tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CAUSES OF ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN BY THE LUNGS
Authors: C. G. Douglas, J. S. Haldane
Journal: BMJ (1910)

JOUILK-'This tenderness, I may say, I have found present in several patients suffering from plumbism, though I would not like to igo so far as to say that this form of sciatica is pathognomonic of plumbic poisoning.The next time I saw him was on February 14th, 1910, when in addition to the above signs I found both wrists somewhat weak and suggestive of plumbism.With the permission of his medical attendant I prescribed calcium permanganate, J grain, -three times a day; after fourteen days I found that the lead dine had disappeared, as well as the sciatic tenderness, while the wrists were decidedly stronger.CASE II.C. F., aged 54, a mason, constantly employed at lead works, -especially for repairing the culverts along which the fumes travel, fractured his clavicle, but this by December 13th, 1909, when I saw him for the first time, had healed well.He had a lead line and was very anaemic, but there was no other sign or symptom of plumbism present.I ordered ecalcium permanganate, I grain, miXed with paraffin, and put up in the form of capsules by Messrs. Allen and Hanbury.This ,method of administration does away with the disagreeable taste of the drug, and it also allows its action to be gradual.At the end of three weeks the lead line had disappeared and this appearance had distinctly improved, the anaemia having 4early disappeared.CASE Ill.J. P., aged 35, who had been fifteen years at the lead works, was very pale and both wrists were rather suggestive of Vplumbic weakness.There was a lead line on the gums and -also a dark deposit on the mucous membrane of the lower lip.After three weeks' treatment with the drug (in capsules) the Read line disappeared, and there was a considerable diminution -of the dark deposit on the mucous membrane.The pallor, which at first was marked, became gradually less, and eventu- ,ally he developed quite a healthy appearance, while the wrist weakness also disappeared.He observed that the drug had the effect of causing his bowels to act three times a day, instead of itwice.All the deposit disappeared by the end of five weeks.CASE IV.F. S., aged 31, whom I saw on June 9th, 1909, had to give up work on accounu of " wrenched back."There was tenderness eover the lower third of the sciatic nerves; he also had a lead line, as well as a line of black tartar.After taking calcium permanganate for fourteen days, the lead line disappeared, Ueaving the black tartar line, which only required the use of a toothbrush.CASE V.J. W., aged 40, was pale, and the wrists suggested plumbism.The saliva gave a very slight reaction in the test for potassium ,sulphocyanide.After three weeks' treatment the lead line was very much Qess, thewrists better, and the potassium sulphocyanide reaction 4nuch more satisfactory.The man's alooholic habits consider- Ably interfered with the treatment in this case.
Identification of BTG2, an antiproliferative p53–dependent component of the DNA damage cellular response pathway
Authors: Jean-Pierre Rouault, Nicole Falette, Fabienne Guéhenneux, Céline Guillot, Ruth Rimokh, Qing Wang, Cyril Berthet, Caroline Moyret-Lalle, Pierre Savatier, Bertrand Pain, Philip Shaw, Roland Berger, Jacques Samarut, Jean-Pierre Magaud, Mehmet Ozturk, Christiane Samarut, Alain Puisieux
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery on Resting Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Severe Emphysema
Authors: Gerard J. Criner, Steven M. Scharf, Jeremy A. Falk, John P. Gaughan, Alice L. Sternberg, Namrata B. Patel, Henry E. Fessler, Omar A. Minai, Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

