tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography in the evaluation of bone erosions
Authors: W Grassi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To demonstrate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in depicting erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to compare sonographic and radiographic findings. <h3>METHODS</h3> Sonographic images were obtained with an AU-4 Idea Esaote Biomedica (Genoa, Italy) equipped with a 13 MHz linear transducer. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The images reported in this essay are representative examples of the ability of ultrasonography to detect and characterise even minimal bone margin changes in rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Ultrasonography with very high frequency transducers can depict bone erosions in early target areas of bone resorption. However, further studies are needed to validate this technique and to evaluate the relation between sonographic findings and those obtained with other imaging techniques (standard radiology, magnetic resonance).
New Food Label to Enhance Healthful Diets
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recent Advances in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Edited by M S Bhutani, R K Tandon. Jaypee Brothers, pp 678. ISBN 81 7179-810-1
Authors: M Bramble
Journal: Gut (2002)

This is an extremely comprehensive and well illustrated reference book for experienced endoscopists wishing to extend their area of practice to include the very latest diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It comprises seven sections covering areas that the average UK gastroenterologist would not normally enter. As a reference book for physicians, surgeons, and radiologists, I have not come across a more complete presentation of up to date techniques. The seven sections comprise upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy as well as small bowel, pancreatobiliary, laparoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and developing …
Response to Comment on Kulkarni et al. Maternal Lipids Are as Important as Glucose for Fetal Growth: Findings From the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2706–2713
Authors: Smita R. Kulkarni, K. Kumaran, Shobha R. Rao, Suresh D. Chougule, Tukaram M. Deokar, Ankush B. Bhalerao, Vishnu A. Solat, Dattatray S. Bhat, Caroline H.D. Fall, Chittaranjan S. Yajnik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We thank Sahoo et al. (1) for their interest in our article (2) and for their comments. Our study did not show an association between HDL cholesterol levels and birth size (2). Sahoo et al. allude to three articles (3–5) that suggest that our findings are unusual. However, we believe our results are compatible with these studies. In the study by Misra et al. (3), there was an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and birth weight only in overweight/obese women (i.e., BMI >25 kg/m2). In our study, the average BMI was ∼18 kg/m2, and this may explain …
High-Risk Populations Identified in Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Investigations: Implications for Risk-Based Surveillance
Authors: Melissa M. Hudson, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Daniel C. Bowers, Charles A. Sklar, Daniel M. Green, Sarah S. Donaldson, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Joseph P. Neglia, Anna T. Meadows, Leslie L. Robison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Childhood cancer survivors often experience complications related to cancer and its treatment that may adversely affect quality of life and increase the risk of premature death. The purpose of this manuscript is to review how data derived from Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) investigations have facilitated identification of childhood cancer survivor populations at high risk for specific organ toxicity and secondary carcinogenesis and how this has informed clinical screening practices. Articles previously published that used the resource of the CCSS to identify risk factors for specific organ toxicity and subsequent cancers were reviewed and results summarized. CCSS investigations have characterized specific groups to be at highest risk of morbidity related to endocrine and reproductive dysfunction, pulmonary toxicity, cerebrovascular injury, neurologic and neurosensory sequelae, and subsequent neoplasms. Factors influencing risk for specific outcomes related to the individual survivor (eg, sex, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, attained age), sociodemographic status (eg, education, household income, health insurance) and cancer history (eg, diagnosis, treatment, time from diagnosis) have been consistently identified. These CCSS investigations that clarify risk for treatment complications related to specific treatment modalities, cumulative dose exposures, and sociodemographic factors identify profiles of survivors at high risk for cancer-related morbidity who deserve heightened surveillance to optimize outcomes after treatment for childhood cancer.
Chemotherapy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1959)

chest disease, therefore, is to limit antibiotics to acute phases of illness or to short periods of treatment in those who have undergone slow deterioration as a result of insidious exacerbation of symptoms.In both instances, antibiotics form only a part of the therapeutic armamentarium-a very different statement from the role of antibiotics in pneumionia.
