tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLISM OF I131 LABELED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE WITH AND WITHOUT PROTEINURIA
Authors: Arthur Bauman, Marcus A. Rothschild, Rosalyn S. Yalow, Solomon A. Berson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

The role of serum albumin in the causation of cardiac edema has been disputed. Starling (1) postulated that circulatory stasis resulting from cardiac insufficiency is responsible for anoxia and increased permeability of the capillary membrane, the consequence of which is the passage of albumin and water into the extravascular spaces. Although Smirk (2) observed evidence of increased capillary permeability to water and crystalloids in congestive heart failure, Stead and Warren (3) demonstrated, by direct analysis, that the protein concentration of cardiac edema fluid was not elevated above that of the edema fluid produced by tourniquet stasis in normal subjects. Other studies have directed attention to the low serum albumin concentrations occasionally encountered in heart failure (4-7), and have suggested or implied (4, 8) a causal relationship to the pathogenesis of cardiac edema. Abnormalities in liver function tests and morphologic evidence of liver injury in severe congestive failure (9-14) have appeared to strengthen the possibility that hepatic synthesis of albumin may be impaired in this condition. Alternatively, low serum albumin concentrations have been attributed to inadequate dietary protein intake or poor absorption from a congested gastrointestinal tract (15, 16). Since the plasma concentration of albumin is not an adequate measure of the total quantity of circulating and extravascular albumin stores, it was of interest to measure the amount of total exchangeable albumin in subjects with heart failure employing I'8l labeled albumin as a tracer. The rate of metabolism of I18l labeled albumin was also studied with the aim of evaluating the ability of the subject in heart failure to synthesize albumin. Although there may yet remain some reservations regarding the validity of this tracer in the
Neoadjuvant anastrozole versus tamoxifen in patients receiving goserelin for premenopausal breast cancer (STAGE): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Norikazu Masuda, Yasuaki Sagara, Takayuki Kinoshita, Hiroji Iwata, Seigo Nakamura, Yasuhiro Yanagita, Reiki Nishimura, Hirotaka Iwase, Shunji Kamigaki, Hiroyuki Takei, Shinzaburo Noguchi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
The growth inhibitory effects of vitamins K and their actions on gene expression
Authors: Ziqiu Wang, Meifang Wang, Frances Finn, Brian I. Carr
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A characteristic defect occurs in rat and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting in a loss of function of the vitamin K-dependent enzyme gamma-glutamyl-carboxylase in the tumor but not in the underlying liver. This causes the secretion of elevated levels of the immature or des-gamma-carboxylated form of prothrombin, which is used as a marker of HCC. We investigated whether, using the defined conditions of growing HCC cell lines in tissue culture, addition of the naturally occurring vitamins K1 or K2 or the synthetic vitamin K3 could influence the secretion of immature prothrombin. We found that vitamins K1, K2 and K3 all suppressed the secretion of immature prothrombin into the tissue culture medium. Vitamins K2 and K3 were also found to inhibit growth of the HCC cell line, in an apparently nontoxic and reversible manner. The influence of the vitamins K on the expression of some genes related to vitamin K action was examined and compared with that of another growth inhibitor, TGF beta 1 protein. The vitamins K were found to increase the expression of prothrombin and carboxylase messenger RNA and c-myc messenger RNA, but had no effects on the expression of TGF beta 1 messenger RNA. By contrast, TGF beta 1 increased TGF beta 1 messenger RNA levels, but had no effects on the other genes, suggesting a different pathway. The previously studied vitamin K3-mediated inhibition of growth was antagonized by the addition of catalase to the culture medium, but the inhibitory effects of vitamin K2 were not antagonized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Common Difficulties in Infant Feeding
Authors: R. S. Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MBRwAL JOURMLUHealing was most pronounced in the lesions of secondary syphilis, and in these the response was as dramatic as that obtained with penicillin, perhaps even more so.One case is known to have relapsed.It is very unlikely that the small doses given were curative, although 250 mg.given four times a day for a week might well be.It is concluded that aureomycin has a marked action upon human syphilis and opens up a new field of therapeutic investigation.The above work was carried out during the course of a venerealdisease investigation conducted for the Health Department of the Government of Southern Rhodesia, to whom acknowledgments are due.I would also like to thank Dr.
