tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Pediatric Diabetes Case Definition Using Administrative Health Data in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Allison B. Dart, Patricia J. Martens, Elizabeth A. Sellers, Marni D. Brownell, Claudio Rigatto, Heather J. Dean
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To validate a case definition for diabetes in the pediatric age-group using administrative health data.Population-based administrative data from Manitoba, Canada for the years 2004-2006 were anonymously linked to a clinical registry to evaluate the validity of algorithms based on a combination of hospital claim, outpatient physician visit, and drug use data over 1-3 years in youth 1-18 years of age. Agreement between data sources, sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated for each algorithm. In addition, ascertainment rate of each data source, prevalence, and differences between subtypes of diabetes were evaluated.Agreement between data sources was very good. The diabetes definition including one or more hospitalizations or two or more outpatient claims over 2 years provided a sensitivity of 94.2%, specificity of 99.9%, PPV of 81.6% and NPV of 99.9%. The addition of one or more prescription claims to the same definition over 1 year provided similar results. Case ascertainment rates of both sources were very good to excellent and the ascertainment-corrected prevalence for youth-onset diabetes for the year 2006 was 2.4 per 1,000. It was not possible to distinguish between subtypes of diabetes within the administrative database; however, this limitation could be overcome with an anonymous linkage to the clinical registry.Administrative data are a valid source for the determination of pediatric diabetes prevalence that can provide important information for health care planning and evaluation.
THE RELATION OF NITROGEN RETENTION TO NITROGEN INTAKE IN ADULTS WITH POST-TRAUMATIC MALNUTRITION
Authors: Bruce T. Forsyth, Margaret E. Shipman, Irvin C. Plough, Betty Hackley, Albert Fryar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Over a wide range of nitrogen intake, proteindepleted (1, 2) or growing rats (3, 4) retain increasing amounts of nitrogen as the dietary nitrogen is raised provided adequate calories are fed. Malnourished (5) or normal children (6) also increase nitrogen retention as nitrogen intake is raised, although some exceptions have been noted (6, 7). In malnourished adults it is apparent that some similar relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention is also present. For several reasons, however, the relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention in malnourished adults has not been well defined. In most adult studies, for example, caloric intake has frequently been substantially altered along with variations in nitrogen intake (8-13). In view of the known effect of non-protein calories on nitrogen metabolism (14) such studies become quite difficult to interpret. Equally difficult to interpret are studies (7, 11, 15) in which fecal nitrogen analysis has been omitted. And finally it should be noted that in many instances study periods have been too short with no account taken of the variable time required for re-equilibration of nitrogen metabolism after a change in dietary nitrogen (9, 10, 16-21). In the present study, nitrogen retention was measured at various levels of nitrogen intake in a series of patients suffering from malnutrition after severe injury. In most of the patients at least two levels of nitrogen intake were employed, while caloric intake was kept constant. Balance periods were sufficiently long to allow for reequilibration of nitrogen metabolism after changes
Burning issues in the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: K.H. Kraemer, D. Tamura, S.G. Khan, J.J. DiGiovanna
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Burning issues in the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum Get access K.H. Kraemer, K.H. Kraemer Dermatology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Tamura, D. Tamura Dermatology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.G. Khan, S.G. Khan Dermatology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. DiGiovanna J.J. DiGiovanna Dermatology Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 6, 1 December 2013, Page 1176, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12707 Published: 01 December 2013
Inflammatory bronchial polyps associated with asthma: resolution with inhaled corticosteroid
Authors: A Niimi, R Amitani, T Ikeda, Y Kubo, E Tanaka, F Kuze
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In a 50 year old man who complained of cough and sputum, a small endobronchial tumour was found in the left main bronchus and was biopsied via bronchoscopy. The histological diagnosis was inflammatory polyp with marked infiltration of eosinophils. Six years later, the patient developed asthma. At the same time, another polyp was found in the posterior basal bronchus of the right lower lobe. The appearance of the first polyp was unchanged endoscopically and histologically. Inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate, 200 micrograms b.i.d., was started and symptoms of asthma soon subsided. In addition, the two polyps regressed and eventually disappeared after one year of treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids, being noninvasive and relatively safe, appear to be a possible therapeutic option in inflammatory bronchial polyps, especially in cases where the patient has asthma as an underlying condition, or the polyps are small and their management is not urgent.
