tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1902: Aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) acetaminophen and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xiang-Lin Tan, Kaye M. Reid Lombardo, William R. Bamlet, Dennis P. Robinson, Kristin Anderson, Gloria M. Petersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show indisputable promise as cancer chemoprevention agents. While aspirin and NSAID use have been suggested to lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer, the results of several epidemiological studies are not in consensus. Methods: Using a case-control design, we examined the association between aspirin, NSAID and acetaminophen use and the risk of pancreatic cancer. We enrolled 904 histological or clinically documented pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases, and 1,223 age and gender matched healthy clinic-based controls evaluated at Mayo Clinic from April 2004 and September 2010. All subjects were ≥ 55 years old and self-reported by questionnaire their use of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen at ages 41-60, along with extensive epidemiologic and demographic information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate risk of pancreatic cancer after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The use of aspirin was associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with aspirin use ≥ 1 day/month, compared with never or &amp;lt; 1 day/month, was 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65. 0.96, p = 0.015]. This effect remained significant [OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58,0.87, p = 0.0008], after adjusting for the potential confounders of body mass index and smoking status (never, former, current). The inverse relationship was stronger among former smokers (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46, 0.82, p =0.0008) than never and current smokers, although there was not a statistically significant interaction (Pintereaction = 0.333). NSAID and acetaminophen use was not associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Results from this large case-control study suggest that aspirin use, but not non-aspirin NSAID use, was associated with lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer and was more pronounced among former smokers than never and current smokers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1902. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1902
Effects of Premature Beats on Repolarization of Postextrasystolic Beats
Authors: Mary Jo Burgess, Andrew E. Pollard, Kenneth W. Spitzer, Lin Yang
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background A short-long-short sequence of cycle lengths predisposes to reentrant tachyarrhythmias. There is limited information about the effects of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on repolarization of postextrasystolic depolarizations (PEDs). Such information would contribute to understanding the mechanism for facilitating reentry with short-long-short cycle lengths. Methods and Results We introduced PVCs, over a range of coupling intervals and during a range of basic drive cycle lengths (BCLs), and determined PED repolarization. Our results from whole-animal experiments, isolated cell studies, and computer simulations are reported. In the whole-animal experiments, PED refractory periods (RPs) were longer than RP BCL . The greatest difference between RP PED and RP BCL (ΔRP max ) occurred after short coupling interval PVCs and was 4.3±0.8, 4.2±0.8, and 2.1±0.5 ms (mean±SEM) during drives with short, intermediate, and long BCLs, respectively. The diastolic interval preceding the PED (DI PED ) was inversely related to the coupling interval between the basic drive beat and the PVC and directly related to RP PED . PED action potential durations (APDs) of isolated canine myocytes were 9.8±4.9 ms (mean±SEM) longer than APD BCL (n=19). The DiFrancesco-Noble membrane equations were used in simulations of action potential propagation in a one-dimensional cable, with stimulation protocols duplicating those in the animal experiments. PVCs prolonged APD PED , and APD PED was prolonged more during short than during long BCL drives. There was a direct relation between DI PED and APD PED . Analysis of the membrane currents over the time course of the PVCs and PEDs suggested that the ionic basis for PED repolarization prolongation was the interaction of I to and I K . Hyperpolarizing constant-current injections introduced immediately after the spike of isolated myocyte action potentials caused APD prolongation. This observation is consistent with the I to and I K interaction causing PED repolarization prolongation. Conclusions PED repolarization prolongation could provide sites for unidirectional block to propagation of PVCs after PEDs and could facilitate initiation of reentrant tachyarrhythmias after short-long-short sequences of cycle lengths.
