tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyvinyl chloride T-tubes.
Authors: D J Bouchier-Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1973)

could record the impressions that have led me to think that despite the conclusions quoted above deputizing services probably do not provide the best patient care.TIhe only drugs we were given were morphine, pethidine, adrenaline, aminophyl&ine, ergometrine, amylobarbitone sodium, A.P.C, and free samples, which were usually of the less commonly indicated antibiotics.Many of the deputies bought their own supplies of other drugs; the rest did without.We were told to equip ourselves with a sphygmomano- meter, auriscope, and ophthaknoscope, but it was not checked whether we had these items and in fact some of the deputies did not.
Clenbuterol Increases Stroke Power and Contractile Speed of Skeletal Muscle for Cardiac Assist
Authors: M. Petrou, S. Clarke, K. Morrison, C. Bowles, M. Dunn, M. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Skeletal muscle assist (SMA) may be limited by loss of power, slowing of contraction and relaxation, and atrophy of the transformed latissimus dorsi muscle (LD). Clenbuterol (clen), a β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist, was used to improve the performance of trained skeletal muscle in sheep. Methods and Results —The following 4 groups were used: A (n=6), untrained controls; B (n=6), left LD progressively transformed toward a slow-twitch and fatigue-resistant phenotype by electrical stimulation over 12 weeks (2.5 to 5 V, 240-μsec pulse duration, 35 Hz, 3 to 6 pulses per burst, and up to 40 bursts per minute); C (n=6), clen-treated (0.5 mg/kg SC) for 12 weeks; and D (n=6), clen+trained. In a terminal experiment, the mobilized LD was wrapped around a rubber aorta of a mock circulation and stimulated to contract 40 times per minute. Group A had an initial mean pressure augmentation (ΔP) of 24.6 mm Hg and stroke power of 2.28 W/kg, but both fell to &lt;20% of their original values by 15 minutes because of fatigue ( P &lt;0.005). Group B was fatigue-resistant, with a ΔP and stroke power at 60 minutes of 13 mm Hg (70% of initial) and 0.34 W/kg (39% of initial), respectively. The performance of group C was similar to that of controls. In group D, however, the muscles were stronger at all time points than in B, with a ΔP of 23 mm Hg and stroke power of 2.66 W/kg at 60 minutes ( P &lt;0.01). The speeds of contraction (+dP/dt:ΔP) and relaxation (−dP/dt:ΔP) were significantly greater in group D than B. Protein analyses showed group D to have only a trend toward greater abundance of the fast isoforms of myosin heavy chain and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase ( P &gt;0.1). Conclusions —Clen improves the performance of trained skeletal muscle in a model of aortomyoplasty by unknown mechanisms. These findings may have important implications in SMA.
The Use of an Oximetrically Determined Circulation Time from the Right Ventricle to the Ear in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: RICHARD P. LASSER, ALVIN J. GORDON, RAYMOND BORUN, FREDERICK H. KING
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Evans Blue (T-1824) was injected into the right ventricle through a cardiac catheter and the time of the arrival of dye at the ear was measured with an oximeter. This circulation time appeared to indicate reliably the presence of venoarterial shunting through an over-riding aorta. The difficulties ordinarily encountered in positive identification of this defect are discussed. The importance of the identification, particularly with regard to the differential diagnosis between tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis with an interatrial communication, is stressed.
