tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dichotomy between Neurokinin Receptor Actions in Modulating Allergic Airway Responses in an Animal Model of Helper T Cell Type 2 Cytokine-associated Inflammation
Authors: KARIM MAGHNI, RAME TAHA, WAQQAS AFIF, QUTAYBA HAMID, JAMES G. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Neurokinins (NKs), which include substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), act through NK-1 and NK-2 receptors. There is considerable evidence of interaction between the neurogenic and the immune systems, and NKs are candidates for mediating such interactions. We hypothesized that selective inhibition of pulmonary NK-1 or NK-2 receptors may modulate immune responses so as to prevent the development of allergic airway responses in the atopic BN rat sensitized to ovalbumin (OA). To address this hypothesis, we have validated our animal model by showing that NK-1 and NK-2 receptors are expressed in the lungs, and that SP is released in the airways after allergen challenge. The selective NK-1 (CP-99,994) or NK-2 (SR-48968) antagonists before allergen challenge failed to reduce the allergic early airway responses. In contrast, both neurokinin antagonists decreased allergen-induced late airway responses in OA-challenged animals. However, only the NK-2 antagonist decreased the eosinophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Likewise, the NK-2, but not NK-1, antagonist decreased both Th1 (INF- γ ) and Th2 (IL-4 and -5) cytokine expression in BAL cells by in situ hybridization. These results provide initial in vivo evidence linking neurokinins to the regulation of cytokine expression in cells without discrimination as to their phenotype. We conclude that there is a dichotomy between NK receptors in the modulation of the allergic airway inflammation, which has important implications for future therapeutic strategies for asthma using the NK antagonists.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes From the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Follow-up Cohort
Authors: Mamta Jaiswal, Abigail Lauer, Catherine L. Martin, Ronny A. Bell, Jasmin Divers, Dana Dabelea, David J. Pettitt, Sharon Saydah, Catherine Pihoker, Debra A. Standiford, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Rodica Pop-Busui, Eva L. Feldman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in a pilot study among youth participating in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DPN was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) (examination for foot abnormalities, distal vibration perception, and ankle reflexes). An MNSI exam (MNSIE) score &amp;gt;2 is diagnostic for DPN. RESULTS The MNSIE was completed in 399 subjects, including 329 youth with type 1 diabetes (mean age 15.7 ± 4.3 years, duration 6.2 ± 0.9 years) and 70 with type 2 diabetes (mean age 21.6 ± 4.1 years, duration 7.6 ± 1.8 years). Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) was similar in both groups (8.8 ± 1.8% for type 1 vs. 8.5 ± 2.9% for type 2). The prevalence of DPN was significantly higher in youth with type 2 compared with those with type 1 diabetes (25.7 vs. 8.2%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In unadjusted analyses, diabetes type, older age, longer duration of diabetes, increased waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol, and presence of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio &amp;gt;30 mg/g) were associated with DPN. The association between diabetes type and DPN remained significant after adjustment for age and sex (odds ratio 2.29 [95% CI 1.05–5.02], P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS DPN prevalence among youth with type 2 diabetes approached rates reported in adult populations with diabetes. Our findings suggest not only that youth with diabetes are at risk for DPN but also that many already show measurable signs of DPN.
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS OF CHILDREN.
Authors: JAMES E. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I wish to call attention to the acute inflammation of joints, variously described under the titles "Acute Supparative Arthritis of Infants," "Epiphysitis" and "Acute Ostitis of Growing Bone." I chose this subject because these cases are not generally understood, and many joints and lives are sacrificed on the altar of our ignorance. These inflammations occur, as a rule, either as complications or sequels of other diseases, and may begin either as a synovitis, an epiphysitis, or an osteomyelitis. The majority of cases begin as an osteomyelitis. When accompanying the exanthemata, diphtheria or typhoid, they are usually due to a streptococcus infection. Cases complicating pneumonia have been reported in which the diplococcus was the cause. The joints most commonly affected, in the order of their frequency, are the hip, knee, shoulder and elbow. In the synovial variety the symptoms are as a rule comparatively mild. There is local heat, swelling and
Fertility in a Man With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ronald R. Blanck
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CYSTIC fibrosis generally has been considered a childhood disease, although many patients now reach adulthood.<sup>1</sup>In addition to other medical problems such as pulmonary and pancreatic insufficiency, male patients are usually infertile because of maldevelopment of mesonephric ducts or mesonephric obstruction and atresia.<sup>2,3</sup>A small number of fertile patients with relatively late-appearing and somewhat milder disease has been identified recently. Feigelson et al<sup>4</sup>and Taussig et al<sup>5</sup>first reported fertility in men with cystic fibrosis, all of whom had late-appearing disease manifestations, particularly pulmonary symptoms. Our patient had well-compensated and late-appearing cystic fibrosis manifested by moderately decreased exercise tolerance and a normal semen analysis, and he had presumably fathered one child. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old man was seen for complaints of intermittent diarrhea since 1970 and frequent respiratory infections since1972. Despite severe, productive, early-morning cough since his late teens, he was able to
Use of biologics in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of the Henry Ford Hospital experience
Authors: J. Zhang, V.J. Reeder, I.H. Hamzavi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Use of biologics in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of the Henry Ford Hospital experience Get access J. Zhang, J. Zhang Division of Dermatology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.J. Reeder, V.J. Reeder Department of Dermatology Tulane University School of Medicine 1430 Tulane Avenue #8036 New Orleans LA 70112 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.H. Hamzavi I.H. Hamzavi Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 6, 1 December 2014, Pages 1600–1602, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13186 Published: 01 December 2014
PROGRESSIVE BULBAR PARALYSIS.
