tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychologic Detection of Abnormal Mental Decline in Older Persons
Authors: Paul J. Eslinger, Antonio R. Damasio, Arthur L. Benton, Maurice Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We conducted comprehensive neuropsychologic assessment in normal 60- to 88-year-old persons and in patients with dementia of various causes, matched for age and sex. Patients with dementia performed significantly poorer on tests of short-term memory, temporal orientation, visual perception, and language. Further data analysis, including multivariate classification procedures, identified a combination of three tests (Visual Retention, Controlled Oral Word Association, and Temporal Orientation) that in a cross-validation study correctly classified 89% of cases with a high degree of probability. Only 6.5% of cases were misclassified, while 4.5% were in a questionable, borderline category. The battery constituted by these three discriminating tests provides a brief, easily administered neuropsychologic screening instrument that may be used by a variety of health professionals for the detection of abnormal mental decline in older persons. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:670-674)
A NIK-IKKα Module Expands ErbB2-Induced Tumor-Initiating Cells by Stimulating Nuclear Export of p27/Kip1
Authors: Weizhou Zhang, Wei Tan, Xuefeng Wu, Maxim Poustovoitov, Amy Strasner, Wei Li, Nicholas Borcherding, Majid Ghassemian, Michael Karin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
FTY720 (Fingolimod) Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy by Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase-1
Authors: Dmitri Pchejetski, Torsten Bohler, Leyre Brizuela, Lysann Sauer, Nicolas Doumerc, Muriel Golzio, Vishal Salunkhe, Justin Teissié, Bernard Malavaud, Jonathan Waxman, Olivier Cuvillier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Radiotherapy is widely used as a radical treatment for prostate cancer, but curative treatments are elusive for poorly differentiated tumors where survival is just 15% at 15 years. Dose escalation improves local response rates but is limited by tolerance in normal tissues. A sphingosine analogue, FTY720 (fingolimod), a drug currently in phase III studies for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has been found to be a potent apoptosis inducer in prostate cancer cells. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we analyzed the impact of FTY720 on sphingolipid metabolism in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer cells and evaluated its potential as a radiosensitizer on cell lines and prostate tumor xenografts. In prostate cancer cell lines, FTY720 acted as a sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibitor that induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis in a manner independent of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. In contrast, γ irradiation did not affect SphK1 activity in prostate cancer cells yet synergized with FTY720 to inhibit SphK1. In mice bearing orthotopic or s.c. prostate cancer tumors, we show that FTY720 dramatically increased radiotherapeutic sensitivity, reducing tumor growth and metastasis without toxic side effects. Our findings suggest that low, well-tolerated doses of FTY720 could offer significant improvement to the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
Polymorphonuclear cell motility, ankylosing spondylitis, and HLA B27.
Authors: C T Pease, J N Fordham, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function was studied in 29 subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of these, 20 were HLA B27+ve and 9 B27-ve. There were 30 controls and, of these, 15 were B27+ve. Random and directed cell migration was measured by 2 techniques: migration through a micropore filter and migration under an agar film. The chemo-attractant was either case in-activated serum or zymosan-activated serum. By both techniques directed motility was increased in subjects with B27 or with AS when compared to the B27-ve controls. This suggests that the disease AS and the possession of B27 are both associated with increased PMN motility.
Exaggerated Spread of Epidural Analgesia in Arteriosclerotic Patients
Authors: P. R. Bromage
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Exactly the same technique was used as for the controls, except that smaller doses of analgesic solution were employed.One patient received 2% L67, six patients were given 2% mepivacaine, and the remainder received 2% lignocaine.Thirty injections were made in the supine and 26 in the sitting position. ResultsWithout exception, a given dose of epidural analgesic produced more extensive blockade in the arterio- sclerotic patients than in normal subjects of the same age.There was also a tendency for blockade to develop more slowly in the former group.
