tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHILDREN'S DISEASES.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our purpose in this paper is to enforce the efficacy of heat in the treatment of the ills of infancy and childhood, as well as to illustrate the pleasing and peculiar adaptability of the Turkish bath, which is the most perfect form of using heat in all cases of disease. What we have to say is based on experience in raising a large family, as well as some considerable practice with patients during a period of thirty-five years. While a vast amount of disease and suffering that occur in early life is produced by errors in diet, clothing and exercise, a large portion of it comes from want of cleanliness, added to by impure air, unwholesome dwellings, etc. Lack of knowledge is responsible for many pernicious practices that lead to debility, and too frequently an untimely end. Impure air, of whatever nature, has the most deleterious influence upon infantile life,
Plasmodium falciparum uses a key functional site in complement receptor type-1 for invasion of human erythrocytes
Authors: Wai-Hong Tham, Christoph Q. Schmidt, Richard E. Hauhart, Mara Guariento, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, Sash Lopaticki, John P. Atkinson, Paul N. Barlow, Alan F. Cowman
Journal: Blood (2011)
SOME CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON CHICKEN-POX.
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The purpose of this brief paper is to record a number of observations in connection with varicella.This disease is not of great importance in itself, but it acquires a special prominence through its possible confusion with smallpox.The differential diagnosis of these two affec- tions, based on a study of many cases observed during a recent variolous epidemic, is given at some length.In the presentation of the accompanying data no pre- tense is made at logical sequence.At the present day it would appear an act of super- erogation to devote any time to proving the non-identity of chicken-pox and smallpox.And yet only a quarter of a century ago the relation of these two diseases was the subject of acrimonious controversy.The great Viennese dermatologist, Hebra, a man of large experi¬ ence in eruptive fevers, loudly proclaimed the unity of these two diseases.Remarkable as it may sewn, Hebra's views are still taught in Vienna at the present day.Kaposi, one of the foremost dermatologists of the world and a clinician skilled in the diagnosis of smallpox, tenaciously adhered to Hebra's views up to the time of his death, less than a year ago.Kassowitz and Hochsinger are still ardent advocates of the identity of variola and varicella.In Kaposi's last treatise he wrote :The arguments advanced by Thomas, Steiner, Monti, Henoch, etc., have been opposed by Hebra, Kassowitz and myself with arguments which appear to me sufficiently strong to deny the existence of a varicella distinct from variola.I recognize only a single form of variola, derived from a single virus, which may occur with more or less severe, even fatal symptoms, and at other times runs its course as an insignificant disease.
Spatial phenomenology requires potential illumination
Authors: James A. Schirillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Collapsing three-dimensional space into two violates Lehar's “volumetric mapping” constraint and can cause the visual system to construct illusory transparent regions to replace voxels that would have contained illumination. This may underlie why color constancy is worse in two dimensions, and argues for Lehar to revise his phenomenal spatial model by putting “potential illumination” in empty space.
A 60-Year-Old Woman With Sexual Difficulties
Authors: Jennifer E. Potter
Journal: JAMA (2007)

A growing body of evidence is available to guide care for women with sexual concerns. This article considers the case of a 60-year-old woman who with menopause developed decreased libido, rapidity of sexual arousal, and intensity of orgasm. She requests information about strategies to optimize sexual function. Effects of aging and menopause on female sexual response are reviewed and an evaluation approach presented to help clinicians respond productively to women who request intervention. The effectiveness and safety of different treatment options are discussed, including education, lifestyle changes, counseling, medications, mechanical devices, and pelvic floor exercises; recommendations are made to help postmenopausal women maximize sexual pleasure and satisfaction.
Reduced surface expression and binding of fibronectin by thrombin-stimulated thrombasthenic platelets.
Authors: M H Ginsberg, J Forsyth, A Lightsey, J Chediak, E F Plow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Thrombin stimulation results in increased surface expression of endogeneous fibronectin and binding of plasma fibronectin to human platelets. Platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, a bleeding disorder, exhibit reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, little or no clot retraction, and abnormal platelet spreading on glass surfaces. Thrombin stimulation of patient platelets from four thrombasthenic kindreds resulted in little fibronectin binding. Nevertheless, thrombin did induce serotonin secretion from these cells, indicating that stimulation was occurring. Thrombasthenic platelets did not inhibit thrombin-stimulated fibronectin binding to coincubated normal cells, suggesting that their defect was not due to the presence of a soluble inhibitor of fibronectin binding. Thrombin-stimulated afibrinogenemic platelets bound similar quantities of fibronectin to normal cells, indicating that the thrombasthenic deficit is not secondary to reduced fibrinogen content or binding. The thrombasthenic cells had an endogenous fibronectin content of 2.9 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(9) platelets, whereas cells simultaneously prepared from five normal individuals contained 1.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(9) platelets, a statistically insignificant difference. Nevertheless, thrombin stimulation did not increase expression of endogeneous fibronectin antigen on the surface of the thrombasthenic platelets as judged by immunofluorescence. These defects in platelet fibronectin binding and surface expression may account for some of the manifestations of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Costal Periostitis in Actinomycosis
Authors: AXEL JACOBS, DANNY F. SCHOORS, AXEL BOSSUYT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 25-year-old man with a history of occasional intravenous drug abuse was admitted to the hospital complaining of left-sided pleural discomfort and a chest wall mass, draining smelly pus, of 6 months' duration. Culture of the pus showed Actinomyces israelii. To detect a possible osseous involvement of the infectious process and to differentiate between periostitis and osteomyelitis of the neighboring ribs, Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy was performed.
The BMA comes to Newcastle
Authors: J. S Noble
Journal: BMJ (1980)