THE MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: M. J. ROSENAU
Journal: JAMA (1913)

From a practical point of view the mode of transmission is the most useful single factor in combating a disease. The health officer would prefer to know the precise mode or modes of transmission of any disease rather than its cause, or pathologic anatomy, or even its treatment. Hence a large amount of work has been done to determine how the virus of poliomyelitis leaves the body, how it enters its victim, and theroute it takes from one person to the next. Despite all the thought and work that has been focused on this problem, the mode of transmission of poliomyelitis remains an open chapter, and although much light has been thrown on the subject, the present state of our knowledge does not permit of dogmatic, much less final statements. There are two avenues of approach to a problem of this sort; one, through epidemiologic field studies, and the other
A SKIN MANIFESTATION FROM THE EXCESSIVE ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMINS
Authors: F. F. Pfister
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Skin eruptions of the eczematous type are not unusual in early childhood. Rashes at all akin to true eczema are classified as eczema, and the usual routine of local applications is followed with various manipulations of diet, it being accepted as a fact that the condition is an eczema without a doubt. I do not say that eczema is caused by excessive doses of vitamins but that certain cases which are classified with eczema are readily cleared up by the discontinuance of the vitamin with no local applications whatever. The type of rash to which I refer may be described as a fine papular rash superimposed on an erythematous base, looking much like many of the early eczemas. I have not seen any that presented a weeping surface. The face has been the most common site for the eruption. The causative factor may be a particular idiosyncrasy to vitamin solutions,
Febrile Response to Whirlpool Treatments
Authors: Michael I. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  We have seen a patient who experienced a transient febrile response to whirlpool bath treatments without proved bacteremia. To our knowledge, this represents a first reported case of this phenomenon. Whirlpool is a widely used mode of debridement and cleansing for extensive burns and devitalized tissue.  Report of a Case. —  A 25-year-old woman had an automobile accident and sustained bilateral open tibial and fibular fractures with large areas of both lower extremities denuded of skin and muscle. Wide debridement of devitalized tissue was done, and skeletal stabilization of fractures was obtained with rodding on the left and bilateral calcaneal traction. Over several days the patient's condition stabilized, but a left, above-knee amputation was necessary because of extensive tissue necrosis.  The patient recovered well, and whirlpool therapy twice daily was instituted in hopes of adequately debriding the remaining limb. Whirlpool was done with warm water and povidone-iodine
Down-regulating ERK1/2 and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation by physical barrier of celecoxib-loaded electrospun fibrous membranes prevents tendon adhesions
Authors: Shichao Jiang, Xin Zhao, Shuai Chen, Guoqing Pan, Jialin Song, Ning He, Fengfeng Li, Wenguo Cui, Cunyi Fan
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Empirical Fluconazole versus Placebo for Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Mindy G. Schuster, John E. Edwards, Jack D. Sobel, Rabih O. Darouiche, Adolf W. Karchmer, Susan Hadley, Gus Slotman, Helene Panzer, Pinaki Biswas, John H. Rex
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Invasive infection with Candida species is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Optimal preventive strategies have not been clearly defined. Objective: To see whether empirical fluconazole improves clinical outcomes more than placebo in adult ICU patients at high risk for invasive candidiasis. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted from 1995 to 2000. Setting: 26 ICUs in the United States. Patients: 270 adult ICU patients with fever despite administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. All had central venous catheters and an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than 16. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to either intravenous fluconazole, 800 mg daily, or placebo for 2 weeks and were followed for 4 weeks thereafter. Two hundred forty-nine participants were available for outcome assessment. Measurements: A composite primary outcome that defined success as all 4 of the following: resolution of fever; absence of invasive fungal infection; no discontinuation because of toxicity; and no need for a nonstudy, systemic antifungal medication (as assessed by a blinded oversight committee). Results: Only 44 of 122 (36%) fluconazole recipients and 48 of 127 (38%) placebo recipients had a successful outcome (relative risk, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.32; P = 0.78]). The main reason for failure was lack of resolution of fever (51% for fluconazole and 57% for placebo). Documented invasive candidiasis occurred in 5% of fluconazole recipients and 9% of placebo recipients (relative risk, 0.57 [CI, 0.22 to 1.49]). Seven (5%) fluconazole recipients and 10 (7%) placebo recipients had adverse events resulting in discontinuation of the study drug. Discontinuation because of abnormal liver test results occurred in 3 (2%) fluconazole recipients and 5 (4%) placebo recipients. Limitations: Twenty-one randomly assigned patients were not included in the analysis because they either did not meet entry criteria or did not have postbaseline assessments. Fewer fungal infections than anticipated occurred in the control group. Confidence bounds were wide and did not exclude potentially important differences in outcomes between groups. Conclusion: In critically ill adults with risk factors for invasive candidiasis, empirical fluconazole did not clearly improve a composite outcome more than placebo.