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene deletion disrupts hepatic very low-density lipoprotein assembly in mice
Authors: Ainara Cano, Xabier Buqué, Maite Martínez-Uña, Igor Aurrekoetxea, Ariane Menor, Juan L. García-Rodríguez, Shelly C. Lu, Luz M. Martínez-Chantar, José M. Mato, Begoña Ochoa, Patricia Aspichueta
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion provides a mechanism to export triglycerides (TG) from the liver to peripheral tissues, maintaining lipid homeostasis. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), VLDL secretion disturbances are unclear. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is responsible for S -adenosylmethionine (SAMe) synthesis and MAT I and III are the products of the MAT1A gene. Deficient MAT I and III activities and SAMe content in the liver have been associated with NAFLD, but whether MAT1A is required for normal VLDL assembly remains unknown. We investigated the role of MAT1A on VLDL assembly in two metabolic contexts: in 3-month-old MAT1A -knockout mice (3-KO), with no signs of liver injury, and in 8-month-old MAT1A -knockout mice (8-KO), harboring nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In 3-KO mouse liver, there is a potent effect of MAT1A deletion on lipid handling, decreasing mobilization of TG stores, TG secretion in VLDL and phosphatidylcholine synthesis via phosphatidylethanolamine N -methyltransferase. MAT1A deletion also increased VLDL– apolipoprotein B secretion, leading to small, lipid-poor VLDL particles. Administration of SAMe to 3-KO mice for 7 days recovered crucial altered processes in VLDL assembly and features of the secreted lipoproteins. The unfolded protein response was activated in 8-KO mouse liver, in which TG accumulated and the phosphatidylcholine-to-phosphatidylethanolamine ratio was reduced in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas secretion of TG and apolipoprotein B in VLDL was increased and the VLDL physical characteristics resembled that in 3-KO mice. MAT1A deletion also altered plasma lipid homeostasis, with an increase in lipid transport in low-density lipoprotein subclasses and decrease in high-density lipoprotein subclasses. Conclusion: MAT1A is required for normal VLDL assembly and plasma lipid homeostasis in mice. Impaired VLDL synthesis, mainly due to SAMe deficiency, contributes to NAFLD development in MAT1A -KO mice. (Hepatology 2011
Unusual Cancer Mortality among a Group of Underground Metal Miners
Authors: Joseph K. Wagoner, Robert W. Miller, Frank E. Lundin, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Marian E. Haij
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

A STUDY of mortality among uranium miners of the Colorado Plateau has suggested that they are experiencing more cancer of the respiratory tract than the general white male population of the same region.1 , 2 Radioactivity in the mines has been the suspected carcinogenic agent. To explore the possibility that other mining exposures have played a part in the genesis of this cancer, the mortality among a group of metal miners in the United States who have been occupationally exposed to relatively low levels of radioactivity was studied. Presented here is an unusual mortality experience observed among this metal-mining group.MethodsSelected . . .
The Weapons Effect
Authors: Brad J. Bushman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

On December 14, 2012, after shooting his mother, 20-year-old Adam Lanza shot and killed 20 children and 6 employees at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. In the wake of the Newtown shootings, there has been considerable discussion about gun violence. What is conspicuously absent from these discussions, however, is the fact that just seeing guns can increase aggression.... Language: en
A SUCCESSFUL VENEREAL PREVENTION CAMPAIGN
Authors: W. RAY JONES
Journal: JAMA (1918)

age of 30 have not had gonorrhea.I mean to say that 90 per cent, of the men who have reached the age of 30 either have had it or have it.My experience may be a little different from that of other people, but I believe that one man out of every five sitting in this room is a syphilitic-that is, 20 per cent.
The Surgical Therapy of Acute Lead Encephalopathy
Authors: Joseph Greengard
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The encephalopathy that is seen in about 25% of all cases of lead poisoning in young children is a grave complication. In the space of 3 years in a county hospital, 101 children with this complication were treated. About one-third of the cases terminated in death. In many instances the diagnosis was made late, and there is no completely satisfactory therapy. In 25 cases with especially bad prognosis the medical treatment (urea as dehydrating and edathamil calcium-disodium as chelating agent) was supplemented with surgical treatment (flap craniectomy). One apparently moribund child was definitely rescued by surgical means, but 16 of the 25 died. No conclusion as to the place of surgery in the treatment of plumbemic encephalopathy was possible.
HISTAMINE EXCRETION AND DERMOGRAPHISM IN URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA BEFORE AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF A SPECIFIC HISTIDINE-DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITOR
Authors: MALCOLM W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— The 24 h urinary histamine excretion was studied in 2 patients with severe urticaria pigmentosa before and after treatment with a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, 4‐bromo‐3‐hydroxy‐benzyloxyamine‐dihy‐drogen phosphate (Brocresine). Urinary histamine excretion was greatly raised in both patients before treatment and there was no fall in excretion after treatment in either patient. There was no diminution in dermographism, measured by a quantitative technique, and no symptomatic improvement. These results do not support the view that Brocresine is an effective inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase in man.
