tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Depression and Diabetes Self-Care, Medication Adherence, and Preventive Care
Authors: Elizabeth H.B. Lin, Wayne Katon, Michael Von Korff, Carolyn Rutter, Greg E. Simon, Malia Oliver, Paul Ciechanowski, Evette J. Ludman, Terry Bush, Bessie Young
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—We assessed whether diabetes self-care, medication adherence, and use of preventive services were associated with depressive illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a large health maintenance organization, 4,463 patients with diabetes completed a questionnaire assessing self-care, diabetes monitoring, and depression. Automated diagnostic, laboratory, and pharmacy data were used to assess glycemic control, medication adherence, and preventive services. RESULTS—This predominantly type 2 diabetic population had a mean HbA1c level of 7.8 ± 1.6%. Three-quarters of the patients received hypoglycemic agents (oral or insulin) and reported at least weekly self-monitoring of glucose and foot checks. The mean number of HbA1c tests was 2.2 ± 1.3 per year and was only slightly higher among patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Almost one-half (48.9%) had a BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2, and 47.8% of patients exercised once a week or less. Pharmacy refill data showed a 19.5% nonadherence rate to oral hypoglycemic medicines (mean 67.4 ± 74.1 days) in the prior year. Major depression was associated with less physical activity, unhealthy diet, and lower adherence to oral hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medications. In contrast, preventive care of diabetes, including home-glucose tests, foot checks, screening for microalbuminuria, and retinopathy was similar among depressed and nondepressed patients. CONCLUSIONS—In a primary care population, diabetes self-care was suboptimal across a continuum from home-based activities, such as healthy eating, exercise, and medication adherence, to use of preventive care. Major depression was mainly associated with patient-initiated behaviors that are difficult to maintain (e.g., exercise, diet, medication adherence) but not with preventive services for diabetes.
PARKINSONISM TOGETHER WITH THE "APACHE TYPE" IN ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA
Authors: A. Hancock
Journal: BMJ (1925)

AMONG the many late manifestations of encephalitis lethargica those met with in children and young adults are most striking and varied, and victims of this disease are found attending the out-patient department of most hospitals in increasing numbers.Whether such late mani- festations are sequelae of the disease is doubtful; it seems more probable that they are rather the effects of a still active virus living in the nervous system, like that of syphilis-a view held by Netter, Mott, Wimmer, and others.A classification by Hall has put such juvenile, cases under one of the following classes: (1) idiot type; (2) Par- kinsonism; (3) apache type; (4) naughty child type.Of these Nos. 2 and 4 are especially common, and there are many of type 4 which nearly approach the true apache type, although not really bad enough in their moral defect.Such cases, however, cause great anxiety in their homes, and institutional care is usually called for.It is agreed by observers in this country, and on the Continent, that a
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protect Cancer Cells From ROS-induced Apoptosis and Enhance the Warburg Effect by Secreting STC1
Authors: Shinya Ohkouchi, Gregory J Block, Ahmed M Katsha, Masahiko Kanehira, Masahito Ebina, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Yasuo Saijo, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Darwin J Prockop
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) enhance cell survival through upregulation and secretion of stanniocalcin-1 (STC1). This study shows that MSC-derived STC1 promotes survival of lung cancer cells by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and shifting metabolism towards a more glycolytic metabolic profile. MSC-derived STC1 upregulated uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in injured A549 cells in an STC1-dependent manner. Knockdown of UCP2 reduced the ability of MSCs and recombinant STC1 (rSTC1) to reduce cell death in the A549 population. rSTC1-treated A549 cells displayed decreased levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased lactate production, all of which were dependent on the upregulation of UCP2. Our data suggest that MSCs can promote cell survival by regulating mitochondrial respiration via STC1.
Systematic review of spinal manipulation: A balanced review of evidence?
