tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with serum levels of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin among premenopausal Japanese women.
Authors: C Nagata, N Kaneda, M Kabuto, H Shimizu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

We measured serum levels of estradiol (E(2)) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) among 50 healthy premenopausal Japanese women in 1994 in Gifu, Japan, to investigate the relationships between potential risk factors for breast cancer and hormone levels. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we collected data on body size, physical activity, and previous disease history, as well as menstrual and reproductive histories of the woman and her mother. Blood samples were drawn from each subject on the 11th and 22nd days of her menstrual cycle. Higher serum E(2) levels were observed for women with shorter menstrual cycles. Age as well as cycle length were included in the regression models to determine the associations between hormone levels and study variables. Body mass index (BMI) was inversely related to SHBG level measured at the 11th day of the cycle, after adjusting for age and cycle length (r = -0.33; p = 0. 03). Women born in spring/summer had higher levels of E(2) on the 22nd day (p = 0.07) and higher levels of SHBG on both the 11th and 22nd days of the cycle (p = 0.01 and p = 0.06, respectively) than those born in other seasons. Physical activity at 13-15 years of age was inversely related to E(2) level on the 11th day of the cycle after controlling for age, cycle length, BMI, and birth month (r = -0.35; p = 0.04).
Morphine-augmented Cholescintigraphy in Acute Cholecystitis A Satisfactory Alternative to Delayed Imaging
Authors: AARON M. KISTLER, HARVEY A. ZIESSMAN, DENISE GOOCH, PINCAS BITTERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The utility of morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy was reviewed in 32 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. All patients were administered 2 mg morphine sulfate intravenously when the gallbladder failed to visualize 30 minutes into the study, and imaging continued for up to 60 minutes. Sensitivity for detection of acute cholecystitis was 93% (13 out of 14). Specificity was 78% (14 out of 18). Three of four false-positives occurred in the setting of prolonged fasting and chronic cholecystitis. Cumulative experience suggests that the technique is diagnostically equivalent to imaging for up to 4 hours and that specificity remains incomplete in the setting of prolonged fasting, chronic cholecystitis and other conditions known to affect conventional cholescintigraphy.
Silicon-containing particles in synovial fluid: scanning electron microscopy coupled with analytical techniques allows an easy identification and differentiation from pathologically relevant crystals.
Authors: G Faure, P Netter, M C Bene
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Silicon-containing particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in synovial fluid samples from patients with crystal-induced or inflammatory synovitis, or both. This material was an artefact produced by the technical procedures, but these particles could be easily differentiated from naturally occurring compounds by their morphology and their composition determined by analytical spectrometry.
P68 A study to investigate the clinical use and outcomes of EZPAP positive pressure device
Authors: S. Elliott
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The EZPAP is a positive pressure hand held device that amplifies an input flow of either air or oxygen approximately four times and so positive pressure is maintained throughout the patients breathing cycle. This augmentation provides a larger flow and volume with less effort than an unsupported inspiration and PEP is provided on expiration. Studies have shown that it is easier to tolerate than Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) and has greater effect in reversing atelectasis than incentive spirometry. Thus, can be used within physiotherapy to increase lung volume, clear secretions and improve gaseous exchange. <h3>Objectives</h3> To measure clinical outcomes of the EZPAP in relation to increasing lung volume, sputum clearance and gaseous exchange. <h3>Method</h3> Data were collected from 20 patients identified as suitable for EZPAP interventions and physiological observations pretreatment and posttreatment were recorded, additionally physiotherapists and patients were asked to comment on the treatment session. <h3>Results</h3> Patients who demonstrated decreased lung volume showed an 82% increase of air entry on auscultation and a 72% increase in thoracic expansion, whereas audible crepitations on auscultation reduced by 45% and 12% of patients demonstrated a more effective cough to clear secretions. With respect to gas exchange, there was a 33% increase in SaO2 and 12% of patients were weaned from oxygen post intervention. Additionally, this study yielded results to suggest that EZPAP also reduces the work of breathing with a mean decrease of respiratory rate of 3.5 breaths per minute. Both physiotherapists and patients found the device easy to use with a high level of compliance. Improvements in the patients were also rapid with an average of three sessions across 1.2 days. <h3>Conclusions</h3> It can be concluded from this study that the EZPAP positive pressure device is an extremely versatile tool for the physiotherapist at a district general hospital in the management of all respiratory problems with a high level of patient compliance, ease of use and rapid clinical improvements. <h3>Recommendations</h3> Further randomised control trials need to be undertaken utilising radiological examination and arterial blood gas sampling to avoid bias in physiological observation measurement.
