tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Food for thought: endocannabinoid modulation of lipogenesis
Authors: Aron H. Lichtman, Benjamin F. Cravatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

An emerging body of evidence implicates peripheral and central endocannabinoid pathways in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. A report in this issue of the JCI demonstrates the presence of a common endocannabinoid-regulated molecular pathway for peripheral lipogenic and central appetitive regulation. This pathway involves the activation of the transcription factor SREBP-1c and its associated enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthase, in the liver and hypothalamus. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in liver plays a key role in increased serum lipid production, fatty liver, and possibly diet-induced obesity. Conversely, stimulation of these receptors in the hypothalamus may lead to an increase in food consumption. Thus, targeting both of these pathways with CB1 antagonists could promote sustained weight loss and favorable serum lipid profiles in obese patients.
The Longevity of Cambridge Sportsmen
Authors: Ll. W. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Background</h3> Countries around the world seek innovative ways of closing their remaining gaps towards the target of 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) knowing their status by 2030. Offering kits allowing HIV self-testing (HIVST) in private might help close these gaps. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the cost, use and linkage to onward care of 11 HIVST kit distribution models alongside the Self-Testing AfRica Initiative’s distribution of 2.2 million HIVST kits in South Africa in 2018/2019. Outcomes were based on telephonic surveys of 4% of recipients; costs on a combination of micro-costing, time-and-motion and expenditure analysis. Costs were calculated from the provider perspective in 2019 US$, as incremental costs in integrated and full costs in standalone models. <h3>Results</h3> HIV positivity among kit recipients was 4%–23%, with most models achieving 5%–6%. Linkage to confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for those screening positive was 19%–78% and 2%–72% across models. Average costs per HIVST kit distributed varied between $4.87 (sex worker model) and $18.07 (mobile integration model), with differences largely driven by kit volumes. HIVST kit costs (at $2.88 per kit) and personnel costs were the largest cost items throughout. Average costs per outcome increased along the care cascade, with the sex worker network model being the most cost-effective model across metrics used (cost per kit distributed/recipient screening positive/confirmed positive/initiating ART). Cost per person confirmed positive for HIVST was higher than standard HIV testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HIV self-test distribution models in South Africa varied widely along four characteristics: distribution volume, HIV positivity, linkage to care and cost. Volume was highest in models that targeted public spaces with high footfall (flexible community, fixed point and transport hub distribution), followed by workplace models. Transport hub, workplace and sex worker models distributed kits in the least costly way. Distribution via index cases at facility as well as sex worker network distribution identified the highest number of PLHIV at lowest cost.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae (Cpn) - Induced in Vitro Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Responses of PBMC From Asthmatics
Authors: Kobkul Chotikanatis, Diana Weaver, Danielle Lent, Eva Estrella, Margaret R. Hammerschlag, Rauno O. Joks, Stephan A. Kohlhoff
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The association between noise exposure and blood pressure and ischemic heart disease: a meta-analysis.
Authors: Elise E M M van Kempen, Hanneke Kruize, Hendriek C Boshuizen, Caroline B Ameling, Brigit A M Staatsen, Augustinus E M de Hollander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

It has been suggested that noise exposure is associated with blood pressure changes and ischemic heart disease risk, but epidemiologic evidence is still limited. Furthermore, most reviews investigating these relations were not carried out in a systematic way, which makes them more prone to bias. We conducted a meta-analysis of 43 epidemiologic studies published between 1970 and 1999 that investigate the relation between noise exposure (both occupational and community) and blood pressure and/or ischemic heart disease (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 410-414). We studied a wide range of effects, from blood pressure changes to a myocardial infarction. With respect to the association between noise exposure and blood pressure, small blood pressure differences were evident. Our meta-analysis showed a significant association for both occupational noise exposure and air traffic noise exposure and hypertension: We estimated relative risks per 5 dB(A) noise increase of 1.14 (1.01-1.29) and 1.26 (1.14-1.39), respectively. Air traffic noise exposure was positively associated with the consultation of a general practitioner or specialist, the use of cardiovascular medicines, and angina pectoris. In cross-sectional studies, road traffic noise exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction and total ischemic heart disease. Although we can conclude that noise exposure can contribute to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the evidence for a relation between noise exposure and ischemic heart disease is still inconclusive because of the limitations in exposure characterization, adjustment for important confounders, and the occurrence of publication bias.
Plasma lipids and urinary excretion of catecholamines in man during experimentally induced emotional stress, and their modification by nicotinic acid
Authors: Lars A. Carlson, Lennart Levi, Lars Orö
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

