tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methyl Phenidate in Parkinsonism
Authors: A. M. Halliday, P. W. Nathan
Journal: BMJ (1961)

BIUTISHED IC JO NA However, it is clear that this drug, in the dosage given, has no significant influence upon tremor.It is also apparent, from an analysis of the subjective impressions of patients who were receiving the remedy, that almost as many patients were improved by the dummy as were improved by chlorphenoxamine.Hence if we base our assessment of the value of chlorphenoxamine in Parkinsonism upon the subjective impressions of the patients and upon our attempts to assess muscular rigidity objectively, our results do not indicate that, in the dosage we employed, this drug is of any real value if added to the previous treatment which the patient was receiving.However, the objective evidence of the " hand test " did indicate that the patients' ability to open and close one hand rapidly was significantly improved by the administration of this drug.In our experience, too, this remedy is remarkably free from side-effects.On the basis of the hand test alone, therefore, it seems that there is some justification for suggesting that chlor- phenoxamine is worthy of trial in cases of Parkinsonism if given along with other more powerful remedies.However, it is clearly not a powerful or highly effective remedy, and the results of our trial would justify equally the conclusion that, in the absence of any subjective improvement in the patients receiving treatment or of any measurable effect upon rigidity, the drug is of no therapeutic value.Summary A controlled trial of chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride in the treatment of Parkinsonism, using the double-blind technique, is described.Twenty-one patients began the trial and 17 completed the full course of treatment.Subjectively seven of these 17 patients improved more with chlorphenoxamine than with the dummy remedy, six improved more with the dummy, and four were unable to differentiate between the two treatments.Objective clinical assessment failed to reveal any significant effect of chlorphenoxamine upon rigidity and tremor, but this drug did produce a significant improvement in the ability to open and close the hands rapidly.No significant side-effects were observed in this series of cases.We thank Dr. H. G. Miller for permission to include in this trial several patients who were under his care, and Mrs. Doris Weightman for assistance with the computations.We are also grateful to
Islet-Cell Adenoma as a Cause of Juvenile Hyperinsulinism in a Four-Year-Old Boy
Authors: David H. Watkins
Journal: JAMA (1963)

HYPOGLYCEMIC CRISES with prominent neuropsychiatric manifestations, terminated by administration of glucose, usually suggest in the adult a pancreatic origin of the symptoms—the Whipple triad. However, in the young child, the same syndrome ordinarily suggests a different cause, since functioning pancreatic islet-cell adenomas are very uncommon in the pediatric age group.<sup>1-3</sup> This, the 28th reported case of a functioning islet-cell adenoma in childhood, is presented for three reasons: the rarity of functioning islet-cell adenomas in childhood; the occasional difficulty in establishing a diagnosis in childhood; and to emphasize the constant risk of death from hypoglycemic coma and development of irreversible hypoglycemic encephalopathy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 4-year-old boy was admitted to the Denver General Hospital on Feb 20, 1961, with the chief complaint of convulsions. He had had his first convulsion on Dec 17, 1960, in the morning, immediately after awakening. This generalized convulsion lasted 2 to 3 min
In praise of disagreeable news
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As I write this 200th Letter from Chicago/Soundings I find the business no easier than it was 20 years ago. Like the archbishop who was successful in this world but unsure about the next, I am constantly assailed by doubts. Is the writing too plain, too pretentious, too long, too smarty, or just plain boring? Am I writing too much about bad deeds and not enough about good ones?

Of course it should be the other way round. But then don't the newspapers also thrive mostly by reporting disasters and foul deeds? A boy scout taking a blind woman across the street is hardly news, unless perhaps she did not want to …
Comparison of acute and chronic impact of adaptive servo‐ventilation on left chamber geometry and function in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Nobuhiko Haruki, Masaaki Takeuchi, Kyoko Kaku, Hidetoshi Yoshitani, Hiroshi Kuwaki, Masahito Tamura, Haruhiko Abe, Masahiro Okazaki, Akizumi Tsutsumi, Yutaka Otsuji
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis B after HBsAg clearance
Authors: Andrew Mason, Boris Yoffe, Christine Noonan, Mary Mearns, Carolyn Campbell, Amanda Kelley, Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

