tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Additional Benefit of SPECT-CT in Investigating Heel Pain
Authors: Nina Breunung, Tara Barwick, Rashika Fernando, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Sanjay Vijayanathan, Mohan Hosahalli, Ignac Fogelman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 21-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of right heel pain. There was no history of trauma. Clinically, Achilles tendonitis was suspected. Plain radiography demonstrated a right plantar calcaneal spur. Bone scintigraphy (planar imaging and SPECT/CT) revealed changes in keeping with a right-sided plantar fasciitis, with an enthesopathy at the site of the Achilles tendon insertion and an associated bursitis. The modalities most commonly used to investigate heel pain are ultrasound and MRI. However, this case highlights the utility of hybrid SPECT/CT imaging in the anatomic localization of increased metabolic activity.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, C. M. Van Allen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

An experiment is reported in which an environment of constant and continuous light excluding the shorter ultra-violet rays, and one of constant darkness, have influenced the course and character of a malignant disease of rabbits induced by a transplantable neoplasm. Under the influence of constant light the level of malignancy was observed to be low; under the influence of constant darkness the level of malignancy was somewhat lower than in the control animals living under ordinary indoor light conditions, but the level was not as low as among the animals constantly illuminated. These observations furnish experimental evidence in support of the idea that there is a correlation between the external factor of light on the one hand and the manifestations of an experimental malignant disease on the other.
Novel Associations Between Bioavailable Estradiol and Adipokines in Elderly Women With Different Phenotypes of Obesity
Authors: László B. Tankó, Jens M. Bruun, Peter Alexandersen, Yu Z. Bagger, Bjørn Richelsen, Claus Christiansen, Philip J. Larsen
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Peripheral adiposity confers protection against diabetes and atherosclerosis in elderly women. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated.On the basis on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of central fat mass (CFM) and peripheral fat mass (PFM), we identified 290 elderly women with distinct forms of body fat distribution (lean, peripheral obesity, central obesity, or general obesity). Study parameters were plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, adiponectin, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin resistance, and aortic calcification, graded on lateral radiography. In peripherally and generally obese women, plasma estradiol and insulin resistance were significantly lower, whereas sex hormone-binding globulin and adiponectin were significantly higher compared with centrally obese women independent of age, body mass index, total fat mass, and smoking habits (all P<0.05). After adjustment for these confounders, IL-6 in centrally obese women was comparable with that seen in generally obese (similar high CFM%) but significantly higher than in peripherally obese women and lean women (low CFM%). Atherosclerosis was less severe in generally obese (2.5+/-0.3) compared with centrally obese women (5.0+/-0.7, P=0.001). In multiple regression analysis, total fat mass, body fat distribution, insulin resistance, estradiol, current smoking, treated hyperlipidemia, and treated hypertension contributed independently to the variation of aortic calcification (R=0.55, SEE=3.60, P<0.001).Abundant presence of PFM in generally obese women is associated with increased plasma adiponectin and higher insulin sensitivity, which could explain the apparent protection against the atherogenic effects of IL-6 derived from CFM. Low peripheral exposure to estradiol appears to be a sine qua non of maintained adiponectin secretion from PFM.
TCT-567 Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Percutaneous Treatment of Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Felipe Hernandez, Sandra Mayordomo, Alberto Mendoza, Dolores Herrera, Carolina Granda, Lola Villagraz, Leticia Blazquez, M. Teresa Velazquez, Julio García-Tejada, Jose M. Velasco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Gerald Joseph Siegler
Authors: Todd D Wauchob
Journal: BMJ (2006)

served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Normandy, Belgium, and Rhodesia before joining his brother in general practice in Bellshill in industrial Lanarkshire.After retirement in 1978 he did locum work.He was chairman of Lanarkshire Medical Committee for 12 years.In addition to an avid interest in politics, sport, crosswords, and puddings, he supplied family, friends and neighbours with plants annually, and grew show chrysanthemums, winning many prizes locally and nationally.He was chairman of the Scottish Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society for many years.David survived cancer three times.
