tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A passive transfer model of the organ-specific autoimmune disease, bullous pemphigoid, using antibodies generated against the hemidesmosomal antigen, BP180.
Authors: Z Liu, L A Diaz, J L Troy, A F Taylor, D J Emery, J A Fairley, G J Giudice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Subepidermal blistering associated with the human skin diseases bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis has been thought to be an IgG autoantibody-mediated process; however, previous attempts to demonstrate the pathogenicity of patient autoantibodies have been unsuccessful. An immunodominant and potentially pathogenic epitope associated with these blistering diseases has recently been mapped to the extracellular domain of a human epidermal antigen, BP180. Patient autoantibodies that react with this well-defined antigenic site failed to crossreact with the murine form of this autoantigen and thus could not be assayed for pathogenicity in a conventional passive transfer mouse model. As an alternative, rabbit polyclonal antibodies were generated against a segment of the murine BP180 protein homologous with the human BP180 autoantibody-reactive site and were passively transferred into neonatal BALB/c mice. The injected animals developed a subepidermal blistering disease that closely mimicked bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis at the clinical, histological, and immunological levels. Autoantibodies that recognize the human BP180 ectodomain are therefore likely to play an initiatory role in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: MICHAEL F. ROIZEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Pancuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant approved to induce skeletal muscle relaxation during anesthesia and to facilitate the management of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The use of pancuronium bromide during surgery led to the appreciation that it has advantages over drugs previously used for muscle relaxation. Patients in whom pancuronium bromide is of value are [1] hypoxemic patients resisting mechanical ventilation and so cardiovascularly unstable that use of sedatives is precluded, [2] patients with bronchospasm unresponsive to conventional therapy, [3] patients with severe tetanus or poisoning where muscle spasm prohibits adequate ventilation, [4] patients with status epilepticus unable to maintain their own ventilation, [5] shivering patients in whom metabolic demands for oxygen should be reduced, and [6] patients requiring tracheal intubation in whom succinylcholine administration is contraindicated. Without concomitant sedation, use of pancuronium bromide is associated with psychological risks. Other risks are undetected ventilator disconnection, tachyarrythmias, prolonged paralysis and drug interactions.
Quantification and parametric imaging of renal cortical blood flow in vivo based on Patlak graphical analysis
Authors: Egbert U. Nitzsche, Yong Choi, David Killion, Carl K. Hoh, Randall A. Hawkins, J. Thomas Rosenthal, Denis B. Buxton, Sung-Cheng Huang, Michael E. Phelps, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Royal college warns against "unsound tests" for infertility
Authors: D. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Women seeking answers on the internet for their fertility problems are being misled by being offered clinical investigations and treatments that lack any sound scientific basis, says a review published this week by the scientific advisory committee of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

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Praying to Artemis of Ephesus, a goddess associated with fertility, might be as useful as undergoing some of the fertility tests offered on the internet

Credit: BAL/ALINARI

The review addressed the hypothesis that some cases of reproductive failure (failure to conceive …

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Viral delivery of miR-196a ameliorates the SBMA phenotype via the silencing of CELF2
Authors: Yu Miyazaki, Hiroaki Adachi, Masahisa Katsuno, Makoto Minamiyama, Yue-Mei Jiang, Zhe Huang, Hideki Doi, Shinjiro Matsumoto, Naohide Kondo, Madoka Iida, Genki Tohnai, Fumiaki Tanaka, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Gen Sobue
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
A high-throughput-sequence analysis infrastructure technology investigation framework for the evaluation of next-generation sequencing software
Authors: Xiaoyu Liu, Sumit Middha, Steven Hart, Asha Nair, Ahmed Hadad, Patrick Duffy, Jean-Pierre Kocher
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is an emerging technology that promises to deliver unparalleled information on genomic variations. As technology evolves and matures, and as a deeper understanding of this technology is gained, new and upgraded tools for analyzing HTS will become available and will need to be evaluated and validated. To facilitate this cumbersome task, we have developed an HTS validation framework into which both in-house-generated synthetic datasets and well-characterized experimental datasets have been incorporated for controlled testing and evaluation of these analysis tools. Currently, the framework can be used to assess algorithms for short-read mapping, variant calling and RNA-Seq-derived gene expression measurements. The framework is deployed in the Amazon EC2 cloud so that it is available to the broader research community. Using our framework, researchers can further validate interfaced applications with preferred parameters, upload their own datasets for processing, and interface new applications with the framework for validation and comparison.