It is true that canny  will be 900 years old when the BMA visits the city in July, provided its establishment is recorded from the time Robert of Normandy built his Novo Castrum Super Tynam after the destruction of Saxon Monk chester by the Scots. But, as the city father said to the judge, Newcassel elwes wes an aincient place. Geography dictated this. It is at the lowest crossing place of the great river whose beautiful valley gave access to the west and its steep banks an ideal military site on the road north. The Romans called their bridge Pons Aelius after Hadrian's family and their camp Ad Muram after his wall, which runs from Tyne to Solway. A centre, therefore, of communication and defence and with access to the sea Newcastle's importance was assured. As the centuries passed the local mineral wealth gave an oil-rich prosperity and titles to the Ravensworths, Ridleys, and Joicies, and provided a springboard for the ship building and engineer ing industries which grew up along the Tyne.
Expert panel consensus statement on the optimal use of pomalidomide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: M A Dimopoulos, X Leleu, A Palumbo, P Moreau, M Delforge, M Cavo, H Ludwig, G J Morgan, F E Davies, P Sonneveld, S A Schey, S Zweegman, M Hansson, K Weisel, M V Mateos, T Facon, J F S Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

In this report, a panel of European myeloma experts discuss the role of pomalidomide in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Based on the available evidence, the combination of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone is a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for patients with RRMM who have exhausted treatment with lenalidomide and bortezomib. The optimal starting dose of pomalidomide is 4 mg given on days 1–21 of each 28-day cycle, whereas dexamethasone is administered at a dose of 40 mg weekly (reduced to 20 mg for patients aged >75 years). The treatment should continue until evidence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Dose-modification schemes have been established for patients who develop neutropenia, thrombocytopaenia and other grade 3–4 adverse events during pomalidomide therapy. Guidance on the prevention and management of infections and venous thromboembolism is provided, based on the available clinical evidence and the experience of panel members. The use of pomalidomide in special populations, such as patients with advanced age, renal impairment or unfavourable cytogenetic features, is also discussed.
Validity of Serum Fructosamine as Index of Short-Term Glycemic Control in Diabetic Outpatients
Authors: William T Cefalu, Trudy B Parker, Carolyn R Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay has become the standard by which clinicians have assessed long-term glycemic control in patients. Due to the relatively long half-life of the erythrocyte, the assay is not suited to monitor glycemic control over several weeks. In recent years, the measurement of serum glycosylated proteins with half-lives ranging from 17 to 20 days have been postulated to be more sensitive than the HbA1c in detecting intermediate glycemic control (1–3). Several methods have been used to measure serum protein glycosylation such as the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural colorimetric assay and affinity chromatography on boronate-agarose gels (1–4). However, these assays are time consuming and are not readily available in commercial laboratories for widespread clinical application. The fructosamine assay is a new colorimetric assay designed to measure serum glycosylated protein concentration.
Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate and Mortality in Persons With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Joachim H. Ix, Ian H. de Boer, Christina L. Wassel, Michael H. Criqui, Michael G. Shlipak, Mary A. Whooley
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— In persons with coronary artery disease, low body mass index is associated with greater mortality; however, it is uncertain whether low muscle mass is a risk factor for mortality in this setting. Methods and Results— In this study, 903 individuals with coronary artery disease provided 24-hour urine collections. We measured urine creatinine and volume and calculated creatinine excretion rate, a marker of muscle mass. Cox proportional-hazards models evaluated the association of creatinine excretion rate with mortality risk. Over a median follow-up of 6.0 years, 232 participants (26%) died. Compared with the highest sex-specific creatinine excretion rate tertile, the lowest tertile (&lt;1068 mg/d in men, &lt;766 mg/d in women) was associated with &gt;2-fold risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 3.51) in models adjusted for age, sex, race, cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, and C-reactive protein levels. The association was essentially unaltered with further adjustment for physical fitness, left ventricular mass, left ventricular ejection fraction, or fasting insulin and glucose levels. Conclusions— Lower creatinine excretion rate is strongly associated with mortality in outpatients with coronary artery disease, independently of conventional measures of body composition, kidney function, and traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. Future studies should determine whether low creatinine excretion rate may be a modifiable risk factor for mortality among persons with coronary artery disease, potentially through resistive exercise training or nutrition interventions.
