tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Triggers Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Tomohiro Kurihara, Ryoko Shimizu-Hirota, Masayuki Shimoda, Takeshi Adachi, Hideyuki Shimizu, Stephen J. Weiss, Hiroshi Itoh, Shingo Hori, Naoki Aikawa, Yasunori Okada
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening vascular disease without effective pharmaceutical therapy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the development of chronic vascular diseases including aneurysm, but the key effectors and mechanism of action remain unknown. To define further the role of MMPs in AAD, we screened circulating MMPs in AAD patients, and then generated a novel mouse model for AAD to characterize the mechanism of action. Methods and Results— MMP9 and angiotensin II were elevated significantly in blood samples from AAD patients than in those from the patients with nonruptured chronic aortic aneurysm or healthy volunteers. Based on the findings, we established a novel AAD model by infusing angiotensin II to immature mice that had been received a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate. AAD was developed successfully in the thoracic aorta by angiotensin II administration to β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-treated wild-type mice, with an incidence of 20%, 80%, and 100% after 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. Neutrophil infiltrations were observed in the intima of the thoracic aorta, and the overexpression of MMP9 in the aorta was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, gelatin zymography, and immunohistochemistry. The incidence of AAD was reduced significantly by 40% following the administration of an MMP inhibitor and was almost blocked completely in MMP −/− mice without any influence on neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophil depletion by injection of anti-granulocyte-differentiation antigen-1 (anti-Gr-1) antibody also significantly decreased the incidence of AAD. Conclusions— These data suggest that AAD is initiated by neutrophils that have infiltrated the aortic intima and released MMP9 in response to angiotensin II.
Prognostic importance of dipyridamole-echocardiography test in coronary artery disease.
Authors: E Picano, S Severi, C Michelassi, F Lattanzi, M Masini, E Orsini, A Distante, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We studied the value of dipyridamole-echocardiography test in comparison with clinical, resting electrocardiogram and echocardiogram variables in predicting cardiac events occurring in 539 consecutive patients referred for dipyridamole-echocardiography test from 1984 to 1987. There were 118 cardiac events: 11 cardiac deaths, 12 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, and 95 coronary revascularization (bypass or angioplasty) procedures. A Cox survival analysis identified echocardiographic positivity after dipyridamole administration as the best predictor of cardiac events (relative risk ratio, 2.7). The next most powerful predictor was angina after dipyridamole administration (relative risk ratio, 1.9). Cardiac events occurred in 14 (6%) of 253 patients with normal high-dose dipyridamole echocardiographic test results, in 21 (26%) of 82 patients with high-dose dipyridamole echocardiographic positivity (0.84 mg/kg during 10 minutes), and in 83 (41%) of 204 patients with low-dose dipyridamole echocardiographic positivity (0.56 mg/kg during 4 minutes) (p less than 0.0001). In a subset of 341 patients, exercise electrocardiography stress test and coronary angiography were also available. A Cox survival analysis again identified echocardiographic positivity after dipyridamole as the best predictor of cardiac events (relative risk ratio, 1.9) followed by a pathologic coronary arteriography (relative risk ratio, 1.2). We conclude that the presence and timing of a transient dyssynergy during dipyridamole stress are useful predictors of subsequent cardiac events.
Prognostic Value of Total Bilirubin in Patients With ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mehmet Gul, Huseyin Uyarel, Mehmet Ergelen, Ozgul Akgul, Gurkan Karaca, Selahattin Turen, Murat Ugur, Mehmet Erturk, Seref Kul, Ozgur Surgit, Mehmet Bozbay, Nevzat Uslu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Nail haemorrhages in native highlanders of the Peruvian Andes
Authors: D. Heath, P. Harris, D. Williams, H. Kruger
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Nail haemorrhages are of interest to the chest physician and cardiologist. While the common type in the distal part of the nail is produced by the minor trauma of daily life, the rarer form—scattered through the nail substance—appears to be related to hypoxaemia brought about by heart and lung disease. We thought it would be of interest to study a population which was naturally hypoxaemic because of living at high altitude. Accordingly we have studied the frequency and types of nail haemorrhage in Quechua Indians who are permanently exposed to the hypobaric hypoxia of the Andes. We found the haemorrhages to be common both in mestizos living on the coastal plain and in the native highlanders. They appeared to increase in frequency with altitude but were of the distal type and would thus seem to be the result of minor trauma as at sea level. However, just as in cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease at low altitude, those with exaggerated hypoxaemia and pronounced elevation of haematocrit—namely, subjects with Monge9s disease (chronic mountain sickness)—had scattered haemorrhages in the nail substance.
Area-at-risk determination by technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile in experimental reperfused myocardial infarction.
