tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Production of antibodies to gliadin in intestinal mucosa of patients with coeliac disease: a study at the single cell level.
Authors: N Lycke, A Kilander, L A Nilsson, A Tarkowski, N Werner
Journal: Gut (1989)

Lymphocytes obtained after enzymatic digestion of intestinal biopsies from patients with coeliac disease were examined for the presence of gliadin specific antibody secreting cells by means of the ELISPOT technique. This technique permits enumeration of gliadin antibody secreting immunocytes, differentiated with regard to immunoglobulin class. Patients with coeliac disease were found to have high (834/10(6) cells) numbers of antigliadin spot forming cells (SFC) in gut mucosa. IgG and IgM antigliadin antibody secreting cells were infrequently shown whereas IgA antigliadin SFC predominated in all patients tested (average 68% of total SFC). Ten control patients were investigated in parallel with the coeliac patients and showed only low numbers of gliadin antibody secreting cells in gut mucosa (49/10(6) isolated cells). Antigliadin antibody secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was shown in only two of six coeliac patients tested and in none of the control patients. The findings suggest that the intestinal mucosa is a major site for antigliadin antibody production and that IgA is the dominating Ig-class of these antibodies. The high sensitivity and accuracy of the ELISPOT technique may provide a useful instrument for future studies of antibody production and regulation of the gut immune response to gluten and other alimentary antigens in coeliac and other intestinal diseases.
PRIMARY PNEUMOCOCCIC PERITONITIS
Authors: A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1908)

Background: We aimed to investigate the molecular features of synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Out of 1,262 patients with CRC, 130 lesions in 59 patients with synchronous CRC were retrospectively analyzed. Microsatellite, v-Ki-Ras2 Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), tumor protein 53 (TP53) and β-catenin status were evaluated and compared between synchronous CRC lesions in each patient. Results: The subtypes of instability, BRAF and β-catenin subtypes was significant but low. Patients with discordant KRAS and TP53 were not concordant between lesions in the same patient, and concordance of microsatellite KRAS/BRAF subtypes comprised 50.8% of those with synchronous CRC. The rate of patients with lesions containing both mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) methylation and microsatellite stable status was 66.7% in those with synchronous CRC, with at least one lesion with high microsatellite instability. Conclusion: The present study on synchronous CRC demonstrated a low concordance of molecular subtypes between lesions in the same patient. A molecular analysis of metastatic lesions is warranted for molecular targeted therapy of metastatic synchronous CRC.
Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms in Different Cultures
Authors: Mohan Isaac, Aleksandar Janca, Kimberly Christie Burke, Jorge Alberto Costa e Silva, Stanley Wilson Acuda, Carlo Altamura, Jack D. Burke, Jr., C.R. Chandrashekar, Claudio T. Miranda, Gianluigi Tacchin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

The World Health Organization has recently launched an international study of somatoform disorders in different cultures. Five centres representing distinct cultures participated in phase I of the project, the main objective of which was to test the cross-cultural applicability and reliability of instruments for the assessment of somatoform disorders. The analysis of the assessed somatic symptoms showed that various aches and pains in different parts of the body represented cross-culturally the most frequent symptoms for which there was no medical explanation. Such symptoms may indicate the presence of an underlying mental disorder but can also represent a means for culture-specific expression of psychosocial distress. This bears particular significance for health professionals in primary and general medical care, who are most likely to encounter patients presenting with multiple, persistent and medically unexplained somatic symptoms.
Histological Sub-classification of Cirrhosis Is Useful for Predicting Recurrence and Survival After Curative Resection of HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Seung Up Kim, Kyu Sik Jung, Sangheun Lee, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Chae Yoon Chon, Gi Hong Choi, Kyung Sik Kim, Jin Sub Choi, Kwang-Hyub Han, Young Nyun Park
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
A DOUBLE STOMACH TUBE.
Authors: F. B. TURCK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

This new apparatus is similar to the needle-douche and the gastric motor meter. It consists of a thin rubber bag connected with a double tube, and has been devised by me for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. As stated before, this is simply an addition to the double tube, known as the needle-douche, which I first used two years ago, and which was first shown at the International Medical Congress at Rome in 1894, and later at the meeting of theAmerican Medical Associationat Baltimore, May 7, 1895. Further reports on its uses and advantages were published in the<i>Therapeutic Gazette</i>, May 22, 1895, in an article on "Chronic Glandular Gastritis." Again, reference has been made to the use of the double tube in an article "Methods of Diagnosis and Therapeutics in Diseases of the Stomach," published in theJournal of the American Medical Association, June 22, 1895.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN SEBUM EXCRETION
Authors: J. L. BURTON, W. J. CUNLIFFE, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— We have shown that the sebum excretion rate in men and women with and without acne exhibits a circadian rhythm. The individual peaks are asynchronous, but in the majority of subjects the peak is reached in the late morning.
Counterpoint: Oral Hypoglyemic Agents Should Be Used to Treat Diabetic Pregnant Women
Authors: Edward J. Coetzee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

