tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple factors contribute to acetylcholine-induced renal afferent arteriolar vasodilation during myogenic and norepinephrine- and KCl-induced vasoconstriction. Studies in the isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidney.
Authors: K Hayashi, R Loutzenhiser, M Epstein, H Suzuki, T Saruta
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Acetylcholine (ACh) elicits vasodilation by releasing a number of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs). We used the isolated perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney to examine the characteristics of ACh-induced vasodilation of renal afferent arterioles during different types of underlying vasoconstriction. Basal arteriolar tone was increased by either elevating perfusion pressure to 180 mm Hg (myogenic), administering 0.3 mumol/L norepinephrine (NE), or elevating medium potassium concentration to 30 mmol/L (KCl). ACh (10 mumol/L) completely reversed myogenic and NE-induced vasoconstriction and reversed KCl-induced vasoconstriction by 80 +/- 5%. However, whereas ACh produced a sustained vasodilation during KCl- and NE-induced vasoconstriction, only a transient reversal of myogenic vasoconstriction was observed, and myogenic tone recovered within 5 to 10 minutes. ACh-induced vasodilation of arterioles preconstricted with KCl was markedly inhibited by either indomethacin (100 mumol/L) or nitro-L-arginine (100 mumol/L) and was completely abolished by pretreatment with both inhibitors. In contrast, indomethacin and nitro-L-arginine had no effect on the transient response to ACh observed during pressure-induced vasoconstriction. In vessels preconstricted with NE, nitro-L-arginine converted the normally sustained response to ACh to a transient vasodilation, which was refractory to both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Since this component was not observed during KCl-induced vasoconstriction, it may reflect the actions of an, as yet unidentified, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Our findings thus suggest that prostanoids, nitric oxide, and EDHF all contribute to ACh-induced renal afferent arteriolar vasodilation and that the relative contributions of these individual EDRFs depends on the nature of the underlying renal vascular tone.
Experience with Thiomerin, A New Mercurial Diuretic
Authors: HAROLD J. STEWART, HERBERT I. MCCOY, EDWARD M. SHEPARD, E. HUGH LUCKEY
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Thiomerin, a new mercurial diuretic, was given subcutaneously to 109 patients in whom fluid accumulations were present. Most patients suffered from congestive heart failure. It was used first under close supervision in hospitalized patients and later in ambulatory patients. In certain patients it was possible to compare the diuretic response to Thiomerin given subcutaneously with that to Mercuzanthin and/or Mercuhydrin given intramuscularly or intravenously. The untoward effects of these mercurial diuretics were compared with those caused by Thiomerin. The advantages of a subcutaneous mercurial diuretic are pointed out.
1105-172 Abnormal vascular endothelial function in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Karen M Modesto, Angela Dispenzieri, Sanderson Cauduro, Martha Lacy, Bijoy Khanderia, Marek Behlohlavek, Phllip Greipp, Robert Kyle, Jamil Tajik, Morie Gertz, Theodore Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
THE STATUS OF THE CHILD.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON DISEASES OF CHILDREN AT THE FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION, AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1907.
Authors: J. ROSS SNYDER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

