tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructing Shedding of the Immunostimulatory MHC Class I Chain–Related Gene B Prevents Tumor Formation
Authors: Jennifer D. Wu, Catherine L. Atteridge, Xuanjun Wang, Tsukasa Seya, Stephen R. Plymate
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Clinical observations have suggested that shedding of the MHC class I chain–related molecule (MIC) may be one of the mechanisms by which tumors evade host immunosurveillance and progress. However, this hypothesis has never been proven. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using a prostate tumor model and investigated the effect of shedding of MIC on tumor development. Experimental Design: We generated a shedding-resistant noncleavable form of MICB (MICB.A2). We overexpressed MICB.A2, the wild-type MICB, and the recombinant soluble MICB (rsMICB) in mouse prostate tumor TRAMP-C2 (TC2) cells and implanted these cells into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Results: No tumors were developed in animals that were implanted with TC2-MICB.A2 cells, whereas all the animals that were implanted with TC2, TC2-MICB, or TC2-rsMICB cells developed tumors. When a NKG2D-specific antibody CX5 or purified rsMICB was administered to animals before tumor implantation, all animals that were implanted with TC2-MICB.A2 cells developed tumors. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed the loss of NKG2D-mediated natural killer cell function in these prechallenged animals, suggesting that persistent levels of soluble MICB in the serum can impair natural killer cell function and thus allow tumor growth. Conclusions: These data suggest that MIC shedding may contribute significantly to tumor formation by transformed cells and that inhibition of MIC shedding to sustain the NKG2D receptor-MIC ligand recognition may have potential clinical implication in targeted cancer treatment.
Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide
Authors: Alessandra Larocca, Federica Cavallo, Sara Bringhen, Francesco Di Raimondo, Anna Falanga, Andrea Evangelista, Maide Cavalli, Anfisa Stanevsky, Paolo Corradini, Sara Pezzatti, Francesca Patriarca, Michele Cavo, Jacopo Peccatori, Lucio Catalano, Angelo Michele Carella, Anna Maria Cafro, Agostina Siniscalchi, Claudia Crippa, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Dina Ben Yehuda, Eloise Beggiato, Tommaso Caravita Di Toritto, Mario Boccadoro, Arnon Nagler, Antonio Palumbo
Journal: Blood (2011)
Inherited variants of MYH associated with somatic G:C→T:A mutations in colorectal tumors
Authors: Nada Al-Tassan, Nikolas H. Chmiel, Julie Maynard, Nick Fleming, Alison L. Livingston, Geraint T. Williams, Angela K. Hodges, D. Rhodri Davies, Sheila S. David, Julian R. Sampson, Jeremy P. Cheadle
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Coverage and yield of entry and follow-up screening for tuberculosis among new immigrants
Authors: C. Erkens, E. Slump, M. Kamphorst, S. Keizer, P. J. H. J. van Gerven, R. Bwire, M. Berkel, M. W. Borgdorff, S. Verver
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of entry screening for tuberculosis and biannual follow-up screening among new immigrants in the Netherlands. To achieve this, the present authors analysed screening, prevalence and incidence data of 68,122 immigrants, who were followed for 29 months. Patients diagnosed within 5 months and 6–29 months after entry screening were considered to be detected at entry and during the follow-up period, respectively. Coverage of the second to fifth screening rounds was 59, 46, 36 and 34%, respectively. Yield of entry screening was 119 per 100,000 individuals, and prevalence at entry was 131 per 100,000. Average yield of follow-up screening was highest among immigrants with abnormalities on chest radiography (CXR) at entry (902 per 100,000 individuals). When excluding these, yield of follow-up screening was 9, 37 and 97 per 100,000 screenings for immigrants from countries with tuberculosis incidences of &lt;100, 100–200 and &gt;200 per 100,000, respectively. The incidence during follow-up in individuals with a normal CXR was 11, 58 and 145 per 100,000 person-yrs follow-up in these groups. The proportion of cases detected through screening declined per screening round from 91 to 31%. Yield of entry screening was high. Overall coverage and yield of follow-up screening was low. Follow-up screening of immigrants with a normal chest radiograph from countries with an incidence of &lt;200 per 100,000 individuals was therefore discontinued.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in continuing care settings: time for a rethink?
