tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Based Method for Quantifying Recruitment of Monocytes to Mouse Atherosclerotic Lesions In Vivo
Authors: Silvio Litovsky, Mohammad Madjid, Alireza Zarrabi, S. Ward Casscells, James T. Willerson, Morteza Naghavi
Journal: Circulation (2003)

It has been found recently that the MRI contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) localizes to aortic atherosclerotic plaques. We therefore asked whether SPIO might be used to monitor monocyte recruitment into aortic atherosclerotic plaques.Eleven female apo E knockout (K/O) mice, each 11 months old, were divided into 2 groups. Six mice received tissue necrosis factor-alpha (0.2 microg IP once), interleukin-1beta (0.2 micro g IP once), and interferon-gamma (100 U/g per day IP for 5 days); 5 received 0.5 mL saline containing 1% BSA and served as sham-treated atherosclerotic controls. Two wild-type C57BL/6 mice served as sham-treated nonatherosclerotic controls. Three hours after initial cytokine or sham treatment, all mice received SPIO by intravenous injection (1 mmol/kg iron). Six days later, all mice were euthanized, the hearts and aortas were perfused under physiological pressure, and the entire aortas were studied histologically. Atherosclerotic plaques in cytokine-treated mice contained more iron-positive macrophages per cross section than did those in sham-treated apo E K/O control mice (42+/-11.8 versus 11.6+/-5.9) (P<0.0001). Iron-laden macrophages were present either in subendothelial plaque surfaces or in thin layers overlying the internal elastic lamina, often at the edges of atherosclerotic plaques. No iron deposition was seen in aortas of the wild-type nonatherosclerotic control mice. Immunocytochemistry showed mostly macrophages and few T lymphocytes in atherosclerotic plaques of cytokine-treated mice.SPIO allows detection of iron-laden macrophages in the aortic subendothelium of apo E-deficient mice under basal conditions and monitoring of monocyte recruitment after cytokine injection.
Effects of oxygen inhalation on skin microcirculation in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
Authors: O Bongard, H Bounameaux, B Fagrell
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Oxygen administration is currently used in clinical medicine to improve peripheral oxygen delivery to tissues threatened by ischemia. However, conflicting results have been reported on the effects of oxygen in ischemic areas. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of 40% oxygen inhalation on the skin microcirculation in the feet of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). METHODS AND RESULTS Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc PO2) was measured on the dorsal skin of the foot, and the nailfold microcirculation was investigated by a combination of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and dynamic capillaroscopy (CBV) in the great toes of 17 legs of 11 patients, with 13 legs of eight normal subjects as a control group. Inhalation of oxygen induced a significant decrease of both the total (delta LDF, -307%, p less than 0.02) and nutritional (delta CBV, -17%, p less 0.002) skin microcirculation in normal legs compared with baseline values. A similar response was observed in 10 legs of patients who showed a significant increase of the tc PO2 (greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg) (delta LDF, -14%, NS; delta CBV, -13%, p less than 0.005). By contrast, both the total (+21%, p less than 0.03) and nutritional (+52%, p less than 0.05) circulation significantly increased in the seven legs without significant tc PO2 increase. In addition, the flow motion, which was impaired in the patients, was significantly (p less than 0.05) improved by oxygen inhalation. CONCLUSIONS Inhalation of 40% oxygen induces a vasoconstriction in the skin microcirculation of toes of the normal subjects and patients with moderate PAOD but induces an increase of the skin microcirculation in patients with severe PAOD.
Protective efficacy and safety of three antimalarial regimens for intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Roly D Gosling, Samwel Gesase, Jacklin F Mosha, Ilona Carneiro, Ramadhan Hashim, Martha Lemnge, Frank W Mosha, Brian Greenwood, Daniel Chandramohan
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Development of Clinical and Economic Prognoses From Medicare Claims Data
Authors: Gerard Anderson, Earl P. Steinberg, Jeffrey Whittle, Neil R. Powe, Shlomi Antebi, Robert Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Using a 5% nationally random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we calculated the probability of dying, the probability of being readmitted, and the mean level of inpatient hospital expenditures within various time periods following discharge for those beneficiaries who were discharged alive from an acute-care hospital during 1983. We then examined the 674 most common principal discharge diagnoses and found significant variations by diagnosis code for all three outcomes. We believe that analyses of claims data by diagnosis code can provide useful information to clinicians and their patients regarding the clinical and economic prognosis of specific diseases, help managed-care programs identify patients likely to incur substantial costs over a several-year period, and inform insurers regarding the expected level of resources that will be used following discharge for patients with specific diseases.
Re: Kyu-Sing Lee, Myung-Soo Choo, Chin Kyung Doo, et al. The Long Term (5-Years) Objective TVT Success Rate Does not Depend on Predictive Factors at Multivariate Analysis. A Multicentre Retrospective Study. Eur Urol 2008; 53:176–83
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Walter Artibani
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Scientists speak out against activists' pressure preventing animal imports
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Scientists have spoken out against the decision by UK ferry companies and airlines to stop transporting animals for research after pressure from animal rights activists.

