tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening Young syndrome patients for CFTR mutations.
Authors: K J Friedman, H Teichtahl, D M De Kretser, P Temple-Smith, G J Southwick, L M Silverman, W E Highsmith, R C Boucher, M R Knowles
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Young syndrome is characterized by obstructive azoospermia associated with chronic sinobronchial disease of an infectious nature, but normal sweat-gland and pancreatic function as well as normal nasal potential differences. Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) in some patients arises from mutations within the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Because of some similarities between Young syndrome, CF, and CBAVD, we evaluated 13 patients with Young syndrome, including screening for more than 30 different mutations within the CFTR gene. The mean age of the patients was 43 yr (range, 32 to 50 yr), and all were of northern European extraction. The sweat chloride concentration was normal in all patients (mean = 29 mEq/L; range, 8 to 43 mEq/L). Most had intermittent bronchial and sinus infections, but none was chronically colonized with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The FEV1 was normal or only mildly reduced in most patients (mean = 74%; range, 48 to 100% predicted). Of 26 Young syndrome chromosomes, we identified one with the recognized CF mutation delta F508. The incidence of CFTR mutations (1 in 26) did not differ significantly from the expected carrier frequency in this population. In summary, it is unlikely that the typical Young syndrome patient has a clinical disease associated with CFTR mutation on both alleles.
Hemodynamic vascular forces contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in reperfused canine epicardial coronary arteries
Authors: Pamela Ouyang, Lewis C. Becker, Mark B. Effron, Ahvie Herskowitz, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. We studied canine coronary arterial vasoreactivity after occlusion and reperfusion to examine whether reduced flow or pressure contributed to the abnormalities observed. Background. Ischemia and reperfusion alter endothelial and myocardial function. Causative factors may include altered flow, complement activation or free radical production by endothelial or white blood cells after reoxygenation and neutrophil activation. Methods. The coronary arteries of anesthetized, open chest dogs were subjected to 90-min occlusion ±2 h of reperfusion. The effect of reperfusion on arterial responses to intracoronary acetylcholine, nitroprusside and phenylephrine was studied using in vivo ultrasound. Arterial segments were also harvested, perfused ex vivo with cell-free buffer and exposed to potassium chloride, nitroprusside, acetylcholine and bradykinin. The effect of ex vivo flow cessation with or without maintained intralumen pressure was also studied. Results. Results are expressed as mean value ± SEM. In vivo arterial cross-sectional area increased during infusion with acetylcholine (10−5mol/liter [18.5 ± 9%]) and nitroprusside (10−5mol/ liter [22.5 ± 10%]) and decreased with phenylephrine (10−5mol/liter [7.6 ± 7%]). After reperfusion, acetylcholine caused 13.5 ± 9% vasoconstriction. Nitroprusside and phenylephrine responses were unchanged. Reperfused arterial segments also showed impaired vasodilation in response to 10−6mol/liter of acetylcholine (10.6 ± 5.1% vs. 47.1 ± 4.9% in control vessels) and 10−3mol/liter of bradykinin (4.4 ± 6.7% vs. 27.9 ± 8% in control vessels). Ex vivo flow cessation impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, but this abnormality was prevented when high intralumen pressure was maintained during the no-flow period. Conclusions. Reduction in flow and intralumen pressure contribute to the impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation seen after coronary occlusion. This is prevented by maintaining high intralumen pressure during the no-flow period, suggesting that hemodynamic forces may change endothelial function independent of circulating complement or blood cell elements.
Meteorological effects of environmental controls.
Authors: G D Robinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The solution of the continuity equation in practical applications is examined, and the values needed for approximate solutions are indicated. Models are adequate for investigating what could happen, but are less satisfactory for predicting what will happen. An example is given in relation to the distribution of SO2 over Connecticut. More knowledge is needed about atmospheric chemistry before better predictions can be expected. The effect of particulates on atmospheric opacity is reviewed.
