tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitral Insufficiency Secondary to Aortic Valvular Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is partly continuous through a fibrous membrane with the aortic valve. Lying immediately subjacent to the aortic valve, the mitral valve and its chordae may become secondarily infected in instances of primary aortic valvular bacterial endocarditis. Destructive changes of the anterior mitral leaflet or mitral chordae may lead to mitral insufficiency. The latter may dominate the functional and clinical pictures. In some instances, when infection is overcome, the clinical picture may appear to be that of primary mitral valvular disease.
Gut origin of sepsis: a prospective study investigating associations between bacterial translocation, gastric microflora, and septic morbidity
Authors: J MacFie, C O’Boyle, C J Mitchell, P M Buckley, D Johnstone, P Sudworth
Journal: Gut (1999)

To investigate the "gut origin of sepsis" hypothesis.Prospective controlled study of 279 surgical patients in which cultures of nasogastric aspirates were compared with those obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes taken at laparotomy and the organisms cultured from subsequent septic complications. Bacterial translocation was confirmed if positive cultures were obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes. Postoperative sepsis was defined as any positive culture in the postoperative period. Bacterial species obtained in gastric microflora, mesenteric lymph nodes, and postoperative septic complications were compared.Only 85/279 patients (31%) had a sterile nasogastric aspirate; the most frequently identified organism was Candida spp. (54%) and the most common enteric organism cultured was E coli (20%). Multiple organisms were isolated in 39% and occurred more frequently in patients aged over 70 years, those undergoing non-elective surgery, and in those requiring proximal gastrointestinal surgery. Postoperative sepsis was more common in these patients. Bacterial translocation occurred in 21% and was significantly more frequent in those with multiple organisms in their nasogastric aspirates. E coli was the commonest organism isolated from the lymph node specimens (48%) and septic foci (53%). Fungal translocation did not occur. An identical genus was identified in the nasogastric aspirate and the septic focus in 30% of patients, in the nasogastric aspirate and the lymph node in 31%, and in the lymph node and a postoperative septic focus in 45%.Proximal gut colonisation is associated with both increased bacterial translocation and septic morbidity. The commonality of organisms identified supports the gut origin of sepsis hypothesis.
ARIA update: I—Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine for rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Giovanni Passalacqua, Philippe J. Bousquet, Kai-Hakon Carlsen, James Kemp, Richard F. Lockey, Bodo Niggemann, Ruby Pawankar, David Price, Jean Bousquet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Prolonged endometrial stimulation associated with oestradiol implants.
Authors: K F Gangar, D Fraser, M I Whitehead, M P Cust
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To provide information on endometrial stimulation after discontinuation of treatment with oestradiol implants.Long term follow up of withdrawal bleeding patterns in women taking progestogens cyclically every month after oestradiol implant treatment was ended.Specialist menopause clinic.10 Postmenopausal patients (at least 12 months' amenorrhoea after the last spontaneous period) who were treated with oestradiol implants for typical symptoms of oestrogen deficiency. The oestradiol dose was 50 mg, reimplantation occurring roughly every six months. Patients subsequently either needed to discontinue the hormone treatment for medical reasons or expressed a desire to stop treatment.Duration of endometrial stimulation--defined as the presence of withdrawal bleeding in response to progestogen given cyclically--after insertion of the last oestradiol implant.Four patients eventually stopped bleeding, their mean duration of bleeding being 35 months (range 27-43 months). One patient required hysterectomy 26 months after the last implantation because of persistent irregular bleeding despite treatment with high doses of progestogen. Three patients bled for 22, 30, and 36 months and then restarted oestrogen treatment because symptoms returned. The last two patients subsequently continued to bleed 12 and 21 months after the last implantation.The duration of endometrial stimulation after implantation can be prolonged, up to 43 months. Insertion of oestradiol implants can carry a long term commitment to the cyclical administration of progestogen and regular withdrawal bleeding if endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma are to be avoided.
Dependence of maximal flow-volume curves on time course of preceding inspiration in patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease.
