tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ANTIGENIC COMPLEX OF STREPTOCOCCUS HÆMOLYTICUS
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. Type-specific anaphylactic shock was produced with HCI extracts of Streptococcus haemolyticus in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antibacterial sera. 2. With occasional sera and certain HCl extracts, type-specific shock was not produced unless the serum was first absorbed with heterologous bacteria or unless the guinea pigs were desensitized with heterologous extracts before testing with the homologous extract. The findings indicated that this was due to the presence of the non-type-specific substance which has been provisionally designated as Y. 3. Tryptic digestion destroyed the ability of HCI extracts containing the type-specific M substance and the non-type-specific Y substance to produce anaphylactic shock in passively sensitized guinea pigs. 4. Active sensitization was not accomplished with the type-specific M. It seems probable, therefore, that this substance is a hapten, reacting with antibodies but not stimulating their production after separation from the bacterial cell.
IGF-1 Modulates N and L Calcium Channels in a PI 3-Kinase-Dependent Manner
Authors: Lesley A.C Blair, John Marshall
Journal: Neuron (1997)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been associated with proliferation in non-neural cells, although they are also expressed in postmitotic neurons. We demonstrate that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induces within seconds a large, tyrosine- kinase-dependent increase in calcium channel currents in cerebellar granule neurons. Separation of channel subtypes reveals that, while P, Q, and R channels are unaffected, N and L channel activities are strongly potentiated at specific membrane voltages: N currents triple at depolarized potentials, while L currents rapidly increase 4-fold at hyperpolarized potentials. Moreover, transient expression of dominant-negative and wild-type phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase) subunits, as well as application of specific inhibitors, demonstrates that PI 3-kinase is an essential and rate-limiting messenger in this signaling pathway. Our results indicate that N and L calcium channels are downstream targets of neuronal RTKs and suggest that RTK modulation may control calcium-dependent processes, such as neurotransmitter release and IGF-1-dependent differentiation or survival.
BACTERIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: Simon Flexner
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone action
Authors: A. C. Bianco, B. W. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The deiodinases activate or inactivate thyroid hormone, and their importance in thyroid hormone homeostasis has become increasingly clear with the availability of deiodinase-deficient animals. At the same time, heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the type 2 deiodinase can be an important component in both the Hedgehog signaling pathway and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1-mediated (GPBAR1-mediated) signaling cascade. The discovery of these new roles for the deiodinases indicates that tissue-specific deiodination plays a much broader role than once thought, extending into the realms of developmental biology and metabolism.
GYNECOLOGIC PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENCE
Authors: EMIL NOVAK
Journal: JAMA (1941)

No sharp time limits can be fixed for the period of adolescence, which represents a transition phase between puberty and full maturity. The latter themselves are periods subject to no fixed chronological laws. The changes of puberty involve far more fundamental phenomena than the mere appearance of the first menstruation (menarche). Many of these phenomena are carried over into adolescence. As a matter of fact, the gynecologic and endocrine problems of adolescence are essentially those of puberty. Moreover, they are practically all of endocrine causation, emphasizing again, if it needs further emphasis at the present day, how fundamental a role endocrinology plays in modern gynecologic practice. Important as are the endocrines in the anatomic and physiologic phenomena of adolescence, there is one other factor which can never be overlooked in the interpretation of functional disorders at this epoch. I refer to the psychologic element. Even in the minds of the
E. Fannie Freedman, MD
Authors: Rachel Donner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SCHIZOPHRENIA IN A PATIENT WITH GAUCHER'S DISEASE TREATED WITH MODIFIED ECT
Authors: JAMES F. SUESS, HARRY LITTLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

This method can be used with ECT and succinylcholine chloride for maximum muscular relaxation when pentothal or "petit mal technic" to avert anxiety is contraindicated because of liver damage or fragile bony structure as in the present case of Gaucher's disease. The average person can hold his breath for 20-30 seconds without difficulty, especially if he has received several oxygen inhalations beforehand. Thus, he would not be aware of the temporary respiratory paralysis. Correct timing and the patient's confidence are most important in the breath holding routine described. We have tried it in several other less complicated cases with excellent results.
