tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fenofibrate Therapy Ameliorates Fasting and Postprandial Lipoproteinemia, Oxidative Stress, and the Inflammatory Response in Subjects With Hypertriglyceridemia and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Robert S. Rosenson, David A. Wolff, Anna L. Huskin, Irene B. Helenowski, Alfred W. Rademaker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fenofibrate (160 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids, and inflammatory mediators in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome.Fifty-nine subjects with fasting hypertriglyceridemia (> or = 1.7 and < 6.9 mmol/l) and two or more of the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to fenofibrate (160 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind, controlled clinical trial.Fenofibrate treatment lowered fasting triglycerides (-46.1%, P < 0.0001) and postprandial (area under the curve) triglycerides (-45.4%, P < 0.0001) due to significant reductions in postprandial levels of large (-40.8%, P < 0.0001) and medium (-49.5%, P < 0.0001) VLDL particles. The number of fasting total LDL particles was reduced in fenofibrate-treated subjects (-19.0%, P = 0.0033) primarily due to reductions in small LDL particles (-40.3%, P < 0.0001); these treatment differences persisted postprandially. Fasting and postprandial oxidized fatty acids were reduced in fenofibrate-treated subjects compared with placebo-administered subjects (-15.3%, P = 0.0013, and 31.0%, P < 0.0001, respectively), and fenofibrate therapy lowered fasting and postprandial soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (-10.9%, P = 0.0005, and -12.0%, P = 0.0001, respectively) as well as fasting and postprandial soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (-14.8%, P < 0.0001, and -15.3%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Reductions in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were correlated with reductions in fasting and postprandial large VLDL particles (P < 0.0001) as well as postprandial oxidized fatty acids (P < 0.0005).Triglyceride-lowering therapy with fenofibrate reduced fasting and postprandial free fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory responses, and these antiatherosclerotic effects were most highly correlated with reductions in large VLDL particles.
Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution 1.5% for Up to 8 Hours Following Dosing Reduces Total Non-Ocular Symptoms, Rhinorrhea, and Tearing in a Multi-Site Clinical Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: T.T. Macejko, E.J. Meier, M.T. Bergmann, E.B. McLaurin, F.K. Kurata, P.J. Gomes, J.I. Williams, J.A. Gow, T.R. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Analysis of cross-reactive antigen-specific T cell clones. Specific recognition of two major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and two non-MHC antigens by a single clone.
Authors: A Ben-Nun, Z Lando, M E Dorf, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Two T cell clones, one specific for I-Es/d plus myelin basic protein (BP) and another specific for I-Ak plus influenza virus have been demonstrated to cross-react with DBA/2 cells. Genetic and serological analyses have shown that each clone recognizes its respective priming antigen in association with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants and each recognizes DBA/2 minor H antigens in association with allo I-Ad MHC antigens. Further analysis of these clones suggests (a) that the allo I-Ad MHC epitopes recognized by these clones are not shared with self-I-A epitopes, (b) that the virus or BP antigens do not cross-react with DBA/2 minor H antigens, (c) that these clones recognize different determinants on the DBA/2 minor H antigens, and (d) that there is a requirement for a specific association between the different MHC antigens and the non-MHC antigens to stimulate these clones. This specific associative recognition argues strongly for the "altered self" hypothesis.
Myopathy associated with cimetidine?
Authors: T G Feest, D J Read
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-The study in your last issue by Dr I G Barrison and others (18 October, p 1040) incorporated two false premises: (a) that "heavy drinkers" are likely to reveal them- selves during "routine history taking"; and (b) that a heavy drinking habit is a necessary or sufficient condition for the diagnosis of an alcoholic.
Reply from Authors re: James W.F. Catto, Shahrokh F. Shariat. The Changing Face of Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Impact of Systematic Genetic Sequencing on Our Understanding of This Tumor's Biology. Eur Urol 2013;63:855–7
Authors: A. Ari Hakimi, Victor E. Reuter, Paul Russo, James J. Hsieh
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Factors Associated with Alexithymia in Patients Suffering from Depression
Authors: Kirsi Honkalampi, Pirjo Saarinen, Jukka Hintikka, Vuokko Virtanen, Heimo Viinamäki
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

