tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Large Volume Paracentesis on Plasma Volume—A Cause of Hypovolemia?
Authors: Henry W. Kao, Neal E. Rakov, Evelyn Savage, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Large volume paracentesis, while effectively relieving symptoms in patients with tense ascites, has been generally avoided due to reports of complications attributed to an acute reduction in intravascular volume. Measurements of plasma volume in these subjects have been by indirect methods and have not uniformly confirmed hypovolemia. We have prospectively evaluated 18 patients (20 paracenteses) with tense ascites and peripheral edema due to chronic liver disease undergoing 5 liter paracentesis for relief of symptoms. Plasma volume pre- and postparacentesis was assessed by a 125I-labeled human serum albumin dilution technique as well as by the change in hematocrit and postural blood pressure difference. No significant change in serum sodium, urea nitrogen, hematocrit or postural systolic blood pressure difference was noted at 24 or 48 hr after paracentesis. Serum creatinine at 24 hr after paracentesis was unchanged but a small but statistically significant increase in serum creatinine (+0.1 +/- 0.3 mg per dl, p less than 0.01) was noted at 48 hr postparacentesis. Plasma volume changed -2.7% (n = 6, not statistically significant) during the first 24 hr and -2.8% (n = 12, not statistically significant) during the 0- to 48-hr period. No complications from paracentesis were noted. These results suggest that 5 liter paracentesis for relief of symptoms is safe in patients with tense ascites and peripheral edema from chronic liver disease.
Language in the modular mind? It’s a no-brainer!
Authors: Derek Bickerton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Although Carruthers’ proposals avoid some of the more obvious pitfalls that face analysts of the language-cognition relationship, they are needlessly complex and vitiated by his uncritical acceptance of a highly modular variety of evolutionary psychology. He pays insufficient attention both to the neural substrate of the processes he hypothesizes and to the evolutionary developments that gave rise to both language and human cognition.
Expression levels of histone deacetylases and acetylation of histone H4 and tubulin associated with breast cancer progression.
Authors: J Suzuki, Y Chen, S DeVries, L Chan, FL Baehner, CC Benz, FM Waldman, E Hwang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2051 Background: Excess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity can induce global hypoacetylation of histone and non-histone protein substrates, altering gene expression patterns and cell behavior potentially associated with malignant transformation. However, HDAC expression and protein acetylation have not previously been studied in the context of breast cancer progression.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess expression levels of acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acH4K12, acTubulin, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections with synchronous normal epithelium (N), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) components from 58 archived samples at UCSF. Staining was assessed on the basis of H-score, defined as the sum of the intensity of staining (0-3) multiplied by % of stained cells for each intensity (score range 0-300). H-score differences between groups were tested for significance using either the Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples.&amp;#x2028; Results: From N to DCIS, there was a marked reduction in histone acetylation (acH4, acH4K12). Tubulin acetylation, a marker of non-histone protein acetylation, showed a smaller reduction. Expression of all three HDACs was also reduced, but to a lesser extent than histone acetylation. Moreover, from DCIS to IDC, the same pattern of changes in acetylation and HDAC expression was seen, although these differences were of smaller magnitude than between N and DCIS. All markers were significantly different between N and DCIS (all p&amp;lt;0.0001) and between DCIS and IDC (all p&amp;lt;0.03). ER-negative tumors exhibited greater changes from N to DCIS than did ER-positive tumors, particularly for acH4 and HDAC1 (p=0.05 and 0.0001 respectively). High-grade invasive tumors showed more significant changes from N to DCIS than low/intermediate grade tumors for acH4, acH4K12, acTubulin, and HDAC1 (p=0.0009, 0.006, 0.05, and &amp;lt;0.0001 respectively). The change in protein acetylation and HDAC expression with cancer progression did not differ by HER2 status or age (≤50 or &amp;gt;50).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Overall there was a pattern of hypoacetylation associated with malignant progression, with normal epithelium exhibiting the highest acH4, acH4K12, and acTubulin levels and IDC exhibiting the lowest levels. Paradoxically, expression of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 was not increased; thus, our data support that histone hypoacetylation is not regulated by HDAC expression but rather by modulation of HDAC activity. Outcome studies and clinical trials are needed to assess the prognostic significance of these findings and to determine how effectively HDAC inhibitors could reverse the hypoacetylation observed in progression from N to DCIS and IDC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2051.
