tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is there an advantage of three dimensional computed tomography scanning over plain abdominal radiograph in the detection of retained needles in the abdomen?
Authors: Servet Hacivelioglu, Ozan Karatag, Ayşenur Cakir Gungor, Meryem Gencer, Sule Kosar, Betul Kizildag, Yavuz Yildiz, Sercin Bas
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Heart Failure but Not Atrial Tachycardia Remodeling
Authors: Masao Sakabe, Akiko Shiroshita-Takeshita, Ange Maguy, Chloe Dumesnil, Anil Nigam, Tack-Ki Leung, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

There is epidemiological evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but clinical data are conflicting. The present study assessed the effects of PUFA on AF in experimental models.We studied the effects of oral PUFA supplements in 2 experimental AF paradigms: electrical remodeling induced by atrial tachypacing (400 bpm for 1 week) and congestive heart failure-associated structural remodeling induced by ventricular tachypacing (240 bpm for 2 weeks). PUFA pretreatment did not directly change atrial effective refractory period (128+/-6 [mean+/-SEM] versus 127+/-2 ms; all effective refractory periods at 300-ms cycle lengths) or burst pacing-induced AF duration (5+/-4 versus 34+/-18 seconds). Atrial tachypacing dogs had shorter refractory periods (73+/-6 ms) and greater AF duration (1185+/-300 seconds) than shams (119+/-5 ms and 20+/-11 seconds; P<0.01 for each). PUFAs did not significantly alter atrial tachypacing effects on refractory periods (77+/-8 ms) or AF duration (1128+/-412 seconds). PUFAs suppressed ventricular tachypacing-induced increases in AF duration (952+/-221 versus 318+/-249 seconds; P<0.05) and attenuated congestive heart failure-related atrial fibrosis (from 19.2+/-1.1% to 5.8+/-1.0%; P<0.001) and conduction abnormalities. PUFAs also attenuated ventricular tachypacing-induced hemodynamic dysfunction (eg, left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrial pressure from 12.2+/-0.5 and 11.4+/-0.6 mm Hg, respectively, to 6.4+/-0.5 and 7.0+/-0.8 mm Hg; P<0.01) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular-signal related and P38 kinase).PUFAs suppress congestive heart failure-induced atrial structural remodeling and AF promotion but do not affect atrial tachycardia-induced electrical remodeling. The beneficial effects of PUFAs on structural remodeling, possibly related to prevention of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, may contribute to their clinical anti-AF potential.
Beat-to-Beat Analysis of Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relation and Stroke Volume by Conductance Catheter and Aortic Modelflow in Cardiomyoplasty Patients
Authors: J.J. Schreuder, F.H. van der Veen, E.T. van der Velde, F. Delahaye, O. Alfieri, O. Jegaden, R. Lorusso, J.R.C. Jansen, V. van Ommen, G. Finet, H.J.J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Since the clinical introduction of dynamic cardiomyoplasty, a discrepancy has been observed between unchanged measurements of cardiac function and improved clinical outcome. Methods and Results We performed a beat-to-beat analysis of cardiac performance at rest in nine cardiomyoplasty patients 6 to 24 months after operation. Conductance and micromanometer catheters were placed in left ventricle and aorta and used for measurements over a 15-second period, during which the wrapped latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was stimulated for 10 seconds in a 1:2 synchronization mode followed by a 5-second period without LD stimulation. The synchronization delay between start of the QRS complex and the LD contraction was changed from 4 up to 125 ms at the patient’s clinical stimulation strength and at an increased supramaximal amplitude. Comparing the LD assisted period to the unassisted period, at the clinical settings no significant changes in stroke volume (SV) as measured by the conductance technique and the aortic Modelflow technique were observed. A significant ( P &lt;.05) rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was observed directly after the assisted 10-second period. The peak ejection rate (PER) of left ventricular volume increased ( P &lt;.05), with a mean of 28±23% during the LD stimulated beats. At the patient’s individual best setting, SV of the stimulated beats increased ( P &lt;.01) by a mean of 20±15%. Systolic aortic pressure increased ( P &lt;.01) by a mean of 7 mm Hg, peak negative dP/dt increased ( P &lt;.01), and PER increased, with a mean of 68±24% ( P &lt;.01). LVEDP was similar in stimulated and unstimulated beats and increased ( P &lt;.05) in the nonpaced 5-second period. The delay for the best setting ranged from 25 to 125 ms; the stimulus strength was 1.5 to 3 V higher than the clinical setting. At the patient’s individual worst setting, SV remained unchanged and PER was higher, with a mean of 30±25% ( P &lt;.05). The worst setting was observed at the 1.5- to 3-V-higher stimulus strength; in six patients, it was at a short delay (4 to 25 ms) and in three patients, at the longest delay (100 to 125 ms). Conclusions By the left ventricular conductance catheter and aortic Modelflow methods, improvement in cardiac function by dynamic cardiomyoplasty was demonstrated in this patient group. The synchronization interval, stimulus strength, and stimulus duration appeared to be critical for obtaining optimal improvement.
