tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P450 2E1 contributes to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice
Authors: Yongke Lu, Jian Zhuge, Xiaodong Wang, Jingxiang Bai, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is suggested to play a role in alcoholic liver disease, which includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated whether CYP2E1 plays a role in experimental alcoholic fatty liver in an oral ethanol-feeding model. After 4 weeks of ethanol feeding, macrovesicular fat accumulation and accumulation of triglyceride in liver were observed in wild-type mice but not in CYP2E1-knockout mice. In contrast, free fatty acids (FFAs) were increased in CYP2E1-knockout mice but not in wild-type mice. CYP2E1 was induced by ethanol in wild-type mice, and oxidative stress induced by ethanol was higher in wild-type mice than in CYP2E1-knockout mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a regulator of fatty acid oxidation, was up-regulated in CYP2E1-knockout mice fed ethanol but not in wild-type mice. A PPARα target gene, acyl CoA oxidase, was decreased by ethanol in wild-type but not in CYP2E1-knockout mice. Chlormethiazole, an inhibitor of CYP2E1, lowered macrovesicular fat accumulation, inhibited oxidative stress, and up-regulated PPARα protein level in wild-type mice fed ethanol. The introduction of CYP2E1 to CYP2E1-knockout mice via an adenovirus restored macrovesicular fat accumulation. These results indicate that CYP2E1 contributes to experimental alcoholic fatty liver in this model and suggest that CYP2E1-derived oxidative stress may inhibit oxidation of fatty acids by preventing up-regulation of PPARα by ethanol, resulting in fatty liver.
Exome sequencing identifies distinct mutational patterns in liver fluke–related and non-infection-related bile duct cancers
Authors: Waraporn Chan-on, Maarja-Liisa Nairismägi, Choon Kiat Ong, Weng Khong Lim, Simona Dima, Chawalit Pairojkul, Kiat Hon Lim, John R McPherson, Ioana Cutcutache, Hong Lee Heng, London Ooi, Alexander Chung, Pierce Chow, Peng Chung Cheow, Ser Yee Lee, Su Pin Choo, Iain Bee Huat Tan, Dan Duda, Anca Nastase, Swe Swe Myint, Bernice Huimin Wong, Anna Gan, Vikneswari Rajasegaran, Cedric Chuan Young Ng, Sanjanaa Nagarajan, Apinya Jusakul, Shenli Zhang, Priya Vohra, Willie Yu, DaChuan Huang, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Puangrat Yongvanit, Sopit Wongkham, Narong Khuntikeo, Vajaraphongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Irinel Popescu, Steven G Rozen, Patrick Tan, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Some Experts Suggest the Nation's 'War on Drugs' Is Helping Tuberculosis Stage a Deadly Comeback
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

EPIDEMICS of diseases have always followed in the footsteps of war. Tuberculosis (TB)—which many experts thought would soon be eliminated in the United States—is making a frightening comeback (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:174-175). Some authorities are blaming this nation's "war on drugs" for helping the ancient killer once again to become a major public health threat. "The surge in incarceration rates and increased sentences due to increasingly strict drug laws has resulted in great overcrowding of jails and prisons with inmates who are infected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]," says John Raba, MD, director of ambulatory services at Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Ill, and former director of Cermak Health Services, which provides health care at the county jail. "By cramming more people who are immunocompromised into tremendously overcrowded facilities that were not built to provide the ventilation needed for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases, we have set the table for
Progression of fibrosis in advanced chronic hepatitis C: Evaluation by morphometric image analysis
Authors: Zachary D. Goodman, Robert L. Becker, Paul J. Pockros, Nezam H. Afdhal
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease has usually been evaluated by liver biopsy using insensitive semiquantitative numerical scores. An alternative to this is to measure fibrous tissue quantitatively using morphometric image analysis. The aim of this study was to quantify fibrosis progression in a cohort of patients with treatment-refractory chronic hepatitis C enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of interferon gamma-1b (IFN-γ 1b) for the treatment of advanced hepatic fibrosis. We used morphometry to quantify the amount of fibrous tissue in liver biopsies performed at baseline and after 48 weeks in 245 patients who had paired unfragmented, adequate-sized specimens and correlated the results with clinical and laboratory parameters. Eighty-seven patients were treated with placebo and 158 with IFN-γ 1b. No effect of the drug on fibrosis was found in the trial, and so data from all 245 patients were combined for analysis. At baseline, 78% had cirrhosis; 22%, bridging fibrosis. The mean morphometrically determined collagen content increased by 58% between baseline and 48 weeks. There were statistically significant but weak correlations of fibrosis with platelet count, albumin, bilirubin, INR, and hyaluronic acid; however, changes in these did not correlate with or predict changes in fibrosis in the liver biopsy. Conclusion: In advanced chronic hepatitis C, fibrosis increases at a rapid pace that can only be detected by morphometry. This technique can be used in future therapeutic trials of agents to inhibit fibrosis progression. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:886–894.)
