tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Resection for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Neutropenic Patients with Hematologic Diseases
Authors: FRANK REICHENBERGER, JAMES HABICHT, ACHIM KAIM, PETER DALQUEN, FRANZISKA BERNET, REINHARD SCHLÄPFER, PETER STULZ, ANDRÉ P. PERRUCHOUD, ANDRÉ TICHELLI, ALOIS GRATWOHL, MICHAEL TAMM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is associated with a high mortality. In 27 consecutive neutropenic patients who underwent lung resection for suspected IPA, we analyzed preoperative diagnostic evaluation, operative procedure, perioperative management, histological findings, outcome concerning recurrence of aspergillosis, and survival to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of a surgical treatment of IPA. Seventeen patients with hematologic diseases had previously undergone high-dose chemotherapy and four stem cell transplantation. Six patients with aplastic anemia were treated with antilymphocyte globulin. IPA was suspected if localized infiltrates developed on thoracic CT scan, and fever persisted under antibiotic therapy in neutropenic patients. In only one case a diagnosis of IPA could be made preoperatively. Twenty patients underwent lobectomy and seven wedge resection. At day of surgery the neutrophil count was below 500 × 109/L in 78% of patients, and the platelet count below in 50 × 109/L in 58% of patients. Invasive fungal infection was confirmed histologically in 22 of 27 patients (81.5%); in five patients no fungal infection was documented. The median duration of surgery was 120 min. Postoperatively, patients stayed one night in the intensive care unit, and chest tubes were removed after 2 d. Within 7 d a median of four erythrocyte packs and two platelet packs per patient were replaced. Major surgical complications occurred in two patients (bronchial dehiscence; pleural aspergillosis). Minor surgical complications included prolonged chest tube drainage (recurrent pneumothorax, n = 2; air leakage, n = 1; hematothorax, n = 1), pleural effusion (n = 4), and seroma (n = 2). Postoperatively, two patients suffered from histologically proven disseminated aspergillosis (pleural aspergillosis, renal aspergilloma) and another patient from suspected orbital aspergillosis. At 30 d postoperative mortality was 11% and 3-mo survival was 77%. After lung resection, seven patients underwent stem cell transplantation without recurrence of IPA. In conclusion, we suggest lung resection is a therapeutic option for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients with hematologic diseases and is associated with a low surgery-related morbidity and mortality.
T-cell receptor V gene expression in HLA-typed Japanese patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: J Grunewald, M Shigematsu, S Nagai, T Mikuniya, H Wigzell, T Izumi, A G Eklund
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The clinical features of sarcoidosis vary in different ethnic groups, suggesting that different genetic or environmental backgrounds influence the disease. In Scandinavian sarcoidosis patients, we have previously described a correlation between lung-accumulated CD4+ T cells expressing the T-cell receptor (TCR) V alpha 2.3 gene segment and a particular HLA type (DR3[17],DQ2). For purposes of comparison, we have in this study investigated TCR V gene usage and gamma delta TCR expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood in an ethnically distinct and homogenous group of individuals consisting of Japanese sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls. We used a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (Mab) specific for different TCR V genes, which altogether stained approximately 50% of the T cells, and triple staining techniques with flow cytometry. The patients and controls were also HLA-typed. Our results show a high degree of expression of gamma delta TCR in peripheral blood T cells of close to half of the patients. Expansions of T-cell subsets were readily detected in the CD8+ T-cell population, while a more homogenous staining pattern was found in the CD4+ T-cell population. These findings show the importance of ethnic origin and environment in discussions of TCR V gene usage.
Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on Abdominal Problems
Authors: Annika Reintam Blaser, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Joel Starkopf, Sonja Fruhwald, Stephan M. Jakob, Jan De Waele, Jan-Peter Braun, Martijn Poeze, Claudia Spies
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and failure have been increasingly recognized in critically ill patients. The variety of definitions proposed in the past has led to confusion and difficulty in comparing one study to another. An international working group convened to standardize the definitions for acute GI failure and GI symptoms and to review the therapeutic options.
