tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopic polypectomy in children.
Authors: J R Douglas, C A Campbell, D M Salisbury, J A Walker-Smith, C B Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Five children presenting with chronic and intermittent rectal bleeding were diagnosed as having colorectal polyps by fibreoptic colonoscopy performed under sedation. Three of the children had had barium-enema films reported on as normal. Eight polyps were seen, of which six were proximal to the sigmoid colon. All were removed endoscopically (one by proctoscopy, one by snare-intussusception) without complication. Colonoscopic polypectomy is a safe and efficient procedure in children, and colonoscopy may be regarded as first-line management in those with rectal bleeding.
Corneal transplantation in Britain
Authors: A B Tullo, P A Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

transplanted into primary care after a brief introductory course.Continuing education will therefore be crucial if the teams are to deliver a reasonable standard of care, integrating health promotion and treatment of common diseases.If such a programme cannot be developed quickly there is a danger that teams will function poorly, provide perfunctory care, and rapidly become demoralised.A lively debate is growing between those who see primary care professionals as having a mainly clinical role similar to that of the American family physician and those who have a broader vision.Under this broader vision primary care teams would be responsible for the health of the population, epidemiological surveillance, and an active programme of collaboration with the community to try to solve basic health problems such as sanitation and malnutrition.It seems clear that this latter approach is more appropriate for the most needy communities in Brazil.Because of the size of Brazil some parts of the programme may have to be delivered by means of a distance learning approach.Others, particularly in the larger cities, could be based on existing or developing training programmes.There is also a need to develop vocational training programmes for doctors and nurses who wish to make a career in primary care.At a recent conference at Santarem discussions were held about collaboration between Brazil and Britain in training people for this ambitious programme.The British Council in Brazil has already sponsored exchange programmes in health care'-for instance, between Porto Alegre and Univer- sity College London Medical School and between Natal and the Institute of Child Health in Bristol.It is keen for more collaboration to help the development of the family health programme.Clearly, it would be inappropriate to transplant the British experience to Brazil.Nevertheless, some experi- ence of British general practice may be relevant, particularly postgraduate training, the multidisciplinary team approach, and the strong role of the general practitioner as gatekeeper to hospital services.The development of an appropriate referral system in Brazil will be a key factor in determining the success of primary care and in curbing the excessive expenditure on hospitals.At the same time no collaborative programme should be one way, and Britain can learn much from the emphasis on community involvement and community diagnosis in some of the better established Brazilian primary care programmes.
Hemodynamic determinants of exercise-induced abnormal blood pressure response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Quirino Ciampi, Sandro Betocchi, Raffaella Lombardi, Fiore Manganelli, Giovanni Storto, Maria Angela Losi, Elpidio Pezzella, Filippo Finizio, Alberto Cuocolo, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The effect of stable macromolecular complexes of ionic polyphosphazene on HIV Gag antigen and on activation of human dendritic cells and presentation to T-cells
Authors: Christine D. Palmer, Jana Ninković, Zofia M. Prokopowicz, Christy J. Mancuso, Alexander Marin, Alexander K. Andrianov, David J. Dowling, Ofer Levy
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Predicting drug sensitivity and resistance
Authors: Gergely Szakács, Jean-Philippe Annereau, Samir Lababidi, Uma Shankavaram, Angela Arciello, Kimberly J. Bussey, William Reinhold, Yanping Guo, Gary D. Kruh, Mark Reimers, John N. Weinstein, Michael M. Gottesman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
THE ANTIPRESSOR FRACTION FROM LIVER TISSUE AND ITS PHYSIOLOGIC ACTION
Authors: A. A. JAMES
