tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2319: Target selective drug delivery through liposomes labeled with tetra-branched neurotensin peptides
Authors: Luisa Bracci, Chiara Falciani, Alessandro Pini, Jlenia Brunetti, Barbara Lelli, Antonella Accardo, Diego Tesauro, Giancarlo Morelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aim of the study was to construct and test liposomes labeled with tetra-branched receptor-specific peptides for target selective drug delivery. Membrane receptors for endogenous peptides, like neurotensin (NT), are over-expressed by different human cancers and can be targeted as tumor-specific antigens. We found that peptide sequences, when synthesized in an oligo-branched form, become resistant to proteolysis and thanks to their multimericity are more efficient than corresponding monomers in binding cellular antigens (1). In previous works we developed tetra-branched NT peptides (NT4), which can be used as ‘theranostics’, by addition of different functional units to the tumor targeting sequence (2-4). Here we describe the synthesis of liposomes filled with the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin (Doxo) and functionalized on the external surface with a tetra-branched neurotensin peptide. The new functionalized liposomes, DOPC/NT4Lys(C18)2 (NT4-liposomes), are obtained by co-aggregation of the DOPC phospholipid with a new synthetic amphiphilic molecule, NT4Lys(C18)2, containing a lysine scaffold derivatized with a lypophilic moiety and the tetrabranched hydrophilic NT peptide. Selective internalization and cytotoxicity of NT4-liposomes and DOPC nude liposome, both loaded with doxorubicin, were tested in different human cancer cell lines. Peptide-functionalized liposomes showed a clear advantage with respect to DOPC nude liposomes in drug internalization, as followed either by confocal microscopy or cytofluorimetry. Cytotoxicity of NT4-Doxo-liposomes is increased with respect to DOPC-Doxo liposomes. The higher rate of internalization of NT4-Doxo-liposomes, might be due to a lower dissociation constant of the NT4-liposomes that bind the membrane onto a specific protein, differently to the DOPC liposomes that approach the plasma membrane unselectively. These results are highly encouraging for an in vivo use of NT4-liposomes, considering that we already proved that, thanks to their cell selectivity, drug armed NT4 are much more effective in mice cancer models than in in vitro cytotocity experiments. References. 1. Bracci et al. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278, 46590-5. 2. Falciani et al. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2007, 6, 2441-8. 3. Falciani et al. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 2010, 10, 695-04. 4. Falciani et al. ChemMedChem 2010, 5, 567-74. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2319. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2319
Atlas of uncommon pain syndromes
Authors: A P Garnham
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

S D Waldman. Saunders, 2002, £74.99, hardcover, pp 224. ISBN 0721693725

This title arouses interest, and immediately brings to mind the aphorism “when you hear hoof beats, think of horses, not zebras.” Indeed, the preface begins with just that advice. However, a dip into the book soon reveals that this is a mixed collection of conditions under the broad heading of “uncommon.” Of course, uncommon depends on one’s field—within any sports medicine practice, such conditions as supraspinatus tendinitis (sic), iliotibial band friction, and talofibular pain are very much everyday horses. However, omohyoid syndrome, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, quadriceps expansion syndrome, and many others are more intriguing.

The text is arranged regionally, with 71 conditions dealt with in individual chapters, with accompanying illustrations. The term syndrome is loosely applied to a variety of causes of pain of predominantly musculoskeletal …
Risk of vertebral fracture and relationship to bone mineral density in steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: N F Peel, D J Moore, N A Barrington, D E Bax, R Eastell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To determine the prevalence of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women with steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and whether the risk of vertebral fracture could be predicted from measurements of bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS--Vertebral deformities were defined from spine radiographs in 76 postmenopausal women with steroid treated RA (aged 50-79 years) and 347 age matched women from a population based group, using a morphometric technique. Lumbar spine (LS) BMD was measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. RESULTS--The odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the women with RA was 6.2 (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 12.3). The decrease in LS-BMD was less than expected for the observed prevalence of vertebral fracture and, among the women with RA, LS-BMD was not lower in those with vertebral fractures. CONCLUSIONS--We conclude that patients with steroid treated RA may have abnormal bone quality, and that LS-BMD cannot be used to predict the risk of vertebral fracture in these patients.
