tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Four-Drug Regimens and Pairs of Sequential Three-Drug Regimens as Initial Therapy for HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Robert W. Shafer, Laura M. Smeaton, Gregory K. Robbins, Victor De Gruttola, Sally W. Snyder, Richard T. D'Aquila, Victoria A. Johnson, Gene D. Morse, Mostafa A. Nokta, Ana I. Martinez, Barbara M. Gripshover, Pamposh Kaul, Richard Haubrich, Mary Swingle, S. Debra McCarty, Stefano Vella, Martin S. Hirsch, Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

It is unclear whether therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should be initiated with a four-drug or two sequential three-drug regimens.
Complaints, Shetland Islands style
Authors: Paul Brooksby
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The gravestone inscription below confirms that naming and shaming has been part of the Shetland Islands complaints procedure for some years now: 

Donald Robertson (1785-1848) 

His death was much regretted which was caused by the stupidity of Laurence Tulloch in Clothister (Sullom) who sold him nitre instead of Epsom salts by which he was killed in the space of 5 hours after taking a dose of it.
The “Frost Sign” and the “Snow White Sign”: Intramucosal Air Injection or Peroxide Colitis?
Authors: B. Lapeyre
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

I read with interest the recent case report by Suzuki et al. [1] in which the authors describe seeing an “unusual white appearance” during colonoscopy, which was thought to be a direct consequence of intramucosal air injection during an endoscopic mucosal resection procedure. I found the endoscopic and pathological images highly suggestive of mucosal pseudolipomatosis, often referred to as the “snow white sign”. This condition is characterized histologically by the presence of optically empty, unlined spaces within the colorectal lamina propria, grossly similar to fat but actually accounted for by the presence of intramucosal gas [2]. Endoscopic examination reveals what are usually described as “white plaques” and these are sometimes seen to extend during the examination. It is a benign condition which regresses spontaneously, and usually causes transient mild symptoms or is asymptomatic.
Six Countries, Six Reform Models: The Healthcare Reform Experience of Israel, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and Taiwan: Healthcare Reforms “Under the Radar Screen”
Authors: Victor G. Rodwin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced Antitumor Response by Divergent Modulation of Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells in the Liver
Authors: Jeff J. Subleski, Veronica L. Hall, Timothy C. Back, John R. Ortaldo, Robert H. Wiltrout
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The use of interleukin-18 (IL-18) together with IL-12 induced high levels of IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice and regression of liver tumors that was abolished in IFN-γ(−/−) mice. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells were the major producers of IFN-γ in the livers of mice treated with IL-18 and/or IL-12. Liver NK cells were significantly increased by treatment with IL-18/IL-12, whereas the degree of liver NKT cell TCR detection was diminished by this treatment. Reduction of NK cells with anti-asGM1 decreased the antitumor activity of IL-18/IL-12 therapy and revealed NK cells to be an important component for tumor regression in the liver. In contrast, the antitumor effects of both IL-18 and IL-12 were further increased in CD1d(−/−) mice, which lack NKT cells. Our data, therefore, show that the antitumor activity induced in mice by IL-18/IL-12 is NK and IFN-γ dependent and is able to overcome an endogenous immunosuppressive effect of NKT cells in the liver microenvironment. These results suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches that enhance NK cell function while eliminating or altering NKT cells could be effective in the treatment of cancer in the liver. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 11005-12)
Hope for Hematopoietic Hormones
Authors: David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

When marrow sections are specially prepared to preserve their three-dimensional architecture, developing blood-cell precursors may be seen packed into fronds consisting of a meshwork of reticular fibroblastoid cells surrounded by endothelial cells. Mature blood cells must extricate themselves from the meshwork, traverse gaps between the endothelial cells, and plunge into the marrow sinus blood in which the undulating frond is bathed. Like a wandering log in the Suud of the Nile, the blood cell is carried through the vast morass of sinusoids until, finding a mainstream of circulation, it rushes to complete its relatively short life in the blood and . . .
Effect of smooth muscle activity on the static and dynamic elastic properties of the rabbit carotid artery
Authors: S. E GREENWALD, D. L NEWMAN, H. T DENYER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The variation of radius with pressure was measured in vitro in the carotid artery of ten rabbits. Experiments were performed without prior conditioning of the vessel, over an inflation-deflation cycle at pressures in the range 0 to 24 kPa during treatment with, and in the absence of noradrenaline (referred to as active and passive conditions). The effect of a step change in pressure (2.7 kPa) on the radius of the vessel was investigated on a further three specimens. Under passive conditions, the variation of the static and the real part of the dynamic incremental elastic modulus with pressure and stress was similar during both inflation and deflation. Under active conditions a large degree of pressure-radius hysteresis was observed. At physiological pressures smooth muscle activity was associated with a decrease in elastic modulus when compared to passive values at the same pressure or stress. At a stress above 2 x 10(5) N.m-2 yield of the constricted vessels was observed and on further inflation and subsequent deflation the pressure radius curve was identical to that obtained under passive conditions. We suggest that conditioning a vessel, by means of repeated inflation to a high pressure and deflation to zero pressure, before measuring its elastic properties may give misleading results when applied to the vessels of living animals.
THE INTESTINAL LESION IN ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: W. H. MANWARING
Journal: JAMA (1923)

