tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atopic eczema: role of microorganisms on the skin surface
Authors: J. Ring, D. Abeck, K. Neuber
Journal: Allergy (1992)

The pathophysiology of atopic eczema (AE) is still poorly understood. One possible concept favors IgE‐mediated reactivity towards allergens that enter the skin from the outside or through the blood. Microorganisms of the cutaneous flora also might represent a stimulus for allergic skin reactions. Abnormal bacterial skin colonization is a characteristic feature of AE. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ) is the most common pathogen. Binding to host cells involves special receptors, such as fibronectin or laminin. Specific IgE antibodies to S. aureus can be detected in the blood. Whereas the clinical relevance of anti‐staphylococcal antibodies is still controversial, specific IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum species as well as positive type I prick test reactions to these yeasts seem to correlate with the intensity of eczematous lesions in the head and neck regions of patients with AE. Both antimicrobial and antifungal treatment has been shown helpful in some cases of AE.
Occam's razor
Authors: K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I remember an event when I was 17, and only three days into university. I was cycling across a green towards the river when I saw a startlingly beautiful young woman walking slowly along the towpath. She seemed to be, like myself, on the edge of childhood, when the colours of the world were vivid with the uncertainty of adulthood. Subsequently I always watched for her, but only saw her again once, more than 10 years later.

I was …
Adding Noninsulin Antidiabetic Drugs to Metformin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Postchallenge Hyperglycemia and Mortality in a National Sample of U.S. Adults
Authors: Sharon H. Saydah, Montserrat Miret, Jennifer Sung, Cristina Varas, Douglas Gause, Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Although postchallenge hyperglycemia is a well-established feature of type 2 diabetes, its association with risk of mortality is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the independent association of fasting and 2-h glucose levels with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) Mortality Study, a prospective cohort study of U.S. adults examined in the NHANES II, and focused on the 3,092 adults aged 30–74 years who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline (1976–1980). Deaths were identified from U.S. national mortality files from 1976 to 1992. To account for the complex survey design, we used SUDAAN statistical software for weighted analysis. RESULTS—Compared with their normoglycemic counterparts (fasting glucose [FG] &amp;lt;7.0 and 2-h glucose &amp;lt;7.8 mmol/l), adults with fasting and postchallenge hyperglycemia (FG ≥7.0 and 2-h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l) had a twofold higher risk of death after 16 years of follow-up (age- and sex-adjusted relative hazard [RH] 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.2). However, adults with isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (FG &amp;lt;7.0 and 2-h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l) were also at higher risk of death (1.6, 1.0–2.6). In proportional hazards analysis, FG (fully adjusted RH 1.10 per 1 SD; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22) and 2-h glucose (1.14, 1.00–1.29) showed nearly identical predictive value for mortality. Similar trends were observed for CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that postchallenge hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality independently of other CVD risk factors.
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Graft Purging and Expansion of Autologous Blood Progenitor Cell Products from Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hong Yang, Simon N. Robinson, Yago Nieto, Richard J. Jones, Christopher D. Gocke, Junjun Lu, Sergio A. Giralt, Roy B. Jones, William K. Decker, Dongxia Xing, David Steiner, Richard E. Champlin, John D. McMannis, Jingjing Ng, Michael W. Thomas, Nina Shah, Borje S. Andersson, Simrit Parmar, Elizabeth J. Shpall
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation is the treatment of choice for selected myeloma patients. However, tumor cells contaminating the apheresis product are a potential source of relapse. Here we report a sequential purging strategy targeting mature and immature clonogenic myeloma cell populations in the autograft. Thawed PBPC products of myeloma patients were treated with rituximab to kill CD138(-)20(+) B cells (highly clonogenic immature cells), and bortezomib to target CD138(+) cells (normal and differentiated myeloma plasma cells), followed by coculture with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from normal donors. After 7 days of coculture, nonadherent cells were removed and cultured in the absence of MSC for an additional 7 days. Then, efficacy of purging (removal of CD138(-)20(+) and CD138(+) cells) was assessed by flow cytometry and PCR. We used our ex vivo purging strategy to treat frozen aphereses from 16 patients. CD138(+) and CD138(-)20(+)(19(+)) cells present in the initial products were depleted more than 3 and 4 logs, respectively based on 10(6) flow-acquisition events, and to levels below the limit of detection by PCR. In contrast, total nucleated cell (TNC), CD34(+) cell, and colony-forming cell numbers were increased by approximately 12 to 20, 8-, and 23-fold, respectively. Overall, ex vivo treatment of apheresis products with rituximab, bortezomib, and coculture with normal donor MSC depleted mature and immature myeloma cells from clinical aphereses while expanding the normal hematopoietic progenitor cell compartment.
Positional cloning of the combined hyperlipidemia gene Hyplip1
Authors: Jackie S. Bodnar, Aurobindo Chatterjee, Lawrence W. Castellani, David A. Ross, Jeffrey Ohmen, James Cavalcoli, Chenyan Wu, Katherine M. Dains, Joe Catanese, Michael Chu, Sonal S. Sheth, Kanti Charugundla, Peter Demant, David B. West, Pieter de Jong, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Recurrent Symptomatic Spontaneous Pneumothorax Caused by Bronchial Adenoma
Authors: H. Schubert, H. Peters
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

