tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 976: Consumption of vitamins and calcium reduces breast cancer risk by their regulation of the DNA repair capacity
Authors: Yeidyly Vergne, Jaime L. Matta, Luisa Morales, Wanda Vargas, Carolina Alvarez-Garriga, Manuel Bayona
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background- Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women with over one million new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. The capacity of the DNA to repair itself (DRC) is a complex biological process involving over 200 proteins. This process involves at least five pathways and is critical in maintaining genomic stability. The objective of this study was to examine the association of DRC and BC risk in terms of consumption of vitamin and calcium supplements by means of a large scale case-control study. Methods.- This was an incident-case case-control study design involving Puerto Rican women. The selection of potential predictors under study was based on previous published research in BC including information on vitamins, calcium, and variables that could provide an estimate of BC risk including age, BMI, family history, gynecological history, hormonal and environmental factors. The host reactivation assay with a luciferase reporter gene was used to measure the DRC in the lymphocytes from all participants. Cases were compared to controls, regarding diet supplement intake, DRC, and other selected covariates. The crude and multiple logistic regression adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) were used as measures of association and the 95% confidence interval of the OR was utilized to asses the precision of this estimate. Results.- A total of 268 breast cancer cases and 457 controls were included in this analysis. Statistically significant associations were found between BC and ageing, low DRC levels, family history of BC, and no breastfeeding. Vitamins and calcium intake were found to be protective reducing 30% and 40% the odds of having BC respectively. Calcium reduced considerably its protective effect becoming negligibly and not statistically significant when DRC was included in the logistic regression model. This suggests that DRC explains this association. In contrast, vitamin's intake did not show an important change in the association with BC when adjusting for DRC. Calcium and vitamins’ intake were strongly associated with higher levels of DRC. Discussion.- Vitamins and calcium intake are protective for breast cancer and are associated with higher DRC levels. Vitamins’ intake is an independent protective factor for BC while the protective effect of calcium may be explained by an increased DRC. DRC can be used to monitor the protective effect of calcium in terms of breast cancer risk. This study is supported by grants from the NCI Center to Reduce Health Disparities and NIH-MBRS Program grant #: S06 GM008239-23. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 976.
Microsatellite instability and alternative genetic pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hirohito Momoi, Tomoko Itoh, Yoshihiro Nozaki, Yuriko Arima, Hiroshi Okabe, Seiji Satoh, Yoshinobu Toda, Eiichi Sakai, Kanichi Nakagawara, Peer Flemming, Masayuki Yamamoto, Yasuyuki Shimahara, Yoshio Yamaoka, Manabu Fukumoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Progressive Brain Volume Loss During Adolescence in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Alexandra L. Sporn, Deanna K. Greenstein, Nitin Gogtay, Neal O. Jeffries, Marge Lenane, Peter Gochman, Liv S. Clasen, Jonathan Blumenthal, Jay N. Giedd, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Previous reports have documented a striking progressive reduction in cortical gray matter volume during adolescence in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia. This study examined the rate of loss in cortical gray matter volume in relation to age and clinical status in adolescent patients over a follow-up period of 2-6 years.A total of 131 brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired for 60 subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia (mean age=14.5 years, SD=2.5), and 140 scans were acquired for 64 matched healthy comparison subjects. One or more follow-up scans were acquired at approximately 2-year intervals for 39 subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia and 43 healthy subjects. Developmental trajectories for total and regional brain volumes were examined in relation to age by using polynomial growth models and data from all available scans. The rate of gray matter reduction in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia was examined in relation to developmental and clinical measures by using stepwise regression.Rates of brain volume reduction were significantly higher for patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia than for healthy comparison subjects. In childhood-onset schizophrenia, the rate of gray matter reduction was related to premorbid impairment and baseline severity of clinical symptoms but not to gender, ethnicity, or age at onset of the disorder. Unexpectedly, greater clinical improvement was significantly related to a higher rate of gray matter reduction. Longitudinal trajectories suggested that the rate of cortical loss plateaus during adolescence.Striking loss of cerebral gray matter is seen through adolescence in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia. The rate of reduction was related to premorbid impairment and baseline symptom severity, but it may also be in part a plastic response to illness.
