tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative deep vein thrombosis and surgery for varicose veins
Authors: H. Bounameaux, O. Huber
Journal: BMJ (1996)

paper focused on discrimination in its widest sense and the hypothesis that this might explain differences in outcome.Thus we looked at two groups that had different risks of discrimination: people of Caribbean origin and white British people.Evidence suggests that Irish people are discriminated against in the United Kingdom,3 so we excluded them.We were interested in culture only as it might affect discrimination, which is consistent with our statement that we aimed to demarcate a white group that was "as culturally homogeneous...as possible to decrease difficulties in interpreting results."Azuonye highlights the problem of how to use data on the minority of patients of Caribbean origin who are not ofAfrican ancestry.Because we did not know what level of discrimination they would suffer and no systematic evidence exists, we set our criteria to include such patients.We were unable to assess this question as our sample contained only people ofAfrican ancestry.The paper in the Psychiatric Bulletin to which Azuonye refers relates to culture, not discrimina- tion.4It was aimed at helping researchers to choose the most appropriate variables when comparing ethnic groups.We believe that by using populations at differing levels of risk we chose the most appropriate variables.
Determinants of renal damage in rats with systemic hypertension and partial renal ablation
Authors: Edilia Tapia, Francis B. Gabbai, Consuelo Calleja, Martha Franco, José L. Cermeño, Norma A. Bobadilla, José M. Pérez, Juan A. Alvarado, Jaime Herrera-Acosta
Journal: Kidney International (1990)
479 Tim-3 ALTERS IL12/IL23 BALANCE AND DRIVES TH17 CELLS; ROLE IN HEPATITIS B VACCINE FAILURE DURING HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: J. Moorman, J.M. Wang, C.J. Ma, X. Wu, P. Thayer, P. Greer, A. McIntyre, K. High, Z.Q. Yao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion in a Young Adult
Authors: Martin M. Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Complete bilateral carotid artery occlusion in a young adult is unusual and, to our knowledge, it has not been previously reported. The patient had been receiving oral progestational agents for nine months prior to the onset of occlusion which produced clinical manifestations of a decerebrate state. Bilateral carotid angiography demonstrated bilateral carotid artery occlusion. At autopsy, arteriosclerotic plaques were found in the completely occluded carotid vessels. Hypercoagulability of the blood associated with the use of oral contraceptives and the arteriosclerotic plaques were probably the etiologic factors in producing the occlusion.
Adynamic Ileus Following Induced Hypertension
Authors: John Karnes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reference to the article by Chen et al<sup>1</sup>we have had a similar experience with adynamic ileus following deliberate hypotensive anesthesia. We discovered the condition to be most prevalent with a balanced anesthesia technique using sufentanil (1 μg/kg) with isoflurane (0.5% to 1% concentrations with 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen combination). The postoperative pain medication protocol was morphine sulfate (5 to 10 mg) with hydroxyzine (Vistaril) (25 to 50 mg) every two to four hours. Our investigation revealed that six of 20 patients developed adynamic ileus postoperatively. Upon reviewing the literature, we feel that our experience was similar to that described as "narcotic bowel syndrome" by Sandgren et al.<sup>2</sup>The syndrome occurs two to four days postoperatively, with the cessation of the narcotic treatment. By switching from sufentanil to fentanyl we have eliminated this syndrome.
Study of genetic variants in common cancers paves way for targeted screening
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Scientists studying the genomes of people with and without three common cancers have identified more than 80 new genetic variants that distinguish the two groups. The scientists, who are based at Cambridge University, London’s Institute of Cancer Research, and elsewhere, believe that their findings will eventually allow screening programmes to be targeted at people most at risk of these cancers.

The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK. It compared DNA from more than 100 000 healthy people with that from another 100 000 people with cancer. A commentary on the work and its implications for public …
Is the determination of myocardial perfusion necessary to evaluate the success of reperfusion when the infarct-related artery is open?
Authors: S Kaul, F S Villanueva
Journal: Circulation (1992)

hen anterograde flow is restored to an oc- cluded coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is gen- erally presumed that flow is also restored to the myo- cardium.The article by Ito et all in this issue of Circulation reports that myocardial perfusion is absent in about one fourth of their population of patients with AMI despite reflow being achieved in the occluded vessel within 6 hours of onset of symptoms.In this study, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was used
Hydrallazine-induced SLE-like syndrome presenting as a leg ulcer.
Authors: M W Kissin, R C Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

