tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Febrile Cerebrovasculitis
Authors: GEORGE T. HARRELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1987Acute Febrile CerebrovasculitisGEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D.GEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-479_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Acute febrile cerebrovasculitis as reported by Wenzel and colleagues (1) and in a subsequent letter (2) poses a therapeutic dilemma to the clinician. No etiologic agent was recovered, and serologic data were confusing. Epidemiologic evidence suggested a possible rickettsial origin because the cases occurred in an area endemic for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, often of severe form.My colleagues and I in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, studied a sizeable series of patients with rickettsial spotted fever beginning in 1941, before chemotherapy was available. We were among the first to use antibiotics in the disease. The patients were studied...References1. WENZELHAYDENGROSCHEL RFD. Acute febrile cerebrovasculitis: a Syndrome of unknown, perhaps rickettsial, cause. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:606-15. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FISHBEINMCDADE DJ. Acute febrile cerebrovasculitis [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 105:802. LinkGoogle Scholar3. HARRELL G. Rickettsial involvement of the nervous system. Med Clin Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2010 Eastridge Road; Timonium, MD 21093 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 479-480KeywordsAntibioticsChemotherapyEpidemiologyFeversRocky Mountain spotted fever Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cholesterol and Mortality: Assumptions, Possible Errors
Authors: WARREN S. BROWNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1987Cholesterol and Mortality: Assumptions, Possible ErrorsWARREN S. BROWNER, M.D., M.P.H.WARREN S. BROWNER, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-420 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Taylor and colleagues' (1) model of the effect of cholesterol reduction on life expectancy may be flawed, as examination of their Figure 1 suggests. How can following a dietary program to reduce serum cholesterol levels be more effective if started at age 40 (a benefit of about 12 mos in a high-risk woman with a serum cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL) than if started at age 20 (a benefit of only 6 mos)? This would only be possible if the diet actually reduced life expectancy between the ages of 20 and 40. The authors' explanation that adjusting...References1. TAYLORPASSSHEPARDKOMAROFF WTDA. Cholesterol reduction and life expectancy: a model incorporating multiple risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:605-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Population Studies Data Book: The Prevalence Study. Vol. 1. Bethesda, Maryland: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1980. (DHHS publication no. [NIH] 80-1257). Google Scholar1. TAYLORPASSSHEPARDKOMAROFF WTDA. Cholesterol reduction and life expectancy: a model incorporating multiple risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106:605-14. LinkGoogle Scholar1. SHEPARD D. Reliability of blood pressure measurements: implications for designing and evaluating programs to control hypertension. J Chron Dis. 1981;34:191-209. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WARREN S. BROWNER, M.D., M.P.H.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 420-421KeywordsCholesterolDietLife expectancyMortality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2328: Hyaluronan synthase expression in mammary tumor cells modulates tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Michelle L. Varney, Rakesh Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the United States after lung cancer and is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths each year. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of breast cancer patients have developed regional lymph node or distant metastases. Many challenges exist in the current management of metastatic breast cancer as there are fewer recognized therapeutic strategies. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular events in the metastatic process is critical. Several reports have described correlation of hyaluronan (HA) with initiation and progression of various types of epithelial cancers. The HA synthase (HAS) isoforms encode the enzymes that produce and deposit HA while the hyaluronidase (HYAL) genes code for enzymes that degrade HA and their expression is dysregulated in various tumors as a result of transcriptional and epigenetic changes that accompany progression. In this report, we examined the expression of HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3, HYAL1 and HYAL2 in mammary tumor cell with different metastatic potential (4T1, highly metastatic; Cl66, moderately metastatic; Cl66M2, low metastatic). We observed increased expression of HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3 as well as HAYL 1 and HAYL2 in aggressive mammary tumor cells. Next we stably knocked-down HAS2 and HAS3 expression in 4T1 cells using small hairpin mRNA (sh-RNA) vectors and analyzed cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth and metastasis. We observed inhibition of in vitro cell proliferation and migration in 4T1 cells knocked-down for HAS2 (4T1-HAS2sh) and HAS3 (4T1-HAS3sh) as compared to cells transfected with vector control (4T1-controlsh). Furthermore, we observed inhibition of in vivo tumor growth and spontaneous lymph node and lung metastases in animals implanted with 4T1-HAS2sh cells as compared to 4T1-controlsh. In addition, we observed inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and neovascularization, and increased apoptosis in 4T1-shHAS2 tumors as compared to 4T1-controlsh tumors. Together, these data demonstrate an important role of HAS2 in mammary tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2328.
