tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A specific mixture of short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides induces a beneficial immunoglobulin profile in infants at high risk for allergy
Authors: E. Van Hoffen, B. Ruiter, J. Faber, L. M'Rabet, E.F. Knol, B. Stahl, S. Arslanoglu, G. Moro, G. Boehm, J. Garssen
Journal: Allergy (2008)

It has been suggested that human breast milk oligosaccharides play a role in the development of the immune system in infants, and may consequently inhibit the onset of allergy. A specific prebiotic mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS/FOS) has been shown to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) at 6 months of age in infants at risk for allergy.This study was aimed to analyze the effect of GOS/FOS on the immune response in these infants.In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study, infants received a hypoallergenic whey formula with either 8 g/l GOS/FOS in a 9 : 1 ratio (IMMUNOFORTIS) or 8 g/l maltodextrine (placebo) for 6 months. At 3 months of age, children were vaccinated with Hexavac against a.o. diphteria, tetanus, polio (DTP). At 6 months of age, plasma samples were collected from 84 infants (verum group n = 41, placebo group n = 43). Levels of total immunoglobulins (Ig) and of cow's milk protein (CMP-) and DTP-specific Ig were measured.GOS/FOS supplementation led to a significant reduction in the plasma level of total IgE, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, whereas no effect on IgG4 was observed. CMP-specific IgG1 was significantly decreased. DTP-specific Ig levels were not affected.This study shows that GOS/FOS supplementation induces a beneficial antibody profile. GOS/FOS reduces the total Ig response and modulates the immune response towards CMP, while leaving the response to vaccination intact. This suggests that oral GOS/FOS supplementation is a safe method to restrain the atopic march.
Impact of Angiogenesis Inhibition by Sunitinib on Tumor Distribution of Temozolomide
Authors: Qingyu Zhou, Ping Guo, James M. Gallo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: As combination chemotherapy of antiangiogenic agents with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs continues to evolve, an understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables associated with optimal treatment is needed. Thus, the effect of the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib on tumor distribution of temozolomide was investigated to evaluate conditions for optimal combination chemotherapy. Experimental Design: In mice bearing SF188V+ human glioma xenografts, measurements of temozolomide pharmacokinetic properties and sunitinib pharmacodynamic activities were evaluated, the latter including determinants for vascular normalization, including CD31, collagen IV, and α-SMA. Results: Sunitinib given in a daily dose of either 10 or 40 mg/kg orally over 14 days increased temozolomide tumor distribution, as indicated by the tumor-to-plasma AUC ratio compared with control; however, only the 10 mg/kg group reached statistical significance (P &amp;lt; 0.05). From the pharmacodynamic analysis, a “vascular normalization index” incorporating the microvessel density (MVD) and protein expression of α-SMA and collagen IV was proposed as an indication of the number of tumor vessels with relatively good quality, which was found to be significantly correlated with the unbound temozolomide AUC in tumor interstitial fluid (P = 0.05). Furthermore, both sunitinib-treated groups maintained the molecular balance between angiopoietins Ang-1 and Ang-2, suggesting a critical role of angiopoietins in vascular normalization. Conclusions: Several important factors relevant to the antiangiogenic agent–induced tumor vascular normalization have been identified and incorporated into a vascular normalization index that may serve to correlate the angiogenic phenotype to the distribution of cytotoxic drugs in solid tumors.
Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis of data from 21 independent prospective cohort studies
Authors: J.-S. Zheng, X.-J. Hu, Y.-M. Zhao, J. Yang, D. Li
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Retrospective record review using trigger tools remains the most widely used method for measuring adverse events (AEs) to identify targets for improvement and measure temporal trends. However, medical records often contain limited information about factors contributing to AEs. We implemented an augmented trigger tool that supplemented record review with debriefing front-line staff to obtain details not included in the medical record. We hypothesised that this would foster the identification of factors contributing to AEs that could inform improvement initiatives. <h3>Method</h3> A trained observer prospectively identified events in consecutive patients admitted to a general medical ward in a tertiary care academic medical centre (November 2010 to February 2011 inclusive), gathering information from record review and debriefing front-line staff in near real time. An interprofessional team reviewed events to identify preventable and potential AEs and characterised contributing factors using a previously published taxonomy. <h3>Results</h3> Among 141 patients, 14 (10%; 95% CI 5% to 15%) experienced at least one preventable AE; 32 patients (23%; 95% CI 16% to 30%) experienced at least one potential AE. The most common contributing factors included policy and procedural problems (eg, routine protocol violations, conflicting policies; 37%), communication and teamwork problems (34%), and medication process problems (23%). However, these broad categories each included distinct subcategories that seemed to require different interventions. For instance, the 32 identified communication and teamwork problems comprised 7 distinct subcategories (eg, ineffective intraprofessional handovers, poor interprofessional communication, lacking a shared patient care, paging problems). Thus, even the major categories of contributing factors consisted of subcategories that individually related to a much smaller subset of AEs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prospective application of an augmented trigger tool identified a wide range of factors contributing to AEs. However, the majority of contributing factors accounted for a small number of AEs, and more general categories were too heterogeneous to inform specific interventions. Successfully using trigger tools to stimulate quality improvement activities may require development of a framework that better classifies events that share contributing factors amenable to the same intervention.