Dedifferentiation of atrial cardiomyocytes: from in vivo to in vitro
Authors: J Ausma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by Rucker-Martin et al. [3] ( pages 38 -52)2 .Structural remodeling of atrial myocytes in this issue.Apart from clear degenerative changes in fibrillating atria of patients which have been reported earlier by the same group and others [4,5], the present study shows that 1 .Introduction in such patients remodeling of the myocyte structure (dedifferentiation) and the surrounding connective tissue Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by extensive occurs.Structural hallmarks of dedifferentiation are electrical and structural remodeling [1,2].The latter as-myolysis, glycogen accumulation, dispersion of nuclear pects have been associated with cardiomyocyte dedifferen-chromatin, changes in mitochondrial shape and size and tiation because of the phenotypic similarities with fetal loss of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules.All changes cardiomyocytes.The paper of in are accompanied by important alterations in the expression this issue describes the dedifferentiation of atrial myocytes and organization of structural proteins such as a-smooth both in vivo and in vitro and emphasizes the role of muscle actin, titin, myosin heavy chain, troponin, desmin fibroblasts in the maintenance of the dedifferentiated state [6][7][8].of the cardiomyocytes.The authors report that in biopsiesThe possible common trigger for these events might be 21 21
Autonomous Proliferation of Leukemic Cells in Vitro as a Determinant of Prognosis in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bob Lowenberg, Wim van Putten, Ivo P. Touw, Ruud Delwel, Valeria Santini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

A characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia is the frequent ability of the leukemic cells to sustain their own proliferation in vitro. To determine the clinical importance of this property, we measured the uptake of tritiated thymidine by leukemic cells in serum-free and cytokine-free cultures as a means of determining the rate of spontaneous proliferation in 114 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Proliferation was then classified according to three quantitative levels of activity and related to overall survival and to treatment outcome (the response to treatment, the actuarial probability of relapse, and disease-free survival) in 91 patients who were treated with chemotherapy to induce remission.
Oral History of Twenty-Five Years of American Cardiology: Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the American College of Cardiology 1949-1974
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

When we listen to 37 leading contemporary cardiologists summarize their contributions to the last quarter century of cardiovascular progress and voice their gratitude to their teachers and their interdependence upon one another, we realize why so much has been accomplished so quickly. Practical cardiac surgery, effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, electronic pacemakers, prosthetic devices for use within the heart and vascular system have all been brought into general use by this generation and much of it by the speakers in this history. Apparently never before has there been such widespread cooperation, teamwork, and recognition of mutual interdependence as described by these people speaking on magnetic tapes. Almost everyone made cross reference to other cardiologists without whose help, he could not have succeeded. Critical timing in career development, the benefits of free communication, appreciation for the value of financial support, individual latitude under senior guidance, all are described in these tapes. They show
Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Health Care
Authors: Kenton L. Burns
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Health costs in the US have risen at astronomic rates, rising from 4.6% of the GNP in 1950 to 8.3% in 1975. Yet, despite the compounding costs of medical care, the health of the population has not improved significantly since 1950, when viewed from the standpoint of increased longevity or decrease in the incidence of the major causes of death and disability. Increasingly, the consensus is developing that there is no failure of the biomedical model, but a failure of emphasis in preventive medicine on the responsibility of the individual to maintain health-enhancing habits and lifestyle. Viewed from the widening perspectives on the relationships between health, environment and behavior, the term 'psychosomatic' takes on a far broader meaning than it has traditionally encompassed. A holistic view of man in public thought is becoming not only possible but imperative. Translating knowledge of health-destructive factors into action will require activity at many levels, including the administrative, political and legislative. In the area of individual habit and lifestyle, change must come about through innovative experimental approaches to education and behavior change. Social learning theory is an area of the behavioral sciences which seeks to elucidate how behaviors are learned and their performance affected through the social environment. Highly potent influences in the development and maintenance of behavior, such as modeling and social reinforcement, can be evaluated for their affects on health-related attitudes and behavior, from within the nuclear family, through larger social groups up to the mass media. Once some understanding of these processes is attained, efforts can be undertaken at many levels to counter negative health habits and to implement health-enhancing influences. Examples of recent interventions utilizing social learning concepts to alter health risk factors and enhance self-management practices are discussed, as are some priorities for research. In a society which is becoming increasingly dependent upon organized medicine for the maintenance of its health, a planned offensive on personal illness management skills and deleterious health habits is unquestionably a priority, and one to which the behavioral sciences can greatly contribute.