Regression in basal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: M.J. HUNT, G.M. HALLIDAY, D. WEEDON, B.E. COOKE, R. StC. BARNETSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Spontaneous regression of some cutaneous tumours is well recognized, and is thought to result from an immunological response to the tumour, Regression has previously been noted in basal cell carcinomas, but no studies defining the role of the immune response in the regression of this malignancy have been performed. We have examined 45 primary basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) (20 nodular, 25 superficial) and identified the cellular phenotypes and activation states of the cells infiltrating primary regressing and non‐regressing BCCs, by immunocytochemistry. We have found a significantly increased number of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells infiltrating regressing compared with non‐regressing tumours, and the expression of interleukin‐2 receptor (an early activation marker for T cells) was also increased. There were no significant differences in class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), CD1, or macrophage antigen expression in these groups. These findings suggest that activated CD4+ cytokine‐secreting cells are important in the regression of BCCs.
Variable activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase influences the response of liver grafts to ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Matteo Cescon, Rita Carini, Gianluca Grazi, Paolo Caraceni, Elisa Alchera, Giorgio Gasloli, Matteo Ravaioli, Francesco Tuci, Chiara Imarisio, Caterina Dal Ponte, Anna Maria Pertosa, Mauro Bernardi, Antonio D. Pinna, Emanuele Albano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
cAMP stimulates the secretory and proliferative capacity of the rat intrahepatic biliary epithelium through changes in the PKA/Src/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Heather Francis, Shannon Glaser, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Gene LeSage, Luca Marucci, Antonio Benedetti, Silvia Taffetani, Marco Marzioni, Domenico Alvaro, Julie Venter, Ramona Reichenbach, Giammarco Fava, Jo Lynne Phinizy, Gianfranco Alpini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Selective IgA Deficiency and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Jean-Marie Lang, Francis Oberling, Marie-Louise North, Simone Mayer, Robert Waitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 August 1973Selective IgA Deficiency and Idiopathic ThrombocytopeniaJEAN-MARIE LANG, M.D., FRANCIS OBERLING, M.D., MARIE-LOUISE NORTH, SIMONE MAYER, M.D., ROBERT WAITZ, M.D.JEAN-MARIE LANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCIS OBERLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARIE-LOUISE NORTHSearch for more papers by this author, SIMONE MAYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT WAITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-274 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Selective IgA deficiency has been described in apparently healthy people and in association with significant disorders (1). Only one case associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenia has been described so far (2). We report here one case of this rather unusual association.A 47-year-old woman was referred to us in June 1970 because of spontaneous bleeding due to major thrombocytopenia. Increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow; shortened survival of 51Cr-labeled, HL-A identical platelets from her brother and moderate sequestration in the spleen; and absence of any detectable cause were evidence for the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Steroid...References1. AMMANNHONG AR: Selective IgA deficiency: presentation of 30 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 50:223-236, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CLAMANHARTLEYMERRILL HTD: Hypogammaglobulinemia, primary and secondary: immunoglobulin levels (γG, γA, γM) in one hundred and twenty-five patients. J Allergy 38:215-225, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KARPATKINGARGSISKIND SSG: Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and the compensated thrombocytolytic state. Am J Med 51:1-4, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GUTENBERGERTRYGSTADSTIEHM JCE: Familial thrombocytopenia, elevated serum IgA levels and renal disease. A report of kindred. Am J Med 49:729-741, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 274-275KeywordsBone marrowHemorrhageMegakaryocytesPlateletsSpleen Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Relationship of Psychological Well-Being to Distress and Personality
Authors: Chiara Ruini, Fedra Ottolini, Chiara Rafanelli, Eliana Tossani, Carol D. Ryff, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The concept of psychological well-being has been neglected for a long time in scientific literature. Over the last decades, however, many psychometric instruments have been developed to measure it. The aim of the present study was to analyze the concept of psychological well-being and its relationship to distress and personality traits. It is clinically and empirically important to establish where the measures of well-being are located in relation to symptomatology indices and personality traits. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A sample of 450 subjects in the general population completed three self-rating scales for the assessment of symptomatology (Kellner’s Symptom Questionnaire), psychological well-being (Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales, PWB), and personality traits (Cloninger’s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire). The assessment was repeated after 1 month. Pearson’s coefficient was used to analyze PWB test-retest reliability and correlations between well-being, distress and personality indicators. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for both assessments. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Test-retest Pearson’s coefficients were satisfactory for all six PWB scales. Exploratory factor analyses showed a 4- or 5-factor structure, where well-being, distress and personality remained separated. PWB scales were negatively and significantly correlated with all symptom scales, but only with one personality dimension, TPQ Harm Avoidance. Mean-level differences by gender showed that in general women significantly presented with lower levels of well-being (except in Positive Relations) and higher levels of distress and personality disturbances. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The results suggest that the relationship of well-being to distress and personality is complex. Psychological well-being could not be equated with the absence of symptomatology or with personality traits. PWB scales measure an attitude toward optimal functioning that is crucial for a comprehensive consideration of individuals in clinical settings.