Inhibition of steady-state intestinal absorption of long-chain triglyceride by medium-chain triglyceride in the unanesthetized rat
Authors: Susanne Bennett Clark, Peter R. Holt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Maximal steady-state intestinal absorption rates in unanesthetized rats for triolein, a long-chain triglyceride, and for trioctanoin, a medium-chain triglyceride, are known to differ. Both these lipids are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen but the products of hydrolysis are metabolized differently by the mucosal cell. Intraduodenal infusion of trioctanoin was found to reduce steady-state triolein absorption. Luminal lipolysis was shown not to be rate-controlling. High rates of trioctanoin infusion significantly lowered the pH of the luminal aqueous phase and altered the partition of oleic acid between aqueous and oil phases. Two possible mechanisms for the inhibition of triolein uptake are considered. In the intestinal lumen medium chain lipids might have lowered the activity of oleic acid monomers in the aqueous phase and reduced passive diffusion into mucosal cells. Alternatively, competition between long and medium chain fatty acids for some common receptor during transport into the intestinal mucosal cell may have occurred. Despite significant inhibition of triolein absorption by high levels of trioctanoin, the maximum number of calories absorbed from mixtures of triglycerides exceeded the maxima from either glyceride alone. The optimum proportion of triolein to trioctanoin in lipid infusion mixtures was about 3:4 by weight and the optimum dosages about half maximal for each triglyceride, which represented a caloric intake of 4 kcal/rat per 2 hr. The absorption coefficient for this lipid mixture was about 90%. It is suggested that in patients who have a limited intestinal absorptive capacity dietary fat intake might be doubled with a caloric supplement of medium-chain triglycerides without increase in steatorrhea of long-chain fat.
A NOTE ON THE VALUE OF ANCHORED DRESSINGS IN SURGERY
Authors: J. L. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1912)

Having these qualities, duralumin seemed to me to be likely to be -usefuil as-naaterial -fot -ortlhppedic instru- inients, and I asked Mir.Albert Evans to procure somne,,and to-experiment for me at the National Ortho>paedic Hos- Iital.The first appliance was suipplied about six months ago; since then a lnumber of instruiments lha-e been miiade and used, a,d have given me satisfaction.Aimong those appliances which have been tested.by actual and ofteni rough wear, and of wlhich specimiienis are now shown, are-Thon:ias's hip anid knee splints, double Trhomas's splint for Pott's disease, spinal stupports, walking instruments for paralysis anad for severe flat-foot and flat- foot plates.It will be noticed how light they all are.One of these plates which I now show lhas been in use for some mlontlhs durin'g last summer and, was lnecessarily exposed to a great deal of perspiration.yet, as is seen, the suirface is not in the least corroded.The uinder surface of this plate, however, is roughened from friction against the sole of the shoe.
Effect of Race and Stage of Disease on the Serum Immunoglobulins in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Robert A. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Measurement of serum immunoglobulin levels in 45 healthy Negro subjects and 52 healthy white subjects revealed significantly higher IgG and IgA levels in the Negroes. Serum immunoglobulin levels were determined in 73 Negro and 12 white patients with sarcoidosis. Levels of IgG and IgA were within normal range in all 12 white patients; IgM levels were increased in 3 patients. Among Negro patients with sarcoidosis, elevation of the IgG value was also infrequent, with mean levels significantly increased only in patients with chronic and stage 3 disease. Levels of IgA were significantly elevated in all types and stages of sarcoidosis, most markedly in those patients with chronic and advanced disease. Levels of IgM were frequently elevated, showing little relationship to stage or duration of disease. Two patients with sarcoidosis had no measurable IgA in their serum.
