tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tobacco company considered funding a film to promote smoking in eastern Europe
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Previously secret documents show that British American Tobacco (BAT) considered investing in a £2.25m (€3.3m; $4.2m) action film, with a heroine who smoked, for distribution in eastern Europe, according to a new report ( European Journal of Public Health 2006 Apr 5, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl041).

In return for providing money to make the film, the company would have cigarette marketing opportunities in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, says a letter from the film's producer cited in the report. British American Tobacco would have had the right to position its chosen brand in the film.

The report cites examples of other interest in using films to promote tobacco smoking in several eastern European countries, after …
Balloon Atrial Septostomy Is Associated With Preoperative Stroke in Neonates With Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Patrick S. McQuillen, Shannon E.G. Hamrick, Marta J. Perez, A. James Barkovich, David V. Glidden, Tom R. Karl, David Teitel, Steven P. Miller
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Preoperative brain injury is common in neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The objective of this study is to determine risk factors for preoperative brain injury in neonates with TGA.Twenty-nine term neonates with TGA were studied with MRI before cardiac surgery in a prospective cohort study. Twelve patients (41%) had brain injury on preoperative MRI, and all injuries were focal or multifocal. None of the patients had birth asphyxia. Nineteen patients (66%) required preoperative balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). All patients with brain injury had BAS (12 of 19; risk difference, 63%; 95% confidence interval, 41 to 85; P=0.001). As expected on the basis of the need for BAS, these neonates had lower systemic arterial hemoglobin saturation (Sao2) (P=0.05). The risk of injury was not modified by the cannulation site for septostomy (umbilical versus femoral, P=0.8) or by the presence of a central venous catheter (P=0.4).BAS is a major identifiable risk factor for preoperative focal brain injury in neonates with TGA. Imaging characteristics of identified brain injuries were consistent with embolism; however, the mechanism is more complex than site of vascular access for BAS or exposure to central venous catheters. These findings have implications for the indications for BAS, timing of surgical repair, and use of anticoagulation in TGA.
Spitz naevus showing clinical features of both granuloma pyogenicum and pigmented naevus.
Authors: H-S. Jang, J-H. Cha, C-K. Oh, K-S. Kwon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Spitz naevus is a benign melanocytic lesion that shares many histological features with malignant melanoma.1 It is most common on the lower extremities and the face of children, and presents at birth only rarely. Spitz naevi most commonly appear as solitary, pinkish, asymptomatic, dome‐shaped, round to oval, firm nodules, most of which are light‐coloured and soft, and may be clinically diagnosed as granuloma pyogenicum, haemangioma or dermal naevus.2 However, pigmented Spitz naevus, or the dark‐coloured type, may be tan, brown, or even black, and thus should be differentiated from malignant melanoma and pigmented naevus.2 A 16‐month‐old Korean boy presented with a 4‐month history of a 0·5 × 0·5 × 0·5 cm pinkish‐coloured eroded dome‐shaped nodule arising on a 1·2 × 0·5 cm congenital verrucous, blackish plaque on the left side of the chest (Fig. 1a). Excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopy of the pinkish nodule showed many clusters of atypical melanocytes and increased numbers of vessels in the oedematous dermis. The lesional cells were smaller in size with increasing depth. In the centre of the verrucous, blackish plaque, there was symmetrical, well circumscribed, infiltration of atypical melanocytes in the upper dermis. There were also collections of melanophages and infiltration of lymphohistiocytes in the dermis. In the periphery of the verrucous plaque, there were nests of atypical melanocytes with some mitotic activity within the epidermis and in the dermis, with moderate melanin pigmentation. The nests were composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells. Clefts were observed between nests of melanocytes and keratinocytes (Fig. 1b). On immunohistochemical staining, the nest cells in the verrucous plaque were positive for HMB‐45, but those in the dome‐shaped nodule were negative. They were all positive for S‐100 protein. A diagnosis of Spitz naevus was made, and the patient has been followed up for 6 months after excision without any evidence of recurrence.
Adamantane Resistance in Influenza A
Authors: David M. Weinstock, Gianna Zuccotti
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
969 INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M.L. González-Diéguez, A. Mancebo Mata, V. Cadahía, M. Varela, C. Álvarez-Navascués, L. Rodrigo, M. Rodríguez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Adrenarche and skeletal maturation during luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue suppression of gonadarche.
