tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression affects elderly people's lives more than physical illnesses
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Background:</h3> Literature suggests that early patterns of aggressive behaviour in both girls and boys are predictive of a variety of health risks in adulthood. However, longitudinal examination of the predictive links between childhood aggression, negative physical health outcomes in adulthood and overall use of health care has not been done. We looked at use of health care and a variety of physical health outcomes in adulthood to extend the current body of knowledge regarding the long-term negative sequelae of childhood aggression. <h3>Methods:</h3> Participants of the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project were eligible for the current study if they had received medical care in the province of Quebec between 1992 and 2006, and if we were able to retrieve their medical and education records. Our primary outcome was use of the health care system, as determined using records from the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec and the Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux. Our controlled variables were socioeconomic status of the neighbourhood in which participants lived in 1986 and level of education. We used hierarchical multiple regression to explore the association between childhood behaviour and physical health in adulthood. <h3>Results:</h3> During the 15-year period studied, childhood agression corresponded to an increase in medical visits (8.1% per 1 standard deviation increase in agression), and injuries (10.7%) or lifestyle-related illnesses (44.2%), visits to specialists (6.2%) and visits to emergency departments (12.4%). We saw a positive relation between social withdrawal during childhood and government-funded visits to dentists. Peer-rated likeability during childhood showed negative relations with use of health care (overall), medical visits due to injuries and government-funded visits to dentists. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Childhood aggression is a health risk that should be considered when designing interventions to improve public health and diminish the costs of medical services, particularly when considering interventions targeting children and families.
HEMATURIA OF PROSTATIC AND URETHRAL ORIGIN
Authors: WALTER H. McNEILL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In this paper I will present the subject of hematuria originating from conditions in the urethra, prostate and seminal vesicles.  Anatomically, we may consider hematuria arising from this portion of the genito-urinary tract as of intra-urethral and para-urethral origin. Its etiologic factors may be thus discussed in their order of importance and frequency:  First, are the infections of the urethra, prostate and seminal vesicles. These infections may be specific or nonspecific, gonococcal infection, however, being by far the most frequent.  Trauma plays an important part as an etiologic factor of hematuria, as do accidental or wilful local injections into the urethra of such chemicals as formaldehyd strong silver nitrate, and the like.  Hematuria has been caused by tuberculosis, syphilis, prostatitis, prostatic abscess and gout.  Violent massage of the prostate has often brought on hematuria from the prostate and posterior urethra. Some cases of varicosities in the posterior urethra have been
Testing with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody To Diagnose Wegener Granulomatosis
Authors: Gary S. Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 October 1996Testing with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody To Diagnose Wegener GranulomatosisGary S. Hoffman, MDGary S. Hoffman, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Rao and colleagues [1] provide an important critical analysis of the role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) testing in the diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis. They correctly emphasize the dangers of a positive test result in the setting of low pretest probability of this disorder. Their discussion includes a comparison of data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) cohort [2] and that of Cohen Tervaert and colleagues [3]. This comparison requires clarification. It is stated that, in the NIH series, c-ANCA titers temporally correlated with changes in disease activity in only 24% of patients. This is not ...References1. Rao JK, Weinberger M, Oddone EZ, Allen NB, Landsman P, Feussner JR. The role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) testing in the diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis. A literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:925-32. Google Scholar2. Kerr GS, Fleisher TA, Hallahan CW, Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Hoffman GS. Limited prognostic value of changes in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1993; 36:365-71. Google Scholar3. Cohen Tervaert JW, van der Woude FJ, Fauci AS, Ambrus JL, Velosa J, Keane WF, et al. Association between active Wegener's granulomatosis and anticytoplasmic antibodies. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149:2461-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gary S. Hoffman, MDAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySerum Level of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Useful Parameter of Clinical Course in Patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis and Relapsing Polychondritis 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 622KeywordsWegener granulomatosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
How the message from mortality figures was missed at Mid Staffs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

nigel.hawkes1@btinternet.com

Do published outcomes tell us what’s really going on inside a hospital? Nigel Hawkes reports on how standardised mortality ratios at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust came to conceal the hospital’s failings

The new NHS in England aims to empower the patient and shame failing hospitals by measuring and publishing outcomes. Open data will make health providers honest and patients better able to choose between them. How simple is that?

