tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Radioisotope Myocardial Perfusion Patterns in Dogs
Authors: ANTHONY A. CIBULSKI, ANGEL MARKOV, PATRICK H. LEHAN, JAMES R. GALYEAN, ROBERT O. SMITH, WILLIAM M. FLOWERS, HARPER K. HELLEMS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A retrograde coronary vein injection technique for concentrating radioisotope in ischemic myocardial regions was evaluated in dogs. Potassium-43 in saline solution was injected into the coronary veins during complete closure of the coronary sinus. In the presence of coronary inflow obstruction, the venous potassium-43 was distributed mainly to the low pressure vessels in ischemic heart regions; i.e., the ratio of potassium-43 in the occluded-to-unoccluded areas ranged from 2:1 to 3:1 thirty seconds after retrograde injections. Krypton-85 in saline solution was injected under pressure into the coronary veins during partial closure of the coronary sinus. In the presence of inflow obstruction, the ratio of krypton-85 in the occluded- to-unoccluded areas ranged from 4:1 to 6:1 sixty seconds after retrograde injections; larger ratios may be expected after rapid washout of gas from the normally perfused region is nearly complete. Myocardial potassium-43 imaging techniques were applied to locate and measure the size of the ischemic heart region as a radioisotopic hot spot. Detection of hypoperfused areas of extremely small size may be accomplished by this technique.
Wilhelm His, Jr.
Authors: Walter K. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In your biographical sketch on Wilhelm His, Jr. (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:453 [Feb 8] 1964) you pointed out that he was a great lover of music and skilled on the violin. On his bookplate one of the putti is playing the violin indeed, but His's instrument, on which he performed like a professional in regular quartet evenings at home, was the violoncello.
The Low Incidence of Fracture of the Hip in the Negro
Authors: Michael Gyepes
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE RELATIVELY high or low incidence in certain races of diseases not obviously hereditary has been observed for many years. The basis for such selectivity has usually been unexplained. This report presents a statistical study which indicates that a traumatic lesion, fracture of the hip, also exhibits remarkable racial selectivity. This study of the relative incidence of fracture of the hip in white and Negro patients was prompted by the observation of Mr. Leo Shapiro, an x-ray technician of long experience, who noted that fracture of the hip was infrequently seen in the Negro. To determine the accuracy of this observation 3 statistical analyses of patients with fracture of the hip treated at the Kings County Hospital Center were carried out (table). In a preliminary survey a series of patients was selected at random from among patients admitted with fracture of the hip during 1959. Of 72 such individuals only
Mutants, hyperlipoproteinaemia, and coronary artery disease.
Authors: L M Dalderup
Journal: BMJ (1971)

771anterior muscle showed on histological examination extensive "vacuolar myopathy."Three months after stopping chloroquine the patient recovered the use of her legs; a second muscle biopsy showed an increased number of intact muscle fibres and almost complete disappearance of myopathic vacuoles.Unfortunately, owing to extensive damage of her retina by chloroquine, she obtained only slight visual improvement.Detectable amounts of chloroquine have been found in urine, red blood cells, and plasma of patients with chloroquine retinopathy for as long as five years after stopping the drug,2 and in experimental animals, such as albino rats, chloroquine was found to be present in the retina 14 months after stopping the administration of the drug.3In a large series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low doses of chloroquine for one to nine years, 10%' of patients were found to develop characteristic chloroquine corneal deposits.4Thus the use of even small doses of chloroquine for long periods of time cannot be recommended with confidence.-Iam, etc.
Efferent Vagal Nerve Stimulation Protects Heart Against Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias by Preserving Connexin43 Protein
Authors: Motonori Ando, Rajesh G. Katare, Yoshihiko Kakinuma, Dongmei Zhang, Fumiyasu Yamasaki, Kazuyo Muramoto, Takayuki Sato
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Myocardial ischemia (MI) leads to derangements in cellular electrical stability and the generation of lethal arrhythmias. Vagal nerve stimulation has been postulated to contribute to the antifibrillatory effect. Here, we suggest a novel mechanism for the antiarrhythmogenic properties of vagal stimulation during acute MI. Methods and Results— Under anesthesia, Wistar rats underwent 30 minutes of left coronary artery (LCA) ligation with vagal stimulation (MI-VS group, n=11) and with sham stimulation (MI-SS group, n=12). Eight of the 12 rats in the MI-SS group had ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) during 30-minute LCA ligation; on the other hand, VT occurred in only 1 of the 11 rats in the MI-VS group (67% versus 9%, respectively). Atropine administration abolished the antiarrhythmogenic effect of vagal stimulation. Immunoblotting revealed that the MI-SS group showed a marked reduction in the amount of phosphorylated connexin43 (Cx43), whereas the MI-VS group showed only a slight reduction compared with the sham operation and sham stimulation group (37±20% versus 79±18%). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the MI-induced loss of Cx43 from intercellular junctions was prevented by vagal stimulation. In addition, studies with rat primary-cultured cardiomyocytes demonstrated that acetylcholine effectively prevented the hypoxia-induced loss of phosphorylated Cx43 and ameliorated the loss of cell-to-cell communication as determined by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer assay, which supports the in vivo results. Conclusions— Vagal nerve stimulation exerts antiarrhythmogenic effects accompanied by prevention of the loss of phosphorylated Cx43 during acute MI and thus plays a critical role in improving ischemia-induced electrical instability.
1108 COMBINATION THERAPY WITH TELMISARTAN AND PROPRANOLOL PREVENTS DETERIORATION OF LIVER HISTOLOGY IN THE PSC-LIKE ABCB4 KNOCKOUT MOUSE MODEL
Authors: S. Mende, S. Schulte, I. Strack, M. Odenthal, H. Varnholt, H.-P. Dienes, H.-M. Steffen, T. Goeser, U. Toex
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Amelioration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in angiotensinogen gene knockout mice
Authors: Y Inokuchi
Journal: Gut (2005)

