tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori eradication in the African setting, with special reference to reinfection and duodenal ulcer recurrence.
Authors: J A Louw, W Lucke, K Jaskiewicz, A J Lastovica, T A Winter, I N Marks
Journal: Gut (1995)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease, and to determine the incidence of reinfection in adult patients where H pylori had been eradicated in a community with a high prevalence of the infection. An investigator blinded study, with 24 month endoscopic follow up, in subjects where H pylori had been eradicated, and similarly treated subjects where it had not been eradicated was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. The patients consisted of a volunteer sample of 48 patients with endoscopically proved active duodenal ulcer disease. Duodenal ulcers were healed with omeprazole, 20 mg/day. After endoscopically confirmed healing, patients were treated with either one (17 patients) or two weeks (31 patients) of 'triple therapy'. H pylori status (urease reaction, histological tests, and culture of antral biopsy specimens) was determined at entry, four weeks after the finish of triple therapy and six, 12, and 24 months after this, or whenever an endoscopically proved recurrent duodenal ulcer was found. The main outcome measures were the recurrence of duodenal ulceration, over 24 months in the eradicated and non-eradicated groups and the incidence of reinfection by H pylori in the eradicated group during this follow up period. Five patients in the eradicated group experienced a duodenal ulcer relapse, of which only three were unexplained (1 = reinfected, 1 = gastrinoma). Fifteen of 21 patients in the non-eradicated group relapsed over the same period (p < 0.001). Only two of 27 patients in the eradicated group were reinfected during the 24 month follow up period. It is concluded that H pylori eradication is an effective treatment strategy for the longterm treatment of duodenal ulcer disease, even in the high prevalence, African setting. Reinfection is uncommon.
No Radical Surgery
Authors: W. Bradford Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In the original CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CANCER series on Hodgkin's disease inThe Journalseven years ago, this contribution was written by Danely Slaughter, a distinguished surgeon, who championed the radical surgical attack. 56 From his remarks, one would have had to conclude that surgeons and radiotherapists are adversaries, and that saving a patient from the harmful effects of the roentgen ray is as important a mission as saving him from cancer. Today, such sentiments must be regarded as anachronisms, remnants of an old period when the specialty of radiotherapy in the United States had grossly inadequate numbers of trained specialists, used primitive equipment, and lacked experience with curable patients.  Years earlier, surgeons had learned to perform radical lymph node dissections with safety, and with an altered skin contour as the only sequella, Slaughter was justly proud of this accomplishment, and he contrasted it with the bad results he saw
UKALLXII/ECOG2993: addition of imatinib to a standard treatment regimen enhances long-term outcomes in Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Adele K. Fielding, Jacob M. Rowe, Georgina Buck, Letizia Foroni, Gareth Gerrard, Mark R. Litzow, Hillard Lazarus, Selina M. Luger, David I. Marks, Andrew K. McMillan, Anthony V. Moorman, Bella Patel, Elisabeth Paietta, Martin S. Tallman, Anthony H. Goldstone
Journal: Blood (2013)
GW25-e5207 Tachycardia pacing induces myocardial neovascularization and mobilizes circulating endothelial progenitor cells partly via SDF-1 pathway in canine
Authors: M.A.I. Jingting, YangXin Chen, Qiong Qiu, WoLiang Yuan, JingFeng Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Elevated Plasma Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Sisters With Genetically Defective Insulin Receptors
Authors: Yoshiyuki Hattori, Noriko Hirama, Kunihiro Suzuki, Sachiko Hattori, Kikuo Kasai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Circulating levels of adiponectin have been shown to inversely correlate with insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, elevated adiponectin levels have been observed following treatment with thiazolidinediones. It has recently been reported (1) that paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia is observed in patients with mutations, leading to a loss of insulin receptor function. Here, we evaluated circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin following treatment with pioglitazone in two sisters referred for evaluation of hirsutism who were found to have insulin resistance secondary to an insulin receptor mutation.

