tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOLOGY OF CRIMINAL ABORTION.
Authors: MAXIMILIAN HERZOG
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The pathology of criminal abortion has to establish: 1. The causal nexus of premature expulsion of the ovum with the employment of internal medicinal or external mechanical means, adopted for the accomplishment of the desired criminal attempt. 2. To account for the illness or death of the mother during or after abortion. The latter part of our subject, that referring to death of the mother, is comparatively easy to handle, because in the latter event cases have been frequently thoroughly investigated. The employment of modern histologic and bacteriologic methods to clear up the pathology of such cases is within easy reach. It is different when we approach the other part of our task. It is a notorious fact that only a small minority of the non-fatal cases, more particularly of the cases not complicated with serious, threatening disease of the mother, ever come to the notice of reputable, scientific members
Dependence of metabolic and structural heterogeneity of cholesterol ester-rich very low density lipoproteins on the duration of cholesterol feeding in rabbits.
Authors: A Daugherty, K Oida, B E Sobel, G Schonfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Cholesterol ester-rich (CER) VLDL accumulate rapidly in the plasma of rabbits fed cholesterol-enriched diets. However, the major loci of enhanced synthesis of subfractions of CER-VLDL, their interaction with macrophages, and their relative contribution to atherogenesis have not yet been elucidated. To determine whether anabolism is hepatic or intestinal, subfractions of CER-VLDL were characterized at selected intervals from day 0 to 60 of cholesterol feeding. Rate zonal ultracentrifugation of CER-VLDL from rabbits fed cholesterol for 4 and 60 d demonstrated an early increase of the proportion of cholesterol carried in the intestinally-derived fraction (designated as Fx-I) of VLDL compared with that in hepatically-derived particles (Fx-H). Quantification by size exclusion HPLC also demonstrated that Fx-I was a prominent CER-VLDL component at day 4, while Fx-H particles became increasingly prominent with further cholesterol feeding. At both 4 and 60 d Fx-I stimulated cholesterol esterification and intracellular cholesterol content in macrophages more than the corresponding Fx-H did. In fact, Fx-H harvested at 4 d produced no cholesterol ester deposition. In contrast, Fx-H harvested at 60 d markedly stimulated cholesterol esterification and intracellular cholesterol content. Thus, both compositional and metabolic characteristics of CER-VLDL changed as a function of the duration cholesterol feeding.
PERFORATION FOLLOWING BARIUM ENEMA
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The danger of perforation of the colon proximal to a colostomy by self-administered irrigation through the colostomy stoma is well illustrated by the case reported by Drs. Earle I. Greene and J. Major Greene inThe Journal(<b>148</b>:49 [Jan. 5] 1952). That this accident is a rare occurrence is borne out by the fact that the authors were able to find only one other report of a similar complication in the medical literature of the preceding 18 years. For this reason, and to illustrate still another and related means of perforating the bowel proximal to a colostomy stoma, I should like to record the occurrence of such an accident after barium enema study. The patient was a white man, 50 years old, who had undergone abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer on Aug. 24, 1945. Opaque material was introduced through the colostomy stoma on Sept. 10, 1946,
Catecholamine-mediated reduction in uterine blood flow after nicotine infusion in the pregnant ewe.
Authors: R Resnik, G W Brink, M Wilkes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The effect of nicotine on uterine blood flow, uterine vascular resistance, and plasma catecholamine concentration was studied in chronically catheterized pregnant sheep equipped with electromagnetic flow probes. The systemic administration of nicotine (14--32 micrograms/kg body wt per min) resulted in a 44% reduction in uterine blood flow (P less than 0.001) and a 203% increase in uterine vascular resistance. Both responses were inhibited by pretreatment with the alpha blocker, phentolamine. Arterial plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine, measured by a single isotopic radioenzymatic assay, rose (from 117.9 +/- 6.7 to 201.8 +/- 13.3 pg/ml, P less than 0.001; and from 71.6 +/- 4.5 to 124.1 +/- 8.4 pg/ml, P less than 0.001, respectively) during nicotine infusion. The findings suggest that nicotine exerts a deleterious effect on uterine blood flow mediated through the release of catecholamines.
Ethics committees: local and national.
Authors: D. Powell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The new commitments will make a strong practice team essential.Practice nurses will be far more effective at health education than doctors.Doctors who invest in good staff, good premises, and good relations with the health authority will be able to meet realistic targets for health promotion.The General Medical Services Committee must ensure that targets are realistic, and 80% for cervical cytology screening would be a strong incentive for us to give up our screening programme.More importantly the committee must ensure that the government will fund, and con- tinue to fund, the staff and premises necessary to run a preventive service.This is a new and additional service.Initially it may be funded by redistribution among general practitioners, but ultimately new money must be forthcoming as more practices meet their targets.The new contract is, on the whole, good for patients and good for doctors.We should support it and negotiate the small print.