G.P.s and Family Planning
Authors: G. J. Drabu
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cycling cells must respond to double-strand breaks (DSBs) to avoid genome instability. Mis-segregation of chromosomes with DSBs during mitosis results in micronuclei, aberrant structures linked to disease. How cells respond to DSBs during mitosis is incompletely understood. We previously showed that <i>Drosophila</i> papillar cells lack DSB checkpoints (as observed in many cancer cells). Here, we show that papillar cells still recruit early-acting repair machinery (Mre11 and RPA3) to DSBs. This machinery persists as foci on DSBs as cells enter mitosis. Repair foci are resolved in a step-wise manner during mitosis. Repair signaling kinetics at DSBs depends on both monoubiquitination of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) protein Fancd2 and the alternative end-joining protein DNA Polymerase Theta. Disruption of either or both of these factors causes micronuclei after DNA damage, which disrupts intestinal organogenesis. This study reveals a mechanism for how cells with inactive DSB checkpoints can respond to DNA damage that persists into mitosis. <h3>Summary</h3> Clay et. al. show that cells with DNA breaks that persist into mitosis activate sustained DNA repair signaling, regulated by Fanconi Anemia proteins and the alternative end-joining repair protein DNA Polymerase Theta. This signaling enables broken chromosome segregation and prevents micronuclei.
In the Blood Center at Brigham &amp;amp; Women's
Authors: Ellen Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Everything turned inside-out bright vein climbing out of your wrist through the hole of the needle and into the machine, where platelets are skimmed out like cream. In the tube that leads back into you nothing changes, still the same terrifying red. I am holding the cup as you drink, leaning over the chair with its Velcro straps. Your sister waits upstairs in the isolation chamber, her scalp prickly with new hair, her body overrun by its own defenses. You ask if I will take this as normal, if I remember lifting my mother's swollen hand, saying,<i>/ will give anything, not to be the one living, the one left behind</i>.
Effect of Hepatitis G Virus Infection on Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Eiji Tanaka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To clarify the effect of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection on chronic hepatitis C. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: University hospital in Matsumoto, Japan. Patients: 189 randomly selected patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C, including 101 patients receiving interferon-α. Measurements: Serum levels of HGV RNA were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical features, including liver histologic findings, hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers, and response of HCV to interferon-α were compared between HGV RNA-positive and HGV RNA-negative patients. Results: 21 of 189 (11%) patients with chronic hepatitis C were positive for HGV RNA. On average, patients with HGV RNA were younger than those without HGV RNA (mean age ±SD, 46.6 ± 13.0 years and 51.7 ± 10.7 years, respectively); other demographic and clinical features were similar. The HCV genotype and HCV RNA level were distributed similarly between patients with and those without HGV infection. Ten of 101 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received interferon-α were positive for HGV RNA. The rate of sustained HCV response to interferon-α in patients with HGV infection (30%) was similar to that in patients without HGV infection (36%). The HGV RNA level decreased during therapy in all 9 patients in whom this value was measured. However, only 2 of these patients had a sustained HGV response after discontinuation of therapy. Conclusions: Patients who only had HCV infection did not differ from patients with HCV and HGV co-infection in clinical presentation, HCV RNA level, or response of HCV to interferon-α therapy. Thus, HGV infection had no apparent influence on the clinical or virologic course of HCV infection. Hepatitis G virus was uniformly sensitive to interferon-α therapy, but only a few patients had a sustained virologic response.
934-25 Video Densitometric Analysis of Intracoronary Ultrasound Images-Anatomopathologic Correlation
Authors: Hugo F. Londero, Ruben Laguens, Juan M. Telayna, Pedro Gonzalez, Fernando A. de la Serna, Jorge N. Wisner, Eduardo E. Magariños, Oscar A. Mendiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
DOES FOCAL LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT AT THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR INSERTION POINTS MATTER IN RISK STRATIFICATION FOR SUDDEN DEATH IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY?
