tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON THE URINARY MUCOUS TRACT, AND NOT THE BLOOD STREAM, AS THE ROUTE OF INVASION BY PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1907)

INVASION wBYORGAISMS THROUGH URINARY TRACT.[m I does not seem very ill during 4he attack in spite of a high -temperature.This type is, I think, fairly well recognized, there is the 4udden rise of temperature without apparent cause, sub- siding in a week or so; then the patient remains well perhaps fo,s ome months, and then wlthout warning the attack recuis.The attacks generally tend to become fewer and less severe after puberty is passed, bat I have known them continue till 19 years of age at least.I am inclined to think that children of a neurotic type are the -ones most often affected.Some children, it must be admitted, are more prone to lever attacks from slight causes than others.Another class of child is more prone to vomiting attacks than the -ordinary child.Other children are more prone to nerve storms, or in other words to epilepsy, the exciting cause of which may defy -our best endeavour.-Iachildren who suffer from recurring fever attacks It is probable their heat or vasomotor centre is unstable and easily influenced by toxins or other causes.That bacteria may enter the ~syatem through the naso-pharynx, and that the adenoid tissue of the naso-pharynx if excessive may offer a suitable ground for their cultivation is highly probable.Any
Inheritance of the Earth
Authors: S. C. McCrae
Journal: JAMA (1971)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— This is in response to the interesting Editorial (215: 788, 1971) entitled, Who Shall Inherit the Earth, by Chapman.Even more thought-provoking than the books by Ehrlich are those of Robert Ardrey who was mentioned. While Ehrlich describes very well the problems, Ardrey inquires, in a number of interesting ways, who man is in relation to nature and, from this, in what direction he might better be heading. Ardrey agrees with the Chapman in blaming Rousseau for much of our present dilemma, so much so that he gave his last book the same title as a book by Rousseau, The Social Contract, in a fervent attempt to correct the fallacies proliferating from Rousseau's philosophy. Rousseau painted man as a fallen angel. Ardrey would more optimistically describe man as a risen ape.Ardrey may have something important to say regarding the directions we are taking in providing for
Initial events in the formation of immune deposits in passive Heymann nephritis. gp330-anti-gp330 immune complexes form in epithelial coated pits and rapidly become attached to the glomerular basement membrane.
Authors: D Kerjaschki, A Miettinen, M G Farquhar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The nephritogenic antigen of Heymann's nephritis (HN), gp330, was previously demonstrated (4-9) to be a resident glycoprotein of coated pits in the glomerular and proximal tubule epithelium of rats, and anti-gp330 IgG given intravenously was found to form IDs in glomeruli (passive HN). The purpose of this study was to investigate the detailed events that occur in the formation of IDs in passive HN. HN was induced by the injection of either 125I-labeled or unlabeled anti-gp330 IgG. At various times after injection (15 min to 8 d) the kidneys of some of the injected rats were fixed by perfusion, and the distribution of the rabbit IgG was determined by immunofluorescence and by immunoelectron microscopy. Glomeruli were isolated from the kidneys of injected rats and used for isolation of GBM fractions or for elution of the bound IgG. At 15 min to 1 h after injection, the rabbit IgG was localized by immunocytochemistry exclusively in coated pits along the podocyte plasmalemma facing the GBM. By 1-8 d, anti-gp330 IgG was detected in larger electron-dense IDs often located under the slit diaphragms. Serial sectioning revealed that each of the IDs maintained contact with a coated pit at some level. When GBMs isolated from rats given radiolabeled anti-gp330 IgG were examined by electron microscopy, the IDs were found to remain attached to the GBMs as early as 15 min after injection and coisolated with them at all time points. By double-immunolabeling of the isolated GBMs with two sizes of gold particles, both the antigen (gp330) and the anti-gp330 IgG could be demonstrated in IDs at all time points. When the amount of radiolabeled anti-gp330 bound to GBM fractions was compared with that of isolated glomeruli, it was found that 20% of the radiolabel remained bound to the purified GBMs at 15 min after injection, and 90% at 3 d. The bound IgG was released only by treatments that disrupt antibody-antigen complexes (high and low pH), but not by the other treatments we tried (detergent, high salt, heparinase, or collagenase digestion). When the IgG bound to glomeruli was eluted with acid citrate buffer 3 d after injection, it was found to specifically immunoprecipitate only gp330 from detergent-solubilized 125I-labeled kidney microvillar vesicles. By isoelectric focusing the eluate was found to be enriched in IgGs with acidic isoelectric points.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The β2-adrenergic receptor Arg16-gly polymorphism and interactions involving β2- and β3-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with variations in longitudinal serum lipid profiles: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: D.Michael Hallman, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Eric Boerwinkle, Gerald S. Berenson
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis.