Benzodiazepines and pneumonia or aspiration pneumonitis
Authors: Irene Campbell-Taylor
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Benzodiazepines and pneumonia or aspiration pneumonitisDr Obiora et al 1 have presented some interesting data.One could quibble about the validity of the nested case-control model, but this issue is important mainly in identifying the fact that the patients were not individually assessed, nor were their particular variables, apart from the ones of interest, benzodiazepines and pneumonia, taken into consideration.Part of the randomness was accounted for by the use of conditional logistic regression but, as frequently happens, the authors appear not to have differentiated between pneumonitis and pneumonia, not surprisingly as they were dependent on diagnoses given by other physicians.These two terms are so frequently used as synonyms that it appears that few remember that they are very different entities. 2The authors mention the greater use of benzodiazepines in the elderly, and this is one group of greatest interest. 3ndividuals at an advanced age, with diseases such as diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Parkinson disease and others, have a high incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER).Benzodiazepines are known to increase the risk of reflux being known, anecdotally, as 'muscle relaxants'. 4 5The lower oesophageal sphincter is not a true sphincter but an area of muscle with, normally, increased tone.When this tone is diminished, reflux results, most often during the deepest part of sleep, and is likely to be unwitnessed.Unless there has been massive aspiration of stomach contents, the patient may simply feel unwell for a day or so, may have a fever and malaise, and 4-5 days later, develop a bacterial pneumonia due to the normal inhalation of saliva which uses the original area of chemical damage as a base for infection. 6 7It is suggested that the use of benzodiazepines be very carefully considered in individuals known to suffer GER, to suffer a disease in which GER is common, or one in which immunodeficiency may be inferred.This is not to imply that the benzodiazepines themselves affect immune status, but that infection is likely to be more hazardous in such patients as a result of the above.
p53 isoforms regulate aging- and tumor-associated replicative senescence in T lymphocytes
Authors: Abdul M. Mondal, Izumi Horikawa, Sharon R. Pine, Kaori Fujita, Katherine M. Morgan, Elsa Vera, Sharlyn J. Mazur, Ettore Appella, Borivoj Vojtesek, Maria A. Blasco, David P. Lane, Curtis C. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Cellular senescence contributes to aging and decline in tissue function. p53 isoform switching regulates replicative senescence in cultured fibroblasts and is associated with tumor progression. Here, we found that the endogenous p53 isoforms Δ133p53 and p53β are physiological regulators of proliferation and senescence in human T lymphocytes in vivo. Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes collected from healthy donors displayed an age-dependent accumulation of senescent cells (CD28-CD57+) with decreased Δ133p53 and increased p53β expression. Human lung tumor-associated CD8+ T lymphocytes also harbored senescent cells. Cultured CD8+ blood T lymphocytes underwent replicative senescence that was associated with loss of CD28 and Δ133p53 protein. In poorly proliferative, Δ133p53-low CD8+CD28- cells, reconstituted expression of either Δ133p53 or CD28 upregulated endogenous expression of each other, which restored cell proliferation, extended replicative lifespan and rescued senescence phenotypes. Conversely, Δ133p53 knockdown or p53β overexpression in CD8+CD28+ cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced senescence. This study establishes a role for Δ133p53 and p53β in regulation of cellular proliferation and senescence in vivo. Furthermore, Δ133p53-induced restoration of cellular replicative potential may lead to a new therapeutic paradigm for treating immunosenescence disorders, including those associated with aging, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and HIV infection.
