tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic surfactant treatment prevents atherosclerosis in the rabbit.
Authors: J B Rodgers, E C Kyriakides, B Kapuscinska, S K Peng, W J Bochenek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The hypocholesterolemic effect of the hydrophobic surfactant, poloxalene 2930, was studied in the rabbit to determine whether this agent prevents experimentally produced atherosclerosis. Male rabbits were divided into four groups and fed a control diet (group A) or an atherogenic diet (groups B, C, and D) for 10 wk. Diets of groups C and D were supplemented with 0.5 and 1% poloxalene 2930, respectively. Animals in group B developed significantly greater levels of cholesterol in the serum and aorta compared with group A. Addition of poloxalene 2930 to the diets of groups C and D prevented significant elevations in cholesterol concentrations of both serum and aorta compared with group B with values for group D being essentially similar to those observed in group A. Groups C and D also had significant increases of fecal excretion of both neutral fat and neutral steroids as compared with either groups A or B. There were no atherosclerotic lesions of the aortas from group D. Aortas from rabbits in group B had numerous atheromatous plaques while one rabbit each from groups A and C had several very small atheromatous lesions. These results demonstrate that poloxalene 2930 reduces the rise of serum cholesterol in rabbits in response to an atherogenic diet and prevents the development of atherosclerosis. This hypocholesterolemic effect is likely mediated by the effect of this surfactant on the small intestine.
Cardiovascular responses to graded treadmill exercise during the development of doxorubicin induced heart failure in rabbits
Authors: D Langton, B Jover, B P McGrath, J Ludbrook
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Cardiovascular responses to graded treadmill exercise during the development of doxorubicin induced heart failure in rabbits Get access D Langton, D Langton Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Prince Henry's Hospital, St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia Correspondence to: Dr McGrath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B Jover, B Jover Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Prince Henry's Hospital, St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B P McGrath, B P McGrath Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Prince Henry's Hospital, St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J Ludbrook J Ludbrook Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Prince Henry's Hospital, St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 12, December 1990, Pages 959–968, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.12.959 Published: 01 December 1990 Article history Received: 06 November 1989 Accepted: 18 June 1990 Published: 01 December 1990
Reelin Controls Neuronal Positioning by Promoting Cell-Matrix Adhesion via Inside-Out Activation of Integrin α5β1
Authors: Katsutoshi Sekine, Takeshi Kawauchi, Ken-ichiro Kubo, Takao Honda, Joachim Herz, Mitsuharu Hattori, Tatsuo Kinashi, Kazunori Nakajima
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Decreased basal cardiac interstitial norepinephrine release after neuronal uptake inhibition in dogs.
Authors: D Cousineau, C A Goresky, C P Rose
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The effect of neuronal uptake inhibition on basal interstitial release of norepinephrine in the canine heart was examined by use of the multiple tracer dilution-bulk balance technique. A kinetic model incorporating the effects of flow, capillary permeability-surface product for norepinephrine, the interstitial uptake rate constant for neurotransmitter, and plasma norepinephrine input and output values was used to estimate rates of uptake from and release of norepinephrine into the interstitial space. The intravenous injection of the neuronal uptake inhibitor desipramine in anesthetized dogs under basal conditions reduced interstitial uptake of tracer norepinephrine in the heart, without significant changes in plasma concentration of norepinephrine in aorta and coronary sinus. The lack of change in the arteriovenous balance for norepinephrine across the heart, in the face of the lowered uptake for this amine, suggested that the liberation of norepinephrine by cardiac sympathetic fibers was reduced. Analysis of the data with the norepinephrine tracer kinetic-bulk model showed that, after desipramine, the interstitial release of norepinephrine was reduced to the same extent as uptake was diminished. As a result, the concentration of norepinephrine in the extracellular space of the heart did not increase significantly. The findings indicate the presence of a presynaptic neuronal feedback inhibition of release, which serves to fine tune the myocardial interstitial concentration of norepinephrine in the basal state; with this, after desipramine, both norepinephrine uptake and release are correspondingly diminished.
