tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Path of Plastid Genome Degradation in an Early-Transitional Clade of Heterotrophic Orchids, and Implications for Heterotrophic Angiosperms
Authors: Craig F. Barrett, John V. Freudenstein, Jeff Li, Dustin R. Mayfield-Jones, Leticia Perez, J. Chris Pires, Cristian Santos
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Parasitic organisms exemplify morphological and genomic reduction. Some heterotrophic, parasitic plants harbor drastically reduced and degraded plastid genomes resulting from relaxed selective pressure on photosynthetic function. However, few studies have addressed the initial stages of plastome degradation in groups containing both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic species. Corallorhiza is a genus of leafless, heterotrophic orchids that contains both green, photosynthetic species and nongreen, putatively nonphotosynthetic species, and represents an ideal system in which to assess the beginning of the transition to a “minimal plastome.” Complete plastomes were generated for nine taxa of Corallorhiza using Illumina paired-end sequencing of genomic DNA to assess the degree of degradation among taxa, and for comparison with a general model of degradation among angiosperms. Quantification of total chlorophyll suggests that nongreen Corallorhiza still produce chlorophyll, but at 10-fold lower concentrations than green congeners. Complete plastomes and partial nuclear rDNA cistrons yielded a fully resolved tree for Corallorhiza, with at least two independent losses of photosynthesis, evidenced by gene deletions and pseudogenes in Co. striata and nongreen Co. maculata. All Corallorhiza show some evidence of degradation in genes of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex. Among genes with open reading frames, photosynthesis-related genes displayed evidence of neutral evolution in nongreen Corallorhiza, whereas genes of the ATP synthase complex displayed some evidence of positive selection in these same groups, though for reasons unknown. Corallorhiza spans the early stages of a general model of plastome degradation and has added critical insight for understanding the process of plastome evolution in heterotrophic angiosperms.
Suppose We Die Young, Late in Life?-Reply
Authors: Ernst L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Are these letters reflective of a widespread misperception by readers of the salient points of our article? Admittedly, we dealt with the ideal—to wit, that prevention can enhance the likelihood of our dying young, late in life. Nonetheless, if every physician devoted equal energy and committment to prevention as to disease care, we would at least approach our realistic potential to reduce the incidence of avoidable chronic illness. The fact is, however, that every physician is not appropriately involved in identifying and evaluating—let alone modifying—his patients' life-styles.  This is not a question either of undermining basic constitutional rights to be damned fools but rather one of attempting to protect the rest of us from suffering from a medical system that is fiscally unstable. Recently it was disclosed that New York State would expend 10% of its gross state product on medical care; by 1980, 10% of our gross
Double Pylorus: an Unusual Endoscopic Finding
Authors: S. Wiseman, D. Tan, H. Hill
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A 58-year old man who was undergoing treatment for an oropharyngeal carcinoma was experiencing significant dysphagia and underwent endoscopy for placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Examination of the stomach revealed superficial erosions consistent with mild antral gastritis, and a double-pylorus deformity was identified (Fig. [1]).
