tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Use and Interpretation of Competing Risks Regression Models
Authors: James J. Dignam, Qiang Zhang, Masha Kocherginsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Competing risks observations, in which patients are subject to a number of potential failure events, are a feature of most clinical cancer studies. With competing risks, several modeling approaches are available to evaluate the relationship of covariates to cause-specific failures. We discuss the use and interpretation of commonly used competing risks regression models. Experimental Design: For competing risks analysis, the influence of covariate can be evaluated in relation to cause-specific hazard or on the cumulative incidence of the failure types. We present simulation studies to illustrate how covariate effects differ between these approaches. We then show the implications of model choice in an example from a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trial for prostate cancer. Results: The simulation studies illustrate that, depending on the relationship of a covariate to both the failure type of principal interest and the competing failure type, different models can result in substantially different effects. For example, a covariate that has no direct influence on the hazard of a primary event can still be significantly associated with the cumulative probability of that event, if the covariate influences the hazard of a competing event. This is a logical consequence of a fundamental difference between the model formulations. The example from RTOG similarly shows differences in the influence of age and tumor grade depending on the endpoint and the model type used. Conclusions: Competing risks regression modeling requires that one considers the specific question of interest and subsequent choice of the best model to address it. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2301–8. ©2012 AACR.
Disclosing Results to Genomic Research Participants: Differences That Matter
Authors: Alessandro Blasimme, Alexandra Soulier, Sophie Julia, Samantha Leonard, Anne Cambon-Thomsen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This work has received funds from the European Commission, through the CAGEKID project, grant agreement 241669, and the TECHGENE project, grant agreement 223143, funded by the EC Seventh Framework Programme theme FP7-HEALTH.
Dance injuries: assessment of risk factors by qualitative method
Authors: C Silveira Bolling, T Marcio Magalhães Pinheiro, A Martinez Hernaez
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The dance literature has been researching injuries risk factors but results are divergent. New factors need to be searched and the qualitative methods are a good way to search. Objectives To search factors that affect the health of the dancers, from the dancer's representations. Design This is a cross-sectional study using a qualitative approach, from the perspective of the dancers. Setting Professional dancers of a public dance company in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants 22 dancers. All participants should be employed as dancers. Interventions The methodology was the application of free lists to identify the elements of the cultural field of the dancers, asking: what influence your health in your work? Two focus groups were conducted to discuss the relationship between health and work. Data analysis was performed with the software ATLAS.ti by the concepts of Grounded Theory. Mains outcome measurements The elements listed were coded and grouped for the development of the hypothesis through data analysis. Results The dancers have described aspects of the organisation, as the dynamics of classes and tests, as well as management decisions, which generate changes in training load. The relationships between colleagues, directors and choreographers have been described as part of the health. The psychological aspects were represented in the duality of pleasure and suffering, beyond the great psychological pressure they are subjected to during the shows. They also describe strategies to prevent injuries, like social support, look for pleasure in the dance and changes in the way to do the classes and shows. Conclusion The dancer presented as the work organisation and planning, the management, the working relationships, and psychological dynamics, which highlights the importance of including these aspects in future studies concerning the health of the dancer.
Outcome of Treatment in Children with Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Maurizio Aricò, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Bruce Camitta, Martin Schrappe, Judith Chessells, André Baruchel, Paul Gaynon, Lewis Silverman, Gritta Janka-Schaub, Willem Kamps, Ching-Hon Pui, V. Conter, H. Riehm, N. Heerema, S. Sallan, J. Pullen, J. Shuster, A. Carroll, S. Raimondi, S. Richards, Giuseppe Masera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-positive ALL) have a poor prognosis, and there is no consensus on the optimal treatment for this variant of ALL.We reviewed the medical records of patients with Ph-positive ALL who were treated with intensive chemotherapy, with or without bone marrow transplantation, by 10 study groups or large single institutions from 1986 to 1996. Data on 326 children and young adults, who ranged in age from 0.4 to 19.9 years (median, 8.1), were analyzed to determine the rate of complete remission and the probability of event-free, disease-free and overall survival according to standard prognostic factors and type of treatment.The 267 patients who achieved a complete remission after induction chemotherapy (82 percent) were stratified into three subgroups according to the age and leukocyte count at the time of diagnosis: those with the best prognosis (a leukocyte count of less than 50,000 per cubic millimeter and an age of less than 10 years; 95 patients); those with an intermediate prognosis (intermediate-risk features; 92 patients); and those with the worst prognosis (a leukocyte count of more than 100,000 per cubic millimeter; 80 patients). The estimates of disease-free survival at five years (+/-SE) were 49+/-5 percent) for patients with the best prognosis), 30+/-5 percent (for those with an intermediate prognosis), and 20+/-5 percent (for those with the worst prognosis) (P<0.001 for the overall comparison). We also found that transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA-matched related donor offered significantly greater benefit than intensive chemotherapy alone in terms of protecting patients from relapse or other adverse events (relative risk, 0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.5; P<0.001). This finding was consistent in all three groups.Unlike the usual type of all, Ph-positive ALL is associated with a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, in some patients with favorable prognosis features, the disease can be be controlled by intensive chemotherapy. Transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA-matched related donor is superior to other types of transplantation and to intensive chemotherapy alone in prolonging initial complete remissions.
Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis — Back to the Future?
Authors: Edoardo Camenzind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has become the most frequently used method for myocardial revascularization.1 The use of uncoated coronary-artery stents during percutaneous intervention has decreased the incidence of acute complications and improved the outcome of patients,2 but restenosis within the stent compromises the long-term results. As a consequence, the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis have become priorities in interventional cardiology.Drug-eluting stents, which markedly reduce in-stent restenosis,3 have relegated all other therapeutic approaches to the background. However, it is gradually emerging that rates of late restenosis after the use of drug-eluting stents are higher than initial experience suggested, particularly . . .
Osteotherapy in New York.
Authors: Frank Van Fleet
Journal: JAMA (1904)

