tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lead in Pet Foods and Processed Organ Meats A Human Problem?
Authors: Lester Hankin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The finding that canned pet foods contain considerable amounts of lead is important, since it had been alleged that some of these products are used for human consumption. The lead content of canned dog and cat food ranged from 0.9 to 7 ppm, and ingestion of 170 gm (6 oz) could provide up to 0.95 mg of this toxic element. The lead probably comes from organ meats used in the manufacture of pet foods. The lead content of liverwurst ranged from 1.6 to 7.6 ppm.
Ileorectal anastomosis in patients with Crohn's disease of the colon.
Authors: G Flint, R Strauss, N Platt, L Wise
Journal: Gut (1977)

Thirty-seven patients were studied who had an ileorectal anastomosis performed for Crohn9s disease of the colon. Twenty-nine were done as a primary procedure and in eight the anastomosis was made after previous total or segmental colectomy. Three patients developed anastomotic leaks and all three patients died. No patient who had a diverting loop ileostomy performed at the time of ileorectal anastomosis developed anastomotic leaks before or after the ileostomy was closed. Of the 37 patients, three died postoperatively and another five have had less than a one year follow-up. Of the remaining 29 patients, 12 (41%) had recurrences in either the rectum or ileum. Half of the recurrences took place five or more years after surgery. Seven of the 12 patients with recurrences have had their anastomoses taken down. When this recurrence rate of 41% is compared with the recurrence of ileitis in patients after total colectomy and ileostomy for Crohn9s disease of the colon, the incidence of recurrence is, as shown in many reports, not markedly dissimilar. Of the patients who develop a recurrence after ileorectal anastomosis, only about half will have to have their anastomoses taken down. In our study, 59% of the patients had no recurrence and another 20-5% had a recurrence but did not require 9take down9 of the anastomosis. Thus, almost 80% of our patients at the time of this report have been able to lead a life unencumbered by an ileostomy, making ileorectal anastomosis for this disease a desirable procedure to consider in selected patients.
Effects of selective COX-2 inhibition on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in asthma
Authors: Kameran Daham, Anna James, David Balgoma, Maciej Kupczyk, Bo Billing, Agneta Lindeberg, Elisabeth Henriksson, Garret A. FitzGerald, Craig E. Wheelock, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Barbro Dahlén
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Graduate Medical Education Reform
Authors: Jeffrey J. Stoddard
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To analyze the potential strategies and costs of house staff substitution under a reformed system of graduate medical education.An economic model using two scenarios for substitution of house staff (residents and fellows): (1) a lower-cost model under which nonphysician providers assume many house staff responsibilities, but additional aspects of their workload are taken over by staff physicians, nurses, and ancillary personnel; and (2) a higher-cost traditional model that relies more heavily on staff physicians to replace house officers.US teaching hospitals.Projected net substitution costs of house staff on a per full-time equivalent basis and aggregate national cost estimates of substitution.Net annual house staff substitution costs were estimated to be $58,000 and $77,000 per replaced full-time equivalent house officer, respectively, under the two scenarios. Assuming elimination of approximately 23,200 house staff under a reformed system, total (net) substitution costs to teaching hospitals were estimated at approximately $1.4 billion to $1.8 billion nationally on an annual basis.Graduate medical education reform, while likely to result in substantial long-term cost savings, will necessitate transitions in service provision that are likely to generate some new costs in the short term.
Regulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by AT-Rich Interaction Domain Transcription Factors Mrf2α and Mrf2β
Authors: Masafumi Watanabe, Matthew D. Layne, Chung-Ming Hsieh, Koji Maemura, Susan Gray, Mu-En Lee, Mukesh K. Jain