We report the performance of several alignment, variant calling and RNA-Seq analytic tools that have been tested with our framework. We also provide feedback on the challenges and benefits of Amazon EC2 deployment.
Hcv coinfection, an important risk factor for hepatotoxicity in pregnant women starting antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ingrid J.M. Snijdewind, Colette Smit, Mieke H. Godfried, Jeannine F.J.B. Nellen, Frank de Wolf, Kees Boer, Marchina E. van der Ende
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Hepatitis C virus type 1b (II) infection in France and Italy Nousbaum JB, Pol S, Nalpas B, Landais P, Berthelot P, Brechot C, and the Collaborative Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 161?168
Authors: R SALLIE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Abstract      Objective:    To analyze the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes among patients positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) according to age, severity of liver disease, and duration of infection; to investigate the influence of HCV genotypes on response to interferon-α therapy; and to study HCV viremia levels in relation to genotypes and severity of liver disease.    Design:    Cross-sectional study.    Setting:    3 university hospitals and 2 research units.    Patients:    3 groups of French and Italian patients with chronic HCV infection and detectable serum HCV RNA: Group 1 included 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; group 2, 71 patients with cirrhosis who did not have hepatocellular carcinoma; and group 3, 114 patients with chronic active hepatitis. 106 of the patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were treated with interferon-α (3 MU subcutaneously 3 times/wk for ≥6 months).    Measurements:    Genotyping by polymerase chain reaction with capsid-specific primers; serum HCV RNA by branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification.    Results:    Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (II) was the most prevalent genotype (61.8%). In a univariate analysis, it was associated with older age (   Conclusions:    The prevalence of HCV genotypes in French and Italian patients has been changing; the prevalence of HCV type 1b (II) infection has progressively decreased, although it still accounts for most HCV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. High HCV viremia levels and HCV genotype type 1b (II) are independent predictors for poor response to interferon-α therapy and should be considered in the management of patients with HCV infection.
UNILATERAL RETINAL CHANGES in CEREBRAL HAeMORRHAGE, EMBOLISM, and THROMBOSIS
Authors: R. T. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1898)

1 I'SIS recovery of the muscle would have been a matter of at least znany months.I publish the case partly for its general interest, as showing vicarious mus¢cular supply after nerve injuries, and partly for its special interest, as showing what may be expected in favourable cases in the way of recovery of function in cases of atrophy of the deltoid.
Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: M. D. FLAMM, DONALD C. HARRISON, E. W. HANCOCK
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Eleven patients with muscular subaortic stenosis were studied by use of combined right and transatrial septal left heart catheterization. A variety of stimulating maneuvers were performed to induce or increase the functional outflow tract obstruction; 150 µg/kg of propranolol was administered intravenously, and the stimulating maneuvers were repeated. Outflow obstruction was latent (present only with stimulation) in four patients, labile (present intermittently at rest) in five patients, and persistent and severe in two patients. Propranolol abolished or significantly decreased the spontaneous variations in outflow obstruction occurring at rest, during the enhanced gradient in the post-exercise state, and during variations induced by isoproterenol infusion. The outflow obstruction induced by inhalation of amyl nitrite, the Valsalva maneuver, and premature ventricular contractions was only inconsistently prevented. Long-term oral propranolol therapy has been of significant symptomatic benefit in all the patients with latent or labile outflow obstruction and is considered the treatment of choice in these groups. In one patient with persistent outflow obstruction, an increase in symptoms occurred when oral propranolol was administered, and the drug was discontinued. Evidence is presented to support the concept of a cycle of obstruction and hypertrophy in the natural history of this disease. This vicious cycle might be prevented by propranolol.
Time to divide the spoils?
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

