tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irreversible neurological defects in the lower extremities after haploidentical stem cell transplantation: Possible association with nelarabine
Authors: Manabu Kawakami, Kyoko Taniguchi, Satoshi Yoshihara, Shinichi Ishii, Katsuji Kaida, Kazuhiro Ikegame, Masaya Okada, Shohei Watanabe, Takuya Nishina, Hidefumi Hamada, Masashi Nakagawa, Hiroyasu Ogawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Severe peripheral neuropathy and myelopathy are rare complications after stem cell transplantation (SCT). In our institution, seven patients of precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma without the central nervous involvement who had been treated by nelarabine to control their diseases received SCT from HLA-haploidentical familial donor (HLA-haploidentical SCT) with the conditioning regimen including high-dose cytarabine (HDAC). Three of evaluable six patients developed irreversible paresthesia and muscle weakness in both lower extremities after neutrophil engraftment. The results of nerve conduction studies and short latency somatosensory evoked potentials suggested axonal neuropathy of both lower extremities in all three patients and myelopathy in two patients. Negative findings of PET-CT, and analyses of repeated cerebrospinal fluid samples and the bone marrow also indicated that tumor involvement was improbable. In all three patients, the symptoms worsened or persisted despite administration of corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin. The high frequency of the neurological symptoms in our patients previously treated by nelarabine strongly suggested the association of the nelarabine use. Furthermore, the HLA-haploidentical SCT setting and the use of a potentially neurotoxic agent, HDAC might augment the neurotoxicity of nelarabine. It may be desirable that HLA-haploidentical SCT candidates avoid receiving nelarabine.
The Physician as Communicator
Authors: Norman Cousins
Journal: JAMA (1982)

FOUR YEARS ago, I accepted an invitation to teach literature and philosophy to medical students and to study problems in patient-physician relationships from the standpoint of patients. I also wanted to pursue research in a field of deep interest to me, the biochemistry of the emotions. I thought I would have to brace myself for all the shocks that go with a new career, but I quickly discovered that physicians and writers have at least one thing in common: communication is an important part of their trade. In journalism, you live or die by your ability to use words. In health care, the words used by the physician have a profound effect on the well-being of the patient. Words used by the physician can be gate-openers or gate-slammers. They can open the way to recovery, or they can make a patient dependent, tremulous, fearful, or resistant. The right words can
Dislocation of the Cervical Spine Without Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Edwin G. Bovill
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Day: A 27-year-old man fell backward down a 40-foot cliff, but did not lose consciousness. His only complaints were of stiffness in the neck, pain in the interscapular area, and tingling in the fingers of the left hand in the distribution of the radial nerve, and in the lateral aspect of the left foot. Past history was noncontributory.  Physical examination revealed an oriented and alert male in some distress, with his head held rigidly in slightly flexed position and with a 4-inch laceration over the left frontal area. Vital signs were normal. Neurological examination demonstrated normal function except for hyperactive reflexes in the lower extremities. Tenderness was noted over the cervical and dorsal spine. X-ray examination revealed anterior dislocation of C-5 and C-6 with questionable compression fracture of the anterior border of the body of C-6, and avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C-5 (Fig 1).  He was
AGE AND SEX VARIATION IN SKIN SURFACE LIPID COMPOSITION AND SEBUM EXCRETION RATE
Authors: J. A. COTTERILL, W. J. CUNLIFFE, B. WILLIAMSON, L. BULUSU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article AGE AND SEX VARIATION IN SKIN SURFACE LIPID COMPOSITION AND SEBUM EXCRETION RATE Get access J. A. COTTERILL, J. A. COTTERILL Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, and Harrogate General Hospital and Medical Research Council, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary, Leeds (Mr Bulusu) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. J. CUNLIFFE, W. J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, and Harrogate General Hospital and Medical Research Council, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary, Leeds (Mr Bulusu) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. WILLIAMSON, B. WILLIAMSON Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, and Harrogate General Hospital and Medical Research Council, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary, Leeds (Mr Bulusu) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. BULUSU L. BULUSU Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary Leeds; St James's (University) Hospital, and Harrogate General Hospital and Medical Research Council, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary, Leeds (Mr Bulusu) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 4, 1 October 1972, Pages 333–340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb07419.x Published: 01 October 1972
Public health doctors call for a levy on sugar sweetened drinks
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Faculty of Public Health has voiced growing concern about the effect of sugar in the diet and renewed calls for a levy on sugar sweetened drinks.

Delegates at its annual conference raised the matter with public health minister Anna Soubry, who addressed them in Coventry on 3 July.