Rather too simple, to judge by evidence presented to the public inquiry into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, which has shown that the old NHS had ingenious ways of burnishing its outcomes and concealing its failings. Even death, the most unambiguous outcome of all, lost its sting when changes in coding practice resulted in many deaths being excluded from the calculation of hospital mortality ratios.

Whether this amounted to actual dishonesty may never be determined. In his final submission Tom Kark, counsel to the inquiry, suggested that it may not be necessary for Robert Francis, the inquiry’s chair, to make any finding of fact over claims that Mid-Staffs and two other West Midlands trusts engaged in a plan to lower their apparent mortality ratios by changing the way patients were coded.1 Nor did Kark reach any firm conclusion over the suggestion that West Midlands Strategic Health Authority (SHA) sought to muddy the waters by commissioning a critical report into mortality measures, published in the BMJ, from academics known to disbelieve in the method.

Both these charges were made in evidence to the inquiry by Professor Brian Jarman, the father of the hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR, see box), which has been used for the past decade by the health analytics company Dr Foster to compare hospital performance. By his reckoning, West Midlands tried to undermine the mortality data …
Captopril and Digoxin in Mild to Moderate Heart Failure-Reply
Authors: Bertram Pitt
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to the letter by Dr Zatuchni regarding our recent publication in<i>JAMA</i>, we agree with the difficulties in assessing end points in clinical trials for congestive heart failure. Treadmill exercise testing and New York Heart Association classification constitute the universally accepted end points in clinical trials. Improvements in these parameters were in fact the basis of approval in 1982 by the Food and Drug Administration for the use of captopril in the treatment of heart failure refractory to treatment with digitalis and diuretics. Because of the subjective nature of the assessment of exercise tolerance and functional class, the validity of the conclusions rests on double-blinding the investigation in addition to randomly allocating treatments to patients. The random allocation of treatments allows the chance distribution of "whim and will" among the treatment groups and is the prerequisite for making statistical inferences from the study. Clearly, measuring exercise
Abstract 13492: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, a Sensitive and Specific Marker in Serum for the Identification of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Acute Stroke Patients: Results of Improved Assay Performance
Authors: Stefania Mondello, Andreas Jeromin, Jackson Streeter, Andrea Gabrielli, Kara Schmid, Frank Tortella, Ronald L Hayes, Kevin K Wang
Journal: Circulation (2011)

