tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S93 Is Bcl-2 important in small cell lung cancer?
Authors: M. H. Lawson, D. M. Rassl, S. L. Vowler, N. M. Cummings, W. J. Howat, G. Murphy, R. C. Rintoul
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein that has previously been associated with increased cell survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) <i>in vitro</i>. However, several immunohistochemical studies of Bcl-2 expression and survival using patient samples have produced conflicting results. We aimed to determine if Bcl-2 expression has prognostic relevance in SCLC using a unique dedicated SCLC tissue microarray (TMA). <h3>Methods</h3> The TMA was constructed using formal in fixed, paraffin embedded diagnostic biopsy samples (endobronchial biopsies, TBNA, CT-guided needle biopsies) from 203 patients diagnosed at Papworth Hospital (Cambridge, UK) between 1998 and 2005. 189 cases had cores of tissue on the completed TMA. There was some attrition due to the small size of individual biopsies. The TMA was stained for Bcl-2 using a standard antibody (DAKO clone 124) and the slides were scored by two readers for both extent and intensity of tumour cell staining. Data from the TMA were then correlated with clinical data. The results obtained were combined with those of previous studies in a meta-analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 140 cases had tumour tissue on the TMA that could be evaluated for Bcl-2 staining. Patients with low intensity staining had better overall survival than those with high intensity staining in a Cox regression analysis (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.94, p=0.03, n=117). The meta-analysis included 510 deaths in 673 cases and showed no significant effect of Bcl-2 on survival (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.09). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study equals the largest published study of Bcl-2 expression in SCLC. Our data showed improved survival in SCLC patients with lower Bcl-2 expression, consistent with <i>in vitro</i> data and the rationale behind current on-going trials of Bcl-2 antagonists in SCLC. However, our meta-analysis showed no overall effect and this may be due to differences in staining and scoring methods between the studies.
Prophylactic Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices in High-Risk Cirrhotic Patients Selected by Endoscopic and Hemodynamic Criteria: a Randomized, Single-Center Controlled Trial
Authors: K.-J. Paquet, J.-F. Kalk, C.-P. Klein, H. A. Gad
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Controlled trials of sclerotherapy for the prevention of the first variceal hemorrhage in cirrhotics have given conflicting results, in spite of an initial positive controlled trial. We designed therefore a new study in which only 89 of 396 investigated patients were randomized to sclerotherapy (44 patients) or a control group (45 patients). The admission criteria were: no history of variceal bleeding, the presence of high risk varices, i.e., varices of degrees III and IV with minivarices on the surface of them, and portal pressure over 16 mmHg. Sclerotherapy sessions were performed at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, until the varices were reduced in size and completely covered by fibrous tissue. Follow-up endoscopy was performed at four-month and thereafter at six-month intervals. The control patients underwent repeated clinical investigation and endoscopy at six-month intervals. Bleeding episodes were treated by emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy in both groups, whenever possible. The mean follow-up was 33 months. The results were analyzed using Student's t-test and the log-rank test. Variceal bleeding occured in 11 sclerotherapy patients (25 %) and 34 controls (75.6 %) (p < 0.05). The overall mortality was 25 % (11 patients) among the sclerotherapy patients and 69 % (31 patients) in the controls (p < 0.01). Prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy was able to prolong survival in Child-Pugh classes A and B, but not in C. It is concluded that prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy does reduce the incidence of first variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients, and is able to prolong survival if only high-risk patients are selected and the treatment is performed by endoscopic experts.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Efstathios Tapazoglou
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Plasma cell leukemia is a relatively rare plasma cell malignant condition. Bleeding abnormalities may develop during the course of the disease, most often caused by thrombocytopenia, adsorption of coagulation factors onto the paraprotein, or both. We report a case of plasma cell leukemia associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 83-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of severe lower-back pain after a fall. She had no other complaints and was in good health before this hospitalization. The physical examination disclosed a temperature of 37.2 °C (99.1 °F), BP of 170/80 mm Hg, pulse rate of 72 beats per minute, and respirations of 18/min. She had no bruises, petechiae, rashes, lymphadenopathy, or hepatosplenomegaly; lungs were clear. A grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur was heard at the left sternal border. The peripheral blood smear showed the presence of schistocytes and immature plasma cells.
Serum Amylase and Lipase in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Ali A. Rizvi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Increased amylase and lipase occurs 16–25% of the time in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (1). Acute pancreatitis can present or coexist with DKA and aggravate its severity (2). Nonspecific elevations of amylase in DKA have been reported (3), although increased serum lipase is assumed to indicate actual pancreatic involvement. Two cases of DKA are described in which elevated enzymes were seen without clinical or radiographic evidence of acute pancreatitis.