Since 2005 anti-vivisectionists have been targeting airlines, ferry, and freight companies that transport animals for research. Recently the “Gateway to Hell” name has been revived, which has included demonstrations, throwing paint in airports, and Facebook and email campaigns.

An investigation by the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 highlighted the fact that after the pressure all ferry companies and all but two airlines have stopped importing animals destined for research laboratories. The last ferry company, Stena, stopped transporting animals in January. As a result of the ongoing campaign animals often have to be flown …
Ureteral Vascular Rejection in Human Renal Transplants
Authors: Meryl H. Haber
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE URETER is an integral part of the human renal transplant. Previous studies have noted vascular abnormalities in the kidneys of patients with rejected renal transplants.<sup>1-3</sup>However, these reports have not commented upon the presence or absence of similar changes in the ureter. Microscopic studies of the ureter in two patients who have died with homotransplanted kidneys showed rejection type vascular changes not unlike those described in the kidneys.<sup>1-3</sup> <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 51-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of arterial and arteriolar nephrosclerosis, intercapillary glomerulosclerosis, hypertension, and terminal uremia. These conditions were diagnosed 16 months prior to this hospital admission and there was slight improvement with periodic hemodialysis and intermittent peritoneal dialysis. The patient was admitted to Passavant Memorial Hospital in October 1964 for renewal of his hemodialysis regimen. At this time his blood pressure was 218/104 mm Hg. Blood sugar levels ranged
Safety and Efficacy of a Testosterone Metered-Dose Transdermal Spray for Treating Decreased Sexual Satisfaction in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Susan Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: It is not known whether premenopausal women who report low sexual satisfaction and have low circulating testosterone levels will benefit from testosterone therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effects of exogenous testosterone in premenopausal women reporting diminished sexual function. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Setting: 6 Australian medical centers. Patients: 261 women age 35 to 46 years who reported a decrease in satisfying sexual activity relative to their younger years and had a morning serum free testosterone level less than 3.8 pmol/L (<1.1 pg/mL). Intervention: 3 different doses of testosterone administered by a metered-dose transdermal spray for 16 weeks or placebo. Measurements: The primary outcome was the mean number of self-reported satisfactory sexual events (SSEs) over 28 days at week 16. The frequency of SSEs, total number of sexual events (every 4 weeks), scores from the modified Sabbatsberg Sexual Self-Rating Scale and the Psychological General Well-Being Index, and safety variables were also measured. Results: The number of SSEs increased during the treatment period in the active treatment groups and the placebo group. The mean number of SSEs over 28 days at week 16 was statistically significantly greater for women treated with the intermediate dose of testosterone therapy (one 90-μL spray) than for women treated with placebo. The least-squares mean was 2.48 versus 1.70 SSEs, respectively (event rate ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.01 to 2.18]; P = 0.04). The frequency of SSEs in women treated with low and high doses of testosterone did not differ from that in women who took placebo. The rate ratios based on the least-squares mean rates of SSEs during weeks 4 to 16 for each treatment group showed statistically significant or borderline significant increases in all testosterone groups compared with the placebo group. The rate ratios for the one 56-μL spray, one 90-µL spray, and two 90-μL sprays treatment groups were 1.34 (CI, 0.97 to 1.85; P = 0.081), 1.48 (CI, 1.07 to 2.06; P = 0.018), and 1.38 (CI, 1.00 to 1.92; P = 0.052), respectively. At week 16, 95% of women treated with the one 90-μL dose had a free testosterone level less than the upper limit of the reference range for women. The most frequently reported adverse event was hypertrichosis, which was dose-related and mostly confined to the application site. No clinically relevant changes in blood test values, serum biochemical variables, or vital signs occurred. Limitation: The study duration was short, and the placebo effect was strong. Conclusion: A daily 90-μL dose of transdermal testosterone improves self-reported sexual satisfaction for premenopausal women with reduced libido and low serum-free testosterone levels by a mean of 0.8 SSE per month. The rate of SSEs with higher and lower testosterone doses did not differ from that with placebo.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for the Detection of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Omar Wever-Pinzon, Jorge Romero, Iosif Kelesidis, James Wever-Pinzon, Carlos Manrique, Deborah Budge, Stavros G Drakos, Ileana L Piña, Abdallah G Kfoury, Mario J Garcia, Josef Stehlik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Sudden Deaths in Young Competitive Athletes: Analysis of 1866 Deaths in the United States, 1980–2006”
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Joseph J. Doerer, Tammy S. Haas, David M. Tierney, Frederick O. Mueller
Journal: Circulation (2009)

