tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic Host Factors: Determinants of Drug Response
Authors: Elliot S. Vesell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Host factors that cause large differences in rates of drug metabolism include genetic constitution, age, and dietary habits; hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine function; and exposure to other drugs and chemicals, such as oral contraceptive agents, ethanol, and cigarette smoke.1 2 3 4 5 Investigation of host factors has become a separate field of inquiry, which has developed its own research tools, including the use of "model drugs" such as antipyrine.5 In certain patients, a single host factor may determine a particular drug response, whereas in others several host factors dynamically interact to influence the therapeutic outcome and dosage requirements, which change as contributing . . .
Tetrameric HLA class I–minor histocompatibility antigen peptide complexes demonstrate minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Tuna Mutis, Geraldine Gillespie, Ellen Schrama, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg, Paul Moss, Els Goulmy
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Interleukin 1 induces endothelial cell synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Authors: R L Nachman, K A Hajjar, R L Silverstein, C A Dinarello
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human endothelial cells activated with IL-1 express a surface membrane-oriented procoagulant generating system characterized by increased tissue factor synthesis and decreased thrombomodulin activity. We now report that IL-1 also stimulates endothelial cell synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor. This array of IL-1-induced activities shifts the balance at the endothelial cell surface to a prothrombotic influence and may reflect an early response of the blood vessel wall to injury.
1037-146 Velocity data of Doppler myocardial imaging as a predictor of functional recovery after successful revascularization
Authors: Hyun Suk Yang, Jae-Kwan Song, Jong-Min Song, Duk-Hyun Kang, Cheol Whan Lee, Myeong-Ki Hong, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Minimally Symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Malcolm Kohler, Sonya Craig, Debby Nicoll, Paul Leeson, Robert J. O. Davies, John R. Stradling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and hypertension. It is not known whether minimally symptomatic OSA is also associated with impaired vascular function.To determine whether minimally symptomatic OSA is associated with impaired vascular function.In 64 patients (7 females) with minimally symptomatic OSA (oxygen desaturation index, 23.1 [SD, 15.6]; Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, 8 [SD, 3.8]), and 15 matched control subjects without OSA, endothelial function was assessed by ultrasonographic measurement of flow-mediated dilatation, and by applanation tonometry-derived pulse wave analysis (forearm ischemia and salbutamol-induced changes in augmentation index, AI(x)). Arterial stiffness was assessed by AI(x) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was measured over 1 week.In patients with OSA, flow-mediated dilatation was significantly lower than in control subjects (5.0% [SD, 2.7%] and 7.5% [SD, 3.3%], respectively; P = 0.003). AI(x) was significantly higher in the OSA group compared with the control group (26.0% [interquartile range (IQR), 19.0-29.5%] and 21.0% [IQR, 8.0-27.0%], respectively; P = 0.04). Change in AI(x) after both forearm ischemia and salbutamol was significantly smaller in patients with OSA (-2.0% [IQR, -5.0 to +4.0%] and -3.0% [IQR, -7.0 to 0.0%], respectively), than in control subjects (-6.0% [IQR, -8.0 to -5.0%] and -7.0% [IQR, -10.0 to -3.0%]; P = 0.005 and P = 0.04, respectively). ABP was similar (97.6 mm Hg [SD, 7.9 mm Hg] and 94.8 mm Hg [SD, 7.4 mm Hg], OSA and control groups, respectively; P = 0.21).In patients with minimally symptomatic OSA, diverse properties of endothelial function are impaired and arterial stiffness is increased. Although this was not associated with a significantly increased ABP, the findings suggest that patients with minimally symptomatic OSA are at increased cardiovascular risk.