Authors: E D'Angelo, E Prandi, L Marazzini, J Milic-Emili
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Thirteen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) performed forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers either immediately after a rapid inspiration (maneuver 1) or after a slow inspiration with a 4- to 6-s end-inspiratory pause (maneuver 2). Seated in a body plethysmograph, they breathed through a pneumotachograph. Inspirations were initiated from resting end-expiratory lung volume. Abdominal muscle activity was recorded by means of surface electrodes. With maneuver 1: (1) expiratory flows were 20 to 40% larger in the volume range 10 to 95% FVC; (2) peak expiratory flow was on average 30% higher; and (3) FEV1, expressed as percent of FVC, increased by about 8%. No substantial differences in the pattern of abdominal muscle activity occurred between maneuvers. The dependence of maximal flow-volume curves on the time course of the preceding inspiration is probably related in part to the viscoelastic elements present within the respiratory system, which, stretched during rapid inspirations, increase the effective elastic recoil during the FVC maneuver 1. This cannot occur with maneuver 2, because of stress relaxation of the viscoelastic elements during the 4- to 6-s breathhold preceding the FVC maneuver. Other factors (e.g., time constant inequality) might also be involved. In any case, the results imply that the inspiratory maneuver prior to FVC must be standardized.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR STRAIN AND STRAIN RATE AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR IN PATIENTS WITH AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Brittany D. Payne, Pamela Silén, Ju-Feng Hsiao, Yuki Koshino, Christopher Molini, Haydar K. Saleh, Diego Bellavia, Patricia A. Pellikka, Fletcher A. Miller, Hector R. Villarraga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Adeno-associated Virus Serotypes: Vector Toolkit for Human Gene Therapy
Authors: Zhijian Wu, Aravind Asokan, R. Jude Samulski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have rapidly advanced to the forefront of gene therapy in the past decade. The exponential progress of AAV-based vectors has been made possible by the isolation of several naturally occurring AAV serotypes and over 100 AAV variants from different animal species. These isolates are ideally suited to development into human gene therapy vectors due to their diverse tissue tropisms and potential to evade preexisting neutralizing antibodies against the common human AAV serotype 2. Despite their prolific application in several animal models of disease, the mechanisms underlying selective tropisms of AAV serotypes remain largely unknown. Efforts to understand cell surface receptor usage and intracellular trafficking pathways exploited by AAV continue to provide significant insight into the biology of AAV vectors. Such unique traits are thought to arise from differences in surface topology of the capsids of AAV serotypes and variants. In addition to the aforementioned naturally evolved AAV isolates, several strategies to engineer hybrid AAV serotype vectors have been formulated in recent years. The generation of mosaic or chimeric vectors through the transcapsidation or marker-rescue/domain-swapping approach, respectively, is notable in this regard. More recently, combinatorial strategies for engineering AAV vectors using error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling, and other molecular cloning techniques have been established. The latter library-based approaches can serve as powerful tools in the generation of low-immunogenic and cell/tissue type-specific AAV vectors for gene delivery. This review is focused on recent developments in the isolation of novel AAV serotypes and isolates, their production and purification, diverse tissue tropisms, mechanisms of cellular entry/trafficking, and capsid structure. Strategies for engineering hybrid AAV vectors derived from AAV serotypes and potential implications of the rapidly expanding AAV vector toolkit are discussed.
SERUM FERMENTS AND ANTIFERMENT AFTER FEEDING
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen, A. A. Eggstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. After feeding, an increase in non-coagulable nitrogen of the serum can be determined, reaching a maximum in about six hours. 2. This increase is greatest in the portal blood and is partially due to an increase in amino-acids. There is no increase in proteoses. 3. There is usually a progressive decrease in serum protease, reaching a minimum after from five to seven hours. 4. The portal blood may show an unaltered or an increased amount of protease. 5. The serum antiferment shows a slight increase, but is subject to considerable fluctuation. 6. The serum lipase (esterase) shows a slight increase, reaching a maximum after three hours. The hepatic blood usually contains the lowest concentration of lipase.