Amylase Activity in Hyperlipemic Pancreatitis
Authors: S. Mishkin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter is written in regard to the article by Fallat et al, "Suppression of Amylase Activity by Hypertriglyceridemia" (225:1331, 1973). The authors investigated the etiology of normal amylase values frequently recorded in patients with hyperlipemic pancreatitis.<sup>1</sup>The thesis developed is that patients with hyperlipemic pancreatitis do, in fact, have elevated serum amylase levels and that "serial dilutions of serum with saline solution allow correction to 'actual' amylase in hyperlipemic serum." knowledge of a corrected amylase level, coupled with the clinical course, would help to confirm a primary diagnosis of acute hyperlipemic pancreatitis, and allow prompt surgical intervention to be delayed or deferred in favor of intensive medical therapy. In view of the far-reaching implications of these conclusions, we feel compelled to express our skepticism, supported by our experience with a patient with hyperlipemic pancreatitis. In the saline dilution studies described, the authors do not allow
A randomized comparison of metoclopramide and domperidone on plasma aldosterone concentration and on spironolactone-induced diuresis in ascitic cirrhotic patients
Authors: Agesilao D-Arienzo, Gabriella Ambrogio, Pasqualina Di Siervi, Enzo Perna, Giovanni Squame, Gabriele Mazzacca
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The effect of metoclopramide and domperidone, two dopamine antagonists, administered to cirrhotic patients with ascites and secondary hyperaldosteronism, was examined to evaluate the changes in plasma aldosterone levels and in spironolactone–induced diuresis. In 15 patients with ascites and secondry hyperaldosteronism, the intravenous administration of 10 mg metoclopramide significantly increased plasma aldosterone levels (23%, p &lt; 0.01). This effect was observed when an equivalent dose of domperidone was administered. In 20 ascitic patients treated with spironolactone (300 mg per day), the administration of metoclopramide (20 mg) significantly reduced urinary output (24%, p &lt; 0.001) and urinary sodium (35%, p &lt; 0.001) while simultaneously increasing urinary potassium (24%, p &lt; 0.001) and plasma aldosterone (40%, p &lt; 0.001). This effect was not observed with domperidone in an equivalent dose. Therefore, it is recommended that metoclopramide should be avoided during diuretic therapy in cirrhotic patients with ascites. In these circumstances, domperidone is preferred.
The use of vasoconstrictors in patients with cirrhosis: Type 1 HRS and beyond
Authors: Richard Moreau, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

In patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), systemic vasodilation, which is mainly attributable to splanchnic vasodilation, plays a critical role in the activation of endogenous vasoconstrictor systems, resulting in renal vasoconstriction and functional renal failure. It has been suggested that the use of splanchnic (and systemic) vasoconstrictors such as terlipressin (a vasopressin analog) or alpha-1-adrenoceptor agonists (midodrine or noradrenaline) may improve renal function in patients with type 1 HRS. Six studies (with only one randomized study in a small series of patients) have shown that terlipressin improves renal function in these patients. However, there is evidence that terlipressin alone may be less effective than terlipressin combined with intravenous albumin in improving renal function. Future randomized studies should confirm this difference and evaluate the impact of terlipressin therapy (with or without intravenous albumin) on survival. Interestingly, in nonrandomized studies, the use of alpha-1 agonists combined with other therapies (octreotide and albumin for midodrine; furosemide and albumin for noradrenaline) has been shown to improve renal function in patients with type 1 HRS. The efficacy and safety of combined therapies including alpha-1 agonists should be confirmed in randomized studies. Finally, preliminary evidence suggests that vasoconstrictor administration may be a novel therapeutic approach targeting vasodilation involved in the mechanism of: (1) renal failure in type 2 HRS; (2) paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction; and (3) arterial hypotension induced by byproducts of gram-negative bacteria. Further studies are needed in all these fields.
