tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of the absence of abdominal muscles on pulmonary function and exercise.
Authors: J M Ewig, N T Griscom, M E Wohl
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In order to determine the long-term sequelae of prune belly syndrome (PBS) and whether the absence of abdominal wall musculature impairs exercise performance we studied nine patients 6 to 31 yr of age with PBS. Conventional spirometry, lung volumes, DLCO, and respiratory muscle strength were measured. A progressive 1-min incremental exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometer, and relative abdominal and chest wall displacements were measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). Mean values of TLC, FRC, and RV were 94 +/- 12, 88 +/- 13, and 94 +/- 41%, respectively. Mean values of PEFR, FEV1, and FEF25-75 were 83 +/- 24, 92 +/- 23, and 83 +/- 28%, respectively. Maximal expiratory pressures were significantly reduced in seven of nine patients, with marked reduction in four (>3 SD below the mean). Percent predicted maximal VO2 achieved, % maximal work, and % maximal heart rate were 79 +/- 13, 78 +/- 14, and 87 +/- 2%, respectively. All seven subjects with absent abdominal musculature had paradoxical motion of the abdomen during quiet respiration in the erect or sitting position and while exercising. These subjects had synchronous breathing at rest in the supine position. Although the etiology of the relatively low work rates and VO2 achieved was multifactorial, we speculate that the abdominal paradox in these subjects necessitates abnormally large rib cage displacements during exercise, which may be a significant contributing factor to exercise limitation in some of these subjects.
Bush vetoes bill to expand stem cell research
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

President Bush has blocked legislation passed by the US Congress that would have removed some restrictions on stem cell research.

It is the first time that the president has used his power of veto to scupper a bill. Several senior Republicans voted for more stem cell research, but neither the House of Representatives nor the Senate had enough votes to override the president's veto.

President Bush said, “If this bill …
Application of the TIMI Risk Score for ST-Elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3
Authors: David A. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (2001)

FFECTIVE RISK STRATIFICATION IS integral to management of acute coronary syndromes. 13][4] Early risk assessment guides triage to alternative levels of hospital care, decisions regarding therapeutic interventions, and application of clinical pathways that direct patient care and use of clinical resources.Despite wellcharacterized risk predictors, 5-7 reliable quantitative estimation of risk is challenging, as patients present with complex risk profiles requiring integration of numerous elements of qualitative and quantitative data.Thus, practical tools that enhance clinicians' ability to rapidly and accurately assess risk are of substantial interest.The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for STEMI is a simple integer score that can be used at the bedside for risk stratification of patients at presentation with STelevation acute coronary syndromes. 8Derived from 14114 patients enrolled in the InTIME II (Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early) trial, the TIMI risk score is a ro-
Abstract 2945: Antitumor activities of 2-fluorofucose, an orally active agent that inhibits cell-surface fucosylation
Authors: Nicole Okeley, Amy Zhang, Stephen Alley, Martha Anderson, Che-Leung Law, Peter Senter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Fucose is a component of many carbohydrates that are found on the outer membranes of cancer cells. There is evidence that loss of this sugar from cell-surface glycoproteins can change cancer cell behavior, including growth and metastasis. We have previously demonstrated that 2-fluorofucose (SGD-2083) blocks the fucosylation of antibodies in vitro and in vivo due to the depletion of GDP-activated fucose inside cells. These findings provide the basis for evaluating the antitumor activities of SGD-2083, since alterations of the fucose content on cell surfaces could potentially impact tumor growth and adhesion. To explore this, SGD-2083 was given orally to mice with carcinoma and hematologic tumor xenografts. Significant antitumor activities were obtained in prostate, renal cell and colorectal carcinomas, but not in the two hematologic cancer models tested. The doses used to achieve efficacy were well-tolerated. FACS analysis was used to detect alterations in tumor cell surface fucosylation in animals that responded to treatment with SGD-2083. Signal reduction was observed on E-selectin ligand and several other cell surface fucose linkages, while little or no response to the treatment was observed in the fucosylation of cell surface P-selectin ligand. These results show that oral administration of SGD-2083 leads to the alteration of tumor cell surface fucosylation in a well-defined manner, and this may account for the observed activities of this novel antitumor agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2945. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2945
Isolation of a calcium-regulatory protein from black pigment gallstones: Similarity with a protein from cholesterol gallstones
Authors: Masayuki Okido, Shuji Shimizu, J. Donald Ostrow, Fumio Nakayama
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