Authors: G P van Berge Henegouwen, K H Brandt, H Eyssen, G Parmentier
Journal: Gut (1976)

Samples of serum, bile, and urine were collected simultaneously from patients with cholestasis of varying aetiology and from patients with cirrhosis; their bile acid composition was determined by gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In cholestasis, the patterns in all three body fluids differed consistently and strikingly. In serum, cholic acid was the major bile acid and most bile acids (greater than 93%) were unsulphated, whereas, in urine, chenodeoxycholic was the major bile acid, and the majority of bile acids (greater than 60%) were sulphated. Secondary bile acids were virtually absent in bile, serum, and urine. The total amount of bile acids excreted for 24 hours correlated highly with the concentration of serum bile acids; in patients with complete obstruction, urinary excretion averaged 71-6 mg/24 h. In cirrhotic patients, serum bile acids were less raised, and chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant acid. In healthy controls, serum bile acids were consistently richer in chenodeoxycholic acid than biliary bile acids, and no bile acids were present in urine. No unusual monohydroxy bile acids were present in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but, in several patients, there was a considerable amount of hyocholic acid present in the urinary bile acids. The analyses of individual bile acids in serum and urine did not appear to provide helpful information in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, in cholestasis, conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with sulphate becomes a major biochemical pathway, urine becomes a major route of bile acid excretion, and abnormal bile acids are formed.
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents are associated with reduced survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Eirini Katodritou, Evgenia Verrou, Christina Hadjiaggelidou, Vassiliki Gastari, Konstantinos Laschos, Loukas Kontovinis, Dimitrios Kapetanos, Nikos Constantinou, Evangelos Terpos, Konstantinos Zervas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) on cancer patients' survival has recently become a matter of extensive discussion. Studies in solid tumors demonstrated that ESA adversely affects survival. This issue has not been sufficiently studied in patients with multiple myeloma. In this study, which included 323 multiple myeloma patients followed in our Institution between 1988 and 2007, we demonstrated by using a proportional hazards model including multiple covariates (age, LDH, Hb, platelets, serum creatinine, ISS score, beta2 microglobulin, and ESA administration) that ESA administration is associated with reduced survival (hazards ratio: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.28-2.77). Anemia, which is considered a predictor for survival, platelets, serum creatinine, ISS score, and LDH, were not significant, whereas, age and beta2 microglobulin confirmed their predicting value in the multivariate analysis. With a median follow-up of 31 months (range 1-238), the median survival of patients in the ESA group was 31 months (95% CI: 25-37), whereas in the group without ESA administration it was 67 months (95% CI: 55-79) (P < 0.001). The median progression-free survival for patients in the ESA group was 14 months (95% CI: 12-16), and for the group without ESA it was 30 months (95% CI: 24-36) (P < 0.001). These results indicate that ESA may have a detrimental impact on MM patients' outcomes and, thus, in this context, they should be used with rigorous criteria.