To determine the effect of medical treatment versus lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on pulmonary hemodynamics.Three clinical centers of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) screened patients for additional inclusion into a cardiovascular (CV) substudy. Demographics were determined, and lung function testing, six-minute-walk distance, and maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing were done at baseline and 6 months after medical therapy or LVRS. CV substudy patients underwent right heart catheterization at rest prerandomization (baseline) and 6 months after treatment.A total of 110 of the 163 patients evaluated for the CV substudy were randomized in NETT (53 were ineligible), 54 to medical treatment and 56 to LVRS. Fifty-five of these patients had both baseline and repeat right heart catheterization 6 months postrandomization. Baseline demographics and lung function data revealed CV substudy patients to be similar to the remaining 1,163 randomized NETT patients in terms of age, sex, FEV(1), residual volume, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, Pa(O(2)), Pa(CO(2)), and six-minute-walk distance. CV substudy patients had moderate pulmonary hypertension at rest (Ppa, 24.8 +/- 4.9 mm Hg); baseline hemodynamic measurements were similar across groups. Changes from baseline pressures to 6 months post-treatment were similar across treatment groups, except for a smaller change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at end-expiration post-LVRS compared with medical treatment (-1.8 vs. 3.5 mm Hg, p = 0.04).In comparison to medical therapy, LVRS was not associated with an increase in pulmonary artery pressures.
The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration
Authors: Walter A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Centuries of clinical experience show that placebos benefit a wide range of afflictions. And research over the past few decades has identified some of the mechanisms behind the placebo effect. But the health care community has yet to embrace and harness this important part of healing. The placebo response—more descriptively, response to the treatment situation—continues to be unwanted and disparaged. Why does the placebo response have such a dubious reputation? Why have we not embraced this important part of healing? The term "placebo" itself comes with unfortunate baggage. Latin for "I shall please," by the 14th century placebo had become a pejorative term meaning flatterer, sycophant, toady. When it entered medical terminology in the 19th century, the pejorative meaning stuck. Placebo was defined as a medicine given to please patients rather than to benefit them. Placebo continues to imply deception, fakery, and ineffectiveness. But one of the things most
Abstract 1616: Preventive effects of EGCG on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice
Authors: Takahiro Kochi, Masahito Shimizu, Hiroyasu Sakai, Yohei Shirakami, Masaya Kubota, Takuji Tanaka, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background and aims: Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and a state of chronic inflammation, increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Abnormal activation of the IGF/IGF-1R axis is also involved in obesity-related liver tumorigenesis. In the present study, we examined the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major biologically active component of green tea, on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumorigenesis in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese mice. Methods: Male db/db mice were given tap water containing 40 ppm DEN for 2 weeks and then they received drinking water containing 0.1% EGCG for 34 weeks. Results: At sacrifice, drinking water with EGCG significantly inhibited the development of liver cell adenomas in comparison to the control EGCG-untreated group. EGCG inhibited the phosphorylation of the IGF-1R, ERK, Akt, GSK-3β, Stat3, and JNK proteins in the livers of experimental mice. The serum levels of insulin, IGF-1, IGF-2, free fatty acid, and TNF-α were all decreased by drinking EGCG. EGCG also decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-18 mRNAs in the livers. In addition, EGCG improved liver steatosis and activated the AMPK protein in the liver. Conclusion: EGCG prevents obesity-related liver tumorigenesis by inhibiting the IGF/IGF-1R axis, improving hyperinsulinemia, and attenuating chronic inflammation. EGCG, therefore, may be useful in the chemoprevention of liver tumorigenesis in obese individuals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1616. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1616
Microbic Phagocytosis by Enteric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During electron microscopic studies on the enteric entry of inorganic insoluble microcrystals in rats<sup>1</sup>, serendipitous observations were made in sections of ileum. Many microorganisms were present even after the luminal contents had been flushed out at necropsy. Microorganisms seen free in the lumen may have stuck to the brush border of the lining and dislodged in the preparation of sections for study, but more than 20 others were touching, attached to, penetrating, or engulfed in epithelial cells. The rod-like forms resembled a streptobacillus described by Hampton,<sup>2</sup>but they probably are fungi. Some of them appeared to be in segmental stages of development, while others were swollen, blurred, and dead. Each segment of a 7μ sharply focused rod had a rounded body, and similar 0.5μ to 1μ sized partitioned bodies nearby (Fig 1) may represent stages in its life cycle. A disintegrated broken rod consisting of seven segments suggested
Role of Charge and Hydrophobic Interactions in the Action of Bactericidal/Permeability-increasing Protein of Neutrophils on Gram-negative Bacteria
Authors: Jerrold Weiss, Michael Victor, Peter Elsbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have recently provided evidence suggesting that the action of purified cationic bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) from neutrophils on susceptible gram-negative bacteria requires saturation binding to negatively charged surface sites (Weiss, J., S. Beckerdite-Quagliata, and P. Elsbach, 1980, J. Clin. Invest., 65: 619-628.)
Spiking Fever From Isoniazid Simulating a Septic Process
Authors: Norman F. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DRUG FEVER as the only manifestation of isoniazid intolerance is uncommon. In one series, fever without other evidence of hypersensitivity developed in only five of 1,724 hospitalized patients treated with isoniazid.<sup>1</sup>In describing drug fever, it has been said that the temperature characteristically remains elevated, fixed at a relatively constant level. We report a case in which an intermittent spiking fever pattern led to diagnostic confusion, but was related to isoniazid ingestion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man with pneumonia was transferred from another hospital. Two weeks previously a cough with sputum production had developed. One week before transfer, he had a shaking chill and became febrile and dyspneic. On his admission to the first hospital he had a temperature of 39 °C. A chest roentgenogram showed a left lower lobe infiltrate. Cephalexin monohydrate was administered; he became afebrile in three days and was then transferred to
Quantitative evaluation of altered hepatic spaces and membrane transport in fibrotic rat liver
Authors: Daniel Y. Hung, Ping Chang, Kee Cheung, Clay Winterford, Michael S. Roberts
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Four animal models were used to quantitatively evaluate hepatic alterations in this study: (1) a carbon tetrachloride control group (phenobarbital treatment only), (2) a CCl 4 -treated group (phenobarbital with CCl 4 treatment), (3) an alcohol-treated group (liquid diet with alcohol treatment), and (4) a pair-fed alcohol control group (liquid diet only). At the end of induction, single-pass perfused livers were used to conduct multiple indicator dilution (MID) studies. Hepatic spaces (vascular space, extravascular albumin space, extravascular sucrose space, and cellular distribution volume) and water hepatocyte permeability/surface area product were estimated from nonlinear regression of outflow concentration versus time profile data. The hepatic extraction ratio of 3 H-taurocholate was determined by the nonparametric moments method. Livers were then dissected for histopathologic analyses ( e.g. , fibrosis index, number of fenestrae). In these 4 models, CCl 4 -treated rats were found to have the smallest vascular space, extravascular albumin space, 3 H-taurocholate extraction, and water hepatocyte permeability/surface area product but the largest extravascular sucrose space and cellular distribution volume. In addition, a linear relationship was found to exist between histopathologic analyses (fibrosis index or number of fenestrae) and hepatic spaces. The hepatic extraction ratio of 3 H-taurocholate and water hepatocyte permeability/surface area product also correlated to the severity of fibrosis as defined by the fibrosis index. In conclusion, the multiple indicator dilution data obtained from the in situ perfused rat liver can be directly related to histopathologic analyses.
Regulation of the Immune Response by the Major Histocompatibility System
Authors: Hugh O. McDevitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

