tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased Incidence of Transfusion Hepatitis After Exclusive Transfusion with Reconstituted Frozen Erythrocytes
Authors: J. BRUCE CARR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Serum hepatitis occurred in 19 of 43 hemodialysis patients who received whole blood or packed cells before institution of the exclusive use of reconstituted frozen erythrocytes for transfusion. These patients received an average of 12.5 units of blood during 9.5 months before developing hepatitis. In contrast, only one case of hepatitis developed in a group of 13 patients who received nothing but reconstituted frozen erythrocytes. They received an average of 11 units of frozen cells during 13 months. Patients who received no blood had no hepatitis. The exclusive use of reconstituted frozen erythrocytes leads to a marked decrease in the incidence of hepatitis in dialysis units.
Attempts at Clarification of Splenic Visualization on Reticuloendothelial Images: Tc-99m DISIDA Compared with Heat-Denatured Tc-99m RBC Imaging
Authors: EDDY K. DUNN, RAFAEL A. VAQUER, ARNOLD M. STRASHUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Four patients with enlarged left hepatic lobes and questionable or difficult splenic visualization on Tc-99m sulphur colloid (SC) images were further examined with additional radionuclide procedures. All four patients had Tc-99m DISIDA imaging, and three of them also had heat-denatured Tc-99m RBC imaging. The hepatobiliary images appear very effective in confirming postsplenectomy expanded enlargement of the left lobe of the liver and in refuting the presence of spleen in such cases. However, distinct visualization of the spleen in these patients can be achieved only through selective spleen imaging with heat-damaged red cells.
R1507, a Monoclonal Antibody to the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, in Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Results of a Phase II Sarcoma Alliance for Research Through Collaboration Study
Authors: Alberto S. Pappo, Shreyaskumar R. Patel, John Crowley, Denise K. Reinke, Klaus-Peter Kuenkele, Sant P. Chawla, Guy C. Toner, Robert G. Maki, Paul A. Meyers, Rashmi Chugh, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Scott M. Schuetze, Heribert Juergens, Michael G. Leahy, Birgit Geoerger, Robert S. Benjamin, Lee J. Helman, Laurence H. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). We conducted a multicenter phase II study of the fully human IGF-1R monoclonal antibody R1507 in patients with recurrent or refractory ESFT.Patients ≥ 2 years of age with refractory or recurrent ESFT received R1507 at doses of 9 mg/kg intravenously one a week or 27 mg/kg intravenously every three weeks. Response was measured by using WHO criteria. Tumor imaging was performed every 6 weeks for 24 weeks and then every 12 weeks.From December 2007 through April 2010, 115 eligible patients from 31 different institutions were enrolled. The median age was 25 years (range, 8 to 78 years). The location of the primary tumor was bone in 57% of patients and extraskeletal in 43% of patients. A total of 109 patients were treated with R1507 9 mg/kg/wk, and six patients were treated with 27 mg/kg/3 wk. The overall complete response/partial response rate was 10% (95% CI, 4.9% to 16.5%). The median duration of response was 29 weeks (range, 12 to 94 weeks), and the median overall survival was 7.6 months (95% CI, 6 to 9.7 months). Ten of 11 responses were observed in patients who presented with primary bone tumors (P = .016). The most common adverse events of grades 3 to 4 were pain (15%), anemia (8%), thrombocytopenia (7%), and asthenia (5%).R1507 was a well-tolerated agent that had meaningful and durable benefit in a subgroup of patients with ESFT. The identification of markers that are predictive of a benefit is necessary to fully capitalize on this approach.
Walking training for intermittent claudication in diabetes.
