tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: report of a family with evidence of a keratin 2e mutation, and a review of the literature
Authors: None BASARAB, None SMITH, None JOLLIFFE, None MCLEAN, None NEILL, None RUSTIN, None EADY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report a large family with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS) including eight affected members spanning three generations. The classical features of the disease were consistently observed with blistering, superficial peeling of the skin, and localized lichenified hyperkeratosis mainly confined to the limbs. Phenotypic variation, however, was also observed with some individuals exhibiting unusual clinical features. Specifically, the index patient was erythrodermic at birth; she subsequently developed a widespread pustular eruption. Erythroderma is classically absent in IBS and pustulation is very unusual. She also had hypertrichosis of the limbs, as did an affected female first cousin. This has not previously been reported in IBS. Electron microscopy showed complex aggregates of keratin in the spinous and granular layers associated, in places, with remarkably little cell lysis. Sequencing of genomic DNA revealed a mutation (E493K) in keratin 2e. A review of the literature on IBS indicates that E493K is the most commonly reported mutation to date and might represent a mutational hotspot for this disease.
Incidence and Prognosis of Synchronous and Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Mikael Hartman, Kamila Czene, Marie Reilly, Jan Adolfsson, Jonas Bergh, Hans-Olov Adami, Paul W. Dickman, Per Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Because the incidence of breast cancer is increasing and prognosis is improving, a growing number of women are at risk of developing bilateral disease. Little is known, however, about incidence trends and prognostic features of bilateral breast cancer. Patients and Methods Among 123,757 women with a primary breast cancer diagnosed in Sweden from 1970 to 2000, a total of 6,550 developed bilateral breast cancer. We separated synchronous (diagnosed within 3 months after a first breast cancer) and metachronous bilateral cancer, and analyzed incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer using Poisson regression models. Results The incidence of synchronous breast cancer increased by age and by 40% during the 1970s, whereas the incidence of metachronous cancer decreased by age and by approximately 30% since the early 1980s, most likely due to increasing use of adjuvant therapy. Women who developed bilateral cancer within 5 years and at age younger than 50 years were 3.9 times (95% CI, 3.5 to 4.5) more likely to die as a result of breast cancer than women with unilateral cancer. Women with a bilateral cancer diagnosed more than 10 years after the first cancer had a prognosis similar to that of a unilateral breast cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy of primary cancer is a predictor of poor survival after diagnosis of early metachronous cancers. Conclusion We found profound differences in the incidence trends and prognostic outlook between synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer diagnosed at different ages. Adjuvant chemotherapy therapy has a dual effect on metachronous cancer: it reduces the risk, while at the same time it seems to worsen the prognosis.
AN EPIDEMIC IN A MOUSE COLONY DUE TO THE VIRUS OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS
Authors: Erich Traub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