Reply to Abraham Morgentaler’s Letter to the Editor re: Masashi Yano, Takashi Imamoto, Hiroyoshi Suzuki et al. The Clinical Potential of Pretreatment Serum Testosterone Level to Improve the Efficiency of Prostate Cancer Screening. Eur Urol 2007;51:375–80
Authors: Takashi Imamoto
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Frequency of melanocytic nevi in psoriatic patients is related to treatment and not to disease severity
Authors: Antonella Di Cesare, Assunta Riitano, Mariano Suppa, Rosaria Fidanza, Arianna Zangrilli, Maria Esposito, Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Sergio Chimenti, Ketty Peris
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
MDMA and Parkinsonism
Authors: Sandra M. Kuniyoshi, Joseph Jankovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Silent" Strokes and Dementiato the editor: Vermeer et al. (March 27 issue) 1 demonstrate associations between "silent" (asymptomatic) stroke and recurrent stroke and dementia.The risk of large strokes was the highest, with nonsignificant trends toward an increased risk of smallvessel or white-matter lesions.Whether incident silent infarcts and incident symptomatic infarcts confer similar risks of recurrent symptomatic stroke and dementia is unclear.If an analogy to carotid disease holds, there may be different risks for silent strokes and for symptomatic strokes.Although the accompanying editorial by Blass and Ratan 2 raises important issues about risk-factor modification in patients with a silent stroke, information is limited on combination antiplatelet therapy for the reduction of the risk of dementia.There are data showing decreases in overall mortality among patients with vascular dementia who are treated with any antithrombotic agent. 3However, there is no absolute benefit of antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) in the prevention of a first symptomatic stroke. 4Sustained-release dipyridamole and aspirin are quite reasonable treatments for patients with symptomatic stroke, but clinical trials are needed in order to show whether specific antiplatelet drugs are cost effective in decreasing the risk of dementia after a silent infarction. 5Pending future investigations, aspirin alone might still be the initial choice for patients who are at high risk for cerebrovascular disease. 4,5
Treating the Homeless Mentally III: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is an informative, well-written, easy-to-read, good book by experts in the field. It begins by noting that the recommendations published in the first task force report,<i>The Homeless Mentally Ill</i>(1984), were never fully carried out and strongly recommends actualization of the first report's suggestions. The book has a balanced approach and advocates for patients' rights without throwing out the need for medication and involuntary commitment. "advoca[ting] patients' rights without throwing out... medication and involuntary commitment" Section one covers the context of treatment and provides an excellent literature review that addresses the prevalence of mental illness and drug abuse among the homeless. A down-to-earth discussion of deinstitutionalization looks at the hard realities of the seriously and chronically mentally ill and their actual potential for vocational rehabilitation. The need for therapeutic but realistic optimism is stressed along with this population's need for asylum and shelter in the community. There is
Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine: the early histological lesion.
Authors: P Isaacson
Journal: Gut (1980)

A histological study of peroral jejunal biopsies and resection specimens from patients with malignant histiocytosis of the intestine (MHI) has revealed characteristic lesions consisting of intramucosal histiocytic aggregations which invade surface and crypt epithelium. These lesions are found in 9uninvolved9 jejunal mucosa in the presence of obvious tumour elsewhere and also in peroral jejunal biopsies many years earlier than the diagnosis of MHI. It is suggested that they represent the early lesion and their recognition in peroral jejunal biopsies could be important in improving the prognosis of the disease.
P3-219: Significant morbidity without mortality following neoadjuvant chemo/chemoradiation therapy in patients undergoing lung resection for NSCLC
Authors: Ahmet S. Bayram, Mustafa Köprücüoglu, özkan Kanat, Süreyya Saruhan, Türkkan Evrensel, Karadag Mehmet, Cengiz Gebitekin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Down's syndrome is strongly associated with coeliac disease.
Authors: L Gale, H Wimalaratna, A Brotodiharjo, J M Duggan
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: There is evidence of an increased prevalence of coeliac disease in Down9s syndrome. AIMS: To investigate the association, patients with Down9s syndrome and matched controls were examined. METHODS: Fifty nine patients with Down9s syndrome residing in government institutions in the Hunter region of New South Wales were studied. Four were excluded (terminally ill = 1, uncooperative = 3). Each of 55 patients was matched for age, sex, and residence with a control patient. Patients with both positive IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies were considered for endoscopical duodenal biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty one patients and two controls had raised IgA and IgG antibodies (chi 2 = 19.4; p &lt; 0.001). Tissue was obtained in 18 patients. Two had characteristic flat, five pronounced lymphocytic infiltration not diagnostic of coeliac disease, two giardiasis, and eight were normal. In one the tissue was not suitable for analysis. There were few differences between the subgroups in their anthropomorphic, biochemical, or haematological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of coeliac disease in these 51 patients with Down9s syndrome is at least two (3.9%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0%-9.2%) and could be as many as seven (13.7%; 95% CI 4.3%-23.2%). In this community the prevalence of coeliac disease in Down9s syndrome is increased more than 100-fold (x135-473).
