tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unusual Cytogenetic Changes in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia in Blast Crisis: Hyperdiploid and Two Ph′ Chromosomes.
Authors: William H. Knospe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Unusual Cytogenetic Changes in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia in Blast Crisis: Hyperdiploid and Two Ph′ Chromosomes.William H. KnospeWilliam H. KnospeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1165_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe only consistent cytogenetic abnormality heretofore described among the human leukemias has been the Ph′ chromosome of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Several previous reports have described hyperdiploid cell lines with two Ph1 chromosomes.Case 1, a 25-year-old man, developed chronic granulocytic leukemia after a 5-month illness. He responded poorly to busulfan, and his course was complicated by massive painful lymphadenopathy and blast crisis. A lymph node biopsy section was initially interpreted as reticulum cell sarcoma but later revised to infiltration by primitive granulocytes. The granulocytes had a clonal line of 52 chromosomes including two Ph′ chromosomes. Lymphocytes from blood and lymph... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MC Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1165-1165KeywordsBiopsyBloodChromosomesCytogeneticsGranulocytesLymphLymph nodesLymphocytesSarcoma Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Poker Players' Pneumonia
Authors: Joanne M. Langley, Thomas J. Marrie, A. Covert, David M. Waag, Jim C. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Q FEVER, a zoonosis caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii, is endemic in many parts of the world. Cattle, sheep, and goats are the primary animal reservoirs of infection.1 Humans become infected after inhalation of aerosols contaminated by C. burnetii.1 In Nova Scotia, Q fever is endemic in rural areas, accounting for up to 20 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization.2 Q fever has been associated with exposure to products of feline parturition3 and with skinning wild rabbits.4 We report an outbreak of Q fever that occurred between March 5 and 16, 1987, among 12 adult . . .
Health and Safety Issues for Travelers Attending the World Cup and Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brazil, 2014 to 2016
Authors: Joanna Gaines, Mark J. Sotir, Timothy J. Cunningham, Kira A. Harvey, C. Virginia Lee, Rhett J. Stoney, Mark D. Gershman, Gary W. Brunette, Phyllis E. Kozarsky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Travelers from around the globe will attend the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup and the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brazil. Travelers to these mass gathering events may be exposed to a range of health risks, including a variety of infectious diseases. Most travelers who become ill will present to their primary care physicians, and thus it is important that clinicians are aware of the risks their patients encountered.
The lesser known effects of statins
Authors: Reimar W Thomsen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Statins reduce the risk of vascular events and are also cost effective.1 In recent years, non-randomised studies have linked statins with a list of biologically diverse actions, indicating that statins have pleiotropic effects.2 3 For severe infections—such as pneumonia, sepsis, or bacteraemia—at least six studies have linked statin use with decreased (to one third or less in some reports) risks of severe sepsis or death; this has caused great excitement among infectious disease and intensive care physicians.4 5 

In this issue of the BMJ , Majumdar and colleagues report outcomes in 3415 Canadian patients with community acquired pneumonia.6 They found that statins slightly reduced the risk of in-hospital mortality or admission to intensive care (crude relative risk 0.80). However, statin users may be “healthy users,” because younger, healthier, better educated, and socioeconomically more privileged people may be more likely to receive preventive treatments than less privileged frail people.7 After controlling for measures of the “healthy user” effect (including up to date immunisations, quitting smoking, and …
Abnormal Ventilation-Perfusion Scan due to Swallowed DTP A Aerosol and a Paralyzed Hemidiaphragm
Authors: IRIS KOLLA, DAVID HOLT, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A case of ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to swallowed DTPA aerosol and a paralyzed hemidiaphragm is shown as a potential source of error in the evaluation of pulmonary embolus. This case emphasizes the importance of radiograph correlation in the interpretation of ventilation- perfusion images.
Lung scanning in carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: R. H. S. Walker, J. L. Provan, J. A. Jackson, J. Goodwin
Journal: Thorax (1971)

