tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infections and Benzalkonium Solutions
Authors: Andrew E. Ogden
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium compounds, eg, benzalkonium chloride, USP, are relatively ineffective against some gram-negative bacilliincluding<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The compounds are partly inactivated when combined with protein (as of the skin) or other organic matter such as cotton pledgets. Serious infections have been reported when aqueous solutions contaminated with<i>Pseudomonas</i>organisms were used for preparation of the surgical field and for maintaining the sterility of surgical instruments. When used as a skin disinfectant for intravenous and intramuscular injections, a rare, fatal infection has occurred. <i>Pseudomonas</i>infections were reported from the use of such solutions in hospital dressing stations and operating theatres (<i>Brit J Industr Med</i><b>8</b>:22-25 [Jan] 1951). In 1957 it was demonstrated that 1.0 gm of cotton gauze would absorb 3.7 mg of benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran) from a 1:746 solution ("Investigations on Adsorption of Benzalkonium Chloride,<i>Arch Surg</i><b>75</b>:1036-1042 [Dec] 1957). The danger
Interferon α-2b with and without ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen–positive chronic hepatitis B: A randomized study
Authors: Chun‐Jen Liu, Ming‐Yang Lai, You‐Chen Chao, Li‐Ying Liao, Sien‐Sing Yang, Tun‐Jen Hsiao, Tsai‐Yuan Hsieh, Chih‐Lin Lin, Jui‐Ting Hu, Chi‐Ling Chen, Per‐Jer Chen, Jia‐Horng Kao, Ding‐Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

To study whether interferon (IFN) alpha and ribavirin combination therapy has a beneficial effect for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B, we enrolled 119 such patients in a randomized study. Fifty-nine patients received 5 million units of IFN-alpha2b daily for 4 weeks followed by 5 million units three times a week for 28 weeks, plus 1,200 mg ribavirin daily. Sixty patients received the same dosage of IFN plus placebo. They were followed up for 24 weeks posttreatment, and 105 patients (88%) completed the entire course of 56 weeks. By intention-to-treat analysis, the rate of combined response (serum hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA <2.5 pg/mL and HBeAg seroconversion) was 17% versus 25% between the IFN/ribavirin and IFN/placebo group, respectively, at the end of treatment (P = .35) and 25% vs. 20% at the end of follow-up (P = .32). Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, the log10 reduction of serum HBV DNA was 1.05 +/- 1.72 (mean +/- SD) versus 1.29 +/- 1.91 between the two groups at the end of treatment (P = .49) and was 2.15 +/- 2.15 versus 1.21 +/- 2.48 at the end of follow-up (P = .04). Prolonged observations in 83 patients suggested that the combined response was 29% (n = 17) versus 20% (n = 12) at 48 weeks after the end of treatment, respectively (P = .17). The safety profile was similar, except that the IFN/ribavirin group had a higher risk of anemia (15% vs. 0%; P = .002). In conclusion, for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, adding ribavirin does not seem to increase the efficacy of IFN.
Gastro-oesophageal function in normal subjects after oral administration of ranitidine.
Authors: L Wallin, T Madsen, S Boesby
Journal: Gut (1983)

The aim of the study was to investigate gastro-oesophageal function in normal subjects after oral administration of 150 mg ranitidine as a single dose. The study was designed as a double blind crossover investigation. Ten healthy men, aged 26-49 years (median 29 years) joined the study. A series of oesophageal function tests were performed, starting 90 minutes after oral intake of ranitidine or placebo. Gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure was measured using a perfused catheter system and a continuous pull-through technique. No changes in sphincter pressure could be demonstrated. Peristaltic amplitude in the body of the oesophagus as well as the duration and velocity of the peristalsis were measured after wet swallows (bolus 5 ml of water). We found no changes in these variables. Intragastric pH was measured and was higher after ranitidine than after placebo (p less than 0.005). Plasma ranitidine concentration did not correlate with intragastric pH. No effect of ranitidine could be demonstrated on the results of a standard acid clearing test. It is concluded that ranitidine, given orally in sufficient doses to suppress gastric acid secretion, does not influence gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure or peristaltic activity in the oesophagus of normal subjects.
