tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROTEOSE INTOXICATIONS AND INJURY OF BODY PROTEIN
Authors: G. H. Whipple, J. V. Cooke, T. Stearns
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Dogs with isolated loops of small intestine show many evidences of intoxication. A study of the total nitrogen elimination shows a great rise above the normal base-line minimum of the fasting period (Table II). This means that the intoxication is associated with a great destruction of body protein, and explains the high non-protein nitrogen of the blood which was observed and reported previously (2). Injection of a proteose obtained from a closed intestinal loop will cause a similar rise in the nitrogen elimination curve. This furnishes more evidence that the intoxication observed in association with a closed intestinal loop is in reality a proteose intoxication. Dogs injected with sublethal doses of proteose will show a definite tolerance to subsequent injection, and will show much less acute intoxication after the isolation of a closed intestinal loop (Table 1). These immune or tolerant dogs show a much less pronounced rise in the nitrogen elimination curve during proteose intoxication of any type. This indicates that the tolerance or immunity to proteose gives more protection for the body proteins against the injury which these toxic proteoses inflict upon the body cells. Complete duodenal obstruction combined with a gastrojejunostomy gives a chronic type of intestinal obstruction associated with little vomiting, which is peculiarly suited to metabolism study (Table IV). Such duodenal obstructions show a definite and sustained rise in the curve of nitrogen elimination above the normal base-line level. These dogs, too, are tolerant to injections of standard toxic proteoses. Control ether anesthesia experiments show little if any rise in the curve of nitrogen elimination (Table VI). Control laparotomy experiments show a definite rise in the curve of nitrogen elimination, but a rise which is small compared with the rise noted in the intoxication of duodenal obstruction or of isolated intestinal loops. It is probable that the tissue injury and disintegration associated with the wound reaction are responsible for the general reaction. We may assume that protein split products from the wound area are absorbed and are responsible for the general reaction observed. We propose to assume that the intoxications here studied are associated with a definite proteose intoxication, which is capable of initiating and continuing a profound injury of tissue protein. One index of this protein injury is the great and sustained rise in the curve of total nitrogen elimination.
Lissencephaly. A human brain malformation associated with deletion of the LIS1 gene located at chromosome 17p13
Authors: W. B. Dobyns
Journal: JAMA (1993)

We review the clinical phenotype, pathological changes, and results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies in 90 probands with lissencephaly (smooth brain) with emphasis on patients with the classical form (type I). We also describe the recent discovery of the lissencephaly gene (LIS1), deletions of which have been implicated as the cause of this disorder in many patients.We have performed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic studies of 25 probands with Miller-Dieker syndrome and 65 probands with isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS). We have further subdivided patients with ILS into those with classical lissencephaly and those with lissencephaly variants.We consider primarily our own published and unpublished data, but include references to studies of other series of patients with lissencephaly.Visible cytogenetic deletions of 17p13.3 were detected in 14 of 25 Miller-Dieker syndrome probands, and either visible cytogenetic or submicroscopic deletions in 23 (92%) of 25. Submicroscopic deletions were detected in eight of 45 patients with all types of ILS. If only ILS patients with the classical form are considered, we detected deletions in eight (38%) of 21.Deletions of the lissencephaly critical region in chromosome 17p13.3, including LIS1, appear to be the most frequent cause of classical lissencephaly. Molecular cytogenetic studies, particularly fluorescence in situ hybridization, should be performed in all such patients. LIS1 shows homology to genes involved in signal transduction, which may be its function in development of the telencephalon. Other genetic causes of classical lissencephaly and genetic and nongenetic causes of other types of lissencephaly exist and are under study.
180 Diffusion tensor and magnetisation transfer imaging of the brain at 3T in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: V.P. Grover, S.J. Counsell, D.M. Forton, E.J. Bradford, B.K. Saxby, H.C. Thomas, J.V. Hajnal, S.D. Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: safety of low dose corticosteroids.
Authors: P.N Sambrook, J.A Eisman, M.G Yeates, N.A Pocock, S Eberl, G.D Champion
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Fear of inducing generalised osteoporosis is one reason why corticosteroids are withheld in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No studies, however, have directly measured bone density in such patients at clinically relevant sites. To assess this risk we measured bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry in 84 patients with RA, 44 of whom had been treated with low dose prednis(ol)one (mean dose +/- SE 8.0 +/- 0.5 mg/day; mean duration of treatment 89.6 +/- 12.0 months). There were significant reductions in bone mineral density in patients treated with corticosteroids (lumbar 9.6%, p less than 0.001; femoral 12.2%, p less than 0.001) and in those who had not received corticosteroids (lumbar 6.9%, p less than 0.01; femoral 8.9%, p less than 0.001), but the differences between the two groups were not significant. We conclude on the basis of these studies that low dose oral corticosteroids do not increase the risk of generalised osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Documented Hypoglycemia for 23 Years in a Patient With Insulinoma
Authors: Roger L. Nelson, Robert A. Rizza
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IT IS well known that the diagnosis of insulinoma may be delayed because of the variable presentation of symptomatic hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic symptoms were present for more than three years in 38% of 154 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1927 to 1964 1 and in 15 of 60 patients seen there from 1964 to 1975. 2 Twenty-five percent of 258 patients reported in the world literature up to 1949 3 had symptoms for more than five years before operative intervention. Documentation of hypoglycemia generally follows the onset of symptoms by some time. The longest period of documented hypoglycemia that we could locate in the literature was 15 years. 3   We recently noted hyperinsulinemia in a patient who has had symptoms compatible with fasting hypoglycemia for more than 50 years and in whom hypoglycemia had been demonstrated 23 years previously.  Report of a Case  A 74-year-old woman was seen at the
Alpha interferon-induced hair discolouration
Authors: C.J. Fleming, R.M. MacKie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Alpha interferon‐induced hair discolouration Get access C.J. Fleming, C.J. Fleming University Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland G11 6NT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. MacKie R.M. MacKie University Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland G11 6NT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 2, 1 August 1996, Pages 337–338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01185.x Published: 01 August 1996
1.6 million elementary school children have ADHD, says report
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