Trinucleotide Repeats in Neurogenetic Disorders
Authors: H. L. Paulson, K. H. Fischbeck
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1996)

Trinucleotide repeat expansion is increasingly recognized as a cause of neurogenetic diseases. To date, seven diseases have been identified as expanded repeat disorders: the fragile X syndrome of mental retardation both FRAXA and FRAXE loci), myotonic dystrophy, X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type I, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, and Machado-Joseph disease. All are neurologic disorders, affecting one or more regions of the neuraxis. Moreover, five of the seven (the last five above) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders whose strikingly similar mutations suggest a common mechanism of neuronal degeneration. In this article we discuss specific characteristics of each trinucleotide repeat disease, review their shared clinical and genetic features, and address possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuropathology in each disease. Particular attention is paid to the neurodegenerative diseases, all of which are caused by CAG repeats encoding polyglutamine tracts in the disease gene protein.
Maternal Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Methylation Efficiency, and Birth Outcomes in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) Pregnancy Cohort in Mexico
Authors: Jessica E. Laine, Kathryn A. Bailey, Marisela Rubio-Andrade, Andrew F. Olshan, Lisa Smeester, Zuzana Drobná, Amy H. Herring, Miroslav Stýblo, Gonzalo G. García-Vargas, Rebecca C. Fry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) from drinking water is a global public health problem, yet much remains unknown about the extent of exposure in susceptible populations.
Brain death-induced deterioration of myocardial workload is not caused by reduced phosphocreatine/ATP ratio
Authors: G.J. Brandon, B. Bruinsma, M.G.J. Nederhoff, B.C.M. te Boekhorst, T.J.C. Ruigrok, C.J.A. van Echteld, J.J. Bredee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Male-to-Female Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Nancy Padian
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Ninety-seven female sexual partners of 93 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus were studied. All of the women had sexual contact within the year before their partner had been diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or was found to have a positive reaction on the human immunodeficiency virus serologic test. Fifty-seven percent were the partners of bisexual men. Overall, 23% of the women were infected (95% confidence interval, 15% to 32%). The total number of exposures to the index case (sexual contacts with ejaculation) and the specific practice of anal intercourse, also with the infected partner, were associated with transmission. Neither condom use, total number of sexual partners since 1978, nor lifetime number of sexually transmitted diseases was associated with infection.
961. AAV1-Mediated Gene Delivery to the Adult GM1-Gangliosidosis Mouse Hippocampus Leads to Marked Reduction in Storage in Physically and Synaptically-Connected Areas of the Brain
Authors: Miguel Sena-Esteves, Marike Broekman, Fabricio F. Costa, Stanley G. LeRoy, Laryssa A. Comer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

GM1-gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease caused by an autosomal recessive deficiency of lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase (b-gal) leading to accumulation of GM1-ganglioside in the central nervous system, and often accompanied by severe mental retardation. Knock-out mouse models (GM1 KO) of this disease mimic the biochemical findings in humans, with absence of b-gal activity and extensive GM1-ganglioside storage throughout the brain. The experiments reported here were conducted to: 1) Investigate the efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated delivery of mouse b-gal to the GM1 KO mouse brain; 2) Characterize the mechanisms by which this enzyme is distributed in the brain from the injection site; 3) Evaluate the therapeutic potential of this strategy by its ability to decrease GM1-ganglioside storage. The AAV vectors used in this study, AAV-CBA-MBG-W (mouse b-gal) and AAV-CBA-GFP-W (GFP), carry AAV2 ITRs, a CBA promoter to control transgene expression, a WPRE element, and a BGH polyA signal. One l of each virus stock was infused stereotaxically into the left hippocampus of 6 weeks old GM1 KO mice by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) at 0.1 l.min-1. One month later the brains were analyzed for b-gal expression by X-gal staining at pH 4.5, GFP expression in control mice, and GM1-ganglioside storage levels by immunofluorescence with an anti-GM1 ganglioside antibody. In mice injected with AAV-CBA-MBG-W, the ipsilateral hippocampus showed robust X-gal staining in most structures, while in the contralateral hippocampus staining was evident in the CA1-CA3 oriens, pyramidal, and radiatum layers, and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). Strong X-gal staining was also evident in the overlying ipsilateral cortex, while there was no apparent staining in the contralateral cortex. No X-gal staining was evident in control mice injected with GFP-encoding vector. In these mice there was strong GFP expression in the granule and pyramidal cell layer of the ipsilateral DG and CA3, respectively, and in the CA1-CA3 oriens and radiatum layers in both hemispheres. The Ipsilateral hippocampus in AAV-CBA-MBG-W injected mice was completely devoid of GM1-ganglioside storage while in the contralateral hippocampus there was a significant decrease in storage in the CA1-CA3 pyramidal layer and granule cell layer of the DG. A significant reduction in storage was also observed in the ipsilateral overlying cortex. In mice injected with the GFP-encoding vector there was strong storage in the CA1-CA3 pyramidal layer, granule cell layer of the DG, and cortex.
