tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Worry Grows as Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Continue to Gain Ground
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

EARLIER THIS year, Japanese researchers fired a shot heard around the microbiological world with their announcement of the emergence of a vancomycin-resistant strain of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Within months, the longfeared scenario repeated itself, as researchers in Michigan and New Jersey documented 2 more patients with nosocomial<i>S aureus</i>infections that also showed resistance against the drug considered the last uniformly effective antibiotic against this bacterium for serious infections. These cases and other worrisome trends in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in various bacterial pathogens, described at a recent American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored meeting of infectious disease experts in Toronto, Ontario, are heightening concern that strains of "superbugs" could bring back the therapeutic impotence of preantibiotic days. <h3>Sentry Sounds an Alarm</h3> Early data from the first 7 months (March to mid September of this year) from a new global program designed to track epidemiologie trends in bacterial infections and antimicrobial
F-18 FDG in Conjunction With 11C-Choline PET/CT in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu-bing Wu, Quan-shi Wang, Bao-yuan Li, Hong-sheng Li, Wen-lan Zhou, Qiao-yu Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) alone has limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hoped to improve the diagnostic sensitivity by combining F-18 FDG and C-choline PET/CT.A total of 76 consecutive patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled. Whole-body F-18 FDG PET/CT scan was performed for all patients. In those patients with negative F-18 FDG scans, a regional C-choline PET/CT scan was also performed.Positive F-18 FDG scans were noted in 61.1% (48/76) patients with HCC. Increased F-18 FDG uptake correlated with decreased tumor differentiation (P = 0.042). In 28 HCC patients with negative F-18 FDG scans, C-choline scan was positive in 71.4% patients. C-choline scan did not detect any significant difference between well- and moderately differentiated HCC (P = 0.585). Compared with F-18 FDG scan, C-choline scan showed a trend toward an improved detection of well-differentiated HCC (66.7% vs. 35.7%, NS). For detection of moderately differentiated HCC, the sensitivity of C-choline and F-18 FDG PET/CT was similar (85.7% vs. 72.0%, P = 0.648). The dual-tracer modality improved the diagnostic sensitivity of F-18 FDG PET/CT alone from 63.1% to 89.5% (P < 0.001).F-18 FDG in conjunction with C-choline increases the sensitivity of PET/CT in detecting HCC.
D5-02: Increased BRCA1 mRNA: an independent prognostic variable in completely resected chemonaive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p)
Authors: Rafael Rosell, Ewa Jassem, Marcin Skrzypski, Miguel Taron, Pedro Mendez, Laia P. Roca, Amelia Szymanowska, Witold Rzyman, Grazyna K. Gulida, Jacek Jassem
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Acute promyelocytic leukemia developing in untreated essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Naoaki Sato, Tatsuo Furukawa, Masayoshi Masuko, Shigeo Hashimoto, Hidenobu Takahashi, Miyako Baba, Koichi Inano, Noriatsu Suzuki, Ken Toba, Ichiro Fuse, Yoshifusa Aizawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We describe a patient with untreated essential thrombocythemia (ET) who developed microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia, 9 years after the initial diagnosis of ET. He achieved complete remission (CR) but relapsed 11 months later. After achieving the second CR, he received peripheral stem cell transplantation from his HLA complete‐matched sibling. Five months after the transplantation, he relapsed again with meningeal infiltration of leukemic cells. In this paper, we review cases of promyelocytic transformation of myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) other than chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To our knowledge, this is the first case of promyelocytic transformation of Philadelphia chromosome negative untreated ET, in whom both t(15;17) and PML‐RARα fusion were proven. Am. J. Hematol. 71:114–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Desperate Case: CARE (Costs, Applicability, Research, Ethics)
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In this issue of The Journal two articles, one from Pittsburgh, Pa,<sup>1</sup>and one from Chicago, Ill,<sup>2</sup>report four clinical transplant experiences (two cases each) that involve the partial surgical evisceration of desperately ill children and the replacement of severely damaged vital abdominal organs from cadaver sources, under immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Further application of cadavaric transplant techniques to new vascularized organs is an inevitable extension of a series of operations—organ transplantations—formerly thought impossible. These organ transplantations commenced in the early 1950s, and with the addition of immunosuppressive chemotherapy in the early 1960s, they have now brought relief of suffering to hundreds of thousands of people over the world. The successful allotransplantation of vascularized vital organs under immunosuppressive chemotherapy must be regarded as one of the greatest advances in biomedical science in the second half of this century. In every instance, the extension of this method to organs beyond the
Abstract B23: Epigenetic regulation of OPA1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib-induced apoptosis
Authors: William Matthew Puszyk, Hui-Jia Dong, Frank Zhao, Olorunseun Ogunwobi, Chen Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of un-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patient response to this therapy is variable. In this study we show that treatment with Sorafenib induces rapid mitochondrial fragmentation, which is associated with the deregulation of mitochondria-fusion-related protein OPA1, thus inducing apoptosis. Exposure of HCC cells or isolated mitochondria to Sorafenib induces cytochrome c release. Our data indicate that siRNA-mediated OPA1 knockdown significantly sensitizes HCC cells to Sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Sorafenib inhibits HCC xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and does not induce apoptosis in healthy primary hepatocytes. Murine xenograft tumor tissue samples revealed mitochondria fusion protein OPA1 expression levels are strongly associated with the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib treatment. We have shown that Sorafenib suppresses the tumorigenesis of HCC through the induction of mitochondrial injury via OPA1. Epigenetic analysis of the OPA1 gene promoter indicates a role for DNA methylation in the suppression of OPA1 expression, and a potential biomarker which can be utilized for the identification of patients whom may benefit from treatment with Sorafenib. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and suggest that OPA1 is a novel therapeutic target in patients with HCC. Citation Format: William Matthew Puszyk, Hui-Jia Dong, Frank Zhao, Olorunseun Ogunwobi, Chen Liu. Epigenetic regulation of OPA1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Ethical Practice in Managed Care: A Dose of Realism
Authors: Mark A. Hall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

