tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An autosomal genomic scan for loci linked to prediabetic phenotypes in Pima Indians.
Authors: R E Pratley, D B Thompson, M Prochazka, L Baier, D Mott, E Ravussin, H Sakul, M G Ehm, D K Burns, T Foroud, W T Garvey, R L Hanson, W C Knowler, P H Bennett, C Bogardus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease that is thought to have a substantial genetic basis. Identification of the genes responsible has been hampered by the complex nature of the syndrome. Abnormalities in insulin secretion and insulin action predict the development of type 2 diabetes and are, themselves, highly heritable traits. Since fewer genes may contribute to these precursors of type 2 diabetes than to the overall syndrome, such genes may be easier to identify. We, therefore, undertook an autosomal genomic scan to identify loci linked to prediabetic traits in Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. 363 nondiabetic Pima Indians were genotyped at 516 polymorphic microsatellite markers on all 22 autosomes. Linkage analyses were performed using three methods (single-marker, nonparametric multipoint [MAPMAKER/SIBS], and variance components multipoint). These analyses provided evidence for linkage at several chromosomal regions, including 3q21-24 linked to fasting plasma insulin concentration and in vivo insulin action, 4p15-q12 linked to fasting plasma insulin concentration, 9q21 linked to 2-h insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance testing, and 22q12-13 linked to fasting plasma glucose concentration. These results suggest loci that may harbor genes contributing to type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. None of the linkages exceeded a LOD score of 3.6 (a 5% probability of occurring in a genome-wide scan). These findings must, therefore, be considered tentative until extended in this population or replicated in others.
In-person or remote behavioral interventions for obesity were better than a self-directed approach
Authors: Alka M. Kanaya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club20 March 2012In-person or remote behavioral interventions for obesity were better than a self-directed approachAlka M. Kanaya, MDAlka M. Kanaya, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (A.M.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-6-201202210-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAppel LJ, Clark JM, Yeh HC, et al. Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1959-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22085317Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Digenio AG, Mancuso JP, Gerber RA, Dvorak RV. Comparison of methods for delivering a lifestyle modification program for obese patients: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:255-62. [PMID: 19221377] Google Scholar2 Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al; Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343-50. [PMID: 11333990] Google Scholar3 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403. [PMID: 11832527] Google Scholar4 US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for obesity in adults: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:930-2. [PMID: 14644896] Google Scholar5 Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012;307;491-7. [PMID: 22253363] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (A.M.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 March 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEnhanced brief lifestyle counseling for obesity was better than usual care for weight loss at 2 years Alka M. Kanaya Metrics 20 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 6Page: JC3-10KeywordsClinical trialsComputersDiabetes preventionObesityOverweightTelemedicineType 2 diabetesWeight gainWeight loss ePublished: 20 March 2012 Issue Published: 20 March 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-193a contributes to leukemogenesis in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia by activating the PTEN/PI3K signal pathway
Authors: Yonghui Li, Li Gao, Xufeng Luo, Lili Wang, Xiaoning Gao, Wei Wang, Junzhong Sun, Liping Dou, Jingxin Li, Chengwang Xu, Lixin Wang, Minhang Zhou, Mengmeng Jiang, Jihao Zhou, Michael A. Caligiuri, Clara Nervi, Clara D. Bloomfield, Guido Marcucci, Li Yu
Journal: Blood (2012)
Local Variations in CO and Particulate Air Pollution and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County, California, USA
Authors: Michelle Wilhelm, Beate Ritz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We extended our previous analyses of term low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth to 1994-2000, a period of declining air pollution levels in the South Coast Air Basin. We speculated that the effects we observed previously for carbon monoxide, particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and traffic density were attributable to toxins sorbed to primary exhaust particles. Focusing on CO, PM10, and particulate matter < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), we examined whether varying residential distances from monitoring stations affected risk estimates, because effect attenuation may result from local pollutant heterogeneity inadequately captured by ambient stations. We geocoded home locations, calculated the distance to the nearest air monitors, estimated exposure levels by pregnancy period, and performed logistic regression analyses for subjects living within 1-4 mi of a station. For women residing within a 1-mi distance, we observed a 27% increase in risk for high (> or = 75th percentile) first-trimester CO exposures and preterm birth and a 36% increase for high third-trimester pregnancy CO exposures and term LBW. For particles, we observed similar size effects during early and late pregnancy for both term LBW and preterm birth. In contrast, smaller or no effects were observed beyond a 1-mi distance of a residence from a station. Associations between CO and PM10 averaged over the whole pregnancy and term LBW were generally smaller than effects for early and late pregnancy. These new results for 1994-2000 generally confirm our previous observations for the period 1989-1993, again linking CO and particle exposures to term LBW and preterm birth. In addition, they confirm our suspicions about having to address local heterogeneity for these pollutants in Los Angeles.
High-risk cytogenetics and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry predict unsustained complete response after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bruno Paiva, Norma C. Gutiérrez, Laura Rosiñol, María-Belén Vídriales, María-Ángeles Montalbán, Joaquín Martínez-López, María-Victoria Mateos, María-Teresa Cibeira, Lourdes Cordón, Albert Oriol, María-José Terol, María-Asunción Echeveste, Raquel de Paz, Felipe de Arriba, Luis Palomera, Javier de la Rubia, Joaquín Díaz-Mediavilla, Anna Sureda, Ana Gorosquieta, Adrian Alegre, Alejandro Martin, Miguel T. Hernández, Juan-José Lahuerta, Joan Bladé, Jesús F. San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2011)
Evaluation of the Pediatric Trauma Score
Authors: Christoph R. Kaufmann
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) was recently developed and is rapidly gaining acceptance as a triage tool. This study examines the utility of the PTS as compared with the Revised Trauma Score, which is applicable to all ages. The charts of 376 children 0 to 14 years of age who were admitted to the trauma service of a level 1 trauma center were reviewed. Significant correlations were found for both the PTS and the Revised Trauma Score with survival, the Injury Severity Score, APACHE II score, vital signs, the Glasgow Coma Scale score, hematocrit, need for an operation, and number of days in an intensive care unit. The PTS was of no statistical advantage as compared with the Revised Trauma Score. Triage accuracy was 68.3% for the PTS and 78.8% for the Revised Trauma Score. The Revised Trauma Score is easy to use and universal in its applicability. The PTS involves learning a separate scoring system and is of no advantage. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:69-72)
Even Mild Iodine Deficiency During Gestation May Impair Brain Function in Children
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bringing Green Homes within Reach: Healthier Housing for More People
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