Effect on intra-arterial blood pressure of slow release metoprolol combined with placebo or chlorthalidone.
Authors: H A Kieso, B A Gould, S Mann, R S Hornung, D G Altman, E B Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Thirty patients with essential hypertension participated in a double blind crossover trial in which they were randomly allocated to treatment with either once daily slow release metoprolol (200 mg) with placebo or once daily slow release metoprolol (200 mg) with chlorthalidone (25 mg). Ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure was recorded continuously for 24-48 hours before treatment and two months after each change in regimen. The response of blood pressure and pulse rate to a standard exercise protocol that included supine rest and tilt, isometric, and dynamic bicycle exercise was measured during the same recording periods. Both treatments appreciably reduced blood pressure and pulse rate; mean daytime intra-arterial blood pressure was reduced from 174/95 mm Hg to 158/85 mm Hg by metoprolol plus placebo and to 143/78 mm Hg by metoprolol plus chlorthalidone. This reduction with the combined treatment was significantly greater than with metoprolol and placebo (p systolic = 0.001, p diastolic = 0.004). Mean night time pressures were reduced from 148/78 mm Hg to 139/75 mm Hg by metoprolol plus placebo and to 116/61 mm Hg by metoprolol plus chlorthalidone. Again the reduction in blood pressure was significantly greater with combined treatment (p less than 0.001) than with metoprolol plus placebo. Once daily slow release metoprolol is effective in controlling blood pressure, but this effect is greatly enhanced by the addition of a diuretic.
Drug Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children
Authors: Joseph T. Coyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Anxiety disorders represent the most common group of serious psychiatric conditions affecting children and adolescents. In a community-based study, approximately 3 percent of 9-to-17-year-olds had a diagnosable anxiety disorder that caused serious impairment.1 Yet, there is little information from rigorously controlled studies on the efficacy of the pharmacologic treatment of these disorders. Thus, the report by the Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group2 in this issue of the Journal provides a much-needed examination of the topic.The study group evaluated the efficacy of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, in boys and girls who were 6 to 17 years . . .
Plasma triglyceride metabolism in thyroid disease
Authors: Esko A. Nikkilä, Matti Kekki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Plasma endogenous triglyceride transport kinetics were determined in 16 hyperthyroid and in 12 hypothyroid patients and the results compared with those of euthyroid control subjects. In addition, the removal of exogenous particulate fat (Intralipid; Vitrum, Sweden) from the circulation and the postheparin plasma lipolytic activity (PHLA) were studied in these patients for further characterization of the alterations of plasma triglyceride metabolism in thyroid disease. In thyrotoxicosis the average plasma triglyceride level was slightly but significantly increased above that of control subjects. This change was associated with augmented production of triglycerides whereas the mean fractional removal rate was not different from normal. There was a significant linear correlation between the concentration and turnover rate of plasma triglycerides in both hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects but the concentration/turnover rate ratio was less in the former group suggesting that the efficiency of removal of triglycerides from the circulation was improved in thyroid hyperfunction. The elimination of intravenously administered particulate fat occurred more rapidly in untreated hyperthyroid patients than in euthyroid control subjects. The mean PHLA was also above normal in thyrotoxicosis. Upon adequate treatment of the hyperthyroid state the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration was further increased. Hypothyroid patients showed another pattern of alteration of triglyceride kinetics. The synthesis of plasma triglycerides was normal but the fractional removal of both endogenous and exogenous triglycerides was markedly reduced and this change seems to account for the hypertriglyceridemia associated with thyroid hypofunction. The plasma PHLA was also clearly decreased in the hypothyroid state. Plasma FFA and glycerol levels were increased in hyperthyroidism and plasma FFA was slightly decreased in hypothyroid patients, but these variables were not significantly correlated with any parameter of triglyceride metabolism. Endogenous triglyceride turnover rate was significantly correlated with serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) and T3 uptake in thyrotoxicosis but not in hypothyroidism. Removal of exogenous fat was not related to postheparin plasma lipolytic activity but the fractional endogenous triglyceride transport showed a highly significant relationship to this lipase activity in a mixed group of hyper- and hypothyroid patients. The results suggest that thyroid hormones control both production and removal of plasma triglycerides. Different mechanisms for these interactions are considered.