This article examines the ethics of medical practice under managed care from a pragmatic perspective that gives physicians more useful guidance than do existing ethical statements.The article begins with a framework for constructing a realistic set of ethical principles, namely, that medical ethics derives from physicians' role as healers; that ethical statements are primarily aspirational, not regulatory; and that preserving patient trust is the primary objective. The following concrete ethical guidelines are presented: Financial incentives should influence physicians to maximize the health of the group of patients under their care; physicians should not enter into incentive arrangements that they are embarrassed to describe accurately to their patients; physicians should treat each patient impartially without regard to source of payment, consistent with the physician's own treatment style; if physicians depart from this ideal, they should inform their patients honestly; and it is desirable, although not mandatory, to differentiate medical treatment recommendations from insurance coverage decisions by clearly assigning authority over these different roles and by physicians advocating for recommended treatment that is not covered.
ULTIMATE RESULTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITH MERCURY SUCCINIMID
Authors: H. J. HARTZ
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with mercury has been highly extolled in the past few years by Dr. Barton Lisle Wright, of the United States Navy. The results obtained seemed so remarkably successful that a series of cases were selected and were placed under the mercury treatment.  A variety of cases were selected in an endeavor to ascertain in which type the treatment gave the best results. The classification of the different stages of the disease is the same as the one adopted by the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.  The treatment consisted in the administration of a sterile solution of mercury succinimid in 1/5 gr. doses every second day, as advocated by the originator of this method of treatment. The hypodermatic injections were given into different portions of the body, including the buttocks, loose tissues of back and abdomen, and into the deltoid muscle. An
Relation between ST and QRS vector changes and myoglobin release in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: M. SEDERHOLM, C. SYLVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Relation between ST and QRS vector changes and myoglobin release in acute myocardial infarction Get access MAGNUS SEDERHOLM, MAGNUS SEDERHOLM ‡ **From the Department of Medicine, Danderyds sjukhus, S-182 88 Danderyd, Sweden and ‡Reprint requests to: Magnus Sederholm, Department of Medicine, Danderyds Hospital, S-182 88 Danderyd, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CHRISTER SYLVÉN CHRISTER SYLVÉN †Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska sjukhuset, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, October 1983, Pages 589–594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.10.589 Published: 01 October 1983
Abstract 1767: Targeting prostate cancer osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and tumor neovasculature
Authors: Khalid A. Mohamedali, Zhi Gang Li, Michael W. Starbuck, Xinhai Wan, Jun Yang, Sehoon Kim, Weihe Zhang, Nora M. Navone, Michael G. Rosenblum
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: A hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that VEGF121/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and tumor neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting non-tumor cells expressing the receptors for VEGF121, namely VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, can inhibit tumor progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic PCa. Experimental Design: We examined the effect of VEGF121/rGel on osteoblast precursors and several PCa cell lines in vitro; on osteoid formation in a mouse calvaria culture assay ex vivo; and on PCa osteoblastic progression in the femurs of mice injected with MDA PCa 118b, a PCa xenograft obtained from a bone metastasis in a patient with castrate-resistant PCa. Results: VEGF121/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This cytotoxicity was specific as VEGF121/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was VEGF121 receptor driven. Furthermore, VEGF121/rGel significantly inhibited PCa-induced bone formation in a mouse calvaria culture assay. In vivo, systemic administration of VEGF121/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of PCa cells in the femurs of nude mice. Microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that VEGF121/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of tumor-bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non-tumor bearing) femurs. VEGF121/rGel significantly reduced the number of tumor-associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, VEGF121/rGel-treated mice had significantly less tumor burden than control mice did. Our results thus indicate that VEGF121/rGel inhibits osteoblastic tumor progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. Conclusions: Targeting VEGFR-1- or VEGFR-2-expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of PCa in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic PCa. We believe that VEGF121/rGel in combination with tumor cell-targeting therapies (e.g., chemotherapy) constitutes a novel strategy for advanced PCa. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1767. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1767
Acceptability of the Cytopipette in General Hospitals
Authors: A. J. Lucas, M. E. Attwood
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Altogether 2,798 cytopipette smears have been taken by patients entering the general medical and surgical wards of a hospital. Twelve unsuspected positive smears were found, a rate of 4 per 1,000. Biopsy of these patients has shown five pre-malignant lesions, one invasive carcinoma of cervix, and one carcinoma of corpus uteri. Five patients await biopsy. The cytopipette is both acceptable to the patient (62% acceptance) and a feasible laboratory technique and can produce good cytological smears. Only 30% of patients entering the hospital had already had the opportunity to obtain a smear before, and most of them welcomed the opportunity for the test. Though the self-pipette may be criticized for its inaccuracy we feel that any test, if it can detect cervical abnormality at the rate of 4 women per 1,000, is better than no test at all. It should have a place in routine cytological testing of women second only to the use of Ayre9s spatula.
Observation of a believer
Authors: J. Morris
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine is like no other in my experience. Huge crowds, mostly young adults but many middle aged and elderly too, dedicated to exercise andsport, to fitness and health, to their scientific study and promotion in the community—and to cooperation, friendship, and conviviality. This year, the president, an orthopaedic surgeon brimming with ideas and enthusiasm, told me there were 5000 people attending, …
Sudan arrests aid worker for “crimes against the state”
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The arrest of Paul Foreman, head of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) Holland, for publishing a report on rape in Darfur has caused repercussions in Africa and Europe. But despite the outrage caused by his detention, the Sudanese government went a step further by also arresting the agency's Darfur regional coordinator, Vincent Hoedt.

