tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid-anchored and transmembrane versions of either decay-accelerating factor or membrane cofactor protein show equal efficiency in protection from complement-mediated cell damage.
Authors: D M Lublin, K E Coyne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that protects cells from complement-mediated damage by regulation of the C3 convertase. To investigate the role of the GPI anchor in the function of DAF, the cDNA encoding human DAF was expressed by transfection in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Testing of these DAF transfectants in an antibody plus human complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that DAF protects these cells from cytotoxicity, and that the level of protection increases with expression of surface DAF. A cDNA construct encoding a transmembrane version of DAF (DAF-TM) protects CHO transfectants from cytotoxicity with equal efficiency to DAF. This DAF-TM construct used the TM and cytoplasmic domains of membrane cofactor protein (MCP); an alternate TM version of DAF constructed with the TM and cytoplasmic domains of HLA-B44 showed equivalent protection. The protection from cytotoxicity involved a decrease in the deposition of C3 on the cell, consistent with the effect of DAF on the C3 convertase. A second pair of anchor variants, MCP and a GPI-anchored construct, MCP-PI, were also equivalent in their complement protection. The equivalent function of GPI-anchored and TM versions of a protein was not expected based on the hypothesized increased lateral mobility of GPI-anchored proteins, which should confer a functional advantage in contacting ligand, in this case, C3b or C4b, on the cell surface. These data suggest either that GPI-anchored and TM versions of a protein have equal lateral mobility in the membrane, or else that increased lateral mobility is not advantageous to DAF or MCP in carrying out their complement inhibitory roles. Furthermore, DAF and MCP demonstrated approximately equal protection of cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that DAF and MCP provide overlapping levels of protection to cells against damage mediated by the complement system.
TCT-798 Anatomical Effect on Left Atrial After Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Devices: Watchman and Amplatzer Cardiac Plug in a Canine Model
Authors: Dongming Hou, Saibal Kar, Russell M. Jones, Dennis Werner, Lynne Swanson, Brian Tischler, Barbara A. Huibregtse, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Adjunctive thrombolytic therapy during angioplasty for ischemic rest angina. Results of the TAUSA Trial. TAUSA Investigators. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Unstable Angina trial.
Authors: J A Ambrose, O D Almeida, S K Sharma, S R Torre, J D Marmur, D H Israel, D E Ratner, M B Weiss, C E Hjemdahl-Monsen, R K Myler
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Acute closure is increased after angioplasty in unstable angina, and adjunctive intracoronary thrombolytic therapy has been used successfully to increase angiographic success. The role of prophylactic thrombolytic therapy during angioplasty in unstable angina is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hundred sixty-nine patients with ischemic rest pain with or without a recent (&lt; 1 month) infarction were randomized in double-blind fashion to intracoronary urokinase or placebo. Randomization was carried out in two sequential phases. In phase I, 257 patients were randomized to 250,000 U of urokinase or placebo given in divided doses at the time of angioplasty. In phase II, 212 patients were randomized to 500,000 U of urokinase or placebo in divided doses. All patients were pretreated with aspirin, and activated clotting times were followed to maintain them at &gt; 300 seconds during angioplasty. Angiographic end points of thrombus after angioplasty were insignificantly decreased by urokinase (30 [13.8%] versus 41 [18.0%] with placebo; P = NS). Acute closure, on the other hand, was increased with urokinase (23 [10.2%] versus 10 [4.3%] with placebo; P &lt; .02). The difference in acute closure between urokinase and placebo was more striking at the higher dose of urokinase (P &lt; .04) than in phase I at the lower urokinase dose (P = NS). Adverse in-hospital clinical end points (ischemia, infarction, or emergency coronary artery bypass surgery) were also increased with urokinase versus placebo (30 [12.9%] versus 15 [6.3%], respectively; P &lt; .02). Angiographic and clinical end points were worse with urokinase in unstable angina without recent infarction than with angioplasty after a recent infarction. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive urokinase given prophylactically during angioplasty for ischemic rest angina as administered in this trial is associated with adverse angiographic and clinical events. These detrimental effects may be related to hemorrhagic dissection, lack of intimal sealing, or procoagulant or platelet-activating effects of urokinase.
Queer Liberation, Not Elimination: Why Selecting Against Intersex is Not “Straight” Forward
Authors: Jason Behrmann, Vardit Ravitsky
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes That is, the misconception that biological sex always/exclusively defines gender identity and sexual orientation; for example, biological males are presumed to be masculine and attracted to women. For example, heterosexual-transvestite-male, bisexual transgender male, intersex feminine lesbian, gay effeminate male, and so on.