The faculty said that high sugar consumption needed to be dealt with, and an excise duty of 20 pence per litre would raise around £1bn (€1.16bn; $1.49bn) in taxation revenue that should be ring-fenced for policies to promote children’s health and wellbeing.

Soubry spoke to delegates about public health challenges, including how best to tackle obesity, …
The Press Embargo
Authors: Robert D. Reinecke
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I reading the editorial, "The Press Embargo: Friend or Foe?" my interest was captured by the note regarding the embargo break of Edward Kennedy in which he announced the end of World War II.<sup>1</sup>The pejorative editorial picture of Kennedy stood in stark contrast to the park I happened across during a run in Seaside, Calif. A relatively new, lovely landscaped park was being enjoyed by several groups of children and adults. A brass plaque noted that the park was dedicated to Ed Kennedy, who, by reporting the early news of the end of World War II, saved thousands of lives. I was moved by this momento to Kennedy and felt that it reflected the attitude of many people who honor and admire people who act in the public interest irrespective of potential personal penalties. Perhaps we need more "parks" in America and need to worry
GMC challenges court ruling on end of life decisions
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council went to the Court of Appeal in London this week to try to overturn a landmark high court ruling. The ruling had declared that parts of the council's guidance to doctors on withholding and withdrawing life prolonging treatment were unlawful.

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Leslie Burke fears that when he loses the power to communicate, doctors might decide not to provide artificial nutrition

Credit: ANDREW PARSONS/PA/EMPICS

Last July, Leslie Burke, who is 45 years old and has cerebral ataxia, won the ruling, which was hailed as a breakthrough for the rights of …