Authors: P M De Coster, W Wijns, F Cauwe, A Robert, C Beckers, J A Melin
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In a canine model of reperfused myocardial infarction, we tested the hypothesis that after reperfusion, technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (Tc-MIBI) tomographic imaging still reflects occlusion blood flow when the tracer is injected before reperfusion. Nine anesthetized dogs underwent 2 hours of coronary occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion ending by being killed. Reference coronary blood flow was determined by radioactive microspheres injected during occlusion and after reperfusion. Biopsies in normal and ischemic myocardium and single photon emission computed tomography were obtained during occlusion and after reperfusion. Circumferential profiles were applied to axial slices divided into 5-degree sectors. The sectors were divided into 3 groups selected on the occlusion acquisition (normal, mildly reduced, and severely reduced) and compared with the postreperfusion acquisition. Tissular Tc-MIBI kinetics was assessed both by Tc-MIBI time-activity curves of normal and ischemic tissue obtained by biopsy and by the relative gradient between normal, ischemic, and necrotic postmortem tissue samples. In biopsy samples, Tc-MIBI content remained unchanged during occlusion and after reperfusion in normal as well as in ischemic tissue (4,662 +/- 2,237 counts/min/mg vs. 4,599 +/- 1,577 counts/min/mg in normal tissue, NS; 941 +/- 903 counts/min/mg vs. 1,087 +/- 721 counts/min/mg in ischemic tissue, NS). In postmortem tissue samples, there was a good correlation between occlusion microsphere blood flow and Tc-MIBI activity (r = 0.91). In the necrotic samples, mean normalized Tc-MIBI activity (10 +/- 17%) was slightly higher than the normalized microsphere blood flow (3 +/- 3%, p less than 0.001) but markedly lower than the normalized microsphere reperfusion blood flow (63 +/- 31%, p less than 0.001). Comparing the single photon emission computed tomographic acquisitions before and after reperfusion, Tc-MIBI activity remained unchanged in normal as well as in mildly reduced or severely reduced segments. Thus, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that Tc-MIBI traces blood flow, does not redistribute significantly despite reperfusion, and can be used for imaging the area at risk.
Zn<sup>2+</sup> Binding‐Enabled Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: A Step toward New Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Applications
Authors: Yongqian Xu, Qin Liu, Bairui Dou, Brian Wright, Jingyun Wang, Yi Pang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

In order to facilitate the in vivo study of zinc-related biology, it is essential to develop a zinc-selective sensor that exhibits both near-infrared (NIR) emission and larger Stokes shift. A fluorescent sensor, Zinhbo-5, has been constructed by using bis(benzoxazole) ligand with 2, 2'-dipicolylamine (DPA) as metal ion receptor. In aqueous solution, Zinhbo-5 exhibits high sensitivity (K(d) = 2.58 nM(2) ) and selectivity for Zn(2+) cation, revealing about 14-fold fluorescence enhancement upon zinc binding to give green emission. Remarkably, Zn(2+) binding to Zinhbo-5 switches on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), producing the desirable near-infrared region (over 710 nm) with large Stokes shift (ca. 240 nm). The new probe is demonstrated to be useful for in vivo imaging of the intracellular Zn(2+) ion. The Zinhbo-5 is also useful for detecting zinc ion distribution during the development of living zebrafish embryos.
Are clinical trial data shared sufficiently today? No
Authors: B. Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The AllTrials campaign asks for all trials to be registered and their results published. <b>Ben Goldacre</b> says we need the evidence to make informed decisions about medicines. <b>John Castellani</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1881) says mandatory disclosure could affect patient privacy, stifle discovery, and allow competitors or unscrupulous actors to use the information
Monoclonal antibody against a major latex allergen reacts with latex products and ammoniated natural latex
Authors: L.‐J. Lu, V. P. Kurup, K. J. Kelly, J. N. Fink
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Spina bifida patients have been shown to be a high‐risk group for latex allergy. Of the several latex proteins identified from nonammoniated natural latex, a polypeptide with a molecular mass of about 23 kDa was shown to be one of the major allergens reacting with IgE in the sera from such patients. Using hybridoma technology, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1E2 against the 23‐kDa latex allergen was produced. The presence of the 23‐kDa or related allergens in finished latex products was evaluated using 1E2. Of the 16 extracts of finished latex products, 12 reacted with 1E2. The other four products are not used in health care. Since the majority of latex products used in health care are manufactured from ammoniated latex and ammoniation may alter latex proteins, we also investigated the effect of ammoniation on the 23‐kDa allergen. Although ammoniation degraded latex proteins, the 23‐kDa antigen could still be detected by using mAb 1E2 on immunoblot of ammoniated latex proteins. Furthermore, ammoniation resulted in the appearance of additional proteins in high molecular weight positions not present in nonammoniated natural latex, which retained the 23‐kDa epitope. The 23‐kDa allergen could also be detected on surgical gloves after extensive washing.
