tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID DEFICIENCY UPON IMMUNE RESPONSES TO TUMORS IN MICE
Authors: David G. Jose, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Mice were fed diets deficient in a single essential amino acid, and the primary immune responses to inoculation of allogenic tumor cells was measured by in vitro assay of cellular immunity. Moderate reduction of the amino acids phenylalanine-tyrosine, valine, threonine, methionine-cystine, isoleucine, and tryptophane in the diet produced profound depression of hemagglutinating and blocking antibody responses, although cytotoxic cell-mediated immunity remained intact. These diets had previously been shown to result in a selective depression of tumor growth in mice. Limitation of the amino acids arginine, histidine, and lysine in the diets gave rise to only slight depression of the immune responses. These diets had previously been shown to produce a proportional decrease in both tumor growth and host body weight. Moderate leucine restriction resulted in a paradoxical depression of cytotoxic cell-mediated immunity with little effect on serum blocking activity. Slight increases had previously been noted in the weight of tumors in mice fed leucine-restricted diets. Deficiency or imbalance of essential amino acids in the diet may produce profound depression of immune responses and apparent, marked changes in the immune resistance of the host animal to tumors.
Medical Students and Primary Care
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Despite the prominence the oath of Hippocrates has achieved in medicine, Hippocrates did not have a monopoly on health care in ancient Greece. The school of medicine in the town of Cnidus, though seldom mentioned today, was once a healthy rival of the Hippocratic campus. While on the island of Cos, Hippocrates was teaching his students to care for the entire patient; on a nearby peninsula, the Cnidian physicians were focused on specific diseases and on the organs that they thought were involved. The Cnidians were reductionist; they might be called Western civilization's first specialists. But they lived in a time when scientific knowledge was limited, and the school at Cos fared much better than the one at Cnidus. It was the Hippocratic school that stood the test of time, and so it is the Hippocratic oath that our graduating medical students recite.<sup>1</sup> See also p 914. Given that
DIPHTHERIA IMMUNIZATION IN A SCHOOL
Authors: W. G. Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Vaccination against small-pox has the supreme merit that in almost 100 per cent. of cases it develops complete pro- tection against small-pox in a period shorter than the incubation period of the disease.Schick immunization, unfortunately, requires for its development a period greatly in excess of the incubation period of diphtheria.Hence Schick immunization is of itself an imperfect means of eliminating an outbreak of diphtheria without further mortality or morbidity.Greatest stress is therefore cor- rectly laid on the importance of Schick immunization as a prophylactic procedure prior to the appearance of diphtheria in a community.But the value of Schick immunization as a factor in the rapid stamping out of an actual outbreak of diphtheria should not be overlooked.This communication about an outbreak of diphtheria with which I became concerned in February, 1933, may serve to emphasize the advisability of applying the Schick procedures without delay, in conjunction with other appro- priate measures as outlined below, whenever diphtheria appears in a community not previously Schick-immunized.Incidentally, it lays stress on the peculiar virtue of Schick- prophylactic T.A.F. as an efficient immunizing agent characterized by great freedom from undesirable general or local secondary reactions.
Misregulated alternative splicing of BIN1 is associated with T tubule alterations and muscle weakness in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Charlotte Fugier, Arnaud F Klein, Caroline Hammer, Stéphane Vassilopoulos, Ylva Ivarsson, Anne Toussaint, Valérie Tosch, Alban Vignaud, Arnaud Ferry, Nadia Messaddeq, Yosuke Kokunai, Rie Tsuburaya, Pierre de la Grange, Doulaye Dembele, Virginie Francois, Guillaume Precigout, Charlotte Boulade-Ladame, Marie-Christine Hummel, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Nicolas Sergeant, Annie Laquerrière, Christelle Thibault, François Deryckere, Didier Auboeuf, Luis Garcia, Pascale Zimmermann, Bjarne Udd, Benedikt Schoser, Masanori P Takahashi, Ichizo Nishino, Guillaume Bassez, Jocelyn Laporte, Denis Furling, Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Tranylcypromine-Trifluoperazine Combination in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: DAVID L. HEDBERG, JOHN H. HOUCK, BERNARD C. GLUECK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Ninety-six schizophrenic patients participated in a double-blind, crossover study of the efficacy of trifluoperazine and tranylcypromine therapy alone and in combination. Pseudoneurotic patients had a statistically significant response to tranylcypromine; paranoid (chronic undifferentiated) patients responded best to the combination therapy. The authors urge the use of computer-derived profiles of patients' symptom clusters rather than their diagnoses to ensure selection of the optimum drug therapy.