In this study, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B and spontaneous or therapy-induced disappearance of HBsAg were examined for HBV DNA. Samples were evaluated by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction both before and after clearance of HBsAg. By in situ hybridization, positive signals were observed in 2 of 13 samples collected after HBsAg loss, in 8 of 15 samples before HBsAg loss and in 0 of 4 control patients without serological markers of active or prior HBV infection. When polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed, HBV DNA was detected in 5 of 12 HBsAg-negative samples and 10 of 15 HBsAg-positive samples from the study group. Testing of mononuclear cells after disappearance of HBsAg revealed that two of eight patients were HBV DNA positive by in situ hybridization and by polymerase chain reaction, whereas two additional patients were positive by polymerase chain reaction alone. Mononuclear cell-associated HBV DNA was detected between 2 and 9 mo after the disappearance of circulating HBsAg by in situ hybridization and as long as 4 yr later by polymerase chain reaction. These data indicate that patients who have undergone HBsAg seroconversion may nonetheless harbor HBV DNA in their peripheral-blood mononuclear cells for prolonged periods.
LAWS CONCERNING TEACHING HYGIENE.
Authors: HELEN C. PUTNAM
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It has recently been my work in another medical society to compile and analyze our present laws relating to the teaching of hygiene, 45 state and 1 federal, all more or less elaborated. This time-consuming task was undertaken with ideas that I have been compelled to alter radically in the progress of the study. My anticipations were based on certain general—somewhat pessimistic—statements in lay, scientific and medical current literature; but the exact details now reported should be known to all physicians interested in preventive medicine. It is not my intention to discuss this legislation further than to give the facts as they stand in the present laws. The laws existing in 1903 (none have been altered since then) are published in the<i>Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine</i>, April, 1904, as a preliminary report of the committee to investigate the teaching of hygiene in public schools. The details of
Clinical medical officers in a child health service.
Authors: P Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1979)

SIR,-Perhaps I am unwise to enter the debate on clinical medical officers and their future contribution to child health services (27 January, p 242).Specialists in community medicine (child health) like myself may be too close to the scene of action to be objective.Also we are probably thought to have vested interests in the status quo.Approaching retirement encourages an independence which others may find difficult.Sometimes one even hopes that what has been learnt by hard experience may have some continuing influ- ence after one's departure.
Genomes of the malaria mosquito and parasite are sequenced
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Celebration greeted last week's announcements by international teams of scientists that they have sequenced the genomes of the principal malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , and the mosquito that carries it.

But the consensus emerging among researchers as they digest the findings is that the greatest barrier to overcoming malaria, the killer of more than a million children a year, is not a lack of knowledge but a severe lack of funding to develop new candidate vaccines and drugs.