IN the past decade, it has become apparent that the immune response is precisely regulated.1 2 3 4 5 This regulation operates at several levels and determines whether there will be an immune response to an antigen, what the magnitude of the response will be, which classes of antibodies will be produced, and which subsets of antigen-specific T cells will be induced. In retrospect, it seems obvious that regulation would be required to prevent the immune response to each antigen from assuming the proportions of a polyclonal gammopathy or a lymphoproliferative syndrome.Most antigens elicit a complex interacting set, or network, of functionally distinct, . . .
Adjunctive Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibition With Tirofiban Before Primary Angioplasty Improves Angiographic Outcomes
Authors: David P. Lee, Niall A. Herity, Bonnie L. Hiatt, William F. Fearon, Mehrdad Rezaee, Andrew J. Carter, Michelle Huston, Donald Schreiber, Peter M. DiBattiste, Alan C. Yeung
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Previous work has suggested that platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade may confer benefit in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The TIGER-PA pilot trial was a single-center randomized study to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and utility of early tirofiban administration before planned primary angioplasty in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction.A total of 100 patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction were randomized to either early administration of tirofiban in the emergency room or later administration in the catheterization laboratory. The primary outcome measures were initial TIMI grade flow, corrected TIMI frame counts, and TIMI grade myocardial perfusion ("blush"). Thirty-day major adverse cardiac events were also assessed. Angiographic outcomes demonstrate a significant improvement in initial TIMI grade flow, corrected TIMI frame counts, and TIMI grade myocardial perfusion when patients are given tirofiban in the emergency room before primary angioplasty. The rate of 30-day major adverse cardiac events suggests that early administration may be beneficial.This pilot study suggests that early administration of tirofiban improves angiographic outcomes and is safe and feasible in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.
Book Review Health Security for All: Dreams of Universal Health Care in America By Alan Derickson. 240 pp. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. $30. 0-8018-8081-5 Healthy, Wealthy, and Fair: Health Care and the Good Society Edited by James A. Morone and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 382 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 2005. $29.95. 0-19-517066-0
Authors: Marian E. Gornick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Neurologic Manifestations of Respiratory Failure.
Authors: Kaye H. Kilburn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Neurologic Manifestations of Respiratory Failure.Kaye H. Kilburn, M.D.Kaye H. Kilburn, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-919_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptConfusion, asterixis, and tremors have been noted previously in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, but the incidence and importance of these signs has received little attention. Cognitive dysfunction, memory deficits, disorientation, somnolence, coma, asterixis, tremors, headache, and seizures were appraised and correlated with cardiopulmonary features and arterial blood hydrogen ion concentration (pH), carbon dioxide (Paco2), and oxygen (Pao2) tensions during 32 episodes of acute respiratory failure. This syndrome was defined by a Paco2above 60 mm Hg or a Pao2below 55 mm Hg. Twenty-two patients had asterixis, 20 had somnolence, 16 had cognitive dysfunction, memory deficits and inability to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNoninvasive mechanical ventilation with average volume assured pressure support (AVAPS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypercapnic encephalopathy 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 919-920KeywordsArterial partial pressure of oxygenAttentionBloodCarbon dioxideComaEpileptic seizuresHeadachesMemoryOxygenRespiratory failure Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Medical Professionalism — Focusing on the Real Issues
Authors: D J Rothman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