A filtrable virus, identical with that which causes acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis, has been found to cause a disease in white mice. Naturally infected mice usually show no symptoms, but such animals inoculated intracerebrally with sterile bouillon or other materials develop characteristic symptoms. The same symptoms are produced by intracerebral injection of the virus into mice from a disease-free stock. Guinea pigs are very susceptible and are therefore useful for detecting the virus and for neutralization tests. The disease in both naturally infected and inoculated animals is discussed and the pathological findings given.
Increased Mortality Risks of Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Fasting Glucose) in Taiwan
Authors: Chi Pang Wen, Ting Yuan David Cheng, Shan Pou Tsai, Hui Ling Hsu, Shu Li Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this article was to assess mortality risks at different levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Taiwan, with particular attention to those pre-diabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Governmental employees and schoolteachers were followed up for an average of 11 years. With the use of Cox regression analyses, mortality risks were calculated for 36,386 subjects, aged 40–69. RESULTS—FBG ≥110 mg/dl was associated with increased mortality risks for all causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes. IFG, when defined as 110–125 mg/dl, was associated with a significant increase for CVD and/or diabetes mortality. These mortality risks remained elevated when known CVD risk factors were adjusted for. The IFG group shared risk factor characteristics more with the FBG ≥126 mg/dl group than with the FBG &amp;lt;110 mg/dl group. When IFG was defined as 100–125 mg/dl, the number of subjects quadrupled, but mortality risks diminished substantially because of the inclusion of 100–109 mg/dl group. The lowest FBG group, 50–75 mg/dl, had a significant 2-fold risk from all causes. CONCLUSIONS—There was an overall J-shaped relationship between all-cause mortality and FBG. IFG, when defined as 110–125 mg/dl, is an independent risk factor and should be aggressively treated as a disease because its subsequent mortality risks for CVD and diabetes were significantly increased. The newly defined IFG at 100–125 mg/dl did not have the predictive power for later increases in CVD or diabetes mortality.
Radionuclide Pulmonary Arteriography
Authors: SHELDON BAUM, MARC B. d'AVIGNON, ROBERT F. LATSHAW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Radionuclide pulmonary arteriography offers a unique method for visualizing the main pulmonary artery and its major branches. Since the radioactive particles that are injected intravenously become lodged in the pulmonary capillaries and pre-capillary arterioles, there is no interference from the systemic circulation. Normally, the main pulmonary artery is visualized for no longer than 4 or 6 seconds; prolongation of the duration of visualization may be indicative of, for example, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism. The patency of the left and right pulmonary arteries may be determined and sites of occlusion identified.
Comparison of a Radiofrequency-Based Wireless Pressure Sensor to Swan-Ganz Catheter and Echocardiography for Ambulatory Assessment of Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Heart Failure
Authors: Hugo E. Verdejo, Pablo F. Castro, Roberto Concepción, Marcela A. Ferrada, Mario A. Alfaro, Milton E. Alcaíno, Carlos C. Deck, Robert C. Bourge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 2014: Modulation of DNA methyltransferases in leukemia cells by curcumin and its associated anti-leukemia activities
Authors: Zhongfa Liu, Hongyan Wang, Lai-chu Wu, Zhiliang Xie, Liping Du, Xiaokui Mo, Ming Chiu, Danilo Perrotti, Michael Grever, John C. Byrd, Shujun Liu, Guido Marcucci, Kenneth K. Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Curcumin, a natural product of curcuma longa and a safe and widely consumed spice, has been shown to exhibit strong in-vitro and in-vivo anti-tumor activity through the inhibition of NF-κB activity, increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decrease of the global DNA methylation levels in leukemia cells. We investigated here the molecular mechanisms of down-regulation of DNA Methyltransferases in leukemia cells by curcumin and its associated anti-leukemia activities. Method: Leukemia cell lines MV4-11, Kasumi-1 and K562 cells and primary leukemia cells from patient with AML were treated with 1-30 μM of curcumin and MV4-11 xenografted nu/nu athymic mice was given i.p. curcumin at 100 mg/kg, and the transcription and protein levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, Sp1, p15INK4B and p21 were assessed by either RT-PCR or western blot. The inhibition of NF-κB was determined using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays and the disruption of Sp1-NF-κB/DNMTs promoter complex was investigated by anti-body gel supershifts. The hypomethylating activity of curcumin on the promoter of p15INK4B in MV4-11 cells in-vitro was assessed by a LC-MS/MS method for regional DNA methylation. The anti-proliferative activity of curcumin and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated using MTS assay and flow cytometry. Results: In addition to the pre-defined direct inhibition of the enzymatic activity of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), curcumin disrupts Sp1/NF-κB complex on DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b promoter thereby decreasing the transactivation activity of these complexes and down-regulating their mRNA and protein expression levels in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these findings, we showed that promoter hypermethylation of silenced TSGs i.e., p15INK4B decreased while their expression was up-regulated. This results in the increase of protein function, as we showed that in association with p15INK4B re-expression, curcumin induced cell cycle arrest in the S-phase and increase in SubG1 cell fraction, thereby resulting in significant anti-leukemia activity. Conclusion: Different from nucleoside analogs (e.g., azanucleosides), curcumin is an effective S-phase independent DNA methylation inhibitor. Further evaluation of curcumin as a single agent and in combination with other epigenetic targeting compounds in human disease is warranted. Supported by NIH-NCI-R21 CA135478 [ZL], NIH-NCI-RO1 CA102031 [GM], and the BioMedical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory [KC &amp; ZL]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2014. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2014
IL28B polymorphisms predict reduction of HCV RNA from the first day of therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P.-Y. Bochud, S. Bibert, F. Negro, B. Haagmans, A. Soulier, C. Ferrari, G. Missale, S. Zeuzem, J.-M. Pawlotsky, S. Schalm, K. Hellstrand, A.U. Neumann, M. Lagging
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A seaman with blindness and confusion
Authors: L. J Schep, R. J Slaughter, J A. Vale, D M. G Beasley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A male member of a fishing boat crew presented at a rural hospital 36 hours after having consumed a large amount of “bootleg” (home made) vodka. He had loss of vision and seemed to be confused. He was immediately evacuated by helicopter to a large urban hospital emergency department. On arrival, the patient developed seizures followed by circulatory shock.