Re: Fleur I. de Korte, Jochem W. van Werkum, Peter L.M. Vijverberg, Jurriën M. ten Berg. Late Coronary Stent Thrombosis Complicating Urologic Surgery. Eur Urol 2008;54:221–5
Authors: Stephan Madersbacher, Anton Ponholzer
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Virginity Examinations in Turkey
Authors: Martina W. Frank, Heidi M. Bauer, Nadir Arican, Sebnem Korur Fincanci, Vincent Iacopino
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextAlthough the Turkish Medical Association has deemed "virginity examinations" a form of gender-based violence, women in Turkey are often subjected to such examinations by forensic physicians for both legal and social reasons. Little is known about these physicians' role and attitudes in this practice.ObjectivesTo assess forensic physicians' experiences and attitudes regarding virginity examinations in Turkey and suggest potential solutions to the problems identified.DesignCross-sectional self-administered survey.SettingSurveys were completed during the Forensic Science Congress held in Kusadasi in April 1998 as well as in urban academic and medical practice settings between April and October 1998.ParticipantsOf 158 physicians who practice, are formally trained in, or are in training for forensic medicine, 118 completed the survey (response rate, 74.7%).Main Outcome MeasuresFrequency and circumstances of conducting virginity examinations, opinions regarding beneficial and adverse consequences of these examinations, and recommendations for changing the practice, as measured by a 100-item questionnaire.ResultsOverall, survey respondents reported conducting 5901 examinations in the previous 12 months; 4045 were conducted because of alleged sexual assault and 1856 for social reasons. Although 68% of forensic physicians indicated that they believed virginity examinations are inappropriate in the absence of an allegation of sexual assault, 45% had conducted examinations for social reasons. The majority of the respondents (93%) agreed that the examinations are psychologically traumatic for the patient. In addition, more than half (58%) reported that at least 50% of patients undergo examinations against their will.ConclusionsNearly half of forensic physicians in Turkey conduct virginity examinations for social reasons despite beliefs that such examinations are inappropriate, traumatic to the patient, and often performed against the patient's will. Physicians' participation in such practices is inconsistent with principles of bioethics and international human rights.
Cardiac tissue geometry as a determinant of unidirectional conduction block: assessment of microscopic excitation spread by optical mapping in patterned cell cultures and in a computer model
Authors: V. G Fast, A. G Kleber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Unidirectional conduction block (UCB) and reentry may occur as a consequence of an abrupt tissue expansion and a related change in the electrical load. The aim of this study was to evaluate critical dimensions of the tissue necessary for establishing UCB in heart cell culture.Neonatal rat heart cell cultures with cell strands of variable width emerging into a large cell area were grown using a technique of patterned cell growth. Action potential upstrokes were measured using a voltage sensitive dye (RH-237) and a linear array of 10 photodiodes with a 15 microns resolution. A mathematical model was used to relate action potential wave shapes to underlying ionic currents.UCB (block of a single impulse in anterograde direction - from a strand to a large area - and conduction in the retrograde direction) occurred in narrow cell strands with a width of 15(SD 4) microns (1-2 cells in width, n = 7) and there was no conduction block in strands with a width of 31(8) microns (n = 9, P < 0.001) or larger. The analysis of action potential waveshapes indicated that conduction block was either due to geometrical expansion alone (n = 5) or to additional local depression of conduction (n = 2). In wide strands, action potential upstrokes during anterograde conduction were characterised by multiple rising phases. Mathematical modelling showed that two rising phases were caused by electronic current flow, whereas local ionic current did not coincide with the rising portions of the upstrokes.(1) High resolution optical mapping shows multiphasic action potential upstrokes at the region of abrupt expansion. At the site of the maximum decrement in conduction, these peaks were largely determined by the electrotonus and not by the local ionic current. (2) Unidirectional conduction block occurred in strands with a width of 15(4) microns (1-2 cells).
Relation between plasma lactate and blood cyanide concentrations in acute cyanide poisoning
Authors: F. J Baud, S. W Borron, E. Bavoux, A. Astier, J. R Hoffman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

evaluations of cognitive behaviour therapy are desir- able, including comparisons with treatments other than basic medical care.Nevertheless, we believe that our results have potentially important implications for the management of patients presenting to medical clinics with chronic disabling fatigue.We thank all the patients who participated and Alison Clements and Aslog Malmberg for help with the blind Kamofsky scale ratings.
Case 47-1973
Authors: J.A. Peter Paré, William M. Thurlbeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of confusion.She was well until 23 years previously, when there was the onset of progressive exertional dyspnea. Thirteen years before admission she visited a physician because of increased severity of the dyspnea. She had smoked half a package of cigarettes or less daily for six years but denied cough or sputum production. Her father had died of pneumonia at the age of 50 years, after a history of exertional dyspnea that progressed over the final 15 years of his life. Two sisters also had exertional dyspnea; pulmonary-function . . .