Activating and Propagating Polyclonal Gamma Delta T Cells with Broad Specificity for Malignancies
Authors: Drew C. Deniger, Sourindra N. Maiti, Tiejuan Mi, Kirsten C. Switzer, Vijaya Ramachandran, Lenka V. Hurton, Sonny Ang, Simon Olivares, Brian A. Rabinovich, M. Helen Huls, Dean A. Lee, Robert C. Bast, Richard E. Champlin, Laurence J.N. Cooper
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To activate and propagate populations of γδ T cells expressing polyclonal repertoire of γ and δ T-cell receptor (TCR) chains for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer, which has yet to be achieved. Experimental Design: Clinical-grade artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC) derived from K562 tumor cells were used as irradiated feeders to activate and expand human γδ T cells to clinical scale. These cells were tested for proliferation, TCR expression, memory phenotype, cytokine secretion, and tumor killing. Results: γδ T-cell proliferation was dependent upon CD137L expression on aAPC and addition of exogenous IL2 and IL21. Propagated γδ T cells were polyclonal as they expressed TRDV1, TRDV2-2, TRDV3, TRDV5, TRDV7, and TRDV8 with TRGV2, TRGV3F, TRGV7, TRGV8, TRGV9*A1, TRGV10*A1, and TRGV11 TCR chains. IFNγ production by Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ1negVδ2neg subsets was inhibited by pan-TCRγδ antibody when added to cocultures of polyclonal γδ T cells and tumor cell lines. Polyclonal γδ T cells killed acute and chronic leukemia, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer cell lines, but not healthy autologous or allogeneic normal B cells. Blocking antibodies demonstrated that polyclonal γδ T cells mediated tumor cell lysis through combination of DNAM1, NKG2D, and TCRγδ. The adoptive transfer of activated and propagated γδ T cells expressing polyclonal versus defined Vδ TCR chains imparted a hierarchy (polyclonal&amp;gt;Vδ1&amp;gt;Vδ1negVδ2neg&amp;gt;Vδ2) of survival of mice with ovarian cancer xenografts. Conclusions: Polyclonal γδ T cells can be activated and propagated with clinical-grade aAPCs and demonstrate broad antitumor activities, which will facilitate the implementation of γδ T-cell cancer immunotherapies in humans. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5708–19. ©2014 AACR.
Hemodynamic Effects of Diuresis at Rest and During Intense Upright Exercise in Patients with Impaired Cardiac Function
Authors: MORRIS STAMPFER, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, G. DAVID BEISER, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Although diuretic therapy appears to improve the exercise capacity of patients with moderately impaired cardiac function, the hemodynamic basis for this improvement is not clear. It is also unknown to what extent the moderate diuresis that often occurs during the first few days of hospitalization contributes to the normal or nearly normal hemodynamic measurements obtained in certain patients with cardiac impairment who are thought clinically to have signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion. Accordingly, the circulatory response to moderate diuresis resulting in a loss of weight averaging 3.4 kg was investigated in 15 patients with heart disease. At rest in the supine position mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure fell after diuresis from an average of 24 to 13 mm Hg. Reductions also occurred in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (42 to 26 mm Hg), mean right atrial pressure (9 to 4 mm Hg), and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (11 to 6 mm Hg). Cardiac output decreased by an average of 20%, mean systemic arterial pressure by 12%, right ventricular stroke work by 44%, and left ventricular stroke work by 25%. Diuresis also caused similar reductions in these values in the sitting position at rest and during mild and intense levels of treadmill exercise. Despite the reductions in cardiac output, all but one of the patients studied achieved substantial clinical improvement from the diuresis. Such improvement probably resulted from the fact that the beneficial effects of lower pulmonary vascular pressures outweighed the deleterious effect of a reduction in cardiac output. Thus, moderate changes in body weight brought about by either fluid retention or fluid loss may result in substantial alterations in circulatory dynamics. These changes, if unrecognized, can lead to considerable confusion when attempts are made to correlate the hemodynamic findings with the degree of cardiac decompensation as judged clinically.
