tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cobalamin malabsorption in three siblings due to an abnormal intrinsic factor that is markedly susceptible to acid and proteolysis.
Authors: Y M Yang, R Ducos, A J Rosenberg, P G Catrou, J S Levine, E R Podell, R H Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Three siblings presented in their second year of life with megaloblastic anemia that responded to parenteral cobalamin (Cbl). Schilling tests were less than 1%, correcting to 5 to 15% after addition of hog intrinsic factor (IF). Gastric acid analysis and gastric biopsies were normal by light and electron microscopy. Gastric juice contained less than 3 pmol/ml of Cbl-binding ability due to IF (normal, 10-34 pmol/ml) and less than 2 pmol/ml of IF when measured with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using normal human IF-[57Co]Cbl and rabbit anti-human IF serum (normal, 17-66 pmol/ml). However, RIA employing rabbit anti-hog IF serum gave values of 4-13 pmol/ml of IF (normal, 11-33 pmol/ml). This material had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 (normal IF = 70,000). The IF from gastric biopsies appeared normal in terms of Cbl-binding ability, ileal binding, molecular weight, and both RIAs. This IF differed from normal mucosal IF, in that it lost its Cbl-binding ability when incubated at 37 degrees C at acid pH or in the presence of pepsin or trypsin. This loss was retarded when [57Co]Cbl was bound to the IF before these incubations. The stabilizing effects of neutralization and Cbl were also demonstrated in vivo. Schilling tests for the siblings of 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0% increased to 2.7, 5.7, and 4.3% (P less than 0.05), respectively, when the Schilling tests were repeated with the addition of NaHCO3 and cobinamide (which allows Cbl to bind immediately to IF). We conclude that Cbl malabsorption in these children is due to an abnormal IF that is markedly susceptible to acid and proteolytic enzymes which cause a decrease in its molecular weight and Cbl-binding ability and a loss of antigenic determinants that are recognized by the anti-human IF serum.
Pancreatic Insufficiency as the Presenting Feature of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: ANDREW L. WARSHAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The fifth reported case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in association with a parathyroid adenoma is described. The patient presented with severe malabsorption syndrome in which diarrhea, weight loss, steatorrhea, and hypoproteinemia were prominent. She had no symptoms of pancreatitis, renal disease, or bone disease. The malabsorption syndrome was effectively treated by oral administration of pancreatic enzymes. Subsequently, the presence of hypercalcemia and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum led to the discovery of a parathyroid adenoma. After removal of the adenoma, the patient became euparathyroid. A secretin test of pancreatic function was still abnormal 2 months after surgery, but the degree of steatorrhea may have been somewhat less than it had been before surgery. It is suggested that in this patient hyperparathyroidism may have led to chronic pancreatitis and consequent injury and insufficiency. Hyperparathyroidism should be considered among the causes of pancreatic insufficiency.
Rapid Transient Efflux of Phosphate Ions from Pancreatic Islets as an Early Action of Insulin Secretagogues
Authors: Norbert Freinkel, Catherine El Younsi, Jerry Bonnar, Rex M. C. Dawson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Anionic fluxes during the membrane realignments of stimulated insulin release have not been characterized previously although cations have been implicated in stimulus-secretion coupling. We have shown that a limited packet pulse of phosphate release ("phosphate flush") begins at the same time that the first phase of insulin secretion may occur. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we have prelabeled islets, obtained from rat pancreas by collagenase digestions, by incubation with [32P]orthophosphate. When such prelabeled islets are perifused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate containing 0.5 mg/ml D-glucose, a basal rate of efflux of radioactivity is established; transfer to perifusates containing 3.0 mg/ml D-glucose elicits an increased 32P efflux within 1-2 min to peak values which are 7- to 21-fold greater than basal. The total duration of this "phosphate flush" approximates 10 min and exceeds the duration of the first phase of stimulated insulin secretion. With lesser concentrations of glucose, the flush exhibits dose-response relationships, and with 3 mg/ml glucose, a second flush can be elicited by restoring basal conditions and stimulating anew with 3 mg/ml glucose. The phenomenon is highly specific and can be reduplicated by other secretagogues (L-leucine) or sugars (D-mannose) which are also known to elicit insulin release but not by sugars which fail to affect insulin secretion (D-galactose, D-fructose, i-inositol, L-glucose). The efflux of radioactivity consists entirely of [32P]orthophosphate. Phosphate flush persists in phosphate-free media, Ca++-free media, and when insulin release is obtunded by adding Ni++ (2 mM) to the perifusates. Thus, efflux of [32P]orthophosphate can be dissociated from insulin extrusion, and from net influx of ionic phosphate or calcium. Membrane stabilization with D2O or 1.0 mM tetracaine reversibly inhibits phosphate flush. Although the mechanism by which this effect occurs has not yet been established, the phosphate flush appears to constitute one of the earliest and hitherto unknown indices of the excitatory state in pancreatic islets.
