tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3905: MSCs <sup>Wnt11</sup> Derived Paracrine Factors Are Critical to the Repair of Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Shi Zuo, Ying Dai, Xu Ning, Yigang Wang, Muhammad Ashraf, Meifeng Xu
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Genetically engineered MSCs have been shown to serve as an effective vehicle for the delivery of protective proteins. We hypothesized that Wnt11 enhanced MSCs induced cardioprotection of ischemic myocardium via paracrine effect. We have successfully transfected Wnt11 into MSCs. Method: Conditioned medium (con-M) was obtained from various MSCs which were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 24 hours and was concentrated 100 times by ultrafiltration. Con-M (50μl) was injected into the border zone of infarcted myocardium immediately after rat underwent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. Cultured cardiomyocytes (CM) were also treated with Con-M before cells were exposed to hypoxia. Result: A marked improvement in cardiac function was observed in the con-M from MSCs Wnt11 compared to the con-M from MSCs GFP (Table 1 ). Microarray analysis revealed that Wnt11 was 204 fold higher in MSCs Wnt11 than that in MSCs GFP . Moreover, many growth factors and cytokines were upregulated when MSCs Wnt11 were exposed to hypoxia for 24 hours (e.g. BMP4, 1.64; FGF1, 1.61 and TGFμ2, 2.21 fold higher than that in MSCs GFP , respectively; all p&lt;0.05). Con-M significantly improved the survival of CM as expressed by an increased intake of MTT when CM were exposed to hypoxia. Neutralizing antibodies, including anti-Wnt11 (6 and 12 μg/ml) (Fig. 1 ), anti-BMP4 (3μg/ml), anti-FGF-1 (6μg/ml) and anti-TGFβ-2 (12μg/ml), abrogated the protection of CM induced by con-M, especially anti-FGF-1 (Fig. 2 ). It is concluded that MSCs Wnt11 protect cardiomyocytes by releasing cytoprotective factors in their environment. Table 1. Effects of condition medium on cardiac function Figure 1. Anti-Wnt11 antibody increased CM injury and abrogated the protective effect of conditioned medium against hypoxic damage. N = 4 in each group Figure 2. Neutralizing antibodies abolished the CM protection on cultured CM. #, p&lt;0.05 vs normal control; *, p&lt;0.05 vs hypoxia; †, p&lt;0.05 vs Con-M-MSC GFP , ‡, p&lt;0.05 vs Con-M-MSC Wnt11 respectively.
Fetal corticosteroid and T4 treatment effects on lung function of surfactant-treated preterm lambs.
Authors: C M Chen, M Ikegami, T Ueda, D H Polk, A H Jobe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Three groups of sheep fetuses at 125 or 126 d gestational age randomly received a single ultrasound-guided intramuscular injection of saline, 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone, or 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone plus 50 micrograms/kg thyroxine (T4). Forty-eight hours later the fetuses were delivered, treated with a pulmonary surfactant preparation, and ventilated for 3 h. Corticosteroids alone and in combination with T4 increased FRC, compliance, and lung volumes, and decreased the protein leak into the airspace. Saturated phosphatidylcholine pool sizes recovered by alveolar washing were not changed after hormone treatment. To evaluate the function of surfactant recovered from the lambs in vivo, we treated preterm rabbits at 27 d gestational age with the large-aggregate surfactant from alveolar washes. Large-aggregate surfactants and the pulmonary surfactant preparation increased compliances and maximal lung volumes relative to those in untreated preterm rabbits. Large-aggregate surfactants improved compliance more than did the pulmonary surfactant preparation. We conclude that ultrasound-guided single fetal corticosteroid treatment followed by postnatal surfactant improved postnatal lung function in preterm lambs. Addition of T4 did not augment corticosteroid effects. The function of the exogenous surfactant was improved in premature lamb lungs independently of the fetal treatment modality.
Comparison of Tropomyosins from Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: ARNOLD M. KATZ, RONALD P. CONVERSE
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

