tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors for Intracellular NADH Detection
Authors: Yuzheng Zhao, Jing Jin, Qingxun Hu, Hai-Meng Zhou, Jing Yi, Zhenhang Yu, Lei Xu, Xue Wang, Yi Yang, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)

We have developed genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which manifest a large change in fluorescence upon NADH binding. We demonstrate the utility of these sensors in mammalian cells by monitoring the dynamic changes in NADH levels in subcellular organelles as affected by NADH transport, glucose metabolism, electron transport chain function, and redox environment, and we demonstrate the temporal separation of changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic NADH levels with perturbation. These results support the view that cytosolic NADH is sensitive to environmental changes, while mitochondria have a strong tendency to maintain physiological NADH homeostasis. These sensors provide a very good alternative to existing techniques that measure endogenous fluorescence of intracellular NAD(P)H and, owing to their superior sensitivity and specificity, allow for the selective monitoring of total cellular and compartmental responses of this essential cofactor.
Priorities in the investigation of human health hazards in the plastics and synthetic rubber industries
Authors: Irving J. Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Experiences in the past decade provide guidance in selecting priorities for investigation of health hazards in chemical industries. Pride of place should be given to the experience of large industrial populations, in part simply because large numbers of people are at risk and in part because such studies are more likely to give reliable answers. This recommendation has further strength when there is community exposure as well. Parenthetically, large populations provide opportunity to study multiple factor interaction; without this, toxic potential of a single agent may be obscured. Second, investigations should be mounted when there is reason for suspicion, as with particular chemical configurations, observed organ toxicity, animal carcinogenicity, unusual clinical experience ("signal" tumors). It may be added that when agents have already been used several decades, evaluation of human experience with them is now in order, if only to document absence of toxicity. The same recommendations hold for planned introduction of new agents or widened distribution of existing ones, until we have better information concerning validity of "pretesting" programs. Major advances have been made in epidemiological methods for these investigations. These now allow us to successfully focus on small defined groups as well as to manage large populations.
Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease. A position paper from the Council on Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care, American Heart Association.
Authors: A E Taylor, D C Johnson, H Kazemi
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Although the number of cardiovascular deaths associated with environmental tobacco smoke cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, the available evidence indicates that environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of heart disease. The effects of environmental tobacco smoke on cardiovascular function, platelet function, neutrophil function, and plaque formation are the probable mechanisms leading to heart disease. The risk of death due to heart disease is increased by about 30% among those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home and could be much higher in those exposed at the workplace, where higher levels of environmental tobacco smoke may be present. Even though considerable uncertainty is a part of any analysis on the health affects of environmental tobacco smoke because of the difficulty of conducting long-term studies and selecting sample populations, an estimated 35,000-40,000 cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 3,000-5,000 lung cancer deaths due to environmental tobacco smoke exposure have been predicted to occur each year. The AHA's Council on Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care has concluded that environmental tobacco smoke is a major preventable cause of cardiovascular disease and death. The council strongly supports efforts to eliminate all exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke. This requires that environmental tobacco smoke be treated as an environmental toxin, and ways to protect workers and the public from this health hazard should be developed. According to a 1989 Gallup survey commissioned by the American Lung Association, 86% of nonsmokers think that environmental tobacco smoke is harmful and 77% believe that smokers should abstain in the presence of nonsmokers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Risk Profile of Clinical Trial Participants
Authors: William J. Kostis, Sri Ram Pentakota, Abel E. Morerya
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INTRAORBITAL TUMORS.
Authors: FLAVEL B. TIFFANY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

That the subject of differential diagnosis of intraorbital tumors is worthy of consideration is emphasized by the egregious mistake made recently by some of the members of the Association in the case here reported. My object is not to criticise those who saw, examined and made their diagnoses, but rather to emphasize the liability even of eminent oculists to err in their diagnoses of growths of the orbit and consequently to advise treatment which if carried out would be damaging to the patient as well as to the oculist. Before proceeding to administer treatment for intraorbital tumors, we should arrive, if possible, at a correct diagnosis, as there are several kinds of growths which invade the orbit, and not all are amenable to the same treatment. Among the several kinds of growths of the orbit there exist both benign and malignant. There are bony, fleshy, bloody, nervous, fatty and serous
Large, sustained cardiac lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity in the coronary circulation after brief episodes of myocardial ischemia
Authors: Antonino Buffon, Stefano A Santini, Vito Ramazzotti, Stefano Rigattieri, Giovanna Liuzzo, Luigi M Biasucci, Filippo Crea, Bruno Giardina, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Effect of Repeated Communal Violence on Mental Health
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Penicillin-Sensitive Gonococci and Polyarthritis
Authors: Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

