tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in CD4+ T-cells reflects heterogeneity in infant wheezing phenotypes
Authors: B. Kapitein, M. O. Hoekstra, E. H. J. Nijhuis, D. J. Hijnen, H. G. M. Arets, J. L. L. Kimpen, E. F. Knol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Although a marked increase in the reporting of wheezing symptoms since the mid-1970s has been described, the underlying immunopathology of the different wheezing phenotypes has not been clarified. Since differences in gene expression might be involved, the objective of the present study was to identify gene expression profiles in CD4+ T-cells from two distinct infant wheezing phenotypes. The gene expression profiles of peripheral CD4+ T-cells were compared by means of microarray analysis of six transient wheezers, six persistent wheezers and seven healthy controls. The differentially expressed genes were subsequently validated by RT-PCR. The differential gene expression profiles reflected common immunological pathways involved in apoptosis or proliferation of T-cells. Furthermore, both wheezing phenotypes showed decreased expression of the complement component 5 receptor 1 gene, a gene involved in the regulation of bronchial responsiveness. Moreover, differences in gene expression profiles were found in genes involved in the immune response against respiratory syncytial virus, such as those encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and an inflammatory mediator showing enhanced production in asthma (prostaglandin E 2 receptor 2). The present findings suggest that clinical symptoms of wheeze are reflected in common immunological pathways, whereas differences between wheezing phenotypes are, in part, reflected in distinct gene expression profiles.
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: PHILIPPE COUMEL, MARC WAYNBERGER, ALEXANDRE FABIATO, ROBERT SLAMA, JACQUES AIGUEPERSE, YVES BOUVRAIN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Total atrioventricular bypass (Kent bundle) does not explain all the findings in some cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White (W-P-W) syndrome. Two cases are reported in which two accessory pathways, set in series or in parallel, could be demonstrated. In case 1, a short P-R interval, gap phenomenon, and presence of delta wave with either a short or long P-R interval suggested the hypothesis of an atrio-His accessory path (James fibers). The presence of a type-B delta wave during His stimulation demonstrated the takeoff of another bypass (Mahaim fibers) below or at the point of stimulation. The His-ventricle accessory path had a supernormal phase of conduction during either atrial or His stimulation. In case 2, the rapid spread of the impulse to the His bundle (P-H 65 msec) was responsible for a normal H-R interval (35 msec) during either reciprocating tachycardia or normal sinus rhythm wtih a nonwidened QRS and minimal W-P-W deformity (partial cancellation of the delta wave). During reciprocating tachycardia, alternatively short and long P'-H intervals with constant H-R (His bundle) and R-P' (Kent bundle) were due to alternate antegrade atrio-His conduction through the atrionodal nodal bypass (James fibers) and the A-V node. Surgical findings confirmed the existence of a left bundle of Kent. The division of the His bundle resulted in a maximal W-P-W deformity (type A) and abolished the reciprocating tachycardia.
Insurance Coverage for "Mental and Nervous Conditions": Developments and Problems
Authors: SIMON L. AUSTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The author reviews the evidence for the probable acceleration of insurance coverage for mental illness treatment and points out the flaws in some of the arguments advanced by insurers against the feasibility of increased coverage. He suggests some areas in which the profession should focus efforts toward attaining more comprehensive benefits, including the coverage of all accepted types of treatment and of newly emerging consultative services, as well as the pooling of family benefits. The need for peer review as a control measure is also stressed.
Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study
Authors: L. Bernardi, P. Sleight, G. Bandinelli, S. Cencetti, L. Fattorini, J. Wdowczyc-Szulc, A. Lagi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To test whether rhythmic formulas such as the rosary and yoga mantras can synchronise and reinforce inherent cardiovascular rhythms and modify baroreflex sensitivity. <b>Design:</b> Comparison of effects of recitation of the Ave Maria (in Latin) or of a mantra, during spontaneous and metronome controlled breathing, on breathing rate and on spontaneous oscillations in RR interval, and on blood pressure and cerebral circulation. <b>Setting:</b> Florence and Pavia, Italy. <b>Participants:</b> 23 healthy adults. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Breathing rate, regularity of breathing, baroreflex sensitivity, frequency of cardiovascular oscillations. <b>Results:</b> Both prayer and mantra caused striking, powerful, and synchronous increases in existing cardiovascular rhythms when recited six times a minute. Baroreflex sensitivity also increased significantly, from 9.5 (SD 4.6) to 11.5 (4.9) ms/mm Hg, P&lt;0.05. <b>Conclusion:</b> Rhythm formulas that involve breathing at six breaths per minute induce favourable psychological and possibly physiological effects. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Reduced heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity are powerful and independent predictors of poor prognosis in heart disease Slow breathing enhances heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity by synchronising inherent cardiovascular rhythms <h3>What this study adds</h3> Recitation of the rosary, and also of yoga mantras, slowed respiration to almost exactly 6/min, and enhanced heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity The rosary might be viewed as a health practice as well as a religious practice
Cost Sharing for Health Care — Whose Skin? Which Game?
