tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial revascularization combined with intracoronary infusion of hyperosmolar solution in the early management of postinfarction ventricular septal defect. Report of a case.
Authors: E L Jones, D H Tyras, S P King, R B Logue, C R Hatcher
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A patients is described with postinfarction ventricular septal defect in whom the perforation was successfully closed within 24 hours of septal rupture. This presents the second such case reported in the literature. Adjunctive measures consisting of myocardial revascularization and intracoronary infusion of mannitol were thought to be important in the successful outcome of the operative procedure. The importance of complete preoperative cardiac catheterization with coronary arteriography is stressed. The theoretical role of endothelial and myocardial cellular edema as a cause of depressed myocardial function immediately following an ischemic insult is proposed as a practical consideration in the high mortality associated with this condition. Methods used to prevent or reverse such cell swelling are described. The details of the operation in which viable ventricle myocardium was used to fill the septal defect are presented.
Adaptation of Energy Metabolism in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Emily I. Chen, Johannes Hewel, Joseph S. Krueger, Claire Tiraby, Martin R. Weber, Anastasia Kralli, Katja Becker, John R. Yates, Brunhilde Felding-Habermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Brain metastases are among the most feared complications in breast cancer, as no therapy exists that prevents or eliminates breast cancer spreading to the brain. New therapeutic strategies depend on specific knowledge of tumor cell properties that allow breast cancer cell growth within the brain tissue. To provide information in this direction, we established a human breast cancer cell model for brain metastasis based on circulating tumor cells from a breast cancer patient and variants of these cells derived from bone or brain lesions in immunodeficient mice. The brain-derived cells showed an increased potential for brain metastasis in vivo and exhibited a unique protein expression profile identified by large-scale proteomic analysis. This protein profile is consistent with either a selection of predisposed cells or bioenergetic adaptation of the tumor cells to the unique energy metabolism of the brain. Increased expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways suggests that the brain metastatic cells derive energy from glucose oxidation. The cells further showed enhanced activation of the pentose phosphate pathway and the glutathione system, which can minimize production of reactive oxygen species resulting from an enhanced oxidative metabolism. These changes promoted resistance of brain metastatic cells to drugs that affect the cellular redox balance. Importantly, the metabolic alterations are associated with strongly enhanced tumor cell survival and proliferation in the brain microenvironment. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that predisposition or adaptation of the tumor cell energy metabolism is a key element in breast cancer brain metastasis, and raise the possibility of targeting the functional differentiation in breast cancer brain lesions as a novel therapeutic strategy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1472–86]
Normal thoracic surface potentials
Authors: B. D. YOUNG, P. W. MACFARLANE, T. D. V. LAWRIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Normal thoracic surface potentials Get access B. D. YOUNG, B. D. YOUNG 1 From the University Department of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow 1Present address: The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital, 132 Hill Street, Glasgow G3 6UD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. W. MACFARLANE, P. W. MACFARLANE From the University Department of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. D. V. LAWRIE T. D. V. LAWRIE From the University Department of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, March 1974, Pages 187–193, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.2.187 Published: 01 March 1974
Pediatrics, Neurology, and Psychiatry— Common Ground: Behavioral, Cognitive, Affective, and Physical Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>Pediatrics, Neurology, and Psychiatry—Common Ground</i>is a greatsounding title. Three specialties working together on complex medical problems is a dream seldom realized. This book, written by two child neurologists and a consultant in child psychiatry, reflects some of the problems. The book has three main parts. The first, "General Considerations," deals briefly with the suggestion that all three disciplines work together and then reviews in more depth the central and peripheral nervous systems. Part 2, "Major Clinical Problems," covers 17 subjects, from autism, depression, hysteria, behavioral regression, enuresis, hyperactivity, memory problems, mental retardation, and learning problems to drug abuse and the dying child. The various chapters in part 2 have the same format, namely, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Each has a section on correlation, including anatomic, biochemical, and physiological aspects of the particular problem. Numerous graphs and case histories are used throughout. Part 3, the conclusion, is
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AS DETERMINED BY CULTURES FROM THE BRONCHIAL SECRETION
Authors: L. EMMETT HOLT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In December, 1908, an investigation was begun in the Babies' Hospital to determine what information could be gained in respiratory infections from a study of cultures of bronchial secretions. For the first season interest centered on the<i>Bacillus influenzæ</i>to gain, if possible, some definite information as to its frequency and importance in respiratory infections, and also to see what value, if any, could be attached to sputum cultures in the diagnosis of influenza. The first season's observations extended from December, 1908, to June, 1909, and were made on 250 patients and 40 nurses in the of this paper a detailed report concerning the<i>Micrococcus catarrhalis</i>which was found in about two-thirds of the cultures made. Thus far we have not been inclined to consider its presence as significant or important. During the past season, from the middle of September, 1909, to June 1, 1910, there have been made, from
Children at risk after sperm donor develops late onset genetic disease
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A Dutch hospital has informed parents of 18 children conceived through artificial insemination that the children have a 50% chance of developing autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, inherited from affected donor sperm.

