tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complement receptor is an inhibitor of the complement cascade.
Authors: K Iida, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

A glycoprotein from the membrane of human erythrocytes has been identified as a receptor for C3b (CR1). It promotes the dissociation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase C3b,Bb and the cleavage of C3b by C3b/C4b inactivator. We find that CR1 also inactivates the C3 and C5 convertases of the classical pathway. CR1 inhibits the consumption of C3 by C3 convertase EAC142 and enhances the decay of C4b,2a sites. On a weight basis, CR1 is approximately 5-10 times more active than C4 binding protein, a serum inhibitor of C4b,2a. The binding of 125I-CR1 to EAC14 cells is inhibited by C2. Therefore, it is likely that CR1 and C2 compete for a site on C4b. CR1 inhibited C5 convertase even more effectively, but had no effect on the assembly of the late complement components. At high concentrations, CR1 alone has no irreversible effects on cell-bound C4b. In the fluid phase, CR1 can function as a cofactor for the cleavage of the alpha' chain of C4b by C3b/C4b inactivator. A well-known function of CR1 is to promote adherence of microbes or immune complexes bearing C3b and C4b to cells. This interaction could result in a microenvironment damaging to the plasma membrane of the responding cell because the extrinsic C3b and C4b fragments can serve as additional sites of assembly of enzymes of the cascade. We therefore wish to propose that CR1 on the surface of cells supplies an increased local concentration of a strong inhibitor of the amplifying enzymes of the complement system and provides cells with a mechanism for circumventing damage when they bind C3b- and C4b-bearing substrates.
Post-Conditioning Reduces Infarct Size and Edema in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Franck Thuny, Olivier Lairez, François Roubille, Nathan Mewton, Gilles Rioufol, Catherine Sportouch, Ingrid Sanchez, Cyrille Bergerot, Hélène Thibault, Thien Tri Cung, Gérard Finet, Laurent Argaud, Didier Revel, Geneviève Derumeaux, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Meier Elbaz, Christophe Piot, Michel Ovize, Pierre Croisille
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Getting hot and bothered
Authors: S. Gillam
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The medical assault on the menopause has, rightly, left women angry, finds Stephen Gillam 

The idea that women are biologically inferior to men has a depressingly long trajectory in Western civilisation. Prejudices concerning the modern menopause can be traced back to Aristotle and Galen. The belief that menstrual blood was a foul excretion was regularly repeated in medieval times. “Whosoever were to take a hair from the pubis of a woman and mix it with menses and then put it in a dung heap would at the end of the year find wicked, venomous beasts,” said one French observer. Louise Foxcroft’s entertaining book traces a history of the climacteric from Classical times to the present day—but makes grim reading for (male) doctors.

Most of the humane exceptions in an otherwise gruesome cast list are, of course, women—though not quite all. John Fothergill’s sensible essay Of the Management Proper at the Cessation of the Menses (1774) stated: “Nature is sufficient to provide for her own security on this occasion.” His advice was being echoed nearly two centuries later by such as Marie Stopes: “Do not anticipate any trouble at all at this time.” …
The Evaluation of Selumetinib a MEK-Inhibitor with and without the Addition of Erlotinib in KRAS Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: C. Carter, A. Rajan, S. Khozin, A. Thomas, A. Lopez-Chavez, C. Brzezniak, L. Doyle, C. Keen, M. Manu, M. Raffeld, G. Giaccone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Activin A induces dendritic cell migration through the polarized release of CXC chemokine ligands 12 and 14
Authors: Laura Salogni, Tiziana Musso, Daniela Bosisio, Massimiliano Mirolo, Venkatakrishna R. Jala, Bodduluri Haribabu, Massimo Locati, Silvano Sozzani
Journal: Blood (2009)
AMA, AAMC Say Reform Needed Across Continuum of US Medical Education
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2005)

sures to methyl mercury,” said Katherine M. Shea, MD, MPH, a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. “There is no doubt that methyl mercury contributes to developmental delay, learning disabilities, and loss of IQ points.” In the lawsuit, the groups allege that the EPA failed to consider the scientific evidence submitted in comments to the agency before the rule was finalized. Melanie A. Marty, PhD, chair of the EPA’s Children’s Health Protection Advisory Committee (CHPAC), sent a letter to EPA Administrator Michael Leavitt in January 2004 that expressed concerns about the cap and trade proposal: “The concern of the CHPAC is that this proposed action does not go as far as is feasible to reduce mercury emission from power plants, and thereby does not sufficiently protect our nation’s children.” A recent study estimated that between 316 588 and 637 233 infants born each year have cord blood mercury levels greater than 5.8 mg/L, a level that has been associated with the loss