tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune regulation of the L5178Y murine tumor-dormant state. I. In vivo and in vitro effects of prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin on tumor cell growth.
Authors: C M Liu, T Okayasu, P Goldman, Y Suzuki, K Suzuki, E F Wheelock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Immunization and intraperitoneal challenge of DBA/2 mice with L5178Y lymphoma cells results in the suppression and maintenance of the L5178Y cells in a tumor-dormant state in the peritoneal cavity for many months. Cell-mediated immune responses involving lymphocytes and macrophages are involved in maintenance of the tumor-dormant state. Macrophages that have increased immunosuppressive activity and that produce increased amounts of PGE2 appear in the peritoneal cavity of tumor-dormant mice before the breakdown of the tumor-dormant state and formation of ascitic tumors. We report here that the tumor-dormant state can be terminated with formation of ascitic tumors by treatment of tumor-dormant mice with PGE2. Treatment with indomethacin results in inhibition of tumor cell growth and elimination of all recoverable tumor cells. Cultures of peritoneal cells (PC) from mice harboring L5178Y cells in a tumor-dormant state were used to analyze the PGE2 and indomethacin effects. Tumor cells did not grow out in the high-cell density PC cultures prepared from many tumor-dormant mice, but addition of PGE2 to these cultures resulted in tumor cell growth. The tumor cell growth that did occur in the PC cultures from some tumor-dormant mice was associated with PGE2 production by the associated host cells, and the addition of indomethacin to these cultures inhibited both PGE2 synthesis and tumor cell growth. Removal of plastic-adherent cells from the PC cultures eliminated the restraint on tumor cell growth. These experiments suggest that L5178Y tumor cells are maintained in a tumor-dormant state by host peritoneal cells, which are under PGE2 regulation.
P189 STUDYING RECIPROCAL VIRAL INTERPLAY BETWEEN HBV AND HDV IN CO-INFECTED HepaRG CELLS
Authors: D. Alfaiate, N. Abeywickrama-Samarakoon, B. Testoni, M. Gruffaz, J.-C. Cortay, F. Zoulim, D. Durantel, P. Dény
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Pleural Effusion
Authors: Edmund C. Leuallen, David T. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

AN accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is frequently the primary manifestation of intrathoracic disease. Less commonly it is one of the manifestations of extrathoracic or systemic disease. Careful study of a sample of the fluid may establish or give a clue to the correct diagnosis. The investigation reported in this paper was undertaken primarily to determine which examinations of the fluid had been of most value in revealing the cause of the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. An inevitable complementary study was a statistical survey of the causes of pleural effusion.The records of the Mayo . . .
Test for HIV if clinically indicated, regardless of risk factors
Authors: A. Briggs, A. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Bradbury and Murray list HIV infection as a cause of thrombocytopenia in asymptomatic patients and include HIV testing in their list of suggested investigations,1 although they favour limiting testing to patients with identified risk factors.

Isolated abnormalities in the full blood count (thrombocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia) …
IFNγ differentially controls the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and GVHD of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Angela C. Burman, Tatjana Banovic, Rachel D. Kuns, Andrew D. Clouston, Amanda C. Stanley, Edward S. Morris, Vanessa Rowe, Helen Bofinger, Renae Skoczylas, Neil Raffelt, Olivier Fahy, Shaun R. McColl, Christian R. Engwerda, Kelli P. A. McDonald, Geoffrey R. Hill
Journal: Blood (2007)
COMPARISON OF SULFUR COLLOID IMAGING USING SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND A ROTATING TRANSAXIAL GANTRY VERSUS PLANAR IMAGING
Authors: R T Go, W J MacIntyre, S A Cook, C George, G Borkowski, B Risius, C Napoli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Go, R T; MacIntyre, W J; Cook, S A; George, C; Borkowski, G; Risius, B; Napoli, C Author Information
RNAi-mediated silencing of p190Bcr-Abl inactivates Stat5 and cooperates with imatinib mesylate and 17-allylamino-17-demetoxygeldanamycin in selective killing of p190Bcr-Abl-expressing leukemia cells
Authors: M Futami, T Hatano, Y Soda, S Kobayashi, M Miyagishi, A Tojo
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
BLOOD CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE TOXIC PSYCHOSES
Authors: Howard D. McIntyre
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1928)

1. Blood chemical examinations are of great value in the study of the early stages of mental disease especially those psychoses showing any symptoms of hallucinatory confusion. They assist in the differential diagnosis of the toxic psychoses especially of those on a uremic basis. They also aid in demonstrating the role of toxic factors in precipitating psychotic attacks in the major psychoses. 2. Evidence is presented to show that manic-depressive, schizoid and confusional reactions may in their early stages be accompanied by signs of toxemia, viz., leukocytosis, acidosis, fever and nitrogen retention. 3. Treatment directed toward the elimination of the toxemia is frequently effective in bringing about a mental recovery. 4. The toxins, acid or otherwise, so affect the hydrated colloids of the nerve cells as to bring about a cracking of the emulsion of which the nerve cell is composed. Treatment to be effective must take place before this irreversible cracking point is reached.