Plasmin Promotes an Endothelium-Dependent Adhesion of Neutrophils
Authors: G. Montrucchio, E. Lupia, A. De Martino, L. Silvestro, S. Rizea Savu, G. Cacace, P.G. De Filippi, G. Emanuelli, G. Camussi
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium and the edema of vessel wall may cause vascular reocclusion after thrombolytic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) and P-selectin on the adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the endothelium and of PAF on the increased vascular permeability induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and plasmin.We studied (1) the adhesion of 111Inlabeled PMN to human umbilical cord vein-derived cultured endothelial cells (HUVEC), (2) the transfer of 125I-labeled albumin across HUVEC monolayers, and (3) the adhesion of PMN to isolated bovine coronary arteries under flow conditions. It was found that the adhesion of PMN, induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and plasmin, correlated with the synthesis of PAF by HUVEC and was inhibited by WEB 2170, a PAF receptor antagonist. The adhesion of PMN was also inhibited by the treatment of HUVEC with anti-P-selectin antibodies or of PMN with soluble P-selectin or with anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies. Plasmin also increased the permeability of HUVEC monolayers, an effect that was partially prevented by WEB 2170. Moreover, plasmin promoted the synthesis of PAF from isolated bovine coronary arteries and the adherence of PMN to the endothelium under flow conditions. The pretreatment of PMN with WEB 2170 or with soluble P-selectin prevented adhesion.The synthesis of PAF by endothelial cells at the site of plasmin generation and the endothelial expression of P-selectin may render the endothelial cell surface proadhesive for neutrophils and may favor a local increase in vascular permeability.
Role of c‐Myb in the survival of pre B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemogenesis
Authors: Purvaba J. Sarvaiya, Jason R. Schwartz, Claudia P. Hernandez, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Wayne V. Vedeckis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. The current treatment protocol for ALL involves an intense chemotherapy regimen yielding cure rates of nearly 80%. However, new therapies need to be designed not only to increase the survival rate but also to combat the risk of severe therapy associated toxicities including secondary malignancies, growth problems, organ damage, and infertility. The c-Myb proto-oncogene is highly expressed in immature hematopoietic cells. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of c-Myb itself decreased the viability of these leukemic cells. Additionally, the inhibition of c-Myb caused a decrease in cell proliferation, significantly increased the number of cells in G(0) /G(1) phase of the cell cycle, increased the sensitivity of pre-B-ALL cells to cytotoxic agents in vitro, and significantly delayed disease onset in a mouse model of leukemia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Bcl-2 is a target of c-Myb in pre-B-ALL cells. Our results identify c-Myb as a potential therapeutic target in pre-B-ALL and suggest that suppression of c-Myb levels or activity, in combination with currently used therapies and/or dose reduction, may lead to a decrease in toxicity and an increase in patient survival rates. Because c-Myb is aberrantly expressed in several other malignancies, targeting c-Myb will have broad clinical applications.
Roentgenologic Surveys for Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Robert S. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Two methods for the roentgenologic detection of asymptomatic gastric cancer, as found on 31,895 examinations, have been employed and compared. With the fluoroscopic method, 12 tumors were detected in 5,020 studies. Of these, three proved to be malignant. All patients are living and well after five years. With the photofluorographic method, 26,875 examinations were made and 48 major abnormal findings noted; 4 were diagnosed as cancer. Both methods revealed the expected number of tumor suspects. The authors, however, have developed a distinct preference for the fluoroscopic method and deem its further use advisable. Radiation exposure for patients and examiners need not constitute a hazard in either method.
A Case of Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia with Block Present almost Continuously for Twenty-Five Years
Authors: WILLIAM B. SCHWARTZ, SAMUEL A. LEVINE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The following case report is that of a man who showed electrocardiographic and clinical evidence of paroxysmal auricular tachycardia with block most of the time during a twenty-five year period of observation. The auricular rate was almost always in the vicinity of 200 per minute and the A-V ratio varied between 1 to 1 and 1 to 4. On only one brief occasion was there evidence of congestive failure. He was able to go through two major surgical operations without any difficulty and at present at the age of 79 years he is still ambulatory without cardiac symptoms.
