tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vasodilatory Effect of Pulsatile Pressure on Coronary Resistance Vessels
Authors: Masami Goto, Ed VanBavel, Maurice J.M.M. Giezeman, Jos A.E. Spaan
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Intramyocardial pressure becomes high in systole and decreases in diastole. Therefore, the transmural pressure of the intramyocardial vessels is pulsatile, resulting in the cyclic distension of these vessels. However, the effect of pulsatility on the behavior of the coronary resistance vessels has not been evaluated. To assess the influence of pulsatile pressure on the behavior of the coronary arterioles, we measured the luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) of coronary arterioles under cyclically changing transmural pressure. Isolated porcine coronary arterioles (internal diameter, 100 to 150 μm) were cannulated with two micropipettes and pressurized with square waves (1 Hz) through both pipettes so as not to induce flow-dependent vasodilation. During the presence (active, induced by acetylcholine; n=7) or absence (passive, abolished by bradykinin; n=7) of vascular tone, the CSA was measured under the following conditions: (1) The amplitude of the pressure pulse was changed at a fixed mean pressure. (2) The mean pressure was changed at a fixed pressure pulse. With increasing pulse pressure, the mean CSA at steady state increased under active conditions, whereas it decreased under passive conditions ( P &lt;.0001). This vasodilatory effect of pulse pressure remained present after endothelial denudation ( P &lt;.0001; n=6 vessels with basal tone, n=9 vessels with U46619-induced tone). The mean steady state CSA under passive conditions increased with the mean pressure ( P &lt;.05), whereas under active conditions it remained constant in the range of mean pressures between 50 and 100 mm Hg, reflecting myogenic responsiveness. These results indicate that an increase in amplitude of the pressure pulse dilates coronary arterioles. The vasodilating effect of the pulsation may compensate partly for the extra compressing effect of cardiac contraction on the intramyocardial vessels.
Immunochemical quantitation of complement components of Clq and C3 in sera and synovial fluids of patients with bone and joint diseases.
Authors: T Ochi, K Yonemasu, K Ono
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

The amount of the initiating complement component (Clq) in the classical pathway and the first essential component (C3) in the alternative complement pathway were measured with a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). A high ionic strength was used corresponding to that of 0 . 25 M NaCl and 0 . 01 M EDTA to avoid nonspecific binding of Clq with immune aggregates. Measurements were made on sera and/or synovial fluids from 165 patients with various bone and joint diseases. Values of Clq and C3 in synovial fluids were also expressed as ratios to that of albumin in the same specimens to avoid the influence of differences in volume of synovial fluid in various diseases, and this appeared to provide a reliable index reflecting pathological conditions. Both serum Clq and C3 levels were raised highly in rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and osteomyelitis, but the extent of the elevation of C3 was less conspicuous. Values of Clq and C3 in synovial fluids also markedly increased in rheumatoid arthritis.
Middle ear function in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J N Rosenberg, D A Moffat, R T Ramsden, W P Gibson, J B Booth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Using an otoadmittance meter the function of the middle ear was compared in 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 30 matched controls with non-articular rheumatism. Patients with pre-existing ear disease were excluded from the study. No subjects in either group showed hearing loss on pure tone audiometry, but otoadmittance abnormalities were recorded in 16 of the RA (42%) and in 2 of the control groups (7%). The pattern of abnormality was similar in each case and indicated an increased laxity of the conducting system. The reason for this unexpected finding is unknown. There were no significant differences between the RA patients with normal or abnormal recordings as regards clinical or laboratory features or treatment.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in 104 cirrhotic and control patients A prospective study
Authors: Christian Chapoutot, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Pierre-François Perrigault, Zouberr Joomaye, Pascal Perney, Helene Jean-Pierre, Olivier Jonquet, Pierre Blanc, Dominique Larrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Lymphangiogenic factors, mechanisms, and applications
Authors: Wei Zheng, Aleksanteri Aspelund, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is essential in embryonic development. In adults, it is involved in many pathological processes such as lymphedema, inflammatory diseases, and tumor metastasis. Advances during the past decade have dramatically increased the knowledge of the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis, including the roles of transcription factors, lymphangiogenic growth factors and their receptors, and intercellular and intracellular signaling cascades. Strategies based on these mechanisms are being tested in the treatment of various human diseases such as cancer, lymphedema, and tissue allograft rejection. This Review summarizes the recent progress on lymphangiogenic mechanisms and their applications in disease treatment.
A Methodological Critique of the 'Ideal Weight' Concept
Authors: Thomas R. Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This article raises several objections to the procedures that were employed to determine ideal (optimal, desirable) weights in the 1959 and 1979 Build and Blood Pressure studies, the Framingham (Mass) study, and the recent study of the relationship between weight and mortality carried out by the American Cancer Society. The new height-weight tables based on the 1979 Build and Blood Pressure study are also criticized. The article concludes with the recommendation that the concept of ideal weight be abandoned and that attention be devoted to the morbidity and mortality experience of "outliers" (the very thin and the very obese).
Leptin Action via Neurotensin Neurons Controls Orexin, the Mesolimbic Dopamine System and Energy Balance
Authors: Gina M. Leinninger, Darren M. Opland, Young-Hwan Jo, Miro Faouzi, Lyndsay Christensen, Laura A. Cappellucci, Christopher J. Rhodes, Margaret E. Gnegy, Jill B. Becker, Emmanuel N. Pothos, Audrey F. Seasholtz, Robert C. Thompson, Martin G. Myers
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Flawed meta-analysis creates doubt when answers are known
Authors: P. Walsh, S. J. Rothenberg, D. Robbins, J. Caldwell, S. Friese, A. Garzon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We were disappointed to see a Cochrane review recommend adrenaline and steroids in the outpatient management of bronchiolitis.1 The results of the meta-analysis reflect selection criteria excluding randomised controlled trials which do not support the author’s beliefs rather than the available data.