Regulated Expression of Nuclear Receptor RORγt Confers Distinct Functional Fates to NK Cell Receptor-Expressing RORγt+ Innate Lymphocytes
Authors: Cedric Vonarbourg, Arthur Mortha, Viet L. Bui, Pedro P. Hernandez, Elina A. Kiss, Thomas Hoyler, Melanie Flach, Bertram Bengsch, Robert Thimme, Christoph Hölscher, Manfred Hönig, Ulrich Pannicke, Klaus Schwarz, Carl F. Ware, Daniela Finke, Andreas Diefenbach
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Treatment of progression of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia by azacitidine: a report on 54 cases on the behalf of the Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies (GFM)
Authors: Sylvain Thepot, Raphael Itzykson, Valerie Seegers, Emmanuel Raffoux, Bruno Quesnel, Yasmine Chait, Lucile Sorin, Francois Dreyfus, Thomas Cluzeau, Jacques Delaunay, Laurence Sanhes, Virginie Eclache, Caroline Dartigeas, Pascal Turlure, Stephanie Harel, Celia Salanoubat, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Pierre Fenaux, Lionel Adès
Journal: Blood (2010)
RED CROSS RELIEF WORK AT GUATEMALA
Authors: J. S. Hoagsdon
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —The American Red Cross Relief Commission, sent by the National Red Cross to Guatemala to aid the sufferers of the earthquakes that have destroyed Guatemala City, consisting of Dr. Alvin M. Struse of the Rockefeller Foundation as medical director, Mr. J. J. O'Connor of the Red Cross as relief administrator, Mr. Edward Stuart, who recently was in charge of sanitary work for the Red Cross in Serbia, as sanitary engineer, and Mr. Mayo Tolman of West Virginia as assistant sanitary engineer have organized a large camp for the homeless on the outskirts of the city.  The United States War Department has contributed 4,000 tents for this purpose, and the American Red Cross has sent supplies and medical equipment to the value of $150,000.  Large quantities of smallpox vaccine and typhoid and paratyphoid vaccine have been sent, and the entire population of the city is being vaccinated. Preventive
COMBINED PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY AND PSYCHOANALYTIC TRAINING
Authors: HAROLD I. KAPLAN, ALFRED M. FREEDMAN, SIMON H. NAGLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

A combined psychiatric-psychoanalytic training program has been instituted at New York Medical College. Through this program, a resident in training may commence psychoanalytic training in the evening institute of the Department of Psychiatry at the end of his first year of residency. He may then receive two years of psychoanalytic training concurrent with his last two years of residency, which afford him the following benefits: didactic analysis at a reduced fee of $15 per session, free psychoanalytic institute tuition and free control analysis. If he is appointed to the fulltime psychiatric staff after completion of his residency, he may continue to receive these benefits. This program has been well received by the residents in training at New York Medical College. Its many practical and theoretical advantages are discussed as well as its ultimate implications.
Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of different assay methods and their early predictive value for disease activity and outcome.
Authors: J S Reeback, A J Silman, E J Holborow, R N Maini, F C Hay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The performance of four different assays for circulating immune complexes-the C1q solid phase method, one using protein A and one using anti-IgG, C1q PEG, and the 2% PEG method-were compared in 61 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis followed up for two years. There were weak but statistically significant correlations between the results from some of the pairs of assays, but the changes over time from any single assay did not correlate with those from any of the other assays. None of the assays predicted either future disease activity, as measured by subsequent ESR, CRP, and articular index; or functional outcome, as measured by wrist extension, Steinbocker functional capacity, and the Stanford health assessment questionnaire. It is unlikely therefore that the measurement of immune complexes is of value in predicting early outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Physicians' Use of Objective Data in Clinical Diagnoses
Authors: Katharine O. Elsom
Journal: JAMA (1967)

How a physician makes a diagnosis, the objective values he employs, and the way he weighs these in relation to other factors has remained largely outside the province of research. With the rising demand for preventive medical services, and for the diagnosis of disease in early stages, there is need both to conserve the physician's time and to extend his efficiency. Suggestions<sup>1-4</sup>have been made that a computer be used to screen well persons from the sick and also to assist in early diagnosis, thereby freeing the physician for more complicated decisionmaking. Such suggestions imply demarcations between "normal" and "diseased" states in objective data and also imply a knowledge of what factors a physician uses, and how he uses them, in arriving at a diagnosis. The standards now used for abnormality in objective data are based largely on experience with hospitalized patients and with young normal volunteer subjects. Whether
Effect of Dietary Protein and Heated Fat on Serum Cholesterol and Beta-Lipoprotein Levels, and on the Incidence of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Chicks
Authors: T. NISHIDA, F. TAKENAKA, F. A. KUMMEROW
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The present results indicate that dietary protein tends to depress the atherogenic effect of dietary cholesterol and fat. The substitution of heated oil for fresh oil depresses the serum cholesterol and β-lipoprotein levels, but the incidence of atherosclerosis is at least as high as with fresh oil, indicating that the serum cholesterol and β-lipoprotein levels are not necessarily proportional to the degree of experimental atherosclerosis.
Applying Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic methods in speech pathology.