Prolonged preseasonal treatment phase with Grazax sublingual immunotherapy increases clinical efficacy
Authors: M. A. Calderon, A. O. Birk, J. S. Andersen, S. R. Durham
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Sublingual immunotherapy treatment with grass allergen tablets (Grazax ® ) is initiated preseasonally without up‐dosing and treatment is continued throughout the entire grass pollen season. Aims of the study: The influence of the duration of preseasonal treatment on clinical efficacy obtained within the grass pollen season was investigated. Methods: Data from three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre trials with varying preseasonal treatment periods were analysed. In the grass pollen season, symptom and medication score reductions relative to placebo were calculated and correlated with the duration of the preseasonal treatment period. Results: The analysis was based on data from 934 patients. A significant reduction in seasonal daily rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores (17%, CI: 1–33% and 23%, CI: 1–47%, P &lt; 0.05) was observed for patients treated with Grazax ® compared with placebo after approximately 8 weeks of pretreatment. The magnitude of the reductions in rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores increased with longer duration of preseasonal treatment ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Sublingual immunotherapy with Grazax ® must be initiated at least 8 weeks prior to the grass pollen season to provide a significant clinical efficacy. A longer preseasonal treatment period (&gt;8 weeks) improves the clinical efficacy (relative to placebo) during the grass pollen season.
Book Review Handbook of Contact Dermatitis Edited by Matthias Gebhardt, Peter Elsner, and James G. Marks, Jr. 263 pp., illustrated. London, Martin Dunitz, 2000. $69.95. 1-85317-801-2 Immunology and Drug Therapy of Allergic Skin Diseases (Progress in Inflammation Research.) Edited by C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen and E.F. Knol. 204 pp. Boston, Birkhauser, 2000. $129. 3-7643-5970-6
Authors: Joyce Rico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
... But There Are Always Miracles
Authors: Nancy Y. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Jack Willis didn't die from the freak surfing accident that broke his neck, but the neurosurgeons believed he would never walk again, that he might be a quadriplegic. Willis and his wife Mary, writing alternate chapters, record the painful, nearly intolerable hospitalization that restored him. With the elusive hope of "return" alternately sustaining them and making each day an eternity, Mary and Jack try to get through the weeks of waiting for return. This is a book about the impact of a critical accident on two lives. The focus is on the hospital experience, narrowed to the hospital bed itself, to the tubes, the pain, the tedium, the resentment of feeling like a medical object instead of a human being. Jack worries about dependency, about ever working again. Mary hates the hospital's impersonal control over their lives. They are afraid of what the accident has done to their lives. Miraculously,
Pilot study of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia
Authors: Alan D. Kritz, George Raptis, Celia Menendez-Botet, Peter Maslak, Ann Jakubowski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and carboplatin (CBDCA) are two agents which have demonstrated antileukemic activity in a number of phase I-II trials. Their mechanisms of action and pharmacology related to cell resistance suggested suitability for combination therapy. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of this combination in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia. A total of 21 patients was enrolled. 5-azacytidine, at doses ranging from 50–150 mg/m2/day, was administered as a 2-hr infusion for 5 consecutive days. On day 3, patients began a 5-day course of CBDCA given as a 24-hr continuous intravenous infusion of 250 mg/m2/day. There were no complete remissions with this regimen. Although there were three partial responses, these were generally of short duration. Nonhematologic toxicities were mild. No correlation was seen between response and serum platinum levels. These results demonstrate that the 5-AZA/CBDCA combination is ineffective therapy for heavily pretreated patients with acute leukemia. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Morphine Hypersensitivity in Kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Kermit H. Katz, Harold L. Chandler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE benefits derived from the therapeutic use of morphine in a wide variety of clinical disorders are well appreciated and properly exploited by physicians. At the same time it is recognized that a small but important group of diseases may be aggravated by morphine. This phenomenon may be entirely separate from any individual allergic reaction and applies, potentially, to all persons suffering from such diseases. Mechanical obstruction in the bronchial tree, bronchial asthma and myxedema represent common examples of diseases falling within this category in which the use of morphine is contraindicated.Much less well known as a serious contraindication . . .