Authors: Raymond H. Chan, Barry Maron, Iacopo Olivotto, Gabriele Assenza, John Lesser, Tammy Haas, Christiane Gruner, Andrew Creane, Harry Rakowski, James Udelson, Ethan Rowin, Benedetta Tomberli, Paolo Spirito, Francesco Formisano, Elena Biagini, Claudio Rapezzi, Carlo Nicola De Cecco, Camillo Autore, Earl Cook, Susie Hong, C. Michael Gibson, Warren Manning, Evan Appelbaum, Martin Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tylosis and oesophageal carcinoma.
Authors: R O Hughes, J Price
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Tylosis and Oesophageal Carcinoma SIR,-Some new data' on the association be- tween tylosis and squamous celled carcinoma of the oesophagus is consistent with the suggestion,' based on a genetical analysis, that the gene responsible is at a single auto- somal locus.There are resemblances between structure of the oesophageal mucosa (in mammalian species other than man) and the FIG.1.-Human thick skin (sole of foot).C= Stratum corneum, L =Stratumn lucidum, and G='Straturn granulosum.H & E x 115.
DNA Methylation Profiling in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Reveals Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
Authors: Aguirre A. de Cubas, Esther Korpershoek, Lucia Inglada-Pérez, Eric Letouzé, Maria Currás-Freixes, Agustin F. Fernández, Iñaki Comino-Méndez, Francesca Schiavi, Veronika Mancikova, Graeme Eisenhofer, Massimo Mannelli, Guiseppe Opocher, Henri Timmers, Felix Beuschlein, Ronald de Krijger, Alberto Cascon, Cristina Rodríguez-Antona, Mario F. Fraga, Judith Favier, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Mercedes Robledo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, associated with highly variable postoperative evolution. The scarcity of reliable PPGL prognostic markers continues to complicate patient management. In this study, we explored genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the context of PPGL malignancy to identify novel prognostic markers. Experimental Design: We retrospectively investigated DNA methylation patterns in PPGL with and without metastases using high-throughput DNA methylation profiling data (Illumina 27K) from two large, well-characterized discovery (n = 123; 24 metastatic) and primary validation (n = 154; 24 metastatic) series. Additional validation of candidate CpGs was performed by bisulfite pyrosequencing in a second independent set of 33 paraffin-embedded PPGLs (19 metastatic). Results: Of the initial 86 candidate CpGs, we successfully replicated 52 (47 genes), associated with metastatic PPGL. Of these, 48 CpGs showed significant associations with time to progression even after correcting for SDHB genotype, suggesting their value as prognostic markers independent of genetic background. Hypermethylation of RDBP (negative elongation factor complex member E) in metastatic tumors was further validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing [Δβmetastatic-benign = 0.29, P = 0.003; HR, 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–2.0; P = 0.018] and may alter transcriptional networks involving (RERG, GPX3, and PDZK1) apoptosis, invasion, and maintenance of DNA integrity. Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study of DNA methylation in metastatic PPGL that identifies and validates prognostic markers, which could be used for stratifying patients according to risk of developing metastasis. Of the three CpGs selected for further validation, one (RDBP) was clearly confirmed and could be used for stratifying patients according to the risk of developing metastases. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 3020–30. ©2015 AACR.
Repeated aspiration of breast abscesses in lactating women.
Authors: J. M. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Responses of80 paediatricians questioned about management of urinary tract infection in childrenResponse Yes No Equivocal(1) Do you have a rigid policy for managing all urinary tract infections?36 from their babies and family. CommentBreast abscesses in lactating women are now un- common.2This is probably because many women with sepsis of the breast are treated successfully with
Case 48-1963
Authors: Mitchell T. Rabkin, E. Dillwyn Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA forty-nine-year-old unmarried chef was admitted to the hospital because of bloody diarrhea.Six months previously the patient began to experience feverish and chilly sensations associated with diarrhea, which rapidly increased in severity, with the daily passage of 5 or 6 watery stools that often contained blood and mucus. The episodes of diarrhea frequently awakened him, were usually preceded by mild, crampy abdominal pain and were aggravated by the ingestion of coffee and fruit. He became markedly anorectic and lost over 20 pounds in weight. Two weeks before entry nausea and vomiting, with some blood streaking, developed. . . .
Post-mortem size and structure of the human carotid body: Its relation to pulmonary disease and cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: D. Heath, C. Edwards, P. Harris
Journal: Thorax (1970)