Constitutional telomerase mutations are genetic risk factors for cirrhosis
Authors: Rodrigo T. Calado, Jennifer Brudno, Paulomi Mehta, Joseph J. Kovacs, Colin Wu, Marco A. Zago, Stephen J. Chanock, Thomas D. Boyer, Neal S. Young
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Some patients with liver disease progress to cirrhosis, but the risk factors for cirrhosis development are unknown. Dyskeratosis congenita, an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with mucocutaneous anomalies, pulmonary fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is caused by germline mutations of genes in the telomerase complex. We examined whether telomerase mutations also occurred in sporadic cirrhosis. In all, 134 patients with cirrhosis of common etiologies treated at the Liver Research Institute, University of Arizona, between May 2008 and July 2009, and 528 healthy subjects were screened for variation in the TERT and TERC genes by direct sequencing; an additional 1,472 controls were examined for the most common genetic variation observed in patients. Telomere length of leukocytes was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional effects of genetic changes were assessed by transfection of mutation-containing vectors into telomerase-deficient cell lines, and telomerase activity was measured in cell lysates. Nine of the 134 patients with cirrhosis (7%) carried a missense variant in TERT , resulting in a cumulative carrier frequency significantly higher than in controls ( P = 0.0009). One patient was homozygous and eight were heterozygous. The allele frequency for the most common missense TERT variant was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis (2.6%) than in 2,000 controls (0.7%; P = 0.0011). One additional patient carried a TERC mutation. The mean telomere length of leukocytes in patients with cirrhosis, including six mutant cases, was shorter than in age-matched controls ( P = 0.0004). Conclusion: Most TERT gene variants reduced telomerase enzymatic activity in vitro . Loss-of-function telomerase gene variants associated with short telomeres are risk factors for sporadic cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2011;)
Diagnosis of Dementia Using Perfusion SPECT Imaging at the Patient’s Initial Visit to a Cognitive Disorder Clinic
Authors: Yoshitaka Uchida, Satoshi Minoshima, Shinichi Okada, Tetsuya Kawata, Hisao Ito
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of brain perfusion SPECT in patients visiting the cognitive disorder clinic for initial evaluation using 3D-SSP compared with using standard transaxial section.Standard transaxial section displays and 3D-SSP z-score maps obtained after administration of Tc-99m ECD or I-123 IMP were randomly interpreted in 315 patients who visited initially to the cognitive disorder clinic (age 46-88 years; 162 women, 153 men). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed.One hundred thirty-seven patients were clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer disease and 178 patients were diagnosed with other disorders and age-associated cognitive decline. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy calculated using standard transaxial display were 61%, 70%, 61%, 70%, and 66%, respectively, and using the 3D-SSP z-score map were 90%, 74%, 73%, 90%, and 81%, respectively. Particularly, the sensitivity value improved in mild cases compared with severe cases using 3D-SSP. Diagnostic performance with 3D-SSP was superior in both mild dementia (Az = 0.64 [section] vs 0.81 [3D-SSP], P = 0.001) and severe dementia (Az = 0.75 [section] vs 0.90 [3D-SSP], P = 0.002).Brain perfusion SPECT was useful for diagnosis in patients who come to the cognitive disorder clinic for initial evaluation using 3D-SSP.
Sotalol in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: K P Kunze, M Schlüter, K H Kuck
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We evaluated the effects of intravenous and long-term oral sotalol treatment in 17 patients with an accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathway. All patients had a history of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. During electrophysiologic study intravenous (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and oral (240 to 320 mg/day) sotalol caused significant increases of sinus cycle length, AV nodal conduction time, and refractory periods of atrial and ventricular myocardium and accessory pathway. AV reciprocating tachycardia, which was inducible and sustained in 15 patients at control, was still inducible after intravenous sotalol in 14 patients, including one in whom it was not inducible at control. However, tachycardia became nonsustained in 10 patients. In seven patients who underwent repeat drug testing while on oral sotalol, results were the same as after intravenous sotalol. Sixteen patients were followed-up for 36 months (median value). Fifteen of them were clinically free of symptoms or experienced marked improvement, despite recurrences of tachycardia in two. In a third patient sotalol had to be withdrawn because of recurrent supraventricular tachycardia. Orthostatic hypotension occurred in five patients and required withdrawal of sotalol in one. To predict the long-term clinical outcome of patients, exercise testing and Holter monitoring were of little or no value. Programmed electrical stimulation predicted clinical outcome in 63% after intravenous and in 86% after oral sotalol. This study shows that long-term treatment with sotalol is highly effective in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and regular supraventricular tachycardia.
