tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Temporal, Multicity Model to Estimate the Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution on Health
Authors: Hwashin Hyun Shin, David M. Stieb, Barry Jessiman, Mark S. Goldberg, Orly Brion, Jeff Brook, Tim Ramsay, Richard T. Burnett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Countries worldwide are expending significant resources to improve air quality partly to improve the health of their citizens. Are these societal expenditures improving public health?We consider these issues by tracking the risk of death associated with outdoor air pollution over both space and time in Canadian cities.We propose two multi-year estimators that use current plus several previous years of data to estimate current year risk. The estimators are derived from sequential time series analyses using moving time windows. To evaluate the statistical properties of the proposed methods, a simulation study with three scenarios of changing risk was conducted based on 12 Canadian cities from 1981 to 2000. Then an optimal estimator was applied to 24 of Canada's largest cities over the 17-year period from 1984 to 2000.The annual average daily concentrations of ozone appeared to be increasing over the time period, whereas those of nitrogen dioxide were decreasing. However, the proposed method returns different time trends in public health risks. Evidence for some monotonic increasing trends in the annual risks is weak for O(3) (p = 0.3870) but somewhat stronger for NO(2) (p = 0.1082). In particular, an increasing time trend becomes apparent when excluding year 1998, which reveals lower risk than proximal years, even though concentrations of NO(2) were decreasing. The simulation results validate our two proposed methods, producing estimates close to the preassigned values.Despite decreasing ambient concentrations, public health risks related to NO(2) appear to be increasing. Further investigations are necessary to understand why the concentrations and adverse effects of NO(2) show opposite time trends.
Longevity of Sprint Fidelis Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Leads and Risk Factors for Failure
Authors: Robert G. Hauser, William H. Maisel, Paul A. Friedman, Linda M. Kallinen, Andrew S. Mugglin, Kapil Kumar, David O. Hodge, Thomas B. Morrison, David L. Hayes
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Sprint Fidelis (Fidelis) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads are prone to fractures that have caused adverse events, primarily inappropriate shocks, and a few reported deaths. More than 100 000 patients have Fidelis leads. No independent multicenter long-term performance information exists for this lead, and single-center studies suggest that certain patients are at increased risk for Fidelis failure. Our aim was to assess the longevity of Fidelis leads and to evaluate clinical variables and adverse events associated with Fidelis failure. The results were compared with like data for Quattro Secure (Quattro) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads implanted at our centers. Methods and Results— This 3-center study included adults ≥18 years of age who received Fidelis or Quattro leads for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. From November 2001 to January 2009,1023 Fidelis and 1668 Quattro leads were implanted and followed up. The failure rate for Fidelis leads was 2.81%/y compared with 0.43%/y for Quattro leads ( P &lt;0.0001). No deaths or injuries occurred as a result of lead failure, but 42% of fractures caused inappropriate shocks. The survival of Fidelis leads at 4 years was 87.0% (95% confidence interval, 83.6 to 90.1) compared with 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 97.9 to 99.4) for Quattro leads ( P &lt;0.0001). Multivariate predictors of Fidelis failure were younger age (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 0.99), female gender (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 1.00), and cardiac disease ( P =0.041). Conclusions— Compared with Quattro leads, the survival of Fidelis leads continues to decline, and Fidelis failure is notably higher in younger patients, women, individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or channelopathies. These findings have significant implications for the management of patients who have Fidelis leads, and they demonstrate the importance of weighing clinical variables in assessments of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead performance.
Traditional therapies in the management of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: an assessment of the benefits and risks
Authors: L. Naldi, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent disease that affects between 1% and 3% of the population. Patients with moderate to severe disease generally require phototherapy (e.g. narrowband ultraviolet B radiation), photochemotherapy (oral psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation) or systemic agents (e.g. ciclosporin, methotrexate, oral retinoids, fumaric acid esters) to control their disease adequately. In general, these therapeutic modalities have proven to be highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis. However, potentially serious toxicities can limit their long‐term use. Given that there is no standard therapeutic approach for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, the benefits and risks of phototherapy, photochemotherapy and systemic therapy must be weighed carefully for each patient, and treatment individualized accordingly. This review summarizes the benefits and risks of traditional, nonbiological therapies for moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis.