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Despite the importance of vascular smooth muscle cells in the regulation of blood vessel function, the molecular mechanisms governing their development and differentiation remain poorly understood. Using an in vitro system whereby a pluripotent neural crest cell line (MONC-1) can be induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells, we isolated a cDNA fragment that was robustly induced during this differentiation process. Sequence analysis revealed high homology to a partial cDNA termed modulator recognition factor 2 (Mrf2). Because the full-length cDNA has not been reported, we cloned the full-length Mrf2 cDNA by cDNA library screening and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and identified two isoforms of Mrf2 (alpha [3.0 kb] and beta [3.7 kb]) that differ in the N-terminus but share the DNA-binding domain. Protein homology analysis suggests that Mrf2 is a member of the AT-rich interaction domain family of transcription factors, which are known to be critically involved in the regulation of development and cellular differentiation. Mrf2alpha and Mrf2beta are highly induced during in vitro differentiation of MONC-1 cells into smooth muscle cells, and Mrf2alpha is expressed in adult mouse cardiac and vascular tissues. To define the function of Mrf2, we overexpressed both isoforms in 3T3 fibroblast cells and observed an induction of smooth muscle marker genes, including smooth muscle alpha-actin and smooth muscle 22alpha. Furthermore, Mrf2alpha and Mrf2beta retarded cellular proliferation. These data implicate Mrf2 as a novel regulator of smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation.
Combined Measurement of Fasting Plasma Glucose and A1C Is Effective for the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kyoko Kogawa Sato, Tomoshige Hayashi, Nobuko Harita, Takeshi Yoneda, Yoshiko Nakamura, Ginji Endo, Hiroshi Kambe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE We prospectively assessed whether the combined measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and A1C were effective for predicting type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study participants included 6,736 nondiabetic Japanese men aged 40–55 years. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in those who had an FPG ≥126 mg/dl or who were being treated with an oral antidiabetic agent or insulin. The models including FPG, A1C, and both were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. RESULTS During the 4-year follow-up period, we confirmed 659 diabetes cases. In multivariate analysis, both FPG and A1C were independently associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. The model including both FPG and A1C had a greater AUROC curve than that including FPG alone (0.853 vs. 0.818; P &amp;lt; 0.001) or A1C alone (0.853 vs. 0.771; P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combined measurement of FPG and A1C was effective for predicting type 2 diabetes.
Humanized Bone Marrow Mouse Model as a Preclinical Tool to Assess Therapy-Mediated Hematotoxicity
Authors: Shanbao Cai, Haiyan Wang, Barbara Bailey, Aaron Ernstberger, Beth E. Juliar, Anthony L. Sinn, Rebecca J. Chan, David R. Jones, Lindsey D. Mayo, Arthur R Baluyut, W Scott Goebel, Karen E Pollok
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Preclinical in vivo studies can help guide the selection of agents and regimens for clinical testing. However, one of the challenges in screening anticancer therapies is the assessment of off-target human toxicity. There is a need for in vivo models that can simulate efficacy and toxicities of promising therapeutic regimens. For example, hematopoietic cells of human origin are particularly sensitive to a variety of chemotherapeutic regimens, but in vivo models to assess potential toxicities have not been developed. In this study, a xenograft model containing humanized bone marrow is utilized as an in vivo assay to monitor hematotoxicity.A proof-of-concept, temozolomide-based regimen was developed that inhibits tumor xenograft growth. This regimen was selected for testing because it has been previously shown to cause myelosuppression in mice and humans. The dose-intensive regimen was administered to NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)IL2rg(tm1Wjl)/Sz (NOD/SCID/γchain(null)), reconstituted with human hematopoietic cells, and the impact of treatment on human hematopoiesis was evaluated.The dose-intensive regimen resulted in significant decreases in growth of human glioblastoma xenografts. When this regimen was administered to mice containing humanized bone marrow, flow cytometric analyses indicated that the human bone marrow cells were significantly more sensitive to treatment than the murine bone marrow cells and that the regimen was highly toxic to human-derived hematopoietic cells of all lineages (progenitor, lymphoid, and myeloid).The humanized bone marrow xenograft model described has the potential to be used as a platform for monitoring the impact of anticancer therapies on human hematopoiesis and could lead to subsequent refinement of therapies prior to clinical evaluation.
THE IMMUNIZATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN AGAINST WHOOPING COUGH
Authors: J. M. FRAWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

