tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Initial Diagnosis and Treatment Follow Up of Neuroblastoma Invasion of Inferior Vena Cava With I-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy
Authors: Steve Huang, Hua Yang, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Neuroblastoma is a common malignancy diagnosed during childhood. Metastatic neuroblastoma frequently involves regional lymph nodes, bone, and bone marrow. In contrast, neuroblastoma involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is extremely rare. We report a case of neuroblastoma with IVC invasion visualized with I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) scintigraphy during a diagnostic workup while a follow-up I-123 MIBG scan showed resolution of tumor uptake in the IVC with treatment.
The Appropriateness of Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: C M Winslow, D H Solomon, M R Chassin, J Kosecoff, N J Merrick, R H Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Carotid endarterectomy is a commonly performed but controversial procedure. We developed from the literature a list of 864 possible reasons for performing carotid endarterectomy, and asked a panel of nationally known experts to rate the appropriateness of each indication using a modified Delphi technique. On the basis of the panel's ratings, we determined the appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy in a random sample of 1302 Medicare patients in three geographic areas who had had the procedure in 1981. Thirty-five percent of the patients in our sample had carotid endarterectomy for appropriate reasons, 32 percent for equivocal reasons, and 32 percent for inappropriate reasons. Of the patients having inappropriate surgery, 48 percent had less than 50 percent stenosis of the carotid artery that was operated on. Fifty-four percent of all the procedures were performed in patients without transient ischemic attacks in the carotid distribution. Of these procedures, 18 percent were judged appropriate, as compared with 55 percent judged appropriate in patients with transient ischemic attacks in the carotid distribution. After carotid endarterectomy, 9.8 percent of patients had a major complication (stroke with residual deficit at the time of hospital discharge or death within 30 days of surgery). We conclude that carotid endarterectomy was substantially overused in the three geographic areas we studied. Furthermore, in situations in which the complication rate is equal to or above the study's aggregate rate, carotid endarterectomy would not be warranted, even in cases with an appropriate indication, because the risks would almost certainly outweigh the benefits. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:721–7.)
Fungal Prosthetic-Valve Endocarditis
Authors: I C Tuna, M R Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 77-year-old man presented with a two-month history of fever, chills, and malaise. Three months earlier, he had undergone valve replacement for calcific aortic stenosis at another institution. Multiple subsequent blood cultures were positive for Candida albicans. Clinical signs of endocarditis (new murmurs, splenomegaly, Osler's nodes, and retinal lesions) were absent. Transesophageal echocardiography identified a mobile vegetation within the leaflets of the prosthetic valve that prolapsed into the ventricle during diastole. The patient was treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine for two weeks. At reoperation, the prosthetic valve (Panel A) contained a whitish vegetation (V) attached to the . . .
Restricted kappa chain expression in early ontogeny: biased utilization of V kappa exons and preferential V kappa-J kappa recombinations.
Authors: C A Medina, J M Teale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

To determine the extent of kappa chain diversity in the preimmune repertoire early in development, kappa cDNA libraries were analyzed from 15-d old fetal omentum, 18-d-old fetal liver, and 3-wk old bone marrow. An anchored polymerase chain reaction approach was used to avoid bias for particular V kappa families. From the sequence analysis of 27 bone marrow clones, 10 different families and 20 unique V kappa genes were identified. In contrast, the V kappa expression in the fetus is highly restricted and clearly differs from the broader distribution see in 3-wk-old bone marrow. Although several V kappa families were represented in the fetal library including V kappa 9, V kappa 10, V kappa 4,5, V kappa 8, and V kappa 1, one or two members of individual families were observed repeatedly. The fetal liver and omentum libraries were found to be largely overlapping. Given the V kappa families/exons identified in the fetal sequences, the mechanism of kappa rearrangements in the early repertoire appears to occur predominantly by inversion. Importantly, the fetal repertoire was further restricted by dominant V kappa-J kappa combinations such as V kappa 4,5-J kappa 5, V kappa 9-J kappa 4, and V kappa 10-J kappa 1. Since in some cases independent rearrangements could be established, the results indicate a bias for particular V kappa-J kappa joins. The results also suggest that clonal expansion/selection in the fetal repertoire takes place after light chain rearrangement as opposed to at the pre-B cell level in the bone marrow. The restriction observed in kappa light chain expression together with known restrictions in gene usage and junctional diversity at the heavy chain level indicate a remarkably conserved fetal repertoire.
Surgical treatment of coronary disease.