A number of recent studies have demonstrated a protective effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) antagonism against immune mediated diseases such as myocarditis, chronic allograft rejection, and antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis. To our knowledge, there has been no report on the immunological contribution of the RAS in colonic tissue.
Reducing Indoor Air Pollution
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Carbohydrates for Lowering Plasma Cholesterol
Authors: Scott M Grundy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To examine the effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, 11 patients with a mean plasma total cholesterol level of 251 +/- 10 mg per deciliter were studied on a metabolic ward during three dietary periods, each lasting four weeks. A liquid diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids ("High-Mono") and a diet low in fat ("Low-Fat") were compared with a diet high in saturated fatty acids ("High-Sat"). The High-Sat and High-Mono diets contained 40 percent of their total calories as fat and 43 percent as carbohydrate; the Low-Fat diet had 20 percent fat and 63 percent carbohydrate. Body weight was kept constant by adjusting total caloric intake. As compared with the High-Sat diet, both the High-Mono and Low-Fat diets lowered plasma total cholesterol (by 13 percent and 8 percent, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 21 percent and 15 percent, respectively). As compared with the High-Sat diet, the Low-Fat diet raised triglyceride levels and significantly reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, the High-Mono diet had no effect on levels of triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also significantly lower when the High-Mono diet rather than the Low-Fat diet was followed. Therefore, in short-term studies in which liquid diets are used and body weight is kept constant, a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids appears to be at least as effective in lowering plasma cholesterol as a diet low in fat and high in carbohydrate.
STUDIES ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THYMUS-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: J. J. T. Owen, M. C. Raff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The development pathway from embryonic thymus-stem cell to peripheral thymus-derived lymphocyte has been demonstrated using the alloantigens theta (theta) and TL as surface markers of cell differentiation. On the basis of cytotoxicity tests carried out on CBA.H or A embryo thymus cultured in diffusion chambers and on CBA.H embryo thymus grafts and peripheral lymphocytes derived from them in AKR hosts, it has been concluded that two differentiation stages take place during the maturation of thymus-derived cells, namely a first step from stem cell to thymocyte and a second step from thymocyte to peripheral lymphocyte.
Invasive Aspergillosis Mimicking Stage IIIA Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer on FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: MARK D. WILKINSON, MICHAEL J. FULHAM, BRIAN C. MCCAUGHAN, CHRIS J. CONSTABLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

WILKINSON, MARK D. M.B.CH.B.; FULHAM, MICHAEL J. F.R.A.C.P.; MCCAUGHAN, BRIAN C. F.R.A.C.S.; CONSTABLE, CHRIS J. B.APP.SC. Author Information
Detection of Lipid Core Coronary Plaques in Autopsy Specimens With a Novel Catheter-Based Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System
Authors: Craig M. Gardner, Huwei Tan, Edward L. Hull, Jennifer B. Lisauskas, Stephen T. Sum, Thomas M. Meese, Chunsheng Jiang, Sean P. Madden, Jay D. Caplan, Allen P. Burke, Renu Virmani, James Goldstein, James E. Muller
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Waiting times in British casualty departments remain too long
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Some critically ill patients have to wait more than 20 hours in cubicles or on trolleys before being admitted to hospital, according to a recent “snapshot survey” of patients in accident and emergency departments in Great Britain.

