tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What the Double Helix (1953) Has Meant for Basic Biomedical Science
Authors: Joshua Lederberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE ARTICLE published by Watson and Crick in 1953<sup>1</sup>was the landmark pointer to our contemporary model of DNA as a macromolecular structure. This lay on a well-worn path of biophysical analysis, reducing microscopic anatomy to the molecular level. It also helped inspire an enormous body of biochemical research that has defined DNA as<i>the</i>informational molecule, a discontinuity that has been labeled the Biological Revolution of the 20th Century. As a piece of structural analysis, the idea of the double helix includes the concepts (1) that DNA is a duplex structure, comprising two paired complementary strands, associated by secondary, noncovalent bonds; (2) that the strand pairs are coiled, forming a double helix; and (3) that these are antiparallel—the orientation of one strand being in the opposite polarity from the other. The most novel features of DNA are associated with its duplicity, rather than its helicity. Linear polymers rarely
Decreased magnitude of heart rate spectral components in coronary artery disease. Its relation to angiographic severity.
Authors: J Hayano, Y Sakakibara, M Yamada, N Ohte, T Fujinami, K Yokoyama, Y Watanabe, K Takata
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We analyzed the spectral components of RR interval variability under controlled respiration (15 breaths/min) in 56 patients (age range, 35-73 years) referred for coronary angiography; 14 patients had multivessel disease (group M), 21 had one-vessel disease (group S), and 21 had nonsignificant disease or normal coronary artery (group N). There were 43 healthy controls (age range, 36-71 years) (group C). The patients had no clinical evidence of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or acute stage of infarction and had taken no medication for 3 days. The autoregressive power spectral density of RR interval variability contains two major components, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) (0.25 Hz) and Mayer wave-like sinus arrhythmia (MWSA) (0.04-0.15 Hz), which have magnitudes that are quantitative markers of cardiac vagal activity and sympathetic activity with vagal modulation, respectively. We represented the magnitudes by the coefficient of component variance (CCV), which provided the amplitude relative to the mean RR interval. The age- and sex-adjusted mean of CCVRSA significantly decreased with advancing angiographic severity (1.64 +/- 0.09%, 1.66 +/- 0.12%, 1.22 +/- 0.13%, and 0.81 +/- 0.16% for groups C, N, S, and M, respectively) (p = 0.0001). The CCVRSA was unrelated to left ventricular function, previous myocardial infarction, or stenosis of any specific artery including the sinoatrial and atrioventricular node arteries. The CCVMWSA decreased only in group M (p = 0.0462). These results indicate that coronary artery disease is associated with vagal dominant impairment in autonomic cardiac function and that reduction in the vagal cardiac function correlates with the angiographic severity.
Paradoxical response of sphincter of Oddi to intravenous injection of cholecystokinin or ceruletide. Manometric findings and results of treatment in biliary dyskinesia.
Authors: P Rolny, A Arleback, P Funch-Jensen, A Kruse, J Ravnsbaeck, G Jarnerot
Journal: Gut (1986)