Choledochoduodenal fistula after biliary placement of a self-expanding metallic stent for palliation of pancreatic cancer
Authors: D. Chaudhari, A. Saleem, R. Murthy, T. Baron, M. Young
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 56-year-old man with pancreatic cancer underwent palliative placement of a biliary self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) for obstructive jaundice after chemoradiation (nine cycles over 5 months). He presented with melena but denied abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, or hematemesis. Hemoglobin concentration was 6.5 g/dL and serum bilirubin 1.0 mg/dL (normal: 13.8 – 17.2 g/dL and < 1.9 mg/dL, respectively). Abdominal CT with intravenous contrast showed pneumobilia and mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastroduodenal area. After blood transfusion, an upper endoscopy was performed which showed that the duodenal bulb was extrinsically compressed and eroding medially through the duodenal wall with the covered biliary SEMS ([Fig. 1]) surrounded by a large circumferential ulcer ([Fig. 2]). No active bleeding was seen and no therapeutic intervention was performed. The patient continued to have melenic stools. Subsequent colonoscopy was unremarkable. Mesenteric angiography was performed in attempt to prophylactically embolize the gastroduodenal artery, but was technically unsuccessful because of a narrowed gastroduodenal artery which was not actively bleeding. The patient died from exsanguination later that day.
“Bystander” amplification of PBMC cytokine responses to seasonal allergen in polysensitized atopic children
Authors: A. Rudin, C. Macaubas, C. Wee, B. J. Holt, P. D. Slya, P. G. Holt
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Atopic children show increased expression and production of the Th2‐associated cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐9 from PBMCs after stimulation with allergen, but it has previously not been clearly determined whether the Th2‐cytokine production is restricted to the inhalant allergen the child is sensitized to, and whether perennial or seasonal allergens induce different cytokine responses. Our purpose was to determine whether in vitro Th2 cytokine production is specific to the sensitizing allergen, and to compare the cytokine responses to a perennial and a seasonal allergen in monosensitized and polysensitized children. Methods: Using semiquantitative RT‐PCR, we analyzed the expression of the cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐9, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ after stimulation of PBMCs with house‐dust‐mite (HDM) or ryegrass allergen. The cells were sampled from groups of 6‐year‐old children sensitized to either HDM ( n =20) or ryegrass ( n =24), or to both allergens ( n =20), as well as from a nonatopic group ( n =20). Results: After stimulation with HDM allergen, PBMCs from children sensitized only to HDM expressed increased mRNA levels of the Th2 cytokines, but not of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ, whereas ryegrass stimulation did not result in increased cytokine expression. PBMCs from children sensitized to HDM and ryegrass expressed increased Th2 cytokines after stimulation with either of the two allergens. In contrast, PBMCs from children sensitized only to ryegrass did not express increased levels after stimulation with either of the allergens. Conclusions: The expression of Th2 cytokines after in vitro stimulation of PBMCs from atopic children is specific to the sensitizing allergen, indicating that atopic status per se does not affect the type of T‐cell response. In addition, T cells specific to seasonal allergens circulate in the blood out of season only if the child is concomitantly sensitized to a perennial allergen.
Is Big Data the New Frontier for Academic-Industry Collaboration?
Authors: Sachin H. Jain, Michael Rosenblatt, Jon Duke
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Academic-industry research collaborations have long been a source of controversy in medicine. Advocates suggest that collaborations can focus academic researchers on important clinical and translational research problems and provide them with financial and capability-enhancing technical resources.1 Critics maintain that industry engagement distracts from, or distorts, the teaching and research missions of academia.2 Although regulatory and compliance frameworks have been established to govern these relationships, controversy continues to surround efforts to enhance industry and academia collaborations.
Night workload in one health district
Authors: D P M Archer
Journal: BMJ (1984)