It has now been established that even mild forms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (impaired glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization 1985 criteria) can cause major morbidity and even mortality if left untreated (1). As with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of GDM has increased dramatically, linked to the worldwide obesity epidemic (2). This increase has been especially prevalent in the developing world and among indigenous populations who have adopted the unhealthy lifestyle of countries that are now part of the developed world (Maoris in New Zealand, Aborigines in Australia, and indigenous Americans in North America). The developing world, especially India but also Africa, faces an enormous increase in pregnant diabetic patients (both with GDM and with type 2 diabetes).

Specifically, Africa has neither the infrastructure nor the financial resources available to treat such large numbers of patients. If plans and appropriate protocols are not designed specifically for the needs of the pregnant population in these countries, there will be a marked increase in perinatal mortality and morbidity. It is especially the mortality, the severe birth injuries, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal hypoglycemia that cause concern in developing countries. Although large-for-gestational-age newborns are a very sensitive marker for good diabetic control, the prevention thereof is unlikely to be the top priority in poorly resourced countries.

It is probable that insulin resistance is the main problem in these types of diabetes. In pregnancy, the maternal pancreas is unable to meet the increased demand of insulin that pregnancy requires and therefore cannot regulate the blood glucose levels within the narrow confines required. In pregnancy, although the fed state is prolonged, the glucose excursions remain in a narrow range.

Many GDM and type 2 diabetic patients are hyperinsulinemic, and it is illogical to just use more insulin, leading to further obesity. A …
Programming of marginal zone B-cell fate by basic Krüppel-like factor (BKLF/KLF3)
Authors: Gleb Turchinovich, Thi Thanh Vu, Friederike Frommer, Jan Kranich, Sonja Schmid, Melanie Alles, Jean-Baptiste Loubert, Jean-Philippe Goulet, Ursula Zimber-Strobl, Pascal Schneider, Jürgen Bachl, Richard Pearson, Merlin Crossley, Fabien Agenès, Jörg Kirberg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Clinical Judgment: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

