tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MATAS TREATMENT OF ANEURISM.
Authors: J. F. BINNIE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In 1902 Dr. Rudolph Matas presented to the American Surgical Association his classical paper on the radical cure of aneurism. Matas' method of operating combines the advantages of ligation and excision, while at the same time it is easier, safer and may be more conservative. The operation is suitable both, to the fusiform and sacculated forms of the disease. After applying a constrictor above the site of disease, if in a limb, or temporarily ligating the proximal and distal trunks, if the carotid is the vessel at fault, one cuts into the sac, thoroughly removes the contained clots, rubs the serosa with gauze and proceeds to insert sutures. The sutures, preferably catgut, are first applied to the openings of all vessels entering or leaving the sac, then the deeper portions of the sac are closed by two rows of continuous Lembert sutures. The elastic constrictor is now removed, and if
SPENCER'S CHLORAMINE PASTILLES
Authors: S. C. Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice on the market in local drug stores an article made by "John Wyeth &amp; Son, Sole Proprietors, Philadelphia," labeled "Spencer's Chloramine Pastilles" and recommended for "influenza" and other (similar) conditions. It is further stated that "as the name indicates," these pastilles are made up of<i>ammonium chlorid</i>and other substances (which are named), and contain opium. In view of the fact that "chloramin" is the accepted name of p-toluene sulphochloramid, and that this substance has been recommended for use as a throat spray in connection with the present epidemic of influenza, it seems as though the "chloramine pastilles" were likely to deceive the public, and result in greater, rather than less danger to the people who do not know the nature of these substances, or their relative value. Should not this be called to the attention of the medical profession, and if possible, of the
Polymorphisms at LDLR locus may be associated with coronary artery disease through modulation of coagulation factor VIII activity and independently from lipid profile
Authors: Nicola Martinelli, Domenico Girelli, Barbara Lunghi, Mirko Pinotti, Giovanna Marchetti, Giovanni Malerba, Pier Franco Pignatti, Roberto Corrocher, Oliviero Olivieri, Francesco Bernardi
Journal: Blood (2010)
Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Coronary Artery Atherectomy Specimens From Type 2 Diabetic Compared With Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: Burton E. Sobel, Janet Woodcock-Mitchell, David J. Schneider, Robert E. Holt, Kousuke Marutsuka, Herman Gold
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Inhibition of fibrinolysis attributable to elevated concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in blood is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because we have shown that insulin can stimulate PAI-1 synthesis in vivo and because accelerated vascular disease is common in such patients as well, we hypothesized that increased PAI-1, potentially predisposing to thrombosis, acute occlusion, and accelerating atherosclerosis because of thrombus-associated mitogens, would be present in excess in atheroma from type 2 diabetic subjects.Samples acquired by directional coronary atherectomy from 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and 18 patients without diabetes were characterized qualitatively histologically for cellularity and by immunohistochemistry visually and qualitatively and by quantitative image analysis for assessment of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and PAI-1. Patients with and without diabetes were similar with respect to demographic features and the distribution and severity of coronary artery disease. Substantially more PAI-1 and substantially less u-PA were present in the atherectomy samples from subjects with diabetes.The disproportionate elevation of PAI-1 compared with u-PA observed in atheromatous material extracted from vessels of diabetic subjects is consistent with increased gene expression of PAI-1 in vessels as well as the known increase of PAI-1 in blood, presumably reflecting increased synthesis. The increased PAI-1 detected in the atheroma may contribute in vivo to accelerated or persistent thrombosis underlying acute occlusion and to vasculopathy exacerbated by clot-associated mitogens in the vessel wall. Because the changes were observed to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may be modifiable by reduction of insulin resistance with insulin sensitizers and stringent control of hyperglycemia.
Abstract A84: Synaptojanin-2 and microRNA-31 control invadopodia and metastasis by regulating vesicular trafficking
Authors: Nir Ben-Chetrit, David Chetrit, Cindy Koerner, Silvia Carvalho, Marc Symons, Fernando Schmitt, Stefan Wiemann, Marcelo Ehrlich, Yosef Yarden
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Growth factors propel cell migration and metastasis, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Employing EGF-stimulated mammary cells we link the lipid phosphatase synaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) to an invasive phenotype, and relate high SYNJ2 and low microRNA-31, a metastasis suppressor that restrains SYNJ2, to short survival rates of cancer patients. Knockdown of SYNJ2 robustly impaired both intravasation and extravasation of mammary tumor cells in an animal model. In vitro, SYNJ2-depleted cells exhibited derailed trafficking of EGFR and integrins, resulting in deformed focal adhesions, arrested lamellipodia and disappearance of invadopodia. We conclude that recycling of active EGFRs focally promotes SYNJ2-mediated dephosphorylation of specific phosphoinositol lipids, thereby instigates formation of both invadopodia and lamellipodia and facilitates tumor progression. Citation Format: Nir Ben-Chetrit, David Chetrit, Cindy Koerner, Silvia Carvalho, Marc Symons, Fernando Schmitt, Stefan Wiemann, Marcelo Ehrlich, Yosef Yarden. Synaptojanin-2 and microRNA-31 control invadopodia and metastasis by regulating vesicular trafficking. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A84.
Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Due to Myxedema
Authors: William A. Pettinger, Lee Talner, Thomas F. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

HYPONATREMIA is a frequent finding in severe hypothyroidism1 2 3 4 5 6 and is associated with a significant mortality. Interest in the mechanism of the electrolyte changes has focused on the inability to excrete a water load and on the pituitary-adrenocortical axis.7,8 In 1962 a case of myxedema was reported in which the hyponatremia was attributed to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.9 A patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of recurrent hypothyroidism and severe hyponatremia probably due to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone was recently seen at the Grace—New Haven Community Hospital. The fluid and electrolyte abnormality responded to thyroid replacement alone, thus . . .
Effect of four days of preoperative lactulose on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain: results of placebo controlled trial.
Authors: N J London, P D Bramley, R Windle
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The effect of four days of preoperative lactulose on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain was studied in a prospective double blind randomized trial. All patients received lactulose on admission to hospital, 20 received lactulose for four days before admission, and 22 received placebo. The preoperative lactulose treatment group suffered significantly less pain on defecation for the first four days that they opened their bowels (visual analogue scores in cm: day 1, 4.4 v 5.9; day 2, 4.1 v 6.3; day 3, 4.5 v 6.1; day 4, 4.6 v 6.5), suffered significantly less pain during the first two 24 hour periods after defecation (visual analogue scores in cm: day 1, 5.0 v 7.0; day 2, 3.9 v 6.1), and required significantly less analgesia daily after defecation (0.76 g paracetamol/day v 1.29 g paracetamol/day). These results show that lactulose given for four days preoperatively reduces pain after haemorrhoidectomy.
Requirement and role of C5a in acute lung inflammatory injury in rats.
Authors: M S Mulligan, E Schmid, B Beck-Schimmer, G O Till, H P Friedl, R B Brauer, T E Hugli, M Miyasaka, R L Warner, K J Johnson, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The complement activation product, C5a, may play a key role in the acute inflammatory response. Polyclonal antibody to rat C5a was used to define the requirements for C5a in neutrophil-dependent inflammatory lung injury after systemic activation of complement by cobra venom factor (CVF) or after intrapulmonary deposition of IgG immune complexes. In the CVF model, intravenous infusion (but not intratracheal instillation) of anti-C5a produced a dose-dependent reduction in lung permeability and in lung content of myeloperoxidase. In C6-deficient rats, CVF infusion caused the same level of lung injury (measured by leak of 125I-albumin) as found in C6-sufficient rats. In the IgG immune complex model of lung injury, anti-C5a administered intratracheally (but not intravenously) reduced in a dose-dependent manner both the increase in lung vascular permeability as well as the buildup of lung myeloperoxidase. Treatment with anti-C5a greatly suppressed upregulation of lung vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This was correlated with a substantial drop in levels of TNFalpha in bronchoalveolar fluids. These data demonstrate the requirement for C5a in the two models of injury. In the IgG immune complex model, C5a is required for the full production of TNFalpha and the corresponding upregulation of lung vascular ICAM-1.
Safety and Resource Utilization by Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Histology: Results from the Randomized Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Chemonaïve Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Silvia Novello, Francisco Luis Pimentel, Jean-Yves Douillard, Mary O'Brien, Joachim von Pawel, John Eckardt, Astra M. Liepa, Lorinda Simms, Carla Visseren-Grul, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Progress Against Heart Disease
Authors: Harry Hemingway
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A ngina Pectoris , a film written and directed by J E F Riseman, won no Oscars, had no famous stars, and failed to secure even the most limited distribution deal. For those who have not seen the film, its actors are anonymous medical men demonstrating state of the art diagnostic assessment of patients with angina. A careful history of the characteristics of the pain and standardised investigation with resting and exercise electrocardiography are recommended. That all sounds familiar? Of course it does—not only professional bodies but even governments now issue guidance on such diagnostic assessments. The film was made in 1943.