Hodgkin lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Disease overview: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 9,000 new patients annually and representing approximately 11% of all lymphomas in the United States. Diagnosis: HL is composed of two distinct disease entities; the more commonly diagnosed classical HL and the rare nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte‐rich HL are subgroups under the designation of classical HL. Risk stratification: An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence are used to optimize therapy for patients with limited or advanced stage disease. Risk‐adapted therapy: Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved‐field radiation therapy, while those with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy often without radiation therapy. Management of refractory disease: High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, palliative chemotherapy, non‐myeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered. © Am. J. Hematol. 87:1096–1103, 2012. VVC 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors-Reply
Authors: Charles W. Plows
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Eide cites Jefferson for the important proposition that all citizens enjoy certain inalienable rights. However, inalienable rights are not absolute rights—murderers sentenced to capital punishment forfeit their right to life. Moreover, inalienable rights are not always inalienable. Patients may alienate their right to life by declining life-sustaining treatment. Even inalienable rights must be balanced with other rights and interests. Although we may agree on what rights are important, we frequently disagree on how those rights should be weighed against each other. Despite his enunciation of the right to liberty, Jefferson himself owned slaves. Eide seems troubled by the view that different persons enjoy different rights, but that view is not only reasonable, it is morally obligatory. We deny children the right to fight for their country, and we deny them the right to reject formal education. Ms Ferguson observes that the Council's proposal will have a small
Serological abnormalities in juvenile chronic arthritis: a review of 46 cases.
Authors: Z Balogh, K Meretey, A Falus, S Bozsoky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Data of 46 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were evaluated. All of them were under the age of 16 at the time of study. Patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded from this series. Twenty-six patients had pauciarticular, 9 had systemic, 8 had polyarticular, and 3 patients had seropositive 9adult type9 JCA. In all patient groups IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 levels were significantly higher than in the control group. None of the controls but 13 of 46 patients had high IgE levels. IgA and IgG values were significantly higher in the seropositive subgroup than in the pauciarticular subgroup. There was no other positive correlation between levels of immunoglobulins, C3, and clinical features of disease. Platelet counts were significantly higher in patients with active disease. In the control group 4 out of 10 children had 9hidden9 rheumatoid factor. All these children with positive findings were young.
Single Daily Dose Prednisone Therapy
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Seventy-six adults with either arthritis or asthma have been treated with a single daily dose of up to 15 mg of prednisone for from one to 19 years (average, 3.7 years). Although blunting of the serum cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone occurred in some, no complete pituitary suppression occurred until a larger dose was given. The single daily dose can be given in either the morning or evening with no notable difference in serum cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Only minor side effects occurred infrequently. This therapeutic regimen should be useful in other diseases for which steroid therapy is indicated. Patients receiving a single daily dose should receive supplemental corticosteroids during periods of unusual stress, eg, a major surgical procedure. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2721-2723, 1979)
Local administration of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, suppresses airway inflammation and IL-4 production in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Susetta Finotto, Michael Buerke, Karen Lingnau, Edgar Schmitt, Peter R. Galle, Markus F. Neurath
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Fast‐mode duplex qPCR for <i>BCR‐ABL1</i> molecular monitoring: Innovation, automation, and harmonization
Authors: Gareth Gerrard, Katherine Mudge, Pierre Foskett, David Stevens, Mary Alikian, Helen E. White, Nicholas C.P. Cross, Jane Apperley, Letizia Foroni
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR)is currently the most sensitive tool available for the routine monitoring of disease level in patients undergoing treatment for BCRABL1 associated malignancies. Considerable effort has been invested at both the local and international levels to standardise the methodology and reporting criteria used to assess this critical metric. In an effort to accommodate the demands of increasing sample throughput and greater standardization, we adapted the current best-practice guidelines to encompass automation platforms and improved multiplex RT-qPCR technology.
Alterations in Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow in Mitral Valve Disease Studied by Radioisotope Scanning
Authors: WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The distribution of pulmonary blood flow was studied by external scintillation scanning of intravenously injected 131 I-labeled macroaggregates of human serum albumin. The technique, its validation, and the underlying considerations are discussed in detail. In 13 normal subjects, in whom the indicator was injected while they were in the erect position, the ratio of concentration of radioactivity per unit of lung volume in the upper third of the right lung to that in the lower third (U/L) averaged 0.43±0.08 sd . When 131 I-MAA was injected with the subjects in the supine position, this ratio averaged 0.92±0.05. In 35 patients with mitral valve disease in whom the injections were made while they were in the erect position, varying abnormalities of the distribution of the pulmonary arterial blood flow were observed, U/L averaging 1.01±0.34. The extent of the abnormality of distribution was found to be a function of the hemodynamic severity of the mitral valve disease, and U/L correlated more closely with the mean left atrial pressure than with any other hemodynamic variable. The potential applicability of the 131 I-MAA technique in the detection and assessment of mitral valve disease was discussed.
