tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Function Is Enhanced in Inspiratory Muscles of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Florence Ribera, Benoit N'Guessan, Joffrey Zoll, Dominique Fortin, Bernard Serrurier, Bertrand Mettauer, Xavier Bigard, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Eliane Lampert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inspiratory muscles face increased resistive and elastic workloads and therefore increased energy requirements. The adaptive response of these muscles to this higher energy demand includes increased oxidative enzymes and changes in contractile protein expression but the consequences on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism have not been assessed so far. We investigated the in situ properties of the mitochondria of costal diaphragm and external intercostal muscles using the skinned fiber technique in 9 emphysematous and 11 age-matched control patients. Biopsies obtained during thoracic surgery were placed in an oxygraphic chamber to measure maximal oxygen uptake. We observed that the maximal oxidative capacity of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles increased significantly in the emphysematous group compared with the control group (+135 and +37%, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the maximal oxidative capacity and patients' pulmonary indexes of obstruction (diaphragm: r = -0.637, intercostal: r = -0.667, p < 0.005) and hyperinflation (diaphragm: r = 0.639, p < 0.003, intercostal: r = 0.634, p < 0.01). Slow myosin heavy chain isoform increased in the diaphragm of the emphysematous group, with significant relationships between indexes of obstruction and hyperinflation and activities of biochemical mitochondrial markers. Thus, severe emphysema was associated with increased mitochondrial capacity and efficiency in the inspiratory muscles, supporting an endurance training-like effect.
Thyroid Cancer Presenting as a PET Incidentaloma in a Patient With Concomitant Breast Cancer Metastases to the Thyroid
Authors: R??becca Leboeuf, Fran??ois B??nard, Marie-France Langlois
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Metastases to the thyroid gland are considered a rare cause of thyroid tumor. Furthermore, a relationship between breast and thyroid carcinoma has been previously proposed.We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with simultaneous papillary and breast carcinoma within the thyroid gland. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) done for the evaluation of her metastatic breast cancer revealed a thyroid incidentaloma with a high metabolic rate (standardized uptake value [SUV] of 13). She underwent thyroidectomy and the pathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma corresponding to the lesion visualized on FDG PET. However, small metastatic implants of breast carcinoma were seen within the opposite thyroid lobe.This is a rare description of a concomitant papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as an FDG PET incidentaloma alongside breast cancer metastases to the thyroid gland. Thyroid and breast cancer sometimes occur in the same patient. However, no explanation has been found to link these 2 cancers. Although uncommon, FDG PET thyroid incidentalomas seem to harbor a higher rate of malignancy than incidentalomas found on conventional imaging. In the appropriate clinical setting, it is therefore suggested to investigate these lesions thoroughly.
Erythropoiesis in primary (idiopathic) osteomyelofibrosis: Quantification, PCNA-reactivity, and prognostic impact
Authors: Juergen Thiele, Roland Windecker, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Baerbel Ruth Titius, Rudolph Zankovich, Robert Fischer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract In 64 patients with primary (idiopathic) osteomyelofibrosis (OMF), a morphometric analysis has been performed on bone marrow trephine biopsies following sequential doubleimmunostaining with monoclonal antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and erythroid precursor cells (glycophorin C). The purpose of this study was to quantify erythropoiesis and its PCNA‐staining capacity and, further, to determine the impact of these parameters for the development of anemia and for prognosis. In comparison with a control group (15 patients), a significant reduction in the number of erythronormoblasts could be demonstrated, associated with an increase in PCNA‐labelling. Moreover, significant correlations between the amount of nucleated erythroid marrow cells and degree of anemia (hemoglobin level, hematocrit, erythrocyte count) and survival could be calculated. Adverse relationships were assessed between number of erythroid cells, thrombocyte count, and spleen size, and also argyrophilic (reticulin/collagen) fiber density. These interactions were thought to reflect the biological behaviour of the disease process, i.e., the progression or extent of myeloid metaplasia. Our findings support ferrokinetic studies suggesting erythroid hypoplasia as one of the major causes of anemia in OMF. The remarkable high PCNA‐labelling index of the macrocytic‐megaloblastoid appearing erythropoiesis is probably caused by an overexpression of this marker protein. A comparative evaluation of Ki‐67 antigen immunostaining in splenic tissue (myeloid metaplasia) and of the PCNA‐labelling in pernicious anemia lend support to the assumption of an undue prolongation of the S‐phase generated by secondary folate (hematinic) deficiency. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drugs and L.E. Cell Phenomenon
Authors: P. Ghosh
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BmEDICJU 51 medical control.Major side-effects--osteo- porosis and Cushing's syndrome-can be mitigated with anabolic hormones, potassium, diuretics, change of steroid preparation, and most effectively with short-term treatment, which presented no addiction symptoms.The percentage of deaths from asthma remained unchanged before and after the steroid era (0.7%).We lost 38 steroidtreated patients in the past 10 years, of whom seven died in acute adrenal failure, verified in all cases by necropsy and histology.