Endoscopic Pancreatography in Management of Relapsing Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: P. B. Cotton, J. S. M. Beales
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (E.R.C.P.) was attempted in 31 patients suffering from repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatograms were obtained in 25 patients. Twelve showed definite "surgical lesions" (obstructions, strictures, or pseudocysts). In at least three patients failure to obtain a pancreatogram was due to obstruction of pancreatic duct close to the papilla. Two patients, both with pseudocysts, developed a mild relapse of pancreatitis after the procedure. Surgical intervention based on the x-ray findings seemed beneficial in the short follow-up period.Endoscopic pancreatography can be of value in deciding when surgery is advisable for patients with relapsing acute pancreatitis and in determining the operative appreach. It is an advance in the management of a difficult clinical condition.
TCT-192 One Year Clinical And Angiographic Outcomes After Everolimus- And Paclitaxel-eluting Stent Implantation For Small Coronary Vessels In Diabetic Patients: Sub-analysis From PLUM And SACRA Registries
Authors: Yuji Oikawa, Tadanori Aizawa, Ryo Gotoh, Ren Kawaguchi, Yuya Nakagawa, Kenya Nasu, Atsunori Okamura, Shinichi Shirai, Takahide Suzuki, Takahiko Suzuki, Yoshihiro Takeda, Masaki Tanabe, Yuichi Ujiie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Twin Shared Environment Increases Risk of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Families
Authors: E.S. Alexander, L.J. Martin, J.P. Abonia, M.H. Collins, P.A. Succop, A.J. Greenler, E.S. Dellon, J.G. Demain, J.P. Franciosi, G.T. Furuta, L.E. Gurian, R.J. Hopp, A. Kaul, K. Nadeau, R.J. Noel, P.E. Putnam, K.F. von Tiehl, M.D. Eby, H. Foote, A.C. Ellison, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Titrating T‐Cell Epitopes within Self‐Assembled Vaccines Optimizes CD4+ Helper T Cell and Antibody Outputs
Authors: Rebecca R. Pompano, Jianjun Chen, Emily A. Verbus, Huifang Han, Arthur Fridman, Tessie McNeely, Joel H. Collier, Anita S. Chong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Epitope content plays a critical role in determining T‐cell and antibody responses to vaccines, biomaterials, and protein therapeutics, but its effects are nonlinear and difficult to isolate. Here, molecular self‐assembly is used to build a vaccine with precise control over epitope content, in order to finely tune the magnitude and phenotype of T helper and antibody responses. Self‐adjuvanting peptide nanofibers are formed by co‐assembling a high‐affinity universal CD4+ T‐cell epitope (PADRE) and a B‐cell epitope from Staphylococcus aureus at specifiable concentrations. Increasing the PADRE concentration from micromolar to millimolar elicited bell‐shaped dose‐responses that are unique to different T‐cell populations. Notably, the epitope ratios that maximize T follicular helper and antibody responses differed by an order of magnitude from those that maximized Th1 or Th2 responses. Thus, modular materials assembly provides a means of controlling epitope content and efficiently skewing the adaptive immune response in the absence of exogenous adjuvant; this approach may contribute to the development of improved vaccines and immunotherapies.
From publication to change
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Medical journals are not good at getting doctors to change their behaviour. There is a substantial gap between the evidence they publish and what doctors do. Nor unfortunately are teachers good at change. Much of the investment in the multimillion dollar industry of continuing medical education is misplaced. Now a group from Toronto has taken a step beyond continuing medical education and developed something they call “knowledge translation” (p 33). The group hopes to shorten the journey between evidence and effect.

Knowledge translation uses a wide range of methods to achieve change. It's set in practice rather than …
Drug Interactions: The Death Pen
Authors: Jeffrey Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their Editorial "Understanding Consequences of Concurrent Therapies," Peck et al<sup>1</sup>highlight some vital pharmacotherapeutic safety issues. However, a correct understanding of drug interactions often requires more careful distinctions among the drugs of a therapeutic class than are made in the editorial. A number of pharmacologic agents are substrates for the cytochrome P-450 2D6 enzyme, ie, they are extensively metabolized by this enzyme. Other therapeutic agents are known to be inhibitors of 2D6. Thus, the 2D6 enzyme is an important site for drug-drug interactions. Peck et al point out that the 2D6 enzyme "is responsible for the metabolism of a great many drugs" including the "newer antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine)." However, it is worth adding that there are substantial differences among these three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with regard to their metabolism by 2D6 and their potency in inhibiting the 2D6 enzyme. Fluoxetine and
Adipose-Derived Stems Cells and Their Role in Human Cancer Development, Growth, Progression, and Metastasis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kyle E. Freese, Lauren Kokai, Robert P. Edwards, Brian J. Philips, M. Aamir Sheikh, Joseph Kelley, John Comerci, Kacey G. Marra, J. Peter Rubin, Faina Linkov
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Obesity is a well recognized risk factor for several types of cancers, many of which occur solely or disproportionately in women. Adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), which have received attention for their role in cancer behavior. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the existing literature on the role of ASCs in the growth, development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, with an emphasis on malignancies that primarily affect women. To accomplish this goal, the bibliographic database PubMed was systematically searched for articles published between 2001 and 2014 that address ASCs' relationship to human cancer. Thirty-seven articles on ASCs' role in human cancer were reviewed. Literature suggests that ASCs exhibit cancer-promoting properties, influence/are influenced by the tumor microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and may be associated with pathogenic processes through a variety of mechanisms, such as playing a role in hypoxic tumor microenvironment. ASCs appear to be important contributors to tumor behavior, but research in areas specific to women's cancers, specifically endometrial cancer, is scarce. Also, because obesity continues to be a major health concern, it is important to continue research in this area to improve understanding of the impact adiposity has on cancer incidence.