Authors: ALFRED C. COTTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Kitty M., aged 11 years, an American schoolgirl, first came to my clinic Jan. 17, 1902. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Mother living and well; father died of pneumonia; she has four brothers and sisters in good health; both maternal grandparents lived to old age; her paternal grandmother developed some form of paralysis after childbirth. Her paternal grandfather was paralyzed late in life, and had some disturbance of speech which passed away before death. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —Birth and early history negative except for the usual diseases of infancy. She had pneumonia when six years of age; diphtheria three years ago and again last April (1901) from which she apparently made a good recovery. For the past two or three years the mother has noticed more or less impairment of hearing. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —Early in September the mother detected slight difficulty in swallowing and some defect in the child's speech; it seemed as if there were something in the mouth.
Sickle-cell Anaemia, Sickle-cell Thalassaemia, Sickle-cell Haemoglobin C Disease, and Asymptomatic Haemoglobin C Thalassaemia in one Ghanaian Family
Authors: F. I. D. Konotey-Ahulu, B. Ringelhann
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A Ghanaian family is described in which a sickle-cell haemoglobin C man married to a sickle-cell thalassaemia woman produced 12 children (eight alive). Four children have sickle-cell anaemia, two sickle-cell haemoglobin C disease, one has sickle-cell thalassaemia, and one is asymptomatic haemoglobin C thalassaemia.It is emphasized that the contribution that adult sickle-cell disease patients make, through procreation, to the persistence of the S gene may be greater than is normally supposed, and that this contribution may soon outstrip that made by balanced polymorphism through falciparum malaria. Widespread haemoglobin genotyping in schools leading to genetic counselling is advocated to decrease the incidence of sickle-cell disease.
Cooperative Clinical Investigation
Authors: William C. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

EXPANSION of our knowledge and understanding of the pathological physiology of human disease during the past four decades can be attributed, in large part, to the availability of precise scientific techniques for basic research. Despite major advances in the laboratory and the introduction of elegant and sophisticated technology for the recognition and diagnosis of disease, the application of sound scientific methods for the development of better treatment programs is uncommon. The introduction of new treatment programs into widespread practice has been based largely on empiricism. In the past, clinical experiments were frequently derived from "trial and error" experiences observed in small groups of patients, with little, if any, attention paid to experimental bias or statistical significance. Chalmers et al<sup>1</sup>recently pointed out that clinical studies are seldom designed in a controlled fashion. The use of uncontrolled clinical studies to test new treatment modalities has frequently led to confusion, uncertainty,
Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Goodpasture's Syndrome
Authors: Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Goodpasture's syndrome is a distinctive combination of glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage mediated by antibodies to the basement membranes of the glomeruli, and probably also of the lungs.1 Although the syndrome is uncommon, it has excited widespread interest because of its conceptual implications for immunology and because it is usually a harbinger of impending doom.About half the patients with Goodpasture's syndrome die of asphyxia after a pulmonary hemorrhage. Accordingly, it is not surprising that physicians generally become apprehensive at the first signs of pulmonary hemorrhage and are inclined to resort to drastic measures if hemorrhage persists.Unfortunately, any or all . . .
WHO wants more palliative care for Europeans
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many Europeans who are terminally ill die in unnecessary pain and discomfort because their health systems lack skilled staff and do not widely offer palliative care services, according to two studies published by the World Health Organization this month.

In the two reports WHO found that although Europe's population is ageing and more people are dying of chronic diseases, the range and quality of palliative care services remain severely limited …
Repeatability of respiratory data in the individual subject.