A. D. A. M. Interactive Anatomy
Authors: Stanley W. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The multimedia study of medicine has moved into a new era with the introduction of the newest and most ambitious product from A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. The company's line of interactive medical teaching aids, first launched in 1993, reaches new heights with A.D.A.M. Interactive Anatomy, released this spring for both Macintosh and Windows 95.  This newest A.D.A.M. CD offers over 20 000 anatomical structures in four different primary views. It incorporates three-dimensional images based on the Visible Human data set, cadaver photographs from the Bassett collection, and myriad pinned anatomical images.  The opening menu offers four options. Dissectible Anatomy provides a layer-by-layer guided dissection tour of either male or female anatomy, down through hundreds of layers. The huge database can be viewed in multiple windows at the same time, so that a viewer can compare the same anatomical structure in anterior, lateral, medial, posterior, lateral arm, and medial arm views.
Cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Tsen-Fang Tsai, Ih-Jen Su, Yau-Chin Lu, Ann-Lii Cheng, Hsu-Po Yeh, Hong-Chung Hsieh, Hwei-Fun Tien, Jau-Shiuh Chen, Wu-Ching Uen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)
Quantification of ex vivo generated dendritic cells (DC) and leukemia-derived DC contributes to estimate the quality of DC, to detect optimal DC-generating methods or to optimize DC-mediated T-cell-activation-procedures ex vivo or in vivo
Authors: H M Schmetzer, A Kremser, J Loibl, T Kroell, H-J Kolb
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Virus antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases.
Authors: P E Phillips, C L Christian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

The discovery of multitubular 'virus-like' inclusions in renal tissue from patients with systemic lupus ery- thematosus (SLE) (Gyorkey, Sinkovics, Min, and Gyorkey, 1972) renewed interest in the hypothesis that this and other connective tissue diseases (CTD) might have a microbial aetiology (Christian, Phillips, and Williams, 1971; Ziff, 1971).Attempts to isolate viruses from SLE have been unsuccessful (Feorino, Hierholzer, and Norton, 1970; Phillips, 1971), but increased antibodies to various viruses have been found (Phillips and Christian, 1970; Hollinger, Sharp, Lidsky, and Rawls, 1971; Hurd, Dowdle, Casey, and Ziff, 1972; Evans, Rothfield, and Nieder- man, 1971; Kalliomaki and Halonen, 1972).These studies failed to implicate a specific virus as the cause of SLE, but the reason for the antibody elevations was not clear.We found a direct relationship be- tween measles and gamma globulin levels which suggested that the elevated antibody levels in SLE were due to hyperimmunoglobulinaemia (Phillips and Christian, 1972).We report here an analysis of measles, parainfluenza type 1 (Para-1), and adeno- virus antibodies in relation to various clinical and laboratory parameters in subjects with SLE, other CTD and other diseases.Subjects and methods SLE patients had typical multiple system involvement with positive antinuclear antibody and/or lupus erythema- tosus (LE) cell tests.More than 85 per cent. of the rheuma- toid arthritis (RA) patients had classical or definite disease (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959).The diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was cer- tain in two-thirds of this group.One-third of the other CTD group had scleroderma and one third vasculitis (systemic and dermal); the remaining patients included five with mixed CTD syndromes, two with dermatomyositis, and three with drug-induced LE.All except three patients 9.5 mi./mi.serum; and measles CF and Para-I haemag-
Acute Coronary Occlusion in Pigs: Effects of Acetyl Strophanthidin
Authors: W. B. Hood, V. H. Covelli, J. C. Norman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in pigs produced haemodynamic changes of left ventricular failure. Administration of acetyl strophanthidin before a second occlusion led to less marked haemodynamic changes.