One of the characteristic features of canine anaphylaxis is the development of a hemorrhagic lesion in the intestinal mucosa. This lesion is usually confined to the upper half or two thirds of the small intestine, but occasionally it extends as far as the ileocecal valve. It is always most marked in the duodenum. In the milder type of anaphylactic shock, although the mucosa is markedly hemorrhagic, little or no blood escapes into the intestinal lumen. In severer shocks the lumen may be filled with extravasated blood.  It is currently assumed that this hemorrhagic lesion is due to an intestinal engorgement, caused by an increased resistance to blood flow through the liver. 1 A mechanically increased hepatic resistance, however, sufficient to raise the portal blood pressure to the maximum portal pressure observed during anaphylactic shock does not produce this hemorrhagic change. 2 It seems probable, therefore, that factors other than passive
Oregon: A Better Method to Reallocate Resources?
Authors: Carl J. Schramm
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Fisher et al<sup>1</sup>discuss a method they have devised for identifying and measuring excess capacity in Oregon's hospital system. According to the authors, if Oregon's public policymakers applied this method to the state's hospitals, they could eliminate excess capacity (ie, close excess hospital beds) from the health care system. They would thus free substantial sums of money that could then be reallocated and used in ways that would obviate the need for Oregon's prioritization list of condition-treatment pairs. The method discussed by Fisher et al curtails opportunities for inappropriate care without declining to cover specific treatments and without attempting to contain costs by setting limits on total health care expenditures. Excess hospital capacity promotes economic inefficiencies that may have adverse consequences on the availability of See also p 1925. medical care. When monies are used to maintain inflated health care infrastructures, underutilized support
Broccoli Extract May Help Reduce UV Skin Damage
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nucleoside-nucleotide free diet protects rat colonic mucosa from damage induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid.
Authors: A A Adjei, T Morioka, C K Ameho, K Yamauchi, A D Kulkarni, H M Al-Mansouri, A Kawajiri, S Yamamoto
Journal: Gut (1996)

Growing evidence suggests that intestinal recovery from injury induced by radiation, endotoxin, and protein deficiency is improved by the ingestion of nucleosides and nucleotides.This study examined the effect of dietary nucleosides and nucleotides supplementation on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colonic damage in experimental colitis.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into two groups and fed nucleic acid free 20% casein diet (control) or this diet supplemented with 0.5% nucleoside-nucleotide mixture for four weeks. On the second week, colonic inflammation was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol containing 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Additionally, other sets of rats were treated with 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol, 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in 0.25 ml saline, or 0.25 ml of 0.9% saline.After two weeks, colon weight, macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group compared with the non-supplemented control groups. The same variables seen in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-ethanol group fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet were greater (p < 0.05) than in the rest of the groups fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet and treated with ethanol, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in saline, or saline. Histologically, segmental ulceration and inflammation associated with significantly increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts were observed in the supplemented group compared with the controls. In the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group the epithelial damage, mucosal erosion, oedema, and coagulative necrosis of the muscularis propria was more extensive in comparison to the non-supplemented control groups.This study suggests that dietary nucleosides and nucleotides may aggravate colonic damage and inflammation in chemically induced experimental colitis in rats; and that nucleoside-nucleotide free diet combined with other pharmacological agents may offer a better response.
Handbook of Medical Library Practice, vol 3: Health Science Librarianship and Administration
Authors: Arthur W. Hafner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Health Science Librarianship and Administration</i>is the third and final volume of the fourth edition of the<i>Handbook</i>published by the Medical Library Association (Chicago). The expansion from one volume to three and the time span for the completion of this edition illustrate the change and growing complexity that have occurred in health science librarianship since the publication of the third edition in 1970. With the many changes and additions that have been included, this publication can be regarded as a new work rather than a revised edition. Despite the time span for publication and multiple authorship, the editors have produced a work that is remarkably consistent in style and terminology. As with previous editions, the purpose of the<i>Handbook</i>remains the same: "to serve as a practical manual reflecting accepted current methods of organizing and providing service from information resources to users of health science libraries of all types,
Intravenous Caval Interruption for Pulmonary Embolism in Cardiac Disease
Authors: KAZI MOBIN-UDDIN, HOOSHANG BOLOOKI, JAMES R. JUDE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Surgical ligation or plication of the inferior vena cava in acutely ill patients with significant cardiopulmonary disease carries a high mortality. Intravenous interruption of the inferior vena cava by an intracaval umbrella-like device placed under local anesthesia has been performed in 15 patients with significant cardiac disease: 12 with chronic congestive heart failure and 3 with intractable heart failure and shock. There was one early death from heart failure and shock three days after caval interruption and three late deaths from congestive heart failure and one from ruptured sigmoid diverticulitis. The remaining ten patients are alive and well 2 months to 11½ months after caval interruption. There has been no further recurrence of pulmonary embolism.
The use of fresh frozen plasma or a concentrate of factor IX as replacement therapy before liver biopsy.
Authors: B G Gazzard, J M Henderson, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1975)