“My guess is that in 10 years' time this probably will be seen as a very important event,” said Professor Brian Greenwood, a malaria expert at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. But although better knowledge of the parasite's proteins will enable immunologists to identify more candidate molecules for vaccines, this will not in itself bring vaccines to market more quickly, he warned. “It is …
The cause of the Chinese sofa/chair dermatitis epidemic is likely to be contact allergy to dimethylfumarate, a novel potent contact sensitizer
Authors: T. Rantanen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article The cause of the Chinese sofa/chair dermatitis epidemic is likely to be contact allergy to dimethylfumarate, a novel potent contact sensitizer Get access T. Rantanen T. Rantanen Dermatology and Allergology, Central Hospital, Päijät‐Häme Social and Health Care Group, FI‐15850 Lahti, Finland Correspondence: Tapio Rantanen. E‐mail:tapio.rantanen@phsotey.fi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 1, 1 July 2008, Pages 218–221, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08622.x Published: 01 July 2008
Abstract PR14: Germline submicroscopic chromosome imbalances in pediatric cancer
Authors: Leonardo Cappeli, Ana C.V. Krepischi, Benjamin Heck, Amanda Gonçalves, Ricardo R. Brentani, Cecilia M.L. Costa, Beatriz de Camargo, Carla Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The development of cancer is a multi-step process and, therefore, the probability of cancer occurrence increases with age. Pediatric cancer then either involves a succession of infrequent events occurring in a short period of time, which supposedly only happens rarely, or alternatively, some of the steps required for cancer development are already present in the individuals' germlines. Support for the presence of genomic alterations in the germline of these patients is given by the association of pediatric cancer with congenital abnormalities, observed both as the frequent presence of congenital abnormalities among these patients and as an increase of cancer among children with congenital abnormalities. We investigated DNA copy number variations (CNVs) in a cohort of 55 pediatric cancer patients attending the AC Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. In particular, we focused on those alterations not commonly found in the general population (rare CNVs). No selection criteria were used other than age at diagnosis &amp;lt; 20 years and the families agreeing to participate in the study. In addition to CNV profiling by array-CGH (180K – Agilent Technologies), the patients were also physically examined by a clinical geneticist. Eighteen copy number alterations were detected in 16 patients; these rare CNVs included complex rearrangements and triplications, not often observed among common variants. The size of the alterations ranged from 58 to 2,600 Kb, with an average of 438 Kb, which is over twice the average length of rare copy number variations identified with the same array-CGH platform in a sample of 100 reference individuals studied in our laboratory. Many of the sixty-four genes mapping within the chromosome imbalances detected in patients represent good candidates for cancer manifestation and/or congenital abnormalities. Our results suggest that constitutive submicroscopic chromosome imbalances are a contributor to the etiology of pediatric cancer, that the combined presence of pediatric cancer and congenital abnormalities is strongly suggestive of constitutive chromosome imbalances being present, and that further CNV studies will lead finally to identification of genes involved in predisposition to pediatric cancer. Funding: FAPESP; CNPq This abstract is also presented as Poster B7. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr PR14.
Preventing Adverse Events
Authors: Michael D. Cantor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Preventing Adverse EventsMichael D. CantorMichael D. CantorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Petersen and associates [1] conclude that cross-coverage increases the risk for adverse events; therefore, efforts to improve housestaff working hours, which require increased cross-coverage, will lead to more adverse events. The problem with this reasoning is that their study does not adequately prove either that cross-coverage increases errors or that reform of resident work hours will worsen the error rate.To prove that errors increase with improved resident work hours, the authors should have compared adverse events in patients on a medical service in a hospital without cross-coverage with patients in a hospital with cross-coverage and better-rested ...REFERENCE1. Petersen LA, Brennan TA, O'Neil AC, Cook EF, Lee TH. Does housestaff discontinuity of care increase the risk for preventable adverse events? Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:866-72. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 962-964KeywordsAdverse eventsMedical servicesPatientsReasoning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Concealed nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia.
Authors: C R Wyndham, R C Dhingra, T Smith, D Best, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Electrophysiologic studies were performed in a patient who had an apparently uncomplicated complete trifascicular block. His bundle recordings revealed atrioventricular dissociation with: 1) an atrial rate of 58 beats/min, 2) an idioventricular escape rate of 45 beats/min, and 3) nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia (His bundle rhythm) at a rate of 65--85 beats/min. The latter arrhythmia was electrocardiographically silent, influencing neither atrial nor ventricular events. The arrhythmia probably reflected digitalis intoxication (digoxin level of 3.3 ng/ml). A repeat electrophysiologic study 4 days after digoxin was discontinued revealed complete trifascicular block (distal to H) with intact conduction between the atrium and the His bundle (AH of 150 msec). Thus, electrophysiologic study demonstrated an electrocardiographically silent but clinically relevant arrhythmia, suggesting that His bundle recording should be part of diagnostic study during temporary pacemaker implantation in patients with atrioventricular block.
Garlock's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
Authors: M. Prince Brigham
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<b>Surgery of the Small Intestine in the Adult,</b>by Bentley P. Colcock and John W. Braasch (<i>Major Problems in Clinical Surgery,</i>vol 7, J Englebert Dunphy [cons. ed.]), 220 pp, $10.50, Philadelphia, London, and Toronto: W. B. Saunders Co., 1968. Although these two books are dissimilar, both in content and style, they are in a certain sense complementary. Dr. Garlock's book, published posthumously, is intensely personal. He clearly states his philosophy of clinical surgery in the first chapter and never deviates from the role of clinical surgeon and teacher. We have here a collection of conferences on the surgery of the alimentary tract from esophagus to anus, given by a very articulate surgeon in a clear and interesting manner. A few unfortunate omissions were occasioned by his death, and there are also rare conditions which one will not find here. But as he said in the preface, "No surgeon's experience
Intense Muscle Uptake of Ga-67 Citrate and Tc-99m MDP in a Patient with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: W GRANVILLE BATTE, MARK K. ROSENBLUM, STEVEN M. LARSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

An unusual distribution of Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in several muscle groups is described in a 14-year-old boy with aplastic anemia and normal renal function at the time of imaging. Although the patient did not develop musculo-skeletal signs or symptoms, a subsequent autopsy revealed widespread muscle calcification.
Human parvovirus B19
Authors: D Igoe, B Gilmer, H Johnson, H J O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (1994)

