tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Antiarrhythmic Action of Ambonestyl (2-Diethylaminoethylisonicotinamide, Mc-4112)
Authors: Albert Sjoerdsma, Harriet Maling, Houston W. Pratt, Julius Axelrod, Herbert J. Kayden, Luther L. Terry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THERE is need for effective antiarrhythmic drugs that do not have the undesirable side effects of those most widely used, quinidine and procaine amide. Although they are frequently effective in suppressing arrhythmias, the scope of application of these drugs is limited particularly by their properties of slowing cardiac conduction and lowering blood pressure. Lanzoni and Clark1 and Clark and Eisten2 recently introduced Ambonestyl, an analogue of procaine amide, and reported it to be as effective as procaine amide in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias induced by coronary-artery ligation in the dog. When administered intravenously to man, the drug was thought to suppress . . .
Use of antibiotic in contraceptive trial sparks controversy
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A clinical trial in India's West Bengal state evaluating the antibiotic erythromycin as a female contraceptive has sparked controversy 15 months after the study ended, with doctors accused of pursuing illegal and unethical research.

A paper published this month in the international journal Contraception (2004;69 : 47-9) says that transcervical administration of erythromycin seemed very safe but had an “unacceptably high” failure rate of 28-35% per cent after 12 months. The volunteers were divide into two groups. Each woman in the first group received a 500mg tablet of erythromycin, while each woman in the second group received ten 50mg pellets of the drug. In both cases thetablets or pellets were placed in …
Head of UK scheme to improve junior doctors' training resigns over job application debacle
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

s health secretary, has said that some Muslim GPs may be divulging details of the sexual health of female Muslim patients to family members.Her comments drew an angry response from Muslim GPs, who said that her claims were based only on anecdotal evidence.However, Mrs Hewitt, who represents a constituency in Leicester with a large ethnic minority community, said, "I have had Muslim women give me chapter and verse on very distressing breaches of confidentiality by Muslim GPs."Some women patients in some Muslim communities are feeling they can't trust their own GP, who is from the same community and knows their extended family."If they go for particular situations, such as a sexual health problem or domestic violence, they fear they will share that information with other members of the family or community."Mrs Hewitt made her comments in an interview with the magazine for GPs Pulse (29 Mar, p 2).Vijoy Singh, chairman of the Leicestershire and Rutland local medical committee, which covers Ms Hewitt's constituency, said, "No GP would break confidentiality, because if they break it they are liable to be sued.She's out of touch."Mrs Hewitt cited a report published in November last year by the Muslim Women's Network, which was based on conversations with Muslim women throughout the country, as further evidence of her concerns.The report, She Who Disputes (www.thewnc.org.uk/pubs/shewhodisputesnov06.pdf),noted: "Health services were criticised for being insensitive and there was repeated concern that GPs from within the community could not be trusted to maintain patient confidentiality." Hewitt says some Muslim GPs breach confidentialityUK NEWS Safety agency prioritises better use of anticoagulants, p714 World NEWS drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� , p71� bmj.com o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or� o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or�
Foodborne viral infections
Authors: A. Hale
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Media attention on outbreaks of infection caused by salmonella species and Escherichia coli 0157 and more recently on new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease have highlighted the importance of foodborne transmission of infectious agents, but what of the role of viruses? A recent report from the Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food (ACMSF) provides a timely reminder of the importance of these agents, points to gaps in our knowledge, and offers advice for their control.1

Although the list of viruses causing intestinal disease in humans is long, the epidemiology of foodborne outbreaks in the United Kingdom reveals the predominance of a single group, the Norwalk-like viruses.2 Also known as small round structured viruses, these are an antigenically diverse group of caliciviruses which have similar morphology under the electron microscope and appear to cause an identical clinical picture of projectile vomiting and diarrhoea. They include Hawaii, Snow Mountain, Taunton, Mexico, and Grimsby viruses.3 4

Norwalk-like viruses can cause illness at any age, possibly due to their antigenic diversity but also because infection appears …
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the palate
Authors: Tomohiro Yamada, Tomohide Yoshimura, Naoya Kitamura, Eri Sasabe, Seiji Ohno, Tetsuya Yamamoto
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported in the oral and maxillofacial region. Here, a LGMS developed on the palate of a 73-year-old man who presented with a 1-cm tumor on the posterior border of the palate. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of LGMS was established. The tumor was resected, and no recurrence was observed over 2 years. Although the tongue is the most preferred site for LGMS, it may occur in any region of the oral cavity.
