tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B25: Autocrine action of VEGF/VEGFR pathway in human Glioblastomas in addition to the paracrine angiogenic role
Authors: Juan-Carlos Martinez, Leticia Campo, Maria Val Toledo, Silvia Sacristan, Kevin C. Gatter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Angiogenesis is an important determinant for glioma growth and there is a growing interest in anti-angiogenic therapies as a way of blocking glioma development. To get insights into brain tumor angiogenesis, we have addressed the expression of a panel of angiogenesis regulatory proteins in 34 human Glioblasotmas (GBs) specimens. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Phosphorylated VEGF Receptor (PKDR), Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1) and the hypoxia marker Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX). Results &amp; Discussion: VEGF &amp; PKDR cytoplasmic staining of variable intensity in tumoral cells and vascular endothelium was observed in all cases. The highest levels were seen around necrotic foci and in areas of endothelial proliferation. However, VEGF &amp; PKDR expression by tumoral cells was shown also in non-hypoxic areas far away from necrotic foci. Hypoxia induces FIH expression, which in turn activates VEGF expression by tumoral cells. This is followed by diffusion, and interaction through a paracrine process with endothelial VEGF Receptors (VEGFR). Interaction between VEGF and VEGFR, induces activation and phosphorylation of VEGFR, triggering angiogenesis by the emission of vascular sprouts. Our finding of high levels of PKDR by neoplastic cells indicates that interaction and activation of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway can be as well an autocrine process. As VEGF is a powerful growth factor, this support that in addition to angiogenic induction, VEGF may play an active role in neoplastic cell growth. The strong expression of VEGF &amp; PKDR in non-hypoxic areas suggests that VEGF may be induced by other stimulus than hypoxia. This possibility my have a therapeutic influence in that treatment with VEGF blockers and or inhibitors, aimed at an antiangiogenic effect, could additionally act against neoplastic proliferation on neoplastic cells themselves. Supported by Grant to JCM, Fundación de Investigación Mutua Madrileña. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B25
Pyridoxamine improves functional, structural, and biochemical alterations of peritoneal membranes in uremic peritoneal dialysis rats
Authors: Takatoshi Kakuta, Reika Tanaka, Yoshinobu Satoh, Yuko Izuhara, Reiko Inagi, Masaomi Nangaku, Akira Saito, Toshio Miyata
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Registry
Authors: DAVID T. PURTILO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1979X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome RegistryDAVID T. PURTILO, M.D., JANET HAMILTONDAVID T. PURTILO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JANET HAMILTONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-995_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Registry was recently established and is funded by the National Cancer Institute. We invite referrals of possible cases of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome as well as unusual complications associated with infectious mononucleosis. The following criteria may be used to ascertain whether a patient is a candidate for the registry.1. Phenotypes (1) of the proliferative types including fatal infectious mononucleosis, immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells, immunodeficiency with hyper IgM after infectious mononucleosis, or American Burkitt lymphoma. Aproliferative phenotypes such as agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia.2. The phenotypes of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome...Reference1. PURTILODEFLORIOHUTTBHAWANYANGOTTOEDWARDS DDLJJKW: Variable phenotypic expression of an X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. N Engl J Med 297:1077-1081, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: M.S.Department of Pathology University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester, MA 01605 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1979Volume 90, Issue 6Page: 995-995KeywordsAplastic anemiaBurkitt lymphomaCellsImmunodeficienciesPhenotypesSarcoma Issue Published: 1 June 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pectus excavatum and cardiac dysfunction: a case report with pre- and post-operative haemodynamic studies.
Authors: P A Majid, B S Zienkowicz, J P Roos
Journal: Thorax (1979)

A 48-year-old man with severe pectus excavatum presented with incapacitating supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal in nature and invariably provoked by exercise. During mild supine leg exercise on a bicycle ergometer an abnormal increase in right heart pressures, particularly in the right atrium, was observed, followed immediately by supraventricular tachycardia. The latter was also shown during upright exercise on a treadmill. Operative correction of the deformity led to complete relief from the dysrhythmia and a normal haemodynamic response on exercise. The pre- and post-operative studies lend support to the conclusion that the sternal depression was the most likely cause of the cardiac abnormality.
Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children
Authors: C. Del Mar, P. Glasziou, M.M. Rovers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