TCT-468 Can in-stent neointimal characteristics predict late neointimal progression after drug-eluting stent implantation?: a serial optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Kenzo Fukuhara, Akihiro Hayashida, Takahiro Kawamoto, Terumasa Koyama, Teruyoshi Kume, Yoji Neishi, Hiroyuki Okura, Ryotaro Yamada, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
European health commissioner praises food firms for efforts to cut obesity
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An aggressive variant of adenosarcoma, mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth (MASO) in the cervix is extremely rare. This variant contains obvious, high-grade sarcoma in addition to a low-grade form. In this report, we describe a case of MASO of the uterine cervix and review the clinical and pathological features of these tumors. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a cervical polypoid mass, which was morphologically considered as a benign endocervical polyp. Microscopically, polypoid cervical mass showed diffuse and dense malignant spindle cell proliferation around the benign endocervical glands and also an area of markedly anaplastic and pleomorphic spindle cell proliferation, so called, sarcomatous overgrowth. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. The patient has been followed-up and neither chemotherapy nor other adjuvant therapies have been administered. At present, she has been clinically free of disease for 9 months since she received surgery. It is extremely rare that MASO of the uterine cervix is presented in premenopausal woman. Gynecologists and pathologists should be aware of the difficulties associated with a delay in the diagnosis of MASO when the tumor is present as a benign looking cervical polyp.
Linearity of the vascular pressure-volume relationship of the canine intestine.
Authors: C F Rothe, T D Bennett, B L Johns
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

To test whether the pressure-volume relationship of the canine small intestinal vasculature is linear over the normal range of portal venous pressures (5 to 35 mm Hg), we used two methods to measure volume: (1) the integral of inflow minus outflow (IFD), and (2) tissue activity of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes (Cr-51). Venous pressures were changed in steps of 5 mm Hg with a servo-controlled system. The tissue was perfused at a constant rate. With venous pressures of 3.6 to 38.6 mm Hg, the vascular compliance was 2.19 +/- 0.42 (SD) ml/kg x mm Hg using IFD, and 1.87 +/- 0.50 ml/kg x mm Hg using Cr-51. Although a quadratic term significantly improved the fit, the effect was small (less than 3 ml/kg with a 30 mm Hg venous pressure change). The control blood volume of the intestinal loop at a venous pressure of 8.6 +/- 1.5 (SD) mm Hg was 86.2 +/- 19.1 ml/kg tissue weight using the mean transit time of a step input of indocyanine green at a perfusion pressure of 106 +/- 29 mm Hg and a flow of 556 +/- 147 ml/min x kg. We conclude that there is no significant change in compliance over the normal venous pressure range of 5-35 mm Hg.
Cancer: The Basics
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Cancer: The Basics Cancer is a word applied to different types of abnormal, unhealthy cells that grow in an uncontrolled way in the body' s tissues.Cancer causes malignant tumors (abnormal growths) and loss of normal body organ function.The cancer cells can metastasize (spread) to nearby organs or can spread through the bloodstream or lymph system to other areas of the body, depending on the type of cancer involved and the severity of the disease.In addition to causing changes in and damaging the area where it started, cancer often causes other symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, anemia (low blood count), pain, weakness, depression, and shortness of breath, and it can be associated with infection.More than 11 million persons in the United States have cancer.Worldwide, more than 12 million individuals are diagnosed with cancer every year.Health care professionals involved in cancer care include oncologists and hematologists (doctors with specialized education and training in treating cancer and diseases of the bloodstream), surgeons of different specialties including surgical oncologists (who focus on surgical management of cancer), radiation oncologists (doctors with specialized training in using x-ray therapy to treat cancer), and nurses with special expertise in cancer care.The March 17, 2010, issue of JAMA is a theme issue devoted to articles about cancer.