Clinical Implications of Founder and Recurrent CDH1 Mutations in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kirsten N. Kangelaris, Stephen B. Gruber
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A TALE OF TWO DIFFERENT CULPRIT LESION MORPHOLOGIES IN STEMI: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANALYSIS FROM THE SMART TRIAL
Authors: Lin Wang, Guido Parodi, Akiko Maehara, Renato Valenti, Angela Migliorini, Ruben Vergara, Nazario Carrabba, Gary Mintz, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Persistent haemorrhagic ascites in generalised haemolymphangiomatosis: a therapeutic dilemma.
Authors: B Smits, E Pullicino, A Nicolson, G A Court
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Une observation d'hemorragies peritoneales repetees secondaires a une lymphangiomatose viscerale (rate), amenant une ascite sanguinolente et une anemie severe
Ghanaian midwifery students' perceptions and experiences of disrespect and abuse during childbirth
Authors: S Rominski
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundOne strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in low-income and middle-income countries is to increase the rate of deliveries in health clinics and hospitals. However, reports of disrespect and abuse of women during birth are becoming common. When women are disrespected or abused during childbirth, they are less likely to choose facility-based births in the future. We did an exploratory qualitative study to investigate midwifery students' experiences and perceptions of how women are treated during labour and delivery.MethodsFinal year midwifery students (n=160) from Ghana's 16 public midwifery training colleges were invited to participate in a focus group at their institution. Students were asked to describe disrespect and abuse of women that they had observed, and about their definitions of respectful patient care and the consequences of disrespectful and abusive practices by health-care providers. Focus groups were conducted in English by the study team, tape recorded, and transcribed verbatim.FindingsStudent midwives reported that they had seen high levels of disrespect and abuse during their training. They discussed the consequences of disrespect and abuse and spoke of what respectful patient care meant to them; that is, treating every patient with respect, regardless of her background or ability to pay. While participants agreed that respectful care is important, they were also able to justify disrespectful or abusive practices they had witnessed or participated in themselves. For example, one student said, "the health of the child was at risk because of her attitude. To save the child, or to save the infant, she was being yelled at to push. To me, she understood the reasons why she was being yelled at to push because if not so, definitely it would have ended in a stillbirth."InterpretationWhile student midwives understand the reasons why respectful care is important, they believe that there are instances where abusive behaviour is necessary to ensure both the woman and her child survive childbirth. Midwives in training could benefit from increased training on ways to communicate with and motivate women during labour and delivery.FundingThis project was funded by the African Studies Center, University of Michigan.