Acute Renal Failure During Cephalothin Therapy
Authors: John R. Burton, Norman S. Lichtenstein, Robert B. Colvin, Newton E. Hyslop
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Acute renal failure occurred in five patients during cephalothin sodium therapy. Two of the patients had rashes and two had eosinophilia, but none had fever correlated with cephalothin therapy. The lack of other apparent causes and the temporal relation of the renal insufficiency with the initiation and later withdrawal of the drug suggest cephalothin as the cause. The pathogenesis is not certain. Renal tissue was available in only one case, and that tissue was 60 days remote from the cephalothin therapy. A chronic, nonspecific interstitial nephritis was present. (<i>JAMA</i>229:679-682, 1974)
Legionnaires' Disease in Pneumonia Patients in Iowa
Authors: E. D. Renner, C. M. Helms, W. J. Hierholzer, N. Hall, Y. W. Wong, J. P. Viner, W. Johnson, W. J. Hausler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The frequency of Legionnaires' disease among 586 cases of pneumonia that occurred in Iowa between fiscal years 1972 and 1977 was studied retrospectively on the basis of paired sera. The frequency of confirmed Legionnaires' disease was 4.1% and of presumptive Legionnaires' disease was 11.4%. Infections with the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium were most frequent in the summer. Of the 22% of pneumonias for which a cause could be defined, Legionnaires' disease was third in frequency behind Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza A virus infections. Infections with the LD bacterium occurred in association with pneumonias in most age groups. The youngest patient with LD infection was a 5-year-old boy with pneumonia. The disease occurred 3.2 times more often in males than in females. In males the frequency of confirmed and presumptive Legionnaires' disease increased steadily to plateau after the fourth decade at about 12% and 28%, respectively. In females the frequency of presumptive Legionnaires' disease was 7% to 16%, relatively evenly distributed over all age groups. Pneumonias associated with LD bacterium infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonias in most age groups.
REPETITION OF MISSED LABOR
Authors: Charles W. Sawers
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. W. B., aged 32, had given birth to two healthy children. Sometime after her period of July 7, 1916, she became pregnant. She noticed that after the fifth month she did not get any stouter. Nov. 6, 1917, a dead fetus was born. It was now seven months past full term. Nov. 1, 1918, a normal child was born, and still lives. After nursing the child, menstruation became regular till sometime after her period of April 3, 1922, when she again became pregnant. All went as usual for about five months, when she noticed that the increase in size had ceased. Dec. 17, 1923, she gave birth to another dead fetus—eleven months after full term. In both cases the child died when about five months in utero, and the mother made an uneventful recovery.
Factor H dysfunction in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome contributes to complement deposition on platelets and their activation
Authors: Anne-lie Ståhl, Fariba Vaziri-Sani, Stefan Heinen, Ann-Charlotte Kristoffersson, Karl-Henrik Gydell, Reem Raafat, Alberto Gutierrez, Ortraud Beringer, Peter F. Zipfel, Diana Karpman
Journal: Blood (2008)
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
Authors: Johan S. Bakken
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To characterize the clinical and laboratory features observed in patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and evaluate the utility of the diagnostic tools used to confirm the diagnosis.Retrospective case study of 41 patients with laboratory-diagnosed HGE.A total of 228 patients from Minnesota and Wisconsin were evaluated between June 1990 and May 1995.Cases were presumptively identified by a history of an influenzalike illness acquired in an area known to be endemic for ticks. Diagnostic laboratory testing included microscopic examination of Wright-stained peripheral blood smears for presence of neutrophilic morulae, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of acute-phase blood samples for the Ehrlichia phagocytophila/Ehrlichia equi group DNA, and evaluation of serological responses by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), using E equi as antigen.All patients presented with a temperature of at least 37.6 degrees C, and most had headache, myalgias, chills, and varying combinations of leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Eighty percent of the patients tested demonstrated morulae in the cytoplasm of peripheral blood neutrophils. Only 16 of 37 patients tested by PCR were positive for HGE, whereas serum IFA assays of acute or convalescent blood samples detected antibodies against E equi in 38 of 40 patients tested. Two patients died, and the calculated case fatality rate was 4.9%.Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is being increasingly recognized in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A more severe illness is associated with increased age, anemia, increased percentage of neutrophils and decreased percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and presence of morulae in neutrophils. The differential diagnosis for patients who develop an influenzalike illness following a tick bite should include HGE. Microscopic examination of the acute-phase blood smear to detect neutrophilic morulae is currently the quickest and most practical screening method for diagnosing HGE in the upper Midwest.