A 29High-efficiency appliances.Besides using less energy, high-efficiency laundry equipment uses less water, while high-efficiency refrigerators allow better temperature control. Masonry. Stone or brick fireplaces and walls stabilize interior temperatures.A Few Ways to Make a House Green . . .PV shingles.Thin-film PV shingles are designed to blend in with regular asphalt shingles.
Ear pain and facial palsy
Authors: A. Egala, P. J. Clamp, D. Hajioff
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An 84 year old woman presented to our ear, nose, and throat emergency clinic with a seven week history of right sided earache and hearing loss. She had received treatment in the community, including aural microsuction, oral penicillin, and metronidazole. Despite this treatment her symptoms were worsening and the pain was now severe. During the previous day she had developed a right sided facial weakness. Her medical history included well controlled hypertension, glaucoma, and hypercholesterolaemia.

On clinical examination, she had a partial right facial nerve palsy with incomplete eye closure; her forehead muscles were also affected. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. She was afebrile and systemically well. The right ear canal was inflamed with granulation tissue and debris along its floor. After microsuction of debris, the tympanic membrane appeared normal.

Blood tests showed a raised C reactive protein and a white blood cell count at the upper end of the normal range.

Computed tomography of the temporal bones showed opacification of the right mastoid air cells but no bony erosion or evidence of intracranial infection.



### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Necrotising (malignant) otitis externa.

#### Long answer

Necrotising otitis externa is erosive infection of the external ear canal and temporal bone, as shown in this patient by opacification of the right mastoid air cells (figure⇓). It is also referred to as malignant otitis externa because of its aggressive and potentially fatal course, although this term is misleading because the condition is not cancerous.1 Deaths are caused by osteomyelitis and periostitis of the external auditory meatus, which can spread along the …
The intrinsic prostaglandin E2–EP4 system of the renal tubular epithelium limits the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice
Authors: Naoki Nakagawa, Koh-ichi Yuhki, Jun-ichi Kawabe, Takayuki Fujino, Osamu Takahata, Maki Kabara, Kazutoshi Abe, Fumiaki Kojima, Hitoshi Kashiwagi, Naoyuki Hasebe, Kenjiro Kikuchi, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Shuh Narumiya, Fumitaka Ushikubi
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
A Tale of Two Lanterns
Authors: Franklin G. Ebaugh
Journal: JAMA (1964)