You could be forgiven for thinking that it is open season on the NHS.Over the past few months, the media image has been of a service sick to its core, almost unrivalled in its incompetence and cruelty.From Mid Staffs to Morecambe Bay, from the "crisis" in emergency departments to the Liverpool care pathway, some egregious failings have certainly been on display.
Enabling transparent and collaborative computational analysis of 12 tumor types within The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Larsson Omberg, Kyle Ellrott, Yuan Yuan, Cyriac Kandoth, Chris Wong, Michael R Kellen, Stephen H Friend, Josh Stuart, Han Liang, Adam A Margolin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)

The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis Working Group collaborated on the Synapse software platform to share and evolve data, results and methodologies while performing integrative analysis of molecular profiling data from 12 tumor types. The group's work serves as a pilot case study that provides (i) a template for future large collaborative studies; (ii) a system to support collaborative projects; and (iii) a public resource of highly curated data, results and automated systems for the evaluation of community-developed models.
lynx1, an Endogenous Toxin-like Modulator of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Mammalian CNS
Authors: Julie M Miwa, Ines Iban̆ez-Tallon, Gregg W Crabtree, Roberto Sánchez, Andrej S̆ali, Lorna W Role, Nathaniel Heintz
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Booster Effect of Human Diploid Cell Antirabies Vaccine in Previously Treated Persons
Authors: Ahmad Fayaz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Contact was maintained with 27 of 45 persons for four years after their severe exposure to rabies virus and successful protection. During that time, these persons showed no adverse effects of treatment and maintained rabies-neutralizing antibody at the level of 2 to 91 IU/mL of serum. After a single booster inoculation of human diploid cell culture vaccine four years after the initial treatment, levels of neutralizing antibodies rose to 36 to 650 IU/mL of serum ten days after the booster inoculation. These observations confirm the persistence of rabies-specific serum antibodies for an extended (four years) period after vaccination. Furthermore, a single booster inoculation with human diploid cell culture vaccine resulted in a sharp increase in the level of antibodies, indicating that a person would probably be protected against a second exposure.
Enhanced osseointegration by the chemotactic activity of plasma fibronectin for cellular fibronectin positive cells
Authors: Ryo Jimbo, Takashi Sawase, Yasuaki Shibata, Kazunari Hirata, Yoshitaka Hishikawa, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Kazuhisa Bessho, Tohru Ikeda, Mitsuru Atsuta
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
OBESITY AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES AND SYSTOLIC FUNCTION: INSIGHTS FROM A CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY IN THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY (FHS) OFFSPRING COHORT
Authors: Murilo Foppa, Philimon Gona, Arman Ashrafi, Garima Arora, Carol J. Salton, Susan J. Blease, Christopher O'Donnell, Warren Manning, Michael Chuang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Which Tablets? Why Horns?