Mechanical unloading reverses transverse tubule remodelling and normalises local calcium-induced calcium release in a rodent model of heart failure
Authors: Michael Ibrahim, Manoraj Navaratnarajah, Urszula Siedlecka, Christopher Rao, Priyanthi Dias, Alexey Moshkov, Julia Gorelik, Magdi Yacoub, Cesare Terracciano
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
MUC1/X Protein Immunization Enhances cDNA Immunization in Generating Anti-MUC1 α/β Junction Antibodies that Target Malignant Cells
Authors: Daniel B. Rubinstein, Maya Karmely, Ravit Ziv, Itai Benhar, Orit Leitner, Shoshana Baron, Ben-Zion Katz, Daniel H. Wreschner
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

MUC1 has generated considerable interest as a tumor marker and potential target for tumor killing. To date, most antibodies against MUC1 recognize epitopes within the highly immunogenic alpha chain tandem repeat array. A major shortcoming of such antibodies is that the MUC1 alpha chain is shed into the peripheral circulation, sequesters circulating antitandem repeat array antibodies, and limits their ability to even reach targeted MUC1-expressing cells. Antibodies recognizing MUC1 epitopes tethered to the cell surface would likely be more effective. MUC1 alpha subunit binding the membrane-tethered beta subunit provides such an epitope. By use of a novel protocol entailing immunization with cDNA encoding full-length MUC1 (MUC1/TM) followed by boosting with the alternatively spliced MUC1/X isoform from which the tandem repeat array has been deleted, we generated monoclonal antibodies, designated DMC209, which specifically bind the MUC1 alpha/beta junction. DMC209 is exquisitely unique for this site; amino acid mutations, which abrogate MUC1 cleavage, also abrogate DMC209 binding. Additionally, DMC209 specifically binds the MUC1 alpha/beta junction on full-length MUC1/TM expressed by breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and on freshly obtained, unmanipulated MUC1-positive malignant plasma cells of multiple myeloma. DMC209 is likely to have clinical application by targeting MUC1-expressing cells directly and as an immunotoxin conjugate. Moreover, the novel immunization procedure used in generating DMC209 can be used to generate additional anti-MUC1 alpha/beta junction antibodies, which may, analogously to Herceptin, have cytotoxic activity. Lastly, sequential immunization with MUC1/TM cDNA acting as a nonspecific adjuvant followed by protein of interest may prove to be a generalizable method to yield high-titer specific antibodies.
The Safety of Injecting Insulin Through Clothing
Authors: Doris R Fleming, Scott J Jacober, Melissa A Vandenberg, James T Fitzgerald, George Grunberger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Many of the “antiseptic” practices recommended by health care professionals for insulin injection have been successfully challenged as unnecessary. Since people with diabetes have long been observed to inject their insulin through their clothing, this study was undertaken to determine the safety and perceived benefits of administering insulin by this “rogue” technique. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty people with insulin-treated diabetes were randomized into a 20-week single-blinded prospective crossover study comparing the conventional subcutaneous injection technique (with skin preparation) to an experimental injection technique through clothing. Skin assessment, glycated hemoglobin levels, and leukocyte count were determined before randomization, at 10 weeks (before crossover), and again at 20 weeks (at completion). The participants injected through a single layer of fabric, which ranged from nylon to denim. Problems, benefits, type of clothing, and other comments were recorded by the subjects in an injection log. RESULTS Forty-two (84%) subjects completed the study. The mean age was 41 years (range, 23–63 years), 50% were women, 86% were Caucasian, and 80% had type I diabetes. The mean duration of diabetes was 14 years (range, 1–33 years). Fifty-one percent had &amp;gt; 16 years of education. The demographic characteristics of the dropouts were similar to those who completed the study. Over the 20-week period ∼ 13,720 injections were performed by participants. None of the subjects experienced erythema, induration, or abscess at injection sites. Neither the glycated hemoglobin levels nor the leukocyte counts differed between the conventional and experimental regimens. During the injection-through-clothing phase of the study, only minor problems, such as blood stains on clothing and bruising, were recorded in the logbooks. However, subjects reported that injection through clothing offered benefits such as convenience and saving time. CONCLUSIONS It is safe and convenient to inject insulin through clothing.
Travel-associated infection presenting in Europe (2008–12): an analysis of EuroTravNet longitudinal, surveillance data, and evaluation of the effect of the pre-travel consultation
Authors: Patricia Schlagenhauf, Leisa Weld, Abraham Goorhuis, Philippe Gautret, Rainer Weber, Frank von Sonnenburg, Rogelio Lopez-Vélez, Mogens Jensenius, Jakob P Cramer, Vanessa K Field, Silvia Odolini, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Francois Chappuis, Denis Malvy, Perry J J van Genderen, Frank Mockenhaupt, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Catherine Smith, Nicholas J Beeching, Johan Ursing, Christophe Rapp, Philippe Parola, Martin P Grobusch
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Spring Books: For sailors
Authors: D. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

and even patients.The clear, simple diagrams could be used to assist in explaining to patients the nature of their disease, or the procedures that they are likely to encounter.Nor do I believe that the use of these books will be limited to British doctors.Although they reflect health care practice in Britain, much of the information is likely to be of value to physicians and students throughout the English speaking world.A great deal of work has gone into the preparation of the articles and books by several people working as a team.The authors (in some cases many authors) and illustrators must have been closely in tune with each other, and the clarity of thought and consistency in editing is remarkable.The authors and illustrators are to be congratulated on their clear and pleasing presentations, and the excellent coordination by the editor and his staff cannot be too highly praised.