TOO OFTEN, in his quest for well-being as a total person, the religiously oriented patient feels that he is faced with a choice between his faith and his doctor, for he has no assurance that the tenets of medicine and religion are consistent with one another. During my stay in the army during World War II, however, I noted a refreshing and portentous improvement in this situation. Sparked by the exigencies of the war emergency perhaps, the two great securers and builders of human history, religion and medicine, began to combine forces to help frightened and despairing people overcome their uncertainties and develop their potentials to fuller use. Within the last decade, several more concrete and highly encouraging developments have taken place at an organizational level in America, bringing religion and psychiatry closer together. One was the organization of the Academy of Religion and Mental Health in 1956. This group
Trend in the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Incidence
Authors: Carlos Lorenzo, Ken Williams, Kelly J. Hunt, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—With the current obesity epidemic, one would expect a prevalence increase in the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, in the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study with worsening obesity, we examined the metabolic syndrome and its effect on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We enrolled 5,158 subjects in two cohorts: 1979–1982 and 1984–1988. We reexamined 3,682 (71.4%) subjects in 1987–1990 (cohort 1) and 1991–1996 (cohort 2) and assessed a 7.5-year incidence of CVD in 4,635 (90.0%) participants. We used the metabolic syndrome definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III. RESULTS—At baseline, the metabolic syndrome was less prevalent in cohort 1 than in cohort 2: in men, 20.4 vs. 29.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.001); in women, 16.3 vs. 26.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The prevalence increased in men and women of both Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white ethnic groups between 1979–1982 and 1991–1996 (P for trend &amp;lt;0.001 for each of the groups). There was an excess of incident CVD in cohort 2 relative to cohort 1 (odds ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.02–1.84]) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnic origin, socioeconomic status, history of CVD, diabetes, total cholesterol, smoking, and family history of heart attack. Further adjustment for the metabolic syndrome reduced this difference (1.26 [0.93–1.71]) because the metabolic syndrome predicted incident CVD (1.58 [1.14–2.18]). CONCLUSIONS—In San Antonio, Texas, an increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome between 1979–1982 and 1984–1988 contributes to explain a higher CVD incidence.
TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis) activates CXCL16 expression during renal tubulointerstitial inflammation
Authors: María Concepción Izquierdo, Ana B. Sanz, Sergio Mezzano, Julia Blanco, Susana Carrasco, María Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Alberto Benito-Martín, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Jesús Egido, Alberto Ortiz
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a TNF superfamily cytokine that activates the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) receptor. Transcriptional analysis of experimental kidney tubulointerstitial inflammation showed a correlation between an upregulation of the mRNA for the transmembrane chemokine CXCL16, a T-cell chemoattractant, and Fn14 activation. Exogenous TWEAK increased mouse kidney CXCL16 expression and T-lymphocyte infiltration in vivo, processes inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide. Tubular cell CXCL16 was increased in a nephrotoxic tubulointerstitial inflammation model and neutralizing anti-TWEAK antibodies decreased this CXCL16 expression and lymphocyte infiltration. In human kidney biopsies with tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubular cell CXCL16 and Fn14 expressions were associated with inflammatory infiltrates. TWEAK upregulated CXCL16 mRNA expression in cultured renal tubular cells in an NF-κB-dependent manner and increased soluble and cellular CXCL16 protein. CXCL16 modestly promoted the expression of cytokines in tubular cells expressing its receptor (CXCR6) and appeared to synergize with TWEAK to promote an inflammatory response; however, it did not modulate tubular cell proliferation or survival. Thus, TWEAK upregulates the expression of the chemokine CXCL16 in tubular epithelium and this may contribute to kidney tubulointerstitial inflammation.
Working in the Netherlands
Authors: W. Sellar
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Not many British doctors cross the sea to work in Europe, least of all the Netherlands, protected by its difficult language. William Sellar worked there for seven years before returning to consultant practice in Britain

The number of mainland European doctors registering with the General Medical Council has increased dramatically in recent years, among them many Dutch doctors coming to the United Kingdom to train in various specialties. Some have even stayed to follow careers.