New York, March 26, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A bill has been introduced in the legislature of the state of New York by Senator Fitzgerald, entitled "An Act to Define and Regulate the Practice of Osteotherapy." It is Senate bill No. 983, introductory No. 761, and has been referred to the committee on judiciary, of which Hon. Edgar T. Brackett is chairman. This bill defines "osteotherapy" as follows: "The practice of osteotherapy is defined to be a system, method or science of healing disease without the use of drugs or medicine of any kind. It is based on the proven laws of anatomy and physiology, and comprises scientific and thorough knowledge of the structure and functions of the human mechanism, to apply certain organic laws and natural remedial resources, within the human organism itself, and by means of scientific manipulations and adjustment, assist nature, in harmonious accord with its own
Lipoproteins and Lipolytic Plasma Enzymes in a Case of Tangier Disease
Authors: Heiner Greten, Thomas Hannemann, Wilfried Gusek, Oskar Vivell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and a triglyceride lipase of hepatic origin were partially purified in a new case of Tangier disease. No deficiency in either of these enzymes could ...
Letter by Luermans et al Regarding Article, “Lack of Association Between Migraine Headache and Patent Foramen Ovale: Results of a Case-Control Study”
Authors: Justin G.L.M. Luermans, Martijn C. Post, Werner I.H.L. Budts
Journal: Circulation (2010)

With great interest we read the article by Garg et al. 1 In this large case-control study, no association between migraine headaches and the presence or size of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) could be demonstrated.This is a conspicuous finding, because many observational studies found an association between migraine with aura (MA) and the presence of a PFO. 2 The difference between the earlier studies and the findings reported by Garg et al might be explained in different ways.First, in the observational studies most patients suffered a symptomatic PFO, which indicates a history of a cryptogenic cerebral ischemic event. 2 This was not the case in the study of Garg et al.Second, one of the strongest predictors for the occurrence of a cryptogenic cerebral event is the combination of a PFO with an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). 3Garg et al did not identify these "high-risk" PFOs, which might have influenced their observational results.Third, the presence of a PFO and/or ASA can only be clearly demonstrated by transoesophageal echocardiography, and not by transthoracic echocardiography or transcranial Doppler, as were used in the current study.Contrast transthoracic echocardiography might underestimate the prevalence of a PFO, whereas transcranial Doppler might overestimate right-to-left shunting. 4These methodological shortcomings call for careful interpretation of the results.Fourth, as stated earlier, the strongest correlation between PFO/ASA and migraine is MA. 2 Matching with MA patients would increase the power of the analysis.Fifth, concerning the power of the trial, the authors predict PFO in controls and cases in 15% and 30%, although these prevalences are not considered the "current ones."Indeed, most studies report a prevalence of 25% in the general population, which they also found in their controls.This might compromise their power statistics.Finally, we recently found in a large prospective observational study (including almost 1000 consecutive patients who underwent a transoesophageal echocardiography) that only a PFO with ASA was a strong independent predictor for MA. 5 In conclusion, we therefore hypothesize that the link between the association of PFO and MA might be ASA, which was not investigated in the trial discussed above.
Partial Autosomal Trisomy and Translocation
Authors: Patrick F. Bray, Sister Ann Josephine
Journal: JAMA (1964)