Immunologic characterization of isoforms of Car b 1 and Que a 1, the major hornbeam and oak pollen allergens
Authors: M. Wallner, A. Erler, M. Hauser, E. Klinglmayr, G. Gadermaier, L. Vogel, A. Mari, B. Bohle, P. Briza, F. Ferreira
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Birch pollen allergy is one of the most common causes of spring pollinosis often associated with hypersensitivity reactions to pollen of other Fagales species. Yet, only the major disease eliciting allergens of alder and hazel have been fully characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform cloning, expression and immunologic characterization of the Bet v 1 homologues from oak (Que a 1) and hornbeam (Car b 1). Methods: The isoform pattern of Car b 1 and Que a 1 was analyzed by proteomics using 2D gel electrophoresis and LC ESI‐QTOF MS. Isoallergens showing high IgE‐binding were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . IgE‐binding activity of the recombinant proteins was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and basophil mediator release assays using serum samples from patients mainly exposed either to oak and hornbeam or to birch pollen. Cross‐reactivity of the allergens was further investigated at the T‐cell level. Results: Dominant isoforms of Car b 1 and Que a 1, identified by mass spectrometry, showed different IgE‐binding properties when testing Fagales pollen‐allergic patients living in birch‐free areas as compared to birch‐sensitized individuals. Conclusion: Tree pollen‐allergic patients who are primarily exposed to Fagales pollen other than birch reacted stronger with rCar b 1 and rQue a 1 than with rBet v 1, as determined by inhibition ELISA and basophil mediator release assays. Thus, rCar b 1 and rQue a 1 allergens should be considered for improving molecule‐based diagnosis and therapy of tree pollen allergies manifesting in birch‐free areas.
The Academic Medical Center: A Stressed American Institution
Authors: David E. Rogers, Robert J. Blendon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Abstract In recent years, relations between academic medical centers and the government have become increasingly adversarial. Although the centers and the government were formerly partners in a number of health ventures, to the mutual benefit of both, the climate is now too often confrontational. It is a confrontation in which there will be no winners, but the larger society may be the loser. A number of pressures on academic centers have helped to contribute to this situation. The federal sector and academic medical institutions must understand one another better and rediscover effective ways to preserve the special strengths of academic medicine in this country. (N Engl J Med 298:940–950, 1978)
Immune responses in chronic dermatophyte infections
Authors: T. Kaaman, B. Petrini, J. Wasserman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Immune responses in chronic dermatophyte infections Get access T. Kaaman, T. Kaaman Department of Dermatology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm Central Microbiological Laboratory of Stockholm, County Council, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Petrini, B. Petrini Department of Dermatology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm Central Microbiological Laboratory of Stockholm, County Council, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wasserman J. Wasserman Department of Dermatology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm Central Microbiological Laboratory of Stockholm, County Council, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 1, 1 January 1983, Page 124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04589.x Published: 01 January 1983
A New Preadmission Staging System for Predicting Inpatient Mortality from HIV-associated <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia in the Early Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Era
Authors: AHSAN M. AROZULLAH, PAUL R. YARNOLD, ROBERT A. WEINSTEIN, NDUKA NWADIARO, THOMAS B. McILRAITH, JOAN S. CHMIEL, ALISON M. SIPLER, CHEELING CHAN, MATTHEW B. GOETZ, DAVID N. SCHWARTZ, CHARLES L. BENNETT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A common severe complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Recently, with increasing use of PCP prophylaxis and multidrug antiretroviral therapy, the clinical manifestations of HIV infection have changed dramatically and the predictors of inpatient mortality for PCP may have also changed. We developed a new staging system for predicting inpatient mortality for patients with HIV-associated PCP admitted between 1995 and 1997. Trained abstractors performed chart reviews of 1,660 patients hospitalized with HIV-associated PCP between 1995 and 1997 at 78 hospitals in seven metropolitan areas in the United States. The overall inpatient mortality rate was 11.3%. Hierarchically optimal classification tree analysis identified an ordered five-category staging system based on three predictors: wasting, alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient (aaPo 2), and serum albumin level. The mortality rate increased with stage: 3.7% for Stage 1, 8.5% for Stage 2, 16.1% for Stage 3, 23.3% for Stage 4, and 49.1% for Stage 5. This new staging system may be useful for severity of illness adjustment in the current era while exploring current variation in HIV-associated PCP inpatient mortality rates among hospitals and across cities.
Characteristics of enzymes of erythrocytes from newborn infants and adults: Activity, thermostability, and electrophoretic profile as a function of cell age
Authors: H. W. Mohrenweiser, S. Fielek, K. H. Wurzinger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract The level of enzyme activity, the enzyme thermostability profile, and the isozyme electrophoretic pattern were determined in young and old erythrocytes from newborn infants and adults and in samples from adult individuals with increased reticulocyte counts. Cord blood samples had higher levels of enzymatic activity for 12 of the 14 enzymes measured, adenylate kinase and phos‐phoglucomutase being the exceptions. The largest differences in activity between newborns and adults were for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, hexo‐kinase, glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase, while glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and pyruvate kinase showed the largest differences between young and old cells. The levels of activity of glutathione reductase, adenylate kinase, phosphoglucomutase, lactate dehydrogenase, phos‐phoglycerokinase, and glucose phosphate isomerase in cord blood samples suggest the regulation of expression of these enzymes is different in fetal erythrocytes than in erythrocytes from an adult. Differences in the thermostability profile of enzymes from cells from different sources and/or of different ages were noted for 5 of 9 enzymes. No unique electrophoretically identifiable fetal isozymes were observed, although differences in isozyme distribution and staining intensity associated with cell source and/or cell age were noted for many of the 23 enzymes examined. Many of these differences in enzyme characteristics have the potential to be confused with genetic alterations in enzyme structure and function.