Authors: A. Breen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

A balanced review of evidence?Although Ernst and Canter's review (April 2006 JRSM 1 ) attempts to reduce the confusion over manipulation it only adds to it.First, no justification is offered for aggregating a heterogeneous range of health complaints.Secondly, there is no evidence of systematic quality appraisal of these disparate data, except by comments on professional backgrounds or by self-assessing their own work as 'rigorous and systematic'.Thirdly, the exclusion criteria neglect the very studies which test the effectiveness of manipulation as used in practice, i.e. as part of a package of care.Manipulation is a biomedical intervention, used mainly for common musculoskeletal disorders by a wide range of healthcare practitioners, both within the banner of conventional medicine and outside it.Taken alone, it is like any other intervention for these conditions; it will work in some cases but not others.It is increasingly clear that no biomedical approach in isolation is adequate for common musculoskeletal conditions.The usefulness of manipulation is that it can be used within a package of care that provides advice about re-activation, reassurance about resuming activity, pain control, and the recognition and minimization of psychosocial risks for chronicity.The trials excluded by Ernst and Canters review (e.g., the UK BEAM trial) 2,3 show that manipulation is effective and cost-effective within such a package of care.Current guidelines also recognize this.Ernst has a record of publications that take a different approach 4 ; and there is enough evidence about manipulation in the back pain area that further explanatory trials are probably no longer needed.Rather, as with many interventions including exercise, further research is needed to help clarify where it is best used in a package of care and for which patient subgroups; so that practitioners who have the training to use it can do so more selectively within a holistic approach.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL CAREER IN SURGERY.
Authors: LEWIS C. BOSHER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

All of us can bear witness to the fact that to-day there are men engaged in the practice of surgery who, by reason of their lack of proper training, are thereby doing injustice to themselves, to the profession and to the public. Since there could be no greater mistake on the part of any young man than the selection of a specialty for which he lacks the necessary requirements, a general consideration of just what qualifications are needed as a basis for a successful career in surgery seems to me a subject worthy of discussion on this occasion. So forcibly has this matter appealed to me for many years that very shortly after my election to this position I determined to take advantage of the opportunity of dealing with the subject on the present occasion, with the hope that my words, coming through this body of men, who are teachers
We may be in danger of bribing volunteers
Authors: C. Young
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Christie's news article has highlighted an important inconsistency in the World Medical Association's fifth revision of the Declaration of Helsinki.1 This fundamental document, first adopted by the association in 1964, defines the ethical and moral responsibilities of physicians and others participating in research on human subjects.

The document insists that all subjects should be volunteers, having freely given informed consent to the research proposed. The …
Survival of Submerged Mammals
Authors: Johannes A. Kylstra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Do not even you know that a green drake, and an alder fly, and a dragon fly, live under water till they change their skins...? And if a water animal can continually change into a land animal, why should not a land animal sometimes change into a water animal?Charles Kingsley1 MAMMALS have evolved from fishes.2 Mammalian fetuses live in amniotic fluid. Newborn mammals can survive in water for surprisingly long periods. Signs of life have been observed in puppies submerged for as long as fifty-four minutes,3 and newborn rats submerged in water at 37°C. continue to make respiratory movements . . .
EXEL-0862, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo in human mast cells expressing the KIT D816V mutation
Authors: Jingxuan Pan, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Cem Akin, Taghi Manshouri, Peter Lamb, Jorge E. Cortes, Ayalew Tefferi, Francis J. Giles, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2006)
Wireless Capsule Video Endoscopy: A New Diagnostic Method for Aortoduodenal Fissure
Authors: B. González-Suárez, C. Guarner, J. R. Escudero, E. Viver, J. Palmer, J. Balanzó
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 A 66-year-old man with a history of aortobifemoral bypass 5 years previously was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and fever. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was carried out, revealing the presence of gas involving the aortic prosthesis, and a large retroperitoneal abscess. Antibiotic therapy was initiated, and the abscess was drained under radiographic control. The patient was scheduled for surgical intervention 48 h later, with a suspicion of aortic-enteric fissuration.
