tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL: FRACTURE OF FOUR BONES, WITH CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN: RECOVERY
Authors: W. Coulson
Journal: BMJ (1856)

o opatol m.e difcult, and bust ten 61, asit aid In Oh,x.Moreover, it seems probable that the proe e of 'hepstOIa after -the operation, by covering in the front of *e wound, and preventing the free escape of purulent and oee hids, may do harm.
An Unusually Large Hydrocele
Authors: F. W. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1867)

the ingestion of sulphur began; and, though I cannot positively connect the two facts as cause and effect, I have little doubt of their standing in that relation to each other.Wishing, as far as possible, to clear up the matter, I then and there laid a positive interdict upon the use of "flowers of sulphur," let the complexion suffer ever so much in conse- quence; ordered the bromide mixture to be discontinued, and, recom- mending plenty of out-door exercise, took my leave, convinced in my own mind that I had discovered the mzatcries mnorbi of epilepsy in this case at least.I have only to say, in conclusion, that there has been no recurrence of the attacks since; that Kate -continues in the enjoyment of perfect health, all her functions are performed with healthy regularity, and her complexion is far more brilliant than when she was taking the large doses of sulphur to improve it.
Effect of Maturity on Maximal Transdiaphragmatic Pressure in Infants during Crying
Authors: GABRIEL DIMITRIOU, ANNE GREENOUGH, GERRARD F. RAFFERTY, JOHN MOXHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maturation on diaphragmatic function. In addition, we investigated whether noninvasive assessment yielded similar results to invasive measurement. Twenty-eight infants, median gestational age (GA) 35.5 wk (range, 25 to 42 wk) and postconceptional age (PCA), 37.6 wk (range, 32 to 44 wk), were examined. Diaphragmatic function was assessed by measuring the maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure during crying (cPdi) using balloon catheters in the midesophagus (Pes) and the stomach (Pgas). In 14 of the infants, a noninvasive measurement of inspiratory muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), was also made. cPdi and Pimax were recorded during a crying effort with the airway occluded at end-expiration. The median cPdi and Pes during crying (cPes), but not Pgas during crying (cPgas), were significantly lower in those studied at a PCA of less than term compared with those studied at an older age (p < 0.05). cPdi and cPes, but not cPgas, correlated significantly with PCA (r = 0.44, p < 0.02; r = 0.43, p < 0.03; respectively) and gestational age (r = 0.46, p < 0.02 and r = 0.56, p < 0.01; respectively). In the 14 infants, the median Pimax was lower, but it correlated significantly with cPdi (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). We conclude maturation does affect diaphragm function, and Pimax may provide a noninvasive index of diaphragm strength.
Do antidepressants improve negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
Authors: T. R. E. Barnes, C. Paton
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia comprise a range of deficits in communication, emotional responsiveness, socialisation, capacity for experiencing pleasure, and motivation. Negative symptoms occur alongside positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations in acute psychotic episodes, where they generally respond to treatment with antipsychotic medication, but for the 15-20% of patients for whom negative symptoms are enduring,1 2 current treatment strategies have modest benefits at best.

A critical but often difficult clinical distinction is between primary and secondary negative symptoms,3 The former constitute an enduring deficit state within schizophrenia, whereas the latter can be manifestations of depressive features or medication side effects such as bradykinesia (as part of drug induced parkinsonism), or the consequence of positive symptoms (for example, social and emotional withdrawal may be a response to persecutory delusions or reflect a patient’s avoidance of social stimulation to minimise the provocation of intrusive psychotic experiences). Irrespective of cause, persistent negative symptoms disproportionately limit recovery4 and are associated with poorer occupational and social functioning in the community, including a reduced likelihood of living independently.5 6

Findings from studies that have tested drug strategies for negative symptoms in the context of acute psychotic episodes may not be generalisable to those with persistent symptoms. Few published studies have specifically recruited patients with illness characterised by persistent symptoms.