Screening for IgE‐Mediated Allergy
Authors: T. G. Merrett, C. F. A. Pantin, A. H. Dimond, J. Merrett
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Sera from 425 patients were analysed with Phadebas RAST reagents against a panel of 19 allergens and the most commonly positive results were to grass pollen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cat epithelium. Of the 275 sera RAST‐positive to any allergen, 26l were positive by a RAST technique which used a mixture of the three most common U.K. allergens; the remainder were usually positive to a mould. We conclude that 1) when a positive result is obtained after screening by the mixed‐allergen RAST and a representative mould RAST, then other positive RAST results are possible, but that the extent of the investigation can be guided by a knowledge of the total serum IgE level and a computer‐based history analysis; 2) when the mixed‐allergen RAST and a representative mould RAST is negative, then a more specified RAST including all 19 allergens used in this investigation will be negative; 3) a positive mixed‐allergen RAST result is likely to be associated with a total serum IgE level over 40 U/ml and a positive symptom pattern score derived from the computer‐based history analysis.
Correction: The Latest Mania: Selling Bipolar Disorder
Authors: David Healy
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 2, issue 4: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030185

The correct title for Figure 2 should be “Author's Graph of p-Value Function Based on Data in [28].” The correct title for Figure S1 should be “Episheet Showing Author's Relative Risk Calculation, Based on Data in [28].”
Smoking during pregnancy and congenital limb deficiency
Authors: A E Czeizel, I Kodaj, W Lenz
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To examine genetic and environmental factors in the origin of isolated congenital limb deficiencies.Case-control study with questionnaire at a family interview of cases of isolated congenital limb deficiencies (six types), negative controls (matched for age, sex, and place of residence), and positive controls (cases of sentinel anomalies).The database of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry, 1975-84, complemented by three other sources of ascertainment (1,575,904 births).537 case-control pairs; 392 positive controls.Smoking during pregnancy, congenital limb deficiencies.The adjusted rate of smoking during pregnancy was significantly higher in the mothers of cases of terminal transverse defect (relative odds 1.48; 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 2.23; P = 0.017). This finding supports the hypothesis of vascular disruption as a cause of congenital limb deficiency.Maternal smoking during pregnancy raises the relative odds for terminal transverse limb deficiencies.
Distribution and Supervision of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: E. C. G. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Meningococcal Infection SIR,-We are concerned about the recent upsurge in meningococcal infection in the London area and have been impressed by the severity of the disease and its fulninant course.We would like to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in reducing mortality, which still remains unacceptably high.Indications for chemoprophylaxis are de- bata'ble, but when this course of action has been decided upon the choice of drugs rests between a sulphonamide, minocycline, or rifampicin.We suggest that rifampicin should not be used because of the rapid development of drug resistance in vitro.Of the remaining alternatives sulphonamide, which has ibeen well tried and has given good results, is preferable unless local strains are known to be resistant.The overall incidence of sulphonamide-resistant meningococci in the United Kingdom appears to be 10-15%, but our experience in London suggests that such resistance is un- usual.Minocycline has been shown to be of value in prophylaxis, especially when there is a high proportion of sulphonamideresistant strains, but experience with this antibiotic is limited and further critical assessment is necessary.Penicillin, which is essential in treatment, is not effective in prophylaxis.-Weare, etc.,
Microcirculatory dysfunction following perfusion with hyperkalemic, hypothermic, cardioplegic solutions and blood reperfusion. Effects of adenosine.