Conducting Clinical Trials
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Having recently favorably reviewed a guide to planning and conducting clinical studies, I wondered if the current spate of books on the subject would ever abate. As if in answer to my question, another entry in the contest for the clinical investigator's attention arrived: the book reviewed here. What impresses one from the start is the methodical progression, an exposition that promises to avoid the pitfalls, errors, and complications that so often plague clinical trials. From the initial brief history of the ethics and causes for regulation that underlie the contemporary trial, detailed in the introduction, the authors consider the recruitment, role, relationships, and interactions of the physicians who become principal investigators, those who refer, those who monitor, and the staffs they work with. Subjects and sponsors of trials come in for careful consideration; hints on how to choose each are liberally supplied. The particular advantages these may hold for
Colitis cystica profunda presenting with a mucus pool within the stalk of a pedunculated colon polyp
Authors: M. Jung, G. Cho, S. Byun, K. Do, H. Kim, Y. Cho, H. Chae, O. Shin, S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 38-year-old man was admitted for a colon polypectomy. A colonoscopic examination had been carried out in another hospital several days earlier due to hematochezia and a polyp had been found in the sigmoid colon. The 1.5-cm, pedunculated polyp ([Fig. 1]) had a slight bulge in the stalk, and there was a mucosal bridge at the attachment to the intestinal wall, mimicking a submucosal tumor.
Comparison of organ dysfunction in transfused patients with SCD or β thalassemia
Authors: Elliott Vichinsky, Ellen Butensky, Ellen Fung, Mark Hudes, Elizabeth Theil, Linda Ferrell, Roger Williams, Leslie Louie, Phillip D.K. Lee, Paul Harmatz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Although it is life saving, transfusion therapy has resulted in the majority of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia patients being at risk for hemosiderosis‐induced organ damage. It is unknown whether the complications of iron overload are affected by the underlying disease. In order to address this problem, we compared the prevalence of organ dysfunction in both groups of patients receiving chronic transfusion therapy (β thalassemia, N = 30; sickle cell anemia, N = 43). Both groups had similar quantitative liver iron. Thalassemia patients had greater cardiac disease (20% vs. 0%), growth failure (27% vs. 9%), and endocrine failure (37% vs. 0%). The strongest predictors of combined endocrine and cardiac disease in multivariate analysis were duration of chronic transfusion ( P = 0.03) and diagnosis ( P = 0.03). Quantitative liver iron concentration on a single liver biopsy was not predictive of cardiac or endocrine injury. Viral hepatitis is the strongest predictor of hepatocellular damage ( P = 0.009), while the development of liver fibrosis is more closely related to liver iron concentration ( P = 0.04). In conclusion, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia differ in the prevalence of organ injury. This difference is related to the duration of iron exposure and the specific hemoglobinopathy. A prospective study with a larger number of subjects is needed to confirm the relationships between specific diagnosis, liver iron concentration over time, and organ dysfunction. Am. J. Hematol. 80:70–74, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones in elderly people
Authors: T. C K Tham, D. L Carr-Locke
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Although the standard treatment of gall bladder and bile duct stones has been surgical, postoperative morbidity and mortality increase with age and concomitant disease.1 Peroral endoscopic techniques provide an effective alternative for removing bile duct stones by endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction and may be safer than surgery in elderly people and other high risk groups as the associated morbidity and mortality are unchanged regardless of age.2 As endoscopic management of bile duct stones and leaving the gall bladder in situ could be definitive treatment in these patients, there is a tendency to adopt a wait and see strategy even in those who may be fit for surgery.3 Several recent series have, however, suggested that morbidity and mortality after surgical bile duct exploration have decreased,4 and two recent prospective randomised studies have questioned the rationale for leaving the gall bladder in situ after endoscopic sphincterotomy. 5 6 Indeed, the published evidence suggests an individualised approach to the management and outcomes of bile duct and gall bladder stones in elderly and high risk patients.

Prospective randomised studies comparing …
Lack of impact of early catheterization and fibrin specificity on bleeding complications after thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Thomas C. Wall, Robert M. Califf, Stephen G. Ellis, Kristina Sigmon, Dean Kereiakes, Barry S. George, Joseph Samaha, David Sane, David C. Stump, Richard S. Stack, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Understanding the Causes of Schizophrenia
Authors: Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Schizophrenia is one of our most important public health problems. It is a common, tragic, and devastating mental illness that typically strikes young people just when they are maturing into adulthood. Once it strikes, morbidity is high (60 percent of patients are receiving disability benefits within the first year after onset),1 as is mortality (the suicide rate is 10 percent).2 Despite the fact that people with schizophrenia are all around us (the lifetime prevalence is 1 percent worldwide),2 this illness is often misunderstood, and people with schizophrenia are stigmatized by both the medical profession and the public.Our understanding of . . .