To all who have given serious thought on conditions of society as they exist in our country to-day, certain changes in our ways of living seem imperative if the integrity of the nation is to be preserved. More and more numerous are the bubbles which, rising on the surface of our civilization, denote the workings of ferments beneath. The nation is already somewhat taxed with the burden of caring for, while protecting itself against, an army of defective, degenerate and unstable citizens. The rapid increase in such members continuing, society as a whole will be vitiated, and sooner or later our people will be compelled to give way to some newer, cleaner and stronger power. To live unwarned by the experiences of other, older and past civilizations, and to blind ourselves to the evidences of decay within us is not optimism but folly! To insist that if our nation is
Serological Responses to an Avian Influenza A/H7N9 Vaccine Mixed at the Point-of-Use With MF59 Adjuvant
Authors: Mark J. Mulligan, David I. Bernstein, Patricia Winokur, Richard Rupp, Evan Anderson, Nadine Rouphael, Michelle Dickey, Jack T. Stapleton, Srilatha Edupuganti, Paul Spearman, Dilek Ince, Diana L. Noah, Heather Hill, Abbie R. Bellamy
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Human infections with avian influenza A/H7N9 have resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China.To compare safety and immunogenicity of different doses of influenza A/Shanghai/2/13 (H7N9) vaccine mixed with or without the MF59 adjuvant.Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial at 4 US sites enrolled 700 adults aged 19 to 64 years beginning in September 2013; 6-month follow-up was completed in May 2014.The H7N9 inactivated virus vaccine was administered intramuscularly on days 0 and 21 at nominal doses of 3.75, 7.5, 15, or 45 µg of hemagglutinin (actual doses approximately 50% higher) with or without the MF59 adjuvant. A total 99, 100, or 101 participants were randomized to each group (7 groups; N = 700).Proportions achieving day 42 antibody titer of 40 or greater or seroconversion (a minimum 4-fold increase to titer ≥40) with the hemagglutination inhibition assay; vaccine-related serious adverse events through month 13; and solicited postvaccination symptoms through day 7.Hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were minimal after participants received an unadjuvanted vaccine. After receiving 2 doses of H7N9 vaccine at a dosage of 3.75 µg plus the MF59 adjuvant, day 42 seroconversion occurred in 58 participants (59%; 95% CI, 48%-68%). The peak seroconversion occurred at day 29 in 62 participants (62%; 95% CI, 52%-72%). The day 42 geometric mean titer was 33.0 (95% CI, 24.7-44.1). Higher antigen doses were not associated with increased response. For the neutralizing antibody assays, after receiving 3.75 µg of H7N9 vaccine plus the MF59 adjuvant, day 42 seroconversion occurred in 81 participants (82%; 95% CI, 73%-89%). The day 42 geometric mean titer was 81.4 (95% CI, 66.6-99.5). There was no statistically significant difference in day 42 hemagglutination inhibition seroconversion after mixing adjuvant with either the first or both 15 µg doses (n = 34 [35%; 95% CI, 25%-45%] vs n = 47 [47%; 95% CI, 37%-58%], respectively; P = .10). Recent receipt of seasonal influenza vaccination and older age were associated with attenuated response. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Solicited postvaccination symptoms were generally mild with more local symptoms seen in participants who received the adjuvant.Point-of-use mixing and administration of 2 doses of H7N9 vaccine at the lowest tested antigen dose with MF59 adjuvant produced seroconversion in 59% of participants. Although these findings indicate potential value in this approach, the study is limited by the absence of antibody data beyond 42 days and the absence of clinical outcomes.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01938742.
No evidence for AT2R gene derangement in human urinary tract anomalies
Authors: Masahiro Hiraoka, Takanobu Taniguchi, Hideo Nakai, Minoru Kino, Yuusaku Okada, Akihiko Tanizawa, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Yusei Ohshima, Ikunobu Muramatsu, Mitsufumi Mayumi
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
High Altitude and House-dust Mites
Authors: F. Th. M. Spieksma, P. Zuidema, M. J. Leupen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

House dust from high mountainous areas of Switzerland contains very few house-dust mites. In contrast to lower-lying regions, only very small quantities of house-dust allergen are found at high altitudes.The cause of this phenomenon seems likely to be the climatic conditions in the high mountains of Europe, where cold air leads to extremely low humidity levels indoors. The soil conditions and a type of construction providing good protection against the penetration of water also contribute to dry conditions in houses. These factors prevent the development of large populations of allergen-producing house-dust mites.The beneficial effect of a stay at high altitudes on patients with atopic asthma is probably due to the low concentrations of house-dust allergen.
4.48 Psychosis
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“I have become so depressed by the fact of my mortality that I have decided to commit suicide.” The play 4.48 Psychosis is a bleak, often angry examination of clinical depression and suicidal ideation. The playwright, Sarah Kane, was a key figure in the British “in-yer-face theatre” of the 1990s, which was characterised by provocative and confrontational writing and depictions of explicit sex and violence. Kane committed suicide in 1999 at the age of 28; 4.48 Psychosis , her fifth and final play, was first performed almost 18 months later.

Kane had attracted controversy while alive. Her first play, …
Revolutions in public health: 1848, and 1998?
Authors: C. Hamlin, S. Sheard
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editorials by Alderslade, Palmer Recent advances p 584 Education and debate pp 592, 596

This autumn marks the 150th anniversary of the Public Health Act for England and Wales, the beginning of a commitment to proactive, rather than a reactive, public health. The act began a series of legislative measures extending through the Victorian era and into this century in which the state became guarantor of standards of health and environmental quality and provided means for local units of government to make the structural changes to meet those standards.

That public action can substantially improve the health of the general population now seems obvious, and it also seems obvious that public authorities owe their citizens that improvement. Both were controversial in the 1830s and 1840s. For centuries European governments had reacted to epidemics with decrees. With medical boards to advise them, they set their military forces to protecting borders and ports, whitewashed towns, fumigated dwellings, and burnt bedding. The threat of unusual disease prompted these reactions, and they were relaxed when the epidemics passed.1 Normal disease—infant mortality of more than 50% in inner city wards, annual mortality of over 30/1000 in some towns—prompted no such reactions.