Chronic leg ulceration with livedoid vasculitis, and response to oral ketanserin
Authors: M.H.A. RUSTIN, C.B. BUNKER, PAULINE M. DOWD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

We report a patient with a 6-year history of recalcitrant painful ulceration of both lower legs, diagnosed as being due to livedoid vasculitis. The lesions healed rapidly and remained healed on treatment with oral ketanserin.
Relationship between weakness and muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P S Helliwell, S Jackson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To relate weakness of grip to loss of forearm muscle bulk, hand joint deformity, and hand joint tenderness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--Using anthropometric data we have estimated the anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) of forearm muscles in 100 subjects with RA compared with 100 aged and sex-matched normal subjects. We also recorded hand joint tenderness using a modification of the Ritchie articular index, and a simple index of hand joint deformity. RESULTS--We found a significant reduction in anatomical CSA in RA (forearm CSA in normal subjects 29.7 cm2 and in RA 25.9 cm2; p = 0.002). In simple linear regression we found that 46.3% of the variation in grip strength in normal subjects was explained by variation in muscle CSA; in RA this figure decreased to 33.4%. Adding terms for joint deformity and pain in a multiple regression model improved the amount of variation explained to 37.9%. CONCLUSIONS--Although there is significant muscle wasting in RA, it is likely that reduction in strength is also attributable to joint deformity and pain leading to inhibition of grip directly and, indirectly, by arthrogenous muscle inhibition. Doubts remain about the quality of muscle in RA.
Early B cell factor cooperates with Runx1 and mediates epigenetic changes associated with mb-1 transcription
Authors: Holly Maier, Rachel Ostraat, Hua Gao, Scott Fields, Susan A Shinton, Kay L Medina, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Cornelis Murre, Harinder Singh, Richard R Hardy, James Hagman
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Pathogenesis of late airway changes in long-term surviving lung allografts.
Authors: S Sakiyama, T Uyama, N Tanida, T Fukumoto, H Nagasawa, K Himeno, Y Monden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Late airway changes are frequently observed in long-term surviving rat lung allografts. In this present study, we investigate this problem using the mixed lymphocyte reaction, graft-versus-host assay (popliteal lymph node assay), skin grafting from the donor strain to the lung allograft recipient, and histology to evaluate this problem. The results show that spleen cells from recipient rats with long-term surviving lung allografts possessed alloreactivity in mixed lymphocyte reaction against both donor and third-party ACI antigens. Suppressor cell activity was not detected in spleen cells from these recipient rats. The popliteal lymph node assay showed that the response to recipient spleen cells was detectable but weaker than that of naive spleen cells from the same strain. Mean survival time of skin grafts from the donor strain to long-term allograft survivors was significantly longer than that between donor and recipient strains. Chest roentgenograms revealed opacification of long-term surviving lung allografts at 2 to 3 wk after skin transplantation that was coincident with the rejection of the skin grafts, and histologic examination of the lung allografts revealed changes compatible with acute rejection. We conclude that alloreactivity can be demonstrated in rats with long-term surviving lung allografts and suggest that late airway changes in these lungs are immunologically mediated.