Fatty acyl chain composition in the determination of renal membrane order.
Authors: M K Hise, W W Mantulin, E J Weinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The relative roles of phospholipid fatty acyl chain length and phospholipid fatty acyl chain unsaturation in the determination of rat renal brush border membrane order were examined using multilamellar liposomes. Exposure of brush border membranes to sphingomyelinase resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrement in sphingomyelin content. Liposomes prepared from lipid extracts of these membranes were reconstituted to defined phosphatidylcholine (PC)/sphingomyelin (SPH) ratios with pure synthetic PCs of defined chain length and degrees of unsaturation. Mixed-acid PCs from bovine liver, egg, and the rat renal brush border membrane were also examined. The steady state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) at 37 degrees C was used to reflect acyl chain packing. The steady state anisotropy of DPH in liposomes isolated from the rat renal brush border membrane averaged 0.205 +/- 0.001, n = 8. When liposomes were reconstituted to PC/SPH ratios of 1.1, 1.6, and 2.4 with saturated PCs of acyl chain length 16 to 22, differences in anisotropy between groups were not observed. However, when PCs containing unsaturated or mixed-acid fatty acyl chains were introduced, anisotropy decreased in a concentration dependent fashion. These data suggest that phospholipid fatty acyl chain unsaturation, but not acyl chain length, has a powerful influence on renal brush border membrane order and the PC/SPH ratio is an important determinant of renal membrane order by virtue of the unsaturated fatty acids normally present with these phospholipids.
Double reading of screening mammograms will have resource implications
Authors: J. Wells, J. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Misconduct is not reported in biomedical journals in France EDrroR,-I was disappointed that Richard Smith was unable to list France among the countries having a system for tackling misconduct in research.'It seems that misconduct occurs in northern Europe and avoids the Latin culture; is there an explanation?France is known for the quality of its research and should be one of the leading countries in all domains of science, including integrity.Smith should not complain that Britain fails to respond to evidence of misconduct when compared with the rest of the world.Disclosure of information to peers and to the public through the lay press, as happens in Britain, does not occur in most countries.Only six countries have set up a commission on integrity, and in southern Europe it will probably take a generation to change people's attitudes.Misconduct does exist in France but is not reported in biomedical journals.The publication process is more a way of promoting people than of disseminating science.The policy of retracting papers seems odd to French scientists (if they understand it).The quality of papers is not a concern for many scientists.
Mast cells play a protumorigenic role in primary cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Anja Rabenhorst, Max Schlaak, Lukas C. Heukamp, Anja Förster, Sebastian Theurich, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Reinhard Büttner, Peter Kurschat, Cornelia Mauch, Axel Roers, Karin Hartmann
Journal: Blood (2012)
Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Male Athletes
Authors: Robert P. Heaney
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Klesges and colleagues<sup>1</sup>present data that appear to have profound implications for active individuals. Male basketball players lost bone mass during a 1-year period, and it was determined that this was mediated by loss of enormous amounts of calcium through sweat. The following year, with calcium supplementation, bone mass was gained. However, before athletes rush to consume calcium supplements, several important questions must be addressed. The first questions relate to collection and analysis of sweat samples. The authors state that they followed the procedure described by Tipton et al,<sup>2</sup>but this does not appear to have occurred. Tipton et al<sup>2</sup>used the arm-bag method to collect sweat, whereas Klesges et al<sup>1</sup>extracted sweat from T-shirts worn under the athletes' regular jerseys. The authors do not establish that this method provides a valid estimate of sweat calcium concentration, and indeed it seems probable that
Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Relation to Fasting Glucose in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Bo Ahrén
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—This study evaluated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects with normal fasting glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 148 healthy women (aged 53–70 years) underwent a glucose-dependent arginine stimulation test and a 2-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. In the arginine test, arginine (5 g) was injected intravenously under baseline (fasting) conditions and after raising the glucose levels to 15 and &amp;gt;28 mmol/l. From this test, the acute insulin response (AIR) to arginine during the three glucose levels (AIR1, AIR2, and AIR3) were estimated. The subjects were divided into quartiles of fasting glucose (n = 37 in each group [range &amp;lt;4.32; 4.33–4.84; 4.85–5.22; and 5.23–6.1 mmol/l, respectively). RESULTS—The results show that 1) AIR1 was higher in subjects in the two highest quartiles (P = 0.004), 2) AIR3 was higher in the quartile with the highest fasting glucose (P = 0.012), and 3) insulin sensitivity was reduced in subjects in the highest quartile (P = 0.026) compared with the lower quartiles. The results also show, in contrast, that AIR2 did not show a similar trend to be increased at higher fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS—It is concluded that 1) raised fasting glucose (albeit still within normal values) augments baseline and maximal arginine-induced insulin secretion in healthy subjects, and 2) this is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. This suggests that high, but still normal, fasting glucose may contribute to the augmented insulin secretion in subjects with low insulin sensitivity.