SPECT/CT in Localization of Parathyroid Adenoma or Hyperplasia in Patients With Previous Neck Surgery
Authors: Dimitri Papathanassiou, Jean-Bernard Flament, Jean-Marie Pochart, Martine Patey, Hélène Marty, Jean-Claude Liehn, Claire Schvartz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Purpose: Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) now makes it possible to use combined morphologic CT and functional scintigraphy information. It has proved useful for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands, especially in the case of an ectopic gland. We experienced that it was also beneficial for patients with a history of previous neck surgery, and we report 4 cases in this entity. Materials and Methods: Four patients with prior neck surgery and hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroid Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy with SPECT/CT. Two patients had undergone surgery for hyperparathyroidism and 2 had undergone thyroidectomy, 1 for thyroid cancer and 1 for multinodular goiter. Parathyroid hormone levels were assessed during surgery, and patients were followed several months after treatment. Results: SPECT/CT successfully localized the abnormal gland, including an uncommon anterior situation for which previous surgery guided by planar imagery failed to cure the hyperparathyroidism. It allowed efficient surgical treatment, as confirmed by parathyroid hormone level normalization, without complications and with a relatively short operation time in those challenging cases. Conclusions: SPECT/CT seems to be a useful tool for presurgical assessment in hyperparathyroidism, not only for ectopic glands but also for patients with previous neck surgery.
Laparoscopic Cytology - An Evaluation
Authors: X. Cussó, A. Marti-Vicente, J. Monés-Xiol, F. Vilardell
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Cytological sampling by abrasion and/or aspiration was done in a consecutive series of 927 patients at the time of laparoscopy. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in 312 out of 335 cases of primary or secondary liver cancer (93.1%). Biopsy was positive in 262 out of 303 patients (86.4%). The combined use of cytology and biopsy provided a positive diagnostic accuracy of 97.6%). The cytological report was positive in 215 out of 239 (89.9%) proven extrahepatic malignancies (gallbladder, gynecological, peritoneal). Biopsy was positive in 180 out of 199 cases (90.4%). The combined use of cytology and biopsy provided an accuracy of 95.8%). There was only one false positive diagnosis of malignancy. The sensitivity of laparoscopic cytology was 93.1% and its specificity 100% in liver disease. Sensitivity was 90.3% and specificity 99.4% in other types of abdominal cancer. In these series, cytological examination added 15.6% positive results (liver) and 11.7% (other lesions) to those of biopsy, which was not performed in 89 patients in whom it was considered too risky or technically too difficult.
Effects of Age on the Carotid Pulse in Two Greek Populations
Authors: A. S. DONTAS, A. KEYS, L. ANTHOPOULOS, N. SCHULZ
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Right carotid pulses were recorded from 795 men in Crete in 1960 and 593 men in Corfu in 1961, representing 95% and 86% of the males, aged 25 to 74 years, in selected areas of the two islands, both areas having remarkably low prevalence of atherosclerotic disease. Five years later carotid pulses were recorded from 677 (from Crete) and 410 (from Corfu) of the same subjects. Peak times became longer with age, reaching stable values in Corfu men in their thirties and in Crete men in their forties. Beyond this age, medians of peak times were 0.22 sec, and medians of relative peak times 24% in both areas. The relative height of the anacrotic break decreased linearly from a median value of 80 to 85% to 50 to 55% between the ages of 25 and 60 years in both areas. In general, the observed median 5-year (1960-1961 vs. 1965-1966) changes in pulse contours were similar to the differentiated groups at an earlier age than did the anacrotic break but the latter continued to be of differential value to a later age. Elevated blood pressure had an effect on the carotid pulse similar to that of aging but less intense. However, the rate of change with aging was slower in Crete, an area with relatively higher prevalence of hypertensive disease, than in Corfu, an area with a higher incidence of coronary heart disease.
Role of Hyperkalemia in the Metabolic Acidosis of Isolated Hypoaldosteronism
Authors: Pedro Szylman, Ori S. Better, Cidio Chaimowitz, Ariel Rosler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We studied the relative importance of hyperkalemia and mineralocorticoid deficiency in the metabolic acidosis of a patient with proved isolated hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and moderate kidney failure. The hyperkalemia and acidosis were severe in relation to the slight azotemia. Despite the systemic acidosis and urinary pH of 4.9, urinary ammonium excretion was distinctly blunted. Correction of the hyperkalemia by potassium-sodium exchange resin alone resolved the acidosis and restored the previously diminished urinary ammonium excretion to normal. Administration of mineralocorticoids only partially corrected the hyperkalemia and the acidosis. Hyperkalemia by itself, rather than hypoaldosteronism per se, caused the acidosis in this patient. Hyperkalemia apparently suppresses urinary ammonium excretion and thus interferes with urinary acidification.