The weights of the carotid bodies have been measured in an unselected group of 40 successive cases coming for routine necropsy. Although the mean weight of the carotid bodies was higher in those subjects with emphysema or Pickwickian syndrome, this difference did not reach a level of statistical significance. Nevertheless, in a group of two patients with cor pulmonale and one with the Pickwickian syndrome the mean weight of the carotid bodies was significantly higher than that of the rest. Such observations would be consistent with enlargement of the glomic tissue in response to chronic hypoxia. In addition to these observations there was a significant correlation between the size of the carotid bodies and the weights of the left and right ventricles separately, while there was a substantially higher correlation between the weights of the carotid bodies and the combined weights of the two ventricles. Should such a correlation be determined by a causative link between these two measurements, a new metabolic role of glomic tissue will have to be considered. The histology of the carotid bodies was studied and differential cell counts were carried out in 21 cases. Enlargement of the carotid bodies was not accompanied by any change in the differential cell count, except that in one case with `cor pulmonale9 and large carotid bodies areas of hyperplasia showed a predominance of the dark variety of type 1 (chief) cell.
MPs attack NHS for putting finances and targets ahead of patient safety
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

MPs have warned that England’s current patient safety policy has important failings. The government needs to act urgently to ensure that cases of bad care, such as happened at Mid-Staffordshire Foundation NHS Trust ( BMJ 2009;338:b1141, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1141), are not repeated, they have said.

The health select committee’s report on patient safety says that incidents are under-reported, largely because of the NHS’s persistent failure to eliminate the “blame culture.” It says that the government remains largely unsupportive of whistleblowers and that the Department of Health needs to improve this situation.

The committee acknowledged that the government has undertaken a number of important steps to tackle safety, such as creating the National Patient Safety Agency. But it said that too often NHS boards pay more attention to governance, finances, and targets than to putting the safety of patients first.

The committee’s chairman, Kevin Barron, said, “Our report highlights many areas where …
Gatekeeper Mutations Mediate Resistance to BRAF-Targeted Therapies
Authors: Steven Whittaker, Ruth Kirk, Robert Hayward, Alfonso Zambon, Amaya Viros, Neus Cantarino, Annette Affolter, Arnaud Nourry, Dan Niculescu-Duvaz, Caroline Springer, Richard Marais
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

BRAF is a serine-threonine-specific protein kinase that is mutated in 2% of human cancers. Oncogenic BRAF is a validated therapeutic target that constitutively activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, driving tumor cell proliferation and survival. Drugs designed to target BRAF have been developed, but it is difficult to prove that they mediate their antitumor effects by inhibiting BRAF rather than by working through off-target effects. We generated drug-resistant versions of oncogenic BRAF by mutating the gatekeeper residue. Signaling by the mutant proteins was resistant to the small-molecule inhibitor sorafenib, but sorafenib still inhibited the growth of tumors driven by the mutant protein. In contrast, both BRAF signaling and tumor growth were resistant to another RAF drug, PLX4720. These data provide unequivocal evidence that sorafenib mediates its antitumor effects in a manner that is independent of its ability to target oncogenic BRAF, whereas PLX4720 inhibits tumor growth by targeting oncogenic BRAF directly.
684 LIVER GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURE TO PREDICT RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: A. Ducès, I. Bièche, B. Jardin-Watelet, M. Lapalus, S. De Muynck, E. Dupas, I. Molina, N. Lambert, E. Nicolas, B. Sallenave, E. Estrabaud, N. Jullian, M. Martinot-Peignoux, O. Lada, V. Paradis, D. Valla, P. Bedossa, D. Laune, M. Vidaud, P. Marcellin, T. Asselah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Combined thromboxane A2synthetase inhibition and receptor blockade are effective in preventing spontaneous and epinephrine-induced canine coronary cyclic flow variations
Authors: Sheng-Kun Yao, Mark Rosolowsky, H.Vernon Anderson, Paolo Golino, Janice M. NcNatt, Fred de Clerck, L.Maximilian Buja, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Congenital coronary artery disease
Authors: Andrew James Burton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

