tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in consultation rates in urban general practice.
Authors: S. J. Gillam, B. Jarman, P. White, R. Law
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the patterns of consultations with the general practitioner among different ethnic groups and the outcome of these consultations.Retrospective analysis of data from one urban group general practice collected during 1979-81 as part of a research project in seven practices.Group general practice in the London borough of Brent with a list size of 10,877 patients in July 1980.Patients registered with the practice during the 23 months to April 1981 who accounted for 67,197 consultations.Ethnic state, sex and social class distribution, and diagnosis of patients consulting and frequency of consultations analysed as standardised consultation ratios and standardised patient consultation ratios.Compared with other ethnic groups male Asians (that is, including those born in Britain and those originating from the Indian subcontinent and east Africa) had a substantially increased standardised patient consultation ratio. Consultation rates for mental disorders--in particular, anxiety and depression--were reduced in all groups of immigrant descent. West Indians consulted more frequently for hypertension and asthma, and their children less frequently with otitis media. Asians consulted more frequently with upper respiratory tract infections and non-specific symptoms. Native British patients were more likely to leave the surgery with a follow up appointment, prescription, or certificate.Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, ethnic differences in consultation rates were apparent. These differences require further investigation if the needs of minority ethnic groups are not to be overlooked.
Evidence for a direct reticulocyte origin of dense red cells in sickle cell anemia.
Authors: R M Bookchin, O E Ortiz, V L Lew
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To explore our hypothesis of a direct reticulocyte origin of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), we fractionated light, reticulocyte-rich, and discocyte-rich sickle anemia red cells on Stractan gradients, and examined the effects of deoxygenation-induced sickling, external Ca2+, acidification, and replacing external Na+ by impermeant N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG+). Sickling permeabilized light reticulocyte-rich cells to cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) more than discocytes; without external Ca2+, Na+ influx matched K+ efflux, with stable cell volume; with Ca2+, many light, low hemoglobin (Hb) F reticulocytes dehydrated rapidly (preventable by quinine, a Ca2(+)-dependent K+ channel inhibitor). Acidification of oxygenated discocytes (high mean Hb F) and reticulocyte-rich fractions yielded denser, reticulocyte-enriched cells with lower Hb F (as in light reticulocyte or dense ISC-rich fractions). Light cells shrank when NMG+ replaced Na+, supporting predictions of a Na(+)-dependent volume control system. Demonstration of sickling-induced, Ca2(+)-dependent dehydration of Hb F-free reticulocytes, and conservation of acid-stimulated K:Cl cotransport among low Hb F, reticulocyte-enriched cells in discocyte fractions support the hypothesis. Ancillary new findings included heparin stimulation of sickling-induced Na+ and K+ permeabilizations, and Ca2+ inhibition of the Na+ leak.
