tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Expression in Axillary Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: D. Yee, J. Sharma, S. G. Hilsenbeck
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Background: Cellular proliferation, as measured by S-phase fraction, is an important predictor of breast cancer prognosis. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been shown to regulate proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. In addition to these receptors, high-affinity extracellular binding proteins also modulate IGF action. These insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) could influence breast cancer growth and, like other biological parameters of proliferation, could be related to prognosis. Purpose: To test whether IGFBP expression was related to other biological parameters and disease-free survival, we measured IGFBP expression in 238 lymph node-negative primary breast cancer specimens. Methods: Proteins were extracted from breast cancer specimens and analyzed by semiquantitative IGF-I ligand blotting for IGFBP expression. IGFBP expression levels were compared to tumor size, age, S-phase fraction, DNA ploidy, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression by Spearman correlation. Results: Binding protein (BP)-2, BP-3, BP-4, and BP-5 were identified in breast cancer extracts. Estrogen receptor expression was positively correlated with BP-2 (Spearman correlation coefficient, r s = .262; P = .0001), BP-4 ( r s = .313; P = .0001), and BP-5 ( r s = .242; P = .0002). Similar correlations between progesterone receptor and BP-2, BP-4, and BP-5 were also found. BP-3 was inversely correlated with age ( r s = −.251, P = .0001). BP-4 was weakly inversely correlated with tumor size ( r s = −.141; P = .0295) and S-phase fraction ( r s = −.216; P = .0025). Since tumor size and S-phase fraction are powerful predictors of prognosis in node-negative breast cancer, we examined the value of BP-4 as a predictor of disease-free survival. When stratified by tumor size, patients with large (>2 cm) tumors that expressed low levels of BP-4 had improved survival when compared with patients with large tumors and high BP-4 levels ( P = .001). Conclusions: IGFBPs can be detected in breast cancer specimens, and their level of expression correlates with other known biological parameters of breast cancer. Large tumors with low levels of BP-4 have relatively favorable prognoses. Implications: These data suggest that the IGFBPs may play a role in breast cancer biology and that BP-4 levels, analyzed in conjunction with tumor size, may have prognostic significance. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1785–1789, 1994]
Respiratory effects of exposure to methacrylates among dental assistants
Authors: M. S. Jaakkola, T. Leino, L. Tammilehto, P. Ylöstalo, E. Kuosma, K. Alanko
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Case reports of occupational asthma in dental personnel have been published, but there is little data on the risk of respiratory disorders related to occupational exposure to methacrylates in dental assistants. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of exposure to methacrylates to occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases among dental assistants. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of female dental assistants from the membership register of the Finnish Association of Dental Hygienists and Assistants was conducted in the Helsinki metropolitan area. A CATI was carried out to collect information on health and exposures. A total of 799 dental assistants participated (response rate 87%). Results: Daily use of methacrylates was related to a significantly increased risk of adult‐onset asthma (adjusted OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.14–7.24), nasal symptoms (1.37, 1.02–1.84), and work‐related cough or phlegm (1.69, 1.08–2.71). Nasal symptoms showed a dose–response relation with increasing years of exposure to methacrylates, and those with &gt;10 years of exposure had also increased risk of hoarseness, dyspnoea, and wheezing with dyspnoea. Dental assistants with a history of atopic diseases were particularly susceptible to exposure to methacrylates, the adjusted OR for adult asthma being in this group 4.18 (95% CI 1.02–28.55) and for nasal symptoms 2.11 (1.08–4.19). Conclusions: This study provides new evidence that the risk of adult‐onset asthma, nasal symptoms and other respiratory symptoms increase significantly with daily use of methacrylates in dental assistants’ work. The results suggest that exposure to methacrylates poses an important occupational hazard for dental assistants.
THE NATURE AND HISTO-PATHOLOGY OF THE EPIPHARYNGEAL TONSIL.
