tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance of chylomicron remnants in normolipidaemic patients with coronary artery disease: case control study over three years
Authors: M. S Weintraub, I. Grosskopf, T. Rassin, H. Miller, G. Charach, H. H Rotmensch, M. Liron, A. Rubinstein, A. Iaina
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To test the hypothesis that subjects who clear chylomicron remnants slowly from plasma may be at higher risk of coronary artery disease than indicated by their fasting plasma lipid concentrations. <b>Design</b>: Case control study over three years. <b>Setting</b>: An 800 bed general municipal hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 85 normolipidaemic patients with coronary artery disease selected prospectively and matched with 85 normolipidaemic subjects with normal coronary arteries on angiography. <b>Interventions</b>: All subjects were given a vitamin A fat loading test which specifically labels intestinal lipoproteins with retinyl palmitate. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. <b>Results</b>: The area below the chylomicron remnant retinyl palmitate curve was significantly increased in the coronary artery disease group as compared with the controls (mean 23.4 (SD 15.0) v 15.3 (8.9) µmol/l.h; 95% confidence interval of difference 4.37 to 11.82). <b>Conclusions</b>: Normolipidaemic patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher concentrations of chylomicron remnants in plasma than normolipidaemic subjects with normal coronary vessels. This may explain the mechanism underlying the susceptibility to atherosclerosis of coronary artery disease patients with normal fasting lipid values. As diet and drugs can ameliorate the accumulation of postprandial lipoproteins in plasma, the concentration of chylomicron remnants should be measured in patients at high risk of coronary artery disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages The atherogenic effect of postprandial lipoproteins is hypothesised to be inversely related to their metabolic capacity Patients with coronary artery disease have decreased metabolic capacity of chylomicron remnants as compared with subjects with normal coronary arteries An ensuing postprandial dyslipidaemia may exist in patients with coronary artery disease who have normal fasting lipid values A vitamin A fat loading test may be useful in identifying these patients
Effects of contraction-excitation feedback on electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis in rabbits with experimental left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: W Jauch, M N Hicks, S M Cobbe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to investigate the influence of contraction-excitation feedback on myocardial electrophysiology and arrhythmia susceptibility in the setting of experimental left ventricular hypertrophy.New Zealand White rabbits with perinephritis hypertension were used. With the hearts perfused in vitro, left ventricular monophasic action potential duration and local effective refractory periods were determined at three sites, namely the anterior, apical, and posterior wall, together with ventricular tachycardia inducibility and ventricular fibrillation threshold under different loading conditions.The left ventricular dry weight to body weight ratio was increased by 31% in the hypertrophied group (3.863 x 10(-4), v 2.955 x 10(-4) in the controls). Left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with prolongation of action potential duration when the left ventricle was not loaded and under normal loading conditions. Changing from unloaded Langendorff to baseline working heart perfusion resulted in a consistent decrease in action potential duration and effective refractory period at all left ventricular sites in both hypertrophied and control hearts. Subsequent manipulations of myocardial loading resulted in decreases in action potential duration and effective refractory period in both groups of hearts. Ventricular tachycardia could not be induced in any heart in Langendorff mode. Under different increased loading conditions, a total of four hypertrophied hearts (44%) became inducible, while control hearts remained non-inducible. The ventricular fibrillation threshold under conditions of increased load tended to be lower in the hypertrophied hearts than the control hearts; in the setting of increased preload the hypertrophied group showed significantly increased vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (median threshold currents 35 mA v > 100 mA, p < 0.05).Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with a prolongation of action potential duration and effective refractory period and an increased arrhythmia susceptibility in the setting of increased myocardial loading. There were no marked differences between the groups in the magnitude of the changes in action potential duration, effective refractory period, or dispersion of repolarisation and refractoriness resulting from manipulations of myocardial loading that could have been implicated in the increased arrhythmia susceptibility of the hypertrophied hearts during changes in load.
Diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to radiocontrast media
Authors: M. Salas, F. Gomez, T. D. Fernandez, I. Doña, A. Aranda, A. Ariza, N. Blanca‐López, C. Mayorga, M. Blanca, M. J. Torres
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background No consensus exists on the diagnostic approach for immediate hypersensitivity reactions ( IHR ) to radiocontrast media ( RCM ). We analyzed the diagnostic value of a skin test ( ST ), drug provocation test ( DPT ) and basophil activation test ( BAT ) in patients with symptoms compatible with IHR to RCM . Methods Ninety patients with symptoms suggestive of IHR to RCM were evaluated. ST with a panel of RCM was performed, and if negative, DPT was carried out with the culprit RCM . If ST or DPT were positive, tolerance was assessed with an alternative RCM and BAT was carried out with the same panel used for ST . Results Eight (8.9%) cases were confirmed as having IHR , 5 (62.5%) by ST and 3 (37.5%) by DPT . Five from those confirmed as IHR (62.5%) had a positive BAT . Conclusions Hypersensitivity to RCM was confirmed in 9%, by ST or DPT . BAT proved a valuable method for diagnosis.
Australian GPs face red tape crisis, commission says
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A federal government think tank has recommended that the state should compensate doctors for administrative red tape, which it estimates costs the average Australian GP more than A$13 000 (£5050; $8050; €7300) a year.