Deterioration in Renal Function after Beta-blockade in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Hypertension
Authors: D. J. Warren, C. P. Swainson, N. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Treatment of hypertension with beta-blocking agents in three patients with moderately severe chronic renal failure was followed by rapid deterioration of renal function. In two of the patients the need for maintenance haemodialysis was accelerated but renal function in the third reverted to pretreatment levels after the drug was stopped. These findings suggest that until more is known about the effects of beta-blocking drugs they should not be given to patients with moderately severe renal failure.
Management of acute stroke in the elderly: follow-up of a controlled trial.
Authors: W M Garraway, A J Akhtar, L Hockey, R J Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Follow-up of a controlled trial of the management of acute stroke in the elderly showed that the improvement in functional outcome at the time of discharge from hospital that had been achieved through establishing a stroke unit had disappeared by one year. Factors that might have contributed to this included overprotection by the families of patients who had been treated in the stroke unit, who were not permitted to carry out activities of daily living in which they were independent, and the early discharge from medical units of patients whose full rehabilitation potential had not been realised. Prolonging the benefits of short-term gains in functional outcome through the intervention of a stroke unit requires that all the links in the chain of stroke rehabilitation are maintained, including the proper orientation of patients9 families before discharge from hospital.
Urinary incontinence in children.
Authors: E S Glen
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Also it should be borne in mind that, particularly in the larger series, a decrease in infection rate will be due in part to the fact that the problem is being investigated (the "Hawthorn effect"), resulting inevitably in greater awareness and therefore greater care among all grades of staff involved.In our work with shunting devices for hydrocephalus we have found that "late" infections are invariably missed "early" infections.'This was confirmed only because the patients were seen frequently after operation and serum antibody titres and C-reactive protein levels were estimated routinely, even when they were clinically fit.Obviously true late infections may occur after total hip replacement and there is good evidence to support the view that such a diagnosis may be quite valid." However, we would suggest that frequent follow-up coupled with routine serological testing would clarify whether these are true late infections or missed early infections.
Lessons From McCune-Albright Syndrome–Associated Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Alina Parvanescu, Jérôme Cros, Maxime Ronot, Olivia Hentic, Virginie Grybek, Anne Couvelard, Philippe Levy, Philippe Chanson, Philippe Ruszniewski, Alain Sauvanet, Sebastien Gaujoux
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<i>GNAS</i>-activating mutations are reported in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and in McCune-Albright syndrome, characterized by fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, and café au lait spots. Recently, IPMNs have been described as a McCune-Albright syndrome–associated tumor, present in about 15% of patients. The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and McCune-Albright syndrome among patients operated on for presumptive sporadic IPMNs. All patients operated on for IPMNs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012, with available imaging were retrospectively screened for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia based on their preoperative abdominal or thoracoabdominal spiral computed tomography images. Systematic screening of 272 patients operated on for IPMNs revealed 1 patient with axial and peripheral polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and café au lait spots on clinical examination suggestive of McCune-Albright syndrome. This patient had been operated on for an unusually large invasive colloid adenocarcinoma (pT3N0M0 R0) derived from an intestinal subtype<i>GNAS</i>-mutated IPMN. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine for 6 months and was alive without recurrence 6 years later. Besides providing additional evidence of a syndromic IPMN as a feature of McCune-Albright syndrome, this observation is further evidence of the functional oncogenic consequences of<i>GNAS</i>mutations in the pancreas.