The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State
Authors: R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Nicholas Timmins Harper Collins £25, pp 606 ISBN 0002553880

It is fashionable to be pessimistic about the welfare state. From the left comes the argument that the policies of successive Conservative governments have, over the past 15 years, betrayed the postwar vision that gave birth to the welfare state. From the right comes the argument that the welfare state aggravates many of the problems that it is supposed to solve. And indeed Beveridge's five giants--Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness--seem to have shown a remarkable capacity for survival. Fifty years …
Exposing Unethical Human Research: The Transatlantic Correspondence of Beecher and Pappworth
Authors: Allan Gaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Henry K. Beecher and Maurice H. Pappworth were the 2 most prominent medical whistleblowers in research ethics of the 20th century. Independently, both wrote highly controversial and ultimately influential articles and books. Although their work is now well-known in clinical research circles, their collaboration is not. Pappworth's article "Human Guinea Pigs: A Warning" was published in 1962; in it, he discussed a series of published studies that he considered unethical. Beecher read it and wrote to Pappworth seeking help. The current article reconstructs, from Beecher and Pappworth's correspondence in 1965–1966, an important juncture in the genesis of modern clinical research ethics. Although they shared much in common, they differed radically in the strategies they adopted: Beecher chose to conceal the identities of individuals, whereas Pappworth believed that only by naming and shaming could any exposé act as a deterrent. Their correspondence reveals how the 2 men shared their ideas and their material and provided each other with much-needed support. It also tracks the development of Beecher's shift from a position initially indistinguishable from Pappworth's toward the one he adopted when his seminal article of 1966 was published.
Fertility treatment and risk of childhood and adolescent mental disorders: register based cohort study
Authors: B. Bay, E. L. Mortensen, D. Hvidtjorn, U. S. Kesmodel
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the mental health of children born after fertility treatment by comparing their risk of mental disorders with that of spontaneously conceived children. <b>Design</b> Prospective register based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Nationwide register based information from Danish National Health Registers cross linked by a unique personal identification number assigned to all citizens in Denmark. <b>Participants</b> All children born in Denmark in 1995-2003 with follow-up in 2012 when the children were aged 8-17; 33 139 children were conceived after fertility treatment and 555 828 children were born after spontaneous conception. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Absolute risks and hazard ratios for overall and specific mental disorders estimated with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Estimated association between the risk of mental disorders and subtypes of procedures, hormone treatments, gamete types, and cause of infertility. <b>Results</b> The risk of mental disorders in children born after in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection was low, and was no higher than in spontaneously conceived children, except for a borderline significant increased risk of tic disorders (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.95; absolute risk 0.3%). In contrast, children born after ovulation induction with or without insemination had low but significantly increased risks of any mental disorder (1.20, 1.11 to 1.31; absolute risk 4.1%), autism spectrum disorders (1.20, 1.05 to 1.37; 1.5%), hyperkinetic disorders (1.23, 1.08 to 1.40; 1.7%), conduct, emotional, or social disorder (1.21, 1.02 to 1.45; 0.8%), and tic disorders (1.51, 1.16 to 1.96; 0.4%). There was no risk systematically related to any specific type of hormone drug treatment. <b>Conclusions</b> There was a small increase in the incidence of mental disorders in children born after ovulation induction/intrauterine insemination. Children born after in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were found to have overall risk comparable with children conceived spontaneously.
Pneumococcal vaccine administration associated with splenectomy: The need for improved education, documentation, and the use of a practical checklist
Authors: Malcolm L. Brigden, Andrew Pattullo, Gail Brown
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

An audit was performed of the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomy patients in three major hospitals involving a geographical population base of 350,000 patients in British Columbia, Canada. Overall, 111 of the 164 hospitalized splenectomy patients (68%) had received pneumococcal vaccination. Of elective splenectomy cases, only 11 of 55 (20%) had been vaccinated prior to surgery, as is currently recommended. One hundred fifty-five patients (95%) had splenectomy status mentioned in the discharge summary. However, only 35 (21%) had mention of vaccination status, 10 (6%) mention of the need for future revaccination, and only 8 (5%) notation of the possibility of future infectious risks. The rate of pneumococcal vaccination was as satisfactory as any reported in the literature to date. However, there is need for improved education in relation to the timing of vaccination and discharge summary documentation. A checklist for potential splenectomy patients may aid in improving this situation as may geographically based splenectomy registries. Am. J. Hematol. 65:25–29, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Lowell R. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Two hundred and forty-eight children were evaluated to ascertain the cause of vesicoureteral reflux. Bladder outlet obstruction was corrected when present. Ureteral reimplantation was performed when infection persisted, hydronephrosis worsened, or renal clearances deteriorated. Except in patients with neurogenic bladder and exstrophy, reflux ceased, improved or stabilized in 81%, without operation. When reflux was due to infection or occurred through a normal ureterovesical junction behind an obstruction, reimplantation was unnecessary. Reflux due to a short intravesical ureter usually stopped while a completely gaping orifice often required surgical revision. The more abnormal the ureteral orifice appears, the more likely it is that antireflux surgery will be required. Deterioration of renal function was occurring in spite of therapy in some of the 19% of refluxing renal units requiring reimplantation. It is not possible to successfully manage all patients with reflux without operation.