We believe that hypercalcaemia after tamoxifen may signify tumour response and be a reason for continuing with tamoxifen and treating the hypercalcaemia.This is supported by a report of tamoxifen "flare" in metastatic breast cancer and the observation that acute exacerbation of bone pain in patients with breast cancer after tamoxifen may be associated with tumour response.'5The mechanism of tamoxifeninduced tumour response needs further investigation, since acute hypercalcaemia is not seen in patients responding to chemotherapy or oophorectomy.
Visceral Factors in Shock
Authors: Jerrold K. Longerbeam
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IRREVERSIBLE SHOCK in the dog whether due to hemorrhage, endotoxins, epinephrine, or occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery is associated with characteristic visceral pathology of which acute hemorrhagic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa is the principal and most striking pathological finding.<sup>1, 2</sup>Although pathological changes are also found in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, these changes are usually mild, frequently variable, and cannot be related directly to mortality. The opposite is true of the small bowel lesion, and measures which ameliorate or prevent the bowel lesions also prevent the death of the dog. This similarity of gross pathological changes in various types of shock suggests that at some stage there are common physiological derangements which cause deleterious effects in the intestine. This common denominator in irreversible shock in the dog is believed by the authors to be a mechanical limitation of blood flow to the intestine of
Single-agent GVHD prophylaxis with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide after myeloablative, HLA-matched BMT for AML, ALL, and MDS
Authors: Christopher G. Kanakry, Hua-Ling Tsai, Javier Bolaños-Meade, B. Douglas Smith, Ivana Gojo, Jennifer A. Kanakry, Yvette L. Kasamon, Douglas E. Gladstone, William Matsui, Ivan Borrello, Carol Ann Huff, Lode J. Swinnen, Jonathan D. Powell, Keith W. Pratz, Amy E. DeZern, Margaret M. Showel, Michael A. McDevitt, Robert A. Brodsky, Mark J. Levis, Richard F. Ambinder, Ephraim J. Fuchs, Gary L. Rosner, Richard J. Jones, Leo Luznik
Journal: Blood (2014)
Salicylamide sulfate cell entry in perfused rat liver: A multiple-indicator dilution study
Authors: Xin Xu, Andreas J. Schwab, Ford Barker Iii, Carl A. Goresky, Sandy K. Pang
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The hepatocellular entry of salicylamide sulfate conjugate, which binds to both red blood cells and albumin, was examined with the multiple-indicator dilution technique in the perfused rat liver, with medium containing both 20% red cells and 1% albumin (set A), red cells only (set B), albumin only (set C) and neither red cells nor albumin (set D). [14C]Salicylamide sulfate, 51Cr-labeled red cells (a vascular reference), 125I-labeled albumin, [3H]sucrose or [58Co] ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (high and low molecular weight interstitial references, respectively) and 3H2O or D2O (a cellular reference) were injected as a bolus into the portal vein. Among all sets of outflow data, the earliest immediate vascular recoveries for the [14C] salicylamide sulfate were lower than those for the vascular reference. For sets A and B, the upslopes precessed those for the 58Co-EDTA curve, then crossed over the 58Co-EDTA curves, with lower magnitude peaks occurring at the same time as those for labeled albumin, whereas for sets C and D, in which red cells were absent, the upslopes of [14C]salicylamide sulfate lagged behind those for labeled albumin and [3H]sucrose, reaching lower magnitude peaks coincidental in time with those for labeled sucrose. The precession of the [14C]salicylamide sulfate curve over 58Co-EDTA or [3H]sucrose in the presence (sets A and B) but not in the absence (sets C and D) of red cells and the absence of precession with albumin alone (set C) suggest that a red cell effect on the upslope is more evident than that for albumin. For all experiments, the downslopes of the sulfate curve crossed over those of the labeled red cells, albumin, 58Co-EDTA and sucrose curves and then the water curve at around the peak. The downslopes of the [14C]salicylamide sulfate were similar to those for labeled water, suggesting rapid cellular influx and efflux of salicylamide sulfate. Quantitative evaluation with a barrier-limited space-variable transit-time model for rapidly equilibrating red cell and albumin binding accounted for the upslope effects on [14C]salicylamide sulfate behavior and demonstrated its relatively high liver cell permeability. Values for the unbound permeability surface area product (0.029 to 0.036 ml sec-1.gm-1) were not different, regardless of the presence or absence of red cells and albumin, and slightly exceeded values for hepatic blood flow (0.0186 +/- 0.0016 ml sec-1.gm-1). Comparable influx (0.083 to 0.14 sec-1) and efflux (0.10 to 0.18 sec-1) coefficients were obtained, suggesting rapid cellular entry and efflux of salicylamide sulfate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Acquired Fistula between the Esophagus and the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Robert B. Mellins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE appearance at the Johns Hopkins Hospital of the following case of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula,‡ the etiology of which was difficult to ascertain, has prompted a review of the literature on this subject. An analysis of all such cases seen at this hospital during the past twenty-five years was also undertaken, and a discussion of the pathogenesis of the disease is contained in this paper.In 1898, Sirot1 collected 143 cases of tracheoesophageal fistula. Forty-eight per cent of the fistulas were caused by neoplasms, 12 per cent by inflammatory lesions and 9 per cent by foreign bodies; in 25 per . . .
Detecting suboptimal effort in concussion management settings with the axon sports CCAT
Authors: Andrea G Louey, Paul Maruff, Jason A Cromer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective Accurate concussion management relies on the integrity of baseline and after injury assessments to reflect actual cognitive abilities. This study assessed performance differences in optimal versus malingering conditions, and evaluated the ability of embedded effort indicators in the Axon Sports Computerised Cognitive Assessment Tool (CCAT) to detect suboptimal effort. Design Within-subject, randomised, with Optimal and Feigned impairment conditions. Setting Cognitive testing with the CCAT was completed at a university clinic. Subjects A healthy adult sample aged between 16 and 30 years. Intervention Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) Practice-Optimal-Feigned or (2) Practice-Feigned-Optimal. All subjects were instructed to perform to the best of their abilities during the Practice and Optimal test sessions, and were instructed to feign a malingering condition where they were seeking compensation for a head injury in the Feigned test session. Outcome Measurements Mean reaction times and accuracy scores on each of the four CCAT tasks for the Optimal versus Feigned conditions. Overall test validity and individual integrity criteria on the CCAT for assessment of the embedded effort indictors. Results Subjects displayed reduced reaction times and decreased accuracy during the Feigned condition versus the Optimal condition. The CCAT had 100% sensitivity identifying intentional suboptimal effort in this sample, with 93% specificity. Conclusions Identifiable changes in cognitive performance occurred when subjects feigned impairment during cognitive testing. Embedded effort indicators in the CCAT detected this suboptimal effort with exception sensitivity. Acceptable results on CCAT baseline testing reflect tests where subjects were not malingering. Competing interests Drs Maruff and Cromer are full time employees of CogState, Ltd, manufacturer of the Axon Sports CCAT.
AN EVALUATION OF SUBCOMA INSULIN THERAPY
Authors: DONALD C. GREAVES, PETER F. REGAN, LOUIS J. WEST
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