The introduction of the second generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine, was accompanied by claims of better efficacy against negative symptoms, but whether any such effect is independent of an improvement in positive symptoms or medication …
Abstract SY04-04: Vitamin D receptor stromal reprogramming suppresses pancreatitis and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Ronald M. Evans
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The poor clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is attributed to intrinsic chemoresistance and a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Conversion of quiescent to activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) is thought to drive the severe stromal reaction that characterizes PDA. Here we reveal that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in activated human pancreatic tumor stroma as well as in in vivo models of pancreatitis, a known risk factor for PDA. Notably, treatment with the VDR ligand calcipotriol markedly reduced inflammation and fibrosis during pancreatitis and a more pronounced form of the disease developed in VDR knockout mice. We show that VDR acts as a master transcriptional regulator of PSCs to reprise the quiescent state such that ligand-induced stromal remodeling increased intratumoral gemcitabine levels 5-fold and reduced tumor volume. This work describes a molecular strategy through which epigenomic reprogramming of pancreatic tumor stroma rescues/fosters a robust chemotherapeutic response and advocates a reevaluation of vitamin D therapy for PDA. Citation Format: Ronald M. Evans. Vitamin D receptor stromal reprogramming suppresses pancreatitis and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY04-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY04-04
Spinal prosthesis patient dies; new therapies spurred
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The University of Maryland patient who received the first known spinal prosthesis from Maryland surgeon Charles C. Edwards, MD (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 242:1831-1837, 1979) is dead as a result of a severe kidney infection and subsequent meningitis and septic shock. The patient, a 33-year-old mother of two, had a history of kidney difficulties. She had been at home for more than a month when a<i>Pseudomonas</i>infection occurred, forcing rehospitalization. According to University of Maryland hospital officials, at the time of her death the patient remained free of any recurrence of the giant cell spinal tumor, the removal of which had necessitated Edwards' pioneering procedure. By all accounts the custommade spinal prosthesis was a success, giving the patient steadily improving mobility. "Her courage opened new avenues of surgical treatment to other patients," says Edwards. One avenue was immediately evident in the referral of a 30-year-old Illinois man to Edwards last
Tube Feeding in Patients With Advanced Dementia
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane, Colleen Christmas, Kathy Travis
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Patients with advanced dementia frequently develop eating difficulties and weight loss. Enteral feeding tubes are often used in this situation, yet benefits and risks of this therapy are unclear. We searched MEDLINE, 1966 through March 1999, to identify data about whether tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia can prevent aspiration pneumonia, prolong survival, reduce the risk of pressure sores or infections, improve function, or provide palliation. We found no published randomized trials that compare tube feeding with oral feeding. We found no data to suggest that tube feeding improves any of these clinically important outcomes and some data to suggest that it does not. Further, risks are substantial. The widespread practice of tube feeding should be carefully reconsidered, and we believe that for severely demented patients the practice should be discouraged on clinical grounds.
London is to get 12 new specialist stroke and trauma centres
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

New specialist centres that aim to “radically improve” care of patients in London who have had a stroke or major trauma have been given the go-ahead by a joint committee of London primary care trusts.

The first of the eight hyperacute stroke centres and four major trauma centres will open next year, and all the new facilities are expected to be in place by summer 2011.

The centres will operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week and will be staffed by consultant led specialist teams who will have access to the best facilities.

The specialist centres will be linked to local …
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMBINING REGADENOSON WITH SYMPTOM-LIMITED EXERCISE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Matthew W. Parker, Dimitrios Barmpouletos, Steven M. Borer, Afrooz Ardestani, Shishir Mathur, Alan Ahlberg, Giselle Cyr, Deborah Katten, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Ethnic minority groups criticise US report on healthcare disparities
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United States's first national report on disparities in health care has been watered down through the intervention of political appointees seeking to deny the existence of a race based gap in health care in the country, say doctors, congressmen, and ethnic minority pressure groups.

The annual report card was expected to elaborate on the findings of a study in 2002 by the Institute of Medicine, which argued that the evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare …
Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy during Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Mika Rockholt, Carlos Cervera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

An otherwise healthy 48-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after a sudden fever and loss of consciousness. Cranial CT revealed dilatation of the ventricular system and diffuse cerebral edema. The patient also had right hypoglossal-nerve palsy, shown in a video.
Serono pays $44m to settle promotion of multiple sclerosis drug
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

EMD Serono and its affiliates have agreed to pay $44.3m (£27.2m; €31.1m) to resolve allegations relating to the marketing of its multiple sclerosis drug Rebif (interferon beta-1a), the US Department of Justice announced on 4 May.

The department said that the settlement resolved allegations brought under the False Claims Act that Serono paid healthcare providers to promote or prescribe the drug from the time of its launch in January 2002 until December 2009.

