tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grass pollen immunotherapy for treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: A. Slovick, S. R. Durham, S. J. Till
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 33 year old female teacher presented with a history of troublesome allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and seasonal asthma. Since her teens, from May through to August she had experienced sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, itchy red eyes, and occasional breathlessness. In previous summers, her general practitioner had prescribed daily intranasal budesonide, oral cetirizine, and cromoglicate eye drops, together with inhaled salbutamol as needed. Although she had experienced a modest improvement with this treatment, symptoms continued to impair her concentration in the classroom and her quality of sleep. Her general practitioner referred her for consideration of “desensitisation.”

Grass pollen immunotherapy involves repeated administration of high doses of grass pollen allergen with the aim of inducing clinical and immunological tolerance in the recipient. Immunotherapy formulations contain an extract of one or more species of grass pollen and are administered either as a course of subcutaneous injections (“subcutaneous immunotherapy”) or as daily sublingual drops or dissolving tablets (“sublingual immunotherapy”) for three years. Experience with subcutaneous immunotherapy, first described more than 100 years ago,1 is extensive; experience with sublingual immunotherapy is less so. In the United Kingdom, grass pollen immunotherapy is indicated in selected patients whose allergic rhinitis remains highly bothersome despite conventional medical treatment with intranasal corticosteroid sprays and oral or topical antihistamines.2 The clinical effect is believed to derive from induction of T cells that produce interleukin 10 (regulatory T cells) and B cells that produce allergen specific IgG antibodies.3 Interleukin 10 has multiple anti-inflammatory properties, and grass pollen specific IgG blocks some of the actions of IgE, which largely mediates the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Side effects mainly occur as IgE mediated reactions to the vaccines.

Many clinical guidelines support use of immunotherapy for treatment of refractory allergic rhinitis that affects quality of life, sleep, work, or social activities. A Cochrane …
Cholesterol Reduction With Atorvastatin Improves Walking Distance in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Emile R. Mohler, William R. Hiatt, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Cholesterol modification reduces cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, including those with peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cholesterol lowering with atorvastatin improves walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication.This randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study included 354 persons with claudication attributable to peripheral arterial disease. Patients were treated with placebo, atorvastatin (10 mg per day), or atorvastatin (80 mg per day) for 12 months. The outcome measures included change in treadmill exercise time and patient-reported measures of physical activity and quality of life based on questionnaires. Maximal walking time after 12 months of treatment with atorvastatin did not change significantly. However, there was improvement in pain-free walking time after 12 months of treatment for the 80-mg (P=0.025) group compared with placebo. A physical activity questionnaire demonstrated improvement in ambulatory ability for the 10- and 80-mg groups (P=0.011), whereas 2 quality of life instruments, the Walking Impairment Questionnaire and Short Form 36 Questionnaire, did not show significant change.Atorvastatin improves pain-free walking distance and community-based physical activity in patients with intermittent claudication. When treated with atorvastatin, patients with peripheral arterial disease may experience improvement in symptoms to complement the anticipated reduction in cardiovascular events reported in other studies of statins.
OSSIFIED SUBPERIOSTEAL HEMATOMA
Authors: Stacey B. Day
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A female infant aged 6 1/2 months had several hemorrhagic manifestations, including a swelling and ecchymoses on the lower part of the left leg. Initial studies revealed a fracture of the tibia; later studies revealed extensive calcifying bone which surrounded almost the entire tibial shaft. Similar lesions were seen in a human bone believed to be about 150 years old and in a fossil bone from a deer that is believed to have lived about 15,000 years ago. In each case the lesion has the appearance of an ossified hematoma, the space between bone and periosteum being filled initially with blood which is later invaded by osteoblasts. Since the lesion so closely resembles bone sarcoma, the differential diagnosis is important.
Comparison of lung tissue concentrations of nebulized ceftazidime in ventilated piglets: ultrasonic versus vibrating plate nebulizers
Authors: Fabio Ferrari, Zhi-Hai Liu, Qin Lu, Marie-Helene Becquemin, Kamel Louchahi, Guy Aymard, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Jean-Jacques Rouby
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Depression of cellular immunity as an index of malnutrition in surgical patients.
Authors: K S Nair, J S Garrow
Journal: BMJ (1981)