My 13 year old son Tom was known to have congenital valvular heart disease affecting all of his valves. The severity of the valve disease was classified by the consultant paediatric cardiologist he saw regularly as relatively mild.

At his last review, 15 months before he died, we gave a cardiologist a history of central chest pain on extremes of exertion or cold. There were four or five particularly memorable episodes. One was climbing a mountain, when the pain subsided promptly with rest. Another was in a cold swimming pool, and the pain subsided within minutes of warming …
Access Site Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Ataturk Hospital Experience
Authors: Cenk Sarı, Telat Keleş, Tahir Durmaz, Abdullah Nabi Aslan, Serdal Baştuğ, Hüseyin Ayhan, Murat Akçay, Emine Bilen, Nihal Akar Bayram, Ömer Faruk Çiçek, Mehmet Burak Özen, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Acute Renal Failure Complicating Submersion in Sea Water
Authors: Henry Grausz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Acute renal failure is a recognized complication of near-drowning in fresh water and is generally attributed to the combination of hemolysis and hypotension. Hemolysis does not result from aspiration of sea water, and renal failure has not been regarded as a complication of near-drowning in salt water. In the present report two cases of acute and reversible oliguric renal failure followed episodes of submersion in sea water. Hemolysis was not present. We concluded that acute renal failure in both patients represented acute tubular necrosis resulting from a combination of hypoxia and hypotension.
1009 QUANTITATION OF STEATOSIS BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) AND SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) IN LIVER DISEASE: EFFECT OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS
Authors: S. Mcpherson, G. Cowin, P. O'Rourke, A. Volp, L. Horsfall, L. Burke, J. Jonsson, A. Clouston, J. Fawcett, G. Galloway, M. Benson, E. Powell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts.
Authors: R I Rubinstein, A D Askenase, D Thickman, M S Feldman, J B Agarwal, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To assess the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating graft patency after coronary bypass surgery, 20 patients who had prior surgery (average 5.5 years, range 1.5 to 14) and recent cardiac catheterization because of chest pain were studied. No patient had surgical intervention or change in symptoms in the time interval between catheterization and MR imaging. These 20 patients had a total of 47 grafts, defined as proximal anastomoses: 20 to the left anterior descending or diagonal artery (LAD), 13 to the left circumflex artery marginal branches (LCX), and 14 to the right coronary artery or posterior descending artery (RCA). The patients underwent cardiac and respiratory gated MR scans in a 0.5 tesla magnet with an echo time of 22 msec and two repetitions in a 128 X 256 matrix. In-plane resolution was 2.7 mm. Every patient had a scan in the transaxial plane and some underwent scanning in the sagittal and coronal planes as well. A graft was considered patent by MR when a signal-free lumen was visualized in an anatomic position consistent with that of a bypass graft, had a lumen larger than the native vessels, was seen on more than one slice, and was seen at a level higher than that of the native vessels. If a known graft was not seen it was considered occluded. The scans were interpreted by consensus of two physicians aware of the operative but not the cardiac catheterization data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
981-48 Washout Rate of Cardiac 123 I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Reflects Cardiac Chronotropic Reserve and Exercise Capacity In Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hideki Fujita, Hiroshi Yamabe, Masanori Iwahashi, Takashi Yano, Susik Kim, Kazumi Maeda, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)