Ten-Year Institutional Experience With Palliative Surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Joseph M. Forbess, Nancy Cook, Stephen J. Roth, Alain Serraf, John E. Mayer, Richard A. Jonas
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background We reviewed 212 consecutive patients who underwent stage I palliative surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) at our institution between January 1983 and June 1993. Methods and Results Six surgeons participated in the care of these patients. Follow-up is 97% complete. Preoperative anatomic and physiological factors and procedural features of the stage I operation were analyzed for impact on stage I mortality, survival to stage II palliation, and actuarial survival. Hospital mortality was not significantly lower during the second half of the study period ( P =.242). Operative mortality was 46.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed improved stage I operative survival in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and aortic stenosis (AS; P =.006). Additional risk factors for stage I mortality were a lower immediately pre–stage I pH ( P =.034) and weight &lt;3 kg ( P =.015). Overall first-year actuarial survival for MS/AS was 59%, and it was 33% for all others ( P =.001). Among stage I survivors, patients with MS/AS were more likely to survive to stage II palliation ( P =.031). Analysis of actuarial survival of stage I survivors showed that a smaller ascending aorta ( P &lt;.001), aortic atresia ( P &lt;.001), and mitral atresia ( P =.002) were all risk factors for intermediate death. Conclusions Preoperative anatomic and physiological state are predictors of stage I mortality. HLHS anatomic subtype also influences intermediate outcome, most notably pre–stage II attrition. These data may be useful in choosing initial management for patients with HLHS.
Evolutionary biology of plant food allergens
Authors: Christian Radauer, Heimo Breiteneder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

The majority of plant food allergens can be grouped into just 4 protein families. This review summarizes the evolutionary relationships of allergenic and nonallergenic members of these families. Proteins from the prolamin superfamily have been described in vascular plants. This superfamily contains several allergenic (2S albumins, nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, and cereal amylase and protease inhibitors) and nonallergenic (hybrid proline-rich proteins, cereal indolines, and α-globulins) member families. The cupin superfamily comprises numerous functionally highly diverse protein families from all groups of organisms. However, allergenicity within the cupins is confined to the vicilin and legumin seed storage proteins. Profilins are ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins that are nonallergenic, with the exception of profilins from flowering plants. Finally, the Bet v 1 superfamily contains the pathogenesis-related proteins 10 family, the family of major latex proteins and ripening-related proteins, the norcoclaurine synthases, and the cytokinin-binding proteins, with pathogenesis-related proteins 10 family members from certain taxa being the only allergenic members. The study of the distribution of allergenic and nonallergenic members of protein families will provide new insights into the evolution of allergenicity and the factors that make proteins allergenic.
Absence of acute effects of angiotensin II on atrial electrophysiology in humans
Authors: Peter M. Kistler, Neil C. Davidson, Prashanthan Sanders, Simon P. Fynn, Irene H. Stevenson, Steven J. Spence, Jitendra K. Vohra, Paul B. Sparks, Jonathan M. Kalman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Monitoring of GP incentive scheme has been inconsistent, report says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), which covers GP practices in England, is poorly administered and monitored in some areas of the country, according to a report by the Audit Commission.

Around £1bn is paid out each year to more than 8300 GP practices under the scheme, which incentivises GPs to improve clinical care and produce better outcomes. Achievement under the QOF is high—in 2009-10 GP practices achieved an average of 936.9 points out of the 1000 points available. The average payment to GP practices was £118 770.

Primary care trusts are responsible for ensuring that payments under the scheme are properly made. The report, Paying GPs to Improve Quality, is based on the findings of external auditors who carried out work at 12 trusts and spoke directly to three trusts. It found that …
1139-56 Impact of stent implantation techniques on stent edge neointimal hyperplasia following sirolimus-eluting stenting
Authors: Mieke van den Heuvel, Mamoo Nakamura, Junya Ako, Yoshihiro Morino, Yasuhiro Honda, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey W Moses, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald, Alan C Yeung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Coralline Hydroxyapatite Ocular Implants
Authors: MORAKINYO A. OYEWOLE TONEY, JAMES D. HEIRONIMUS, DAVE RIVERA, DON HOLLSTEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Previous reports on the application of bone scintigraphy to evaluate and assess the degree of vascular and soft tissue ingrowth into coralline ocular implants after operation are limited and SPECT imaging has not been reported. Two cases are described in which planar and SPECT imaging of Tc-99m MDP uptake in ocular implants were performed at approximately 3 and 15 months after surgery.