Authors: Peter B. Bach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In this issue of the Journal, Trivedi and colleagues1 examine the effect of cost sharing on the use of screening mammography among women enrolled in Medicare managed-care plans from 2001 to 2004. Focusing on more than 350,000 women between the ages of 65 and 69 years, the authors show that cost sharing — either in the form of copayments (in which patients pay flat fees when they receive services) or coinsurance (in which patients pay a fixed percentage of the cost of those services) — reduces the number of women who undergo mammography. The effects are large relative to the . . .
Endothelial cell culture: beginnings of modern vascular biology
Authors: Ralph L. Nachman, Eric A. Jaffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins were first successfully cultured in vitro in 1973. Weibel-Palade bodies and the von Willebrand factor antigen were used as morphological, immunohistochemical, and functional markers to unequivocally identify the cells. These landmark studies helped initiate the growth of modern vascular biology.
Liver Function Tests in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Pasi I Salmela, Eero A Sotaniemi, Marja Niemi, Olli Mäentausta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Nine different liver function tests (LFT) were assessed in 175 unselected diabetic outpatients stabilized on diet, insulin, or oral hypoglycemic drugs. In another group of 72 diabetic inpatients having diagnostic liver biopsy, relationships between LFT and histologic changes in the liver were investigated. Abnormalities in at least one of the tests were noted in 57% of the outpatients, and two tests gave pathologic results in 27%. The non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients more often had abnormal LFT results than did the insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Serum chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations were increased in 27%, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT) activities in 19%, and alanine aminotransferase (Alt) activities in 17% of the outpatients, but the increases were rarely more than twice the upper limit of normal. In multivariate analysis, outpatients who were overweight, showed poor diabetes control during a short duration of diabetes controlled by treatment with diet or oral agents, and had a mature age at onset of diabetes displayed the most significant clinical explanatory variables associated with abnormal Alt. In the inpatients, the percentages of abnormal Alt and gGT results were augmented, along with increasing severity of histologic changes, but the mean values of Alt and gGT did not differ significantly between the various histologic groups. In addition, the diabetic patients with nonspecific inflammatory changes or increase in liver fibrosis often showed normal or only minor elevations in these test values.
Ultrasound in developing world
Authors: Peter F Hoyer, Martin Weber
Journal: The Lancet (1997)

We agree with S Mindel (Aug 9, p 426)1Mindel S Role of imager in developing world..Lancet. 1997; 350: 426-429Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (64) Google Scholar that ultrasound is useful in tropical countries. Unfortunately, most clinicians in developing countries have not been trained in ultrasonography and regard it as technical equipment not to be used by clinicians. By contrast, in some European countries ultrasound is viewed as part of the clinical evaluation of the patient. In Germany, for example, paediatricians and internists are required to learn about ultrasound and conduct examinations as part of their training. We believe that this approach would be useful in developing countries. In The Gambia, ultrasound images have been available for the past 10 years, but were used in rather a haphazard way depending on the background, interest, and skills of the physicians who had access to the machines. To improve this we organised training for physicians in the principles and applications of ultrasound earlier this year. One of us (PFH), an experienced paediatric ultrasonographer, spent 2 weeks in three hospitals in the Gambia, working with the locally available machines and investigating patients for whom ultrasound could potentially provide a diagnosis. Our aim was to teach problem-solving techniques rather than simply demonstrating the use of ultrasound. After a short demonstration of the technical background of ultrasound and the physical factors that contribute to the imaging, we proceeded to practical training with a group of about 20 doctors. Our practical sessions were changed from hospital to hospital on a daily basis to reflect the needs of each hospital. This approach reduced the constraints on the staff who attended the course. Each doctor received hands-on training on how to use the ultrasound probe to create standardised cross-sectional planes and how to standardise the order of the investigation. Patients with different symptoms and masses were investigated by the participating doctors with special emphasis on how to approach each case. The findings were interpreted by the whole group who discussed how this examination could save further investigations. We believe that this cost-effective approach is suitable for other developing countries. Eight physicians could be given in-depth training with another 12 introduced to the principles of ultrasonography for the cost of one airline ticket for the instructor. Because the training is based in local hospitals, no further adaptation of the acquired knowledge to local circumstances is needed. More courses in ultrasound are needed in developing countries, and we agree with Mindel that training programmes in clinical ultrasound be incorporated into the medical school curriculum in developing countries.