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Fred C Pampel, Seth Pauley Praeger Publishers, £22.99/$39.95, pp 248 ISBN 0275981517 www.greenwood.com/books/bookdetail.asp?sku=C8151

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Pampel and Pauley's book was published in 2004. In what sense have we made progress? Consider diagnosis. Clearly, many new diagnostic tests have been introduced in the six decades since Riseman's film. However, the proportion of patients undergoing coronary angiography in whom no narrowed arteries are detected—20% to 30%—has changed little in the past three decades. This raises the question …

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Phase II Trial of Radiosurgery for One to Three Newly Diagnosed Brain Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, and Sarcoma: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E 6397)
Authors: Rafael Manon, Anne O'Neill, Jonathan Knisely, Maria Werner-Wasik, Hillard M. Lazarus, Henry Wagner, Mark Gilbert, Minesh Mehta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Long-term brain metastases survivors are at risk for neurologic morbidity after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Retrospective radiosurgery (RS) reports found no survival difference when compared with WBRT. Before RS alone was evaluated with delayed WBRT in a phase III trial, the feasibility of RS alone was tested prospectively. Patients and Methods Patients with renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, or sarcoma; one to three brain metastases; and performance status of 0 to 2 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were leptomeningeal disease; metastases in medulla, pons, or midbrain; or liver metastases. On the basis of tumor size, patients received 24, 18, or 15 Gy RS. At recurrence, management was discretionary. The primary end point was 3- and 6-month intracranial progression. Results Between July 1998 and August 2003, 36 patients were accrued; 31 were eligible. Median follow-up was 32.7 months and the median survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 12.2). Three- and 6-month intracranial failure with RS alone was 25.8% and 48.3%. Failure within and outside the RS volume, when in-field and distant intracranial failures were scored independently, was 19.3% and 16.2% (3 months) and 32.2% and 32.2% (6 months), respectively. Approximately 38% of patients experienced death attributable to neurologic cause. There were three grade 3 toxicities related to RS. Conclusion Intracranial failure rates without WBRT were 25.8% and 48.3% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Delaying WBRT may be appropriate for some subgroups of patients with radioresistant tumors, but routine avoidance of WBRT should be approached judiciously.
Kids' Concept of Cigarette Code
Authors: Deirdre Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Cigarette companies have a voluntary code not to advertise to children,<sup>1</sup>and they claim that their advertisements do not encourage children to smoke.<sup>2</sup>The code says that models in advertisements shall appear to be over 25 years old, that the advertisements won't suggest that the models' attractiveness and good health are due to smoking, and that models shall not appear to have just participated "in a physical activity requiring stamina beyond normal recreation." The purpose of my science project was to find out if cigarette advertising reached children in my age group (12 and 13 years) and if the code protected children. I asked the 22 members of my seventh-grade class what magazines they read most often and found that 70% read magazines that advertise cigarettes. I then cut out cigarette advertisements from past issues of the top
A vitamin D analogue (EB1089) inhibits parathyroid hormone-related peptide production and prevents the development of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia in vivo.
Authors: M Haq, R Kremer, D Goltzman, S A Rabbani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have examined the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and a low calcemic analogue EB1089 on parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHRP) production and on the development of hypercalcemia in Fischer rats implanted with the Leydig cell tumor H-500. Leydig cell tumors were implanted subcutaneously into male Fischer rats, which received constant infusions intraperitoneally of either 1,25(OH)2D3 (50-200 pmol/24 h), EB1089 (50-400 pmol/24 h), or vehicle for up to 4 wk. A control group of animals received similar infusions without tumor implantation. Plasma calcium, plasma levels of immunoreactive iPTHRP, and tumor PTHRP mRNA levels were determined as well as tumor size, animal body weight, and animal survival time. Non-tumor-bearing animals receiving > 50 pmol/24 h of 1,25(OH)2D3 became hypercalcemic, whereas no significant change in plasma calcium was observed in animals receiving < or = 200 pmol/24 h of EB1089. Tumor-bearing animals receiving vehicle alone or > 50 pmol/24 h of 1,25(OH)2D3 became severely hypercalcemic within 15 d. However, animals treated with low dose 1,25(OH)2D3 and all doses of EB1089 maintained near-normal or normal levels of plasma calcium for up to 4 wk. Additionally, reduced levels of tumor PTHRP mRNA and of plasma iPTHRP were observed compared with controls in both vitamin D- and EB1089-treated rats. Infusion of 50 pmol/24 h of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 200 pmol/24 h of EB1089 significantly reduced tumor volume by the end of experiment. The analogue but not 1,25(OH)2D3 substantially prolonged survival time in tumor-bearing animals with longer survival achieved at the highest dose, 400 pmol/24 h, of EB1089. These studies demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 and a low calcemic vitamin D analogue are potent inhibitors of PTHRP production in vivo. Low calcemic analogues may therefore represent important alternative therapy for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Dolly's arthritis dents faith in cloning
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The discovery of arthritis in the left hind leg of Dolly the cloned sheep has dented public confidence in the viability of therapeutic animal cloning, the technology that aims to make up the shortfall in human organ donations by harvesting organs from genetically modified animals.