2-6 days (range 1-5 days).The mean interval between top-ups was 12 hours (range 4-30 hours).Ten patients thought their symptomatic foot was warmer.Of the eight cannula tips sent for bacterial culture, all were sterile.Seven of the nine patients who received grafts experienced good pain relief as a result of surgery.Two patients with poor "run-off" and gangrene were unimproved and subsequently underwent major amputation.
Accomplices in Crime
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In the anthropomorphic universe of medical terminology, where wounds can be "angry"; hepatitis, "aggressive"; ulcers, "silent" or "kissing," a "stealing" blood vessel is not likely to cause much surprise. We have already taken in our stride the subclavian, mesenteric, aorto-iliac, spinal, renal-splanchnic, and coronary "steals." It is when a therapeutic agent is implicated in the theft that our pulse quickens. After all, we have no wish to be accomplices in the crime. Such a crime is the strongly suspected participation of vasodilating drugs in the coronary steal during acute myocardial infarction. Coronary steal was first described by Effler et al<sup>1</sup>not in association with a drug, but with an aberrant left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. The higher pressure in the normal vessel caused the blood to flow through anastomosing collaterals into the left coronary artery and thence retrograde into the pulmonary artery. Ligation of the anomalous artery
Massive Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: J Gorden, B W Usher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 67-year-old man with a history of excessive alcohol consumption was admitted for evaluation of dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, and lightheadedness. He had had a motor vehicle accident 13 years earlier that resulted in multiple compound fractures of his left leg. Right heart catheterization revealed a resting cardiac output of 10 liters per minute and a clinically significant increase in oxygen saturation in the inferior vena cava (oxygen saturation, 93 percent). An arteriogram revealed a massive arteriovenous malformation arising from the left internal iliac artery. The patient underwent percutaneous embolization, which resulted in a marked reduction in the . . .
Breath Alcohol After Using Mouthwash
Authors: Oliver M. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The article by Modell et al 1 is helpful in reminding us that many over-the-counter products contain ethyl alcohol. Modell et al used mouthwashes as their example, but many breath-freshener sprays, cold medications, cough syrups, and other preparations also contain alcohol. The observations of Modell et al regarding the effects of mouthwash on breath alcohol measurements confirm the findings of Spector, 2 which were published in 1971, although they did not cite the Spector article. Both groups found that mouth alcohol contamination can produce high readings with breath alcohol test instruments (eg, Intoximeters or Breathalyzers). In both articles this false-positive effect declines rapidly and exponentially with time.  The false-positive effect of these alcohol-containing preparations should be of little or no practical significance in the realm of breath testing for driving-while-intoxicated charges. In New York State, and in all other states that I am aware of, enforcement agencies
How dangerous are norovirus infections in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with biologics and DMARDs? Follow-up on a local outbreak and comparison with a control cohort: Table 1
Authors: Christoph Fiehn, Nikolaus Miehle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis and is highly contagious. In healthy individuals, the symptoms, which mostly are heavy vomiting and diarrhoea, resolve spontaneously after a couple of days. However, in transplantation medicine norovirus infections attained much attention currently, as it was found that immunocompromised transplant recipients are at risk of developing chronic norovirus infections.1 ,2 Although exact numbers are missing, the estimated rate for this complication is 17%–18% in children and adults after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell or renal transplantation. These patients show prolonged diarrhoea, eventually with weight loss, and chronic norovirus shedding in the stool for up to years.3–7 The patients often have the need for nutritional support and even fatal outcomes were described.3 ,8 Immune recovery was associated with the eventual clearance of the virus in some patients.3 ,9 So far, no cases of …
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, the Unfolded Protein Response, Autophagy, and the Integrated Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Fate
Authors: Robert Clarke, Katherine L. Cook, Rong Hu, Caroline O.B. Facey, Iman Tavassoly, Jessica L. Schwartz, William T. Baumann, John J. Tyson, Jianhua Xuan, Yue Wang, Anni Wärri, Ayesha N. Shajahan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

How breast cancer cells respond to the stress of endocrine therapies determines whether they will acquire a resistant phenotype or execute a cell-death pathway. After a survival signal is successfully executed, a cell must decide whether it should replicate. How these cell-fate decisions are regulated is unclear, but evidence suggests that the signals that determine these outcomes are highly integrated. Central to the final cell-fate decision is signaling from the unfolded protein response, which can be activated following the sensing of stress within the endoplasmic reticulum. The duration of the response to stress is partly mediated by the duration of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 activation following its release from heat shock protein A5. The resulting signals appear to use several B-cell lymphoma-2 family members to both suppress apoptosis and activate autophagy. Changes in metabolism induced by cellular stress are key components of this regulatory system, and further adaptation of the metabolome is affected in response to stress. Here we describe the unfolded protein response, autophagy, and apoptosis, and how the regulation of these processes is integrated. Central topologic features of the signaling network that integrate cell-fate regulation and decision execution are discussed.
Hormonal management of breast cancer.
Authors: F. M. Muggia
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Because of the infrequent occurrence of breast cancer in men 2 brief case histories of male patients with breast cancer treated with progestins are presented.  The first patient was a 61-year-old man with local recurrence of breast cancer 4 years after mastectomy.  Orchidectomy then resulted in regression and control for 2 years.  Diethylstilbestrol 15 mg daily was then given for 9 months but the tumor progressed.  Then 5-fluorouracil and Thio-tepa (triethylenethiophosphoramide) were given.  1 year later Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) 100 mg im 3 times a week was begun.  After 6 weeks without improvement diethylstilbestrol 15 mg daily was added.  Recession occurred but after 6 months exacerbation again took place and the patient died 3 months later.  The other patient was an 80-year-old man who had a radical mastectomy for breast cancer.  The axillary nodes were found to be involved.  After about 18 months pleural effusion led to pleural biopsy which confirmed metastasis.  Bone metastases were also present and a cardiac arrhythmia refractory to digitalis.  Bilateral orchidectomy was done.  Medroxyprogesterone acetate 100 mg 3 times a week was given.  Symptoms improved but bone metastases progressed.  Progestins with or without estrogen are therefore recommended for cases of male breast carcinoma.  Derivatives of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone seem best.
Electromechanical Lag of the Left Ventricle
Authors: D. H. Spodick, S. Kumar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