Authors: Frances P. Gaines
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This new volume is a revision and enlargement of an original workbook which appeared in 1952 under the title<i>Diagnostic Manual in Speech Correction</i>. Although designed for speech clinicians, it actually serves better for students concerned with the compilation of case histories and with interviewing in its basic form. The supplementary discussions and outlines for dysphasia, cerebral palsy, cleft palate, laryngectomy, and stuttering merely outline pertinent facts in the taking of a case history instead of offering a thorough discussion of the particular subject. The book includes tests and examination procedures covering general speech and language behavior, the speech mechanism, voice, articulation rate, fluency, amount of speaking, language development, and several aspects of the problem of stuttering. Reviews of research data provide a basis for the discriminating use of the various procedures and interpretation of examination findings. This book is an excellent adjunct for instructors to use with students in
The surface protein HvgA mediates group B streptococcus hypervirulence and meningeal tropism in neonates
Authors: Asmaa Tazi, Olivier Disson, Samuel Bellais, Abdelouhab Bouaboud, Nicolas Dmytruk, Shaynoor Dramsi, Michel-Yves Mistou, Huot Khun, Charlotte Mechler, Isabelle Tardieux, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Marc Lecuit, Claire Poyart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus; GBS) is a normal constituent of the intestinal microflora and the major cause of human neonatal meningitis. A single clone, GBS ST-17, is strongly associated with a deadly form of the infection called late-onset disease (LOD), which is characterized by meningitis in infants after the first week of life. The pathophysiology of LOD remains poorly understood, but our epidemiological and histopathological results point to an oral route of infection. Here, we identify a novel ST-17–specific surface-anchored protein that we call hypervirulent GBS adhesin (HvgA), and demonstrate that its expression is required for GBS hypervirulence. GBS strains that express HvgA adhered more efficiently to intestinal epithelial cells, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and microvascular endothelial cells that constitute the blood–brain barrier (BBB), than did strains that do not express HvgA. Heterologous expression of HvgA in nonadhesive bacteria conferred the ability to adhere to intestinal barrier and BBB-constituting cells. In orally inoculated mice, HvgA was required for intestinal colonization and translocation across the intestinal barrier and the BBB, leading to meningitis. In conclusion, HvgA is a critical virulence trait of GBS in the neonatal context and stands as a promising target for the development of novel diagnostic and antibacterial strategies.
Serum leptin levels, skin leptin and leptin receptor expression in psoriasis
Authors: A.A. Çerman, S. Bozkurt, A. Sav, A. Tulunay, M.O. Elbaşı, T. Ergun
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Recent studies support the relation of psoriasis with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted predominantly from adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of energy intake and expenditure. Recently, it has been shown to have several immunological effects including induction of proinflammatory cytokine production.To investigate the possible role of leptin in psoriasis pathogenesis.Forty-three patients with psoriasis, 10 diseased and 10 healthy controls with normal body mass index were included. Serum fasting leptin levels of the study group were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue leptin and leptin receptor expression of both patients and controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Serum leptin levels, tissue leptin and leptin receptor expression were significantly higher in patients with severe psoriasis than patients with mild-moderate psoriasis and controls (P < 0.05). Serum leptin levels showed a positive correlation with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and involved body surface area in patients with psoriasis. In addition, serum leptin levels, tissue leptin and leptin receptor expression showed a positive correlation with disease duration in patients with psoriasis (P < 0.01, r = 0.979; P < 0.01, r = 0.691; P < 0.01, r = 0.428, respectively).We assume that leptin might serve as a marker of severity in psoriasis and also may be a pathogenetic cofactor contributing to chronicity of the disease. Consequently, its role in obesity and cardiovascular disease in patients with psoriasis deserves to be studied. In addition, drugs targeting the proinflammatory effects of leptin may be a new adjuvant therapeutic approach in psoriasis.
The Transcription Factor KLF2 Restrains CD4 + T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation
Authors: June-Yong Lee, Cara N. Skon, You Jeong Lee, Soohwan Oh, Justin J. Taylor, Deepali Malhotra, Marc K. Jenkins, M. Geoffrey Rosenfeld, Kristin A. Hogquist, Stephen C. Jameson
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Future of Personalized Medicine in Oncology: A Systems Biology Approach
Authors: Ana Maria Gonzalez-Angulo, Bryan T.J. Hennessy, Gordon B. Mills
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The development of cost-effective technologies able to comprehensively assess DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolites in patient tumors has fueled efforts to tailor medical care. Indeed validated molecular tests assessing tumor tissue or patient germline DNA already drive therapeutic decision making. However, many theoretical and regulatory challenges must still be overcome before fully realizing the promise of personalized molecular medicine. The masses of data generated by high-throughput technologies are challenging to manage, visualize, and convert to the knowledge required to improve patient outcomes. Systems biology integrates engineering, physics, and mathematical approaches with biologic and medical insights in an iterative process to visualize the interconnected events within a cell that determine how inputs from the environment and the network rewiring that occurs due to the genomic aberrations acquired by patient tumors determines cellular behavior and patient outcomes. A cross-disciplinary systems biology effort will be necessary to convert the information contained in multidimensional data sets into useful biomarkers that can classify patient tumors by prognosis and response to therapeutic modalities and to identify the drivers of tumor behavior that are optimal targets for therapy. An understanding of the effects of targeted therapeutics on signaling networks and homeostatic regulatory loops will be necessary to prevent inadvertent effects as well as to develop rational combinatorial therapies. Systems biology approaches identifying molecular drivers and biomarkers will lead to the implementation of smaller, shorter, cheaper, and individualized clinical trials that will increase the success rate and hasten the implementation of effective therapies into the clinical armamentarium.