No differences were found between the sedimentation coefficients, intrinsic viscosities, amino acid contents, and peptide patterns resulting from tryptic digestion of rabbit cardiac and skeletal tropomyosins. From sedimentation and viscosity data, the molecular weights of cardiac and skeletal tropomyosins were estimated to be 54,800 for both. This value is similar to previous estimates of the molecular weight of rabbit skeletal tropomyosin. No evidence was obtained for the existence in heart muscle of tropomyosin A . Of the three more abundant contractile proteins of the heart, myosin, actin, and tropomyosin, only myosin appears to differ from its skeletal counterpart.
Chromosomes in Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: N. B. Atkin, M. C. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1965)

In the first place, I doubt whether anyone else in England could have written this article.The two patients described in detail were referred by Sir Terence Cawthorne, and it is well known that he sees a large number of patients suffering from Meniere's disease, and that his practice in this respect is prob- ably the largest in the country.In such a large number of patients there must, of necessity, be a small number which defy treatment.In the second place, Mr. Falconer discounts his own surgical skill.Division of the vestibular nerve may be difficult, and I know one case where the cochlear nerve was cut in an attempt to isolate and divide the vestibular division.Mr. Falconer discusses the mortality of intracranial section of the vestibular nerve, anA this is enough to make everyone pause, for untreated MWniere's disease is never fatal.It is quite true that a small number of cases of Meniere's disease do not respond to rest, nor to medication.It is questionable, how- ever, whether the solution lies in labyrinth destruction, or in the more dangerous pro- cedure of division of the vestibular nerve.The future may show that temperament and mental upset play a large part in vertigo, and that the change in the labyrinth is merely a secondary effect.In Mr.
Dose of anti-D gamma-globulin in prevention of Rh-haemolytic disease of the newborn.
Authors: C. A. Clarke, R. Finn, D. Lehane, R. B. McConnell, P. M. Sheppard, J. C. Woodrow
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis-Billinghurst and Welchman BNVT
Generalizability and Persistence of a Multifaceted Intervention for Improving Quality of Care for Rural Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jeffrey A. Johnson, Dean T. Eurich, Ellen L. Toth, Richard Z. Lewanczuk, TK Lee, Sumit R. Majumdar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Most quality improvement efforts for type 2 diabetes have neglected cardiovascular risk factors and are limited by a lack of information about generalizability across settings or persistence of effect over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We previously reported 6-month results of a controlled study of an intervention that improved cardiovascular risk factors for rural patients with type 2 diabetes. We subsequently provided the identical intervention to the control region after the main study was completed. The primary outcome was 10% improvement in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, or HbA1c. We compared the previously reported 6-month effect of the original intervention with the effect of the crossed-over intervention to the former control region and remeasured outcomes in the original intervention region 12 months later. RESULTS—Our analysis included 200 original intervention and 181 crossed-over intervention subjects. The age of the population was 62.4 ± 12.4 years (mean ± SD), and 54.3% were women. A similar proportion of patients in the crossed-over intervention group achieved improvement in the primary composite outcome compared with the original intervention group (38 vs. 44%, respectively; P = 0.29). In adjusted analyses, we observed less improvement in blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio 0.40 [95% CI 0.17–0.75]) but greater improvements in total cholesterol (1.86 [0.93–3.7]) with the crossed-over intervention compared with the original intervention. We observed sustained improvements in total cholesterol and HbA1c levels in the original intervention group, whereas previous large gains in control of blood pressure diminished over time. CONCLUSIONS—We found that our intervention was generalizable across settings, and its effect persisted over time. Nevertheless, without ongoing intervention or reinforcement, we noted some loss of the original benefits that had accrued. Future translational work should incorporate interventions such as ours into ongoing systems of rural care.
Outcome of Severe Damage to the Central Nervous System