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Diabetic Syndrome Following Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With Didanosine
Authors: Medha N Munshi, Rebecca E Martin, Vivian A Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether didanosine (DDI), one of the drugs commonly used to treat infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), contributes to the development of diabetes and hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic syndrome (HNKDS). CASE SUMMARY One female patient was treated with DDI for infection with HIV during pregnancy. Soon after starting DDI treatment, she developed diabetes, which progressed to HNKDS. CONCLUSIONS Although not reported in the literature, hyperglycemia following treatment with DDI has been noted in 82 patients and is usually associated with pancreatitis. DDI should be recognized as one of the drugs known to potentially cause diabetes and HNKDS. With the increasing use of DDI and other drugs that cause hyperglycemia, such as pentamidine and dapsone, blood glucose should be monitored frequently in the HIV-infected patients.
A CASE OF ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM
Authors: G.A.G. PETERKIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1945)

Journal Article A CASE OF ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM Get access G.A.G. PETERKIN G.A.G. PETERKIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 57, Issue 3-4, 1 March 1945, Pages 65–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1945.tb11200.x Published: 01 March 1945
THE THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF SPORTS ACTIVITY IN NEUROTIC PATIENTS
Authors: P. T. Kranidiotis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

Five cases of neurotic patients being oriented to sports practice as an additional therapeutic measure are reported in brief. The working mechanisms of sublimation, overcompensation, sharing aggressive guilt within group, displacement, turning aggressive feelings toward one's self, and denial of win used in the canalization of inner needs through sports activity are discussed. The favourable influence of sports activity in the expression of various conflictual tendencies and on the overall neurotic symptomatology is stressed and the usefulness of the dynamic exploration in sports orientation of athletes is concluded.
Baclofen in the Treatment of Spasticity
Authors: P. Hudgson, D. Weightman
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Baclofen† (Lioresal), a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid, was introduced in 1966 as a possible treatment for spasticity due to corticospinal tract lesions. Preliminary studies suggested that it may be more effective than other spasmolytic agents currently available, and a double-blind controlled trial in a group of 23 patients against placebo has shown it to be significantly more effective.
A Potential Role for F-18 FDG PET/CT in Evaluation and Management of Fibrosing Mediastinitis
Authors: Amol M. Takalkar, Gabriel L. Bruno, Akinloye J. Makanjoula, Ghassan El-Haddad, David L. Lilien, D Keith Payne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Fibrosing mediastinitis is an uncommon benign disorder, and its pathogenesis and management remain unclear. Conventional imaging techniques (chest radiographs, CT, MRI) may suggest its diagnosis but are frequently nonspecific, and it frequently mimics a malignant process by presenting as a mediastinal mass without calcifications, encasing, and infiltrating adjacent mediastinal structures, and showing an overall aggressive behavior. The value of FDG PET imaging in this entity remains largely unknown with only a few case reports in the literature, and often, biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis. We report a case of biopsy proven fibrosing mediastinitis highlighting the utility of PET in the evaluation and management of the disease.
Case of Urethro-Vaginal, Recto-Vaginal Fistulae, and Calculus Vesicae
Authors: S. Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1852)

History.-That she was confined (being primipara) in London without assistance; the child still-born.That, after the labour, sloughing took place, and she was compelled to seek advice at one of the metropolitan hospitals, in which she remained three months, and at the expiration of that period was dismissed as incurable.Since then she has continued to suffer from the con- stant involuntary escape of urine and feces, which passed through the vagina, and so distressing was her state on this, my first visit, that she was unable to move beyond her bed, or bed-chair, frbm the intense paia and uneasiness produced by the irritating and offensive discharges4 On examination I found the external genitals immensely swollen, excoriated, and smelling most disgustingly.On introducing a speculum, I discovered that fistulous communications existed between the rectum and vagina, and urethra and vagina.Treatment.-Icarefully cauterised the margins of the fistulous apertures with nitrate of silver, and adapted a vulcanised India-rubber apparatus to collect the urine, and prevent excoriation, and at the same time filled the
Differential histopathology of primary atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions in coronary arteries and saphenous vein bypass grafts: Analysis of tissue obtained from 73 patients by directional atherectomy
Authors: Kirk N. Garratt, William D. Edwards, Urs P. Kaufmann, Ronald E. Vlietstra, David R. Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
THE EFFECT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE ON DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: John R. Hoyer, Leon W. Hoyer, Robert A. Good, Richard M. Condie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The development of tuberculin hypersensitivity in guinea pigs after BCG stimulation was suppressed by intramuscular administration of 50 mg/kg/day of 6-mercaptopurine started at the time of stimulation. Fasting of guinea pigs after BCG stimulation had no effect on the development of tuberculin hypersensitivity.
