tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the human T cell response to rye grass pollen allergens Lol p 1 and Lol p 5
Authors: M. D. Burton, L. Papalia, N. P. Eusebius, R. E. O'Hehir, J. M. Rolland
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Knowledge of dominant T cell epitopes of major allergens recognized by allergic individuals is required to improve efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy. Rye grass pollen (RGP) is the most important source of seasonal aeroallergens in temperate climates and Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 are the two major IgE‐reactive allergens. This study aimed to characterize the T cell response to these allergens using a large panel of RGP‐sensitive individuals. Methods: Short‐term RGP‐specific T cell lines (TCL) were generated from 38 RGP‐sensitive subjects and stimulated with Lol p 1 and/or Lol p 5 allergens and synthetic 20‐mer peptides. Proliferative responses were determined by 3 H‐thymidine uptake and IL‐5 and IFN‐γ in culture supernatants analysed by ELISA. Results: Of 17 subjects tested for reactivity to both allergens 16 (94%) responded to Lol p 1 and/or Lol p 5, establishing these as major T cell‐reactive allergens. Sites of T cell reactivity were spread throughout the allergen molecules but regions of high reactivity were found. For Lol p 1 these spanned residues 19–38, 109–128, 154–173, 190–209, and for Lol p 5 37–56, 100–119, 145–164, 154–173, 190–209, 217–236 and 226–245. IL‐5 and IFN‐γ were produced by T cells cultured with proliferation‐inducing peptides. Conclusions: T cell responses to RGP major allergens have been extensively characterized, providing fundamental information for developing T cell‐targeted immunotherapy for RGP allergy.
A Novel Device for Removal of the Gastric Remnant after Intragastric Balloon Implantation for Obesity
Authors: L. Elsborg
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

A new system for endoscopic removal of a gastric prosthesis for treatment of obesity is presented. This technique permits rapid deflation of intragastric balloons as well as safe endoscopic removal of the gastric remnant. The method has been successfully employed in 26 patients, i.e. 74 events of balloon extraction.
A8.30 Analysis of monocyte-fibroblast interaction in 3D synovial micromass tissue cultures
Authors: R Byrne, Karolina von Dalwigk, Anastasiya Hladik, Günter Steiner, Josef S Smolen, Hans Kiener, Clemens Scheinecker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Monocytes (Mo) are among the first hematopoietic cells to migrate into the inflamed synovial tissue of arthritic joints. Monocyte migration appears to be associated with the expanding synovial lining network of fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS). Whether cognitive interaction between Mo and FLS is required for an orchestrated migratory behaviour has not been analysed so far. We analysed Mo migratory activity under inflammatory conditions in regard to cell-cell interactions with FLS. <h3>Methods</h3> Human FLS were prepared from synovial tissues obtained as discarded specimens following joint arthroplasty. CD14+ Mo were isolated from peripheral blood by magnetic bead sorting. FLS and Mo were labeled with fluorescent membrane dyes and cultured in spherical extracellular matrix micromasses with an average size of 1.5 mm for up to two weeks. For stimulation experiments, micromasses were cultured in medium containing 10 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). At different time-points cell migration was monitored in individual micromasses by real-time confocal microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> Cell migration could be subdivided into three successive phases of cell movement. Phase I (day 1-3 of culture) was characterised by the formation of the synovial lining layer. Mo in close contact with FLS appeared sessile. On average 20% of Mo were in no apparent contact with FLS and displayed a mobile and seeking behaviour. During phase II (day 3-7) the majority of Mo remained sessile whereas a fraction of Mo displayed a directed cell movement with an impressive maximum speed of up to 15 mcm/min. In addition the formation of Mo cell clusters was observed. The rapid Mo migration finally ceased during phase III (day 7-14). The addition of TNF i) increased the frequency and size of Mo cell clusters during phase II two and ii) prolonged the mobility of Mo into phase III. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The 3D synovial tissue culture system allows to monitor and analysed subtle migration patterns of Mo in relation to the organised synovial lining architecture. Ongoing experiments address molecular mechanism(s) of Mo – FLS interaction in order to identify potential targets for future therapeutic intervention in arthritis.