Authors: Simon P Conroy, Tony Luxton, Robert Dingwall, Rowan H Harwood, John R F Gladman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is rarely successful in people who are old or frail, but current policy guidance fails to take this into accountThe potential benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the likelihood of failure or adverse effects, are not the same for everyone.Current NHS guidelines require staff to involve patients and their families in resuscitation decisions in accordance with local policies. 1 2However, strict application of these guidelines to people in continuing care settings (such as care homes or community hospitals) potentially diverts staff time and resources away from core elements of care, for limited benefit.We question whether it is ethically appropriate to require all institutions to provide resuscitation. Current positionCurrent guidelines apply to NHS and other establishments including hospitals, general practices, and residential care homes.The guidelines recognise that cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not always appropriate and that, when it is, some patients will refuse it.However, all institutions are required to have a policy on resuscitation and should provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless an overt decision has been made to the contrary. Rates of survival Acute hospitals4][5] One third to one half of survivors will have new, moderate to severe functional or neurological impairment 3 6 w1-w3 as defined by the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories. 7The patients with the best chances have minimal comorbidity, receive prompt defibrillation, and the shortest period of resuscitation. 6 Public placesCardiopulmonary resuscitation in public places such as airports and supermarkets, in particular using automatic external defibrillators, is sometimes successful.The recipient is likely to have been previously
Effects of cardiac resynchronization with biventricular pacing on the symptoms, left ventricular function, and hemodynamic data of the patients with heart failure and increased QRS duration
Authors: Marco Metra, Antonio Curnis, Giosué Mascioli, Luca Bontempi, Roberto Procopio, Lidia Culot, Savina Nodari, Livio Dei Cas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A retrospective evaluation of COMPACT predictions of the outcome of NTP rodent carcinogenicity testing.
Authors: D F Lewis, C Ioannides, D V Parke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The carcinogenic potentials of 40 National Toxicology Program chemicals previously predicted by Computer Optimised Molecular Parametric Analysis for Chemical Toxicity (COMPACT), based on the identification of potential substrates of cytochromes P4501A and 2E (CYP1A and CYP2E), have been compared with new rodent carcinogenicity results. The COMPACT predictions have also been compared with published Ames mutagenicity data and with our own Hazardexpert predictions for carcinogenicity. Concordance evaluations between rodent carcinogenicity (1/4 segments positive) and predictions by COMPACT or Hazardexpert were 64% for COMPACT (CYP1A only), 72% for COMPACT (CYP1A plus CYP2E), 70% for Hazardexpert alone, and 86% for COMPACT (CYP1A plus CYP2E) plus Hazardexpert. Sensitivities of the predictions were for COMPACT, 75%; Hazardexpert, 60%; and Ames, 54%. Positive predictivities were for COMPACT, 75%; Hazardexpert, 78%; and Ames 81%. Negative predictivites were for COMPACT, 62%; Hazardexpert, 52%; and Ames, 42%.
The Coming Election of Direct Representatives
Authors: C. G. Wheelhouse, B. W. Foster, J. G. Glover
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Integrated antibiotic resistance (AR) surveillance is one of the objectives of the World Health Organization global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the most important receptors and sources of environmental AR. On the basis of the consistent observation of an increasing north-to-south clinical AR prevalence in Europe, this study compared the influent and final effluent of 12 UWTPs located in seven countries (Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Cyprus, Germany, Finland, and Norway). Using highly parallel quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 229 resistance genes and 25 mobile genetic elements. This first trans-Europe surveillance showed that UWTP AR profiles mirror the AR gradient observed in clinics. Antibiotic use, environmental temperature, and UWTP size were important factors related with resistance persistence and spread in the environment. These results highlight the need to implement regular surveillance and control measures, which may need to be appropriate for the geographic regions.