For those senior investigators who helped introduce depot penicillin into clinical practice, the article in this issue ofThe Journalby Trentham and colleagues (p 2410) on the treatment of gonococcal arthritis is particularly gratifying. When penicillin G was more expensive and intravenous therapy less routine, the demonstration of the levels in the blood achieved by injections of procaine penicillin G was of great interest, especially when such levels were far in excess of the penicillin sensitivity of such organisms as group A streptococci,Treponema pallidum, pneumococci, and gonococci.1,2  Proceeding on the assumption of the continued sensitivity of gonococci which produce bacteremia and arthritis, some of us who needed to differentiate the syndrome of gonococcal polyarthritis from acute rheumatic fever in an adolescent population in which both diseases were prevalent found that a therapeutic trial of 600,000 units of procaine penicillin G daily was very useful. Such therapy seemed
Eosinophilic Inflammation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: GIOVANNI BALZANO, FRANCESCO STEFANELLI, CARMELA IORIO, ALBERTO DE FELICE, ENRICO M. MELILLO, MICHELE MARTUCCI, GAETANO MELILLO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The number and significance of airway eosinophils in stable COPD is controversial. Aims of this study were to evaluate airway inflammation in patients with stable COPD compared with other groups, and to examine the correlations between inflammatory markers and functional indices of airway obstruction. Cellular analysis and evaluation of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in induced sputum were made in 46 subjects (10 patients with clinically stable COPD, 15 patients with asthma, 11 asymptomatic smokers, and 10 healthy control subjects). As expected, eosinophils were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in patients with asthma (22.2%) than in other groups (COPD, 0.7%; smokers, 0.2%; control subjects, 0.2%), and neutrophils were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in patients with COPD (77.5%) than in the other groups (asthma, 26.7%; smokers, 33.1%; control subjects, 35.9%). However, eosinophils were also increased in patients with COPD, as compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Sputum ECP levels were significantly and similarly higher in both asthma and COPD groups than in the other two groups (p < 0.01). In patients with COPD and asymptomatic smokers, considered as a whole, good correlations were found between eosinophils and ECP, on the one hand, and between FEV(1) and the FEV(1)/FVC ratio, on the other. Our data suggest that eosinophils may be involved in the airway inflammation of COPD.
Prompt use of neuraminidase inhibitors improves survival of children severely ill with flu
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Prompt treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors improves survival of children who are critically ill with influenza, concludes a US study published in Pediatrics .

Researchers from the California Department of Public Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed medical records of children aged up to 17 years who had been hospitalized in intensive care units in California from 2009 to 2012, together with laboratory confirmed cases of flu reported to the California public …
London GP cleared of serious professional misconduct
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The judicial committee of the Privy Council last week quashed a finding of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council against a London GP. The doctor had been referred to the GMC for having failed to respond to repeated requests for a home visit to a 79 year old patient with arthritis who had had a fall.