A Comparison of the Use of Smokeless Tobacco in Rural and Urban Teenagers
Authors: T. C. Poulson, J. E. Lindenmuth, R. O. Greer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1984)

This paper compared the use of smokeless tobacco and its effects in rural and urban teenagers. A random sample of 445 subjects from rural Colorado were examined: 82.9 percent of the total sample were Caucasian, and 94.6 percent of those who used smokeless tobacco were Caucasian. This percentage supports the findings of an earlier urban study that the habit is predominantly one of male Caucasians. The average age of the users was 16.7 years, slightly older than in the urban study. Of the rural users, 62.5 percent had lesions of the oral tissues, compared with 48.7 percent lesional incidence in urban users. In both studies, those subjects with lesions had longer daily contact with smokeless tobacco, as well as a longer history of use than those without lesions. These are numerical averages that reflect great individual variations in susceptibility. The average duration of use for rural and urban users with lesions was almost the same; the development of lesions appears to be related to the length of daily exposure, which, on the average, was greater among rural users than urban users. Additionally, more than twice as many degree 3 lesions were found among users in the rural study. The habituating effects of nicotine and the influence of this substance on the future tobacco-usage patterns of youngsters who presently use smokeless tobacco are areas of concern. It is hoped that additional research will further delineate the scope of this current health problem.
Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is an Early Determinant of Declining β-Cell Function in the First Year Postpartum After Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Ying Qi, Chang Ye, Anthony J.G. Hanley, Philip W. Connelly, Mathew Sermer, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE The increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women with glucose intolerance in pregnancy is mediated by deterioration of their β-cell function, which occurs as early as the first year postpartum. We thus sought to identify early determinants of their declining β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Women with recent gestational glucose intolerance (166) underwent oral glucose tolerance test at 3 and 12 months postpartum. They were stratified into those in whom β-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 [ISSI-2]) declined over this time (decliners; n = 92) and those in whom it did not (nondecliners; n = 74). RESULTS Between 3 and 12 months, hepatic insulin sensitivity (1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) decreased in decliners but not in nondecliners. Over this time, the change in 1/HOMA-IR emerged as an independent predictor of the change in ISSI-2 (t = 5.5; P < 0.0001). Increased hepatic insulin sensitivity independently predicted a lower likelihood of declining β-cell function (odds ratio = 0.13 [95% CI 0.06-0.29]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Hepatic insulin resistance is an early determinant of declining β-cell function after gestational dysglycemia.
Subspecialist psychiatrists are sometimes selective about whom they will treat
Authors: A. J Pelosi, I. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The article by Kisely (on which one of us (AJP) wrote a commentary)1 and the responses to it show the difficulties that people with severe personality disorders present to health policymakers and the different views among mental health professionals who work with these patients. Haigh's letter2 and the longer electronic version of it3 provide an insight into how a psychiatrist working in a narrow subspecialty can lose sight of the realities of psychiatric practice Haigh has taken offence at the description in the commentary of a patient who deliberately harmed herself (her …
Apoptosis induced by JAK2 inhibition is mediated by Bim and enhanced by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 in JAK2 mutant human erythroid cells
Authors: Britta Will, Tanya Siddiqi, Meritxell Alberich Jordà, Takeshi Shimamura, Katarina Luptakova, Philipp B. Staber, Daniel B. Costa, Ulrich Steidl, Daniel G. Tenen, Susumu Kobayashi
Journal: Blood (2010)
Intracellular H+ and Ca2+ modulation of trypsin-modified ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes.