Catch-up Growth in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Delbert A. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Growth is a complex process. It depends on an adequate nutritional substrate, stimulation by a variety of hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid hormones, and gonadal steroids, and mediation by growth factors such as the somatomedins, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and presumably others.1 , 2 Other hormones, such as insulin and vitamin D, exert important permissive effects.1 2 3 Fetal growth and growth during the first 6 to 12 months of extrauterine life appear to be dependent on growth factor and independent of hormones. Linear bone growth and bone maturation are modulated by growth hormone and thyroid hormones in childhood and by gonadal . . .
The landscape of long noncoding RNAs in the human transcriptome
Authors: Matthew K Iyer, Yashar S Niknafs, Rohit Malik, Udit Singhal, Anirban Sahu, Yasuyuki Hosono, Terrence R Barrette, John R Prensner, Joseph R Evans, Shuang Zhao, Anton Poliakov, Xuhong Cao, Saravana M Dhanasekaran, Yi-Mi Wu, Dan R Robinson, David G Beer, Felix Y Feng, Hariharan K Iyer, Arul M Chinnaiyan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
The "Poly-Prescription"
Authors: Gerald Ross
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Being a registered pharmacist as well as a physician, I can foresee that the Poly-Prescription described and illustrated by Patterson ( 216 :2141, 1971) will also be a horrifying document to the pharmacist. There is no room left on these individual prescription lines for the information which a pharmacist must put on each prescription to record its filling. For instance, each prescription must have a number which is usually stamped on the prescription, plus the price, and the initials of the pharmacist who fills the prescription, the date on which it was filled, and the dates of each refill. If the prescription was a generic one, the pharmacist writes in the trade name of the drug used. In addition to this, the new law requires that a red letter C no less than one inch in height be stamped on the face of certain prescriptions for certain control
Limited list; opposition from an ex-minister
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The problem that inevitably confronts an ex-minister whose party is still in power is: when is the time right for him to speak out on his old subject?There are clearly pitfalls to be avoided.For Sir Gerard Vaughan that time has come.The former health minister has kept scrupulously clear of his old field-he was shadow health spokes- man for five years and health minister for four until 1982-ever since he returned to the back benches after a spell as consumer affairs minister.He broke cover in a Sunday newspaper article by setting out his opposition to the limited list, currently the most controversial health topic politically.The result was a certain heightening of the temperature on the upper floors of the Department of Health and Social Security.Sir Gerard is not, however, causing trouble for its own sake.He believes firmly that Mr Norman Fowler, Social Services Secretary, and Mr Kenneth Clarke, the Health Minister, have got it sadly wrong over the limited list proposal.While they show every sign of pressing on regardless, it will not be for want of a warning from him.The ex-minister is particularly critical of their failure to consult the medical profession in advance, the more so because the action they are taking flies in the face of the policy they were enunciating almost up to the day of the announcement.His advice to ministers is that they should withdraw the list, he told me."I do not think they are going to do so, but they will find they are not getting the £I00m saving they want and they will have caused a great deal of anxiety without gaining much benefit.In the end they will have to go back to the BMA and the drug industry to try to work out some solution."
Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes: putative mediators of pulmonary damage.
Authors: J K Spitznagel, M C Modrzakowski, K B Pryzwansky, E K MacRae
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Tissue proteolytic enzymes are currently believed to be critical to the pathogenesis of panacinar emphysema. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Polys) have several enzymes including elastase and cathepsin G in their azurophil granules. They have collagenase in their specific granules. We have found that this collagenase is doubly latent. It has the lysosomal type of latency that depends on the impermeability of the unit membrane that surrounds each specific granule. In addition it has a latency that is converted to activity by proteolytic enzymes. The cathepsin G of the azurophil granule is a potent activator of this latent collagenase once the collagenase is released from its membrane dependent latency. Thus latency of enzymes, the nature of the latency and accessibility of the latent enzymes to activating mechanisms must all be taken into account in any analysis of their contribution to pathogenesis of local lung disease. Equally important is that fact that polys are not a prominent cellular component of normal lung. Polys must be attracted to the lung by chemotactic peptides. These peptides must be released by the interaction of inflammatory stimuli, such as smoke particles, with complement components or they must be provided by other sources. The hypothesis that lung damage in panacinar emphysema is mediated by polys and their proteases is attractive and suggestive evidence supporting this is available. However, more evidence that takes into full account the cell biology of the proteases any poly turnover in the lung are needed to extend the hypothesis and to form a rational basis for therapeutic and prophylactic measures.
Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ming Hui Chen, Steven D. Colan, Lisa Diller
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Although important advances have been made in curing childhood cancer in the last several decades, long-term survivors face considerable morbidity and mortality because of late effects from their initial anticancer therapy. By 30 years after treatment, the cumulative mortality from treatment-related medical illness actually exceeds that of mortality from cancer recurrence. Cardiovascular disease, in particular, is a leading threat to the well-being of adult survivors of childhood cancers. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of these late cardiac effects are understudied and poorly understood. This article reviews cardiotoxicity associated with 2 major anticancer regimens used in treating childhood cancer patients: anthracycline treatment and radiation therapy. The known pathophysiology and clinical cardiac risk factors that further predispose these patients to late-onset cardiac events are discussed. Basic and translational research is urgently needed to clarify pathophysiologic mechanisms of late cardiac effects and to develop therapies to improve both long-term survival and quality of life of adults cured of pediatric cancers.
Heavy-Chain Diseases
Authors: Edward C. Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The recent elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins, and the more precise immunologic and chemical characterization of the proteins produced by patients with proliferative disorders of plasma cells and lymphocytes have led to a clearer understanding of the biosynthetic alterations accompanying them. Consequently, these disorders are now frequently classified on the basis of the products of the neoplastic cells. Thus, multiple myeloma is now defined by the type of proteins produced (G,A,D and E myeloma), and the biosynthetic processes in myeloma and macroglobulinemia are described either as balanced synthesis of heavy (H) and light (L) chains resulting in only a . . .
Netrin-1 promotes adipose tissue macrophage retention and insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Bhama Ramkhelawon, Elizabeth J Hennessy, Mickaël Ménager, Tathagat Dutta Ray, Frederick J Sheedy, Susan Hutchison, Amarylis Wanschel, Scott Oldebeken, Michele Geoffrion, Westley Spiro, George Miller, Ruth McPherson, Katey J Rayner, Kathryn J Moore
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Indian government must spend more on healthcare, salaries, and infrastructure
Authors: D. Sircar
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine whether fatigue in the acute phase following stroke predicts long-term patient-reported physical and mental health outcomes 18 months later. <h3>Methods:</h3> Patients (n = 96, mean age 67.8 years, SD 12.9) were assessed within 2 weeks of hospital admission for first-ever stroke (acute phase) and 18 months later. Measures included the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II. The Short Form–36 was used to assess self-reported physical and mental health. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between acute phase fatigue and later health outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates. <h3>Results:</h3> Acute phase fatigue was associated with physical health at 18-month follow-up, but not with mental health. After adjusting for other potential predictors of health outcomes, including age, sex, cohabitation status, acute phase physical or mental health, and depressive symptoms, acute phase fatigue remained a significant predictor of later physical health but not of later mental health. The reverse relationships were also examined, but neither physical nor mental health in the acute phase predicted fatigue at 18 months; the best predictor of fatigue at 18-month follow-up was acute phase fatigue. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These findings suggest that acute phase fatigue is an independent risk factor for poor physical health 18 months after stroke. Diagnosis and treatment of acute phase fatigue may improve physical health-related quality of life among stroke survivors. Effective treatments for poststroke fatigue, both in the acute phase and later in the recovery period, are needed.
Specific binding of the human monocytic cell line U937 to the alternatively spliced connecting segment (IIICS) of fibronectin.
Authors: O C Ferreira, A Garcia-Pardo, C Bianco
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

U937 cells attach to the RGDS-containing 80-kD fragment of fibronectin (Fn). The present report examined whether these cells recognize other domains of Fn. U937 cells attach to a 38-kD fragment derived from the A chain of Fn, which includes the Hep II domain and most of the alternatively spliced IIICS region. U937 did not bind to a 58-kD fragment derived from the B chain (which lacks IIICS) and has the Hep II site. They also did not bind to a 31-kD COOH-terminal fibrin-binding fragment or to a 29-kD fragment containing the Hep I domain. Cell adhesion to the 38-kD fragment was not inhibited by the 80-kD fragment, by GRGDSPC synthetic peptides, or by a mAb directed to the RGDS-containing domain of Fn. Attachment was completely inhibited by the 38-kD fragment and by the synthetic peptide CS-1, comprising the first 25 amino acid residues of IIICS. These results indicate that U937 cells interact with two sites of Fn, the RGDS-containing region, and the IIICS region.