tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
b(1-&gt;3)-Glucan in House Dust of German Homes: Housing Characteristics, Occupant Behavior, and Relations with Endotoxins, Allergens, and Molds
Authors: Ulrike Gehring, Jeroen Douwes, Gert Doekes, Andrea Koch, Wolfgang Bischof, Barbel Fahlbusch, Kai Richter, H.-Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Articles β(1→3)-Glucans are potent proinflammatory agents that have been suggested to play a role in indoor-related respiratory health effects.The aim of this study was to assess whether β(1→3)-glucan concentrations in house dust are correlated with levels of endotoxins, allergens, and culturable mold spore counts in house dust.Further, the associations of β(1→3)-glucan with housing characteristics and occupant behavior were assessed.β(1→3)-Glucan was measured in settled house dust from living room floors of 395 homes of two German cities, Erfurt and Hamburg, with a specific enzyme immunoassay.Concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection to 19,013 µg/m 2 (22,588 µg/g dust).Concentrations per square meter were found to be correlated with endotoxins, mite and cat allergens, and culturable mold spores.Correlations were weaker when concentrations were expressed per gram of dust, indicating that variance in concentrations of all factors is largely determined by the amount of dust sampled.Associations between β(1→3)glucan, housing characteristics, and occupant behavior were found for concentrations per square meter but not for concentrations per gram of dust.The following characteristics were associated with a significant increase in β(1→3)-glucan levels: carpets in the living room [means ratio (MR) = 1.9-2.1],keeping a dog inside (MR = 1.4), use of the home by four or more persons (MR = 1.4), use of the living room for > 180 hr/week (MR = 2.1), lower frequency of vacuum cleaning (MR = 1.6-3.0)and dust cleaning (MR = 1.2 and 1.4, respectively), and presence of mold spots during the past 12 months (MR = 1.4).We conclude that that the amount of dust sampled can be used as a proxy for hygiene and that β(1→3)-glucan concentrations per square meter are related to the amount of dust sampled.
Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: None Tsukazaki, None Watanabe, None Irifune
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We studied the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 20 Japanese patients with sporadic-type porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Seventeen of the 20 patients (85%) had anti-HCV antibodies. Biochemical remission was observed in nine patients, six of whom still had positive HCV RNA copies. These results suggest that HCV infection is a triggering factor for PCT in Japan. However, continuous HCV infection seems to exert little influence on the maintenance of abnormal porphyrin metabolism. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in five of the 17 HCV-positive patients, three of whose PCT was in remission. Four of these patients showed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis on liver biopsy. PCT patients with HCV infection should be followed up long-term because of the possibility of HCC. To evaluate the risk of HCC, liver biopsy may be required, even when the patient is in biochemical remission.
Echocardiographic characterization of the improvement in right ventricular function in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension after single-lung transplantation
Authors: Michael Ritchie, Alan D. Waggoner, Víctor G. Dávila-román, Benico Barzilai, Elbert P. Trulock, Paul R. Eisenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Related Tripeptides: Biochemistry, Antiinflammatory and Protective Effects in Vitro and in Vivo, and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Thomas Brzoska, Thomas A. Luger, Christian Maaser, Christoph Abels, Markus Böhm
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

α-MSH is a tridecapeptide derived from proopiomelanocortin. Many studies over the last few years have provided evidence that α-MSH has potent protective and antiinflammatory effects. These effects can be elicited via centrally expressed melanocortin receptors that orchestrate descending neurogenic antiinflammatory pathways. α-MSH can also exert antiinflammatory and protective effects on cells of the immune system and on peripheral nonimmune cell types expressing melanocortin receptors. At the molecular level, α-MSH affects various pathways implicated in regulation of inflammation and protection, i.e., nuclear factor-κB activation, expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, IL-10 synthesis, T cell proliferation and activity, inflammatory cell migration, expression of antioxidative enzymes, and apoptosis. The antiinflammatory effects of α-MSH have been validated in animal models of experimentally induced fever; irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, vasculitis, and fibrosis; ocular, gastrointestinal, brain, and allergic airway inflammation; and arthritis, but also in models of organ injury. One obstacle limiting the use of α-MSH in inflammatory disorders is its pigmentary effect. Due to its preserved antiinflammatory effect but lack of pigmentary action, the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH, KPV, has been delineated as an alternative for antiinflammatory therapy. KdPT, a derivative of KPV corresponding to amino acids 193–195 of IL-1β, is also emerging as a tripeptide with antiinflammatory effects. The physiochemical properties and expected low costs of production render both agents suitable for the future treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory skin and bowel disease, fibrosis, allergic and inflammatory lung disease, ocular inflammation, and arthritis.