The Mahler revolution.
Authors: M R Bahl
Journal: BMJ (1977)

toxaemia" were higher in every one of the six years.Deaths from these two causes in 1969 amounted to 6-8 per 1000 and in 1975 to 8-8 per 1000 births, an increase almost exactly equal to the reduction in the rate for the "mature, cause unknown" category.In- creases in both premature birth rates and maternal toxaemia have been reported in asso- ciation with high induction rates, so these changes may be more than coincidental.If this is the case it may explain the failure of high induction rates to reduce overall perinatal mortality rates, even if some unexplained deaths of mature infants are thereby pre- vented.
The Giant Magnet in Ophthalmic Battle Casualties
Authors: R. E. Wright, H. A. G. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1944)

ACUTE PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER BRITISALranged from half an hour to 3 days.It will be seen that in a large majority of cases operation was performed within 6 hours of perforation.This promptness of treatment is doubtless due partly to the fact that the area served is predominantly urban, but much credit must hlso be given to the diagnostic acumen of the practitioners in this area.Fig. 14 shows that in this series the fatality rate rose progressively with delay in treatment.This, of course, confirms general experi- ence and the reports of all previous observers.
Neutralization of HIV subtypes A and D by breast milk IgG from women with HIV infection in Uganda
Authors: Jana M. Palaia, Michelle McConnell, Jenna E. Achenbach, Claire E. Gustafson, Kristina A. Stoermer, Monica Nolan, Laura A. Guay, Thomas K. Leitner, Flavia Matovu, Allan W. Taylor, Mary Glenn Fowler, Edward N. Janoff
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Bradycardia and Asystole Is the Predominant Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Michael C.G. Wong, Jonathan M. Kalman, Eugenia Pedagogos, Nigel Toussaint, Jitendra K. Vohra, Paul B. Sparks, Prashanthan Sanders, Peter M. Kistler, Karen Halloran, Geoffrey Lee, Stephen A. Joseph, Joseph B. Morton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Protein Intake in Renal Failure
Authors: D. N. S. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BDIAJOURNL 1001 jected subcutaneously one inch (2.5 cm.) above the symphysis pubis.One end of the catheter, with three or four side-holes cut in it, is threaded through the hub of the needle and partly down its lumen.The needle point is now thrust obliquely downwards through the anaesthetized part of the skin and into the distended bladder.Urine immediately starts to flow down the catheter, which is quickly threaded along the needle until an estimated four to six inches (10-15 cm.) lies inside the bladder.Taking care not to dis- lodge the catheter, the needle is now withdrawn from the bladder and abdominal wall.A piece of adhesive strapping will hold the catheter in position and its distal end is inserted into a drainage bottle.After 24-48 hours of drainage, oedema of the prostatic urethra will have settled and a further attempt at urethral catheterization can be made; or a prostatectomy, if now indicated, can be performed.-I am, etc.,
Non-ionic Gd-based MRI contrast agents are optimal for encapsulation into phosphatidyldiglycerol-based thermosensitive liposomes
Authors: Martin Hossann, Tungte Wang, Zulfiya Syunyaeva, Michael Wiggenhorn, Anja Zengerle, Rolf D. Issels, Maximilian Reiser, Lars H. Lindner, Michael Peller
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Defective metabolism of hypertriglyceridemic low density lipoprotein in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Normalization with bezafibrate therapy.
