tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Two Types of Bipolar Depression Using a Dimensional Approach
Authors: Chantal Henry, Katia M’Baïlara, Rollon Poinsot, Anne-Aurelie Casteret, Frédéric Sorbara, Marion Leboyer, Eduard Vieta
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

Although there is a great heterogeneity of depressive states in bipolar patients, there is only one definition in international classifications for describing them. However, this variety seems particularly important to recognize because of the possible exacerbation of some of these bipolar depressive states by antidepressants. We aimed at assessing whether it is possible to distinguish different forms of bipolar depression using a dimensional approach.We characterized 60 bipolar patients with a Major Depressive Episode (DSM-IV) using a new tool (MAThyS; Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States), assessing five fundamental dimensions (emotional reactivity, cognitive speed, psychomotor function, motivation, and sensory perception) of mood states.A cluster analysis using the items of the dimensional scale revealed two types of depressive state: group 1 (n = 38), which had a low score, is characterized by an inhibition in all dimensions, whereas group 2 (n = 22) is characterized by an overactivation. The emotional reactivity is the most relevant dimension for discriminating these two types of depression (group 1: hyporeactivity; group 2: hyperreactivity), whereas sadness is not.Bipolar depressive states are not homogeneous. A dimensional approach based on emotional reactivity could be useful for discriminating the different forms of bipolar depression. Bipolar depressions may be classified as hyporeactive or hyperreactive. This classification might have therapeutic implications, because hyperreactive depression should belong to the broad spectrum of mixed states.
Cell sodium and the induction of myocardial injury after adrenaline
Authors: W.-K. LEE, B. HAIDER, S S. AHMED, H. A OLDEWURTEL, M. M LYONS, T. J REGAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Accumulation of calcium in cardiac cells during catecholamine induced injury is considered a major pathogenetic factor but its mechanism has not been defined. During initiation of injury in an intact canine model, cell sodium was enhanced fourfold in myocardium after a local infusion of epinephrine via the left anterior descending coronary artery for a 60 min period. Tissue calcium was enhanced and a major role for the Na-Ca carrier system is suggested. Regional myocardial function, blood flow and electrocardiogram responses to toxic levels of the catecholamine have been contrasted with ischaemic injury.
Contribution of Sodium Channel Mutations to Bradycardia and Sinus Node Dysfunction in LQT3 Families
Authors: Marieke W. Veldkamp, Ronald Wilders, Antonius Baartscheer, Jan G. Zegers, Connie R. Bezzina, Arthur A.M. Wilde
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

One variant of the long-QT syndrome (LQT3) is caused by mutations in the human cardiac sodium channel gene. In addition to the characteristic QT prolongation, LQT3 carriers regularly present with bradycardia and sinus pauses. Therefore, we studied the effect of the 1795insD Na + channel mutation on sinoatrial (SA) pacemaking. The 1795insD channel was previously characterized by the presence of a persistent inward current ( I pst ) at −20 mV and a negative shift in voltage dependence of inactivation. In the present study, we first additionally characterized I pst over the complete voltage range of the SA node action potential (AP) by measuring whole-cell Na + currents ( I Na ) in HEK-293 cells expressing either wild-type or 1795insD channels. I pst for 1795insD channels varied between 0.8±0.2% and 1.9±0.8% of peak I Na . Activity of 1795insD channels during SA node pacemaking was confirmed by AP clamp experiments. Next, I pst and the negative shift were implemented into SA node AP models. The −10-mV shift decreased sinus rate by decreasing diastolic depolarization rate, whereas I pst decreased sinus rate by AP prolongation, despite a concomitant increase in diastolic depolarization rate. In combination, moderate I pst (1% to 2%) and the shift reduced sinus rate by ≈10%. An additional increase in I pst could result in plateau oscillations and failure to repolarize completely. Thus, Na + channel mutations displaying an I pst or a negative shift in inactivation may account for the bradycardia seen in LQT3 patients, whereas SA node pauses or arrest may result from failure of SA node cells to repolarize under conditions of extra net inward current.
