tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Hexachlorophene bathing of neonates
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

During 1971, reports of clinical experience and experiments on rats implicated hexachlorophene as a cause of serious brain damage.<sup>1,2</sup>Consequently, in February 1972, the Food and Drug Administration, the Committee on Fetus and Newborn of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Center for Disease Control issued a joint recommendation to restrict the use of hexachlorophene-containing preparations for daily bathing of newborn infants. In a recent issue of the<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>(129:595-599, 1975), Hyams et al reported the results of adhering to that pretentious pronouncement at the Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami. During the preceding 15 years, normal neonates had been routinely bathed with 3% hexachlorophene solution. When simple bar-soap bathing was substituted, colonization of infants by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>promptly ensued, and an epidemic of<i>S aureus</i>infections resulted. The authors admitted that factors other than withdrawal of hexachlorophene may have been responsible. Yet, when
Screening Strategies for Hemochromatosis
Authors: Jecko Thachil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters21 April 2009Screening Strategies for HemochromatosisJecko Thachil, MBBSJecko Thachil, MBBSFrom University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Phatak and colleagues (1) is timely and should encourage physicians to follow a logical approach in the screening and diagnosis of hemochromatosis. The authors recommend screening for a condition with substantial morbidity and mortality rather than not screening because of fears of psychological harm and discrimination due to genotype analysis. However, even if screening for hemochromatosis becomes accepted, physicians may choose HFE mutation studies as the initial test rather than the pragmatic method of phenotypic screening suggested in the article. Phatak and colleagues recommend measurement of fasting transferrin saturation and unsaturated iron-binding capacity as ...References1. Phatak PD, Bonkovsky HL, Kowdley KV. Hereditary hemochromatosis: time for targeted screening. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:270-2. [PMID: 18711158] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Adams PC, Reboussin DM, Press RD, Barton JC, Acton RT, Moses GC, et al. Biological variability of transferrin saturation and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. Am J Med. 2007;120:999.e1-7. [PMID: 17976429] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jecko Thachil, MBBSAffiliations: From University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHereditary Hemochromatosis: Time for Targeted Screening Pradyumna D. Phatak , Herbert L. Bonkovsky , and Kris V. Kowdley Screening Strategies for Hemochromatosis Pradyumna D. Phatak , Herbert L. Bonkovsky , and Kris V. Kowdley Metrics Cited byHemochromatosis (Iron Overload Disorders)Hemochromatosis 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8 Page: 566 Keywords Conflicts of interest Fear Ferritin Genetic testing Hematologic tests Hemochromatosis Morbidity Mortality Phenotypes Serum ferritin levels ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Patients, doctors, and sickness benefit
Authors: B. Nilsson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In the United Kingdom more than 2.7 million people of working age—about 7.5% of the working age population—are now claiming incapacity benefits. The number has more than trebled since the 1970s. Similar disturbing trends have been reported across Europe, at a time when all the other indicators are that general health is improving. Each person now claiming incapacity benefit began by asking their doctor for a sickness certificate.

As businesses increasingly prioritise corporate profit above any other considerations, the population becomes polarised between those who have no work and those who have too much. The growing number of people who are either unemployed ever increasing demands and expectation. “Leaner and fitter” organisations have cut staff to the minimum, increasing the stress on those who remain. The resulting feeling of loss of control has a negative effect on health. As soon as one person feels no longer able to cope and takes sick leave, the pressure on the remaining staff is ratcheted …
Human glioblastoma cells exposed to long-term hypoxia and nutrient starvation stimulated induction of secondary T-cell leukemia in mice
Authors: T Osawa, R Tsuchida, M Muramatsu, Y Yuasa, M Shibuya
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Human glioblastoma cells exposed to long-term hypoxia and nutrient starvation stimulated induction of secondary T-cell leukemia in mice
Suicide and the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Frank Winston
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In your issue of June 9, 1969, Dr. Lester<sup>1</sup>states that no one has yet speculated about the possible causes of an increase in attempted suicide during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Price et al<sup>2</sup>have shown that tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is disturbed just before the onset of menstruation. This possibility results in a shunting of available tryptophan away from the tryptamine and serotonin pathways as happens when a similar disturbance is caused by increased serum cortisol level.<sup>3,4</sup>While the shunt is effected in the latter case by activation of tryptophan pyrollase, in the former case it is probably brought about by creation of a functional pyridoxine deficiency as the metabolic disturbance along the kynurenine pathway is corrected by administration of supplementary pyridoxine.<sup>2</sup>Similar disturbances of tryptophan metabolism occur during pregnancy and in patients taking oral contraceptives.<sup>2</sup>
Fatigue Fracture of the Pelvis and the Lower Extremity
Authors: C. C. Wang, C. W. Lowrey, R. L. Severance
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

FATIGUE fracture, synonymously called march fracture, is a condition most commonly seen in recruits who are suddenly subjected to unaccustomed physical training. This entity was initially recorded by Briethaupt in 1855, and was overlooked in this country until 1939, when Roberts and Vogt1 described 12 so-called pseudofractures of the tibia. Since then, description of this condition has been generally limited to the European literature, and great interest was quickened in the early 1940's.2 3 4 From December, 1955, to May, 1958, inclusive, a total of 97 fatigue fractures of the pelvis and the lower extremity in 83 patients were observed at the . . .