Clinical haemoglobinometry: an evaluation of a modified grey-wedge photometer.
Authors: S. M. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Clinical Haemoglobinometry: an Evaluation of a Modified Grey-wedge Photometer no results were more than ±10% diferent, and that in 90% of the measurements the results did not differ by more than ±5%.Similar comparison was made of results of haemoglobin measurements as oxyhaemo-
Cytochrome P450 2E1 genotype and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis
Authors: Yi-Shin Huang, Herng-Der Chern, Wei-Juin Su, Jaw-Ching Wu, Shi-Chuan Chang, Chi-Huei Chiang, Full-Young Chang, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Most cases with antituberculosis drug–induced hepatitis have been attributed to isoniazid. Isoniazid is metabolized by hepatic N –acetyltransferase (NAT) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to form hepatotoxins. However, the role of CYP2E1 in this hepatotoxicity has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene is associated with antituberculosis drug–induced hepatitis. A total of 318 tuberculosis patients who received antituberculosis treatment were followed prospectively. Their CYP2E1 and NAT2 genotypes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Twenty–one healthy volunteers were recruited for CYP2E1 phenotype study using a chlorzoxazone test. Forty–nine (15.4%) patients were diagnosed to have drug–induced hepatotoxicity. Patients with homozygous wild genotype CYP2E1 c1/c1 had a higher risk of hepatotoxicity (20.0%; odds ratio [OR], 2.52) than those with mutant allele c2 ( CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2, 9.0%, P = .009). If CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2 genotype combined with rapid acetylator status was regarded as the reference group, the risk of hepatotoxicity increased from 3.94 for CYP2E1 c1/c1 with rapid acetylator status to 7.43 for CYP2E1 c1/c1 with slow acetylator status. After adjustment for acetylator status and age, the CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype remained an independent risk factor for hepatotoxicity (OR, 2.38; P = .017). Furthermore, under the administration of isoniazid, the volunteers with CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype had higher CYP2E1 activity than those with other genotypes had and, hence, might produce more hepatotoxins. In conclusion, CYP 2E1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to antituberculosis drug–induced hepatitis. (Hepatology 2003;37:924–930.)
Fungal infections in critically ill patients
Authors: J. Lipman, R. Saadia
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The microbial threat posed by nosocomial fungal infections in critically ill patients has become increasingly apparent in the past 30-40 years.1 Fungi (predominantly candida species) are now among the most frequently isolated organisms in intensive care units. Two years ago, Pittet and Wenzel reported a 12-fold rise in the reported rate of candida infections in a 12 year study of over 250 000 patients.2 This trend has been confirmed in other studies in the United States3 as well as in Europe.4 The species identified most often has been Candida albicans , but other species (notably Torulopsis glabrata and Candida tropicalis ) are being isolated ever more often and are associated with more complications and a higher mortality.5

Making a diagnosis of candidiasis may often be difficult, but the risk factors are well known and most are commonly found in intensive care units. The presence of one or more risk factors should heighten clinical suspicion. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics (and so suppressing the normal intestinal flora6) is the single most important factor …
Postmarketing study of cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with sumatriptan.
Authors: J P Ottervanger, T B van Witsen, H A Valkenburg, B H Stricker
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in the heterosexual population is to be prevented intervention should focus primarily on injecting drug users and their partners who continue to engage in unprotected heterosexual intercourse.Since this paper was prepared a number of seroconversions attributed to needle sharing have occurred in a Scottish prison.At least one of our group is involved.
Gossypiboma as an Incidentaloma
Authors: John A. Vento, Prasanta K. Karak, E Marvin Henken
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 72-year-old woman with known rectal carcinoma had an abdominal perineal resection. Within 11 months, the serum CEA was rising. PET revealed a lesion in the left mid pelvis and an unusual rim of enhanced activity within the left mid abdomen. Magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) localized an enlarged left internal iliac lymph node and ovoid abdominal mass. Computed tomography (CT) identified a serpiginous area compatible with an opaque sponge marker near the colostomy site. The left internal iliac lymph node was moderately differentiated necrotizing adenocarcinoma consistent with metastatic colon primary.