During the past two school years, prophylactic injections of whooping cough vaccine have been given to large groups of primary grade and preschool children in the Fresno public schools.  The vaccine used was the undenatured antigen of Haemophilus pertussis described by Krueger, Nichols and Frawley. 1 The method consists essentially of disrupting living bacterial cells by mechanical means and obtaining the endocellular elements by ultrafiltration. Recently isolated smooth strains of Haemophilus pertussis are grown on Bordet's medium enriched with human blood. The cells are harvested in buffered isotonic solution, thoroughly washed to remove metabolites, and mechanically disrupted in a ball mill. The resultant suspension is subjected to ultrafiltration through acetic collodion membranes whereby all intact cells and large particles are retained, while material in molecular or colloidal solution passes through. The water-clear filtrate contains the antigen. Micro-Kjehdahl determinations are made to determine the nitrogen content of this antigen solution.  The advantages
Diabetes after Aerosolized Pentamidine
Authors: Jack P. Chen, Robert L. Braham, Kathleen E. Squires
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 May 1991Diabetes after Aerosolized PentamidineJack P. Chen, MD, Robert L. Braham, MD, Kathleen E. Squires, MDJack P. Chen, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Robert L. Braham, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Kathleen E. Squires, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-10-913_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Although severe serum glucose disturbances have been associated with administration of intravenous pentamidine, diabetes has never been reported with aerosolized administration. We report a case of frank diabetes mellitus in a patient after three monthly treatments with aerosolized pentamidine.A 28-year-old Hispanic man, who was positive for human immunodeficiency virus and formerly abused alcohol and intravenous drugs, was hospitalized with polydypsia and polyuria. Three months before admission, he had begun treatments with aerosolized pentamidine isethionate, 300 mg monthly. Since then, asymptomatic episodes of mild hyperglycemia had been noted and were treated with dietary restriction. He had no...References1. Hart C. Aerosolized pentamidine and pancreatitis [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:691. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KarboskiGodley JP. Inhaled pentamidine and hypoglycemia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:490. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BouchardSaiReachCaubarrereGanevalAssan PPGIDR. Diabetes mellitus following pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia in humans. Diabetes. 1982;31:40-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ShenOrwollContePrince MEJM. Pentamidine-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Am J Med. 1989;86(6 Pt 1):726-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetes MellitusGlucose Disorders Associated with HIV and its Drug TherapyDisorders of Glucose Metabolism in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency VirusSevere Hyperglycemia in an HIV Clinic: Preexisting Versus Drug-Associated Diabetes MellitusDiabète sucré médicamenteux au cours de l'infection par le VIH. A propos de cinq cas10 Pancreatic lesions in HIV-infected patientsDiabète aigu et aérosols de pentamidine : une observation et revue de la littératureInsulin-Requiring Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Pentamidine Therapy in a Patient with AIDSEndocrine Effects of HIV InfectionAntiprotozoal drugs 15 May 1991Volume 114, Issue 10Page: 913-914KeywordsAlcoholismDiabetes mellitusDrugsGlucoseHIVHispanic peopleHyperglycemia Issue Published: 15 May 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Inadequacy of oleic acid in erythrocytes as a marker of malignancies.
Authors: O Soreide, A M Bakken, T Lygre, M Farstad
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Le rapport entre stearate et oleate dans les hematies, si les dosages sont tres precis et si on tient compte de l'âge des sujets, n'est pas nettement different entre sujets sains et sujets atteints de maladies malignes
The sociopathy of sociobiology
Authors: Wim E. Crusio
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Mealey's evolutionary reasoning is logically flawed. Furthermore, the evidence presented in favor of a genetic contribution to the causation of sociopathy is overinterpreted. Given the potentially large societal impact of sociobiological speculation on the roots of criminality, more-than-usual caution in interpreting data is called for.
The Efficacy of Mammography and Screening for Breast Cancer
Authors: Richard D. Corley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Kattlove and colleagues<sup>1</sup>presents a basic benefit package for detection and treatment of early breast cancer. I believe this concept has many flaws. Implementation of this package takes the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer out of the hands of the patient and her physician and transfers it into the hands of third-party payers. I cannot agree with the authors' denying screening mammography for women younger than 49 years. Early-age screening mammography detects breast tumors that are small. This leads to a more favorable prognosis for the breast cancer patient. Breast-conserving surgery for early cancer of the breast requires adjunct radiotherapy. Friedman<sup>2</sup>concluded from studying pathological tissues from 100 women who received radiation therapy that carcinoma of the breast cannot be considered a radiosensitive tumor. Radiation therapy produces initial fibrosis, loss of elasticity, fat necrosis, telangiectasia, lymphopenia, and obliterative arteritis. Tissue
Waiting for Alex
Authors: J. Rankine
Journal: BMJ (1994)

“Can you come and look at this baby? He's not quite right.” This sounds ominous. I am a junior paediatrician, it's the middle of the night, and senior colleagues are where I long to be—far away tucked up in bed. I enter the delivery room. The parents look subdued. The baby is oblivious, energetically having his first feed. Silently the mother plucks him from the breast and passes him over to me. He looks healthy enough, resplendent in a hospital property gown, all traces of a bloody passage into the world washed away. But those oblique eyes that are intently scanning my face, that flat nose, and rather squashed head. Now is not the time to prevaricate with talk of chromosomal analysis, the porter could diagnose this one. This baby has Down's syndrome.