The Immunochemistry of Cancer
Authors: C. A. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The title of this book implies that the immunology of cancer has yielded information as to the chemical nature of one or more specific tumor antigens. The text, however, consists primarily of a brief and often-uncritical review of selections from the literature of cancer serology. Fibrin is listed as a "cancer-distinctive" substance, which it surely is not. A recently discovered mouse leukemia antigen is also described as a "cancer-distinctive antigen," whereas it is in fact an isoantigen commonly found in the thymus of normal mice. Much of the most exciting and significant current work in the immunology of cancer, in which the immunity appears to be mediated by cell-associated rather than humoral factors, is unaccountably omitted. The need for a book giving a comprehensive and critical treatment of the general subject of tumor antigens and tumor immunity has not been filled by the publication of this one.
A prospective evaluation of antituberculosis therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Authors: B E Jones, M Otaya, D Antoniskis, S Sian, F Wang, A Mercado, P T Davidson, P F Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of a standard antituberculosis regimen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We prospectively evaluated 89 patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection at an urban medical center. Eighty-two patients received isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide, with or without ethambutol, for 2 mo, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 7 mo. Seven patients received other regimens because of drug resistance or intolerance. Therapy was self-administered in 57 patients and directly observed in 32 cases. All patients showed rapid clinical improvement during the first month of therapy, and sputum cultures reverted to negative after 3 mo in 52 of 54 patients from whom specimens were obtained. Adverse reactions to isoniazid or rifampin prompted alterations in antituberculosis regimens in five patients (6%). Forty patients (45%) died during follow-up, and tuberculosis was a potential contributory cause of death in three cases. Treatment failure occurred in five patients (6%), four of whom were noncompliant with therapy. The fifty patient had an isoniazid-resistant organism. No relapses occurred in 916 patient-months of follow-up posttreatment. We thus conclude that the 9-mo regimen used for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients is effective and well tolerated.
Abstract 2399: Syntenin-1 promotes cell invasion though regulating Slug-dependent epithelial-mensenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lu-Kai Wang, Yuh-Ling Chen, Tse-Ming Hong, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Slug, a transcriptional repressor, is involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during development and can promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Through Yeast-two hybrid screening, we found that syntenin-1, a tandem PDZ protein, can associate with Slug. Syntenin-1 is known to involve in many biological functions such as protein traffics and cytoskeleton remodeling. Recently, it has been found that overexpression of syntenin-1 may promote cancer cell invasion by altering defined biochemical and signaling pathways, including c-Src/ focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and NF-kappaB. Conversely, knock-down the expression of syntenin-1 can also increase cell aggregation. All these findings indicate that syntenin-1 may play an important role in cell adhesion and movement. Whether syntenin-1 is involved in the process of EMT should be further clarified. In this study, we showed that syntenin-1 could enhance Slug-dependent cell invasion and regulate the EMT in lung cancer cells. Syntenin-1 can interact with Slug through its PDZ-1 domain and increase their nuclear localization in cells. Overexpression of syntenin-1 increases Slug-induced cell migration and invasion though regulating the repression activity of Slug. Knock down the expression of syntenin-1 may also inhibit the repression activity of Slug on promoter of E-cadherin in highly invasive lung cancer cell lines. In Sum, Syntenin-1 may promote cell Invasion though regulating Slug-dependent EMT process in Non-small cell lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2399. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2399
Physicians' Attitudes Toward Venereal Disease Reporting
Authors: Roy L. Cleere
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Six public health departments in the United States contracted with the National Opinion Research Center in Chicago to conduct a study concerning the attitudes of 6,000 physicians toward reporting ten medical conditions. Attitudes toward reporting two of the ten conditions, syphilis and gonorrhea, were analyzed to determine why physicians do not report and who among them are the most guilty. The results of the survey indicate there are not two kinds of physicians: those who faithfully report each veneral disease case they treat and those who consistently fail to report. Though there are some physicians in each of these categories, the majority exercise their professional judgment in each case and, on the basis of a multiplicity of factors, decide to report some patients and not to report others.
Histodiagnosis and Clinical Correlation of Rheumatoid and Other Synovitis
Authors: D. L. Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

This soft-backed section of Home Management is remarkably good value for £3-00.The layout remains the same as in previous editions, and both the pictures and the text are clear and well laid out.The only illustration I found difficult was that of international textile care labelling, which was so small that those with poor eyesight would have difficulty in reading it.This series of booklets should be in every rheumatology department.Physicians would not be wasting their time if they read the general introduction to each section when looking up a particular problem.The series is a mine of practical and useful information.