Authors: M W Keller, L Geddes, W Spotnitz, S Kaul, B R Duling
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Cardioplegic solutions have been used to enhance myocardial preservation during cardiac surgery. The benefits derived from preventing myocardial ischemia with cardioplegic solutions may, however, be countered by tissue damage that occurs when the myocardium is reperfused with oxygenated blood. Furthermore, cardioplegia-induced endothelial dysfunction may contribute to depressed myocardial function postoperatively. The endothelium of coronary arteries and vein grafts is damaged by crystalloid cardioplegic solutions. There is less known about the effects of cardioplegic solutions on the microvasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS The hypothesis that microvascular damage occurs following perfusion with hyperkalemic, crystalloid, cardioplegic solutions and blood reperfusion, leading to decreased blood flow and increased neutrophil accumulation, was tested in a model system. Intravital microscopic observations were performed during a 20-minute perfusion of the hamster cremaster muscle with cardioplegic solutions (10 degrees C) via the femoral artery with the iliac occluded and during a subsequent 2-hour blood reperfusion period (iliac open). Arteriolar vasoconstriction (27% decrease in diameter, p less than 0.05) and a 25% decrease in the density of perfused capillaries (p less than 0.05) occurred during reperfusion in hamsters receiving crystalloid cardioplegic solution (16 meq K+) compared to control hamsters (no cardioplegic solution given). Neutrophils accumulated on venular endothelium in treated animals (250% increase, p less than 0.05) and extravascularly (myeloperoxidase levels 2.0 +/- 0.4 U/g versus 1.3 +/- 0.3 U/g in control, p less than 0.05). The addition of adenosine (10(-4) M) and albumin (2 g%) to the cardioplegic perfusate, accompanied by the administration of adenosine (10(-4) M) during reperfusion, produced arteriolar vasodilation (34% diameter increase, p less than 0.05) and inhibited extravascular neutrophil accumulation (myeloperoxidase level of 1.5 +/- 0.2 U/g, p greater than 0.05 versus control). Capillary perfusion, however, was still significantly diminished (28% decrease, p less than 0.05.) CONCLUSIONS We conclude that injury manifest by decreased microvascular blood flow and increased neutrophil accumulation in tissues occurs after perfusion with hypothermic, hyperkalemic, crystalloid cardioplegic solutions and blood reperfusion. Adenosine seems to partially attenuate this injury by dilating arterioles and decreasing extravascular neutrophil accumulation.
Contribution of Ventilation and Perfusion Lung Imaging to the Management of Patients With Bronchiectasis
Authors: MOH??D K. H. MOHAMADIYEH, MR M ASHOUR, MAHMOUD EL-DESOUKI, SULAIMAN A. AL-MAJED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Sixty patients were studied with ventilation-perfusion (V-P) lung scans for suspected bronchlectasis. Bronchography showed bronchlectatic changes in 51 patients. Lobar and segmental matched defects were seen on V-P scans in 53 patients, of which only 46 were true positives (sensitivity 90%). V-P lung scans showed the site and extent of bronchlectatic lesions; 48 (72.7%) in the left lung and 18 (27.3%) in the right lung. Detection of associated chronic obstructive airway disease by V-P scans in 17 patients had prognostic value in postsurgery recovery time and improvement of symptoms. This may be a potential new application to the routine use of V-P lung scan in the presurgery work-up of patients with bronchlectasis. Our results showed that bronchography should not be performed on patients with preserved lung perfusion.
Sublingual Capnometry for Diagnosis and Quantitation of Circulatory Shock
Authors: YOSHIHIDE NAKAGAWA, MAX HARRY WEIL, WANCHUN TANG, SHIJIE SUN, HITOSHI YAMAGUCHI, XIAOHUA JIN, JOE BISERA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We investigated sublingual tissue Pco 2 during hemorrhagic and septic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 10 rats. Sublingual Pco 2 increased from 45 to 125 mm Hg and arterial pressure declined from 138 to 49 mm Hg, end-tidal Pco 2 decreased from 35 to 13 mm Hg, and cardiac index fell from 290 to 77 ml/min/kg. Arterial blood lactate increased from 0.9 to 15.8 mmol/L. Gastric Pco 2 was measured in five animals and it increased from 46 to 87 mm Hg. No significant changes were observed in eight “sham” bled animals including the five animals in which gastric Pco 2 was measured. Highly significant linear correlations (p < 0.001) between sublingual Pco 2 and gastric Pco 2 (r = 0.71), cardiac index (r = − 0.74), and arterial lactate (r = 0.59) were documented. We subsequently investigated sublingual Pco 2 in five animals in which sepsis was induced by intravenous infusion of live Staphylococcus aureus. Like hemorrhagic shock, highly significant linear correlations were observed between end-tidal Pco 2 and cardiac index and between sublingual Pco 2 and arterial blood lactate. Sublingual Pco 2 promises to serve as a technically simple, noninvasive, and rapid response quantitator of severity of circulatory shock states.