Rhinovirus and severe asthma exacerbations requiring admission to hospital
Authors: K Ibrahim
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Venarske D, Busse WW, Griffin MR, et al. The relationship of rhinovirus-associated asthma hospitalizations with inhaled corticosteroids and smoking. J Infect Dis2006;193:1536–43 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Rhinovirus (RV) is the respiratory virus that has been most frequently associated with asthma exacerbations (40–60% using viral culture and molecular techniques in previous studies). This prospective, small, single centre study examined the role of RV in severe … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BInfect%2BDis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1086%252F503809%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16652282%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=jinfdis&resid=193/11/1536&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F9%2F827.2.atom
Complete Loss of PTEN Protein Expression Correlates with Shorter Time to Brain Metastasis and Survival in Stage IIIB/C Melanoma Patients with<i>BRAF</i>V600 Mutations
Authors: Amanda D. Bucheit, Guo Chen, Alan Siroy, Michael Tetzlaff, Russell Broaddus, Denai Milton, Patricia Fox, Roland Bassett, Patrick Hwu, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Alexander J. Lazar, Michael A. Davies
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Loss of function of PTEN is a frequent event in melanoma, particularly in tumors with BRAF(V600) mutations. The prevalence, pathologic features, and clinical outcomes associated with PTEN loss in patients with stage IIIB/C melanoma were interrogated to improve our understanding of the clinical significance of this molecular event.
TCT-819 Effect of Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation on Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Its Predictive Value for 30-day and 1-year survival
Authors: Karim El Chilali, Thomas Konorza, Fadi Al-Rashid, Polykarpos Patsalis, Bjoern Plicht, Daniel Wendt, Matthias Thielmann, Heinz Jakob, Raimund Erbel, Philipp Kahlert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The discrimination of type I and type II collagen and the label-free imaging of engineered cartilage tissue
Authors: Ping-Jung Su, Wei-Liang Chen, Tsung-Hsien Li, Chen-Kuan Chou, Te-Hsuen Chen, Yi-Yun Ho, Chi-Hsiu Huang, Shwu-Jen Chang, Yi-You Huang, Hsuan-Shu Lee, Chen-Yuan Dong
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Calcium channel blockers enhance cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and decrease total cholesterol accumulation in human aortic tissue.
Authors: O R Etingin, D P Hajjar
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which are used clinically for treatment of angina and hypertension, are known to inhibit calcium influx into arterial smooth muscle cells and thereby decrease smooth muscle cell contraction. In addition, they prevent cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation, the hallmark of human atherosclerosis, in arteries of cholesterol-fed animals by cellular mechanisms that remain undefined. To assess whether CCBs enhance CE hydrolysis and reduce CE accumulation in human arterial cells, we measured activities of the CE metabolic cycle in aortic tissues that were stripped of endothelial cells and adventitia from 35 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients who were treated with either nifedipine or diltiazem (n = 23) for several months demonstrated a threefold increase in arterial CE hydrolytic activities compared with untreated patients. This difference was independent of serum cholesterol levels, age, or treatment with other medications. No effects were observed on CE synthetic activity. Cyclic AMP levels in the aortic tissue of patients treated with CCBs were also significantly elevated twofold to threefold. In addition, both free and esterified cholesterol were significantly reduced in aortic tissue from patients taking CCBs compared with untreated patients. These data are the first to show that CCBs can increase CE hydrolysis in human aortic tissue by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP with resultant decrease in CE accumulation. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that CCBs can act as antiatherosclerotic agents in human tissue by mobilizing stored CE in the arterial wall.
Demonstration of hepatitis B virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the serum and the liver after spontaneous or therapeutically induced HBeAg to anti-HBe or HBsAg to Anti-HBs seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Marie-Anne Loriot, Patrick Marcellin, Eric Bismuth, Michèle Martinot-Peignoux, Nathalie Boyer, Claude Degott, Serge Erlinger, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The objective was to determine the proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B in whom hepatitis B virus DNA is demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction after HBeAg to anti-HBe or HBsAg to anti-HBs spontaneous or therapeutically induced seroconversion. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on serum 6 and 12 mo after HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion in 12 patients and 2, 6 and 12 mo after HBsAg to anti-HBs seroconversion in 13 patients. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on liver tissue after HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion in five patients and after HBsAg to anti-HBs seroconversion in one patient. Serum HBV DNA was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in 83% of patients 6 or 12 mo after HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion and in 58%, 31% and 15% of patients at 2, 6 and 12 mo, respectively, after HBsAg to anti-HBs seroconversion. Liver HBV DNA was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in all patients tested. Our results show that (a) a reduced level of hepatitis B virus replication persists in most of the patients after HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion and might be predictive of reactivation, and (b) in contrast, hepatitis B virus replication progressively disappears in most of the patients after HBsAg to anti-HBs seroconversion.