We appreciate the comments of Corrado et al with respect to our 27-year registry, 1 which provides absolute numbers for sudden deaths occurring in young US athletes.The authors are correct in asserting (as we have) that there are limitations in collecting data for such registries-ie, it is not possible to identify each sudden death occurring in young athletes in the United States without mandated national reporting (which, in fact, does not exist in any country).However, on the basis of the intensive methods used to identify and track these deaths, we have every reason to believe that our data over the past several years represent a reasonable estimate of this low-event rate phenomenon.3][4] Our Minnesota data for high school athletes place the risk of sudden death at 1:217,000 per year. 4To argue, as Corrado et al have, that sudden deaths in young athletes are somehow common is inconsistent with virtually all available data, with the exception of the extraordinarily high sudden death rate in 1979 -1981 in the Veneto region of Italy (Ͼ4 deaths/100,000 per year). 5Notably, Veneto is a unique geographic area (only 9% of the Italian population) in which the most common cause of sudden death in young athletes has been arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.The reason that the Italian model for mass screening of athletes (with routine electrocardiograms) is not likely to be exported to the United States is not necessarily the low event rate, nor even cost, but rather that a national mandatory screening strategy (preferentially offered to athletes) would be impractical and unrealistic with respect to our current healthcare system and practice patterns.
Is Hypertension the Key to Reaching the Healthy People 2000 Goals by 2020?Comment on “Racial Differences in the Impact of Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure on Stroke Risk”
Authors: Anthony S. Kim, S. Claiborne Johnston
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

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Localization of Cancer Susceptibility Genes by Genome-wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Linkage-Disequilibrium Mapping
Authors: Nandita Mitra, Tian-Zhang Ye, Alex Smith, Shaokun Chuai, Tomas Kirchhoff, Paolo Peterlongo, Khedoudja Nafa, Michael S. Phillips, Kenneth Offit, Nathan A. Ellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

With the large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available and new technologies that permit high throughput genotyping, we have investigated the possibility of the localization of disease genes with genome-wide panels of SNP markers and taking advantage of the linkage-disequilibrium (LD) between the disease gene and closely linked markers. For this purpose, we selected cases from the Ashkenazi Jewish population, in which the mutant alleles are expected to be identical by descent from a common founder and the regions of LD encompassing these mutant alleles are large. As a validation of this approach for localization, we performed two trials: one in autosomal recessive Bloom syndrome, in which a unique mutation of the BLM gene is present at elevated frequencies in cases, and the other in autosomal dominant hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), in which a unique mutation of MSH2 is present at elevated frequencies. In the Bloom syndrome trial, we genotyped 3,258 SNPs in 10 Jewish Bloom syndrome cases and 31 non-Bloom syndrome Jewish persons as a comparison group. In the HNPCC trial, we genotyped 8,549 SNPS in 13 Jewish HNPCC cases whose colon cancers exhibited microsatellite instability and in 63 healthy Jews as a comparison group. To identify significant associations, we performed (a) Fisher's exact test comparing genotypes at each locus in cases versus controls and (b) a haplotype analysis by estimating the frequency of haplotypes with the expectation-maximization algorithm and comparing haplotype frequencies in cases versus controls by logistic regression and a maximum likelihood ratio method. In the Bloom syndrome trial, by Fisher's exact test, statistically significant association was detected at a single locus, TSC0754862, which is a locus 1.7 million bp from BLM. Two-locus, three-locus, and four-locus haplotypes that included TSC0754862 and flanked BLM were also statistically more frequent in cases versus controls. In the HNPCC trial, although a significant P value was not obtained by the single SNP genotype analysis, significant associations were detected for several multilocus haplotypes in an 11-million-bp region that contained the MSH2 gene. This work demonstrates the power of the LD mapping approach in an isolated population and its general applicability to the identification of novel cancer-causing genes.
Brave New EMR
Authors: Stuart Lewis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor1 March 2011Brave New EMRStuart Lewis, MDStuart Lewis, MDFrom New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10012.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Last year, prompted by my faith in technology and an innovative program funded by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, I took the great leap forward to a totally electronic medical record. Going “live” is what my project manager at the software company called it. She guided me through thickets of timetable confirmations, equipment inventories, data migration assessments, benchmark checklists, and conference calls requiring 7-digit check-in IDs. She sent me regular e-mails to make sure that everything was in order and never forgot to append to each e-mail an invitation to the National Users' Conference at ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10012.Corresponding Author: Stuart Lewis, MD, New York University School of Medicine, 594 Broadway, Suite 310, New York, NY 10012; e-mail, stuart.[email protected]nyu.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPublic Health Informatics in the Larger Context of Biomedical and Health InformaticsCooperative Epistemic Work in Medical Practice: An Analysis of Physicians’ Clinical NotesThe Psychophysics of Transition to Long Term Care 1 March 2011Volume 154, Issue 5Page: 368-369KeywordsChartsComputersElectrode recordingElectronic medical recordsHealth surveysPhoton absorptiometryPsychiatry and mental healthResearch laboratoriesSoftware designVascular diseases ePublished: 1 March 2011 Issue Published: 1 March 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Deoxyribonucleic acid amplification and hybridisation in Crohn's disease using a chlamydial plasmid probe.
Authors: B H McGarity, D A Robertson, I N Clarke, R Wright
Journal: Gut (1991)