We have previously isolated from 13 cholesterol gallstones a low molecular weight acidic bili-protein that inhibited the precipitation of calcium carbonate in vitro. We now report the isolation of a similar protein from seven black pigment gallstones. Cholesterol was removed from the stones by Soxhlet apparatus with methyl t-butyl ether, and bile acids were extracted with methanol. The protein was purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after demineralization of the stones with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Structural and functional properties of the protein from the black stones that were similar to the protein from the cholesterol stones included the following: (a) an apparent molecular weight of about 5 kD; (b) a high content of acidic (19.8%) and hydrophobic (50.1%) amino acids with a low content of basic residues (8.4%) and little sulfide-containing amino acids (1.9%); (c) an inhibitory effect on both the initiation and growth of calcium carbonate crystals in vitro; and (d) very tight (possibly covalent) binding of a diazo-positive yellow pigment, presumably bilirubin, with maximum spectral absorbance at 410 nm. The structural and functional similarities of these bili-proteins from black pigment and cholesterol gallstones and their striking effects on calcium carbonate precipitation in vitro suggest that they play a common role in the regulation of precipitation of calcium salts during the formation of both types of gallstones. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:1079–1085).
Radioactive Iodine Concentration in the Fetal Human Thyroid Gland from Fall-out
Authors: William H. Beierwaltes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A study was made of the occurrence of I<sup>131</sup>in human fetal thyroid glands apparently resulting from I<sup>131</sup>received by the mother from nuclear weapons testing or other types of population contamination. Radioactivity compatible with I<sup>131</sup>was found in the human fetal thyroid gland. The maximum concentration of I<sup>131</sup>was 265 μμc per gram of fetal thyroid tissue, 29.1 μμc per gram of adult hog thyroid tissue and 22.9 μμc per gram of adult thyroid tissue. The highest activity found on a reagent blank was 10.0 μμc The calculated maximum total radiation delivered to any human fetal thyroid gland was 0.47 rads. The average total dose was 0.05 rads. Extrapolations from data on animals suggest that it is unlikely that this quantity of radiation would produce hypothyroidism or carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
Abstract 2093: Functional screening of tumor-suppressive microRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ken-ichi Kozaki, Atsushi Uesugi, Mayuko Furuta, Issei Imoto, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In human cancer, the DNA hypermethylation of CpG-sites located within CpG islands is one of important molecular mechanisms causing the down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a similar manner to that demonstrated for classical tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, to identify tumor-suppressive miRNAs (TS-miRs) silenced by hypermethylation during oral carcinogenesis, we first performed function-based screening for TS-miRs in 327 miRNA in 2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines with Pre-miR™ miRNA Precursor Library-Human V2. Remarkable growth inhibition was observed in 110 miRNAs (33.6%) as compared with precursor negative control, and 61 miRNAs of these miRNAs were localized around CpG-islands. Among these 61 miRNAs, we further analyzed DNA hypermethylation by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) in 33 loci containing CpG-islands around 33 mature miRNAs, except 28 miRNAs which have been already reported as TS-miRs or targets for DNA methylation for silencing in cancer cells, resulting in identification of some miRNAs as the candidate TS-miRs silencing by CpG island hypermethylation. Expression levels of these candidate miRNAs were inversely correlated with their DNA methylation status, and were restored by treatment with 5-aza 2’-deoxycytidine in OSCC cells. Moreover, the ectopic transfection of these miRNAs into OSCC lines lacking their expressions significantly reduced cell growth. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that these candidates are TS-miRs epigenetically silenced during oral carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2093.
Intravenous Propafenone for Termination of Reentrant Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Edward N. Shen, Edmund Keung, Edward Huycke, Mary L. Dohrmann, Ngai Nguyen, Fred Morady, Ruey J. Sung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

