tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Post-Graduate Lecture ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE MOBILE PROXIMAL COLON: Delivered at Ancoats Hospital, Manchester
Authors: J. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1920)

_I-1 I MNCDICAL JODUNRAS 'were given to the radiiologist which vwero znanifestil based on insufficient knowledge.He tnoted with satisfactibnn Dr- Williamson's explanation that adverse developments after x-ray treatment were -not 7necessarily the 'results of such trealment, and suggested that a more formidable list could be cited as occurring after operative treatment.The fact was that our knowledge of the biological effect of .rays was still very -vague, just as until comparatively recently we were ignorant of the very -nature of x rays, and, moreover, our methods were subject to so much change and advance, to sav nothing of improvement in tubes and other apparatus, that it was quite impossible at present to standardize technique.
THE SEX DETERMINATION TEST OF DORN AND SUGARMAN
Authors: THEODORE J. CURPHEY
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This communication proposes to report certain experiments designed at determining the presence of a specific sex hormone in the urine of pregnant women. The experiments were undertaken in an attempt to repeat the work of Dorn and Sugarman,<sup>1</sup>recently reported. These workers found that it was possible to predict correctly the sex of the unborn child in eighty out of eighty-five cases (94 per cent) following intravenous injection of the urine of pregnant women into immature male rabbits. Their predictions were based on the fact that the urine of women who bore female children caused the testicles of the experimental animals to show enlargement and congestion as well as microscopic evidence of increased spermatogenesis. On the other hand, the urine of women who bore male children caused no such testicular change. In their article they infer that the accuracy of their results was enhanced by the use of animals
Immunosuppressive drugs after lung transplantation
Authors: N. Briffa, R. E Morris
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Survival figures after lung transplantation for the period up to 1996 were reported at a recent annual meeting of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation in London. Although quality of life for patients is greatly improved for some years after transplantation, five year survival after heart-lung, single lung, or double lung transplantation is still less than 50%.1 Mortality in the first 30 days has improved because of advances in surgical technique and in methods of lung preservation,1 but after 30 days the survival curves in 1988-91 and in 1992-5 are parallel.

The main cause of death between 30 days and a year after transplantation is infection. After a year the main cause is bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. This fibroproliferative disorder affects the small airways of at least half of patients who survive for three months after transplantation.2 Its pathogenesis is unclear but it represents a fibrotic repair process occurring after chronic airway injury, and retrospective series have shown that …
Feeding Jejunostomy via Stomach
Authors: Steven C. Elerding
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  A recent letter by Rachmilewitz and associates (240:20, 1978) described a method of introducing a small-diameter feeding jejunostomy tube via the nasal route. We have been interested in introducing feeding jejunostomy tubes intraoperatively, but have been discouraged with the complications of the standard method of introduction via the jejunum. This approach predisposes to small-bowel obstruction and intestinal leak. Because of these hazards we have devised a method of inserting the jejunostomy tube via the anterior surface of the stomach, similar to the technique of a Stamm gastrostomy. A No. 8 F polyethylene pediatric feeding tube is advanced into the proximal jejunum with the aid of a No. 3 Fogarty catheter threaded into the lumen of the feeding tube. The inflated balloon provides a sufficient mass to advance the tube through the pylorus and duodenal C loop. Once satisfactory position is achieved, the balloon is deflated and the
Attack rates of notified whooping cough in immunised and unimmunised children.
Authors: N D Noah
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The incidence of whooping cough among immunised children under the age of six and among children of the same age who were not fully immunised was ascertained by analysing whooping-cough notifications from several health authorities. In the first three years of the study the results showed that attack rates were much higher in children who were not fully immunised than in those who were. This finding suggests that current vaccines provide young children with substantial protection against whooping cough.
Acceleration and rotation rate profile comparison from inertial sensors mounted on the service arm between tennis players of different skill level
Authors: M Patterson, B Caulfield, L Conroy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Two inertial measurement units were placed on the distal and proximal forearms of tennis players of varying skill levels to determine what type of information it is possible to obtain from such sensors and investigate the difference skill level had on the sensor readings. Players of better skill had higher rotation rate on the proximal sensor (elite 2040°/s, rec 1650°/s and beginner 700°/s), which seems similar to previously reported information on shoulder internal rotation rate.1 Shoulder internal rotation rate is a key factor for an effective service. Two players previously had formal technique coaching for their serve; these players acceleration profiles suggest that they contact the ball with less forearm supination than the nontechnique trained group (z-y acceleration ratios were 3.388 and 4.184 in technique-trained compared to 0.206 and 1.226 in nontrained). A system like this could be developed over time to quickly give coaches quantification of a player's performance without the need to use a complex biomechanics laboratory.
Effects of sodium valproate with special reference to weight
Authors: T K Daneshmend
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Aquagenic pruritus SIR,-As the investigators who originally coined the terms aquagenic urticaria and aquagenic pruritus,' 2 which were so roundly criticised by the classicists in your issues of 25 July (p 310) and 15 August (p 493), we feel urged to reply.Words are created to transmit new ideas.As such, they arise to serve the reader, not the guardians of linguistic purity.Let the classi- cists consider the poor reader who views a "hydrogenic" disease as one producing hydrogen, and a "hydrogenous" disease as one beyond his comprehension.We rest our case for "aquagenic" on the principle that clarity is a greater virtue than purity.
Electronic incident reporting and professional monitoring transforms culture
Authors: Stephen Bolsin, Andrew Patrick, Bernie Creati, Mark Colson, Leah Freestone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We report how incident reporting and personal professional monitoring has been achieved using programmed handheld computing devices (personal digital assistants (PDAs)). Data and performance information have been collected and critical incidents reported for accredited trainees of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) in Geelong.1 2 This work favourably transforms the culture of the users, which has been …
Effects of submental stimulation for several consecutive nights in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Authors: W Hida, S Okabe, H Miki, Y Kikuchi, O Taguchi, T Takishima, K Shirato
Journal: Thorax (1994)

