tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Infant Airway Function, Childhood Airway Responsiveness, and Asthma
Authors: Stephen W. Turner, Lyle J. Palmer, Peter J. Rye, Neil A. Gibson, Parveenjeet K. Judge, Moreen Cox, Sally Young, Jack Goldblatt, Louis I. Landau, Peter N. Le Souëf
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The relationship between reduced pulmonary function in early life and persistent wheeze (PW) in school-aged children remains uncertain. In this study, VmaxFRC was assessed at 1 month of age, and the presence of wheeze up to 11 years of age was prospectively identified. At 11 years of age, airway responsiveness (AR) to inhaled histamine and atopy were assessed. Recent wheeze at 11 years of age was associated with a reduced mean z score for VmaxFRC at 1 month of age (-0.41 [SD 0.91], n = 31) compared with no recent wheeze (0.04 [SD 1.00], n = 153, p = 0.03). Wheeze between 4 and 6 years that persisted at 11 years (PW) was most prevalent among those with reduced VmaxFRC at 1 month and atopy aged 11 years (p = 0.002) or reduced VmaxFRC and increased AR aged 11 years (p = 0.015). When all factors were considered, reduced VmaxFRC at 1 month (p = 0.03) and increased AR aged 11 years (p < 0.001) were independently associated with PW (n = 17) compared with other outcomes (n = 129). Reduced airway function present in early infancy is associated with PW at 11 years of age, and this relationship is independent of the effect of increased AR and atopy in childhood.
Corynebacterium hemolyticum as a Cause of Pharyngitis and Scarlatiniform Rash in Young Adults
Authors: RICHARD A. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Over an 8-year period from 1973 through 1980, Corynebacterium hemolyticum was isolated from 103 of 24,695 throat cultures done at our hospital. Medical records were available for review from 33 of the 80 patients with a positive culture. Pharyngitis was present in all but 1, and 20 of the 32 symptomatic patients had a diffuse, erythematous, macular skin rash, often with a fine papular component, on the extremities and trunk. Screening of household contacts of 9 patients showed the presence of C. hemolyticum in the pharynges of 6 of 17 siblings but in 0 of 10 parents. Therapy with benzathine penicillin G or erythromycin resulted in rapid clinical improvement in most patients. In contrast to streptococcal pharyngitis, which is predominantly a disease of childhood, C. hemolyticum infection affects mostly teenagers and young adults: 30 of the 33 patients in this study were between the ages of 11 and 22. Within this age group, infection with C. hemolyticum is an important cause of pharyngitis associated with a scarlatiniform skin rash.
Climb every mountain, till you find for your dream
Authors: Domhnall Macauley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Warm upHappy Birthday to a legend.One giant salutes another as Jerry Morris, the doyen of British exercise epidemiology, celebrates his 90th birthday and Ralph PaVenbarger reflects on his lifetime contribution (page 217).From opposite sides of the world they will be linked forever by their dedication to a common theme and research excellence.Two masters in sports medicine.True pioneers.New frontiers in sport and exercise medicine will be at molecular level as we struggle to solve some of the mysteries of cellular metabolism.We are still learning why moderate exercise can improve immune function, yet excessive exercise may be harmful (page 161).The relationship between exercise, cancer, and the body's natural defence mechanism is closely linked too, and there is some evidence that physical activity may enhance that protective eVect.Exercise may even have a place in cancer treatment, but cancer is more associated with suVering than with sport, so that the cancer athlete takes us completely by surprise when Dimeo reminds us of last year's sporting heroes (page 160).Cellular manipulation is on July 9,
Effects of Training on the Distribution of Cardiac Output in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: JAN PRAETORIUS CLAUSEN, JENS TRAP-JENSEN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