Functional Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Studied by Cineangiocardiography in Fifty-three Cases
Authors: FRANK L. CAMPETI, RAYMOND GRAMIAK, JAMES S. WATSON, GEORGE H. RAMSEY, Vivian A. Palladoro
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The hemodynamic alterations revealed by cineangiocardiography in 53 cases of patent ductus arteriosus made possible the correct angiocardiographic diagnosis in 90 per cent of the cases. The most constant functional sign is "blanching of the pulmonary artery," which is seen during diastole and consists of a decrease in density of the pulmonary artery and its branches. This phenomenon has been analyzed by projecting the cineangiocardiograms frame by frame and measuring angiographic density and diameter at the same points of the pulmonary artery. The curves obtained were correlated with each other and plotted against time. The findings were correlated with clinical, surgical, and pathologic information. The hemodynamics of the shunt in patent ductus arteriosus are discussed and a theoretical explanation is offered.
Abstract P3-04-02: Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation along Multistep Carcinogenesis of Breast Cancer
Authors: SY Park, HJ Kwon, HE Lee, S-W Kim, JH Kim, IA Kim, N-Y Cho, GH. Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In breast cancer, promoter CpG island hypermethylation has been described for various genes in all aspects of cellular function. However, most studies focused on the methylation status in tumor-related genes in invasive breast cancer, compared to normal breast tissue, and methylation studies of potential precursor lesions of breast cancer were sparse. We investigated the changes in promoter CpG islands hypermethylation during breast cancer progression from intraductal proliferative lesions [usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)] to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast, and tried to find the specific changes in each step of tumorigenesis. Materials and Methods: We performed MethyLight analyses for methylation status of 57 CpG island loci in 20 IDCs and its paired normal breast tissues. After selecting 15 CpG island loci showing cancer-specific DNA methylation, another sets of normal breast tissue from non-cancer patients (n=10), UDH (n=10), ADH (n=20), DCIS (n=30) and IDC (n=30) were analyzed for these loci. Results: By this approach, we found six new methylation markers of breast cancer including DLEC1, GRIN2B, HOXA1, MT1G, SFRP4 and TMEFF2, as well as APC, GSTP1, HOXAIO, IGF2, RARB, RASSF1A, RUNX3, SCGB3A1 (HIN-1) and SFRP1. The number of methylated genes showed stepwise increase from normal breast to ducal hyperplasia (DH) and DCIS, while IDC showed no difference with DCIS (median, 1 for normal breast, 2 for DH, 5 for DCIS, 6 for IDC; P&amp;lt;0.001). Of the 15 CpG island loci tested, nine loci already showed methylation in normal breast tissue. Methylation of RASSF1A, DLEC1 and SCGB3A1 (HIN-1) promoter CpG islands was significantly higher in DH than in normal breast tissues. Eight CpG island loci (APC, GRIN2B, GSTP1, HOXA1, RARB, RUNX3, SFRP1 and TMEFF2) showed higher methylation frequency and levels in DCIS compared to DH. DICS and IDC showed no difference in the methylation levels or frequency in the 14 CpG islands except HOXA10. Discussion: Our results indicated that CpG island methylation of tumor-related genes is an early event and accumulate with breast cancer progression. CpG island methylation was significantly changed during the progression of DH to DCIS, and DCIS showed similar CpG island methylation with IDC, suggesting that the transition of DH to DCIS is a critical step for breast cancer tumorigenesis associated with promoter CpG islands hypermethylation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-02.
Expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene in rat hepatic allografts during acute rejection
Authors: Yasuo Yamaguchi, Kazutoshi Okabe, Fujio Matsumura, Eiji Akizuki, Teishi Matsuda, Hajime Ohshiro, Jian Liang, Kojiroh Ishihara, Katsutaka Mori, Michio Ogawa
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The role of the c-kit proto-oncogene in organ allograft rejection is not known. We investigated the level of c-kit expression following allogeneic transplantation of ACI rat liver grafts into LEW recipients. We studied c-kit mRNA and protein expression in groups of transplant recipients receiving hepatic isografts, hepatic allografts, or hepatic allografts after donor-specific blood transfusion (DST). Pretransplantation DST significantly prolonged survival of hepatic allografts. Infiltrates expressing c-kit were observed in allografts to untreated rats but not in groups receiving isografts or allografts following DST. Northern analysis also demonstrated abundant c-kit mRNA transcripts in the untreated allograft group in contrast to the isograft and the DST-treated groups. In addition, significantly more transcripts for interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is synergistic with c-kit, were present in untreated than in DST-treated allograft groups. In contrast, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), which inhibits c-kit synthesis, was expressed abundantly in hepatic allografts to DST-treated rats but not in allografts to untreated animals. Transcripts for IL-10, which inhibits IL-12 production, were significantly more plentiful in hepatic allografts following DST than in those without DST. The results suggest that c-kit proto-oncogene expression in infiltrating cells is associated with rat hepatic allograft rejection.