In contrast with the accepted definition and efficacy of coma insulin therapy, the status of subcoma therapy is still not clear. From 1942 to 1952, subcoma insulin therapy at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic was considered to be that which produced a hypoglycemia sufficient to cause clouded consciousness lasting 45-60 minutes, but stopping short of coma. It has been used in the treatment of 212 patients during this period. There was improvement in 79.7% of 133 schizophrenic patients, and in 76.9% of 26 patients with affective illnesses. It appears that, in the treatment of certain psychopathologic reactions which occur in schizophrenic and less frequently in manic and depressed patients, subcoma insulin is a useful form of therapy. The psychopathologic reactions which are affected favorably by this treatment are catatonic excitements with marked fear, depression, or elation; acute paranoid reactions with fear, incoherence, elation, or depression; schizophrenic episodes of excessive anxiety; manic excitements with marked anger or sexual excitement; and panic phases in depressive illnesses. Catatonic stupors with marked fear reacted favorably. It should be emphasized that, while many distressing symptoms can be controlled or relieved by insulin, the underlying illness is not necessarily altered.
Perinatal Immunotoxicity: Why Adult Exposure Assessment Fails to Predict Risk
Authors: Rodney R. Dietert, Michael S. Piepenbrink
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Recent research has pointed to the developing immune system as a remarkably sensitive toxicologic target for environmental chemicals and drugs. In fact, the perinatal period before and just after birth is replete with dynamic immune changes, many of which do not occur in adults. These include not only the basic maturation and distribution of immune cell types and selection against autoreactive lymphocytes but also changes designed specifically to protect the pregnancy against immune-mediated miscarriage. The newborn is then faced with critical immune maturational adjustments to achieve an immune balance necessary to combat myriad childhood and later-life diseases. All these processes set the fetus and neonate completely apart from the adult regarding immunotoxicologic risk. Yet for decades, safety evaluation has relied almost exclusively upon exposure of the adult immune system to predict perinatal immune risk. Recent workshops and forums have suggested a benefit in employing alternative exposures that include exposure throughout early life stages. However, issues remain concerning when and where such applications might be required. In this review we discuss the reasons why immunotoxic assessment is important for current childhood diseases and why adult exposure assessment cannot predict the effect of xenobiotics on the developing immune system. It also provides examples of developmental immunotoxicants where age-based risk appears to differ. Finally, it stresses the need to replace adult exposure assessment for immune evaluation with protocols that can protect the developing immune system.
Developing economies shrink as AIDS reduces workforce
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The economies of poor countries hit by the AIDS epidemic are shrinking each year as millions of people are lost to the workforce through death or disability, the International Labour Organization said in a report this week.

The report, which was presented at the international AIDS conference this week, found that 36.5 million people of working age have HIV or AIDS and that by 2005 the global workforce will have lost 28 million workers to AIDS since the epidemic started.

