tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis and management of erythrocytosis
Authors: C. Keohane, M. F. McMullin, C. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2013)

pointsErythrocytosis is a common reason for referral to haematology services and is usually secondary in origin Referral thresholds for iron replete patients are packed cell volume persistently >0.52 in men and >0.48 in womenThe cause can often be elucidated from a detailed medical and drug history Common secondary causes include smoking, hypoxia, and diuretics Intervention is not always indicated, and the decision to venesect is often made on a case by case basis after a risk-benefit assessment True polycythaemia vera is rare.It carries an increased risk of thrombosis and progression to myelofibrosis or leukaemia and requires specialist management Sources and selection criteriaWe searched PubMed to identify peer reviewed original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews.We considered only those papers that were written in English, published from 1966 until the present day, which described studies that had adequate scientific validity.The authors' own collections and older references generated from initial papers were also examined.Randomised trials and series of patients and single case reports were considered if appropriate.
107 ACCELERATED ENTRY INTO S PHASE AND INCREASED HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN C-JUN CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT MICE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF THE CAR AGONIST TCPOBOP
Authors: V.P. Leoni, M. Simbula, M. Pibiri, M.A. Kowalik, P. Sulas, M. Ravo, O. Grober, A. Weisz, G.M. Ledda-Columbano, A. Columbano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Review of Allen Buchanan,<i>Better than Human</i>:<i>The Promise and Perils of Enhancing Ourselves</i>
Authors: Simon M. Outram
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Haven't humans always been engaged in enhancement? Isn't evolution itself a process of enhancement–sometimes for the benefit of all and sometimes not? I suspect Allen Buchanan's answer to both of t...
Rupture of Muscles of Forearm
Authors: G. M. Sleggs
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA.which yielded another pint (570 ml.) of yellow pus.On this latter finding the cavity was drained after the instillation of 100,000 units of penicillin.Convalescence following operation was uneventful.The pus from the abscess was sterile and yielded no amoebae.Repeated examinations of the stools failed to demonstrate the entamoeba, either in the cyst or vegetative form.X-ray examination of the bowel showed no pathological change.Sigmoidoscopy at this stage revealed the smooth, pale, glassy and rather rigid mucous membrane associated with chronic amoebiasis.A full anti-amoebic course was therefore given, the response being immediate and dramatic.This patient was carefully questioned in order to elicit a possible source of infection.He lives in a Surrey suburb.Neither he nor any of his family has ever been out of the country, nor have any of his friends or business associates.He had no illnesses or symptoms until the day of admission to hospital.
Tissue Matching and Early Rejection of Cadaveric-Donor Renal Allografts: The Importance of Unidentified Donor Antigens
Authors: J. H. Stewart, K. M. Cook, A. M. Sharp, J. M. Johnston, A. G. R. Sheil, D. Jeremy, H. Bashir
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Tissue typing has been reviewed in a series of 100 technically successful cadaveric-donor kidney grafts. The criterion of transplant failure was immunological rejection causing total loss of function within three months of operation.No significant correlation was observed between matching grade and graft failure due to early acute rejection. This is attributed to the failure to detect at least one "LA" or "4" antigen (as defined in our laboratory), representing a potential incompatibility, in 89% of the grafts, and in the remaining 11% to the lack of an available recipient with identical "LA" and "4" typing. Undetected antigens on the donor are usually incompatible, and probably these incompatibilities unfavourably influence early graft survival.If the results of cadaveric-donor renal transplantation are to equal those of transplantation from well-matched living related donors it will be necessary to type with sera which can recognize individually all HL-A antigens, including those not yet identified, and to create an international pool of over 1,000 potential recipients.