Points from Letters: Self-expulsion of a Nasal Polyp
Authors: J. M. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Sugar Consumption and Acne SIR,-I was interested in the study by Dr. D. G. G. Bett and others (15 July, p. 153) in which they found raised sugar consumption in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis but not in those with acne.In a study of 2,720 soldiers it was estab- lished that there is no correlation between the incidence or severity of acne and dandruff.'There was also no correlation between acne and obesity in men under 20 years old--the age group studied by Bett et al.However, in older men (age 20-40) there was a signifi- cant correlation between acne and obesity.It appears, therefore, that perhaps Bett et al. should extend their study to see if there is raised sugar intake in this older group before it can be settled that sugar intake in acne is not raised.-Iam, etc.,
Anatomical Changes in Normal Sacro-Iliac Joints during Childhood and Comparison with the Changes in Still's Disease
Authors: M. E. Carter, G. Loewi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

In the preceding paper (Carter, 1962) the incidence and clinical associations of radiological sacro-iliitis in Still's disease are described.Since the inter- pretation of these radiological changes in juveniles is difficult, we have correlated them with the ana- tomical structure of juvenile joints using pelves obtained post mortem from nine patients of varying ages without joint disease, together with two specimens from patients suffering from juvenile rheuma- toid arthritis.Method Part of the pelvis was removed post mortem by sawing through the spine at the level of L3, and through the two ilia about 3 in.lateral to the sacro-iliac joints.thus allowing the removal of the whole sacrum, sacro-iliac oints, and part of the ilia.These specimens were placed in clamps on the x-ray table corresponding to the normal supine position in vivo, and antero-posterior films were taken.They were then tomographed in a series of 1-cm.cuts starting anteriorly.After fixing in formol-saline and freezing in a solid C02-ethanol mixture, the sacrum was sawn sagittally through the centre.Each sacro-iliac joint was then cut into coronal slices from the anterior to the posterior surface in thicknesses of 1 cm. to correspond approximately with the tomograph cuts; these slices were x-rayed and photographed.The joint slices were decalcified, and selected portions of joint were double-embedded in celloidin and paraffin wax (Peterfi's method).Sections were cut at 5,u and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. MaterialNine pelves were obtained for comparison with those of the two patients with Still's disease, of the following ages: stillborn, 24 years, 34 years, 7 years, 9 years (Still's disease), 12 years, 17 years (two), 18 years, 20 years (Still's disease), and 21 years.With the exception of the two cases of Still's disease, none of these subjects had suffered from chronic joint disease.* This article is based on a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University of London, since when addi- tional material has been collected with the collaboration of Dr. G. Loewi.Case 1, male (new-born).-Thearticular cartilage in this specimen shows no special orientation of chondro- cytes, and the sacral and iliac cartilage are similar, both smooth-edged and intact at the surface.Fig. 1 a-d, (overleaf) shows the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the left sacro-iliac joint.Case 2, male (24 years), acute leukaemia.-Thedeeper 121
Apparent correlation between structure and carcinogenicity of phenylenediamines and related compounds.
Authors: H A Milman, C Peterson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The carcinogenicity of 23 phenylenediamines and related compounds was reviewed. An extensive analysis of the methods used indicated that the bioassays were conducted well. The data suggest that the carcinogenicity of 4-substituted 1,3-phenylenediamines is reduced substantially or eliminated completely by oxidation of one or both amine groups or by N-substitution. Oxidation of a methyl substituent on nitroaniline to a carboxyl group eliminated all carcinogenic activity. It required dichlorination to make ring-substtuted 1,4-phenylenediamine carcinogenic whereas only one chlorine atom was needed to make 1,2- and 1,3-phenylenediamine carcinogenic. While the available data suggest that as a class, 4-substituted 1,3-phenylenediamines are carcinogenic more often than ring-substituted 1,4-phenylenediamines, the type of added substituent and its position on the benzene ring also are important in exerting carcinogenic activity.
Left Lobe Hypertrophy After Right Hepatic Lobectomy: ???Situs Inversus??? and Liver-Spleen ???Double Image???
Authors: KOLLI SURESH, RICHARD P. SPENCER, HAROLD MOSKOWITZ, SAVITA PURI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

SURESH, KOLLI M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D.; MOSKOWITZ, HAROLD M.D.; PURI, SAVITA M.D. Author Information
Choosing an Antibiotic for Skin Infections
Authors: Michael R Wessels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Since the mid-1990s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the predominant pathogen responsible for suppurative skin infections (i.e., furuncles, carbuncles, and skin abscesses) in the United States and in many other countries. Emergency department visits for skin abscesses have increased during this period, as MRSA has become endemic in the community, but a similar increase in visits for cellulitis (i.e., infectious inflammation of the skin without a drainable collection of pus) has not occurred.1,2 The microbiologic characteristics of cellulitis are less well defined because material for culture is not readily available. Although S. aureus is the organism most frequently . . .