Alpha-skeletal actin is associated with increased contractility in the mouse heart.
Authors: T E Hewett, I L Grupp, G Grupp, J Robbins
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

BALB/c mice express abnormally high levels of alpha-skeletal actin in the heart, which may be related to a duplication in the promoter of the alpha-cardiac actin gene. To evaluate the effects of overexpression of the alpha-skeletal actin isoform on cardiac contractile function, we studied these mice using the isolated perfused work-performing murine heart model and measured actin isoform expression in the same hearts. We quantified myocardial contractility from the maximum rate of contraction (+dP/dt) and time to peak pressure and relaxation from -dP/dt and time to half relaxation of left intraventricular pressure. Dot blots of total RNA hybridized against oligonucleotide sequences specific for either alpha-skeletal or alpha-cardiac actin mRNA showed that increased levels of alpha-skeletal actin RNA correlated significantly with increased contractility of hearts from the BALB/c mice (r = .80, n = 15, P &lt; .001). The present study demonstrates a significant functional correlation between alpha-actin isoform content and cardiac contractile function and also that alpha-skeletal actin may promote an increased contractile function in the heart compared with alpha-cardiac actin.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OCULAR FINDINGS IN ESTIMATING LONGEVITY
Authors: WILLIAM CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Since many of the graver morbid processes of the body are attended at some time or other in their course with changes within the eye, it seems extraordinary that life-insurance examiners do not avail themselves oftener of the aid which ophthalmic science offers them. There is scarcely an organic disease of the nervous system without ocular complications and the earliest signs of circulatory disturbance can frequently be unmasked by the ophthalmoscope. The proper recognition of the initial pupillary changes in tabes and paresis and of a commencing sclerosis of the retinal vessels in Bright's disease might often serve to warn the examiner and to recommend the rejection of an applicant for insurance who manifested no other signs of ill health. It would be beyond the scope of this paper to attempt an epitome of the ocular symptoms to which disease of the general system may give rise, so I will
Abstract 4228: Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) reduces inflammatory breast cancer progression via protein synthesis inhibition
Authors: Raysa Rosario-Acevedo, Luis A. Cubano, Suranganie F. Dharmawardhane, Michelle M. Martinez-Montemayor
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The anti-cancer effects of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) were tested as a potential therapeutic for Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC). IBC is a rare, lethal and aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer that manifests itself without a typical tumor mass. Studies suggest that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth via the regulation of protein synthesis. The mTOR effectors for protein synthesis are eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). The 4EBP-eIF4E complex exerts control over cap-dependent translation, while p70S6K stimulates eIF4F translation of specific mRNAs with highly structured 5′UTRs, promoting cell growth, and tumor progression. In IBC the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF4GI is overexpressed, which reprograms protein synthesis for cap-independent translation via increased initiation of internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation. eIF4GI increased mRNA translation is partly responsible for the unique IBC pathological properties: overexpression of E-cadherin, strong homotypic IBC cell interaction, and formation of tumor emboli to promote IBC cell invasion. Using the patient derived IBC cell line, SUM 149, we previously demonstrated that Reishi extract selectively inhibits IBC cell growth and invasion by downregulating the expression of genes involved in invasion, survival and proliferation, and the protein expression of E-cadherin. The present study demonstrates that Reishi extract reduces the expression of AKT, which signals to activate the translational machinery by mTOR. Reishi extract reduced the expression of p70s6K and eIF4G, and diminished the expression of the IRES dependent mRNA containing proteins: c-Myc, p120 catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Furthermore, Reishi extract reduced the expression of eIF4E and the phosphorylation of its inhibitor, 4EBP-1. Our results provide evidence that Reishi suppresses protein synthesis potentially by both cap-dependent and cap independent mechanisms. Our findings suggest that Reishi is a potential natural therapeutic that can be used in combination with traditional therapy to treat this intractable and deadly disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4228