Abstract A26: DNA copy number alterations deregulate expression of miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Greg L. Stewart, Katey SS Enfield, Stephen Lam, Wan Lam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Lung cancer represents an enormous health burden, representing the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with a five-year survival of less than 15%. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as major players in lung cancer oncogenesis, displaying both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions. DNA copy number (CN) amplification of oncogenes is a major molecular mechanism driving cancer, and like protein coding genes, CN alterations can influence miRNA expression levels. We hypothesize that DNA copy number gain modulates the expression of miRNAs important to cancer cell growth, and that integrative analysis can identify these cancer driving miRNAs. Methods: Global gene dosage profiles for 46 lung adenocarcinoma and paired adjacent non-malignant tissues were generated by array comparative genomic hybridization. miRNA sequencing analysis was performed on this same panel of tumors and matched non-malignant tissues using Illumina GAXII small RNA sequencing technologies. CN and expression were correlated for each miRNA (Spearman's correlation &amp;gt;0.3, p&amp;lt;0.05) and expression of each significant miRNA was compared between tumors with and without CN gain (U-test p&amp;lt;0.05). To select for miRNAs that most likely play a role in cancer we compared the expression between tumor and matched normal and selected for miRNAs with a fold change of at least 2 in tumors as compared to normal tissues. Results: We identified a panel of miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma whose expression deregulation was associated with CN alteration. These miRNAs were found to be gained in &amp;gt;15% of tumors and underwent at least a 2 fold greater increase in expression in tumors compared to matched normal tissues. This study identified several miRNAs known to play a role in cancer including miR-141, known to be highly upregulated in lung and ovarian cancer, and miR-301a, upregulated in invasive early cervical cancer. In addition we identified several novel miRNAs that have not yet been implicated in cancer. Conclusion: Here we identify a panel of miRNAs that are selectively gained at the genomic level to alter expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Several of these miRNAs have been previously shown to have oncogenic properties in many cancer types including lung cancer and may be potentially useful as therapeutic targets. In addition we identify several miRNAs that have not been previously reported in lung cancer. Future characterization of these miRNAs may lead to increased knowledge of adenocarcinoma oncogenesis. Citation Format: Greg L. Stewart, Katey SS Enfield, Stephen Lam, Wan Lam. DNA copy number alterations deregulate expression of miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Aged
Authors: John E. Aiken
Journal: JAMA (1961)

PATENT ductus arteriosus occurs in approximately 13% of the congenital heart disease group but is rarely found in elderly people. 1 In a search of the available literature we found reports of references to 11 cases of this lesion in people of 60 years of age and older.  Report of a Case  A 74-year-old female was admitted on Sept. 8, 1958, with complaint of crampy abdominal pain and vomiting. These symptoms began about 3 weeks prior to admission. At first she experienced sharp upper abdominal pain similar to many previous episodes of cholelithiasis which had occurred for the previous 8 years. She had been gradually improving until 3 days prior to admission, when abdominal distension, crampy lower abdominal pain, and nausea and vomiting developed. There had been no bowel movements for 48 hours prior to admission.  The patient had been known to have a cardiac condition since childhood. Her
Sleep and Insomnia
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE CONDITION of reduced consciousness that we call sleep is a composite of at least five distinct, incompletely understood cyclic stages. Two kinds of sleep can be easily identified: REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM. The latter is divided into four stages that range from dozing (stage I) to deepest sleep (stage IV). The electroencephalogram shows a progressive slowing and an increase in amplitude from stages I to IV. Non-REM sleep is associated with little mental or physical activity although muscle tone is retained. By contrast, REM sleep (dreaming or paradoxical sleep) is characterized by a loss of muscle tone except in the eye muscles that perform scanning movements, apparently in response to the dream content. The EEG during dreaming shows even more low-voltage, fast-wave activity (arousal) than during the waking state. Most dreaming occurs during this period, which occupies about 25% of total sleep time. Narcolepsy is usually an
The requirement for basement membrane antigens in the production of human epidermal/dermal composites in vitro
Authors: None RALSTON, None LAYTON, None DALLEY, None BOYCE, None FREEDLANDER, None MAC NEIL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The importance of a dermal element when providing permanent wound cover for skin loss has become evident as the shortcomings of pure epidermal grafts are recognized. We are developing a skin composite formed from sterilized human de-epidermized acellular dermis, keratinocytes and fibroblasts with the ultimate aim of using this composite to cover full-thickness excised burn wounds. These composites can be prepared with or without basement membrane (BM) antigens initially present on the dermis. This study investigates the importance of retaining BM antigens on the dermis to the production and appearance of these composites in vitro. Skin composites prepared from dermis with BM antigens either present or absent initially were studied throughout 3 weeks. Composites with BM antigens present initially were significantly better than those initially lacking BM antigens in: (i) the degree of epithelial cell attachment to the underlying dermis (hemidesmosomes were seen only in the former); (ii) the morphology of the epithelial layer; (iii) the consistent presence of collagen IV and laminin and the increasing expression of tenascin; and (iv) the amount of soluble collagen IV and fibronectin detected in the conditioned media. We conclude that an initial BM antigen template is vital in this skin composite model for the attachment and differentiation of the epithelial layer and for the subsequent remodelling of the BM in vitro.