Simultaneous evaluation for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and myeloperoxidase in leukemia
Authors: J. D. Folds, F. J. Bollum, L. Dean, J. Chan, S. A. Stass
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract A technique for dual staining of cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is described. The technique has been applied to cells of two patients. One patient had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The other patient had chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Our findings indicate that TdT and MPO are exclusive markers except for a rare precursor cell with dual staining in one patient. This study supports the concept of acute mixed leukemia.
Manual of Oncologic Therapeutics 1989/1990
Authors: Richard J. Ugoretz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

One would not choose to curl up by the fire with<i>Oncologic Therapeutics</i>. Devoid of personal views, philosophy, or reflection, it is pure handbook in style and format—660 pages of highly condensed and very current information. It is fashionable for full-sized textbooks of oncology to devote considerable space in their opening sections to scholarly discussions of cancer biology and general principles of management. No such lofty emphasis here. This unromantic work opens with a chapter on skin biopsy. Edited by the associate director of the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Treatment Evaluation program and authored by a total of 73 contributors, the text seems to have no distinctive editorial style. Chapters are short, averaging only eight pages in length, and might well be expanded lecture notes for current status reports in every area of cancer medicine. A reader seeking quick reference to a capsule summary of almost any topic will be
Responses of consecutive patients to reassurance after gastroscopy: results of self administered questionnaire survey
Authors: M P Lucock, S Morley, C White, M D Peake
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To study the time course and prediction of responses to reassurance after gastroscopy showing no serious illness.Selection of consecutive patients were assessed before gastroscopy, immediately after reassurance, and at follow up at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year. Responses of subgroups of patients identified as high, medium, and low health anxiety by the health anxiety questionnaire were analysed.Endoscopy clinic in a general hospital.Oral reassurance that there was "nothing seriously wrong."One consultant physician and 60 patients aged 18-74 referred for gastroscopy.Physician's and patients' ratings of the extent of the reassurance and patients' ratings of their anxiety about their health and of their illness belief.There was good agreement between the patients and the physician about whether reassurance had been given. Health anxiety and illness belief decreased markedly after reassurance. Patients with high health anxiety showed a significant resurgence in their worry and illness belief at 24 hours and 1 week, and these levels were maintained at 1 months and 1 year later. Patients with medium levels of health anxiety showed a reduction in worry and illness belief after reassurance, and this was generally maintained during follow up. Patients with low health anxiety maintained low levels of health worry and illness belief throughout the study. Partial correlation analyses showed that the levels of worry and illness belief after reassurance were predicted by the health anxiety questionnaire. This measure also had predictive value beyond that of a measure of general anxiety.Medical reassurance results in a reduction of worry about health and of illness belief, but this may be very short term. Measurable individual differences in health anxiety can be used to predict the response to reassurance.