Handicapped Children—Problems, Programs, Services—in Michigan
Authors: V. C. Baird
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This publication is a compilation of papers presented at the Conference on Handicapped Children in Michigan, conducted from February 20 to 21, 1961, under the auspices of the Michigan Crippled Children Commission in collaboration with the Division of Maternal and Child Health of the Michigan Department of Health. The conference was conducted primarily to provide information needed by health officers and supervisory or senior nurses in handling problems arising in their local health units of Michigan.  Several introductory papers deal with the handicapped as a public health problem and point out current problems and the scope and availability of services in the State of Michigan. The majority of papers are concerned with problems which result from cleft lip and cleft palate, prevention of prematurity through public health programs, and proper care of premature infants. The final group of papers concerns blindness, sight conservation, and a symposium on reading readiness.  The
ANTIGENS OF LEUKEMIAS INDUCED BY NATURALLY OCCURRING MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS: THEIR RELATION TO THE ANTIGENS OF GROSS VIRUS AND OTHER MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUSES
Authors: Gayla Geering, Lloyd J. Old, Edward A. Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Leukemias can be induced in W/Fu inbred rats by neonatal inoculation of normal thymus cells of C58 mice. These leukemias are not transplantable to C58 mice or to adult W/Fu rats, but they can be kept in passage in W/Fu rats aged 0 to 7 days. Adult W/Fu rats inoculated repeatedly with these isogenic leukemias produce cytotoxic and precipitating antibodies. These antisera are of particular value in the analysis of the antigens of leukemia cells and of leukemia viruses because their mode of preparation precludes the formation of antibody against any normal constituents of the cell. Analysis based on the cytotoxic test indicates the presence of 2 distinct cell surface antigens in leukemias induced by Passage A Gross virus or occurring spontaneously in mice of high-incidence strains. All leukemias and other tissues known to contain G (Gross) leukemia antigen have both determinants, but certain leukemias of low-incidence strains have only 1 of them and so were previously classified G-. Immunoprecipitation with these antisera reveals the presence of a cellular antigen common to G+ cells and absent from G- cells; the same antigen can be demonstrated in ether-treated Gross virus, but not in intact virus. This antigen is present also in ether-treated preparations of the Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher leukemia viruses, but not in Bittner (mammary tumor) virus. Thus it may be regarded as a group-specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses, in contrast to the type-specific cellular antigens demonstrable by the cytotoxic test. Four additional antigens associated with leukemias induced by wild-type Gross virus have been demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, but their relation to viral and cellular antigens has not been determined.
High-dose desloratadine decreases wheal volume and improves cold provocation thresholds compared with standard-dose treatment in patients with acquired cold urticaria: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: Frank Siebenhaar, Franziska Degener, Torsten Zuberbier, Peter Martus, Marcus Maurer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
640. Oncolytic Transcriptionally Retargeted Adenovirus Expressing Nitroreductase in Combination with Antiangiogenic Drug RAD001
Authors: Alexander N. Lukashev, Krizstian G. Homicsko, Cristophe Fuerer, Richard Iggo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
We developed oncolytic adenoviruses that selectively target cancer cells with active |[beta]|-catenin signaling. To achieve this, Tcf promoters were inserted into early virus promoters E1A, E1B and E4. The virus (Ad5Tcf) demonstrated 1000-fold selectivity to tumor cells in vitro, but only a limited efficacy in vivo upon intravenous administration. We then used a range of approaches to increase in vivo efficacy of this virus. First, RGD motif was inserted into the fiber HI loop to improve infection of cancer cells. This modification increased overall efficacy of the virus and allowed infection of cell lines that did not express the natural CAR receptor. Next, we used combination therapy with m-TOR inhibitor, RAD001, which mainly acts as anti-angiogenic drug, to slow down tumor growth in a way that would not adversely affect the virus replication. This combined treatment with 10E11 particles of intravenous Ad5Tcf or Ad5Tcf-RGD virus and 5 mg/kg/day RAD001 was significantly better than any of the agents alone and could almost completely stop growth even of the most aggressive tumor xenografts. In addition, RAD001 is now undergoing phase II clinical trials as an immunosuppressant, and thus has a capability of limiting immune response to oncolytic adenoviruses. In our experiment, 5 mg/kg/day of RAD001 could completely abolish primary antibody response to adenovirus in immunocompetent mice. To further increase efficacy of the Tcf-retargeted virus, we expressed the Escherichia coli nitroreductase nfsB gene from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the adenovirus L5 major late transcript. This enzyme converts prodrug CB1954 into a toxic derivative. The virus (Ad5Tcf-NTR) expressed nitroductase late with high specificity to cancer cells. This modification has markedly increased virus efficacy in vitro. In vivo, however, the gain from the enzyme-prodrug scheme was only marginal when used alone or in combination with RAD001. As we demonstrated, virus distribution in mouse xenografts was very uneven at late terms, and massively infected and dying tumor regions were separated by necrotic masses and connective tissue streaks that are impassable to the virus. Even minor isolated uninfected tumor fragments then quickly overgrew the killed part. As a conclusion, successful virus therapy of tumors would require further effort to improve virus delivery to achieve even infection and enhanced virus spread within the tumor.