Rectal Foreign-Body Forceps
Authors: Gerald T. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Foreign bodies are placed in the rectum by accident or because of psychiatric illness. Their size and shape varies considerably, and consequently a variety of techniques have been described for their removal. Recently a patient with an inverted glass tumbler in the rectum was treated successfully by removal. The technique employed would seem to be applicable to rectal foreign bodies of many sizes and shapes.  Report of a Case.—  A 62-year-old bachelor with a history of alcohol abuse was seen in the emergency room of the University of Virginia Hospital. The evening before, he had accidently sat upon a small tumbler while intoxicated, forcing this object into his rectum. Physical examination and a flat abdominal roentgenogram (Fig 1) confirmed the presence of the glass within the rectum. Manipulation of the glass was attempted in the emergency clinic, but removal was impossible. In the operating room, an epidural
Teaching doctors in training about management and leadership
Authors: S. Gillam
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Previous studies have suggested that the central vein sign and iron rims are specific features of MS lesions. Using 3T SWI, we aimed to compare the frequency of lesions with central veins and iron rims in patients with clinically isolated syndrome and MS-mimicking disorders and test their diagnostic value in predicting conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to MS. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> For each patient, we calculated the number of brain lesions with central veins and iron rims. We then identified a simple rule involving an absolute number of lesions with central veins and iron rims to predict conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to MS. Additionally, we tested the diagnostic performance of central veins and iron rims when combined with evidence of dissemination in space. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> We included 112 patients with clinically isolated syndrome and 35 patients with MS-mimicking conditions. At follow-up, 94 patients with clinically isolated syndrome developed MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome had a median of 2 central veins (range, 0–19), while the non-MS group had a median of 1 central vein (range, 0–6). Fifty-six percent of patients who developed MS had ≥1 iron rim, and none of the patients without MS had iron rims. The sensitivity and specificity of finding ≥3 central veins and/or ≥1 iron rim were 70% and 86%, respectively. In combination with evidence of dissemination in space, the 2 imaging markers had higher specificity than dissemination in space and positive findings of oligoclonal bands currently used to support the diagnosis of MS. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> A single 3T SWI scan offers valuable diagnostic information, which has the potential to prevent MS misdiagnosis.
Abstract 561: Establishment and characterization of matched pairs of human prostate stromal cells to study cancer-stromal interaction
Authors: Xiaojuan Sun, Hui He, Zhihui Xie, Weiping Qian, Clayton Yates, Fray F. Marshall, Haiyen E. Zhau, Leland W. k. Chung, Ruoxiang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate stromal cells may play binary roles in the process of prostate cancer development. Being the first to be encountered by infiltrating prostate cancer cells, prostate stromal cells form the first defense line against prostate cancer progression and metastasis. On the other hand, interaction between prostate cancer and stromal cells may facilitate the formation of a tumor microenvironment favoring cancer cell growth and survival. To establish an experimental system for studying the interaction between cancer and stromal cells, we isolated three matched pairs of normal and cancer-associated human prostate stromal cells. The specimens were from three prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine. From each prostate, a cube of prostate tissue was dissected from a histologically normal region distal to the tumor, and another cube was dissected from a cancer-affected zone. Live cells in single cell preparation were cultured in low density for isolation of stromal clones. In contrast to the LNCaP prostate cancer cells, the isolated prostate stromal clones exhibited large fibroblastic morphology with slow growth rate. Growth and survival of the stromal clones were not affected by androgens and were highly resistant to serum starvation. In contrast to the normal counterparts, the cancer-associated stromal clones exhibited differentiated survival ability, as determined by colony formation assay following serum starvation. In direct co-culture, the prostate stromal cells inhibited growth of the LNCaP cells and made the production of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) less sensitive to androgen deprivation. Importantly in co-culture experiments, the stromal cells protected some LNCaP prostate cancer cells from death by serum starvation, and cancer-associated stromal clones showed more protection. The surviving LNCaP clones showed features of androgen-independent PSA expression similar to the lineage-related androgen-independent C4-2 cells, suggesting that cancer cells acquired increased malignancy through interaction with the stromal cells. The results from this study indicate that matched stromal cell pairs may serve as models for comparative analysis of molecular changes in the tumor microenvironment. These cells can also be used in co-culture with prostate cancer cells to simulate cancer-stromal interaction in the tumor microenvironment in order to define the role of prostate stromal cells in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 561.