Authors: NORVAL H. PIERCE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The body which is known as the third, pharyngeal, or better, epipharyngeal tonsil, and when hyperplastic, as adenoids, is situated at the superior part of the posterior wall of the epipharyngeal space, and constitutes the upper portion of Waldeyer's ring, the median and lower portions of which are completed respectively by the faucial and lingual tonsils, the whole being connected by a system of delicate lymphatic vessels and nodes. While the honor of first disclosing the local and remote significance of adenoids belongs to Wilhelm Meyer, first in 1868, then in 1873, their existence can hardly be said to have been altogether unknown to the ancient writers. Although he was ignorant of the real cause, Hippocrates, in the 7th Book of Epidemics, gives the clinical picture of adenoids with the concomitant ear discharge, headache, irregularity of the teeth, V-shaped palate, etc. We may gather from Celsus that the effects of
Nomenclature for Pulmonary Findings
Authors: Jean-Claude Yernault
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1989Nomenclature for Pulmonary FindingsJean-Claude Yernault, MD, PhDJean-Claude Yernault, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-3-248_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Sherry and coworkers (1) reported nine cases of "acute onset bronchospasm" unresponsive to "aggressive bronchodilator therapy" in patients without a history of asthma, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.According toDorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary(2), abronchospasmis a spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi; this occurs in patients with asthma. Did bronchospasm occur in these patients? Presumably not; aggressive therapy with bronchospasmolytic drugs administered both by the intravenous and by the inhalation route did not result in a consistent improvement in the clinical status of the patients. One of the major...References1. SherryKlainerWolffGerhard MAMH. Herpetic tracheobronchitis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:229-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 26th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1981. Google Scholar3. LoudonMurphy RR State of the art: lung sounds. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;130:663-73. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. MikamiMuraoCugell RMD. Special reports: international symposium on lung sounds. Synopsis of proceedings. Chest. 1987;92:342-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CherniackAltose NM. Mechanisms of dyspnea. Clin Chest Med. 1987;8:207-14. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jean-Claude Yernault, MD, PhDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1989Volume 110, Issue 3Page: 248-248KeywordsAsthmaBronchiBronchodilatorsChronic bronchitisChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDrug therapyInhalationPulmonary diseasesSmooth muscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADHESIVENESS OF HUMAN LEUCOCYTES AND PLATELETS IN VITRO
Authors: James E. Garvin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Some factors affecting the retention of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lymphocytes, and platelets on a siliconized glass bead column were explored. PMN were more effectively retained when the flow rates were slow and the columns long. They were found largely on the upper portions of the columns except with rapid flow rates when they spread down the columns. PMN retention on the columns was greatest in the range 30 degrees -43 degrees C. Both magnesium and calcium ions were required for full adhesiveness; calcium ions alone were unable to restore adhesiveness to PMN from blood which had been treated with a chelating resin to remove divalent cations. The adhesiveness of the PMN was independent of cyanide and dinitrophenol, but was almost completely eliminated by iodoacetamide. Under all the conditions mentioned above in which adhesiveness was lost there was a concurrent loss of the usual ability of the PMN to migrate, but at least in the presence of EDTA, a capacity to change shape by pseudopod formation remained. Lymphocytes were retained on the columns to a much lesser extent than the PMN under all conditions and, within limits, this retention was not related to either flow rate or column length. Maximum lymphocyte retention occurred in the range 30 degrees -43 degrees C. No dependence of lymphocyte adhesiveness was shown for divalent cations, cyanide, dinitrophenol, or iodoacetamide, but such dependence is not excluded by the data obtained. Platelets were largely retained by the glass bead columns under most conditions and this was unrelated to temperature in the range 0 degrees -50 degrees C. Their adhesiveness was found to require either magnesium or calcium ions and to be blocked by iodoacetamide.