There is considerable interest in reinvigorating medical professionalism.16 This interest reflects a profound unease with the seeming primacy of economic factors among those currently affecting medical practice in the United States. There is general agreement that patients' interests must take precedence over physicians' financial self-interest and that professionalism also entails service to vulnerable populations and civic engagement. But as commentators focus on managed care and other issues of the moment, many considerations are entirely overlooked. These omissions may well subvert the effort to make professionalism relevant to contemporary medicine.Because the focus on the threats from managed care is . . .
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Lymphocytes
Authors: John F. Griffith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the publication that alerted the medical world to the presence of viral nucleocapsids in nerve and glial cells of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).1 This was followed by the important observation by Connolly et al.2 of measles virus antigen in these cells and high levels of anti-measles antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of these patients. Similar findings were subsequently reported from many centers, and a National Institutes of Health conference was convened in 1967 to review the problem. At that time the virus had not been recovered from brain tissue . . .
NHS still needs major changes to achieve required efficiency gains, says chief executive
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS went wrong and “lost the plot” because of the way the previous Labour government carried out reforms, the NHS’s chief executive, David Nicholson, has told a conference.

He said that officials implementing changes, such as practice based commissioning and Payment by Results, the system for paying hospitals according to activity, got bogged down in policy details instead of focusing on outcomes.

“We got so excited about the technicalities of how these things work, we forgot the purpose: of making things better for patients,” he said at the spring health and social care conference of the Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations in London on 30 March.

Nicholson recalled how …
Depth of resection using two different endoscopic mucosal resection techniques
Authors: J. Abrams, P. Fedi, E. Vakiani, D. Hatefi, H. Remotti, C. Lightdale
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de J. A. Abrams et al., pp. 395Endoscopy 2008; 40(05): 454-454DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306831
Molecular basis of spectrin deficiency in beta spectrin Durham. A deletion within beta spectrin adjacent to the ankyrin-binding site precludes spectrin attachment to the membrane in hereditary spherocytosis.
Authors: H Hassoun, J N Vassiliadis, J Murray, S J Yi, M Hanspal, R E Ware, S S Winter, S S Chiou, J Palek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We describe a spectrin variant characterized by a truncated beta chain and associated with hereditary spherocytosis. The clinical phenotype consists of a moderate hemolytic anemia with striking spherocytosis and mild spiculation of the red cells. We describe the biochemical characteristics of this truncated protein which constitutes only 10% of the total beta spectrin present on the membrane, resulting in spectrin deficiency. Analysis of reticulocyte cDNA revealed the deletion of exons 22 and 23. We show, using Southern blot analysis, that this truncation results from a 4.6-kb genomic deletion. To elucidate the basis for the decreased amount of the truncated protein on the membrane and the overall spectrin deficiency, we show that (a) the mutated gene is efficiently transcribed and its mRNA abundant in reticulocytes, (b) the mutant protein is normally synthesized in erythroid progenitor cells, (c) the stability of the mutant protein in the cytoplasm of erythroblasts parallels that of the normal beta spectrin, and (d) the abnormal protein is inefficiently incorporated into the membrane of erythroblasts. We conclude that the truncation within the beta spectrin leads to inefficient incorporation of the mutant protein into the skeleton despite its normal synthesis and stability. We postulate that this misincorporation results from conformational changes of the beta spectrin subunit affecting the binding of the abnormal heterodimer to ankyrin, and we provide evidence based on binding assays of recombinant synthetic peptides to inside-out-vesicles to support this model.
Putting Cholesterol Control on a Diet
Authors: P. D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Opposition to the current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines borders on the unpatriotic.Nevertheless, I read the July 7 issue of<i>JAMA</i>on July 4 and would like to exercise my independence by offering the following expansion of Table 4 from the lead article by Wilson et al.<sup>1</sup> I added the percentage of patients asked to return at 1 year and immediately who are not helped (in 6 years) because they were among those not destined to suffer coronary heart disease. The Table shows that for the majority of patients subjected to anxiety, dietary restriction, and possibly lipid-lowering drugs, there is no 6-year benefit. Only in the older two groups does the effort seem worthwhile. This ignores the possibility of physical and psychological harm to those who are treated and the probability that intervention in those destined to suffer a coronary heart disease event may