The first patient was a 74-year-old female with a 32-year history of type 1 diabetes who presented with DKA. Although she had no abdominal pain or tenderness, her amylase and lipase levels were elevated and peaked at values of 1,024 units/l (normal range 17–100 units/l) and 3,455 units/l (normal range <53 …
Headache and Focal Neurologic Deficits in a 37-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Maranatha O. Ayodele, Melike Pekmezci, Manish K. Aghi, Brian J. Scott
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

A 37-year-old woman presented with progressively worsening headache. She had no headache history, and initial evaluation revealed hydrocephalus of unclear etiology. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed with improvement. However, her headache returned and she developed neurologic deficits. Imaging studies demonstrated multiple cystic lesions in the posterior fossa. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid studies were unrevealing and a biopsy of the cystic lesions was performed. The clinical approach, differential diagnosis, and neuropathological findings are discussed.
The effect of topical corticosteroids on Ki67 and p53 expression in vulval lichen sclerosus
Authors: K.J. Rolfe, J.C. Crow, W.M.N. Reid, E. Benjamin, A.B. MacLean, C.W. Perrett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Background Topical corticosteroids have become the treatment of choice for genital lichen sclerosus (LS) and are believed to be required for long‐term relief of symptoms. Objectives To compare vulval LS that had been treated with topical corticosteroids, vulval LS that had not received topical corticosteroids, and histologically normal vulval skin. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to look for Ki67 expression and abnormal p53 expression. Results We found a statistically significant difference for p53 overexpression, with increased levels seen when comparing corticosteroid‐treated LS with normal genital skin (P = 0·011). Ki67 expression was also significantly higher in the corticosteroid‐treated group compared with normal genital skin (P = 0·001), and increased levels were also found in the treated group compared with untreated LS (P = 0·05). Conclusions Our data suggest that topical corticosteroids have an effect on cell cycle proteins in genital skin and, in particular, genital skin with LS changes.
Blood lead levels in the US population. Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991)
Authors: D. J. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine mean blood lead levels and their sociodemographic correlates in the US population.Nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included measurements of venous blood lead.A total of 13,201 persons aged 1 year and older examined during phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1991).The overall mean blood lead level for the US population was 0.14 mumol/L (2.8 micrograms/dL). Blood lead levels were consistently higher for younger children than for older children, for older adults than for younger adults, for males than for females, for blacks than for whites, and for central-city residents than for non-central-city residents. Other correlates of higher blood lead levels included low income, low educational attainment, and residence in the Northeast region of the United States. National estimates for children 1 to 5 years of age indicate that 8.9%, or approximately 1.7 million children, have blood lead levels 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL) or greater. These levels are high enough to be of health concern under 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.The low overall mean blood lead levels demonstrate a major public health success in primary prevention efforts. However, exposure to lead at levels that may adversely affect the health of children remains a problem especially for those who are minority, urban, and from low-income families. Strategies to identify the most vulnerable risk groups are necessary to further reduce lead exposure in the United States.
Utility of Impedance Cardiography for the Identification of Short-Term Risk of Clinical Decompensation in Stable Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer, William T. Abraham, Mandeep R. Mehra, Clyde W. Yancy, Christine E. Lawless, Judith E. Mitchell, Frank W. Smart, Rachel Bijou, Christopher M. O’Connor, Barry M. Massie, Ileana L. Pina, Barry H. Greenberg, James B. Young, Daniel P. Fishbein, Paul J. Hauptman, Robert C. Bourge, John E. Strobeck, Srinvivas Murali, Douglas Schocken, John R. Teerlink, Wayne C. Levy, Robin J. Trupp, Marc A. Silver
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Integrating static and dynamic features of melanoma: The DynaMel algorithm
Authors: Timo Buhl, Christian Hansen-Hagge, Bianca Korpas, Kjell M. Kaune, Ellen Haas, Albert Rosenberger, Michael P. Schön, Steffen Emmert, Holger A. Haenssle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Effect of sedentary activity on telomere length may not be so straightforward
Authors: Partha Haldar, Viviktha Ramesh, Shashi Kant
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

We read Sjogren et al 's1 article with great interest. The findings had much significance in understanding the implications of lifestyle choices on genetic changes. The study examined the relationships between changes in steps per day, and minutes performing exercise of low and moderate intensity as well as reported sitting time and changes in telomere length. Results showed that neither change in steps per day nor exercise time of either moderate or low intensity was significantly associated with changes in telomere length. Interestingly, telomere lengthening was …
Regional differences in surgical management of breast cancer
Authors: R. T. Osteen, G. D. Steele, H. R. Menck, D. P. Winchester
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

