tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral contraceptive treatment decreases arterial low density lipoprotein degradation in female cynomolgus monkeys.
Authors: J D Wagner, M R Adams, D C Schwenke, T B Clarkson
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The effect of oral contraceptive therapy on early events in atherogenesis was studied in female cynomolgus monkeys. After a 1-month dietary challenge, monkeys were randomized into three groups stratified by total plasma cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The monkeys were then fed a cholesterol-containing diet for 16 weeks. This relatively short period ensured that studies were done before any treatment-induced differences in arterial morphology occurred. Monkeys were treated with either diet alone (control group), with the addition of a monophasic oral contraceptive (equivalent to a human dose of 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 500 micrograms norgestrel per day), or with a triphasic oral contraceptive (equivalent to a human dose of 30-40 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 50-125 micrograms levonorgestrel per day). Twenty-four hours before necropsy, low density lipoproteins (LDLs) labeled with 131I and LDLs labeled with the residualizing label 125I-tyramine cellobiose were injected into the animals. The arterial LDL degradation rate, amount of undegraded LDLs, and total LDL accumulation were then determined. Although there were regional differences in LDL metabolism, both treatments decreased the rate of LDL degradation and LDL accumulation in the coronary arteries and other arterial sites. Treatment also resulted in significantly lower LDL molecular weights. Despite a trend toward a more atherogenic lipid profile (decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased total plasma/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio), oral contraceptive treatment may inhibit atherogenesis by decreasing arterial LDL degradation.
Hypoxia-Independent Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissues during Cold Acclimation
Authors: Yuan Xue, Natasa Petrovic, Renhai Cao, Ola Larsson, Sharon Lim, Shaohua Chen, Helena M. Feldmann, Zicai Liang, Zhenping Zhu, Jan Nedergaard, Barbara Cannon, Yihai Cao
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
News &amp;amp; Numbers: A Guide to Reporting Statistical Claims and Controversies in Health and Other Fields
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Why tell physicians and other medical scientists about a book written for journalists? For one reason, this is one of the more interesting books that probably ever has been written about statistics. The reader who knows almost nothing about statistics will find it a painless introduction to the field. For another, this little book may be a milestone. That is, science writers are finding that their subject matter is becoming more complex by the day. This is particularly true for those who report about medical science. And here we have what might be the start of an interesting trend—a science writer collaborating with experts in a technical field to produce a practical little manual to which fellow journalists can turn for on-the-job assistance. Finally, for those in the medical world who may find themselves the subject of journalistic interest, the book offers some insight into the questions that may be
Data quality of the German Screening Colonoscopy Registry
Authors: Andreas Adler, David Lieberman, Alireza Aminalai, Jens Aschenbeck, Rolf Drossel, Michael Mayr, Michael Mroß, Mathias Scheel, Andreas Schröder, Christoph Keining, Gabriela Stange, Bertram Wiedenmann, Ulrich Gauger, Lutz Altenhofen, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>The German screening colonoscopy program is accompanied by a central registry that records the main outcome quality indicators, namely colonoscopy completion rate, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and complication rate. The aim of the present study was to assess the quality of these registry data by comparing them with data from a prospective quality assurance study based on a self-reporting audit and patient feedback of screening colonoscopy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The completeness of registry information was analyzed by comparing it with prospective data gathered by audit and patient feedback in a previous quality assurance study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00860665) between October 2006 and March 2008. The main outcome parameters were colonoscopy completion rate, ADR, and complication rate. Complications were recorded in three steps in the audit study using case report forms (immediate and subsequent documentation by physicians [CRF-1 and CRF-2], and patient follow-up [CRF-3]), but were documented in the registry without differentiation. <b>Results:</b> A total of 12 134 individuals (mean age 64.5 years; 47 % men) who underwent screening colonoscopy at 19 private practices in Berlin over the 18-month period were included in the audit study. Patient feedback was obtained for 90.1 %. A total of 12 150 cases had been recorded in the registry by the same private practices during the same period. Colonoscopy completion rate and ADR data were comparable in the audit study and registry (completion rate 98.2 % vs. 97.7 %; ADR 21.0 % vs. 20.5 %). However, compared with the registry data, the complication rate was 3.1-fold higher in the audit (0.46 % vs. 0.15 %; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and double (0.33 % vs. 0.15 %; <i>P</i> < 0.05) when patient feedback was not included. <b>Conclusions: </b>Of the screening colonoscopy quality parameters, colonoscopy completion rate and ADR, but not complication rates, were reliably documented in the German national screening colonoscopy registry. Data on complications need to be appropriately standardized and audited in order to be used for credentialing and benchmarking purposes.