MENINGITIS OF THE EPIDEMIC TYPE IN CHILDREN BELOW TWO YEARS OF AGE
Authors: HENRY KOPLIK
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The diagnosis and treatmentrospcerebrospinal m e n i n - gitishil cen below 2years of age has become a very important problem.Without fear of overestimating our modern adern advances in methods of d i a g n o s i s and t r eatment, it may be said that in older children, bet ween the ages of 2 and 10 years, this dreada f f e c t i o nhas been deprived of its many terrifying aspect s. diseasese olde these older children is e a s i l y
Clinical Disorders of the Heart Beat
Authors: Tsung O. Cheng
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The third edition has been enlarged over the previous edition, and most of the chapters completely rewritten, others extensively revised and updated. The same style of "boxed summaries," containing salient features, is retained and serves as a ready reference. References follow every chapter, many as current as 1970 and a few even 1971. The emphasis continues to be clinical with adequate physiological background, although one may question devoting a total of 40 pages to anatomy and 62 pages to physiologic considerations but only 10 pages to hemodynamics. One can also be critical in several other places. For example, in the chapter, "Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction," the author failed to emphasize the important therapeutic distinction between the two types of second-degree A-V block in acute myocardial infarction, although the subject was touched upon in the chapter on A-V heart block. In the chapter entitled "Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers," the discussion
Failure of Long Limb Roux-en-Y Reconstruction to Prevent Alkaline Reflux Esophagitis after Total Gastrectomy
Authors: J. A. Salo, E. Kivilaakso
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Postoperative reflux esophagitis is usually not seen in connection with Roux-en-Y reconstruction after total or subtotal gastrectomy. An isoperistaltic jejunal limb of adequate length (over 40 cm) is considered to prevent reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus with consequent injury of the esophageal mucosa that otherwise may ensue. The present paper describes four patients who developed postoperative reflux esophagitis as a complication after total gastrectomy, despite a well-functioning Roux-en-Y reconstruction. It is possible that the intraabdominal generalization of cancer which was concomitantly observed in three of our four patients, may have had a contributory influence on the development of the condition by decreasing esophageal mucosal resistance, thus rendering the mucosa vulnerable to even minimal amounts of intra-esophageal regurgitation of duodenal contents, and that alkaline reflux esophagitis appearing after an interval in a patient who had an adequate Roux-en-Y reconstruction after total gastrectomy, may be the first sign of intraabdominal tumor recurrence despite negative x-ray examinations.
Merkel cells do not require trophic maintenance from the nerves in adult human skin
Authors: Y. NARISAWA, H. KOHDA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

A 34-year-old Japanese man with hereditary sensory neuropathy was examined to evaluate the distribution, density and inter-relationship between Merkel cells and peripheral nerves in the skin. An epidermal sheet of affected plantar skin showed numerous CAM 5.2-reactive Merkel cells, whereas PGP 9.5-reactive peripheral nerves were completely absent in the epidermis and dermis. These findings strongly suggest that Merkel cells do not require trophic maintenance from nerves in adult human skin.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Practical Guide for the Treatment of Substance Abuse
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 March 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Practical Guide for the Treatment of Substance AbuseDaniel R. Neuspiel, MDDaniel R. Neuspiel, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-5-199303010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Practical Guide for the Treatment of Substance AbuseMichael F. Fleming and Kristen Lawton Barry; eds. 439 pages. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1992. $39.95.Chemical dependency has emerged as a growing concern for primary health care providers; however, few reference sources exist to meet practitioners' needs. This multiauthor text aims to serve primary care clinicians who care for patients with addictive disorders. Here, addictions are defined broadly to include dependency on illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and gambling, as well as eating disorders. Special populations such as women, adolescents, athletes, the elderly, the disabled, and the mentally ill are also addressed in separate ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 5Page: 400KeywordsAdolescentsDrug dependenceDrugsHealth care providersPatientsPopulation