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although there is a paucity of exact information about the recovery curves for certain neurological illnesses, it is possible to use several clinical technics to forecast the outcome of severe neurological injury, especially mechanical trauma, stroke, and other causes of coma. The influence of treatment on recovery is disputed, for some believe that the extent of the injury determines, in large measure, the ultimate outcome. Mathematics and computers are now being used to try to sift out the elements in damage that can be treated, compared to those items that will take care of themselves. Analysis may include, for the first time, the biological and the financial cost of tests and treatment. These and allied subjects were discussed by the 27 participants in this symposium held in November 1974. They included medical and surgical neurologists, neurophysiologists, psychiatrists, rehabilitation experts, psychologists, anatomists, and specialists in computer technology. Two early talks dealt
Dual role of IL-21 in experimental arthritis via SOCS regulation and Th17 differentiation
Authors: M. I. Koenders, R. J. Marijnissen, S. Abdollahi-Roodsaz, C. Nickerson-Nutter, F. A. van de Loo, W. B. van den Berg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced mainly by activated CD4<sup>+</sup> Th17 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IL-21 in joint pathology during chronic experimental arthritis, in particular the effect of IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) deficiency on innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> IL-21R−/− mice and their wild-type (WT) controls were used for this study, and two experimental arthritis models were induced: chronic streptococcal cell wall (SCW) induced arthritis and antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). <h3>Results</h3> At day 28 of SCW arthritis, histological analysis of the knee joints showed significantly reduced inflammation in IL-21R−/− mice compared to their WT controls. These IL-21R−/− mice also demonstrated suppressed serum levels of IL-6, but interestingly this proinflammatory cytokine tended to be increased in the local patella-washouts. This increased local activation in IL-21R−/− mice was studied in more detail in the early phase of SCW-arthritis. Before onset and 4 days after the first intra-articular injection with SCW fragments, the expression level of various receptors and regulators was determined by QPCR. No differences were found in the expression of TLR2 and NOD2, both crucial for a response to the injected SCW fragments. However, while the WT controls showed a massive upregulation of SOCS1/3 at day 4 of arthritis, IL-21R−/− mice were significantly less capable in upregulating these genes. This failure to upregulate SOCS expression in the joint resulted in increased local expression of inflammation and destruction markers in IL-21R-deficient mice, probably due to disturbed negative regulation of cytokine and TLR signaling pathways. Interestingly, despite the increased local activation in the IL-21R−/− mice, detailed histological analysis of the joints at day 28 of the chronic SCW-arthritis demonstrated that IL-21R-deficiency protected against cartilage proteoglycan depletion and chondrocyte death. FACS analysis of synovial cells showed a significant reduction of the percentage IL-17<sup>+</sup> T cells. These findings were confirmed in a second model of chronic destructive arthritis, the mBSA-induced AIA. Also in this model, IL-21R-deficiency resulted in a significant reduction of joint inflammation and destruction compared to wild-type controls, again in striking contrast to the local increase in cytokine expression, but accompanied by suppressed numbers of Th17 cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite the local suppressive role of IL-21 via SOCS regulation, IL-21 has a more dominant prodestructive role driving Th17 cells and cartilage and bone pathology during chronic experimental arthritis. However, this dual role makes IL-21 a complicated target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Contamination From Surgical Glove Powder
Authors: Robert C. Harsh
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Within three months at this institution, the pathology department has examined specimens from three patients, each of which was characterized by a highly cellular foreign body granulomatous reaction. Under hematoxylin-eosin stain, poorly stained bodies were seen in giant cells. The P.A.S. stains demonstrated vividly staining bodies from 5μ to 25μ in diameter which were usually polyhedral and frequently laminated. All three patients had previously had surgical procedure involving the immediate area where the later reaction appeared. Two of the patients had abdominal operations. In each case the recurrent response was in the mesentery and peritoneum with multiple tumorlike nodules throughout. The third patient had ganglion cyst operation on the wrist with recurrence of enlargement and tenderness six weeks after the primary surgery. In an attempt to identify these bodies with some certainty, the suture material, drapes, gowns, and gloves regularly used in the surgical department were examined.
Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Laura Zamora
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 June 1996Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia and ToxoplasmosisLaura Zamora, MD, Josep Mallolas, MD, and Jose M. Gatell, MDLaura Zamora, MDHospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, Josep Mallolas, MDHospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, and Jose M. Gatell, MDHospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Podzamczer and colleagues [1] analyzed the efficacy and safety of intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with those of dapsone-pyrimethamine for the simultaneous prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in 230 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Of these patients, 131 were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii. The main conclusion of this study was that thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy (160 mg of trimethoprim plus 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole given twice daily) or dapsone (100 mg) plus pyrimethamine (50 mg) given twice weekly are effective and well-tolerated regimens for the simultaneous prophylaxis of these infections.... References1. Podzamczer D, Salazar A, Jimenez J, Consiglio E, Santin M, Casanova A, et al. Intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with dapsone-pyrimethamine for the simultaneous primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in patients infected with HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:755-61. Google Scholar2. Mallolas J, Zamora L, Gatell JM, Miro JM, Soriano E. Low-dose co-trimoxazole, aerosolised pentamidine, or dapsone plus pyrimethamine for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [Letter]. Lancet. 1991; 337:1162-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Laura Zamora, MD; Josep Mallolas, MD; Jose M. Gatell, MDAffiliations: Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 12Page: 1096KeywordsEncephalitisObservational studiesPneumocystisPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumoniaProphylaxisPyrimethamineSafetyToxoplasma gondiiToxoplasmosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Regulation of expression of the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 by p53 in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gregory F. Sullivan, Jin-Ming Yang, Andrew Vassil, Jun Yang, Judy Bash-Babula, William N. Hait
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The expression of several drug-resistance genes, including MRP and p53, increases with advancing stage of human prostate cancer. Altered transcription could account for the genotypic alterations associated with prostate cancer progression, and it was recently reported that the promoter of MRP1 is activated in the presence of mutant p53. To determine whether there is a relationship between p53 status and the expression of MRP1, a human, temperature-sensitive p53 mutant (tsp Val138) was transfected into LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. In the transfected cell line (LVCaP), the wild-type p53 produced growth arrest at the G1/S interface of the cell cycle, inhibited colony formation, and induced p21waf1/cip1. Temperature shifting to 38°C (p53 mutant) produced a time-dependent increase in expression of MRP1. This change in MRP1 expression was also seen in isogenic cell lines in which p53 was inactivated by human papilloma virus (HPV)16E6 protein or by a dominant-negative mutant. Functional assays revealed a decrease in drug accumulation and drug sensitivity associated with mutant p53 and increased MRP1 expression. These results provide the first mechanistic link between expression of MRP1 and mutation of p53 in human prostate cancer and support recent clinical associations. Furthermore, these data suggest a mechanism tying accumulation of p53 mutations to the multidrug resistance phenotype seen in this disease.
Research into complementary and alternative medicine: problems and potential
Authors: R. L Nahin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The growing use of unsubstantiated complementary and alternative medicine therapies by people in the United States1 along with its increasing coverage by third party payers2 encouraged Congress to create the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) at the National Institutes of Health. The centre's mission is “to explore complementary and alternative healing practices in the context of rigorous science; to educate and training CAM researchers; and to disseminate authoritative information to the public and professionals.”3 To complete this mission, NCCAM supports publicly relevant and scientifically rigorous research to identify those complementary and alternative medicine practices that are safe and effective.