Authors: Z Fan, J C Makielski
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

ATP-sensitive K+ current (IK.ATP) channels are thought to play a role in the K+ efflux observed in cardiac ischemia. Intracellular acidosis is a prominent early effect in ischemia; therefore, the effects of acidosis on IK.ATP may have certain pathophysiological implications. Increased intracellular proton concentration (pHi) is known to regulate IK.ATP in frog skeletal muscle by increasing open probability. The pHi effect on IK.ATP is not clearly understood in heart because, unlike frog skeletal muscle, low pHi causes IK.ATP run-down in inside-out patches. This would tend to mask any opening effect of low pHi if it exists. Trypsin modification of IK.ATP has recently been shown to prevent run-down in inside-out patches. We used single channel recordings in inside-out patches to study IK.ATP after exposure to trypsin. After trypsin treatment, the open probability of IK.ATP was not sensitive to pHi in the absence of ATP. In the presence of ATP, however, a decrease in pHi consistently increased the open probability of trypsin-modified IK.ATP by reducing ATP inhibition. In the absence of ATP the mean open probability was 0.43 +/- 0.07 at pHi 7.4, and 0.5 mM ATP decreased the mean open probability to 0.03 +/- 0.04 at pHi 7.4, but mean open probability was significantly increased to 0.20 +/- 0.07 at pHi 6.3 (n = 7, p &lt; 0.01). Ca2+ did not affect the activity of trypsin-modified IK.ATP in either the absence or presence of ATP at pHi 7.4. However, Ca2+ was able to antagonize the low pHi effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of cigarette-smoke-induced DNA adducts by butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling in human lymphocytes and granulocytes.
Authors: K Savela, K Hemminki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In an earlier study, we analyzed the aromatic DNA adducts separated from lymphocytes and granulocytes of smokers and nonsmokers using the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling assay. Here we compare the butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced procedure on the same kind of samples. The DNA adducts of 42 per 10(8) nucleotides from smokers' lymphocytes were statistically higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of 11 from nonsmokers', when analyzed by the nuclease P1 treatment, but not by the 1-butanol extraction. The radioactivity obtained from the DNA digests on the TLC plates was lower in butanol-treated DNA samples when compared to those of nuclease P1 digestion. Lymphocytes appear to be a suitable test tissue for determining aromatic carcinogen exposure when detecting smoking-related DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling analysis.
Safety Closure Caps
Authors: Jay M. Arena
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  I am writing in defense of safety closure caps, as a reply to Dr. W. M. Schmidt's letter inThe Journal(180:1144 [June 30] 1962). With over 4 million babies born each year and with miniature drug stores in every home, drug poisoning in children, can soon become a colossal and even more tragic problem in a few short years.  I should like to see a safety enclosure of some type (not necessarily the one in my published report) placed on all bottled medications, proprietary and nonproprietary, and on all household products with toxic chemicals as well. Over one-third of the poison fatalities in children are due to drugs, and the incidence runs a good bit higher—over 50% Safety caps are not fool-proof by any means. Children will at times circumvent any and all precautionary measures. Yet, for each child successful in removing the cap, there
522. Neural Retina Limits Delivery Non Viral Vectors to Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Liesbeth Peeters, Niek Sanders, Koen Boussery, Johan Van de Voorde, Joseph Demeester, Stefaan De Smedt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Purpose. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is an interesting target for gene delivery. Transfected RPE cells could serve as a platform for secretion of neurotrophic or angiostatic factors to the neural retina or to retinal and choroideal vessels, respectively. Intravitreal injection of DNA/cationic liposome complexes, so called lipoplexes, would be a clinically feasible and realistic method for gene delivery to the RPE. Previous studies showed that pegylation of lipoplexescan avoid immobilisation in the vitreous. The aim of this study was both to elucidate whether lipoplexes can permeate the neural retina as well as to evaluate strategies to improve the diffusion of these lipoplexes through the neural retina. Methods. A bovine eye model was used to investigate the role of the neural retina as a barrier for RPE gene therapy. The anterior parts and the vitreous of fresh bovine eyes were removed and the neural retina was left intact or peeled away. Subsequently, fluorescent lipoplexes with increasing degree of pegylation, were pipetted on the neural retina or on the RPE. Two hours later the neural retina was removed, if present, and the RPE cells were detached. After removal of contaminants by sucrose centrifugation, the RPE cells were analyzed for lipoplex uptake by flow cytometry. Results. We showed that RPE cells take up non pegylated lipoplexes as well as pegylated lipoplexes. Moreover, increasing the pegylation degree of the lipoplexes did not decrease the cellular internalization by the RPE cells. On the other hand, neural retina severely limits the uptake of lipoplexes by the RPE. Increasing the pegylation degree of the lipoplexes could not overcome the barrier function of the neural retina. Conclusion. The uptake of non pegylated and pegylated lipoplexes by RPE cells is very efficiently. Moreover, inreasing the pegylation degree did not affect the cellular uptake by the RPE cells. Delivery of lipoplexes to the RPE is limited by the neural retina. Although previous studies pointed out that pegylation of lipoplexes can avoid immobilization in the vitreous body, pegylation does not improve the diffusion through the retina significantly. In future, other strategies like, for example ultrasound, can be evaluated to aprove the diffusion through the neural retina.