Falling Threshold for Treatment of Borderline Elevated Thyrotropin Levels—Balancing Benefits and Risks
Authors: Peter N. Taylor, Ahmed Iqbal, Caroline Minassian, Adrian Sayers, Mohd S. Draman, Rosemary Greenwood, William Hamilton, Onyebuchi Okosieme, Vijay Panicker, Sara L. Thomas, Colin Dayan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Rates of thyroid hormone prescribing in the United States and the United Kingdom have increased substantially. If some of the increase is due to lowering the thyrotropin threshold for treatment, this may result in less benefit and greater harm.To define trends in thyrotropin levels at the initiation of levothyroxine sodium therapy and the risk of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level following treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND EXPOSURE: Retrospective cohort study using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Among 52,298 individuals who received a prescription for levothyroxine between January 1, 2001, and October 30, 2009, we extracted data about the thyrotropin level before levothyroxine therapy initiation, clinical symptoms, and thyrotropin levels up to 5 years after levothyroxine was initiated. We excluded persons who had a history of hyperthyroidism, pituitary disease, or thyroid surgery; those who were taking thyroid-altering medication or if the levothyroxine prescription was related to pregnancy; and those who did not have a thyrotropin level measured within 3 months before the initiation of levothyroxine.The median thyrotropin level at the time of the index levothyroxine prescription, the odds of initiation of levothyroxine therapy at thyrotropin levels of 10.0 mIU/L or less, and the age-stratified odds of developing a low or suppressed thyrotropin level after levothyroxine therapy.Between 2001 and 2009, the median thyrotropin level at the initiation of levothyroxine therapy fell from 8.7 to 7.9 mIU/L. The odds ratio for prescribing levothyroxine at thyrotropin levels of 10.0 mIU/L or less in 2009 compared with 2001 (adjusted for changes in population demographics) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.19-1.42; P < .001). Older individuals and individuals with cardiac risk factors had higher odds of initiation of levothyroxine therapy with a thyrotropin level 10.0 mIU/L or less. At 5 years after levothyroxine initiation, 5.8% of individuals had a thyrotropin level of <0.1 mIU/L. Individuals with depression or tiredness at baseline had increased odds of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level, whereas individuals with cardiac risk factors (eg, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and raised lipid levels) did not.We observed a trend toward levothyroxine treatment of more marginal degrees of hypothyroidism and a substantial risk of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level following therapy. Large-scale prospective studies are required to assess the risk-benefit ratio of current practice.
Preliminary Study of Pre-Metastatic Niche (PMN) in Nonmetastatic Nodes for the Assessment of Metastasis Risk in Breast Cancer (BC).
Authors: V. Adamo, A. Ieni, N. Caristi, R. Scarfì, V. Barresi, G. Giuffrè, B. Adamo, F. Colonese, G. Ferraro, G. Ricciardi, G. Tuccari
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) seem to participate in early spread of cancer cells by forming a peculiar and highly organized micro-environment called PMN. Identifying such HPCs in the PMNs is emerging as a key step in assessing risk of metastasis.In this preliminary study we analysed 294 axillar nodes (271 pN0 and 23 pN1a) obtained from 30 pts undergone surgery for breast ductal invasive carcinoma in the period 1998-2000.Pts mean age was 61.2 years (range 45-79); 9 pts (30%) were premenopausal and 21 (70%) postmenopausal; 13 pts (43.3%) had ER+, 10 (33.3%) PR+; MIB1 was ≤ 25% in 22 pts (73.3%), &amp;gt;25% in 6 (20%), unknown in 2 pts. After a median follow-up of 81.27 mos (range 12–136), 14 pts are disease-free, 9 pts dead of metastatic disease. Involved sites were: 1 loco-regional, 7 bone, 3 lung, 4 liver, 1 brain.Samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 12-72 hrs and included in paraffin at 56°C; 4 mm thick sections were pre-treated in microwave owen in 10 mM citric acid, pH 6.0 and incubated overnight with the following poly/mono-clonal antisera: VEGF-R1 (Santa Cruz Biothechnology 1:400),CD 133(Abgent 1:80),CD 117 (DAKO 1:500),CD-34 (DAKO 1:50).Clusters of immunoreactive cells were evident with CD 117 and CD 34 in all nodes.A different degree of immunopositivity was found with VEGR-R1 and CD 133 antibodies for different sites of metastasis; in particular, the cases spread in lungs, liver and central nervous system were more immunoreactive, compared to those with bone localization. All nodes classified as pN1a showed no immunoreactivity.The prognostic significance of HPCs in PMN needs to be further investigated, especially in node-negative BCs. The immunomorphologic aspect of the lymph node microenvironment could have significant clinical implications, in order to optimize BC therapeutic strategies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6024.
