tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Omission in Women With IDDM
Authors: William H Polonsky, Barbara J Anderson, Patricia A Lohrer, Jennifer E Aponte, Alan M Jacobson, Charlotte F Cole
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To describe the extent of intentional insulin omission in an outpatient population of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and examine its relationship to disordered eating, attitudes toward diabetes, other psychosocial factors, long-term complications, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Before their routinely scheduled clinic appointments, female IDDM patients who were 13–60 years of age completed a self-report survey (final n = 341). The survey included standardized questionnaires assessing disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, psychological functioning (general distress, diabetes-specific distress, and hypoglycemic fear), attitudes toward diabetes, and self-care behaviors. All subjects were assessed for glycosylated hemoglobin within 30 days of survey completion. Long-term complications were determined through chart review. RESULTS Approximately 31% of the subject sample, representing women of all ages, reported intentional insulin omission, but only 8.8% reported frequent omission. Compared with non-omitters, omitters reported more disordered eating, greater psychological distress (general and diabetes-specific), more hypoglycemic fear, poorer regimen adherence, and greater fears concerning improved diabetes management (which may lead to weight gain). Omitters evidenced poorer glycemic control, more diabetes-related hospitalizations, and higher rates of retinopathy and neuropathy. Multivariate examination revealed only two variables that independently predicted omission: diabetes-specific distress and fear of improved glycemic control (“because I will gain weight”). Of the omitters, approximately half reported omitting insulin for weight-management purposes (weight-related omitters). These subjects evidenced significantly greater psychological distress, poorer regimen adherence (including more frequent omission), poorer glycemic control, and higher rates of complications than did non-weight-related omitters as well as non-omitters. Non-weight-related omitters tended to fall between weight-related omitters and non-omitters on most measures of psychological functioning, adherence, and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that insulin omission is common, that it is not limited to younger women, and that the medical consequences of omission, especially frequent omission, may be severe. Although a strong association between omission and disordered eating was observed, these data suggest that this link may be complicated by important diabetes-specific factors. Patients preoccupied with eating and weight concerns may also become emotionally overwhelmed by diabetes and/or fearful of normoglycemia (and the associated weight-related consequences), thus reinforcing the desire to omit insulin and maintain elevated blood glucose levels.
Growth of the alveoli and pulmonary arteries in childhood
Authors: G. Davies, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Since alveolar and airway growth have previously been studied in greater detail than has arterial growth, the present study establishes the growth pattern of the arteries and relates this to that of the alveoli and airways. The pattern of post-natal alveolar multiplication found is similar to that reported by Dunnill, but for all ages about 10% above his figure. Alveolar size hardly changes in the first three or four years of life but thereafter increases steadily. The complexity of alveolar shape increases from the age of 4 months. In arteriograms the arterial lumen, both centrally and peripherally, increases 4- to 5-fold in the upper lobe, 3-fold in the lower. Microscopic examination shows a striking increase between 4 months and 3 years in the number of arteries below 200 μm. per unit area of lung tissue; after 5 years this number falls slightly, probably reflecting an increase in alveolar size. Muscular, partially muscular and non-muscular arteries show a similar distribution over the same size range in the newborn as in the adult. During childhood, however, the arteries over this size range are free of muscle and much larger arteries show this mixed `population9. Between 11 and 19 years the adult pattern forms by progressive penetration of muscle into the acinus. The thickness of the muscle coat of pulmonary artery branches falls to adult levels by the age of 4 months. Between birth and 5 years the medial area of arteries between 25 and 200 μm. in diameter per unit area of lung falls, but has risen again by 11 years.
Vascular endothelial cell–specific phosphotyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) activity is required for blood vessel development
Authors: Sebastian Bäumer, Linda Keller, Astrid Holtmann, Ruth Funke, Benjamin August, Alexander Gamp, Hartwig Wolburg, Karen Wolburg-Buchholz, Urban Deutsch, Dietmar Vestweber
Journal: Blood (2006)
Futility and Avoidance
Authors: Arthur Frank
Journal: JAMA (1993)