The three judges—Lord Hutton, Lord Steyn, and Sir Philip Otton—said they were left with a “profound sense of unease” at the GMC's finding against Michael Silver, a …
Multiple endocrine neoplasms in a patient with AL amyloidosis-associated plasma cell dyscrasia
Authors: Kunihiko Seki, Shingo Wakatsuki, Kazuo Hizawa, Tadashi hasegawa, Yuichi Fujinaka, Hiroshi Yokogoshi, Shiro Saito, Toshiaki Sano
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1997)
Abstract 1058: Grainyhead-like 2 regulates molecular subtype switching in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Vin Yee Chung, Meng Kang Wong, Kuee Theng Kuay, Tuan Zea Tan, Ernesto Guccione, Jean Paul Thiery, Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is clinically heterogeneous, comprising different histological and biological subtypes. Despite tumor heterogeneity, patient stratification is lacking and targeted therapeutic options for EOC are limited. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important developmental process that allows the conversion of epithelial cells to mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated in contributing to the molecular heterogeneity in EOC. Emerging evidence suggests that EMT in EOC may be associated with tumor progression and metastasis. We aim to decipher the underlying EMT mechanisms by using a panel of 42 EMT-phenotyped EOC cell lines. We found that Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), a transcription factor, was expressed exclusively in EOC cells with epithelial phenotype by using qPCR, ELISA and western blots. EOC tumors with Mesenchymal molecular subtype also showed a decrease in GRHL2 expression. These data suggest that GRHL2 is required for maintaining cell polarity or cell-cell adhesion. Therefore, manipulating the expression of GRHL2 might switch the EMT-related molecular subtypes in EOC. Here, we showed that knocking down of GRHL2 resulted in EMT changes in EOC cells with Epithelial molecular subtype, accompanied by an increase in cell motility and directional migration. GRHL2-deficient cells also showed a tendency to migrate individually instead of collectively, thus suggesting that GRHL2 might be required for collective cell migration. Knock-down of GRHL2 not only downregulates E-cadherin expression, but also interferes with the stability of E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) identified GRHL2 transcriptional targets that might be the downstream mediators for this molecular subtype switch. In conclusion, GRHL2 is an important regulator in maintaining the epithelial phenotype and crucial player in molecular heterogeneity in EOC. Citation Format: Vin Yee Chung, Meng Kang Wong, Kuee Theng Kuay, Tuan Zea Tan, Ernesto Guccione, Jean Paul Thiery, Ruby Yun-Ju Huang. Grainyhead-like 2 regulates molecular subtype switching in epithelial ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1058. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1058
A woman's choice
Authors: J. Hollis-Triantafillou
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Amid all the recent medical and public debates on the complicated ethical issues involved in the management of relatively rare variations of pregnancy, it might be a good idea to reexamine the basic issue of termination of pregnancy from the point of view of the 52% of the population whose voice has tended to be drowned in the furore, that of women.

Women do not talk much about their abortions except to their gynaecologists and close friends, but the problem of unwanted pregnancy is one that most of them face at some time during the 40 or so years of their reproductive lives. Even with modern methods of …
Pulmonary Function: A Guide for Clinicians
Authors: K. Welty-Wolf
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Pulmonary function testing has come a long way since its inception in the mid-1800s, when John Hutchinson made the first measurements of vital capacity using what has since become the modern spirometer. In the practice of pulmonary medicine today these physiological measurements of lung function have become an integral part of the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders. There are many excellent texts that decribe the techniques for performing and guidelines for interpreting these tests, and it is hard to make a case in such a market …
Colon Carcinoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland
Authors: JAMES W. LESTER, MICHAEL P. CARTER, SANFORD V. BERENS, ROBERT F. LONG, GERALD E. CAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Metastatic carcinoma to the thyroid gland rarely is encountered in clinical practice; however, autopsy series have shown that it is not a rare occurrence. A case of adenocarcinoma of the colon with metastases to the thyroid is reported. A review of the literature reveals that melanoma, breast, renal, and lung carcinomas are the most frequent tumors to metastasize to the thyroid. Metastatic disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cold nodules on radionuclide thyroid scans, particularly in patients with a known primary.
GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN SURVIVAL AND PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING HYPOTHERMIA AFTER CARDIAC ARREST
Authors: Anushree Agarwal, Tonga Nfor, Chi Cho, Anna Tyszkowska, Daniel Ortiz, Ludmil Lazarov, Surya Palakuru, Arshad Jahangir, Suhail Allaqaband
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF HIP DISEASE.
Authors: ADOLPH LORENZ
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Gentlemen:</h3> —Your friendly greeting reminds me of the splendid time which it was permitted me to spend in your great, free country. As that period was the most beautiful in my whole life, I naturally am glad to be reminded thereof, and, before everything else, let me thank you for having brought to my memory those reminiscences of America. Indeed, as I look over this meeting I can once more feel myself back in that time when I was permitted to describe and demonstrate my bloodless orthopedic operations to large audiences of my American colleagues. My American brethren were indeed very amiable, but they also let me work very hard. I may say that never in my life have I labored as in America. It was there that I learned what it meant to lead a "strenuous life." I have chosen as the subject of my discourse one which will
Blood-Based Biomarkers of SU11248 Activity and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Metastatic Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Anat Norden-Zfoni, Jayesh Desai, Judith Manola, Paul Beaudry, Jeremy Force, Robert Maki, Judah Folkman, Carlo Bello, Charles Baum, Sam E. DePrimo, David R. Shalinsky, Goerge D. Demetri, John V. Heymach
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: There is an unmet need for noninvasive markers to measure the biological effects of targeted agents, particularly those inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) pathway, and identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment. In this study, we investigated potential blood-based biomarkers for SU11248 (sunitinib malate), a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with metastatic imatinib-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Experimental Design: Patients (n = 73) enrolled in a phase I/II trial received SU11248 daily for 14 or 28 days followed by 14 days without treatment per cycle. Clinical benefit was defined as progression-free survival of &amp;gt;6 months. We assessed plasma markers, including VEGF and soluble VEGFR-2 (sVEGFR-2), and two cellular populations bearing VEGF receptors: monocytes and, in a subset of patients, mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Results: Compared to patients with progressive disease, patients with clinical benefit had significantly greater increases in CECs (0.52 versus −−0.01 CEC/μL/d, P = 0.03) and smaller decreases in monocyte levels (47% versus 60%, P = 0.007) during cycle 1. VEGF increased by 2.2-fold and sVEGFR-2 decreased 25% during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Neither plasma marker correlated with clinical outcome although a modest inverse correlation was observed between sVEGFR-2 changes and plasma drug levels. Monocytes, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 all rebounded towards baseline off treatment. Conclusions: Monocytes, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 were consistently modulated by treatment, suggesting that they may serve as pharmacodynamic markers for SU11248. Changes in CECs and monocytes, but not the plasma markers, differed between the patients with clinical benefit and those with progressive disease. These end points merit further investigation in future trials to determine their utility as markers of SU11248 activity and clinical benefit in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other tumor types.
International Health Assistance for Eurasia
Authors: G A Gellert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