Symptomatic spontaneous pneumothorax may complicate nearly all pleural or pulmonary diseases. Yet easiliy to be understood pathomechanically, bronchial adenoma as the primary disease of pneumothorax has not been mentioned very often in detailed reports of the concerned literature. In a 21-year-old female suffering from recurrent pneumothorax finally the diagnosis of bronchial adenoma was stated and causal surgical treatment could be done succesfully.
Abstract 5058: Application of a high throughput cancer mutation profiling platform to clinical research
Authors: Elizabeth P. Garcia, Priyanka Shivdasani, Nematullah Sharaf, Lauren Crosby, Mark N. Byrne, Jacqueline E. Wade, Ruchi Joshi, Matthew Ducar, Emanuele Palescandolo, Paul Van Hummelen, Neal I. Lindeman, Frank C. Kuo, Janina A. Longtine, Laura E. MacConaill
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Detection of critical cancer gene mutations in tumor samples may result in improved care, treatment and outcomes for patients. It has become clear that for specific cancer types there is a high association between mutations in a defined set of oncogenes or tumor suppressors some of which are actionable. While it has become common practice to screen for specific mutations in specific cancer types, to date broad mutation screening has not been practical. We report here the first large scale screening initiative between the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital that allows adult cancer patients the option to have their tumor tissue screened for genetic mutations implicated in cancer. OncoMap is a high throughput mutation profiling platform developed to detect 471 genetic mutations across 41 known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The goal is to utilize OncoMap to identify genetic mutations in cancerous tissue across all tumor and tissue types. Because there is no bias as to which cancers are screened for specific mutations our aim is to identify new trends and associations between cancer types, mutational status and patient outcome. OncoMap has been analytically validated under CLIA guidelines as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Our findings show that OncoMap detects somatic mutations that are present at an allele frequency of 7.5% with 95% confidence. Precision and reproducibility studies were performed using 30 distinct formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples from various tissue types known to harbor somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF or exon 19 deletions in EGFR. Further concordance studies demonstrate that OncoMap shows ninety-six percent sensitivity with respect to detection of codon 12 and 13 mutations in KRAS, detection of BRAF V600E mutations and JAK2 V617F mutations. Using the OncoMap cancer genetic profiling platform we anticipate that ∼10,000 individual tumors from adult cancer patients will be screened on a yearly basis enabling the identification of newly discovered associations between cancer tissues, their mutational status and patient outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5058. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5058
Adult severe combined immunodeficiency and sarcoid‐like granulomas with hypersplenism
Authors: Alan D. Edelstein, Richard S. Neiman, Aaron Miller, Abraham P. Zimelman, Ross E. Rocklin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract A patient presented with lymphopenia, anergy, hypogammaglobulinemia and hypersplenism. Histologic examination of the spleen and lymph node revealed noncaseating sarcoid‐like granulomas. Despite a significant rise in circulating lymphocytes after splenectomy there was in vivo and in vitro evidence of B‐ and T‐lymphocyte dysfunction. A histologic picture mimicking sarcoidosis may occur in patients with immune deficiency. The granulomatous proliferation may represent an altered host response to antigen.
Mortality After First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eve Weinblatt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Two earlier studies of prognosis of coronary heart disease among men enrolled in the Health Insurance Plan in the 1960s and 1970s permitted us to examine whether prognosis had improved over this ten-year period. The new comparison involved 1,133 men aged 35 to 64 years who had survived a first acute myocardial infarction and were followed up for mortality after a baseline examination. Mortality estimates were controlled for clinical and demographic differences between the two cohorts by multivariate methods and by comparing subgroups. The analyses showed no difference in long-term prognosis between patients in the two decades. The observations in this population suggest that any contribution of improved medical care to the nationally observed secular decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in the time period studied was probably restricted to the acute stage of myocardial infarction. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1576-1581)