Unless we are familiar with some of the cities of the developing world, most of us are probably unable to fathom the enormity of the unplanned urbanisation of the 19th century: roughly 3 million people(slightly over 30%) were urban in 1801 in England and Wales, compared with 28.5 million (almost 80%) in 1901. Growth rates in some textile boom towns, like Bradford from 1811 to 1831, exceeded 60% per decade; this despite the fact that towns were acting as a sink for human life. In Liverpool average life expectancy by class ranged from 15 years for the unemployed or poor to 35 years for the well to do.2– …
Endoscopic Decompression Procedure in Acute Obstructing Colorectal Cancer
Authors: None Araki, None Isomoto, None Matsumoto, None Kaibara, None Yasunaga, None Hayashi, None Yatsugi, None Yamauchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

In the treatment of acute obstructing colorectal cancer, a nasoenteric ileus tube is not capable of providing sufficient decompression of the enlarged intestine immediately, and it may cause the patients throat pain. We therefore assessed the effectiveness of an endoscopic decompression procedure using a transanal ileus tube for acute obstructing colorectal cancer.Five patients (five women, mean age 62) with colorectal cancer ileus underwent endoscopic decompression procedures between July 1994 and March 1999. The stricture was first negotiated using a guide wire 300 cm in length, and was then dilated using 8 Fr and 26 Fr dilating catheters. Immediately after a transanal ileus tube 120 cm in length with an outside diameter of 22 Fr was inserted, the intestinal tract was cleaned.No leakage from a colorectal anastomosis occurred during this endoscopic decompression procedure. Immediately after insertion of a decompression procedure tube, radical surgery could be performed after adequate preoperative examination and colorectal preparation.This procedure may be helpful in allowing immediate preoperative examination and scheduling of a radical operation for acute obstructing colorectal disease.
Body Mass Index and Its Association with Clinical Outcomes for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Enrolled on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Clinical Trials
Authors: Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Joan H. Schiller, Philip B. Bonomi, Alan B. Sandler, Julie R. Brahmer, Suresh S. Ramalingam, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Multiorgan Granulomas and Mitochondrial Antibodies
Authors: Elizabeth A. Fagan, John C. Moore-Gillon, Margaret Turner-Warwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Granulomas may be found in up to 10 per cent of specimens from routine percutaneous liver biopsies.1 Non-organ-specific antibodies to mitochondria occur in less than 1 per cent of the general population and in a similar proportion of patients with sarcoidosis.2 Such antibodies are present in over 95 per cent of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis,2 , 3 a disorder that may have histologic and clinical similarities to sarcoidosis. Hepatic granulomas occur in 60 per cent of patients with sarcoidosis4 and in 42 per cent of those with primary biliary cirrhosis.5 The finding of mitochondrial antibodies and a negative Kveim-Siltzbach test has . . .
Combination Chemotherapy with Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, and Platinum Compounds for Advanced Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Toshihiko Agatsuma, Tomonobu Koizumi, Shintaro Kanda, Michiko Ito, Kazuhisa Urushihata, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Masayuki Hanaoka, Keishi Kubo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Misperceptions and misuse of Bear Brand coffee creamer as infant food: national cross sectional survey of consumers and paediatricians in Laos
Authors: H. Barennes, T. Andriatahina, V. Latthaphasavang, M. Anderson, L. M Srour
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To investigate the use of Bear Brand coffee creamer as a food for infants and the impact on consumers of the logo of a cartoon baby bear held by its mother in the breastfeeding position.Interviews with paediatricians throughout the country and a national survey of potential consumers regarding their perceptions and use of the Bear Brand coffee creamer.84 randomised villages in south, central, and northern Laos.26 Lao paediatricians and 1098 adults in households in a cluster sampling.Of the 26 paediatricians, 24 said that parents "often" or "sometimes" fed this product to infants as a substitute for breast milk. In the capital city, paediatricians said that mothers used the product when they returned to work. In the countryside, they reported that poor families used it when the mother was ill or died. Of 1098 adults surveyed, 96% believed that the can contains milk; 46% believed the Bear Brand logo indicates that the product is formulated for feeding to infants or to replace breast milk; 80% had not read the written warning on the can; and over 18% reported giving the product to their infant at a mean age of 4.7 months (95% confidence interval 4.1 to 5.3).The Bear Brand coffee creamer is used as a breast milk substitute in Laos. The cartoon logo influences people's perception of the product that belies the written warning "This product is not to be used as a breast milk substitute." Use of this logo on coffee creamer is misleading to the local population and places the health of infants at risk.
Profile of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin derived from two areas of Japan with different prevalence of atrophic gastritis.
Authors: S Ito, T Azuma, H Murakita, M Hirai, H Miyaji, Y Ito, Y Ohtaki, Y Yamazaki, M Kuriyama, Y Keida, Y Kohli