Independent Prognostic Value of Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Unstable Angina
Authors: Ernesto R. Ferreirós, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Rodolfo Pizarro, Pablo F. García Merletti, Gianni Corrado, Arturo Cagide, Oscar O. Bazzino
Journal: Circulation (1999)

There is growing evidence of the prognostic importance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in unstable angina. However, the independent value of CRP relative to other conventional markers at different stages of treatment has not been established. Therefore, we assessed the in-hospital and 90-day prognostic values of serum CRP in unstable angina. We also compared the relation of CRP at admission and discharge with 90-day outcome.One hundred ninety-four consecutive patients were included in a derivation (n = 105) and a validation set (n = 89). Serum CRP was measured at admission, at 48 hours, and at hospital discharge. A cutoff point of 1.5 mg/dL for CRP provided optimum sensitivity and specificity for adverse outcome, based on the receiver operator curves. No association was found between CRP on admission and in-hospital outcome. CRP at admission, adjusted for age, ECG findings on admission, silent ischemia, left ventricular wall motion score, and high-risk clinical presentation, was related to the combined end point of refractory angina, myocardial infarction, or death at 90 days (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.3, P = 0.002). CRP at hospital discharge was the strongest independent marker of an adverse outcome (HR 3.16, 95% CI 2.0 to 5.2, P = 0.0001). These results were confirmed in the validation set (CRP at discharge: HR 3. 3, 95% CI 2.0 to 7.69, P = 0.0001).In unstable angina, CRP is a strong independent marker of increased 90-day risk. Compared with CRP at admission, CRP at discharge is better related to later outcome and could be of great utility for risk stratification.
Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With the Selective Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist Sitaxsentan
Authors: Robyn J. Barst, David Langleben, David Badesch, Adaani Frost, E. Clinton Lawrence, Shelley Shapiro, Robert Naeije, Nazzareno Galie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Question 1.What percentage of the global burden of coronary heart disease occurs in developing countries?20%-30% 40%-50% Over 60% Question 2.Where does ischemic heart disease rank in the leading causes of death in people aged 15-59 years?It ranks fi rst, followed by HIV/AIDS and then tuberculosis (TB) It ranks second after HIV/AIDS, and TB is third It ranks third after HIV/AIDS (fi rst) and TB (second)
Relation between severe illness and non-completion of quality-of-life questionnaires by patients with rectal cancer
Authors: I. Kopp, W. Lorenz, M. Rothmund, M. Koller
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome measure in clinical studies, but interpretation is hindered by incompleteness of data. We addressed this issue in a population-based cohort study of 146 patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer. QoL was assessed by means of European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires at discharge from hospital after primary treatment and then every 3 months for 2 years. In parallel, objective clinical data were documented. Analyses were conducted in three steps: participants versus non-participants with QoL-assessment; poor compliers who filled in only one or two questionnaires (n=20) versus good compliers who filled in all or nearly all questionnaires (n=18); and the proportion of missing forms and critical (very poor) QoL scores in risk patients versus non-risk patients over the course of 2 years. Non-participants and poor compliers were older, were more likely to receive palliative (rather than curative) treatment, and had worse scores for physical status. Tumour progression and therapeutic interventions were more frequent in poor compliers than in good-compliers. Patients with risk factors (age <75 years, poor physical status, palliative treatment) were more likely to have missing questionnaires and critical QoL scores in respect of physical functioning and global quality of life over the course of 2 years. Missing values for QoL have clinical as well as methodological implications, because QoL scores can enhance a clinician's insight. Unwillingness to fill in a questionnaire is an indicator of serious illness. Studies that report sample statistics without specifying compliance rates and the characteristics of non-compliers will give a misleadingly positive picture.
Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: a population-based study.