Authors: Abraham E. Goldminz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journal'srecent cover reproduction of Rembrandt's<i>Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law</i><sup>1</sup>and its cursory description was thought provoking. In his book, Professor Franz Landsberger<sup>2</sup>labels this painting as<i>Moses Lifting the Tablets of the Law</i>. His discussion cites a source in which the title of the painting is<i>Moses Zeigt die Gesetzentafeln</i>. The German verb<i>zeigen</i>may be translated "to exhibit, display or demonstrate." The action of lifting or displaying the tablets could either have preceded or perhaps initiated the act of breaking them. On the other hand, the lifting and display could have been just that and no more. The portentous painting itself must answer the question raised in the discussion of the cover—Which Moses and which tablets? I submit it is the Moses described in Exodus 32:15, 19, rather than the radiant Moses of Exodus 34:27, 29. This great Dutch
The Nuremberg Code and the Nuremberg Trial
Authors: Jay Katz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The Nuremberg Code includes 10 principles to guide physician-investigators in experiments involving human subjects. These principles, particularly the first principle on "voluntary consent," primarily were based on legal concepts because medical codes of ethics existent at the time of the Nazi atrocities did not address consent and other safeguards for human subjects. The US judges who presided over the proceedings did not intend the Code to apply only to the case before them, to be a response to the atrocities committed by the Nazi physicians, or to be inapplicable to research as it is customarily carried on in medical institutions. Instead, a careful reading of the judgment suggests that they wrote the Code for the practice of human experimentation whenever it is being conducted.
Age-Gender Influence on the Rate-Corrected QT Interval and the QT-Heart Rate Relation in Families With Genotypically Characterized Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Michael H Lehmann, Katherine W Timothy, Debra Frankovich, Barbara S Fromm, Mark Keating, Emanuela H Locati, R.Thomas Taggart, PhD, Jeffrey A Towbin, Arthur J Moss, Peter J Schwartz, G.Michael Vincent
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Folate and vitamin B12 in epilepsy.
Authors: J. W. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Ban= 119 chore unlikely to be undertaken readily by general practitioners.Again, if it were undertaken, the number of specimens would be such as to swamp all available laboratory facilities (possibly something like 17,000 specimens would need to be obtained, trans- mitted, and examined in the laboratory each day throughout the United Kingdom).The introduction of convenient media for semiquantitative bacterial counts could help to cut this volume of work by about one third if the new technique allowed for incubation and reading on the practice premises; the Positives and doubtful positives only would be transmitted to the laboratory.There is nothing mystical about the technique, and personal experience supports the contention that it is well within the capability of a practice sister or other suitably trained worker.Three requirements must be met for this change in primary medical care to come about:Equipment: the commercially available media and a simple incubator would need to be readily available to all general practi- tioners who wish to use this method.Organization: including the establishing of van collection services, and better communi- cations with laboratories.Demonstration: that this method in fact raises the quality of medical care.-Iam, etc.,
Gene co-regulation by Fezf2 selects neurotransmitter identity and connectivity of corticospinal neurons
Authors: Simona Lodato, Bradley J Molyneaux, Emanuela Zuccaro, Loyal A Goff, Hsu-Hsin Chen, Wen Yuan, Alyssa Meleski, Emi Takahashi, Shaun Mahony, John L Rinn, David K Gifford, Paola Arlotta
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Carotid Bodies, Breath-Holding and Dyspnea
Authors: John L. Patterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