We studied the factors associated with alexithymia in 137 depressed outpatients.Diagnosis of depression was confirmed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Alexithymia was screened using the 20-item version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Severity of depression was assessed using the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory, and other psychiatric symptoms with the help of the Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90). Life satisfaction was also assessed with a structured scale.Almost half of the patients were considered alexithymic. They were significantly more often male, unmarried and had a lower education than the nonalexithymic patients. Alexithymic patients more often showed psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) and were also more often severely depressed and dissatisfied with their life than were the other patients. Logistic regression analyses revealed that four factors were independently associated with alexithymia: male gender, a low level of education, low life satisfaction and severe depression. Sleep disturbances were independently associated with alexithymia in men and severe depression in women.Alexithymia is very common among patients with depressive disorder. An awareness of these risk factors would be useful in improving the efficacy of treatment.
Effect of Functional Health-Related Quality of Life on Long-Term Survival After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Colleen Gorman Koch, Liang Li, Michael Lauer, Joseph Sabik, Norman J. Starr, Eugene H. Blackstone
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Health-related quality-of-life instruments have become important measures of early health outcomes after cardiac surgery. The relationship between quality of life after recovery from surgery and subsequent long-term survival has not previously been explored. Our objective was to determine whether the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) was predictive of subsequent time-related survival after recovery from cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— We examined survival status among 6305 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with or without valve procedures or isolated valve procedure between May 1995 and June 1998 who had a preoperative baseline and follow-up DASI. The postoperative DASI was administered nominally at 6 and 12 months. Baseline and perioperative variables and postoperative morbid events were prospectively collected concurrently with patient care. The end point was all-cause mortality. The Social Security Death Index was queried for survival status. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to study the associations between DASI, a number of traditional risk factors, and survival. Median follow-up was 8.6 years. The “dose-response” relationship between baseline and follow-up DASI and risk of long-term death was established. Follow-up DASI was associated with risk-adjusted long-term survival hazard ratio of 0.98 per unit increase (confidence limits, 0.97 to 0.98; P &lt;0.0001). Achieving maximum baseline DASI was associated with better risk-adjusted long-term survival (hazard ratio, 0.64; confidence limits, 0.50 to 0.83; P =0.0005). Conclusions— Poor health-related quality of life after recovery from cardiac surgery identifies patients who are at risk for reduced long-term survival.
In vitro analysis of riboflavin-modified, experimental, two-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman studies
Authors: Umer Daood, Chan Swee Heng, Jennifer Neo Chiew Lian, Amr S Fawzy
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