Researchers from the Association of Community Health Councils visited accident and emergency departments at 194 hospitals in England, Scotland, and Wales at 16 30 on Monday 25 January to ask staff how long patients had been there. The longest wait for a bed on …
The high-affinity human IgG receptor FcγRI (CD64) promotes IgG-mediated inflammation, anaphylaxis, and antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: David A. Mancardi, Marcello Albanesi, Friederike Jönsson, Bruno Iannascoli, Nico Van Rooijen, Xiaoqiang Kang, Patrick England, Marc Daëron, Pierre Bruhns
Journal: Blood (2013)
Demystifying trial networks and network meta-analysis
Authors: E. J. Mills, K. Thorlund, J. P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Networks of randomized clinical trials can be evaluated in the context of a network meta-analysis, a procedure that permits inferences into the comparative effectiveness of interventions that may or may not have been evaluated directly against each other. This approach is quickly gaining popularity among clinicians and guideline decision makers. However, certain methodological aspects are poorly understood. Here, we explain the geometry of a network, statistical and conceptual heterogeneity and incoherence, and challenges in the application and interpretation of data synthesis. These concepts are essential to make sense of a network meta-analysis.
GP practice shed vulnerable elderly patients to save money, NHS probe finds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A GP practice run by one of the most vocal supporters of the UK government’s health reforms removed older and disabled care home patients from its list for financial reasons, an NHS investigation has found.

Churchill Medical Centre in Kingston, Surrey, has been found in breach of contract by NHS South West London after delisting 48 patients at Kingston Care Home last year “predominantly for financial reasons.”

Charles Alessi, a prominent supporter of the NHS reforms and chair of the National Association of Primary Care, was senior partner at Churchill until he retired at the end of March after 26 years. In June last year, according to documents obtained by the Surrey Comet …
Effect of intrabronchially instilled amosite on lavagable lung and pleural cells.
Authors: G Oberdoerster, J Ferin, N L Marcello, S H Meinhold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Rats were instilled intrabronchially with 1 mg UICC amosite suspended in 0.2 mL of filtered saline; control animals received the saline instillation only. Five animals from each group were killed on various days after instillation, up to day 128/129. Total retrieved cell counts and differential cell analysis were performed from lung and pleural lavages. In particular, the appearance of peroxidase-positive macrophages (PPM) as indicators of newly arrived macrophages was investigated. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and PPMs in lung lavages increased in number 24 hr after amosite instillation and remained at increased levels until day 62. Alveolar macrophage numbers were significantly decreased after amosite instillation. There was only a very transient increase of PPMs and PMNs in the saline group. The number of PPMs in pleural lavage fluid was already increased 24 hr after amosite instillation. The pleural PPM increase was sustained throughout the study. No pleural reaction was seen in the saline instilled group. The inflammatory reactions indicated by the composition of the lavaged cells of the lung represent the in vivo toxicity of intrabronchially instilled amosite. The stimulus for recruitment of PMNs and PPMs is different, since no PMN response was detected in the pleural space. It is suggested that the response of the pleural PPMs is caused by the early arrival of fibers at the pleural sites, which results in the recruitment of PPMs to this space by an unknown mechanism.
Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in outcome similar to that of first HSCT for patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: A Yoshimi, M Mohamed, M Bierings, C Urban, E Korthof, M Zecca, K-W Sykora, U Duffner, M Trebo, S Matthes-Martin, P Sedlacek, T Klingebiel, P Lang, M Führer, A Claviez, W Wössmann, A Pession, J Arvidson, A S O'Marcaigh, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, J Starý, H Hasle, P Nöllke, F Locatelli, C M Niemeyer
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Effect of hyperketonemia on plasma lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic patients.
Authors: S K Jain, R McVie, R Jackson, S N Levine, G Lim
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to examine the effect of ketosis on plasma lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) and ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) were determined in diabetic patients (n = 70) and age-matched normal volunteers (n = 25). Diabetic patients with total ketone body levels &amp;gt; 1.0 mmol/l were considered hyperketonemic, and those with levels &amp;lt; or = 1.0 mmol/l were considered normoketonemic. RESULTS: After normalization versus total lipids, levels of lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the plasma of hyperketonemic diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not in normoketonemic diabetic patients, compared with age-matched normal volunteers. In addition, low ketonemia was associated with lower lipid peroxidation levels when lipid peroxidation and ketonemia were determined in the same patient (n = 7) at two different clinic visits. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated an association between hyperketonemia and increased lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic patients, which suggests that ketosis is a risk factor in the elevated lipid peroxidation levels associated with diabetes. Further investigation is needed to determine whether antioxidant supplementation can be particularly beneficial in reducing lipid peroxidation and complications in type 1 diabetic patients who frequently encounter ketosis.
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY AS A SPECIALTY.The President's Address, delivered before the American Orthopedic Association at Washington, D. C., Sept. 22, 1891.
Authors: A. B. JUDSON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