Abstract 3644: The PSP94αprostasin pathway and early detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Yi Guo, Bingxue Yan, Michael D. Mueller, Jing Jie Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Our long-term goal is to better understand the mechanism of tumor development in human epithelial ovarian cancer. The short-term goal is to identify a biomarker for early detection of this malignancy. Methods: qPCR was performed for PSP94 expression using SYBR® Green reagents kit in 3 pairs of tumor and normal samples of ovarian cancer patients and 4 ovarian cancer cell lines on ABI 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System. Overexpression of PSP94 or prostasin by cDNA transfection was performed in ovarian cancer cell lines. The expression levels of PSP94 and prostasin after cDNA transfection were determined by western blot analysis. Results: In gene expression analysis by qPCR, we found that PSP94 expresses in tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients and cancer cell lines but not in normal ovarian specimens. Our investigation of the relationship between PSP94 and prostasin by cDNA transfection assay demonstrated that expression of prostasin was increased in the PSP94 overexpressed cells. In contrast, PSP94 expression did not change in the prostasin-forced-expression cells. This suggests that the two genes most likely share part of a regulation network and that PSP94 appears to be an upstream regulator of prostasin. Conclusions: We conclude that PSP94 expression occurs only in tumor samples and PSP94 and prostasin share a signaling pathway. We hypothesize that alteration of PSP94-prostasin pathway may be an early event in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer; PSP94 appears to be an upstream regulator that modulates prostasin expression. Thus, PSP94 seems to play an important role in tumorigenesis and may hold great promise as a biomarker for early detection of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3644. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3644
The Side-to-Side Portacaval Shunt Revisited
Authors: Norman D. Grace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In most patients with cirrhosis of the liver, esophagogastric varices, a potentially life-threatening complication of portal hypertension, eventually develop. Twenty-five to 35 percent of these patients bleed from varices, usually within the first year after this complication is diagnosed. The rate of recurrent variceal bleeding approaches 70 percent, with most episodes occurring within one year after the initial episode. For each episode of variceal hemorrhage, the mortality is approximately 50 percent.Over the past two decades, many new therapies have been introduced to control acute variceal hemorrhage and to prevent recurrent hemorrhage. These have included endoscopic techniques such as sclerotherapy . . .
BRIGHT LIGHT IN THE SCHOOL ROOM A CAUSE OF MYOPIA, AND A METHOD PROPOSED FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE QUANTITY OF LIGHT.
Authors: A. G. FIELD
Journal: JAMA (1895)

to Osiander.This operation was later improved by M. Langenbeck, who made, for the first time, the su- pravaginal amputation of the cervix for carcinoma in 1830, an operation which was later revived and pop- ularized by Schroeder.Langenbeck and Sauter were the pioneers in establishing vaginal hysterectomy for carcinoma.Langenbeck enucleated the uterus in 1813 and his patient recovered and finally died of senile marasmus at the age of 84.Sauter removed the entire uterus per vaginam successfully in 1822 by an operation which, with some slight modifications, is practiced to-day.Of the first twelve cases of com- plete vaginal hysterectomy, only three recovered, a mortality of 75 per cent.Extraperitoneal enuclea- tion of the uterus has recently been described as a new operation, but those conversant with the history of surgery will always link Langenbeck's name with the origin of this operation.The great mortality which attended the first attempts to remove the uterus through the vagina were due to hemorrhage and infection.The improved means and technique in prophylactic hemostasis and the introduction of aseptic surgery encouraged Czerny to revive and im- prove vaginal hysterectomy in 1878.Since that time the operation has been modified in various ways, and has now become an established procedure in the treatment of well selected cases of carcinoma of the uterus, but the honest student will always connect the early history of this operation with the names of Osiander, M. Langenbeck and Sauter.
CASE OF MULTIPLE FIBROSARCOMA OF THE TONGUE, WITH REMARKS ON THE USE OF TRYPSIN AND AMYLOPSIN IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE.
Authors: FREDERICK HOLME WIGGIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Primary sarcoma of the tongue is a disease so seldom met or recognized and recorded that a case of this character presents features of unusual interest. There appear to be less than forty well authenticated cases on record. Of the various varieties of sarcoma invading this organ, the fibrous seems the least frequent, as only three or four of the cases just mentioned are classified under this head. <h3>History.</h3> —N. M., an unmarried female, aged 23, of Irish descent, a domestic, applied in November, 1905, to the Metropolitan Nose and Throat Hospital for treatment, complaining of an enlargement of the back of her tongue, which was causing her much discomfort, as, on account of its size, it made speaking, eating and sleeping difficult. The patient then stated that she had asked for treatment at several hospitals in London, but had been refused operation. She was referred to me as one
UK hip fracture audit shows wide variation in standards of care
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Wide variations in the standards of care given to patients with hip fracture in the United Kingdom persist, despite considerable progress over the past couple of years, suggests the largest audit of its kind, published on 2 September.