Cardiologist's Soliloquy
Authors: Julius Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Now that Polonius and Hamlet have been cast as doctors ("Polonius' Counsel to Authors,"<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:947 [March 21] 1964; and "Hamlet's Advice to Speakers,"<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:1017 [June 15] 1964), why not introduce Shakespeare to specialization? Hamlet himself could become a practicing cardiologist who expresses his uncertainty in this fashion: To anticoagulate or not to anticoagulate: that is the question: Whether it is easier on the mind to worry about tourniquets and the reports of laboratories, or take arms against the weight of authority, and by opposing refuse to go along? To shorten the heartache, to avoid the shock that flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation devoutly to be wish'd. But what to do needs must give us pause. To thin the blood: to prolong the times: then maybe to bleed! perchance to flow! Or avoid the daily dose and lose the name of action
Idoxuridine and motor neurone disease.
Authors: L A Liversedge, W R Swinburn, G M Yuill
Journal: BMJ (1970)

matter, and perfume.'It has been found that both the quaternary ammonium compounds and the amido-amines give positive results with tests for proteinuria using tetrabromo- phenolphthalein and tetrabromophenol blue (Albustix).Since our health visitors have advised the mothers to place the filter- paper in nappies not treated with fabric softeners the incidence of false positive tests has markedly fallen.
Atovaquone and Azithromycin for the Treatment of Babesiosis
Authors: Peter J. Krause, Timothy Lepore, Vijay K. Sikand, Joseph Gadbaw, Georgine Burke, Sam R. Telford, Peter Brassard, Diane Pearl, Jaber Azlanzadeh, Diane Christianson, Debra McGrath, Andrew Spielman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Babesiosis is a tick-borne, malaria-like illness known to be enzootic in southern New England. A course of clindamycin and quinine is the standard treatment, but this regimen frequently causes adverse reactions and occasionally fails. A promising alternative treatment is atovaquone plus azithromycin.
ASB2 targets filamins A and B to proteasomal degradation
Authors: Mélina L. Heuzé, Isabelle Lamsoul, Massimiliano Baldassarre, Yatish Lad, Sophie Lévêque, Ziba Razinia, Christel Moog-Lutz, David A. Calderwood, Pierre G. Lutz
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract LB-154: Generation of antagonistic anti-DDR1 monoclonal antibodies as a potential novel cancer therapeutic
Authors: H. Toni Jun, Brandon Hynes, John L. Macomber, Andrew Lassen, Larry Altobell, Josh MacLaren, David King, Robert A. Horlick
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a nonintegrin tyrosine kinase receptor for collagen implicated in diverse cellular roles, including cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Multiple tumor types have been shown to overexpress DDR1, including lung, esophageal, breast, ovarian, and pediatric brain cancers, suggesting a potential role for DDR1 in tumor progression. Inhibition of DDR1 signaling may therefore represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating these cancers. Potential therapeutic molecules that modulate human DDR1 activity were identified by screening the AnaptysBio Evolvable Library (ABEL) of fully human germline antibodies. The initial ABEL screen used the soluble DDR-1 extra cellular domain, followed by secondary screening on cell-surface DDR-1. The resulting panel of human antibodies was affinity matured using SHM-XELTM which uses mammalian cell display of human IgG followed by in vitro somatic hypermutation (SHM) as described for a number of other antibodies (Bowers et al., 2014, Methods 65, 44-56). The matured antibodies bound specifically to DDR1 with high affinity (KD&amp;lt;1nM as measured by Biacore), and were able to functionally inhibit collagen triggered DDR1 signaling in multiple cell-based assays. The antibody panel shows selectivity for DDR1 over closely related molecules such as DDR2 and has other properties suitable for preclinical development, including cross-reactivity with the cynomolgus monkey DDR-1 ortholog and good biophysical properties. These antibodies are being further explored for their therapeutic efficacy in tumor types where DDR1 signaling plays a role in disease progression. Citation Format: H. Toni Jun, Brandon Hynes, John L. Macomber, Andrew Lassen, Larry Altobell, Josh MacLaren, David King, Robert A. Horlick. Generation of antagonistic anti-DDR1 monoclonal antibodies as a potential novel cancer therapeutic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-154. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-154
Multiple Gastric Tumors - Crohn's Disease
Authors: W. Fischbach, W. Koch, W. Ormanns
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A case of multiple, histologically in part differing gastric tumors and granulomatous inflammation in the upper gastrointestinal tract and terminal ileum in the same patient is presented. The differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation and a possible association between Crohn's disease and carcinoma is discussed.