No amount of medical education can prepare you for moments like these. I manage as best I can, discussing a diagnosis that the parents already half suspect. The father asks about adoption and I wish even more that I was somewhere else. I pass the baby back to the mother who cuddles him. As I leave the father follows me out of the room. “So what will happen …
Abstract C68: Using a chemical genetic approach to define the role of CDK2 in normal and transformed cell lines
Authors: Noelle E. Huskey, Dai Horiuchi, Leonard Kusdra, Chao Zhang, Kevan Shokat, Andrei Goga
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) drive progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle, making them an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. In particular, CDK2 is thought to regulate mammalian S-phase entry and progression, and frequently shows increased activity in a variety of tumors. Surprisingly, recent studies using conventional genetic approaches suggest that CDK2 is dispensable for cellular proliferation, both during normal development and in malignant cell lines. Here we use an alternative chemical genetic approach to determine whether acute ablation of CDK2 activity has the same affect as genetic deletion. We have replaced the endogenous CDK2 allele in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a mutant analogue sensitive CDK2 allele, allowing us to selectively inactivate CDK2 using bulky ATP analogs. In contrast to genetically deleting CDK2, the acute inhibition of CDK2 resulted in severe defects in proliferation of non-transformed MEFs, as well as MEFs that were transformed using various oncogenes. These findings reveal a requirement for CDK2 in mammalian cell proliferation and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target in tumor cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C68.
Ein Fall von chronischer Schizophrenic
Authors: Torsten Herner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1957)

Research Articles| February 10 2010 Ein Fall von chronischer Schizophrenic Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Torsten Herner Torsten Herner Lund Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica (1957) 5 (2-4): 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285308 Article history Published Online: February 10 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Torsten Herner; Ein Fall von chronischer Schizophrenic. Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 31 December 1957; 5 (2-4): 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285308 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1957Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Stem cell treatments and multiple sclerosis
Authors: R. J M Franklin, C. ffrench-Constant, p. o. m. neurology
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Benefit through immunosuppression is realistic, but regeneration is more difficult

Few subjects in contemporary medicine have generated more excitement and controversy than stem cells. The potential of stem cells to generate different cell types opens up the possibility of new treatments for regenerating damaged tissue. Stem cells have attracted particular interest for their potential to treat neurological disease because tissues within the central nervous system cannot regenerate.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune response targets myelinating cells (oligodendrocytes) within the central nervous system. It is characterised by focal inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Multiple sclerosis differs fundamentally from the “classic” neurodegenerative diseases—Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease—in which neurones are irreversibly destroyed, because lost oligodendrocytes and thus myelin can be replaced spontaneously by adult brain stem cells.1 This natural regeneration (called remyelination) can be widespread during the early stages of multiple sclerosis,2 but it is not sustained, and the increasing failure of remyelination underlies the loss of axons that characterises disease progression.

Effective treatments for multiple sclerosis must therefore be able to limit damage by inhibiting the immune response and repair damage by replacing lost …
THE PHYSIOLOGIC ACTION OF DIONIN.
Authors: WALTER HAMILTON SNYDER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Dionin is ethyl-morphin hydrochlorate, and was discovered by Grimaux (C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>23</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>HCl+H<sub>2</sub>O). It is a white, odorless, bitter powder, soluble in water, 7 parts; in alcohol, 1.5; in syrup, 20. It is insoluble in ether and chloroform. The aqueous solution is neutral in reaction and keeps a long time. The general physiologic action is similar to that of morphin, but it is claimed that it is less toxic and does not produce nausea, constipation or habit. The respiratory and cardiac centers are unaffected. Applied to the eye, either as a solution or powder, it produces marked sneezing, vasodilation, edema, glandular excitation, burning and lachrymation and supposedly lymphatic extravasation, followed by analgesia, lasting from 2 to 48 hours. Wolffberg<sup>1</sup>of Breslau first used it in ophthalmic practice, but it was Darier's2 report that brought it prominently before the profession. The general literature on the