A flourishing medical society sometimes divides into Sections. It is an involuntary process, or at least one to which the members are forced by the necessity of thoroughly accomplishing the objects of the society. The process may be called an analysis. In the present instance, however, if I understand the organization of the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, we have a synthesis. A number of societies voluntarily combine to secure ends which were not contemplated at the beginning of each. A division of labor having been made, according to which each society has its special work to do, it is proper and useful for the societies to meet together for co-operation. Let us, therefore, briefly consider some of the salient features which mark our specialty of orthopedic surgery. A better knowledge of ourselves will put us in more quick relation with other workers, both general and special, and enable
FcεRI engagement of Langerhans cell–like dendritic cells and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell–like dendritic cells induces chemotactic signals and different T-cell phenotypes in vitro☆
Authors: Natalija Novak, Rudolf Valenta, Barbara Bohle, Sylvia Laffer, Jörg Haberstok, Stefan Kraft, Thomas Bieber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Direct Evidence for a Crucial Role of the Arterial Wall in Control of Atherosclerosis Susceptibility
Authors: Hong Pei, Yinong Wang, Toru Miyoshi, Zhimin Zhang, Alan H. Matsumoto, Gregory A. Helm, George Tellides, Weibin Shi
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) exhibit marked differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility. We sought to determine whether the difference in atherosclerosis susceptibility resides at the level of arterial walls.Thoracic aortic segments from 8-week-old female B6 and C3H apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were transplanted into the infrarenal aorta of 10-week-old female F1 mice. After transplantation, recipients were maintained on a chow diet for 16 weeks. The donor aortic segments of B6 mice developed significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions than those of C3H (44,983+/-11,702 versus 5600+/-4885 microm2 per section; P=0.011). Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 by endothelial cells was examined both in vitro and in vivo. B6 mice expressed significantly more VCAM-1 than their C3H counterparts. Sequence analysis of VCAM-1 cDNA revealed a nucleotide difference in the coding region that resulted in substitution of an amino acid in the protein product.These data provide direct proof that factors operating in the vessel wall, particularly endothelial cells, can serve as atherosclerosis modifiers and suggest a possibility for the contribution of VCAM-1 to atherosclerosis susceptibility.
New treatment regimens help children with malignant lymphoma
Authors: John F. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Improved remission rates and long-term disease-free survival in some children with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may now be expected. That is the indication, at least, from reports presented by investigators from several cancer centers at the Second International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, held in Lugano, Switzerland. <h3>Only Time Will Tell</h3> Although the studies reported at the Lugano conference strongly indicate that extremely high remission rates and apparent long-term survival can be achieved in pediatric patients with lymphomas, using regimens designed to reduce the potential late effects of treatment (leukemia, sterility, and cardiac problems), most participants agree that only time will tell if the new methods really achieve that end. For example, Eli Glatstein, MD, of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md, said that, in the treatment of pediatric lymphomas, it is still not clear whether the obvious benefits of cure at the present time will be clouded by other
Asthma management: Reinventing the wheel in sickle cell disease
Authors: Claudia R. Morris
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract Asthma is a common comorbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD) with a reported prevalence of 30–70%. The high frequency of asthma in this population cannot be attributed to genetic predisposition alone, and likely reflects in part, the contribution of overlapping mechanisms shared between these otherwise distinct disorders. There is accumulating evidence that dysregulated arginine metabolism and in particular, elevated arginase activity contributes to pulmonary complications in SCD. Derangements of arginine metabolism are also emerging as newly appreciated mechanism in both asthma and pulmonary hypertension independent of SCD. Patients with SCD may potentially be at risk for an asthma‐like condition triggered or worsened by hemolysis‐driven release of erythrocyte arginase and low nitric oxide bioavailability, in addition to classic familial asthma. Mechanisms that contributed to asthma are complex and multifactorial, influenced by genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental and infectious triggers. Given the association of asthma with inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxemia, factors known to contribute to a vasculopathy in SCD, and the consequences of these factors on sickle erythrocytes, comorbid asthma would likely contribute to a vicious cycle of sickling and subsequent complications of SCD. Indeed a growing body of evidence documents what should come as no surprise: Asthma in SCD is associated with acute chest syndrome, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and early mortality, and should therefore be aggressively managed based on established National Institutes of Health Guidelines for asthma management. Barriers to appropriate asthma management in SCD are discussed as well as strategies to overcome these obstacles in order to provide optimal care. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.