Cholesterosis—Membrane Cholesterol: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Richard Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1985)

One of the less well-known areas of US-Soviet competition has been over who had first claims to discoveries in atherosclerosis. It now seems settled that the Russians first recognized the role of dietary fat in producing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and offered the first description of angina as a sign of the disease—all this around 1910. It was again the Russians, who, in the early 1920s, demonstrated higher levels of serum cholesterol in survivors of myocardial infarction. These contributions include most of the essential pieces of information about this disease that were accumulated in the first third of this century. But where have the Soviets been since then? This book provides impressive evidence that contemporary research in atherosclerosis is again proceeding on a high level in the Soviet Union, at least within the confines of the Second Medical Institute in Moscow. As with all such monographs, only a reader with an
Hickman Catheters in Leukemic Patients
Authors: Edward W. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The prospective study of Hickman catheters in leukemic patients by Abrahm and Mullen (1982;248:2868) further confirms the utility and relative safety of these catheters in severely immunosuppressed patients. I offer two observations from my experience regarding insertion techniques and the long-term maintenance of these catheters, especially through periods of bacteremia. It has now been well established by many centers, including my own,<sup>1</sup>that percutaneous placement is the preferred method of insertion rather than the older cephalic vein cutdown techniques used by Abrahm and Mullen. Percutaneous insertion has advantages in flexibility, speed, and patient comfort without adding substantially to mechanical or infectious complications, even in the population considered. Platelet transfusion criteria are similar to those suggested by Abrahm and Mullen, and open incision and venotomy are avoided, thereby theoretically lessening the chance of infection in immunocompromised patients. When dealing with episodes of bacteremia, I have also maintained catheters
Estrogen treatment improves arterial distensibility, fibrinolysis, and metabolic profile in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Claudia Sztejnsznajd, Maria Elizabeth Rossi da Silva, Amit Nussbacher, Otavio Eluf Gebara, Elbio Antônio D'Ámico, Dalva Marriero Rocha, Tania Rubia Flores da Rocha, Rosa Ferreira dos Santos, Maurício Wajngarten, Rosa Tesumechiro Fukui, Márcia Regina Soares Correia, Bernardo Leo Wajchenberg, Mileni Josefina Maria Ursich
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Associations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure: findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study
Authors: Colette E. Jackson, Michael R. MacDonald, Mark C. Petrie, Scott D. Solomon, Bertram Pitt, Roberto Latini, Aldo P. Maggioni, Beverly A. Smith, Margaret F. Prescott, Jim Lewsey, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Effect of Fat-Free Diet on Insulin Requirements in Type I Diabetes Controlled With Artificial β-Cell
Authors: Fredrick L Dunn, Patricia B Carroll
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

We investigated the effect of eliminating calories derived from fat sources on postprandial and basal insulin requirements in five patients with type I (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus. The patients were studied on a metabolic ward on two solid-food diets with similar quantities of carbohydrate and protein with or without the addition of fat. Diet A was isocaloric (weight maintenance) with calories distributed as 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 40% fat. Diet B contained the same carbohydrate and protein content as diet A but was virtually fat free and therefore hypocaloric (1233 ± 106 vs. 1830 ± 99 cal, mean ± SE). The diets were given as five equal meals each day on consecutive days. Insulin requirements and blood glucose measurements were determined by use of the artificial p-cell. During the study, mean (± SE) preprandial blood glucose levels were maintained at 85 ± 11 mg/dl, and peak postprandial blood glucose levels were &amp;lt;180 mg/dl. The elimination of fat calories had no effect on total (68.9 ± 10.3 vs. 69.3 ± 4.9 U /day), postprandial (9.8 ± 3.8 vs. 10.3 ± 3.7 U/meal), or basal (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2 U/h) insulin requirements. Thus, despite a hypocaloric diet, no change in insulin requirements was noted when fat-derived calories were deleted from the diet. We conclude that fat-derived calories do not alter short-term basal or postprandial insulin requirements in type I diabetes.