About 1.6 million cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been diagnosed in American elementary school children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In a new report the CDC said that about half of the children in whom the disorder was diagnosed had also been identified as having a learning disability. “This report serves as a snapshot of a condition that has important consequences for the development of school age children,” said the CDC's acting director, David Fleming. “However, much more needs to be learned about ADHD and about the spectrum …
"Cold Spot" Imaging with Gas Gangrene in Three Phase Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: GARY GREENE, ALAN H. MAURER, LEON S. MALMUD, N DAVID CHARKES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A photon deficient “cold spot” was noted in all three phases of a three phase bone study in a patient with gas gangrene of the foot. The scintigraphic findings correlated with the area of soft tissue gas noted in radiographs.
CONFIRMATION OF KEY TREAT FINDINGS IN RED-HF, A PLACEBO CONTROLLED HEART FAILURE TRIAL
Authors: Natalie Ann Bello, Eldrin Lewis, Akshay Desai, Inderjit Anand, Henry Krum, John McMurray, Kurt Olson, Scott Solomon, Karl Swedberg, Dirk van Veldhuisen, James Young, Marc Pfeffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Patients' treatment must be based on clinical judgment
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The BMA has endorsed the following guidance on patients' access to medical care:

“Doctors owe a duty of care to all their patients whatever their lifestyle. Each patient must be assessed individually and share in decisions about treatment options. Treatment offered must be based on clinical judgment and sound scientific evidence of likely benefit. It is unethical to refuse an available treatment to any patient who might benefit from it.

“In a supportive manner, doctors should assist patients to maximise their chances of improved health. Appropriate measures and counselling should be offered to patients willing to consider these as a step to a healthier life. Patients must not be left with the impression that their inability or unwillingness to follow an advised course of action will deprive them of medical attention.”

The association's medical ethics committee had been asked to produce guidance after some well publicised reports of patients being denied treatment. In most cases the doctors had advised that the patients would not have benefited from treatment at the time because - for example - they were overweight or they smoked. Advice to change their habits was part of the treatment process and not an ethical or rationing judgement.

The council had opposed previous drafts of the guidance because they implied that if a person's lifestyle materially affected the outcome of treatment for a specific condition it might be ethical to withhold that treatment until the lifestyle was changed. Furthermore, the council did not want to imply that resources had a role to play.