Role of lung scanning in assessing the resectability of bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: D A Ellis, T Hawkins, G J Gibson, S Nariman
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Ventilation and perfusion lung scans were performed in 58 patients before operation for bronchial carcinoma to determine in which patients the lung scan was most useful for assessing mediastinal spread and resectability of the tumour. Perfusion of the affected lung was less with larger and more centrally situated tumours. Perfusion was also less for left-sided than for right-sided tumours but this is explained by the normal differential perfusion of the right and left lungs. The lung scan was unhelpful in predicting resectability of peripheral tumours, but with central tumours if perfusion of the affected lung was less than 25% of the total perfusion the lesion was likely to be non-resectable because of spread to the mediastinum. Airways obstruction was present in 67% of the patients but did not interfere with the interpretation of the scans. In most cases ventilation scans provided no additional information, and the use of krypton-81 m as a sensitive indicator of regional ventilation did not improve on the predictive value of the perfusion scan.
Limitations of faecal chymotrypsin as a screening test.
Authors: G Cavallini, L Benini
Journal: Gut (1991)

currently using balloon dilatation as opposed to bougies, in the hope that shearing stress on the fragile mucosa is reduced,2 but repeat dilata- tion after either technique seems to be equally common.Thirdly, we feel that oesophageal replacement should be avoided, owing to the particular problems of surgical and anaesthetic management.3Strictures do not always recur after dilatation and none ofour 258 patients has needed oesophageal surgery.Lastly, it is worth noting that an 'inverse' form of dystrophic EB exists, probably with recessive inheritance, in which oropharyngeal and oesophageal involve- ment may be severe, but skin lesions relatively mild.4The management of such difficult problems requires a multidisciplinary approach, with cooperation between dermatologists, gastroenterologists, ENT surgeons, plastic surgeons, anaesthetists, radiologists, and dietitians.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful bedside technique to assess malnutrition in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites
Authors: Matthias Pirlich, Tatjana Schütz, Theo Spachos, Siegfried Ertl, Marie-Luise WeiΒ, Herbert Lochs, Mathias Plauth
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Protein–calorie malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis in chronic liver disease, but reliable assessment is hampered by changes in body water. We prospectively evaluated the effect of fluid retention on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a simple method for the estimation of body cell mass (BCM BIA ) in 41 patients with cirrhosis (n = 20 with ascites; n = 21 without ascites) using total body potassium counting (BCM TBP ) as a reference method. Arm muscle area and creatinine–derived lean body mass were compared with total body potassium data. In patients total body potassium was 24.4% lower than in controls and this loss was more severe in patients with ascites (-34.1%; P &lt; .01). BCM BIA and BCM TBP were closely correlated in controls ( r 2 = .87, P &lt; .0001), patients without ascites ( r 2 = .94, P &lt; .0001) and patients with ascites ( r 2 = .56, P &lt; .0001). Removal of 6.2 ± 3 L of ascites had only minor effects on BCM BIA (deviation of -0.18 kg/L ascites). Limits of agreement between both methods were wider in patients with ascites than in patients without (6.2 vs. 4.2 kg). In patients without ascites arm muscle area (r 2 = .64; P &lt; .001) and lean body mass (r 2 = .55; P &lt; .001) correlated significantly with total body potassium, but not in patients with ascites. For assessment of protein malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis, body cell mass determination by use of BIA offers a considerable advantage over other widely available but less accurate methods like anthropometry or the creatinine approach. Despite some limitations in patients with ascites, BIA is a reliable bedside tool for the determination of body cell mass in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites.
Endoscopic removal of sharp metallic foreign bodies
Authors: S. Nijhawan, V. Singh, P. Mallikaarjun, P. Jain, M. Tandon, M. Rastogi, A. Mathur, R. Rai
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Metallic foreign bodies have been removed under fluoroscopic control but this can be hazardous [1] [2]. We describe here an endoscopic method for removal of sharp metallic foreign bodies using a magnetic retrieval instrument we designed ourselves.
Inv(11)(q21q23) fuses MLL to the Notch co-activator mastermind-like 2 in secondary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: M Metzler, M S Staege, L Harder, D Mendelova, J Zuna, E Fronkova, C Meyer, T Flohr, D Bednarova, J Harbott, T Langer, S Gesk, J Trka, R Siebert, T Dingermann, R Marschalek, C Niemeyer, W Rascher
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Arrhythmic activity in reoxygenated guinea pig papillary muscles and ventricular cells.