Cloning the human betaretrovirus proviral genome from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Lizhe Xu, Michael Sakalian, Zhiwei Shen, George Loss, James Neuberger, Andrew Mason
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have both serologic and tissue evidence of infection. A recently identified human betaretrovirus was originally cloned from the biliary epithelium cDNA library of a patient with PBC. By conducting a BLASTN search, the initial partial pol gene fragment was found to have 95% to 97% nucleotide homology with mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and with retrovirus sequences derived from human breast cancer samples. Using an anti-p27 CA MMTV antibody, viral proteins were detected in the perihepatic lymph nodes but not in liver tissue samples from patients with PBC, suggesting a higher viral burden in lymphoid tissue. Therefore, in the current study, we used lymph node DNA to clone the proviral genome of the human betaretrovirus from two patients with PBC using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) walking methodology with conserved primers complementary to MMTV. The human betaretrovirus genome contains five potential open reading frames (ORF) for Gag, protease (Pro), polymerase (Pol), envelope (Env), and superantigen (Sag) proteins that are collinear with their counterparts in MMTV. Alignment studies performed with characterized MMTV and human breast cancer betaretrovirus amino acid sequences revealed a 93% to 99% identity with the p27 capsid proteins, a 93% to 97% identity with the betaretrovirus envelope proteins, and a 76% to 85% identity with the more variable superantigen proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of known betaretrovirus superantigen proteins showed that the human and murine sequences did not cluster as two distinct species. In conclusion, human betaretrovirus nucleic acid sequences have been cloned from patients with PBC. They share marked homology with MMTV and human breast cancer-derived retrovirus sequences. (Hepatology 2004;39:151-156.)
Aseptic (Ischemic) Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Murray K. Dalinka
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ASEPTIC (ischemic) necrosis of the femoral head may occur following trauma, without antecedent cause, with corticosteroid therapy, or may be associated with systemic disease. Greenfield<sup>1</sup>has listed 54 entities that have been reported as causes of femoral head fragmentation. The major differential diagnostic considerations are listed in the Table. An etiologic classification has been proposed by Edeiken et al.<sup>2</sup>This divides the causes of ischemic necrosis into (1) vascular thrombosis, (2) diseases involving the vessel wall, (3) diseases of adjacent bone, and (4) traumatic and idiopathic causes. Although this classification is inherently logical, many of the etiologic subdivisions have been refuted by experimental data. <h3>Clinical Symptoms</h3> The early symptoms are usually nonspecific and consist of pain in the groin or buttock. The pain may radiate to the anterior thigh or knee. Later in the course of the untreated disorder, the symptoms increase in severity, and limp, limitation of
VALUE OF PITUITARY GLAND THERAPY
Authors: JOSEPH L. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

No attempt will be made to discuss all conditions in which pituitary gland substance has been recommended, but only those in which its value has been proved, or disturbances in which, from a physiologic standpoint, such treatment is indicated.  It has been definitely determined that the polyuria of diabetes insipidus can be controlled by the hypodermic administration of posterior lobe extract. The cure is purely symptomatic and continues only as long as the treatment is administered. There is evidence that similar results may be obtained by applying the solution to the nasal mucosa and, in some cases at least, by rectum; but when given by rectum the effect is very transitory. The administration by mouth is without effect in diabetes insipidus.  An extract of the posterior lobe when administered hypodermically is of value in some forms of flatulence, when not due to obstruction, and in postoperative paralytic ileus. In a
Decisions on Life and Death
Authors: David Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  It is often said that if a physician decides to discontinue medical measures in the face of incurable illness he is assigning to himself the divine prerogative of deciding life and death—and thus is playing   This view is questionable on at least two grounds. First, it does not adequately distinguish between nature and (to use Jefferson's phrase) nature's  The view usually assumes that when a person is ill or dies, this is the direct will and action of God. The error is that it glosses over the difference between the processes of nature (even if established by a Creator) and a direct intervention by God. Thus, traditionally, such events as storms, accidents, and disease have been superstitiously referred to as acts of   If a child runs in front of an oncoming car and is injured or killed, is this the direct intent of God?