Validity of Self-Report in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects for Laser Treatment of Retinopathy
Authors: Michael A. Grassi, Wanjie Sun, Sapna Gangaputra, Patricia A. Cleary, Larry Hubbard, John M. Lachin, Xiaoyu Gao, Szilárd Kiss, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Arghavan Almony, Matthew Davis, Ronald Klein, Ronald P. Danis
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Impact of Abcc2 (Mrp2) and Abcc3 (Mrp3) on the <i>In vivo</i> Elimination of Methotrexate and its Main Toxic Metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate
Authors: Maria L.H. Vlaming, Zeliha Pala, Anita van Esch, Els Wagenaar, Olaf van Tellingen, Dirk R. de Waart, Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink, Koen van de Wetering, Alfred H. Schinkel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 [ABCC2; multidrug resistance–associated protein 2 (MRP2)] and ABCC3 (MRP3) mediate the elimination of toxic compounds, such as drugs and carcinogens, and have a large overlap in substrate specificity. We investigated the roles of Abcc2 and Abcc3 in the elimination of the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) and its toxic metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7OH-MTX) in vivo. Experimental Design: Abcc2;Abcc3 −/− mice were generated, characterized, and used to investigate possibly overlapping or complementary roles of Abcc2 and Abcc3 in the elimination of MTX and 7OH-MTX after i.v. administration of 50 mg/kg MTX. Results: Abcc2;Abcc3 −/− mice were viable and fertile. In Abcc2−/− mice, the plasma area under the curve (AUCi.v.) for MTX was 2.0-fold increased compared with wild type, leading to 1.6-fold increased urinary excretion, which was not seen in Abcc2;Abcc3−/− mice. Biliary excretion of MTX was 3.7-fold reduced in Abcc2−/− but unchanged in Abcc2;Abcc3−/− mice. The plasma AUCi.v.s of 7OH-MTX were 6.0-fold and 4.3-fold increased in Abcc2−/− and Abcc2;Abcc3−/− mice, respectively, leading to increased urinary excretion. The biliary excretion of 7OH-MTX was 5.8-fold reduced in Abcc2−/− but unchanged in Abcc2;Abcc3−/− mice. 7OH-MTX accumulated substantially in the liver of Abcc2−/− and especially Abcc2;Abcc3−/− mice. Conclusions: Abcc2 is important for (biliary) excretion of MTX and its toxic metabolite 7OH-MTX. When Abcc2 is absent, Abcc3 transports MTX and 7OH-MTX back from the liver into the circulation, leading to increased plasma levels and urinary excretion. Variation in ABCC2 and/or ABCC3 activity may therefore have profound effects on the elimination and severity of toxicity of MTX and 7OH-MTX after MTX treatment of patients.