1188 COMBINATION THERAPY OF TMC647055 WITH SIMEPREVIR (TMC435) IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: S. Bourgeois, H.W. Reesink, J. Leempoels, L. Vijgen, M.-C. Rouan, K. Marien, P. Van Remoortere, G. Fanning, G. Picchio, K. Simmen, R. Verloes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial
Authors: Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Walter Reinisch, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Gerassimos J Mantzaris, Asher Kornbluth, Robert Diamond, Paul Rutgeerts, Linda K Tang, Freddy J Cornillie, William J Sandborn
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> The Crohn9s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) has been criticised due to heavy weighting on subjective clinical symptoms. C-reactive protein (CRP) and endoscopic lesions are objective measures of inflammation. We investigated the relationships between clinical disease activity, CRP normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn9s disease (CD). <h3>Methods</h3> The Study of Biologic and Immunomodulator Naive Patients in CD trial compared infliximab to azathioprine and to infliximab plus azathioprine in 508 CD patients. Mucosal healing was defined as the absence of mucosal ulceration at the week 26 ileocolonoscopy in a patient who had evidence of ulceration at the baseline ileocolonoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> 188 patients who had evaluable ileocolonoscopy with evidence of mucosal ulceration at baseline, CDAI scores and CRP values at baseline and week 26 were analysed. Seventy-two of 136 patients (53%) who had a CDAI&lt;150 at week 26 achieved mucosal healing, and 38 of 90 patients (42%) achieved both CRP normalisation (CRP&lt;0.8 mg/dL) and mucosal healing while in clinical remission. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CDAI to detect mucosal healing using 150 as a cut-off for CDAI were 65% and 53%, respectively. The PPV and NPV of CDAI to detect mucosal healing and CRP normalisation using 150 as a cut-off for CDAI were 79% and 42%, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Half the patients under azathioprine and/or infliximab in clinical remission have endoscopic and/or CRP evidence of residual active CD, whereas other patients with endoscopic and CRP normalisation have persistent clinical symptoms. Clinical symptoms as scored by CDAI are not a reliable measure of the underlying inflammation.
Polyion complex micelles entrapping cationic dendrimer porphyrin: effective photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Guo-Dong Zhang, Atsushi Harada, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Dong-Lin Jiang, Hiroyuki Koyama, Takuzo Aida, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
The Phoenix and the Eagle
Authors: Philip Cash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

In 1780 and 1781, amidst war, revolution, and the building of a nation, Massachusetts experienced a burst of institutional creativity. Out of this came the Boston and Massachusetts medical societies. These societies succeeded in bringing together Boston's diversified and contentious medical men (old and new, Whig and Tory) into an institutionalized and more professionally conscious community of physicians. The Boston Medical Society had a direct role in the founding of the Massachusetts Medical Society and an indirect role in the founding of the Harvard Medical School. The three major early goals of the Massachusetts Medical Society were to examine candidates for medical practice, to promote and disseminate medical and scientific knowledge, and to achieve a sense of collegiality and good will among its members. Boston's physicians during the Revolution benefited greatly from the presence of French military doctors.
Reviews: Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Michael D. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 January 1997Reviews: Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal DisordersMichael D. BrownMichael D. BrownSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Olden KW; ed. 410 pages. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996. $135.00. ISBN 0824794095. Order phone 800-228-1160.Field of medicine: Primary care and psychiatry.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, and psychiatrists.Purpose: To provide a clinically based overview of functional bowel disorders with emphasis on their psychophysiologic aspects.Content: Most chapters are organized according to anatomic portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Other sections deal with the classification of functional bowel diseases and available therapeutic options. The psychodynamics of functional bowel disease are covered in greater depth than is pathophysiology.Highlights: This book provides a well-organized discussion of gastrointestinal ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 176KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyGastrointestinal tractInflammatory bowel diseasePrimary care physicians ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Rapist and Victim
Authors: Carol C. Nadelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Rape is a crime of violence that is expressed in the sexual act.1 2 3 Women are usually the victims, although men may also be raped. Although the victim is assaulted physically, her autonomy and self-esteem are even more profoundly violated. For the victim, rape is experienced as a life-threatening crisis that has both immediate and long-term effects.Elsewhere in this issue of the Journal, Drs. Groth and Burgess focus attention on certain aspects of the rapist's behavior. They find a very high rate of sexual dysfunction in the rapist during rape. This evidence implies that, for the rapist, rape is not . . .