### Short answers

### Long answers

#### 1 Diagnosis

This patient’s history of drinking illicit alcohol and the onset of visual impairment, confusion, seizures, and circulatory …
In vitro release of arachidonic acid and in vivo responses to respirable fractions of cotton dust.
Authors: T A Thomson, J H Edwards, T S Al-Zubaidy, R C Brown, A Poole, P J Nicholls
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

It was considered that the fall in lung function seen after exposure to cotton dust may be attributable in part to the activity of arachidonic acid metabolites, such as leucotrienes as well as to the more established release of histamine by cotton dust. However, we found that cotton and barley dusts elicited poor release of arachidonic acid from an established macrophage like cell line compared with that observed with other organic dusts. In the experimental animal, pulmonary cellular responses to both cotton and barley dust were similar to those evoked by moldy hay and pigeon dropping dusts, although after multiple doses a more severe response was seen to cotton and barley. Since both moldy hay and pigeon droppings elicit a greater arachidonic acid release than cotton or barley, a role for arachidonic acid in inducing the cellular response is less likely than other factors. There are limitations to our conclusions using this system, i.e., the arachidonic acid may be released in a nonmetabolized form, although it is noted that the two dusts with the greatest arachidonic acid release produce their clinical responses in humans largely by hypersensitivity mechanisms.
The Lundh test in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease: A review of five years' experience
Authors: A. Mottaleb, F. Kapp, E. C. A. Noguera, T. D. Kellock, H. S. Wiggins, S. L. Waller
Journal: Gut (1973)

An analysis of 523 Lundh tests performed on 492 patients over a five-year period has been made. The results suggest that the test is a simple, cheap, and reliable procedure for the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and is suitable for both specialized units and general hospitals. It is particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with steatorrhoea or obstructive jaundice and can often distinguish between malignant and benign lesions, as well as indicating the site of the obstruction. It is of lesser value in the diagnosis of abdominal pain.
Antiviral therapy after complete response to chemotherapy could be efficacious in HCV-positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Vincenzo La Mura, Amalia De Renzo, Fabiana Perna, Diego D’Agostino, Mario Masarone, Marco Romano, Savino Bruno, Roberto Torella, Marcello Persico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
PERSISTENT HYPOPHOSPHATÆMIA AND OSTEOMALACIA IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS NOT ON ORAL PHOSPHATE-BINDERS: RESPONSE TO DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL THERAPY
Authors: K.Y. Ahmed, M.R. Wills, R.K. Skinner, Z. Varghese, E. Meinhard, R.A. Baillod, J.F. Moorhead
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Oral Lactoferrin Results in T Cell–Dependent Tumor Inhibition of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Jeffrey S. Wolf, Guoyan Li, Atul Varadhachary, Karel Petrak, Mark Schneyer, Daqing Li, Julina Ongkasuwan, Xiaoyu Zhang, Rodney J. Taylor, Scott E. Strome, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Human lactoferrin is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that inhibits cancer growth. Our purpose was to evaluate recombinant human lactoferrin as a chemotherapeutic agent against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Experimental Design: Controlled experiments both in vitro and in the murine model evaluating both the effect and mechanism of lactoferrin on cancer growth. Results: In both human and murine cell lines, lactoferrin induced dose-dependent growth inhibition. Using flow cytometric analysis, lactoferrin was shown to induce G1-G0 growth arrest. This arrest seemed to be modulated by down-regulation of cyclin D1. In the in vitro model, luminex data revealed that lactoferrin inhibited cellular release of proinflammatory and prometastatic cytokines, including interleukin-8, interleukin-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Lactoferrin up-regulated the cellular activation of nuclear factor-κB within 4 h of cellular exposure. In C3h/HeJ mice implanted with SCCVII tumors, orally delivered lactoferrin inhibited tumor growth by 75% compared with control mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of harvested tumors revealed up to 20-fold increases of lymphocytes within treated animals. When mice were depleted of CD3+ cells, all lactoferrin-induced tumor inhibition was abrogated. Conclusion: We conclude that human recombinant lactoferrin can inhibit the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via direct cellular inhibition as well as systemically via immunomodulation. Our data support the study of human lactoferrin as an immunomodulatory compound with therapeutic potential.
High-Intensity Statin Treatment for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Frank M. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Diagnostic radiation exposure and cancer risk
Authors: M B Frenz
Journal: Gut (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Most animals digest their food within their own bodies, but some do not. Many species of ants grow fungus gardens that pre-digest food as an essential step of the ants’ nutrient uptake. To better understand this digestion process, we generated a 3D molecular map of an <i>Atta texana</i> fungus garden, revealing chemical modifications mediated by the fungus garden as plant material passes through.
UK fares well in survey of primary care, but US doesn't
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The United Kingdom is a leader in electronic patient records and reminder systems, an international survey of about 7000 primary care doctors shows. The UK also leads in providing care by nurses or doctors outside working hours (and outside the emergency room), in taking a team approach to care of patients with multiple or chronic illnesses, and in offering doctors financial incentives to improve their quality of care, the survey, which was carried out in seven countries, found. 

