tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Employment Implications of Declining Tobacco Product Sales for the Regional Economies of the United States
Authors: Kenneth E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether declines in tobacco product sales significantly reduce employment in the United States, as the tobacco industry claims. <h3>Design.</h3> —Computer simulation of the economies of the Southeast Tobacco region and 8 nontobacco regions of the United States, with domestic tobacco expenditures eliminated or reduced and the equivalent spending redistributed, according to consumers' normal spending patterns. We compared these results with baseline forecasts of the regional economies that include normal tobacco expenditures. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Number of jobs. <h3>Results.</h3> —Had there been no spending on tobacco products in the United States in 1993, the Southeast Tobacco region would have had 303 000 fewer jobs. Collectively, however, the 8 nontobacco regions would have gained enough employment to completely offset losses in the Southeast Tobacco region, with every nontobacco region gaining jobs. By the year 2000, the absence of tobacco spending would mean a loss of 222 000 jobs in the Southeast Tobacco region, but a gain of 355 000 throughout the rest of the country. In the more realistic scenario of doubling the downward trend in tobacco consumption, the Southeast Tobacco region would lose 6300 jobs in 1993 (0.03% of regional employment) and 36600 jobs by 2000 (0.2%). The 8 nontobacco regions would gain 6400 jobs in 1993 and 56300 jobs in 2000, with each of the nontobacco regions gaining employment in every year. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Contrary to the tobacco industry's claims, reductions in spending on tobacco products will boost employment in every one of the 8 nontobacco regions and will not diminish employment in the Southeast Tobacco region by as much as the industry estimates. The primary concern about tobacco should be the enormity of its toll on health and not its impact on employment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1241-1246)
Lost Iambics: Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Valerie Wohlfeld
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumoral stem cell reprogramming as a driver of cancer: Theory, biological models, implications in cancer therapy
Authors: Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, Julia Hauer, Lucía Ruiz-Roca, Deborah Ingenhag, Alba Rodríguez-Meira, Franziska Auer, Arndt Borkhardt, Isidro Sánchez-García
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2014)
Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Apoptosis
Authors: Kenichi Shimada, Timothy R. Crother, Justin Karlin, Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj, Norika Chiba, Shuang Chen, V. Krishnan Ramanujan, Andrea J. Wolf, Laurent Vergnes, David M. Ojcius, Altan Rentsendorj, Mario Vargas, Candace Guerrero, Yinsheng Wang, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, David M. Underhill, Terrence Town, Moshe Arditi
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Transmural dispersion in LQT and arrhythmogenesis
Authors: P MILBERG, L ECKARDT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

We thank Dr. Opthof and Dr. Coronel for the interest in our recently published work [1] and appreciate their comments. We aimed at developing a novel intact heart model of LQT3 for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which functional electrical instability at the level of the whole heart leads to torsade de pointes (TdP). The potassium concentration was repeatedly lowered to design an experimental setup that reproduced conditions and circumstances that are clinically known to be associated with an increased propensity to the development of TdP [2]. The low potassium concentration of 1.5 mM results …
Unexpected host range of hepatitis C virus replicons
Authors: Ralf Bartenschlager, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) pandemic affects the health of more than 170 million people and is the major indication for orthotopic liver transplantations. Although the human liver is the primary site for HCV replication, it is not known if extrahepatic tissues are also infected by the virus nor if nonprimate cells are permissive for RNA replication. Because HCV exists as a quasispecies, it is conceivable that a viral population may include variants that can replicate in different cell types and other species. We have tested this hypothesis and found that subgenomic HCV RNA can replicate in mouse hepatoma and nonhepatic human epithelial cells. Replicons isolated from these cell lines carry new mutations that could be involved in the control of tropism of the virus. Our results demonstrated that translation and RNA-directed RNA replication of HCV do not depend on hepatocyte or primate-specific factors. Moreover, our results could open the path for the development of animal models for HCV infection.
Inquiry needed to discover why black people are more likely to be admitted to mental hospitals than white people
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The first ever census of the ethnicity of people using mental health services in England and Wales has shown that Black African and Caribbean people are more likely than the general population to be admitted to hospital, detained under the Mental Health Act, physically restrained, and secluded.

The census, which took place on 31 March this year, covered almost 34 000 mental health inpatients in England and Wales (90% of those eligible) who used services provided by all 102 eligible NHS trusts and 110 independent providers.