Report of Twenty-Four Years' Vaccination in the Mold District of the Holywell Union
Authors: E. T. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1867)

BRITITH MEDICAL JO URYAL.533 even to delay it, and thus save the perineum.This! is a use of the forceps which I think has not been sufficiently dwelt upon, and which can only be satis.factorily accomplished by the long curved forceps.I repudiate the dogma, that force is never to be used in artificial delivery; in employing it judiciously we imitate nature herself, and it is only when abused that it becomes dangerous.I have over and over again verified in practice that, with proper precaution, and with appropriate manipulation, delivery may be
Antibiotic Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Marin H. Kollef, Victoria J. Fraser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as an important determinant of outcome for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This is largely due to the administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment, which is most often related to bacterial antibiotic resistance. In addition, the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance has substantially increased overall health care costs. This increase is a result of prolonged hospitalizations and convalescence associated with antibiotic treatment failures, the need to develop new antimicrobial agents, and the implementation of broader infection control and public health interventions aimed at curbing the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Intensive care units are unique because they house seriously ill patients in confined environments where antibiotic use is extremely common. They have been focal points for the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Effective strategies for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in ICUs have focused on limiting the unnecessary use of antibiotics and increasing compliance with infection control practices. Clinicians caring for critically ill patients should consider antimicrobial resistance as part of their routine treatment plans. Careful, focused attention to this problem at the local ICU level, using a multidisciplinary approach, will have the greatest likelihood of limiting the development and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant infections.
Hypoglycaemic attacks treated by ambulance personnel with extended training.
Authors: C Weston, M Stephens
Journal: BMJ (1990)

We describe here a patient with a 20 year history of severe intractable psoriasis which cleared completely after a bone marrow transplant.The case suggests a role for marrow derived T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Case reportA 36 year old white man had a 20 year history of severe intractable psoriasis that required numerous admissions to hospital for inpatient treatment.He had long periods of erythrodermic psoriasis and underwent many forms of treatment, including psoralens and ultraviolet A, methotrexate, razoxane, and etretinate, in an attempt to control his psoriasis.In November 1984 he developed acute myelomonocytic leukaemia; remission was speedily induced using combined chemotherapy with cytarabine, daunorubicin, and thioguanine.His leukaemia remitted, but he con- tinued to suffer severe psoriasis requiring treatment with methotrexate.In August 1985 he was conditioned for an allogenic bone marrow transplant with cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg twice and total body irradiation with 14 Gy given in seven fractions.He received a bone marrow transplant from his brother, who did not suffer from psoriasis.The bone marrow T cells in this transplant were depleted using monoclonal antibodies MBG6 and RFT8, and depletion was greater than 99%.Imme- diately after the bone marrow transplantation his psoriasis disappeared entirely, and he remained free of it despite cessation of cytotoxic and immuno- suppressive therapy.In October 1986 he suffered a relapse of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia.He received a further
Children and Youth in America: A Documentary History, 1866-1932
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

No recent book shows more admirably the close relationships between medicine, history, and sociology. Society is gradually taking over increased responsibility for the welfare of children in diverse areas, and the whole field of child welfare is becoming more and more intimately connected to medicine, in its broader sense. Health care in the narrow sense comprises a substantial part of the volume, with such topics as children's hospitals, visiting nurses, school health programs, infant mortality, mental hygiene, and birth control. Equally important are problems slightly more to the periphery, such as the illegitimate child, the supervision of foster homes, mothers' aids, juvenile delinquency, problems of child labor and education. Readers who are frightened away by the subtitle, "Documentary History," will miss a work that is both fascinating and significant. There is nothing dull about the "documents" in the present instance. Material is derived from newspapers, popular magazines, professional journals, biographies
‘Brooke of Manchester’
Authors: M. Bhushan, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article ‘Brooke of Manchester’ Get access M. Bhushan, M. Bhushan Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Dr M.Bhushan. E‐mail: mbhushan@fs1.ho.man.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E.M. Griffiths C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 1, 1 July 2000, Pages 26–29, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03585.x Published: 01 July 2000
Managing Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation and Cellular Uptake: a Precondition for Efficient Stem‐Cell Differentiation and MRI Tracking (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2013)
Authors: Delphine Fayol, Nathalie Luciani, Lenaic Lartigue, Florence Gazeau, Claire Wilhelm