An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was born to phenotypically and karyotypically normal parents who had previously had three normal children. The child exhibited growth failure, cardiac, renal, and musculoskeletal anomalies and died at 7 months of age. Karyotype analysis revealed 46 chromosomes including one abnormally long chromosome. On the basis of short arm length and the centromere position it seems likely that a member of the B group (chromosomes 4 and 5) received the translocated partially trisomic chromosome. Although definitive cytological and clinical proof is lacking, it seems most likely that the partially trisomic chromosome resulted from nondisjunction of a D or E group chromosome.
Children in intensive therapy units.
Authors: R. M. Forrester
Journal: BMJ (1970)

safe and effective prophylactic," and because "50% of acute infarcts develop major ventricular dysrythmias."(4) Consider intravenous atropine for bradycardia.(5) If the pulse is irregular with runs of ectopic beats 50mg. of lignocaine slowly intravenously and the rest of the syringe pack intramuscularly.(6) Finally, beseech the ambulance men to give a smooth, steady, clammer-free ride to Treliske's coronary care unit.-I am, etc.,
Systolic blood pressure
Authors: J. N Basile
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Elevation of systolic blood pressure predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease better than increases in diastolic blood pressure.1 Although this was observed more than three decades ago, no attempt was made to translate this evidence into practice until in 1993, when a report of the fifth joint national committee of the United States for the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure recognised isolated systolic hypertension as an important target for the control of blood pressure.2 Nevertheless it is the elevation in systolic blood pressure that still limits our ability to control blood pressure to the recommended goal of less than 140/90 mm Hg.3

Although associated with more variability in measurement, systolic blood pressure is easier to determine and allows more appropriate risk stratification than diastolic blood pressure. In a recent analysis of the Framingham heart study, knowing only the systolic blood pressure correctly classified the stage of blood pressure in 99% of adults over age 60 whereas knowing the diastolic blood pressure allowed only 66% to be classified correctly.4 Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure more than or equal to 140 …
ENURESIS, FIRESETTING AND CRUELTY TO ANIMALS: A TRIAD PREDICTIVE OF ADULT CRIME
Authors: DANIEL S. HELLMAN, NATHAN BLACKMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

A study of 84 prisoners shows that out of the 31 charged with aggressive crimes against the person, three-fourths had the triad of enuresis, firesetting and cruelty to animals whereas in the 53 subjects accused of a nonaggressive crime only 15 had either the triad or a partial triad. It is postulated that the presence of the triad in the child may be of pathognomonic importance in predicting violent antisocial behavior. The relationship of the triad with early rejection or severe deprivation by parental figures is discussed. The importance of early detection of the triad and serious attention toward resolving the tensions that precipitated it is stressed.
Nasal nitric oxide concentration in paranasal sinus inflammatory diseases
Authors: J-F. Arnal, P. Flores, J. Rami, M Murris-Espin, F Bremont, M. Pasto I Aguilla, E. Serrano, A Didier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

In normal upper airways, nitric oxide is generated by the paranasal sinus epithelium and then diffuses into the nasal cavities. This study examined whether or not nasal NO concentration is affected by paranasal sinus inflammatory diseases. The influence of obstruction (nasal polyposis) and/or inflammation (allergy or chronic sinusitis) of the paranasal sinuses on nasal NO concentration was evaluated in nasal allergic (n=7 patients) or nonallergic (n=20) polyposis, nonallergic chronic sinusitis (n=10) and Kartagener9s syndrome (n=6) and compared with control subjects (n=42). A score of alteration of the paranasal sinus (number of altered and occluded sinuses) was determined by a computed tomography scan. The nasal NO concentration in nasal nonallergic polyposis (150+/-20 parts per billion (ppb)) was significantly decreased compared with both controls (223+/-6 ppb, p=0.01) and polyposis with allergy (272+/-28 ppb, p&lt;0.0001). In each group, the nasal NO concentration was inversely correlated with the extent of tomodensitometric alteration of the paranasal sinuses. In Kartagener9s syndrome, the nasal NO concentration (14+/-2 ppb) was drastically decreased compared with all other groups, despite the presence of open paranasal sinuses. Thus, the nasal NO concentration in patients with nasal polyposis appeared to be dependent on both the allergic status and the degree of obstruction of the paranasal sinuses.
Haemochromatosis and HLA–H
Authors: Anne Marie Jouanolle, Gwenola Gandon, Pascal Jézéquel, Martine Blayau, Marie Laure Campion, Jacqueline Yaouanq, Jean Mosser, Patricia Fergelot, Bruno Chauvel, Pascale Bouric, Gwenaelle Carn, Nancy Andrieux, Isabelle Gicquel, Jean-Yves Le Gall, Véronique David
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Targeting oncogene expression to endothelial cells induces proliferation of the myelo-erythroid lineage by repressing the notch pathway
Authors: E Alghisi, M Distel, M Malagola, V Anelli, C Santoriello, L Herwig, A Krudewig, C V Henkel, D Russo, M C Mione
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Neural grafting in human disease versus animal models: Cautionary notes
Authors: Kathy Steece-Collier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Over the past two decades, research on neural transplantation in animal models of neurodegeneration has provided provocative in sights into the therapeutic use of grafted tissue for various neurological diseases. Although great strides have been made and functional benefits gained in these animal models, much information is still needed with regard to transplantation in human patients. Several factors are unique to human disease, for example, age of the recipient, duration of disease, and drug interaction with grafted cells; these need to be explored before grafting can be considered a safe and effective therapeutic tool.
Justifying a Presumption of Restraint in Animal Biotechnology Research
Authors: Autumn Fiester
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Articulating the public's widespread unease about animal biotechnology has not been easy, and the first attempts have not been able to provide an effective tool for navigating the moral permissibility of this research. Because these moral intuitions have been difficult to cash out, they have been belittled as representing nothing more than fear or confusion. But there are sound philosophical reasons supporting the public's opposition to animal biotechnology and these arguments justify a default position of resistance I call the Presumption of Restraint. The Presumption of Restraint constitutes a justificatory process that sets out the criteria for permitting or rejecting individual biotechnology projects. This Presumption of Restraint can be overridden by compelling arguments that speak to a project's moral and scientific merit. This strategy creates a middle-of-the-road stance that can embrace particular projects, while rejecting others. The Presumption of Restraint can also serve as a model for assessing moral permissibility in other areas of technological innovation.
Market Forces and Health Care Costs
Authors: Alain C. Enthoven
Journal: JAMA (1991)