The BMA will challenge the secretary of state for health to ensure that health departments give the profession sufficient time to comment when asked for its views. She will be told that the government cannot expect doctors to cooperate if they are not consulted properly. …
Colonoscopy in Elderly People is a Safe Procedure with a High Diagnostic Yield: A Prospective Comparative Study of 2000 Patients
Authors: M. Karajeh, D. Sanders, D. Hurlstone
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Optical colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colorectal examination and has the advantage of allowing biopsies and polypectomy. However, the data on its safety and effectiveness in the elderly population are limited and somewhat conflicting. We prospectively assessed whether there are differences in completion rates, diagnostic yield, complication rates and 30-day mortality between patients aged > or = 65 years and patients aged < 65 undergoing colonoscopy at our centre.Data were collected prospectively on 2000 colonoscopies performed over a 2-year period (January 2002 to January 2004). We compared 1000 consecutive colonoscopies in patients aged > or = 65 with 1000 consecutive colonoscopies in patients aged < 65 (control group). Data were collected on sedation; on completion rates, both crude and adjusted to discount failures due to obstructive disease; on diagnostic yield; complications, and on 30-day mortality.The median age was 75 years (51 % women) for the elderly group and 54 years (59 % women) for controls. The proportion of patients who received sedation was similar for both groups (59 % vs. 62 %, P = 0.97) but the mean dose of midazolam was lower in the elderly group (3.8 mg vs. 4.5 mg, P < 0.0001). The crude completion rate was lower for the elderly group (81.8 % vs. 86.5 %, P = 0.004), but the adjusted rate was similar for both groups (88.1 % elderly vs. 87.6 % control, P = 0.18). The overall diagnostic yield was higher in the elderly group (65 % vs. 45 %, P < 0.0001) with higher rates of carcinoma detected (7.1 % vs. 1.3 %, P < 0.0001). The complication rate was low (0.2 % per group).Colonoscopy in the elderly is safe and effective with a high diagnostic yield. Colonoscopy may now be the imaging modality of choice in the elderly population.
Randomized trial of thrombolysis versus heparin in unstable angina.
Authors: T L Schreiber, D Rizik, C White, G V Sharma, M Cowley, G Macina, P S Reddy, L Kantounis, G C Timmis, A Margulis
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The clinical usefulness of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in unstable angina is currently unknown, despite the pathogenetic similarity of this entity to acute myocardial infarction, for which thrombolysis has enjoyed great success. To compare the clinical benefit of intravenous urokinase with that of conventional antithrombotic therapy in preventing the progression of unstable angina to new myocardial infarction, intractable angina, or death within the first 96 hours after hospitalization, 149 patients with unstable angina were randomized to one of two intravenous thrombolytic strategies.Forty-nine patients received 3 million units urokinase i.v. over 90 minutes plus intravenous heparin (group A); 47 patients received unblinded 3 million units urokinase i.v. plus 325 mg aspirin p.o. daily (group B); and 53 patients received placebo thrombolytic infusion plus full-dose heparin (group C). The primary end point of this trial was 96-hour clinical status. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics (age, sex, previous myocardial infarction, hypertension prevalence, diabetes, tobacco use, or previous revascularization) among the three groups. Despite an excess of minor untoward reactions for the urokinase groups (chills, 26.5% and 23.4% for groups A and B versus 0% for group C; p < 0.01), there was no significant difference with respect to major bleeds (two, none, and two for groups A, B, and C, respectively; p = NS). At 96 hours after presentation, no significant difference emerged in the incidence of new cardiac events: new myocardial infarctions developed in 10.2% of group A, 6.4% of group B, and 3.8% of group C (p = NS); intractable angina occurred in 6.1% of group A, 10.6% of group B, and 9.4% of group C (p = NS). There were no deaths. All three groups encountered a similar incidence of overall cardiac events: 16.3%, 17.0%, and 13.2% for groups A, B, and C, respectively (p = NS). Although trial enrollment was to extend to 600 patients, interim analysis led to early cessation of enrollment due to a negative trend in respect to outcome after thrombolysis.High-dose intravenous urokinase followed by either heparin or aspirin can be safely administered to a broad, unselected group of patients with unstable angina. However, this study suggests that no clinical advantage is conferred by urokinase, with either adjunctive antithrombotic therapy over standard heparin therapy alone, when given relatively late (mean, 8.7 hours) after admission for unstable angina. A possible detrimental effect cannot be excluded.
Lidocaine in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Arnold Manheim
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the treatment of acute and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it has been my experience that another medication may be added to the treatment armamentarium. By adding lidocaine hydrochloride (intravenous form) to the medications which are available at the present time in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease, the results obtained greatly outweigh complications which may arise from withholding it. Of course, all cases should be highly individualized. If the conventional methods do not produce a satisfactory result, I feel that lidocaine hydrochloride is the less toxic of any agent that we have which may be utilized in the treatment of chronic lung disorders. Initially, a bolus is given intravenously, followed by a lidocaine drip over the next 12 to 24 hours, depending upon the clinical course. In our experience, we have found that by doing this, most patients who have become "fixed" to bronchodilator therapy can
Abstract 1824: Functional characterization of DOG1 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
Authors: Susanne Simon, Loretta Fererra, Luis Galietta, Florian Grabellus, Frank Breitenbücher, Martin Schuler, Jonathan Fletcher, Sebastian Bauer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: DOG1, a calcium-dependent chloride channel, has been shown to be strongly and specifically expressed in GIST and is commonly used as diagnostic marker. Notably, KIT-negative GIST cell lines do not express DOG1. We have therefore sought to investigate the role of DOG1 for KIT expression and GIST growth and its potential as therapeutic target. Methods: GIST cell lines (GIST882: K642E, IM-sensitive, GIST-T1: del558-614, IM-sensitive, GIST48: V560D/D820A, IM-resistant) were transduced with lentiviral particles containing DOG1 sh-RNA. Expression of KIT and DOG1 was measured by immunoblotting. Effects of DOG1 knock-down on proliferation (with/without imatinib) were studied by BrdU incorporation assays and effects on chloride currents using patch clamp technique. Xenografts from transduced cells (and scrambled control) were generated and evaluated for tumor growth and expression of DOG1, KIT and Ki-67. Expression profiles from cell lines and xenograft tumors were compared using microarrays. Results: Lentiviral knock-down of DOG1 resulted in a near-complete inhibition of DOG1 while expression of KIT or the KIT-depending signalling pathways were not affected. Patch clamp measurements showed a strong inhibition of chloride currents in the majority of cells (DOG1-knock-down) tested compared to scrambled control. No difference was found in the growth rate of cells with DOG1-knockdown alone or in the presence of imatinib compared to cells transduced with scrambled sh-RNA. Xenografts generated from transduced cell lines retained DOG-1 knockdown as well as strong KIT-expression. Notably, xenografts with knock-down of DOG1 showed a lower proliferative activity (Ki-67: immunoreactivity score 12 (strongly positive) versus 6 (moderately positive)) with a reduction of tumor size of 43% after 19 days of tumor growth (n=8; p=0.003) when compared with the scrambled control. Expression analyses revealed MNK1 (MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) to be down-regulated in DOG1 negative GIST xenografts compared to scrambled control. Conclusion: DOG1 knock-down results in a reduction of intracellular chloride currents but does not affect KIT-expression or sensitizes cells to imatinib treatment. Proliferation is not affected by DOG1 knock-down in vitro but DOG1 appears to contribute to tumor growth in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1824. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1824
Suitability of the Gamma Scintillation Camera for I-131 Uptake Measurements in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
Authors: G. S. Amoachi, M. O. Afriyie, C. J. Palestro, S. D. Sarkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Bayesian Phylogenetics Using an RNA Substitution Model Applied to Early Mammalian Evolution
Authors: H. Jow, C. Hudelot, M. Rattray, P. G. Higgs
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We study the phylogeny of the placental mammals using molecular data from all mitochondrial tRNAs and rRNAs of 54 species. We use probabilistic substitution models specific to evolution in base paired regions of RNA. A number of these models have been implemented in a new phylogenetic inference software package for carrying out maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences. We describe our Bayesian phylogenetic method which uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to provide samples from the posterior distribution of tree topologies. Our results show support for four primary mammalian clades, in agreement with recent studies of much larger data sets mainly comprising nuclear DNA. We discuss some issues arising when using Bayesian techniques on RNA sequence data.
THE PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERES RICH IN OXYGEN
Authors: Howard T. Karsner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