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor With Multiple Marrow Metastases at Presentation
Authors: A Shinto, N Nair, N S. Baghel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 16-year-old male patient presented with a history of swelling in the left inguinal region, associated with pain, hesitancy of urine and difficulty in walking of 2 months’ duration. The biopsy from the primary mass lesion was suggestive of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Sonography of the pelvis and regional MRI suggested a primary bone tumor with a large soft tissue component in the left pelvis, involving the left iliac, pubic and acetabular regions and invading the surrounding muscles. There were skip lesions reported in the right femur and acetabulum. The 3-phase bone scan revealed an avascular mass with multiple suspicious areas for metastases. An FDG PET scan confirmed widespread bone marrow involvement. FDG PET, though not established, can be a powerful tool in the initial staging of the disease, as it has picked up more lesions than the MRI and bone scan in this case. The potentially confusing red marrow uptake on an MRI and metaphyseal growth plate uptake on a bone scan in this age group is also eliminated on FDG PET as they do not take up FDG. FDG PET is not routinely used in the staging and diagnosis of PNET, due to the reported low sensitivity, especially in cases of peripheral and well-differentiated lesions. Reports of aggressive PNETs having low FDG uptake have been postulated on the basis of low expression of GLUT 1 and hexokinase levels.
Cell-Demanded Liberation of VEGF <sub>121</sub> From Fibrin Implants Induces Local and Controlled Blood Vessel Growth
Authors: Martin Ehrbar, Valentin G. Djonov, Christian Schnell, Stefan A. Tschanz, Georg Martiny-Baron, Ursula Schenk, Jeanette Wood, Peter H. Burri, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Andreas H. Zisch
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been described as a potent angiogenic stimulus, its application in therapy remains difficult: blood vessels formed by exposure to VEGF tend to be malformed and leaky. In nature, the principal form of VEGF possesses a binding site for ECM components that maintain it in the immobilized state until released by local cellular enzymatic activity. In this study, we present an engineered variant form of VEGF, alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121, that mimics this concept of matrix-binding and cell-mediated release by local cell-associated enzymatic activity, working in the surgically-relevant biological matrix fibrin. We show that matrix-conjugated alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121 is protected from clearance, contrary to native VEGF121 mixed into fibrin, which was completely released as a passive diffusive burst. Grafting studies on the embryonic chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and in adult mice were performed to assess and compare the quantity and quality of neovasculature induced in response to fibrin implants formulated with matrix-bound alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121 or native diffusible VEGF121. Our CAM measurements demonstrated that cell-demanded release of alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121 increases the formation of new arterial and venous branches, whereas exposure to passively released wild-type VEGF121 primarily induced chaotic changes within the capillary plexus. Specifically, our analyses at several levels, from endothelial cell morphology and endothelial interactions with periendothelial cells, to vessel branching and network organization, revealed that alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121 induces vessel formation more potently than native VEGF121 and that those vessels possess more normal morphologies at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level. Permeability studies in mice validated that vessels induced by alpha2PI1-8-VEGF121 do not leak. In conclusion, cell-demanded release of engineered VEGF121 from fibrin implants may present a therapeutically safe and practical modality to induce local angiogenesis.
Collaboration is needed to promote the good medicine of exercise
Authors: A. Murray, N. Stephens
Journal: BMJ (2015)