Subdividing Departments of Medicine
Authors: James P. Nolan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 December 1993Subdividing Departments of MedicineJames P. Nolan, MD, John D. Stobo, MD, and Jim Terwilliger, MDJames P. Nolan, MDSearch for more papers by this author, John D. Stobo, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Jim Terwilliger, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Contrary to the views of Dr. Hood and Dr. Goldsmith that new departments should be created, the Association of Professors of Medicine believes that a symbiotic relationship between the core (general internal medicine) and the exterior (the subspecialties) best prepares medical students and residents in internal medicine for a career in practice, teaching, or research.Both general internal medicine and the subspecialties would lose if a breakup of departments occurred. Generalists would be deprived of exposure to, and knowledge from, the cardiologist, gastroenterologist, and so forth, thus impairing their abilities to make broad-based and informed clinical decisions. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 12Page: 1225-1226KeywordsAcademic medicineGastroenterology and hepatologyMedical educationSub-specialty careTraditional medicine Issue Published: 15 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Continuous Anterior Acquisitions in Gastric Emptying: Comparison with the Mean
Authors: JAN ROLAND, ANDRE DOBBELEIR, HAMPHREY R. HAM, JOHAN VANDEVIVERE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Depth correction is necessary when gastric emptying is studied by means of a labeled meal. In this study continuous anterior images were acquired from the onset of the food ingestion. Differences in depth were measured using a left lateral view. A minimal and crude depth correction was performed. The results obtained with this correction method were compared with those obtained using the depth correction technique of the mean. The results obtained in the anterior projection without any depth correction were also compared with those obtained using the method of the mean. The results obtained with both correction techniques were identical in 18 gastric emptying studies. This approach also permits the creation of a time-activity curve over the duodenum in the anterior projection. In this way the lag phase can easily be assessed.
Aflatoxin Contamination of Cottonseed-Reply
Authors: Stephanie C. Crocco
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Cottonseed, an oilseed, is used as animal feed in the southwestern part of the United States. Cottonseed meal is used more widely for both cattle and poultry. When in interstate commerce, these products are subject to Food and Drug Administration action guidelines: 20 ppb aflatoxin in cottonseed and cottonseed meal and 0.5 ppb aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub>in milk. Not all cottonseed-producing areas report the same problem reported here. It should also be noted that aflatoxin contamination, in general, is a sporadic problem.
Cutting Medical Care Costs
Authors: Robert J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A serious slowdown in the nation's economy has led to widespread agreement that the rate of escalation of medical care costs must be slowed. In responding to the pressures to cut costs, physicians need to be guided by the basic tenet of medicine: first do no harm. In recent years, this nation has made extraordinary progress in improving health and longevity. A recent study suggestively links reductions in mortality to increased expenditures for health. Thus, physicians should watch closely how the nation reduces medical care expenses. We suggest a series of yardsticks that might track the effects of the nation's cost-cutting efforts on personal health. Keeping a careful eye on where people receive care, how frequently they see a physician, trends in mortality, and the adequacy or timeliness of care could help us keep our sights set on the continuing improvement of the health of Americans. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1880-1885)
Transmission of <i>trichophyton interdigitale</i> via an intermediate plant host
Authors: R. Weller, C. Leifert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Transmission of trichophyton interdigitale via an intermediate plant host Get access R. Weller, R. Weller Department of Dermatology, Ward 29, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB9 2ZB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Leifert C. Leifert Department of Soil Sciences, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 4, 1 October 1996, Pages 656–657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03859.x Published: 01 October 1996
Physiology of Adolescence
Authors: Felix P. Heald, Mary Daugela, Philip Brunschuyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Pulmonary PhysiologyOne of the earliest studies on pulmonary function in children and adolescents is reported by Stewart.195 He records observations on 2509 normal children and adolescents, of whom 1289 are boys and the remainder girls. The subjects range in age from four to nineteen years inclusive. When related to age, height or weight the vital capacity of the lungs is constantly greater in boys than in girls, the sex difference increasing rapidly from the thirteenth to the nineteenth year. For boys at the age of ten years, the mean vital capacity is 1872 ml., whereas at eighteen it has . . .