Authors: F L Ubels, T P Links, W J Sluiter, W D Reitsma, A J Smit
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Walking training (WT) is an established treatment for patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Abnormalities specific to diabetes, such as a relative preponderance of distal lesions and the contribution of microcirculatory disease, might well influence the results of WT. We compared changes in walking distance during WT in diabetic patients with those in nondiabetic control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In consecutive patients with limiting IC and proven peripheral vascular disease, 33 patients with diabetes were compared with 136 control subjects during a half-year supervised WT program. Walking parameters were determined every 2 months, while vascular parameters were obtained at the start and end of the program. RESULTS: Of the 33 diabetic patients, 25 (76%) completed the program, as did 87 of the 136 (64%) control subjects. Thereafter, the symptom-free walking distance and the maximum walking distance (MWD) were significantly increased in diabetic patients from 142 +/- 30 to 339 +/- 57 m and from 266 +/- 39 to 603 +/- 52 m, respectively, and in control subjects from 126 +/- 8 to 400 +/- 39 m and from 292 +/- 18 to 628 +/- 36 m, respectively. The relative gain in MWD was 88% greater in those with diabetes. The vascular parameters were comparable for both groups before and after WT. CONCLUSIONS: WT is an effective treatment for IC, with a greater relative gain in diabetic patients.
MENINGOCOCCEMIA WITH ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: ARTHUR M. MASTER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Meningococcemia is a disease caused by the meningococcus. The duration is from a few weeks to many months. The onset commonly occurs with an infection of the upper respiratory tract; the fever is moderately high and remittent at first; a maculopapular eruption is present over the body; transient joint pains without local signs may be the chief complaint; and although it is a septic embolic process, the patient's condition is good and the prognosis favorable. The meningitis is absent. The picture is so characteristic that it is believed that the diagnosis may be suspected when the patient is first seen. A positive blood culture for the meningococcus makes the diagnosis certain. For days there may be a regular afternoon rise in temperature to 105 F., or this may occur every second or third day. With the fever, real chills or chilliness and headache may be present. While the eruption is
Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: Arthur A. De Smet
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The CD-ROM Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology is the work of four radiologists and a managing editor from the radiology department of Dalhousie University in Canada. I ran the program without any difficulties under Windows 3.1 on a Pentium90 and under Windows 95 on a Pentium 133. The system requirements are given as a 486 or higher PC, Windows 3.1 or 95,2x or higher CD drive, 640 x 480 or better video adapter, and 32K or higher colors.  The intended audience is medical students, junior radiology residents, clinical trainees, and radiologic technologists. Although the title suggests a general review of diagnostic radiology, the CD-ROM is a series of cases emphasizing imaging on emergency department patients. Four sections cover the abdomen and pelvis, chest, musculoskeletal system, and neuroradiology. The last three contain tutorials and unknown cases, which take the student through an organized series of screens on basic topics such as brain
Dissociation of the stimulatory activities of staphylococcal enterotoxins for T cells and monocytes.
Authors: D Grossman, R G Cook, J T Sparrow, J A Mollick, R R Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are homologous proteins related in their capacity for stimulating both T cells and monocytes. To assess the importance of conserved structure and sequence to functional activity, the role of the disulfide loop and adjacent sequence in these toxins was evaluated. Contrary to previous reports, we demonstrate here that the disulfide loop was required for the mitogenic activity of SEA and SEB. While T cell-stimulatory activity was compromised, reduced and alkylated SEs retained major histocompatibility complex class II-binding and monocyte-stimulatory activities, suggesting that their inability to induce T cell proliferation was due to failure to interact with T cell receptor (TCR) rather than with class II molecules. Reduction and alkylation did not affect the far-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectrum of SEA, suggesting that the loss of mitogenic activity was not associated with significant changes in secondary structure. The disulfide linkage imparts considerable stability to these toxins as peptide cleavages within the loop of SEB were not associated with detectable loss of function, although cleavage in the conserved sequence outside the loop of SEA resulted in loss of mitogenic activity. This report thus establishes a functional role for a conserved element in SEs, the disulfide loop, and further indicates that their class II- and TCR-binding activities can be dissociated.