of IQ (Trasande et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:590-596). The authors also estimated that this loss of intelligence leads to productivity losses that cost the United States $8.7 billion annually. Noting that sources other than power plants contribute to the contamination, the authors estimated that $1.3 billion of these losses can be attributed to mercury emitted by power plants. Pamela C. Hagen, MSN, RN, chief programs officer of the American Nurses Association, noted that strict federal regulations have already reduced by 90% mercury emissions from hospital incinerators (and municipal waste incinerators), which were a top source of mercury emissions. Additionally, many hospitals have phased out the use of mercury-containing versions of devices such as thermometers and blood pressure cuffs. “We must expect no less from the electric utility industry,” Hagen said. “Both individual and societal success requires healthy minds,” Shea said. “We can ill afford to allow continued, preventable pollution with methyl mercury to trim away the IQ points and critical brain functions of our children.”
On Spinal Mineral Loss After the Menopause-Reply
Authors: Christopher E. Cann
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Dr Mazess has questioned the 10% per annum rate of bone loss we see in the spines of women within the first two years after oophorectomy, as measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). His argument centers on the question of compositional changes of the vertebral marrow, where the conversion of hematopoietic marrow to fatty marrow could simulate a reduction of bone mineral content when mineral is measured using single-energy QCT. His calculations are approximately correct; we have shown experimentally that a 10% increase in the fraction of vertebral volume occupied by fat (eg, from 20% to 30%, an increase of 50%) will cause a 3.5% apparent decrease in the mineral. 1 Cross-sectional population data from Heuck 2 show an absolute increase of 5% per decade in the volume of fat in the vertebral body, but also show that the spine contains substantially less fat than sites in the
Dioxin Levels in Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Bruce Rippee
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the article entitled "Serum 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin Levels in US Army Vietnam-Era Veterans."<sup>1</sup>I would like to compliment the authors on an excellent presentation of their material and for the obvious amount of work involved in performing such a complex experiment. I believe that the article was credible and the experiment valid. One of the weaknesses of the study, however, as the authors themselves noted, was that it contained no serum levels from the military personnel most likely to have direct contact with Agent Orange: the chemical corps. Another weakness was that the study did not mention the possibility that Agent Orange may have been metabolized into something other than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin in the 20 years since Vietnam.
Paraoxonase-1 reduces monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion to endothelial cells due to oxidation of palmitoyl, linoleoyl glycerophosphorylcholine
Authors: Zakaria Ahmed, Saeid Babaei, Graham F. Maguire, Dragomir Draganov, Arnis Kuksis, Bert N. La Du, Philip W. Connelly
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is postulated to protect against the development of atherosclerosis, in part, by inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the sub-endothelial space and thus inhibiting activation of the endothelium. The HDL-associated enzyme, paraoxonase-1, is proposed to be a major protective factor. However, HDL is also prone to oxidation when exposed to peroxynitrite and may therefore, once oxidized, have properties similar to oxidized LDL. Methods and results: We exposed human HDL to the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine and incubated oxidized HDL with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Oxidized HDL increased monocyte binding (P<0.001) and enhanced chemotaxis (P<0.001). The major oxidized phospholipids were 1-palmitoyl (stearoyl)-2-[9-oxo]nanoyl(azelaoyl)-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, derived from linoleate-containing phosphatidylcholines, and 1-palmitoyl(stearoyl)-2-[5-oxo]valeroyl(glutaroyl)-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, derived from arachidonate-containing phosphatidylcholines. Incubation of HUVECs with synthetically prepared 1-palmitoyl-2-[9-oxo]nanoyl(azelaoyl)-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, or 1-palmitoyl-2-[5-oxo]valeroyl(glutaroyl)-sn-glycero-phosphocholine increased binding of monocytes (P<0.001) and chemotaxis (P<0.001). Purified paraoxonase-1 reduced monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis (P<0.001). Conclusions: (i) HDL can be a source of oxidatively-derived bioactive phospholipids; (ii) the fragmented phospholipids with a 9-carbon aldehyde or acid are as effective as a 5-carbon aldehyde or acid at inducing monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis; and (iii) paraoxonase-1 is effective at reducing the activity of these phospholipid oxidation products.