The middle ground
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The middle ground Contemporary politics thrives on confrontation: in the United States, Britain, and much of the West issues are polarised into black and white alternatives."Those who are not with me are against me" say our leaders, ignoring the possibility of conciliation and compromise.In public life these attitudes are damaging; in science they are disastrous.How welcome, therefore, is Sir Douglas Black's deceptively short book An Anthology of False Anti- theses.'Like Tiresias, he has foresuffered all: he has been professor of medicine at Manchester, chief scientist at the Department of Health, and president of the Royal College of Physicians of London, and is uniquely qualified to comment on the way medical issues are currently debated.Sir Douglas has collected a dozen or so examples of such arguments that are usually presented in either/or terms.Should medical research efforts be concentrated on applied rather than pure research?Is community care preferable to treatment in hospital?Should students be taught holistic rather than scientific medicine?Should resources be diverted from acute to chronic medicine?
Polymorphism of Fc receptor on murine B cells is Igh-linked.
Authors: C M Baum, J P McKearn, R Riblet, J M Davie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Analysis of mouse IgG binding to Fc receptors on mouse B cells indicates that the IgG1, IgG2a, and IgGb subclasses bind to the same receptor. No differences in affinity were detected among subclass or between mouse strains. This same receptor bound rat IgG with an affinity that differed between mouse strains. This polymorphism in affinity for rat IgG maps to chromosome 12 distal to the Igh locus.
Heat shock protein 72 level decreases during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Authors: T Noguchi, K Chin, M Ohi, H Kita, N Otsuka, T Tsuboi, M Satoh, A Nakai, K Kuno, K Nagata
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) suffer from stresses related to repetitive apneas during sleep. To examine whether the level of 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) increases during sleep, 11 OSAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index: 63.5 +/- 36.1, mean +/- SD) underwent polysomnography and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated before, during, and after sleep. HSP72 level was determined by Western blotting and hsp72 mRNA level was quantified by Northern blotting. Nine normal subjects without OSAS were examined as normal controls. HSP72 level decreased progressively during sleep and its level at 8:00 A.M. was 78.0 +/- 17.5% of that at 8:00 P.M. (p < 0.01). No such decrease was seen in normal subjects. When OSAS patients received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) therapy, HSP72 level did not decrease significantly. In untreated OSAS patients, hsp72 mRNA level decreased during sleep (p < 0.01). When OSAS patients were treated with NCPAP therapy, the decrease in hsp72 mRNA level was not observed. HSP72 level before sleep in OSAS patients was higher than that in normal subjects (p < 0.01). We concluded that repetitive apneas caused high HSP72 level before sleep in OSAS patients and that NCPAP therapy had significant effect on HSP72 levels during sleep.
THE NEURODERMATOSES AND INTELLIGENCE.