Local treatment with IL-12 is an effective inhibitor of airway hyperresponsiveness and lung eosinophilia after airway challenge in sensitized mice
Authors: Jürgen Schwarze, Eckard Hamelmann, Grzegorz Cieslewicz, Adrian Tomkinson, Anthony Joetham, Katherine Bradley, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Reactions to the chief medical officer's report
Authors: Graeme Catto
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I have stated publicly and often that the GMC enthusiastically supports the principles underpinning Good Doctors, Safer Patients —protecting patients, raising public and professional confidence in the regulatory system, setting clear standards for entry to the profession, and maintaining those standards throughout doctors' careers. An independent and accountable system of medical regulation commanding confidence is …
Complications Associated with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1962)

TWO DECADES AGO Hofmann ' accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic activity of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Its ability to induce a model psychosis makes it an excellent laboratory device for the study of psychotic-like phenomena. LSD-25 has also been employed as an adjunct to psychotherapy because recall of repressed memories is enhanced and ego defensiveness to conflict laden material is reduced. Interest in this indole increased when it was found to be a serotonin antagonist that altered cerebral synaptic transmission. Almost 1,000 articles have reported on every aspect of its chemical, biological, and psychological activity.  A substance capable of evoking such profound psychic symptoms as delusions, hallucinations, depersonalization, and euphoria or depression could be expected to have serious side effects. For this reason a survey of investigations using LSD-25 was carried out in 1960. The results of this inquiry and of a literature search revealed very few toxic or psychologic complications.
Systematic Review: A Century of Inhalational Anthrax Cases from 1900 to 2005
Authors: Jon-Erik C. Holty, Dena M. Bravata, Hau Liu, Richard A. Olshen, Kathryn M. McDonald, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Mortality from inhalational anthrax during the 2001 U.S. attack was substantially lower than that reported historically. Purpose: To systematically review all published inhalational anthrax case reports to evaluate the predictors of disease progression and mortality. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966–2005), 14 selected journal indexes (1900–1966), and bibliographies of all retrieved articles. Study Selection: Case reports (in any language) between 1900 and 2005 that met predefined criteria. Data Extraction: Two authors (1 author for non–English-language reports) independently abstracted patient data. Data Synthesis: The authors found 106 reports of 82 cases of inhalational anthrax. Mortality was statistically significantly lower for patients receiving antibiotics or anthrax antiserum during the prodromal phase of disease, multidrug antibiotic regimens, or pleural fluid drainage. Patients in the 2001 U.S. attack were less likely to die than historical anthrax case-patients (45% vs. 92%; P < 0.001) and were more likely to receive antibiotics during the prodromal phase (64% vs. 13%; P < 0.001), multidrug regimens (91% vs. 50%; P = 0.027), or pleural fluid drainage (73% vs. 11%; P < 0.001). Patients who progressed to the fulminant phase had a mortality rate of 97% (regardless of the treatment they received), and all patients with anthrax meningoencephalitis died. Limitations: This was a retrospective case review of previously published heterogeneous reports. Conclusions: Despite advances in supportive care, fulminant-phase inhalational anthrax is usually fatal. Initiation of antibiotic or anthrax antiserum therapy during the prodromal phase is associated with markedly improved survival, although other aspects of care, differences in clinical circumstances, or unreported factors may contribute to this observed reduction in mortality. Efforts to improve early diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics are critical to reducing mortality.
Abstract 2590: A novel use of E2f and Cdk inhibitors to prevent <i>RB</i>-null tumours in genetically engineered models of retinoblastoma
Authors: Sean R. McCurdy, Ahmed Aman, Izhar Livne-Bar, Monika Sangwan, Danian Chen, Rima Al-awar, Rod Bremner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Over the past few decades, extensive mouse and human genetics have implicated deregulated E2f and Cdk activity in cell exit escape and tumorigenesis. In flies, activating E2f or Cdk causes temporary abnormal division, but both must be induced for long-term aberrant proliferation - a hallmark in benign tumor-prone lesions. Almost invariably, defects in the Rb-E2f or Cip/Kip Cdk inhibitor (CKI)-Cdk2/1 cell cycle regulatory pathways occur together in human cancer. Despite this, little is known in regards to whether dual activation is an obligate feature for tumor susceptibility at initiation in vivo. In human retinoblastoma, homozygous RB1 inactivation is sufficient to initiate the disease. However, mouse retinoblastoma requires inactivation of both Rb1 and one of its family members (p107 or p130). Like pRb, p107 and p130 are best known as E2f inhibitors. Unexpectedly, the additional loss of p107 does not elevate E2f targets follow Rb loss. Instead, Rb/p107-deficient cells induce the E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2 and activate Cdk2 in vivo. Strikingly, Cdk2 activity tightly correlates with susceptibility to retinoblastoma in our mouse models. Compiling this data, tumorigenesis may have two distinct steps: (1) Rb loss initiates abnormal division, and (2) the additional loss of p107 or, as we have found, p27kip1, both of which lead to Cdk2 activation is required to engender cancer susceptibility. Together, E2f and Cdk dual axes activity is essential for retinoblastoma initiation. To test this notion pharmaceutically, we treated retinoblastoma-prone mice with a Cdk or E2f small molecule inhibitor during the birth period of suspected cancer cell-of-origin. Strikingly, one-week exposure to an inhibitor of either axes curtailed retinoblastoma in Rb/p107- null and Rb/p27-null retinas. These therapeutic successes were achieved without disrupting normal proliferation. Thus, E2f inhibitors, untested in vivo, or Cdk inhibitors, largely unproven as therapeutics, may be ideal chemopreventative agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2590. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2590