P3-087: Phase II trial of sequenced bevacizumab and erlotinib with bevacizumab and chemotherapy for 1st line stage IIIB or IV Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Ezra E. Cohen, Mark F. Kozloff, Ann M. Mauer, Philip C. Hoffman, Theodore Karrison, Julie Schwegman, Livia Szeto, Ravi Salgia, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Compliance with mandatory reporting of clinical trial results on ClinicalTrials.gov: cross sectional study
Authors: A. P. Prayle, M. N. Hurley, A. R. Smyth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To examine compliance with mandatory reporting of summary clinical trial results (within one year of completion of trial) on ClinicalTrials.gov for studies that fall under the recent Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) legislation. <b>Design</b> Registry based study of clinical trial summaries. <b>Data sources</b> ClinicalTrials.gov, searched on 19 January 2011, with cross referencing with Drugs@FDA to determine for which trials mandatory reporting was required within one year. <b>Selection criteria</b> Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with US sites which completed between 1 January and 31 December 2009. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Proportion of trials for which results had been reported. <b>Results</b> The ClinicalTrials.gov registry contained 83 579 entries for interventional trials, of which 5642 were completed within the timescale of interest. We identified trials as falling within the mandatory reporting rules if they were covered by the FDAAA (trials of a drug, device, or biological agent, which have at least one US site, and are of phase II or later) and if they investigated a drug that already had approval from the Food and Drug Administration. Of these, 163/738 (22%) had reported results within one year of completion of the trial compared with 76/727 (10%) trials that were not subject to mandatory reporting (95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions 7.8% to 15.5%; χ<sup>2</sup> test, P=2.6×10<sup>−9</sup>). Later phase trials were more likely to report results (P=4.4×10<sup>−11</sup>), as were industry funded trials (P=2.2×10<sup>−16</sup>). <b>Conclusion</b> Most trials subject to mandatory reporting did not report results within a year of completion.
Tumor necrosis factor-a impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and stimulates local tissue plasminogen activator release in humans: Diverse vascular actions of a pleiotropic cytokine
Authors: Stanley Chia, Motaz Qadan, Richard Newton, Christopher A. Ludlam, Keith A. Fox, David E. Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Bulimia nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Valdo Ricca, Edoardo Mannucci, Teresa Zucchi, Carlo M. Rotella, Carlo Faravelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programmes for bulimia nervosa (BN) have been considerably refined during the last 2 decades, and such a treatment is now extensively used. The present paper describes the treatment rationale and structure, and reviews the available evidence on its efficacy. Compared to any other psychological or pharmacological treatment for which controlled studies have been published, CBT is reported to be more effective (the majority of studies), or at least as effective. A CBT programme for binge eating disorder (BED) has been created by adapting that of BN, but it has been less extensively evaluated in field trials. Even here, however, no other treatment has proven to be of greater efficacy than CBT. Various methodological limitations reduce the possibility of generalizing these findings. Moreover, CBT was found to be completely satisfactory neither for BN nor for BED, with moderate effectiveness and some limits. However, at the present state of treatment, no other therapeutical procedure seems to be more effective, more specific or more promising. It is speculated therefore that CBT could be presently considered the first-choice remedy for these severely disabling disorders.
Oil-Lubricated Colonoscopy: Easier and Less Painful?