Family Functioning and Metabolic Control of School-Aged Children With IDDM
Authors: Maria Kovacs, Robert E Kass, Theresa M Schnell, David Goldston, Judith Marsh
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The relationship of two aspects of family life to metabolic control wereexamined as part of a longitudinal study of school-aged children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Glycosylated hemoglobin level was the primary index of metabolic control; weight-adjusted insulin dosage served as an indirect index. Neither the quality of family life nor aspects of the parents' marriage predicted the child's metabolic control over the next 3–4 mo, and they were also unrelated toconcurrent weight-adjusted insulin dosage. Longitudinal data spanning a 6-yr period of the child's diabetes also failed to reveal an association between aspects of family life and metabolic control. The significance ofthe findings are discussed in light of the sample's characteristics and possible methodological constraints.
Preventing hepatitis C virus recurrence in liver transplant recipients: A role for adoptive immunotherapy?
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Stéphane Chevaliez
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract After liver transplantation in HCV-infected patients, the virus load inevitably exceeds pretransplantation levels. This phenomenon reflects suppression of the host-effector immune responses that control HCV replication by the immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent rejection of the transplanted liver. Here, we describe an adoptive immunotherapy approach, using lymphocytes extracted from liver allograft perfusate (termed herein liver allograft–derived lymphocytes), which includes an abundance of NK/NKT cells that mounted an anti-HCV response in HCV-infected liver transplantation recipients, despite the immunosuppressive environment. This therapy involved intravenously injecting patients 3 days after liver transplantation with liver allograft–derived lymphocytes treated with IL-2 and the CD3-specific mAb OKT3. During the first month after liver transplantation, the HCV RNA titers in the sera of recipients who received immunotherapy were markedly lower than those in the sera of recipients who did not receive immunotherapy. We further explored these observations in human hepatocyte–chimeric mice, in which mouse hepatocytes were replaced by human hepatocytes. These mice unfailingly developed HCV infections after inoculation with HCV-infected human serum. However, injection of human liver-derived lymphocytes treated with IL-2/OKT3 completely prevented HCV infection. Furthermore, an in vitro study using genomic HCV replicon–containing hepatic cells revealed that IFN-γ–secreting cells played a pivotal role in such anti-HCV responses. Thus, our study presents what we believe to be a novel paradigm for the inhibition of HCV replication in HCV-infected liver transplantation recipients. © 2010 American Society for Clinical Investigation.
Relation between cholecystokinin and antral innervation in the control of gastric emptying in the rat.
Authors: A Higham, C Vaillant, B Yegen, D G Thompson, G J Dockray
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Antral motility and the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) are major determinants of the rate of gastric emptying. The relation between CCK and antral neurons in regulating gastric emptying is uncertain. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) causes selective lesions in gut myenteric neurons after serosal application. AIM: To develop a model of antral denervation using BAC to enable the study of the relation between CCK and antral neurons in regulating gastric emptying. METHODS: BAC, vehicle or the afferent neurotoxin capsaicin were applied to the serosal surface of the rat antrum or corpus; neurochemical markers of intrinsic and afferent neurons were detected by using immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Gastric retention of solids was determined after fasting, and emptying of liquids was measured in rats with gastric fistulae. RESULTS: In BAC treated rats radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts revealed a dose related specific loss of gastrin releasing peptide, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivities from the treated region, and immunohistochemistry revealed loss of the neuronal marker PGP 9.5 and the afferent neuropeptide calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Adjacent untreated regions were unaffected by BAC, with the exception that CGRP was depleted in both corpus and antrum after antral treatment. After antral BAC treatment fasted rats retained solids for over 48 hours. Moreover, in antrally denervated rats with gastric fistulae, the emptying of saline, acid and peptone was delayed substantially. The CCK dependent inhibition of gastric emptying of peptone was preserved after antral treatment with BAC. CONCLUSIONS: Serosal BAC causes lesions in the innervation of the treated region of the stomach. The innervation of the antrum is essential for normal emptying of both liquids and solids, but the inhibition of gastric emptying produced by CCK is not dependent on antral neurons.
A Simple Method for Differential Culture
Authors: A. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Garrod (1942) has recently described the use of gentian violet blood agar for the isolation of streptococci.He recommends that gentian violet should be incorporated in blood agar in a concentration of 1 in 500,d00, as on this medium staphylococci, diphtheroid bacilli, and some other organisms are completel-y inhibited, while haemolytic and other streptococci grow freely.Of course, this medium permits free growth of organisms such as coliform bacilli, B. proteus, etc.ln 1931 1 tested the bacteriostatic power of gentian violet in human blood on various organisms in slide cells, with the following results: Test Concentration of Gentian Violet in Delbucocyted Blood Organism
Outside Europe. An urban community health project.