Prognostic value of Q waves, R/S ratio, loss of R wave voltage, ST-T segment abnormalities, electrical axis, low voltage and notching: Correlation of electrocardiogram and left ventriculogram
Authors: Frits W. Bär, Pedro Brugada, Willem R. Dassen, Tjeerd van der Werf, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Patients on Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: Another High-Risk Group for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas Hardy, Alan Breier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Thyroid DiseaseT ype 1 diabetes is associated with other autoimmune diseases.Many diabetes centers routinely screen patients with type 1 diabetes for autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD).The presence of two autoimmune diseases raises the possibility of polyendocrine autoimmune disease.The association of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, or Addison's disease, with type 1 diabetes is described in case reports dating back more than a century (1,2).Studies have i l l u s t r a t e d s h a r e d H L A a l l e l e s (DQA1*0501, for example) among patients with type 1 diabetes, ATD, and Addison's disease (3,4).Pancreatic islet cell antibodies have been detected in 6.2% of patients with Addison's disease ( 5).Yet, it is unclear whether patients with type 1 diabetes should be routinely screened for Addison's disease.Our study's objective was to determine whether routine screening for Addison's disease is warranted in children with both type 1 diabetes and ATD.Children were diagnosed with thyroid disease if they had thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOs Ͼ50 Ku/l) and/or were receiving thyroid hormone replacement for primary hypothyroidism.A population of children with type 1 diabetes but without thyroid disease was also screened.The study population consisted of 114 children with type 1 diabetes, 35 (25 girls and 10 boys) with thyroid disease (28 on L- thyroxine) and 79 (42 girls and 37 boys) without thyroid disease (normal thyroidstimulating hormone and TPO Ͻ50 Ku/ l).Adrenal antibodies were measured by standard immunofluorescent technique (Nova Century Scientific-Immco antiadrenal slides), and TPOs were measured by an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Elecsys 2010).
Abstract 11: Absence of TGFBI favors tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Jun-Young Seo, Hae Uk Jung, Hye-Nam Son, Soyoun Kim, Eunsung Jun, Ju-Ock Nam, Jung-Eun Kim, In-San Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract TGFBI, a circulating extracellular matrix protein, modulates several integrin-mediated cellular functions. The protein contains an N-terminal EMI domain, four consecutive FAS1 domains, and the RGD motif in the C-terminal domain. The fourth FAS1 domain of TGFBI exerts anti-angiogenic activity through interactions with αvβ3 integrin. Here, we used TGFBI-deficient mice and TGFBI transgenic mice to investigate the role of TGFBI in tumor growth in vivo. The absence of TGFBI led to enhanced tumor angiogenesis and a 3.6-fold increase in tumor growth. In contrast, a 1.7-fold increase in circulating levels of TGFBI in TGFBI transgenic mice induced a 2.4-fold decrease in tumor growth. We found that the binding affinity (Kd) of TGFBI for αvβ3 integrin was approximately 3.8 × 10 8 M, a value ∼2300-fold higher than that of a single FAS1 domain, and demonstrated that this greater affinity was due to the cooperative action of four FAS1 domains and the RGD motif. Moreover, TGFBI exhibited potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities and specifically targeted the tumor vasculature and accumulated at the tumor site. Collectively, our results support the theory that TGFBI acts as a potent endogenous anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic molecule by targeting αvβ3 integrin, and highlight the importance of physiological circulating TGFBI levels in inhibiting tumor growth. Citation Format: Jun-Young Seo, Hae Uk Jung, Hye-Nam Son, Soyoun Kim, Eunsung Jun, Ju-Ock Nam, Jung-Eun Kim, In-San Kim. Absence of TGFBI favors tumor angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 11. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-11
Prolonged <sup>18</sup>FDG‐PET negative complete remission in a heavily pretreated, elderly patient with diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide, low dose dexamethasone, and colony stimulating factor (Rd‐G)
Authors: Gerardo Musuraca, Pier Paolo Fattori, Michela Ceccolini, Delia Cangini, Maria Benedetta Giannini, Sonia Ronconi, Federica Matteucci, Silvia Asioli, Dino Amadori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common lymphoid malignancy among adults in the developed world and accounts for about a third of all patients newly diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma each year. The prognosis of patients with DLBCL has improved over the past 10 years since the advent of chemoimmunotherapy regimens such as R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone). However, a significant number of patients still experience disease relapse or progression after first or second line therapy, and ~40% of patients will die within 5 years. In particular, elderly patients and those ineligible for high-dose chemotherapy due to comorbidities require effective salvage treatment options with favorable toxicity profile. Several novel therapeutic approaches have been proposed for these patients including monoclonal antibodies, radioimmunotherapy, proteasome inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and the immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide and lenalidomide.