Authors: M E Wierman, D E Beardsworth, J D Crawford, J F Crigler, M J Mansfield, H H Bode, P A Boepple, D C Kushner, W F Crowley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

During puberty the effects of adrenal androgens upon skeletal maturation are obscured by the influence of gonadal steroids. Suppression of gonadarche with an analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRHa) affords an opportunity to examine the onset and progression of adrenarche in the absence of pubertal levels of gonadal steroids in a controlled fashion and to explore the relationship between adrenal androgens and the rate of epiphyseal maturation. In 29 children with central precocious puberty, gonadarche was suppressed with LHRHa administration for 1-4 yr. During LHRHa exposure, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels, as an index of adrenal maturation, were constant or increased in an age-expected manner. The change in bone age for change in chronologic age decreased from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 0.49 +/- 0.05 (P = 0.00005), indicating that the LHRHa-induced return to a prepubertal gonadal steroid environment was associated with a slowing of skeletal maturation. DHAS levels were correlated with the rate of skeletal advancement before (r = 0.57, P = 0.001) and during 12 to 48 mo of exposure to LHRHa (r = 0.52, P = 0.003). A negative correlation of DHAS values with subsequent increases in predicted mature height was observed (r = -0.49, P = 0.007). Thus, in children with central precocious puberty, adrenarche progressed normally during LHRHa suppression of gonadarche. In children with the onset of progression of adrenarche during maintenance of a prepubertal gonadal steroid milieu, there was less evidence than in preadrenarchal children of a restraint upon skeletal maturation. These data suggest that adrenal androgens contribute importantly to epiphyseal advancement during childhood.
The effect of DMSA-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles on transendothelial migration of monocytes in the murine lung via a β2 integrin-dependent pathway
Authors: Caroline R.A. Valois, Juliana M. Braz, Eloiza S. Nunes, Marco A.R. Vinolo, Emilia C.D. Lima, Rui Curi, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Ricardo B. Azevedo
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
The role of KIR genes and their cognate HLA class I ligands in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Adam J. de Smith, Kyle M. Walsh, Martha B. Ladner, Siming Zhang, Carmen Xiao, Franziska Cohen, Theodore B. Moore, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Catherine Metayer, Patricia A. Buffler, Elizabeth A. Trachtenberg, Joseph L. Wiemels
Journal: Blood (2014)
Effects of ventricular pacing-induced tachycardia on aortic mechanics in man
Authors: C Stefanadis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Effects of pacing-induced tachycardia on left ventricular function have been studied extensively. However, little attention has been focused on aortic elastic properties during heart rate increments. The aim was to determine the effects of right ventricular pacing on the aortic elastic properties. Methods: We studied 14 normal subjects (baseline blood pressure, 129/84±10/6 mmHg; aortic diameter, 23.5/21.3±2.4/1.9 mm) at rest, during rapid right ventricular pacing (at five stepwise heart rate increases of 20 bpm every 2 min) and after 5 min recovery. Shifts as well as changes in the slope and the stiffness constant of the pressure diameter (p–d) relation, derived from simultaneous tip-micromanometer aortic pressure recordings and high-fidelity ultrasonic intravascular aortic diameter recordings, were used as indices of aortic stiffness. Wave reflection was also studied. Results: Aortic pulse pressure and strain significantly decreased after pacing-induced tachycardia (p<0.0001 and <0.05, respectively). During pacing, the slope of the linear p–d relation as well as the stiffness constant were decreased, followed by increases at recovery (p<0.0001). The augmentation index and the aortoventricular coupling ratio were significantly decreased (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Pacing-induced increases in pulse frequency may result in improved aortic distensibility and aortoventricular coupling.
Effect of vegetarianism on development of gall stones in women.
Authors: F Pixley, D Wilson, K McPherson, J Mann
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Real time ultrasonography was used to compare the prevalence of gall stones in two groups of women aged 40-69: 632 women recruited from general practice registers and 130 vegetarians. One hundred and fifty-six (25%) of the 632 women who ate meat and 15 (12%) of the 130 vegetarian women either had gall stones visible on ultrasonography or had previously undergone cholecystectomy (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of gall stones was found to increase with age and body mass index. The 2.5 fold increase in risk of developing gall stones in non-vegetarians compared with vegetarians was reduced to 1.9 when controlling for these two potentially confounding factors, but remained significant. A family history of gall stones was reported more often by women with gall stones, but no association was found with parity or use of exogenous oestrogens. Thus the importance of age and obesity to determine the prevalence of gall stone was confirmed, and a dietary factor associated with vegetarianism may prevent this common condition.