PROTEOSE INTOXICATIONS AND INJURY OF BODY PROTEIN
Authors: G. H. Whipple, J. V. Cooke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Proteose injections in dogs cause vomiting, diarrhea, temperature reactions, low blood pressure, prostration, and, after large doses, an excess of antithrombin with incoagulable blood. A single proteose injection, for example one-half a lethal dose, causes abrupt clinical reactions in a normal dog with apparent complete recovery within 24 to 48 hours. The nitrogen elimination curve in a fasting dog under such conditions shows a great rise in total urinary nitrogen. The apex of the curve usually falls during the second 24 hour period following the injection. This rise may be over 100 per cent increase above the mean base-line nitrogen level. It does not fall promptly to normal but declines slowly in 3 to 5 days or more toward the original base-line (Text-fig. 1). This speaks for a definite cell injury with destruction of considerable protein substance due to a single proteose injection. The disturbance of cell equilibrium is not rapidly or promptly restored to normal. A dog which has received previous proteose injections is partially immune or tolerant to subsequent injections of proteose. These dogs, as a rule, show less intense clinical reactions and less rise in the curve of nitrogen elimination following a unit dose of standard proteose as compared with normal or non-immune controls. The proteose used in these experiments was prepared as described from material obtained in cases of intestinal obstruction or of closed intestinal loops. These experiments explain the sharp rise in blood non-protein nitrogen which follows within a few hours the injection of a toxic proteose. They also point to the correct explanation of the high non-protein nitrogen of the blood found in intestinal obstruction or with closed intestinal loops.
Coronary flow reserve calculated from pressure measurements in humans. Validation with positron emission tomography.
Authors: B De Bruyne, T Baudhuin, J A Melin, N H Pijls, S U Sys, A Bol, W J Paulus, G R Heyndrickx, W Wijns
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have shown that fractional flow reserve (defined as the ratio of maximal achievable flow in a stenotic area to normal maximal achievable flow) can be calculated from coronary pressure measurements only. The objectives of this study were to validate fractional flow reserve calculation in humans and to compare this information with that derived from quantitative coronary angiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients with an isolated, discrete proximal or mid left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis and normal left ventricular function were studied. Relative myocardial flow reserve, defined as the ratio of absolute myocardial perfusion during maximal vasodilation in the stenotic area to the absolute myocardial perfusion during maximal vasodilation (adenosine 140 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 intravenously during 4 minutes) in the contralateral normally perfused area, was assessed by 15O-labeled water and positron emission tomography (PET). Myocardial and coronary fractional flow reserve were calculated from mean aortic, distal coronary, and right atrial pressures recorded during maximal vasodilation. Distal coronary pressures were measured by an ultrathin, pressure-monitoring guide wire with minimal influence on the trans-stenotic pressure gradient. Minimal obstruction area, percent area stenosis, and calculated stenosis flow reserve were assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. There was no difference in heart rate, mean aortic pressure, or rate-pressure product during maximal vasodilation during PET and during catheterization. Percent area stenosis ranged from 40% to 94% (mean, 77 +/- 13%), myocardial fractional flow reserve from 0.36 to 0.98 (mean, 0.61 +/- 0.17), and relative flow reserve from 0.27 to 1.23 (mean, 0.60 +/- 0.26). A close correlation was found between relative flow reserve obtained by PET and both myocardial fractional flow reserve (r = .87) and coronary fractional flow reserve obtained by pressure recordings (r = .86). The correlations between relative flow reserve obtained by PET and stenosis measurements derived from quantitative coronary angiography were markedly weaker (minimal obstruction area, r = .66; percent area stenosis, r = -.70; and stenosis flow reserve, r = .68). CONCLUSIONS Fractional flow reserve derived from pressure measurements correlates more closely to relative flow reserve derived from PET than angiographic parameters. This validates in humans the use of fractional flow reserve as an index of the physiological consequences of a given coronary artery stenosis.