Contraception endangered by legal challenge to emergency pill
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Contraception for millions of women in Britain could be endangered if a legal challenge to the lawfulness of supplying the emergency contraception pill over the counter succeeds, the Department of Health warned this week.

The fears were voiced as the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children launched an application at the High Court in London for judicial review of an order allowing Levonelle-2 to be dispensed by pharmacists without …
Abstract 3596: SCH727965, a cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor, induces apoptosis in sarcoma cells through caspase 3- dependent pathway
Authors: Wei Fu, Le Ma, Baoky Chu, Xue Wang, Tapan K. Bagui, Marilyn M. Bui, Jennifer Gemmer, Soner Altiok, Douglas G. Letson, W. Jack Pledger
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Sarcoma is a rare cancer in adults (1% of all adult cancers), but rather prevalent in children (about 15% of all childhood cancers). Toward the goal of developing new treatment options for sarcoma, we show that the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor SCH 727695 (SCH) induces the apoptosis of several sarcoma cell lines including those resistant to doxorubicin and dasatinib. Also responsive to SCH were cell lines prepared in our laboratory from patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy and explant derived from a human sarcoma xenograft in mice. Apoptosis occurred at low nanomolar concentrations of SCH, as did CDK inhibition. SCH activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis as evidenced by caspase-9 cleavage and accumulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c. SCH induced cell death in sarcoma cells that differ in RB and p53 expression. Amounts of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bim increased in mitochondria, whereas amounts of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL declined. Sarcoma cells apoptosed when co-depleted of CDK1 and CDK2 but not when depleted of other CDK combinations. We suggest that SCH triggers the apoptosis of sarcoma cells by inactivating CDK1 and CDK2 and that SCH may be useful for treatment of drug-resistant sarcomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3596
Hospital Ethics Committees
Authors: Norman Fost, Ronald E. Cranford
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Two physicians with experience in setting up hospital ethics committees (HECs) review some of the administrative and legal aspects of the committees' formation and operation. They identify HECs as having an advisory function rather than a regulatory or decision making role, and explore the rationale for these committees and their relationship to institutional review boards. Advice is offered to hospitals planning to establish ethics committees on defining their goals, selecting members, deciding about patient and family participation, opening meetings to all interested persons, and keeping records. Fost and Cranford also discuss the questions of access to committees, their jurisdiction, whether consultation should be optional or mandatory, and the effect of committee consultations on legal liability. They conclude that, if properly formed and administered, hospital ethics committees can help promote ethically defensible decisions about life-sustaining care.
Labelled for life
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Teenagers get a hormonal mainline rush of adult insight that sends them into a spiral of mental agony. They fight against parents to try to define themselves; they don’t want to be us. Childhood is not about defining what you want to be but what you don’t want to be. Yet we all remain captive to our childhood: try as we might, we can’t change who we are or where we come from, or free ourselves from the emotions we develop as children.

Therefore, I …
The Clinical Chief
Authors: A. A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Sometime ago I wrote a brief editorial on the changing practice in surgical pathology. Recently John R. Herman, MD, indicated the need for departmental separation of  and research functions ( JAMA  191 :1022 [March 22] 1965). Although I agree in general, it is important to be somewhat more critical in the definition of clinical chief. Such an individual should be a competent clinician broadly interested in the application of proven basic investigative techniques to  disease. This means he should be laterally trained and a sort of general practitioner in basic research, interested in both biologic and physical sciences. He should develop a split personality in order to approach each patient as a sympathetic practitioner, or as a  scientist using investigative tools to study disease in a primate colony. Actually, we should support scientific basic investigation without additional cost to the patient. In contrast, basic research
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HABIT OF PROGNOSIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL PHYSICIAN.
Authors: LOUIS FAUGÈRES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It is the duty of a physician to himself and to his patients, not only to be well informed, but it is also to look out for new methods that tend to the best possible training for his work. Habits, good and bad, are the relentless masters of our lives and actions. Powerful as they are for evil they are equally potent for good if seized upon, developed and directed. Habits of mind and thought are just as much habits as those pertaining to the physical nature. Now there is a particular attitude in approaching a medical case that would seem, more than almost any other, to lead to sound judgments and judicious management, the attitude that takes account of not only present conditions, but discounts them by the probable future. It not only considers what the course of disease will be, if treated, but its course if untreated or
Effect of Heparin on Serum Free-fatty-acids, Plasma Catecholamines, and the Incidence of Arrhythmias following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: P. G. Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The effect of intravenous heparin in a therapeutic dosage on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with indubitable acute myocardial infarction was investigated. The value of serum free-fatty-acids (F.F.A.s) and plasma catecholamines in the prediction of patients vulnerable to serious arrhythmias was also studied. Heparin produced a significant rise in F.F.A., maximal within 10 minutes of injection, but did not increase the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. No relationship was found between the incidence of arrhythmias and the initial levels of F.F.A. or adrenaline. No correlation was obtained between F.F.A. and plasma catecholamine levels. Heparin did not have a consistent effect on plasma catecholamines. Initial control plasma noradrenaline concentrations, however, were found to be significantly correlated with the incidence of subsequent arrhythmias. It is suggested that the level of plasma noradrenaline may be a valuable predictive guide to those patients likely to develop significant arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction.