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SPEECH REHABILITATION AFTER TOTAL REMOVAL OF LARYNX
Authors: Nathaniel M. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The problems that confront the patient who has undergone a radical laryngeal resection are generally not too well known. To present a total picture of the person who has undergone radical laryngectomy and his problems is one of the aims of this paper. Further, it is our purpose to show that practically all patients, after a total laryngectomy, can acquire a natural form of speech<sup>1</sup>without the use of any artificial aid and that they can resume their former occupations and activities requiring the use of the voice. The number of patients with cancer of the larynx who have a total laryngectomy is increasing yearly.<sup>2</sup>They number in the thousands. Physicians in many communities in the United States and other countries now have to care for many more of these persons, whose medical needs are many, sometimes unique. The necessity for speech rehabilitation after the operation is now
Reconstruction of propagated electrical activity with a two-dimensional model of anisotropic heart muscle.
Authors: F A Roberge, A Vinet, B Victorri
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The propagated electrical activity in normal anisotropic cardiac muscle is characterized by directionally dependent variations in the rising phase of the action potential. An important question concerns the relation between such variations and the propagation velocity and extracellular potentials. This problem was studied here in a sheet of cells, under conditions of uniform intracellular anisotropic resistivity and constant electrical membrane properties, through a numerical solution of the two-dimensional propagation equation. The numerical solution implies a lumping of the cytoplasmic and intercellular resistances into an equivalent junctional resistance to form a distributed resistive network representing the intracellular domain. The interstitial space is assumed isotropic and unbounded, with a resistivity of 100 omega X cm. The electrical properties of the cell membrane are represented by a Beeler-Reuter model. The stimulus current is applied to a small area of the sheet, and attention is focussed on the stable propagated events occurring some 5 or 6 length constants away from the stimulation site. The numerical solution is a good approximation of a continuous uniform structure when the cell size is less than 10% of the length constant along both major axes. Conditions of non-uniform propagation, with directionally dependent variations in the maximum rate of rise and time constant of the foot of the action potential were simulated by increasing the cell size to 30% of the length constant in the transverse direction of the sheet. Our results indicate that the directional changes in the maximum rate of rise correspond to small modifications of the extracellular potentials, while the directional changes in time constant of the foot are associated with the propagation velocity. The maximum effects are observed along the transverse direction as follows: a 19% increase in maximum rate of rise corresponds to a decrease of about 6% in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the extracellular potential, and a 24% increase in time constant of the foot is associated with a decrease of about 7% in the propagation velocity. Under the conditions of the present study, however, the simulated directional changes in maximum rate of rise are smaller than those experimentally observed so the corresponding changes in the extracellular potentials are probably underestimated.
ABC of spinal cord injury. Occupational therapy.
Authors: J Henshaw, D Grundy, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The months after a severe spinal cord injury are invariably an extremely difficult period for the patient, as he or she gradually adjusts to what will probably be a lifetime of disability.The occupational therapist is particularly concerned in helping the patient reach the highest level of physical and psychological independence that his injury, home, and work environment will allow.The degree of involvement will largely depend on the neurological level of the spinal cord lesion, but the occupational therapist's skill is particularly important in managing the tetraplegic, in whom limited function in the arms can seriously hamper the common activities of daily living such as washing, dressing, and feeding.However, by the use of various aids and adaptions to the home and place of work some of these difficulties can be successfully overcome.The overbed computer and word processor can be used by patients with any level ofinjury. Splinting Home visit and home alterationsA simple tipping device enables a tetraplegic to use a kettle safely.
Abstract 1956: Folate coated platinum nanoparticles: An effective strategy for targeting cancer therapy
Authors: Evan Schneider, Manideep Chavali, Lourdes Collazo, Tatsiana Mironova, Miriam Rafailovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PURPOSE: Platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) are directly toxic to cancer, but also to normal cells. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate that Pt-NPs can selectively kill cancer cells by targeting their delivery through the folate receptor, the expression of which is greatly increased on cancer compared with normal cells. METHODS: Folate coated Pt-NPs were synthesized and used to treat normal (MC-3T3-E1) and malignant (ROS 17/2.8) bone cells in tissue culture. The Pt-NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis, which indicated that they had a diameter of 3.5 ± 0.6 nm and were negatively charged. The effects of dose titrated NP preparations and controls, including the addition of free folate, were examined by optical, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Cell counts were performed using a hemocytometer. RESULTS: Folate coated Pt-NPs were exquisitely toxic to both MC-3T3-E1 and ROS 17/2.8 cell lines causing 100% lethality in the initially tested concentration range (130 - 260 ug/mL). Dose dependent toxicity for both cell lines was evident at lower folate coated Pt-NP concentrations (2 - 22 ug/mL). At the lowest concentrations examined (&amp;lt;5.15 ug/mL), optical microscopy demonstrated selective delivery of the Pt-NPs to malignant ROS 17/2.8 cells as compared with normal MC-3T3-E1 cells. At these concentrations, selective toxicity to the ROS 17/2.8 cells was also demonstrated by confocal microscopic examination of actin elongation and cell alignment patterns as well as direct measures of cell survival. With prolonged exposure to folate coated Pt-NPs at 3.2 ug/mL, 98.5% of normal MC-3T3-E1 cells survived compared with just 32.8% survival of malignant ROS 17/2.8 cells (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Consistent with the postulated mechanism of folate coated Pt-NP cell entry via the folate receptor, all toxic effects of folate coated Pt-NPs (at 3.2 ug/mL) were completely eliminated by the addition of high doses (10x normal) of free folate, postulated to saturate folate receptor binding sites. CONCLUSION: Folate coated Pt-NPs can be used to directly and selectively kill cancer cells by targeting their delivery through the folate receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that targeting a functionally over-expressed cancer cell receptor with its natural ligand linked to toxic NPs can impart selective cancer cytotoxicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1956. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1956
Oxidative response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B Dularay, J S Badesha, P A Dieppe, C J Elson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Only a minority (7/35, 20%) of synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and none from patients with other arthritides stimulated the oxidative response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Superoxide anion generation was measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. The same synovial fluids stimulated superoxide release by PMNs regardless of their source, though they elicited a greater response from RA synovial fluid PMNs than from either RA blood PMNs or blood PMNs from normal subjects. The remaining synovial fluids failed to stimulate any of the PMNs, though some (2/10) stimulated PMNs pretreated with cytochalasin B. The stimulatory activity was removed from RA synovial fluids by protein A-Sepharose and eluted with the void volume on gel chromatography. It is considered that immunoglobulin aggregates in some RA synovial fluids may stimulate the oxidative response of PMNs in the joint space but that most do not because these fluids contain either a specific inhibitor or immunoglobulin aggregates of an inappropriate type, or both.
Is there empirical evidence for the dynamic nature of communication systems?: The role of synchronization and inferential communication
Authors: Karl Grammer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Communication is a multichannel, multiunit process that works on different levels. It is sequential with specific information carriers on a cognitive accessible level, and dynamic for the regulation of relationships at the same time. One function of communication is the broadcasting of internal states that can be assessed by inferential communication.
STUDIES ON HOST FACTORS IN PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS
Authors: Kenneth Goodner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The power of specific antipneumococcus serum to protect rabbits against infection with Type I Pneumococcus has been studied with reference to the capacity of the animal to utilize the specific antibodies. Under conditions ensuring relatively controlled genetic factors it was found that heavier animals and those with high white blood cell counts are much better able to utilize the passively conferred immune principles. The interrelationships of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors responsible for immunity have been discussed.
Active transport of 3-O-methyl-glucose by the small intestine in chronically catheterized rats.
Authors: M R Uhing, R E Kimura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