Injuries caused by tripping over paving stones: an unappreciated problem.
Authors: H G David, L S Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1990)

This brief article surveys the number and type of injuries sustained by people tripping over uneven or broken paving stones, and warns that the cost of such injuries is considerable. Statistics are provided of cases which were collected retrospectively by analysis of medicolegal reports prepared by the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow during January to December 1988. Patients seen prospectively in the fracture clinic during January to March 1989 were also included. Twenty Seven factures were found in 24 patients, with one case of anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Over 150 patients are referred to fracture clinics each year for such injuries. The cost of treating such patients can be high. These figures also indicate that far more people injure themselves than actually make a claim, although the number of litigations is rising. Over 10000 claims for compensation for injuries as a direct result of tripping over broken, uneven, or loose paving stones were made against local authorities in England and Wales in 1987. Less than 40% were successful: even so, payment exceeded 10 million pounds in 1987 alone. A plea is made for local authorities to ensure that there is adequate funding for footpath maintenance.
Finger Sepsis in Two Poorly Controlled Diabetic Patients With Reuse of Lancets
Authors: Matteo Monami, Edoardo Mannucci, Giulio Masotti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Finger sepsis has been occasionally reported as a complication of home blood glucose self-monitoring (1,2). The use of automatic lancets with disposable needles should theoretically reduce the risk of infection. However, we observed two cases of finger sepsis in patients who used automatic lancets.

M.D., a 61-year-old women with BMI of 33.3 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes duration of 21 years, was treated with insulin (82 units/day in four administrations) and 2,550 mg/day metformin. HbA1c was 14.0% (upper limit of normal 6.2%). The patient showed microalbuminuria with normal creatinine levels, chronic neuropathy with increased vibratory perception threshold bilaterally, …
Antiacetylcholine Receptor Antibodies and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Paul L. Richter
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Ocular Myasthenia: Multiple Recurrences and Spontaneous Remissions" (1982; 247:62), by M. Seth Hochman, MD, was intellectually stimulating. Other neurologists<sup>1</sup>doubt the role of antiacetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). I find this particularly convincing to me because young myasthenics benefit from thymectomy whether or not they have detectable antibodies. Interestingly, even without antibodies and with the thymus gland removed, it is my experience that exacerbations can still be provoked by minor respiratory tract infections. I would appreciate it if Dr Hochman could comment on multiple recurrences and spontaneous remissions without alluding to AChR anti-bodies. bodies. Second, I would like to ask if the long-lived memory T cells may explain some of the residual exacerbations occurring in thymectomized patients.
Treatment of Strokes
Authors: Thomas R. Browne, David C. Poskanzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A REMARKABLE expansion in knowledge of the diagnosis and the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease has occurred in the past 20 years. The role of the extracranial circulation as a cause of intracerebral vascular insufficiency has become generally accepted.1 Physicians now recognize the critical importance of differentiating the four separate diseases that together are termed "stroke" — thrombosis, embolism, intracerebral hemorrhage and ruptured aneurysm. The selection of the therapy of choice for a given type of stroke is extremely difficult. Old modes of therapy have been discarded, and new ones are being tested. A large number of poorly controlled and unscientific . . .