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The influence of the state of magnetic nanoparticle aggregation and the amount of internalized iron on capacity for stem-cell differentiation is examined by Claire Wilhelm and co-workers on page 313. The image shows stem cells covered by rod-shaped aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, and observed by optical microscopy (background), electron microscopy (top left quadrant), and magnetophoresis (bottom). High cellular iron contents are found to have a deleterious effect on the differentiation pathway of cartilage formation. STEM
PARENTAL DEVIANCE AND THE GENESIS OF SOCIOPATHIC PERSONALITY
Authors: PATRICIA O'NEAL, LEE N. ROBINS, LUCY JANE KING, JEANETTE SCHAEFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. A 30-year follow-up study of 524 patients originally seen in a child guidance clinic yielded a high proportion ( 20%) of former patients who met criteria for a diagnosis of sociopathic personality as adults, as compared with a control group ( 2%). The 84 male patients with this diagnosis are compared, with respect to their parents' behavior problems, to male patients with other psychiatric diseases ( 166) and to male patients diagnosed as having no disease (75). 2. Most patients who met the criteria for a diagnosis of sociopathic personality at any time during their adult lives still showed marked antisocial behavior up to time of follow-up ( ages 31-54). For those in whom there was a marked diminution of symptoms, this most often occurred between the ages of 30-35. There was no age, however, beyond which one did not improve. 3. Various forms of parental behavior that could be considered rejection were investigated. No form of rejection specifically directed at the child was found to be associated with the development of sociopathic personality, if the child's provocative behavior is taken into account. Desertion, failure to supervise, and non-support were found to be positively associated with the disease. Father's coldness was found to be negatively associated. 4. Parents with a history of divorce were more likely to have sociopathic children than parents without divorce. 5. A picture of generalized antisocial behavior in the father, suggesting a diagnosis of sociopathic personality or alcoholism, was found to be related to sociopathic personality in the child. Whether or not children had actually lived with such fathers did not significantly affect their eventual rate of sociopathic personality.
Atypical Bilateral Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft Diagnosed by Bone Scintigraphy in a Woman With Osteoporosis
Authors: Nikolaos Papandrianos, Sotiria Alexiou, Xanthi Xouria, Dimitris J. Apostolopoulos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Recent case series have identified the presence of atypical insufficiency fractures at the diaphyseal femur of osteoporotic patients, which are possibly related to the long-term use of biphosphonates. We present images of a 72-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer and osteoporosis referred for bone scintigraphy because of bilateral thigh pain. No trauma or intense exercise was reported. Bone scan revealed bilateral femoral shaft stress fractures, which were confirmed by plain radiographs. In oncologic patients with osteoporosis referred for bone scintigraphy, atypical stress fractures should be included in the differential diagnosis of focal findings in the diaphyseal femur.
A functional variant of the myeloperoxidase gene is associated with cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Peter Stenvinkel, Alicia Marchlewska, Olof Heimburger, Peter Bárány, Catherine M. Hoff, Clifford J. Holmes, Mohamed Suliman, Bengt Lindholm, Martin Schalling, Louise Nordfors
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy Does Not Improve Outcome of Patients Age 60 Years and Older With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720
Authors: Maria R. Baer, Stephen L. George, Michael A. Caligiuri, Ben L. Sanford, Sandra M. Bothun, Krzysztof Mrózek, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Bayard L. Powell, Joseph O. Moore, Richard M. Stone, John Anastasi, Clara D. Bloomfield, Richard A. Larson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9720 evaluated subcutaneous low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) maintenance immunotherapy as a strategy for prolonging remission in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).AML patients age 60 years and older in first complete remission after induction and consolidation chemotherapy were randomly assigned to no further therapy or a 90-day regimen of 14-day cycles of low-dose rIL-2, aimed at expanding natural killer (NK) cells, followed by 3-day higher doses aimed at activating cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells to lyse residual AML cells. All randomly assigned patients were included in an intention-to-treat analysis.A total of 163 (64%) of 254 patients who completed induction and consolidation chemotherapy on CALGB 9720 were randomly assigned to rIL-2 (n = 81) or no further therapy (n = 82); the most common reasons for lack of random assignment were patient refusal and relapse. Fifteen patients randomly assigned to rIL-2 never initiated it because of refusal, intercurrent medical problems, or relapse, and 24 patients initiated rIL-2 but stopped early because of toxicity or relapse. Grade 4 toxicities during rIL-2 therapy included thrombocytopenia (65%) and neutropenia (64%), and grade 3 toxicities included anemia (33%), infection (24%) and malaise/fatigue (14%). Forty-two patients (52%) randomly assigned to rIL-2 completed the full 90-day course. Patients in both arms had similar distributions of both disease-free (combined median = 6.1 months; P = .47) and overall survival (combined median = 14.7 months; P = .61) after random assignment. Moreover, the 42 patients who completed all planned therapy did not show prolongation of disease-free or overall survival.Low-dose rIL-2 maintenance immunotherapy is not a successful strategy in older AML patients.