To modify two-step experimental etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive with different concentrations of riboflavin and to study its effect on the bond strength, degree of conversion, along with resin infiltration within the demineralized dentin substrate, an experimental adhesive-system was modified with different concentrations of riboflavin (m/m, 0, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%). Dentin surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid, bonded with respective adhesives, restored with restorative composite–resin, and sectioned into resin–dentin slabs and beams to be stored for 24 h or 9 months in artificial saliva. Micro-tensile bond testing was performed with scanning electron microscopy to analyse the failure of debonded beams. The degree of conversion was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at different time points along with micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis. Data was analyzed with one-way and two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's for pair-wise comparison. Modification with 1% and 3% riboflavin increased the micro-tensile bond strength compared to the control at 24 h and 9-month storage with no significant differences in degree of conversion (P<0.05). The most predominant failure mode was the mixed fracture among all specimens except 10% riboflavin-modified adhesive specimens where cohesive failure was predominant. Raman analysis revealed that 1% and 3% riboflavin adhesives specimens showed relatively higher resin infiltration. The incorporation of riboflavin in the experimental two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive at 3% (m/m) improved the immediate bond strengths and bond durability after 9-month storage in artificial saliva without adversely affecting the degree of conversion of the adhesive monomers and resin infiltration. The strength of dental resin-based adhesives could be improved by adding light-activated riboflavin (RF, also known as vitamin B2). Amr Fawzy and his team at the National University of Singapore, analysed the resin–dentin interface of human molars in which dentin was restored with adhesives containing different concentrations of RF. Following storage of the restored teeth for up to nine months in artificial saliva, they found that the strongest bonds formed with adhesives containing 3% RF. Scanning electron microscopy showed that this was due to RF's crosslinking effect on dentin collagen fibrils. This is consistent with their previous findings that dentin pre-treatment with RF strengthens the collagen network. Adding 3% light-activated RF to dentin adhesives could make dental composite restorations more long-lasting without increasing the number of clinical steps required.
NSAID Sulindac and Its Analog Bind RXRα and Inhibit RXRα-Dependent AKT Signaling
Authors: Hu Zhou, Wen Liu, Ying Su, Zhen Wei, Jie Liu, Siva Kumar Kolluri, Hua Wu, Yu Cao, Jiebo Chen, Yin Wu, Tingdong Yan, Xihua Cao, Weiwei Gao, Andrei Molotkov, Fuquan Jiang, Wen-Gang Li, Bingzhen Lin, Hai-Ping Zhang, Jinghua Yu, Shi-Peng Luo, Jin-Zhang Zeng, Gregg Duester, Pei-Qiang Huang, Xiao-Kun Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Alcohol and Mortality
Authors: Arthur L. Klatsky, Mary Anne Armstrong, Gary D. Friedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To study the relation between alcohol intake and mortality in a large ambulatory population with attention to causes of death and differences related to age, sex, race, and baseline risk.Prospective cohort study.Prepaid comprehensive health care program facilities in Oakland and San Francisco, California.Adults (n = 128,934) who supplied data at health evaluations between 1978 and 1985.Demographic data and health history were supplied using questionnaires. Death was ascertained by an automated linkage system and was individually validated. Relative risk for death at various levels of drinking was calculated by Cox proportional hazards models using lifelong nondrinkers as the reference and controlling for eight covariables.Heavier drinkers were at greater risk for death from noncardiovascular causes (relative risk at greater than or equal to 6 drinks per day compared with no alcohol = 1.6, 95% Cl, 1.3 to 2.0) especially cirrhosis, unnatural death, and tobacco-related cancers. This alcohol-associated risk was higher in women (relative risk for death from all causes at greater than or equal to 6 drinks per day = 2.2; Cl, 1.4 to 3.8) and younger persons (for persons less than 50 years of age, relative risk for death from all causes at greater than or equal to 6 drinks per day = 1.9; Cl, 1.3 to 2.9). Lighter drinkers were at lower risk for death from cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease (relative risk at 1 to 2 drinks per day = 0.7; Cl, 0.6 to 0.9), independent of baseline risk, with the greatest reduction of risk in older persons. Lighter drinkers over 60 years of age also had a slightly lower risk for noncardiovascular death, but this finding was not independent of baseline coronary heart disease risk.Women and younger persons appear more susceptible to the increased mortality risk of heavy drinking. The reduced cardiovascular risk of lighter drinkers is more pronounced in older persons. Lower coronary disease prevalence may reduce the noncardiovascular mortality risk of lighter drinkers.
Targeted therapies for breast cancer
Authors: Michaela J. Higgins, José Baselga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