Scanning Electron Microscopy/1973
Authors: Victor Levine
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), invented 20 years ago, primarily gives three-dimensional surface details on a screen or photograph at magnifications comparable to a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy may in time replace TEM, since excellent transmission micrographs can now be made with SEM. An outstanding technical feature is the fact that SEM gives off several secondary rays, the most important being xrays, which are used in the nondestructive chemical analysis of biological specimens, metals, or paints, even of material less than 1,000 angstroms (1/10,000th mm) in size.  This book is remarkable in several ways. It includes general, technical, and pathology sections, and has 90 excellently illustrated reports—each accompanied by questions submitted by two reviewers and answers by the authors. A complete bibliography is included. The editors have accomplished a remarkable feat by publishing this book in the space of two months; each person attending the symposium received the
The Pneumatic Dilator.
Authors: Solomon Solis-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Philadelphia, May 21, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has just been called to a passage in Dr. W. E. Owen's excellent paper on the "General and Special Treatment of Tuberculosis," in your issue of Jan. 11, 1896, which unintentionally of course upon Dr. Owen's part, is liable to be misconstrued into a recommendation by me of a certain instrument mentioned in the paper, Dr. Hawley's "pneumatic dilator." This apparatus may be capable of doing all that is said, but as I have never seen or used it, I can have no opinion about it specially worth expressing. The passage referred to is on page 67 and reads as follows: "By it [the aforesaid apparatus] the cardio-vascular and the pulmonary capacities are greatly increased, and to use the words of Solis-Cohen, 'resulting in increased function, increased elimination of waste products of function; with increased buoyancy of spirits which is no
Is exercise good for high blood pressure?
Authors: R G Wilcox, T Bennett, A M Brown, I A Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Ten men with uncomplicated essential hypertension (mean standing blood pressure 165/109 mm Hg) and 10 normal controls matched for age and weight were studied for the hypotensive potential of moderate exercise. Tests were conducted on a treadmill set to induce a steady heart rate of 120 beats/min and performed over five 10-minute periods separated by three minutes' rest and finishing with 30 minutes' sitting quietly in a chair.During exercise the mean systolic pressures were identical in the hypertensive patients and controls (175+/-SEM 5 mm Hg), the controls therefore sustaining an appreciably greater increase in pressure. During the 30-minute rest period after the tests both the control and hypertensive groups showed a significant and sustained fall in absolute systolic pressures as compared with pre-exercise values (p <0.001), the mean percentage reductions being 22% and 25% respectively.If a fall in blood pressure after exercise is maintained for four to 10 hours, then a "good walk" twice a day might be reasonable treatment for mild hypertension. Studies are continuing to determine the amount of exercise needed and the duration for which the reduction in blood pressure is maintained.
Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death
Authors: Michel Obeid, Antoine Tesniere, François Ghiringhelli, Gian Maria Fimia, Lionel Apetoh, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Maria Castedo, Grégoire Mignot, Theoharis Panaretakis, Noelia Casares, Didier Métivier, Nathanael Larochette, Peter van Endert, Fabiola Ciccosanti, Mauro Piacentini, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Management of patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3: Comments on updated american association for the study of liver diseases practice guidelines
Authors: Olav Dalgard, Alessandra Mangia
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The issue of relapse. This is considered the main problem of a short course of treatment for patients with genotype 2 or 3. However, in our view, it might be overcome. As recently suggested, the exclusion of obese patients and those with advanced liver damage from a short course of treatment would lower the relapse rate significantly.5 Economical costs. With some surprise we noted that the Scandinavian randomized controlled trial of 14 versus 24 weeks treatment to patients with genotype 2 or 3 and rapid virological response (RVR) (n = 428) was not included in the authors' considerations.4 Especially, we think the economical analysis based on this trial should have been mentioned. In this analysis, we compared the economical costs of 14 weeks treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa2b (PEG-IFN-α2b) (1.5 μg/kg/week) and ribavirin (800-1400 mg/day) to all patients with genotype 2 or 3 and RVR and retreatment with the same dosages for 24 weeks of those who relapse with the price of 24 weeks PEG-IFN-α2b (1.5 μg/kg/week) and ribavirin (800 mg daily) to all. The price of the first strategy (short treatment and eventual retreatment) is according to our calculation U.S. $13,710 per treated patient as compared to U.S. $18,480 for the second strategy (24 weeks to all). The price for one case of sustained virological response was calculated to be U.S. $14,420 and U.S. $19,450 for the first and second strategy, respectively. We believe that with the exception of obese patients and patients with cirrhosis, 12-14 weeks of hepatitis C virus treatment should be recommended for patients with genotype 2 or 3 and RVR. Those who relapse after short treatment should be offered retreatment for 24 weeks. Olav Dalgard*, Alessandra Mangia , * Infectious Disease Department, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," IRCCS,, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
"CUTIS ANSERINUS," OR "GOOSE PIMPLES"
Authors: Walter A. Landry
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. R. W. Buck's expressed intellectual "allergy" for "goose pimples," slang variant for "goose flesh" (The Journal, August 30), is nothing to my own "goose flesh" whenever I hear some surgeon say "I operated her."