The Productivity Commission's groundbreaking report into the administrative and compliance costs of general practice found that such demands amounted to 5% of GP's estimated income, or a total of A$228m.

The commission also found that the burden of surveys, form filling, and general paperwork caused major costs in the form of stress but said it was unable to quantify …
Mortality Incidence and the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis Assessed by Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Matthew P. Ostrom, Ambarish Gopal, Naser Ahmadi, Khurram Nasir, Eric Yang, Ioannis Kakadiaris, Ferdinand Flores, Song S. Mao, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Clinical trials in cancer research.
Authors: E A Gehan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

This is a review paper which gives a discussion of various aspects of clinical trials in cancer research. Since the conduct of the first randomized controlled clinical trial in cancer patients in the mid-1950's, substantial progress has been made in the utilization of the clinical trial technique for the evaluation of therapeutic efficiacy. The important elements of a protocol are given with some discussion of items to be considered in designing a protocol. The types of clinical trial (phase I, II, III) are defined, and the place of each phase of study in the context of the search for new treatments is delineated. A comprehensive discussion is given of the elements in the comparative clinical trial (phase III), including objectives, consierations in planning (comparability of treatment groups stratification of patients, feasibility and size of study, and prospective versus retrospective studies). Brief descriptions are given of designs for comparative clinical trials and a trial in oat cell lung carcinoma is discussed in some detail. Finally, some comments and references are given concerning the analysis of clinical trials.
Wegener's Granulomatosis, Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis, and Benign Lymphocytic Angiitis and Granulomatosis of Lung
Authors: HAROLD L. ISRAEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Observations on 35 patients with pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis show the value of separating pulmonary lesions of this type into three categories. Fifteen patients had Wegener's granulomatosis characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of lung, frequent upper airway and renal involvement, and responsiveness to cyclophosphamide. Nine had lymphomatoid granulomatosis characterized by necrotic atypical lymphoreticular infiltrates and frequent cutaneous and neurologic involvement, usually fatal despite intensive cytotoxic drug therapy. Eleven had benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis, in the past included in the above categories and characterized by nodular collections of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells, with predominantly pulmonary involvement and consistent responsiveness to chlorambucil. Wegener's granulomatosis and benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis were frequently associated with serum immunoglobulin elevations, with intact cell-mediated responses. Clinical and immunologic assessment was useful in distinguishing benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis from lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
Value of Dual-Time-Point FDG PET/CT for Mediastinal Nodal Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Lung Comorbidity
Authors: Man Hu, Anqin Han, Ligang Xing, Wenfeng Yang, Zheng Fu, Chengsuo Huang, Pinliang Zhang, Li Kong, Jinming Yu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of dual-time-point F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/ computed tomography (CT) for mediastinal nodal staging in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with lung comorbidity. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three pathologically proven non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pulmonary comorbidity and 49 patients as controlled group without comorbidity were enrolled. PET/CT was performed at 1-hour (whole body) post-FDG injection and repeated 2 hours (thoracic) after injection. All patients received radical surgery with system mediastinal lymph node (LN) dissection. The results of LN detection by single-time-point and dual-time-point scan were compared with the histopathologic findings. Results: On a per-patient basis, in patients with pulmonary comorbidity, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values of single-time-point scan were 87.5%, 59.5%, 67.9%, 48.3%, and 91.7%, respectively. Those values of dual-time-point scan were 93.8%, 67.6%, 75.5%, 55.6%, and 96.2%, respectively. In patients without comorbidity, dual-time-point scan was similar in those values to single-time-point. On a per-nodal station basis, the specificity, accuracy, and PPV of dual-time-point scan were better than those of single-time-point with statistically significant differences (P = 0.017, 0.002, and 0.027, respectively) in patients with pulmonary comorbidity, but the difference was not statistically significant in patients with no pulmonary comorbidity. Conclusions: Dual-time-point FDG PET/CT is more effective for mediastinal nodal staging than single-time-point in patients with pulmonary comorbidity. Dual-time-point scan was useful for diagnosis of mediastinal LN metastases in reducing the false-positive results in all patients, but improved specificity, accuracy, and PPV only in patients with pulmonary comorbidity.
POLYMORPHISMS IN DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV GENE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Nima Aghili, Joseph M. Devaney, Mingyao Li, Muredach Reilly, Daniel Rader, Zofia Zukowska, Mary Susan Burnett, Stephen Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prospective, longitudinal assessment of developmental neurotoxicity.
Authors: J L Jacobson, S W Jacobson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Methodological issues in the design of prospective, longitudinal studies of developmental neurotoxicity in humans are reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of potential confounding influences is important in these studies because inadequate assessment of confounders can threaten the validity of causal inferences drawn from the data. Potential confounders typically include demographic background variables, alcohol and smoking during pregnancy, the quality of parental stimulation, the child's age at test, and the examiner. Exposure to other substances is assessed where significant exposure is expected in the target population. In most studies, control variables even weakly related to outcome are included in all multivariate statistical analyses, and a toxic effect is inferred only if the effect of exposure is significant after controlling for the potential confounders. Once a neurotoxic effect has been identified, suspected mediating variables may be added to the analysis to examine underlying processes or mechanisms through which the exposure may impact on developmental outcome. Individual differences in vulnerability may be examined in terms of either an additive compensatory model or a synergistic
Physicians and Execution
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