Influenza A Virus NS1 Targets the Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM25 to Evade Recognition by the Host Viral RNA Sensor RIG-I
Authors: Michaela Ulrike Gack, Randy Allen Albrecht, Tomohiko Urano, Kyung-Soo Inn, I-Chueh Huang, Elena Carnero, Michael Farzan, Satoshi Inoue, Jae Ung Jung, Adolfo García-Sastre
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Pharmacogenomic Modeling in Pancreatic Cancer—Response
Authors: Kenneth H. Yu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

We thank Avan and colleagues ([1][1]) for their interest in our pharmacogenomic (PGx) study of circulating tumor and invasive cells (CTIC) for predicting effective therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC; ref. [2][2]) and for their thoughtful comments. Regarding the first point, as is made
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: E. J. M. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The paper by Kettel and colleagues ( 217 :1503, 1971) is welcome support for the spread of this practice. I would, however, like to comment on the experience reported and on some of the remarks about oxygen therapy explicitly or implicitly attributed to me.  In Fig 1, the authors show the pH and carbon dioxide pressure (Pco 2 ) values in these 87 episodes at the time of lowest pH, which in most patients was the  of diagnostic value. In 31, the Pco 2 values were over 90 mm Hg. McNicol and I 1 explained that such values can be achieved only in the presence of oxygen, and McNicol found that the true admission values were always less than 90 mm Hg. The patients described by Kettel et al, therefore, must either have been living on oxygen or they must have received excessive oxygen in the hour or three
Transferable lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and inhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator release from endothelial cells.
Authors: K Kugiyama, T Sakamoto, I Misumi, S Sugiyama, M Ohgushi, H Ogawa, M Horiguchi, H Yasue
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Decreased fibrinolytic activity has been reported in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), which accumulates in atherosclerotic arteries, modulates the endothelial fibrinolytic system, cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with low-density lipoproteins or lipids, and levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigens in the conditioned medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ox-LDL (30 micrograms protein/mL) and its extracted lipid (50 micrograms cholesterol/mL) stimulated PAI-1 release by 42 +/- 3% and 29 +/- 3% of control cultures, respectively, whereas Ox-LDL and its lipid inhibited t-PA release by 42 +/- 4% and 53 +/- 3% of control cultures, respectively. Native LDL and its lipid were inactive on their release. Ox-LDL depleted of hydrophilic lipids, which was prepared by the incubation with defatted albumin (an acceptor for hydrophilic lipids), lost both the stimulatory action on PAI-1 and the inhibitory action on t-PA. The extracted lipid from the incubated albumin, which has been found to accept the hydrophilic lipids from Ox-LDL, gained the stimulatory action on PAI-1 and the inhibitory action on t-PA. Ox-LDL depleted of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which was prepared by the incubation with phospholipase B, lost the stimulatory effect on PAI-1, whereas the inhibitory effect on t-PA remained present in the Ox-LDL depleted of LPC. The incubation with synthetic palmitoyl LPC (10 microM) stimulated PAI-1 release by 85 +/- 7% of control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insect-Borne Transmission of AIDS
Authors: Martin J. Blaser
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Although Dr Drotman 1 correctly downplays the current evidence for mosquito-borne transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, I believe that several pieces of information suggest a possible role for insect-borne spread in the tropics. 2 That 50 of 75 serum samples collected from healthy children in the West Nile region of Uganda in 1973 had antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) 3 indicates that transmission is wide-spread and may occur early in life; either heterosexual or homosexual transmission with subsequent vertical transmission is unlikely to account for such high prevalence of infection. Therefore, in contrast to Dr Drotman's assertion, HTLV-III infection may be common in preadolescent children. In a small study of HTLV-III antibody in healthy Zairians, 22% were positive and 29% had borderline results; all were immunologically normal. 4 Even in the absence of follow-up data, it is reasonable
Influence of social factors on lead exposure and child development.