OBJECTIVES:  The prognosis of acute stroke has been improved by the use of very early therapeutic interventions. Biochemical markers that could allow a rapid and accurate diagnosis differentiating between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) have recently been identified. This study was designed to evaluate plasma concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in acute stroke patients and the accuracy for distinguishing ICH from IS using a current-generation sensitive assay.   METHODS:  This prospective case control study enrolled in 35 controls and 33 stroke patients. ICH (n = 6) and IS (n = 24) were diagnosed using brain imaging. Blood samples were taken from each stroke patient at admission (mean122 minutes after stroke symptom onset) and measured by ELISAs, using an ultra-sensitive assay detecting breakdown products to GFAP (Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Fl).   RESULTS:  Levels of GFAP in serum were significantly increased in ICH compared to control subjects and IS (median, 2.25 vs 0.06 vs 0.07 ng/ml, P   CONCLUSIONS:  Our pilot study indicates that plasma GFAP could be a reliable biomarker of intracerebral hemorrhage in acute stroke, accurately distinguish between ICH and IS and thereby facilitate the hyperacute delivery of stroke therapies. In addition, these findings support the incremental value of newer, more sensitive assays in stroke patients. Further investigations in a large cohort of patients are needed.
US-Based World Medical Relief Group Finds Charity Begins at Home
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DOCTORS of the World, an American-based volunteer organization that provides medical and humanitarian relief to desperate populations around the world, is now providing care in its own home town. Doctors of the World, based in New York, NY, was created with the assistance of the French group Médicins du Monde to help American medical professionals find ways to serve the world's neediest people. Since its founding in 1990, the organization has sent physicians and other medical professionals from the United States on missions to Somalia, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Cambodia, Iranian Kurdistan, Kenya, El Salvador, Guatemala, Brazil, Russia, and the former Yugoslavia. In August 1992, Doctors of the World set up the first of several programs to provide medical services among drug addicts, political refugees, the homeless, and other disenfranchised populations in New York. These projects currently involve 14 volunteer physicians who are providing health care to drug addicts enrolled
THE IN VITRO ACTION OF HYDROCORTISONE ON LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION
Authors: Melvin M. Ketchel, Cutting B. Favour, Somers H. Sturgis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Hydrocortisone inhibits the ameboid migration of human leucocytes when added in vitro. The dose-response curve for the reaction between this steroid and leucocytes can be best expressed by a logarithmic plot of the steroid concentrations. Tetrahydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone had no effect on in vitro leucotyte migration.
Medical Molecular Genetics
Authors: Michael R. Cummings
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 June 1998Medical Molecular GeneticsMichael R. Cummings, PhDMichael R. Cummings, PhDUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Molecular Genetics; Hoffee PA. 384 pages. Fence Creek Publishing; 1998. $22.95. ISBN 1889325287.Field of medicine: Medical genetics.Audience: Medical students, house officers, and physicians.Purpose: To introduce the principles of medical molecular genetics and their applications to clinical medicine.Content: This book presents the basic concepts of molecular genetics and some clinical applications in a format suitable for use as a textbook, a course supplement, or a review for medical board examinations. The first chapter provides a history of genetics from Mendel to the Human Genome Project. Nine chapters cover the structure and function of nucleic acids, mutagenesis, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1052KeywordsAnimal modelsAnimal models of infectionClinical geneticsGene therapyGeneticsHuman geneticsMedical geneticsMolecular biologyNucleic acidsPopulation genetics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4590: Genome-wide identification of possible methylation markers chemosensitive to targeted regimens in colorectal cancers
Authors: Jin Cheon Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Dong Hyung Cho, Eung Young Choi, Yoon Kyung Cho, Ye Jin Ha, Seon Ae Roh, Seon Young Kim, Yong Sung Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose Few efficient methylation markers of chemosensitivity have been discovered. The genome-wide analysis of methylation markers is needed to identify chemosensitive candidates to targeted therapy. Methods This study describes a two-step process to select chemosensitive candidates of methylation genes. A genome-wide screening of methylation genes was performed using a beadarray and an in vitro chemosensitivity assay of 119 colorectal cancers (CRCs). Results Ten candidate genes identified during the initial screening were verified by biological utility assessment using cell viability assays of transfected CRC cells. Five methylation genes related to sensitivity to bevacizumab regimens (RASSF1, MMP25, KCNQ1, ESR1, and GALR2) or cetuximab regimens (SCL18A2, GPX7, NID2, IGFBP3, and ALX4) were chosen during the first step. A viability assay revealed that GALR2-overexpressing HCT116 cells were significantly more chemosensitive to bevacizumab regimens than control cells (P = 0.022 and 0.019 for bevacizumab with FOLFIRI and FOLFOX, respectively), concurrently verified on a caspase-3 activity assay. GPX7- or ALX4-overexpressed RKO cells were significantly less viable to cetuximab regimens compared to control cells (GPX7: P = 0.027 each for cetuximab with FOLFIRI and FOLFOX; ALX4: P = 0.049 and 0.003 for cetuximab with FOLFIRI and FOLFOX, respectively), but caspase-3 activity was not prominent in GPX7-overexpressed RKO cells. Conclusions Two novel genes, GALR2 and ALX4, have been identified as chemosensitive methylation candidates to bevacizumab and cetuximab regimens, respectively. As our study did not include a clinical association study, the two candidates should be validated in large clinical cohorts, hopefully predicting responsive patients to targeted regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4590. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4590
REMARKS ON SAHLI'S DESMOID TEST OF THE STOMACH.