Authors: E. Brocchi, R. Pezzilli, M. Bonora, P. Tomassetti, M. Romanelli, R. Corinaldesi
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Methods of lubrication are rarely considered to be a matter for study in gastrointestinal endoscopy. We evaluated a new technique, i. e. the release of seed oil in discrete amounts from the tip of the scope during colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: 346 consecutive patients prospectively underwent colonoscopy with a standard lubricating method (using water-soluble jelly; group A) or with the standard method plus seed oil (corn oil) instillations through the biopsy channel (group B). The following variables were evaluated in the two groups: the success rate for total intubation, and the time required to reach the cecum; the time needed to examine the colon at withdrawal; the detection rates for colorectal diseases; the level of pain and degree of difficulty associated with the examination. Patients in whom total colonoscopy was not achieved were asked to undergo a further examination in which the other lubricating technique was used. Results: Successful intubation to the cecum was significantly more frequent (P < 0.005) in the oil lubrication group (group B, 159/168) than in the control group (group A, 145/170), and less time was needed (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found with regard to time for examination at withdrawal and detection rates for colorectal diseases. Level of pain and degree of difficulty during colonoscopy were significantly lower in the oil group (P < 0.001). In the cross-over examinations done in patients in whom total colonoscopy was not achieved, no statistical difference was found between the two groups. We observed no side effects for patients or damage to the instrument. Conclusions: The proposed technique could be a simple, safe, and inexpensive method for easier and less painful colonoscopy; moreover, it might facilitate difficult examinations. Further studies are needed to confirm our data and to ensure that the use of this technique is not liable to damage the scope.
Eltrombopag restores trilineage hematopoiesis in refractory severe aplastic anemia that can be sustained on discontinuation of drug
Authors: Ronan Desmond, Danielle M. Townsley, Bogdan Dumitriu, Matthew J. Olnes, Phillip Scheinberg, Margaret Bevans, Ankur R. Parikh, Kinneret Broder, Katherine R. Calvo, Colin O. Wu, Neal S. Young, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2013)
A double-blind, placebo-controlled birch allergy vaccination study: Inhibition of CD23-mediated serum-IgE facilitated allergen presentation
Authors: J. van Neerven, M.B. Arvidson, H.H. Jacobi, S. Rak, S.H. Sparholt, P.A. Würtzen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Oral Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: S. B. Beaser
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A group of 115 diabetic patients were treated with oral antidiabetic agents from Jan 1, 1956, to June 1, 1963. Of these, 61 could be successfully maintained with a single sulfonylurea drug (tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, etc) for an average duration of 52 months. During this period, most patients required either gradual increase in dosage or potency of drug due to progressiveness of the diabetes. After failure of such therapy in the remaining 54 patients, they were treated with a combination of a sulfonylurea drug and phenformin. Of these, 47 patients could be successfully reregulated, and 42 persistently so for an average of 29 additional months, a total average duration of 59 months on oral treatment. Therapy was favorably affected by the recognition of the refractory nature of hyperglycemia and to the development of pharmacological techniques for its correction.
Immediate Repair of Penetrating Wounds of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: John L. Ochsner, William Zuber
Journal: JAMA (1963)

LACERATING INJURIES of the thoracic aorta usually are immediately fatal. However, a significant number of victims live long enough to be brought to the operating room if the diagnosis is considered early. Since the first successful repair of a penetrating injury to the thoracic aorta by Dschanelidze<sup>1</sup>in 1922, only ten isolated cases of immediate repair have been recorded.<sup>2-11</sup>Three patients lived long enough to have delayed repair of the thoracic aortic laceration<sup>12-14</sup>and the complications of these injuries (intracardiac and extracardiac fistula) were successfully treated in another ten instances.<sup>9,14-19</sup> With the present knowledge of cardiovascular techniques an aggressive approach will salvage many patients with laceration of the heart or great vessels. The following case is believed to be the first report of immediate repair of a gunshot wound of the ascending thoracic aorta. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On Dec 21, 1962, a white, 37-year-old man
Major Reform in Medical Licensure Laws
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

AT the end of a rather lackluster legislative year, the Massachusetts General Court has redeemed itself handsomely in the medicolegal field by enacting one of the most important reforms in medical-practice licensure in the history of the Commonwealth. On July 15, 1970, Governor Sargent signed into law a bill that carries out four major changes in the basic law in this field (Acts of 1970, Chapter 540).The primary objective of the reform measure is to remove a major obstacle to the licensing in Massachusetts of certain well qualified, mature, experienced physicians who wish to practice here and whose talents . . .
Stim1- and Orai1-mediated store-operated calcium entry is critical for angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Rui-wei Guo, Li-xia Yang, Mao-quan Li, Xing-hua Pan, Bei Liu, Yong-li Deng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimDespite the fact that angiotensin (Ang) II is a critical regulator of the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the effect of Ang II on VSMC proliferation has remained unclear. In this study, we determined whether Stim1- and Orai1-mediated store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry (SOCE) plays a critical role in Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation and Ang II-accelerated neointimal growth after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries.
Advances in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence
Authors: Patrick G. O’Connor
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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