Enhanced delivery of hydrophilic peptides in vitro by transdermal microneedle pretreatment
Authors: Suohui Zhang, Yuqin Qiu, Yunhua Gao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

The aims of this study were to investigate the utility of solid microneedle arrays (150 µm in length) in enhancing transdermal delivery of peptides and to examine the relationship between peptide permeation rates and D2O flux. Four model peptides were used (Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg [tetrapeptide-3, 456.6 Da], Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly [hexapeptide, 498.6 Da], AC-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH2 [acetyl hexapeptide-3, 889 Da] and Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 [oxytocin, 1007.2 Da]). The influence of microneedle pretreatment on skin permeation was evaluated using porcine ear skin with Franze diffusion cell. Peptide permeation across the skin was significantly enhanced by microneedle pretreatment, and permeation rates were dependent on peptide molecular weights. A positive correlation between D2O flux and acetyl hexapeptide-3 clearances suggests that convective solvent flow contributes to the enhanced transdermal peptide delivery. It is concluded that solid microneedle arrays are effective devices to enhance skin delivery of peptides.
TRATAMIENTO DE FUGAS Y PERFORACIONES ESOFÁGICAS DE ORIGEN BENIGNO MEDIANTE LA COLOCACIÓN TEMPORAL DE PRÓTESIS METÁLICAS COMPLETAMENTE RECUBIERTAS
Authors: A Orive-Calzada, A Calderón-García, AB Díaz-Roca, A Bernal-Martínez, MT Bravo-Rodríguez, M Navajas-Laboa, L Hijona-Murumendiaraz, S Torres-Burgos, JL Cabriada-Nuño, VM Orive-Cura
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: La colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles, tanto parcial como completamente recubiertas es una alternativa conocida y eficaz a la cirugía en el tratamiento de fistulas esofágicas de origen neoplásico. Las perforaciones de etiología benigna, siguen siendo una patología muy grave, potencialmente mortal incluso a pesar de recibir tratamiento quirúrgico precozmente. En este estudio, describimos nuestra experiencia en la utilización de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles completamente recubiertas (PMA-CR) en el tratamiento de fugas, fístulas y perforaciones esofágicas de etiología benigna.
Effect of <i>all‐trans</i>‐Retinoic acid on the hypercoagulable state of patients with breast cancer
Authors: A. Falanga, S. Toma, M. Marchetti, R. Palumbo, P. Raffo, R. Consonni, S. Marziali, G. Dastoli, T. Barbui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

To evaluate whether all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is able to modulate the hemostatic system in patients with solid tumors, we studied patients with locally advanced breast cancer who were enrolled in a Phase Ib study of ATRA +/- Tamoxifen (Tam). In this study, two groups of 15 patients/each were treated for 21 days before operation with ATRA at three doses (15, 45, or 75 mg/m(2)/day on alternate days) given alone (group 1) or in combination with Tam (group 2). One additional group received Tam alone. Plasma samples were evaluated for hypercoagulation markers (FVIIa, F1+2, TAT, D-dimer), fibrinolysis proteins (t-PA, PAI-1), and coagulation inhibitors (protein C, AT). At baseline, cancer patients had FVIIa, F1+2, TAT, and PAI-1 significantly greater than control subjects. During treatment, in the patients given ATRA alone, hypercoagulation markers appeared unmodified. Instead, subjects given Tam alone had a significant elevation of FVIIa, F1+2, and TAT versus baseline. However, in the ATRA + Tam groups, hypercoagulation markers were decreased compared with Tam alone. These results suggest that in selected conditions, pre-operative ATRA may modulate the hypercoagulable state of breast cancer patients.