Multiple Authorship
Authors: Joost P. H. Drenth
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-The number of authors per article has increased markedly in recent years.Little is known about the hierarchical order of authorship and its change over time.Objective.-Toassess the change in number and profile of authors of original articles published over a 20-year period in BMJ.It was hypothesized that the number of authors increased over this 20-year period and that
Influence of Smoking on the Survival Rate of Diabetic Patients Requiring Hemodialysis
Authors: Glorg Biesenbach, Jan Zazgornik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of cigarette smoking on the survival rate of diabetic patients on hemodialysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 1- and 5-year survival rates and the mean values of HbA1c, serum lipids, fibrinogen, and blood pressure. We compared the prevalence of vascular damage at the beginning of dialysis therapy and the endpoint of the study, as well as the causes of death in 22 diabetic patients who smoked (&amp;gt; 10 cigarettes/day) and 30 nonsmoking diabetic patients. RESULTS There were no differences with respect to HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In contrast, diabetic patients with tobacco consumption had significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher levels of fibrinogen (428 ± 98 vs. 378 ± 76 mg/dl) and higher systolic blood pressures (154 ± 12 vs. 146 ± 13 mm Hg) than the nonsmoking group. The 1- and 5-year survival rates of the smoking patients were 68 and 9%, respectively, and in the nonsmoking subjects, 80 and 37%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The prevalence of vascular damage was similar in both groups, but at the endpoint of the study, the incidence of myocardial infarctions was significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.005) in the smoking patients (77 vs. 13%). Cardiovascular events were the most frequent cause of death in both patient groups but more frequently in the smoking subjects (80 vs. 63%). CONCLUSIONS Hemodialyzed diabetic cigarette smokers show higher fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure values, a higher incidence of myocardial infarctions, and their 5-year survival rate is significantly decreased when compared with nonsmoking patients on hemodialysis.
A2.5 CD11c+ Dendritic Cells Play an Important Proinflammatory Role in Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: A Puchner, BS Blüml, V Saferding, B Niederreiter, H Leiss, JS Smolen, K Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Backround</h3> Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in bridging the innate and the adaptive immune response by serving as antigen presenting cells and are therefore implicated in the initiation of chronic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Using the K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, which depends only on the innate immune system, allowed us to investigate the innate role role of dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> KBxN serum transfer arthritis was induced in CD11c-diphteria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mice, which express the human diphtheria-toxin receptor under the CD11c promoter. This allows for specific depletion of CD11c+ cells by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT). DT or PBS were given on day -1, 3, 6 and 9 and the severity of arthritis was determined clinically and histologically. In addition, serum transfer arthritis was induced in wild type animals who also received DT. <h3>Results</h3> Efficient depletion of DCs from the spleen after injection of DT was confirmed by flow cytometry and histological analysis. Clinical scores of arthritis showed that CD11c-DTR transgenic mice had significantly reduced paw swelling and loss of grip strength compared to PBS treated animals. In contrast, wild type animals receiving DT showed identical clinical signs of arthritis as PBS treated animals, excluding unspecific effects of DT in mice. Histological analysis found that CD11c-DTR transgenic mice that had received DT displayed decreased synovial inflammation and a trend towards reduced local bone destruction. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data show that dendritic cells are involved in innate reactions leading to inflammatory arthritis and suggest that dendritic cells could be an important target for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
Differences in hemodynamic and oxygenation responses to three different phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hossein A. Ghofrani, Robert Voswinckel, Frank Reichenberger, Horst Olschewski, Peter Haredza, Burcu Karadaş, Ralph T. Schermuly, Norbert Weissmann, Werner Seeger, Friedrich Grimminger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Oncogenic NRAS rapidly and efficiently induces CMML- and AML-like diseases in mice
Authors: Chaitali Parikh, Ramesh Subrahmanyam, Ruibao Ren
Journal: Blood (2006)

Activating mutations in RAS, predominantly NRAS, are common in myeloid malignancies. Previous studies in animal models have shown that oncogenic NRAS is unable to induce myeloid malignancies effectively, and it was suggested that oncogenic NRAS might only act as a secondary mutation in leukemogenesis. In this study, we examined the leukemogenicity of NRAS using an improved mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation model. We found that oncogenic NRAS rapidly and efficiently induced chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)- or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)- like disease in mice, indicating that mutated NRAS can function as an initiating oncogene in the induction of myeloid malignancies. In addition to CMML and AML, we found that NRAS induced mastocytosis in mice. This result indicates that activation of the RAS pathway also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis. The mouse model for NRAS leukemogenesis established here provides a system for further studying the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies and for testing relevant therapies.