Myocardial Infarction and the Use of Estrogen and Estrogen-Progestogen in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Stephen Sidney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Objective: To estimate the relative risk for incident acute myocardial infarction in relation to the current use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen. Design: Retrospective case–control study. Setting: Medical centers of a large prepaid health care program, the kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP), Northern California region. Participants: All women hospitalized at a KPMCP center for incident acute myocardial infarction during a 3-year period from 1991 to 1994. Controls were matched to case-patients for year of birth and KPMCP facility and were selected at random from among all female members of the KPMCP. Intervention: An in-person interview that included questions about current and lifetime use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen; known cardiovascular risk factors; and other medical, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors that might affect risk for myocardial infarction. Main Outcome Measure: Odds ratios for myocardial infarction associated with use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen. Results: The odds ratio for myocardial infarction in current users of estrogen or estrogen-progestogen compared with women who had never used these agents was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.40) after adjustment for confounders. The odds ratio for myocardial infarction in past users of estrogen or estrogen-progestogen was 1.07 (CI, 0.72 to 1.58). Duration of hormone use was unrelated to the odds ratio for myocardial infarction. Conclusions: This study did not show a statistically significant decrease in the odds ratio for myocardial infarction associated with current use of estrogen or estrogen-progestogen. It neither confirms nor refutes the hypothesis that hormone use prevents myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women.
Epstein–Barr Virus: Culprit or Consort?
Authors: Joseph S. Pagano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IN the nearly 30 years since the discovery of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in a Ugandan child with Burkitt's lymphoma, the virus has been associated with an array of disorders, both benign and malignant. Their variety is at first confusing, but cellular and molecular "snapshots" allow us to see that these diseases do have much in common. What do these associations mean? How can we arrive at a role for a single virus in diseases as different as infectious mononucleosis, hairy leukoplakia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and post-transplantation lymphomas? Where do parotid carcinoma, T-cell lymphomas, and now Hodgkin's disease fit into this . . .
A genetic algorithm for maximum-likelihood phylogeny inference using nucleotide sequence data
Authors: P. O. Lewis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Phylogeny reconstruction is a difficult computational problem, because the number of possible solutions increases with the number of included taxa. For example, for only 14 taxa, there are more than seven trillion possible unrooted phylogenetic trees. For this reason, phylogenetic inference methods commonly use clustering algorithms (e.g., the neighbor-joining method) or heuristic search strategies to minimize the amount of time spent evaluating nonoptimal trees. Even heuristic searches can be painfully slow, especially when computationally intensive optimality criteria such as maximum likelihood are used. I describe here a different approach to heuristic searching (using a genetic algorithm) that can tremendously reduce the time required for maximum-likelihood phylogenetic inference, especially for data sets involving large numbers of taxa. Genetic algorithms are simulations of natural selection in which individuals are encoded solutions to the problem of interest. Here, labeled phylogenetic trees are the individuals, and differential reproduction is effected by allowing the number of offspring produced by each individual to be proportional to that individual's rank likelihood score. Natural selection increases the average likelihood in the evolving population of phylogenetic trees, and the genetic algorithm is allowed to proceed until the likelihood of the best individual ceases to improve over time. An example is presented involving rbcL sequence data for 55 taxa of green plants. The genetic algorithm described here required only 6% of the computational effort required by a conventional heuristic search using tree bisection/reconnection (TBR) branch swapping to obtain the same maximum-likelihood topology.
Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist BIBN 4096 BS for the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Jes Olesen, Hans-Christoph Diener, Ingo W. Husstedt, Peter J. Goadsby, David Hall, Ulrich Meier, Stephane Pollentier, Lynna M. Lesko
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may have a causative role in migraine. We therefore hypothesized that a CGRP-receptor antagonist might be effective in the treatment of migraine attacks.In an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of BIBN 4096 BS, a highly specific and potent nonpeptide CGRP-receptor antagonist, 126 patients with migraine received one of the following: placebo or 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg of BIBN 4096 BS intravenously over a period of 10 minutes. A group-sequential adaptive treatment-assignment design was used to minimize the number of patients exposed.The 2.5-mg dose was selected, with a response rate of 66 percent, as compared with 27 percent for placebo (P=0.001). The BIBN 4096 BS group as a whole had a response rate of 60 percent. Significant superiority over placebo was also observed with respect to most secondary end points: the pain-free rate at 2 hours; the rate of sustained response over a period of 24 hours; the rate of recurrence of headache; improvement in nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional capacity; and the time to meaningful relief. An effect was apparent after 30 minutes and increased over the next few hours. The overall rate of adverse events was 25 percent after the 2.5-mg dose of the drug and 20 percent for the BIBN 4096 BS group as a whole, as compared with 12 percent for placebo. The most frequent side effect was paresthesia. There were no serious adverse events.The CGRP antagonist BIBN 4096 BS was effective in treating acute attacks of migraine.