TWENTY years ago, I changed course in my internal medicine practice and decided, rather deliberately, to work on the problem of obesity. My friends, my colleagues, and my family thought I was crazy. The warnings were clear. "Don't risk your credibility and your career." "Don't venture into a part of medicine that no one takes seriously." "Don't move into the world of quacks and charlatans." My brother, a thoughtful, professorial cardiologist, assessed the situation in most negative terms. "The guys who deal with obesity are the sleaziest guys in medicine. Pills and shots!" he shouted. Another friend, also comfortably cloistered in academia, could not imagine how I could possibly want to spend my time working with fat, middle-aged ladies: "What on earth is there to talk about?" <h3>Taking the Plunge</h3> Even in my naive youth I was not oblivious to the risks involved in dealing with obesity. Although my credentials
NINE CASES OF CARBOLIC ACID GANGRENE: WITH SHORT NOTES
Authors: D. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1907)

to UII Da I CARBOLIC ACID GANGRENE.(MAY 1I1, It9, be.right or I may be wrong, but, at any rate, I think you will all agree with me that the curing of this persistent case of MWniere's symptoms by the simple in- sertion of a seton when all other methods of treatment had been well tried and proved failures, is well worthy of a trial, and I trust that you, gentlement will not wait lopg when a case of this kind next falls to your lot, before per- suading your patient to seize upon this valuable remedy.. RvFBRENCS.
Valuing Patient Experience as a Unique and Intrinsically Important Aspect of Health Care Quality
Authors: Rebecca Anhang Price, Marc N. Elliott, Alan M. Zaslavsky
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Hyperparathyroidism with Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Harry M. Carpenter, Elmer E. Pautler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IN 1949 Burnett et al.1 reported a series of 6 cases characterized by hypercalcemia without hypercalcuria or hypophosphatemia, calcinosis and renal insufficiency. In addition the patients gave a history of prolonged or excessive intake of absorbable alkali and milk and showed clinical improvement on a low-calcium diet. Autopsy was performed in only 1 case, no parathyroid tissue being found. Histologic section in another case was reported as showing "hyperplasia of chief and oxyphil cells characteristic of secondary hyperparathyroidism."A review of the literature revealed no subsequent case reports with autopsy findings. Clinically and morphologically the following case was at first . . .
Pathological Findings in Respiratory Failure
Authors: RONALD J. KARPICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Patients in acute respiratory failure were classified into six groups on the basis of clinical and roentgenographic criteria to predict the pathological findings of emphysema and of interstitial fibrosis. At autopsy roentgenographic criteria permitted recognition of emphysema in 35 patients. Cough and sputum production did not correlate with the finding of mucous gland hyperplasia in bronchioles. In more than 20% of bronchioles examined Goblet cell metaplasia occurred significantly more frequently in men who died after acute respiratory failure (79%) than in a control group of men who died of other causes (34%). It was not related to age, smoking history, cough and sputum production, expiratory flow rates, Reid index, or to emphysema or pneumonia. Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary emboli were as frequent in the acute respiratory failure group as in the control group. Twenty-five percent of both groups had acute myocardial infarctions. The frequent association of goblet cell metaplasia with respiratory failure and death suggests that it plays a pathogenic role. Production of thick mucus by the epithelial lining of the small airways may produce respiratory failure.
Reduced risk of death at 28 days in patients taking a beta blocker before admission to hospital with myocardial infarction.
Authors: S M Nidorf, R W Parsons, P L Thompson, K D Jamrozik, M S Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To see whether patients taking an oral beta blocker at the time of admission to hospital with myocardial infarction have a reduced risk of death at 28 days.Retrospective analysis of data collected on patients admitted over four years.Community based study.2430 Consecutive patients living in the Perth statistical division admitted to hospital with myocardial infarction during 1984-7.Survival at 28 days among patients taking a beta blocker at onset of myocardial infarction.Patients were grouped into those who were and were not taking a beta blocker at the time of admission. Though patients taking a beta blocker were older and more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction, angina, or hypertension, the overall mortality at 28 days was similar in the two groups. A logistic regression model used to adjust for factors predictive of cardiac death at 28 days confirmed that patients taking a beta blocker at the time of admission had a significantly reduced risk of death (relative risk 0.50; 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.76). Though the incidence of fatal ventricular fibrillation was similar in the two groups, mean peak creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in the beta blocker group.These data support the value of long term use of beta blockers in patients at risk of myocardial infarction. They suggest that patients taking these agents before admission to hospital with myocardial infarction have a significant survival advantage at 28 days, which may be due to a reduction in infarct size.
Court acts on Israel's poorly enforced ban on workplace smoking
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Israel’s High Court of Justice has set an international precedent in enforcing a World Health Organization convention intended to protect people from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.

In what is believed to be the first major national legal application of provisions of the WHO’s framework convention on tobacco control, Justice Elyakim Rubinstein allowed an appeal by Irit Shemesh, a pregnant woman who was exposed to secondhand smoke in a Jerusalem restaurant despite Israel’s strict law against smoking in workplaces, which is poorly enforced by local authorities.

