tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Voluntary, named testing for HIV in a community based antenatal clinic: a pilot study
Authors: I L Chrystie, C D A Wolfe, J Kennedy, L Zander, A Tilzey, P. J E Banatvala
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Despite the increasing advantages of identifying HIV infection in pregnant women, only some 12% of HIV positive women attending antenatal clinics in London have been identified by named testing. As virtually all antenatal care will be community based within the next two to three years, we assessed the problems of introducing named HIV testing during pregnancy into the primary care setting. Planning the service took a considerable time and required the production of educational material for both staff and pregnant women and some reorganisation of procedures. Over a one year period an uptake of 44% was noted. Several problems were encountered including an average of 21 minutes needed to give information on AIDS and HIV, an adverse effect on the midwife-mother relationship, and anxiety (affecting both women and midwives). Possible solutions to this difficult problem are discussed.
Prescription of heroin to treatment resistant heroin addicts: Treatment needs to be multifaceted
Authors: I. B Craighead
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Diagnosis of autism Adequate funding is needed for assessment services2][3] One important additional reason for such provision, which their review does not emphasise, is that well coordinated, multiagency assessment teams for autism spectrum disorders have a better chance of accurately not giving a diagnosis of it.Our multiagency assessment service for autism spectrum disorders has seen 57 patients in the past two years.We request baseline speech and language therapy and (where applicable) educational psychology assessments on the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder in all cases before patients are seen by our team, so as to ensure best use of clinical resources.Despite this approach only 26 patients (46%) deemed to be likely cases of autism spectrum disorder received a positive diagnosis.This is not due to overzealous interpretation of ICD-10 diagnostic criteria (which are increasingly recognised as being in urgent need of review), as we tend, if anything, to err in favour of diagnosis, even if ICD-10 (or DSM-IV) criteria, are not strictly fulfilled.Relevant agencies must receive adequate funding for implementing the national autism plan for children. 3This is to benefit not only the children and their families who are struggling with the often devastating impact of this disorder but also the depressingly high number of children whom, we suspect, will be wrongly, or inaccurately, given diagnoses, if assessment services for autism spectrum disorders do not improve.
Dose-Escalating Study of Capecitabine Plus Gemcitabine Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Richard L. Schilsky, Donna Bertucci, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Hedy L. Kindler, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The goals of this phase I study were to determine the maximum-tolerated doses of capecitabine and gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer and to describe the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and safety profile of this combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had advanced solid tumors that had failed to respond to standard therapy or for which no standard therapy was available, measurable or assessable disease, Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70%, and acceptable organ function. Capecitabine was administered twice daily by mouth each day for 21 consecutive days followed by a 1-week break. Gemcitabine was administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion weekly for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week break. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled onto the study, and 33 are fully assessable for toxicity. The most common toxicities during the first cycle of chemotherapy were neutropenia and mucositis. Only one patient treated at gemcitabine and capecitabine doses of 800 and 2000 mg/m2, respectively, met protocol-specified DLT criteria; however, at these doses 65% of successive cycles required dose reduction or delay for toxicity. No episodes of DLT were observed at gemcitabine and capecitabine doses of 1,000 and 1,660 mg/m2, respectively, and 70% of cycles of therapy were delivered without dose reduction or delay. Therefore, these doses are recommended for further study. Tumor responses were observed in patients with metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine and capecitabine can be combined with acceptable toxicity at nearly full doses. Antitumor activity of the combination merits further investigation in phase II studies.
A Lawyer Looks at the “Medical Malpractice Crisis”
Authors: Lymam M. Tondel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The medical profession, hospitals, and other health-care providers have borne a disproportionate share of the brunt of a combination of inadequacies, under late-twentieth-century conditions, in this country's tort-law and casualty-insurance systems. It is these inadequacies, combined, to be sure, with other factors peculiar to the health-care system, that have led to the "medical malpractice crisis." In consequence, facile solutions are not available.The tort-law system grew up in years when the population was much smaller, less urban, better acquainted and less litigious, when factual issues were ordinarily much less technical, and when underfinanced court facilities, including personnel, were more nearly . . .
Luminal vasopressin modulates transport in the rabbit cortical collecting duct.