Plasma Cell Dyscrasia
Authors: Albert I. Pick
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Present clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria permit a more accurate diagnosis and closer follow-up of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. A ten-year follow-up of a group of 423 patients showed that the indications for and the adjustment of treatment are more precise when these criteria are summarized into profiles based on each diagnostic category. M components may be an indication of the presence of another sometimes nonreticular malignant neoplasm. The improvement of the specificity and sensitivity of immunologic methods sheds additional light on mechanisms controlling the synthesis of homogeneous antibodies such as prevalence of IgM-κ in mixed cryoglobulinemia and λ-light chains in IgD myeloma, excretion of λ-Bence Jones proteins in amyloidosis, and greater IgG-subclass restriction in multiple myeloma as compared with benign monoclonal gammopathy. The activation of additional clones (biclonal gammopathies) was found in 3% of our patients. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2275-2278, 1979)
Noncariogenic intense natural sweeteners
Authors: A. Douglas Kinghorn, Norito Kaneda, Nam-In Baek, Edward J. Kennelly, Djaja Doel Soejarto
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

There is a definite relationship between the dietary consumption of sucrose and the incidence of dental caries. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages, and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. In the United States, four potently sweet artificial sweeteners are approved, namely, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose. Highly sweet plant constituents are used in Japan and some other countries, including the diterpene glycoside stevioside and the protein thaumatin. Recent progress in a research project oriented towards the discovery and evaluation of novel potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants has focused on substances in the sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroidal saponin, and proanthocyanidin structural classes. The feasibility of using Mongolian gerbil electrophysiological and behavioral assays to monitor the sweetness of plant extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates has been investigated. An in vivo cariogenicity study on the commercially available natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A has been carried out. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 18, No. 5, 347–360, 1998.
CPAP and Reduced Blood Pressure—Reply
Authors: Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, Francisco Campos-Rodriguez, Josep-Maria Montserrat
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disproportional synthesis of the adult duck's two hemoglobins during acute anemia
Authors: John F. Bertles, Thomas A. Borgese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Concurrent synthesis of two or more hemoglobins occurs in normal man, the human hemoglobinopathies, and certain animal species. Duck erythrocytes produced in response to acutely induced anemic hypoxia (hemolysis or blood loss) contained reciprocally altered proportions of Hb I (alpha(2) (I) beta(2) (I)) and Hb II (alpha(2) (II) beta(2) (II)); the relative proportion of Hb II was 50-100% increased. Relative rates of synthesis of the two hemoglobins remained proportional to their new concentrations throughout erythroid maturation. This information favors the proposal that relatively increased activity, not delayed decay, of biosynthetic processes responsible for net synthesis of Hb II had occurred. These studies support the concept that the individual biosyntheses of multiple hemoglobins, presumably under genetic control, are potentially manipulable, and they provide evidence for one mechanism leading in a reproducible fashion to alterations in net synthesis in vivo.
EU supports delay in reducing doctors' hours
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The European Union's Council of Ministers has agreed to delay until 2012 the full implementation of the European 48 hour working time directive to the hours worked by junior hospital doctors.

The European Commission had proposed that junior doctors' hours should be reduced to a maximum of 54 hours a week for seven years followed by implementation of the directive. The new agreement, which was leaked last month (15 May, p 1307), means that the hours will remain the same for …
Cyclosporine A has no direct effect on collagen metabolism by cardiac fibroblasts in vitro.
Authors: E G Eleftheriades, A G Ferguson, A M Samarel
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial interstitial fibrosis observed in heart transplant recipients. However, other confounding variables such as posttransplantation hypertension and rejection episodes may also be responsible for interstitial fibrosis development and associated abnormalities in ventricular diastolic function. Therefore, we examined whether cyclosporine A directly or indirectly affects fibrillar collagen metabolism by cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat cardiac fibroblasts were isolated by collagenase digestion. Subconfluent cultures were then maintained (24 hours) in serum-containing or serum-free medium before addition of cyclosporine A (50-1,000 ng/mL). After an additional 24 hours, total procollagen synthesis, accumulation, and degradation were analyzed by measuring hydroxyproline content in the cell monolayer and in the ethanol-soluble and ethanol-precipitable fractions of the culture medium. mRNA levels for alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) procollagen polypeptides were assessed 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after cyclosporine A treatment using Northern blot analysis. The results were compared with control cultures maintained in the absence of cyclosporine A. There were no differences in procollagen gene expression, total procollagen synthesis, accumulation, or degradation in cardiac fibroblasts treated directly with cyclosporine A, in concentrations up to 1,000 ng/mL, compared with untreated cells. In additional experiments, we examined whether cyclosporine A might stimulate the production of collagen regulatory substances by cardiac myocytes in culture. However, addition of conditioned media from neonatal myocytes maintained in the presence and absence of cyclosporine A (1,000 ng/mL) also had no effect on collagen deposition by cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that cyclosporine A has no direct effect on collagen metabolism by cultured cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, we have excluded a paracrine effect of ventricular myocytes on collagen production in the presence of cyclosporine A. These results suggest that factors other than cyclosporine A are responsible for the interstitial fibrosis observed in cardiac allografts.