report that antibiotics reduced "the time to resolution of symptoms and reduced the overall symptom burden" in children with acute otitis media, and they reject the null hypothesis on the basis of statistical benefit in three of four "primary" outcomes.There is no explanation of, or correction for, the use of four primary outcomes.The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommend against more than one primary outcome because of "the problems of interpretation associated with multiplicity of analyses." 2More troubling, the study protocol (available with the full text of the article at NEJM.org) identifies only one primary outcome, "time to resolution."Of the remaining three outcomes called "primary" in the article, one is not in the protocol and two are explicitly identified as secondary.On the basis of the study protocol, the primary outcome showed no benefit over placebo (P = 0.14), and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.Moreover, diarrhea, the outcome identified in the protocol as the "primary safety outcome," was associated with harm when the study drug was compared with placebo (P = 0.05).These results do not support the reported conclusions and appear to be an argument against antibiotic use in this population.
A Turner's Syndrome Variant with Polycystic Ovaries and Idiopathic Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: GORDON H. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A patient presented with short stature, pterygium colli, cubitus valgus, multiple pigmented nevi, low-set hairline, and hypoplastic nails—all features characteristic of Turner's syndrome. She had oligomenorrhea but normal secondary sexual characteristics, and her chief complaint was chest pain and progressive hirsutism. The buccal smear was positive for Barr bodies, and she had a normal female karyotype. Cardiac catheterization showed idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy, and exploratory laparotomy disclosed polycystic ovaries. The occurrence of Turner's somatotype, polycystic ovaries, and idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy in the same individual has not previously been reported.
High-Dose Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: William J. Gradishar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The role of high-dose chemotherapy in the management of women with breast cancer remains one of the most controversial issues in oncology. During the past decade, numerous pilot studies have shown the feasibility of administering high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (referred to as high-dose chemotherapy) to women with metastatic disease. However, it appears that survival improves in few treated patients. This treatment strategy is now being evaluated in the adjuvant setting in patients who are at high risk for developing recurrent disease. The National Cancer Institute has selected two randomized, adjuvant breast cancer trials for its High-Priority Clinical Trials Program. These trials are comparing conventional-dose chemotherapy with high-dose chemotherapy in patients in the early stages of breast cancer who are at high risk for disease recurrence. This paper focuses on the rationale for the randomized studies evaluating adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy in the early stages of breast cancer and reviews the efforts to overcome physician and patient biases so that the trials can be completed.
Haplotype analysis of the Mexican frameshift Cd 11 (−T) and −28 A→C β-thalassemia alleles
Authors: Francisco J. Perea, M. Amparo Esparza, Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arambula, Bertha Ibarra, John M. Old
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The origins of the −28 A→C and frameshift Cd 11 −T (Fs Cd 11 −T) alleles were investigated by β-globin cluster haplotype analysis. These alleles were found in a Mexican mestizo family with β-thalassemia (β-thal). The -28 A→C mutation was described previously in Kurdish Jews linked to the most common haplotype in the world (+−−−−++), the same haplotype observed in this Mexican family. Therefore, it is not possible to assess a new origin of the −28 A→C mutation in our population. The Fs Cd 11 −T allele, not reported to date in any other populations, was linked to the −++−−+− haplotype (sixth in frequency in the world). This haplotype has not been reported in association with any β-thal mutant, suggesting a Mexican origin for the Cd 11 −T mutation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
SynGAP-MUPP1-CaMKII Synaptic Complexes Regulate p38 MAP Kinase Activity and NMDA Receptor- Dependent Synaptic AMPA Receptor Potentiation
Authors: Grigory Krapivinsky, Igor Medina, Luba Krapivinsky, Svetlana Gapon, David E Clapham
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Myocardial metabolism and function during ischaemia: response to l-noradrenaline
Authors: T. J. Regan, A. Markov, H. A. Oldewurtel, W. M. Burke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Ventricular arrhythmias and diminished contractility during myocardial ischaemia have responded therapeutically to a non-pressor dose of l-noradrenaline. The free fatty acid oxygen extraction ratio was increased by ischaemia with a decline in glucose and pyruvate uptake, unaltered by noradrenaline. Myocardial K+ loss from ischaemic muscle was reversed by the hormone without affecting lactate production.
Patients informed of increased risk of vCJD contact
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Up to 4000 patients in the United Kingdom are being sent a letter this week explaining they may be at increased risk of carrying variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) because they have received blood products donated by people who have gone on to develop the disease.

The step is a highly precautionary one to try to limit the spread of the agent to other people, says the Department of Health. It follows the identification of two cases of vCJD that may have been transmitted through a blood transfusion, one last December and the other in July this year ( BMJ 2004;329:251).