Authors: A M Menezes, C G Victora, M Rigatto
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Chronic bronchitis causes high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is basically a preventable disease. However, few population based studies of chronic bronchitis have been carried out in less developed countries.A population based cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and associated risk factors in an urban area (Pelotas) of southern Brazil. 1053 subjects aged 40 years and over (90.3% of eligible subjects) were interviewed using the ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire.Of the subjects interviewed 12.7% were classified as having chronic bronchitis. In univariate analyses a significant increase in the relative odds of chronic bronchitis was seen in men (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.13), low family income (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.47 for lowest quartile), low schooling (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.36 to 9.18 for those with no schooling), smoking habits (OR = 6.92, 95% CI 4.22 to 11.36 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day), high occupational exposure to dust (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.94), inadequate housing (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.58), high level of indoor air pollution (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.99), and reported childhood respiratory illnesses (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.49). Multiple logistic regression resulted in the identification of the following independent risk factors: family income (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.81 for subjects in the lowest quartile compared with those in the highest quartile), schooling (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 2.52 to 12.45 for subjects with no schooling compared with those with nine or more years), smoking (OR = 8.10, 95% CI 4.46 to 14.71 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day compared with non-smokers), and history of major respiratory illnesses in childhood (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.85).Low family income, poor schooling, smoking, and childhood respiratory illnesses were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis.
Relationship Between Serum Concentrations of the Growth Factor Pleiotrophin and Pleiotrophin-Positive Tumors
Authors: Boussad Souttou, Hartmut Juhl, Joannah Hackenbruck, Marianne Röckseisen, Hans-Jürgen Klomp, Daniel Raulais, Marc Vigny, Anton Wellstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Growth factors produced by tumor cells are essential for tumor expansion and may be useful in monitoring tumor progression or therapeutic efficacy if the factors are released into the circulation. In this study, we measured serum levels of pleiotrophin, a secreted heparin-binding growth and angiogenesis factor, in mice bearing human tumor xenografts to determine whether these levels reflected overall tumor burden, and we examined the relationship between tumor expression of pleiotrophin and serum levels of this factor in patients with cancer. Methods: Pleiotrophin in serum from mice and humans was measured by use of a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the clinical studies, serum specimens were obtained from 193 patients with various cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and from 28 healthy control subjects. In a subset of 64 cancer patients, serum levels of pleiotrophin were measured at the time of surgery, and tumor expression of this factor was detected immunohistochemically. All P values are two-sided. Results: In mice, serum pleiotrophin levels were found to increase as a function of tumor size. In humans, elevated serum pleiotrophin levels were found in patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 41; P<.0001) and colon cancer (n = 65; P = .0079) but not in patients with stomach cancer (n = 87; P =.42). A statistically significant positive association was found between elevated levels of pleiotrophin in serum drawn at the time of surgery and expression of this factor by tumors (P<.0001). In both mice and humans, serum pleiotrophin levels dropped after successful tumor removal. Conclusions: Elevated serum pleiotrophin levels can indicate the presence of tumors expressing this factor. Monitoring serum levels of pleiotrophin may prove useful in determining the pharmacologic efficacy of cytotoxic or anti-pleiotrophin therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1468-73]
Phenotypic Investigation of Human Eyes with Transplanted Autologous Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Sheets for Severe Ocular Surface Diseases
Authors: Takahiro Nakamura, Tsutomu Inatomi, Leanne J. Cooper, Helen Rigby, Nigel J. Fullwood, Shigeru Kinoshita
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Additional chromosomal abnormalities and variability of BCR breakpoints in Philadelphia chromosome/BCR‐ABL‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Taiwan
Authors: Bor‐Sheng Ko, Jih‐Lu Tang, Fen‐Yu Lee, Ming‐Chi Liu, Woei Tsai, Yao‐Chang Chen, Chiu‐Hwa Wang, Ming‐Chin Sheng, Dong‐Tsam Lin, Kai‐Hsin Lin, Hwei‐Fang Tien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