In nine patients with coronary artery disease, cardiac output distribution was evaluated at rest and during exercise by measurement of cardiac output and regional blood flow parameters (hepatic and muscle blood flow). In seven patients repeated values were obtained after a physical training program of 4 to 10 weeks' duration. After training, cardiac output was reduced at moderate work loads (13.1%) causing a change of the relation between oxygen uptake and cardiac output from hyperkinetic to normal. During heavy exercise the cardiac output was increased (5.5%) after training. Similar changes were observed in muscle blood flow, which was reduced at submaximal loads (14.9%) and increased at maximal (8.6%). Hepatic blood flow showed in contrast a less pronounced reduction at both work loads after training (difference, 7.2%). These effects of training could be explained as peripheral regulatory alterations without implying primary improvement in myocardial performance. They are consistent with the view that local changes in the trained muscles are important for the reduction in myocardial pressure-work caused by physical conditioning.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: PETER BASSOE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis is one of three important inflammatory, nonsuppurative diseases of the central nervous system which have certain features in common. Each regularly, at least in the more severe cases, affects to some degree the whole cerebrospinal axis and its meningeal coverings; but there is nearly always a maximal involvement of some particular portion which determines the principal symptomatology in any given case. The other two diseases to which I refer are acute poliomyelitis and syphilis. To distinguish the three diseases from one another and from other diseases, it will be helpful to bear in mind a few of their salient pathologic features. <h3>POLIOMYELITIS AND ENCEPHALITIS</h3> Poliomyelitis and encephalitis both affect the interior of the nervous organs more than the meninges, and gray matter more than white matter. In both we have collars of inflammatory cells about blood vessels; but neither tends to. cause occlusion of the blood vessels.
δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Polymorphism and Risk of Brain Tumors in Adults
Authors: Preetha Rajaraman, Brian S. Schwartz, Nathaniel Rothman, Meredith Yeager, Howard A. Fine, William R. Shapiro, Robert G. Selker, Peter M. Black, Peter D. Inskip
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), which catalyzes the second step of heme synthesis, can be inhibited by several chemicals, including lead, a potential risk factor for brain tumors, particularly meningioma. In this study we examined whether the ALAD G177C polymorphism in the gene coding for ALAD is associated with risk of intracranial tumors of the brain and nervous system. We use data from a case-control study with 782 incident brain tumor cases and 799 controls frequency matched on hospital, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and residential proximity to the hospital. Blood samples were drawn and DNA subsequently sent for genotyping for 73% of subjects. ALAD genotype was determined for 94% of these samples (355 glioma, 151 meningioma, 67 acoustic neuroma, and 505 controls). Having one or more copy of the ALAD2 allele was associated with increased risk for meningioma [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.6], with the association appearing stronger in males (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3-9.2) than in females (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-2.2). No increased risk associated with the ALAD2 variant was observed for glioma or acoustic neuroma. These findings suggest that the ALAD2 allele may increase genetic susceptibility to meningioma.
378. Phase I Trial of Intravenous Infusion of Onyx 015 and Enbrel in Solid Tumor Patients
Authors: Gerald Edelman, Neil Senzer, Michael Nemunaitis, Casey Cunningham, Paige Sovern, Alex Tong, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Onyx 015 is an E1B deleted conditional replicating adenovirus which has demonstrated control of local regional disease in prior studies [E. Lin and J. Nemunaitis, Cancer Gene Ther 11, 643 (2004)] but demonstrates limited effect when administered as an intravenous therapeutic. We hypothesized that systemic activity may be potentiated by reduction of viral clearance related to tumor necrosis factor a (TNF|[alpha]|).