The patients who have been sent a letter, most of whom have haemophilia, will be invited to find …
Patients wait too long in ambulances before transfer to emergency department, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Some patients spend too long with ambulance crews before being handed over to emergency department staff, and others experience delays in being seen by a doctor or nurse in the department, a survey of nearly 40 000 users has found.

The 2014 survey of emergency departments in England1 found some improvements in how patients rated their experiences. For example, 77% said that staff “definitely” listened to them, up from 75% in 2012; 75% “definitely” had confidence and trust in doctors and nurses, up from 73%; and 44% said that staff fully informed them about danger signals to watch …
Consent as a Barrier to Research
Authors: Norman Fost
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

AN academic physician was once heard to remark, "If it weren't for the patients, we could get a lot of work done around here." This obviously facetious comment reflects a fundamental and profound conflict faced by those who do research on human subjects: the doctor's obligation as personal caretaker of an individual patient versus his obligation to advance knowledge for the benefit of society as a whole. This potential conflict is not realized in all cases. Often the patient's best interests, as well as society's, are served when the patient is a research subject. It is the possibility that a . . .
ABC of nutrition. Food poisoning.
Authors: N D Noah
Journal: BMJ (1985)

FOOD POISONINGAn acute illess, which usually includes one or more gastrointestinal symptoms, caused by the recent consumption offood or drink.Typhoid, paratyphoid, and hepatitis A are not usually considered asfood poisoning * Cool for one hour * Refrigerate * Do not recontaminate after cooking Commonestfaults in foodpreparation * Cross-contamination-raw to cooked food * Storage of food at too warm a temperature * Inadequate cooling * Storage of food-too long a time * Reheating-inadequate * Thawing-inadequate * Contaminated equipment More than two faults recorded in more than halfof all outbreaks; more than three faults recorded in 17% of all outbreaks.Domestic prevention Some golden rules * Defrost thoroughly * Heat through * Eat immediately v.
High levels of secretory IgA and free secretory component in the serum of rats with bile duct obstruction.
Authors: I Lemaître-Coelho, G D Jackson, J P Vaerman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

In the rat , ligation of the bile duct induces a rapid and progressive elevation of the IgA levels in serum. The increase is about 4-fold at 1 h, 15-fold at 1 day, and 30-fold at 1 wk after ligation. The additional IgA is of the secretory type. Free secretory component also appears in serum after bile duct obstruction; it does not continue to increase and occasionally disappears from serum after prolonged ligation. The increase in serum IgA levels is selective. These changes are totally reversible if the bile duct is reopened at 1 day after ligature. These findings confirm the role of the rat liver in the transfer of circulating IgA into the bile.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCS) as Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Advanced Chemorefractory, Ras Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Treated with Cetuximab or Panitumumab
Authors: V. Musella, F. Pietrantonio, E. Di Buduo, I. Bossi, R. Iacovelli, C. Maggi, A. Martinetti, E. Sottotetti, M. Di Bartolomeo, F. de Braud, V. Cappelletti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cerebrovascular Events
Authors: Paul V. Targonski, Piero O. Bonetti, Geralyn M. Pumper, Stuart T. Higano, David R. Holmes, Amir Lerman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Stroke, mainly attributable to atherothrombotic disease, represents a leading cause of disability and death in the Western world. Endothelial dysfunction, which is considered a key factor in atherogenesis, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the magnitude of the association between coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) and cerebrovascular events is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the association between CED and cerebrovascular events.We studied 503 patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary endothelial function testing by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. Patients were divided according to the presence (n=305) or absence (n=198) of CED, and medical records were examined for the occurrence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack either before (prevalent) or after (incident) coronary endothelial function testing. Among the study population, a total of 25 cerebrovascular events were documented, 22 in patients with CED (15 prevalent) and 3 in patients without (all prevalent) (P=0.008). Multivariable logistic regression, which included traditional cerebrovascular disease-related risk factors, identified the presence of CED as the single strongest factor associated with cerebrovascular events (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.83). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with CED had a significantly higher cumulative cerebrovascular event rate than those without (P=0.04).Presence of CED in patients without obstructive CAD is independently associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. Thus, detection of this early stage of atherosclerosis may provide important information to identify patients who benefit from aggressive preventive strategies.
Evidence of Genetic Effects on Blood Lead Concentration
Authors: John B. Whitfield, Veronica Dy, Robert McQuilty, Gu Zhu, Grant W. Montgomery, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, David L. Duffy, Michael C. Neale, Bas T. Heijmans, Andrew C. Heath, Nicholas G. Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundLead is an environmental pollutant that causes acute and chronic toxicity. Surveys have related mean blood lead concentrations to exogenous sources, including industrial activity, use of lead-based paints, or traffic density. However, there has been little investigation of individual differences in lead absorption, distribution, or toxicity, or of genetic causes of such variation.ObjectivesWe assessed the genetic contribution to variation in blood lead concentration in adults and conducted a preliminary search for genes producing such variation.MethodsErythrocyte lead concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in venous blood samples from 2,926 Australian adult male and female twins. Mean lead concentrations were compared by place of residence, social class and education, and by the subjects' age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking habits, iron status, and HFE genotype.ResultsAfter adjustment for these covariates, there was strong evidence of genetic effects but not for shared environmental effects persisting into adult life. Linkage analysis showed suggestive evidence (logarithm of odds = 2.63, genome-wide p = 0.170) for a quantitative trait locus affecting blood lead values on chromosome 3 with the linkage peak close to SLC4A7, a gene whose product affects lead transport.ConclusionsWe conclude that genetic variation plays a significant role in determining lead absorption, lead distribution within the body, or both.
Rejection in liver transplantation
Authors: Goran B.G. Klintmalm, Joseph R. Nery, Bo S. Husberg, Thomas A. Gonwa, Glenn W. Tillery
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