The possibility that Crohn9s disease is caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was examined by probing for chlamydial plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in DNA extracts from Crohn9s disease tissue and by means of a serological study. Gut DNA extracts were obtained from 10 patients with Crohn9s disease and four control subjects and were probed with a chlamydial plasmid probe after Southern blotting. The polymerase chain reaction was also used to amplify any chlamydial plasmid DNA present in tissue DNA extracts, before Southern blotting and probing. Chlamydial proctitis control specimens were not available: gut DNA extracts mixed with traces of chlamydia plasmid served as positive controls. Using these techniques, no chlamydial plasmid DNA sequences were found in Crohn9s disease tissue. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for C trachomatis LI was performed on 48 patients with Crohn9s disease and 48 control subjects. Seropositivity was present in 14.6% of patients and 29% of control subjects and was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). The failure to show chlamydial DNA and the lack of serological response to chlamydia make C trachomatis infection a very unlikely factor in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease.
NHS spending on independent services is up by more than 10%
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Primary care trusts in England spent 10.7% more on services commissioned from independent healthcare providers in 2011-12 than in the previous year, new data show. This compares with a 3.5% rise in total healthcare spending.

The analysis by the healthcare intelligence consultancy Laing & Buisson comes as a leaked letter from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges to the health minister Lord Howe expresses grave concern that the government’s changes to healthcare are leading to creeping privatisation.1

NHS Financial Information 2013 shows that total NHS spending on healthcare services supplied by private companies and …
BM-08 * PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR SRS-TREATED PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL METASTASIS: IMPLICATIONS ON RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL DESIGN AND INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS
Authors: C. Chen, D. Gonda, T. Kim, S. Goetsch, T. Kawabe, S. Watanabe, J. Alksne, J. Hattangadi, K. Ott, D. Hodgens, B. Carter, M. Yamamoto
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Defining key prognostic factors for patients with cerebral metastases who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment will greatly facilitate future clinical trial designs. However, these is little agreement in terms of these prognostic factors in the existing literature. METHODS: We adopted a two-phase study design where results from one cohort were validated in a second independent cohort. The exploratory analysis reviewed the survival outcomes of 1017 consecutive patients (with 3610 metastases) who underwent Gamma radiosurgery at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)/San Diego Gamma Knife Center (SDGKC). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. Results were validated using data derived from 2253 consecutive patients (with 17,539 metastases) treated with SRS at the Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWMU). RESULTS: For the SDGKC cohort, the median overall survival of patients following SRS was 7 months. Two year follow-up data was available for 85 % of the patients. Multivariable analysis found that patient age, Karnofsky performance score, systemic cancer status, tumor histology, number of metastasis, and cumulative tumor volume independently associated with overall survival (p < 0.001). All statistical associations were validated in multivariate analysis of data derived from the TWMU cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large scale study that defined prognostic factors for SRS treated patients with cerebral metastasis using an inter-institutional validation study design. The work establishes a model for collaborative interactions between large volume centers and provides prognostic variables that should be incorporated into future clinical trial design.