Authors: Y Ando, K Tabei, Y Asano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We explored the action of luminal AVP in rabbit CCD perfused in vitro at 37 degrees C. Nanomolar concentrations of luminal AVP induced a sustained hyperpolarization of transepithelial voltage (Vt) in contrast to a transient hyperpolarization caused by basolateral AVP. 10 microM basolateral ouabain abolished the latter but not the former change in Vt. Despite a sustained hyperpolarization (from -20.7 +/- 2.9 to -34.1 +/- 4.7 mV; P less than 0.01), 10 nM luminal AVP only slightly altered net Na+ and K+ fluxes (7.6% stimulation and no significant change, respectively). Instead, luminal AVP appeared to modulate an acetazolamide-sensitive electrogenic ion transport because 200 microM basolateral acetazolamide suppressed the luminal AVP-induced hyperpolarization (percentage of Vt from -50.4 +/- 10.8 to -5.1 +/- 1.4; P less than 0.005). In terms of water transport, 10 nM luminal AVP did not change hydraulic conductivity (Lp, x 10(-7) cm/atm per s) (from 3.9 +/- 0.8 to 5.0 +/- 1.2), but suppressed the increase in Lp induced by 20 pM basolateral AVP (134.9 +/- 19.2 vs. 204.3 +/- 21.1 in control; P less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate distinct luminal action of AVP, suggesting amphilateral regulation of epithelial transport by AVP in the CCD.
Systemic Chemotherapy for Uterine Carcinoma: Metastatic and Adjuvant
Authors: Gini F. Fleming
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Article Tools Review Articles Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES ERRATA. September 21, 2016 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8431 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 17617530 Systemic Chemotherapy for Uterine Carcinoma: Metastatic and Adjuvant Gini F. FlemingxGini F. FlemingSearch for articles by this author Show More From the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8431 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2007 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Errata ERRATA
The prothrombin 3′end formation signal reveals a unique architecture that is sensitive to thrombophilic gain-of-function mutations
Authors: Sven Danckwardt, Niels H. Gehring, Gabriele Neu-Yilik, Patrick Hundsdoerfer, Margit Pforsich, Ute Frede, Matthias W. Hentze, Andreas E. Kulozik
Journal: Blood (2004)
Short communication: genetic variations of SLC2A9 in relation to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jianjun Gao, Hong Xu, Xuemei Huang, Honglei Chen
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2013)

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies showed that higher plasma urate was associated with lower risk for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and slower disease progression. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consistently showed that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the solute carrier family 2 member 9 gene ( SLC2A9 ) were associated with plasma urate concentration and the risk of gout. Methods We conducted a case–control study to examine twelve tag SNPs of the SLC2A9 gene in relation to PD among 788 cases and 911 controls of European ancestry. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived from logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, smoking and caffeine consumption. Results These SNPs were all in linkage disequilibrium (R 2 &gt; 0.7). None of them were associated with PD risk. Among women, however, there was a suggestion that the presence of the minor allele of one SNP (rs7442295) was related to a small increase in PD risk [OR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.01-2.16)]. Conclusion This study provides little support for genetic variations of SLC2A9 and PD risk.
For Dr. Williams*
Authors: Bonnie Salomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ad Libitum15 February 1998For Dr. Williams*Bonnie Salomon, MDBonnie Salomon, MDLutheran General Hospital; Park Ridge, IL 60068-1174Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The soulful touch, the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lutheran General Hospital; Park Ridge, IL 60068-1174Corresponding Author: Bonnie Salomon, MD, Lutheran General Hospital, 1775 Dempster Street, Park Ridge, IL 60068-1174. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 312KeywordsAddictsAspirinHipIschemiaKneesNursing homesPharyngitisSurgeryTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pressure-Mediated Hypertrophy and Mechanical Stretch Induces IL-1 Release and Subsequent IGF-1 Generation to Maintain Compensative Hypertrophy by Affecting Akt and JNK Pathways
Authors: Shoken Honsho, Susumu Nishikawa, Katsuya Amano, Kan Zen, Yasushi Adachi, Eigo Kishita, Akihiro Matsui, Asako Katsume, Shinichiro Yamaguchi, Kenichiro Nishikawa, Kikuo Isoda, David W.H. Riches, Satoaki Matoba, Mitsuhiko Okigaki, Hiroaki Matsubara
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale : It has been reported that interleukin (IL)-1 is associated with pathological cardiac remodeling and LV dilatation, whereas IL-1β has also been shown to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, the role of IL-1 in the heart remains to be determined. Objective : We studied the role of hypertrophy signal-mediated IL-1β/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 production in regulating the progression from compensative pressure-mediated hypertrophy to heart failure. Methods and Results : Pressure overload was performed by aortic banding in IL-1β–deficient mice. Primarily cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiac myocytes (CMs) were exposed to cyclic stretch. Heart weight, myocyte size, and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower in IL-1β–deficient mice (20%, 23% and 27%, respectively) than in the wild type 30 days after aortic banding, whereas interstitial fibrosis was markedly augmented. DNA microarray analysis revealed that IGF-1 mRNA level was markedly (≈50%) decreased in the IL-1β–deficient hypertrophied heart. Stretch of CFs, rather than CMs, abundantly induced the generation of IL-1β and IGF-1, whereas such IGF-1 induction was markedly decreased in IL-1β–deficient CFs. IL-1β released by stretch is at a low level unable to induce IL-6 but sufficient to stimulate IGF-1 production. Promoter analysis showed that stretch-mediated IL-1β activates JAK/STAT to transcriptionally regulate the IGF-1 gene. IL-1β deficiency markedly increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-3 activities and enhanced myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, whereas replacement of IGF-1 or JNK inhibitor restored them. Conclusions : We demonstrate for the first time that pressure-mediated hypertrophy and mechanical stretch generates a subinflammatory low level of IL-1β, which constitutively causes IGF-1 production to maintain adaptable compensation hypertrophy and inhibit interstitial fibrosis.