“These arrests are totally unacceptable. The government is punishing humanitarian aid workers for doing their job for victims of the conflict,” said MSF's director in Holland, Geoff Prescott. “As providers of medical assistance and as human beings we find …
ACUTE ASPHYXIA AS A MEDICAL PROBLEM
Authors: CECIL K. DRINKER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Final control of all the great emergencies causing asphyxia and requiring resuscitation rests with the medical profession. When the physician reaches a case of asphyxiation, all other agencies must conform to his direction. His is the responsibility and on his training and experience the public must rely. Yet, as a result of seven years' participation in the theoretical and practical aspects of acute asphyxia, I have become convinced that physicians in general are not fairly awake to the size of the medical problem presented by asphyxia, to the latest methods of management, or to the interesting problems inherent in the condition, no matter how induced.  The three great emergencies particularly susceptible to proper treatment are drowning, electrical shock, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The first of these is the most frequent and the second the least.  DROWNING  Drowning, so far as is known, presents a relatively simple form of asphyxia. On
Atypical gastric presentation of strongyloidiasis in an immunecompetent patient
Authors: H. Montes, A. Arenas, P. Petrosino, M. Milano, S. Salmen, L. Berrueta
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 52-year-old female presented with a 4-year history of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea without mucus or blood. She received medication including lanzoprazol, and antidiarrhea and antispasmodic treatments without improvement. Her medical history was unremarkable, with no hospital admissions or surgical procedures. Vital signs were normal. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the colonic area with normal bowel sounds. No signs of peritoneal irritation were detected. Abdominal ultrasound was normal. Laboratory tests reported eosinophilia (9 %). HIV test was negative. Normal lymphocyte subpopulations were present. No parasites were found in repeated fecal smears.
Abstract 607: Loss of pigment epithelium derived-factor (PEDF) is associated with breast cancer progression and antihormone drug resistance
Authors: Joan S. Wambi, Helen Kim, V. Craig Jordan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Despite the benefits of antihormones in treating estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, many tumors develop resistance. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous antiangiogenic protein that is showing promise as a potential anticancer agent. PEDF is considered a potential tumor suppressor because its expression is very high in normal tissues but is loss or reduced in various types of malignancies. Previously, it was reported that PEDF expression was signficantly reduced in human breast cancer and that a lack of PEDF expression was a potent factor for the enhancement of tumor growth and angiogenesis. At present however, there are no studies which have examined whether PEDF plays a role in antihormone resistance. In this study, we have characterized the role of PEDF in breast cancer progression and assessed whether PEDF, through a possible interaction with the ER, plays a role in antihormone drug resistance. We found that PEDF expression was dramatically reduced in antihormone-resistant breast cancer cells compared to antihormone-sensitive cells and that reexpression of PEDF in these cells resensitized them to antiestrogens. In addition, we found that treatment of antihormone resistant breast cancer cells with recombinant PEDF significantly reduced the growth of these cells by inducing apoptosis and it reduced the ability of these cells to migrate and invade through an artificial basement membrane. Interestingly, we also found that PEDF expression was dramatically reduced in ER-negative versus ER-positive breast cancer cells; however, there was no significant correlation between PEDF expression and ER in our antihormone resistant cells which continued to expressed high levels of ER despite their PEDF-negative status. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that a loss of PEDF expression plays an important role in antihormone resistance in breast cancer and they suggest that the presence of PEDF might be an important indicator of antihormonal responsiveness. This work was supported by the NIH Career Development Grant K01CA120051-01A2, the American Cancer Society Grant IRG-92-027-14; and the Hollenbach Family Fund. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 607.
Four in 100 deaths worldwide are caused by alcohol, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Governments worldwide need to do more to cut harmful drinking, which causes an estimated 2.5 million deaths every year, says a report by the World Health Organization.