Resolving Conflicts in Practice Policies
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AS MORE and more organizations begin to develop practice policies, some are bound to be in conflict, recommending different things for the same patients. It is important to resolve conflicts in policies for several reasons. First, the differences in recommended actions can lead to differences in health outcomes; the existence of conflicting policies implies that at least some patients will be mistreated (unless neither recommendation has any effect on health outcomes). Second, differences in policies cause confusion. Practitioners will be advised to do different things, and will not know the standdards to which they will be held. Patients will get conflicting messages, third-party payers will get the sense that decisions are arbitrary, and quality assurance programs will use different criteria. A third reason to resolve conflicts is that they harm the credibility not only of the policies in question but also of the organizations that issued them. In general, conflicts
Integrating pharmacy fully into the primary care team
Authors: S. Ford, K. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Since teamwork, especially in small, cohesive task specific groups,1 is the central plank on which primary care is now being built, greater interaction between pharmacists and general practitioners could be fruitful. Nevertheless, personal communications from ministers and civil servants reiterate the traditional view that “the separation of prescribing and dispensing ensures that the skills of doctors and pharmacists are used to best effect and that the public has access to both professions.” It is time that these attitudes received the same scrutiny that the rest of primary care has received, especially as the cost of distributing medicines through pharmacies accounts for 30-40% of the total medicines bill.2

Changes in dispensing are under way in other countries,3 involving, for example, mail order. But these fail to build on potential professional collaboration, the desirability of which was implied in a Nuffield report of 1986: “closer relations between GPs and community pharmacists would be in the interests of patients and … more efficient use of resources within the NHS.”4 An opportunity exists for …
Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Network of Dedicated Enrollment Sites
Authors: Faisal G. Bakaeen, Domenic J. Reda, Annetine C. Gelijns, Lorraine Cornwell, Shuab Omer, Rayan Al Jurdi, Panos Kougias, Daniel Anaya, David H. Berger, Grant D. Huang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Surgical clinical trials have played a critical role in shaping clinical practice, yet their launch and conduct remain challenging. Innovative approaches to carrying out such studies can not only help transform how trials produce definitive evidence but also move the field toward increased participation in trials.To review a recently launched pilot program aimed at enhancing patient enrollment and improving surgical trial operations at individual sites and nationally.After a solicitation to create a national network focused on making the conduct of clinical trials more efficient, 10 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) sites were selected. These sites, collectively called the Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) Network of Dedicated Enrollment Sites (NODES), were evaluated with regard to their previous participation in CSP multisite trials, the strength of the local clinical research environment, and presentation of innovative plans to coordinate and enhance the operations of local CSP studies and share best practices with other centers. Node accountability was also emphasized and involved metrics that tracked productivity and efficiency.Building from available CSP experience in a range of clinical trials, including ones involving surgical interventions, NODES provides VA surgeons with resources for facilitating timely study initiation, determining patient availability, and addressing enrollment barriers. Such resources are particularly important for surgical studies, which often face challenges in patient recruitment and retention. In addition, NODES can maintain qualified and trained personnel at sites to support surgeons with limited time to fulfill the numerous administrative and regulatory responsibilities that often fall to the investigators.The VA's approach to enhancing trial efficiency may reinvigorate interest in surgical trials by offering a redesigned cooperative framework that builds on a core of high-yield sites and could mitigate traditional limitations of surgical trials.
The multifunctional Staufen proteins: conserved roles from neurogenesis to synaptic plasticity
Authors: Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Michael A. Kiebler
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2014)

Staufen (Stau) proteins belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that are important for RNA localisation in many organisms. In this review we discuss recent findings on the conserved role played by Stau during both the early differentiation of neurons and in the synaptic plasticity of mature neurons. Recent molecular data suggest mechanisms for how Stau2 regulates mRNA localisation, mRNA stability, translation, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assembly. We offer a perspective on how this multifunctional RBP has been adopted to regulate mRNA localisation under several different cellular and developmental conditions.