TCT-580 Impact of Calcified plaque evaluated by Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Side-branch occlusion after Main-branch stent implantation ABSTRACT
Authors: Yusuke Fujino, Guilherme F. Attizzani, Satoru Mitomo, Sunao Nakamura, Satoko Tahara, Kensuke Takagi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Assessment of a pilot antiretroviral drug therapy programme in Uganda: patients' response, survival, and drug resistance
Authors: Paul J Weidle, Samuel Malamba, Raymond Mwebaze, Catherine Sozi, Gideon Rukundo, Robert Downing, Debra Hanson, Dorothy Ochola, Peter Mugyenyi, Jonathan Mermin, Badara Samb, Eve Lackritz
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Does Hyperbaric Oxygen Enhance the Effect of Photodynamic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma? A Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: A. Maier, U. Anegg, F. Tomaselli, P. Rehak, O. Sankin, B. Fell, H. Renner, H. Pinter, F. M. Smolle-Jüttner, G. B. Friehs
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Experimental studies have shown that the cytotoxicity of porphyrins and related substances is mediated mainly by singlet oxygen and that hypoxic cells are less affected by porphyrins and light. In a clinical pilot study we assessed the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) under hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), compared with PDT under normobaric conditions, in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.After diagnostic work-up and staging, photosensitization in all patients was carried out using hematoporphyrine derivate (HpD) (2 mg/kg bodyweight 48 hours prior to PDT). We then applied light at 630 nm (KTP-Nd: YAG laser with DYE box) at dose of 300 J/cm, delivered by a fiber with a radial light-diffusing cylinder (length 1 cm), inserted through the biopsy channel of the endoscope. Of the patients, 14 (12 with stage III cancers, and two with stage IV cancers) were treated by PDT alone, and 17 patients (15 with stage III cancers, and two with stage IV cancers) received PDT under HBO at a level of 2 absolute atmospheric pressures (ATA). Transcutaneous PO2 levels of 500-750 mm Hg under HBO, compared with transcutaneous PO2 levels of 60-75 mm Hg under normobaric conditions, were measured.Improvements regarding dysphagia and stenosis diameter were obtained in both treatment arms with no significant differences (P = 0.36 and 0.14, respectively). The tumor length also decreased in both groups and showed a significant difference in favour of the PDT/ HBO group (P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier statistics showed median overall survival for the PDT group and the PDT/HBO group as 7.0 and 12 months respectively. The 12-month survival rate was 28.6% for the PDT group and 41.2% for the PDT/HBO group. Logrank test showed a difference in survival in favor of the PDT/HBO group (P = 0.059). No major treatment-related complication occurred, and the 30-day mortality rate was 0%.Combined PDT/HBO represents a new approach in the treatment of esophageal cancer which, in this pilot study, appears to have enhanced the efficiency of PDT.