33 male volunteers were studied in the morning after fasting overnight. 11 (the control group) were allowed to sit comfortably for three consecutive 2-hr periods, no stressors or treatment being introduced. The remaining 22 were divided into two groups, each being exposed to standardized, emotional stressors during the second of the three 2-hr periods. The subjects in one of these groups were each given a total dose of 3 g of nicotinic acid during the first 3 hr of the experiment, whereas the other group received no treatment.
Anomalous Atrioventricular Excitation Produced by Catheterization of the Normal Human Heart
Authors: CHARLES E. KOSSMANN, ADOLPH R. BERGER, STANLEY A. BRILLER, BERTHA RADER, JOSEPH BRUMLÍK
Journal: Circulation (1950)

During the withdrawal of a catheter-electrode through the right ventricle of 2 normal subjects the electrogram displayed briefly a short P-R interval and an aberrant QRS. In the simultaneously recorded standard lead, the phenomenon simulated what is seen in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The findings are presented in support of the physiologic, rather than anatomic, explanation for anomalous atrioventricular excitation.
Recurrent Jaundice of Pregnancy
Authors: Herman J. Hausheer, Daniel J. Lauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ALTHOUGH there have been numerous reports in the European literature on a syndrome of recurrent jaundice in late pregnancy we have found only sparse reference to it in the American literature. The etiology of this syndrome is unknown, but the clinical and laboratory findings are sufficiently distinctive to separate it from other causes of jaundice. Since the differential diagnosis of jaundice in pregnancy is obviously of great importance, we consider the following detailed case history justified.Case ReportF.B., a 27-year-old woman, was admitted to the Kansas City General Hospital on April 20, 1960, because of jaundice of 2 weeks' . . .
Control of Differentiation, Transformation, and Apoptosis in Granulosa Cells by Oncogenes, Oncoviruses, and Tumor Suppressor Genes*
Authors: Abraham Amsterdam, Natarajagounder Selvaraj
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1997)

I. Introduction II. Protooncogene Expression and Follicular Cell Development A. Expression of myc, jun, and fos in granulosa cells B. Expression of c-kit protooncogene and its ligand steel/kit in the ovary III. Tumor Suppressor Genes, Death Genes, and Survival Genes in Granulosa Cells A. Expression of Fas antigen and its ligand in the ovary B. Modulation of gene expression IV. Immortalization of Primary Granulosa Cells by Oncogenes and Oncoviruses A. Establishment of immortalized granulosa cells expressing gonadotropin receptors V. Mechanism of Induction of Differentiation in Oncogene-Transformed Cells A. Expression of adrenal 4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor-1 B. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein C. Expression of sterol carrier protein 2 and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor D. Induction of steroidogenesis in immortalized granulosa cells E. Expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin F. Involvement of the cytoskeleton in granulosa cell differentiation, transformation, an...
The inactivation gate of the Shaker K+ channel behaves like an open-channel blocker
Authors: Susan D. Demo, Gary Yellen
Journal: Neuron (1991)