He argued that, in addition to criminal enforcement, there should be a mechanism of civil enforcement by a “caring citizen” who sues for compensation from those who own or manage a facility used by the public but who make no effort to enforce bans against smoking in those places.

Initially the local small claims court had awarded Mrs Shemesh only nominal compensation by the restaurant’s owners, and the Jerusalem district court did not intervene. But the judge granted the right to appeal and raised the compensation 10-fold to 1000 shekels (£120; €180; $225), plus legal fees and expenses, totalling 2500 shekels.

All signatory nations that ratified the framework convention, including Israel, recognised that secondhand smoke causes “death, disability, and illness,” said Justice Rubinstein, and these countries therefore assumed responsibility for the protection of citizens from exposure to it. He also cited books of Jewish law and religious court rulings on the dangers of smoking and secondhand smoke.

The director general of the Israel Cancer Association, Miri Ziv, said she hoped that owners of restaurants and other workplaces will bar smoking before passage of a bill in the Knesset (parliament) that puts the onus on owners and will result in fines not only for smokers but also proprietors who allow illegal smoking.

Meanwhile Israel’s National Institute for Health Policy Research has adopted a recommendation that all tobacco manufacturers and importers be forced to pay a large sum of money in advance to cover the medical costs of consumers of their products.

The chairman of the Israel Council for the Prevention of Smoking, Amos Hausner, said, “As tobacco is the only product on the market that kills when used in the way intended, companies that sell them [tobacco products] should be required to transfer such a deposit to the finance ministry, which would allocate the money for health care.”
Facing the Future of Brain Tumor Clinical Research
Authors: Mark R. Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong, Whitney B. Pope, Martin J. van den Bent, Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract This edition of CCR Focus provides critical reviews of several important areas in the field, including the application of findings from genomic investigations of brain tumors to improve diagnosis, clinical trial design, and ultimately optimizing individual patient treatment. Another article is a critical review provided by experts in the field that discusses the recent clinical trials using angiogenesis inhibitors, possible explanations for the results, and how to move forward. There is a concise discussion of the application of immunotherapy to brain tumors by key investigators in this field, reflecting the potential opportunities as well as the disease-specific challenges. Finally, leading pediatric brain tumor investigators provide an overview of the field and insights about the recent seminal discoveries in two pediatric brain tumors, supporting the paradigm that laboratory investigations lead to more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and ultimately better treatment. Herein, an overview of the recent advances and challenges in the area of clinical and translational brain tumor research is provided to set the stage for the contributions that follow. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Discoveries, Challenges, and Progress in Primary Brain Tumors.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5591–600. ©2014 AACR.
If Symptoms Persist
Authors: P. Bowden
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Theodore Dalrymple Andre Deutsch, pounds sterling8.99, pp 150 ISBN 0 233 98898 X

Writing under a pseudonym in his weekly column in the Spectator, Theodore Dalrymple presents a picture of a lawless world. Dr Dalrymple works at a hospital, and he makes regular prison visits. His life is threatened, and within the space of a week his car is broken into for the third time in a year, his secretary's mother is attacked, and one of his patients is robbed and beaten in two separate incidents. Responsibility for this anarchy is placed squarely on both the courts and the police, who are either stupid, lazy, or interested only in clearing their cells.

Inhabiting Dalrymple's world are an edentulous people, unable to read (with the exception …
Radioactive Calcium Kinetics during High Calcium Intake in Osteoporosis*
Authors: Ernest Schwartz, Vincent A. Panariello, John Saeli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