Abstract S3-5: Discordance in Hormone Receptor and HER2 Status in Breast Cancer during Tumor Progression
Authors: LS Lindstrom, E Karlsson, U Wilking, J. Bergh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In the metastatic situation therapy management is routinely based on primary tumor estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status. Alterations in these therapy predictive factors may lead to altered management. Methods: Breast cancer patients in the Stockholm health care region who relapsed from 1997 through 2007 were included and intra-individual primary tumor and relapse ER status, PR status and HER2 status accessed. Biochemical, immunohistochemical (IHC) or immunocytochemical (ICC) methods were used for determination of ER and PR (cut-off value of 0.05 fmol/µg DNA and 10%), respectively. For HER2, primary tumors were investigated using IHC with two or three monoclonal antibodies, confirmed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for IHC 2+ and 3+ and recurrences using ICC or FISH. The pathology laboratory at Karolinska University Hospital have continuously participated in quality assurance programs for hormonal receptor and HER2 analysis. Results: In 477, 447, and 108 patients, ER, PR and HER2 information was assessed from both primary tumor and relapse. Intra-individual primary tumor and relapse information for ER, PR and HER2 was available in 68 patients. ER and PR status changed in 26% and 35% from positive in primary tumor to negative in relapse tumor, and 7% and 6% changed from negative to positive, respectively. In 11 (10%) patients, tumors changed HER2 status, seven patients (7%) changed from HER2 positive to HER2 negative and 4 patients (4%) from HER2 negative to HER2 positive. Univariate analyses showed a significantly (log rank P&amp;lt;0.0005) differential survival in women related to intra-individual primary and relapse ER and PR status, respectively. In addition, a significant two-fold increased risk of dying in ER positive women changing to ER negative, compared to stable ER positive women, was noted using a multivariable proportional hazard model. Conclusions: More than every third patient changed ER and PR status and one patient in ten changed HER2 status during tumor progression. Intra-individual primary and relapse ER and PR status was significantly associated with differential survival in women. In addition, patients loosing ER had an almost two-fold increased risk of dying compared to concordant ER positive patients. Thus, altered management through tumor progression may improve survival and implies the need for hormonal receptor and HER2 investigations in metastatic lesions. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-5.
An Emotional and Educational Experience for Urban Migrants
Authors: ROBERT L. LEON, HARRY W. MARTIN, JOHN H. GLADFELTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

This program illustrates the application of behavioral science knowledge to a center for urban migrants. The work of the center is preventive. Education in urban living takes place within a modified therapeutic community so as to promote learning at both the affective and cognitive level in order to prevent possible disorganization and regression which might result from a gross stress reaction precipitated by the migration.
Positive Stool Guaiac Test after Meat Ingestion in Patients Who Have Undergone Gastrectomy
Authors: H. M. Spiro, H. L. Frucht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

TESTS for blood in the stool vary in sensitivity; it is generally agreed that the unmodified benzidine test gives a positive reaction if the patient has eaten meat, but the guaiac test is not considered sufficiently sensitive to react in this way. Recently, however, we saw a patient with a subtotal gastrectomy of some years' duration who had persistently + + + + positive guaiac tests while taking a regular diet. The test became negative when the patient stopped eating meat. Accordingly, this note reports a few simple studies demonstrating that after subtotal gastrectomy a rapid transit time or poor . . .
Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation regulates constitutive androstane receptor levels in murine and human liver
Authors: Rushang D. Patel, Brett D. Hollingshead, Curtis J. Omiecinski, Gary H. Perdew
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor that can be activated by exogenous as well as endogenous ligands. AhR is traditionally associated with xenobiotic metabolism. In an attempt to identify novel target genes, C57BL/6J mice were treated with β-naphthoflavone (BNF), a known AhR ligand, and genome-wide expression analysis studies were performed using high-density microarrays. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was found to be one of the differentially regulated genes. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verified the increase in CAR messenger RNA (mRNA) level. BNF treatment did not increase CAR mRNA in AhR-null mice. Time-course studies in mice revealed that the regulation of CAR mRNA mimicked that of Cyp1A1 , a known AhR target gene. To demonstrate that the increase in CAR mRNA translates to an increase in functional CAR protein, mice were sequentially treated with BNF (6 hours) followed by the selective CAR agonist, TCPOBOP (3 hours). qPCR revealed an increase in the mRNA level of Cyp2b10 , previously known to be regulated by CAR. This also suggests that CAR protein is present in limiting amounts with respect to its transactivation ability. Finally, CAR was also up-regulated in primary human hepatocytes in response to AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene. Conclusion: This study identifies a mode of up-regulating CAR and potentially expands the role of AhR in drug metabolism. This study also demonstrates in vivo up-regulation of CAR through chemical exposure. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:209–218.)
Emergency medicine in a cancer hospital
Authors: R. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2003)

One of my most vivid recollections of passing my final MB exams is reading my name on the list of successful candidates and then walking into the city with a confident feeling that if someone collapsed in front of me in the future I would be able to announce that I was a doctor and take charge of the situation. As the years have passed my enthusiasm for playing a role in that type of emergency medicine has waned, my …
Effect of oral salbutamol and slow-release aminophylline on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: A G Leitch, A Morgan, D A Ellis, G Bell, C Haslett, G J McHardy
Journal: Thorax (1981)

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients fulfilling the MRC criteria for chronic bronchitis, oral salbutamol 4 mg and slow-release aminophylline (Phyllocontin) 450 mg produced similar and significant (p less than 0.05) mean increases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A significantly greater increase in mean FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) was seen when both drugs were given although there was no statistical evidence of synergistic interaction. Salbutamol significantly increased the mean distance walked in 12 minutes (12MD) (p less than 0.02) by 56 metres and a similar increase of 54 metres (p less than 0.001) was seen after Phyllocontin. With both drugs in combination mean 12MD increased by 51 metres (p less than 0.02 cf placebo), a change not significantly different from that observed with either drug alone. Oral salbutamol and Phyllocontin improve exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. The significantly greater changes in FEV1 and FVC resulting from simultaneous administration of the two drugs are not associated with further improvement in exercise tolerance.
Childbearing in American Society: 1650-1850
Authors: Johanna F. Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ABSTRACT Childbearing in American Society: 1650-1850 is a delightful monograph that is easy to read, interesting, and engrossing. It is much more encompassing than the title suggests. It is a sociological review that covers obstetric care, the changing family structure, and concepts of child rearing. The author has done a stupendous job of collecting this information and presenting it. Occasionally, quotes from the early English are included to emphasize the point being made.This work is the product of a PhD dissertation and has all of the detail and thoroughness usually associated therewith. The premature, untimely death of the author is the most likely reason why the book's coverage of historical events terminates in 1850, instead of continuing through the present day. Even with this omission, one can project how our current society has developed.Part of the text is devoted to child-bearing. It concerns itself with the attendants present during
Breaking the Camel's Back: Multicenter Clinical Trials and Local Institutional Review Boards
Authors: William J. Burman, Randall R. Reves, David L. Cohn, Robert T. Schooley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Clinical research has undergone remarkable and beneficial expansion in the past 25 years, but with this growth has come an unprecedented increase in workload for the human subjects protection system. Recently, a major change in federal oversight of local institutional review boards (IRBs) became evident. Although it was not announced publicly, in 1998 and 1999 federal regulatory actions against local IRBs increased threefold. Particularly notable was the marked increase in regulatory actions taken against the IRBs of academic medical centers (1 in 1997 compared with 14 in 1999). Ironically, this apparent federal crackdown began at the same time that two federal review panels called for major changes in the regulations governing local IRBs. A key factor in the current crisis in the function of local IRBs is the ascendance of multicenter clinical trials as the dominant form of clinical research. Local IRBs were not designed to handle the initial evaluation and ongoing review required by the rapidly increasing number of multicenter clinical trials. Furthermore, local IRB review of the thousands of safety reports from multicenter clinical trials monopolizes resources without promoting patient safety. Instead of rigid enforcement of outmoded regulations that do not contribute to patient safety, the responsibilities of the local IRB in the oversight of multicenter clinical trials must be systematically evaluated.