THE BOURNEMOUTH TYPHOID OUTBREAK
Authors: D. Cotes-Preedy
Journal: BMJ (1937)

THE BOURNEMOUTH TYPHOID OUTbREAKMEBRITISHL 825gested that Queen Charlotte's, throuigh its ante-natal clinic, should carry out experiments on the bearing of nutrition on safe maternity.It was mentioned by Mr. H.B. STOKES, secretary-superintendent of the hospital, that a certain number of anaesthetic machines of the Minnitt type, but incorporating improvements by Mr. Rivett, and known as the " Queen Charlotte's model," had been distributed- to the districts, and were being used by midwives with great success.THE BOURNEMOUTH TYPHOID OUTBREAK JUDGE COTES-PREEDY'S REPORT The following is the report by His Honour Judge D. Cotes- Preedy, K.C
Seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus among Chinese subjects in Taiwan
Authors: Shou-Dong Lee, Yuan-Jen Wang, Ruey-Hwa Lu, Cho-Yu Chan, Kwang-Juei Lo, Randolph Moeckli
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Recently, with an available serological hepatitis E virus diagnostic kit, the prevalence of IgG antibody to hepatitis E virus among Chinese subjects in Taiwan was evaluated by means of a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay based on two recombinant hepatitis E virus antigens. The overall prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody was 10.7% among 384 healthy subjects older than 20 yr but only 0.3% among 600 schoolchildren and young adolescents younger than 20 yr (p < 0.0001). Serial serum samples from 32 hepatitis E virus antibody-positive healthy subjects showed 84% of them to have antibodies persisting more than 3 to 8 yr. Among patients with viral hepatitis, IgG hepatitis E virus antibody was detected in 10% of 10 patients with acute hepatitis A, in 9.5% of 63 patients with acute hepatitis B and in 13.9% of 36 patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis C. Of 77 patients with sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis, IgG hepatitis E virus antibody was detected in 18.9% of 53 patients positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus and in 45.8% of 24 patients negative for hepatitis C virus antibody (p < 0.03). Most of our hepatitis E virus antibody-positive normal subjects and patients had never been abroad. These findings demonstrate that sporadic or subclinical hepatitis E virus infections also exist among the Chinese subjects in Taiwan. Hepatitis E virus infection may play an important role in patients with hepatitis C virus antibody-negative sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. IgG hepatitis E virus antibody in the sera of normal subjects may last for more than 8 yr.
Demand for Medical Care
Authors: W. B. S. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors show promise as chemotherapeutic agents and have been demonstrated to block proliferation in a wide range of tumor cell lines. Much of this antiproliferative effect has been ascribed to the up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21<sup>WAF1/CIP1</sup>. In this article, we report that p21 expression was up-regulated by relatively low doses of the histone deacetylase inhibitor azelaic bishydroxamic acid (ABHA) and correlated with a proliferative arrest. Higher doses of ABHA were cytotoxic. Cells that did not up-regulate p21 expression were hypersensitive to killing by ABHA and died via apoptosis, whereas up-regulation of p21 correlated with reduced sensitivity and a block in the apoptotic mechanism, and these cells seemed to die by necrosis. Using isogenic p21<sup>+/+</sup> and p21<sup>−/−</sup> cell lines and direct inhibition of caspase activity, we demonstrate that the reduced sensitivity to killing by ABHA is a consequence of inhibition of apoptosis by up-regulated p21 expression. These data indicate the enormous potential of therapeutic strategies that bypass the cytoprotective effect of p21 and act on the same molecular targets as the histone deacetylase inhibitors.
