tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Bacteriology
Authors: L. P. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The new variant of concern (VOC), B.1.1.7, has a distinct set of mutations in nucleotides encoding the spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 previously accumulated mutations at a much slower rate, of 1–2 per month; the sudden appearance of a large cluster of mutations was thought to be unusual. We now suspect that VOC may have arisen from immunosuppressed individuals who shed virus for longer periods. Epidemiological analyses estimate VOC to be more infectious; this is of most concern because these estimates were calculated during periods where many regions of the UK were in high social distancing restrictions. Therefore, the previous ‘tiered’ system implemented in the UK was ineffective at containing VOC. The most likely reason for this is that previous restrictions, no matter how strict, still allowed for gatherings in certain places. VOC also has implications for the national vaccination programme – a higher proportion of people will need to be vaccinated with a more infectious virus. Prolongation of the second dose of vaccines to increase vaccine uptake has understandably caused concern, but is based on sound immunological principles. There is now an urgent need to monitor the effect of new variants on vaccine efficacy – marking a new chapter in the global fight against COVID-19.
Market reforms for the health care system
Authors: F. M. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To  Editor.  —In his thoughtful Commentary, 1 Dr Ginzberg points out several important issues that need to be addressed in any informed debate about changing  status quo in health care. However, Ginzberg relies on some incorrect assumptions that bias his arguments against free market solutions.  While discussing  current emphasis on  free market, Ginzberg includes managed care company executives among its enthusiasts. These executives, whose jobs exist because of government interventions such as  HMO [health maintenance organization] Act of 1973 and a current tax code that distorts free choice in insurance decisions, are no friends of  free market and, in fact, consistently oppose free market reforms. It is government decrees that have promoted  growth of these entities, whose incentives to physicians additionally make them no friends of patients.  Ginzberg asks why, if the market has had wide scope to 'do its thing' for
Targeting transcription factor Stat4 uncovers a role for interleukin-18 in the pathogenesis of severe lupus nephritis in mice
Authors: Julia Menke, Tillmann Bork, Birte Kutska, Katelyn T. Byrne, Michaela Blanfeld, Manfred Relle, Vicki R. Kelley, Andreas Schwarting
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Health care is among the most corrupt services in India
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Marmosets are highly social non-human primates living in families. They exhibit rich vocalization, but neural basis underlying complex vocal communication is largely unknown. Here we report the existence of specific neuronal ensembles in marmoset A1 that respond selectively to distinct monosyllable or disyllable calls made by conspecific marmosets. These neurons were spatially dispersed within A1 but distinct from those responsive to pure tones. Syllable-selective responses were markedly diminished when individual domains of the syllable were deleted or the domain sequence was altered, indicating the importance of global rather than local spectral-temporal properties of the sound. Disyllable-selective responses also disappeared when the sequence of the two monosyllable components was reversed or their interval was extended beyond 1 second. Light anesthesia largely abolished disyllable-selective responses. Our findings demonstrate extensive inhibitory and facilitory interactions among syllable-evoked responses, and provide the basis for further study of circuit mechanisms underlying vocal communication in awake non-human primates.
Some Experiences of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in a University Hospital
Authors: M. Rigatelli, P. Curci, M. De Berardinis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

The authors present some of their experiences concerning psychiatric consultation in a 1,800-bed university hospital. Particular evidence is given to the development which the physician-psychiatrist relationship has had in the long run. The experiences refer to the consultation work carried out in the Department of Medicine, in the Division of Cardiology and in the Hemodialysis Unit.
TCT-346 Relationship Between Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Plaque Morphology: An ADAPT-DES Intravascular Ultrasound Substudy
Authors: Mitsuaki Matsumura, Gary S. Mintz, Bernhard Witzenbichler, D. Christopher Metzger, Michael Rinaldi, Ke Xu, Ajay J. Kirtane, Gregg W. Stone, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IgG4-related midline destructive lesion
Authors: Emanuel Della-Torre, Hamid Mattoo, Vinay S Mahajan, Vikram Deshpande, Donald Krause, Philip Song, Shiv Pillai, John H Stone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Midline destructive lesion (MDL), also known as ‘lethal midline granuloma’, represents a fibroinflammatory condition characterised by relentless erosion of the nose, paranasal sinuses and palate.1 ,2 Disease attribution remains elusive for many cases, which continue to be labelled ‘idiopathic’.2 

Four patients, two males and two females, were referred because of progressive erosion of midline facial structures that had occurred over 2–3 years. Their median age was 40 years (range 27–54). Presenting symptoms included chronic sore throat, difficulty swallowing (nasal regurgitation) and progressive nasalisation of speech. Tissue destruction developed insidiously in all four patients, initially as small ulcerative lesions of the soft palate and nasal septum that enlarged gradually into perforations of palatal and nasal structures. Spontaneous loss of the uvula occurred in three patients. Three had palatal prostheses assembled in order to prevent the passage of food into the nasopharynx (figure 1A,B). All four developed saddlenose deformities.



