tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statin Toxicity From Macrolide Antibiotic Coprescription
Authors: Amit M. Patel, Salimah Shariff, David G. Bailey, David N. Juurlink, Sonja Gandhi, Muhammad Mamdani, Tara Gomes, Jamie Fleet, Y. Joseph Hwang, Amit X. Garg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Clarithromycin and erythromycin, but not azithromycin, inhibit cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), and inhibition increases blood concentrations of statins that are metabolized by CYP3A4. Objective: To measure the frequency of statin toxicity after coprescription of a statin with clarithromycin or erythromycin. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2010. Patients: Continuous statin users older than 65 years who were prescribed clarithromycin (n = 72 591) or erythromycin (n = 3267) compared with those prescribed azithromycin (n = 68 478). Measurements: The primary outcome was hospitalization with rhabdomyolysis within 30 days of the antibiotic prescription. Results: Atorvastatin was the most commonly prescribed statin (73%) followed by simvastatin and lovastatin. Compared with azithromycin, coprescription of a statin with clarithromycin or erythromycin was associated with a higher risk for hospitalization with rhabdomyolysis (absolute risk increase, 0.02% [95% CI, 0.01% to 0.03%]; relative risk [RR], 2.17 [CI, 1.04 to 4.53]) or with acute kidney injury (absolute risk increase, 1.26% [CI, 0.58% to 1.95%]; RR, 1.78 [CI, 1.49 to 2.14]) and for all-cause mortality (absolute risk increase, 0.25% [CI, 0.17% to 0.33%]; RR, 1.56 [CI, 1.36 to 1.80]). Limitations: Only older adults were included in the study. The absolute risk increase for rhabdomyolysis may be underestimated because the codes used to identify it were insensitive. Conclusion: In older adults, coprescription of clarithromycin or erythromycin with a statin that is metabolized by CYP3A4 increases the risk for statin toxicity. Primary Funding Source: Academic Medical Organization of Southwestern Ontario.
Gallbladder Visualization With Radiocholesterol Simulating Bilateral Adrenal Uptake
Authors: LUIS DOMINGUEZ-GADEA, LUIS DIEZ, MARIA DOLORES RUEDA, ANGEL CRESPO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Adrenocortical scintigraphy performed with radiocholesterol is useful to characterize adrenal masses. The radiopharmaceuticals used for adrenocortical imaging are normally excreted through the biliary system. This enterohepatic excretion may, at times, influence imaging of the adrenal glands. The authors report a patient with a left adrenocortical adenoma and longer retention of radiotracer activity within the gallbladder simulating bilateral adrenal uptake. In the fasting state, the gallbladder dilatation and stasis may cause persistent gallbladder activity. It could lead to the wrong diagnosis of bilateral disease. Ther efore, it is important to obtain additional anterior and lateral images when gallbladder activity is suspected.
1056. Failure of an Insulator Element To Prevent Retroviral Insertional Activation of Oncogenes and Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Koyel Mitra, Jack Lenz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene therapy vectors that insert into the human genome are proving successful in treating human inherited disorders. However, studies to date, such as trials of murine gammaretrovirus (MLV) vectors in humans, have encountered the complication of insertional activation of host oncogenes by the retroviral vectors leading to tumorigenesis. One potential strategy to prevent this complication and improve the safety of gene therapy vectors is the use of insulator elements to prevent transcriptional enhancers in insertional vectors from activating the promoters of adjacent oncogenes. We have tested the ability of the chicken beta_globin HS4 insulator (cHS4) element to prevent insertional activation of oncogenes and T_cell lymphomagenesis by an MLV. MLVs have been extensively used for genome_based, high throughput molecular identification of oncogenes (http://rtcgd.ncifcrf.gov/). Enhancer activation of oncogenes, usually from distances>10 kbp, is by far the most frequent mechanism of tumorigenesis by these retroviruses. We inserted the cHS4 insulator into the LTR of a T_cell lymphomagenic, replication_competent MLV. The cHS4 element was stable within the viral genome for multiple rounds of viral replication in cultured cells and mice. Infection of mice induced a modest, though statistically significant, slowing of the appearance of lymphomas in infected mice. We then applied inverse PCR and genomic analysis to determine the insertion sites of MLVs in the genomes of the tumor cells. This analysis showed that inserted proviruses were able to activate flanking oncogenes (Myc, Rras2, Rasgrp1, Ccnd3, Kras, Runx1, Fos, Gfi1, Pim1) by an enhancer mechanism even when the cHS4 element was positioned between the viral enhancer and the promoter of the mouse oncogene. Moreover, the percentage of tumors with proviruses positioned in that orientation was the same with either the insulated or the wild type virus. Thus the cHS4 element did not prevent insertional activation of numerous oncogenes. These results mean that the use of insulators to block oncogene activation by insertional gene therapy vectors is not a simple issue. Instead, careful experimentation will be required to devise an effective approach.