For a concept that cuts to the core of medicine, clinical judgment is remarkably unanalyzed. Engelhardt, Spicker, and Towers have edited a volume of fascinating papers orginally prepared for the First Transdisciplinary Symposium on Philosophy. Though virtually every physician believes that clinical judgment is the crucial technique in medicine, few probably could define it, much less defend it against some striking criticisms that are presented here. The authors, coming primarily from medicine and philosophy, seem to be of three opinions. One group assumes that clinical judgment deserves its high place in the physician's world and then proceeds to analyze it. Whether from the standpoint of the clinician (Cassell) or the systems analyst (Potchen et al), the goal is a deeper understanding of what takes place when a physician makes judgments called clinical. The more challenging essays come from two groups of authors who question the foundations and assumptions of clinical
Correction of Neurologic Data
Authors: E. Charles Kunkle
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journalstill seems to have troubles with some of its neurologic data. I am concerned most recently and in particular by an answer in the Questions and Answers section ofThe Journal(<b>179</b>:744 [March 3] 1962) concerning a patient who complains of tearing, mainly on yawning or moving his jaw. The answer is unfortunately far from the mark in many ways. The brain stem nuclei serving salivation, and presumably also lacrimation, are in the pons, not the midbrain. I know of no sound evidence that so-called crocodile tears can result from an injury to the gasserian ganglion or its roots or divisions; to the best of my knwoledge there is little or no evidence that a lesion within the midbrain produces this curious symptom. It is ordinarily associated with some type of injury to the facial nerve in its proximal portion where it carries with
Lateral chest X-ray for physicians
Authors: Khalid A Gaber, Clive R McGavin, Irving P Wells
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Despite advances in radiology, the chest X-ray (CXR) has survived as the most frequently requested examination.About 6.7 million are performed each year in the UK. 1 The radiation dose of a frontal CXR is equivalent to only three days' exposure to natural background radiation (effective dose 0.02 mSv. 2 The lateral CXR is less frequently requested and more difficult to interpret.Nevertheless it contains much information on the thoracic cage, pleura, lungs, pericardium, heart, mediastinum and upper abdomen.Many junior doctors, at ease with the frontal CXR, seem intimidated by the lateral film.Uncertain when to request or how to interpret, they may retreat expensively and unnecessarily into computerized tomography.The lateral CXR is performed with the side of interest closer to the X-ray film, giving an effective dose of 0.05 mSv.If the side is not specified, a left lateral is usually taken.In this paper we offer a brief guide to demystify and clarify this cheap and useful investigation.Essentially there are four indications and four main abnormalities to interpret.
. . . But Lack of Standardized Extracts Foils Clinical Studies
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2427: Molecular and pharmacokinetic studies of dicycloplatin, a new platinum analogue, suggest it is a promising chemotherapeutic agent.
Authors: Xuqing Yang, Qinhua Song, Michael D. Mueller, Jing Jie Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Dicycloplatin (DCP), a new platinum compound recently approved by the Chinese FDA, is a platinum-based supramolecule. The host-part (carboplatin) and a guest-part (cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid or CBDC) are linked by hydrogen bonds. DCP has a stable chemical structure and good water solubility. Pharmacokinetic studies show that the prototype DCP concentration 2-h after administration is still high (17.1 μg/ml), after 26.9 μg/ml at 0.5 hour. In comparison, 5.01 μg/ml of carboplatin prototype is obtained 2-h after administration. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies and a phase I clinical trial demonstrated that DCP possesses significant antitumor activity, with fewer adverse effects than carboplatin. Molecular investigation of DCP-treated ovarian cancer A2780 cells showed activation of several kinases, including Chk2, p53, BRCA1 and other downstream factors. The increase in activated p-Chk2, p-p53 and p-BRCA1 after 1-h DCP exposure at IC50 dose occurred in a time-dependent manner. Quantitative analysis of phosphorylated Chk2 and BRCA1 expression revealed that the amount of dicycloplatin-induced phosphorylation of the two factors doubled at 48-h and tripled for p53 at 24-h, compared to controls. We observed that the DCP-induced activation profile and cisplatin-activated mechanisms are similar. We conclude that dicycloplatin is a promising platinum chemotherapeutic compound. Citation Format: Xuqing Yang, Qinhua Song, Michael D. Mueller, Jing Jie Yu. Molecular and pharmacokinetic studies of dicycloplatin, a new platinum analogue, suggest it is a promising chemotherapeutic agent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2427
Acute Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Ben D. Hall, Francis C. Archer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE absence of anemia in infectious mononucleosis is generally accepted. Indeed, this fact is useful as an aid in the differential diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and leukemia. Bernstein1 has stated that anemia of any appreciable degree does not appear in infectious mononucleosis unless associated with some complicating factor such as hemorrhage or dietary deficiency. In a study of 300 cases of infectious mononucleosis, Read and Helwig2 found only 6 cases with concomitant anemia; of these, 3 were associated with a rapidly developing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, the anemia being a part of this pancytopenia.The occurrence of acute hemolytic anemia in . . .
Assessment of the allergic potential of food protein extracts and proteins on oral application using the brown Norway rat model.