TCTAP A-143 Clinical Outcome of Aorto-Ostial Coverage in Patients Following Implantation of Drug Eluting Stents in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery: 2-Year Results from the ASAN-MAIN Registry
Authors: Seung-Jung Park, Min Su Kim, Se Hun Kang, Hee-soon Park, Byeong Joo Bae, Sang Soo Cheon, Jae Hyung Roh, Pil Hyung Lee, Mineok Chang, Hyun Woo Park, Sung Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The consequences of a fraudulent scientist on his innocent coinvestigators
Authors: Tim Wysocki, R. Wayne Fuqua
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To  Editor. —  In their recent citation analysis of articles authored or coauthored by Dr Stephen E. Breuning, Garfield and Welljams-Dorof 1 have misled readers by implying that all of these studies are fraudulent. This misrepresentation is evident in several sections of their article.  Their quotations from  National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Investigative Panel Report 2 that none of  described studies of psychopharmacologic treatment had been carried out, only a few of  experimental subjects... were ever studied, and the complex designs and rigorous methods reported were not employed erroneously intimate that these statements apply to all of  20 studies under consideration in their article. In fact, these quotes were drawn from a secondary source 3 that extracted these statements from sections of  NIMH report dealing with three psychopharmacologic treatment studies and with  panel's specific conclusions about Breuning's individual culpability. Other studies that
Cephalothin Reaction After Penicillin Sensitization
Authors: Philip D. Rothschild
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cephalothin is an antibiotic with an antibacterial spectrum similar to that of the penicillins. Although the chemical structures of cephalothin and penicillin are quite similar, significant differences are present.<sup>1</sup>Hopefully, these differences would prevent cross-allergenicity between the penicillins and cephalothin. Intradermal testing and clinical evaluation have supported this belief.<sup>1-4</sup>However, Kabins, Eisenstein, and Cohen have recently reported an instance of respiratory arrest following cephalothin administration in a penicillin-sensitive patient.<sup>5</sup>The following is a report of an additional case. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 56-year-old man was admitted to the Los Angeles County General Hospital for treatment of a sweat-gland carcinoma in the left axilla. Six months earlier he had been treated for pneumonitis, at which time he received 62.4 million units of penicillin G. No allergic reaction to penicillin was observed. The patient received 5,000 rads of ionizing radiation to the tumor. Because of
Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology
Authors: Stanley L. Schrier
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology</i>is the third major hematology text to appear in 1995 and raises such interesting questions as, How does one review a text of more than 11½ lb and 2300 pages? Is the world ready for another hematology text? And, what is the role of a textbook in the age of CD-ROM and computer-based literature searches? I answered the first question by deciding that the book was an immovable item and concentrated on 21 selected chapters (about one third) of particular interest to an intellectually curious practicing hematologist. Thus, chapter 2 on laboratory methods used in analyzing blood is very complete, and I know where to find answers to questions about automated blood cell counters or FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analysis. Similarly, section 4 on molecular genetics minimizes jargon and provides helpful diagrams to explain (to me) complicated concepts. Chapter 10 on acquired aplastic anemia
Erratum to ‘Evaluation of three-dimensional scaffolds made of blends of hydroxyapatite and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) for bone reconstruction’ [Biomaterials 26 (2005) 899–904]
Authors: Ya-Wu Wang, Qiong Wu, Jinchun Chen, Guo-Qiang Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Effect of radiocontrast media on kidneys of patients with renal disease.
Authors: A Rahimi, R P Edmondson, N F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A prospective study was undertaken of 15 patients with impaired renal function undergoing x-ray procedures entailing the use of contrast material to see whether any deterioration in renal function resulted. Patients with diabetes or myelomatosis were excluded. Detailed observations were made during three days before and after the x-ray procedure to detect any change in factors such as fluid state, drug treatment, infection, or diet which might have affected renal function. No significant changes occurred in endogenous creatinine and 51Cr-EDTA clearances, or in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations after the x-ray procedures. Furthermore, there was no change in urinary activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, which is a highly sensitive indicator of renal parenchymal damage. Provided that fluid depletion and multiple x-ray procedures with radiocontrast material in rapid sequence are avoided, these procedures do not appear to affect renal function adversely, even when renal disease is advanced.