<i>DCTN1</i>Mutations and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy–Like Phenotype
Authors: Shinsuke Fujioka, Pawel Tacik, Zbigniew K. Wszolek
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The Value of F-18 FDG PET in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma Using Visual and Semiquantitative Analysis
Authors: Khaled Alkhawaldeh, Stephanie Faltten, Hans-J. Biersack, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to assess the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma (CC).Sixty-five patients with suspected CC were included in this retrospective study. All patients had whole-body FDG PET/CT imaging at a mean time of 100 minutes after administration of FDG injection. PET studies were analyzed using visual analysis and semiquantitative analysis. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and tumor-to-normal liver (T/N) ratio. Malignancy was defined using the following criteria: (1) Visual analysis; (2) SUVmax >3.9; (3) T/N >1.6. Analysis of variance test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used in statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Follow-up revealed 47 patients with CC. The average SUVmax in CC tumors was 8 ± 2.9 versus 3 ± 1 in benign lesions (P < 0.0001). The average T/N in malignant lesions was 3.5 ± 1.8 versus 1.3 ± 0.4 in benign lesions (P < 0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the 3 criteria were as follows: (1) 96%, 67%, and 88%; (2) 94%, 83%, and 91%; (3) 89%, 78%, and 86%.F-18 FDG PET semiquantitative analysis using SUVmax >3.9 as criterion for malignancy could improve the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in patients with suspected CC.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have arrived in sports and exercise medicine: Why do they matter?
Authors: Jennifer C Davis, Stirling Bryan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Clinicians and administrators have a professional obligation to contribute (OTC) to improvement of healthcare quality. At the same time, participation in embedded research poses risks to healthcare institutions. Disclosure of an institution's sensitive information could endanger relationships with patients and undermine its reputation. The existing ethical framework (EF) for learning healthcare systems (LHSs) does not address the conflict between the OTC and institutional interests. Ethical guidance and policy regulation are needed to create a safe environment for embedded research. In this article we analyse the EF for LHSs and the concept of professionalism. We suggest that the EF should be supplemented with an obligation to protect provider's legitimate interests. We define legitimate interests as those that enable providers to discharge their primary duties. We argue that both the OTC and the obligation to protect legitimate interests are grounded in the concept of medical professionalism and can be understood as a matter of contract between a democratic society and medical professionals. The proposed supplemented EF can be implemented into a regulatory system in three different ways: the <i>self-regulating</i>: where providers decide themselves how to balance the ethical claims, the centralised: where a governmental institution decides the right balance between providers' interests and interests of a health system; and the <i>mediating</i>: where medical professionals, the state and patients negotiate their interests. Our article contributes to the discussion on ethical relevance of providers' interests and the regulatory model for weighing opposite interests in LHSs.
A Laboratory Outbreak of Infections with Coxsackie Virus Group A, Type 9
Authors: A. Martin Lerner, Jerome O. Klein, Maxwell Finland, Priscilla Billb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

LABORATORY-acquired infections with Coxsackie viruses are known occupational hazards.1 2 3 An outbreak of such infections was described by Shaw, Melnick and Curnen,1 and at least 1 other reported case was suspected as having been similarly acquired.2 Among the enteroviruses, those of Coxsackie Group B have been most frequently implicated, and usually have produced pleurodynia or aseptic meningitis. The present report concerns an outbreak in which Coxsackie virus Group A, Type 9, probably affected 7 people within twelve days after the initial laboratory exposure of the first case. Moreover, the illnesses thus acquired involved the families of 2 of the exposed workers. . . .
Malabsorption Syndrome Corrected by Surgery
Authors: Walter E. Linaweaver
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE MALABSORPTION or celiac syndrome has received a great deal of interest in recent years since gliadin sensitivity has been recognized as one cause of this syndrome. Recent literature has emphasized the metabolic factors and the abnormalities of the small-bowel mucosa. Standard textbooks of pediatrics<sup>1,2</sup>have mentioned malrotation of the colon and other mechanical causes of the malabsorption syndrome; one textbook of surgery devotes a paragraph to this problem.<sup>3</sup>One recent review lists chronic, incomplete obstruction or other anatomical abnormality of the intestinal tract as a cause of the syndrome, but no references are given.<sup>4</sup>However, many physicians and surgeons remain unacquainted with this correctable cause of the malabsorption syndrome. Any patient with the malabsorption syndrome should be thoroughly investigated for malrotation of the large bowel. The following case is presented in order to draw attention to this surgically correctable lesion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 1