A 15-year-old Japanese female patient, the younger of the two sisters, has been amenorrheic since menarche at age 12 years. …
Abstract 4890: Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis through the activation of ASK1 and is enhanced by a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor
Authors: Stanley Kwan, Nicolas Garnier, Wilson H. Miller, Koren K. Mann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). While it is undergoing clinical trials for numerous malignancies including multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma and solid tumors, it has demonstrated only limited efficacy as a single agent. However, it may hold promise as part of a combination therapy. Thus investigation to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying these clinical responses may lead to generation of rational combination therapies to increase its therapeutic spectrum. Previous work has described a pathway required for ATO-induced apoptosis in APL cells involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the subsequent induction of a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that includes both stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/ERK kinase 1 (SEK1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activation. However, the link between ROS production and activation of SEK1 remains to be elucidated. Apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1) is a MAP3K upstream of SEK1 and has been implicated in the induction of stress-induced signaling. Here, we show that ATO activates ASK1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in an APL cell line. ASK1 activation is preceded by ATO-induced ROS accumulation, which is significantly reduced with N-acetyl-L-cysteine antioxidant co-treatment. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from ASK1 deficient mice are less susceptible to ATO-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Moreover, they exhibit markedly lower ATO-induced JNK activity compared to wild type cells. One model of ASK1 regulation suggests that ASK1 is kept in an inactive form by reduced thioredoxin-1 (Trx1). During oxidative stress, Trx1 is oxidized and releases ASK1 for activation. Immunoprecipitation of ASK1 followed by immuoblotting for Trx1 in APL cells shows a strong basal association that is lost with ATO treatment. Furthermore, the activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), an enzyme that converts oxidized Trx1 into reduced Trx1, is significantly decreased following ATO treatment. This suggests that ATO activates ASK1 signaling by ROS-mediated oxidation of Trx1 and by inhibiting the restoration of reduced Trx1 by decreasing TrxR1 activity. In addition, we show that inhibition of TrxR1 with the TrxR1 inhibitor Au(III)Cl sensitizes APL cells to ATO-induced apoptosis. This suggests that regulation of ASK1 is dependent on Trx1 redox states. Overall, our results suggest that targeting Trx1 may enhance ASK1 signaling and ATO-induced apoptosis in a novel combination therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4890. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4890
Abuses in Medical Literature.
Authors: James Hall Bell
Journal: JAMA (1905)

San Antonio, Texas, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I believe that the ponderous systems of medical literature are indefensible on economic and on moral grounds. Our literature, in its present bulk, is accessible to the student, but, in two respects at least, it is wholly inadequate. The most brilliantly endowed and acquisitive mind can hardly grasp, in all its ramifications, the essential literature of a single department of medicine, and yet some general knowledge of all departments is a necessary prerequisite to the intelligent practice of any of its specialties. When every branch of medicine has a half dozen or more systems devoted to it, is it not a gross imposition on the reader's mind, a confusion of his memory and a waste of his time? In the desire to be just, rather than critical, in my search for motives, I have been forced to indulge hypotheses, and to ask myself
General Psychiatry as a Primary-Care Specialty
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The obstetrician-gynecologists have asserted (231:815, 1975) that they serve as primary physicians for a group of women who need routine gynecological care and lack family doctors. Now the psychiatrists (235:1973, 1976) say they fulfill the same function for people with psychological problems. Presumably, the neurosurgeons will soon come forth to tell us they are primary physicians for people with brain tumors, after which the endocrinologists will assert that they serve a similar role for people with Addison disease.  It is essential to remember that the primary physician envisioned by the Millis Report and numerous subsequent publications is specially trained in and dedicated to providing comprehensive, holistic, continuing care. Perhaps the gynecologists and psychiatrists could revise their self-image and training programs to meet this ideal, but it's only fair to point out that family-centered care is a demanding discipline in itself, one that is not likely to be
A Survey of Provider Experiences and Perceptions of Preferential Access to Cardiovascular Care in Ontario, Canada
Authors: David A. Alter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The public health insurance system in Canada is predicated on equal access to care for persons in need. Objective: To determine the views and experiences of Ontario physicians and hospital administrators in providing patients with preferential access to specialized cardiovascular care on the basis of nonclinical factors. Design: Survey with self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Ontario, Canada. Participants: All Ontario cardiologists (n = 268), cardiac surgeons (n = 68), and hospital chief executives (n = 218) and random samples of internists (n = 300) and family physicians (n = 300). Measurements: Elicited responses (yes or no) to questions on whether and why preferential access occurred and whether the respondents had been personally involved in such a situation. Results: After undeliverable surveys and respondents no longer involved with acute care were excluded, the eligible response rate was 71.3% (788 of 1105 respondents). More than 80% of physicians and 53% of hospital chief executives had been personally involved in managing a patient who had received preferential access on the basis of factors other than medical need. Patients deemed most likely to receive such treatment were those with personal ties to the treating physicians (93% [95% CI, 91% to 95%]), high-profile public figures (85% [CI, 82% to 87%]), and politicians (83% [CI, 80% to 86%]). Physicians were significantly more likely than chief executives to indicate that hospital board members (81% and 68%; P < 0.001) and donors to hospital foundations (63% and 42%; P < 0.001) would receive preferential access. Most respondents indicated that preferential access was more likely to be provided if patients or families were well informed, aggressive, or potentially litigious. The survey did not permit estimation of the frequency of episodes of preferential access. Conclusions: Although equality of access is a cornerstone principle of Canada's universal health care system, some access to specialized cardiovascular services occurs preferentially on the basis of factors other than clinical need. The actual magnitude and consequences of this phenomenon remain unknown.