ABC of Atrial Fibrillation: CARDIOVERSION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: G. Y H Lip, R. D S Watson, S. P Singh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Summary</h3> Cardioversion to sinus rhythm should be considered for all suitable patients in atrial fibrillation In the short term both pharmacological and electrical cardioversion restore sinus rhythm Prophylactic treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs is advisable after cardioversion in high risk patients in view of the high relapse rate Anticoagulants should be started before non-emergency cardioversion—ideally two to three weeks before—and continued for at least four weeks after cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation of &gt;48 hours9 duration
Improvement in Coronary Blood Flow Velocity With Acute Biventricular Pacing Is Predominantly Due to an Increase in a Diastolic Backward-Travelling Decompression (Suction) Wave
Authors: Andreas Kyriacou, Zachary I. Whinnett, Sayan Sen, Punam A. Pabari, Ian Wright, Richard Cornelussen, David Lefroy, D. Wyn Davies, Nicholas S. Peters, Prapa Kanagaratnam, Jamil Mayet, Alun D. Hughes, Darrel P. Francis, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Normal coronary blood flow is principally determined by a backward-traveling decompression (suction) wave in diastole. Dyssynchronous chronic heart failure may attenuate suction, because regional relaxation and contraction overlap in timing. We hypothesized that biventricular pacing, by restoring left ventricular (LV) synchronization and improving LV relaxation, might increase this suction wave, improving coronary flow. Method and Results— Ten patients with chronic heart failure (9 males; age 65±12; ejection fraction 26±7%) with left bundle-branch block (LBBB; QRS duration 174±18 ms) were atriobiventricularly paced at 100 bpm. LV pressure was measured and wave intensity calculated from invasive coronary flow velocity and pressure, with native conduction (LBBB) and during biventricular pacing at atrioventricular (AV) delays of 40 ms, 120 ms, and separately preidentified hemodynamically optimal AV delay. In comparison with LBBB, biventricular pacing at separately preidentified hemodynamically optimal AV delay (BiV-Opt) enhanced coronary flow velocity time integral by 15% (7%–25%) ( P =0.007), LV dP/dt max by 15% (10%–21%) ( P =0.005), and neg dP/dt max by 17% (9%–22%) ( P =0.005). The cumulative intensity of the diastolic backward decompression (suction) wave increased by 26% (18%–54%) ( P =0.005). The majority of the increase in coronary flow velocity time integral occurred in diastole (69% [41%–84% ]; P =0.047). The systolic compression waves also increased: forward by 36% (6%–49%) ( P =0.022) and backward by 38% (20%–55%) ( P =0.022). Biventricular pacing at AV delays of 120 ms generated a smaller LV dP/dt max (by 12% [5%–23% ], P =0.013) and neg dP/dt max (by 15% [8%–40% ]; P =0.009) increase than BiV-Opt, against LBBB as reference; BiV-Opt and biventricular pacing at AV delays of 120 ms were not significantly different in coronary flow velocity time integral or waves. Biventricular pacing at AV delays of 40 ms was no different from LBBB. Conclusions— When biventricular pacing improves LV contraction and relaxation, it increases coronary blood flow velocity, predominantly by increasing the dominant diastolic backward decompression (suction) wave.
BMA opposes private ethos in the NHS GPs will discuss a salaried option BMA wants landmines banned EU committee votes to remove tobacco growers' premium Consultants support doctor's freedom of speech Army medical college will leave London
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# BMA opposes private ethos in the NHS {#article-title-2}

“We believe that introducing a private ethos into the NHS changes the principles under which the service was formulated,” Dr Mac Armstrong told the BMA's fringe meeting at the Labour party conference. He believed that three fundamental questions underpinned the health care dilemma. How much should be spent on health? What should the money be spent on? How do you know what you are buying is the best? A fourth question was emerging--what was the function of the NHS? Dr Armstrong said that although the government insisted that the NHS was safe in its hands there seemed to be a subtle redefinition of the nature of the NHS.

The deputy chairman of the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee agreed with him. Dr Peter Hawker, a consultant gastroenterologist in Warwick, said that creeping privatisation was happening and there was now a blurring between the NHS and private care. “If British society cannot support the NHS it has no right to call itself civilised,” he maintained. Several of the questions from the large audience concerned long term care, which the deputy chairman of the General Medical Services Committee, Dr John Chisholm, said was falling on families in an arbitrary way. As well as calling for a full public debate on the subject the BMA is recommending that national guidelines should be drawn up to determine the lines of responsibility for the NHS and local authorities to avoid inequalities and unfair differences due to accidents of geography.