2004 Presidential Address: The Sheep, the Ostrich, the Ant, Diabetes, and the Tragedy of the Common
Authors: Eugene J. Barrett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

When I first began considering what I would like to speak about today, I reviewed the last five presidential lectures. After considering these, it didn’t seem like there was much left to cover! There was, however, the irresistible urge to have, at least, a catchy title, hence “The Sheep, the Ostrich, the Ant, Diabetes, and the Tragedy of the Common.” What links these things together?

In 1968, Garrett Hardin published a thought-provoking article in the journal Science describing what he called, the “tragedy of the Commons” (1). Hardin was a population biologist concerned about the issue of population growth both in the U.S. and abroad. Briefly stated, the article suggested that the problem of population growth could be likened to the dilemma that arises when a community maintains a common resource. The example that Hardin gave was that of a common grazing area.

It was a frequent practice in the early years of this country, and in many areas of the world still, for villages and towns to create and maintain a common grazing area. This was land that had been cleared by the community where sheep, cattle, or other animals could graze in a shared field or “Common” that was owned, not by any individual, but by the entire community. If we visit Boston today we can still see its Common—no longer a grazing field, but still a community resource.

Hardin pointed out that, in the setting of a communally shared grazing field, there is a near-irresistible temptation for each member of the community to add additional sheep or cattle to graze the common ground. This temptation can be illustrated mathematically. If there are n sheep grazing on the common meadow, each member of the community can consider the benefit and deficit of adding one additional sheep. For the …
Skin Ulcers and Tuberculosis Outbreaks
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 March 1993Skin Ulcers and Tuberculosis OutbreaksWilliam W. Stead, MDWilliam W. Stead, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-6-199303150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Tuberculosis outbreaks after exposure to a patient with an undiagnosed tuberculous skin ulcer [1] and an undiagnosed draining thigh abscess [2] contradict the dictum that extrapulmonary tuberculous lesions are incapable of producing intense exposure reactions in hospital personnel. Aerosolization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not caused by tussive expulsion of droplet nuclei but resulted from the great hydrophobicity of tubercle bacilli. This property causes them to concentrate at the surface of aqueous material [3], so that even minor disturbances render them airborne [4]. Wendt and colleagues [5] have shown that M. avium-intracellulare is aerosolized from water by a ...References1. Frampton MW. An outbreak of tuberculosis among hospital personnel caring for a patient with a skin ulcer. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 312-3. Google Scholar2. Hutton MD, Stead WW, Cauthen GM, Bloch AB, Ewing WM. Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis associated with a draining abscess. J Infect Dis. 1990; 161:286-95. Google Scholar3. Hejkal TW, LaRock PA, Winchester JW. Water-to-air fractionation of bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980; 39:335-8. Google Scholar4. VanOss CJ, Gilman CF, Neumann AW. Phagocytic Engulfment and Cell Adhesiveness. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1975:28-33. Google Scholar5. Wendt SL, George KL, Parker BC, Gruft H, Falkinham JO III. Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. III. Isolation of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria from aerosols. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980; 122:259-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInfection Prevention in the Health Care SettingIsolationPapulonecrotic tuberculide complicating scrofuloderma in a health-care worker 15 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 6Page: 474KeywordsAbscessesHIVInfectious diseasesIsoniazidLesionsMycobacterium tuberculosisPreventive medicineTuberculinTuberculosisUlcers Issue Published: 15 March 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...