IN VITRO STUDIES ON RADIATION LYMPHOID RECOVERY OF MOUSE SPLEEN
Authors: Amiela Globerson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

In vitro studies, utilizing an organ culture method were reported on mutual interactions between irradiated spleen, normal bone marrow, and thymus. It has been shown; (a) that singly isolated spleen explants were incapable of lymphoid regeneration, (b) thymus had no stimulatory effect on spleen regeneration, (c) bone marrow interacted synergistically with spleen leading to appearance of lymphoid cells which were not detected in singly isolated bone marrow or spleen, and (d) no stimulation of lymphopoiesis in bone marrow was conferred by thymus in the absence of spleen. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms involved in lymphoid radiation recovery in vivo.
Growth retardation and dyslymphopoiesis accompanied by G2/M arrest in APEX2-null mice
Authors: Yasuhito Ide, Daisuke Tsuchimoto, Yohei Tominaga, Manabu Nakashima, Takeshi Watanabe, Kunihiko Sakumi, Mizuki Ohno, Yusaku Nakabeppu
Journal: Blood (2004)
Wild-type but not interferon-?-deficient T cells induce graft arterial disease in the absence of B cells
Authors: Y FURUKAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine produced primarily by T cells and by activated macrophages, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of graft arterial disease (GAD). This study investigated whether T cells can induce GAD in the absence of humoral alloresponses and whether activated macrophages or other host cell types can substitute as sources of IFN-gamma in GAD.Wild-type (WT), IFN-gamma-/-, or recombination-activating-gene-1-/- (RAG-1-/-; lacking mature T and B cells) mice received MHC II-disparate hearts. The grafts were harvested 8 weeks post-transplant and histological and immunohistochemical analyses, RNase protection assay (RPA), and flow cytometry were used to evaluate GAD lesions, infiltrating cell populations, and IFN-gamma expression by infiltrating cells.Moderate-to-severe GAD developed in WT recipient allografts, associated with abundant IFN-gamma expression by both infiltrating T cells and macrophages. No GAD developed in IFN-gamma-/- or in RAG-1-/- hosts, nor was any IFN-gamma expression evident. RAG-1-/- hosts receiving naïve WT or IFN-gamma-/- T cells (10(7)) after heart transplantation demonstrated no mature B cells but showed persistence of transferred T cells up to 8 weeks post-transplant. In the complete absence of B cells and alloantibody, transfer of WT T cells into RAG-1-/- recipients yielded GAD, with associated IFN-gamma expression by the transferred T cells and the host macrophages. Transfer of IFN-gamma-/- T cells induced neither GAD nor host macrophage IFN-gamma expression.T cells, even in the absence of B cells, suffice to induce GAD, and T cell-derived IFN-gamma plays a critical role in GAD pathogenesis.
P721 INTERFERON-STIMULATED GENE EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT RESPONSE TO FALDAPREVIR PLUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON a-2a AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE-1 INFECTION
Authors: Y. Datsenko, P. Baum, R. Schirmbeck, J.O. Stern, N. Sha, G.G. Steinmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Treatment of psoriasis in patients with hepatitis C: From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation
Authors: Amylynne J. Frankel, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Sylvia Hsu, Neil J. Korman, Mark G. Lebwohl, Bruce F. Bebo, Alice B. Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
A SURVEY OF ULCUS TROPICUM
Authors: TEOFILO CORPUS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Tropical ulcers—tropical phagedenic ulcer, Aden ulcer, Malabar ulcer—occur in cachectic persons who have been impaired in health by privations and insanitary surroundings. Among school children who wear shoes, slippers or wooden shoes, ulcers are not common. They are common among the barefooted whose feet often get wet and soiled with mud, and especially in some forms of grass blight. The ulcers begin to appear in May, and increase in August, September and October, when the weather is damp. They decrease in November and December, when the weather begins to get dry. Why the ulcers exist in certain localities and not in others has never been explained. In places where shoes are extensively worn by school children, the disease exists, whereas in places where every condition is favorable, the disease does not exist. Eggerts examined 2,874 specimens, and found that 9.3 per cent. were positive for one or more types. Eggerts'