Authors: Y Kleinman, S Eisenberg, Y Oschry, D Gavish, O Stein, Y Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The metabolism of hypertriglyceridemic low density lipoprotein (HTG-LDL) was investigated in upregulated cultured human skin fibroblasts. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was isolated by zonal centrifugation from the plasma of seven HTG subjects, before and 2 wk after the initiation of bezafibrate (BZ) therapy. HTG-LDL is a cholesterol-poor, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein of smaller diameter than BZ-LDL or normal LDL (N-LDL). Binding, cell association, and proteolytic degradation of HTG-LDL were compared with that of BZ-LDL and N-LDL and were found to be significantly lower by a paired t test analysis (P less than 0.001). After 6 h preincubation with unlabeled HTG-LDL, the incorporation of [14C]acetate to sterols was significantly higher than with BZ-LDL or N-LDL (577 +/- 43.7; 330 +/- 41.5; 262 +/- 47, mean +/- SE, picomoles sterols per milligram cell protein per 2 h, respectively; P less than 0.001 by paired t test). To determine the effectiveness of HTG-LDL and BZ-LDL on the down-regulation of LDL receptor activity, up-regulated cells were incubated for 48 h with HTG-LDL and BZ-LDL. LDL receptor activity was significantly higher after preincubation with HTG-LDL compared with BZ-LDL, and the rates of sterol synthesis were similarly increased. These results demonstrate that HTG-LDL does not down-regulate the LDL receptor activity as efficiently as BZ-LDL and that its cholesterol content is not enough to adequately suppress cellular sterol synthesis. Significant correlation between LDL composition and cholesterol synthesis by cultured cells was found with all LDL preparations over a wide range of cholesteryl ester to protein ratio (0.8-2.2). This correlation indicates that the compositional and structural abnormalities of HTG-LDL, and especially the low cholesterol content of the lipoprotein, alter LDL metabolism and cellular cholesterol formation.
Glucagon gene transcription is negatively regulated by insulin in a hamster islet cell line.
Authors: J Philippe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Complex interrelationships exist between the four pancreatic islet cell types and their respective secretory products, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. These hormones are known to interact with the different islet cells and modulate their functions. Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion from the A cell both in vivo and in vitro and, in states of insulin deficiency, high glucagon levels are observed that are normalized by insulin replacement. To determine if insulin also regulates glucagon biosynthesis, we studied its effects on glucagon gene expression. Our studies indicate that insulin, in a dose-dependent fashion decreases steady-state glucagon mRNA levels in a clonal hamster islet cell line, In-R1-G9; this decrease is secondary to an inhibition of glucagon gene transcription as assessed by transcriptional run-on assays and does not involve detectable changes in mRNA stability. Inhibition of glucagon gene transcription is accompanied by corresponding decreases in glucagon immunoreactivity in both cell extracts and medium. We conclude that insulin may not only regulate glucagon secretion but also glucagon gene expression.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration promotes invasion of colonic epithelial monolayer by Shigella flexneri.
Authors: J J Perdomo, P Gounon, P J Sansonetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In vivo and in vitro, Shigella flexneri, an invasive pathogen of the human colon, cannot invade epithelial cells through their apical pole. To identify ways by which it may reach the cellular basolateral domain in order to invade, we have established an assay using the human colonic T-84 cell line grown on permeable filters. Human PMN were added to the basal pole of the cells, and invasive shigellae to their apical pole. Apical addition of bacteria induced strong transmigration of PMN, reaching a maximum after 1 h of incubation. Transmigration depended on a receptor-specific interaction since it was inhibited by an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody that antagonizes binding of MAC1 on its putative epithelial cell receptor. After 1 h of PMN transmigration, shigellae started to invade the monolayer in areas of intense PMN infiltration. Invasion was clearly dependant on PMN transmigration since it was also inhibited by addition of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody. This in vitro assay is consistent with in vivo observations showing early PMN efflux within colonic crypts in the course of shigellosis. PMN transmigration may therefore allow invasion in the colon by opening the paracellular pathway to invasive microorganisms.
Microvascular Function Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Primary Prevention
Authors: Todd J. Anderson, Francois Charbonneau, Lawrence M. Title, Jean Buithieu, M. Sarah Rose, Heather Conradson, Kathy Hildebrand, Marinda Fung, Subodh Verma, Eva M. Lonn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Biomarkers of atherosclerosis may refine clinical decision making in individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of endothelial function and other vascular markers in apparently healthy men. Methods and Results— The cohort consisted of 1574 men (age, 49.4 years) free of vascular disease. Measurements included flow-mediated dilation and its microvascular stimulus, hyperemic velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and C-reactive protein. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated the relationship between vascular markers, Framingham risk score, and time to a first composite cardiovascular end point of vascular death, revascularization, myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke. Subjects had low median Framingham risk score (7.9%). Cardiovascular events occurred in 71 subjects (111 events) over a mean follow-up of 7.2±1.7 years. Flow-mediated dilation was not associated with subsequent cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.92; P =0.54). Both hyperemic velocity (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.90; P =0.006) and carotid intima-media thickness (hazard ratio, 1.45; confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.83; P =0.002) but not C-reactive protein ( P =0.35) were related to events in a multivariable analysis that included Framingham risk score (per unit SD). Furthermore, the addition of hyperemic velocity to Framingham risk score resulted in a net clinical reclassification improvement of 28.7% ( P &lt;0.001) after 5 years of follow-up in the intermediate-risk group. Overall net reclassification improvement for hyperemic velocity was 6.9% ( P =0.24). Conclusions— In men, hyperemic velocity, the stimulus for flow-mediated dilation, but not flow-mediated dilation itself was a significant risk marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The prognostic value was additive to traditional risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness. Hyperemic velocity, a newly described marker of microvascular function, is a novel tool that may improve risk stratification of lower-risk healthy men.