Authors: R L Bornschein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A brief overview of current views of child development is provided, with particular attention given to the role the child's physical and social environment plays in influencing the developmental process. Examples from the recent literature are used to illustrate how these factors can influence lead exposure and most importantly how they might interact with lead to ameliorate or exacerbate possible lead effects. An example is provided which demonstrates that failure to control adequately and to adjust the data statistically to correct for the influence of these factors can lead one erroneously to attribute cognitive and behavioral changes to lead. Finally, data from the Cincinnati Prospective Lead Study are presented to illustrate the application of structural equation modeling as a means for unraveling the complex web of sociodemographic, environmental and behavioral influences on childhood lead exposure. The latter analysis indicates that for children less than 24 months of age, lead-containing dust in the home and on the children's hands are important determinates of their blood lead levels. This relationship is influenced by the amount of maternal involvement with their child and other indices of interaction between the child and primary caregiver.
Abstract 3339: The regulatory subunit of PI3K, p85β, induces cellular transformation, enhanced cell proliferation and increased PI3K signaling
Authors: Yoshihiro Ito, Jonathan R. Hart, Lynn Ueno, Peter K. Vogt
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We have expressed the human p85β in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) using the RCAS retroviral vector. At low concentrations, RCAS-p85β induces the formation of distinct foci of transformed cells. CEF transfected with high concentrations of RCAS-p85β show enhanced cell proliferation and PI3K signaling. RCAS-p85β shares this growth promoting potential with the cancer-derived mutants of p85α, but the wild type p85α protein expressed by the RCAS vector lacks this potential. The transforming and signaling activities of p85β depend on the PI3K catalytic subunit p110. We have used p110 isoform-specific inhibitors to show that the transforming and signaling activities of p85β can be mediated by p110α or p110β or both. This is in contrast to the transforming mutants of p85α which depend almost exclusively on p110α for their growth-promoting effect. p85β can be phosphorylated at Y655. Mutations of the phosphorylation site Y655A or Y655E lose almost all of their transforming and enhanced signaling activity. This result indicates that p85β could be subject to control by tyrosine kinases. Our data document important differences between p85α and p85β and suggest that p85β could carry out special functions in signaling and in cancer. This work was supported by NIH Grant R01 CA078230. This is abstract 26049 of The Scripps Research Institute. Citation Format: Yoshihiro Ito, Jonathan R. Hart, Lynn Ueno, Peter K. Vogt. The regulatory subunit of PI3K, p85β, induces cellular transformation, enhanced cell proliferation and increased PI3K signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3339
Physiopathology of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Ronald P. Karlsberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Physiopathology of the Cardiovascular System</i>, edited by Joseph S. Alpert, MD, is part of a series of textbooks from Little Brown &amp; Company, which intend to deal with the "scientific foundations underlying the practice of clinical medicine." This volume attempts to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of common cardiac diseases. It is written by members of the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, and is designed for second-year medical students, more advanced students, and practitioners. The focus is on providing a bridge between the basic sciences and clinical work, and this approach is most compatible with the redirected curriculum of recent years. This volume covers topics including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and its consequences, myocardial, valvular, pericardial and congenital heart disease, hypertension, electrical disturbances, peripheral and cerebrovascular diseases, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. Study questions accompany each chapter. For the most part, this book
Recurrence After Treatment of Cutaneous Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Amelia K. Hausauer, Toby Maurer, Kieron S. Leslie, Rupa Parvataneni, Sarah E. Stuart, Mary-Margaret Chren
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), collectively called nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), are the most common primary malignant neoplasms, yet recurrence after treatment is unusual. 1 With modern antiretroviral therapy, NMSC is also the most frequent cancer in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 2 but recurrence rates in this population are largely unknown. 3We followed a large prospective cohort of patients with NMSC to determine tumor recurrence rates and found unexpectedly high recurrence among the HIV-infected patients. MethodsThis study was approved by the committee on human research, University of California, San Francisco, and details of this study have been described elsewhere. 1Briefly, eligible patients were those with primary NMSC diagnosed in 1999 or 2000 at a university-based practice and its affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Data were collected via medical records, patient survey, and blinded physical examination, and patients were followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 7.3 (3.1-8.7) years after treatment.Given the prevalence of human papilloma virus-associated genital SCCs among HIV-infected patients, tumors located in the genital area were excluded from all analyses.We compared groups by the χ 2 test for categorical characteristics and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous characteristics.Cumulative incidence of tumor recurrence over time was displayed using Kaplan-Meier plots.We also constructed a series of Cox proportional hazard models to calculate unadjusted and adjusted 5-year recurrence rates and hazard ratios (HRs).Because of the limited number of recurrences, we forced HIV status and treatment type (categorized as conservative [destruction, topical, or none] or aggressive [excisional or Mohs surgery]) into the adjusted models then applied a forward stepwise selection based on ©2013 American Medical Association.