Abstract 2033: Transcription factors that regulate MUC16 expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Dharmarao Thapi, Darcie Binder, Nestor Rosales, Xiu Jun Yan, Alex E. Lash, David R. Spriggs
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CA125 antigen is found to be elevated in 85% of patients diagnosed with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. CA125 has a minimal role as a screening modality. The gene which encodes for the CA125 glycoprotein, MUC16, has been previously identified and sequenced. MUC16 has a molecular size of 22,000 bps and consists of cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane region and 9 external domain tandem repeats. The large molecular weight of this gene has made it difficult to study and track. N terminal signal peptide and transcription factor or factors that triggers MUC16 in ovarian cancer is not well demonstrated. The proximal 114 amino acids of MUC16 can transform NIH/3T3 cells and increase soft agar formation and matrigel invasion. We have designed several constructs from the region about 1000 nucleotides upstream and 300 nucleotides downstream of the MUC16 start Methionine with secretory pMetridia Luciferase Reporter vector (Clonetech, CA). Four constructs of varying lengths had the MUC16 UTR TSS site whereas two did not. Putative binding sites for transcription factors like ER, STAT1, STAT3, CRE-BP1 (ATF2) and NFKB are also present. These constructs were then transfected individually into CA125 negative ovarian cell line, SK-Ov-3, and also into CA125 positive ovarian cell lines, SK-Ov-8 and CAOV3. All cell lines were stably selected with G418 and were used within 10 passages. Western blots confirm the presence of ERalpha, STAT1 and STAT3. Stably transfected cell lines were cultured in low serum conditions with or without 17β-Estradiol or IL-1β, were used to see the effect of transcription. Clinical CA125 levels were also documented for each construct. Secretory pMetridia Luciferase signals were detected in the supernant of the culture cells. There is no difference between untreated or 17β-Estradiol or IL-1β treated cells. However, gel retardation studies with OVCAR3 and SKOV8 wild type cell lines suggested CREB/ATF (CREBZF) transcription factor involvement and confirmatory reporter gene studies are planned. Currently, we are assessing the putative transcription factor binding sites within the 1300 nucleotides region from which we derived the constructs. We conclude that these studies will lead us to better understand the biology of MUC16 gene expression and give us an insight about the role of transcription factors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2033. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2033
The Mechanism of Lung Volume Change during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: DAVID E. CARNEY, CARL E. BREDENBERG, HENRY J. SCHILLER, ANTHONY L. PICONE, ULYSSE G. McCANN, LOUIS A. GATTO, GRAEME BAILEY, MARK FILLINGER, GARY F. NIEMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To understand ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) during positive pressure ventilation, mechanisms of normal alveolar mechanics must first be established. Isotropic "balloonlike" alveolar volume (VA) change has been viewed as the prevailing mechanism of normal lung volume (VL) changes. We hypothesized that change in VL is predominantly caused by alveolar recruitment-derecruitment (R/D). Fifteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized and intubated with a tracheal divider. Through a thoracotomy incision, in vivo microscopy of subpleural alveoli was performed as the degassed lung was inflated to 80% TLC, and then deflated to residual volume (RV). Still photomicrographs were evaluated to determine if change in VL is due to change in VA or R/D of alveoli. We noted a steady, significant increase in alveolar recruitment as VL increased to 80% TLC (p < 0.05). However, VA increased significantly, but only to 20% TLC (p < 0.05). Once recruited, alveoli did not demonstrate any further volume change, whereas the lung as a whole maintained a normal pressure/volume relationship. In our model, changes in VL predominantly are caused by R/D.
Acute Insulin Response and β-Cell Compensation in Normal Subjects Treated With Olanzapine or Risperidone for 2 Weeks
Authors: Ripu D. Jindal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Hardy et al. (1) demonstrate that administration of olanzapine or risperidone does not impair acute insulin response and conclude that their results argue against substantial and generalized impairment of insulin action secretion with these agents after short-term treatment. An earlier study by Ader et al. (2) suggested that olanzapine impairs insulin sensitivity as well as compensatory increase in insulin secretion. Hardy et al. (1) acknowledge that …