tory. In patients J.B. and C.M., there was no significant antecedent medical history. All patients had normal serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus clearance, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus, peripheral hematologic examination, and bone marrow morphology. Urinary excretion of calcium was at high normal levels in patients H.S., P.F., and C.M., and below 100 mg per day in patients B.B. and J.B. Tests of intestinal absorption, including D-xylose excretion, triolein-I'3' absorption, and total fecal fat excretion, were normal in patients B.B. and J.B. Previously reported studies (2) of high calcium intake in patients B.B. and H.S. had shown sustained positive calcium balances during periods of observation as long as 3 months. Each of the five patients in the present series underwent a radiocalcium kinetic study during the control dietary periods and a repeat study at 4 to 7 weeks after the addition of approximately 4 g of calcium to the daily intake in the form of dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4). After an initial 2-month interval of high calcium intake, patient B.B. was given normal calcium intake for approximately 4 months, and then was placed on prolonged
Genotype–phenotype associations in WT1 glomerulopathy
Authors: Beata S. Lipska, Bruno Ranchin, Paraskevas Iatropoulos, Jutta Gellermann, Anette Melk, Fatih Ozaltin, Gianluca Caridi, Tomas Seeman, Kalman Tory, Augustina Jankauskiene, Aleksandra Zurowska, Maria Szczepanska, Anna Wasilewska, Jerome Harambat, Agnes Trautmann, Amira Peco-Antic, Halina Borzecka, Anna Moczulska, Bassam Saeed, Radovan Bogdanovic, Mukaddes Kalyoncu, Eva Simkova, Ozlem Erdogan, Kristina Vrljicak, Ana Teixeira, Marta Azocar, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Parathyroid hormone acutely increases polyphosphoinositides of the rabbit kidney cortex by a cycloheximide-sensitive process.
Authors: R V Farese, P Bidot-López, A Sabir, J S Smith, B Schinbeckler, R Larson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Parathyroid hormone(PTH) rapidly increases the concentrations of diphosphoinositide and triphosphoinositide in rabbit kidney cortex. Cycloheximide pretreatment abolishes these effects of PTH. These findings are similar to those reported for adrenocorticotropin and cyclic AMP action in the adrenal cortex, and suggest a common mechanism. Cycloheximide-sensitive effects of PTH, e.g., phosphaturia, may require polyphosphoinositides and/or other phospholipids.
A Comparison of Two Classifications of Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
Authors: W. K. C. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 offers all working coal miners, at no expense to themselves, the opportunity to have chest roentgenograms taken at intervals. Moreover, instructions were published in the Federal Register<sup>1</sup>stating that the roentgenograms should be categorized according to either the International Union Against Cancer (UICC)<sup>2</sup>or International Labour Organization (ILO) classifications.<sup>3</sup>Most persons are notaware that there are two 1968 ILO classifications of pneumoconiosis; namely, an extended and a shortened version.<sup>3</sup>It is frequently assumed that the two 1968 ILO classifications are similar. This is an erroneous assumption. Firstly, the shortened 1968 ILO classification, like the 1959 version,<sup>4</sup>includes a suspect category (Z), while the UICC and the extended ILO classifications do not. Secondly, provision is made to interpret irregular opacities in the UICC but not in the shortened version of the ILO
Drug companies urged to make drugs available at cost price to the poor
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The UK government's international development secretary, Clare Short, last week urged pharmaceutical companies to make drugs available “at cost price” to patients with preventable diseases in the poorest countries. She said Britain would press other governments to sign up to the scheme at the next G8 conference.

Ms Short was speaking after a breakfast meeting with Prime Minister Tony Blair, where she presented the draft report of the UK Working Group on Increasing Access to Essential Medicines in the Developing World. The group, which was set up by Mr Blair after the Okinawa summit last year, includes representatives from British pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca.

Across sub-Saharan Africa, …
Biodegradable block copolymers for delivery of proteins and water-insoluble drugs
Authors: Gaylen M Zentner, Ramesh Rathi, Chung Shih, James C McRea, Min-Hyo Seo, Hunseung Oh, B.G Rhee, Jiri Mestecky, Zina Moldoveanu, Michael Morgan, Steve Weitman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
Gastrin sensitivity in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: S K Lam, J Koo
Journal: Gut (1985)

The sensitivity to pentagastrin measured as D50C, the dose required for half maximal acid output (MAO) corrected for basal acid output, in 200 patients with active duodenal ulcer was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that in 36 age- and sex-matched controls, and was above the normal limit in 27% of the patients. The distribution of D50C was significantly different between early onset and late onset patients, defined as patients whose ulcer symptoms started at respectively age less than or equal to 30 years and age greater than 30 years. Among patients whose MAO/kg body weight was within 2 SD of the normal mean as established previously in 100 normal subjects, gastrin sensitivity was significantly greater in late onset than in early onset patients, and in those who were positive than in those who were negative for familial ulcer dyspepsia. Among patients with abnormally large MAO, the reverse was true, gastrin sensitivity being greater in early rather than in late onset patients, and in patients negative rather than in those positive for familial ulcer dyspepsia. These findings suggest that gastrin hypersensitivity is a distinct physiological abnormality in duodenal ulcer, the increased gastrin sensitivity in some patients with normal MAO has a genetic basis but the lateness in onset of their disease also suggests an environmental origin, and the increased gastrin sensitivity in some patients with abnormally large MAO is related to environmental factors encountered early in life.