This spring the U.S. Supreme Court in Baze v. Rees 1 will rule on the constitutionality of the three-drug regimen currently used for lethal injection in most state executions. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits punishment that is “cruel and unusual.” The central question before the Court in Baze is whether the use of sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride violates that constitutional prohibition.The heinous nature of the crimes committed by Ralph Baze and his coplaintiff, Thomas Bowling, is not in doubt. What the Court will decide is whether the current lethal-injection protocol does or does not . . .
Overexpression of High-Mobility Group Box 2 Is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jung-Hee Kwon, Jongmin Kim, Jin Young Park, Sun Mi Hong, Chang Wook Park, Seok Joo Hong, Sun Young Park, Yoon Jung Choi, In-Gu Do, Jae-Won Joh, Dae Shick Kim, Kwan Yong Choi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

We investigated the expression of high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical effects with underlying mechanisms.HMGB2 mRNA levels were measured in 334 HCC patients by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and HMGB2 protein levels in 173 HCC patients by immunohistochemical studies. The HMGB2 expression level was measured by Western blotting for three HCC cell lines. To clarify the precise role of HMGB2 on cell proliferation, we did in vitro analysis with expression vectors and small interfering RNAs.HMGB2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in HCC than in noncancerous surrounding tissues (P < 0.0001) and showed a positive correlation (ρ = 0.35, P < 0.001). HMGB2 overexpression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival time, both at mRNA (P = 0.0054) and protein level (P = 0.023). Moreover, HMGB2 mRNA level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.0037). HMGB2 knockdown by small interfering RNAs decreased cell proliferation, and overexpression of HMGB2 by expression vectors diminished cisplatin- and etoposide-induced cell death.Our clinical and in vitro data suggest that HMGB2 plays a significant role in tumor development and prognosis of HCC. These results can partly be explained by altered cell proliferations by HMGB2 associated with the antiapoptotic pathway.
Restraining influence of A2 neurons in chronic control of arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: H DUALE, H WAKI, P HOWORTH, S KASPAROV, A TESCHEMACHER, J PATON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Objectives The role of A2 noradrenergic neurons in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis chronically is poorly understood. We aimed to genetically target A2 neurons and induce expression of a potassium channel to reduce their electrical excitability and study how this impacts on long-term blood pressure control.
Neonatal treatment of rats with the neuroactive steroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) abolishes the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of adverse early life events.
Authors: V K Patchev, A Montkowski, D Rouskova, L Koranyi, F Holsboer, O F Almeida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Stressful experience during early brain development has been shown to produce profound alterations in several mechanisms of adaptation, while several signs of behavioral and neuroendocrine impairment resulting from neonatal exposure to stress resemble symptoms of dysregulation associated with major depression. This study demonstrates that when applied concomitantly with the stressful challenge, the steroid GABA(A) receptor agonist 3,21-dihydropregnan-20-one (tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, THDOC) can attenuate the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of repeated maternal separation during early life, e.g., increased anxiety, an exaggerated adrenocortical secretory response to stress, impaired responsiveness to glucocorticoid feedback, and altered transcription of the genes encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. These data indicate that neuroactive steroid derivatives with GABA-agonistic properties may exert persisting stress-protective effects in the developing brain, and may form the basis for therapeutic agents which have the potential to prevent mental disorders resulting from adverse experience during neonatal life.
Phase 2 study of the efficacy and safety of the combination of arsenic trioxide, interferon alpha, and zidovudine in newly diagnosed chronic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)
Authors: Ghada Kchour, Mahdi Tarhini, Mohamad-Mehdi Kooshyar, Hiba El Hajj, Eric Wattel, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Hassan Hatoum, Hossein Rahimi, Masoud Maleki, Houshang Rafatpanah, S. A. Rahim Rezaee, Mojtaba Tabatabaei Yazdi, Abbas Shirdel, Hugues de Thé, Olivier Hermine, Reza Farid, Ali Bazarbachi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Factors Involved in Homograft Tolerance-Reply
Authors: J. Bradley Aust