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In the beginning of 1905 Sahli<sup>1</sup>published a new method of testing the functions of the stomach. It consists of placing methylene blue or iodoform in a little rubber bag and tying it tightly with thin raw catgut. This "desmoid bag" is swallowed by the patient after a large meal (dinner) and the urine or saliva is tested for the presence of methylene blue or iodin. Methylene blue colors the urine green or blue; the iodin or the iodoform may be demonstrated in the saliva by means of starch paper and fuming nitric acid (violet color). The reaction appears in healthy persons usually from six to eight hours after swallowing the desmoid bag. Its occurrence at this time points to a proper function of the stomach; if the reaction occurs later or not at all, it points to insufficiency of the stomach. This test is based on the fact
Hyperphosphataemia after bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate
Authors: E. Ainley
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Dr. Mishra et al. [1] presented two patients with renal impairment who developed severe symptomatic hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia after bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate. They postulated that a significant increase in serum phosphate can occur after a single dose of sodium phosphate when the patient’s serum creatinine is over 2.0 mg/dL.
Shared Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Elias Amador
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PHYSICIANS use the clinical laboratory to obtain more information each year. The kinds of laboratory tests have grown steadily for the past 30 years (Fig 1). Even more strikingly, the total tests produced by the clinical laboratory have grown exponentially (Fig 2) at a compound rate of about 13% per year (Table 1). The demand is now so large that for the year 1974, the clinical laboratories in the United States produced an estimated 4 billion tests.<sup>1</sup> Most of these tests are done in local clinical laboratories, which, however, are not equipped to perform all the various types of tests needed by the physicians in a given region. In order to solve this problem, one solution would be to do nonemergency tests in a central laboratory, with each clinical facility retaining a small laboratory for emergency service.<sup>1</sup>Such a shared laboratory system could perform most tests, including the
Diet and Prevention of Alzheimer DiseaseDiet and Prevention of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Martha Clare Morris
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Yian Gu, PhD; Jeri W. Nieves, PhD; Yaakov Stern, PhD; Jose A. Luchsinger, MD, MPH; Nikolaos Scarmeas, MD, MSObjective: To assess the association between food combination and Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. Because foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern (DP) analysis of food combination, taking into account the interactions among food components, may offer methodological advantages.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: Northern Manhattan, New York, New York.Patients or Other Participants: Two thousand one hundred forty-eight community-based elderly subjects (aged ≥65 years) without dementia in New York provided dietary information and were prospectively evaluated with the same standardized neurological and neuropsychological measures approximately every 1.5 years. Using reduced rank regression, we calculated DPs based on their ability to explain variation in 7 potentially AD-related nutrients: saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, and folate. The associations of reduced rank regression–derived DPs with AD risk were then examined using a Cox proportional hazards model.Main Outcome Measure: Incident AD risk.Results: Two hundred fifty-three subjects developed AD during a follow-up of 3.9 years. We identified a DP strongly associated with lower AD risk: compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of adherence to this pattern, the AD hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for subjects in the highest DP tertile was 0.62 (0.43-0.89) after multivariable adjustment (P for trend = 0.01). This DP was characterized by higher intakes of salad dressing, nuts, fish, tomatoes, poultry, cruciferous vegetables, fruits, and dark and green leafy vegetables and a lower intake of high-fat dairy products, red meat, organ meat, and butter.Conclusion: Simultaneous consideration of previous knowledge regarding potentially AD-related nutrients and multiple food groups can aid in identifying food combinations that are associated with AD risk.
The effect of bioengineered acellular collagen patch on cardiac remodeling and ventricular function post myocardial infarction
Authors: Vahid Serpooshan, Mingming Zhao, Scott A. Metzler, Ke Wei, Parisha B. Shah, Andrew Wang, Morteza Mahmoudi, Andrey V. Malkovskiy, Jayakumar Rajadas, Manish J. Butte, Daniel Bernstein, Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
IQ and Blood Lead from 2 to 7 Years of Age: Are the Effects in Older Children the Residual of High Blood Lead Concentrations in 2-Year-Olds?
Authors: Aimin Chen, Kim N. Dietrich, James H. Ware, Jerilynn Radcliffe, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Increases in peak blood lead concentrations, which occur at 18-30 months of age in the United States, are thought to result in lower IQ scores at 4-6 years of age, when IQ becomes stable and measurable. Data from a prospective study conducted in Boston suggested that blood lead concentrations at 2 years of age were more predictive of cognitive deficits in older children than were later blood lead concentrations or blood lead concentrations measured concurrently with IQ. Therefore, cross-sectional associations between blood lead and IQ in school-age children have been widely interpreted as the residual effects of higher blood lead concentrations at an earlier age or the tendency of less intelligent children to ingest more leaded dust or paint chips, rather than as a causal relationship in older children. Here we analyze data from a clinical trial in which children were treated for elevated blood lead concentrations (20-44 microg/dL) at about 2 years of age and followed until 7 years of age with serial IQ tests and measurements of blood lead. We found that cross-sectional associations increased in strength as the children became older, whereas the relation between baseline blood lead and IQ attenuated. Peak blood lead level thus does not fully account for the observed association in older children between their lower blood lead concentrations and IQ. The effect of concurrent blood level on IQ may therefore be greater than currently believed.