Cardowan coal mine explosion: experience of a mass burns incident.
Authors: C Allister, G M Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A coal mine explosion 1700 feet (516 m) underground and two miles (3.2 km) from the pit head resulted in 40 casualties. Two hours elapsed between the explosion and the arrival of patients at hospital. Six patients suffered mechanical injuries, only one of which was life threatening. Thirty six suffered burns; in 18 over 15% of the total body surface area was affected. Nineteen patients had a mild respiratory upset requiring oxygen treatment. The average length of inpatient stay in those admitted was 24 days. Early assessment and treatment in the accident and emergency department was relatively simple because of the large proportion of burn injuries. Lack of communication between site and hospital made administration of the disaster difficult.
HIV-1 envelope-dependent restriction of CXCR4-using viruses in child but not adult untransformed CD4+ T-lymphocyte lines
Authors: Samanta A. Mariani, Immacolata Brigida, Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski, Silvia Ghezzi, Alessia Rocchi, Anna Plebani, Elisa Vicenzi, Alessandro Aiuti, Guido Poli
Journal: Blood (2012)
Book Review Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine: A Practical Guide Edited by James Ryan, Peter F. Mahoney, Ian Greaves, and Gavin Bowyer. 409 pp., illustrated. London, Springer, 2002. $129 (cloth); $49.95 (paper). 1-85233-347-2 (cloth); 1-85233-348-0 (paper).
Authors: Rebecca S. Newton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
ASYMPTOMATIC LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN A HIGH-RISK POPULATION ENROLLED IN A PRIMARY CARE SETTING: PREVALENCE AND SCREENING VALUE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES: THE DAVID-BERG STUDY
Authors: Michele Senni, Attilio Iacovoni, Mauro Gori, Aurelia Grosu, Paola Ferrari, Silvia Guideri, Alessandra Fontana, Alessandro Filippi, RAffaella Rutili, Luigi Donzelli, Massimo Parolini, Renata De Maria, Paolo Ferrazzi, Antonello Gavazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; Level Is Associated with Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Anne-Mette Hvas, Svend Juul, Per Bech, Ebba Nexø
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; A low level of vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; might theoretically cause depression as vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; is a cofactor in the tryptophan-serotonin pathway. In the present study, we examined the association between depression and the phosphate derivative of vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; in plasma, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In 140 individuals, symptoms of depression were evaluated by the Major Depression Inventory, and biochemical markers of vitamin B deficiency were measured. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; We found that 18 (13%) individuals were depressed. A low plasma level of PLP was significantly associated with the depression score (p = 0.002). No significant association was found between depression and plasma vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; (p = 0.13), plasma methylmalonic acid (p = 0.67), erythrocyte folate (p = 0.77), and plasma total homocysteine (p = 0.16). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Our study suggests that a low level of plasma PLP is associated with symptoms of depression. Randomized trials are now justified and needed in order to examine whether treatment with vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; may improve symptoms of depression.
The Association of Pipe and Cigar Use With Cotinine Levels, Lung Function, and Airflow Obstruction
Authors: Josanna Rodriguez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but studies on the contribution of other smoking techniques are sparse. Objective: To determine whether pipe and cigar smoking was associated with elevated cotinine levels, decrements in lung function, and increased odds of airflow obstruction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Population-based sample from 6 U.S. communities. Participants: Men and women aged 48 to 90 years without clinical cardiovascular disease at enrollment who were part of MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Measurements: The MESA Lung Study measured spirometry according to American Thoracic Society guidelines and urine cotinine levels by immunoassay on a subsample of MESA. Pipe-years and cigar-years were calculated as years from self-reported age of starting to age of quitting (or to current age in current users) multiplied by pipe-bowls or cigars per day. Results: Of 3528 participants, 9% reported pipe smoking (median, 15 pipe-years), 11% reported cigar smoking (median, 6 cigar-years), and 52% reported cigarette smoking (median, 18 pack-years). Self-reported current pipe and cigar smokers had elevated urine cotinine levels compared with never-smokers. Pipe-years were associated with decrements in FEV1, and cigar-years were associated with decrements in the FEV1–FVC ratio. Participants who smoked pipes or cigars had increased odds of airflow obstruction whether they had also smoked cigarettes (odds ratio, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.75 to 6.71]; P < 0.001) or not (odds ratio, 2.31 [CI, 1.04 to 5.11]; P = 0.039) compared with participants with no smoking history. Limitation: Cross-sectional design. Conclusion: Pipe and cigar smoking increased urine cotinine levels and was associated with decreased lung function and increased odds of airflow obstruction, even in participants who had never smoked cigarettes. Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.