Selective hypercontraction caused by ergonovine in the canine coronary artery under conditions of induced atherosclerosis.
Authors: Y Kawachi, H Tomoike, Y Maruoka, Y Kikuchi, H Araki, Y Ishii, K Tanaka, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The relationship between the hypercontractile response of the regional coronary artery to ergonovine and induced vascular change after endothelial denudation and a high-cholesterol diet was examined in dogs by arteriographic (in situ) and mechanographic (in vitro) methods. In 15 mongrel dogs, selective endothelial denudation of either the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) or left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was repeated twice 1 month apart by means of coronary arterial catheterization. A high-cholesterol diet (20 g/day) was given thereafter for 3 (n = 15) and 6 (n = 8) months. Although there was no difference in the extent of coronary vasoconstriction between the LAD and LCX before or immediately after endothelial denudation, after intravenous administration of ergonovine a significant augmentation of coronary constriction along the denuded portion was noted arteriographically in the long-term phase (1 to 6 months). At the end of the study in vivo, isometric tension of the strips of the denuded and contralateral intact coronary arteries was measured during the cumulative addition of ergonovine, serotonin, or phenylephrine to the organ bath; agonist responses were standardized by the response to 35 mM KCl. Although the concentration-response relations for phenylephrine (10(-9) M to 10(-5) M) were not significantly different between intact and denuded arteries, responses of the denuded portion to cumulative addition of ergonovine (10(-10) M) or serotonin 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M) exhibited markedly depressed threshold concentrations along with a significantly lowered negative logarithm (pD2) of the dose producing 50% of the maximum effect. The tension developed in the denuded portion was also enhanced over that noted in the contralateral coronary artery during the cumulative addition of ergonovine but not during application of phenylephrine. Thus enhanced constriction documented arteriographically may be derived from the localized hypersensitivity to ergonovine. Microscopically, the endothelial denudation and a long-term high-cholesterol diet resulted in a regional intimal thickening with fibrous proliferation but little lipid deposition. Therefore smooth muscle in atherosclerotic arteries may be hypersensitive to specific agonists such as ergonovine and serotonin in a canine preparation. These results suggest that coronary spasm induced by ergonovine in humans is relevant to the presence of atherosclerotic changes in the vascular wall.
Translation of review body award should not be delayed
Authors: D. Carnall, L. Beecham, a. J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The delay in translating the review board award to clinical academic staff was criticised by the conference as being demoralising. Dr Peter Furness (Leicester) said that he had written to all the clinical academic staff in Leicestershire and this was the one topic on which they were all united.

The chairman of the Clinical Academic Staff Salaries Committee has …
Single-breath transfer factor in young healthy adults: 21% or 17.5% inspired oxygen?
Authors: H. Normand, C. Marie, A. Mouadil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

For the measurement of the single-breath transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide ( T L,CO,sb ), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends using a test gas with a 21% inspired fraction of oxygen ( F I,O 2 ) whereas the European Respiratory Society (ERS) expressly recommends 17–18% F I,O 2 . The ERS committee argues that with a higher concentration ( e.g. 21%) the alveolar fraction of oxygen (and accordingly T L,CO,sb ) “varies with the volume of the test gas which is inspired”, that is, presumably, in proportion to the volume of the test gas that is diluted in the alveolar volume. The current study measured T L,CO,sb and the transfer coefficient ( K CO,sb ) in duplicate in 67 healthy adults (age 17–23 yrs) using, in random order, an inspired gas containing either 17.5% or 21% oxygen. A correction was applied for carboxyhaemoglobin, in line with ATS recommendations. As expected, T L,CO,sb was higher with 17.5% F I,O 2 test gas compared with 21% F I,O 2 test gas (11.98±2.68 versus 11.38±2.56 mmol·min −1 ·kPa −1 , respectively) as well as K CO,sb (1.98±0.24 versus 1.90±0.23 mmol·min −1 ·kPa −1 , respectively). The ratio of T L,CO,sb measurements was strictly independent of the residual volume/total lung capacity ratio measured with plethysmography. Hence, the rationale used by the European Respiratory Society, which utilises a 17–18% inspired fraction of oxygen test gas for single-breath transfer of the lung for carbon monoxide measurements, would appear to be unwarranted in young healthy adults.