Clarithromycin regimens for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex. The first 50 patients.
Authors: R J Wallace, B A Brown, D E Griffith, W M Girard, D T Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Intermediate results of the first 50 patients treated with clarithromycin (CLARI) regimens for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) lung disease were evaluated. Patients were HIV negative, and pretreatment isolates were susceptible to CLARI. Patients received CLARI 500 mg twice daily, ethambutol, rifampin (RMP), or rifabutin (RBT) and initial streptomycin, and they were treated until culture-negative 1 yr. Eleven of 50 patients (22%) were dropped in the first 3 mo. Of the remaining 39 patients, 36 (92%) converted their sputa to negative, and 32 (82%) remain culture negative to date. This includes 11 of 16 (69%) with prior drug therapy and 21 of 23 (91%) with no prior therapy. One or more companion drugs were discontinued in 16 of 39 (41%) of patients because of adverse events. Isolates from six of 39 patients (15%) became CLARI-resistant. Of 23 patients who are alive and were culture-negative a mean of 12.0 mo while receiving therapy, all remain culture-negative without therapy a mean of 19.1 mo. Despite reduced CLARI serum levels in patients also receiving RMP, 10 of 13 patients (77%) receiving this regimen were successfully treated. Although not directly compared with previous regimens, the success of this regimen strongly suggests it is superior to previous non-CLARI-containing regimens.
Histomorphologic profile myocardial segments with normal thallium activity in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: J. Shirani, J. Lee, A.N. Kitsiou, G. Srinivasan, R.J. Quigg, R. Pick, S.L. Bacharach, L. Ohler, C. Miller-Davis, V. Dilsizian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
On the Ethics of Facial Transplantation Research
Authors: Osborne P. Wiggins, John H. Barker, Serge Martinez, Marieke Vossen, Claudio Maldonado, Federico V. Grossi, Cedric G. Francois, Michael Cunningham, Gustavo Perez-Abadia, Moshe Kon, Joseph C. Banis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Transplantation continues to push the frontiers of medicine into domains that summon forth troublesome ethical questions. Looming on the frontier today is human facial transplantation. We develop criteria that, we maintain, must be satisfied in order to ethically undertake this as-yet-untried transplant procedure. We draw on the criteria advanced by Dr. Francis Moore in the late 1980s for introducing innovative procedures in transplant surgery. In addition to these we also insist that human face transplantation must meet all the ethical requirements usually applied to health care research. We summarize the achievements of transplant surgery to date, focusing in particular on the safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive medications. We also emphasize the importance of risk/benefit assessments that take into account the physical, aesthetic, psychological, and social dimensions of facial disfiguration, reconstruction, and transplantation. Finally, we maintain that the time has come to move facial transplantation research into the clinical phase.
Preliminary Evaluation of "Duodenitis" by Endoscopy and Biopsy
Authors: P. B. Cotton, A. B. Price, J. R. Tighe, J. S. M. Beales
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Difficulty in excluding duodenal ulceration by standard radiology has hampered investigation of duodenitis; endoscopy and biopsy add a new dimension. We have studied 51 patients with dyspeptic symptoms or bleeding in whom endoscopy revealed congested and irregular areas of duodenal bulb mucosa in the absence of ulcer or scar. Biopsy revealed unequivocal active inflammation—epithelial cell atypia and neutrophil infiltration—in 22 of these patients, but in none of 29 “control” patients with an endoscopically normal bulb. There were no reliable radiological markers of active duodenitis. These patients, and a group of 25 with known duodenal ulcers, shared similar clinical characteristics and a high incidence of gastric metaplasia in the bulb. In the short follow-up period most patients with active duodenitis remained symptomatic; two developed ulcers, and two others have undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty, with poor short-term results. The clinical significance of visual and histological mucosal changes, and their relationship with ulcer disease, merit long-term study.