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The methods of extraction used in separating the antipressor fraction from hepatic tissue are varied but simple. The original preparations were obtained by freezing and thawing the liver mash in Locke's solution and then removing the proteins and peptones from the saline extract. The present method involves the ues of boiling water in appropriate amounts and degrees of acidity and is much more effective. On the other hand, the problems of purification, standardization and stabilization are complex and are fraught with considerable difficulty. The boiling acidulated aqueous extract is the most suitable method for the removal of the coagulable proteins. Acetic acid is quite effective, although other acids may be used, if due regard is had for the hydrogen ion concentration. Throughout the entire procedure, it is necessary to prevent oxidation taking place in the extracts, as the active principle is apparently extremely labile and is readily destroyed. We are
All Vibrio cholerae Infections Are Not Created Equal-Reply
Authors: Barbara Mahon
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Harris describes three persons with diarrheal illness acquired in Maryland. The only apparent common exposure was consuming crabs harvested from the Chesapeake Bay, and stool cultures grew<i>V cholerae</i>. However, these illnesses were not cholera. The isolates from the three patients were identified as non-O1, non-O139<i>V cholerae</i>in the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene laboratory. There are 140 known serotypes of<i>V cholerae</i>. Cholera is caused only by cholera toxin—producing strains of two of these serotypes—<i>V cholerae</i>01 and<i>V cholerae</i>0139. Infection with non-O1, non-O139 serotypes can cause diarrheal illness, as can infection with nontoxigenic 01 strains.<sup>1</sup>However, these infections are generally less severe, and they do not have epidemic potential. They are properly termed non-01<i>V cholerae</i>infections, not cholera. Infection with these organisms is not reportable. Cholera is reportable in every state. The Maryland Department of Health and Mental
Is dithiothreitol affecting cells and soluble mediators during sputum processing? A modified methodology to process sputum
Authors: Patrizia Pignatti, Monica Delmastro, Luca Perfetti, Antonella Bossi, Antonella Balestrino, Antonino Di Stefano, Paolo Pisati, Bruno Balbi, Gianna Moscato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Early-Onset Lymphoma and Extensive Embryonic Apoptosis in Two Domain-Specific <i>Fen1</i> Mice Mutants
Authors: Elisabeth Larsen, Liv Kleppa, Trine J. Meza, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, Christina Rada, Cesilie G. Castellanos, Guro F. Lien, Gaute J. Nesse, Michael S. Neuberger, Jon K. Laerdahl, Richard William Doughty, Arne Klungland
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) processes Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis, and FEN1 is involved in several DNA repair pathways. The interaction of FEN1 with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor is central to the function of FEN1 in both DNA replication and repair. Here we present two gene-targeted mice with mutations in FEN1. The first mutant mouse carries a single amino acid point mutation in the active site of the nuclease domain of FEN1 (Fen1E160D/E160D), and the second mutant mouse contains two amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved PCNA interaction domain of FEN1 (Fen1ΔPCNA/ΔPCNA). Fen1E160D/E160D mice develop a considerably elevated incidence of B-cell lymphomas beginning at 6 months of age, particularly in females. By 16 months of age, more than 90% of the Fen1E160D/E160D females have tumors, primarily lymphomas. By contrast, Fen1ΔPCNA/ΔPCNA mouse embryos show extensive apoptosis in the forebrain and vertebrae area and die around stage E9.5 to E11.5. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4571–8]
Identification of novel genes, SYT and SSX, involved in the t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation found in human synovial sarcoma
Authors: Jeremy Clark, Philippe J. Rocques, A. Jayne Crew, Sandra Gill, Janet Shipley, Andrew M.-L. Chan, Barry A. Gusterson, Colin S. Cooper
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Pfizer loses attempt to force journals to reveal peer review comments
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A US federal judge in Illinois has rejected a bid by the drug company Pfizer to force two leading medical journals to hand over confidential documents relating to peer review of studies on its cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors valdecoxib (Bextra) and celecoxib (Celebrex).