Possible environmental hazards of gas cooking
Authors: M C S Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ETFs attract investors who are driven by their personal values in investing, but also by investors who believe that ESG investing will produce a favorable return–risk tradeoff. This article looks at the risk and return characteristics of ESG ETFs since their inception (February 2005) through July 2019 and compares them with investable proxies for US (Russell 3000 ETF—IWV) and global (SPDR<sup>®</sup> Global Dow ETF—DGT) equity markets. Using absolute and risk-adjusted performance measures, the author finds that equal- and value-weighted ESG portfolios outperformed the IWV and DGT in some periods and underperformed in others. However, during the entire period, IWV and DGT outperformed ESG portfolios and had higher absolute- and risk-adjusted performance. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchange-traded funds and applications, ESG investing <b>Key Findings</b> • Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ETFs attract investors who are driven by their personal values in investing, but also by investors who believe that ESG investing will produce a favorable return–risk tradeoff. • This article looks at the risk and return characteristics of ESG ETFs since their inception (February 2005) through July 2019 and compares them with the US (Russell 3000 ETF—IWV) and global (SPDR<sup>®</sup> Global Dow ETF—DGT) equity markets. • The period of study is divided into two bull markets (February 2005 to September 2007 and April 2009 to July 2019) and one bear market (October 2007 to March 2009). ESG portfolios outperformed IWV and DGT in some periods and underperformed in others. However, during the entire period, both IWV and DGT outperformed ESG portfolios, with higher absolute- and risk-adjusted performance. • Results indicate that investors can definitely allocate a portion of their portfolios toward their desired ESG investment as it would help them diversify and lower risk.
Biological Actions of Androgens
Authors: A. D. MOORADIAN, J. E. MORLEY, S. G. KORENMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

WHILE the role of estrogens in women has received a great deal of scientific attention, the analogous questions regarding the role of androgens in men have received relatively little attention. To date we do not know the frequency or extent to which men become androgen deprived as they age, the consequences for longevity, and the adverse effects of androgen deficiency on the quality of life. This review is designed to focus on the biological actions of androgens and on the consequences of a decline in androgen availability. The secretion and metabolism of androgens to biologically active products will be discussed briefly. We will not emphasize the developmental effects of androgens or elaborate on the molecular mechanism of transcriptional control. We will try to distinguish between physiological and pharmacological effects of the hormones and will attempt to identify the active product responsible for the action in the tissue of interest.
Lincoln-Marfan Debate...
Authors: J. Willard Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An editorial entitled "Lincoln's Inheritance" (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>: 530 [Feb 15] 1964) asks the question: "Was [the syndrome] inherited through his mother, Nancy Hanks, as Dr. Gordon suggests, or through his father, Thomas Lincoln, as Dr. Schwartz suggests?" The answer to this question is available and is a very simple one: Mr. Lincoln did not inherit Marfan's syndrome from either parent because he did not have Marfan's syndrome. Abraham Lincoln was, without the slightest doubt, the healthiest and the most versatile, able-bodied president the United States has ever had; in all probability there will never be another president possessing such a magnitude of physical and mental stamina. Judged by modern standards of athletes, Abraham Lincoln would easily qualify as a topflight all-American in several fields of sports and with proper training as a young man would have returned from the Olympics with several gold medals. I am not
A Peptide-based Vector for Efficient Gene Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Taavi Lehto, Oscar E Simonson, Imre Mäger, Kariem Ezzat, Helena Sork, Dana-Maria Copolovici, Joana R Viola, Eman M Zaghloul, Per Lundin, Pedro MD Moreno, Maarja Mäe, Nikita Oskolkov, Julia Suhorutšenko, CI Edvard Smith, Samir EL Andaloussi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Finding suitable nonviral delivery vehicles for nucleic acid-based therapeutics is a landmark goal in gene therapy. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are one class of delivery vectors that has been exploited for this purpose. However, since CPPs use endocytosis to enter cells, a large fraction of peptides remain trapped in endosomes. We have previously reported that stearylation of amphipathic CPPs, such as transportan 10 (TP10), dramatically increases transfection of oligonucleotides in vitro partially by promoting endosomal escape. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether stearyl-TP10 could be used for the delivery of plasmids as well. Our results demonstrate that stearyl-TP10 forms stable nanoparticles with plasmids that efficiently enter different cell-types in a ubiquitous manner, including primary cells, resulting in significantly higher gene expression levels than when using stearyl-Arg9 or unmodified CPPs. In fact, the transfection efficacy of stearyl-TP10 almost reached the levels of Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000), however, without any of the observed lipofection-associated toxicities. Most importantly, stearyl-TP10/plasmid nanoparticles are nonimmunogenic, mediate efficient gene delivery in vivo, when administrated intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) without any associated toxicity in mice.