MacAuley and colleagues rightly state that it’s “extraordinary how long mainstream medicine is taking to accept the importance of physical activity.”1 If we are serious about providing the best care for every patient every time, something that is proved to increase happiness, prevent and treat more than 40 chronic diseases, and significantly increase life expectancy should be a key weapon.2

Collaboration …
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of CPAP in obese obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: S. Teramoto, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, Y. Hanaoka, M. Ishii, S. Hibi, T. Ishii, H. Kume, Y. Ouchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Coughlin et al. 1 demonstrated that, in Caucasians with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can improve baroreceptor responsiveness and reduce waking blood pressure within 6 weeks, but that this treatment period was insufficient to modify insulin resistance or change the metabolic profile. This is the first randomised placebo-controlled blinded crossover trial comparing cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after 6 weeks of therapeutic and sham CPAP in obese symptomatic Caucasians with OSA. We have found similar CPAP effects in obese Japanese OSA patients (table 1⇓). The authors suggested that there is a need to offer multiple modalities of treatment to obese OSA patients if their cardiovascular risk profile is to be successfully modified. We totally agree with their conclusion. However, it may be necessary to address the following unresolved issues.

View this table:

Table 1— 
Effect of 6-week continuous positive airway pressure …
Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Demonstration of Diffuse Pulmonary Interstitial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Patient With Myelofibrosis A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: GLENN G. COATES, BRIAN EISENBERG, DAVID H. DAIL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 60-year-old man with a myeloproliferative syndrome and extramedullary hematopoiesis had progressive respiratory and cardiac insufficiency during the previous 18 months, with advancing interstitial pulmonary disease on chest x-ray. During analysis of his respiratory disease, results of a transbronchial biopsy showed interstitial involvement with increased numbers of megakaryocytes and other panhematopoietic staining elements. Results of a bone marrow scan demonstrated diffuse replacement of pulmonary interstitium with bone marrow, as a component of known ongoing extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Ten-Year Stability of Depressive Personality Disorder in Depressed Outpatients
Authors: Rebecca S. Laptook, Daniel N. Klein, Lea R. Dougherty
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term stability of depressive personality disorder. Method: The subjects included 142 outpatients with axis I depressive disorders at study entry; 73 had depressive personality disorder. The patients were assessed by using semistructured diagnostic interviews at baseline and in four follow-up evaluations at 2.5-year intervals over 10.0 years. Follow-up data were available for 127 (89.4%) of the patients. Results: The 10.0-year stability of the diagnoses of depressive personality disorder was fair, and the rate of depressive personality disorder declined over time. The dimensional score was moderately stable over 10.0 years. Growth curve analyses revealed a sharp decline in the level of depressive personality disorder traits between the baseline and 2.5-year assessments, followed by a gradual linear decrease. Reductions in depressive personality disorder traits were associated with remission of the axis I depressive disorders. Finally, depressive personality disorder at baseline predicted the trajectory of depressive symptoms over time in patients with dysthymic disorder. Conclusions: Depressive personality disorder is moderately stable, particularly when assessed with a dimensional approach. However, the diagnosis rate and traits of depressive personality disorder tend to decline over time. The degree of stability for depressive personality disorder is comparable to that for the axis II disorders in the main text of DSM-IV. Finally, depressive personality disorder has prognostic implications for the course of axis I mood disorders, such as dysthymic disorder.
The recently deorphanized GPR80 (GPR99) proposed to be the P2Y15 receptor is not a genuine P2Y receptor
Authors: Maria P. Abbracchio, Geoffrey Burnstock, Jean-Marie Boeynaems, Eric A. Barnard, José L. Boyer, Charles Kennedy, Maria Teresa Miras-Portugal, Brian F. King, Christian Gachet, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Gary A. Weisman
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2004)
Postexposure immunoprophylaxis against B virus infection.
Authors: E A Boulter, H T Zwartouw, B Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1982)

goodbyes are said, the dying person may refuse to receive any more visitors or open letters."I tried to consider the process of dying from the point of view of the survivors and, using Keats as an example, to emphasise the importance for them of the phase during which the dying person comes to say farewell.This phase, which precedes the "detachment" of Kubler- Ross, may have an influence on the health and wellbeing of the bereaved.I suggested that the physician may have a role in helping the patient to realise the need to say goodbye.
Abstract 1819: Fecal RNA test using microRNA expressions of exfoliated colonocytes for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Yoshikatsu Koga, Masahiro Yasunaga, Amane Takahashi, Junichiro Kuroda, Yasuhiro Matsumura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: To reduce the mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC), the development of a screening test for its early diagnosis is needed. We have been developing new CRC screening methods by applying molecular biological tools to exfoliated colonocytes. As part of this development, we have reported in the last few years the fecal RNA test using CRC-related gene expression analysis for CRC screening. In this study, we conducted microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis in exfoliated colonocytes isolated from feces for CRC screening. Methods: We initially analyzed CRC-related oncogenic miRNAs (miR-17-92, miR-21, and miR-135) in CRC tissue and exfoliated colonocytes. We subsequently selected other oncogenic miRNAs for CRC detection using TaqMan MicroRNA Array v3.0 (corresponds to miRBase release 14). We finally analyzed all oncogenic miRNA expressions in colonocytes isolated from feces from 197 CRC patients and 119 healthy volunteers by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: miR-17-92, miR-21, and miR-135 showed a significantly higher expression in CRC tissue than in normal tissue. The overall sensitivity of miRNA expression analysis in the exfoliated colonocytes was 74.1% (146/197, 95% CI; 67.4-80.1) and the specificity was 79.0% (94/119, 95% CI; 70.6-85.9). Because the sensitivity and specificity using CRC-related oncogenic miRNA expressions were relatively low, we selected 12 miRNAs as candidates of CRC detection using TaqMan MicroRNA Array v3.0. Conclusions: We have indentified suitable miRNAs for CRC detection in exfoliated colonocytes. Additionally, we report the overall sensitivity and specificity of miRNA expression analysis in exfoliated colonocytes using these oncogenic miRNAs in this annual meeting. miRNA expression analysis of colonocytes isolated from feces may be useful for CRC screening. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1819