Sleep disturbance in the young child.
Authors: M C Bax
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Parents report two common problems about their child's sleep in the early years of life. The first is difficulty in getting the child to go to bed, although subsequently he sleeps on through the night. The second is the problem of the child who goes to bed but then wakes during the night. The two, of course, often co-exist, but I am going to concentrate on the second problem, which is usually the more serious. By night waking I mean not only that the child wakes?everybody wakes up at night?but that the child wakes and then wakes up the family.
TCT-192 Procedural Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report from NCDR
Authors: Emmanouil Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, William Lombardi, Thomas T. Tsai, Kendrick Shunk, Kevin F. Kennedy, John Spertus, David Holmes, J. Aaron Grantham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Report of a Case of Bifid, or Double Uvula.
Authors: Hal Foster
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 3, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The patient whom I present is 23 years old, and is a mechanic by occupation. He was born in Ireland, came to the United States three years ago, all of which time has been spent in Philadelphia, Pa. About four weeks ago he came to Kansas City to enter Park College, the great industrial school at Parkville, Mo., about ten miles from this city. His family history is good, and is of no importance as far as his own case is concerned. He has always been well. None of his relatives have ever had cleft palates, or any trouble with their throats. Several weeks ago he was referred to me by my friend, Dr. Jessie Woodside, of Parkville. He complains of some difficulty of deglutition and articulation. The voice is rather fine, for a man. On attempting to sing he notices
Use of Oral Contraceptives by Women With Epilepsy
Authors: M. Orme
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  We were very interested to read the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Mattson and colleagues 1 on the use of oral contraceptives by women with epilepsy. In general, we concur with most of the comments they make. We agree that valproate sodium is not associated with failure of contraception, and a recent article 2 confirms that valproate has no effect on contraceptive steroid metabolism. As Mattson and colleagues point out, most cases of failure of contraception have involved phenytoin or phenobarbital. We recently studied 43 cases of such failure of contraception reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines in the United Kingdom and compared the data to overall prescription rates for anticonvulsants in the period from 1973 through 1984. It is apparent, as Mattson et al suggest, that the predominance of phenytoin and phenobarbital involvement in cases of failure of contraception is largely due to the far higher
Bone Loss and Bone Size after Menopause
Authors: Henrik G. Ahlborg, Olof Johnell, Charles H. Turner, Gunnar Rannevik, Magnus K. Karlsson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Bone loss increases after menopause. However, bone strength also depends on structural characteristics such as bone size. Whether bone size increases as a result of periosteal apposition and whether a strength index accounting for both bone density and bone size might predict the risk of fracture better than bone density alone are unclear.Bone mass and the skeletal structure of the distal radius were evaluated by single-photon absorptiometry every other year in 108 women, all of whom were followed from the time of menopause for a mean period of 15 years. Postmenopausal serum estradiol levels and fractures of the distal radius were noted.The mean (+/-SD) annual decrease in bone mineral density was 1.9+/-0.7 percent. The medullary bone diameter increased annually by 1.1+/-0.9 percent, and the periosteal diameter by 0.7+/-0.3 percent; the strength index decreased by 0.7+/-0.7 percent. The expansion of the medullary diameter and the expansion of the periosteal diameter were correlated with one another (r = 0.54, P<0.001), and women in the highest quartile of medullary expansion had more loss of bone mineral density and greater periosteal apposition than women in the lowest quartile (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The postmenopausal serum estradiol level was correlated with changes in the periosteal diameter (r = -0.25, P=0.009) and with changes in bone mineral density (r = 0.34, P<0.001). A 1-SD decrement in the strength index at base line was associated with a risk ratio for fracture of the distal radius of 3.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 8.0).Increased bone loss after menopause is associated with increased periosteal apposition, which partially preserves bone strength. A strength index may be a helpful predictor of the risk of fracture.