To assess the antiarrhythmic efficacy of intravenous propafenone, 20 patients with inducible sustained supraventricular tachycardia received propafenone, 2 mg/ kg body weight, or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Three patients had intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia, 3 had atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and 14 had atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Termination of supraventricular tachycardia occurred in 15 of the 20 patients receiving propafenone but 0 of the 11 patients receiving placebo (p< 0.01). Propafenone prolonged refractoriness and slowed conduction of the atrium, the atrioventricular node, and accessory atrioventricular bypass tracts, and these effects provided antiarrhythmic action to halt tachycardia. No adverse effects were observed in any patient. We conclude that intravenous propafenone is safe and effective in the acute treatment of various forms of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia.
Relapse in schizophrenia.
Authors: J K Wing
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Relapse in schizophreniaSchizophrenia is a mental disorder (or group of disorders) defined solely in terms of its manifestations in affect, speech, and behaviour.The florid, or "positive," symptoms include unusual cognitive and perceptual experiences that tend to be described in terms of particular kinds of delusions and hallucinations.The deficit, or "negative," symptoms include psychomotor slowness, underactivity, lack of initiative, and difficulties in using verbal and non-verbal means of communication.Disorder of thought (postulated because of the common speech disorder) may provide a link between the two syndromes.How many symptoms and in what combinations are required for a diagnosis remains a matter of opinion.Attempts to avoid this problem by providing an authoritative set of rules, such as those in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, mark an important advance but are unsatisfactory on two counts.'Firstly, only the rules are laid down; the definitions of the symptoms to be classified are not-consequently there is room for much variability in interpretation.Secondly, the rules cannot be validated against independent criteria but must be taken or left as they stand.The same disadvantages are inherent in "top down" rating systems such as the diagnostic interview schedule, constructed to derive such classifications.2
The transcription factor Foxp1 is a critical negative regulator of the differentiation of follicular helper T cells
Authors: Haikun Wang, Jianlin Geng, Xiaomin Wen, Enguang Bi, Andrew V Kossenkov, Amaya I Wolf, Jeroen Tas, Youn Soo Choi, Hiroshi Takata, Timothy J Day, Li-Yuan Chang, Stephanie L Sprout, Emily K Becker, Jessica Willen, Lifeng Tian, Xinxin Wang, Changchun Xiao, Ping Jiang, Shane Crotty, Gabriel D Victora, Louise C Showe, Haley O Tucker, Jan Erikson, Hui Hu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Carboplatin is effective therapy for young children with progressive optic pathway tumors: A Pediatric Oncology Group phase II study
Authors: Donald H. Mahoney, Michael E. Cohen, Henry S. Friedman, James L. Kepner, Linda Gemer, James W. Langston, Hector E. James, Patricia K. Duffner, Larry E. Kun
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2000)

The Pediatric Oncology Group conducted a phase II study to evaluate the activity of carboplatin in children 5 years or younger with progressive optic pathway tumors (OPTs). Of the 51 patients accrued to this study, 1 was not eligible because the child was older than 6 years. Fifty patients were eligible and had either neuro-imaging or symptomatic evidence of progressive OPTs. Twenty-one of 50 had evidence of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1). Therapy consisted of carboplatin 560 mg/m2 at 4-week intervals. Patients with stable disease or better after two courses were continued on therapy for 18 months or until progressive disease. Of the 50 eligible children, 39 had stable disease or better, and 34 completed the 18-month therapy. Our data are sufficient to conclude that the proportion of objective responses (complete, partial, or minor response or stable disease) exceeded 30% (P < 0.00001), and the approximate 95% confidence interval estimate of the objective response rate was 0.665 to 0.895. Twenty-one patients went off protocol because of progressive disease. Fifteen patients progressed during the 18-month therapy, and 6 patients progressed after completing therapy. Six children died with progressive disease. Major toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and 3 children experienced allergic reactions. Carboplatin is active and safe for the treatment of young children with progressive OPTs. The addition of other potentially active drugs may further increase the event-free survival for these children.
Calcium-channel blockers and asthma.
Authors: P J Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1983)

EditorialCalcium-channel blockers and asthma The concentration of free calcium ions (Ca++) in the cytoplasm regulates many aspects of cell function, including muscle contraction and the secretion of mediators, neurotransmitters and hormones.Con- traction of airway smooth muscle, secretion of mast cell mediators and mucus, and vagal neurotransmis- sion, all of which may be increased in asthma, are dependent on movement of Ca++ into the cell.This raises the possibility that an increase in Ca++ flux may be a fundamental abnormality in asthma and might be an explanation for bronchial hyperreactivity.'The development of drugs that interfere with the entry of Ca++ into cells has now made it possible to study the role of Ca++ in disease, and these drugs are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.There has recently been increasing interest in the use of calcium-channel blockers in asthma, not because of their therapeutic potential but because of what they may reveal about underlying mechanisms. CALCIUM IONS AND CELL FUNCTIONThe concentration of free intracellular Ca++ in rest- ing cells is approximately 0-1 ,moIIl, whereas that in extracellular fluid is 1 mmo0l/;2 3 and recent studies using bioluminescent indicators of free intracellular Ca++ have found that the Ca++ concentration increases 100-fold after cell activation.45When intracellular Ca++ rises to a critical concentration (about 1 ,umol/l) it binds to a specific binding protein called calmodulin, which then activates the specific kinase and enzyme system that brings about the response, such as contraction or secretion.This increase in cytoplasmic Ca++ is derived from extracellular Ca`+ or intracellular stores (mainly sarcoplasmic reticulum), or both.Indeed, the entry of Ca++ into the cell may trigger the release of Ca++ from intracellular stores.The source of Ca++ required for the cellular response may differ from tissue to tissue.The cell membrane itself is impermeable to Ca++ and Ca++ moves into the cell through specific channels.These are macromolecular structures traversing the membrane
Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Caused by Infection in a Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Christopher J. Drayna, Clifton P. Titcomb, Rajiv R. Varma, Konrad H. Soergel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE contribution of ammonia to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy has been widely investigated.1 , 2 Hyperammonemia and cerebral dysfunction in the absence of liver disease and portal hypertension have been reported in patients with acquired3 or congenital4 , 5 deficiency of hepatic enzymes of the Krebs urea cycle and in patients who have had ureterosigmoidostomy.6 7 8 9 However, in the latter group coexistent liver disease was present and could have contributed to encephalopathy.6 7 8 9 We report the case of a patient who had recurrent hyperammonemic encephalopathy despite adequate urea-cycle enzymes and normal liver structure. The source of the elevated blood ammonia was excessive bacterial production of . . .
A Case of Abdominal Torsion of the Omentum
Authors: F. R. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1926)