In a joint foreword to the report, Healthcare Commission chairman Ian Kennedy and Mental Health Act Commission chairman Kamlesh Patel call …
Abstract 1727: Correlation between BRCA1 and LMO4 mRNA expression levels in Erlotinib-treated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations
Authors: Carlota Costa, Ana Giménez-Capitán, Susana Benlloch, Miquel Tarón, José Jimeno, Santiago Viteri, Amaya Gascó, Carlos Camps, Enric Carcereny, Bartomeu Massuti, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Advanced NSCLC p harboring EGFR mutations show impressive progression-free survival (PFS) when treated with erlotinib. However, presence of EGFR mutations only imperfectly predicts outcome. We demonstrated that co-existence of the EGFR T790M pretreatment mutation was detected in one-third of p and, in conjunction with elevated BRCA1 mRNA levels, dramatically influenced PFS to erlotinib. Though this model is a breakthrough in outcome of EGFR-mutated NSCLC p treated with TKIs, we choose to analyze the impact of CTIP and LMO4 gene expression levels on p outcome and their correlation with BRCA1. CtIP binds to BRCA1 and LMO4 forming a complex. LMO4 is a negative regulator of BRCA1 function in sporadic breast cancers. Methods mRNA expression of LMO4 and CTIP was examined by RT-PCR in pretreatment tumor biopsies of 72 NSCLC p with EGFR mutations treated with erlotinib. Expression levels were correlated with outcome to erlotinib and BRCA1 expression levels. Results BRCA1 significantly correlated with CtIP (r=0.31;P=0.01) and LMO4 (r=0.32;P=0.02). There was no correlation between CtIP and LMO4 (r=0.09;P=0.49).PFS was not reached for p with high levels of LMO4 vs 13 months for p with low levels (P=0.006). Overall survival (OS) was not reached for p with high levels of LMO4 vs 29 months for p with low levels (P=0.10). Expression levels of CtIP did not correlate with PFS and OS. PFS was not reached for p with low levels of BRCA1 and high levels of LMO4 vs 19 months for p with low levels of both genes (P=0.04). PFS was 8 months for p with high levels of BRCA1 and low levels of LMO4 vs 18 months for p with high levels of both genes (P=0.03). Conclusions BRCA1 and LMO4 mRNA levels examined by RT-PCR could predict PFS to erlotinib in p with EGFR mutations and could be useful for development of new therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1727. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1727
DEMONSTRATION OF HOME MILK MODIFIER.
Authors: A. L. SHERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The best food for an infant is its mother's milk; in its absence comes milk properly modified. Up to the present, this has been difficult of accomplishment. The Walker-Gordon Company has set a standard of what can be done in this direction, and now the Sheffield Farms Company, of New York, has opened a laboratory for the modification of milk. But such laboratories are situated in only a few of the larger cities, and their product is so expensive that their usefulness must necessarily be limited. The modification of milk at home entails much elaborate calculation on the part of the physician; much patience and intelligence on the part of mother or nurse; methods so crude for the most part as to render the procedure difficult and inaccurate. However, although modified milk is acknowledged to be the best artificial food for an infant, it is comparatively little used. The apparatus
Switch of the mutation type of the NPM1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): relapse or secondary AML?
Authors: G Webersinke, W Kranewitter, S Deutschbauer, O Zach, S Hasenschwandtner, K Wiesinger, M Erdel, R Marschon, A Böhm, G Tschurtschenthaler
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Switch of the mutation type of the  NPM1  gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): relapse or secondary AML?
M-mode echovenography: a new technique for the evaluation of venous wall and valve motion
Authors: K. JAGER, H. SEIFERT, A. BOLLINGER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The M-mode technique which is widely used in echocardiography allows continuous recording of spontaneous venous wall movements.Compliance of the vein can be quantified.The diameter of the normal vein changes with respiration, while only minor changes are induced by cardiac function.Distensibility and compressibility of the common femoral vein (CFV) were documented.During Valsalva manoeuvre the mean diameter of the CFV increased from 1.05(SD 0.18) cm to 1.52(0.25)
Novel orally active iron chelators (3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones) enhance the biliary excretion of plasma non-transferrin-bound iron in rats
Authors: Giuliana Zanninelli, Ruksana Choudury, Oliver Loréal, Dominique Guyader, Gérard Lescoat, Josiane Arnaud, Roberto Verna, Bertrand Cosson, Surinder Singh, Robert C. Hider, Pierre Brissot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Pathogenesis of foreign body infection. Evidence for a local granulocyte defect.