statisticsPregnancyPrimary careSubstance abuseTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book: The Breast Cancer Wars: Hope, Fear, and the Pursuit of a Cure in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Barron H Lerner Oxford University Press, £19.99, pp 383 ISBN 0 19 514261 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> If you wonder why American women pin pink ribbons to their jackets and go in their thousands in “runs for the cure,” this book will give you the history. In a readable style with realms of research, Barron Lerner, an associate professor, medical historian, and practising physician in New York, outlines the history of the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the 20th century. Lerner describes the first battles: over surgical treatment for breast … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Atrial Septal Defect in the Aged
Authors: MANUEL RODSTEIN, FREDERIC D. ZEMAN, ISADORE E. GERBER
Journal: Circulation (1961)

T HE less obvious diseases occurring in the aged are often overlooked in clinical prac- tice and have been given little mention in medical literature.Atrial septal defect has a high incidence in youth and middle age.Among individuals over the age of 50 it is the most common major congenital defect.'The refinement of diagnostic criteria is made imperative by the fact that rapidly progres- sive cardiac failure (of relatively recent ori- gin) may occur in cases with atrial septal de- feet over the age of 60.Ellis has shown that such individuals may be successfully operated upon, with closure of the defects, and syinptomatic improvement.2In the aged a well-defined clinical picture is often present, and may be seen with minimal impairment of cardiac function and no significant cardiac symlptoms.In view of these considerations we are pre- senting the clinical and pathologic findings inl two cases over the age of 70.One of these survived to the age of 84 years, and is the oldest case of atrial septal defect yet reported.W\e have combined the findings in these two easles witl those in 16 other cases (65 years of age or older) reported by other authors with postmortem findingS3-16 in order to determine common clinical features and explain the rea- sons for prolonge(d survival. Case ReportsCase 1An 84-year-old inail had a history of dyspnea for 8 years, congestive heart failure for 2 years, and repeated attacks of bronchopneumonia and anginal pain.His blood pressure was 215/90; basal systolic and diastolic inurinurs were present, no cyanosis was found.Enlargement of the right ventricle, of the right atrium, and of the pulinonary artery was present on x-ray (fig. 1),and a lilar dance was noted on fluoroscopy (figs. 2 and 3).Regular sinus rhythin with right bundle- branch block was present in his electrocardiogram.
Altered miRNA and gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype identify networks of prognostic relevance
Authors: F G Rücker, A C Russ, S Cocciardi, H Kett, R F Schlenk, U Botzenhardt, C Langer, J Krauter, S Fröhling, B Schlegelberger, A Ganser, P Lichter, T Zenz, H Döhner, K Döhner, L Bullinger
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Re: Emmanuel David-Montefiore, Jean-Louis Frobert, Marielle Grisard-Anaf, Jean Lienhart, Karine Bonnet, Christophe Poncelet and Emile Daraï. Peri-Operative Complications and Pain After the Suburethral Sling Procedure for Urinary Stress Incontinence: A French Prospective Randomised Multicentre Study Comparing the Retropubic and Transobturator Routes. Eur Urol 2006;49:133–8
Authors: Emile Daraï, Emmanuel David-Montefiore
Journal: European Urology (2006)
THE MAINTENANCE OF A SUSTAINED THROMBOLYTIC STATE IN MAN. I. INDUCTION AND EFFECTS*
Authors: Anthony P. Fletcher, Norma Alkjaersig, Sol Sherry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

coccal metabolism, is a highly effective activator of human plasminogen. Plasmin, the enzyme formed following plasminogen activation, exerts powerful proteolytic and fibrinolytic effects at neutral hydrogen ion concentrations, which in vivo mediate the mechanisms of physiological fibrinolysis. Consequently, hopes have been entertained that the intravenous injection of streptokinase, or of streptokinase-activated plasmin, might prove to be of benefit in the therapy of human thromboembolic disease. Animal experiment, despite the lessened effectiveness of streptokinase as an activator of animal plasminogen and the difficulties of species variability, has yielded striking findings. The intravenous injection of very large doses of streptokinase has been shown to produce lysis of artificially produced thrombi in the arteries of dogs (1) and in the veins of rabbits (2), to cause the clearance of peritoneal exudate evoked by trauma (3) and more recently to prevent or remove fibrinoid lesions secondary to the generalized Shwartzman response (4). These findings appear to be of unequivocal significance but the precise mechanism of their production has been uncertain.