PPL Therapeutics, the commercial partner of the research team that cloned Dolly, saw its share price tumble 16% on the day after the announcement of Dolly's condition amid fears that the sheep is old before her time and that organs from cloned animals …
CLINICAL GUIDELINES: PART II: Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Part II
Authors: Christopher M. Coley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Purpose: To evaluate the potential benefits, harms, and economic consequences of digital rectal examination and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the early detection of prostate cancer. Data Sources: Relevant studies were identified from a MEDLINE search (1966 to 1995), reviews, bibliographies of retrieved articles, author files, and abstracts. Study Selection: Probabilities for individual clinical outcomes were derived from various sources, including the largest screening study of community volunteers to date, analyses of Medicare claims, and recently published meta-analyses of the outcomes of alternative treatment strategies. Cost estimates were based on the 1992 Medicare fee schedule. Data Extraction: A cost-effectiveness model for one-time digital rectal examination and PSA measurement was constructed to examine the possible outcomes. Results: If a favorable set of assumptions is used, one-time digital rectal examination and PSA measurement may increase average life expectancy by approximately 2 weeks at a reasonable marginal cost for men who are between 50 and 69 years of age. Considerable iatrogenic illness would occur. If less favorable assumptions are used, the estimated net benefit would decrease and cost-effectiveness ratios would dramatically increase. Even if favorable assumptions are used, the model suggests that screening adds only a few days to the average life expectancy of men who are older than 69 years of age. If the assumptions are less favorable, older men are harmed. Conclusions: The model suggests that screening may be reasonable in younger men if optimistic assumptions consistent with existing observational data are made. The lack of direct evidence showing a net benefit of screening for prostate cancer seems to mandate more clinician-patient discussion for this procedure than for many other routine tests.
Prostaglandins, Hypercalcemia and Cancer
Authors: Armen H. Tashjian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

In patients with cancer, hypercalcemia is a common complication and appears to result from multiple causes, some of which are humoral.1 One group of possible mediators that has recently attracted attention is the E series of prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGE2). These 20-carbon fatty acids are potent stimulators of bone resorption in vitro.2 , 3 The possibility that prostaglandins might play an etiologic role in vivo in the hypercalcemias of neoplasia was suggested by a series of experiments in two animal model systems. In these systems, hypercalcemia is observed in mice bearing the HSDM1 fibrosarcoma4 and in rabbits carrying . . .
Naloxone Half-Life
Authors: K. LEO BUXBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 April 1977Naloxone Half-LifeK. LEO BUXBAUM, M.D.K. LEO BUXBAUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-506_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper on naloxone by Dr. Martin (Ann Intern Med 85:765-768, 1976) states on page 767, "Naloxone has a relatively short duration of action. The serum half-life of naloxone is just over an hour (17) and the half-life of commonly used clinical doses may be only several hours (18, 19)."By definition, the half-life of any substance X is constant and most certainly does not depend on the initial dose. This is such a serious conceptual error that it undermines my confidence in the whole paper....Reference1. MARTINJASINSKIMANSKY WDP: Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:784-791, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 6331 South Greenleaf Avenue Whittier, CA 90601 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 506-507KeywordsHalf life Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Daily and Alternate-Day Corticosteroid Regimens in Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: GENE G. HUNDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Alternate-day corticosteroid therapy was compared with two daily corticosteroid regimens for the treatment of giant cell arteritis. In a prospective study 60 patients with this disease were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: group A, 15 mg of prednisone every 8 hours; group B, 45 mg of prednisone every morning; and group C, 90 mg of prednisone every other morning. After 1 month of treatment, the arteritis seemed to be completely suppressed in 18 patients in group A and 16 in group B but in only 6 in group C. In the 14 other patients in group C, the continuing symptoms were cyclic and developed during the day steroids were not given. By changing to a daily regimen, the arteritis was controlled in most patients in group C. Adverse reactions to prednisone were noted frequently in groups A and B but rarely in group C.
Enhanced dual contrast agent, Co2+-doped NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanorods, for near infrared-to-near infrared upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ao Xia, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jun Zhang, Yunyun Deng, Qiang Chen, Shishan Wu, Xiaohua Huang, Jian Shen
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)