A HIGHLY BIOAVAILABLE OMEGA-3 FREE-FATTY ACID REDUCES NON-HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS TREATED WITH A STATIN AND RESIDUAL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA (ESPRIT TRIAL)
Authors: Kevin C. Maki, David Orloff, Stephen Nicholls, Richard Dunbar, Eli Roth, Danielle L. Curcio, Judith Johnson, Douglas F. Kling, Michael H. Davidson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Selection of Patients for Clinical Trials
Authors: P. Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (1973)

made monthly during the trial but in general they were badly recorded.Complete tablet counts were obtained for all 31 Glasgow patients but for only 6 of the 61 patients attending other centres, and the influence of the regularity of taking medication could not therefore be assessed.Data from Glasgow patients indicate that relapse was more likely in those patients who did not take their medication regularly, but the number of cases from this one centre was too small for any firm conclusion to be drawn.However, it would not be too surprising if patients took medication more regularly when regularly ask-d to return unused medication at each visit to the clinic.Dr. Leff bolsters his case by referring to the clinical arrangements made in Glasgow, and this requires some clarification.One of the difficulties in conducting this trial was that a great many patients referred to the
Early diagnostic potential for hepatocellular carcinoma using the SELDI ProteinChip system
Authors: Shuji Kanmura, Hirofumi Uto, Kazunori Kusumoto, Yoichi Ishida, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Akio Ido, Sherri Oliver Stuver, Hirohito Tsubouchi
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Early detection of HCC increases the potential for curative treatment and improves survival. To facilitate early detection of HCC, this study sought to identify novel diagnostic markers of HCC using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF/MS) ProteinChip technology. Serum samples were obtained from 153 patients with or without HCC, all of whom had been diagnosed with HCV-associated chronic liver disease. To identify proteins associated with HCC, serum samples were analyzed using SELDI-TOF/MS. We constructed an initial decision tree for the correct diagnosis of HCC using serum samples from patients with (n = 35) and without (n = 44) HCC. Six protein peaks were selected to construct a decision tree using this first group. The efficacy of the decision tree was then assessed using a second group of patients with (n = 29) and without (n = 33) HCC. The sensitivity and specificity of this decision tree for the diagnosis of HCC were 83% and 76%, respectively. For a third group, we analyzed sera from seven patients with HCC obtained before the diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography (US) and from five patients free of HCC for the past 3 years. Use of these diagnostic markers predicted the diagnosis of HCC in six of these seven patients before HCC was clinically apparent without any false positives. Conclusion: Serum profiling using the SELDI ProteinChip system is useful for the early detection and prediction of HCC in patients with chronic HCV infection. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:948–956.)
The calcium channel blocker amlodipine promotes the unclamping of eNOS from caveolin in endothelial cells
Authors: S BATOVA, J DEWEVER, T GODFRAIND, J BALLIGAND, C DESSY, O FERON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB) known to stimulate nitric oxide production from endothelial cells. Whether this ancillary property can be related to the capacity of amlodipine to concentrate and alter the structure of cholesterol-containing membrane bilayers is a matter of investigation. Here, we reasoned that since the endothelial nitric oxide synthase is, in part, expressed in cholesterol-rich plasmalemmal microdomains (e.g., caveolae and rafts), amlodipine could interfere with this specific locale of the enzyme and thereby modulate NO production in endothelial cells.Using a method combining lubrol-based extraction and subcellular fractionation on sucrose gradient, we found that amlodipine, but not verapamil or nifedipine, induced the segregation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) from caveolin-enriched low-density membranes (8+/-2% vs. 42+/-3% in untreated condition; P<0.01). We then performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments and found that amlodipine dose-dependently disrupted the caveolin/eNOS interaction contrary to other calcium channel blockers, and potentiated the stimulation of NO production by agonists such as bradykinin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (+138+/-28% and +183+/-27% over values obtained with the agonist alone, respectively; P<0.01). Interestingly, we also documented that the dissociation of the caveolin/eNOS heterocomplex induced by amlodipine was not mediated by the traditional calcium-dependent calmodulin binding to eNOS and that recombinant caveolin expression could compete with the stimulatory effects of amlodipine on eNOS activity. Finally, we showed that the amlodipine-triggered, caveolin-dependent mechanism of eNOS activation was independent of other pleiotropic effects of the CCB such as superoxide anion scavenging and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.This study unravels the modulatory effects of amlodipine on caveolar integrity and the capacity of caveolin to maintain eNOS in its vicinity in the absence of any detectable changes in intracellular calcium levels. The resulting increase in caveolin-free eNOS potentiates the NO production in response to agonists including VEGF and bradykinin. More generally, this work opens new avenues of treatment for drugs able to structurally alter signaling pathways concentrated in caveolae.