One hundred four liver transplant recipients were retrospectively reviewed for the incidence of liver allograft rejection, the response to antirejection therapy and the impact of rejection on graft and patient survival. Liver biopsies were performed weekly during episodes of graft dysfunction and to follow response to treatment. Baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and low–dose prednisolone. Rejection was treated with steroids and with OKT3 as rescue. Azathioprine was given to patients with preoperative or perioperative renal insufficiency and was added to patients' treatment after the first sign of rejection. Seven complications were observed in approximately 1,100 liver biopsies, only one necessitating surgery. We found that 39.4% of the patients never experienced acute rejection, and 60.6% had at least one episode of acute rejection. Overall, 42.3% of the patients had only one episode of acute rejection, 13.5% had two, 3.8% had three and 1% had five episodes of acute rejection. Sixty of 63 first acute rejection episodes occurred within 21 days of transplant. Primary disease, sex or patient age had no significant influence on the incidence of rejection. There was a lower incidence of rejection (p &lt; 0.005) in patients transplanted after October, 1986, despite lower mean cyclosporine levels. Mean cyclosporine level during the first postoperative month was 679 ng per ml vs. a mean level of 910 ng per ml prior to October, 1986, when the immunosuppressive protocol was altered. Antirejection therapy was very effective in that only two of the 63 patients had graft failure due to acute rejection. Both of these patients were subsequently retransplanted. One patient died directly as a result of the acute rejection. In six patients (4.8%), chronic rejection was diagnosed, 29 to 545 days after transplantation. Two of these patients never had previous acute rejection but had suffered severe viral infections. Four of the six chronic rejection patients had primary sclerosing cholangitis as their primary disease. One patient underwent a suspected hyperacute rejection and was successfully retransplanted. We conclude that rejection is a major cause for morbidity after liver transplantation but is presently only a minor cause for mortality. The importance of the primary disease and viral infections in the development of chronic rejection needs further study.
Evaluation of Computer-Acquired Patient Histories
Authors: Jerome H. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A system for automated collection of patients' medical histories has been developed. The patient is interviewed by the computer system and a printed summary of the interview is made available to the physician. During the past two years, this system has been evaluated with respect to patient attitudes, physician attitudes, and completeness and accuracy of the data. Patients have had a favorable attitude towards the computer system; physicians' attitudes are mixed. The automated technique records more items than are found in physician-recorded medical records, and there is a high degree of agreement when the data are compared to those of physician-recorded histories. The final assessment of the potential value and utility of such a technique must be considered in light of the particular care environment in which it is to be applied.
Frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: C. George, W. Zermansky, J. R. Hurst
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 62 year old smoker with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has received his third course of steroids and antibiotics for apparent exacerbations in a year. He is anxious about the frequent flare ups and additional treatment he is being prescribed.

COPD is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction and progressive symptoms. Exacerbation of COPD is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion and there are many causes of worsening symptoms in a patient with underlying COPD that should be considered. The frequency of exacerbations varies between patients, and the best predictor is a patient’s history of exacerbations. Patients who have frequent exacerbations have a more rapid decline in lung function, poorer quality of life, and greater mortality. Preventing exacerbations is therefore a key goal of COPD management. 

Consider:

### Consider alternative diagnoses

Establish whether these events are truly …