Increased occurrence of IgE<sup>+</sup> and Fc<sub>ε</sub>RI<sup>+</sup> cells in adenoids from atopic children
Authors: G. Papatziamos, C. Hemlin, I Van Der Ploeg, A Patwardhan, A Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (1999)

To examine the influence of atopy on the different cell populations in adenoids, we investigated the presence of IgE+ cells, cells expressing the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc(epsilon)RI), and various other cell populations in adenoid tissue, in atopic and nonatopic children with otitis media with effusion (OME) or adenoid hyperplasia (AH).Cryostat sections of adenoids from 14 atopic and 16 nonatopic children suffering from long-lasting OME (n=15) or obstructive AH (n=15) were investigated with immunohistochemical markers for T-cell subsets, mast cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, CD25, CD1a, IgE, and Fc(epsilon)RI.Sensitization to allergens was correlated to an increase of IgE+ cells in the epithelium (P<0.01), the extrafollicular area (P<0.0001), and the follicles (P<0.001) of the adenoids and an increase of Fc(epsilon)RI+ cells in the extrafollicular area (P<0.01). A minority of the IgE+ cells were plasma cells. No significant differences in cells stained for IgE, Fc(epsilon)RI, or the other markers were observed between patients with OME and AH.Atopy is associated with increased numbers of IgE+ and Fc(epsilon)RI+ cells in adenoids irrespective of whether the child has OME or AH.
Transferrin receptors and the uptake and release of iron by isolated hepatocytes
Authors: Stephen P. Young, Philip Aisen
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Isolated rat hepatocytes accumulate iron from iron-transferrin by a process which is dependent on the temperature and on the transferrin concentration, and which is diminished by treatment of the cells with a proteolytic enzyme. These observations are consistent with a mechanism for iron uptake into hepatocytes involving the binding of iron-transferrin to a specific cell-surface receptor. Apotransferrin is also able to bind to the hepatocyte but the apparent binding constant is about 35 times lower than that observed for the binding of iron-transferrin. The binding of apotransferrin to the cells is completely abolished by a low concentration of iron-transferrin. This suggests that the apotransferrin is binding weakly to the same receptor to which iron-transferrin binds and that there are no receptors on the surface of the hepatocyte specific for apotransferrin. In the absence of such specific-binding sites, apotransferrin may act as a passive acceptor of iron released from the hepatocyte.
Champagne: the safer choice for celebrations
Authors: Robert J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To assess the effect of altitude on match results and physiological performance of a large and diverse population of professional athletes.Design Statistical analysis of international football (soccer) scores and results.Data resources FIFA extensive database of 1460 football matches in 10 countries spanning over 100 years.Results Altitude had a significant (P<0.001)negative impact on physiological performance as revealed through the overall underperformance of low altitude teams when playing against high altitude teams in South America.High altitude teams score more and concede fewer goals with increasing altitude difference.Each additional 1000 m of altitude difference increases the goal difference by about half of a goal.The probability of the home team winning for two teams from the same altitude is 0.537, whereas this rises to 0.825 for a home team with an altitude difference of 3695 m (such as Bolivia v Brazil) and falls to 0.213 when the altitude difference is -3695 m (such as Brazil v Bolivia).Conclusions Altitude provides a significant advantage for high altitude teams when playing international football games at both low and high altitudes.Lowland teams are unable to acclimatise to high altitude, reducing physiological performance.As physiological performance does not protect against the effect of altitude, better predictors of individual susceptibility to altitude illness would facilitate team selection.
Results of Anterior Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for Ulnar Neuritis
Authors: M. J. G. Harrison, S. Nurick
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A clinical and electrophysiological followup study was done on 23 patients with ulnar neuritis treated by surgical transposition of the nerve at the elbow. Pain was relieved in all those affected and other sensory symptoms showed some degree of improvement in most. Weakness tended to persist, but recovery of full use of the hand followed operation in 74%. Muscle wasting was the least likely to improve. The chance of recovery after operation was greatly reduced in patients in whom preoperative symptoms had been present for more than one year.
Setting Health Care Priorities in Oregon
Authors: David C. Hadorn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Oregon Health Services Commission recently completed work on its principal charge: creation of a prioritized list of health care services, ranging from the most important to the least important. Oregon's draft priority list was criticized because it seemed to favor minor treatments over lifesaving ones. This reaction reflects a fundamental and irreconcilable conflict between cost-effectiveness analysis and the powerful human proclivity to rescue endangered life: the "Rule of Rescue." Oregon's final priority list was generated without reference to costs and is, therefore, more intuitively sensible than the initial list. However, the utility of the final list is limited by its lack of specificity with regard to conditions and treatments. An alternative approach for setting health care priorities would circumvent the Rule of Rescue by carefully defining necessary indications for treatment. Such an approach might be applied to Oregon's final list in order to achieve better specificity.
Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial
Authors: Helen Elden, Lars Ladfors, Monika Fagevik Olsen, Hans-Christian Ostgaard, Henrik Hagberg
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To compare the efficacy of standard treatment, standard treatment plus acupuncture, and standard treatment plus stabilising exercises for pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy.Randomised single blind controlled trial. Settings East Hospital, Gothenburg, and 27 maternity care centres in Sweden.386 pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain.Treatment for six weeks with standard treatment (n = 130), standard treatment plus acupuncture (n = 125), or standard treatment plus stabilising exercises (n = 131).Primary outcome measure was pain (visual analogue scale); secondary outcome measure was assessment of severity of pelvic girdle pain by an independent examiner before and after treatment.After treatment the stabilising exercise group had less pain than the standard group in the morning (median difference = 9, 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.8; P = 0.0312) and in the evening (13, 2.7 to 17.5; P = 0.0245). The acupuncture group, in turn, had less pain in the evening than the stabilising exercise group (-14, -18.1 to -3.3; P = 0.0130). Furthermore, the acupuncture group had less pain than the standard treatment group in the morning (12, 5.9 to 17.3; P < 0.001) and in the evening (27, 13.3 to 29.5; P < 0.001). Attenuation of pelvic girdle pain as assessed by the independent examiner was greatest in the acupuncture group.Acupuncture and stabilising exercises constitute efficient complements to standard treatment for the management of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. Acupuncture was superior to stabilising exercises in this study.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism studies show consistent loss of chromosome 3p alleles in small cell lung cancer patients' tumors.
Authors: B E Johnson, A Y Sakaguchi, A F Gazdar, J D Minna, D Burch, A Marshall, S L Naylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Previous karyotypic analysis of human small cell lung cancer cell lines has demonstrated a consistent deletion of a portion of the short arm of chromosome 3(p14-23). DNA prepared from tumors and normal tissues obtained from 24 small cell lung cancer and two extrapulmonary small cell cancer patients was hybridized to four probes that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms within chromosome region 3p14-21. Of the 25 patients who were heterozygous for at least one marker in this region in the DNA from normal tissue, 23 (92%) showed an unequivocal loss of heterozygosity in the DNA from their tumor tissue. From these studies we conclude that loss of alleles from the short arm of chromosome 3 is a consistent finding in unselected small cell lung cancer patients' tumor DNA.
Association of Lower Plasma Fetuin-A Levels With Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Response to Eraso et al.
Authors: Norbert Stefan, Cornelia Weikert, Joachim H. Ix, Andreas Fritsche, Hans-Ulrich Häring
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

In the article by Eraso et al. (1), circulating fetuin-A was lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes and an ankle brachial index (ABI) <0.9 compared with individuals with higher ABI. Furthermore, in an unadjusted model circulating fetuin-A correlated positively with ABI. It was concluded that low circulating fetuin-A may serve as a biomarker of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

This conclusion is only weakly supported by the data. It is very important to know that in the study by Eraso et al. (1), subjects with any clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were excluded. Considering that …
ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Stephen L. Archer, David B. Badesch, Robyn J. Barst, Harrison W. Farber, Jonathan R. Lindner, Michael A. Mathier, Michael D. McGoon, Myung H. Park, Robert S. Rosenson, Lewis J. Rubin, Victor F. Tapson, John Varga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Treatment of Severe Coagulopathy in the Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome with Aminocaproic Acid and Cryoprecipitate
Authors: Raymond P. Warrell, Sanford J. Kempin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia associated with solitary or multiple hemangiomas.1 Coagulation studies in patients with this disease frequently reveal a profile similar to that of disseminated intravascular coagulation.2 , 3 The disorder is of particular clinical interest since complete eradication of the tumor by surgical excision or radiation eliminates the coagulopathy.4 , 5 Although the syndrome is primarily a disease of infancy, some patients survive for long periods, particularly if the coagulation defect is mild. In the absence of treatment, fatal hemorrhage can result.4 5 6 The syndrome is unique in that the coagulopathy is believed to be a manifestation of clotting and . . .