In spite of numerous abnormalities or non-experimental lesions in the rabbit certain facts can be considered as established. It has been known for many years that pneumonia is produced by the more or less prolonged inhalation of high partial pressures of oxygen. The studies herein reported show that atmospheres containing 80 to 96 per cent oxygen under normal barometric pressure produce in 24 hours, or more commonly 48 hours, congestion, edema, epithelial degeneration and desquamation, fibrin formation, and finally a pneumonia, probably of irritative origin and to be described as a fibrinous bronchopneumonia. The important new points are the time relations of these changes and definition of the type of the pneumonia. Other studies have noted slight passive congestion, but it is now established that this is to be accounted for in most cases by dilatation of the right side or of both sides of the heart. This congestion affects all the abdominal viscera and is accompanied by certain secondary changes such as cloudy swelling of the parenchymatous organs and phagocytosis of erythrocytes by endothelial cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Although deficiency of oxygen may affect the hematopoietic system, the animals subjected to high oxygen percentages failed to show any demonstrable pathologic changes in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, or bone marrow, except for the presence of congestion. This study is the first of a comprehensive series projected in and under the direction of the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory. Different animals and various methods of attack will be employed in the investigation.
Lost in Translation: The Future of Cancer Research?
Authors: Tom Curran
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

“ When Lord Lucan received the order from Captain Nolan, and had read it, he asked, ‘Where are we to advance to?’ Captain Nolan pointed with his finger to the line of the Russians, and said, ‘There are the enemy, and there are the guns’. ” Alfred, Lord Tennyson The Charge of the Light
Bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell lines: a role for mutated PSMB5 in preventing the accumulation of unfolded proteins and fatal ER stress
Authors: M Ri, S Iida, T Nakashima, H Miyazaki, F Mori, A Ito, A Inagaki, S Kusumoto, T Ishida, H Komatsu, Y Shiotsu, R Ueda
Journal: Leukemia (2010)