Authors: W Zimmerli, P D Lew, F A Waldvogel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Implanted foreign bodies are highly susceptible to pyogenic infections and represent a major problem in modern medicine. In an effort to understand the pathogenesis of these infections, we studied the phagocytic function in the vicinity of a foreign body by using a recently developed guinea pig model of Teflon tissue cages subcutaneously implanted (Zimmerli, W., F.A. Waldvogel, P. Vaudaux, and U.E. Nydegger, 1982, J. Infect. Dis., 146:487-497). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) purified from tissue cage fluid had poor bactericidal activity against a catalase-positive microorganism. When compared with blood or exudate PMN, they exhibited a significant reduction in their ability to generate superoxide in response to a particulate or a soluble stimulus (72 and 57%, respectively, P less than 0.001). Not only their total contents in myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and B12 binding protein were significantly reduced (by 62, 21, 47, and 63%, respectively, P less than 0.01), but also their capability for further secretion of residual B12 binding protein upon stimulation. Ingestion rates of endotoxin-coated opsonized oil particles were reduced by 25% (P less than 0.05). In an effort to reproduce these abnormalities in vitro, fresh peritoneal exudate PMN were incubated with Teflon fibers in the presence of plasma. Interaction of PMN with the fibers led to significant increases in hexose monophosphate shunt activity and exocytosis of secondary granules (P less than 0.01). PMN eluted after such interaction showed defective bactericidal activity, oxidative metabolism, and granular enzyme content similar to those observed in tissue cage PMN. The local injection of fresh blood PMN into tissue cages at the time of, or 3 h after, inoculation with 100 microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46) reduced the infection rate from 50 to 56 cages to 1 of 21 (P less than 0.001) and 3 of 8 cages (P less than 0.001), respectively. These results suggest that the in vivo as well as in vitro interaction of PMN with a nonphagocytosable foreign body induces a complex PMN defect, which may be partly responsible for the high susceptibility to infection of foreign bodies.
Harvesting the Neural Gene Therapy Fruit
Authors: Robert Finkelstein, Robert W. Baughman, Fintan R. Steele
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

This is a critical time for the field of gene therapy. There have been spectacular recent successes (e.g., in the treatment of SCID and hemophilia B), but public wariness and government scrutiny have escalated following Jesse Gelsinger's death in the University of Pennsylvania OTC trial in late 1999. Although it is too early to predict the final effects of these events on government oversight of gene therapy, there has been a notable slowdown in the movement of gene therapy applications from the bench to the clinic.
Interactive Atlas of Transesophageal Color Doppier Echocardiography and Intraoperative Imaging
Authors: Jose Nazari
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ABSTRACT The Interactive Atlas was compiled  allow cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and students to experience intraoperative echocardiographic imaging.... It achieves this purpose through stationary and dynamic sequences of echocardiographic images, most of which are informative and of high quality. Nevertheless, the authors can improve both format and content.The program comes in a single CD-ROM containing only 70 MB of data that can be copied and run from a hard drive to improve the slow access time inherent to the CD-ROM medium. From the CD-ROM, however, the Atlas runs smoothly without requiring an undue amount of memory (3.5 MB on my PowerMac 7100). The interface is intuitive and easy to master. One need only point and click to get the chapters, sections, or examples to be studied.The Atlas is organized in four chapters: techniques, congenital heart disease, acquired heart disease, and other applications of echocardiography. Following a brief introduction, one
Megakaryocytes regulate hematopoietic stem cell quiescence through CXCL4 secretion
Authors: Ingmar Bruns, Daniel Lucas, Sandra Pinho, Jalal Ahmed, Michele P Lambert, Yuya Kunisaki, Christoph Scheiermann, Lauren Schiff, Mortimer Poncz, Aviv Bergman, Paul S Frenette
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Effect of regular terbutaline on the airway response to inhaled budesonide.
Authors: P. J. Wilding, M. M. Clark, J. Oborne, J. A. Bennett, A. E. Tattersfield
Journal: Thorax (1996)

In sickle cell retinopathy vascular involvement is most frequently recognised at the retinal periphery, but obstruction of perimacular arterioles and of major retinal vessels may also occur. This report describes a patient with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease with recurrent occlusion of major retinal vessels associated with recurring transient impairment of visual function.
678. Production of a Novel Recombinant AAV Vector Containing beta-Globin Gene and Essential Segments of LCR and Transfer of the Construct into the CD133+, Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cell (USSCs)
Authors: Pedram Kharaziha, Mehdi Forouzandeh, Mohammad J. Rasaee, Masood Soleimani, Jafar Kyani, Mahboobeh Mohseni
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Thalassemia is the world's most common hereditary disease and is a paradigm of monogenic genetic diseases. It is estimated that there are 80,000,000 carriers worldwide, thus beta thalassemia is a major genetic cause of morbidity and mortality. The only currently available curative treatment is replacement of the bone marrow with an allogeneic transplant. The human parvovirus adeno-associated virus (AAV) infects a broad range of cell types, AAV is currently being developed as a vector for human gene therapy.