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) pH and Cytokines Levels in Children with Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Authors: R. Tesse, F. Fiore, O. Sillecchia, M. Mastronardi, R. Procacci, D. Locantore, L. Armenio, L.M. Brunetti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
741 GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC MUTATIONS IN THE RT REGION OF HBV POLYMERASE POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED TO DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO ORAL ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: S. Mirandola, D. Campagnolo, G. Bortoletto, M. Marcolongo, L. Franceschini, A. Alberti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A pilot study of Ipilimumab in patients with stage IV melanoma receiving palliative radiation therapy
Authors: Susan Knox, Sunil Reddy, Susan M Hiniker, Susan Swetter, Lei Shura, Holden T Maecker
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Local palliative radiation therapy can be safely used in combination with anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. This therapy may have the potential to enhance the induction of systemic anti-melanoma immune responses, which will inhibit growth and kill melanoma cells in sites of established
Reduction by Cobra Venom Factor of Myocardial Necrosis after Coronary Artery Occlusion
Authors: Peter R. Maroko, Charles B. Carpenter, Massimo Chiariello, Michael C. Fishbein, Paulo Radvany, James D. Knostman, Sharon L. Hale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Components of the complement system are known to play an important role in the cytolytic process and in chemotaxis of leukocytes. Cobra venom factor specifically cleaves C3 activity via activation of the alternative (properdin) complement pathway. It does not act directly on C3. If C3 is involved in tissue necrosis after ischemic injury, cobra venom factor might reduce tissue damage after acute coronary occlusion. Accordingly, in 14 control dogs occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was carried out for 24 h. Epicardial electrograms were recorded 15 min after occlusion, and 24 h later transmural specimens for creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) and for histological analysis were obtained from the same sites. In another 14 experimental dogs, 20 U/kg cobra venom factor was given intravenously 30 min after occlusion. Serum complement levels fell within 2-4 h to <20% of normal. In the control dogs, the relationship between ST-segment elevation and CPK activity 24 h later was: log CPK = −0.06 ST + 1.48 (n = 111 specimens, 14 dogs, r = 0.77). In the experimental dogs, log CPK = −0.024 ST + 1.46 (n = 111 specimens, 14 dogs, r = 0.60), showing significantly different slopes (P < 0.001), i.e., less CPK depression for any level of ST-segment elevation. Histologically, 69 of 71 sites (97%) with ST-segment elevation exceeding 2 mV in the control dogs showed signs of necrosis 24 h later, whereas in the experimental group only 43 of 79 sites (54%) with abnormal ST-segment elevations showed signs of necrosis (P < 0.0005). At the same time, it was shown that the administration of cobra venom factor did not alter cardiac performance, collateral blood flow to the ischemic myocardium or the clotting system, but infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the myocardium was decreased. It is concluded that cobra venom factor, by reducing the amount of C3 and C5 substrate available for chemotactic factor generation, or other as yet undefined mechanisms, protects the ischemic myocardium from undergoing necrosis, as judged by histology and local CPK activity. Hence, a new approach to limiting the extent of myocardial infarcts after experimental coronary occlusion, based upon inhibition of complement-dependent inflammatory processes, is demonstrated.
Vitamin D Endocrinology
Authors: HECTOR F. DeLUCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Current status of our understanding of the metabolism of vitamin D and its implications in metabolic bone disease is reviewed. The details of metabolism of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver and its further conversion in the kidney to either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are presented. The latter conversions are regulated by the vitamin D status, serum calcium through the parathyroid gland system, and serum inorganic phosphorus concentration. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can now be regarded as a calcium- and a phosphate-mobilizing hormone and must be considered as one of the most important serum calcium-regulating hormones. Disruption of the vitamin D metabolic sequence or the signal system for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results in several bone and calcium metabolism disorders such as renal osteodystrophy, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D-dependency rickets. The use of the synthetic analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as well as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 itself in the management of these disease states is discussed.
A quarter of people living with HIV in the UK are unaware of it
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Public Health England has said that much more HIV testing is needed, as figures show that a quarter of people living with HIV in the United Kingdom are unaware of their infection.

HIV in the United Kingdom: 2014 Report said that an estimated 107 800 UK residents were living with HIV in 2013, up from 102 600 in 2012.1 A quarter of these people (26 100) were unaware of their infection and were at risk of passing on the virus through unprotected sex, the …
PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY IN PSYCHIATRIC EDUCATION: REPORT OF A SURVEY
Authors: WILLIAM F. KNOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

One hundred teaching centers in the U. S. and Canada were surveyed for attitudes and practices in regard to the teaching of the history of psychiatry; eighty-five responded. The "standard response" indicated a favorable attitude toward psychiatric history, and an effort to teach it by blending historical aspects with current material. (The pros and cons of methodology must be reserved for another paper.) Twenty-two of the U. S. centers surveyed, and 2 Canadian centers offer systematic courses in this subject to their residents. The average curriculum time devoted to history is 17 hours.2 Sixty-four centers reported that they integrate historical information with their presentations of current theories and techniques.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICLE TORSIONAL PARAMETERS BY TISSUE DOPPLER AND VELOCITY VECTOR IMAGING: COMPARISON OF THE TWO METHODS
Authors: Azin Alizadehasl, S. Zahra Ojaghi Haghighi, Anita Sadeghpour, Feridoun Noohi Bezanjani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Colonic Involvement in Adult Patients with Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura
Authors: G. Di Febo, G. Gizzi, G. Biasco, M. Miglioli
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura is a haemorrhagic syndrome, rare in the adult but well known in paediatric pathology. The clinical manifestations are usually: arthralgia, skin rash, renal and gastrointestinal involvement. Although the small bowel is more frequently involved, cases of oesophageal, gastroduodenal and colo-rectal localization have been rarely reported.