The hospital had wrestled for three years with the information, knowing that the particular subtype of the disorder can be neither identified in a carrier before symptoms appear nor properly treated.

The issue has sparked a debate over the right of children and parents to be informed in such cases and the screening of donors' gametes.

The man carrying the hereditary disorder had donated sperm …
Soil and plant factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals by plants.
Authors: D A Cataldo, R E Wildung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The use of plants to monitor heavy metal pollution in the terrestrial environment must be based on a cognizance of the complicated, integrated effects of pollutant source and soil-plant variables. To be detectable in plants, pollutant sources must significantly increase the plant available metal concentration in soil. The major factor governing metal availability to plants in soils is the solubility of the metal associated with the solid phase, since in order for root uptake to occur, a soluble species must exist adjacent to the root membrane for some finite period. The rate of release and form of this soluble species will have a strong influence on the rate and extent of uptake and, perhaps, mobility and toxicity in the plant and consuming animals. The factors influencing solubility and form of available metal species in soil vary widely geographically and include the concentration and chemical form of the element entering soil, soil properties (endogenous metal concentration, mineralogy, particle size distribution), and soil processes (e.g., mineral weathering, microbial activity), as these influence the kinetics of sorption reactions, metal concentration in solution and the form of soluble and insoluble chemical species. The plant root represents the first barrier to the selective accumulation of ions present in soil solution. Uptake and kinetic data for nutrient ions and chemically related nonnutrient analogs suggest that metabolic processes associated with root absorption of nutrients regulate both the affinity and rate of absorption of specific nonnutrient ions. Detailed kinetic studies of Ni, Cd, and Tl uptake by intact plants demonstrate multiphasic root absorption processes over a broad concentration range, and the use of transport mechanisms in place for the nutrient ions Cu, Zn, and K. Advantages and limitations of higher plants as indicators of increased levels of metal pollution are discussed in terms of these soil and plant phenomena.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Charles M. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Two adults had the syndrome of acute microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and severe oliguric renal failure. Therapy with prednisone and careful attention to fluid balance, and peritoneal dialysis in one patient, were associated with complete reversal of the syndrome. Though the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may be similar, clinical distinction is of great importance in view of the favorable prognosis of HUS, whereas TTP is almost uniformly fatal. The presence of severe renal failure at the onset of any acute microangiopathic hemolytic anemia process should alert the clinician to the diagnosis of HUS.
Reduced <i>in vivo</i> skeletal muscle oxygen consumption in patients with chronic heart failure—A study using Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS)
Authors: Khalid Abozguia, Thanh Trung Phan, Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Abdul R. Maher, Ibrar Ahmed, Anton Wagenmakers, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Blood Pressure in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Authors: R. J. Weir, E. Briggs, A. Mack, L. Naismith, L. Taylor, E. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A controlled prospective survey of women taking oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives showed increases in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 14.2 mm Hg and 8.5 mm Hg respectively after four years. The largest increases in individual cases were 36 mm Hg systolic and 20 mm Hg diastolic. Blood pressure returned to pretreatment levels within three months after oral contraceptives had been stopped. These changes in blood pressure were unrelated to the progestogenic potencies of the preparations being taken.
High Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Weight Gain Protect Obese Children and Adolescents From Truncal Adiposity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Natacha Bouhours-Nouet, Sylvie Dufresne, Florence Boux de Casson, Elisabeth Mathieu, Olivier Douay, Frédérique Gatelais, Stéphanie Rouleau, Régis Coutant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Low birth weight (LBW), no early catch-up weight, and subsequent fat accumulation have been associated with increased risks of insulin resistance from childhood onward and later cardiovascular disease. We sought to clarify the effects of high birth weight (HBW) and postnatal weight gain on insulin resistance.A total of 117 obese children aged 10.4 +/- 2.4 years were divided into three groups according to fetal growth after exclusion of maternal diabetes. They were comparable for age, sex, puberty, and percent body fat. Customized French birth weight standards, adjusted for maternal characteristics and gestation number, identified subjects with true altered fetal growth: 32 had increased fetal growth according to customized standards (HBWcust), 52 were eutrophic, and 33 had restricted fetal growth according to customized standards (LBWcust). Fat distribution by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, insulin sensitivity indexes from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels were compared between groups.The HBWcust subjects had a higher adiponectin level, higher whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), and lower hepatic insulin resistance index, lower insulin and free fatty acid concentrations during OGTT, and lower trunk fat percent than eutrophic (P < 0.05) and LBWcust subjects (P < 0.05). Besides birth weight, weight gain between 0 and 2 years was a positive predictor (P < 0.05) of WBISI, whereas weight gain after 4 years was a negative predictor (P < 0.05).HBW and early weight gain may program insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism and contribute to so-called metabolically healthy obesity.