Severe adverse maternal outcomes among low risk women with planned home versus hospital births in the Netherlands: nationwide cohort study
Authors: A. de Jonge, J. A. J. M. Mesman, J. Mannien, J. J. Zwart, J. van Dillen, J. van Roosmalen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To test the hypothesis that low risk women at the onset of labour with planned home birth have a higher rate of severe acute maternal morbidity than women with planned hospital birth, and to compare the rate of postpartum haemorrhage and manual removal of placenta. <b>Design</b> Cohort study using a linked dataset. <b>Setting</b> Information on all cases of severe acute maternal morbidity in the Netherlands collected by the national study into ethnic determinants of maternal morbidity in the netherlands (LEMMoN study), 1 August 2004 to 1 August 2006, merged with data from the Netherlands perinatal register of all births occurring during the same period. <b>Participants</b> 146 752 low risk women in primary care at the onset of labour. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Severe acute maternal morbidity (admission to an intensive care unit, eclampsia, blood transfusion of four or more packed cells, and other serious events), postpartum haemorrhage, and manual removal of placenta. <b>Results</b> Overall, 92 333 (62.9%) women had a planned home birth and 54 419 (37.1%) a planned hospital birth. The rate of severe acute maternal morbidity among planned primary care births was 2.0 per 1000 births. For nulliparous women the rate for planned home versus planned hospital birth was 2.3 versus 3.1 per 1000 births (adjusted odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.06), relative risk reduction 25.7% (95% confidence interval −0.1% to 53.5%), the rate of postpartum haemorrhage was 43.1 versus 43.3 (0.92, 0.85 to 1.00 and 0.5%, −6.8% to 7.9%), and the rate of manual removal of placenta was 29.0 versus 29.8 (0.91, 0.83 to 1.00 and 2.8%, −6.1% to 11.8%). For parous women the rate of severe acute maternal morbidity for planned home versus planned hospital birth was 1.0 versus 2.3 per 1000 births (0.43, 0.29 to 0.63 and 58.3%, 33.2% to 87.5%), the rate of postpartum haemorrhage was 19.6 versus 37.6 (0.50, 0.46 to 0.55 and 47.9%, 41.2% to 54.7%), and the rate of manual removal of placenta was 8.5 versus 19.6 (0.41, 0.36 to 0.47 and 56.9%, 47.9% to 66.3%). <b>Conclusions</b> Low risk women in primary care at the onset of labour with planned home birth had lower rates of severe acute maternal morbidity, postpartum haemorrhage, and manual removal of placenta than those with planned hospital birth. For parous women these differences were statistically significant. Absolute risks were small in both groups. There was no evidence that planned home birth among low risk women leads to an increased risk of severe adverse maternal outcomes in a maternity care system with well trained midwives and a good referral and transportation system.
Cross-talk between TGF-beta/SMAD and integrin signaling pathways in regulating hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis under deferral dynamic compression
Authors: Tianting Zhang, Feng Wen, Yingnan Wu, Graham Seow Hng Goh, Zigang Ge, Lay Poh Tan, James Hoi Po Hui, Zheng Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A Tribute to Charles S. Cameron, MD, CA's Founding Editor
Authors: Arthur I. Holleb
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1999)

Charles S. Cameron, MD, CA's founding Editor, died on October 24, 1998, at the age of 90. During his long and useful life, Dr. Cameron made many remarkable contributions to the care of cancer patients, most notably in cancer prevention and detection and in educating physicians about cancer. Dr. Cameron's love of words and language was evident in his skillful writing and inspirational speaking. His lucid style and superb timing would bring audiences to their feet, cheering. Dr. Cameron joined the National Office of the American Cancer Society as Medical and Scientific Director in 1948, eventually becoming Vice President. While at the Society he lectured and wrote about the importance of early treatment, aiming his message at both physicians and the public. He pioneered the use of closed circuit television in professional education and promoted special fellowships in cancer diagnosis and treatment. His 1955 book The Truth About Cancer became a best seller. One of the first to recognize the potential of the Pap test for reducing deaths from cervical cancer, Dr. Cameron widely promoted its use. In 1950 Dr. Cameron founded CA—A Bulletin of Cancer Progress, which later became CA—A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. Convinced that when cancer was treated was more important than how, he wanted to reach general practitioners, the first doctors that patients consult. For these busy physicians, CA would condense “authentic information about diagnosis, treatment, control, and research,” as he said in the first issue, distilling material of practical usefulness. In a letter to Dr. Cameron celebrating his 90th birthday, friends and colleagues noted that his work with the ACS and his book “were among the original factors in the formation of a national campaign against cancer.” He left the Society in 1956 to become Dean of Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital and went on to become President and Chairman of the Board of Trustees. Throughout his career, Dr. Cameron used his gift for communication to better the lives of cancer patients, their families, and the health professionals who treat them. CA, which will celebrate its 50th anniversary next year, stands as a lasting tribute to Dr. Cameron's legacy.