Ultrastructural Renal Changes in Juvenile Diabetics
Authors: Edwin R. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Electron microscopic examination of percutaneous renal biopsy specimens from 12 normotensive patients ranging in age from 13 to 23 years with diabetes of juvenile onset revealed that glomerular alteration is not an invariable manifestation of early stages of diabetes and that changes in glomerular basement membrane most likely result from rather than precede those of the mesangium. Arteriolar hyalinosis was the most frequent alteration observed in these patients, occurring in 75% (9) of the specimens. This abnormally high prevalence of arteriolar hyalinosis is in accord with the recognized tendency of vascular disease to develop in patients with diabetes. The ultrastructural appearance of the renal arteriolar hyalinosis in our patients was indistinguishable from that in patients with essential and renal hyptertension and that in some normotensive older adults. These observations provide some information unifying the triad of hypertension, aging, and diabetes mellitus.
Circulating mitochondrial DNA and Toll-like receptor 9 are associated with vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cameron G. McCarthy, Camilla F. Wenceslau, Styliani Goulopoulou, Safia Ogbi, Babak Baban, Jennifer C. Sullivan, Takayuki Matsumoto, R. Clinton Webb
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Immune system activation is a common feature of hypertension pathogenesis.However, the mechanisms that initiate this activation are not well understood.Innate immune system recognition and response to danger are becoming apparent in many cardiovascular diseases.Danger signals can arise from not only pathogens, but also damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).Our first hypothesis was that the DAMP, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is recognized by Tolllike receptor 9 (TLR9), is elevated in the circulation of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and that the deoxyribonuclease enzymes responsible for its degradation have decreased activity in SHR.Based on these novel SHR phenotypes, we further hypothesized that (i) treatment of SHR with an inhibitory oligodinucleotide for TLR9 (ODN2088) would lower blood pressure and that (ii) treatment of normotensive rats with a TLR9-specific CpG oligonucleotide (ODN2395) would cause endothelial dysfunction and increase blood pressure. Methods and resultsWe observed that SHR have elevated circulating mtDNA and diminished deoxyribonuclease I and II activity.Additionally, treatment of SHR with ODN2088 lowered systolic blood pressure.On the other hand, treatment of normotensive rats with ODN2395 increased systolic blood pressure and rendered their arteries less sensitive to acetylcholine-induced relaxation and more sensitive to norepinephrine-induced contraction.This dysfunctional vasoreactivity was due to increased cyclooxygenase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. ConclusionCirculating mtDNA and impaired deoxyribonuclease activity may lead to the activation of the innate immune system, via TLR9, and contribute to elevated arterial pressure and vascular dysfunction in SHR.
Guidelines from the British Hypertension Society: Life in the real world may not allow recommendations to be implemented
Authors: Paul N Green
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cholesterol values seem to divergeEditor-The targets for cholesterol management seem to be ever decreasing, but I cannot get my head around the fact that in the new guidelines from the British Hypertension Society box 8 suggests we should consider treatment if the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease is > 20% and the total cholesterol level is > 3.5 mmol/l but the target to be attained, which is printed beside box 8, is higher, 4 mmol/l. 1 Can someone explain this anomaly to a simple general practitioner who will have to explain it to patients?
A fifth of Dutch support assisted suicide for people "tired of living"
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A substantial minority of the Dutch public thinks that doctors should be able to help older people to die even if they are not seriously ill but simply tired of living.

A cross sectional survey of almost 2000 members of the general public in the Netherlands found that 21% agreed and 52% disagreed with the statement, “In my opinion euthanasia should be allowed for people who are tired of living without …