No increase in the prevalence of COPD in two decades
Authors: T.M. Vasankari, O. Impivaara, M. Heliövaara, S. Heistaro, K. Liippo, P. Puukka, S. Saarelainen, M. Kanervisto, P. Jousilahti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Relevant information on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its trends is scarce. In the present study, we compare the prevalence rates and potential determinants of COPD in two national population samples that were surveyed 20 yrs apart. In 1978-1980, a sample of 8,000 people was surveyed; subjects were representative of the Finnish population and were aged ≥30 yrs. Among those aged 30-74 yrs, acceptable spirometry was obtained from 6,364 (87%) subjects. In a similar survey conducted in 2000-2001, comparable spirometry was obtained from 5,495 (80%) participants. Airway obstruction was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal and staged for severity on the basis of FEV(1) % predicted. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of obstruction (stages I-IV) were rather similar in both surveys in males (4.7 versus 4.3%; p = 0.25), but were almost significantly higher in females in the later survey (2.2 versus 3.1%; p = 0.06). The rates of COPD stage II or higher were 3.9% in 1978-1980, and 3.6% in 2000-2001 (p = 0.36) for males, and 1.4 and 1.5% (p = 0.93), respectively, for females. In conclusion, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of COPD stages II-IV between similar population based surveys performed 20 yrs apart. Since COPD is mostly mild or moderate there is a strong case for early prevention.
Rediscovering mycophenolic acid: A review of its mechanism, side effects, and potential uses
Authors: Jennifer E. Silverman Kitchin, Miriam Keltz Pomeranz, Grace Pak, Ken Washenik, Jerome L. Shupack
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Oral mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapy has been investigated in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis since the early 1970s and has been found to be both safe and effective. By inhibiting de novo purine biosynthesis, it functions as an antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive agent. The recent availability of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a morpholinoester of MPA, has created renewed interest in the antipsoriatic properties of MPA. MMF is currently indicated for the prevention of organ rejection in transplant recipients and is used concomitantly with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. This review focuses on the pharmacology of MPA and MMF, studies of MPA in the treatment of psoriasis, and therapy with MMF. There is a potential application of MMF in the treatment of severe psoriasis and other inflammatory dermatoses, as well as topical MPA for the treatment of psoriasis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:445-9.)
Extracts from "Clinical Evidence": Menopausal symptoms
Authors: J. Rymer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Background</h3> <b>Definition:</b> Menopause begins one year after the last menstrual period. Symptoms often begin in the perimenopausal years. <b>Incidence/prevalence:</b> In the United Kingdom the mean age for the menopause is 50 years 9 months. The median onset of the perimenopause is between 45.5 and 47.5 years. One Scottish survey (of 6096 women aged 45 to 54 years) found that 84% had experienced at least one of the classic menopausal symptoms, with 45% finding one or more symptoms a problem.1 <h3>Interventions</h3> Beneficial:OestrogensTibolone Likely to be beneficial:ProgestogensClonidine Unknown effectiveness:Phyto-oestrogensTestosteroneAntidepressants <b>Aetiology/risk factors:</b> Urogenital symptoms of menopause are caused by decreased oestrogen concentrations, but the cause of vasomotor symptoms and psychological effects is complex and remains unclear. <b>Prognosis:</b> Menopause is a physiological event. Its timing may be genetically determined. Although endocrine changes are permanent, menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, which are experienced by about 70% of women, usually resolve with time.2 However, some symptoms, such as genital atrophy, may remain the same or worsen. <b>Aims:</b> To reduce or prevent menopausal symptoms, and to improve quality of life with minimum adverse effects. <b>Outcomes:</b> Frequency and severity of vasomotor, urogenital, and psychological symptoms; quality of life. <b>Methods:</b><i>Clinical Evidence</i> search and appraisal December 1999. We included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews that met <i>Clinical Evidence</i> quality criteria.