Modification of Glial–Neuronal Cell Interactions Prevents Photoreceptor Apoptosis during Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Takayuki Harada, Chikako Harada, Naoki Nakayama, Shigeru Okuyama, Kazuhiko Yoshida, Shinichi Kohsaka, Hidehiko Matsuda, Keiji Wada
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Routine mammograms not recommended for younger women
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A consensus panel of the United States National Institutes of Health has decided against recommending routine mammography for women in their 40s. The panel's report has rekindled the controversy over the issue.

The panel, chaired by Dr Leon Gordis of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, said: “At the present time the available data do not warrant a single recommendation for mammography for all women in their 40s. Each woman should decide for herself …
Under-Representation of Older Adults in Cancer Registration Trials: Known Problem, Little Progress
Authors: Kevin S. Scher, Arti Hurria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The oncology literature from the last decade is replete with articleslamentingthescarcityofdatatoguidetreatmentdecisionsforthe elderly population with cancer. With the aging of the United States and worldwide population and the known association between older ageandcancer, 1 cliniciansandresearchersunderstandtheimportance of studying the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapies in this at-risk population. The importance of this knowledge is highlighted by the US Food and Drug Administration in its Guideline for the Study of Drugs Likely to Be Used in the Elderly, 2 which advocates enrollment of older adults in clinical trials as a means to understand treatment effects among differing populations. Almostadecadeago,JournalofClinicalOncologyhighlightedthe under-representation of older adults in registration trials for new cancertherapiesfrom1992to2002.Talaricoetal 3 showedtheproportions enrolled onto registration trials versus the proportions in the overall populations age 65, 70, and 75 years were 36%, 20%, and9%comparedwith60%,46%,and31%,respectively.Theauthors surmised that decline in functional reserve, increased comorbid con
Congestive Heart Failure in Older Women Treated With Adjuvant Anthracycline Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Mary C. Pinder, Zhigang Duan, James S. Goodwin, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Sharon H. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Limited data are available on long-term cardiac safety of adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy in breast cancer patients over age 65 years. We evaluated rates and predictors of congestive heart failure (CHF) in this population.We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database and included women with no history of CHF who were age 66 to 80 years and diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from 1992 to 2002. Cumulative rates of CHF were estimated, and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the development of CHF.A total of 43,338 women were included. Anthracycline-treated women were younger, with fewer comorbidities and more advanced disease than women who received nonanthracycline or no chemotherapy (P < .001 for each). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CHF was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.42) for women aged 66 to 70 treated with anthracycline compared with other chemotherapy. For women aged 71 to 80, adjuvant chemotherapy type was not associated with CHF. The following baseline characteristics were significant predictors of CHF: age (HR, 1.79 per 10 years; 95% CI, 1.66 to 1.93), black race (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.50), trastuzumab treatment (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.77), hypertension (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.52), diabetes (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.66 to 1.83), and coronary artery disease (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.79). Left-sided radiotherapy did not confer an elevated risk of CHF (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.11).Women aged 66 to 70 years who received adjuvant anthracyclines had significantly higher rates of CHF. The difference in rates of CHF continued to increase through more than 10 years of follow-up.