ACROMEGALY—WITH A CASE.
Authors: J. R. RATHMELL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Dr. Paul Marie of Paris, in 1886, gave to the medical world a classic description of certain rare pathologic conditions and appearances to which, though noted possibly for many years, he gave the name<i>Acromegaly</i>, thus adding to medical nomenclature a new word. This word is a combination of two Greek words, meaning enlarged extremity. But the term is elastic enough to cover more territory than just what its root words signify, so that in general,<i>acromegaly</i>may be defined as a symmetrical enlargement of the extremities and face. Reported cases studied to the present time apparently fix five facts, viz., that hereditary influences cut no figure in causation; that the disease usually appears between 12 and 30 years of age; preponderates in males; that theorists are at sea as to the causes, and that all treatment up to date is unavailing. To account for the simultaneous and abnormal growth
Colorectal Cancer Detection
Authors: David H. Greegor
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kurnick et al (1980;243:2056) reported that in 16 cases of colorectal cancer, six patients had negative results on guaiac-impregnated filter paper (Hemoccult) test for occult blood in stool specimens. The following was the author's conclusion: "stool testing for occult blood will not detect all colonic neoplasms." Every hospital-based series that I am familiar with has found some falsenegatives. However, the number of symptomatic patients in such a survey prohibits (as well it should) specifying the recommended highroughage (foods such as bran and peanuts) test diet. In my own series (employing the high-roughage diet), in 34 consecutive cases of colorectal cancer, only one had negative results on the Hemoccult slide test (an adenomatous polyp containing some malignant cells). My contentions are as follows: (1) Hemoccult slide testing is not indicated in symptomatic patients except to add corroborative evidence, (2) Hemoccult slide test screening is more than 90%
All-Optical Histology Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Authors: Philbert S. Tsai, Beth Friedman, Agustin I. Ifarraguerri, Beverly D. Thompson, Varda Lev-Ram, Chris B. Schaffer, Qing Xiong, Roger Y. Tsien, Jeffrey A. Squier, David Kleinfeld
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Angptl4 Protects against Severe Proinflammatory Effects of Saturated Fat by Inhibiting Fatty Acid Uptake into Mesenteric Lymph Node Macrophages
Authors: Laeticia Lichtenstein, Frits Mattijssen, Nicole J. de Wit, Anastasia Georgiadi, Guido J. Hooiveld, Roelof van der Meer, Yin He, Ling Qi, Anja Köster, Jouke T. Tamsma, Nguan Soon Tan, Michael Müller, Sander Kersten
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Carotenoid Analyses of Selected Raw and Cooked Foods Associated With a Lower Risk for Cancer
Authors: M. S. Micozzi, G. R. Beecher, P. R. Taylor, F. Khachik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We examined the carotenoid content of selected foods consistently found to be associated with a lower risk for various epithelial cancers in epidemiologic studies. Both raw and cooked samples of green, leafy vegetables and yellow or orange vegetables were quantitatively examined by high-performance liquid chromatography for individual carotenoid content. The results indicated that fresh, green, leafy vegetables were moderately high in beta carotene (0.5–14.6 mg/100 g) and very high in oxygenated carotenoids or xanthophylls, primarily lutein and its stereoisomers (2.3–63.0 g/100 g). The fresh, yellow or orange vegetables examined were very high in beta carotene (16.0–120.5 g/100 g) but had no detectable nonhydrocar-bon carotenoids. Cooking differentially reduced the lutein content compared with the beta carotene content in green, leafy vegetables. These analyses suggest that consumption of carotenoids in addition to beta carotene may be associated with a lower risk for cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:282–285, 1990]
Obtaining useful information from expert based sources
Authors: D. C Slawson, A. F Shaughnessy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Clinicians rely heavily on expert based systems– consultation with colleagues, journal reviews and textbooks, and continuing education activities–to obtain new information. The usefulness of sources such as these depends on the relevance and validity of the information and the work it takes to obtain it. Useful information can be distinguished from the useless by asking three questions: Does the information focus on an outcome that my patients care about? Is the issue common to my practice, and is the intervention feasible? If the information is true, will it require me to change my practice? If the answer to all three questions is yes, then the information is a common POEM (patient oriented evidence that matters), capable of improving the lives of your patients and must be evaluated for validity. Conclusions based on results of well designed clinical trials are more likely to be valid than those drawn from observations based on experience in clinical practice. Both members of the team, clinicians and experts, must take responsibility for their respective roles.