The company sought the documents from a number of journals, including the BMJ , to help it defend 3000 product liability lawsuits over alleged side effects of the two drugs.

But the journals have strongly contested the move as a threat to the process of peer …
The Tilton Affair
Authors: Morris H. Saffron
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The history of the Medical Department of the Continental Army is a chronicle of intrigue, controversy, and sullied reputations. The brief administration of the first Surgeon-General ended inauspiciously with his imprisonment for treason; his successor, John Morgan, was dismissed abruptly by Congress for alleged incompetence; while Morgan's archrival, William Shippen, Jr, who followed him in office, was eventually tried by court-martial for "malpractice and misconduct." Only John Cochran, the fourth Surgeon-General, managed to leave the service with an unblemished record and the admiration of the entire corps. Victims of this generally unhappy state of affairs were the thousands of hospitalized soldiers, many of whom perished, not from British muskets or bayonets but from ignorance or neglect of basic methods of sanitation and isolation, or from the indifference of a callous and penurious Congress. This paper is concerned with the efforts of one highly motivated and articulate individual who did all within
Ischemic Stroke and Activated Protein C Resistance
Authors: Claude Bachmeyer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —A poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC) has been reported to be the most common identified coagulation defect in patients with thrombophilia. 1-3 The molecular basis of APC resistance was identified in most patients as a single G-to-A substitution at position 1691 in the factor V gene, described as factor V Leiden. 4 The resulting Arg-to-Gln mutation at position 506, the APC cleavage site in factor Va, leads to an unregulated activation of coagulation.  The cause of ischemic stroke often remains unknown, despite extensive investigations. The association with hypercoagulable states has rarely been reported. 5 We report two cases of ischemic stroke associated with APC resistance.  Report of Cases.—Case 1.  —A 64-year-old nonsmoking woman developed sudden onset of right complete hemiplegia and aphasia. A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the head disclosed a large cerebral infarction in the left middle
Doctors and managers: NHS is unmanageable corporate mess
Authors: P. G Hope
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Objective</h3> UC is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Growing evidence supports a role for epithelial cell defects in driving pathology. Moreover, long-lasting changes in the epithelial barrier have been reported in quiescent UC. Our aim was to investigate whether epithelial cell defects could originate from changes in the epithelial compartment imprinted by the disease. <h3>Design</h3> Epithelial organoid cultures (EpOCs) were expanded ex vivo from the intestinal crypts of non-IBD controls and patients with UC. EpOCs were induced to differentiate (d-EpOCs), and the total RNA was extracted for microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses. Whole intestinal samples were used to determine mRNA expression by qPCR, or protein localisation by immunostaining. <h3>Results</h3> EpOCs from patients with UC maintained self-renewal potential and the capability to give rise to differentiated epithelial cell lineages comparable with control EpOCs. Nonetheless, a group of genes was differentially regulated in the EpOCs and d-EpOCs of patients with UC, including genes associated with antimicrobial defence (ie, <i>LYZ</i>, <i>PLA2G2A</i>), with secretory (ie, <i>ZG16</i>, <i>CLCA1</i>) and absorptive (ie, <i>AQP8</i>, <i>MUC12</i>) functions, and with a gastric phenotype (ie, <i>ANXA10</i>, <i>CLDN18</i> and <i>LYZ</i>). A high rate of concordance was found in the expression profiles of the organoid cultures and whole colonic tissues from patients with UC. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Permanent changes in the colonic epithelium of patients with UC could be promoted by alterations imprinted in the stem cell compartment. These changes may contribute to perpetuation of the disease.
Raid NHS budget and welfare benefits of well-off older people to boost social care funds, Nuffield Trust suggests
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government should reallocate some NHS funding to pay for the social care of elderly people in England, a report from the Nuffield Trust recommends.1 It also suggests removing welfare benefits from well-off older people and increasing taxes on them to make more funds available.

The report considers where the extra money could come from to fund the additional social care recommended by the Dilnot commission last year.2

The commission led by the economist Andrew Dilnot looked at how to provide more support for the many people—often on very low incomes—who no longer receive publicly funded social care because of stricter eligibility criteria and at how to reduce the unfairness of a system in which some people have to sell their homes to pay for care. It proposed a lifetime cap on individual contributions and argued that a degree of certainty on what social care would be funded was needed. This would enable people to …
Regression of T(14;18) bearing B-cell clones following antiviral therapy in chronic HCV infection
Authors: F. Giannelli, S. Moscarella, R.G. Romanelli, M.E. Marrocchi, M. Monti, C. Giannini, P. Caini, G. Laffi, P. Gentilini, A.L. Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Placental transfer of IgG paraprotein with prolonged immunosuppression.
Authors: J M Littlewood, R B Payne
Journal: BMJ (1977)

bosis did not improve as formerly and residual pain, though not troublesome, still remained in the following June.The above case seems to be the first in which ancrod has been given in repeated courses.Antibody formation, investigated by radioimmunoassay after the fifth course, was negligible.Hydrocortisone may have played some part in this because it is known that corticosteroids can suppress antibody forma- tion under some conditions.'iIn this patient the most useful benefit appears to be in reducing the incidence of, thromboembolism after the ancrod therapy.Our evidence for this is based on the number of thromboembolic incidents pre-and post-ancrod administration.Though this point has not been established with certainty, it could, if confirmed, prove a valuable addition to our anticoagulant therapy.
Handbook of Geriatric Psychiatry
Authors: Ben Glover
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Within the last few years, several resource books on conditions peculiar to the aged have been published.<i>Handbook of Geriatric Psychiatry</i>, edited by Ewald Busse and Dan Blazer, is limited to a subdivision of geriatric knowledge where psychological, biological, and social information is necessary for reference and text purposes in the education of new students and practitioners. The combination of an older and a younger geriatrician as editors has produced an assertive, clear, and concise volume. Of the 26 contributors, almost half are from the Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development. The rest represent a variety of institutions, such as the Texas Research Institute of Mental Health Services, University of Washington, and universities in New York State, Chicago, and Tampa. All are among the outstanding researchers and teachers in their medical subspecialties and include in their contributions intelligent basic science material, to give a comprehensive
Endorphinergic Systems and the Response to Stress
Authors: Mark J. Millan, Hinderk M. Emrich
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

Endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs) are extensively distributed throughout the CNS and found in the CSF, pituitary, plasma and many peripheral organs of animals and man. Their intracerebroventricular administration produces a spectrum of morphi-nomimetic effects. Biochemical evidence for an acute stress-evoked release of brain, spinal cord and pituitary pools of EOPs has accumulated and the sensitivity of both adult and developing endorphinergic systems to chronic stress has been shown. EOPs are involved in the mediation of the elevations in nociceptive threshold, core temperature, exploration and grooming behaviour elicited by stress. A role in the attenuation of anxiety is also indicated. Finally an endorphinergic control of pituitary secretion and the activity of peripheral organs under stress has been demonstrated. EOPs are apparently of general importance in the response to stress in both animals and man.
Growth and development of children of mothers treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy: Current status of 43 children
Authors: Agustin Avilés, José C. Díaz‐Maqueo, Alejandra Talavera, Renaldo Guzmán, Edna L. García
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract To evaluate the potential teratogenicity of modern cancer treatment, 43 children born to mothers with hematological malignancies (18 with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, 14 Hodgkin disease, seven acute leukemia, and four with chronic granulocytic leukemia) who received chemotherapy during some portion of their pregnancy, including 19 of these 43 who received chemotherapy during the first trimester, were examined for physical health, growth, and development. Immunological, hematological, and cytogenetic status also were evaluated. The children's ages ranged from 3 to 19 years. The children had a careful history and physical examination to detect any abnormal symptoms or signs and the mother's previous chemotherapy was carefully documented. In all of the children studied, physical, neurological, psychological, hematological, immune function, and cytogenetics were normal. These results suggest that chemotherapy can be administered during pregnancy, even during the first trimester, because it is not hazardous to the fetus; nevertheless, this study is inadequate in size to exclude the possibility of teratogenesis, and more reports are necessary to define the best treatment from cancer during pregnancy.
Statistics notes: Treatment allocation in controlled trials: why randomise?
Authors: D. G Altman, J M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Since 1991 the BMJ has had a policy of not publishing trials that have not been properly randomised, except in rare cases where this can be justified.1 Why?

The simplest approach to evaluating a new treatment is to compare a single group of patients given the new treatment with a group previously treated with an alternative treatment. Usually such studies compare two consecutive series of patients in the same hospital(s). This approach is seriously flawed. Problems will arise from the mixture of retrospective and prospective studies, and we can never satisfactorily eliminate possible biases due to other factors (apart from treatment) that may have changed over time. Sacks et al compared trials of the same treatments in which randomised or historical controls were used and found a consistent tendency for historically controlled trials to yield more optimistic results than randomised trials.2 The use of historical controls can be justified only in tightly controlled situations of relatively rare conditions, such …
Psychological Assessment of Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: John S. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Psychologic assessment was attempted preoperatively and postoperatively in 19 patients who had cardiac revascularization. Results suggest that there is some validity in the common stereotype of the personality of the patient with myocardial ischemia as tense, striving, and overcontrolled. Two disparate modes of reacting to the threat of surgery may be distinguished—one of overt depression and anxiety, the other of hysteroid denial. Also postoperatively, two different responses were observed—placebo effect and psychologic disability.
Virilizing Adrenal Ganglioneuroma
Authors: Eberhard Mack
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A VARIETY of hormonally active tumors may induce masculinization in the female. We report a ganglioneuroma located in the adrenal gland, which elaborated sufficient testosterone to virilize a woman. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman was first seen in 1962 at age 15 years, with the complaint of excess hair and a deep voice. Vital signs on this occasion and subsequently were normal, especially the patient's blood pressure, which was 120/80 mm Hg. Menarche occurred at age 11 years. Menstrual cycles were considered to be normal for one year, at which time the menses became irregular. At age 15 years, the patient was first examined because of masculinization, manifested by clitoral hypertrophy and by severe hirsutism, which required daily shaving. In 1962, endocrine evaluations, including urinary steroid determinations (Table 1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation, and dexamethasone suppression test, were normal. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid level was measured early in the
The Neurotrophic Receptor TrkB in Anoikis Resistance and Metastasis: A Perspective
Authors: Thomas R. Geiger, Daniel S. Peeper
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Resistance to anoikis (“detachment-induced apoptosis”) has been suggested to be a prerequisite for cancer cells to metastasize. In a functional screen for suppressors of anoikis, we identified the neurotrophic receptor TrkB. Upon s.c. inoculation in mice, TrkB-expressing cells formed highly invasive and metastatic tumors. Here, we discuss our findings within the context of the proposed role of TrkB in human malignancies and address the question of its feasibility as a target for cancer therapy.