One of the most difficult and challenging problems in the study of the genesis of clinical symptoms has been the attempt to clarify the mechanisms of dyspnea or breathlessness. This lack of thorough understanding of the mechanisms responsible for dyspnea has been an obstacle to the most effective usage of this symptom in patient management. Nevertheless, over the past three decades certain consistent trends can be discerned in the findings of research in this field. The importance of the subject was emphasized by an international symposium held in 1965.1 Of primary importance in the analysis of dyspnea is a decision . . .
Severe Metabolic Alkalosis with Neurologic Abnormalities
Authors: Glenn D. Lubash, Burton D. Cohen, Charles W. Young, Gerald M. Silverman, Albert L. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

EXTREME degrees of hypokalemic and hypochloremic alkalosis are occasionally seen in the adult patient. The case reported below is an example of such a metabolic abnormality, the severity of which is unique in our experience. Recognition and correetion of the electrolyte imbalance, which was associated with neurologic abnormalities, spared the patient an unnecessary neurosurgical procedure.Case ReportJ.G. (B.H. 38169–57), a 42-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital in a comatose condition. He was an alcoholic and had been on a prolonged drinking spree. Four days before admission he began to vomit, and 2 days later, because this symptom persisted, . . .
Economic Sanctions and Embargoes
Authors: Natalia Ganson-Myshkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters15 August 2000Economic Sanctions and EmbargoesNatalia Ganson-Myshkin, MDNatalia Ganson-Myshkin, MDBoston, MA 02124 (Ganson-Myshkin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The articles on economic sanctions (1-3) miss the most crucial point; specifically, that they are illegal under international law. Madeleine Albright (2), a staunch defender of “international norms” and human rights, would have us believe that the United Nations or United States “does not intend to create unnecessary hardships for innocent people, especially children and infants.” Morin and Miles (3) advocate the desire to “amend the structure and application of economic sanctions … to better protect the health of all populations.” Morin and Miles are deluding themselves, and Ms. Albright is misleading the public.Woodrow Wilson disclosed ...References1. Barry M. Effect of the U.S. embargo and economic decline on health in Cuba. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:151-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Morin K, Miles SH. The health effects of economic sanctions and embargoes: the role of health professionals. Ethics and Human Rights Committee. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:158-61. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Albright MK. Economic sanctions and public health: a view from the Department of State [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:155-7. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Carter BE. International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Univ Pr; 1988:9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Natalia Ganson-Myshkin, MDAffiliations: Boston, MA 02124 (Ganson-Myshkin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Health Effects of Economic Sanctions and Embargoes: The Role of Health Professionals Karine Morin , Steven H. Miles , and Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michèle Barry Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michael Brumage Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Ken Freeland Economic Sanctions and Embargoes David P. Hickey Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Leila Richards Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Soheir A. Morsy Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Anthony F. Kirkpatrick Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Richard Garfield Metrics Cited byHumanitarian impacts of economic sanctions on Iran and Syria 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 311KeywordsChildrenFoodGlobal healthHealth economicsInfantsNutritionPopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Follicle-stimulating hormone is secreted more irregularly than luteinizing hormone in both humans and sheep.
Authors: S M Pincus, V Padmanabhan, W Lemon, J Randolph, A Rees Midgley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Recently introduced statistical tools capable of discerning differences between the pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and that of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could be valuable in understanding ovulation and menopause, and ultimately in making diagnostic decisions and treating infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome. We assessed the validity and scope of the hypothesis that FSH is secreted more irregularly than LH in ewes and fertile women. We compared secretory irregularity of LH to that of FSH in both ovariectomized ewes (n = 7) and women of proven fertility (n = 5) during the follicular and luteal phases of their reproductive cycles. In each sheep, time series from both hypophyseal portal blood (HPB) and peripheral blood were evaluated in 72 samples obtained every 5 min; in each human, both luteal and follicular periods were studied in 192 samples obtained every 7.5 min. To quantify serial irregularity, we used approximate entropy (ApEn), a scale- and model-independent statistic. FSH secretion was consistently more irregular than that of LH in each subject. For sheep HPB, ApEn(FSH) = 1.415+/-0.097 was larger than ApEn(LH) = 0. 822+/-0.213, P < 0.0001 (mean+/-SD, paired t test). This difference persisted peripherally: ApEn(FSHper) = 1.431+/-0.101 > ApEn(LHper) = 1.252+/-0.086, P = 0.024. In women, ApEn(FSH) = 1.467+/-0.217 > ApEn(LH) = 0.923+/- 0.305, P < 0.0001. ApEn(FSH) > ApEn(LH) in 100% of women (peripheral) and sheep HPB. Secretion during the follicular phase was more irregular than during the luteal phase for both FSH and LH (P < 0.01). LH mean level secretion showed a wake/sleep difference in women, P < 0.005, with higher values awake. The consistency and statistical significance of these findings suggest that this LH/FSH difference may be broadly based within higher mammals. Ranges of normative and abnormal regularity values of LH, FSH, and their difference can be used in a number of settings, both (currently) research and (potentially ultimately) clinical milieus.