Thirty patients with various types of chronic liver disease and a prothrombin time prolonged for four or more seconds who required needle liver biopsy for diagnostic purposes were given either fresh frozen plasma or a concentrate of clotting factors as a prophylactic measure. The prothrombin time returned to within normal limits in seven of the 15 patients given the concentrate and in three of those receiving fresh frozen plasma. Levels of factors II, IX, and X showed increases of about 30% following concentrate administration; corresponding rises in the group given fresh frozen plasma were less. This was because of the smaller quantity of clotting factors administered with fresh frozen plasma and the increase in factor II and IX activity/kg body weight/unit of clotting factor injected was greater when fresh frozen plasma was used. In neither group was there clinical evidence of bleeding, but it was of interest that most of the clotting factor levels, except in factor II, before biopsy were above those normally required for haemostasis. No evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was found with the concentrate injection, and the most worrying finding was the appearance of HBAg some months later in three patients, two from the concentrate group and one from those given fresh frozen plasma. However, the conversion of these patients to HBAg positive may be unrelated to the clotting factor replacement therapy.
Mitochondrial Genome Acquisition Restores Respiratory Function and Tumorigenic Potential of Cancer Cells without Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: An S. Tan, James W. Baty, Lan-Feng Dong, Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta, Berwini Endaya, Jacob Goodwin, Martina Bajzikova, Jaromira Kovarova, Martin Peterka, Bing Yan, Elham Alizadeh Pesdar, Margarita Sobol, Anatolyj Filimonenko, Shani Stuart, Magdalena Vondrusova, Katarina Kluckova, Karishma Sachaphibulkij, Jakub Rohlena, Pavel Hozak, Jaroslav Truksa, David Eccles, Larisa M. Haupt, Lyn R. Griffiths, Jiri Neuzil, Michael V. Berridge
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Calcium transport in the pars recta and thin descending limb of Henle of the rabbit, perfused in vitro.
Authors: D Rouse, R C Ng, W N Suki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Unidirectional calcium flux (JCa) in the superficial pars recta and thin descending limb of Henle (DLH) was examined by the isolated tubule microperfusion technic using 45Ca as the isotopic tracer. In the pars recta sequential measurements of lumen-to-bath flux (JlbCa) and bath-to-lumen flux (JblCa) revealed: JlbCa 22.4 +/- 4.18, JblCa 7.97 +/- 1.95, and calculated net efflux of calcium (JnetCa 13.0 +/- 1.74 peq min-1 mm-u. To measure JnetCa directly, 45Ca of identical specific activity was used to bathe and perfuse the tubule. These studies revealed: JlbCa 14.1 +/- 1.33, JnetCa 11.2 +/- 1.15, and calculated JblCa 2.91 +/- 0.49 peq min-1 mm-1. The addition of ouabain (10 microM) resulted in a rise in potential difference and a fall in water absorption, but not a statistically significant change in JnetCa. Tubules studies at 25 degrees C bath temperature, showed no significant JnetCa, and upon heating the bath to 37 degrees C, showed JnetCa of 3.75--5.00 peg min-1 mm-1. Unidirectional and net efflux studies in six DLH showed no significant transport of calcium. These studies demonstrate substantial active absorption of calcium by the superficial pars recta, which is not inhibitable by ouabain but is inhibited by lowering bath temperature to 25 degrees C. No significant calcium transport was found in the DLH using identical technics.
Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in Southeast Asia
Authors: K Supparatpinyo, C Khamwan, V Baosoung, T Sirisanthana, K.E Nelson
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