The federal government will receive $34.6m and the states will receive $9.7m to resolve their claims under Medicare, …
Control of Ovulation
Authors: Bent G. Böving
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This symposium volume reflects skillful selection of authors as well as good editing. The contributors are all outstanding in their special fields of research; they present detailed and thoroughly documented reports, stick closely to the subject of ovulation control, and, with restriction to warm-blooded animals, cover the principal aspects in which there has been recent progress. Except for a few remarks of chairmen, which pleasantly convey the flavor of a symposium, the discussions are relevant; most are concise; a few have the stature of separate papers complete with references and even tables, graphs, or illustrations. There is also a good index.<i>Control of Ovulation</i>is the finest symposium volume I have read. Categories of factors that are examined include: neural, gonadotropic, steroid (both natural and synthetic), ovarian competence, and functional anatomical aspects of the ovary. The papers are specialized to the degree that only one, Fraps' on chicken ovulation, considers
A comparison of the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous and oral amiodarone in the same patient.
Authors: H J Wellens, P Brugada, H Abdollah, W R Dassen
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In 12 patients (nine with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and three with ventricular tachycardia) the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous (5 mg/kg body weight in 1 min) and oral (total dose 9800 to 11,200 mg) amiodarone were studied with programmed stimulation of the heart. Intravenous and oral amiodarone had a similar (p less than .05) effect of lengthening on the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node. Only intravenous amiodarone prolonged (p less than .05) the AH interval. Oral amiodarone was more effective than intravenous amiodarone in lengthening the anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory atrioventricular pathway. Only oral amiodarone prolonged the effective refractory period of atrium and ventricle and the HV interval, all significantly (p less than .05). Intravenous amiodarone slowed (p less than .05) the rate of circus-movement tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and further slowing was observed after oral amiodarone. Termination of tachycardia by intravenous amiodarone predicted prevention of reinitiation of tachycardia during oral amiodarone. These data indicate that intravenous and oral amiodarone do not have the same electrophysiologic effects. It is not clear whether cumulative effects, active metabolites, or both are responsible for these differences.
EVALUATION OF VAGINAL SMEAR, SERUM GONADOTROPIN, PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE, AND THYROXINE-BINDING AS MEASURES OF PLACENTAL ADEQUACY*
Authors: J. T. Nicoloff, R. Nicoloff, J. T. Dowling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

During pregnancy the characteristic increase in the thyroxine-binding capacity of the circu- lating globulin, TBG (1-3), is associated with a retarded rate of thyroxine turnover (4) and an increase in the concentration of hormonal iodine (PBI) in the plasma (1-4).These alterations in iodine metabolism have not been found in women with choriocarcinomas who excrete large quantities of chorionic gonadotropin ( 5), but do occur in nonpregnant individuals given large quan- tities of estrogens (6-8).It has been concluded, therefore, that during pregnancy these phenomena result from systemic effects of placental estrogens.Moreover, the sera of aborting women often fail to show the characteristic increase in serum PBI (9) and in thyroxine-binding by TBG (2).In the past, attempts have been made to use the concentration of PBI as an indicator of fetal viability (9, 10); however, as appears to be true of studies of urinary or plasma chorionic gonadotropin determinations, pregnandiol and estrogen levels, and vaginal smears (11-15), the PBI has not proved satisfactory for routine use.It ap- peared possible, however, that assessment of TBG might prove of value as an indicator of placental function.For that reason a technique was de- veloped for rapidly estimating serum thyroxinebinding, and its value in predicting the outcome
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Roger P. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 January 2002The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based ApproachRoger P. Smith, PhDRoger P. Smith, PhDDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ernst E, ed. 444 pages. London: Harcourt Pub Ltd (Mosby); 2001. $34.95. ISBN 0723432074. Order phone 800-633-6699.Field of medicine: Multidisciplinary.Format: Paperback book includes a complete CD-ROM for rapid search capability and links to MEDLINE.Audience: Primary care physicians and general internists.Purpose: To summarize the available information on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).Content: The guide includes diagnostic methods, therapies, herbal and nonherbal medicines, and conditions for which CAM might be used. A general topics section with essays on the use of CAM in various countries and legal, ethical, safety, and economic issues is included. Ten diagnostic techniques ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 2002Volume 136, Issue 2Page: 176KeywordsAnticoagulantsComplementary and alternative medicineHerbal medicineHypoglycemicsPharmacologyPrimary care physiciansSafetySoftware toolsToxicologyVitamins ePublished: 15 January 2002 Issue Published: 15 January 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4169: Loss of GPR30 expression identifies estrogen receptor positive endometrial carcinoma patients with poor outcome
Authors: Camilla Krakstad, Jone Trovik, Elisabeth Wik, Ingeborg B. Engelsen, Anne M. Øyan, Ingunn M. Stefansson, Karl-Henning Kalland, Lars A. Akslen, Helga B. Salvesen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In industrialized countries, endometrial cancer is the most common pelvic gynecologic malignancy, with a 2% to 3% lifetime risk. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) is known to be associated with good prognosis and response to anti-hormonal therapy. Still, up to 20% of receptor positive cancers recur. The G-protein coupled receptor GPR30 has been suggested as an alternative estrogen receptor. We have studied a prospective series of 472 endometrial cancer patients by immunohistochemistry and 76 for mRNA expression levels by oligonucleotide array. We identify that loss of GPR30 is significantly correlated with non-endometrioid histology and high histologic grade both at the mRNA and protein levels (all p-values≤0.006). In ER positive patients (n=363), loss of GPR30 significantly correlates with high FIGO stage, non-endometrioid histology and high histologic grade (all p-values≤0.005). Loss of GPR30 reduces the 5-year survival of ER positive patients from 93% to 76% (p=0.003) and identifies a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis that until now has been evaluated as favorable survivors. Examination of the gene expression profile for ER positive tumors with and without loss of GPR30, indicates mechanisms involved related to GPR30 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4169. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4169
Bed sharing and sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: A J Bourne, S M Beal, R W Byard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We agree with R Scragg and colleagues that the role of bed sharing in the sudden infant death syndrome needs further clarification.1 Our view is based on our experience in South Australia, which has a population of about 1.46 million and where virtually all postmortem examinations in cases of the syndrome are carried out at Adelaide Children's Hospital.