Death Caused by Fermenting Manure
Authors: Dale L. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1981)

FARM workers are at risk of contracting a unique set of occupationally related illnesses.<sup>2,3</sup>Chemical toxicity is usually pesticide related but is also seen in settings like silage storage where toxic gases can be released. In contrast, manure handling has involved little chemical exposure except for that experienced through the nasal route. We present information to document how conversion of waste management units to more efficient liquid-manure systems can result in an increased risk of toxic chemical exposure. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 16-year-old farm worker began using high-pressure hot water to clean manure from gutters inside a recently emptied calf barn in Wisconsin. He was 10 m from a 378,500-L underground liquid-manure storage tank, the contents of which had been agitating for 30 to 60 minutes (Figure). After ten minutes he began to cough, vomited, collapsed, and died. A co-worker who was working close to an exhaust fan
Exercise-induced T-wave altemans as a marker of high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yukihiko Momiyama, Juha Hartkainen, Hirokazu Nagayoshi, Paul Albrecht, Josef Kautzner, Richard C. Saumarez, William J. McKenna, A.John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Revolution in Science
Authors: Toby Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The distinguished professor emeritus of the History of Science at Harvard offers here a distillate of a career of research, reading, and reflection on revolutions in science.<i>Distillate</i>may seem an odd term for a book whose 30 chapters and 472 pages of text are supplemented by nearly 100 pages in small print of glosses and documented by more than 100 further pages of notes and bibliography. Cohen's wide-ranging encyclopedic scope encompasses Newton, Lavoisier, Kant, Darwin, Marx, Freud, Einstein, and many others. There is a mine of information for lay and professional readers and students of history. Yet, as a survey of case histories of major revolutions in science, the book presents little in the way of detailed analysis or broad interpretation that will seem new to historians of science in their respective areas of research interest. Cohen seeks to show that revolutions in science generally develop in four stages,
Effect of Long-Term Right Ventricular Pacing in Young Adults With Structurally Normal Heart
Authors: Sandeep Sagar, Win-Kuang Shen, Samuel J. Asirvatham, Yong-Mei Cha, Raul E. Espinosa, Paul A. Friedman, David O. Hodge, Thomas M. Munger, Co-burn J. Porter, Robert F. Rea, David L. Hayes, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Right ventricular pacing increases the risk of heart failure in adults with structural heart disease. The impact of prolonged right ventricular pacing in adults without structural heart disease is not fully characterized and may depend on interactions of pacing with abnormal substrate predisposing to ventricular dysfunction.We assessed the effect of right ventricular pacing in patients who underwent pacemaker implantation for isolated congenital atrioventricular block between 1964 and 2005. To assess for immunologic contribution to cardiac dysfunction, outcomes were compared between patients with (Ab(+)) and without (Ab(-)) antinuclear antibody during adulthood and an age- and sex-matched Olmsted County, Minnesota, population. Of 103 patients (mean+/-SD age, 32+/-19 years), 18 were Ab(+). Long-term survival free of new heart failure after pacemaker implantation in isolated congenital atrioventricular block patients was worse than in the matched population (P<0.001). This difference was attributable to the development of heart failure in 12 Ab(+) patients (67%; P<0.001), without differences between Ab(-) patients (2%) and the matched population (2%; P=0.7). Compared with baseline, at last follow-up, left ventricular ejection fraction did not decline in Ab(-) (53+/-9% to 57+/-12%) but decreased in Ab(+)(52+/-10% to 38+/-12%; P=0.03) patients. Survival was similar in Ab(-) patients and the Minnesota population (98%; P=0.7) but worse in Ab(+) patients (79%; P<0.01).The natural history of patients with isolated congenital atrioventricular block who require pacing depends upon their antibody status. Antinuclear antibody status was a predictor for the development of heart failure and death. Long-term right ventricular pacing alone does not appear to be associated with development of heart failure, deterioration in ventricular function, or reduced survival in Ab(-) isolated congenital atrioventricular block patients.