On the other hand, only a few British doctors dare to move across the North Sea to experience medicine on the European mainland. Even fewer think of going to the Netherlands (only part of which is called Holland, just as England is only part of the United Kingdom).

This is despite it being one of our nearest neighbours and a particularly anglophilic country. For younger people, this is based largely on the popularity of British films and pop music, but most older Dutch people still acknowledge a great debt to the many British, Canadian, and US troops who fought and died liberating the low countries at the end of the second world war.

The greatest barrier to going to the Netherlands is probably its language, not so far from old English, with sentence construction similar to German and a pronunciation that can be mistaken for a throat disease. The English are at a major disadvantage when tackling Dutch, unable to vocalise the sounds found in the Scottish ‘loch' or Irish ‘lough' without introducing a ‘k,' but nearly all UK medical graduates are thwarted by not having learned or used a second language since age 16. A recent survey of UK ophthalmologists revealed that only 31% could speak another European language. It is unlikely that other specialist groups do any better.

The second concern about pursuing …
A model of presinusoidal portal hypertension
Authors: Jay H. Lefkowitch
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The etiology of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is not known. To obtain clues to the pathogenesis, an attempt was made to produce a hepatic lesion similar to that in IPH by repeated injections of aggregated killed non-pathogenic E. coli directly into the portal vein. In the treated dogs, histology of the liver showed dense fibrosis in the portal tract and an aberrant vasculature around the portal area after 1 month. Portal pressure was elevated and middle-to-small-sized portal branches were decreased in number as studied by portography. These changes closely mimic those seen in human IPH. The possibility is discussed that chronic entrance of an antigen such as bacteria from the intestine to the portal venous system plays an etiologic role in IPH.
S5. Proffered paper: Maintenance therapy of metastatic colorectal carcinoma with the TLR-9 agonist MGN1703: clinical and immunological predictive pretreatment factors of activity in the IMPACT trial
Authors: H Schmoll, BW Wittig, DA Arnold, JRK Riera-Knorrenschild, DN Nietsche, HK Kroening, FM Mayer, JA Andel, RZ Ziebermayr, WS Scheithauer
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts MGN1703 is a synthetic DNA-based immunomodulator acting as TLR-9 agonist which has shown preclinical activity in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) as well as a good safety profile in patients with metastatic solid tumours in a Phase 1 trial. The IMPACT trial was conducted to
Inquiry "busts the myth" that combat trauma is linked to criminal behaviour
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Combat stress does not increase the crime rate among former members of the armed forces, who are no more likely to end up in prison than the civilian population, concludes an inquiry by the Howard League for Penal Reform.

There is a perception that the number of war veterans in the prison population is on the rise because combat related trauma resulting from action in Iraq and Afghanistan has driven many to crime. However, the report of the league’s inquiry into former armed service personnel in prison found little evidence to support this view. 

The chairman of the inquiry, John Nutting QC, said, “To a degree this inquiry has been involved in a process of ‘myth busting.’ Ex-servicemen are not committing crimes shortly after leaving the plane from Helmand, and it is unlikely that …
Lasker Award: Priority Claim
Authors: C. J. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As a member of American Medical Association and American Association for the Advancement of Science, I protest the printing of the letter from Dr. Saunders inThe Journalof March 8, 1965 (<b>191</b>:865). The true reward for scientific research is within the person—and not through awards. Having personally listened to dissertations by Nathan S. Kline, MD, concerning his work with MAO inhibitors, I must say that had the situation been reversed, Dr. Kline would have congratulated Dr. Saunders and said nothing more.
118 ADVANCED CYTOLOGY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT BILE DUCT STRICTURES IN PATIENTS WITH JAUNDICE: A TWO-STEP APPROACH
Authors: M. Sartori, M. Orsello, F. Montino, M. Ballaré, M. Pagliarulo, R. Boldorini, A. Paganotti, S. Carmagnola, S. Andorno, M. Del Piano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Trends in Mortality Rates by Subtypes of Heart Disease in the United States, 2000-2010
Authors: Matthew D. Ritchey, Fleetwood Loustalot, Barbara A. Bowman, Yuling Hong
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Despite considerable information on overall heart disease (HD) and coronary HD (CHD) mortality trends,1 less is known about trends for other HD subtypes. This study examines the contributions of HD subtypes to overall HD mortality trends during 2000-2010.