The Complement Inhibitor Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Peter Hillmen, Neal S. Young, Jörg Schubert, Robert A. Brodsky, Gerard Socié, Petra Muus, Alexander Röth, Jeffrey Szer, Modupe O. Elebute, Ryotaro Nakamura, Paul Browne, Antonio M. Risitano, Anita Hill, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Chieh-Lin Fu, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, Scott A. Rollins, Christopher F. Mojcik, Russell P. Rother, Lucio Luzzatto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

We tested the safety and efficacy of eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against terminal complement protein C5 that inhibits terminal complement activation, in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
The Effectiveness of Voluntary Self-Exclusion on Blood Donation Practices of Individuals at High Risk for AIDS
Authors: Neal A. Halsey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As of Jan 13,1986, two hundred sixty-one cases of blood product transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been reported in the United States.<sup>1</sup>In March 1983, the American Red Cross joined with the American Association of Blood Banks and the Council of Community Blood Centers in requesting that homosexual men at risk for AIDS voluntarily exclude themselves from blood donation.<sup>2</sup>Because of the long latency period of human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), it has been difficult to determine the effectiveness of this request for voluntary selfexclusion prior to the introduction of routine screening of all donated blood for antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV. As part of an ongoing study, we retrospectively reviewed blood donation records in the New Orleans metropolitan area to determine if any of 187 persons who had been diagnosed as having AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) had donated blood between January
CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE MYOPATHY WITH MYOGLOBINURIA: DEMONSTRATION OF A GLYCOGENOLYTIC DEFECT IN THE MUSCLE*
Authors: Rudi Schmid, Robert Mahler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Although little is known of the mletabolic dis- turbances in the various im-yopathies of manl and animals (1), in 1956, one of us (R. S.) observed a patient with a bizarre miiuscle disorder, associated with paroxysmal miivoglobiniuria, wlhose unusual clinical manifestations suggested a possible lead as to the nature of the mletabolic defect involved.In this patient, the most striking feature was his in- ability to perform miioderately severe mliuscular work even over slhort periods of timiie, wxhereas miiuscular activity of a minimal dlegree was toler- ated almnost without linlitatioins.For example, moderate exercise, suichl as climbing 10 steps of a stairway, produced severe an(d painiful cramps in the involved muscle groups, lastinig for approxi- mately an hour, and was followed by transient myoglobinuria.Contrariwise, slow walking on level ground was tolerated for houirs witlhout de- veloping craml-ps or eveni uniiduie fatigue.Mlore- over, it was found that dturing and followinig mod- erate exercise, which was sufficient to produce a cramp, the expected rise in blood lactate concen- tration (2-4) did not occur.These observations suggested that the )atient may suffer fronm a de- fect in glycogeinolysis, limiiting the enlergy avail- able for nmuscular contractioni to souirces other than anaerobic breakdown of glycogeni.This possibility was studied in viva and in vitro (5).
Chronic Pain and Opioid Use in US Soldiers After Combat Deployment
Authors: Robin L. Toblin, Phillip J. Quartana, Lyndon A. Riviere, Kristina Clarke Walper, Charles W. Hoge
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Chronic Pain and Opioid Use in US Soldiers After Combat DeploymentChronic pain affects a quarter of people seeking primary health care. 1,2 Opioid medications are prescribed for chronic pain, but recently, rates of opioid use and misuse have ballooned, leading to significant numbers of overdose-related hospitalizations and deaths. 3 The prevalence of chronic pain and opioid use assoc iated w ith deployment is not well known, despite large numbers of wounded service members.To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess chronic pain prevalence and opioid use in a nontreatment-seeking, active duty infantry population following deployment.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis accompanying immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Paul M. Wallach, Michael T. Flannery, Harold M. Adelman, Julio Powsang, Hussein Saba, Philip Altus, Luis R. Espinoza
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis represents an idiopathic systemic fibrosing syndrome which leads to the development of progressive hydronephrosis and azotemia (Stewart and Friberg: Southern Medical Journal 77:1185-1187, 1984; Morad et al.: American Journal of Medicine 82:363-366, 1987). Evidence in the literature supports a hypothesis that retroperitoneal fibrosis represents a systemic autoimmune process (Lichon et al.: Journal of Rheumatology 11:373, 374, 1984; Lipman et al.: JAMA 196:204-206, 1966; Littlejohn and Keystone: Journal of Rheumatology 8:665-669, 1981; Katz et al.: American Journal of Clinical Pathology 67:436-439, 1977). We report a case of a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis, immune thrombocytopenia, presence of antinuclear antibody, and direct Coombs positivity which provides further evidence that retroperitoneal fibrosis is an autoimmune process. Progressive obstructive uropathy related to his fibrosis led to bilateral hydronephrosis and significant renal function impairment. Also, he developed marked immune thrombocytopenia. Treatment with prednisone produced a dramatic response in both platelet count and renal function.