In its briefing paper the BMA explained that to make the medical profession fit for the future it had embraced audit to …
Hospitals Should Provide Day-Care for Children of Employees
Authors: Anne E. Ricks, Sarah Ricks
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Your secretary is late. The OR nurse is a substitute and doesn't know where anything is kept. The resident has been on and off the telephone all day, making some complicated arrangements for his child. And there's a new lab technician down in bacteriology—the third in a month!—who doesn't know the first thing about special ophthalmology cultures. What do all these inconvenient and time-consuming problems have in common? What is the unifying factor? Inadequate day-care. Unreliable baby-sitters. Inconvenient hours. Distant locations. The secretary, the nurse, the resident, and the lab technician are all struggling to do their jobs while their children are shuffled around from friend, to school, to day-care center. So even if<i>your</i>children are off at college, the paucity of good day-care affects your life every day. I believe that hospitals should provide day-care for their employees' children. There is a documented need for good day-care. Child-care
Neutrophil TRPM2 channels are implicated in the exacerbation of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Toshihito Hiroi, Teruaki Wajima, Takaharu Negoro, Masakazu Ishii, Yasuko Nakano, Yuji Kiuchi, Yasuo Mori, Shunichi Shimizu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) highly expressed in immunocytes is a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel activated by oxidative stress. Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by acute inflammation associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that TRPM2 is implicated in the exacerbation of myocardial I/R injury. Wild-type (Trpm2+/+) and Trpm2 knockout (Trpm2−/−) mice were subjected to ligation of the left main coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Myocardial infarction following I/R, but not ischaemia alone, was reduced more in Trpm2−/−mice than in Trpm2+/+ mice and cardiac contractile functions were also improved in Trpm2−/−mice. TRPM2 was highly expressed in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) rather than in the heart. The number of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the reperfused area following ischaemia was lowered in Trpm2−/− mice. When Trpm2+/+ or Trpm2−/− PMNs were administered to the Trpm2−/− heart ex vivo through the perfusate or in vivo by iv injection, Trpm2+/+ PMNs produced enlargement of the infarct size. Following in vitro regional I/R, a pharmacological inhibitor of TRPM2 reduced the infarct size. The combination of H2O2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and their adhesion to endothelial cells in Trpm2+/+ but not in Trpm2−/−PMNs. These findings indicate that neutrophil TRPM2 is implicated in the exacerbation of myocardial reperfusion injury. Accumulation of neutrophils in the reperfused area mediated by TRPM2 activation is likely to play a crucial role in myocardial I/R injury.
Adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids.
Authors: A. Pottage
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction will probably also soon come within their realm.If such a degree of incorrect treatment or lack of treatment is reflected in their other duties there would be strong arguments for restricting ex- tended training to providing defibrillation alone.Ms Walters and Dr Glucksman seem to support this view already.We are not sure.When the study was ending the NHS Training Authority sanctioned the development of full extended ambulance training by publishing guidelines about the selection of trainees and the contents of the syllabus and examinations.The authority recommended that a local advisory and assessment panel with members drawn from ambulance, medical, and nursing staff approve arrangements for annual recertification or retrain- ing of ambulance crews.'Perhaps the reported results would have been better ifthe ambulance staffconcerned had received more feedback and support from their original trainers.It is most important, however, to emphasise the recommendations of Ms Walters and Dr Glucksman-namely, that there is adequate monitoring and medical control of extended trained ambulance staff.Further studies should be performed to determine whether the existing syllabus is appropriate and may be properly implemented by the staff presently being trained.
MEASURING END-RESULTS AFTER INJURY: A SUGGESTED PERCENTAGE BASIS
Authors: John J. Moorhead
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To appraise the outcome of a given injury we are in the habit of using some such descriptive prefix as "good," "fair," "poor" or "bad," and in other surgical or medical conditions we often make use of the terms "improved" or "unimproved," having an anatomic or surgical cure in mind. Any such nomenclature is, of course, very confusing; it is not wholly descriptive nor is it reasonably accurate, as in no instance is there any verbal or other accepted standard of rating. This indicates that the present scheme of classifying end-results depends wholly on the personal equation of the examiner. One examiner may rate the outcome as "good"; another, equally competent, may rate the end-result in the same case as "fair." Obviously, both examiners cannot be right, and they differ because each has an arbitrary standard to which they have not mutually subscribed. It is conceded that it is impossible