Authors: E H Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Long ago in the dark ages, when I was still a medical student, sick people were called patients?that is, passive agents, and my revered seniors expected them to behave as such. They were to ask no questions, but were to be entirely passive agents on whom the gifted doctors could practise their noble art. Today, though sick people are still called patients, things have changed a great deal. For nowadays patients want to ask ques tions, to understand something of their disease and its treatment, and to accept some degree of responsibility for the eventual out come. Many patients benefit greatly from this more mature co operative approach to medical care. There is a growing feeling that acceptance of a degree of personal responsibility is essential for individual health, for health care is not something that can be totally contracted out to hired experts, whether they be consultant surgeons in a hospital or professional masseurs in an executive gymnasium. Personal involvement in one's own care is itself a health-generating activity.
Quinidine for Prophylaxis of Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Saul S. Bloomfield, Donald W. Romhilt, Te-Chuan Chou, Noble O. Fowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract The efficacy of quinidine therapy for the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias was determined in a prospective controlled clinical trial involving 53 patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. After a loading procedure, 300 mg of quinidine sulfate or placebo was administered orally every six hours for five days under balanced, random, double-blind conditions. An automated arrhythmia detection system was used to quantify arrhythmias from stored continuous electrocardiographic tape recordings. By the sixth hour of therapy quinidine-treated patients demonstrated a 50 per cent reduction (p less than 0.001) in ventricular and supraventricular premature contractions, a 33 per cent lowered incidence (p less than 0.05) of serious ventricular arrhythmias and a blood quinidine level of 2.5 ± 0.3 (mean ± S.E.M.) mg per liter. One patient died in each treatment group. Mild adverse reactions to quinidine were observed in only two patients. Quinidine at a dosage producing modest blood concentration ...
LEFT-DOMINANT CORONARY ARTERY CIRCULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: DATA FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR DATA REGISTRY FOR CATHETERIZATION PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Nisha I. Parikh, Eric J. Rosenthal, Emily Honeycutt, Matthew Roe, Murray A. Mittleman, Kalon K.L. Ho, Joseph P. Carrozza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
GW25-e0299 Zp123 Reduces Defibrillation Energy by Preventing Connexion-43 Remodeling in Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation in Swine
Authors: Shao-lei Yi, Jing Zhang, Guo-ying Su, Jing-sha Li, Hong-zhen Liu, Yun Zhang, Jing-quan Zhong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Follow-Up of a Large-B-Cell Pancreatic Lymphoma by Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: M. T. Soria, A. Ginès, R. Miquel, M. Pellisé, G. Fernández-Esparrach, E. Campo, J. Llach, J. M. Bordas
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Although computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are well-established procedures used to evaluate pancreatic masses, it is well known that imaging techniques alone cannot be used to distinguish between adenocarcinoma and tumors of less common cellular origin, such as primary pancreatic lymphoma. Clinicians must always consider this kind of malignancy in their differential diagnosis since, although rare, its treatment is nonsurgical and it has a better prognosis than adenocarcinoma. Histological examination of focal masses in the pancreas is therefore mandatory in order to establish the best therapeutic approach for every patient. Endoscopic ultrasound has developed as a very useful tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors but could also be considered as a very useful method in the follow-up of these patients after treatment.
Soluble CD40 ligand can replace the normal T cell-derived CD40 ligand signal to B cells in T cell-dependent activation.
Authors: P Lane, T Brocker, S Hubele, E Padovan, A Lanzavecchia, F McConnell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

We have constructed a soluble chimeric fusion protein between the mouse CD8 alpha chain and the mouse CD40 T cell ligand. This protein binds to both human and mouse B cells. By itself it induced a modest degree of B cell proliferation, but together with anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) antibody it greatly stimulated B cell proliferation, as determined by both [3H]thymidine uptake and increase in cell numbers. These data are evidence that the CD40 ligand on T cells provides a signal that drives B cell proliferation. This signal is synergistic with that delivered by anti-Ig antibody.
Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load
Authors: Tai–Chung Tseng, Chun–Jen Liu, Hung–Chih Yang, Tung–Hung Su, Chia–Chi Wang, Chi–Ling Chen, Stephanie Fang–Tzu Kuo, Chen–Hua Liu, Pei–Jer Chen, Ding–Shinn Chen, Jia–Horng Kao
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) usually indicates the cure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconverters, lower serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels have been shown to be associated with HBsAg loss over time. However, little is known about their impacts on HBsAg loss in HBeAg-negative patients with limited viral replication. A total of 688 HBeAg-negative patients with baseline serum HBV DNA levels <2000 IU/mL were enrolled in Taiwan. The relationships of HBsAg and HBV DNA levels with subsequent HBsAg loss were investigated. In a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, the average annual rate of HBsAg loss was 1.6%. Baseline HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were inversely associated with subsequent HBsAg loss. When compared to patients who had HBsAg levels >1000 IU/mL, the rates of HBsAg loss were significantly higher in patients with HBsAg levels of 100-999, 10-99, and <10 IU/mL, with hazard ratios of 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.0), 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6-5.0), and 13.2 (95% CI, 8.1-21.5), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that HBsAg level, but not HBV DNA, remained as an independent factor. The adjusted hazard ratio of HBsAg loss was 13.2 (95% CI, 7.8-22.1) for HBsAg level <10 versus ≥ 1000 IU/mL. When compared to HBV DNA level by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, HBsAg level served as a better predictor of both 5-year and 10-year HBsAg loss.In HBeAg-negative patients with HBV genotype B or C infection who have HBV DNA level <2000 IU/mL, HBsAg level <10 IU/mL is the strongest predictor of HBsAg loss.