Authors: Léon M J Knippels, André H Penninks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The need for widely accepted and validated animal models to test the potential allergenicity and potency of novel (biotechnology-derived) proteins has become an important issue for their safety evaluation. In this article, we summarize the results of the development of an oral sensitization protocol for food proteins in the rat. Young Brown Norway rats were exposed to either various purified allergenic proteins (e.g., ovalbumin, partly purified), a whole food (cow's milk), or total protein extracts (hen's egg white, peanut) by daily gavage dosing during 42 days without the use of an adjuvant. The results showed that Brown Norway rats can be sensitized orally to the various allergenic food proteins tested, resulting in antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgE responses, without the use of adjuvants. Animals orally exposed to cow's milk or total protein extracts of egg white also developed specific IgE and IgG antibodies that recognized the same proteins compared with antibodies from patients allergic to egg white or cow's milk. We also studied local and systemic immune-mediated effects. In ovalbumin-sensitized rats, some clinical symptoms of food allergy were studied upon an oral challenge with ovalbumin. The results demonstrated that gut permeability was increased and that in some animals breathing frequency and systolic blood pressure were temporarily decreased. The results obtained show that the Brown Norway rat provides a suitable animal model for food allergy research and for the study of relative allergenicity of existing and novel food proteins.
VEGF Inhibition and Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Vera Eremina, J. Ashley Jefferson, Jolanta Kowalewska, Howard Hochster, Mark Haas, Joseph Weisstuch, Catherine Richardson, Jeffrey B. Kopp, M. Golam Kabir, Peter H. Backx, Hans-Peter Gerber, Napoleone Ferrara, Laura Barisoni, Charles E. Alpers, Susan E. Quaggin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The glomerular microvasculature is particularly susceptible to injury in thrombotic microangiopathy, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. We report the cases of six patients who were treated with bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in whom glomerular disease characteristic of thrombotic microangiopathy developed. To show that local reduction of VEGF within the kidney is sufficient to trigger the pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathy, we used conditional gene targeting to delete VEGF from renal podocytes in adult mice; this resulted in a profound thrombotic glomerular injury. These observations provide evidence that glomerular injury in patients who are treated with bevacizumab is probably due to direct targeting of VEGF by antiangiogenic therapy.
Prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients without HIV infection
Authors: Soo Jung Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Young-Jae Cho, Young Sik Park, Chang-Hoon Lee, Ho Il Yoon, Sang-Min Lee, Jae-Joon Yim, Jae Ho Lee, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Choon-Taek Lee, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Hong Bin Kim, Jong Sun Park
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
1187 IFN STIMULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER IS A BETTER PREDICTOR OF TREATMENT RESPONSE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C THAN THE IL28B (IFNλ3) GENOTYPE
Authors: M.T. Dill, F.H.T. Duong, J.E. Vogt, S. Bibert, P.-Y. Bochud, L. Terracciano, A. Papassotiropoulos, V. Roth, M.H. Heim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Nasal Inflammatory Mediators In Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids) Cross-intolerant Subjects After Lysine Nasal Challenge
Authors: I. Dona, P. Campo, M. Sanak, J. Cornejo, A. Correa, N. Blanca-Lopez, M. Salas, M. Sanchez, G. Canto, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Silencing Mutant ATXN3 Expression Resolves Molecular Phenotypes in SCA3 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Edgardo Rodríguez-Lebrón, Maria doCarmo Costa, Katiuska Luna-Cancalon, Therese M Peron, Svetlana Fischer, Ryan L Boudreau, Beverly L Davidson, Henry L Paulson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the deubiquitinating enzyme, Ataxin-3. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this fatal disorder but studies support the hypothesis that reducing mutant Ataxin-3 protein levels might reverse or halt the progression of disease in SCA3. Here, we sought to modulate ATXN3 expression in vivo using RNA interference. We developed artificial microRNA mimics targeting the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of human ATXN3 and then used recombinant adeno-associated virus to deliver them to the cerebellum of transgenic mice expressing the full human disease gene (SCA3/MJD84.2 mice). Anti-ATXN3 microRNA mimics effectively suppressed human ATXN3 expression in SCA3/MJD84.2 mice. Short-term treatment cleared the abnormal nuclear accumulation of mutant Ataxin-3 throughout the transduced SCA3/MJD84.2 cerebellum. Analysis also revealed changes in the steady-state levels of specific microRNAs in the cerebellum of SCA3/MJD84.2 mice, a previously uncharacterized molecular phenotype of SCA3 that appears to be dependent on mutant Ataxin-3 expression. Our findings support the preclinical development of molecular therapies aimed at halting the expression of ATXN3 as a viable approach to SCA3 and point to microRNA deregulation as a potential surrogate marker of SCA3 pathogenesis. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the deubiquitinating enzyme, Ataxin-3. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this fatal disorder but studies support the hypothesis that reducing mutant Ataxin-3 protein levels might reverse or halt the progression of disease in SCA3. Here, we sought to modulate ATXN3 expression in vivo using RNA interference. We developed artificial microRNA mimics targeting the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of human ATXN3 and then used recombinant adeno-associated virus to deliver them to the cerebellum of transgenic mice expressing the full human disease gene (SCA3/MJD84.2 mice). Anti-ATXN3 microRNA mimics effectively suppressed human ATXN3 expression in SCA3/MJD84.2 mice. Short-term treatment cleared the abnormal nuclear accumulation of mutant Ataxin-3 throughout the transduced SCA3/MJD84.2 cerebellum. Analysis also revealed changes in the steady-state levels of specific microRNAs in the cerebellum of SCA3/MJD84.2 mice, a previously uncharacterized molecular phenotype of SCA3 that appears to be dependent on mutant Ataxin-3 expression. Our findings support the preclinical development of molecular therapies aimed at halting the expression of ATXN3 as a viable approach to SCA3 and point to microRNA deregulation as a potential surrogate marker of SCA3 pathogenesis.