Figure 1 
Clinical and radiological features of IgG4-related midline destructive lesion in four patients. (A) Soft palate erosion with uvula reabsorption. (B) Nasal septum perforations (patients 2 and 4) and the palatal prostheses used by patients 1 and 3. (C) Computed tomography scan of the head and neck showing destruction of the hard palate with communication …
Production of a factor by cultured human heart valves that is immunologically related to interleukin 1
Authors: A. M HENNEY, R. S DECKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Production of a factor by cultured human heart valves that is immunologically related to interleukin 1 Get access ADRIANO M HENNEY, ADRIANO M HENNEY ** From Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr A M Henney, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 4RN. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT S DECKER ROBERT S DECKER † From the Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 21–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.1.21 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Received: 09 April 1986 Accepted: 07 July 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Interleukin-1 receptor blockade improves survival and hemodynamic performance in Escherichia coli septic shock, but fails to alter host responses to sublethal endotoxemia.
Authors: E Fischer, M A Marano, K J Van Zee, C S Rock, A S Hawes, W A Thompson, L DeForge, J S Kenney, D G Remick, D C Bloedow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent to which an endogenous interleukin-1 (IL-1) response contributes to the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of sublethal endotoxemia or lethal Gram-negative septic shock. Young, healthy baboons received either a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an LD100 of live Escherichia coli bacteria, and one half of the animals in each group were continuously infused with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Plasma IL-1 beta was not detected in this model of endotoxemia. Administration of IL-1ra had only minimal effects on the modest hemodynamic and metabolic responses to sublethal endotoxemia, and did not attenuate the plasma cytokine response. In contrast, high circulating levels of IL-1 beta (range 300-800 pg/ml) were seen during lethal E. coli septic shock. IL-1ra treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (from -72 +/- 8 to -43 +/- 6 mm Hg; P less than 0.05) and cardiac output (from -0.81 +/- 0.17 to -0.48 +/- 0.15 liter/min; P less than 0.05), and significantly improved survival from 43 to 100% at 24 h (P less than 0.05). The plasma IL-1 beta and IL-6 responses to lethal E. coli septic shock were also significantly diminished by IL-1ra treatment (P less than 0.05), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) concentrations were unaffected. We conclude that an exaggerated systemic IL-1 beta response is characteristic of lethal E. coli septic shock, and contributes significantly to the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of E. coli septic shock. IL-1ra can significantly attenuate the cytokine cascade and improve survival.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: immune deposit disease.
Authors: A F Michael, K N Drummond, R A Good, R L Vernier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The possible role of immunologic mechanisms in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was suggested in 1908 by Schick (2), who compared the delay in appearance of serum sickness after injection of heterologous serum to the latent pe- riod between scarlet fever and onset of acute glo- merulonephritis.Evidence in support of this con- cept is the depression of serum complement during the early stages of the disease (3) and glomerular localization of immunoglobulin.Immunofluores- cent studies have revealed either no glomerular deposition of a-globulin (4) or a diffuse involve- ment of the capillary wall (5-9).Seegal, Andres, Hsu, and Zabriskie (10) demonstrated the pres- ence of 7 S y-globulin, /31c-globulin, and strepto- coccal antigen in the glomeruli of most patients with this disease.By studies employing ferritin- labeled antibodies, these proteins could be demon- strated in the mesangium, between the endothelial cells, and within and adjacent to the basement membrane.Electron microscopic observations of
Cigarette Smoking, Not Carbon Monoxide, Is the Problem
Authors: James R. Webster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters1 December 1990Cigarette Smoking, Not Carbon Monoxide, Is the ProblemJames R. Webster Jr., MDJames R. Webster Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-11-900_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:The article by Sheps and coworkers (1) and the accompanying editorial by Waiden and Gottlieb (2) are of interest and raise several questions for possible scientific study. I believe, however, that both papers emphasized the wrong risk factors for carbon monoxide exposure. Rather than focusing on urban life or occupational issues, they should have identified cigarette smoking as the major problem. Smokers are more numerous (75 million in the United States) and have higher carbon monoxide levels and longer exposure times than persons at risk because of occupation (for example, traffic police and tunnel workers). This does...References1. ShepsHerbstHinderliter DMA. Production of arrhythmias by elevated caboxyhemoglobin in patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:343-51. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WaidenGottlieb SS. Urban angina, urban arrhythmias: carbon monoxide and the heart. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:337-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Urban pollution: a new threat to health. New York Times. 1 Sept 1990:1(col 3). Google Scholar4. U.S. Surgeon Generals' Reports on Smoking and Health, 1964-89. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health and Human Services; [published annually]. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 11Page: 900-900KeywordsCarbon monoxideMedical risk factors Issue Published: 1 December 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE LOCALIZATION OF CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN EXPERIMENTAL SERUM SICKNESS
Authors: William T. Kniker, Charles G. Cochrane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