The Worried Sick
Authors: JOHN F. BURNUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorial Notes1 April 1978The Worried SickJOHN F. BURNUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN F. BURNUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-572_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe term "the worried well" (1) has long troubled me. On the contrary, in my experience patients may worry themselves sick; and worry, fear, and dread all spell unfitness or sickness, not wellness. Angst and well-being simply cannot stand together. As Richard Scott adds, "there must be something the matter with someone who goes to see a doctor when there is nothing the matter with him." This self-contradictory term, originally coined for patients with minor disorders, who conceivably might be sifted out and treated by paramedical personnel, has taken on a demeaning note: that many are unworthy neurotic "crocks," and...References1. GARFIELD S: The delivery of medical care. Sci Am 222:15-23, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BURNUM J: What one internist does in his practice. Ann Intern Med 78:437-444, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. ENGEL G: A life setting conductive to illness. The giving-up—given-up complex. Ann Intern Med 69:293-300, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tuscaloosa, Alabama PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCombining the New and Old Measures of the Fear of Crime: Exploring the 'Worried-Well'Anatomy of Fear: Mead's Theory of the Past and the Experience of the HIV/AIDS “Worried Well”Psychological Disorders and Distress in Older Primary Care Patients: A Comparison of Older and Younger SamplesHealthy Patients Who Perceive Poor Health: Why Are They Worried Sick?Worry About Health Status Among the ElderlyHealthy patients who perceive poor health and their use of primary care servicesA critical reappraisal of the fibrositis conceptThe "Scientific" Value of Personal CareJOHN F. BURNUM, M.D.Patientization of the Population 1 April 1978Volume 88, Issue 4Page: 572-572KeywordsAllied health care professionalsFear Issue Published: 1 April 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An Outbreak of Diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome From Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh-Pressed Apple Cider
Authors: Richard E. Besser
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —<i>Esherichia coli</i>O157:H7 causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the fall of 1991, an outbreak of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infections in southeastern Massachusetts provided an opportunity to identify transmission by a seemingly unlikely vehicle. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study to determine the vehicle of infection. New England cider producers were surveyed to assess production practices and determined the survival time of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 organisms in apple cider. <h3>Results.</h3> —Illness was significantly associated with drinking one brand of apple cider. Thirteen (72%) of 18 patients but only 16 (33%) of 49 controls reported drinking apple cider in the week before illness began (odds ratio [OR], 8.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 39.7). Among those who drank cider, 12 (92%) of 13 patients compared with two (13%) of 16 controls drank cider from cider mill A (lower 95% CI, 2.9;<i>P</i>&lt;.01). This mill pressed cider in a manner similar to that used by other small cider producers: apples were not washed, cider was not pasteurized, and no preservatives were added. In the laboratory,<i>E coli</i>O1 57:H7 organisms survived for 20 days in unpreserved refrigerated apple cider. Addition of sodium benzoate 0.1% reduced survival to less than 7 days. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Fresh-pressed, unpreserved apple cider can transmit<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 organisms, which cause severe infections. Risk of transmission can be reduced by washing and brushing apples before pressing, and preserving cider with sodium benzoate. Consumers can reduce their risk by only drinking cider made from apples that have been washed and brushed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2217-2220)
KIM-1–mediated phagocytosis reduces acute injury to the kidney
Authors: Li Yang, Craig R. Brooks, Sheng Xiao, Venkata Sabbisetti, Melissa Y. Yeung, Li-Li Hsiao, Takaharu Ichimura, Vijay Kuchroo, Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, also known as TIM-1) is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule after injury and is maladaptive when chronically expressed. Here, we determined that early in the injury process, however, KIM-1 expression is antiinflammatory due to its mediation of phagocytic processes in tubule cells. Using various models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mice expressing mutant forms of KIM-1, we demonstrated a mucin domain–dependent protective effect of epithelial KIM-1 expression that involves downregulation of innate immunity. Deletion of the mucin domain markedly impaired KIM-1–mediated phagocytic function, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased antiinflammatory growth factor secretion by proximal epithelial cells, and a subsequent increase in tissue macrophages. Mice expressing KIM-1Δmucin had greater functional impairment, inflammatory responses, and mortality in response to ischemia- and cisplatin-induced AKI. Compared with primary renal proximal tubule cells isolated from KIM-1Δmucin mice, those from WT mice had reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and impaired macrophage activation. The antiinflammatory effect of KIM-1 expression was due to the interaction of KIM-1 with p85 and subsequent PI3K-dependent downmodulation of NF-κB. Hence, KIM-1–mediated epithelial cell phagocytosis of apoptotic cells protects the kidney after acute injury by downregulating innate immunity and inflammation.