Absence of insulin receptor gene mutations in three insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Lynn R. Sorbara, None Zhichun Tang, Alessandro Cama, None Jinru Xia, Esther Schenker, Ronald A. Kohanski, Leonid Poretsky, Elizabeth Koller, Simeon I. Taylor, Andrea Dunaif
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Injuries in elite motorcycle racing in Japan
Authors: Y Tomida, H Hirata, A Fukuda, M Tsujii, K Kato, K Fujisawa, A Uchida
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

To investigate the incidence and pattern of injuries, relative risks, and factors affecting incidence among elite motorcycle competitors in Japan.A total of 117 elite motorcycle competitors including 36 road racers, 60 motocross racers, and 21 trial bike riders completed a questionnaire about injuries.Sixty major injuries (25 in road racing, 32 in motocross, and three in trial bike riding) were reported. The most common injuries were fractures (45), followed by ligament injuries (8), dislocations (5), and soft tissue injuries (2). The overall injury rate was 22.4 per 1000 hours, and the death rate was zero. There was no significant correlation between risk of injury and age, experience, or accumulated competition points.Injury rates in competitions such as road racing and motocross are high, and therefore additional safety measures are needed to protect competitors from injury.
Leukocyte analysis from WHIM syndrome patients reveals a pivotal role for GRK3 in CXCR4 signaling
Authors: Karl Balabanian, Angélique Levoye, Lysiane Klemm, Bernard Lagane, Olivier Hermine, Julie Harriague, Françoise Baleux, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Françoise Bachelerie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Leukocytes from individuals with warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome, a rare immunodeficiency, and bearing a wild-type CXCR4 ORF (WHIMWT) display impaired CXCR4 internalization and desensitization upon exposure to CXCL12. The resulting enhanced CXCR4-dependent responses, including chemotaxis, probably impair leukocyte trafficking and account for the immunohematologic clinical manifestations of WHIM syndrome. We provided here evidence that GPCR kinase-3 (GRK3) specifically regulates CXCL12-promoted internalization and desensitization of CXCR4. GRK3-silenced control cells displayed altered CXCR4 attenuation and enhanced chemotaxis, as did WHIMWT cells. These findings identified GRK3 as a negative regulator of CXCL12-induced chemotaxis and as a candidate responsible for CXCR4 dysfunction in WHIMWT leukocytes. Consistent with this, we showed that GRK3 overexpression in both leukocytes and skin fibroblasts from 2 unrelated WHIMWT patients restored CXCL12-induced internalization and desensitization of CXCR4 and normalized chemotaxis. Moreover, we found in cells derived from one patient a profound and selective decrease in GRK3 products that probably resulted from defective mRNA synthesis. Taken together, these results have revealed a pivotal role for GRK3 in regulating CXCR4 attenuation and have provided a mechanistic link between the GRK3 pathway and the CXCR4-related WHIMWT disorder.
Detection of Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma on a Tc-99m DTPA Renal Scan
Authors: JEUNG-KEUN LIM, MORDECHAI LORBERBOYM, ROSALEEN B. PARSONS, SHAILESH PATEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 50-year-old woman had a history of cervical carcinoma(stage 1B) since 1991. She underwent transabdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. Five years later, she presented with a right renal obstruction. A renal scan performed to evaluate the right renal function showed minimal function in the right kidney, but revealed a hypervascular mass with retention of DTPA (retention index of 2.62). MRI of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a low-signal mass in the pelvis and an MR urogram showed a right hydroureter and hydronephrosis. A bone scan was obtained to exclude osseous metastases and showed intense uptake in the region of the right sacroiliac (SI) joint. A CT guided biopsy of this region revealed recurrent cervical carcinoma. The patient received radiation therapy to the right pelvic area.
1046 FIRST-IN-MAN DEMONSTRATION OF POTENT ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY WITH A NUCLEOSIDE POLYMERASE (R7128) AND PROTEASE (R7227/ITMN-191) INHIBITOR COMBINATION IN HCV: SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND VIROLOGIC RESULTS FROM INFORM-1
Authors: E.J. Gane, S.K. Roberts, C. Stedman, P.W. Angus, B. Ritchie, R. Elston, D. Ipe, L. Baher, P. Morcos, I. Najera, M. Mannino, B. Brennan, M. Berrey, W. Bradford, E. Yetzer, N. Shulman, P.F. Smith
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)