Simple genetic diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia by sensitive detection of the BRAF-V600E mutation
Authors: Enrico Tiacci, Gianluca Schiavoni, Francesco Forconi, Alessia Santi, Livio Trentin, Achille Ambrosetti, Debora Cecchini, Elisa Sozzi, Paola Francia di Celle, Cristiana Di Bello, Alessandro Pulsoni, Robin Foà, Giorgio Inghirami, Brunangelo Falini
Journal: Blood (2011)
Pharmacological enhancement of performance in doctors
Authors: C. Sugden, R. Aggarwal, C. Housden, B. J. Sahakian, A. Darzi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The benefits have not been proved, and more evidence is needed

In recent years society’s attitude to various types of personal enhancement has shifted. Examples include the popularity of multivitamins and diet pills, the widespread use of caffeine (despite side effects such as anxiety, tremor, and tachycardia), and the unregulated off-label use of methylphenidate (Ritalin), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sildenafil (Viagra).

Since the serendipitous discovery that drugs used to treat narcolepsy (modafinil) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine) can improve the brainpower of healthy people, public and scientific interest has grown. Although the current level of use among doctors is unknown, data indicate that a large proportion of other groups in society (such as students and more senior academics) are currently choosing to use these substances.1

The scientific, moral, and ethical questions about cognitive enhancement are complex and have been acknowledged as such by the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences; both have held workshops and public events on the topic. In addition, the BMA has produced …
Transfer of a Toe to the Hand
Authors: J W May
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. A 38-year-old woman's left thumb was amputated by a boat propeller while she was scuba diving, and it was not retrieved. Panel A shows her left hand three weeks after the accident. Four months after the accident skin from the groin was attached to the thumb stump and web area, and three months later a toe was transferred microsurgically. Panel B, Panel C, and Panel D show the result five years after the reconstructive surgery. By that time the new thumb had adequate sensibility (two-point discrimination of 15 mm) and 50 percent of the adduction power of the . . .
Juvenile onset of primary low-grade cutaneous B-cell lymphoma
Authors: I. Amitay-Laish, M. Feinmesser, D. Ben-Amitai, M. David, Y. Manor, D. Kidron, A. Barzilai, E. Hodak
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Cutaneous lymphomas rarely occur in children and adolescents, and are mostly of the T-cell lineage. Low-grade primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is extremely rare in individuals under 18 years old. Only 11 patients under 20 years old have been reported in the literature.To evaluate the number of patients younger than 18 years with primary CBCL diagnosed at our centre and to investigate its clinicopathological features, treatment and course in this age group.We reviewed the files of all 90 patients with primary CBCL who attended the Department of Dermatology of our tertiary care university-affiliated centre from 1992 to 2007.Four patients who met study criteria were identified: three girls and one boy. Mean age at diagnosis was 16.6 years (range 16-17). Three patients had cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (CMZL), and one had a spindle-cell (sarcomatoid) lymphoma, most probably follicular centre cell type. All were treated with the standard regimen used in adults. The mean duration of follow up was 45 months. No extracutaneous progression was noted. At present two of the four patients are in complete clinical remission.In Israel, primary CBCL apparently occurs more often in young patients than reported in the literature. CMZL is the most frequent type. Long follow up is mandatory to assess the biological behaviour of CBCL in the paediatric/adolescent age group.
Carcinoma of the Alimentary Tract: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Bertram Fleshler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This book is the report of a meeting held, presumably under the auspices of the National Institutes of Health, on the topic indicated by the title. It consists of brief papers given by some of the participants and a transcript of the discussion held about the papers and the general topic. The papers presented were divided into three sections. The section on epidemiology contains reports on the incidence of various gastrointestinal tumors in various countries and within some isolated populations. Spontaneous and induced tumors in animals are briefly described in the section on epizoology. The hope, not yet realized, is that such tumors might serve as good experimental models for further research. The third section, "Pathogenesis and Etiology of Cancer of the Alimentary Tract," discusses various topics such as the relationship between adenomatous polyps and colonic carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colonic cancer, ABO groups and gastric carcinoma, and others. No