes (CLDC). Following the first postnatal injection, animals injected <i>in utero</i> had levels of <i>luc</i> comparable to those of age-matched naive controls. However, both control and experimental animals subsequently developed antibodies to adenovirus and <i>luc</i>. No further expression was achieved with a second postnatal injection of Ad-<i>luc</i> or with delivery of CLDC-<i>luc</i>. These studies demonstrate that the delivery of adenoviral vectors <i>in utero</i> at E15 does not elicit an immune response. However, delivery of recombinant adenovirus postnatally results in brisk and limiting immune responses regardless of the <i>in utero</i> exposure.
P87Activation of mitogen and stress activated kinase 1 (MSK1) during oxidative stress modulates apoptotic and autophagy pathways leading to cardioprotection
Authors: K Mellidis, N Dokalis, E Barlaka, A Lazou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background and purpose: Oxidative stress promotes cardiac myocyte death and it is a key factor in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Several signaling pathways have been implicated in the response of cardiac myocytes to oxidative stress including the MAPKs.  Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) plays an important role in the regulation of transcription downstream of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK while its role in the heart is less clear yet. In this study we sought to investigate the role of MSK1 in the response of cardiac myocytes during oxidative stress.

Methods/Results: Perfused rat hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and isolated adult cardiac myocytes were exposed to simulated ischemia (SI). Increased phosphorylation of MSK1 was observed after ischemia. Inhibition of MSK1 using the specific inhibitor SB747651A resulted in reduction of cell viability and increased apoptosis. At the same time, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was downregulated.  Autophagy associated proteins (LC3BI-II, p62) were also determined by immunoblotting. An increase in LC3BII/LC3BI ratio and a decrease of p62 was observed after inhibition of MSK1 during ischemia, indicating an increased autophagic flux.

Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that activation of MSK1 during oxidative stress  modulates apoptotic and autophagy mechanisms in a cardioprotective manner.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Debra Ellyn Weese-Mayer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indian childhood cirrhosis: an inherited disorder of tryptophan metabolism?
Authors: A M Sur, A Bhatti
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Urine samples from members of 29 families of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and nine families with related disorders gave positive reactions when tested with ferric chloride. Column chromatography showed that this was due to the presence of abnormally large amounts of tryptophan metabolites, notably 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Affected pedigrees had a significantly greater prevalence of peptic ulcer, adult cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, and Parkinsonism than a control population. ICC may result from an inborn error of tryptophan metabolism in susceptible ethnic groups.
"Never again," says NHS whistleblower
Authors: H. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A biochemist who lost his job after claiming that he had uncovered scientific fraud at the hospital where he worked has vowed never to blow the whistle on NHS colleagues again.

Dr Chris Chapman, a research biochemist who claimed to have uncovered serious irregularities in medical research conducted by colleagues at Leeds General Infirmary, said that as a result of his claims he was forced out of his £32000 ($51000) a year job–the only member of a team of 200 …
UK report recommends fortification of flour with folate
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The management of raised intracranial pressure is undergoing rapid change. The choice of medical treatments to reduce intracranial pressure varies between institutions and regions of the world. The mainstay of therapy, however, continues to be the infusion of a hyperosmolar solution to achieve an osmotic gradient to force the exit of water from the brain. This review introduces the basic concepts of raised intracranial pressure, summarises several recent studies that have challenged dogma in the field, and provides practical advice on hyperosmolar treatment, based on personal experience and a critical reading of the literature.
Proteasome Inhibitor Drugs on the Rise
Authors: Claudio A.P. Joazeiro, Kenneth C. Anderson, Tony Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

In May 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) fast-track status for the treatment of multiple myeloma. This landmark represented the first approval of a drug targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for any indication. More recently, at the AACR Special Conference "Ubiquitin and Cancer: From Molecular Targets and Mechanisms to the Clinic" (Orlando, FL, January 18-22, 2006), it became evident that drug discovery in the UPS is experiencing another round of great excitement. The reason--new clinical applications found for bortezomib, along with the promised success of new types of proteasome inhibitors reaching the clinic.
Another Test for Lead Effects: Early Childhood Exposure Influences End-of-Grade Scores
Authors: John Tibbetts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Chronic physical or emotional stress is known to impair the immune system, a link that may explain some of the health disparities found among different socioeconomic groups.Researchers have also found that living in poor, urban communities or near highways is linked to a greater risk of developing childhood asthma and other breathing problems.A new study now reveals that psychosocial stressors may increase children's vulnerability to the effects of traffic-related air pollution [EHP 115:1140-1146; Clougherty et al.].The researchers examined data from the Maternal-Infant Smoking Study of East Boston, which began in 1987 to establish a cohort of pregnant women.In 1997, parents or guardians of 417 children of the cohort, then aged 4 to 11.5, answered questions about the children's exposure to violence.Respondents were asked about the frequency with which the children had ever seen hitting, a shooting, or a stabbing, or heard domestic verbal abuse or gunshots.Other studies have suggested that residual trauma from witnessing episodic violence is a source of chronic stress for urban residents.About 45% of the children had witnessed at least one violent act, and almost 20% had witnessed at least two.Responses were generalized to account for variables that can affect the severity of such acts, including whether the child knew the victim or perpetrator.The researchers then acquired data collected between 1987 and 2004 on Boston levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a constituent of vehicular exhaust with a known link to asthma.They used computerized mapping tools to estimate NO 2 exposure at the children's residences in East Boston, a working-class urban neighborhood with highways running through it.About 25% of the children in the study had asthma.However, residential exposure to NO 2 was linked to asthma only among children who were above the median for exposure to violence.The association between asthma and NO 2 exposure disappeared when the researchers looked at the group as a whole.The authors conclude that their findings "indicate ancillary effects of violence on children in addition to direct injury and post-traumatic stress."Larger studies are needed to investigate other possible interactions among risk factors for asthma.It is also important to study the effects of other pollutants, including indoor air pollution.The authors observe that accurate reports about violence are difficult to obtain, and that violence exposures may be a sign of other problems with family stability that affect stress levels and health.-Tina Adler Added burden.Stress can compound the physiological effects of environmental pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide.
Lessons from vets' treatment of pets will improve people's medical treatment
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Greater collaboration between medical and veterinary researchers would improve our understanding of human disease and speed up the development of potential treatments, scientists have said.