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The relationship between the duration of the tolerant state and the amount of antigen administered, together with an analysis of the relationship between the amount of antigen administered and the length of the critical period of neonatal life during which such amounts will produce tolerance, have been described in the more definitive publication of Smith and Bridges (<i>J Exp Med</i><b>108</b>:227, 1958). I believe this data tends to support our concept that the persistence of antigen is associated with lack of antibody production and that the effect is similar to that of immunological paralysis.
Abstract SY29-04: Beyond necroptosis - regulated necrosis in the kidney
Authors: Andreas Linkermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Regulated necrosis (RN) may result from cyclophilin D (CypD)-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)- mediated necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, NADPH-oxidase (NOX) mediated necrosis and other pathways, but it is currently unclear to what extent these signaling pathways are independent from each other. Especially MPT and necroptosis have been described to contribute to necrotic cell death in kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We demonstrate that necroptosis in IRI occurs in mice as primary organ damage, independent of the immune system, and that mice deficient for RIPK3, the essential downstream partner of RIPK1 in necroptosis, are protected from IRI and the level of protection was significantly stronger than of CypD-deficient mice. Several lines of evidence in vitro and in vivo, including the analysis of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and hyperacute TNF-shock models in mice suggested the distinctness of CypD-mediated MPT from RIPK1/RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. In addition, we found necroptosis to be completely independent of mitochondria in vitro and therefore generated CypD-RIPK3 double-deficient mice that are viable and fertile without an overt phenotype and that survived prolonged IRI which was lethal to each single knockout. Combined application of the RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and the MPT inhibitor sanglifehrin A (SfA) confirmed the results with mutant mice. The data demonstrate the pathophysiological co-existence and co-relevance of two separate pathways of RN in IRI and suggest that combination therapy targeting distinct RN pathways can be beneficial in the treatment of ischemic injury. Citation Format: Andreas Linkermann. Beyond necroptosis - regulated necrosis in the kidney. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY29-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY29-04
Changes in Erythrocyte Sorbitol Concentrations Measured Using an Improved Assay System in Patients With Diabetic Complications and Treated With Aldose Reductase Inhibitor
Authors: Ritsuko Hayashi, Nobuki Hayakawa, Masaki Makino, Mutsuko Nagata, Hiroaki Kakizawa, Keiko Uchimura, Michiko Hamada, Toshihiro Aono, Takasi Fujita, Rikio Shinohara, Akio Nagasaka, Mitsuyasu Itoh
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)
Varicocele and Subfertility
Authors: H. S. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Few people believe more than I do that prompt treatment of symptoms may often avert serious trouble, but in the case of shock it does appear that traditional treatment, which is largely the treatment of symptoms, may be the very worst thing we can do, though I may seem foolhardy to suggest it.-I am, etc., Winsford, Cheshire.
Too few hospitals belong to children's surgical networks, says inquiry
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Hospitals are taking too long to transfer very sick children to specialist centres for surgery, says an independent inquiry. It calls for national standards for the transfer of children who need surgery and the creation of formal networks to improve care.

The inquiry reviewed the anonymised case notes of 378 children who died before discharge from hospital within 30 days of emergency or elective surgery between 1 April 2008 and 31 March 2010. The notes were provided by 373 hospitals that carry out surgery in patients under 18 years of age.

Two thirds of the deaths were of very sick babies under the age of 1 year, 63% of whom were born prematurely. One third of all deaths were of infants …
Hypokalemia After Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Robert G. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Daniell that hypokalemia following resuscitation might have been related in part to high levels of circulating catecholamines—from endogenous or exogenous sources or both. Although we did not measure plasma catecholamine levels, it seems likely that many, perhaps all, resuscitated patients were subjected to extensive adrenergic stimulation. We should perhaps have emphasized this in the discussion of our findings. Profound degrees of hypokalemia were encountered relatively more commonly in women than in men. Age seemed not to be associated with serum potassium levels following resuscitation. As Dr Maher proposes, it would be helpful to know if there was a correlation between the amount of bicarbonate administered and the degree of hypokalemia. We were unable to detect such a correlation; however, in our study, the total amount of bicarbonate administered was primarily a function of the duration of the resuscitation and was not an independent variable.