Diversifying Selection and Concerted Evolution of a Type IV Secretion System in Bartonella
Authors: B. Nystedt, A. C. Frank, M. Thollesson, S. G. E. Andersson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

We have studied the evolution of a type IV secretion system (T4SS), in Bartonella, which is thought to have changed function from conjugation to erythrocyte adherence following a recent horizontal gene transfer event. The system, called Trw, is unique among T4SSs in that genes encoding both exo- and intracellular components are located within the same duplicated fragment. This provides an opportunity to study the influence of selection on proteins involved in host-pathogen interactions. We sequenced the trw locus from several strains of Bartonella henselae and investigated its evolutionary history by comparisons to other Bartonella species. Several instances of recombination and gene conversion events where detected in the 2- to 5-fold duplicated gene fragments encompassing trwJIH, explaining the homogenization of the anchoring protein TrwI and the divergence of the minor pilus protein TrwJ. A phylogenetic analysis of the 7- to 8-fold duplicated gene coding for the major pilus protein TrwL displayed 2 distinct clades, likely representing a subfunctionalization event. The analyses of the B. henselae strains also identified a recent horizontal transfer event of almost the complete trwL region. We suggest that the switch in function of the T4SS was mediated by the duplication of the genes encoding pilus components and their diversification by combinatorial sequence shuffling within and among genomes. We suggest that the pilus proteins have evolved by diversifying selection to match a divergent set of erythrocyte surface structures, consistent with the trench warfare coevolutionary model.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is high time, five years to a month after the first of this series of papers appeared in the Journal, to present a brief sketch of Boston's own doctor afield and laureate for a half century — the autocrat, professor and poet of the breakfast table. In bringing Dr. Holmes into this particular fold it is not necessary to defend his unique anatomical position and physiologic function in American letters; it is enough to reaffirm his enshrinement as one of the most affectionately remembered of the doctors who ever went afield in nonmedical meadows.Oliver Wendell Holmes's father, . . .
Acute Cardiovascular Effects of OPC-18790 in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Marc D. Feldman, Peter H. Pak, Clarence C. Wu, Howard L. Haber, Christian M. Heesch, James D. Bergin, Eric R. Powers, T. Douglas Cowart, William Johnson, Arthur M. Feldman, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background OPC-18790 is a water-soluble quinolinone derivative that shares the pharmacological properties of vesnarinone and that may be useful for treating heart failure. We studied the contribution and relative dose sensitivities of the inotropic, lusitropic, and vascular effects of OPC-18790 in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Pressure-volume (PV) analysis was performed in 17 patients who received either 5 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 (low dose, n=10) or 10 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 (high dose, n=7) OPC-18790 by 1-hour IV infusion. Right heart pressures and flow and left heart PV relations (conductance catheter) were measured at baseline and every 15 minutes during infusion. Transient inferior vena caval obstruction was used to determine PV relations. Both doses produced venodilation reflected by a 10% decline in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a 30% fall in atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. Arterial dilation was four times greater at the high dose, with an ≈40% fall in effective arterial elastance and systemic resistance. Contractility rose by 25% to 100% (depending on PV index) with both doses. Ventricular-arterial coupling (ratio of ventricular end-systolic to arterial elastances) was ≈0.25 at baseline and doubled (or tripled) at low (or high) dose, correlating with improved efficiency. Isovolumetric relaxation shortened, whereas the diastolic PV relation was generally unchanged. Heart rate was unaltered. Conclusions OPC-18790 has potent venous and arterial vasodilator effects and moderate inotropic and lusitropic effects without a change in heart rate. These combined actions suggest a unique potential of OPC-18790 for heart failure treatment.
Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate-1 and hepatitis Bx genes causes premalignant alterations in the liver
Authors: Lisa Longato, Suzanne de la Monte, Noriyoshi Kuzushita, Masayoshi Horimoto, Arlin B. Rogers, Betty L. Slagle, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Activation of the insulin (IN)/insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with persistent viral infection. The aims of this study were to provide a chronic proliferative stimulus through IRS-1 in the context of hepatitis Bx (HBx) protein expression in transgenic mice and determine if constitutive expression of these genes is sufficient to cause hepatocyte dysplasia and cellular transformation. We generated transgenic mice in which the HBx (ATX), IRS-1, or both (ATX+/IRS-1) genes were expressed under a liver-specific promoter. We also assessed histology and oxidative damage as well as up-regulation of molecules related to these signal transduction cascades in the liver by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Whereas mice with a single transgene (ATX or IRS-1) did not develop tumors, ATX+/IRS-1+ double transgenic livers had increased frequency of hepatocellular dysplasia and developed HCC. All three transgenic lines had significantly increased insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt 1 and Wnt 3 mRNA levels, and evidence of DNA damage and oxidative stress. The ATX+/IRS+ double transgenic mice were distinguished by having the highest level of activation of Wnt 3 and Frizzled 7 and selectively increased expression of IGF-II, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-β-hydroxylase, a gene associated with increased cell migration. Conclusion: These results suggest that continued expression of the ATX or IRS-1 transgenes can contribute to hepatocyte transformation but are not sufficient to trigger neoplastic changes in the liver. However, dual expression that activates both the IN/IRS-1/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin cascades is sufficient to cause dysplasia and HCC in a previously normal liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:1935-1943.)
Bone-marrow relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood.
Authors: M A Cornbleet, J M Chessells
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The outcome after bone-marrow relapse was assessed in 53 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Twenty-five out of 37 children (67%) whose first remission ended in relapse during treatment (group A) achieved a second remission, as did 15 out of 16 (94%) who relapsed after treatment had been stopped (group B). Nevertheless, the median duration of second remission was only 12 weeks in group A and 35 weeks in group B. The median survival from time of relapse was 32 weeks in group A and 75 weeks in group B. It is concluded that marrow relapse is equally serious whether it occurs during treatment or after treatment has been stopped, and that most children with ALL have a single chance of cure at the time of diagnosis.
Technology in the Operating Suite
Authors: Mark A. Talamini, Eric J. Hanly
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Growth Hormone Use in Normal, Short Children — A Plea for Reason
Authors: Sharon E. Oberfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In the United States, recombinant growth hormone is approved for use in children for three conditions: growth hormone deficiency, Turner's syndrome, and chronic renal insufficiency before transplantation. Because the supply of growth hormone is unlimited and treatment has few adverse effects, it is not surprising that there is interest in treating children with short stature who do not have classic growth hormone deficiency.But what is short stature? Is it a height that is more than 2 SD below the mean for age and sex (less than the 3rd percentile)? If so, should treatment with growth hormone in an otherwise . . .
Notes on a Case of Acute Pancreatitis Complicating Mumps
Authors: H. W. Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1900)

There is considerable difficulty in keeping this organism alive, but it can be done by transplanting it on Loeffler's serum every three or four days, and keeping it constantly at 370 C. Cultures on Loeffler's serum kept at 370 C. were alive after fourteen days, and grew on transplantation.
THE "RICKETTSIA"-BODIES
Authors: H. M. Woodcock
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In his article on the Rickettsias (The Journal, March 7, p. 723), Wolbach refers in certain terms to my work on these bodies and on cognate subjects. May I be allowed a few words in comment? First, as regards specific points, I would disclaim sponsorship for such words as "haematophyagy" and "haemaboboly." Secondly, I venture to say that there is nothing more "polemical" in my papers than, for instance, Wolbach's own remarks relating to the views of Breinl and of Weigl, on the last page of his article (p. 728). If a worker is not to be allowed to state candidly that he differs from the opinions held by others, giving, his reasons for so doing, then all scientific progress is stultified. To Wolbach's criticisms of my own work, a study extending over four years, I have no wish to reply; I prefer to leave the question
Protein elongation factor EEF1A2 is a putative oncogene in ovarian cancer
Authors: Nisha Anand, Sabita Murthy, Gudrun Amann, Meredith Wernick, Lisa A. Porter, I. Howard Cukier, Colin Collins, Joe W. Gray, Joachim Diebold, Doug J. Demetrick, Jonathan M. Lee
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)