SIR,-Dr P J Cook and others report that the dose of diazepam required for sedation is smaller in older patients.In fact the plasma diazepam concentration needed for sedation was reduced two to threefold between 20 and 80, and the difference was probably due to pharmacodynamic tolerance rather than to changes in diazepam absorption or disposition.Dr Cook and others suggest that the change in sedative response is due to postreceptor changes since previous studies have failed to show age related changes in benzodiazepine receptor density or sensitivity.1-3But we have shown that benzodiazepine receptor changes do occur with aging, although unevenly in the different brain areas.4In particular no changes were observed in the cortex, striatum, and cerebellum, but a 40% increase in the number of specific binding sites for diazepam was observed in the hippocampus of 26-28 month old rats in comparison with 3-4 month old ones.These results imply either an increase in the specific receptor proteins for benzodiazepines or the unmasking of spare receptors during aging.We hypothesise that the changes in the response to diazepam may be due to this increase in receptor availability in limbic areas.These results are in line with the clinical observations of D-Cook and others and support the concept of an age related increase in sensitivity to diazepam sedative properties based on receptor changes, although changes in the postreceptor mechanism of action may be important in those brain areas where benzodiazepine receptor density is unaffected by aging.That diazepam receptors are not equally affected throughout the brain indicates that findings on age related changes in a brain region do not allow extrapolation to other brain areas.Moreover, this age related imbalance in benzodiazepine receptors may alter not only the dose response relation but also the psychopharmacological profile of the drug when given to the elderly.
1136-90 Relation of the -174 G/C and -572 G/C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene to interleukin-6 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein serum levels and to the extent of infarction in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Atiye Cengel, Aycan F Erkan, Mehmet Ali Ergun, Derya Kan, Sevda Menevse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Reports show improvements in the health of US older people and children
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The health of adults in the US has improved substantially over the past few years, for older people as well as younger age groups, according to two new reports from the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Older Americans 2010: key indicators of well-being describes the overall health status of US citizens aged over 65 years. It consolidates reports from several government agencies.

During 2006-8 75% of people aged 65 years and older reported their health as “good,” “very good,” or “excellent.” This declined with age, with only 66% of people who were 85 or older reporting good or better health.

Life expectancies at the ages of both 65 and 85 had increased between 1900 to 2006. US citizens who live to 65 live another 18.5 …
Inhibition of plasma IL-6 in addition to maintenance of an efficacious trough level of infliximab associated with clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the RISING Study
Authors: Tsutomu Takeuchi, Nobuyuki Miyasaka, Yoshihiko Tatsuki, Toshiro Yano, Toru Yoshinari, Tohru Abe, Takao Koike
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Many clinical studies have reported the excellent clinical efficacy of infliximab (IFX), an antitumour necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 IFX is also reported to induce a rapid and marked reduction in circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, suggesting that its efficacy may result from the suppression of IL-6 as well as TNF.2,–,5 In the RISING Study (NCT00691028),6 7 we observed patients who showed no response to IFX therapy, despite maintaining a serum IFX level higher than the threshold level for clinical response. Here, we examined data on clinical response to better understand the mechanism of action of IFX.

In this study, patients with methotrexate-refractory RA treated with 3 mg/kg of IFX at weeks 0, 2 and 6 were randomly assigned to receive 3, 6 or 10 mg/kg of IFX every 8 weeks from week 14 to 46 in combination …
Who Cares for the Care Givers?
Authors: David U. Himmelstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the health insurance status of physicians, other health personnel, and insurance industry personnel. <h3>Design.</h3> —The study was based on data collected by the US Bureau of the Census in the March 1991 Current Population Survey for six groups of workers in health care occupations and three classifications of insurance employees. This survey included 6182 civilian health personnel and 1498 insurance workers under the age of 65 years. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of civilian health personnel under the age of 65 years, 9% (90% confidence interval [Cl], 8.2% to 9.8%) are uninsured, equivalent to 834 000 persons, including 15 000 (90% Cl, 5000 to 25 000) physicians. Among insurance workers, 5.1% (90% Cl, 3.9% to 6.2%) are uninsured. While 6% (90% Cl, 4.2% to 7.9%) of those working in physicians' offices are uninsured, 52.2% (90% Cl, 48.2% to 56.3%) receive no employer contribution toward their coverage. More than a fifth of nursing home employees lack insurance coverage, as do nearly a quarter of the 1.868 million health care workers with annual incomes less than $10 000. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Nearly a million health care and insurance workers are themselves uninsured and at high risk for being unable to obtain needed care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:399-401)
Erratum: Corrigendum: A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference
Authors: Douglas A Rubinson, Christopher P Dillon, Adam V Kwiatkowski, Claudia Sievers, Lili Yang, Johnny Kopinja, Mingdi Zhang, Michael T McManus, Frank B Gertler, Martin L Scott, Luk Van Parijs
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)