Review: Statin use increases risk for diabetes
Authors: John-Michael Gamble, Sumit R. Majumdar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club15 June 2010Review: Statin use increases risk for diabetesJohn-Michael Gamble, BScPharm, MSc, Sumit R. Majumdar, MD, MPHJohn-Michael Gamble, BScPharm, MScUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (J.G., S.R.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Sumit R. Majumdar, MD, MPHUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (J.G., S.R.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010;375:735-42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20167359Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90, 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267-78. [PMID: 16214597] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John-Michael Gamble, BScPharm, MSc; Sumit R. Majumdar, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (J.G., S.R.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 June 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 12Page: JC6-7KeywordsDeath ratesDiabetes preventionEndocrinologyHypertensionMyocardial infarctionNumber needed to harmOdds ratioRisk managementStatinsType 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 June 2010 Issue Published: 15 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Secretin GPCRs Descended from the Family of Adhesion GPCRs
Authors: K. J. V. Nordstrom, M. C. Lagerstrom, L. M. J. Waller, R. Fredriksson, H. B. Schioth
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most complex gene family among GPCRs with large genomic size, multiple introns, and a fascinating flora of functional domains, though the evolutionary origin of this family has been obscure. Here we studied the evolution of all class B (7tm2)–related genes, including the Adhesion, Secretin, and Methuselah families of GPCRs with a focus on nine genomes. We found that the cnidarian genome of Nematostella vectensis has a remarkably rich set of Adhesion GPCRs with a broad repertoire of N-terminal domains although this genome did not have any Secretin GPCRs. Moreover, the single-celled and colony-forming eukaryotes Monosiga brevicollis and Dictyostelium discoideum contain Adhesion-like GPCRs although these genomes do not have any Secretin GPCRs suggesting that the Adhesion types of GPCRs are the most ancient among class B GPCRs. Phylogenetic analysis found Adhesion group V (that contains GPR133 and GPR144) to be the closest relative to the Secretin family in the Adhesion family. Moreover, Adhesion group V sequences in N. vectensis share the same splice site setup as the Secretin GPCRs. Additionally, one of the most conserved motifs in the entire Secretin family is only found in group V of the Adhesion family. We suggest therefore that the Secretin family of GPCRs could have descended from group V Adhesion GPCRs. We found a set of unique Adhesion-like GPCRs in N. vectensis that have long N-termini containing one Somatomedin B domain each, which is a domain configuration similar to that of a set of Adhesion-like GPCRs found in Branchiostoma floridae. These sequences show slight similarities to Methuselah sequences found in insects. The extended class B GPCRs have a very complex evolutionary history with several species-specific expansions, and we identified at least 31 unique N-terminal domains originating from other protein classes. The overall N-terminal domain structure, however, concurs with the phylogenetic analysis of the transmembrane domains, thus enabling us to track the origin of most of the subgroups.
Protein Nitration, Metabolites of Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Inflammation in Lung Allografts
Authors: JOÃO A. De ANDRADE, JOHN P. CROW, LILIANA VIERA, C. BRUCE ALEXANDER, K. RANDALL YOUNG, DAVID C. McGIFFIN, GEORGE L. ZORN, SHA ZHU, SADIS MATALON, ROBERT M. JACKSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

This study investigated nitration and chlorination of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) proteins in patients (n = 29) who had undergone lung allotransplantation. We assayed lung lavage nitrotyrosine (NT) and chlorotyrosine (CT) by HPLC. We measured NT, nitrate (NO3 −), and nitrate (NO2 −) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total nitrite (NO2 − + NO3 −) in serum of another group of lung transplant patients (n = 82). In the first group (n = 29), percent nitration of tyrosines (Tyr) (NT/total Tyr × 100) in BALF proteins was: patients, 0.01 (0.00–0.12)%; median (25th–75th% confidence interval), and control subjects 0.01 (0.00–0.02)%. CT (CT/ total Tyr × 100) occurred only in the patients' BALF: 0.01 (0.00– 0.02)%. In the second group (n = 82), nitrotyrosine (NT) was detected by ELISA in the BALF of patients: 9 (0–41) pmol/mg pro and control subjects: 28 (26–33). Total nitrite (NO2 − + NO3 −) in BALF of the patients: 3.3 (1.9–5.1) μ M significantly exceeded that in control subjects: 1.3 (0.8–1.3) μ M; p = 0.0133. Serum nitrite also was significantly higher in patients: 37 (26–55) μ M than control subjects: 19 (17-20) μ M; p = 0.0037. Airway inflammation in transbronchial biopsies (B score) correlated with NT in BALF (p = 0.0369). Lung transplants have increased airway concentrations of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) metabolites. NT, a marker of peroxynitrite (ONOO−), is related to the degree of airway inflammation in lung transplants.