Tuu Bit m 83 -30, I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNA"LL 8 during operations on man.My method is also easier than that of Jonnesco, in wlhich the excision of the stellate ganglion requires expert skill.Suclh are the arguments in favour of my method.The l)robability that it will be very effective is indicated by the improvement obtained by Hofer's opeiration, which divides the depressor nerve, -and the results of my earlier methlods, inlcluding cervical sympathectomy and section of the sympathetic and vertebral nerves.In the report of the Nancy Congress (IPresse Mid., August, 1925) occ'urs this note: "Leriche of Strasbouig reports a case of angina pectoris wlithout cardiac lesions hut accompanied by slight aortic dilatation, which has remained cured for five months thiuls far, by removal, after the principles stated by Danielopolu, of the left cervical sy-ipathetic clhain, froom the upper cervical to the stellate ganglion, wlhich was left intact.T'lhe last three cervical communicatinig branches aind the two roots of the vertebral nerve were also divided.The result is excellent."Jacobovici also obtained a goodl result in one case by applying my method.The eairlier operations in which my method was used were thus very encouraging.As to the question of danger, all the clinical an1d plh.ysiological facts permit.me to state that the nerve inter fer encies are harnmless.The fatal results after th1e Jonn1iesco operationi are due to acute myocardial insuffi- ciency produced by rem11oval of the stellate ganglion, whi;CI 1 leave untouched.The question may be raised wlhethlei the operationi should be performed bilaterally.I have
Richard Henderson Yearsley
Authors: Aidan Stowe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Forde Cayley went from medical school straight into service in wartime France and then to Singapore.Captured by the Japanese, he was taken to the infamous River Kwai.The horrors he had witnessed never left him, but he believed in reconciliation, not hatred.As a postwar pioneer of drug treatment for tuberculosis, he took up the respiratory medicine post that he held until retirement.His spare time was divided between BMA activities, his work as a lay reader, and in his prolific vegetable plot.Predeceased by his wife, Eileen, he leaves two sons and three grandsons.
F-18 FDG and F-18 FDOPA PET Brain Imaging in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Hung-Jen Hsieh, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Yum-Kung Chu, Cheng-Pei Chang, Shyh-Jen Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), originally described by Dawson in 1933, is today recognized as a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by latent infection with mutated measles virus. Its threat is higher in underdeveloped nations and is expected to increase in the United States because of the measles epidemic in 1988–1990. Concomitant F-18 FDG PET and F-18 FDOPA PET brain images in SSPE appear to be unusual.
Riding the Crest of the Teachable Moment: Promoting Long-Term Health After the Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Noreen M. Aziz, Julia H. Rowland, Bernardine M. Pinto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Cancer survivors are at increased risk for several comorbid conditions, and many seek lifestyle change to reduce dysfunction and improve long-term health. To better understand the impact of cancer on adult survivors' health and health behaviors, a review was conducted to determine (1) prevalent physical health conditions, (2) persistent lifestyle changes, and (3) outcomes of previous lifestyle interventions aimed at improving health within this population. Methods Relevant studies from 1966 and beyond were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Results Cancer survivors are at increased risk for progressive disease but also for second primaries, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and functional decline. To improve overall health, survivors frequently initiate diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes after diagnosis. However, those who are male, older, and less educated are less likely to adopt these changes. There also is selective uptake of messages, as evidenced by findings that only 25% to 42% of survivors consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and approximately 70% of breast and prostate cancer survivors are overweight or obese. Several behavioral interventions show promise for improving survivors' health-related outcomes. Oncologists can play a pivotal role in health promotion, yet only 20% provide such guidance. Conclusion With 64% of cancer patients surviving &gt; 5 years beyond diagnosis, oncologists are challenged to expand their focus from acute care to managing the long-term health consequences of cancer. Although more research is needed, opportunities exist for oncologists to promote lifestyle changes that may improve the length and quality of life of their patients.