Quality-of-Life Evaluation in a Clinical Trial of Zidovudine Therapy in Patients with Mildly Symptomatic HIV Infection
Authors: Richard D. Gelber, William R. Lenderking, Deborah J. Cotton, Bernard F. Cole, Margaret A. Fischl, Aron Goldhirsch, Marcia A. Testa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of zidovudine therapy in patients with mildly symptomatic HIV infection using Q-TWiST (quality-adjusted: Time Without Symptoms and Toxicity). Design: Analysis of a previously reported multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: Thirty-two AIDS Clinical Trial units. Patients: A total of 351 patients with mildly symptomatic HIV infection were assigned to placebo, and 360 patients were assigned to zidovudine, 1200 mg/d. Measurements: A modified Q-TWiST method for comparing treatments based on time spent without severe symptomatic adverse events and without disease progression. Zidovudine and placebo were compared in a threshold utility analysis considering reduction in quality of life associated with adverse events and disease progression. Adverse events defined by laboratory findings were distinguished from findings representing symptomatic events. Results: The incidence of severe symptomatic adverse events was 22.8% for the zidovudine group and 15.1% for the placebo group (P = 0.01), but, as previously reported, zidovudine improved progression-free survival relative to placebo (at 18 months, 91% compared with 81%; P = 0.001). In an 18-month period, patients receiving zidovudine went an average of 14.5 months without disease progression or a severe symptomatic adverse event compared with 14.7 months for placebo. The zidovudine group gained 0.9 months without disease progression but lost 1.1 months due to adverse events. Within the 18-month observation period, treatment provided more Q-TWiST than placebo if the quality of life after HIV disease progression was assumed to be 10% to 20% worse than the quality of life after a severe symptomatic adverse event. Conclusions: The Q-TWiST analysis projects that quality-of-life reductions due to severe symptomatic adverse events might be balanced by the quality-of-life benefits of delayed HIV disease progression for patients who receive zidovudine for mildly symptomatic HIV infection. At currently recommended doses (500 to 600 mg/d, half the dose used in this study) zidovudine therapy is likely to yield a more favorable result.
Vascular Gene Transfer of Phosphomimetic Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (S1177D) Using Ultrasound-Enhanced Destruction of Plasmid-Loaded Microbubbles Improves Vasoreactivity
Authors: Claudius Teupe, Sergio Richter, Beate Fisslthaler, Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy, Christian Ihling, Ingrid Fleming, Rudi Busse, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Local gene therapy has enormous potential for the treatment of vascular disease. We determined whether diagnostic ultrasound-mediated destruction of plasmid-loaded albumin microbubbles is a feasible and efficient technique for local vascular gene delivery. For gene transfer, we used a phosphomimetic, active endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) construct in which Ser1177 was replaced by aspartic acid (S1177D) and exhibits a 2-fold higher basal activity than the wild-type enzyme.Gas-filled microbubbles (3.0 +/- 1.2 microm) were created by sonication of 5% human albumin in the presence of plasmid DNA encoding for LacZ or eNOS S1177D. Porcine coronary arteries were perfused with DNA-loaded albumin microbubbles in vitro, exposed to diagnostic ultrasound (5 seconds), and incubated for a further 24 hours. Detection of the beta-galactosidase in LacZ-transfected vessels revealed a predominant staining of endothelial cells without any functional impairment of vasoreactivity. Western blotting demonstrated the expression of the eNOS S1177D construct in extracts from the transfected segments. Vascular responsiveness was tested with prostaglandin F(2alpha) and the NOS inhibitor N(omega)nitro-L-arginine. Compared with segments treated with the expression plasmid alone, the contractile response to prostaglandin F(2alpha) was impaired in segments transfected with eNOS S1177D, whereas the contractile response to the administration of N(omega)nitro-L-arginine was markedly enhanced.Ultrasound-mediated destruction of eNOS S1177D DNA-loaded albumin microbubbles is a feasible and efficient method for vascular gene transfection. Transfection resulted in significant protein expression and enhanced NO-mediated relaxation of bradykinin-stimulated porcine coronary arteries.
Evaluation of potential health effects associated with serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels.