Harmful use of alcohol is now the world’s third leading risk factor for disease, said Shekhar Saxena, WHO’s director for non-communicable diseases.

He said, “There are 60 different kinds of diseases [in which] alcohol has a significant causal role, including [non-communicable diseases] such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, and it also contributes to about 200 other diseases.”

WHO’s Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health says that alcohol misuse is a major factor contributing to death, disease, and injury to the drinker, through effects such as dependence, liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis, cancers (colorectal, breast, larynx, liver, …
Excess mortality associated with diabetes is falling, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The excess mortality associated with having diabetes has fallen over the past decade, shows a study that compared death rates in adults with the condition and those without.1

The researchers compared annual age and sex adjusted mortality rates of adults with and without diabetes by using a population based healthcare database for Ontario, Canada, and the UK Health Improvement Database (THIN) between 1996 and 2009.

Their results …
CD4 cell counts used as surrogate test for HIV infection
Authors: A S Jack, S Richards
Journal: BMJ (1995)

general practice in the United Kingdom.Called, imaginatively, GP-UK, the list is run by collabo- ration between the Sowerby Unit for Primary Care Informatics at Newcastle University and the Primary Health Care Specialist Group of the British Computer Society.GP-UK deals with topics such as clinical research and medical informatics, with specific reference to British general practice.Within its first six months it has over 150 members.Views from outside the United Kingdom are also welcome, and, indeed, the list includes members from Europe, Australia, and the United States.To