From 1986 to 1998, 26 (23%) of 114 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and 11 (4%) of 328 pediatric patients were found to have Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. In the 30 patients with available data at diagnosis, 18 (60%) had extra-chromosomal abnormalities. They included 1q duplication (5/18, 28%), supernumerary Ph chromosome (4/18, 22%), 9p abnormalities (3/18, 17%), 7q deletion/monosomy 7 (3/18, 17%), trisomy 19 (1/18, 6%), and trisomy 8 (1/18, 6%). Excluding those with specific cytogenetic changes, only one patient had hyperdiploid karyotype with more than 50 chromosomes. The incidence of 1q duplication was higher and that of hyperdiploidy was lower in this study than has been previously reported. There was no prognostic implication of these additional cytogenetic abnormalities. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 14 (27%) of 53 unselected adult ALL patients and 2 (5%) of 38 unselected pediatric patients were BCR-ABL-positive, including one adult and two children without Ph chromosome. The BCR-ABL fusion genes/transcripts were also present in all other 16 selected Ph-positive ALL patients. The BCR-ABL fusion subtypes were determined in all these 32 patients: 91% (11/12) childhood cases showed m-type fusion gene while 45% (9/20) adult ones did so (P = 0.0083). The clinical outcome was similar between the two groups of patients with m-type and M-type BCR-ABL. In conclusion, both cytogenetic and molecular studies are very helpful for identifying the subgroup of ALL patients with Ph/BCR-ABL. The additional cytogenetic abnormalities and subtypes of BCR-ABL fusion genes/transcripts had no significant implications in this group of patients.
Molecular consequences of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in the exocrine pancreas
Authors: N Ahmed
Journal: Gut (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that the actual or predicted consequences of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene correlate with the pancreatic phenotype and with measures of quantitative exocrine pancreatic function.We assessed 742 patients with cystic fibrosis for whom genotype and clinical data were available. At diagnosis, 610 were pancreatic insufficient, 110 were pancreatic sufficient, and 22 pancreatic sufficient patients progressed to pancreatic insufficiency after diagnosis.We identified mutations on both alleles in 633 patients (85.3%), on one allele in 95 (12.8%), and on neither allele in 14 (1.9%). Seventy six different mutations were identified. The most common mutation was DeltaF508 (71.3%) followed by G551D (2.9%), G542X (2.3%), 621+1G-->T (1.2%), and W1282X (1.2%). Patients were categorized into five classes according to the predicted functional consequences of each mutation. Over 95% of patients with severe class I, II, and III mutations were pancreatic insufficient or progressed to pancreatic insufficiency. In contrast, patients with mild class IV and V mutations were consistently pancreatic sufficient. In all but four cases each genotype correlated exclusively with the pancreatic phenotype. Quantitative data of acinar and ductular secretion were available in 93 patients. Patients with mutations belonging to classes I, II, and III had greatly reduced acinar and ductular function compared with those with class IV or V mutations.The predicted or known functional consequences of specific mutant alleles correlate with the severity of pancreatic disease in cystic fibrosis.
AN URBAN POPULATION'S OPINION AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: PAUL V. LEMKAU, GUIDO M. CROCETTI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. I believe the authors have obtained from their sample a response which is very likely more in keeping with the true level of knowledge, understanding, and tolerance, in spite of the fact that their data proved contrary to what was apparently their original hypotheses. 2. The population sample is, in my opinion, different from those studied elsewhere and this may account in part for the responses. 3. For at least a significant segment of the study population, it is unlikely that they have responded to mental health education as carried out in the past few years and, therefore, that this does not indicate that such educational programs have brought about the findings of this study. 4. I should like to congratulate the authors for carrying out a well planned study which will likely lead the way to a more accurate appreciation of the opinion and knowledge of population groups with respect to the mental illnesses.
WHO survey finds half of countries do not have clinical guidelines for treating hepatitis
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Only half of countries around the world have clinical guidelines for the treatment of hepatitis and less than half have key medications for treating hepatitis B and C on their list of essential medicines, a survey by the World Health Organization has found.1

The first ever survey on the global response to hepatitis found that only 64 out of the 126 member states that responded have clinical guidelines for the treatment of the disease. And just 35 of these …