The stated rationale for excluding studies in which infants have had previous wheezing was to minimise including infants who might later develop asthma …
Cold urticaria as a model of mediator release: platelet factor 4, eosinophil cationic protein and histamine
Authors: A. R. Rosenkranz, M. Wekkeli, G. Hippmann, H. Benda, R. Jarisch, M. Götz
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Platelet factor 4 (PF4) has previously been linked to precipitation of cold urticaria (CU). The aim of the study was to assess the liberation of PF4, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and histamine after cold challenge in patients with CU. Ten controls and 8 patients with CU verified by clinical data and cold challenge test were investigated. Assessment of histamine, ECP and PF4 were done using radioimmunoassays. In patients histamine increased after 10 min on the challenged arm (NS), PF4 increase was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) both in patients and controls. ECP release showed no significant changes. Treatment with doxepin results in clinical improvement, but no changes in mediator release were seen. Thus, in contrast to previous reports an increase of PF4 was seen both in controls as well as in patients. An involvement of ECP was not ascertained. Our data suggest that neither basophils, nor eosinophils or platelets are directly involved in cold urticaria and that mast cell-dependent mediators may be of greater relevance.
Serum Heparan Sulfate Concentration is Correlated with the Failure of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Makoto Nishio, Takeharu Yamanaka, Kazuko Matsumoto, Hideharu Kimura, Kazuko Sakai, Asao Sakai, Takashi Sone, Atsushi Horiike, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kazuo Kasahara, Tatsuo Ohira, Norihiko Ikeda, Nagahiro Saijo, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria
Authors: Philip C Wong, Carlos A Pardo, David R Borchelt, Michael K Lee, Neal G Copeland, Nancy A Jenkins, Sangram S Sisodia, Don W Cleveland, Donald L Price
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause a subset of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Four lines of mice accumulating one of these mutant proteins (G37R) develop severe, progressive motor neuron disease. At lower levels of mutant accumulation, pathology is restricted to lower motor neurons, whereas higher levels cause more severe abnormalities and affect a variety of other neuronal populations. The most obvious cellular abnormality is the presence in axons and dendrites of membrane-bounded vacuoles, which appear to be derived from degenerating mitochondria. Since multiple lines of mice expressing wild-type human SOD1 at similar and higher levels do not show disease, the disease in mice expressing the G37R mutant SOD1 must arise from the acquisition of an adverse property by the mutant enzyme, rather than elevation or loss of SOD1 activity.
Increased liver iron stores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on a noncirrhotic liver
Authors: Bruno Turlin, Frédéric Juguet, Romain Moirand, Danielle Le Quilleuc, Olivier Loréal, Jean-Pierre Campion, Bernard Launois, Marie-Paule Ramée, Pierre Brissot, Yves Deugnier
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Iron was systematically studied in the nontumorous liver of 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed on a noncirrhotic liver compared with 4 control groups (cirrhosis with and without HCC, liver metastasis, and normal liver) matched according to age, sex, and presence of chronic alcoholism. Assessment of liver iron was made by (1) histology according to iron distribution and quantification (total iron score: 0 to 60), and (2) biochemistry (liver iron concentration-N < 36 mumol/g) with calculation of the hepatic iron index (liver iron concentration/age). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on a noncirrhotic liver presented with (1) histological iron in 83%; (2) parenchymal iron excess significantly more frequent (90%) than in controls; (3) total iron score (15 +/- 12) and liver iron concentration (81 +/- 96) significantly greater than in controls; and (4) hepatic iron index significantly increased (1.4 +/- 1.5) when compared with control groups, except for the hepatocellular carcinoma complicating cirrhosis group (0.9 +/- 1.1). This study (1) shows a mild but unquestionable parenchymal iron excess in the nontumorous liver of most patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on a noncirrhotic liver and, at a lesser extent, on cirrhosis, (2) should incite others to study the putative role of iron in the development of liver cancer both in patients with cirrhosis and those without it, whatever the cause of the underlying liver disease, and (3) add argument to take into account and to treat any liver iron excess, even when mild.
Induced Abortion and Subsequent Outcome of Pregnancy in a Series of American Women
Authors: Janet R. Daling, Irvin Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We studied the effect of induced abortion on outcome of subsequent pregnancy in a sample of 4896 parturients in Seattle, Washington, from July, 1972, through June, 1976. We used a matched-pair analysis for 571 women with histories of prior abortions. In addition to analyses involving all women with histories of induced abortions, separate analyses were done for 97 black women and 277 primiparas. Histories of prior induced abortions were not related to low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, neonatal death, miscarriage or congenital malformations in subsequent pregnancies. The termination procedure and weeks of gestation at time of termination were not related to the later occurrence of low birth weight or premature delivery.
World Health Assembly votes not to destroy smallpox virus
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The world's two remaining stocks of smallpox virus, kept in Russia and in the United States, should not be destroyed just yet, the World Health Assembly decided last week at its meeting in Geneva. Scientists may be allowed to genetically manipulate fragments of the virus to evaluate new drugs and treatments.