SUBCUTANEOUS PHYCOMYCOSIS IN NIGERIA.
Authors: R. R. M. HARMAN, HUGHLINGS JACKSON, A. J. P. WILLIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article SUBCUTANEOUS PHYCOMYCOSIS IN NIGERIA. Get access R. R. M. HARMAN, M.R.C.P., R. R. M. HARMAN, M.R.C.P. Departments of Dermatology, Surgery and Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HUGHLINGS JACKSON, F.R.C.S., HUGHLINGS JACKSON, F.R.C.S. Departments of Dermatology, Surgery and Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. J. P. WILLIS, M.R.C.P. A. J. P. WILLIS, M.R.C.P. Departments of Dermatology, Surgery and Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 10, 1 October 1964, Pages 408–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14464.x Published: 01 October 1964
A RECURRENT NEUROBLASTOMA OF THE SCAPULAR REGION
Authors: DOUGLAS SYMMERS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Attention recently has been directed by J. H. Wright<sup>1</sup>to the existence of a malignant tumor the unit of which is to be regarded as an undifferentiated nerve-cell, hence the neoplasmic designation "neuroblastoma," or, less happily, "neurocytoma." The cells of the tumor are associated, as a rule, with delicate fibrils which do not correspond in their staining reactions with neuroglia, collagen or fibroglia, and are provided with rather small, richly chromatic nuclei and scarcely perceptible cytoplasm. The fibrils are arranged in parallel bundles in intimate association with clumps of cells and, in places, the cells are so disposed as to surround tangled masses of fibrils; hence, in equatorial section they give the appearance of rosettes. In the absence of rosettes the tumor might easily be mistaken for a small round-cell sarcoma, under which designation, indeed, most of the cases in the literature have been recorded. The tardy recognition of
FEV1 and PEF in COPD management
Authors: D. NOLAN, P. WHITE;, M G PEARSON
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare entity that is usually asymptomatic.A 44 year old man with alpha-thalassaemia is described who developed dyspnoea and massive left sided haemothorax.The haemoglobin disorder was established by Hgb H staining and haemoglobin electrophoretic studies.The DNA analysis revealed it to be a case of double heterozygous terminal codon mutation with the genotype CS / T .Computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax showed multiple paravertebral masses which were found by thoracoscopic biopsy to be extramedullary haematopoiesis.Although no additional sclerosing pleurodesis or low dose radiation therapy was given, the lung expanded well and there has been no recurrence of haemothorax to date.
Increased skeletal muscle amino acid release with light exercise in deconditioned patients with heart failure
Authors: Roberto Aquilani, Cristina Opasich, Maurizia Dossena, Paolo Iadarola, Alessandra Gualco, Patrizia Arcidiaco, Simona Viglio, Federica Boschi, Manuela Verri, Evasio Pasini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Rural Health Care Faces Reform Too; Providers Sow Seeds for Better Future
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE VOICE of rural America, scarcely audible to organized medicine and policymakers in past decades, is demanding to be heard in the debate over health care reform in the United States. Almost one fourth of all Americans, or 55 million people, are rural residents, and during the last decade they have seen their already tenuous access to primary care services decline even further. Ten percent of all rural hospitals closed during the 1980s. Numerous disincentives have caused physicians and surgeons to leave rural practices. And many rural residents have contributed to the problem by driving past rural providers to obtain their care in urban centers. The outlook for the future is also disconcerting. In a recent survey, 23% of physicians with practices in rural communities said they were dissatisfied and plan to leave within 5 years. Many experts are predicting that these physicians will pursue practices in urban areas as
From Disease Prevention to Health Promotion
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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