Following voltage-dependent activation, Drosophila Shaker K+ channels enter a nonconducting, inactivated state. This process has been proposed to occur by a "ball-and-chain" mechanism, in which the N-terminus of the protein behaves like a blocker tethered to the cytoplasmic side of the channel and directly occludes the pore to cause inactivation. To complement the ample evidence for the involvement of the N-terminus, we sought evidence that it blocks the pore directly. We found that inactivation exhibits several distinctive properties of pore blockade. First, recovery was speeded by increased external K+ concentrations, just as blockade can be relieved by trans-permeant ions. Second, single-channel experiments show that the channel reopens from the inactivated state upon repolarization. These openings were usually required for recovery, as though the blocking particle must exit the pore before the channel can close.
SIMILAR HOSPITAL BUT IMPAIRED 1-YEAR OUTCOME OF MI IN DIABETICS VERSUS NON-DIABETICS IN THE ERA OF STRINGENT REPERFUSION THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE OPTAMI REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Jan Karcher, Kleopatra Kouraki, Uwe Zeymer, Ralf Zahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Granulomas of the Skin Due to<i>Mycobacterium balnei</i>after Abrasions from a Fish Tank
Authors: Sheldon Swift, Harold Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

FOR about twenty years the literature has contained occasional reports of granulomatous skin lesions that have followed abrasions acquired in certain swimming pools.1 2 3 4 Some of these reports were of large outbreaks involving many patients, the largest occurring in Colorado during the summer of 1959.5 , 6 Some 300 patients were investigated in this epidemic. The etiologic agent, an acid-fast organism named Mycobacterium balnei, was identified by Linell and Norden7 and recorded in 1954. The condition has been aptly named "swimming-pool granuloma."Acid-fast organisms have previously been isolated from diseased fish. In 1942 Baker and Hagan8 found Myco. platypoecilus in tropical fresh-water . . .
Taspase1-dependent TFIIA cleavage coordinates head morphogenesis by limiting Cdkn2a locus transcription
Authors: Shugaku Takeda, Satoru Sasagawa, Toshinao Oyama, Adam C. Searleman, Todd D. Westergard, Emily H. Cheng, James J. Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Head morphogenesis requires complex signal relays to enable precisely coordinated proliferation, migration, and patterning. Here, we demonstrate that, during mouse head formation, taspase1-mediated (TASP1-mediated) cleavage of the general transcription factor TFIIA ensures proper coordination of rapid cell proliferation and morphogenesis by maintaining limited transcription of the negative cell cycle regulators p16Ink4a and p19Arf from the Cdkn2a locus. In mice, loss of TASP1 function led to catastrophic craniofacial malformations that were associated with inadequate cell proliferation. Compound deficiency of Cdkn2a, especially p16Ink4a deficiency, markedly reduced the craniofacial anomalies of TASP1-deficent mice. Furthermore, evaluation of mice expressing noncleavable TASP1 targets revealed that TFIIA is the principal TASP1 substrate that orchestrates craniofacial morphogenesis. ChIP analyses determined that noncleaved TFIIA accumulates at the p16Ink4a and p19Arf promoters to drive transcription of these negative regulators. In summary, our study elucidates a regulatory circuit comprising proteolysis, transcription, and proliferation that is pivotal for construction of the mammalian head.
Response to Commentaries on “Is There a Rural Ethics Literature?”<sup>1</sup>
Authors: William A. Nelson, Andrew S. Pomerantz, William B. Weeks
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

"Response to Commentaries on “Is There a Rural Ethics Literature?” 1 ." The American Journal of Bioethics, 6(4), pp. W46–W47 Notes 1. The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or of the United States Government.
PRIMARY UNILATERAL OPTIC ATROPHY IN A CHILD, FOLLOWING FRACTURE OF THE SKULL
Authors: AARON BRAV
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The value of a negative reaction has been studied and its reliability confirmed by the negative reactions obtained in nonsyphilitic affections of the skin.In a series of necropsies in which it was demonstrated pathologically that the aorta was free from syphilitic disease, negative reactions were obtained in 91 per cent.The conclusions of Dr. Symmers and his co-workers are shown to be fallacious and a misrepresentation of facts owing to :1.The apparent disregard of the different results obtained by various serologie methods and the employ¬ ment of a questionable technic.2. The careless survey of pathologic material.
Angiography for Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta
Authors: Robert E. Dinsmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