Gentamicin and Hypokalemia
Authors: GLENN L. GOODHART
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Gentamicin and HypokalemiaGLENN L. GOODHART, M.D., STUART HANDELSMAN, M.D.GLENN L. GOODHART, M.D., STUART HANDELSMAN, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-645_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Aminogycoside therapy has been reported to cause renal wasting of magnesium, calcium, and potassium by a direct effect on tubular function (1). Particularly in the case reports of potassium wasting, the patients were, however, usually treated with other drugs known to cause hypokalemia (for example, carbencillin sodium or diuretic agents), were extremely ill with rapidly fatal diseases, or were in renal failure (2-4). We report here the case of a patient who developed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia while on gentamicin with none of these confounding factors.A previously healthy 37-year-old woman had an open, comminuted fracture of the...References1. APPEL G. Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: physiologic studies of the sites of nephron damage. In: WHELTON A, NEU HC, eds. The Aminoglycosides: Microbiology, Clinical Use, and Toxicity. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. ; 1982:269-79. Google Scholar2. BAR R. Hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia secondary to renal magnesium wasting: a possible consequence of high dose gentamicin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1975;82:646-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KEATING M. Hypocalcemia with hypoparathyroidism and renal tubular dysfunction associated with aminoglycoside therapy. Cancer. 1977;39:1410-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHIMPFF S. Ticarcillin in combination with cephalothin or gentamicin as empiric antibiotic therapy in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976;10:837-44. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 960 Johnson Ferry Road NE Atlanta, GA 30342 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byElectrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Triggered by Aminoglycoside or Colistin Therapy: A Systematic ReviewHypomagnesemia is a risk factor for nonrecovery of renal function and mortality in AIDS patients with acute kidney injuryAcquired Bartter-Like Syndrome Associated with Gentamicin AdministrationAcute Muscular Paralysis in an Adult With Subclinical Bartter's Syndrome Associated With Gentamicin AdministrationPotassium Homeostasis and HypokalemiaAntibiotics: The Experimental and Clinical Situation 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 645-646KeywordsCalciumDiureticsDrugsHypomagnesemiaMagnesiumPotassiumRenal failureSodium Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Necessity for Better Provision for Legal Medicine in This Country.
Authors: Samuel Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New York, Oct. 8, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Anent your editorial on the above subject August 25, in which you lament the lack of instruction in medical jurisprudence, kindly permit one of your readers to say that as far as Cornell is concerned, your statement is incorrect. While it is true that Cornell does not have a special chair in medical jurisprudence, that subject is as thoroughly covered as is possible without such special chair, by some of the other departments of the reguar course, viz.: lectures in toxicology by Prof. R. A. Witthaus to third-year students; gross pathology and autopsy work at the morgue in the third and fourth years respectively, under the direction of Dr. 0. H. Schultze, who is a coroner's physician of several years' standing and a medicolegal expert of more than local renown, and, last but not least, in the thorough course in mental diseases
Reduction in IL-33 expression exaggerates ischaemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in mice with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tao Rui, Jinchao Zhang, Xuemei Xu, Yongwei Yao, Raymond Kao, Claudio M. Martin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsThe underlying mechanism(s) of vulnerability of the diabetic myocardium to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury is not fully understood. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been reported showing the beneficial effect to the myocardium on I/R injury. The aims of this study were to test whether diabetes mellitus (DM) affects myocardial levels of IL-33 and to examine whether reduction in IL-33 is responsible for exaggerated I/R injury in the diabetic myocardium.