ECG changes in amitriptyline poisoning.
Authors: G. R. Burston
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Hazards of Slimming Exercises SIR,-A 21-year-old female student was concerned about her fat thighs, when she read about thigh-reduction exercises in a woman's magazine.These exercises, alleged to reduce bulk, consisted of repeated forcible rolling movements on to her flexed thighs.After performing these she complained of a pain over the upper end of the right fibula and of altered sensation (which she described as numbness) on the lateral side of the same leg.This numbness persisted for three months, and when she consulted me after this period of time there was anaesthesia along the lateral side of her right leg, extending to the toes in a peroneal-nerve pattern.There was no motor loss.Sensation returned gradu- ally without treatment, and when she was seen two months later was almost back to normal.Perhaps would-be Twiggies should be aware of this hazard from a remedy of dubious value.-Iam, etc.,
AGS, SLE, and RNASEH2 mutations: translating insights into therapeutic advances
Authors: William F. Pendergraft, Terry K. Means
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of nucleic acid- and protein-targeting autoantibodies and an aberrant type I IFN expression signature. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal-recessive encephalopathy in children that is characterized by mutations in numerous nucleic acid repair enzymes and elevated IFN levels. Phenotypically, patients with AGS and SLE share many similarities. Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) is a nucleic acid repair enzyme that removes unwanted ribonucleotides from DNA. In this issue of the JCI, Günther and colleagues provide an in-depth investigation of the mechanisms underlying the link between defective removal of ribonucleotides in AGS and SLE, and these findings will likely serve as a strong springboard to provide novel therapeutic inroads.
GIS Modeling of Air Toxics Releases from TRI-Reporting and Non-TRI-Reporting Facilities: Impacts for Environmental Justice
Authors: Dana C. Dolinoy, Marie Lynn Miranda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) requires facilities with 10 or more full-time employees that process > 25,000 pounds in aggregate or use > 10,000 pounds of any one TRI chemical to report releases annually. However, little is known about releases from non-TRI-reporting facilities, nor has attention been given to the very localized equity impacts associated with air toxics releases. Using geographic information systems and industrial source complex dispersion modeling, we developed methods for characterizing air releases from TRI-reporting as well as non-TRI-reporting facilities at four levels of geographic resolution. We characterized the spatial distribution and concentration of air releases from one representative industry in Durham County, North Carolina (USA). Inclusive modeling of all facilities rather than modeling of TRI sites alone significantly alters the magnitude and spatial distribution of modeled air concentrations. Modeling exposure receptors at more refined levels of geographic resolution reveals localized, neighborhood-level exposure hot spots that are not apparent at coarser geographic scales. Multivariate analysis indicates that inclusive facility modeling at fine levels of geographic resolution reveals exposure disparities by income and race. These new methods significantly enhance the ability to model air toxics, perform equity analysis, and clarify conflicts in the literature regarding environmental justice findings. This work has substantial implications for how to structure TRI reporting requirements, as well as methods and types of analysis that will successfully elucidate the spatial distribution of exposure potentials across geographic, income, and racial lines.
Aggressive Granulomatosis Causing a Painful Hip Arthroplasty Findings on Bone and Ga-67 Imaging
Authors: EVERETT L. GAYLE, DEAN J. SHANLEY, CRAIG A. SIMON, JEROME B. MYERS, CALVIN B. DELAPLAIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Aggressive granulomatosis is being recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of painful arthroplasties, especially as improved surgical techniques continue to reduce the incidence of mechanical loosening and infection. Radiographically this entity manifests as areas of periprosthetic lucency, similar to infection, and differentiating these conditions can be difficult. The authors present a case of aggressive granulomatosis in a patient with a painful hip arthroplasty and little clinical suspicion of infection. The bone scan showed expected mild activity around a recent replacement prosthesis, but the gallium scan was markedly positive. Although infection could not be excluded on this study, a lesion requiring rapid surgical revision was identified. WBC/bone marrow scintigraphy is exquisite for an infected prosthesis, but may overlook this entity.