Disorders of the Developing Nervous System: Symposium of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Houston Neurological Society
Authors: H. Richard Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This volume is a compilation of the papers presented at a symposium on this subject sponsored by the Houston Neurological Society and the Department of Neurology at Baylor. The subject matter is divided into 2 parts. The first concerns those papers dealing with prenatal and perinatal factors in neurological disease. ( Papers dealing with genetics, heredity, biochemistry, radiation, viral disease, hypoxia, etc., were presented. ) Most of these papers are in the form of a review which covers the present state of the field and then is combined with some of the author's own work on the particular topic. Dr. Hicks' paper on "How to Build Abnormal Brain Using Radiation" is an extremely interesting and pertinent contribution. The second part of the conference dealt with the pathogenesis and treatment of hydrocephalus and is an excellent summary of the most recent experimental methods of production and the current concepts of treatment. It is
Clinical Diagnosis: A Physiologic Approach
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is the fourth edition of one of the standard textbooks of what used to be called physical diagnosis. There are 19 contributing authors, nine of whom are affiliated with the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. The authors claim that their book differs from the text-books of several generations ago because it emphasizes modern pathophysiological explanations of symptoms and findings and is organized in keeping with physiological systems combined with the classic regional orientation. In addition, the effects of automation and data processing have modified their approach to some degree.  This is a hardbound book, quarto size, with paper and print that allow easy reading. There are many illustrations, including a large number of effective line drawings. Informative tables are presented, but most are headed by the unnecessarily demeaning quantifier some, eg, Some Causes of Gynecomastia. The text has been well edited; typographical errors are rare.  The text
Drinking water disinfection byproducts: review and approach to toxicity evaluation.
Authors: G A Boorman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

There is widespread potential for human exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water because everyone drinks, bathes, cooks, and cleans with water. The need for clean and safe water led the U.S. Congress to pass the Safe Drinking Water Act more than 20 years ago in 1974. In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. This prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1979 to develop a drinking water rule that would provide guidance on the levels of THMs allowed in drinking water. Further concern was raised by epidemiology studies suggesting a weak association between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and the occurrence of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer. In 1992 the U.S. EPA initiated a negotiated rulemaking to evaluate the need for additional controls for microbial pathogens and DBPs. The goal was to develop an approach that would reduce the level of exposure from disinfectants and DBPs without undermining the control of microbial pathogens. The product of these deliberations was a proposed stage 1 DBP rule. It was agreed that additional information was necessary on how to optimize the use of disinfectants while maintaining control of pathogens before further controls to reduce exposure beyond stage 1 were warranted. In response to this need, the U.S. EPA developed a 5-year research plan to support the development of the longer term rules to control microbial pathogens and DBPs. A considerable body of toxicologic data has been developed on DBPs that occur in the drinking water, but the main emphasis has been on THMs. Given the complexity of the problem and the need for additional data to support the drinking water DBP rules, the U.S. EPA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Army are working together to develop a comprehensive biologic and mechanistic DBP database. Selected DBPs will be tested using 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in standard rodent models; transgenic mouse models and small fish models; in vitro mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies; and reproductive, immunotoxicity, and developmental studies. The goal is to create a toxicity database that reflects a wide range of DBPs resulting from different disinfection practices. This paper describes the approach developed by these agencies to provide the information needed to make scientifically based regulatory decisions.
ON THE CONNEXION BETWEEN HYPERAeMIA OF THE KIDNEY AND CONVULSIONS IN INFANTS
Authors: F. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1856)

AmuT 2, IM presvatve there is against the infection of epidemic dis- As if to counterbaance the loss of life occasioned equally by war and pestilence, 1854 and 1855, not only is the mor- tality constantly below the average, but the births also are as constantly above it.This has been the case for the last six months at least, and presents a curious subject of in- quiry to our notice.
Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: high levels of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in agricultural villages of southern Kazakstan.
Authors: K Hooper, M X Petreas, T Chuvakova, G Kazbekova, N Druz, G Seminova, T Sharmanov, D Hayward, J She, P Visita, J Winkler, M McKinney, T J Wade, J Grassman, R D Stephens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

To assess levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk, we measured organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in breast milk samples collected in 1994 according to the World Health Organization protocol from 92 donors that were representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. High levels (10-120 pg/g fat) of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic of the PCDD/PCDF congeners, were found in breast milk samples from an agricultural region. TCDD was the major contributor (75%) to the international toxicity equivalents of these samples. The same distinctive PCDD/PCDF congener pattern was found in 15 breast milk samples and 4 serum samples collected in 1996 in a follow-up study, and has now been confirmed by three analytical laboratories.
Transfusions of Filtered Granulocytes
Authors: Isaac Djerassi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The article by Higby et al. in this issue of the Journal is the tip of an iceberg of long standing efforts in granulocyte replacement.Treating infections due to leukopenia with transfusions of leukocytes has been seriously considered ever since collection of normal "buffy coats" as a by-product of platelet procurement became possible1 and has been explored, with unimpressive clinical results. Larger numbers of granulocytes were apparently needed. Morse et al.2 proposed to use cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The unreliable supply of donors and questionable safety have limited the use of this approach. The National Cancer Institute . . .