“The US outspends the other countries. Total per capita costs in 2003 [in the US] came to $5635 [£2950, €4400] compared to $2231 in the UK. Yet US primary care physician practices are more limited than the leading …
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with an angiocentric growth pattern: association with Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: N. MISAGO, K. OHSHIMA, S. AIURA, M. KIKUCHI, H. KOHDA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a case of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with an angiocentric growth pattern. The lesions had been confined for about 2.5 years to the skin, but there had been a gradual progression of the disease both clinically and histologically. We assessed the neoplastic clonality and the presence of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus genome in this case using immunohistochemistry, Southern blot analysis and RNA in situ hybridization. Clonal proliferation of a CD4+ alpha beta T-cell phenotype was demonstrated. In addition, the clonal population harboured the EB virus genome, which suggested that the virus was involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The patient has remained in remission for 10 months, and has received treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone.
Continuous Infusion or Bolus Injection in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: ROBERT W. CARLSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Continuous intravenous infusion of anticancer drugs is being incorporated into more experimental chemotherapy protocols. The rationale for use of continuous infusions generally includes the restriction of cytotoxic mechanisms of a drug to a specific phase of the cell cycle and the short half-life of some drugs. Two such agents are cytarabine and bleomycin; continuous exposure to these drugs greatly increases their antitumor effects in cell cultures and animal models. Toxicity to normal tissues may also be reduced by continuous infusion, notably the pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin, the cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin, and the myelosuppression of fluorouracil. Recent advances in infusion pump technology have made continuous intravenous infusion therapy more practical. Unfortunately, most clinical studies of the continuous infusion of anticancer drugs have been uncontrolled. Further randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing schedules of drug administration are necessary before definitive recommendations can be made.
How many doctors does Britain need?
Authors: C Collins
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Unlicensed nicotine skin patches EDITOR,-Nicotine skin patches were launched in Britain in June 1992.Three licensed patches (Nicabate, Nicorette, Nicotinell) are now available over the counter from pharmacies.There is convincing evidence from clinical trials that these patches are an effective aid to stopping smoking.'In the past two months there has been a rash of newspaper advertisements for unlicensed patches available by mail order.We are aware of brands going under the names Nicostop, Nicorene, Nicotine Patch, Nicocheck, and Nicoban.The advertisements for two brands, for example, make extravagant claims: "Guaranteed to stop you smoking" (Nicostop); "With Nicoban's help you stop smoking painlessly, simply, permanently....You wear it on your arm, and it releases a measured dosage of nicotine extract throughout the day which really does take away the desire to smoke.So simple, so easy.And above all ... so effective."Common to these patches is the claim that they deliver either nicotine or "nicotine extract" and the promise of great savings over patch products "sold by our competitors."But none of these mail order products has undergone regulatory scrutiny.We have obtained supplies of several of these patches and have examined nicotine absorption.The patches seemed to be of two types: Nicorene, Nicotine Patch, Nicocheck, and Nicoban were of closely similar or identical appearance and on analysis contained only 04 mg of nicotine per patch.The strongest, Nicostop, contained about 4 mg (compared with values ranging between 25 and 100 mg in the licensed patches).After either Nicocheck or Nicotine Patch had been worn for 24 hours plasma nicotine (0-2 [tg/l) and cotinine (0-2 [tg/l) concentrations were unchanged, indi- cating no absorption.In a second subject, who wore 11 Nicotine Patch patches simultaneously,