The left ventricular electromechanical interval (EMI) was measured in 50 normal subjects using both the apex upstroke (ACGu) and mitral component of the first heart sound (IM) as endpoints, and was compared with the kinetocardiographic endpoint ("Initial Ventricular Movement"). ACGu yielded the shortest EMI, for which our value is: EMI=q—ACGu=22 ± 9·8 msec. q—ACGu is the logical electromechanical interval, because ACGu is the earliest clinically detectable mechanical activity, preceding the LV pressure upstroke and occurring only slightly later than changes experimentally registered by intramyocardial sensors.
BETA-BLOCKADE AND BLOOD-LEVELS AFTER LOW-DOSE ORAL PROPRANOLOL: THE HEPATIC "FIRST-PASS" THRESHOLD REVISITED
Authors: Roy Davies, Alberto Morganti, PauloL. Morselli, ThomasG. Pickering, Gabrio Bianchetti, John Romankiewicz, JohnH. Laragh
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
Estrogen and IGF-I Independently Down-Regulate Critical Repressors of Breast Cancer Growth.
Authors: A. Casa, A. Casa, S. Malik, S. Malik, Z. Lazard, I. Kuiatse, A. Tsimelzon, C. Creighton, S. Hilsenbeck, A. Lee, A. Lee, A. Lee, S. Oesterreich, S. Oesterreich, S. Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways are important for both normal mammary gland development and breast cancer pathogenesis. Despite this evidence, cross-talk between these two critical mitogenic and survival pathways remains poorly understood, particularly at the level of downstream gene transcriptional networks.Methods: We performed microarray analysis on ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells following stimulation with either estradiol (10nM) or IGF-I (10nM) for 3hr or 24hr. We defined an E2-IGF gene expression signature and examined the effect of the gene signature on time to recurrence in ER+ tumors in the publicly available NKI dataset. Q-RT-PCR was used to validate the effects of IGF-I and E2 on mRNA of repressed genes. To examine gene regulation further, MCF-7 cells were incubated with various signaling inhibitors and gene expression measured.Results: We found 183 probesets to be co-regulated by E2 and IGF-I after 3hr of stimulation and 454 probesets to be co-regulated at the 24hr time point. Patients with tumors that had the same set of genes up- and down-regulated had a poor outcome (p=7.04E-07). E2-IGF co-regulated genes showed a significant enrichment for down-regulated genes (p&amp;lt;0.001). The top 10% of down-regulated genes contained four (BLNK, SOCS2, CCNG2, and ING4) that have previously been shown to have tumor suppressor function and/or show loss in human breast tumors. We confirmed that E2 and IGF-I indeed repressed levels of these candidate genes. Blockade of ER by ICI 182780 (ICI) completely reversed E2-mediated repression but had little or no effect on IGF-mediated repression of these genes. Similarly, blockade of IGF-IR was able to completely reverse IGF-I-mediated repression of all four genes, but had essentially no effect upon E2-mediated repression. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway with LY294002 (20μM) affected short-term (3hr) down-regulation of BLNK and SOCS2 by both E2 and IGF-I, and CCNG2 by IGF-I. By 24 hours, LY completely reversed both E2 and IGF-I mediated repression of CCNG2, and significantly reversed both E2 and IGF-I repression of BLNK and SOCS2. Blockade of MEK1/2 with U0126 (10μM) had no effect on short-term repression by E2 or IGF-I, though after 24hr it affected both E2 and IGF-I repression of BLNK and SOCS2.Conclusions: E2 and IGF-I co-regulate a set of genes that affect breast cancer outcome. E2 and IGF-I down-regulate several critical tumor suppressor genes. While the down-regulation is independent of each other at the level of ER and IGF-IR, for some genes, there is convergence on the PI3K pathway for repression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126.
Neurosurgeons Assess Who's, What's, When's, Where's, How's of Brain Grafts
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