Metronidazole in prevention and treatment of bacteroides infections after appendicectomy.
Authors: A T Willis, I R Ferguson, P H Jones, K D Phillips, P V Tearle, R B Berry, R V Fiddian, D F Graham, D H Harland, D B Innes, W M Mee, R L Rothwell-Jackson, I Sutch, C Kilbey, D Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The frequency of non-clostridial anaerobic infection was studied in 95 patients who had undergone acute appendicectomy: 49 received prophylactic metronidazole and 46 received placebo. Anaerobic infection did not develop in any of the metronidazole-treated patients, but infections did develop in nine (19%) of the 46 controls. Metronidazole is conveniently administered by suppository to patients who cannot take oral drugs. Five patients with intra-abdominal infections caused by non-clostridial anaerobes were successfully treated with metronidazole.
Systemic effects of inhaled steroids
Authors: B J LIPWORTH
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Multidrug resistant tuberculosisWe read with interest the report by White and Moore-Gillon 1 on the resource implications of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the UK.We studied the outcome of 44 HIV negative patients with MDR-TB admitted to two tertiary care tuberculosis units in the Netherlands between 1985 and 1998. 2 3 Most (38 patients) had pulmonary tuberculosis.The mean admission period was 164 days and all patients received an individually tailored combination of antituberculosis drugs for a mean period of 608 days.We estimated the cost of treatment per patient to be US$60 000 which included admission fee, costs for outpatient visits, and the costs of drug provision.Although we did not include cost of toxicity monitoring and additional procedures, our costs compare favourably with those of White et al 1 (mean £60 000) and Mahmoudi 4 (mean US$180 000).In the Netherlands the number of patients with tuberculosis resistant to any antituberculous drugs is limited to 11%, and only 0.6% of the bacilli are MDR.Between 1993 and 1997 only 43 cases of MDR-TB were identified, of which 28% had received previous treatment for tuberculosis (Index Tuberculosis 1998, Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, 2000).This suggests that transmission of MDR bacilli rather than inadequate treatment contributes to the resistance problem in the Netherlands.In poor resource countries, directly observed short course chemotherapy of tuberculosis is generally recommended to prevent the occurrence of MDR-TB.We feel that new rapid molecular methods for detecting resistance should be developed to limit the period of potential (nosocomial and community) transmission of MDR bacilli and thus prevent the emergence of MDR-TB.Such tests should then be made available to poor resource countries at an aVordable price.
Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques. Volume I: Chromatography. Volume II: Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Charles Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1961)

If the ambitious paper chromatographer were to travel with notebook and camera to many of the famous institutions of science in London, Glasgow, Paris, and other cities, he would return with a detailed description of methods such as those delineated in the author's new pair of books. The first 4 chapters serve as a brief but pointed introduction to the subject, with emphasis on the practical details. Some attempt is made both in the introductory chapters and sporadically thereafter to integrate column chromatography into the discussion, but that subject is an unwelcome intruder. The methods described include separations of amino acids and many of their derivatives, other nitrogenous compounds such as indoles and imidazoles, purine and pyrimidine derivatives, sugars, steroids, drugs, and many other categories of compounds. In some cases, the details of the separations are followed by a section on clinical interpretations or applications. Some later chapters discuss applications
Abstract 1611: EGCG inhibits growth of human pancreatic tumors orthotopically implanted in BALB/c Nude mice through activation of FKHRL1/FOXO3a transcription factor.
Authors: Sharmila Shankar, Luke Marsh, Chris Jackman, Rakesh K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FOXO) play a major role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumorigenesis. The objectives of this study were to examine whether FKHRL1/FOXO3a modulates antitumor activity of EGCG in pancreatic cancer model in vivo. PANC-1 cells were orthotopically implanted into BALB/c Nude mice and gavaged with EGCG after tumor formation. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by Ki67 and TUNEL staining, respectively. FKHRL1 nuclear translocation, and DNA binding were measured by immunohistochemistry and gelshift assay, respectively. The expression of PI3K, AKT, ERK, and FOXO3a and its target genes were measured by the Western blot analysis. EGCG-treated mice showed significant inhibition in tumor growth which was associated with reduced phosphorylation of ERK, PI3K, AKT, FKHRL1/FOXO3a and expression of FOXO target genes. EGCG induced apoptosis by up-regulating Bim and activating caspase-3. EGCG inhibited markers of cell cycle (p27/KIP1), angiogenesis (CD31, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and HIF1α), and metastasis (MMP2 and MMP7). EGCG inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin, and Zeb1. These data suggest that EGCG inhibits pancreatic cancer orthotopic tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis which are associated with inhibition of PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways resulting in activation of FKHRL1/FOXO3a transcription factor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1611. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1611