Authors: C A Layton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

dissemination of Gaussian-based "signifi- cance" tests.If or when the percentile method of expressing interindividual differences has been widely adopted, there will still remain two much more difficult problems: (a) the collection, from healthy and diseased subjects, of data that are reliable and are applicable to the particular patient under investigation; and (b) the question of where to make the cut-off points between "normal" and "abnormal"what risks of error (false-positives and false- negatives) are acceptable.For the balancing of these risks-often a different balance with respect to different disorders, different consequences of error, and even different patients -we must look to clinicians, not to biochemists or other laboratory workers, or to statisticians as such.It would be interesting if the SI units compensated somewhat for their adverse effects by promoting the use of a sensible method of expressing intermeasurement variation and by allowing us to focus attention on how to collect data and apply them to individual patients.
HLA class I allele associations with HCV genetic variants in patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1a or 1b infection
Authors: Christian Markus Lange, Kirsten Roomp, Anette Dragan, Jacob Nattermann, Monika Michalk, Ulrich Spengler, Viola Weich, Thomas Lengauer, Stefan Zeuzem, Thomas Berg, Christoph Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Race and Crack Cocaine-Reply
Authors: Marsha Lillie-Blanton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are very pleased with the responses to our article in which we reported no association between race/ethnicity and prevalence of crack cocaine smoking, once neighborhood characteristics were held constant by poststratification. We agree with the comments of Dr Adebimpe that it is important to determine the role of socioeconomic and demographic factors, which can be confounded with racial and ethnic status, in order to avoid misinterpretation of the data. We believe he is correct in calling for attention to these issues whenever prevalence rates for racial and ethnic groups are presented. Gfroerer et al have expressed a belief that the methods we used in our analysis did not take into account the complex sampling procedures used in the National Household Survey, thus biasing our conclusions. We are well acquainted with these national survey procedures, and we respectfully disagree with their contention that our tabular data show any
Screening for Osteoporosis
Authors: L. Joseph Melton, David M. Eddy, C. Conrad Johnston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

To review evidence that screening for osteoporosis by measuring bone mass in postmenopausal women would reduce fracture incidence.An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1966 to 1989), bibliographic reviews of book chapters and review articles, technology assessments of bone mass measurement, and other publications.We summarize prospective studies of fracture risk prediction done with widely used bone mass measurement techniques, and we document noncontroversial or peripheral points with recent papers and reviews.Without osteoporosis screening trials, no quantitative analysis is possible. Instead, we assess the ability of screening tests to measure bone mass and define fracture risk categories, the ability of risk categories to determine treatment, and the ability of treatment to reduce fracture incidence.Bone mass measurement meets many of the criteria for a screening test, and indirect evidence suggests that a screening program might reduce osteoporosis-related fracture incidence. No trial has shown this directly; however, and questions remain about overall benefits and costs of mass screening.Although there are clinical indications for bone mass measurement, unselective screening for osteoporosis cannot be recommended until a specific program is formulated and justified.
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Papillomavirus Infection Among Homosexual Males With Group IV HIV Disease
Authors: Joel M. Palefsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ninety-seven male homosexuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other group IV human immunodeficiency virus disease were studied for anal human papillomavirus infection and intra-anal cytological abnormalities. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 52 subjects (54%), and 38 subjects (39%) were found to have abnormal anal cytological findings; anal intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 15 specimens (15%). Abnormalities on anal cytological smear were significantly associated with the presence of human papillomavirus DNA, with a risk ratio of 4.6. Infection with multiple human papillomavirus types was common (12%) and was associated with a risk ratio for cytological abnormalities of 39.0. Median T4 counts of subjects with abnormal cytological findings were significantly lower than those with normal findings. These studies indicate that immunosuppressed male homosexuals have a high prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and this population may be at significant risk for the development of anal cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2911-2916)
458 Effect of a specific thromboxane A2 antagonist, S-1452, on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in beagles and by lipopoly-saccharide exposure in guinea pigs
Authors: K IDAIRA, T IMAI, F KOKUBU, M ADACHI, T TAKAHASHI, A ARIMURA, A ASANUMA, A KUROSAWA, M HARADA, H NAGAI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Where next with revalidation?: Make CME and CPD compulsory with support of audit and mentoring
Authors: Stephen F Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Walsh and Benson say that changes to UK professional regulation have lacked strategic direction, that the current reviews offer an opportunity for fundamental reform that can regain public confidence, and that public and political faith in the professions and their regulators is lower than ever before.1 However, despite a small number of high profile (and very frequently cited) cases, the public continues to give doctors …
Identification and localization of immunoglobulin binding factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy smokers.