media but a lesser response in the BMJs correspondence columns.We are also interested to know why the study did not relate staging to outcome-for instance, in 74 women who had died by the time the study was under way.Was much less information on staging available for these women?Having worked extensively with both cancer registry and pathology records, we wonder whether the authors determined how often notes kept about treatment corresponded with the records of treatment or surgery recorded by other hospital departments.We have found considerable discrepancies, for example, between incidences of breast cancer recorded by registries and hospitals.Would this introduce bias?Despite our queries about the research, we share Chouillet and colleagues' belief in the value of audit of treatment of breast cancer as a means of improving services for patients with the disease.
Diethylstilbestrol and Vaginal Cancer
Authors: Alfred M. Bongiovanni
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The EDITORIAL by Huss (<b>218</b>:1564, 1971), on diethylstilbestrol in carcinoma of the vagina was certainly timely. That there may be a relationship between the administration of this steroidal hormone to the pregnant woman and the occurrence of such a carcinoma in her offspring seems to be quite probable. However, this particular steroidal hormone has been around for many decades and has been employed in tiny doses during pregnancy during this time for a variety of reasons which have never been clear to me. Because of the revelation of this matter in the public press there is great concern among the laity, and some of us are receiving many telephone calls and office visits because of this question. It would have been helpful had the EDITORIAL been specific as to the doses employed. To the best of my knowledge this coincidence relates to certain special circumstances, such
Basal cell carcinoma: a dermatopathological and molecular biological update
Authors: G. Saldanha, A. Fletcher, D.N. Slater
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Basal cell carcinoma: a dermatopathological and molecular biological update Get access G. Saldanha, G. Saldanha Department of Pathology, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K G.Saldanha. E‐mail: gss4@le.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Fletcher, A. Fletcher Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.N. Slater D.N. Slater Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 2, 1 February 2003, Pages 195–202, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05151.x Published: 01 February 2003 Article history Accepted: 17 September 2002 Published: 01 February 2003
A NONINVASIVE PROCEDURE TO MEASURE IN VIVO LUNG ENDOTHELIAL RECEPTORS
Authors: Javad Rahimian, Leslie R. Bennett, David Grubbs, Edwin C. Glass, Howard F. Corbus, Juan J. Touya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

We have designed a method based on radioimmunoassay principles and digital image processing to assay quantitatively the amount of free amine receptors in the pulmonary circulation. In previous publications we described the technique to measure the extraction of amines based on the analysis of the first pass of test and reference tracers injected as boli in the jugular vein. The present study was done in West African pigmy goats. Amine receptors were assayed using as ligand N-isopropyl-piodoamphetamine (IMP) mixed with I-123-IMP. Extraction fraction of the amine during its first pass through the lung was determined for different concentrations of ligand in the test bolus. The amount of ligand bound to the receptors was calculated as the product of the measured extraction fraction and the total amount of injected ligand. The dissociation constant (K) of the receptorligand reaction was measured from the slope of the Scatchard plot of the bound to free ligand ratio versus the bound ligand. K was found to be 11.7 mg. The amount of receptors in the lung was computed determining the halfsaturation point and it was found to be equivalent to 30 mg. of IMP. Considering that a single IMP molecule binds to a single receptor the total number of lung receptors was found to be 6.59E+19. In a computer simulation the sensitivity of the method to determine variations in the population of free receptors was studied. The optimal amount of ligand was determined to be 5 mg. of IMP. It is true that further work is necessary but the method promises to be a valuable research tool for in vivo study of lung amine receptors.
Amelioration of Pulmonary Emphysema by In Vivo Gene Transfection With Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Rats
Authors: Norihisa Shigemura, Yoshiki Sawa, Shinya Mizuno, Masamichi Ono, Mitsunori Ohta, Toshikazu Nakamura, Yasufumi Kaneda, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important mitogen and morphogen that contributes to the repair process after lung injury. The goal of the present study was to characterize its role in pulmonary emphysema, which may lead to the development of new treatment strategies with HGF. Methods and Results— HGF mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue and plasma from elastase-induced emphysema rats transiently increased, then declined significantly to below the basal level in a time-dependent manner ( P &lt;0.01). Furthermore, changes in HGF were correlated with histologically progressive emphysematous changes and deterioration in pulmonary physiology. Use of the HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) envelope method resulted in successful transfection of cDNA encoding human HGF, as demonstrated by an efficient expression of HGF in alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells. Transfection of HGF resulted in a more extensive pulmonary vasculature and inhibition of alveolar wall cell apoptosis, and those effects led to improved exercise tolerance and gas exchange ( P &lt;0.05), which persisted for more than 1 month. Conclusions— Decreased HGF expression due to a failure in sustained endogenous production after injury was associated with emphysema-related histopathologic and physiological changes in the present rat model. In addition, induction of HGF expression by a gene-transfection method resulted in improved pulmonary function via inhibition of alveolar cell apoptosis, enhancement of alveolar regeneration, and promotion of angiogenesis.