Acute Hemodynamic Interaction of Aspirin and Ticlopidine With Enalapril
Authors: Christian Spaulding, Bernard Charbonnier, Alain Cohen-Solal, Yves Juillière, Eckhard Peter Kromer, Khaldoun Benhamda, Romain Cador, Simon Weber
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Coprescription of aspirin and ACE inhibitors is frequent in heart failure caused by coronary artery disease. Negative interaction between aspirin and enalapril has been reported, presumably through inhibition by aspirin of ACE inhibitor–induced prostaglandin synthesis. Ticlopidine is a potent antiplatelet agent without interaction with prostaglandin synthesis. Methods and Results —The objective of this study was to compare the influence of a coadministration of ticlopidine or aspirin on the hemodynamic effects of an ACE inhibitor (enalapril) in patients with chronic heart failure. Twenty patients with severe heart failure were enrolled in a double-blind comparative trial and allocated to ticlopidine (500 mg daily, 12 patients) or aspirin (325 mg daily, 8 patients). Hemodynamic evaluation was performed after 7 days of treatment, every hour for 4 hours after an oral administration of 10 mg of enalapril. Significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance were observed in the ticlopidine group, in contrast to no significant decrease in the aspirin group. A significant ( P =0.03) time-by-treatment interaction indicated significant aspirin-enalapril drug interaction. Total pulmonary resistance decreased significantly in both groups, with no difference between patients assigned to aspirin or ticlopidine. Conclusions —Enalapril reduced systemic vascular resistance more effectively when given in combination with ticlopidine than with aspirin. In contrast, the reduction in total pulmonary resistance is similar when enalapril is administered in combination with aspirin or ticlopidine. Negative aspirin-enalapril interaction on prostaglandin synthesis presumably alters vasodilatation in systemic vessels, whereas prostaglandin-independent actions of ACE inhibition such as pulmonary arterial vasodilatation are maintained.
Transepithelial potential difference in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J G Hay, D M Geddes
Journal: Thorax (1985)

In cystic fibrosis the potential difference between interstitial fluid and the surface of respiratory and sweat duct epithelia is abnormally large. This study attempted to confirm this finding and investigate its value for a diagnostic test. With a subcutaneous reference electrode the mean potential difference of the inferior turbinate was -25 mv in 19 patients with cystic fibrosis, which was significantly greater than the difference of -13 mv in 22 normal subjects (p less than 0.02). Of the observations in the patients with cystic fibrosis, 67% were greater than the largest potential difference observed in normal individuals. Potential differences from the lip and forearm were also significantly greater in cystic fibrosis than in normal subjects, but there was considerable overlap. Changes in the electrical properties of nasal epithelium and skin have been confirmed in cystic fibrosis, but these have limited use for diagnosis.
Guidelines for care of contact dermatitis
Authors: J. Bourke, I. Coulson, J. English
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

These guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis have been prepared for dermatologists on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists. They present evidence-based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines, including details of relevant epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and investigation.
Managing nocturia
Authors: Lisa M Gillen, Serge P Marinkovic, Stuart L Stanton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-The Data Protection Act 1998 does not prohibit the processing of personal information for medical research purposes.Indeed, it is clear from section 33 of the act that such processing is expressly permitted.If it were otherwise, then the act would be in direct conflict with the core aims of the laws that underpin it-namely, the Council of Europe Convention of 1981 and the European Union Directive of 1995.These laws seek to facilitate data processing activities, primarily "free flows" of information, rather than suppress data processing.The problems to which Peto et al refer in their editorial on data protection, informed consent, and research are not Data Protection Act problems but, rather, problems caused by ignorance and misunderstanding. 1 With basic training on the key mechanisms of the act the problems of which the authors complain can be easily overcome.Training need not be an expensive task either.Legal compliance can be achieved at comparatively modest cost.There are two additional points of note.Firstly, the Data Protection Act regulates the processing of personal information relating to living individuals.Thus, research following death is not regulated.Secondly, the act and case law make clear that information will not be "personal data" if it does not identify a living person or if it does not have the individual as its focus or is not significantly biographical.So, if medical researchers do not actually need or seek identification information the act should not be engaged.