Sixty two patients with a clinical suspicion of biliary dyskinesia were investigated with endoscopic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi before and after intravenous injection of cholecystokinin or ceruletide. In 52 patients injection was followed by decreased pressure in the sphincter of Oddi; 43 of these had normal prestimulatory values (group I), while the values were raised in the other nine patients (group II). A paradoxical response to intravenous injection was observed in 10 women (group III): increased baseline sphincteric pressure occurred in eight and increase in the amplitude of phasic contractions in four patients. The prestimulatory sphincteric pressure was raised in five and normal in the remaining patients. Eight patients were treated with papillotomy (seven) or balloon dilatation of the sphincter (one). They experienced relief of pain during a follow up period of 11-16 months. Intravenous injection of cholecystokinin or ceruletide may disclose a special type of biliary dyskinesia even in patients with normal prestimulatory manometric findings. Hormone injection increases the diagnostic yield of endoscopic manometry in patients suspected of biliary dyskinesia.
Book Review MRI: Central nervous system Edited by Walter Kucharczyk. Approximately 300 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott/Gower Medical, 1990. $79.50. MRI: Musculoskeletal system Edited by Javier Beltran. Approximately 325 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott/Gower Medical, 1990. $79.50.
Authors: David Piwnica-Worms, Ferenc Jolesz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Outcome of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: negative impact of abnl(17p) and −5/5q−
Authors: Jan M. Middeke, Dietrich Beelen, Michael Stadler, Gudrun Göhring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Herrad Baurmann, Gesine Bug, Frauke Bellos, Brigitte Mohr, Stefanie Buchholz, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Hans Martin, Ute Hegenbart, Gerhard Ehninger, Martin Bornhäuser, Johannes Schetelig
Journal: Blood (2012)
Expulsion of Placenta Praevia in Advance of Foetus
Authors: K. Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>Background</h3> The study aimed to evaluate the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2 as the tracer for imaging of synovial angiogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty untreated active patients with RA underwent <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2 PET/CT and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT before treatment; two patients with osteoarthritis served as controls. Among the 20 patients with RA, 12 repeated the evaluations after 3-month treatment. The image findings were correlated with core variables of disease activity, including the clinical disease activity index (cDAI). <h3>Results</h3> Our findings demonstrated that <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2 specifically accumulated in the synovia with active inflammation rich in neovasculature with high-level α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-integrin expression, but not in the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-avid inflammatory lymph nodes. In patients with intense <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake in muscles caused by arthritic pain, we observed that <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2 PET/CT was better able to evaluate disease severity than <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. Both <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2 accumulation and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake changed in response to therapeutic intervention, whereas the changes of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PRGD2, not <sup>18</sup>F-FDG, significantly correlated with clinical measures of changes in the form of cDAI. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first integrin imaging study conducted in patients with RA that preliminarily indicates the effectiveness of the novel method for evaluating synovial angiogenesis. <h3>Clinical trial registration</h3> This study has been registered online at NIH ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01940926).
Lithium Carbonate for Depression and Mania
Authors: Ralph N. Wharton
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of lithium carbonate in<i>both</i>mania and depression remains an issue (<b>210:</b>897, 1969). Its use in mania still might be reserved only for patients with chronic recurrent, refractory, or allergic cases. Lithium carbonate has an extremely narrow therapeutic range (ie the dose between clinical effect and toxic effect): A dose producing a blood level of 1 to 2 mEq/ liter is therapeutic. Fatalities have been reported at the 2.5 mEq level. The mechanism of action remains unknown, and many serious questions remain unanswered. Perhaps most relevant is its dactinomycinlike effect and its possible genetic effects. Berg<sup>1</sup>suggests that lithium chloride reduces the rate of protein synthesis after cleavage in sea urchin embryos and that it may suppress m-RNA. Other recent work<sup>2</sup>implicates it in gene activity. Effects of manipulation of critical salts on producing deformity goes back to Stockard (1908).<sup>3</sup> Despite
Reproductive effects of inorganic borates on male employees: birth rate assessment.
Authors: D Whorton, J Haas, L Trent
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for reproductive effects of inorganic borate compounds on male employees. The standardized birth ratio (SBR) methodology was used to assess fertility among male employees, using live births as the measured end point. The ratio of female to male births was also assessed. Data were collected via questionnaires and telephone follow-up interviews. Medical insurance records were assessed for nonresponders. Exposures were assessed using three semiquantitative categories. We found a statistically significant increase in fertility as measured by live births among the employees of the inorganic borate facility. There does not appear to be any decrease in fertility due to exposures either as analyzed by the borate exposure categories or over time, which is an indirect measure of exposures. We found a nonstatistically significant increase in the percentage of female offspring. This increase was due, not to a deficiency of male offspring, but rather to a marked increase in the numbers of female offspring. This increase in percentage female offspring does not appear to be related to exposures to inorganic borates. Based on the data, exposures to inorganic borates do not appear to adversely affect fertility in this population.
Bispectral index monitoring of midazolam and propofol sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized clinical trial (the EndoBIS study)
Authors: S. von Delius, H. Salletmaier, A. Meining, S. Wagenpfeil, D. Saur, M. Bajbouj, G. Schneider, R. Schmid, W. Huber
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Introduction:</b> Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring provides a non-invasive measure of the level of sedation. The purpose of this randomized, single-blind clinical trial was to evaluate whether BIS monitoring of sedation would lead to improved oxygenation and a reduced rate of cardiopulmonary complications during endoscopy. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) under procedural sedation with a combination of low dose midazolam and propofol were randomly assigned to either standard monitoring of sedation only (BIS-blinded arm) or an open arm in which additional BIS monitoring was available (BIS-open arm). In the BIS-open arm, propofol administration was to be withheld if BIS values were < 55. The primary study end point was the mean oxygen saturation per patient. Secondary end points were the rates of cardiopulmonary complications, propofol dose, quality of sedation (patient cooperation as rated by the endoscopist and patient satisfaction), and recovery. <b>Results: </b>A total of 144 patients were enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Mean oxygen saturation per patient was 97.7 % in the BIS-open arm and 97.6 % in the BIS-blinded arm (<i>P</i> = 0.71). Total rates of cardiopulmonary complications, single numbers of hypoxemic, bradycardic, and hypotensive events, mean propofol doses, and quality of sedation also showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, BIS monitoring did result in faster recovery of patients as reflected by shorter times to eye opening (<i>P</i> = 0.001), first verbal response (<i>P</i> = 0.02), and leaving the procedure room (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions: </b>The use of additional BIS monitoring did not lead to improved oxygenation or a reduced rate of cardiopulmonary complications. Recovery times after the procedure were shorter than with standard monitoring alone, but the clinical benefit for daily practice may be limited.
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Abner Wolf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