Response to diphtheria booster vaccination in healthy adults: vaccine trial
Authors: A. Vellinga
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The diphtheria epidemic in eastern Europe and the worldwide increase in diphtheria morbidity have sparked discussion on whether people in western Europe are adequately protected. 1 2In western Europe, the effectiveness of long term protection afforded by immunisation programmes is under debate.In Belgium, the national immunisation programme against diphtheria was introduced in 1959.Vaccination was recommended for all infants, and a catch up programme for children up to the age of 15 years was also instituted.The programme comprises four doses of toxoid, given at age 3, 4, 5, and 15 months.The vaccine is a combination of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxins, and 95% of children are covered. 3 We evaluated the effectiveness of the current recommended adult booster immunisation of a single, low dose diphtheria vaccine.
Response to Comment on Moore et al. Increased Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Diabetes Is Associated With Metformin. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2981–2987
Authors: Eileen M. Moore, Alastair G. Mander, David Ames, Mark A. Kotowicz, Ross P. Carne, Henry Brodaty, Michael Woodward, Kathryn A. Ellis, Ashley I. Bush, Noel G. Faux, David A. Watters
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We thank Goodarzi (1) for his interest in our work (2) and recognize that we agree with most of the criticisms leveled at our study. Indeed, most of the points raised were acknowledged in our original work. There is a need to test the issues raised more robustly—a point on which we agree.

Goodarzi highlights that B12 levels may be unrelated to the association of metformin with cognitive function. We do …
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: The Accuracy of Fecal Occult Blood
Authors: David H. Greegor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Ahlquist et al<sup>1</sup>studied 1217 postresection colons and concluded that fecal occult blood testing "in a screening setting is a poor marker." Colon carcinomas are characterized by long doubling times and small growth fractions. The malignancies in the study by Ahlquist et al were less than 3 years of age. Also, no emphasis was placed on the inclusion of high roughage (bran and peanuts) in the 5-day test diet. Considering all of this, I find a 33% detection rate to be very good.
Choledochoduodenal Fistula Secondary to Duodenal Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Sherwin Isaacson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE PROXIMITY OF the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb to the common bile duct makes it surprising that peptic ulcer penetration leading to a fistula between them is such a rarity. Such a fistula, however, comprises only from 3.5% to 6% of internal biliary fistulae in reported series. We have been able to trace reports of only 40 cases in the literature since 1915. The great majority of reports on choledochoduodenal fistula resulting from peptic ulcer have appeared in surgical journals, with subsequent surgery performed on most of the patients described. The consensus in these reports would indicate that surgical intervention is believed to be the choice procedure for this condition, as it unquestionably is in the far commoner cases of internal biliary fistulae secondary to biliary tract disease. Hutchings et al., for example, after presentation of 6 cases and review of the American literature, state categorically, "Surgical therapy
Increased Particulate Air Pollution and the Triggering of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Annette Peters, Douglas W. Dockery, James E. Muller, Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Elevated concentrations of ambient particulate air pollution have been associated with increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. Whether high concentrations of ambient particles can trigger the onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI), however, remains unknown. Methods and Results —We interviewed 772 patients with MI in the greater Boston area between January 1995 and May 1996 as part of the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study. Hourly concentrations of particle mass &lt;2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), carbon black, and gaseous air pollutants were measured. A case-crossover approach was used to analyze the data for evidence of triggering. The risk of MI onset increased in association with elevated concentrations of fine particles in the previous 2-hour period. In addition, a delayed response associated with 24-hour average exposure 1 day before the onset of symptoms was observed. Multivariate analyses considering both time windows jointly revealed an estimated odds ratio of 1.48 associated with an increase of 25 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 during a 2-hour period before the onset and an odds ratio of 1.69 for an increase of 20 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 in the 24-hour period 1 day before the onset (95% CIs 1.09, 2.02 and 1.13, 2.34, respectively). Conclusions —The present study suggests that elevated concentrations of fine particles in the air may transiently elevate the risk of MIs within a few hours and 1 day after exposure. Further studies in other locations are needed to clarify the importance of this potentially preventable trigger of MI.