Authors: L Davidson
Journal: Thorax (1966)

A knowledge of the repeatability of any respiratory measurement in the individual is a prerequisite when assessing the significance of the change in state produced by any experimental procedure.Such information is available in the literature only in scattered and incomplete detail.The accompanying Table presents such data, and, as the high degree of repeatability in the individual is often not appreciated, a record of the published variation for normal groups is included for comparison.All measurements are based on duplicate sampling compared with duplicate sampling 10 minutes later.Details of the methods are avail- able together with a complete statistical analysis in the author's M.D. thesis (1962) of the University of Birmingham.The patients were undergoing thoracic, abdominal, and other major surgical procedures.Measurements were made pre-opera- tively and 24 hours post-operatively, and there was no difference between the statistical analysis
RESIDUAL TRICUSPID REGURGITATION FOLLOWING TRICUSPID VALVE REPAIR DURING CONCOMITANT VALVE SURGERY DOES NOT WORSEN OVERALL SURVIVAL
Authors: Robert Sorabella, Halit Yerebakan, Marc Najjar, Maliha Hossain, Catherine Wang, Hiroo Takayama, Yoshifumi Naka, Mathew Williams, Michael Argenziano, Craig Smith, Isaac George
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cardiac Septal and Valvular Dysmorphogenesis in Mice Heterozygous for Mutations in the Homeobox Gene <i>Nkx2-5</i>
Authors: Christine Biben, Roberta Weber, Scott Kesteven, Edouard Stanley, Lachlan McDonald, David A. Elliott, Louise Barnett, Frank Köentgen, Lorraine Robb, Michael Feneley, Richard P. Harvey
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Heterozygous mutations in the cardiac homeobox gene, NKX2-5 , underlie familial cases of atrial septal defect (ASD) with severe atrioventricular conduction block. In this study, mice heterozygous for Nkx2-5 –null alleles were assessed for analogous defects. Although ASD occurred only rarely, atrial septal dysmorphogenesis was evident as increased frequencies of patent foramen ovale and septal aneurysm, and decreased length of the septum primum flap valve. These parameters were compounded by genetic background effects, and in the 129/Sv strain, septal dysmorphogenesis bordered on ASD in 17% of Nkx2-5 heterozygotes. In a proportion of neonatal heterozygotes, as well as in adults with ASD, we found that the size of the foramen ovale was significantly enlarged and altered in shape, potentially exposing the normally thin septum primum to excessive hemodynamic forces. Therefore, defective morphogenesis of the septum secundum may be one contributing factor in the generation of patent foramen ovale, septal aneurysm, and certain ASDs. Mild prolongation of P-R interval in females and an increased frequency of stenotic bicuspid aortic valves were also features of the Nkx2-5 heterozygous phenotype. Our data demonstrate that the complex effects of Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency in mice are weaker but convergent with those in humans. As in the mouse, the phenotype of human NKX2-5 mutations may be modulated by interacting alleles.
Conservative surgery for bronchial adenomata.
Authors: D K Cooper, J R Belcher
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Fifteen patients with bronchial adenomata have undergone surgical treatment and have been followed up for periods of one to 25 years. Management consisted of bronchotomy with local excision in six cases, segmental resection in two, lobectomy in six, and pneumonectomy in one case. One patient who underwent lobectomy subsequently died of an unrelated cause (gastric haemorrhage) in the early postoperative period; of the remaining 14, there have been no cases of recurrence, and all patients have remained sympton-free with normal chest radiographs. These results strongly support a conservative surgical approach where the clinical and histological diagnosis of carcinoid tumour is definite.
Medicine: An Illustrated History. By Albert S. Lyons and R. Joseph Petrucelli, II. 616 pp. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1978.
Authors: Charles S. Davidson
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

tients with GI and liver disorders.For the academic gastroenterologist willing to review and interpret the available data in the literature, this volume leaves something to be desired since most of the recommendations are based on the personal experiences of the authors.