The lung scans of 101 patients with carcinoma of the bronchus have been compared with the bronchoscopic and radiographic findings. As the tumour approaches the hilum as judged by bronchoscopy or the chest radiograph the relative perfusion of the affected lung decreases. When the relative perfusion of the affected lung is less than one third of the total the tumour is likely to be inoperable. The reduction in perfusion is related to involvement of the vessels in the hilum by tumour and to a lesser extent to bronchial obstruction. Defects in perfusion in the unaffected lung were seen in 53 patients and were usually due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema or inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. In the management of patients with carcinoma of the bronchus lung scans are of value in predicting when a tumour is likely to be inoperable and also in giving an indication as to whether a pneumonectomy or lobectomy will be possible. In addition, defects in the contralateral lung may be sufficiently large to contraindicate surgery.
Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: ROBERT C. YOUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Corrections1 February 1974Therapy for Hodgkin's DiseaseROBERT C. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P., VINCENT T. DEVITA JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.ROBERT C. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, VINCENT T. DEVITA JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-2-274 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Southwest Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group's article on the chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with mechlorethamine, vincristine [Oncovin®], procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) (Ann Intern Med79:376-382, 1973) confirms many of our initial observations: complete remission rates with MOPP (1) ; the compromise contributed by previous chemotherapy (2); the good response to MOPP after previous radiotherapy (3); the long, disease-free period after complete remission with MOPP; and the long-term, disease-free survival after such treatment (4). Although the authors stress the benefits of maintenance therapy, their study also confirms the lack of benefit this therapy has on the survival...References1. DEVITASERPICKCARBONE VAP: Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Ann Intern Med 73:881-895, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LOWENBRAUNDEVITASERPICK SVA: Combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone in previously treated patients with Hodgkin's disease. Blood 36:704-717, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CANELLOSYOUNGDEVITA GRV: Combination chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse following extensive radiotherapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 13:750-753, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DEVITACANELLOSMOXLEY VGJ: A decade of combination chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 30:1495-1504, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. YOUNGCANELLOSCHABNER RGB: Maintenance chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease in remission. Lancet 1:1339-1343, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medicine Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone with CCNU and vinblastine maintenance for advanced Hodgkin's diseaseComparison of lymphangiograms and gallium scans in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomasCombined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease.An alternative program to MOPP 1 February 1974Volume 80, Issue 2Page: 274-275KeywordsCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentChemotherapyDisease free survivalHodgkin lymphomaMechlorethamineProcarbazine Issue Published: 1 February 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Can facility-based delivery boost infant vaccinations? The long-term effect of facility delivery in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cheryl A Moyer, Dana Benyas, Sarah Rominski
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundIn the developing world, facility-based delivery has been linked to improved outcomes for both mothers and babies in the period immediately surrounding birth. Facility-based delivery has also been linked to an increased likelihood of childhood immunisation in at least one sub-Saharan African nation, even when factors associated with facility-based delivery and immunisation are controlled. We sought to determine if such an association held true when looking across all of sub-Saharan Africa and controlling for economic development indicators as well.MethodsWe collected publicly available, country-specific data from WHO, the UN, Demographic and Health Surveys, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund for all nations of sub-Saharan Africa and entered them into an Excel spreadsheet. Data were imported into Stata 11·0 for analysis. Correlation coefficients were calculated, and regression analysis was done to determine the relation between facility-based delivery and immunisation status in sub-Saharan Africa. A p value of 0·10 was considered significant.FindingsFacility-based delivery rates were significantly associated with the percentage of children younger than 1 years who were fully vaccinated (Pearson R 0·32, p=0·060) and vaccinated with BCG immunisation (0·44, p=0·002), but not with other immunisations. When looking at predictors of full vaccination in a multivariate regression model, facility-based delivery was associated with full vaccination (p<0·0001), even after controlling for gross national income per head, percentage of the country's population that resides in an urban setting, and percentage of the population with at least a secondary education (β coefficient 0·71, 95% CI 0·34–1·0). When looking at predictors of BCG immunisation, facility-based delivery was significantly associated with BCG vaccination (p=0·015), even after controlling for gross national income per head, percentage of the population in an urban setting, and percentage of the population with a secondary education (β coefficient 0·25, 95% CI 0·05–0·45).InterpretationFacility-based delivery is associated with increased likelihood of BCG immunisation and full immunisation for children younger than 1 year in sub-Saharan Africa. This relation is robust enough to remain even after controlling for economic and social indicators that might be linked to both. These results suggest that the benefits of facility-based delivery go beyond the immediate survival benefit for mothers and their babies, and might serve as a gateway to further interactions with the health-care system.FundingNone.
Complete weaning off immunosuppression in HCV liver transplant recipients is feasible and favourably impacts on the progression of disease recurrence
Authors: Giuseppe Tisone, Giuseppe Orlando, Andrea Cardillo, Giampiero Palmieri, Tommaso Maria Manzia, Leonardo Baiocchi, Raffaella Lionetti, Alessandro Anselmo, Luca Toti, Mario Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Leg Scanning and Hip Surgery-Reply
Authors: Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  As Dr Sautter states, others apparently have shared our difficulties in understanding his reported data. We assume their interpretations, like ours, followed careful reading of his article. Even on rereading it now, we have difficulties, so we appreciate his clarifying comments as to what he actually found.  We do, however, stand by our statement that one must be cautious in assessing any study in which leg blind spot is not specified, because this could lead automatically to false-negatives. There are examples in the literature of such a sequence.  As to lysis of venous thrombi between the time of the scan and the phlebogram, we note that Dr Sautter's patients averaged four days between procedures. Presumably, then, some patients were studied substantially beyond four days. Dr Sautter may not think venous thrombus resolution is reasonable during a period of four-plus days. However, it can occur. We do agree that
New Functional Concept of Valvular Mechanics in Normal and Diseased Aortic Valves
Authors: PAUL D. STEIN, WILLIAM A. MUNTER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The orifice area of the functioning aortic valve was measured roentgenographically and related to flow across the valve in 27 patients (12 with normal valves). The orifice area of normal valves was linearly related to stroke index and to left ventricular ejection rate. Less than half of the cross-sectional area of the valve was utilized in most patients during the resting state. A larger percentage of the anatomical cross-sectional area was utilized during states of higher flow. Cinematographic studies of porcine valves in vitro showed a comparable flow-dependent orifice size. These results suggest the concept of a functional or physiologic cross-sectional area of the aortic valvular orifice. The anatomic cross-sectional area may be restricted without impingement upon the functional cross-sectional area in states in which flow across the valve is low.
Knife Wound of the Neck, with Transection of the Esophagus and Contralateral Hemopneumothorax
Authors: Ronald A. Malt, John M. Head, Richard H. Sweet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE puzzle created for the student of anatomy by the intimate relations of important structures in the neck has its parallel in clinical medicine when an apparently localized cervical lesion wreaks extensive, bilateral damage. This is a report of such a case.Case ReportA knife dislodged from his father's workbench fell on a 5-year-old boy playing below and penetrated the left side of his neck. Shortly after the accident, drenched with blood and in shock, the patient was seen at the South Shore Hospital, South Weymouth, Massachusetts, by Dr. George F. Emerson. Transfusions and intravenous infusions of fluids increased . . .
The Alma Sanitarium and Dr. Butler.
Authors: Geo. F. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, Nov. 11, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As former medical superintendent of the Alma Springs Sanitarium, Alma, Mich., I desire emphatically to deny certain reports to the effect that there were unpleasant and unsatisfactory relations existing between the sanitarium company and myself. I have nothing but commendable words to say of the institution, its management and of Dr. Raymond C. Turck, its present medical superintendent and business manager. He is a well-qualified physician and surgeon, and the institution is everything that is claimed for it.
Quacks: Fakers and Charlatans in English Medicine
Authors: Tim Stokes
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Roy Porter 