Effects of Laser Radiation on Biological Systems.
Authors: Edmund Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Effects of Laser Radiation on Biological Systems.Edmund Klein, M.D., Elias Cohen, M.D., Julian Ambrus, M.D., Samuel Fine, M.S.Edmund Klein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Elias Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Julian Ambrus, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Samuel Fine, M.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-725_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies on the effects of laser radiation in normal and tumor bearing animals and on isolated biological systems have been carried out. Animals included hamsters, mice, rats, and monkeys. The in vitro systems included viable mammalian cells, unicellular organisms and macromolecular preparations of biological origin. Our studies were carried out at 10,600 Å, 6943 Å and 6328 Å, at energy levels from the millijoule region to more than 500 joules, peak power levels exceeding 100 Mw and pulse repetition frequencies of 1/sec. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of the biological effects varied with the characteristics of the radiation. Effects on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 725-726KeywordsCellsHeart rateSystems biology Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Osteonecrosis and Scintigraphic Evaluation
Authors: Myron L. Lecklitner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head During Pregnancy contributes to the knowledge of this infrequent cause of osteonecrosis. I am, however, concerned that the authors' Fig 2 (the comparative hip scintigram) may have been unwittingly offered as the optimal noninvasive technique for demonstrating osteonecrosis of the hip.  Cortical bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals (one of which was used to generate the image in the cited article) will localize in any osseous site of hyperperfusion or increased osteoblastic activity. Hence, cortical images are extremely sensitive but nonspecific and may represent a broad spectrum of causes. In the early stages of some bone diseases, roentgenographic studies may not detect, let alone differentiate, these disorders, eg, osteomyelitis, stress fracture, and osteonecrosis. In medullary osteonecrosis, cortical imaging may demonstrate either increased or decreased activity depending on the combination of vessels that are occluded. 1 Thus, the cortical image shown in the article is
Increased expression of heat shock protein 65 coincides with a population of infiltrating T lymphocytes in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbits specifically responding to heat shock protein 65.
Authors: Q Xu, R Kleindienst, W Waitz, H Dietrich, G Wick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have shown previously that atherosclerotic lesions can be induced in normocholesterolemic rabbits by immunization with mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (hsp65), which has a high degree of sequence homology with mammalian hsp60. To investigate a possible relationship between hsp60 expression and the antigenic specificities of infiltrating T cells in the lesion, 38 New Zealand White rabbits were treated either by immunization with recombinant mycobacterial hsp65 or by administration of a 0.2% cholesterol diet. Atherosclerotic lesions were observed after 16 wk, particularly in the aortic arch and arterial bifurcations of rabbits immunized with hsp65 or fed with a cholesterol-rich diet. Hsp65 staining of aortas showed a heterogeneous distribution, and significantly increased staining intensity in atherosclerotic lesions compared to aortic media or adventitia. This abundantly expressed hsp65 was observed in atherosclerotic lesions induced by hsp65 immunization as well as those induced by cholesterol-rich diet alone. Interestingly, a population of the T lymphocytes isolated from all forms of atherosclerotic lesions specifically responded to hsp65 in vitro. IL-2-expanded T cell lines derived from atherosclerotic lesions showed a significantly higher hsp65 reactivity than those developed from peripheral blood of the same donor. Furthermore, levels of circulating antibodies and numbers of spleen cells specifically reacting against hsp65 were elevated in all experimental animals. Flow cytometric analysis of spleen cells showed elevated immune response-associated antigen expression in treated animals. In conclusion, increased hsp65 expression in intimal cells and the presence of hsp65-specific T cells in blood and in atherosclerotic lesions may be important in initiating the development of atherosclerosis and perpetuating the lesions.