For those who pay the hospital bills, Professor Robinson's carefully researched article contains good news and bad news.<sup>1</sup> The good news is that market forces, where present, helped to restrain the growth in hospital cost per case in California. In 1982, the legislature overturned the previous "free choice of provider" provision in the insurance code and authorized selective contracting by insurers. Robinson finds that "only when FFS [fee-for-service] plans are legislatively permitted to follow HMOs in contracting with hospitals on the basis of price can HMO market penetration be expected to reduce hospital cost inflation." The bad news is that market forces did not work very effectively, certainly not well enough to solve the problem of growth in hospital costs. Despite the growth and prevalence of HMOs in California, average hospital cost per case grew 74.5% from 1982 to 1988. Why didn't market forces work better? The
Evidence for the efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2a (40 KD) (PEGASYS) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and impact of baseline factors
Authors: W.Graham E. Cooksley, Teerha Piratvisuth, Yuan-Jen Wang, Varocha Mahachai, You-Chen Chao, Tawesak Tanwandee, Anuchit Chutaputti, Wen Yu Chang, Friederike E. Zahm, Nigel Pluck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Cardiac mortality in children in Oxford hospital is not excessive
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Fears that mortality in children who needed heart surgery in Oxford was excessively high—suggesting a possible repeat of the incidents at the Bristol Royal Infirmary—are unfounded, an investigation has shown.

Two UK studies on survival rates after heart surgery across the United Kingdom in children less than 1 year old, which were published in the BMJ last year, prompted the Department of Health to request an investigation by Thames Valley Strategic Health Authority.

The first study was an analysis of survival rates for …
The Therapeutic Value of Testosterone Propionate in Angina Pectoris
Authors: Samuel A. Levine, William B. Likoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1943)

ALTHOUGH an acute attack of angina pectoris is readily controlled with nitroglycerin, the treatment available for the prevention of such attacks is unsatisfactory. It has been observed than an increase in arterialization of cutaneous blood results when certain organic diseases of the peripheral blood vessels are treated with the testicular hormone, testosterone propionate.1 There is also some experimental evidence that androgens and estrogens bring about vasodilatation.2 With the hope, therefore, of improving the cardiac blood supply by increasing the collateral circulation or the degree of vasodilatation of the coronary arteries, or both, testosterone propionate has recently been used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Published reports thus far have been uniformly favorable.37 The purpose of this paper is to record the results, obtained with this form of therapy in an additional series of cases.
Book Review The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes By Peter Manu. 299 pp., illustrated. Binghamton, N.Y., Haworth Medical Press, 2004. $79.95 (cloth); $34.95 (paper). 0-7890-1259-6 (cloth); 0-7890-1260-X (paper).
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Ethnicity and Estimates of Pain by Physicians
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —After reading the title of the recent article by Dr Todd and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>I immediately wondered: the ethnicity of whom? The authors nicely address issues relating to the ethnicity of the patients. However, the ethnicity of the physicians is discussed only under the possibility of straightforward bias and is dismissed with the statement that "neither pain assessment nor use of analgesics seems to be related to the ethnicity of the physicians themselves." Thus, Todd et al address only half of the very important interaction between patient and physician. When a patient and a physician meet, each comes to the encounter with his or her own set of cultural assumptions that in many ways reflect ethnicity. Those assumptions may fall well short of the kind of "straightforward racial bias" that Todd et al claim, perhaps appropriately, does not exist. It would be interesting to see a discussion