Hemochromatosis, Hypogonadism, Testosterone, and Erythropoiesis
Authors: JAMES A. O'HARE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Hemochromatosis, Hypogonadism, Testosterone, and ErythropoiesisJAMES A. O'HARE, M.D., ARTURO P. ROLLA, M.D.JAMES A. O'HARE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTURO P. ROLLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-871_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Kelly and colleagues (1) have suggested that sexual function and sex hormone concentrations can be restored to normal levels after iron depletion therapy in certain patients with hypogonadism due to hemochromatosis. Unfortunately, the alcohol history and details of liver disease in these patients were not documented, because these factors also could have contributed to hypogonadism.Their claim of reversible hypogonadism is based on findings in two patients, one of whom had the rare finding in hemochromatosis of primary testicular failure (2-4). The other patient had a modestly reduced testosterone level. Also interesting is that the two patients...References1. KELLYEDWARDSMEIKLEKUSHNER TCAJ. Hypogonadism in hemochromatosia: reversal with iron depletion. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:629-32. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STOCKSPOWELL AL. Pituitary function in idiopathic hemochromatosis and cirrhosis of the liver. Lancet. 1972;2:298-300. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WALTENKELLYLAINGBULOCK CWID. Endocrine abnormalities in idiopathic hemochromatosis. Q J Med. 1983;205:99-110. Google Scholar4. MACNEILMCKEELORBERRABIN LLDD. The endocrine manifestations of hemochromatosis. Am J Med Sci. 1983 285:7-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHAHIDI N. Androgens and erythropoiesis. N Engl J Med. 1972;289:72-80. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New England Deaconess Hospital Joslin Diabetes Center Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAndrogens and erythropoiesis: Past and present 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 871-872KeywordsAlcoholsAttentionErythropoiesisHemochromatosisHypogonadismLiver diseasesSex hormonesTestosterone Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis
Authors: Jeremy S. Duffield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Fibrosis is a characteristic feature of all forms of chronic kidney disease. Deposition of pathological matrix in the interstitial space and within the walls of glomerular capillaries as well as the cellular processes resulting in this deposition are increasingly recognized as important factors amplifying kidney injury and accelerating nephron demise. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis herald the promise of new therapies to slow kidney disease progression. This review focuses on new findings that enhance understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis, the characteristics of myofibroblasts, their progenitors, and molecular pathways regulating both fibrogenesis and its resolution.
Improvement of Huntington's Disease with Olanzapine and Valproate
Authors: Vernon Eugene Grove, Jaime Quintanilla, George T. DeVaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Huntington's disease is an inherited, progressive, mentally and physically disabling disorder characterized by choreoathetoid movements, dementia, and occasionally psychosis.1 Rejection of assistance by many patients makes this an especially emotionally painful condition for family members and caregivers. A 39-year-old man and a 52-year-old woman with Huntington's disease of 8 and 13 years' duration, respectively, were hospitalized because of agitation, aggression, and delusions that had begun 2 to 3 years earlier. In the year before admission, their uncontrollable movements had become so severe that they could not walk or assist in their own care. Both had received haloperidol . . .
Adolescent Suicide: Second Leading Death Cause
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE RATE OF recorded adolescent suicide has nearly tripled over the last several decades: from 4.5 per 10000015-to 24-year-olds in 1950 to 12.3 in 1980. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2060-2061). In 1980, for the first time, the median age of Americans killing themselves was less than 40 years. Since 1980, however, the rate has begun to level off. Some epidemiologists suggest that it will fall into the mid1990s. Although those who study suicide caution against citing any one cause for the rise, they point to possible factors such as the increase in alcohol and substance abuse, change in family structure, decline in church attendance, and uncertainty about the future (including the threat of nuclear war). A recent study, for example, found that the main psychiatric diagnosis for 53% of 133 consecutive young suicides in San Diego was substance abuse