It has previously been reported that short term submental stimulation can reduce the frequency of apnoea and improve sleep architecture in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The effects of submental stimulation during consecutive nights on apnoea or on daytime sleepiness have not, however, been studied.Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were studied by polysomnography on a control night, for five consecutive nights of submental stimulation, and on three following nights (n = 8). A multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) (n = 8) and measurement of the upper airway resistance (n = 5) were performed during the day after the polysomnographic study, on the control night, and on the fifth stimulation night. In an additional five patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, matched for age, sex, and weight, the effects of two nights of stimulation were examined for comparison. Submental stimulation began when an apnoea lasted for five seconds and stopped with the resumption of breathing as detected by oronasal flow.The apnoea index, the number of times per hour that SaO2 dropped below 85% (SaO2 < 85%/hour), and the total apnoea duration expressed as a percentage of total sleep time during stimulation nights decreased to approximately 50% of the corresponding values on the control night. This improvement persisted for at least two nights after the five consecutive stimulation nights, but not after the two consecutive stimulation nights. Sleep architecture and MSLT following the stimulation nights improved but upper airway resistance did not change.Submental stimulation for five consecutive nights in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea improved the breathing disturbance, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The effect lasted for the following two nights, but did not completely abolish the sleep disordered breathing.
Great Ormond Street Hospital gagged doctor who raised safety concerns
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A senior consultant paediatrician who left Great Ormond Street Hospital after a dispute with management, which began when she raised concerns about cuts in the numbers of junior doctors, was subjected to a gagging clause banning her from speaking about the circumstances in which her employment ended.