Reversible Low-Dose Bleomycin Lung Disease
Authors: Gerald Batist
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is continued controversy and concern about the occurrence of pulmonary toxic reaction induced by low-dose bleomycin sulfate, as well as the reversibility of this lesion. Brown et al (239:2012, 1978) presented a case of symptomatic, radiological, and biopsy-proved interstitial pneumonitis in a patient who received 15 mg of bleomycin sulfate per week. Mitomycin, at a dose and schedule not mentioned, was also administered. Medication withdrawal and steroid therapy reversed the disease. Subsequently, Orwoll et al<sup>1</sup>described three patients with probable mitomycin-induced pneumonitis. These patients showed complete resolution of symptoms with steroid therapy. Other reports of low-dose bleomycin toxic reaction were in patients with previous toxic reaction to drug therapy<sup>2</sup>or remote radiation therapy (235:1253, 1976). Reversible bleomycin lung with distinctly different pathological signs has also been described.<sup>3</sup> Although low-dose bleomycin lung toxic reaction undoubtedly does occur,<sup>4</sup>the case report by Brown et al
A SIMPLE METHOD OF CAUTERIZATION OF THE CERVIX
Authors: SAMUEL FRANK ABRAMS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

While lesions of the cervix are regarded as of minor importance, they are such common precursors of more serious conditions'that their successful treatment cannot be too greatly stressed. In spite of the fact that attention has recently been called to the effect of the cautery on cervical lesions, it seems that a majority of physicians are still treating by topical applications, douches and packs, and, obtaining no results, are either advising operative procedures, or are disregarding the pathologic condition entirely, if it is causing no discharge. That the operative treatment is no longer the method of choice may be seen by the statement of Howard Kelley, who says: "The one method of treatment is the actual cautery. With this process available, I but rarely operate any more for lacerations of the cervix." Lacerations, erosions of the cervix, and endocervicitis are closely allied, and their treatment to a large extent is
Abstract B56: DNA demethylation in gene bodies is of therapeutic significance
Authors: Han Han Zhang, Xiaojing Yang, Daniel D. De Carvalho, Peter A. Jones, Gangning Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reversal of aberrant promoter hypermethylation and associated gene silencing has been the primary focus of epigenetic therapy. Recently, gene body methylation has been implicated as having a functional role in the regulation of gene expression; however it is unclear how gene body methylation changes might contribute to the therapeutic effects of epigenetic therapy. To investigate the role of DNA demethylation in inducing gene expression changes in a comprehensive way, we treated the HCT116 colon cancer cell line with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) transiently for 24 hours and monitored changes in gene expression and DNA methylation levels at gene bodies and promoters for up to 42 days after treatment using 450K Infinium DNA methylation arrays and expression arrays. We observed that probes that became demethylated and subsequently regained methylation did at different rates. As we expected, demethylation of methylated promoters is negatively correlated with expression (R2≤ -0.75) and considerable demethylation of promoters (485) and the associated gene reactivation could be maintained for up to 42 days after drug treatment. Most of these genes are de novo methylated and their expression is down-regulated in primary colon cancers in the TCGA database. Strikingly, a group of genes shows a positive correlation between demethylation of gene bodies and down-regulation of gene expression after treatment (R2≥ 0.75). Four hundred ninety eight have fast rebound methylation kinetics and decreased expression and they are enriched for genes involved in metabolic process which are over-expressed in primary colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, 494 genes with sustained down-regulation of gene expression maintained their demethylated status and those are enriched for de novo methylation targets and over-expressed genes in colon cancer. Our results demonstrate that DNA demethylation at gene bodies induced by 5-Aza-CdR can be of therapeutic significance by resulting in the down-regulation of genes that are overexpressed in cancers. Our findings also confirm that demethylation treatment could potentially cause prolonged reactivation of genes that are silenced by promoter methylation while simultaneously down-regulating genes that are overexpressed and have body methylation. Together, demethylation of gene bodies may confer therapeutic benefit in addition to demethylation of gene promoters. Citation Format: Han Han Zhang, Xiaojing Yang, Daniel D. De Carvalho, Peter A. Jones, Gangning Liang. DNA demethylation in gene bodies is of therapeutic significance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B56.
BLOODLESS REPOSITION OF THE CONGENITALLY DISLOCATED HIP JOINT VERSUS ARTHROTOMY.WITH STATISTICS OF 34 CASES OPERATED ON BY DR. LORENZ DURING HIS VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1902.