Data voluntarily submitted to the NCDB by 597 hospitals throughout the US indicate marked variations in the type of surgery used for the treatment of breast cancer. Patients in New England with early stage breast cancer are much more likely to be treated with partial mastectomy than are patients in the East South Central or West North Central regions.
Response of atrial natriuretic factor to acute and chronic increases of atrial pressures in experimental heart failure in dogs. Role of changes in heart rate, atrial dimension, and cardiac tissue concentration.
Authors: G W Moe, E A Grima, C Angus, N L Wong, D C Hu, R J Howard, P W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the role of changes in heart rate, atrial pressure, volume, and cardiac tissue atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentration in the modulation of plasma ANF concentration in a model of pacing-induced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of acute right ventricular pacing (250 beats/min), acute volume expansion (35 ml/min), and volume expansion after 1 week of right ventricular pacing on plasma ANF concentration were compared in eight dogs (group 1). As shown during right ventricular pacing previously, volume expansion produced significant increases in cardiac filling pressures and left atrial volume. Right ventricular pacing and volume expansion produced similar increments in plasma ANF concentration: from 32 +/- 12 to 168 +/- 153 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and from 32 +/- 9 to 137 +/- 113 pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. When pacing was initiated after volume expansion, plasma ANF concentration increased further to 462 +/- 295 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) despite little change in filling pressures and left atrial volume. With repeated volume expansion after 1 week of pacing, there were no significant further increases in left atrial volume and plasma ANF concentrations (from 332 +/- 121 to 407 +/- 113 pg/ml) despite significant increases in filling pressures. Atrial and ventricular tissue samples were also obtained from 21 dogs paced to severe heart failure (group 2) and from 14 normal dogs (controls). In all groups, atrial ANF was higher than ventricular ANF concentration. At 1 week (group 1), left atrial appendage ANF concentration (6.2 +/- 2.5 versus 16.1 +/- 10.3 ng/mg) was reduced, whereas left ventricular free wall ANF concentration (0.62 +/- 0.31 versus 0.24 +/- 0.16 pg/mg) was increased compared with that of controls (both p less than 0.001). At severe heart failure (group 2), atrial ANF remained low, whereas ventricular ANF concentration was similar to that of the controls. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in pacing-induced heart failure, changes in heart rate, atrial pressure, and volume all contribute to the increased plasma ANF concentration. However, by 1 week (early heart failure), ANF release is attenuated, perhaps because of the inability of the atria to be stretched further and because of reduced atrial ANF concentration. In addition, the ventricle may be an additional source of ANF.
Cytokeratin immunoreactivity of intestinal metaplasia
Authors: I A Mouzas
Journal: Gut (2002)

We read with great interest the well designed study of Couvelard et al ( Gut 2001; 49 :761–6). In agreement with other studies,1–3 the authors reported that cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 immunoreactivity in the specialised intestinal metaplasia found in Barrett’s oesophagus differs from the intestinal metaplasia found in the stomach. The specific pattern of CK7/CK20 expression, so-called Barrett’s type, is characterised by strong CK7 staining of both superficial and deep glands together with a strong superficial CK20 stain. The authors report that both clinical and endoscopic findings support this differentiation.

The origin and development of intestinal metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction have been a matter for debate. There are findings suggesting that intestinal metaplasia of the cardia has an immunophenotype similar to Barrett’s oesophagus3 while others suggest that it is similar to the rest of the gastric mucosa.1 We evaluated the CK7/CK20 pattern of gastric cardia with intestinal metaplasia and compared it with Barrett’s oesophagus, corpus, and antrum metaplasia in 68 endoscopic biopsies and selected surgical specimens.4 Immunostaining was performed using the same monoclonal antibodies for CK7 and CK20 as in the study of Couvelard et al for all specimens of Barrett’s (n=17), cardia metaplasia (n=15), corpus metaplasia (n=14), and antrum metaplasia (n=22).