The Impact of a Total Ban on Smoking in The Johns Hopkins Children's Center
Authors: Diane M. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We report the results of a ban on smoking in The Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Md, beginning in July 1987. A survey 6 months before and 6 months after implementation of the ban showed current smoking prevalences to be 15% and 13.8%, respectively. The percentage of smokers who smoked at work declined from 82% before the ban to 43% after the ban. After the ban, 66% of smokers and 93% of nonsmokers agreed that a hospital should be smoke free, while 43% and 83%, respectively, agreed with this statement before the ban. Systematic observations showed a decline from 53% of visitors and staff smoking in public areas 1 month before the ban to 0% smoking 6 months after the ban. Twenty-four—hour cigarette butt counts in elevator lobbies located well within the center dropped from 940 for an average day to 19 for an average day 6 months after the ban. Finally, measurement of environmental nicotine vapor showed a decline from a weekly average concentration of 13 μg/m<sup>3</sup>of nicotine 1 month prior to the ban to 0.51 μg/m<sup>3</sup>of nicotine 6 months after the ban in nine lobby lounges. The results suggest that a total ban on smoking in a hospital is feasible and effective in virtually eliminating public smoking. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:799-802)
Ministers veto equal access to health care for children of non-Israeli citizens
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A bill that would have entitled children who live in Israel but lack citizenship to access health services in the same way as their Israeli peers has been voted down by the ministerial committee on legislation.

The finance ministry opposed it on the grounds that it would “encourage illegal immigration” to the country, and the health ministry said that existing arrangements met the health needs of all children residing in Israel who are not citizens.

The bill was tabled by Physicians for Human Rights-Israel as an amendment to the National Health Insurance Law of 1994 and presented by the left wing member …
Prostitution and risk of HIV: female prostitutes in London.
Authors: H Ward, S Day, J Mezzone, L Dunlop, C Donegan, S Farrar, L Whitaker, J R Harris, D L Miller
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To measure the prevalence of HIV and to describe established risk factors in female prostitutes. DESIGN--A cross sectional survey. SETTING--A genitourinary medicine clinic, streets, and magistrates9 courts in London. SUBJECTS--280 female prostitutes recruited between April 1989 and August 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Infection with HIV-1, reported risk behaviours, and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. RESULTS--228 of the women had HIV tests, and two (0.9% (95% confidence interval 0% to 2.1%)) were infected with HIV-1. Reported use of condoms was high for commercial clients and low for non-paying partners: 98% (251/255) of women used condoms with all clients and 12% (25/207) with non-paying partners for vaginal intercourse. Twenty two women were current or past injecting drug users. Of the 193 women examined for sexually transmitted infections, 27 had an acute infection (gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomonas, or primary genital herpes) at the time of interview. Infection was associated with younger age and increasing numbers of non-paying sexual partners, but not with duration of prostitution, numbers of clients, or reports of condom failures. When age and numbers of non-paying partners were analysed by logistic regression they remained significantly associated with sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSIONS--A large and diverse sample of prostitutes had a low prevalence of infection with HIV and high levels of use of condoms in commercial sex. There was a significant risk of other sexually transmitted infections associated with prostitutes9 non-commercial sexual relationships, in which unprotected sex is common. Interventions to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections in prostitutes should address both commercial and non-commercial sexual partnerships.
Patient challenges trust's right to deprive her of NHS treatment for buying drugs privately
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A test case to decide whether patients can lawfully be deprived of NHS treatment if they opt to pay privately for drugs that their local NHS trust is unwilling to fund is headed for the High Court in London.

Sue Bentley, 67, from Monmouthshire, who has lung cancer, is challenging the decision by Velindre NHS Trust in Wales to charge her for two other drugs that are normally free to health service patients because she has opted to pay privately for …