Authors: F Ogushi, S Sone, K Tani, H Takehara, T Endo, T Haku, Y Nakamura, T Ogura, M Kamada, T Aono
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Immunoglobulin binding factor (IgBF), which is abundant in human seminal plasma, is known to bind immunoglobulin, interact with anti-Fc gamma RIII antibodies, and block pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether IgBF is present in the lower respiratory tract, whose secretions come into contact with the external environment. For this, IgBF was measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 42 healthy normal subjects (23 nonsmokers and 19 smokers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgBF was detected in BALF from these normal subjects, and its level was significantly higher in BALF from smokers (127.2 +/- 98.7 ng/ml versus 23.3 +/- 20.7 ng/ml). On gel filtration chromatography of BALF, IgBF was eluted in a region corresponding to a molecular weight of 27 kD. Western blot testing with a monoclonal antibody to IgBF indicated that IgBF in BALF had a molecular weight of 27 kD under nonreducing conditions and of 16 kD under reducing conditions. Thus, the migration pattern of IgBF in BALF corresponded to that of IgBF in seminal plasma. IgBF immunoreactivity was detected histochemically in mucus glands and goblet cells in the lower respiratory tract. These results demonstrate that IgBF is present in the lower respiratory tract, and that smoking may cause its increased production in this region.
Fat meets the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
Authors: Kevin J. Tracey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that is controlled by the vagus nerve and inhibits local cytokine release, thereby preventing the damaging effects of cytokine overproduction. A new study now shows that dietary fat can activate this pathway, a finding that may help explain the immune system's failure to react to food antigens and commensal bacteria. Here we discuss this new data and its potential implications for dietary intervention in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Frey Syndrome — An Unusual Phenomenon after Parotid Surgery
Authors: Lester F. Williams, Carl W. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH gustatory sweating occurring after parotid trauma was described as early as 1853 and was studied by Frey in 1923, it did not assume major surgical importance until surgery of the parotid gland became more common. Because of the rarity of severe degrees of this syndrome, another case is presented.Case ReportA 32-year-old woman had had surgical removal of the entire left parotid gland for mucoepidermoid carcinoma 20 months before being seen at Tripler United States Army Hospital. The left facial nerve was dissected free of tumor, without damage to any major branches. After operation there was minimal dysfunction . . .
NOTES ON AN EPIDEMIC OF ALOPECIA
Authors: W.J. RUTHERFURD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1920)

DURING the German retreat in 1918 our troops moved forward into districts where the population had lived for four years in a state of almost intolerable servitude, and at the close had been plundered of most of their goods by the retiring enemy.The Germans in their retreat carried off the potato crop, the farm stock and the threshed corn, und where the corn had not been threshed and they were unable to remove it, it had been set fire to.The household clothing had been taken away and metal articles removed, while mattresses had been cut into shreds under the pretext, I am told, of finding whether the civilians had hidden any money in them.Around Douai and in the region of the Escault and Jard canals the country was inuudated, and the population had been forcibly evacuated from their homes and sent forward on foot or by canal barges in front of the retreating Germans into Belgium and Holland, so that we came into districts that were without inhabitan^ts.This evacuation of the civilians was of a most ruthless description and led to much unnecessary misery.Tho population began to come back after tho armistice, when the cold weathei-had set in, only to find that they had lost all they possessed, that their houses were not weatherproof as the windows had been smashed, and that owing to the destruction of the railways and canals they were left without food and fuel and had to depend on the emergency ravitaiUement undertaken by the military authorities.Many of these returning civilians were suffering from influenza, which they had caught during the evacuation.The crowding together in barns and in canal barges on their journeys had spread scabies widely among all classes of the community, and also, to a lesser extent, Tinea circinata.Various nervous troubles were manifested by a number of these people in consequence of what they had gone through, and in the aged cardiac incompetence was not at all infrequent, was accompanied by dropsy and proved very fatal.The exposure and hardship precipitated a
Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials-Reply
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are glad Dr Atkins supports our experiment in structured reporting.<sup>1</sup>Atkins raises the issue of the potential difficulty in reporting randomized controlled trials using this format. Similar concerns were also raised with the development of more informative abstracts—"structured abstracts." Evidence to date indicates that structured abstracts have had a positive impact on how the results of studies are communicated.<sup>2</sup> There is also evidence that the quality of reporting of structured abstracts is better than that of nonstructured abstracts. Taddio and colleagues<sup>3</sup>compared the quality of reporting of 150 nonstructured abstracts (published in 1988 and 1989) and 150 structured abstracts (published in 1991 and 1992) published in the<i>British Medical Journal, Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>, and<i>JAMA</i>. Quality was assessed using a 32-item criteria checklist. The scoring range was between 0 and 100 with higher scores indicating superior quality. Assessors completed their quality assessment blinded
Readings in Modern Surgery
Authors: Alan Marty