Effect of asthma and its treatment on growth: four year follow up of cohort of children from general practices in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: C McCowan, R G Neville, G E Thomas, I K Crombie, R A Clark, I W Ricketts, A Y Cairns, F C Warner, S A Greene, E White
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate whether asthma or its treatment impairs children9s growth, after allowing for socioeconomic group. <b>Design:</b> 4 year follow up of a cohort of children aged 1-15. <b>Setting:</b> 12 general practices in the Tayside region of Scotland. <b>Subjects:</b> 3347 children with asthma or features suggestive of asthma registered with the general practices. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Height and weight standard deviation scores. <b>Results:</b> Children who lived in areas of social deprivation (assessed by postcode) had lower height and weight than their contemporaries (mean standard deviation score −0.26 (SD 1.02) and −0.18 (1.15) respectively, P&lt;0.001 for both). Children who were receiving ≥400 μg daily of inhaled steroids and who were attending both hospital and general practice for asthma care had lower height and weight than average, independent of the effect of deprivation (mean standard deviation score −0.62 (1.01), P=0.002, for height and −0.58 (0.94), P=0.005, for weight). Children receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids also showed lower growth rates (mean change in standard deviation score −0.19 (0.51), P=0.003). However, no other children with asthma showed growth impairment. <b>Conclusion:</b> Most children with asthma were of normal height and weight and had normal growth rates. However, children receiving high doses of inhaled steroids and requiring both general practice and hospital services had a significant reduction in their stature. This effect was independent from but smaller than the effect of socioeconomic group on stature. <h3>Key messages</h3> Social deprivation has an adverse effect on the height and weight of children irrespective of any disease process Neither asthma nor its treatments had any noticeable effect on the height and weight of most of the children in this primary care study Children who received high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and used hospital services for asthma were shorter and lighter than their contemporaries after social deprivation was allowed for Children receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids had lower than normal growth rates
Somatic mutations altering EZH2 (Tyr641) in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of germinal-center origin
Authors: Ryan D Morin, Nathalie A Johnson, Tesa M Severson, Andrew J Mungall, Jianghong An, Rodrigo Goya, Jessica E Paul, Merrill Boyle, Bruce W Woolcock, Florian Kuchenbauer, Damian Yap, R Keith Humphries, Obi L Griffith, Sohrab Shah, Henry Zhu, Michelle Kimbara, Pavel Shashkin, Jean F Charlot, Marianna Tcherpakov, Richard Corbett, Angela Tam, Richard Varhol, Duane Smailus, Michelle Moksa, Yongjun Zhao, Allen Delaney, Hong Qian, Inanc Birol, Jacqueline Schein, Richard Moore, Robert Holt, Doug E Horsman, Joseph M Connors, Steven Jones, Samuel Aparicio, Martin Hirst, Randy D Gascoyne, Marco A Marra
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Asbestos and Mesothelioma
Authors: VOLKER SCHEIDEMANDEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Commments1 June 1971Asbestos and MesotheliomaVOLKER SCHEIDEMANDEL, M.D.VOLKER SCHEIDEMANDEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-6-1014_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The excellent report by Gaensler and Kaplan (Ann Intern Med74:178-191, 1971) suggests a likely association between asbestos exposure and 12 patients with "idiopathic" pleural effusions. In this series one case of mesothelioma was recognized 9 years after the first documented effusion. The authors state that the role of asbestos exposure in the development of mesothelioma has been explored extensively since the initial report by Wagner, Sleggs, and Marchand in 1960 (1). Review of the literature, however, indicates that in 1953 Weiss (2) reported a case of a former asbestos insulation worker who presented with a right...References1. WAGNER J, SLEGGS C, and MARCHAND P: Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure on the Northwestern Cape Province. Brit J Industr Med 17:260-271, 1960 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. WEISS A: Pleurakrebs bei Lungenasbestose, in vivo morphologisch gesichert. Medizinische 1:93-94, 1953 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: VOLKER SCHEIDEMANDEL, M.D.Affiliations: 7403 S.W. 82nd St. Miami, Fla. 33143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1971Volume 74, Issue 6Page: 1014-1014KeywordsCase seriesMesotheliomaPleural effusion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...