C. elegans RPM-1 Regulates Axon Termination and Synaptogenesis through the Rab GEF GLO-4 and the Rab GTPase GLO-1
Authors: Brock Grill, Willy V. Bienvenut, Heather M. Brown, Brian D. Ackley, Manfredo Quadroni, Yishi Jin
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Interactome Mapping: Using Protein Microarray Technology to Reconstruct Diverse Protein Networks
Authors: Ijeoma Uzoma, Heng Zhu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract A major focus of systems biology is to characterize interactions between cellular components, in order to develop an accurate picture of the intricate networks within biological systems. Over the past decade, protein microarrays have greatly contributed to advances in proteomics and are becoming an important platform for systems biology. Protein microarrays are highly flexible, ranging from large-scale proteome microarrays to smaller customizable microarrays, making the technology amenable for detection of a broad spectrum of biochemical properties of proteins. In this article, we will focus on the numerous studies that have utilized protein microarrays to reconstruct biological networks including protein–DNA interactions, posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs), lectin–glycan recognition, pathogen–host interactions and hierarchical signaling cascades. The diversity in applications allows for integration of interaction data from numerous molecular classes and cellular states, providing insight into the structure of complex biological systems. We will also discuss emerging applications and future directions of protein microarray technology in the global frontier.
Tyrosine-Phosphorylation-Dependent Translocation of the SLAT Protein to the Immunological Synapse Is Required for NFAT Transcription Factor Activation
Authors: Stéphane Bécart, Ann J. Canonigo Balancio, Céline Charvet, Sonia Feau, Caitlin E. Sedwick, Amnon Altman
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Abstract 3618: No Increase in the In Vitro Production of Aldosterone or the Expression of CYP11B2 with the CETP Modulator Dalcetrapib (RO4607381/JTT-705), in Contrast with Torcetrapib
Authors: Alessandro M Capponi, Roger G Clerc, Luciana Campos, Anne Perez, Jose M Rincon Garriz, Cyrille Maugeais, Eric J Niesor
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Contrary to dalcetrapib (RO4607381/JTT-705), torcetrapib (TOR), a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, has been shown to increase blood pressure in clinical and preclinical stu...
Socioeconomic differences in mortality
Authors: S. Holton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Medical staffdid have input to unitEDrrOR,-In their paper on a midwife managed delivery unit V A Hundley and colleagues state that "there is no input to the midwives unit by medical staff."'In table IV, however, they state that 246 women received epidural or spinal anaes- thesia during their stay in the unit.This implies that the women benefited from a 24 hour obstetric anaesthesia service.A recent survey of patients' knowledge showed that at least 21% of patients are unaware that their anaesthetist is a doctor.2Surely this does not also apply to our obstetric and midwifery colleagues.
Catheter Embolus
Authors: William F. Barry, Henry D. McIntosh, Robert E. Whalen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

PROLONGED intravenous infusions through a catheter in an arm vein or inferior vena cava have become a common part of the therapeutic armamentarium in many hospitals. Kits can be purchased for the percutaneous insertion of such catheters. Most of these are made of polyethylene or teflon and are therefore not radiopaque. This technic has a certain degree of risk, of which the most frequent complication is localized phlebitis. Only 1 case of a fragment of catheter that acted as an embolus has been reported.1 One report has been published describing the special radiographic technic used to locate a catheter fragment . . .
Antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and mechanical heart valves
Authors: John W. Eikelboom, Robert G. Hart
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Cardioembolic strokes account for one-sixth of all strokes and are an important potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) are effective for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in those with mechanical heart valves but because of their inherent limitations are underutilized and often suboptimally managed. Antiplatelet therapies have been the only alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention in AF but although they are safer and more convenient they are much less efficacious. The advent of new oral anticoagulant drugs offers the potential to reduce the burden of cardioembolic stroke by providing access to effective, safe, and more convenient therapies. New oral anticoagulants have begun to replace warfarin for stroke prevention in some patients with AF, based on the favorable results of recently completed phase III randomized controlled trials, and provide for the first time an alternative to antiplatelet therapy for patients deemed unsuitable for warfarin. The promise of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with mechanical heart valves is currently being tested in a phase II trial. If efficacy and safety are demonstrated, the new oral anticoagulants will provide an alternative to warfarin for patients with mechanical heart valves and may also lead to increased use of mechanical valves for patients who would not have received them in the past because of the requirement for long term warfarin therapy.
SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIAS
Authors: Lionel M. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The occurrence of simultaneous independent paroxysmal tachycardias is regarded as extremely rare. It is not known, however, whether the incidence of double tachycardias is really low or only apparently so, owing to the difficulty of diagnosis because of superimposition of auricular complexes at a rapid rate on ventricular complexes. In a recent study at the Cook County Hospital we have encountered seven cases of dissociated paroxysmal tachycardias during a 10 month period. In six instances there was a paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a simultaneous independent paroxysmal supraventricular pacemaker. Of the supraventricular mechanisms, two were auricular tachycardia and four were auricular flutter. In the seventh case dissociated paroxysmal auricular and nodal tachycardias were present. The occurrence of auricular fibrillation with ventricular tachycardia is not infrequent, but the incidence of auricular paroxysmal tachycardia or auricular flutter with ventricular (or nodal) tachycardia is rare. In 1930 Strauss,<sup>1</sup>reviewing the literature, found 65