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To clarify the roles of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin in gastric atrophy, the cytotoxin positive rate and cytotoxin activity in Fukui and Okinawa, where the prevalence of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer risk are quite different, were studied. MATERIALS: Seventy three strains from Fukui and 51 from Okinawa were examined. METHODS: The validation of atrophy was done by endoscopy, being confirmed with histology. The supernatant of liquid H pylori culture media was concentrated 20-fold, serially diluted, using doubling dilutions, and scored from 1 to 8. The semi-quantitated cytotoxin activity was expressed as the maximum dilution score yielding &gt; 50% A431 cell vacuolation, being standardised with bacterial density. RESULTS: The cytotoxin activity of the strains from Fukui was highly diverse compared with that from Okinawa, although the cytotoxin positive rate was not different. In Fukui strains, the grade of atrophy and the cytotoxin activity were correlated (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the cytotoxin activity of the strains from all patients in Okinawa, most of whom showed closed-type/mild atrophy, was significantly lower than that of the strains from the patients with open-type/severe atrophy in Fukui (6.46 (5.53) v 9.76 (8.80), p &lt; 0.05), (mean (SEM)). CONCLUSION: The difference in profile of the cytotoxin activity in the two areas was related to the difference in the prevalence of atrophic gastritis.
Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity
Authors: Giannoula Klement, Sylvain Baruchel, Janusz Rak, Shan Man, Katherine Clark, Daniel J. Hicklin, Peter Bohlen, Robert S. Kerbel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Various conventional chemotherapeutic drugs can block angiogenesis or even kill activated, dividing endothelial cells. Such effects may contribute to the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo and may delay or prevent the acquisition of drug-resistance by cancer cells. We have implemented a treatment regimen that augments the potential antivascular effects of chemotherapy, that is devoid of obvious toxic side effects, and that obstructs the development of drug resistance by tumor cells. Xenografts of 2 independent neuroblastoma cell lines were subjected to either continuous treatment with low doses of vinblastine, a monoclonal neutralizing antibody (DC101) targeting the flk-1/KDR (type 2) receptor for VEGF, or both agents together. The rationale for this combination was that any antivascular effects of the low-dose chemotherapy would be selectively enhanced in cells of newly formed vessels when survival signals mediated by VEGF are blocked. Both DC101 and low-dose vinblastine treatment individually resulted in significant but transient xenograft regression, diminished tumor vascularity, and direct inhibition of angiogenesis. Remarkably, the combination therapy resulted in full and sustained regressions of large established tumors, without an ensuing increase in host toxicity or any signs of acquired drug resistance during the course of treatment, which lasted for >6 months.
Reducing Diagnostic Error Through Medical Home-Based Primary Care Reform
Authors: Hardeep Singh, Mark Graber
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate in young children with asthma: their relationship with blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein
Authors: S. H. Choi, D. K. Kim, J. Yu, Y. Yoo, Y. Y. Koh
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic feature of asthma, and is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. Blood eosinophil numbers and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are considered as indirect measures of airway inflammation in asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is more closely associated with blood eosinophil markers, compared with that to methacholine, in young children with asthma.Methacholine and AMP bronchial challenges were performed in 4- to 6-year-old children with asthma (n = 77) and in healthy controls (n = 32), using a modified auscultation method. The end-point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. The peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP concentrations were determined in each subject.A positive response to methacholine (end-point concentration < or =8mg/ml) and to AMP (end-point concentration < or =200 mg/ml) was observed in 74 (96.1%) and 66 asthmatic children (85.7%), respectively. A majority of controls was unresponsive to both challenges. In the asthma group, there was no significant correlation between methacholine end-point concentration and the eosinophil counts (r = -0.111, P = 0.337) or serum ECP levels (r = -0.126, P = 0.274). In contrast, AMP end-point concentration correlated significantly with the eosinophil counts (r = -0.372, P = 0.001) and with serum ECP levels (r = -0.371, P = 0.001).Our results suggest that bronchial responsiveness to AMP is more closely related to airway inflammation, compared with that to methacholine, and support the potential usefulness of AMP challenges in detecting inflammatory changes in young children with asthma.
The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1973)

How can society control the so-called addictive drugs—opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, marihuana? This problem, so acute today, extends far back in American history, with many earlier attempts at solution on the international, federal, and local levels. Doctor Musto has performed a splendid task of historical research, tracing the various attempts at reform and control, the relationships between legislative processes and various interested groups—social reformers, physicians, the American Medical Association, pharmacists, manufacturers, politicians (in both the favorable and unfavorable senses), addicts and criminals, bureaucrats, and others. Legislative proposals and enactments, the influences and counterinfluences brought to bear, and the way the laws actually worked out in practice comprise the framework of the book. Musto has shown extreme diligence in tracing down his sources, principally from various archives, and has brought together an immense amount of material that will prove invaluable for future researchers. After describing the early attempts at international control