A method is described for determining the fraction of intestinal 3-O-methyl-glucose (3OMG) absorption that occurs by active transport in chronically catheterized rats without the influence of anesthesia or surgical bowel manipulation. That fraction was determined by simultaneously measuring portal venous-aortic blood concentration gradients (delta C) of 3-O-methyl-glucose (3OMG) and L-glucose, metabolically inert analogues of D-glucose. 3OMG is actively and passively absorbed by the same mechanisms as D-glucose, L-glucose is only passively absorbed. The fraction of 3OMG that is actively transported was calculated from the difference between 3OMG and L-glucose absorption, divided by total 3OMG absorption. We found that more than 94% of 3-O-methyl-glucose is absorbed by active transport when luminal concentrations range from 50 to 400 mM. We conclude that in unrestrained, unanesthetized chronically catheterized rats, most 3OMG is actively absorbed by the intestine even at high luminal concentrations.
The reification of numbers: statistics and the distance between self, work, and others
Authors: R. Iedema
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To investigate the pathophysiological effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) on lupus nephritis in MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> mice. <h3>Methods.</h3> We generated IL-6-deficient MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> mice using a backcross/intercross breeding scheme. Renal pathology was evaluated using immunohistochemistry detection for macrophages, lymphocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) for apoptotic cells, and renal IgG and C3 deposition by immunofluorescence staining. Expression of inflammatory markers in the spleen was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokine concentrations were detected by FACS analysis. <h3>Results.</h3> IL-6 deficiency was highly effective in prolonging survival and ameliorating the clinical, immunological, and histological indicators of murine systemic lupus erythematosus. During the study period of 6 months, MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> IL-6 −/− mice showed delayed onset of proteinuria and hematuria compared to IL-6-intact control mice. Survival rate was 100% in IL-6-deficient MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> mice and 25% in the control group at 6 months of age. The absence of IL-6 resulted in significant reduction of infiltrating macrophages in the kidney (p &lt; 0.05), a decrease in renal IgG and C3 deposition, and a reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The parenchymal adhesion molecule VCAM-1 was found to be downregulated in kidneys of MRL-<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> IL-6 −/− compared to IL-6-intact mice. We found elevated serum levels of IL-10 and interferon-γ in IL-6-deficient mice, while splenic mRNA showed an overall downregulation of immunoregulatory genes. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> IL-6 is a strong promoter of lupus nephritis and may be a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of human lupus nephritis.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Seropositivity and Coronary Heart Disease Incidence
Authors: Aaron R. Folsom, F. Javier Nieto, Paul Sorlie, Lloyd E. Chambless, David Y. Graham
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Several epidemiological and clinical reports have suggested seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, there has been no prospective study of this association involving an ethnically diverse sample of middle-aged men and women.Using a prospective, case-cohort design, we determined H pylori seropositivity in relation to coronary heart disease incidence over a median follow-up period of 3.3 years among middle-aged men and women. There were 217 incident coronary heart disease cases and a cohort sample of 498. We determined H pylori antibody status by measuring IgG antibody to the high-molecular-weight cell-associated proteins of H pylori using a sensitive and specific ELISA. The prevalence of H pylori seropositivity was higher in blacks than whites, in those with less than high school education, in those with lower plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and higher homocyst(e)ine concentrations, in those who did not use vitamin supplements, in those with higher fibrinogen levels, and in those seropositive for cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex type I (all P<0.05). The age-, sex-, race-, and field center-adjusted hazard ratio of coronary heart disease for H pylori seropositivity was 1.03 (95% CI=0.68 to 1.57). After adjustment for other risk factors, including fibrinogen, cytomegalovirus seropositivity, and herpes simplex type I seropositivity, the hazard ratio was 0.85 (95% CI=0.43 to 1.69). H pylori seropositivity also was not associated with increased mean intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis.H pylori infection is probably not an important contributor to clinical coronary heart disease events.
Niagara Falls Suicides
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Of several famous venues for completing suicide, the most famous is probably the Golden Gate Bridge. 1 A less well-known site (now undocumented) is Niagara Falls.  Systematic records of suicides and suicide attempts have been kept by the Niagara Frontier State Parkway Police in Niagara Falls, NY, for some years. The records were examined for the period 1958 to 1967. In this period an average of 5.7 attempts took place each year (range, 0 to 13) and an average of 7.1 successful suicides (range, three to ten). Of the 71 suicides completed bodies were recovered for all but 15. These 15 cases in which no body was recovered were mainly of persons observed going over the falls, or for whom evidence pointed to a possible death from having gone over. It is conceivable that some of these 15 were faked suicides, as some at the Golden Gate