Hilary Cass, now a consultant at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and president of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Child Health, lost her roles as deputy …
Perlecan domain V is neuroprotective and proangiogenic following ischemic stroke in rodents
Authors: Boyeon Lee, Douglas Clarke, Abraham Al Ahmad, Michael Kahle, Christi Parham, Lisa Auckland, Courtney Shaw, Mehmet Fidanboylu, Anthony Wayne Orr, Omolara Ogunshola, Andrzej Fertala, Sarah A. Thomas, Gregory J. Bix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability and the third leading cause of death in the United States. While most research thus far has focused on acute stroke treatment and neuroprotection, the exploitation of endogenous brain self-repair mechanisms may also yield therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe a distinct type of stroke treatment, the naturally occurring extracellular matrix fragment of perlecan, domain V, which we found had neuroprotective properties and enhanced post-stroke angiogenesis, a key component of brain repair, in rodent models of stroke. In both rat and mouse models, Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of perlecan domain V. When systemically administered 24 hours after stroke, domain V was well tolerated, reached infarct and peri-infarct brain vasculature, and restored stroke-affected motor function to baseline pre-stroke levels in these multiple stroke models in both mice and rats. Post-stroke domain V administration increased VEGF levels via a mechanism involving brain endothelial cell α5β1 integrin, and the subsequent neuroprotective and angiogenic actions of domain V were in turn mediated via VEGFR. These results suggest that perlecan domain V represents a promising approach for stroke treatment.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy: Results of the Seattle Prospective Diabetic Foot Study
Authors: Amanda I Adler, Edward J Boyko, Jessie H Ahroni, Victoria Stensel, Ruby C Forsberg, Douglas G Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To identify risk factors for diabetic lower-extremity peripheral sensory neuropathy prospectively in a cohort of U.S. veterans with diabetes.General medicine clinic outpatients with diabetes were followed prospectively for the development of insensitivity to the 5.07 monofilament on the foot.Of 775 subjects, 388 (50%) had neuropathy at baseline. Of the 387 subjects without neuropathy at baseline, 288 were followed up, and of these, 58 (20%) developed neuropathy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling of prevalent neuropathy controlling for sex and race revealed independent and significant associations with age, duration of diabetes, glycohemoglobin level, height, history of lower-extremity ulceration, callus, and edema; an independent and inverse correlation was noted with ankle-arm index. Risk factors for incident neuropathy in multivariate logistic regression included age, baseline glycohemoglobin level, height, history of ulcer, and CAGE screening instrument alcohol score; current smoking and albumin level were inversely associated with risk.Poorer glycemic control increases the risk of neuropathy and is amenable to intervention. Height and age directly increase risk of neuropathy and may help identify patients at risk. A proportion of neuropathy in diabetic veterans is probably due to or worsened by alcohol ingestion. Neuropathy was less common in current smokers than subjects not currently smoking.
Social Factors in Obesity
Authors: Phillip B. Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The relationship between obesity and several social factors was investigated among 1,660 adults representative of a residential area in midtown Manhattan. An inverse relationship previously described between obesity and parental socioeconomic status was also found between obesity and one's own socioeconomic status. Obesity was six times more common among women of low status as compared to those of high status. Furthermore, upwardly mobile females were less obese (12%) than the downwardly mobile (22%). Finally, the longer a woman's family had been in this country, the less likely she was to be obese. Similar but less marked trends obtained for the men. Suggestive relationships between ethnic and religious factors and obesity were also found for both sexes. These findings suggest opportunities for more effective weight control measures through programs specially tailored for populations at high risk.
Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Wheeze in Asthmatic Children in Fresno, California
Authors: Jennifer K. Mann, John R. Balmes, Tim A. Bruckner, Kathleen M. Mortimer, Helene G. Margolis, Boriana Pratt, S. Katharine Hammond, Frederick W. Lurmann, Ira B. Tager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAlthough studies have demonstrated that air pollution is associated with exacerbation of asthma symptoms in children with asthma, little is known about the susceptibility of subgroups, particularly those with atopy.ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate our a priori hypothesis that identifiable subgroups of asthmatic children are more likely to wheeze with exposure to ambient air pollution.MethodsA cohort of 315 children with asthma, 6–11 years of age, was recruited for longitudinal follow-up in Fresno, California (USA). During the baseline visit, children were administered a respiratory symptom questionnaire and allergen skin-prick test. Three times a year, participants completed 14-day panels during which they answered symptom questions twice daily. Ambient air quality data from a central monitoring station were used to assign exposures to the following pollutants: particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10–2.5), elemental carbon, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrate, and O3.ResultsFor the group as a whole, wheeze was significantly associated with short-term exposures to NO2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.10 for 8.7-ppb increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.20] and PM10–2.5 (OR = 1.11 for 14.7-μg/m3 increase; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22). The association with wheeze was stronger for these two pollutants in children who were skin-test positive to cat or common fungi and in boys with mild intermittent asthma.ConclusionA pollutant associated with traffic emissions, NO2, and a pollutant with bioactive constituents, PM10–2.5, were associated with increased risk of wheeze in asthmatic children living in Fresno, California. Children with atopy to cat or common fungi and boys with mild intermittent asthma were the subgroups for which we observed the largest associations.
Treatment of Gastric Hypersecretion with Cimetidine in the Short-Bowel Syndrome
Authors: J. Peter Murphy, Denis R. King, Andre Dubois
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