INSTANTANEOUS WAVE–FREE RATIO (IFR) CAN DETECT IMPROVEMENT IN CORONARY HAEMODYNAMICS AFTER PCI
Authors: Sukhjinder Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Ricardo Petraco da Cunha, Florim Cuculi, Christopher Broyd, Nicolas Foin, Rodney Foale, Iqbal Malik, Ghada Mikhail, Amarjit Sethi, Raffi Kaprielian, Christopher Baker, Alun Hughes, Darrel Francis, Jamil Mayet, Rajesh Kharbanda, Rajesh Kharbanda, Carlo Di Mario, Justin Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Employers' Use of Value-Based Purchasing Strategies
Authors: Meredith B. Rosenthal, Bruce E. Landon, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Richard G. Frank, Thaniyyah S. Ahmad, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Value-based purchasing by employers has often been portrayed as the lynchpin to quality improvement in a market-based health care system. Although a small group of the largest national employers has been actively engaged in promoting quality measurement, reporting, and pay for performance, it is unknown whether these ideas have significantly permeated employer-sponsored health benefit purchasing.To provide systematic descriptions and analyses of value-based purchasing and related efforts to improve quality of care by health care purchasers.We conducted telephone interviews with executives at 609 of the largest employers across 41 US markets between July 2005 and March 2006. The 41 randomly selected markets have at least 100,000 persons enrolled in health maintenance organizations, include approximately 91% of individuals enrolled in health maintenance organizations nationally, and represent roughly 78% of the US metropolitan population. Using the Dun & Bradstreet database of US employers, we identified the 26 largest firms in each market. Firms ranged in size from 60 to 250,000 employees.The degree to which value-based purchasing and related strategies are reported being used by employers. Percentages were weighted by number of employees.Of 1041 companies contacted, 609 employer representatives completed the survey (response rate, 64%). A large percentage of surveyed executives reported that they examine health plan quality data (269 respondents; 65% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 57%-74%]; P<.001), but few reported using it for performance rewards (49 respondents; 17% [95% CI, 7%-27%]; P=.008) or to influence employees (71 respondents; 23% [95% CI, 13%-33%]). Physician quality information is even less commonly examined (71 respondents; 16% [95% CI, 9%-23%]) or used by employers to reward performance (8 respondents; 2% [95% CI, 0%-3%]) or influence employee choice of providers (34 respondents; 8% [95% CI, 3%-12%]).Surveyed employers as a whole do not appear to be individually implementing incentives and programs in line with value-based purchasing ideals.
Increased activity of digestive enzymes in ileal enterocytes adapting to proximal small bowel resection.
Authors: M Chaves, M W Smith, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1987)

The ability of adapting ileal enterocytes to express different digestive enzymes in their brush border membranes was tested in young female Wistar rats (n = 72) receiving 60% proximal small bowel resection. In control rats with intestinal transection both neutral aminopeptidase and alpha-glucosidase activities were shown, by quantitative cytochemistry, to increase during enterocyte migration over the lower part of the villus; thereafter enzyme activities declined or remained approximately constant. Proximal enterectomy increased the amount of alpha-glucosidase but not neutral aminopeptidase activity appearing during early enterocyte development. Thymidine labelled autoradiography showed that the rate of enterocyte migration along the ileal villus nearly doubled after jejunal resection (19.3 v 11.1 microns/h). Nevertheless, the time taken for both peptidase and saccharidase activities to appear at maximal rates in the brush border membrane was diminished by about five hours. Thus ileal enterocytes adapt to proximal small bowel resection by selective increments in enzyme expression, findings that contradict the previous hypothesis of simple metabolic immaturity.
A radical approach to fire defence
Authors: D. White
Journal: BMJ (1981)

ence of one of us (SLS) in over 500 suprapubic catheterisations for postoperative bladder drainage bowel perforation has occurred on only one occasion, and was satisfactorily managed as we described.We take Miss Senapti's point that the use of a catheter with an adjustable flange may lead to urinary extravasation if the catheter is not inserted well into the bladder.Indeed, we see this as one of the advantages of the Bonanno catheter, which is our preferred instrument, since its flanges are fixed some 17j cm from the proximal side hole.
Assessment of skin basement membrane zone antibodies in the urine of patients with acquired subepidermal immunobullous diseases
Authors: J. Allen, E. Shears, J. Powell, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Assessment of skin basement membrane zone antibodies in the urine of patients with acquired subepidermal immunobullous diseases Get access J. Allen, J. Allen Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Shears, E. Shears University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Powell, J. Powell Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wojnarowska F. Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Professor F.Wojnarowska. E‐mail: Fenella.Wojnarowska‐sec@orh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04080.x Published: 01 March 2001
USEFULNESS OF STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF STENOSIS SEVERITY IN PATIENTS WITH LOW FLOW, LOW GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS AND PRESERVED LV EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Marie-Annick Clavel, Pierre Vladimir Ennezat, Sylvestre Maréchaux, Jean G. Dumesnil, Zeineb Hachicha, Patrick Mathieu, Annaïk Bellouin, Sébastien Bergeron, Patrick Meimoun, Marie Arsenault, Thierry Le Tourneau, Agnès Pasquet, Christian Couture, Sylvain Trahan, Melanie K. Sackett, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)