Without access to life lengthening antiretroviral drugs two million workers with AIDS around the world will …
Dietary Factors Determining Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A 20-year follow-up of the Finnish and Dutch cohorts of the Seven Countries Study
Authors: Edith J Feskens, Suvi M Virtanen, Leena Räsänen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jari Stengård, Juha Pekkanen, Aulikki Nissinen, Daan Kromhout
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of diet as a predictor of glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At the 30-year follow-up survey of the Dutch and Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, in 1989/1990, men were examined according to a standardized protocol including a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Information on habitual food consumption was obtained using the cross-check dietary history method. Those 338 men in whom information on habitual diet was also available 20 years earlier were included in this study. Subjects known as having diabetes in 1989/1990 were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS Adjusting for age and cohort, the intake of total, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol 20 years before diagnosis was higher in men with newly diagnosed diabetes in the survey than in men with normal or impaired glucose tolerance. After adjustment for cohort, age, past body mass index, and past energy intake, the past intake of total fat was positively associated with 2-h postload glucose level (P &amp;lt; 0.05). An independent inverse association with the past intake of vitamin C was observed (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These associations were independent of changes in the intake of fat and vitamin C during the 20-year follow-up. An increase in the consumption of vegetables and legumes, potatoes, and fish during the 20-year follow-up was inversely related with 2-h glucose level (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the regression coefficients were in general not very large, these results indicate that a high intake of fat, especially that of saturated fatty acids, contributes to the risk of glucose intolerance and NIDDM. Foods such as fish, potatoes, vegetables, and legumes may have a protective effect. In addition, the observed inverse association between vitamin C and glucose intolerance suggests that antioxidants may also play a role in the development of derangements in glucose metabolism.
Role of Nitric Oxide and Its Interaction With Superoxide in the Suppression of Cardiac Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Yi-Wu Xie, Michael S. Wolin
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO); superoxide anion (O2.d-); the reaction product of NO with O2.d-, peroxynitrite (ONOO-); and ischemia/reperfusion have all been reported to inhibit respiration in isolated mitochondria. However, the specific species involved in the inhibition of respiration in intact tissues are poorly understood.O2 consumption in isolated cardiac muscle from bovine calf hearts was quantified by use of a Clark-type electrode. Exogenous and endogenous sources of NO, from S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and bradykinin or carbachol, reversibly inhibited respiration, whereas the O2.- releasing agent, pyrogallol (PG), inhibited respiration in a manner that was only partially reversed when examined 15 minutes after the removal of PG. The generation of ONOO- with SNAP + PG caused a potentiation of the O2(-)-elicited inhibition of respiration when examined 15 minutes after the removal of the ONOO- generating system. Tiron (a scavenger of O2.-) did not alter the actions of SNAP, but it attenuated the direct inhibitory effects of PG +/- SNAP and essentially eliminated the suppression of respiration observed 15 minutes after removal of the O2.- or ONOO- generating system. Urate (a scavenger of ONOO-) antagonized only the actions of PG + SNAP. After exposure of muscle slices to a model of hypoxia (15 minutes) and reoxygenation (10 minutes), respiratory inhibition was observed. This reoxygenation-induced inhibition was potentiated by L-arginine, the substrate for NO biosynthesis, and was markedly blocked by nitro-L-arginine (an NO synthase inhibitor), Tiron, or urate.The potentially physiological reversible regulation of respiration in cardiac muscle by NO is converted to an effect that does not show rapid reversibility under conditions in which ONOO- forms, and this could contribute to cardiac dysfunction in situations such as hypoxia/reoxygenation.
A MEANS OF INCREASING THE TUBERCULOSTATIC EFFECT OF KNOWN CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Authors: B. Eiseman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

By incorporating a known tuberculostatic agent on one end of a surface-active molecule, an increased in vitro effect on the tubercle bacillus has been obtained. This activity is presumably due to the concentration of the drug molecules at or beneath the mycobacterial cell boundary. Whether the surface-active drug actually penetrates the lipid, or lipoprotein complex that is so characteristic of the mycobacteria is only problematic. According to comparable purely physical-chemical experiments, such a penetration is quite likely. Increase in tuberculostatic effect of over 1000-fold has been attained by rendering surface-active the drugs included in this study. The quantitative evaluation of this increase in activity has been obtained by measuring drug action both when its surface-active properties are functional, and when these properties have been selectively abolished by a specific surface-active antagonist. It is believed that the molecular orientation of a surface-active drug about a bacterial cell accounts for one component of its antibacterial action. Certain previously described surface-active antituberculous drugs and antibiotics have been examined in light of this interpretation. It may be anticipated that the more potent tuberculostatic drugs such as streptomycin could be made more effective by incorporating the molecule into a surface-active compound, according to the principles herein described.