EVIDENCE is accumulating of substantial deterioration in the health status of people living in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.1 , 2 The public health system has degenerated in recent decades. Support for preventive services has been largely rhetorical. The Soviet health care system relied excessively on hospitals to provide primary care. The Soviet Union spent only one eighth the amount spent by the United States on health services, and less than half the average amount spent by other industrialized nations.3 The system was inefficient and inequitable and remains so. Although international health assistance need not be hugely expensive,4 , 5 even limited . . .
1013-68 Postoperative and Late Prognosis for Diabetics Undergoing Vascular Surgery: Combining Clinical Evaluation and Dipyridamole-Thallium Imaging Improves Risk Stratification
Authors: Sumita O. Paul, Gilbert J. L'ltalien, Robert C. Hendel, Jeffrey A. Leppo, Christopher M. Coley, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Inhibition of Activated Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Endometrial Cancer Cells Induces Cell Death Despite PTEN Abrogation
Authors: Sara A. Byron, Michael G. Gartside, Candice L. Wellens, Mary A. Mallon, Jack B. Keenan, Matthew A. Powell, Paul J. Goodfellow, Pamela M. Pollock
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract KRAS activation and PTEN inactivation are frequent events in endometrial tumorigenesis, occurring in 10% to 30% and 26% to 80% of endometrial cancers, respectively. Because we have recently shown activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in 16% of endometrioid endometrial cancers, we sought to determine the genetic context in which FGFR2 mutations occur. Analysis of 116 primary endometrioid endometrial cancers revealed that FGFR2 and KRAS mutations were mutually exclusive, whereas FGFR2 mutations were seen concomitantly with PTEN mutations. Here, we show that shRNA knockdown of FGFR2 or treatment with a pan-FGFR inhibitor, PD173074, resulted in cell cycle arrest and induction of cell death in endometrial cancer cells with activating mutations in FGFR2. This cell death in response to FGFR2 inhibition occurred within the context of loss-of-function mutations in PTEN and constitutive AKT phosphorylation, and was associated with a marked reduction in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Together, these data suggest that inhibition of FGFR2 may be a viable therapeutic option in endometrial tumors possessing activating mutations in FGFR2, despite the frequent abrogation of PTEN in this cancer type. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):6902–7]