Tempus, £19.99, pp 256

ISBN: 0 7524 1776 2

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Quacks first appeared in 1989 with the more precise title Health for Sale: Quackery in England 1650-1850 . This reissue of a classic work greatly benefits from being illustrated with an extensive series of monochrome and coloured contemporary prints. Quackery, after all, was a highly visual art.

The 17th century definition of a quack as someone who “pretends to have medical skill or knowledge” is pejorative and remains in common use. …

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Regulation of the Human Cardiac Mitochondrial Ca <sup>2+</sup> Uptake by 2 Different Voltage-Gated Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels
Authors: Guido Michels, Ismail F. Khan, Jeannette Endres-Becker, Dennis Rottlaender, Stefan Herzig, Arjang Ruhparwar, Thorsten Wahlers, Uta C. Hoppe
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Impairment of intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function has been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake is thought to be mediated by the Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) and a thus far speculative non-MCU pathway. However, the identity and properties of these pathways are a matter of intense debate, and possible functional alterations in diseased states have remained elusive. Methods and Results— By patch clamping the inner membrane of mitochondria from nonfailing and failing human hearts, we have identified 2 previously unknown Ca 2+ -selective channels, referred to as mCa1 and mCa2. Both channels are voltage dependent but differ significantly in gating parameters. Compared with mCa2 channels, mCa1 channels exhibit a higher single-channel amplitude, shorter openings, a lower open probability, and 3 to 5 subconductance states. Similar to the MCU, mCa1 is inhibited by 200 nmol/L ruthenium 360, whereas mCa2 is insensitive to 200 nmol/L ruthenium 360 and reduced only by very high concentrations (10 μmol/L). Both mitochondrial Ca 2+ channels are unaffected by blockers of other possibly Ca 2+ -conducting mitochondrial pores but were activated by spermine (1 mmol/L). Notably, activity of mCa1 and mCa2 channels is decreased in failing compared with nonfailing heart conditions, making them less effective for Ca 2+ uptake and likely Ca 2+ -induced metabolism. Conclusions— Thus, we conclude that the human mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake is mediated by these 2 distinct Ca 2+ channels, which are functionally impaired in heart failure. Current properties reveal that the mCa1 channel underlies the human MCU and that the mCa2 channel is responsible for the ruthenium red–insensitive/low-sensitivity non-MCU–type mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake.
Number of gun related suicides in Austria has fallen since tightening of gun controls
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of homicides and suicides involving firearms has fallen dramatically in Austria since gun control laws were tightened in 1997, concludes a study in the British Journal of Psychiatry (2007;191:253-7).