Focus: Sydney: Tobacco becomes a political banana skin
Authors: S Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Five days before the World Health Organisation's 1994 world “no tobacco” day, on 26 May, Mrs Bronwyn Bishop was appointed as the Australian Liberal/National party coalition's shadow minister for health. An hour later she made, with what one commentator called “exquisitely appalling timing,” her first public statement in her new role: “If a product is legal then it should be able to be advertised. It can be cigarettes today, it can be alcohol tomorrow, it can be Mars bars the day after and armchairs the day after that. The principle remains constant.” Hours later she dug herself into a deeper hole, adding, “I say to those people who believe [tobacco] is a dreadful product to make your case. They have not done so.”

Before the day was over she had been admonished by her party leader and rushed to qualify her remarks …
Active Lung Fibrosis up to 17 Years after Chemotherapy with Carmustine (BCNU) in Childhood
Authors: B. Ronan O'Driscoll, Philip S. Hasleton, Paul M. Taylor, Leonard W. Poulter, H. Rao Gattamaneni, Ashley A. Woodcock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Carmustine (BCNU) is an anticancer drug known to produce pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect within three years of treatment. It is not known whether pulmonary fibrosis can appear later.
Use of M/2 Sodium Lactate in Multiple Adams--Stokes Attacks
Authors: H. K. Swash, A. G. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1956)

same difficulty confronts us in the diagnosis of other clinical conditions with almost identical symptoms.For instance, Cushing's syndrome associated either with pituitary basophilism or with adrenocortical hyperplasia and carcinoma; isosexual precocity in children, due either to hypothalamic tumour (among other causes) or to carcinoma, usually of a solitary adrenal gland.The ketosteroid test has proved a great boon in differen- tiating the adrenal lesion in these allied conditions.It is remarkable that these children, essentially female, should tend to exhibit external genitalia of a degree more advanced than their sisters with adrenal virilism, and only their future development will show whether it is only a local manifesta- tion or is part of a more general somatic change.They add further fooUd for thought in this obscure, unnatural, and distressing epicene problem.These three girls appear to be the juvenile form of a female pseudohermaphrodite brought up as a boy and described by Armstrcong in the Britislh Medical Joiurnial of May 14, 1955, page 1175.
Clinical significance of elevated plasma endothelin concentration in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Masakatsu Uchihara, Namiki Izumi, Chifumi Sato, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Endothelin is a newly discovered potent vasoconstrictor peptide. To explain the clinical significance of endothelin in patients with chronic liver diseases, we measured the plasma concentration of endothelin in patients with chronic hepatitis (n = 15), cirrhosis with ascites (n = 8) and cirrhosis without ascites (n = 12), and we compared the findings with the plasma concentration of endothelin in normal controls (n = 14). The plasma endothelin concentration was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis with ascites than in normal controls (8.3 ± 2.3 pg/ml vs. 3.3 ± 1.4 pg/ml, mean ± S.D., p &lt; 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed between normal controls and the other groups of patients (cirrhosis without ascites = 5.0 ± 1.3 pg/ml; chronic hepatitis = 3.8 ± 1.2 pg/ml). In patients with cirrhosis, the plasma endothelin concentration showed a significant negative correlation with creatinine clearance (r = -0.73, p &lt; 0.01), but no significant correlation was observed between plasma endothelin concentration and fractional excretion of filtered sodium. Furthermore, plasma endothelin levels were significantly higher in patients with endotoxemia than in those without (10.1 ± 2.1 pg/ml vs. 4.9 ± 1.2 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001). From these results, elevated plasma endothelin, which has a close relation to endotoxemia, may play a contributory role in kidney dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1992;16:95-99.)