MODERN surgery has dramatically increased the chance of survival of patients with dissecting aneurysm of the aorta.1 As a result, it is no longer enough simply to confirm the diagnosis in a suspected case. If the patient is to be operated upon, a precise, detailed evaluation of the aorta is necessary, since successful surgery depends upon removal and graft replacement of a segment of aorta including the proximal intimal tear. Thus, there has been renewed interest in the angiographic aspects of dissecting aneurysm, much of it centered upon a difference of opinion about the manner in which the examination is . . .
In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Blasts at Different Stages of Immunophenotypic Maturation Have Stem Cell Properties
Authors: Christoph le Viseur, Marc Hotfilder, Simon Bomken, Kerrie Wilson, Silja Röttgers, André Schrauder, Annegret Rosemann, Julie Irving, Ronald W. Stam, Leonard D. Shultz, Jochen Harbott, Heribert Jürgens, Martin Schrappe, Rob Pieters, Josef Vormoor
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Plasma Lipoproteins and Coronary Artery Disease.
Authors: M. Aviram
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Plasma Lipoproteins and Coronary Artery Disease. Get access Michael Aviram Michael Aviram Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Page 143, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.143A Published: 01 January 1994
Percutaneous Biopsy Based on PET/CT Findings in Cancer Patients
Authors: Almir G. V. Bitencourt, Chiang J. Tyng, Paula N. V. Pinto, Maria Fernanda A. Almeida, Livia C. Meyrellis, Renata P. Pinheiro, Eduardo N. P. Lima, Rubens Chojniak
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Objective: To describe a technique for CT-guided biopsy based on PET/CT findings and to evaluate the indications and results of the technique in cancer patients. Methods: We evaluated all patients receiving CT-guided percutaneous biopsies whose indication was based on PET/CT findings at an oncology reference center from October 2009 to December 2010. The PET/CT images were evaluated side by side with noncontrast CT images to identify the lesion or area of interest to be biopsied. Biopsies were guided by CT with the needle directed at the area of metabolic activity identified in the PET/CT examination performed before the procedure. Results: A total of 64 cases were included in this study. The most common lesion location was pulmonary (n = 28; 43.8%). The median of the lesions' greatest diameter and maximum SUV were 44.1 ± 31.6 mm (10–186 mm) and 8.4 ± 5.9 (2.1–34.0), respectively. The histologic results of the biopsies were negative for malignancy in 15 cases (23.4%), positive in 46 cases (71.9%), and inconclusive in 3 cases (4.7%). Lesions with an SUV ≥4.0 were more likely to be malignant (85.4% vs. 46.2%; P = 0.006). Conclusions: CT-guided biopsies should be used routinely for lesions identified or better characterized by PET/CT. The results of this study demonstrate that this method is reliable, secure, and very accurate diagnostically, revealing a high percentage of malignant lesions.
Radioisotope Techniques in Clinical Cardiology
Authors: Stewart M. Spies
Journal: JAMA (1978)

NOTEWORTHY recent advances in both nuclear imaging instrumentation and radiopharmaceutical sciences have been largely responsible for the current revolution in nuclear cardiovascular procedures. The majority of these newer techniques do not require exotic equipment or investigational compounds and can be performed efficiently and accurately in most community hospitals with nuclear medicine facilities. This report describes the current state of the art in nuclear cardiology, with special emphasis given to those techniques that at least preliminarily have shown themselves to be useful in the day-to-day care of cardiac patients. A brief discussion of some exciting new techniques that are currently under investigation will follow. It is thus hoped that the reader will have a feeling for both the current status and the direction of cardiovascular nuclear medicine.  Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction  The great prevalence of coronary artery atherosclerosis in our society and the rapid advances being made in the area
On the issue of exercise normalcy
Authors: J. A. Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has evolved as a useful tool for evaluation of exercise capacity in apparently healthy subjects. In the clinical arena, CPET is widely used to judge exercise “normalcy” in individuals with a suspected disorder and patients with several potential causes of exercise limitation 1. In order to establish “abnormality”, however, it is crucial to obtain representative frames of reference to interpret the (lack of) appropriateness of the systemic responses to exertion. Unfortunately, this is not a trivial task in the nonathletic subject as there are multiple confounding factors, especially behavioural characteristics such as the level of regular physical activity. Not surprisingly, there are only a few sets of reference values for clinical CPET interpretation which have survived the proof of time and are currently used worldwide 1.