Low TSH in a patient with primary hypothyroidism
Authors: D Morganstein, N Mendoza, N Strickland, K Meeran
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

diverticula result from high intragastric pressure.Alternatively, prepyloric diverticula might lead to gastric stasis, pyloric ulceration and stenosis.In both instances local muscular weakness must play an important part since even longstanding pyloric stenosis is seldom associated with diverticulosis; gastric diverticula have lately been reported in a patient with Caroli's disease, 6 a deficiency of the fibromuscular matrix of the biliary tree.In the present case, the true diagnosis became evident only after gastrectomy.A technique that might possibly have led to earlier diagnosis is endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
Treatment of Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Alfred J. Saah
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ACUTE otitis media is an episodic disease in which individual occurrences usually resolve without specific treatment. Sequelae of acute or recurrent infection, however, are often serious and include decreased hearing, chronic mastoiditis, meningitis, cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, destruction of the ossicular chain, or facial nerve damage. Specific treatment of the disorder is largely aimed at preventing or reducing sequelae or complications, rather than affecting the acute episode itself. In a recent review of two Finnish prospective studies, Quarnberg and Palva<sup>1</sup>state: "Treatment of acute otitis media, which was very straightforward up to the 1950s, has during the era of antibiotics given rise to much controversy. There are advocates of all possible methods, ranging from the use of antibiotics alone and myringotomy alone to both combined. Fortunately, no one proposes no treatment." Now, even that therapeutic nihilism has been broached. Van Buchem et al<sup>2</sup>conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial,
The Geriatrician Ages
Authors: Bill Griffin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Abstract 4638: Anti-tumor activity of pimasertib in combination with SAR245409 or SAR245408 in human primary colorectal cancer xenograft models bearing PI3K/KRas and KRas mutations.
Authors: Sukhvinder S. Sidhu, Coumaran Egile, Marc Malfilatre, Celine Lefranc, Yvette Ruffin, Jianguo Ma, Karl Hsu, Joanne Lager, Stephane Marzabal, Janet A. Ogden, Loic Vincent
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK are interlinked growth and survival signaling pathways that are often constitutively activated in human tumors as a result of amplifications and/or mutations in PIK3CA, RAS and BRAF genes. In the present work, we have investigated the anti-tumor activity and documented the steady state pharmacodynamic impact of combinations between 2 selective pan PI3K Class I inhibitors, SAR245408 (XL147) and SAR245409 (XL765) with the selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, pimasertib (AS703026; MSC1936369B) against several different patient derived colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft models harboring either KRAS mutations, dual KRAS and BRAF mutations or dual KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. In the BRAF driven CRC model, effects of the combinations were not significantly different from that of single agent treatment of pimasertib alone. In the G12V KRAS or G12D KRAS mutant CRC models, both combinations led to significantly greater anti-tumor activity than that of single agent treatment. In the dual PIK3CA/KRAS mutant tumors, combination therapies lead to a potent inhibition of both TORC1 and TORC2 pathways, in addition to inhibition of the MAPK pathway in contrast to single agent treatments. Overall, pimasertib combined with either SAR245409 or SAR245408 showed a significantly greater anti-tumor activity as compared to single agent treatment alone in primary models bearing KRAS mutations or dual PIK3CA/KRAS mutations. The combination of pimasertib and SAR245409 is currently being investigated in patients with PIK3CA/KRAS mutant colorectal cancer as part of an ongoing Phase Ib dose escalation trial of oral combination therapy with pimasertib (MSC1936369B) and SAR245409 in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Citation Format: Sukhvinder S. Sidhu, Coumaran Egile, Marc Malfilatre, Celine Lefranc, Yvette Ruffin, Jianguo Ma, Karl Hsu, Joanne Lager, Stephane Marzabal, Janet A. Ogden, Loic Vincent. Anti-tumor activity of pimasertib in combination with SAR245409 or SAR245408 in human primary colorectal cancer xenograft models bearing PI3K/KRas and KRas mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4638. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4638
400 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF STEREOTACTIC RADIATION THERAPY WITH THE CYBERKNIFE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: S.C. Park, S.D. Lee, J.H. Cho, S.B. Nam, K.Y. Park, S.Y. Lee, J. Kim, C.J. Han, Y.C. Kim, M.S. Kim, K.M. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Studies using more sophisticated methods are needed
Authors: R. Meakin, M. Lloyd, S. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—P Gill and colleagues1 to respond to the challenge posed by Ellis et al2 to assess the extent to which evidence forms the basis of practice in settings other than acute hospitals. They comment on the challenges of identifying the evidence and express concerns about its generalisability and applicability. It is not clear from their methodology, however, whether they assessed the quality of the evidence they identified, though they comment generally on …