Short- and long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: A randomized trial of lisinopril versus captopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure
Authors: Thomas D. Giles, Richard Katz, Jay M. Sullivan, Paul Wolfson, Mark Haugland, Philip Kirlin, Eric Powers, Stuart Rich, Barry Hackshaw, Anthony Chiaramida, J.L. Rouleau, Mary B. Fisher, Joseph Pigeon, Janet E. Rush
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Disulfiram—Alcohol Side Effects
Authors: Ruth Fox
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I want to take this opportunity to discuss a letter (<b>201</b>: 1051,1967), "Psychotic Reaction to Disulfiram," written by Jordan M. Scher, MD, of Chicago. Disulfiram (Antabuse) comes as a white scored tablet of 0.5 gm. It is given by mouth in a dose of 0.5 gm (1 tablet) daily, usually on arising, for five days. Thereafter the patient is maintained for months or years on 0.25 gm (one-half tablet) daily. Side reactions at this dose level are extremely rare, and usually disappear within a week or two, even though the same dose is maintained. In a few patients (approximately 1%) a mild skin rash develops, which subsides quickly if the dose is lowered to 0.125 gm (one-quarter tablet) daily for one to two weeks. Then the patient usually can be returned to 0.25 gm daily without a recurrence of the rash. In the past 18 years I
The Desire for Sexual Transformation: A Psychiatric Evaluation of Transsexualism
Authors: CHARLES W. SOCARIDES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In this author's view, an individual's wish for sexual transformation (transsexualism) does not constitute an independent diagnostic category. It is found in association with several clinical conditions and is a consequence of the inability to develop appropriate gender identity in accordance with anatomy. The transsexual desperately seeks radical surgical procedures and endocrinological treatment. In this author's opinion, however, such surgical intervention constitutes a sanctioning of the transsexual's pathological view of reality and cannot resolve the underlying conflict.
Striking a Balance Between Feasible and Realistic Biological Models
Authors: Andrea Califano
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

The fusion of empirical science with large-scale computing platforms has allowed rapid advances in our ability to model physiological and pathophysiological processes in silico. In this week's issue of Science Translational Medicine, Tran et al. present a simple framework for the quantitative modeling of oncogene addiction that provides mechanistic insights into tumor biology.
Microspore and microgametophyte development in relation to biological activity of environmental pollutants.
Authors: J P Mascarenhas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The pattern of synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in the development of the microspore and later during pollen germination and tube growth is discussed. In the pollen grain at the time of anthesis all the proteins that are required for germination and early tube growth are either already present, or if new proteins are synthesized, the messenger RNAs for their synthesis already exist in the ungerminated pollen grain. In addition, similar proteins are synthesized on new mRNAs during germination and pollen tube growth as are synthesized on premade mRNAs. The genetic program during at least the latter part of pollen maturation prior to anthesis is thus the same as that during pollen germination and tube growth. Accordingly, one cannot treat mature pollen with mutagens and expect to be able to score the pollen tubes for mutant proteins. Treatment with mutagenic compounds would have to be during pollen maturation in the anther, before the transcription for the proteins required during germination and pollen tube growth has occurred. Available evidence indicates that this is very early in pollen development, possibly soon after meiosis. The value of pollen tubes to monitor for chemicals that affect the intracellular motility systems of organisms is also discussed.
Asian Influenza
Authors: William P. Boger, Herbert G. Aaronson, Jack W. Frankel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN previous publications1 , 2 it was reported that in the large closed population of this institution a few elderly patients of mid-European origin had serologic evidence of previous experience with influenza virus similar to, if not actually identical to, the Asian strain. Furthermore, as an original vaccination 1 ml., — equivalent to 500 C.C.A. (chicken-cell-agglutinating) units, — injected subcutaneously, was superior to 0.1 ml. (50 C.C.A. units) of the same vaccine injected intradermally; when a second injection of 0.1 ml. (20 C.C.A. units) intradermally, or 1 ml. (200 C.C.A. units) subcutaneously, was administered four weeks after initial vaccination with 1 ml. . . .