Learning from animals as patients, a discipline known as “comparative medicine” or “one medicine,” involves combining and translating the scientific and clinical knowledge gained from human and veterinary medicine to advance the wellbeing of people as well as animals. In comparative medicine, data from animal research, rather than being derived from experiments on laboratory animals, come from research and treatment involving companion animals and livestock undertaken primarily for the benefit of the animals.

Comparative medicine is already being used at universities to improve understanding in areas such as ageing, cancer, and heart disease and is thought to have potential for accelerating research in these areas further.

Success stories include a sponge impregnated with a chemotherapeutic agent inserted locally …
Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction and Fibrosis in the Cardiomyopathic Hamster and Effects of Growth Hormone and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Tsutomu Ryoke, Yusu Gu, Lan Mao, Minoru Hongo, Ross G. Clark, Kirk L. Peterson, John Ross
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Growth hormone (GH) improves cardiac function in the rat with myocardial infarction, but its effects in a model of primary dilated cardiomyopathy have not been reported. GH effects were examined at early (4 months) and late (10 months) phases of disease in the cardiomyopathic (CM) hamster, and the combination of GH with chronic ACE inhibition was assessed in late-phase heart failure. Methods and Results —CM hamsters (CHF 147 line) at 4 months showed severe systolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with normal LV filling pressure, and at 10 months there was more severe systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction with increasing myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant human GH alone for 3 weeks at age 4 months increased LV wall thickness and reduced systolic wall stress without altering diastolic wall stress, whereas at 10 months, wall stress and fractional shortening did not improve. The LV dP/dt max was enhanced at both ages by GH, which at 4 months reflected increased contractility, but at 10 months was most likely caused by elevation of the LV filling pressure. The increasing degree of fibrosis correlated inversely with LV function but was unaffected by GH. In other CM hamsters, high-dose ACE inhibition alone (quinapril), started at 8 months and continued for 11 weeks, improved LV function and inhibited unfavorable remodeling, but the addition of GH for 3 weeks at age 10 months produced increased wall thickness with little additional functional benefit and increased the LV filling pressure and diastolic wall stress. Conclusions —GH treatment alone improved LV dysfunction at 4 months of age in CM hamsters by increasing contractility and reducing wall stress but had few beneficial effects at 10 months in severe LV failure. After chronic ACE inhibition, addition of GH at 10 months had no additional beneficial effects and further increased LV diastolic pressure. These differing effects of GH may relate to the progressive increase of LV fibrosis in the CM hamster.
Edith Potter Deats, MD
Authors: Enid Gilbert-Barness
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FACTORS RELATED TO THE GROWTH OF PSITTACOSIS VIRUS (STRAIN 6BC)
Authors: Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The inhibitory action of sodium sulfadiazine on the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in embryonated eggs is readily reversed by citrovorum factor but not by small amounts of vitamin B(12). In embryonated eggs, the pteroylglutamic acid analogues, 9-methylpteroylglutamic acid and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid, produced some suppression of the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC). 4-Aminopteroylglutamic add, 4-amino-N(10)-methylpteroylglutamic acid, and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid inhibited the growth of this virus in tissue cultures at concentrations which were not toxic for the host tissue. The inhibitory action of 4-amino-N(10)-methylpteroylglutamic acid and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid was readily overcome by addition of citrovorum factor. Growth of meningopneumonitis virus in embryonated eggs or tissue culture is suppressed by 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid. The advantages of the tissue culture technic for studies on the growth of viruses are discussed.
Blockade of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins by RGD mimetics induces anoikis and not integrin-mediated death in human endothelial cells
Authors: Sylvie Maubant, Dominique Saint-Dizier, Morgane Boutillon, Francoise Perron-Sierra, Patrick J. Casara, John A. Hickman, Gordon C. Tucker, Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling
Journal: Blood (2006)
Financial Barriers to Care Among Low-Income Children With Asthma
Authors: Vicki Fung, Ilana Graetz, Alison Galbraith, Courtnee Hamity, Jie Huang, William M. Vollmer, John Hsu, Ann Chen Wu