Abstract P6-04-27: EBAG9 immunoreactivity is a potential prognostic factor for poor outcome of breast cancer patients with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy
Authors: T Shigekawa, N Ijichi, K Ikeda, T Miyazaki, K Horie-Inoue, C Shimizu, S Saji, K Aogi, H Tsuda, A Osaki, T Saeki, S Inoue
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Estrogen receptor-binding fragment associated gene 9 (EBAG9) is a primary estrogen responsive gene originally cloned from MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Upregulation of EBAG9 expression has been observed in several malignant tumors such as advanced breast cancers, indicating that EBAG9 may contribute to tumor progression. In the present study, the immunohistochemical analyses of EBAG9 were performed using the specimens from breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy. To investigate the association between EBAG9 expression and the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in breast cancer, we used adjuvant tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patient tissues from 3 institutions. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Patients with distant metastases within 5 years after surgery followed by tamoxifen treatment were defined as relapse cases, whereas those without distant metastases were defined as relapse-free cases. The immunoreactivity of EBAG9 was predominantly detected in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. Notably, EBAG9 immunoreactivity level was substantially elevated in the breast cancer samples from the relapse patients, and the positive immunoreactivity of EBAG9 was correlated with poor prognosis of the patients with adjuvant therapy. These results suggest that EBAG9 expression in tumor regions is associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy and EBAG9 immunoreactivity can serve as a biomarker for adjuvant tamoxifen efficacy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-27.
The Clinical Syndrome of Striatal Dopamine Deficiency
Authors: R. Stanley Burns, Peter A. LeWitt, Michael H. Ebert, Henning Pakkenberg, Irwin J. Kopin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a syndrome that resembles Parkinson's disease. To compare the biochemical abnormalities produced by this compound in human beings with those occurring in Parkinson's disease, we examined biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and urine from six patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism and eight patients with Parkinson's disease. In both forms of parkinsonism, the cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid, the major metabolite of dopamine, were reduced, whereas the levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were normal. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), the major metabolite of norepinephrine in the brain, after adjustment for plasma MHPG, were elevated (greater than 6.0 ng per milliliter) in MPTP-induced parkinsonism, whereas MHPG levels were reduced (less than 6.0) in Parkinson's disease. Neurons containing norepinephrine in the brain are involved in the degenerative process of Parkinson's disease, whereas they are spared in MPTP-induced parkinsonism. The selective destruction by MPTP of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons that is responsible for the movement disorder also appears to result in an increase in central noradrenergic activity, which is not possible in Parkinson's disease. Thus, differences in central noradrenergic activity, reflected in cerebrospinal fluid levels of MHPG, distinguish these two forms of parkinsonism.
786 INTRA-HEPATIC NK CELLS FROM CHRONICALLY HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS ARE AS RESPONSIVE AS THOSE FROM NON-INFECTED LIVER
Authors: E. Fugier, M.-A. Thélu, N. Van Campenhout, A. Dariz, T. Dufeu Duchesne, A. Cheveau, J.-P. Zarski, V. Leroy, N. Sturm, P.N. Marche, E. Jouvin Marche
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Bleeding and resistance
Authors: J. Ball
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To meet the needs created by the rapid development of positron tomographic techniques,a new Ge-68 → Ga-68 generator has been developed. By elution under reduced pressure, this tin dioxide/1 <i>N</i> HCI generator provides a sterile solution of Ga-68 in ionic form, ready for use in the preparation of many radiopharmaceuticals. Since the Ga-68 recovery yield is high (75–80%) and the elution time very short (less than 2 min), these products possess maximum activity. Owing to its very slight Ge-68 leakage (&lt;0.0002% per elution), the tin dioxide/HCI generator is long-lasting and, more importantly, the radiotoxicity of the labeled derivatives is kept to a minimum. The ionic Ga-68 obtained in this way has been used to label several radiopharmaceuticals.
Cellular Mechanism of Action of Metformin
Authors: Amira Klip, Lawrence A Leiter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug effective in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and increasingly used in Canada and Europe. Effects on intestinal glucose absorption, insulin secretion, and hepatic glucose production are insufficient to explain its hypoglycemic action, with most evidence suggesting that the major effect of the drug is on glucose utilization. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that metformin stimulates the insulininduced component of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipocytes in both diabetic individuals and animal models. This increase is more significant in diabetic than in nondiabetic animals, suggesting an enhanced action of the drug in the hyperglycemic state. The increase in glucose uptake is also reflected in an increase in the insulin-dependent portion of glucose oxidation. Potential sites of action of metformin are the insulin receptor and the glucose transporters. Although metformin increases insulin binding in various cell types, this effect is not universal and does not correlate with stimulation of glucose utilization. In contrast, direct effects of the drug on the glucose-transport system have been demonstrated. Metformin elevates the uptake of nonmetabolizable analogues of glucose in both nondiabetic rat adipocytes and diabetic mouse muscle. In the latter, the stimulatory effect of the drug is additive to that of insulin. In human and rat muscle cells in culture, metformin increases glucose-analogue transport independently of and additive to insulin, suggesting an insulin-independent action. Most of these results suggest that the basis for the hypoglycemic effect of this biguanide is probably at the level of skeletal muscle by increasing glucose transport across the cell membrane.