Prevalence of IgE antibodies specific for food allergens in patients with chronic urticaria of unexplained etiology
Authors: P. Kaeser, M. L. Revelly, P. C. Frei
Journal: Allergy (1994)

We investigated whether some cases of chronic urticaria of unexplained cause might be related to food allergy which had remained undetected during routine examination. This investigation was undertaken as the consequence of the availability of a new in vitro assay for specific IgE with increased sensitivity. The following three groups of subjects were studied: 1) a control group of 60 nonatopic subjects, 2) 60 patients with allergy to perennial aeroallergens without skin involvement, and 3) 60 patients suffering from chronic urticaria with no evidence of any triggering factor despite careful clinical investigation. Specific IgE against 19 food allergens frequently involved in urticaria were investigated in all subjects with the new CAP System (Pharmacia). Positive results (CAP &gt; 0.70 kU/1) for one or more food allergens were found in none of the nonatopic controls, in six of the subjects with respiratory allergy, and in 16 of the urticaria patients. The use of an in vitro test with an increased sensitivity allowed us to detect a significant prevalence of IgE specific for food allergens in patients with chronic urticaria of unknown origin. This suggests that, in several of those patients, chronic urticaria might be triggered by a food allergy undetected by the usual methods.
Inflammatory and Cell-Mediated Immune Biomarkers in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Depression: Inflammatory Markers Are Higher in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome than in Depression
Authors: Michael Maes, Frank N.M. Twisk, Karl Ringel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

Depression is an inflammatory disorder while many authors declare myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) to be a functional disorder. The aim of the present study is to compare inflammatory and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between depression and ME/CFS.We measured two proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) in plasma, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and serum neopterin with a radioimmunoassay in controls, ME/CFS and depressive patients.Plasma PICs were significantly higher in ME/CFS than in depression and higher in both patient groups than in controls. Increased PIC levels in depression were attributable to the presence of fatigue and physio-somatic symptoms. Serum neopterin did not differ significantly between depression and ME/CFS but was higher in both patient groups than in controls. The significant positive correlations between neopterin and either IL-1 or TNF-α were significantly greater in depression than in ME/CFS.Since PICs cause depression-like behaviors and fatigue/malaise, we suggest that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS and depression. Increased neopterin also seems to contribute to the pathophysiology of both disorders. This study has detected a shared 'pathway phenotype', i.e. disorders in inflammatory and CMI pathways, which underpins both ME/CFS and depression and, therefore, may explain the co-occurrence of both disorders. ME/CFS and depression are discriminated from each other by increased PICs in ME/CFS and differences in the immune cell communication networks.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES AMONG STRAINS OF THE "A GROUP" OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Authors: Thomas P. Magill, John Y. Sugg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

"Acute" and "convalescent" samples of serum from 40 patients from a localized outbreak of influenza were tested for mouse-protective antibodies against 7 different strains of influenza virus, which included 2 laboratory strains representative of "group A" and of "group B," and 5 strains from the investigated outbreak. The latter 5 strains although not identical were related to each other and to the PR8 strain. The chief point shown by the data was the considerable degree of antigenic difference among the 6 "group A" strains, evidenced by the marked differences in the protective capacities of the serums when tested against the various strains. A number of the "acute" serums showed high protective capacity against some strains but relatively little protective capacity against other strains. In the 5 instances in which it was possible to test the "acute" serums against strictly homologous strains of virus, no protective capacity was demonstrable. In 7 of 36 cases, the antibody responses evoked by influenza infections were not detectable by tests with some strains, but were detectable by tests against other related strains.