Authors: H Hayashi, C Ponnambalam, T F McDonald
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Aftercontractions, delayed afterdepolarizations, and automaticity occurred in guinea pig papillary muscles that were reoxygenated after hypoxic conditioning. The emergence of dysfunction was dependent on the severity of hypoxic conditioning and on stimulation during reoxygenation. After 60 minutes of substrate-free hypoxia, reoxygenation induced automaticity in a high proportion of stimulated muscles; the automaticity appeared within 1 minute and lasted for 10-20 minutes. After similar conditioning, muscles reoxygenated for 7-15 minutes were stimulated at various cycle lengths. The incidence of automaticity and the amplitudes of delayed events had W-shaped dependencies on cycle length (200-1,000 msec), whereas coupling intervals had M-shaped dependencies. In ventricular myocytes that displayed automaticity after reoxygenation, extrasystolic upstrokes arose smoothly from delayed afterdepolarizations that reached threshold. In tissue, extrasystolic upstrokes usually rose sharply from delayed afterdepolarizations that were distinctly subthreshold. Thus, threshold was reached elsewhere in the tissue. Further evidence of electrical heterogeneity was obtained from surface mapping of delayed-afterdepolarization amplitude in reoxygenated muscle. There were no detectable aftercontractions, delayed afterdepolarizations, or signs of automaticity in quiescent reoxygenated muscles or in stimulated reoxygenated muscles that were treated with 1 microM ryanodine. We conclude that the dysfunction precipitated by reoxygenation is due to synchronized spontaneous releases of calcium from overloaded sarcoplasmic reticulum.
COMMUNITY EDUCATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
Authors: JohnW. Farquhar, PeterD. Wood, Henry Breitrose, WilliamL. Haskell, AnthonyJ. Meyer, Nathan Maccoby, JanetK. Alexander, ByronW. Brown, AlfredL. Mcalister, JoyceD. Nash, MichaelP. Stern
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
HIV Patients Developing Primary CNS Lymphoma Lack EBV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Function Irrespective of Absolute CD4+ T Cell Counts
Authors: Olivier Gasser, Florian K Bihl, Marcel Wolbers, Elisabetta Loggi, Ingrid Steffen, Hans H Hirsch, Huldrych F Günthard, Bruce D Walker, Christian Brander, Manuel Battegay, Christoph Hess
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background In chronic HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy–induced normalization of CD4+ T cell counts (immune reconstitution [IR]) is associated with a decreased incidence of opportunistic diseases. However, some individuals remain at risk for opportunistic diseases despite prolonged normalization of CD4+ T cell counts. Deficient Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD4+ T cell function may explain the occurrence of EBV-associated opportunistic malignancy—such as primary central nervous system (PCNS) lymphoma—despite recovery of absolute CD4+ T cell counts. Methods and Findings Absolute CD4+ T cell counts and EBV-specific CD4+ T cell-dependent interferon-γ production were assessed in six HIV-positive individuals prior to development of PCNS lymphoma (“cases”), and these values were compared with those in 16 HIV-infected matched participants with no sign of EBV-associated pathology (“matched controls”) and 11 nonmatched HIV-negative blood donors. Half of the PCNS lymphoma patients fulfilled IR criteria (defined here as CD4+ T cell counts ≥500/μl blood). EBV-specific CD4+ T cells were assessed 0.5–4.7 y prior to diagnosis of lymphoma. In 0/6 cases versus 13/16 matched controls an EBV-specific CD4+ T cell response was detected (p = 0.007; confidence interval for odds ratio [0–0.40]). PCNS lymphoma patients also differed with regards to this response significantly from HIV-negative blood donors (p < 0.001, confidence interval for odds ratio [0–0.14]), but there was no evidence for a difference between HIV-negative participants and the HIV-positive matched controls (p = 0.47). Conclusions Irrespective of absolute CD4+ T cell counts, HIV-positive patients who subsequently developed PCNS lymphoma lacked EBV-specific CD4+ T cell function. Larger, ideally prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary data, and clarify the impact of pathogen-specific versus surrogate marker-based assessment of IR on clinical outcome.
Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine
Authors: Allen F. Shaughnessy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters3 August 1999Alternative Views on Alternative MedicineAllen F. Shaughnessy, PharmDAllen F. Shaughnessy, PharmDHarrisburg Family Practice Residency; Harrisburg, PA17105 (Shaughnessy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kaptchuk and Eisenberg's article (1) disregarded a reason why lternative medicine has captivated both the healthy and the sick. The goal of orthodox medicine is to prevent, diagnose, treat, and possibly cure disease. Patients have these goals, but only as long as they offer a relief of “suffering.” Suffering may be due to pain, bodily symptoms, or any perceived or actual threat that may endanger the intactness of the person. Suffering is not the same as pain and, indeed, may not even be due to a disease process (2). Treatment may or may not relieve suffering, and ...References1. Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. The persuasive appeal of alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1061-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cassel EJ. The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:639-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Cohen JJ. Remembering the real questions. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:563-6. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harrisburg Family Practice Residency; Harrisburg, PA17105 (Shaughnessy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Persuasive Appeal of Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Arunabha Ganguly Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Edzard Ernst Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Alternative Views on Alternative Medicine Charles M. Bagley Jr. More on Alternative Medicine Michael J. Sergeant More on Alternative Medicine Ted J. Kaptchuk Metrics Cited ByProfiles and outcome of traditional healing practices for severe mental illnesses in two districts of Eastern UgandaMore on Alternative MedicineMichael J. Sergeant, MD 3 August 1999Volume 131, Issue 3Page: 229KeywordsHealth careHealth insurance Issue Published: 3 August 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A prospective study of 67 serum immune and inflammation markers and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mark P. Purdue, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Troy J. Kemp, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Qing Lan, Ju-Hyun Park, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Allan Hildesheim, Ligia A. Pinto, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Blood (2013)
THE TEACHING OF THERAPEUTICS
Authors: RAY LYMAN WILBUR
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To heal has ever been the function of the physician. Therapeutics is so much older than pathology that it is but natural that the latter should have had difficulty in having its tenets promptly and fully recognized in the treatment of disease. Empirical principles die hard, for they have developed by that long trial and struggle —that "survival of the fittest"—that speaks for permanency. The relief of pain by heat was ages old before the seat of pain was located in the nervous system. To the man with the pain the attendant with the hot stone has always been preferable and always will be to the man who is content with a knowledge of the cause of pain, its probable duration and its significance from a pathologic point of view. It is but natural that the man with the knowledge should show contempt for the man with the hot stone,
889. Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy of Feline Gangliosidosis
Authors: Douglas R. Martin, Begona Cachon-Gonzalez, Miguel Sena- Esteves, Misako Hwang, Atoska S. Gentry, Nancy E. Morrison, Nancy R. Cox, Timothy M. Cox, Henry J. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Feline ganglioside storage diseases are authentic models of the human conditions and are valuable for development of gene therapy strategies for human patients. Deficiency of the lysosomal enzymes β-galactosidase or β-N-acetylhexosaminidase causes continuous cumulation of GM1 or GM2 ganglioside, respectively, resulting in disease manifestations nd death. There is no reliable treatment for human gangliosidoses, although knockout mouse models have been used to develop promising experimental treatments including gene therapy with adeno-associated virus vectors. Intracranial injection of GM1 knockoutenetic background (FVB-Twi), that we generated based on previous indications on the effects of the genetic background in modulating GLD severity (Tominaga K. et al., J. Neurosci. Res. 2004; Biswas S. et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 2002); ii) a mouse with low GALC activity, recently generated in D. Wenger's laboratory by introducing in the murine GALC gene a polymorphism that was found in individuals having some not otherwise explainable neurological abnormalities in the presence of 10–20% residual GALC activity, the trs mouse (Luzi P. et al., Mol. Genetics and Metab. 2001). These three models showed some substantial differences in their phenotype and mice has achieved supranormal levels of β-galactosidase throughout the brain, with lower levels of β-galactosidase activity observed at distant sites including retina and spinal cord (M. Sena-Esteves, unpublished data). Similarly, intracranial injection of GM2 knockout mice has produced widespread expression of hexosaminidase activity, substantially decreased storage of GM2 ganglioside and life spans significantly increased to greater than three times that of untreated GM2 mice (see abstract by Cachon-Gonzalez at this meeting). To investigate the potential for adeno-associated virus treatment of human patients, well-characterized feline models of gangliosidoses were treated with vectors proven to be successful in mice. After intracranial injections of vector through a single needle track, enzymatic activity was detected throughout the injected hemisphere, with high levels at the injection site and gradually decreasing but substantial enzymatic activity at least 1 cm cranial and caudal to the point of injection. Enzymatic activity also was detected in the cerebral cortex of the contralateral hemisphere. In addition, staining for storage material with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent indicated that decreased ganglioside content coincided with increased levels of enzymatic activity. Detailed results of these studies will be presented.