We found three patterns of CK7/CK20 immunostaining and identified them as IM-1, IM-2, and IM-3. IM-1 is characterised by strong diffuse CK7 staining in both superficial and deep …
mTOR Inhibitors in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Terry Watnick, Gregory G. Germino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common cause of inherited renal failure1 that is characterized by the progressive formation of renal cysts, which leads to end-stage renal disease in mid-adulthood. Furthermore, massive renal enlargement has a number of untoward consequences, including chronic pain, hypertension, and cyst infections. Approximately 85% of ADPKD cases are caused by mutations in the PKD1 gene that encodes a large membrane receptor. The remaining 15% of cases result from mutations in the PKD2 gene, a calcium-permeable channel that binds to PKD1. The accelerated pace of scientific discovery in the field has led to an . . .
Responsiveness to phenobarbital in an adult with crigler-najjar disease associated with neurological involvement and skin hyperextensibility
Authors: Marcello Persico, Marco Romano, Maurizio Muraca
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We present the case of a 23-yr-old man who had had since birth marked and sustained unconjugated non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia and who had had several attacks of grand mal seizures. Analysis of serum bilirubin by diazoreactive methods showed serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin as high as 445 mumol/L that were not affected by phenobarbital administration. However, analysis of serum bile pigments by high-pressure liquid chromatography demonstrated marked decrease of unconjugated bilirubin after phenobarbital treatment (from 432.4 mumol/L to 291.0 mumol/L) associated with slight increase of bilirubin monoconjugates and disconjugates (from 0.25 mumol/L to 0.42 mumol/L). Furthermore, in the past few years the patient had exhibited striking skin hyperextensibility and diaphragm eventration. This case confirms that alkaline methanolysis-high-pressure liquid chromatography is the most reliable method for assessment of serum fraction bilirubin levels; that clinical parameters such as neurological signs do not unequivocally discriminate between type I and II Crigler-Najjar disease and that response to phenobarbital treatment remains the main diagnostic tool.
Neurofibromatosis and Cystic Lung Disease.
Authors: Donald Massaro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Neurofibromatosis and Cystic Lung Disease.Donald Massaro, M.D., Sol Katz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Donald Massaro, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sol Katz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-735_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVon Recklinghausen's disease is known to affect many systems and organs in addition to the usual neurocutaneous findings. Thoracic involvement most commonly presents as neuromatous tumors of the posterior mediastinium. In addition, the lungs may be involved by benign neurofibroma or by metastatic disease in those cases where the neurofibroma have become sarcomatous. We have recently encountered four cases of classical von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, all proven by biopsy, who have in addition cystic lung disease. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in the American literature.The chest film of the first patient revealed linear fibrosis, honeycombing and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald Massaro, M.D.; Sol Katz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 735-736KeywordsBiopsyFibrosisLungsNeurofibromatosis type 1Thorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lei Feng, Carolyn Matsumoto, Allan Schwartz, Ann Marie Schmidt, David M. Stern, John Pile-Spellman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Chronic vascular inflammation may play a role in the development of macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we examine the association of endothelial expression of two inflammatory mediators, receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), with type 2 diabetes using novel endothelial biopsy and RT-PCR techniques. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Endothelial samples are obtained from the aorta of 12 patients with type 2 diabetes and 23 control subjects who underwent cardiac catheterization for chest pain syndrome or heart transplant follow-up. Endothelial cells are purified using magnetic beads with adsorbed CD146 antibody and subjected to RT-PCR analysis of RAGE and MCP-1 transcripts. The association of RAGE and MCP-1 expression with type 2 diabetes is assessed with χ2 test and confirmed with in vitro experiments on human aorta endothelial cells. RESULTS—RT-PCR reveals gene expression patterns in patient-derived endothelial cells. Strong associations are observed between induction of RAGE mRNA and diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and between induction of RAGE and MCP-1 transcripts (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Treatment of cultured human aortic endothelial cells with S100b induces the expression of MCP-1 and RAGE transcripts. CONCLUSIONS—Endothelial cells can be harvested during cardiac catheterization and can be characterized with respect to molecular phenotypes under the influence of both genetic and environmental factors. Induction of RAGE and MCP-1 transcripts in patients with diabetes supports a role of chronic vascular inflammation in macrovascular complications.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors yield additional antiplatelet protection in patients with congestive heart failure treated with antecedent aspirin
Authors: V.L. Serebruany, A.H. Glassman, A.I. Malinin, D. Atar, D.C. Sane, B.R. Oshrine, J.J. Ferguson, C.M. O'Connor
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Protective effects of glycyrrhizin in a gut hypoxia (ischemia)-reoxygenation (reperfusion) model
Authors: Rosanna Di Paola, Marta Menegazzi, Emanuela Mazzon, Tiziana Genovese, Concetta Crisafulli, Martina Dal Bosco, Zhenzhen Zou, Hisanori Suzuki, Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Imatinib Mesylate — A New Oral Targeted Therapy
Authors: David G. Savage, Karen H. Antman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

This review discusses the development and uses of imatinib mesylate, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor useful in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Imatinib targets platelet-derived growth factor receptor, inhibits the fusion product of the Philadelphia chromosome, and targets c-kit, a protein tyrosine kinase. The drug may also be effective in the treatment of other tumors that express platelet-derived growth factor receptor or c-kit.