Disseminated infection with the fungal pathogen Penicillium marneffei is, after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis, the third most common opportunistic infection in HIV disease in northern Thailand. We report the clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features of a large series of HIV-infected adults with disseminated P marneffei infection. From August, 1987, to June, 1992, 92 patients with P marneffei infection confirmed by culture were seen at Chiang Mai University Hospital, of whom 86 were also infected with HIV. Clinical information was available for 80 of these patients. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were fever (92%), anaemia (77%), weight loss (76%), and skin lesions (71%). 87% of patients presenting with skin lesions had generalised papules with central umbilication. Presumptive diagnosis was made in 50 patients by microscopic examination of Wright's-stained bone-marrow aspirate and/or touch smears of skin biopsy or lymph-node biopsy specimens. Most patients who were diagnosed responded initially to amphotericin or itraconazole, whereas most who were not diagnosed and treated died. 12 patients relapsed within 6 months of cessation of treatment. P marneffei has become an important pathogen of HIV-associated opportunistic infection in Thailand.Penicillium marneffei (PM) is the only Penicillium species which is dimorphic and can cause systemic mycosis in human beings; it is endemic in southeast Asia and China. The prevalence of PM infection has increased substantially during the past few years, occurring exclusively among patients infected with HIV. After extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis, disseminated infection with PM is the most common opportunistic infection of HIV disease in northern Thailand. The clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features of a large series of well-documented cases have not, however, been reported. The authors describe the clinical and laboratory features of 80 HIV-infected adults with disseminated PM infection seen over the period August 1987 - June 1992 at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Subjects were of mean age 32.4 years in a range of 18-63. 74 subjects were male and 76 acquired HIV via heterosexual relations. Fever was present in 92%, anemia in 77%, weight loss in 76%, and skin lesions in 71%, while 87% of patients presenting with skin lesions had generalized papules with central umbilication. Most patients who were diagnosed responded initially to amphotericin or itraconazole, while most who were not diagnosed and treated died. More precisely, 40 of the 68 patients treated responded to the therapy. Twelve patients relapsed within six months of cessation of treatment.
Rituximab Extended Schedule or Re-Treatment Trial for Low–Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Protocol E4402
Authors: Brad S. Kahl, Fangxin Hong, Michael E. Williams, Randy D. Gascoyne, Lynne I. Wagner, John C. Krauss, Thomas M. Habermann, Lode J. Swinnen, Stephen J. Schuster, Christopher G. Peterson, Mark D. Sborov, S. Eric Martin, Matthias Weiss, W. Christopher Ehmann, Sandra J. Horning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In low-tumor burden follicular lymphoma (FL), maintenance rituximab (MR) has been shown to improve progression-free survival when compared with observation. It is not known whether MR provides superior long-term disease control compared with re-treatment rituximab (RR) administered on an as-needed basis. E4402 (RESORT) was a randomized clinical trial designed to compare MR against RR.Eligible patients with previously untreated low-tumor burden FL received four doses of rituximab, and responding patients were randomly assigned to either RR or MR. Patients receiving RR were eligible for re-treatment at each disease progression until treatment failure. Patients assigned to MR received a single dose of rituximab every 3 months until treatment failure. The primary end point was time to treatment failure. Secondary end points included time to first cytotoxic therapy, toxicity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).A total of 289 patients were randomly assigned to RR or MR. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the estimated median time to treatment failure was 3.9 years for patients receiving RR and 4.3 years for those receiving MR (P = .54). Three-year freedom from cytotoxic therapy was 84% for those receiving RR and 95% for those receiving MR (P = .03). The median number of rituximab doses was four patients receiving RR and 18 for those receiving MR. There was no difference in HRQOL. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities were infrequent in both arms.In low-tumor burden FL, a re-treatment strategy uses less rituximab while providing disease control comparable to that achieved with a maintenance strategy.