Authors: P A Stehr-Green, E Welty, G Steele, K Steinberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

In late 1983, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to evaluate persons at risk of exposure to three chemical waste sites by comparing clinical disease end points and clinical chemistry parameters with serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels. A total of 106 individuals participated in the study. The only statistically significant finding in regard to self-reported, physician-diagnosed health problems was a dose-response relationship between serum PCB levels and the occurrence of high blood pressure; however, this association failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.08) when we controlled for possible confounding effects of both age and smoking. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also higher in the group with elevated serum PCBs; additionally, there were isolated statistically significant correlations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) with serum lipid fraction-adjusted PCB level (r = -0.21) and serum albumin (r = -0.24) and total bilirubin (r = 0.30) with serum PCB level. Although the ranges of serum levels reported herein from exposures to PCBs in the general environment are lower than those that have been associated with acute symptoms or illness in other studies, whether these levels are associated with long-term health risks is not known. Associations of such chronic, low-dose exposures with observable health effects as suggested by this study must be evaluated further before any final conclusions can be drawn.
Premature Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yu Asanuma, Annette Oeser, Ayumi K. Shintani, Elizabeth Turner, Nancy Olsen, Sergio Fazio, MacRae F. Linton, Paolo Raggi, C. Michael Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Premature coronary artery disease is a major cause of illness and death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but little is known about the prevalence, extent, and causes of coronary-artery atherosclerosis.We used electron-beam computed tomography to screen for the presence of coronary-artery calcification in 65 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean [+/-SD] age, 40.3+/-11.6 years) and 69 control subjects (mean age, 42.7+/-12.6 years) with no history of coronary artery disease. When calcification was detected, the extent was measured by means of the Agatston score. The frequency of risk factors for coronary artery disease was compared in patients and controls, and the relation between the patients' clinical characteristics and the presence or absence of coronary-artery calcification was examined.The two groups were similar with respect to age, race, and sex. Coronary-artery calcification was more frequent in patients with lupus (20 of 65 patients) than in control subjects (6 of 69 subjects) (P=0.002). The mean calcification score was 68.9+/-244.2 in the patients and 8.8+/-41.8 (P<0.001) in controls. Levels of total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not elevated in patients with lupus, but levels of triglycerides (P=0.02) and homocysteine (P<0.001) were. Among patients with lupus, measures of disease activity were similar in those with and those without coronary-artery calcification, but those with calcification were more likely to be older (P<0.001) and male (P=0.008).In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the prevalence of coronary-artery atherosclerosis is elevated and the age at onset is reduced. Early detection of atherosclerosis may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Low dose thiazide diuretic Is not available for prescribing
Authors: A Fraser, D J Webb, N Poulter, P Sever, L Chang, P M Bell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

are referred to local plastic surgeons who are fully trained and equipped to deal with this type of problem.The type of excision required usually necessitates large areas of skin grafting.Wounds of this size are regularly dealt with by bums and plastic surgery nurses; if small numbers are treated in peripheral district general hospitals the nursing skill required is usually not available.Early referral of these patients is essential for both their survival and their continuing care.
Haemorrhagic Thrombocythaemia Treated with Radioactive Phosphorus
Authors: J. C. Woodrow, S. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Haemorrhagic Thrombocythaemia Treated with Radioactive PhosphorusIn recent years a few scattered reports have appeared of a rare type of haemorrhagic disease first defined by Epstein and Goedel (1934) under the broadly descriptive name of "haemorrhagic thrombocythaemia."Fuller criteria for the diagnosis were laid down by Reid (1940)-namely, " a tendency to haemorrhage and thrombosis associated with arteriosclerosis, great increase in the number of circulating blood platelets, moderate leucocytosis, polychromasia, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis with or without anaemia, and a great increase in the number of megakaryocytes in the marrow."The following case would appear to fit into this group and is, so far as we can ascertain, the first to be treated with radioactive phosphorus.
International Myeloma Working Group molecular classification of multiple myeloma: spotlight review
Authors: R Fonseca, P L Bergsagel, J Drach, J Shaughnessy, N Gutierrez, A K Stewart, G Morgan, B Van Ness, M Chesi, S Minvielle, A Neri, B Barlogie, W M Kuehl, P Liebisch, F Davies, S Chen-Kiang, B G M Durie, R Carrasco, Orhan Sezer, Tony Reiman, Linda Pilarski, H Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Leukemia (2009)