Effects of Interferon-Alpha on Cytomegalovirus Reactivation Syndromes in Renal-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Martin S. Hirsch, Robert T. Schooley, A. Benedict Cosimi, Paul S. Russell, Francis L. Delmonico, Nina E. Tolkoff-Rubin, John T. Herrin, Kari Cantell, Mary-Lin Farrell, Teresa R. Rota, Robert H. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We have previously demonstrated that six weeks of prophylaxis with interferon-alpha delays cytomegalovirus excretion and decreases viremia in recipients of kidney transplants. In a double-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a longer course of prophylaxis, we gave either 3 X 10(6) units of interferon or placebo intramuscularly to 42 patients before transplant surgery was performed. After surgery, doses were given three times a week for six weeks and then twice a week for eight weeks (total of 102 X 10(6) units). Clinical signs of cytomegalovirus infection were markedly reduced in interferon recipients. These signs developed in 7 of 22 placebo recipients and 1 of 20 interferon recipients (P = 0.03). Opportunistic superinfections (Aspergillus fumigatus and Pneumocystis carinii) occurred only in patients given placebo. Cytomegalovirus-associated glomerulopathy developed in one interferon recipient and three placebo recipients. Survival of patients and grafts was equivalent in both treatment groups, and minimal toxicity was observed with interferon. In seropositive renal-transplant recipients, interferon-alpha affords effective prophylaxis against serious cytomegalovirus infections.
Cross-linked envelopes in nail plate in lamellar ichthyosis
Authors: R.H. Rice, D. Crumrine, D. Hohl, C.S. Munro, P.M. Elias
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Corneocytes of the nail plate, like those of the stratum corneum, generate cornified envelopes (CEs) of cross‐linked protein that can be visualized readily after removal of non‐cross‐linked protein by detergent extraction. Defective CE formation occurs in epidermal scale and hair in transglutaminase 1 (TGM1)‐negative lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and has been proposed as a diagnostic aid for this syndrome. Objectives (i) To ascertain whether TGM1 is important for CE formation in nail; (ii) to characterize CE abnormalities occurring in LI that may be distinguished from other types of inherited ichthyosis when nail samples are subjected to detergent extraction; and (iii) to evaluate the utility of nails as a diagnostic aid for LI. Methods Nail samples were provided by nine patients previously classified as having TGM1‐negative LI, four with other types of ichthyotic conditions and six normal controls. Samples were extracted extensively in sodium dodecyl sulphate under reducing conditions and examined by light and electron microscopy. Results After extraction, defective CE cross‐linking was visualized in epidermal corneocytes from seven of nine patients exhibiting TGM1‐negative LI, whereas nail samples from patients with the other syndromes were normal. The defects in CE structure resembled those recently reported for LI scale, although in some cases residual CE and CE‐associated structures were present. Conclusions Despite the paucity of clinical nail symptoms in LI, TGM1 activity is important for generation of normal CE in nail plate, consistent with its importance in protein cross‐linking in interfollicular epidermis and hair. Lack of this activity leads to a strikingly aberrant appearance of CE in LI nail after detergent extraction that is evident ultrastructurally in a large majority of cases. Nail envelopes therefore could provide a useful diagnostic tool in distinguishing LI from other ichthyoses with overlapping clinical features.