Smallpox was eradicated 25 years ago. Because vaccination stopped, many people lack immunity to the virus. Smallpox kills about …
Apoptosis and Bax Expression are Increased by Coal Dust in the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Exposed Lung
Authors: Mohamed M. Ghanem, Lori A. Battelli, Robert R. Mercer, James F. Scabilloni, Michael L. Kashon, Jane Y.C. Ma, Joginder Nath, Ann F. Hubbs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundMiners inhaling respirable coal dust (CD) frequently develop coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, a dust-associated pneumoconiosis characterized by lung inflammation and variable fibrosis. Many coal miners are also exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of diesel engine exhaust and cigarette smoke, which may contribute to lung disease in these workers. Recently, apoptosis was reported to play a critical role in the development of another pneumoconiosis of miners, silicosis. In addition, CD was reported to suppress cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction by PAHs.MethodsWe investigated the hypothesis that apoptosis plays a critical role in lung injury and down-regulation of CYP1A1 induction in mixed exposures to CD and PAHs. We exposed rats intratracheally to 0.0, 2.5, 10.0, 20.0, or 40.0 mg/rat CD and, 11 days later, to intraperitoneal β-naphthoflavone (BNF), a PAH. In another group of rats exposed to CD and BNF, caspase activity was inhibited by injection of the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH [quinoline-Val-Asp (OMe)-CH2-OPH].ResultsIn rats exposed to BNF, CD exposure increased alveolar expression of the proapoptotic mediator Bax but decreased CYP1A1 induction relative to BNF exposure alone. Pan-caspase inhibition decreased CD-associated Bax expression and apoptosis but did not restore CYP1A1 activity. Further, CD-induced lung inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia were not suppressed by caspase inhibition.ConclusionsCombined BNF and CD exposure increased Bax expression and apoptosis in the lung, but Bax and apoptosis were not the major determinants of early lung injury in this model.
In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Authors: Norbert Gleicher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It does not happen too often that one has the opportunity to review two books on the same topic by the same team of editors published in the same year, but this is the case here. I recently had had the opportunity to review another book on in vitro fertilization edited by Drs Wood and Trounson (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3189). One may wonder why the same editors would produce two texts within the same year on the same topic. An easy conclusion could be that the publication glut has finally also been reached in in vitro fertilization. While this may be the case, this second volume by Trounson and Wood is by no means repetitive. The first book presented the Australian view, of in vitro fertilization, which appropriately deserved an individual volume because of Australia's forefront position. The here-reviewed text represents a more worldwide look at the topic of in vitro fertilization.
Infertility in the Male
Authors: RONALD S. SWERDLOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Male infertility is a common and distressing problem in which reproductive abnormalities frequently play an important role. Assessment requires an understanding of the control of spermatogenesis and factors responsible for normal sperm function. Standard tests for assessment of semen quality frequently fail to detect impaired function, but newer tests are now available to measure sperm movement and their ability to penetrate the ovum. Algorithmic approaches based on laboratory data can be used to characterize subgroups of infertile men, but many patients have subtle abnormalities. Treatment of male infertility is ideally directed to a specific pathogenic mechanism; nonspecific therapies have produced disappointing results. Surgery is indicated for certain types of ductal obstruction, but whether internal spermatic vein ligation should be used to treat varicocele remains uncertain.
Agnes Helen Neilson Mellanby
Authors: Jane Mellanby
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Agnes Helen Neilson Mellanby Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Hemopoietic precursor cells in human peripheral blood
Authors: Eero Niskanen, Tor Olofsson, Martin J. Cline
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Human peripheral blood contains two types of stem cells that differentiate along the granulocytic pathway. They are separable by their ability to form colonies in agar in vitro (CFU‐C) and in plasma clots in diffusion chambers in vivo (CFU‐DG). Kinetic studies suggest that CFU‐DG represents an intermediate between the still hypothetical human pluripotent stem cell and CFU‐C.
Culturally Competent Diabetes Self-Management Education for Mexican Americans