TCT-347 Assessment of Intravascular Ultrasound-derived Minimal Lumen Area and Fractional Flow Reserve to Evaluate Functionally Significant Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jae-Sik Jang, Yeo-Jeong Song, Han-Young Jin, Jeong-Sook Seo, Tae-Hyun Yang, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Dong-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fine-mapping of IgE-associated loci 1q23, 5q31, and 12q13 using 1000 Genomes Project data
Authors: V. Sharma, S. Michel, V. Gaertner, A. Franke, C. Vogelberg, A. von Berg, A. Bufe, A. Heinzmann, O. Laub, E. Rietschel, B. Simma, T. Frischer, J. Genuneit, S. Zeilinger, T. Illig, M. Schedel, D. P. Potaczek, M. Kabesch
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) repeatedly identified 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50-IL13 and IL4), and 12q13 (STAT6) as major susceptibility loci influencing the regulation of total serum IgE levels. As GWAS may be insufficient to capture causal variants, we performed fine-mapping and re-genotyping of the three loci using 1000 Genomes Project datasets. Methods Linkage disequilibrium tagging polymorphisms and polymorphisms of putative functional relevance were genotyped by chip technology (24 polymorphisms) or MALDI-TOF-MS (40 polymorphisms) in at least 1303 German children (651 asthmatics). The effect of polymorphisms on total serum IgE, IgE percentiles, and atopic diseases was assessed, and a risk score model was applied for gene-by-gene interaction analyses. Functional effects of putative causal variants from these three loci were studied in silico. Results Associations from GWAS were confirmed and extended. For 1q23 and 5q31, the majority of associations were found with mild to moderately elevated IgE levels, while in the 12q13 locus, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with strongly elevated IgE levels. Gene-by-gene interaction analyses suggested that the presence of mutations in all three loci increases the risk for elevated IgE up to fourfold. Conclusion This fine-mapping study confirmed previous associations and identified novel associations of SNPs in 1q23, 5q31, and 12q13 with different levels of serum IgE and their concomitant contribution to IgE regulation.
Racial, ethnic, and gender variations in cancer risk: considerations for future epidemiologic research.
Authors: S H Zahm, J F Fraumeni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

There is no question that the risk of many cancers varies substantially by race, ethnic group, and gender. Although important clues to cancer etiology may come from investigating the differences in risk across subgroups of the population, epidemiologic research has often focused on white men. More descriptive and analytic studies are needed to identify and explain variations in risk among population subgroups. Especially important are studies to clarify the role of differential exposures, susceptibility, and diagnostic factors in cancer incidence, although differences in treatment may contribute to variations in cancer mortality. Improvements in classification of ethnicity, assessment of carcinogenic exposures in various subpopulations, and measures of host susceptibility states should augment future epidemiologic research designed to better understand mechanisms underlying the racial, ethnic, and gender differences in cancer risk.
Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia: Report of a single case treated with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Deepti Bulchandani, Jagdish Nachnani, Robert Belt, Stuart Hinton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia (APMA) is a rare disorder in the field of hematological diseases. We report the case of a patient with APMA treated with mycophenolate mofetil and review the literature associated with this. Until today, very few cases of APMA have been reported and the disease etiology still seems to be unclear. There have been no reported cases of treatment of APMA treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rare adult acute lymphocytic leukemia with CD56 expression in the ECOG experience shows unexpected phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Elisabeth Paietta, Donna Neuberg, Susan Richards, John M. Bennett, Lei Han, Janis Racevskis, Gordon Dewald, Jacob M. Rowe, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Expression of CD56, a marker of natural killer (NK) cells, in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is rare and, to date, has been described only in non-B lineage ALL. Among 194 patients with CD56 analysis on the ongoing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) ALL trial, E2993, 6 cases of CD56+ ALL were found (3.1%) with a median of 95% of blast cells expressing CD56, compared with a median of 1% of blast cells in CD56− ALL (P = 0.0001). FAB-L2 characteristics dominated, without granulation. Blast cells from four CD56+ patients expressed T-cell antigens at variable levels of maturation. A clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) gene was detected only in one patient. TCRβ variable gene usage studies in this and one other CD56+ ALL patient demonstrated a significantly perturbed usage pattern in both patients when compared with control lymphocytes. The two remaining cases typed as early pre-B ALL (CD19+, CD10+), with one case co-expressing CD7. Cytogenetically, 4 patients were normal, 1 complex abnormal, and 1 Philadelphia chromosome positive. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences were detected in one T- and both B-lymphoid cases. Our data suggest that CD56 is expressed at a precursor stage common to the T- and the B-cell lineage. Am. J. Hematol. 66:189–196, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recurrent Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Louis Balizet
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 55-year-old man developed three parathyroid adenomas 11 years after the removal of an equal number of parathyroid adenomas. He had received thiazides for nine years prior to removal of the second set of adenomas. Although the evidence is only circumstantial, it is suggested that prolonged thiazide administration may have induced the recurrence of the adenomas.
Total Sialic Acid and Associated Elements of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women With and Without Previous Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Mohanaluxmi Sriharan, Angela J. Reichelt, Maria Lúcia R. Opperman, Bruce B. Duncan, Sotero S. Mengue, Martin A. Crook, Maria I. Schmidt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Inflammatory markers predict type 2 diabetes and relate to the metabolic syndrome. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predicts type 2 diabetes and may be part of this syndrome. To examine the association of inflammatory markers with GDM, we investigated total sialic acid (TSA) in women with and without previous GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—All women with GDM and a random sample of women from one center of the Brazilian Study of Gestational Diabetes were invited to return 7 years after their index pregnancy. After an interview, an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry were performed. A total of 46 women with and 50 women without previous GDM completed the protocol. RESULTS—Mean TSA was significantly higher in women with (71.8 ± 11.1 mg/dl) than without (67.5 ± 9.8 mg/dl) previous GDM (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In a linear regression model, TSA was 4 mg/dl (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in women with previous GDM, after adjustment for BMI, fasting insulin sensitivity, and number of years spent in school. In a similar model, current 2-h plasma glucose levels were associated with higher TSA levels after adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and the log of triglycerides. TSA was strongly correlated with individual components and aggregates (r = 0.55, P &amp;lt; 0.001) of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—Increased TSA levels are associated with previous GDM and are strongly linked to the metabolic syndrome. These findings in young women suggest that a chronic mild systemic inflammatory response is an early feature of the metabolic syndrome and that GDM may be a window for its investigation.
Part time working and job sharing in the NHS.
Authors: V. van Someren
Journal: BMJ (1992)

If no obvious cause for subfertility is found then the timing of referral to a specialist centre is important and should take account of the woman's age and the duration of subfertility.The longer the patient remains childless the lower the chance of conception, and as time runs out anxiety increases.Purchasing authorities are beginning to recognise the importance of subfertility and to purchase services for assisted conception.The techniques themselves are coming under increasing scrutiny from randomised trials.For example, 10 such studies have evaluated the effects of down regulation of the pituitary gland before ovulation was induced, and these have confirmed that this treatment is effective in doubling the rate of conception and halving the number of cancelled cycles.' General practitioners need information about the effective- ness of treatments for subfertility so that they can advise patients and contribute to any discussion about the level of funding of subfertility services.The newly published bulletin on the management of subfertility3 and the guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists on the topic4 will help such difficult choices.
Spontaneous improvement of congenital malalignment of the great toe nails
Authors: S.E. Handfield-Jones, R.R.M. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Spontaneous improvement of congenital malalignment of the great toe nails Get access S.E. Handfield‐Jones, S.E. Handfield‐Jones Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.R.M. Harman R.R.M. Harman Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 2, 1 February 1988, Page 305, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01787.x Published: 01 February 1988