Plea for Greater Use of Cytological Studies in Early Detection of Cancer
Authors: J. G. S. Crabbe, M. E. Egerton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

JOURNAL-(4) The mortality from tumours of bones other than limb bones shows only a faint peak at ages 20-24 years.(5) At ages under 45 years the mortality is approximately equal in both sexes.(6) At ages 45 years and over there is a sharp increase in the mortality among men but very little increase among women.In the absence of Paget's disease the discrepancy is more marked and among women the mortality remains practically constant.The male excess in this group is due principally to tumours of the ribs and shoulder-girdle.No significant difference in the geographical distribu- tion of bone-tumour mortality has been demonstrated.We are grateful for the helpful advice of Dr. R.
Women, autoimmunity, and cancer: a dangerous liaison between estrogen and activation-induced deaminase?
Authors: Robert W. Maul, Patricia J. Gearhart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Why women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases is not completely clear, but new data suggest that the hormone estrogen may play an important role. A new study now shows that estrogen activates the expression of activation-induced deaminase (AID), a protein that drives antibody diversification by deaminating cytosine in DNA to uracil. If estrogen increases the level of AID, increased mutations could transform benign antibodies into anti-self pariahs. AID might also contribute to cancer—particularly in breast tissue, which is highly responsive to estrogen—by introducing mutations and strand breaks into the genome.
Haematoma of the Umbilical Cord
Authors: F. H. Evason
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Microsporosis due to M. Canis in Schoolchildren and Domestic AnimalsIn spite of improved standards in hygiene and public health in modern times microsporosis among schoolchildren still occurs often enough to be a cause for anxiety to both public health and educational authorities.In some districts a periodic check-up on children attending school or living in institutions is sufficient to control its spread; in others such measures applied only to children are not sufficient.
Second-Generation Anti–Carcinoembryonic Antigen Designer T Cells Resist Activation-Induced Cell Death, Proliferate on Tumor Contact, Secrete Cytokines, and Exhibit Superior Antitumor Activity<i>In vivo</i>: A Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Peter C.R. Emtage, Agnes S.Y. Lo, Erica M. Gomes, David L. Liu, Rosa M. Gonzalo-Daganzo, Richard P. Junghans
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: This report describes the development and preclinical qualification tests of second-generation anti-carcinoembryonic (CEA) designer T cells for use in human trials. Experimental Design: The progenitor first-generation immunoglobulin-T-cell receptor (IgTCR) that transmits Signal 1-only effectively mediated chimeric immune receptor (CIR)–directed cytotoxicity, but expressor T cells succumbed to activation-induced cell death (AICD). The second-generation CIR (termed “Tandem” for two signals) was designed to transmit TCR Signal 1 and CD28 Signal 2 to render T cells resistant to AICD and provide prolonged antitumor effect in vivo. Results: A CIR was created that combines portions of CD28, TCRζ, and a single chain antibody domain (sFv) specific for CEA into a single molecule (IgCD28TCR). As designed, the gene-modified Tandem T cells exhibit the new property of being resistant to AICD, showing instead an accelerated proliferation on tumor contact. Tandem T cells are more potent than first generation in targeting and lysing CEA+ tumor. Tandem T cells secrete high levels of interleukin-2 and IFNγ on tumor contact that first-generation T cells lacked, but secretion was exhaustible, suggesting a need for interleukin-2 supplementation in therapy even for these second-generation agents. Finally, second-generation T cells were more effective in suppressing tumor in animal models. Conclusion: An advanced generation of anti-CEA designer T cells is described with features that promise a more potent and enduring antitumor immune response in vivo. These preclinical data qualify the human use of this agent that is currently undergoing trial in patients with CEA+ cancers.