A substantial proportion of patients still face lengthy delays before surgery, do not receive appropriate assessment, and miss out on preventive treatment, show the 2010 figures from the national hip fracture database—a collaboration between the British Orthopaedic Association and the British Geriatrics Society.

Every year in the UK there are around 76 000 cases of broken hip at an annual cost to the NHS—excluding social care—of around £1.4bn (€1.7bn; $2.17bn).

The data, which were submitted voluntarily by 129 out of 193 eligible hospitals in England, Wales, Northern …
<i>In vitro</i> kinetics of allergen‐ and microbe‐induced IL‐4 and IFN‐γ mRNA expression in PBMC of pollen‐allergic patients
Authors: K. Laaksonen, M. Waris, M.J. Mäkelä, E. O. Terho, J. Savolainen
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: According to a hypothesis allergens induce Th2 responses in allergic patients, and microbes induce Th1 responses. We studied the kinetics of in vitro allergen‐, tuberculin (PPD)‐ and tetanus toxin (TT)‐induced IFN‐γ and IL‐4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of pollen‐allergic patients and healthy controls. Methods: PBMC of 10 birch or timothy pollen‐allergic patients and of 13 healthy controls were stimulated in vitro with allergen (birch or timothy), PPD or TT. Pellets and supernatants were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after stimulation. IFN‐γ and IL‐4 production was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and mRNA expression using RT‐PCR and time‐resolved fluorometry. Results: Allergen induced IFN‐γ production and mRNA expression in PBMC more in allergic patients than in healthy controls. Also allergen induced IL‐4 mRNA expression more in allergic patients than in healthy controls. PPD induced IFN‐γ mRNA expression both in allergic patients and healthy controls, whereas IFN‐γ production was induced only in healthy controls and IL‐4 was not induced at all. TT induced IFN‐γ mRNA expression in both groups, IFN‐γ production in allergic patients, and IL‐4 mRNA expression in both allergic patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: In vitro stimulation with allergen induced both IFN‐γ and IL‐4 mRNA expression of PBMC in allergic patients. These observations challenge the clearcut division of microbe‐specific Th1 and allergen‐specific Th2 responses in peripheral blood.
Volvulus of the Spleen
Authors: Erich W. Pollak
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Volvulus of the spleen in absence of malarious splenomegaly is rare. Most reported instances occur in young and middle-aged women and are related to a congenital abnormality of the mesogastrium, pregnancy, and multiparity. In this reported case of splenic volvulus in a young, multiparous woman, posterior mesogastrium malformation was the cause. Certain preoperative findings could suggest this infrequent diagnosis in future cases. (<i>JAMA</i>237:469-470, 1977)
IMMEDIATE EXERCISE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR SAFE DISCHARGE IN LOW RISK CHEST PAIN PATIENTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang, Brian Levine, Mary-Stewart Grote, Danielle Minett, Avkash Patel, Greg Jasani, Anitha Rajamanickam, Erik Marshall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mutations in SOX2 cause anophthalmia
Authors: Judy Fantes, Nicola K. Ragge, Sally-Ann Lynch, Niolette I. McGill, J. Richard O. Collin, Patricia N. Howard-Peebles, Caroline Hayward, Anthony J. Vivian, Kathy Williamson, Veronica van Heyningen, David R. FitzPatrick
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Hypothermia due to diazepam.
Authors: R. E. Irvine
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDIBusH 1007 to the pump-head, for only in this way can air embolism be prevented.It is not enough to use one clamp only, between the oxygenator and the leak, for air may still enter the tube through the defect due to a Venturi effect as the roller passes over it, and then pass into the patient's arterial system.-Weare, etc.,
A8.39 Regulatory role for CD72 Expression on B cells in SLE
Authors: Zahava Vadasz, Elias Toubi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> B regulatory cells and their regulatory products/markers, such us semaphorin3A (sema3A) and its receptor NP-1, FcγIIB, IL-10, and others, act at the very base of self-tolerance maintenance and prevention of autoimmune disease development. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the present study was to assess the involvement of CD72, a regulatory receptor on B cells, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, the potential of soluble sema3A in enhancing the expression of CD72 on B cells of SLE patients was investigated. <h3>Results</h3> CD72 expression on B cells of SLE patients was significantly lower than that of normal controls. This lower expression of CD72 in SLE patients correlated inversely with SLE disease activity and was associated with lupus nephritis, the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies and with low levels of complement. Co-culture of purified B cells from healthy controls with soluble sema3A resulted in significant enhancement of CD72. Similar enhancement of CD72 on B cells from SLE patients, though significant, was still lower than in normal individuals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The lower expression of CD72 on B cells from SLE patients correlates with SLE disease activity, lupus nephritis, the presence of anti dsDNA antibodies, and low levels of complement. The improvement of CD72 expression following the addition of soluble semaphorin3A suggests that CD72 may be useful as a biomarker to be followed during the treatment of SLE.