Authors: FREDERICK MUELLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

A dispute which appears to be settled, at least so far as the competent authorities in Germany, France and Italy are concerned, seems to have been resurrected in America in recent days. The question is whether the open operation or the bloodless reposition of the congenital dislocation of the hip joint should dominate the future therapy of this deformity. One of Sherman's later publications<sup>1</sup>is so much in favor of the open operation that it seems quite justifiable to compare these methods of treatment critically without any prejudice. In this connection I quote the historical fact that the originator of the bloodless method, Prof. A. Lorenz of Vienna, had the largest record (about 200 cases) of open operations just at the very time when he began to develop the bloodless method, which he considers the only and the most suitable treatment. Prof. A. Hoffa of Berlin, whom we may call the most prominent pioneer in the development of the open method,
Swimming in Cold Water
Authors: W. R. Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (1969)

all the micro-organisms commonly respon- sible for such lesions.We find it surprising that no mention is made in his paper of the genus of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, the Bacteroides fusiformis, various species of which have been reported in cerebral abscesses, particularly those occurring in association with chronic infections of the middle ear, respiratory sinuses, and respiratory tract, and in cyanotic congenital heart disease.' 2 The particular importance of the Bacteroides organisms isolated from these abscesses is that they are usually resistant to penicillin.During the past five years in this hospital of approximately 50 patients with cerebral abscesses 11 patients yielded Bacteraides on culture, and of these 10 were Bacteroides fragilis-a species which is highly resistant to penicillin' 4 Treatment of infec- tions due to penicillin-resistant Bacteroides with penicillin in high dosage has usually been unsuccessful ' We therefore suggest that in cerebral abscesses arising from chronic foci or associated with congenital cyanotic heart disease it would be desirable to employ in addition to penicillin an antibiotic such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, or lincomycin to deal with these penicillin-resistant bacteria.''-We are, etc.,
The pathogenesis of osteodystrophy after renal transplantation as detected by early alterations in bone remodeling
Authors: Eudocia Rojas, Raul G. Carlini, Paul Clesca, Anabella Arminio, Orlando Suniaga, Karen De Elguezabal, José R. Weisinger, Keith A. Hruska, Ezequiel Bellorin-Font
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Selective affective biasing in recognition memory in the irritable bowel syndrome.
Authors: J E Gomborone, P A Dewsnap, G W Libby, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1993)

The cognitive model of depression assigns a central role to negatively biased information processing in the pathogenesis of the emotional disorder. The relationship between depression and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was explored from a cognitive perspective. A word recognition memory task was constructed: subjects had to memorize and subsequently recognise a set of emotionally loaded stimulus words with either positive, neutral, or negative connotations. Four age matched groups participated--30 IBS patients, 28 depressed patients, 28 patients with organic gastrointestinal disease, and 30 healthy volunteers. The depressed patients, as would be expected, showed a significant bias in favour of emotionally negative words (p &lt; 0.05): the IBS patients showed the same negative bias. In addition the IBS patients made significantly more false-positive type errors in recognising emotionally negative words than either the depressed patients (p &lt; 0.05) or the healthy volunteers (p &lt; 0.01). This suggests that the IBS patients have a peculiar confirmatory bias for negative material. This may have clinical relevance in terms of the IBS patients9 evaluation of their own abdominal sensory experience.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Medical and Surgical Management
Authors: Howard M. DuBose, Harry J. Price, Paul H. Guilfoil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SPONTANEOUS pneumothorax was recognized as a clinical entity when Laënnec first made the diagnosis in a living patient in 1819.1 As recently as twenty years ago it was generally believed that spontaneous pneumothorax was indicative of pulmonary cuberculosis even though reports on the occurrence of this condition in apparently healthy persons had appeared in the literature as early as 1887.2 The work of Kjaergaard3 in 1932 and subsequent reports of several large series4 5 6 7 in otherwise healthy persons without evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the time of collapse or subsequently during adequate follow-up periods have largely dispelled the idea of tuberculous . . .
Diagnosis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: F. Raymond Keating
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Before 1934 primary hyperparathyroidism was recognized rarely and only in the form of osteitis fibrosa cystica. After Albright demonstrated its occurrence in patients with little or no skeletal disease, with urinary lithiasis, and with minimal evidence of biochemical disorder, it was diagnosed more frequently. In the present series of cases the diagnosis was made in 16 patients in 15 years before and in 364 patients in 18 years after adopting Albright's recommendations. Of these 380 patients, 42 had classic osteitis and 259 had no clinical evidence of bone disease; 291 had symptoms of urinary calcinosis and 89 did not. Some had symptoms of hypercalcemia, including weakness, bradycardia, and polydipsia, but often laboratory findings alone suggested the diagnosis. Hypercalcemia has thus far been the one finding essential to the diagnosis; although sometimes minimal, it has always been present.