Of Poems and Patients
Authors: David Seder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

On Being a Doctor17 January 2006Of Poems and PatientsDavid Seder, MDDavid Seder, MDFrom the Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102-3175.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I was thinking tonight about how we move through a lot of worlds in a short time. My wife and I were out listening to a folk singer, and I realized how hard it is to listen to live music without leaning across a bar. It wasn't so long ago that four or five nights a week I poured beer and shook drinks while customers came and went, and not so long since I knew hundreds of people across a tall oak bar by face, voice, or drink of choice. That life is so different from my current one that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102-3175.Corresponding Author: David Seder, MD, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102-3175; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by2006 Emily Cooley Award Lecture: professionalism, pornography, and the practice of transfusion medicineEpidemiology of acute liver failure 17 January 2006Volume 144, Issue 2Page: 142KeywordsArteriesBeerBloodEmotionsPlateletsProblem solvingResuscitationSurgeonsThorax ePublished: 17 January 2006 Issue Published: 17 January 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dipyridamole Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging Complications Associated with Oral and Intravenous Routes of Administration
Authors: SEYDI V. AKSUT, STEVEN PORT, B DAVID COLLIER, RAYMOND G. HOFFMANN, TERESA MASSARDO, ROBERT S. HELLMAN, ALI T. ISITMAN, ALAN CARNELL, EVA C. DEVICH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Previous reports have shown that TI-201 myocardial imaging with either an oral or intravenous administration of dipyridamole is a suitable diagnostic examination for patients at risk for coronary artery disease who cannot perform treadmill exercise. To compare the incidence of complications associated with these two routes of drug administration, the records of 78 oral and 97 intravenous dipyridamole TI-201 imaging studies were reviewed. The oral administration is associated with a significantly higher incidence of nausea (15% vs. 4%). Despite the higher incidence of nausea, the percentage of patients having one or more dipyridamole-induced symptoms was no greater for the oral (29%) than for the intravenous (37%) administration. Intravenous administration produced both a significantly higher incidence of atypical angina (14% vs. 4%) and a significantly greater increase in heart rate (16.6 vs. 10.2 beats per minute). No patient in either the oral or intravenous dipyridamole protocols had life-threatening arrhythmias or myocardial infarctions. In clinical practice, the difference in complications associated with the oral and intravenous administration of dipyridamole for TI-201 imaging is not significant.
Tumor Hypoxia Has Independent Predictor Impact Only in Patients With Node-Negative Cervix Cancer
Authors: A. Fyles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: This prospective clinical study was begun in 1994 to validate the independent prognostic impact of tumor hypoxia in patients with cervix cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 1994 and January 1999, 106 eligible patients with epithelial cervix cancer had tumor oxygen pressure (PO2) measured using the Eppendorf probe. Oxygenation data are presented as the hypoxic proportion, defined as the percentage of PO2 readings less than 5 mm/Hg (abbreviated as HP5) and the median PO2. RESULTS: The median HP5 in individual patients was 48%, and the median PO2 was HP5. Progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with hypoxic tumors (HP5 > 50%) was 37% at 3 years versus 67% in those patients with better oxygenated tumors (P = .004). In multivariate analysis, only tumor size (risk ratio [RR], 1.33; P = .0003) and evidence of pelvic nodal metastases on imaging studies (RR, 2.52; P = .0065) were predictive of PFS. However, an interaction between nodal status and oxygenation was observed (P = .006), and further analysis indicated that HP5 was an independent predictor of outcome in patients with negative nodes on imaging (P = .007). There was a significant increase in the 3-year cumulative incidence of distant metastases in the hypoxic group (41% v 15% in those with HP5 < 50%; P = .0023), but not in pelvic relapse (37% v 27%; P = .12). CONCLUSION: Tumor hypoxia is an independent predictor of poor PFS only in patients with node-negative cervix cancer, in addition to tumor size. Its impact appears to be related to an increased risk of distant metastases rather than to an effect on pelvic control.