JAMA's Covers: If Van Cleven Rates 13, Is It All Rembrandts for 50 Years?
Authors: Jonathan M. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing to question the process by which works of art are selected to appear on the cover of<i>JAMA</i>. My inquiry arises from my surprise at Phil Gunby's<sup>1</sup>revelation that the work of Alfons O. Van Cleven had appeared on the cover of<i>JAMA</i>nearly once a year since 1974! I could easily understand an occasional repeat appearance by an artist of worldwide repute, but 13 covers with work by one of your fellow Chicagoans suggests an inappropriate and selfserving bias by your editors. It hardly seems necessary to point out that there are many other gifted artists living and dead who also merit a share of our attention. I urge you to adopt a less biased method of selecting art works for<i>JAMA</i>'s covers. It is a laudable idea for you to do it at all, but you detract from the
Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Severe Emphysema on Right Ventricular Function
Authors: TOMMASO C. MINEO, EUGENIO POMPEO, PAOLA ROGLIANI, MARIO DAURI, FRANCO TURANI, PATRIZIO BOLLERO, NATALIA MAGLIOCCHETTI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) can improve the functional capacity of selected patients with severe emphysema. Hypothesized physiologic effects of LVRS include an improvement in right ventricular function, although this has not been investigated in detail. To help clarify this issue, we used fast-thermistor thermodilution at rest and during submaximal upright exercise in 12 patients, before and 6 mo after bilateral LVRS. Preoperatively, all patients had severe airflow obstruction, with a mean FEV(1) of 0.69 L and an RV-to-TLC ratio of 0.67. Six months after LVRS, significant improvements occurred in respiratory function measures (+0.39 L in FEV(1), p < 0.002; and +/- 0.15 in RV/TLC ratio, p < 0.002) and in right ventricular function indexes measured at rest (+0.21 L in cardiac index [CI], p < 0.01; and +3.0 ml in stroke volume, p < 0.01) and during exercise (+0.9 L in CI, p < 0.002; +10.0 ml in stroke volume index, p < 0.002; and +20% in ejection fraction [EF], p < 0.002). A significant correlation was found between pre- to postoperative changes in the EF response to exercise and changes in the RV/TLC ratio (R = -0.68; p = 0.01). We conclude that a significant improvement in right ventricular performance, particularly during exercise, can occur 6 mo after bilateral LVRS.
Physician practice in the management of patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction: changes in the past decade.
Authors: N K Wenger, H K Hellerstein, H Blackburn, S J Castranova
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine changes in the patterns of care between 1970 and 1980 for patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, questionnaires were sent to almost 6000 physicians in 1979 and responses were compared with those of a similar survey taken in 1970. Almost all physicians in 1979 reported the availability and use of an intensive care/coronary care unit facility with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Progressive-care facilities are also becoming more widely available. The median length of hospitalization has decreased markedly. Early ambulation and an earlier return to work are more common. There is a high level of informal patient and patient-family counseling about myocardial infarction and its management, both during and after hospitalization, and wider use of educational materials. Most physicians continue to recommend progressive physical activity after hospitalization. The routine prescription of anticoagulant therapy during hospitalization has declined, while prescription of prophylactic antiarrhythmic agents has increased. Nitrate drugs and tranquilizers are routinely prescribed by a large percentage of physicians for their patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Use of standard exercise tests has increased among all physician specialties. The treadmill test is most often used, and testing is typically done 6 weeks after infarction. A significant increase in the availability of and familiarity with exercise testing is characteristic of all medical specialties. Symptoms of new chest pain and palpitations are now considered important enough to warrant the recommendation to report immediately to an emergency room. Other current findings include the routine use of coronary angiography by a large percentage of physicians to evaluate the need for surgical intervention, and the routine posthospitalization prescription by only a small percentage of physicians of aspirin and of nitrate drugs for patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
Preventing Foodborne Disease — What Clinicians Can Do
Authors: David W.K. Acheson, Anthony E. Fiore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The food in the United States is among the safest in the world, but recent outbreaks of hepatitis A remind us that foodborne illness remains an important public health concern. Between September and November 2003, outbreaks of hepatitis A were identified in Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Pennsylvania. In total, these outbreaks included nearly 1000 cases. The Pennsylvania outbreak among patrons of a single restaurant was the largest outbreak of foodborne hepatitis A ever reported in the United States, with more than 600 infected persons identified to date, including 3 who died. Epidemiologic field investigations of restaurant-associated outbreaks in the . . .