A description has been given of the lesions produced in mice and guinea pigs by inoculation of the Jungeblut-Sanders virus. The histopathological findings, although in themselves not conclusive, would tend to support the opinion that Jungeblut and Sanders have transmitted the SK poliomyelitis virus to mouse and guinea pig. In mice the virus apparently retains its affinity for the anterior horns of the spinal cord, but in a moderate degree. Associated with a marked increase in virulence of the virus, a strong affinity for the cerebral tissues, more particularly the olfactory centers, develops. On transmitting this murine variant of the virus to guinea pigs, however, the original character of the virus is again revealed. There is a reversion to a predominant affinity for the nerve cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord.
Endovascular stimulation within the left pulmonary artery to induce slowing of heart rate and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: B Scherlag
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

In recent years there have been many reports dealing with basic models for sustained atrial fibrillation (AF), however few animal models exist for paroxysmal AF which closely simulate that seen clinically.In 12 dogs, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, a right thoracotomy was performed. We stabilized a basket electrode catheter within the left pulmonary artery (LPA) through a purse string suture in the right ventricle. Electrode catheters were sutured to multiple atrial sites including the four pulmonary veins and the right and left atrial appendages, along Bachman's bundle and the coronary sinus.Continuous pulses of electrical stimulation (20 Hz square wave stimuli, each 0.1 ms in duration, voltage range 1-40 V) across adjacent splines of the five arms of the basket induced slow heart rates (at lower voltages) and then initiated atrial premature depolarizations (APDs), atrial tachycardia (AT) and AF (at higher voltages). To avoid possible direct activation of atrial myocardium, we also applied a train (50-100 ms duration) of high frequency stimuli (200 Hz) coupled to each atrial paced beat so that the train fell within the atrial refractory period. Stimulation in the LPA at an average of 14+/-7 V induced heart rate slowing, APDs were seen followed by AT/AF at a voltage of 20+/-6 V, P=0.002. Stimulation in the LPA resulted in APDs arising from a variety of sites including the left pulmonary veins (superior or inferior) and the left atrial appendage. After beta-blockade (intravenous esmolol or propranolol, 1 mg/kg) the voltage threshold for induction of AF rose from 14+/-7 to 25+/-10 V, P=0.02. Upon the addition of intravenous atropine (1-2 mg) the arrhythmic response (AF) to stimulation was completely abolished. Atrial pacing threshold was unchanged after autonomic blockade. Local application of radiofrequency energy (average number=3+/-2) across the metallic splines of the basket catheter in the LPA (70-80 V for 60 s) caused abolition of both the slowing and the arrhythmic response to LPA stimulation.These data suggest that stimulation of autonomic nerves in the LPA causes slowing of the heart rate followed by paroxysmal APD/AT/AF simulating the spontaneously occurring paroxysmal AF syndrome, associated with bradycardia, reported in patients.
Streptomycin Resistance after Treatment with P.A.S. Alone
Authors: F. W. A. Turnbull, A. T. Wallace, S. Stewart, J. W. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Mortality of Head Injury.-Toset alongside these figures one should mention those patients with minor head injuries who were treated in the casualty department and then sent home, and also those who died before reaching hospital.Within the period under review at least as many cases were treated in the casualty department for minor head injuries and sent home as were -admitted.With the kind help of the local authorities it has also been found that during this same period 12 patients died of head injury on the roads before they reached hospital.One estimates, therefore, that the mortality of cases of head injury severe enough to be admitted to hospital was certainly well below 10%.It may be encouraging to note that whereas the gross mortality of the first 500 cases in this series was 11.4%, in the last 500 cases it was 6.6%, and this lower figure has been maintained to date.The series would have to be extended much further, however, before one could conclude that this apparent improvement was due to anything other than extraneous circumstances.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Faces FDA Scrutiny
Authors: Marc B. Garnick
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDIAN PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY: TOTAL REMOVAL OF THE PROSTATE GLAND, SIX CASES.
Authors: ALEXANDER HUGH FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