The centre's resources, although generous ($68.3m (£46m) for fiscal year 2000), are not sufficient to study all complementary and alternative medicine practices. NCCAM therefore developed criteria to help prioritise the many possible research opportunities (box). As part of the evaluation process, NCCAM seeks advice from its national advisory council, complementary and alternative medicine and conventional clinicians, members of the scientific research community, the public, sister federal agencies, and other stakeholders.

#### Summary points

Many early clinical trials investigating complementary and alternative medicine have had serious flaws

Clinical investigations of complementary and alternative medicine are made difficult by factors such as use of complex, individualised treatments and lack of standardisation of herbal medicines

Other problems include difficulties in accruing, randomising, and retaining patients and in identifying appropriate placebo interventions

Despite these complexities, rigorously designed clinical trials are possible, including pragmatic studies of complete complementary and alternative medicine systems

Strong commitment is required from the research community to provide information about complementary and alternative medicines to the public and health professionals

Staff at the centre are often asked why limited resources are being spent on research that is perceived as replicating previously published work, especially when other western countries have …
Israeli court allows amputation of child's hand against wishes of mother
Authors: T. Traubmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors at Sheba Medical Center, in Ramat Gan, Israel, amputated the hand of a child, despite her mother’s objection, after surgeons were given the go ahead by the family court in Tel Aviv. The operation was needed to remove a malignant tumour that threatened the child’s life.

The hospital reported that the operation, performed on 19 July, was successful and the girl was feeling well. The 13 year old child is the daughter of immigrants from Ethiopia, and lives with her mother in the south of Israel.

The girl and her mother sought medical care eight months ago because …
Recurrent Ketoacidosis in Acquired, Total Lipodystrophy (Lipoatrophic Diabetes)
Authors: David C Robbins, Ethan A Sims
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The absence of ketoacidosis is thought to be characteristic of generalized lipoatrophic diabetes. It is widely believed that lipoatrophic diabetic patients are able to tolerate starvation and therapeutic insulin withdrawal, due to absence of subcutaneous body fat,the substrate essential for ketogenesis. In this article, we document nine episodes of acidosis and accelerated ketone body formation in a 24-yr-old woman whose deterioration followed episodes of dietary excesses without evidence of intercurrent infection or other identifiable forms of metabolic stress. Serum C-peptide measurements demonstrated that an absolute insulin deficiency did not exist. During short-term, experimental, dietary manipulations, excess dietary calories worsened the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia but did not reproduce the ketoacidotic state. Excess fat added to the diet was the most poorly tolerated of the food groups, causing ketonuria, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal pain. Our experience with this patient suggests that increased food consumption, insufficient insulin relative to an insulin-resistant state, and increased amounts of insulin counterregulatory hormones (stress), acted in concert to cause acidosis and increased ketone body formation.
Aetiology and natural history of Parkinson's disease.
Authors: J M Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1978)

understanding of the reflex basis of bradycardia is in proce- dures used for terminating bouts of supraventricular tachy- cardia.Since breathing inhibits the reflexes that evoke brady- cardia all attempts to increase vagal tone-whether by carotid sinus massage, pressure on the eyes, or applying water to the face-should be attempted while the patient voluntarily holds his breath.I The obligatory holding of the breath when the face is completely immersed gives the method a physiological advantage over carotid sinus massage or eye pressure10 unless the patient voluntarily holds his breath during those procedures.Ideally, breath holding should occur in the end-expiratory phase.But as reflex inhibition from intrapulmonary receptors is phasic, and lasts only a few seconds when the lungs are held inflated,3 breath holding in the inspiratory position should carry no great disadvantage.On the other hand, where bradycardia becomes excessive, as in simple vasovagal faints or during manipulations in oph- thalmic and nasopharyngeal surgery," it should be preventable by voluntarily increased breathing or by increasing the fre- quency and amplitude of imposed lung inflations.Even the glass of water given to someone who feels faint makes good physiological sense, for swallowing is known to be associated with intense bursts of firing in central inspiratory neurones, and this central inspiratory activity inhibits vagal excitation and relieves bradycardia.'