Sensitization to <i>Zygophyllum fabago</i> pollen. A clinical and immunologic study
Authors: J. Belchi‐Hernandez, S. Moreno‐Grau, F. Sánchez‐Gascón, J. Bayo, B. Elvira Rendueles, B. Bartolomé, J. M. Moreno, J. Martinez Quesada, R. Palacios Peláez
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Zygophyllum fahago is a herbaceous plant found widely in the Mediterranean area. There are no previous reports of its allergenicity. An aerobiologic and clinical survey was conducted in Murcia, southern Spain, to determine the quantity of airborne pollen and establish the possible role of this pollen as a cause of allergic symptoms. With a Hirst volumetric trap, we determined the atmospheric concentrations of this pollen in 1993, 1994,1995, and 1996. Of 1180 patients tested, 181 (15,34%) had a positive skin test. To determine its allergenicity, we divided 47 patients into three groups: in group 1, all the patients had symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis plus asthma; in groups 2 and 3, rhinoconjunctivitis. In group 1, we performed a bronchial provocation test (BPT): in groups 2 and 3, we performed nasal provocation (NPT) and conjunctival provocation (CPT) tests, respectively, SDS‐PAGE was used to characterize the antigenic fractions and RAST inhibition to determine cross‐reactivity with other pollens. The pollen dispersion period is from May to September (445 grains/m 3 ), BPT was positive in 13 of 15 patients, NPT in 14 of 16 patients, and CPT in 13 of 16 patients. RAST inhibition revealed cross‐reactivity with Mercurialis, Ricinus, Olea. and Betula. SDS‐PAGE identified 25 IgE antibody‐binding components, five of which (60, 65, 41, 38, and 15.5/14,7 kDa) were recognized by 40% of the sera. By SDS‐PAGE immunoblotting with sunflower antiprofilin rabbit serum and affinity chromatography we established that the Z. fahago extract has profilin. This study shows that this pollen becomes airborne and elicits an IgE response which triggers respiratory symptoms in allergic subjects.
A SIGN INDICATIVE OF CHRONIC APPENDICITIS
Authors: CHARLES D. AARON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The condition I am about to describe has often been found, but I present it in order to induce other observers to assist in coming to some conclusion as to its value in the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis. Chronic concealed  without active inflammation is difficult to diagnose. Ewald has well named this condition appendicitis larvata. Exploratory operation in these cases frequently reveals an obliterative appendicitis.  In 1898 a patient consulted me for an obstinate hyperchlorhydria. She gave a history of repeated attacks of appendicitis. On examination I found that a continuous firm pressure with the ends of the first three fingers over McBurney's point induced a referred distress or pain in the epigastrium or precordial region. Later on the patient had a recurrent attack of acute  which necessitated immediate operation. The appendix was found to have sloughed off and the wound was simply packed. The patient made a
How to Use an Article About Quality Improvement
Authors: Eddy Fan, Andreas Laupacis, Peter J. Pronovost, Gordon H. Guyatt, Dale M. Needham
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Quality improvement (QI) attempts to change clinician behavior and, through those changes, lead to improved patient outcomes. The methodological quality of studies evaluating the effectiveness of QI interventions is frequently low. Clinicians and others evaluating QI studies should be aware of the risk of bias, should consider whether the investigators measured appropriate outcomes, should be concerned if there has been no replication of the findings, and should consider the likelihood of success of the QI intervention in their practice setting and the costs and possibility of unintended effects of its implementation. This article complements and enhances existing Users' Guides that address the effects of interventions--Therapy, Harm, Clinical Decision Support Systems, and Summarizing the Evidence guides--with an emphasis on issues specific to QI studies. Given the potential for widespread implementation of QI interventions, there is a need for robust study methods in QI research.