Chronic Recurrent Jejunogastric Intussusception — Diagnosed by Gastroscopy
Authors: L. Domján, B. B. Balás
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

A further case of endoscopically diagnosed jejunogastric intussusception has been reported. The importance of fiberscopy in diagnosing this rare postoperative complication is emphasized. Authors are convinced that with more frequent use of fiberoptic instruments more cases would be preoperatively diagnosed.
Emergency Department Visits by Adults for Psychiatric Medication Adverse Events
Authors: Lee M. Hampton, Matthew Daubresse, Hsien-Yen Chang, G. Caleb Alexander, Daniel S. Budnitz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

In 2011, an estimated 26.8 million US adults used prescription medications for mental illness.To estimate the numbers and rates of adverse drug event (ADE) emergency department (ED) visits involving psychiatric medications among US adults between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011.Descriptive analyses of active, nationally representative surveillance of ADE ED visits using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance system and of drug prescribing during outpatient visits using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.Medical records from national probability samples of ED and outpatient visits by adults 19 years or older were reviewed and analyzed.Antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium salts, sedatives and anxiolytics, and stimulants.National estimates of ADE ED visits resulting from therapeutic psychiatric medication use and of psychiatric medication ADE ED visits per 10,000 outpatient visits at which psychiatric medications were prescribed.From 2009 through 2011, there were an estimated 89,094 (95% CI, 68,641-109,548) psychiatric medication ADE ED visits annually, with 19.3% (95% CI, 16.3%-22.2%) resulting in hospitalization and 49.4% (95% CI, 46.5%-52.4%) involving patients aged 19 to 44 years. Sedatives and anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium salts, and stimulants were implicated in an estimated 30,707 (95% CI, 23,406-38,008), 25,377 (95% CI, 19,051-31,704), 21,578 (95% CI, 16,599-26,557), 3620 (95% CI, 2311-4928), and 2779 (95% CI, 1764-3794) respective ADE ED visits annually. Antipsychotics and lithium salts were implicated in 11.7 (95% CI, 10.1-13.2) and 16.4 (95% CI, 13.0-19.9) ADE ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits, respectively, compared with 3.6 (95% CI, 3.2-4.1) for sedatives and anxiolytics, 2.9 (95% CI, 2.3-3.5) for stimulants, and 2.4 (95% CI, 2.1-2.7) for antidepressants. The commonly used sedative zolpidem tartrate was implicated in 11.5% (95% CI, 9.5%-13.4%) of all adult psychiatric medication ADE ED visits and in 21.0% (95% CI, 16.3%-25.7%) of visits involving adults 65 years or older, in both cases significantly more than any other psychiatric medication.Psychiatric medications are implicated in many ADEs treated in US EDs. Efforts to reduce ADEs should include adults of all ages but might prioritize medications causing high numbers and rates of ED visits.
Polypoid basal cell carcinoma: a new clinicopathological variant
Authors: None MEGAHED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Polypoid basal cell carcinoma: a new clinicopathological variant Get access M. MEGAHED M. MEGAHED Department of Dermatology, Heinrich‐Heine‐University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Dr Megahed E‐mail: megahed@uni‐duesseldorf.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 4, 1 April 1999, Pages 701–703, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02774.x Published: 01 April 1999