In serum sickness, mechanisms by which circulating immune complexes become localized in the walls of vessels and glomeruli have been studied. In affected arteries, morphologic observations showed that circulating marker particles of carbon would rapidly deposit along the luminal surface of the internal elastic lamina. This, as in previous studies, suggested an increase in vascular permeability during which large molecules were capable of being trapped by a filtering membrane in the vessel wall. In attempts to prevent the increase in vascular permeability, rabbits were treated with antagonists of histamine and serotonin. Such treatment markedly inhibited the localization of immune complexes in glomeruli, the development of proteinuria, and glomerular endothelial proliferation. Cardiovascular lesions also were largely prevented from developing. Depletion of platelets, the principal reservoir of vasoactive amines, had a similar though less pronounced effect. While the deposition of immune complexes was inhibited, allergic inflammation in general was not, since normal rabbits treated as above were found capable of developing full Arthus reactions and acute nephrotoxic nephritis. Hydrodynamic factors were noted to be important in determining the location of arterial lesions. Studies of aortas from unmodified rabbits and from those with surgically induced coarctations of the abdominal aorta revealed intimal lesions concentrated at areas of high turbulence, such as at branches, bifurcations, outflows and zones of configurational change. Lesions in these areas were also largely inhibitable by depletion of platelets or by antagonists of histamine and serotonin.
CD28 provides T-cell costimulation and enhances PI3K activity at the immune synapse independently of its capacity to interact with the p85/p110 heterodimer
Authors: Fabien Garçon, Daniel T. Patton, Juliet L. Emery, Emilio Hirsch, Robert Rottapel, Takehiko Sasaki, Klaus Okkenhaug
Journal: Blood (2007)
Oral ciprofloxacin after a short course of intravenous ciprofloxacin in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a multicenter, randomized study
Authors: Rubén Terg, Sergio Cobas, Eduardo Fassio, Graciela Landeira, Beatriz Ríos, Walter Vasen, Raquel Abecasis, Héctor Ríos, Mónica Guevara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Biliary Atresia and Neonatal Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: S WYNCHANK, J GUILLET, F LECCIA, G SOUBIRAN, P BLANQUET
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m diethyl IDA was performed on 14 jaundiced neonates. It aided greatly the differential diagnosis between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. Limitations in the interpretation of the results are described, as neonatal hepatitis may be accompanied by biliary excretion ranging from zero to normal. Also both biliary atresia (intra- and extrahepatic) and neonatal hepatitis may show no biliary excretion within 24 hours.
Time is such a precious thing
Authors: J. Vevers
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Each week I try and approach Wednesdays with enthusiasm. After all they come after Tuesdays, my day off, when there is space for gardening, mediocre golf, dog walking, or yet again causing the home computer to crash; my time for messing around. There is the familiar mountain of paper on my desk, laboratory results and hospital letters, written requests for this and that, a mosaic of reminders, vignettes of personal unfinished dramas lying there waiting.

> How do you cost a saved marriage, a mother's ability to play with her child? 

Perhaps today will be different as the second patient has either not bothered to come or forgotten. Wasting valuable doctor time can seem a bonus on Wednesdays. But by five to nine there are the familiar faces, a sea of raincoats, a clattering of surgery lego, a gathering of walking aids ready to stagger in and moan about the weather of their lives, the ringing phones with requests, the community nurse with a big sheet of paper, the receptionist asking when I want to …
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE TO EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS IN MICE
Authors: Richard Costello, Rene Dubos, Russell W. Schaedler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