Knee pain in sports people--a prospective study.
Authors: T Gibson, J E Davies, J Crane, A N Henry
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

Knee pain caused by sport is a common cause of rheumatic symptoms. Clinical diagnosis is frequently difficult and an attempt was therefore made to determine whether particular symptoms and signs were sufficiently characteristic in 129 patients to enable easier recognition of knee disorders. Strict criteria for arthrography and arthroscopy included classical features of internal derangement or disabling pain. Arthrograms were performed in 39 and arthroscopy in 30, revealing good concordance for meniscal tears but none for cruciate tears. Classical histories and signs were often absent from patients with meniscal and cruciate tears. Patellar pain was a prominent symptom of 58 (45%). Questionnaires one year after assessment were returned by 91 (70%). Many patients had persistent symptoms or were unable to resume their sports. The unreliability of clinical diagnosis suggests that more frequent arthroscopic examinations could have increased the recognition of meniscal and cruciate tears.
VINCENT'S (FLTSOSPIRILLARY) INFECTION OF THE EAR
Authors: L. H. Barenberg
Journal: JAMA (1930)

During the past few years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the rôle of spirochetes and fusiform bacilli in the pathogenesis of disease. It has been shown that these organisms are capable of producing pathologic changes not only in the tonsils but in other organs of the body. For example the gums, bronchi, lungs, pleura, nose, brain and the genitalia may be the seat of fusospirillary infection. A knowledge of the various locations of the body which may be attacked by these organisms is of importance, as by the administration of arsenical preparations we are usually able to check the progress of fusospirillary conditions in a short time. It must be remembered that the lesions produced by these organisms may be very progressive and that if prompt treatment is not instituted extensive necrosis and at times even death may result. The occurrence of spirochetes and fusiform bacilli
Low-dose PUVA maintenance in psoriasis following Ingram therapy
Authors: P.C.M. KERKHOF, J.W.H. MALI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Following the initial treatment of severe psoriasis with conventional Ingram therapy, it is shown that PUVA maintenance at a mean dose-rate of 28.6 J/cm2/month increases the average period of remission from 7 weeks to more than a year. Surprisingly, the patients who withdrew from maintenance therapy whilst still in remission have so far continued (10 months) to show an extremely low relapse rate.
Deregulated Overexpression of hCdt1 and hCdc6 Promotes Malignant Behavior
Authors: Michalis Liontos, Marilena Koutsami, Maria Sideridou, Konstantinos Evangelou, Dimitris Kletsas, Brynn Levy, Athanassios Kotsinas, Odelia Nahum, Vassilis Zoumpourlis, Mirsini Kouloukoussa, Zoi Lygerou, Stavros Taraviras, Christos Kittas, Jirina Bartkova, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Jiri Bartek, Thanos D. Halazonetis, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The accurate execution of DNA replication requires a strict control of the replication licensing factors hCdt1 and hCdc6. The role of these key replication molecules in carcinogenesis has not been clarified. To examine how early during cancer development deregulation of these factors occurs, we investigated their status in epithelial lesions covering progressive stages of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and full malignancy, mostly from the same patients. Abnormal accumulation of both proteins occurred early from the stage of dysplasia. A frequent cause of unregulated hCdc6 and hCdt1 expression was gene amplification, suggesting that these components can play a role per se in cancer development. Overexpression of hCdt1 and hCdc6 promoted rereplication and generated a DNA damage response, which activated the antitumor barriers of senescence and apoptosis. Generating an inducible hCdt1 cellular system, we observed that continuous stimulus by deregulated hCdt1 led to abrogation of the antitumor barriers and resulted in the selection of clones with more aggressive properties. In addition, stable expression of hCdc6 and hCdt1 in premalignant papilloma cells led to transformation of the cells that produced tumors upon injection into nude mice depicting the oncogenic potential of their deregulation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10899–909]