Authors: CECIL B. KIDD, J. CALDBECK MEENAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE NEURODERMATOSES AND INTELLIGENCE. Get access CECIL B. KIDD, M.B., D.P.M., CECIL B. KIDD, M.B., D.P.M. Senior Registrar in Psychiatry, Purdysburn Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CALDBECK MEENAN, M. B., D. P.M. J. CALDBECK MEENAN, M. B., D. P.M. Registrar in Psychiatry, Purdysburn Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 4, 1 April 1961, Pages 134–136, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14421.x Published: 01 April 1961
Hepatic abnormalities in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Nadeem Hussain, Jordan J. Feld, David E. Kleiner, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Reyes Garcia-Eulate, Sushil Ahlawat, Deloris E. Koziel, Victoria Anderson, Dianne Hilligoss, Peter Choyke, John I. Gallin, Jake T. Liang, Harry L. Malech, Steven M. Holland, Theo Heller
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by repeated bacterial and fungal infections. Aside from a high incidence of liver abscess, little is known about hepatic involvement in CGD. The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum of liver abnormalities seen in CGD. The charts of 194 patients with CGD followed at the NIH were reviewed, with a focus on liver abnormalities. Liver enzyme elevations occurred on at least one occasion in 73% of patients during a mean of 8.9 years of follow-up. ALT elevations were generally transient. Although transient alkaline phosphatase (ALP) elevations were also common, persistent ALP elevations lasting up to 17.6 years were seen in 25% of patients. Liver abscess occurred in 35% of patients. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity was documented in 15% of patients but likely occurred more frequently. Hepatomegaly was found in 34% and splenomegaly in 56% of patients. Liver histology showed granulomata in 75% and lobular hepatitis in 90% of specimens. Venopathy of the portal vein was common (80%) and associated with splenomegaly. Venopathy of the central vein was also common (63%) and was associated with the number of abscess episodes. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) was seen in 9 patients, including 6 of 12 autopsy specimens.Liver enzyme abnormalities occur frequently in patients with CGD. In addition to liver abscesses and granulomata, drug hepatotoxicity is likely underappreciated. Vascular lesions such as venopathy and--to a lesser extent--NRH are common. The cause and clinical consequences of venopathy await prospective evaluation.
Motexafin lutetium phototherapy decreases vascular inflammation in rabbit atheroma: Implications for vulnerable plaque therapy
Authors: Yi-Ping Sun, Quan Zheng, Shanhong Ling, Patti Thieman, Wai-Fung Cheong, Daniel Adelman, Steven Lacy, Krishnankutty Sudhir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cold Lesion of a Vertebral Angioma With Tc-99m–Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies Against Granulocytes
Authors: FRANCESCO GIACOMUZZI, FERNANDO Di GREGORIO, DECIO CAPOBIANCO, MAURIZIO DE CRISTOFARO, CARLO ADOLFO MORETTI, UGO PAOLO GUERRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Antigranulocyte immunoscintigraphy is indicated for diagnostic imaging to determine the location and extent of infection. We present a case of a focal cold lesion in a vertebra of a patient thought to have a septic focal lesion. Whole-body scanning and dorsal spine SPECT revealed no focal increased uptake. CT and MR studies revealed the presence of a vertebral angioma. Conditions associated with a defect of uptake in immunoscintigraphy are discussed.
Resuscitation: How Do We Decide?
Authors: Mary E. Charlson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Physicians have to address the question of the measures to be employed in the event that a patient's condition deteriorates after admission to the hospital. To identify the information that physicians use in making such decisions, all 604 patients admitted to the medical service during a one-month period were studied. The patient's age and residents' estimates of the patient's long-term prognosis and ability to function were the three primary factors that correlated with intervention preferences. When illness severity, the reason for admission, comorbidity, and poor function were taken into account, mortality and morbidity rates did not differ between patients for whom full vs not-full intervention was favored. Apart from differential rates of admission to critical care units, there were no important differences in the care, course, or mortality of patients for whom less than full intervention was initially favored. Suggestions that physicians should discuss resuscitation with all or most patients who may die are unrealistic. A more prudent strategy is to discuss the issue with patients whose hospital course is marked by a steady deterioration. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1316-1322)