Increased Lung Water and Ascites after Massive Cocaine Overdosage in Mice and Improved Survival Related to Beta-Adrenergic Blockage
Authors: Eugene D. Robin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the effect of massive cocaine intoxication on lung water and ascites accumulation and the effect of beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade on survival in massive cocaine intoxication in the mouse. Design: The effect of massive cocaine intoxication on lung water, ascitic fluid accumulation, and survival following LD 100 doses of intravenous cocaine with and without alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade was determined. Interventions: Cocaine hydrochloride (0. 15 mg/g body weight) was administered intravenously with no other interventions; with propranolol hydrochloride intravenously (0.5 mg per mouse) before and after cocaine; and with phentolamine intravenously (10.5 µg per mouse) before cocaine. Measurements and Main Results: Intravenous cocaine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in lung water (saline controls, 4. 17 it 1.3 [standard deviation] mg water per mouse; cocaine hydrochloride, 5.94 + 0.9 mg water per g mouse; P < 0.002). Cocaine hydrochloride always resulted in the accumulation of transudative ascitic fluid (saline controls, no measurable ascitic fluid; cocaine administration, 20.2 ± 12.9 µg per mouse; ascitic fluid protein concentration, 23.5 ± 8.5 g/L). Propranolol hydrochloride administered before or after intravenous cocaine hydrochloride resulted in a striking reduction in mortality (84 of 84 mice without propranolol died [mortality = 100%]; 7 of 39 mice with propranolol died [mortality = 18%]; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Massive cocaine intoxication is associated with increased lung water and transudative ascites. Fluid accumulation is not prevented by either alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockers. Propranolol, administered either before or after cocaine, sharply reduces mortality. The results should be extrapolated to treatment in humans with caution.
Computer-Assisted Tomography
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The development of computer-assisted tomography (CT) by Godfrey N. Hounsfield, has provided physicians with a noninvasive radiologic technique that has already revolutionized the practice of neuroradiology and the sister disciplines of neurology and neurosurgery. The accompanying article by Penn et al (p 1154) describes the use of CT scanning to determine blood volume in the brain. An expansion of their work will, one hopes, provide important new information about a variety of neuropathological states. Brain neoplasms, infarctions, cerebral edema, abscesses, and hemorrhages can now be diagnosed and studied by serial CT scanning with little danger or inconvenience to the patient. Although this technique cannot define basilar brain tumors with the accuracy of pneumoencephalography or describe in minute detail the vascular abnormalities of aneurysms or small arteriovenous malformations (as accomplished by arteriography), its overall delineation of intracerebral pathologic characteristics has an accuracy that exceeds isotopic scanning and a wealth of detail
Relationship between anxiety, depression, and morbidity in adult asthma patients
Authors: L D Rimington, D H Davies, D Lowe, M G Pearson
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Symptoms of disease reported by patients reflect the effects of the disease process within the individual and the person9s physical and mental ability to tolerate or otherwise cope with the limitations on their functioning. This study examines the relationship between asthma symptoms, disease severity, and psychological status in patients being managed in routine primary healthcare settings. <h3>METHODS</h3> One hundred and fourteen subjects from four GP practices, two inner city and two suburban, were studied. Symptoms were assessed by means of the Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQLQ) and a locally devised Q score, and psychological status with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Spirometric values and details of current asthma treatment (BTS asthma guidelines treatment step) were recorded as markers of asthma severity. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Symptoms as measured by AQLQ correlated with peak expiratory flow (<i>r</i><sub>S</sub> = 0.40) and with BTS guidelines treatment step (<i>r</i><sub>S</sub> = 0.25). Similarly, the Q score correlated with peak expiratory flow (<i>r</i><sub>S</sub> = 0.44) and with BTS guidelines treatment step (<i>r</i><sub>S</sub> = 0.42). Similar levels of correlation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) with symptoms were reported. HAD anxiety and depression scores also correlated to a similar extent with these two symptom scores, but there was hardly any correlation with lung function. Logistic regression analysis showed that HAD scores help to explain symptom scores over and above the effects of lung function and BTS guidelines treatment step. Symptoms, depression, and anxiety were higher for inner city patients while little difference was observed in objective measures of asthma. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Asthma guidelines suggest that changing levels of symptoms should be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. These data suggest that reported symptoms may be misleading and unreliable because they may reflect non-asthma factors that cannot be expected to respond to changes in asthma treatment.