There are so many different methods of treating prostatics that one is forced to the conclusion that the subject is in an evolutionary stage. I venture the assertion that every surgeon of experience has often been disappointed with many of the procedures he had employed. It is true that every case is more or less a special one, having individual features and combined phenomena of its own, but when we consider the radical treatment, that is, total prostatectomy, it should not take us very long to establish one method as the safest and best. The era of giving permanent relief to over 25 per cent. of the male population in the last third of life began in 1887, with first, Belfield of Chicago, and then McGill of Leeds, England. They did a partial and then as they improved their technique, complete suprapubic extirpation of the prostate gland. At the present
US court lifts restrictions on some emergency contraceptives
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A US appeal court has ruled that the Food and Drug Administration must allow sales over the counter of some emergency contraceptives without age restrictions until the court rules on an appeal by the federal government, which seeks to maintain restrictions on the drugs.

The decision is the latest turn in the legal battle over access to emergency contraceptives that began more than a decade ago.

The levonorgestrel based contraceptives, often referred to as “morning after” pills, have been shown to be effective in preventing pregnancy if taken promptly after unprotected sex.

However, the drugs have been controversial,1 because of concerns that they promote promiscuity and undermine parental authority and because opponents of abortion have said that the …
New Strategies for the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Authors: Steven M. Haffner, Ronald B. Goldberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a marked increase in coronary heart disease (CHD) (1). In some cases, the magnitude of the increase in CHD in diabetic subjects without preexisting CHD is as great as that in nondiabetic subjects with CHD (2,3). The possible equivalent risk of diabetes and prevalent CHD has led to the suggestion that diabetic subjects be treated as CHD-risk equivalents by a variety of organizations, including the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (4) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) (5). Further amplifying the importance of early and aggressive risk factor interventions is the increased case fatality rate in diabetic subjects who have a myocardial infarction (6). In the latter report, 50% of diabetic men died prior to hospitalization before their first myocardial infarction, suggesting that a strategy based on secondary prevention may not be completely effective.

Given that diabetic subjects have a marked increase in CHD, what are appropriate strategies to reduce their risk of CHD? Diabetic subjects tend to have markedly increased triglyceride levels and decreased HDL cholesterol (7). In addition, LDL cholesterol levels in diabetic subjects are often similar to those of nondiabetic subjects. Additionally, diabetic subjects have an increased proportion of smaller, denser, potentially more atherogenic LDL particles than nondiabetic subjects (8). In early prospective studies (9), increased triglyceride levels and decreased HDL cholesterol levels were generally more powerful predictors of CHD than LDL cholesterol. Based on these observations, earlier recommendations for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia often focused on correction of the abnormal triglyceride HDL cholesterol levels in diabetic subjects (10). The initial strategy focused on the use of fibric acids because nicotinic acid was felt to be relatively contraindicated due to its effects on worsening glycemic control (11). Indeed, Koskinen et al. (12 …
Selecting Patients for Insect Venom Immunotherapy
Authors: Betty C. Jung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 September 1993Selecting Patients for Insect Venom ImmunotherapyBetty C. Jung, MDBetty C. Jung, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article [1] and editorial [2] about insect-sting anaphylaxis add much to an oft-neglected but serious medical situation. During the 4 years I lived in Mississippi, I experienced three episodes of progressive, worsening allergic reactions to fire-ant stings.Each episode resulted from several stings by more than one ant. This behavior is typical of fire ants, which will sting repeatedly until removed [3]. The first episode resulted in a local cutaneous reaction with erythema. The second episode resulted in the formation of a 1-cm bulla, lasting for a week and leaving a permanent scar. The third episode ...References1. van der Linden PW, Struyvenberg A, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Hack CE, van der Zwan JK. Anaphylactic shock after insect-sting challenge in 138 persons with a previous insect-sting reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:161-8. Google Scholar2. Valentine MD. Insect-sting anaphylaxis (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:225-6. Google Scholar3. Medical monitorfire ants on the move. Hudson Monitor. 1993; Jan 25:21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Betty C. Jung, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 437-439KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAnaphylaxisAntsBlistersImmunityMosquitoesRashesScarsTachycardiaVenoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...