NCS mice were found to be susceptible to a hyperacute form of disease induced by injection of relatively large doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Susceptibility to this type of disease was conditioned by the sex, age, and dietary history of the animals. Unlike the more usual response of mice to mycobacterial disease, these conditions affected primarily the relative occurrence of early-acute deaths rather than average survival time. Resistance to this form of disease was increased by previous exposure of the animals to Gram-negative bacteria, to their endotoxin, or to various preparations of killed mycobacterial cells.
Crohn's Disease: What Do Recurrence Rates Mean?
Authors: Albert I. Mendeloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IT would seem at first glance that comparison of therapies for diseases resulting in death over a period of years should be an easy task for physicians. That it has not proved to be so is evident from the most casual reading of the cancer literature, or that related to heart disease. In 1950 Berkson and Gage1 made an important step forward in evaluating survival of patients with cancer by employing an adaptation of the life-table concept, so that at each year after diagnosis, or therapeutic intervention, the number of persons alive could be calculated, and thereby the population at . . .
Risk of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders in Social Phobia: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Rosa M. Crum, Laura A. Pratt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The risks of heavy drinking and alcohol abuse/dependence were prospectively assessed among individuals with DSM-III social phobia and individuals with subclinical social phobia (irrational fear of social situations without significant impairment or avoidance). METHOD: The baseline interview for the Baltimore site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program was completed in 1981. Between 1993 and 1996 the original cohort was traced. Among the 1,161 individuals who did not have episodes of heavy drinking or current or prior alcohol abuse/dependence at baseline, logistic regression was used to assess the association of social phobia and subclinical social phobia with incident alcohol abuse/dependence and incident episodic heavy drinking. RESULTS: Among the 33 individuals with a DSM-III diagnosis of social phobia at baseline, only one developed heavy drinking by follow-up, and none developed alcohol abuse or dependence. Among the 84 individuals with a history of subclinical social phobia, the cumulative incidence rates of heavy drinking and alcohol abuse/dependence were 119 per 1,000 and 95 per 1,000, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, race, education level, marital status, age at first alcohol intoxication, and history of other psychiatric or illicit drug use disorder, the estimated relative risk for heavy drinking among respondents with subclinical social phobia was 2.41, and the estimated relative risk for alcohol abuse/dependence was 2.30, relative to respondents without social phobia or subclinical social fears. CONCLUSIONS: The data may improve our understanding of the relationship of social phobia and risk for alcohol conditions, which may have important implications for preventive measures.
Association Of Polymorphism At The CD14 Promoter (CD14-C159T) With Atopic and Non-Atopic Asthma In Adults From Crimea, Ukraine
Authors: Yuri Bisyuk, V.A. Beloglazov, A.I. Dubovyi, L.K. Znamenska, Lawrence M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
New president of the German Medical Council may back reform
Authors: D. T. Mahkorn
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The president of the German Medical Council, Karsten Vilmar, aged 69, announced his resignation last week at the organisation's annual meeting, after 21 years in office. He will be succeeded by Jirg-Dietrich Hoppe, a member of the Christian Democrat party, who is expected to be more cooperative about the controversial health system reforms being proposed by the minister of health, Green Party member Andrea Fischer.

Throughout the meeting, representatives of doctors' organisations criticised the government's health reforms, which …
The Libby Zion Case
Authors: Robin L. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 December 1991The Libby Zion CaseRobin L. Kaplan, MDRobin L. Kaplan, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-12-985_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Dr. Spritz provides an excellent summary and analysis of the Libby Zion case (1), and his separate analysis of the charges against the resident and the intern were most informative. However, I believe a few comments are appropriate.The first charge against the resident was that his diagnosis of "hysterical symptoms" was grossly negligent. It is well to note that the experts testifying on behalf of the resident and the state felt that the diagnosis may well have been a correct assessment of the patient's agitation. However, correctness alone should not be relied on as a sufficient...Reference1. Spritz N. Oversight of physicians' conduct by state licensing agencies: lessons from New York's Libby Zion case. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:219-22. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Spritz N. Oversight of physicians' conduct by state licensing agencies: lessons from New York's Libby Zion case. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:219-22. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Final Report of the New York State Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Emergency Services, New York State Department of Health, 1987. Google Scholar3. Mizrahi T. Getting Rid of Patients, Contradictions in the Socialization of Physicians. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press; 1986. Google Scholar1. Spritz N. Oversight of physicians' conduct by state licensing agencies: lessons from New York's Libby Zion case. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:219-22. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Spritz N. Oversight of physicians' conduct by state licensing agencies: lessons from New York's Libby Zion case. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:219-22. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 1940 North 13th Street Reading, PA 19604 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Functions of Sleep and the Effects of Sleep DeprivationCognition, Driving, and Sleep 15 December 1991Volume 115, Issue 12Page: 985-986 Issue Published: 15 December 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...