In 1997 the Austrian government tightened its legislation on firearms in line with a European Council directive on controlling the acquisition and possession of weapons.

The study also found that the fall in the number of firearm related suicides was not associated with an …
THE UNVEILING OF THE CELL.
Authors: LEWELLYS F. BARKER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In the kind invitation of your secretary to read a paper before this Academy, it was suggested that a subject of general interest be chosen rather than one involving a very technical description of some single especial research. On thinking over the few topics upon which I might with fairness venture to address you, it occurred to me that perhaps one dealing with the newer knowledge of the cell might be as acceptable as any. I have decided to ask you, therefore, to permit me during the next half hour or more, to place before you some examples illustrating the trend of cellular research, to outline to you a few of the results thus far attained, and to indicate along what lines of investigation work is likely to proceed in yielding us the discoveries that the near future has to reveal. I may be permitted to say in the beginning
Current Understanding of the Role of Complement in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Nicolas Maillard, Robert J. Wyatt, Bruce A. Julian, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Ali Gharavi, Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi, Jan Novak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Complement activation has a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic immune complexes consisting of galactose-deficient IgA1 bound by antiglycan antibodies. Of three complement-activation pathways, the alternative and lectin pathways are involved in IgA nephropathy. IgA1 can activate both pathways in vitro, and pathway components are present in the mesangial immunodeposits, including properdin and factor H in the alternative pathway and mannan-binding lectin, mannan–binding lectin–associated serine proteases 1 and 2, and C4d in the lectin pathway. Genome–wide association studies identified deletion of complement factor H–related genes 1 and 3 as protective against the disease. Because the corresponding gene products compete with factor H in the regulation of the alternative pathway, it has been hypothesized that the absence of these genes could lead to more potent inhibition of complement by factor H. Complement activation can take place directly on IgA1–containing immune complexes in circulation and/or after their deposition in the mesangium. Notably, complement factors and their fragments may serve as biomarkers of IgA nephropathy in serum, urine, or renal tissue. A better understanding of the role of complement in IgA nephropathy may provide potential targets and rationale for development of complement-targeting therapy of the disease.
A double-blind randomized trial of adefovir dipivoxil in Chinese subjects with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: MinDe Zeng, YiMin Mao, GuangBi Yao, Hao Wang, JinLin Hou, YaoZong Wang, Beulah N. Ji, Chai-Ni P. Chang, Keith F. Barker
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Four hundred and eighty Chinese subjects with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg once daily. There was a significant difference in reduction of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA after 12 weeks between subjects who received ADV and those who received the placebo (3.4 and 0.1 log10 copies/mL, respectively, P &lt; .001). Further reductions in serum HBV DNA and increases in the proportion of subjects with an HBV DNA level of at most 105 copies/mL, with HBV DNA undetectable, and with ALT normalization were observed in ADV-treated subjects at week 52 (median HBV DNA reduction of 4.5 log10 copies/mL, 67% with HBV DNA ≤ 105 copies/mL, 28% with HBV DNA undetectable, and 79% with ALT normalization). Subjects who initially received ADV lost some treatment benefit after being rerandomized to the placebo in week 40. Subjects with YMDD mutant HBV at baseline had virological, biochemical, and serological responses to treatment that were similar to those of subjects with wild-type HBV. The incidence of clinically adverse events was similar in nature and severity between the treatment groups, and there was no evidence of renal toxicity. No adefovir-related HBV mutations were identified. In conclusion , treatment with ADV 10 mg daily over 52 weeks was safe and effective in Chinese subjects with HBeAg-positive CHB and did not lead to the emergence of drug resistance. The study is continuing for an additional 4 years with all subjects on open-label ADV 10 mg daily.