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes subsidies that reduce patient cost sharing for low-income families. Limited information on the effects of cost sharing among children is available to guide these efforts. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the associations between cost sharing, income, and care seeking and financial stress among children with asthma. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A telephone survey in 2012 about experiences during the prior year within an integrated health care delivery system. Respondents included 769 parents of children aged 4 to 11 years with asthma. Of these, 25.9% of children received public subsidies; 21.7% were commercially insured with household incomes at or below 250% of the federal poverty level (FPL) and 18.2% had higher cost-sharing levels for all services (eg, ≥$75 for emergency department visits). We classified children with asthma based on (1) current receipt of a subsidy (ie, Medicaid or Children’s Health Insurance Program) or potential eligibility for ACA low-income cost sharing or premium subsidies in 2014 (ie, income ≤250%, 251%-400%, or &gt;400% of the FPL) and (2) cost-sharing levels for prescription drugs, office visits, and emergency department visits. We examined the frequency of changes in care seeking and financial stress due to asthma care costs across these groups using logistic regression, adjusted for patient/family characteristics. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Switching to cheaper asthma drugs, using less medication than prescribed, delaying/avoiding any office or emergency department visits, and financial stress (eg, cutting back on necessities) because of the costs of asthma care. <h3>Results</h3> After adjustment, parents at or below 250% of the FPL with lower vs higher cost-sharing levels were less likely to delay or avoid taking their children to a physician’s office visit (3.8% vs 31.6%; odds ratio, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01-0.39]) and the emergency department (1.2% vs 19.4%; 0.05 [0.01-0.25]) because of cost; higher-income parents and those whose children were receiving public subsidies (eg, Medicaid) were also less likely to forego their children’s care than parents at or below 250% of the FPL with higher cost-sharing levels. Overall, 15.6% of parents borrowed money or cut back on necessities to pay for their children’s asthma care. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Cost-related barriers to care among children with asthma were concentrated among low-income families with higher cost-sharing levels. The ACA’s low-income subsidies could reduce these barriers for many families, but millions of dependents for whom employer-sponsored family coverage is unaffordable could remain at risk for cost-related problems because of ACA subsidy eligibility rules.
Ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: L. STANKLER, FIONA M. BENNETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A healthy man aged 34 was found by chance to present several features suggestive of ataxia telangiectasia (AT). The association between telangiectasia, recurrent infection and deficiency in IgA is discussed in relation to the findings in this patient.
STUDY OF TWO HUNDRED AND TWO CASES OF HAY-FEVER
Authors: GEORGE PINESS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In presenting these observations of a series of 202 seasonal pollen hay-fever studies in 1923, none of which were complicated with food, epidermal or miscellaneous protein sensitivity, I will discuss, in detail, the technic of the various procedures employed in their diagnosis and treatment, as well as the results obtained. Before one can undertake intelligently to diagnose and treat hay-fever, one must have a sound botanic knowledge of the region in which the hay-fever to be treated occurs. To obtain this information, it is necessary to make a complete survey of the flora in this particular locality, a chart being kept on which are noted the various pollen bearing plants, their seasons of pollination, the dates of the first and last pollination, their genera, and whether they are air-borne or insect pollinating. Since it is impossible for the clinician to do this, it becomes necessary to employ a competent botanist,
Insulin-like Growth Factors I and II, Prolactin, and Insulin in 19 Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Excessive, Normal, or Decreased Longitudinal Growth after Operation for Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Hans Bucher, Juergen Zapf, Toni Torresani, Andrea Prader, E. Rudolf Froesch, Ruth Illig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We studied insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II, prolactin, and the insulin response to arginine in 19 children with craniopharyngioma and documented growth hormone deficiency. Patients were divided into three groups according to their growth rate during the first postoperative year. Seven patients with excessive growth (Group A) had hyperinsulinism, normal IGF values, elevated basal prolactin levels, and a delayed thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which was compatible with hypothalamic lesions. In the six patients with normal growth (Group B), the insulin level was low; all other hormone values were similar to those of Group A. In the six patients with decreased growth (Group C), levels of IGF I, insulin, prolactin, and thyrotropin were low, indicating the presence of severe pituitary damage and explaining the failure to grow. Patients in all groups had low or undetectable basal levels of growth hormone. We conclude that in Group B, normal IGF permitted normal growth, and prolactin hypersecretion may have been responsible for normal IGF I values. Excessive growth in Group A may have been caused by hyperinsulinism associated with hyperphagia and obesity of hypothalamic origin.