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In this well-balanced anthology of 57 new and noteworthy publications, Egdahl and Mannick have focused on those areas of clinical surgery undergoing recent change or introspection. For example, some articles introduce new operative approaches (myocardial revascularization for cardiogenic shock, ileostomy and colostomy for toxic megacolon, total pancreatectomy for ductal carcinoma), or improvements in postoperative management (rabbit antilymphocyte serum treatment in clinical transplantation, prevention of tracheal injury during intubation). Others critically reevaluate established operations like carotid endartectomy, sphincterotomy vs choledochoduodenostomy, and hiatus hernia repair. The results of surgery for parathyroid tumors, recurrent hiatus hernia repair, and pulmonary resection for metastatic lesions are updated, and recommendations for alterations in technique or patient management are presented—eg, conservative surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma, needle aspiration for breast cysts, and transperitoneal drainage of subphrenic abscess. Investigative or controversial topics like tumor immunology, local excision for breast carcinoma, prophylactic portacaval shunts, and ischemic colitis are also
Autoantibodies against subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in a case of paediatric biliary cirrhosis
Authors: B Melegh, G Skuta, L Pajor, G Hegedűs, B Sumegi
Journal: Gut (1998)

In a newborn girl with a history of connatal liver damage, histological examination of a liver biopsy sample taken during the seventh week of life revealed incipient destruction of bile ducts. Very high titres of antimitochondrial antibodies were later detected in the plasma. As the hepatic injury tended towards fibrosis, the histological diagnosis became primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoantibodies against E 1α , E 2 , and E 3 subunits and protein X component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and against citrate synthase were detected on western immunoblotting in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the patient’s serum. The patient died of her illness at 11 years of age. In liver specimens obtained at autopsy human immunoglobulin deposition was detected on the surface of almost all hepatic cells by immunohistology. As there is a physical and functional interaction between pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase within the mitochondria, the presence of autoantibodies against certain proteins in the patient suggests that in this form of the disease the molecular recognition and then the autoimmunisation process could be directed against a mitochondrial enzyme cluster containing both pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase.
Effect of intraluminal oxygen on experimental ischaemia of the intestine.
Authors: K Shute
Journal: Gut (1976)

The small bowel of 44 rats has been made ischaemic for 120 minutes by occluding the superior mesenteric artery. Gaseous oxygen was introduced into the small bowel lumen of 18 of the rats, and gaseous nitrogen into the bowel lumen of a further eight, 30 minutes after the start of the ischaemia. The mortality rate of the control group of 18 rats was 89%, significantly higher than the 39% mortality of the oxygen-treated rats (p less than 0-005). None of the eight rats treated with intraluminal nitrogen survived. Histological changes caused by ischaemia were much reduced in the intestine of the oxygen treated rats. It is suggested that intraluminal oxygen might be useful additional form of therapy for the treatment of the partially ischaemic bowel that may be retained after the resection of definitely non-viable ischaemic bowel at initial laparotomy.
Abstract 5597: Targeted massively parallel sequencing for the diagnosis of hereditary neuroendocrine disorders
Authors: Trish Dwight, Anne Louise Richardson, Ying Zhu, Bruce G. Robinson, Diana E. Benn, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Genetic testing is a powerful tool for the diagnosis, management and treatment of inherited disease but these tests traditionally have been time-consuming, labour-intensive and costly. Significant improvements in sequencing technologies have the potential to overcome these limitations, through the simultaneous sequencing of multiple genes in multiple samples. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a multi-gene panel, comprised of hereditary neuroendocrine associated genes, to enable parallel testing of known susceptibility genes; and to determine whether the sensitivity of massively parallel targeted sequencing is equivalent to Sanger sequencing, the current gold standard for diagnostic genetic testing. Methods: We developed a custom gene panel, covering the coding regions of 8 known neuroendocrine suseptibility genes (MAX, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, RET, TMEM127 and VHL). In total, genomic DNA of 85 individuals with unique variants in five of the susceptibility genes (based on Sanger sequencing) was prepared using the TruSeq Custom Amplicon Assay (Illumina) and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq™ platform. Results: Overall, 95.1% of the target was sequenced adequately for variant calling (ie. reads with ≥Q30). Inadequate coverage of the target region was observed for VHL (exon 1), SDHC (exons 2 and 5) and SDHD (exon 4). Seventy-eight of the 85 known variants met the required minimum coverage threshold (7 fell within regions of inadequate coverage or depth of coverage was ≤40). Of these, one variant was undetected, giving an overall sensitivity of 98.7%. Conclusions: Genetic testing using targeted capture followed by massively parallel sequencing, in conjunction with confirmation by Sanger sequencing, is a viable option to the current approach for diagnostic services. Citation Format: Trish Dwight, Anne Louise Richardson, Ying Zhu, Bruce G. Robinson, Diana E. Benn, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh. Targeted massively parallel sequencing for the diagnosis of hereditary neuroendocrine disorders. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5597. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5597