Since a large publicity …
Effect of adenosine therapy at reperfusion on myocardial infarct size in dogs
Authors: R VANDERHEIDE, K REIMER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The concept of lethal reperfusion injury in ischemic myocardium has been the subject of controversy. Adenosine administered during reperfusion has been reported to limit lethal reperfusion injury in several studies. On the contrary, it has been reported that cardioprotection may not be achieved with adenosine alone but may occur if adenosine is co-administered with lidocaine. Still other investigators have reported no beneficial effect of adenosine, given with or without lidocaine. If the positive reports are reproducible, they are important both because they provide evidence for the existence of reperfusion injury and establish a rationale for preventing it. Thus, the present study was done to determine if adenosine could limit lethal reperfusion injury in a canine model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, carefully controlled for baseline predictors of infarct size.Dogs (n = 37) of either sex were subjected to 90 min of coronary occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Two groups of dogs received adenosine (150 micrograms/kg/min) intravenously for 155 min starting 5 min prior to the reperfusion. One treated group received adenosine only and a second group received adenosine plus lidocaine (2 mg/kg). Control dogs received a saline infusion. After 3 h of reflow, hearts were excised and infarct size was measured and expressed as a percentage of the ischemic area at risk (AAR). To control for variation in infarct size due to variation in collateral blood flow (CBF), infarct size among groups was compared using ANCOVA, using CBF as the independent variable and infarct size as the dependent variable.Transmural collateral blood flow and AAR were not significantly different between any of the groups. Mean infarct size (adjusted by ANCOVA) in control dogs (n = 9) was 38.1 +/- 5.3% of the AAR. Neither adenosine (n = 9) nor adenosine plus lidocaine (n = 7) significantly limited infarct size (35.6 +/- 5.6% AAR and 38.1 +/- 7.7% AAR, respectively; both P = NS).Intravenous adenosine therapy (150 micrograms/kg/min) during reperfusion, whether administered alone or in dogs previously treated with lidocaine, did not limit infarct size after 90 min of regional ischemia in canine myocardium.
THE SELECTION OF PSYCHIATRIC CASES FOR PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY
Authors: LOTHAR B. KALINOWSKY, JOHN E. SCARFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

We have tried to bring out a number of points which may be helpful in the selection of cases for lobotomy. In future work, individual case reports rather than large statistics should be encouraged after the statistical approach has served its purpose as a rough means of general orientation. Careful psychiatric diagnosis including evaluation of the patient's premorbid personality are prerequisites for a proper selection of cases. Weighing of the patient's illness and of his suffering against possible sequelae of the operation will determine our decision in each individual case. Long-range therapeutic planning is of primary importance since more therapeutic procedures are available. Integration of lobotomy with the other methods at our disposal will definitely increase the number of successfully treated patients in psychiatry.