P60 Questionable utility of T-SPOT testing in a TB exposure incident on a Clinical Haematology Unit
Authors: J. Brebner, J. Mann, H. Jones, W. Bladen, N. Syed, P. Dawkins
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have been promoted as having a key role in contact tracing for tuberculosis (TB). In immunosuppressed patients T-SPOT is considered to be the test of choice for detection of latent TB infection. We describe a contact tracing exercise carried out on a Clinical Haematology Unit (CHU) where 168 patients had significant nosocomial exposure to a case of smear-positive TB. <h3>Methods</h3> A 29-year old female homeless patient with Hodgkin9s lymphoma was diagnosed with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In the 6 months prior to diagnosis she had attended the CHU on 31 occasions including several prolonged inpatient stays. The Incident Management Team initiated a retrospective exercise to identify those at risk in this vulnerable population. <h3>Results</h3> 485 haematology patients were subdivided into three cohorts of risk, as well as 69 significant staff contacts. 168 patients considered at highest risk were contact traced and offered screening. 149 of these 168 patients underwent T-SPOT testing. 11 patients did not attend and six patients had died from their underlying condition. In two patients it was not performed as they were already receiving anti-TB therapy. One of these patients had no other known exposure prior to the index case. Of the 149 patients tested with T-SPOT, 19 (12.8%) had a positive result, 76 (51.0%) had a negative result, and 54 (36.2%) had an indeterminate result (negative result with a failed positive control). All those with positive and indeterminate results were followed up in clinic. No further cases of TB were identified. Due to the large number of indeterminate results further T-SPOT testing of additional cohorts was not conducted. <h3>Conclusions</h3> T-SPOT testing is considered to have superior sensitivity to tuberculin skin testing in certain immunosuppressed populations, where indeterminate T-SPOT test results have been reported to be infrequent. However, the number of indeterminate results in our study was significantly higher than previously reported in other immunosuppressed groups. This episode calls into question the stated utility of T-SPOT testing in this cohort of patients with haematological conditions. More research is required on the efficacy of IGRAs in the severely immunosuppressed.
Cause of Electromechanical Dissociation
Authors: Jonathan E. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent review of "Advanced Cardiac Life Support" (1980;244:479) was informative and generally thorough. However, in the discussion of electromechanical dissociation, it should be remembered that a prime cause, bedsides cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupture as mentioned in the article, is hypovolemia.<sup>1,2</sup>This spectrum may range from frank hemorrhage to dehydration with or without a concomitant major myocardial event. Especially when confronted with tachycardia and nonelevated venous pressures, rapid correction of hypovolemia may quickly restore perfusion pressures and eliminate electromechanical dissociation. The use of pressors as suggested by the article in the presence of inadequate intravascular volume may not be effective and may even contribute to further peripheral vasoconstriction, thereby perpetuating the dissociation. When occult hemorrhage is not suspected and volume has been administered without response, then the other causes and treatments of electromechanical dissociation as discussed in the article should be considered.
Correction: Self‐assembly of Cytotoxic Peptide Amphiphiles into Supramolecular Membranes for Cancer Therapy
Authors: R. Helen Zha, Shantanu Sur, Samuel I. Stupp
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The authors would like to make the following amendments: There are several positions in the main text where the colors of the two PA molecules should be reversed. The associated figure (Figure 4) and figure caption are correct, however. In Section 2.2.2, the second sentence should read: Confocal microscopy was used to probe the distribution of PAs in the membrane by labeling K3 PA and KLAK PA with RBITC and FITC, respectively. In the Experimental Section, under “PA Synthesis and Co-Assembly”, the last sentence of first paragraph should read: Fluorescently labeled K3 PA (R-K3) and KLAK PA (G-KLAK) were synthesized by incorporating a C-terminus lysine with N-methyltrityl (MTT) side group protection…(the rest of the sentence is unchanged). In the Experimental Section, under “Confocal Microscopy of Membrane”, the second sentence should read: R-K3 and G-KLAK were incorporated into co-assembled solutions by first individually dissolving unlabeled K3 PA…(the rest of the sentence is unchanged).