GASTRIC acid hypersecretion after massive small-bowel resection is transient, and its magnitude is proportional to the length of intestine removed.1 2 3 4 Peptic ulceration with hemorrhage and perforation, malabsorption due to inactivation of pancreatic enzymes, acid diarrhea and fluid and electrolyte losses with metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia have all been reported.4 , 5 With the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine,6 a simple way to control gastric hypersecretion in the short-bowel syndrome has become available, as illustrated in the following study of four cases.Material and MethodsFour patients who had undergone extensive small-bowel resection (50 to 90 per cent) were . . .
Multiple Renal Silica Calculi
Authors: A. M. Joekes, G. A. Rose, J. Sutor
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Investigation of a patient with a history of renal colic, who had taken the equivalent of 2 g magnesium trisilicate after every meal for many years, showed that he was forming silica calculi. The nature of the stone was diagnosed only after quantitative analysis.
Effects of hypoxia on calcium fluxes and force development in the neonatal rat atrium
Authors: N. J LODGE, H. GELBAND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The effects of hypoxia on 45calcium fluxes and force development were studied in the resting and stimulated (high potassium/low sodium solutions or Bay K 8644) neonatal rat atrium. Under normoxic conditions, high potassium (100 mmol·litre−1)/low sodium Tyrode solution and Bay K 8644 (2.5 × 10−5 mol·litre−1) significantly increased calcium uptake above that measured in normal Tyrode solution. High potassium/low sodium Tyrode solution elicited a sustained tonic contracture. Bay K 8644 did not increase resting tension but induced spontaneous phasic contractions in some preparations. Hypoxia failed significantly to alter resting calcium uptake but partially inhibited (50-90%) the high potassium/low sodium and Bay K 8644 induced calcium uptake (that is, the calcium uptake above that measured in normal Tyrode solution). The magnitude of the high potassium/low sodium induced contracture was increased by hypoxia (15 min). Bay K 8644 had no effect on resting tension (in five out of six experiments) after 15 min of hypoxia. Acidosis failed to affect resting (with the exception of the 210 min time point), high potassium/low sodium induced, and Bay K 8644 induced calcium uptakes and had little effect on the high potassium/low sodium induced contracture. It is hypothesised that hypoxia reduces the cells' ability to regulate calcium. Furthermore, it appears that hypoxia's effects on calcium fluxes and the high potassium induced contracture involve other mechanisms besides the associated acidosis.
Obstetric interventions among private and public patients
Authors: J. F King
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 137 

Pregnant women in Australia who give birth in private hospitals have higher rates of operative delivery (caesarean sections, forceps procedures, and vacuum extractions) than those who use public hospitals. Do they need to have more caesarean sections? In this edition of the BMJ , Roberts and colleagues (p 137) examine the risk profiles of these two populations among women having babies in New South Wales, Australia.1 They found that similar rates of women were classified as low risk (48% in private hospitals and 49% in public). Within these low risk groups, private patients were more likely to be 30–34 years old, but the proportion of women classed as being at low risk was the same in each group. The authors, therefore, reasonably argue that this counters the commonly held view that the reason for higher rates of caesarean sections in private patients in Australia is because women at higher risk of complications in pregnancy are more likely to take out private insurance for pregnancy …
Surgeon is struck off for punching patient in the face to try to repair fracture
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon has been struck off the medical register after a fitness to practise tribunal heard that he repeatedly punched an anaesthetised patient in the face during surgery in an effort to reduce a fracture.

Nurses and other staff at Ipswich Hospital told the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service of their shock when Ninian Peckitt, who had been subcontracted to Ipswich for three months by Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, suddenly made his hand into a fist and repeatedly struck the patient hard …
Letter: Cardiovascular disease and peptic ulcer.
Authors: A P Barabas
Journal: BMJ (1974)

concentration of the dialysate still gave a negative result.This woman clearly had a massive over- dose of tricyclic antidepressants and it was considered that her chances of survival were extremely poor.It seemed to us that haemo- dialysis was responsible for a dramatic clinical improvement.This does not seem to be supported by the analyses for the drug we were alble to make.In fact the decrease in plasma imipramine level did not approach the half-time of 3hours reported by Ciba-Geigy (N.Z.) Ltd. (personal com- munication).From our results no increase in the rate of fail of plasma imipramine occurred during dialysis.Unfortunately the lack of samples prior to dialysis leaves some doubt on this point.Our inability to locate any imiprarnine in the dialysate may be explained by the interesting comments of Drs.Asbach and Schuiler (24 August, p. 524) who claim that imirpramine is taken up by the polyvinyl chloride of the extracorporeal blood-line system.Our limited eWerience, that of Harthorne et al.3 and the recent letters from Drs. Asbach and Schuiler have encouraged us to give early consideration to this form of treatment in patients with severe poisoning.However, the recovery of significant amounts of drug by forced diuresis may yet indicate that this method is the most suitable way of eliminating absorbed imipramine and other tricydlic antidepressants.-Weare, etc.,