A Case-Control Study of Diet in Newly Diagnosed NIDDM in the Wanigela People of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Allison M Hodge, Janice Montgomery, Gary K Dowse, Barnabas Mavo, Tahlia Watt, Paul Z Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE--To study the association between diet and newly diagnosed NIDDM in the Wanigela people of Papua New Guinea, a population with an extraordinary susceptibility for NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We performed a case-control study of Wanigela people from an urban settlement (Koki). Case patients (n = 145) were asymptomatic subjects in whom NIDDM was newly diagnosed using a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Control subjects with glucose tolerance (n = 140) were group-matched on the basis of age and sex. A detailed food frequency questionnaire was used to determine energy and nutrient intakes. Nutrient intakes were compared directly and after calculation of residuals to correct for energy intake. Odds ratios for NIDDM were computed in relation to total energy and specific nutrient intakes, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical activity. RESULTS--There were no differences between case patients and control subjects in mean values of total energy-adjusted nutrient intakes. In logistic regression models, neither total energy nor any specific nutrients were associated with increased risk of NIDDM. When models were repeated with nutrients categorized by textiles, there were marginally significant associations with intakes of fiber (positive) and cholesterol, protein, and sugar (negative). CONCLUSIONS--This study does not support the hypothesis that saturated fat is an independent risk factor for NIDDM. The weak associations of intakes of fiber and cholesterol with newly diagnosed NIDDM were in the opposite directions to those expected and are probably due to chance. Relative homogeneity of diet within a community, such as that found in Koki, makes it difficult to demonstrate risk factor-disease associations. However, changes in diet and reduced levels of physical activity accompanying urbanization undoubtedly contribute to the high prevalence of obesity observed in this community, and hence diet is likely to contribute to NIDDM risk at least by indirect means.
Locus assignment of alpha-globin structural mutations by hybrid-selected translation.
Authors: S A Liebhaber, F E Cash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The two human alpha-globin genes, alpha 1 and alpha 2 located 3.4 kilobases apart on chromosome 16, encode identical alpha-globin proteins. A mutation in either gene could result in a structural hemoglobinopathy. It has only recently become possible to assign an alpha-chain mutant to one of these two loci by using recombinant DNA technology. While definitive, this approach has necessitated the cloning and sequencing of the specific gene in question. We present an alternative approach which results in rapid and definitive assignment of an alpha-globin mutation to its encoding genetic locus. This approach uses the technique of hybrid-selected translation. Reticulocyte RNA from individuals with alpha-globin mutations can be fractionated into beta-, alpha 9 (total)-, alpha 1-, and alpha 2-globin mRNA by selective hybridization of each mRNA species to its respective complementary DNA (cDNA) immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. Each mRNA purified in this way can be translated in vitro, and the mRNA species (and hence gene locus) encoding the globin mutant can then be directly identified by gel analysis of the radiolabeled translation products. This procedure can be used to identify globin mutants as alpha or beta and to localize alpha-globin mutants to the alpha 1 or alpha 2 gene. We have used this technique to localize the two alpha-globin mutants, alpha 125Pro (Hb Quong Sze) and alpha 47HIS (Hb Hasharon), to the alpha 2 locus. This approach could potentially be expanded to serve as an alternative to peptide analysis for the initial characterization of all globin structural mutants.
EGG-SHELLS AT ARMY HOSPITALS
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An experience in the Civil War at the Satterlee Hospital in West Philadelphia was described by Weir Mitchell in an address in Chicago not long before he died. At that one hospital of 3,000 beds the egg-shells were saved and sold. The revenue, if I remember rightly, was $3,000 a year! They were used in the manufacture of face powder, as they are pure calcium carbonate. The revenue went into the hospital fund for the purchase of otherwise unobtainable luxuries for the sick. With our present immense armies the revenue from this one "by-product" should be correspondingly increased. Possibly this has already been done, but I have failed to see any statement to that effect.