Distinct roles for the NF-κB1 (p50) and c-Rel transcription factors in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Ian K. Campbell, Steve Gerondakis, Kristy O’Donnell, Ian P. Wicks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease, with contributions from systemic autoimmunity and local inflammation. Persistent synovial joint inflammation and invasive synovial pannus tissue lead to joint destruction. RA is characterized by the production of inflammatory mediators, many of which are regulated by the Rel/NF-κB transcription factors. Although an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases, Rel/NF-κB is involved in normal physiology, thus global inhibition could be harmful. An alternate approach is to identify and target the Rel/NF-κB subunits critical for components of disease. To assess this, mice with null mutations in c-rel or nfkb1 were used to examine directly the roles of c-Rel and p50 in models of acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis. We found c-Rel–deficient mice were resistant to collagen-induced arthritis but had a normal response in an acute, destructive arthritis model (methylated BSA/IL-1 induced arthritis) suggesting c-Rel is required for systemic but not local joint disease. In contrast, p50-deficient mice were refractory to induction of both the chronic and acute arthritis models, showing this subunit is essential for local joint inflammation and destruction. Our data suggest Rel/NF-κB subunits play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and may provide a rationale for more specific therapeutic blockade of Rel/NF-κB in RA.
A MECHANICAL DEVICE THAT PRODUCES UNIFORM DISPERSION OF BLOOD CELLS IN THE DILUTING PIPET
Authors: W. Ray Bryan
Journal: JAMA (1934)

A study of the reports of leukocyte counts reveals contradictions and discrepancies that are clearly the result of faulty technic. A systematic study has revealed that a significant source of error is the failure to obtain a uniform dispersion of blood cells in the diluting pipet, which is reflected in variations of the numbers of cells as well as in their uneven distribution over the field of the counting chamber. Errors of surprising magnitude in the widely used manual method of shaking the diluting pipet in one plane were revealed in our study, and they were even more marked with certain mechanical shakers known to have been used in a number of research laboratories. The extent of the errors due to the use of a mechanical shaker is illustrated in table 1, which records typical results when as many successive counts as possible (nineteen) were made from the contents of
Dominant influence of an HLA-B27 restricted CD8+ T cell response in mediating HCV clearance and evolution
Authors: Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Susan McKiernan, Scott Ward, Sergei Viazov, Hans Christian Spangenberg, Thomas Killinger, Thomas F. Baumert, Natalja Nazarova, Isabelle Sheridan, Oliver Pybus, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Michael Roggendorf, Dermot Kelleher, Paul Klenerman, Hubert E. Blum, Robert Thimme
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in the natural course of infection; however, the impact of certain CD8+ T cell responses in determining clinical outcome has not been fully defined. A well-defined cohort of women inoculated with HCV from a single source showed that HLA-B27 has a strong association with spontaneous clearance. The immunological basis for this association is unknown. However, the finding is especially significant because HLA-B27 has also been shown to have a protective role in HIV infection. We report the identification of an HLA-B27 restricted hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cell epitope that is recognized in the majority of recovered HLA-B27 positive women. In chronically HCV-infected individuals, analysis of the corresponding viral sequence showed a strong association between sequence variations within this epitope and expression of HLA-B27, indicating allele-specific selection pressure at the population level. Functional analysis in 3 chronically HCV-infected patients showed that the emerging variant viral epitopes represent escape mutations. In conclusion, our results suggest a dominant role of HLA-B27 in mediating spontaneous viral clearance as well as viral evolution in HCV infection and mechanistically link both associations to a dominant novel CD8+ T cell epitope. These results support the central role of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the genetically determined restriction of the virus-specific T cell repertoire in HCV infection. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html .) (Hepatology 2006;43:563–572.)