NEUROSURGEONS are asking journalism's classic "5<i>W</i>s and an<i>H</i>" as they attempt to refine techniques and indications for brain grafts in patients with Parkinson's disease. "They are now in the process of determining who, what, when, where, and how as they consider the best candidates and techniques for the procedure," Roy A. E. Bakay, MD, told the recent annual meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons in Washington, DC. Bakay, director of the General Registry of Adrenal and Fetal Transplantation (GRAFT), was explaining the role of his database in this process. Probably most of those involved would consider that the other "<i>W</i>"—why—now has been answered: to try to improve the prognosis of parkinsonism. Bakay, who is affiliated with the department of neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, said that the neurosurgeon's association had established the registry in 1987 as a central clearinghouse for the
Gallium-67 Citrate Scintigraphy in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, IDELLE M. WEISMAN, MICHAEL A. YEDINAK, MELVIN J. SPICER, GOTTLIEB L. TURNBULL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Eight cases of pulmonary embolism were evaluated with Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy. Of the eight patients, all but one showed evidence of abnormal Ga-67 citrate localization within involved regions of the lung as demonstrated by ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy. The sole patient who did not demonstrate Ga-67 localization within the lung had marked breast accumulation of the radiotracer which may have obscured lung parenchymal uptake. Since Ga-67 citrate is known to accumulate within inflammatory lung processes, this radiotracer would not have a specific role in differentiating pulmonary embolism from these conditions. This study disagrees with the results of other studies in the medical literature that describe such a role.
Scintigraphic Detection of a Pleuro-Biliary Fistula Post-Operative Complication of an Amebic Liver Abscess
Authors: MEHMET ??ZG??VEN, AHMET ALPER, NECMETTIN KARAEREN, EMEL ??ZT??RK, YAVUZ NARIN, BENG??L G??NALP, HiKMET BAYHAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 21-year-old man, who had an operation for an amebic abscess of the liver 6 months earlier, had fever and was experiencing dyspnea and chest pain. His chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion at the right lung base. A diagnostic thoracentesis was performed and a drainage tube placed. The gross appearance and laboratory analysis of the pleural effusion suggested a biliary fistula associated with his previous operation. A hepatobiliary scan, performed with 5 mCi of Tc-99m EHIDA (Etifenin), demonstrated the presence of a pleuro-biliary fistula, which was then confirmed by a retrograde radionuclide fistulogram and an endoscopic retrograde cholangiograph. Computed tomography and ultrasonography were nondiagnostic.
Variability of the Sperm Count
Authors: G. C. Kennedy, N. A. Richards, P. M. F. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1951)

STREPTOMYCIN AND VESTIBULAR FUNCTIONMEDITSHRNAL 559 dosage streptomycin will probably be widely used in the less severe types of tuberculosis.Even slight giddiness occurring in less than 10% of patients might make one hesitate to use chemotherapy in relatively mild cases.It is therefore important that there should be further investigation of the vestibular effects of streptomycin. SummaryThe effects of streptomycin on the vestibular apparatus were investigated in 76 cases under treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.Patients receiving 2 g. of streptomycin a day complained of giddiness almost four times as often as those receiving 1 g., and the giddiness was first noted significantly earlier.Nystagmus and abnormalities in the caloric tests were often associated with a complaint of giddiness.Clinical tests for co-ordination of movement, such as walking along a line with the eyes shut, were useful only when there was gross ataxia; minor degrees of ataxia were difficult to interpret in patients who had been confined to bed, and some cases with absent caloric responses had normal walking tests.Giddiness and nausea tended to occur in the same patients and at about the same time.An attempt was made to prevent vestibular damage by giving antihistamine drugs prophylactically to patients receiving streptomycin.The results suggest that some success was achieved, but the evidence is not conclusive.We are most grateful to the physicians of the Brompton Hospital under whom these patients were admitted; to Professor F. C. Ormerod, Dr. Geoffrey Marshall, and Dr. J. G. Scadding for help and advice; and, not least, to
Functional Modularity of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element Contributes to the Success of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lance R. Thurlow, Gauri S. Joshi, Justin R. Clark, Jeffrey S. Spontak, Crystal J. Neely, Robert Maile, Anthony R. Richardson
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
TET2 mutations in childhood leukemia
Authors: S M C Langemeijer, J H Jansen, J Hooijer, P van Hoogen, E Stevens-Linders, M Massop, E Waanders, S V van Reijmersdal, M J P L Stevens-Kroef, C M Zwaan, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, E Sonneveld, P M Hoogerbrugge, A Geurts van Kessel, R P Kuiper
Journal: Leukemia (2010)