Monocytes promote tumor cell survival in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and are impaired in their ability to differentiate into mature dendritic cells
Authors: Ryan A. Wilcox, David A. Wada, Steven C. Ziesmer, Sherine F. Elsawa, Nneka I. Comfere, Allan B. Dietz, Anne J. Novak, Thomas E. Witzig, Andrew L. Feldman, Mark R. Pittelkow, Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: Blood (2009)
Iodine and Failing Lactation
Authors: M. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Acute Intestinal Obstruction due to Amoeboma A number of cases of intestinal obstruction were encountered in which amoebic dysentery appeared,to be the major causative agent.Case 1.-The patient, a boy aged 31, had no history of dysentery.Examination revealed the presence of a tumour in the epigastrium, and a diagnosis of intussusception was made.Laparotomy revealed an inflammatory mass the size of a billiard ball arising from the wall of the transverse colon; it was adherent to the surrounding structures and the anterior abdominal wall.There was no pus formation, and the mass was mobilized 'without difficulty.In view of the degree of obstruction, a Mikulicz resection was performed, with drain- age of the proximal loop by means of Paul's tube.Death occurred from bronchopneumonia seven days later.The inflammatory mass was found to be a non-specific granuloma, almost certainly amoebic in origin.Case 2.-A woman aged 54 had a palpable mass in the right hypochondrium.There was no history of dysentery.Operation showed a granulomatous 'mass the size of an orange arising from the proximal part of the transverse colon and presenting signs of central softening.After mobilization it was found that the intestinal lumen was only partially obliterated.The mass was therefore marsupialized through a small wound in the flank, the omentum being used as an aid in sealing it off from the peritoneal cavity.Relief of tension following aspiration of the central abscess ensured the patency of the colon.After the closure of the original paramedian wound a drainagetube was introduced into the abscess cavity.Convalescence was not complicated by the development of a faecal fistula, and resolution of the mass appeared to be complete.My thanks are due to Mr. Arthur Copley and Mr. Algar Sweetapple for their advice and guidance in the treatment of these cases.
Spermatozoa and Immune Dysregulation in Homosexual Men
Authors: William F. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  In their discussion of chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens, 1 the authors conclude that chronic, repeated exposure to sperm during anal intercourse results in a high frequency of allogeneic immunization and may play an important role in the development of acquired immune dysregulation among homosexual males.  Since the duration of monogamy of the male homosexual couples in the study was only nine to 60 months, an equally plausible explanation for the reduced effector-suppressor T-call ratios in the anal-receptive partners is that these persons had been exposed to the putative acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) agent or to some other potentially immunosuppressive agent, such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, or enteric protozoa.  Anal-receptive homosexual (and heterosexual) intercourse has been practiced at least since the beginning of recorded human history. Although sperm-induced allogeneic immunization may be a cofactor in immune dysregulation, it seems unlikely that it is the primary
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE WAR WOUNDS OF THE CHEST
Authors: J. E. H. Roberts, J. G. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1917)

While operating on cases of infected haemothora -wtlh open "sucking" wounds or severe rib inj'ury, I hiave on several ocdasiQns found the lung adherent to the chest Avall in the nel3hbourliood of trie wound.The hiaemo- thorax is shut in by these adhesions.I have seen the same at twvo autopsies.Is this an attempt by natture to
Randomized Secondary Prevention Trial of Azithromycin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Joseph B. Muhlestein, Jeffrey L. Anderson, John F. Carlquist, Kirti Salunkhe, Benjamin D. Horne, Robert R. Pearson, T. Jared Bunch, Ann Allen, Sanjeev Trehan, Cindy Nielson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), although its causal role is uncertain. A small preliminary study reported a >50% reduction in ischemic events by azithromycin, an antibiotic effective against C pneumoniae, in seropositive CAD patients. We tested this prospectively in a larger, randomized, double-blind study.CAD patients (n=302) seropositive to C pneumoniae (IgG titers >/=1:16) were randomized to placebo or azithromycin 500 mg/d for 3 days and then 500 mg/wk for 3 months. The primary clinical end point included cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, unstable angina, and unplanned coronary revascularization at 2 years. Treatment groups were balanced, and azithromycin was generally well tolerated. During the trial, 47 first primary events occurred (cardiovascular death, 9; resuscitated cardiac arrest, 1; MI, 11; stroke, 3; unstable angina, 4; and unplanned coronary revascularization, 19), with 22 events in the azithromycin group and 25 in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in the 1 primary end point between the 2 groups (hazard ratio for azithromycin, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.61; P:=0.74). Events included 9 versus 7 occurring within 6 months and 13 versus 18 between 6 and 24 months in the azithromycin and placebo groups, respectively.This study suggests that antibiotic therapy with azithromycin is not associated with marked early reductions (>/=50%) in ischemic events as suggested by an initial published report. However, a clinically worthwhile benefit (ie, 20% to 30%) is still possible, although it may be delayed. Larger (several thousand patient), longer-term (>/=3 to 5 years) antibiotic studies are therefore indicated.
Dutch GPs in protest at modernisation plans
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Dutch GPs have clashed with their government over pressures to modernise general practice without further investment, before the introduction of market forces.

GPs fear for the quality of their care as demands for larger multidisciplinary practices grow, with the introduction of a new market driven health insurance system on 1 January 2006.

Angered that they are not “being taken seriously” they have begun referring patients to hospitals and physiotherapists “sooner than they normally would.” Typically GPs are referring one or two patients a day earlier than before.

What began as a small regional action has now spread to cover most of Holland's 8000 GPs, …