Authors: Sharon A. Brown, Alexandra A. Garcia, Kamiar Kouzekanani, Craig L. Hanis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effects of a culturally competent diabetes self-management intervention in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A prospective, randomized, repeated measures study was conducted on the Texas-Mexico border in Starr County. A total of 256 randomly selected individuals with type 2 diabetes between 35 and 70 years of age, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after 35 years of age, and accompanied by a family member or friend were included. The intervention consisted of 52 contact hours over 12 months and was provided by bilingual Mexican American nurses, dietitians, and community workers. The intervention involved 3 months of weekly instructional sessions on nutrition, self-monitoring of blood glucose, exercise, and other self-care topics and 6 months of biweekly support group sessions to promote behavior changes. The approach was culturally competent in terms of language, diet, social emphasis, family participation, and incorporation of cultural health beliefs. Outcomes included indicators of metabolic control (HbA1c and fasting blood glucose), diabetes knowledge, and diabetes-related health beliefs. RESULTS—Experimental groups showed significantly lower levels of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose at 6 and 12 months and higher diabetes knowledge scores. At 6 months, the mean HbA1c of the experimental subjects was 1.4% below the mean of the control group; however, the mean level of the experimental subjects was still high (&amp;gt;10%). CONCLUSIONS—This study confirms the effectiveness of culturally competent diabetes self-management education on improving health outcomes of Mexican Americans, particularly for those individuals with HbA1c levels &amp;gt;10%.
The Influence of <i>in vitro</i> Phosphatide upon the Disappearance of Free Cholesterol in Heparinized and Unheparinized Serum Upon Incubation
Authors: ARNOLD WAGNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The disappearance of free cholesterol in incubated serum is inhibited in some lightly heparinized subjects. This inhibition is accentuated when an emulsion of soy bean phosphatides is added to the serum prior to incubation. The combined effect of in vivo heparin and in vitro phosphatide is the reverse of that produced by added phosphatide alone in unheparinized serum. In a limited number of experiments, the results with crystalline lecithin resembled those produced by soy bean phosphatides, but were more pronounced.
1151-144 Distal left anterior descending flow reserve by dobutamine versus adenosine transthoracic doppler echo during conventional dobutamine echocardiography: Feasibility and accuracy for left anterior descending patency
Authors: George Athanassopoulos, G Hatzigeorgiou, N Koutsogiannis, G Karatasakis, D.V Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Progressive Palmo-Plantar Keratoderma—Greither's syndrome
Authors: A. J. Rook
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article Progressive Palmo‐Plantar Keratoderma—Greither's syndrome Get access A. J. Rook, Dr. A. J. Rook, Dr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 5, 1 May 1967, Page 302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11496.x Published: 01 May 1967
A Prospective Study of Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylation as a Prognostic Biomarker in Surgically Resected Stage I to IIIA Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: Alexander Drilon, Hirofumi Sugita, Camelia S. Sima, Marjorie Zauderer, Charles M. Rudin, Mark G. Kris, Valerie W. Rusch, Christopher G. Azzoli
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Feeding the five thousand
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

They feed our minds too, of course. But for the moment it is the evening of national cuisine. In a marquee the size of an aircraft hangar savoury fumes from charcoal grills and giant frying pans swirl and mingle. At serving tables and around the grills, queues have formed and people are growing restive.

The meeting is a vast international one and the queuing reflects this. At some tables there are queues—of sorts—at both ends, plus a mob of determined don't knows assailing the middle. Nowhere has the British style—austere, linear, and strictly no touch—made much impact.

The chefs take delight in their art, not least the delight of slowly grilling fastidious portions of mouth watering …
Fulminant Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Authors: W T Conner
Journal: BMJ (1981)

the health of special "captive" subjects, such as soldiers, prisoners, university under- graduates, and the like, and to protect them from needless physical or mental discomfort.The scientific validation of one of the least intrusive forms of physical culture training is, I believe, a humane and highly ethical thing to have done, and is totally at variance with the tone of Dr Bradshaw's letter.Physical fitness in the accepted sense is not obtained