In recent years the description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer, together with the identification of the driving genetic alterations and signaling pathways, has led to the clinical development of a number of successful molecular targeted agents. This is best exemplified in the subset of HER2-amplified breast cancers, in which an increasing number of active agents are changing the natural history of this aggressive disease. Other targets are under exploration, and the clinical development of these agents will require a change from the current large, randomized trials in unselected patient populations to smaller trials in groups with a molecularly defined tumor type. In addition, combinatorial approaches that act on the secondary mutations and/or compensatory pathways in resistant tumors may markedly improve on the effects of targeted agents used alone.
S1 Evidence-based case definition for EAA due to metalworking fluid exposure
Authors: C. M. Barber, C. M. Burton, D. J. Hendrick, C. A. C. Pickering, A. S. Robertson, W. Robertson, P. S. Burge
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Although a number of case definitions for MWF EAA have been used in previous outbreaks, none has emerged as an evidence-based standard. This study used data from a large UK MWF outbreak investigation, to develop and validate a new case definition for MWF EAA. <h3>Methods</h3> Demographic and clinical data from the 37 workers with suspected EAA during a large outbreak were reviewed by an Expert Panel. A new case definition for MWF EAA was developed using significant differences between workers with and without definite clinical EAA. This MWF EAA Score was modelled to match Expert Panel opinion as closely as possible, and used clinical criteria relatively weighted by their positive predictive value for EAA in the outbreak. The performance of the new scoring system was compared with other existing case definitions, and applied to 50 cases of MWF-EAA from nine published US outbreaks. <h3>Results</h3> The MWF EAA Score is shown in Abstract S1 table 1, where the highest score is applied in each section. A score of &gt;26 represents definite EAA, 19–26 possible EAA, and &lt;19 not a case of EAA. When applied to the 37 workers, the MWF EAA Score showed good correlation (coefficient=0.85) with the Expert Panel Score (per cent likelihood of EAA), and agreed with the Expert Panel opinion in 81% of cases. The MWF EAA Score appeared to perform well when compared with other established case definitions, and when applied to 50 US cases of MWF EAA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although difficult to truly validate, the MWF EAA Score offers a weighted and evidence-based case definition for workers suspected of suffering from EAA in MWF outbreaks. If adopted as a standard, the MWF EAA score will facilitate comparison of the findings from future outbreaks, in terms of risk factors and causation of this interesting disease.
Gender differences in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in small coronary arteries
Authors: Dale T. Ashby, R. Mehran, A.J. Lansky, I. Iakovou, G. Welsz, C. Constantini, K. Shirai, Izat Hjazi, M. Farkouh, G. Dangas, G.W. Stone, G. New, J. Moses, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Surgical treatment of melanoma
Authors: D.J. Eedy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Surgical treatment of melanoma Get access D.J. Eedy D.J. Eedy Department of Dermatology, Craigavon Area Hospital Group Trust, 68 Lurgan Road, Portadown BT63 5QQ, U.K David Eedy. E‐mail: David@DJEEDY.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 1, 1 July 2003, Pages 2–12, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.149.s64.8_65.x Published: 01 July 2003 Article history Accepted: 13 February 2003 Published: 01 July 2003
Chronic Neuropsychological Sequelae of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in the Absence of Structural Brain Damage: Two Cases of Acute Poisoning
Authors: Lola Roldán-Tapia, Antonia Leyva, Francisco Laynez, Fernando Sánchez Santed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Here we describe two cases of carbamate poisoning. Patients AMF and PVM were accidentally poisoned by cholinesterase inhibitors. The medical diagnosis in both cases was overcholinergic syndrome, as demonstrated by exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. The widespread use of cholinesterase inhibitors, especially as pesticides, produces a great number of human poisoning events annually. The main known neurotoxic effect of these substances is cholinesterase inhibition, which causes cholinergic overstimulation. Once AMF and PVM had recovered from acute intoxication, they were subjected to extensive neuropsychological evaluation 3 and 12 months after the poisoning event. These assessments point to a cognitive deficit in attention, memory, perceptual, and motor domains 3 months after intoxication. One year later these sequelae remained, even though the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans were interpreted as being within normal limits. We present these cases as examples of neuropsychological profiles of long-term sequelae related to acute poisoning by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides and show the usefulness of neuropsychological assessment in detecting central nervous system dysfunction in the absence of biochemical or structural markers.
Ebola and ethics: autopsy of a failure
Authors: C. A. Gericke
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Thousands died while we argued over the wrong questions

The current epidemic of Ebola virus disease has attracted medical ethics commentators like bees to a honey pot. No previous infectious disease epidemic has elicited such a flurry of articles on the ethical challenges associated with infection control and treatment in such a short time. Has this been of any use?