In this context, the study recently published in the European Respiratory Journal by Koch et al. 2 is welcomed. After evaluating a large sample of apparently healthy …
Nosocomial hepatitis A. A multinursery outbreak in Wisconsin
Authors: B. S. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Seven premature infants contracted asymptomatic hepatitis A while hospitalized in an intensive care nursery (nursery A) from May through August 1981. Fifteen secondary cases occurred between Aug 13 and Oct 14 and included six family members of nursery A infants, five nursery A nurses, and three nurses and a physician at two other nurseries--B and C. Nurseries B and C had each received an infected infant transferred from nursery A in July. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to determine the mode of transmission of hepatitis A in infants. A common vehicle was not identified. Review of dates of onset of illness in adults suggested that hepatitis A was transmitted in at least two generations of illness in infants at nursery A. Evaluation of infant handling in nursery A, using a case-control study, suggested that hepatitis A was transmitted among infants by nurses. Asymptomatic infected premature infants can be a source of hepatitis A in nursery infants and personnel and in the community.
Use of Arterial Transfer Functions for the Derivation of Central Aortic Waveform Characteristics in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kieren Mather, Richard Lewanczuk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Avolio, Cockcroft, and O’Rourke (1) raise some valid concerns regarding the approach taken by Hope et al. (2) in generating and validating an arterial transfer function in subjects with diabetes. The rigorous evaluation …
The Fibroblast — A Ubiquitous Ally for the Surgeon
Authors: J. Englebert Dunphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

HAVING grown up, medically speaking, and lived for thirty years in the sunlight and shadows of Shattuck Street before moving westward, I am especially pleased and deeply honored to deliver the seventy-third annual Shattuck Lecture. George Cheyne Shattuck, the elder, for whom this lecture is named, was president of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1836 to 1840, the very years during which Theodor Schwann, peering through an early light microscope, was identifying and describing "the fibre-cells of areolar tissue" that are the subject of my lecture. Today, a hundred and twenty-odd years later, the study of connective tissue embraces all . . .
Potential endocervical pathogens before termination.
Authors: J. C. Konje, P. N. Hooker, R. M. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Potential endocervical pathogens before termination EDITOR, -Mike Cohn and Peter Stewart report the prevalence of potential pathogens in the cervical canal before termination ofpregnancy.'An associa- tion between one of these pathogens (Chlamydia trachomatis) and increased morbidity after termination of pregnancy has also been reported.24We recently conducted an audit of the effect of screening for C trachomatis (MicroTrak, Syva) and treatment in women seeking termination of pregnancy at Taunton and Somerset Hospitals.We
Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. V. Reversal of trinitrophenyl-modified self suppression of the B-cell response by blocking of H-2 antigens.
Authors: J J Jandinski, J Li, P J Wettstein, J A Frelinger, D W Scott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Trinitrophenylated syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) are potent tolerogens of the anti-TNP plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in vivo and in vitro. This unresponsive state requires T cells for both its induction and maintenance. Because H-2K/D-restricted cytotoxic T cells are also induced by exposure to TNP-SC, we determined the role(s) of histocompatibility antigens (K, I, and D) in the suppression of the PFC response by TNP-SC. We treated syngeneic TNP-modified stimulator cells with antiserum directed at K-, I-, or D-region determinants and found that blocking of H-2K or D antigens on TNP-SC transformed these tolerogens into immunogens capable of eliciting an anti-TNP PFC response in the absence of extrinsic immunogens like TNP-polymerized flagellin. In H-2k or H-2a(k/d) mice, only H-2Kk needs to be blocked on the stimulator cells, whereas H-2K or D recognition was apparent in B10.A(4R) mice. These observations indicate that suppression of the PFC response by TNP-SC shows the same restriction in recognition as does the cytotoxic T-cell response. Furthermore, our results suggest that TNP-I-A is recognized by the helper cells in this system as the intrinsic antigen. When both TNP-K and TNP-I-A are present and available on the same stimulator cell, suppression (via modified K recognition) is dominant over help.