Photoisomerization spectrum of urocanic acid in human skin and in vitro: effects of simulated solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation
Authors: A. KAMMEYER, M.B.M. TEUNISSEN, S. PAVEL, M.A. RIE, J.D. BOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of trans-urocanic acid (UCA), a major UV absorbing component of the epidermis, leads to the formation of cis-UCA, which mediates immunosuppressive effects. In this study, the net yield of cis-UCA was measured after the photoisomerization of urocanic acid by narrow UV wavebands (spectral range 295-405 nm), with the irradiation doses related to solar irradiance at sea level. The formation of cis-UCA in Caucasian skin (in vivo), as well as in aqueous solution (in vitro), was determined by HPLC analysis. The same irradiation conditions were met in both components of the study. The in vivo experiments showed high efficiency of cis-UCA formation in the spectral region of 305-341 nm, whereas high efficiency in vitro was found at 305 and 326 nm. At 350 and 363 nm, cis-UCA was formed in vivo, but not in vitro. At longer test wavelengths up to 405 nm, no significant formation of cis-UCA was detectable. The established partition between UVB and UVA at 320 nm is not relevant for the isomerization pattern of UCA. Additional studies revealed substantial cis-UCA formation in human skin by UVA phototherapy lamps. Furthermore, raised levels of 295 nm irradiation doses, a possible effect of stratospheric ozone depletion, were found to increase the cis-UCA yield. Our results demonstrate that the formation of cis-UCA in the skin with common exposures takes place over a broad spectrum range of UVB and UVA, up to at least 363 nm. These findings emphasize the potency of UVA to isomerize UCA, and they may contribute to further elucidation of the effects of phototherapy and sunbathing.
Endoscopic sclerotherapy with fibrin glue as compared with polidocanol to prevent early esophageal variceal rebleeding
Authors: Thomas Zimmer, Frank Ruckstäschel, Ullrich Stölzel, Ralf-Marco Leihr, Detlef Schuppan, Andreas Stallmach, Martin Zeitz, Ernst Weber, Ernst Otto Riecken
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Diabetes insipidus, bone lesions, and new-onset red-brown papules in a 42-year-old man
Authors: Rachel I. Kornik, Haley B. Naik, Chyi-Chia Richard Lee, Juvianee Estrada-Veras, William A. Gahl, Edward W. Cowen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Colchicine Therapy for Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Charles A. Dinarello, Sheldon M. Wolff, Stephen E. Goldfinger, David C. Dale, David W. Alling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Eleven patients with long standing familial Mediterranean fever were studied in a double-blind trial using daily colchicine or placebo. During 60 courses of placebo, 38 attacks of familial...
A CASE OF PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA
Authors: R. O. Moon
Journal: BMJ (1911)

ICALJOUMALETICODERMIA UIID]2"RGOING PIGMflNqATION.[ DEC. 23, 191T, 1,261, and of these 662, more than half, were performned under spinal anaesthesia.The first cases were done in October, 1907, so that the method has ceased to be a novelty, and the increase has been a gradual one.More- over, a large number of these operations were done by assistant surgeolns or house-surgeons, wlho usecl the aniaesthetic they preferred.To sum up, it is clear that spinial anaesthesia, owing to
Billy Bunter and the obesogenic environment
Authors: M. Petticrew
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Demands for more patient-centred care necessitate that leadership creates the conditions for more compassionate care that is sustainable even in periods of acute crisis. We draw on a growing body of empirical research in health services, management and medicine to highlight how the combination of interpersonal acts, leadership style and organisational structures underpins leading with compassion. We further detail how this benefits care provider well-being and patient outcomes through fostering integrative thinking and prosocial motivation. We conclude with implications for practice.
Immunotherapy of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Malignancies Using Mycobacterial HSP70 and LMP2A356–364 Epitope Fusion Protein
Authors: Genyan Liu, Kun Yao, Bing Wang, Yun Chen, Feng Zhou, Yidi Guo, Jian Xu, Hongzhen Shi
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2009)
Hydroxyurea in essential thrombocythemia: rate and clinical relevance of responses by European LeukemiaNet criteria
Authors: Alessandra Carobbio, Guido Finazzi, Elisabetta Antonioli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Giovanni Barosi, Marco Ruggeri, Francesco Rodeghiero, Federica Delaini, Alessandro Rambaldi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood (2010)