CBFβ is critical for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity
Authors: Liya Roudaia, Matthew D. Cheney, Ekaterina Manuylova, Wei Chen, Michelle Morrow, Sangho Park, Chung-Tsai Lee, Prabhjot Kaur, Owen Williams, John H. Bushweller, Nancy A. Speck
Journal: Blood (2009)
1248 A novel treatment technique for symptomatic huge liver cyst: intracystic injection therapy of monoethanolamine oleate in 12 cases with 15 liver cysts
Authors: R NAKAOKA, E ISHIKAWA, S MATSUI, N FUKUTA, Y SUETOMI, Y MINAMI, H CHUNG, M KITANO, T KAWASAKI, M SHIOMI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based study
Authors: J. Almirall, I. Bolibar, J Vidal, G Sauca, P Coll, B Niklasson, M Bartolome, X. Balanzo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

In this prospective study, the authors assessed the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the general population. From December 1993 to November 1995, a study was performed in a mixed residential-industrial urban population of the "Maresme" region in Barcelona, Spain. All subjects &gt; or =14 yrs of age (annual average population size 74,368 inhabitants) with clinically suspected community-acquired pneumonia were registered. All cases were re-evaluated by chest radiographs on the 5th day of illness and at monthly intervals until complete recovery. Urine and blood samples were obtained for culture and antigen detection. When lower respiratory tract secretions were obtained, these were also cultured. There were 241 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, with an annual incidence rate of 1.62 cases (95% confidence interval, 1.42-1.82) per 1,000 inhabitants. Incidence rates increased by age groups and were higher in males than in females. Of 232 patients with aetiological data, 104 had an identifiable aetiology. A total of 114 pathogens were found (single pathogen 94, two pathogens 10). There were 81 episodes of bacterial infection and 33 of viral infection. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and influenza A and B viruses. No case of Hantavirus infection was found. The rate of hospital admission was 61.4% with a mean+/-SD length of 11.7+/-10.1 days, a mean period of 23.0+/-14.3 days inactivity, and an overall mortality rate of 5%. The high rate of hospital admission, prolonged stay in hospital, and long period of inactivity all continue to constitute a social and health care burden of community-acquired pneumonia.
Sildenafil Improves Alveolar Growth and Pulmonary Hypertension in Hyperoxia-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Faruqa Ladha, Sebastien Bonnet, Farah Eaton, Kyoko Hashimoto, Greg Korbutt, Bernard Thébaud
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of preterm infants, and pulmonary emphysema, both significant global health problems, are characterized by an arrest in alveolar growth/loss of alveoli structures. Mechanisms that inhibit distal lung growth are poorly understood, but recent studies suggest that impaired vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production decreases alveolar and vessel growth in the developing lung, features observed in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. NO exerts its biological activity by stimulating guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) production.Because cGMP is inactivated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, we hypothesized that the cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil would promote angiogenesis and attenuate oxygen-induced lung injury in newborn rats. METHODS, MEASUREMENTS, AND MAIN RESULTS: In vitro, sildenafil (10(-4) M) increased endothelial capillary network formation of human pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to hyperoxia. In vivo, rat pups were randomly exposed from birth to normoxia, hyperoxia (95% O(2), BPD model), and hyperoxia+sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day subcutaneously). Rat pups exposed to hyperoxia showed fewer and enlarged air spaces as well as decreased capillary density, mimicking pathologic features seen in human BPD. These structural anomalies were associated with echographic (decreased pulmonary acceleration time) and structural (right ventricular hypertrophy and increased medial wall thickness) signs of pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil preserved alveolar growth and lung angiogenesis, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickness.Our findings suggest a role for the NO/cGMP pathway during alveolar development. Sildenafil may have therapeutic potential in diseases associated with impaired alveolar structures.