MYOSTATIN INHIBITION AFTER EXPERIMENTAL HEART FAILURE IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION AND MUSCLE WASTING
Authors: Estibaliz Castillero, Hirokazu Akashi, Ruiping Ji, Klara Pendrak, Marc Najjar, Robert Sorabella, Halit Yerebakan, Tomoe Shiomi, Catherine Wang, Ziad Ali, Donna Mancini, Jeannine D'Armiento, H. Lee Sweeney, P. Christian Schulze, Isaac George
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pressure on doctors to prescribe needs measuring directly
Authors: O C Ukoumunne, N Britten
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Ramsden et al found that there was no relation between general practitioners' confidence in the pharmacological efficacy of their prescriptions and the patients' expectations for prescriptions.1 They concluded that doctors are not pressurised into giving prescriptions they do not believe are of benefit. This contradicts our results, which were based …
Elective Surgery in Hemophilia
Authors: Thomas F. Newcomb
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IDEALLY, the management of a patient with hemophilia who is to undergo operation should provide for completely normal hemostasis throughout the surgical procedure and postoperative convalescence. In practice, it is difficult to achieve this, both from a technical point of view and from the point of view of expense to the patient. Accordingly, we have studied the dose-response relationship of factor VIII in order to define a hemostatic level. These studies have the advantage that there has been only one traumatized site and that the location and extent of the injury are fairly well known. <h3>Methods</h3> Factor VIII levels were measured by the method of Pool and Robinson.<sup>1</sup>This method was modified by obtaining several values during the generation of thromboplastic activity and using the average of the two shortest clotting times for purposes of converting to per cent of factor VIII activity. The factor VIII standard curve was obtained
Both bullous pemphigoid antigens are expressed in the central nervous system
Authors: A.O. Seppänen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Chen et al.1 present a formidable contribution to the literature associating bullous pemphigoid with psychiatric and neurological disease. They discuss the possibility of bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1) being a common autoantigen in these disorders as BPAG1 has both neural and dermal isoforms.2 However, we wish to elaborate on the discussion provided by Chen et al. in as much as bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPAG2), or collagen XVII, is likewise expressed in both the skin and central nervous system.3–5 Antibodies in the serum of patients with both bullous pemphigoid and neurological disease, primarily cerebrovascular disease, have indeed been shown by Li et al. to recognize proteins corresponding to BPAG1 in mouse brain extract.6 It is interesting, though, that inspection of the immunoblot data provided by Li et al. reveals that in one case the serum reacts with a 180‐kDa protein, which is compatible with BPAG2, and subsequent work7 found that sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid with neurological disease reacted with both 230‐ and 180‐kDa antigens in human brain extract, corresponding to BPAG1 and BPAG2, respectively. Also, in a reply to Foureur et al.,8 Wieland et al.9 specify that in their study of BPAG2 and BPAG1 autoantibodies in the serum of 337 individuals with no signs of bullous pemphigoid, of the 25 found to be positive, five had neurological diseases listed in their medical records. In all but one case, the amount of BPAG2 antibodies, as measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, was greater than that of BPAG1. These findings underline the possibility that BPAG2, the primary autoantigen in bullous pemphigoid,10 could also be a common aetiopathogenetic denominator in the dermatological and neurological disorders, feasibly in addition to BPAG1.