The ethical questions raised by various authors broadly fall into three categories. The first relates to questions of individual medical ethics, in particular surrounding the compassionate use of experimental drugs and vaccines. The second concerns allocation of resources to these experimental treatments versus infection control. And the third centres on how resources should be spent in the long term—on building a public health and clinical infrastructure that can cope in an epidemic instead of propping up a weak infrastructure during a humanitarian crisis.

The tension between these moral challenges can be grouped along two axes: individual versus public health, and short term versus long term (figure⇓).



Tension between moral challenges and possible responses to the Ebola virus epidemic



The short term use of experimental drugs such as ZMapp, first used in a few repatriated health workers from high income countries, attracted far …
Eosinophils in the rectal mucosa. A simple method of predicting the outcome of ulcerative proctocolitis?
Authors: R V Heatley, P D James
Journal: Gut (1979)

One-hundred-and-thirteen rectal biopsies and 17 total colectomy specimens from 50 patients with ulcerative proctocolitis were examined. These patients had been followed for periods up to 220 months, mean 70 months. The histological changes were compared with the clinical features of the disease. Patients with relatively benign disease which responded to treatment had significantly raised eosinophil counts in the mucosa examined, compared with patients who had aggressive disease which failed to respond to medical treatment (P less than 0.001). Tissue eosinophilia in the rectal mucosa may provide a simple method for predicting the clinical course of patients with ulcerative proctocolitis.
Establishment of a Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcription Complex Involves the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Alissa Bukrinskaya, Beda Brichacek, Angela Mann, Mario Stevenson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

After interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions with cell surface receptors, a series of poorly characterized events results in establishment of a viral reverse transcription complex in the host cell cytoplasm. This process is coordinated in such a way that reverse transcription is initiated shortly after formation of the viral reverse transcription complex. However, the mechanism through which virus entry and initiation of reverse transcription are coordinated and how these events are compartmentalized in the infected cell are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that viral reverse transcription complexes associate rapidly with the host cell cytoskeleton during HIV-1 infection and that reverse transcription occurs almost entirely in the cytoskeletal compartment. Interruption of actin polymerization before virus infection reduced association of viral reverse transcription complexes with the cytoskeleton. In addition, efficient reverse transcription was dependent on intact actin microfilaments. The localization of reverse transcription to actin microfilaments was mediated by the interaction of a reverse transcription complex component (gag MA) with actin but not vimentin (intermediate filaments) or tubulin (microtubules). In addition, fusion, but not endocytosis-mediated HIV-1 infectivity, was impaired when actin depolymerizing agents were added to target cells before infection but not when added after infection. These results point to a previously unsuspected role for the host cell cytoskeleton in HIV-1 entry and suggest that components of the cytoskeleton promote establishment of the reverse transcription complex in the host cell and also the process of reverse transcription within this complex.
The Effect of Congestive Heart Failure on Blood Volume as Determined by Radiochromium-Tagged Red Cells
Authors: SEYMOUR EISENBERG, MARY SUE MCCALL
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Total blood volume, red cell mass and plasma volume have been determined with radiochromium in subjects with congestive heart failure, before and after treatment. All functions were significantly increased during the congestive state and all decreased as compensation was achieved. The magnitude of the hypervolemia and the changes incident to treatment were apparently related to alterations in heart size. Selective expansion of the plasma volume was not encountered.