tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in the General Population From 2000 to 2010
Authors: Ariane J. Marelli, Raluca Ionescu-Ittu, Andrew S. Mackie, Liming Guo, Nandini Dendukuri, Mohammed Kaouache
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Our objective was to obtain contemporary lifetime estimates of congenital heart disease (CHD) prevalence using population-based data sources up to year 2010. Methods and Results— The Quebec CHD database contains 28 years of longitudinal data on all individuals with CHD from 1983 to 2010. Severe CHD was defined as tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, transposition complexes, endocardial cushion defects, and univentricular hearts. We used latent class bayesian models combining case definitions from physician claims, hospitalization, and surgical data to obtain point and interval prevalence estimates of CHD in the first year of life, in children (&lt;18 years of age) and in adults. We identified 107 559 CHD patients from 1983 to 2010. Prevalence of CHD in the first year of life was 8.21 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval, 7.47–9.02) from 1998 to 2005. In 2010, overall prevalence of CHD was 13.11 per 1000 (95% confidence interval, 12.43–13.81) in children and 6.12 per 1000 (95% confidence interval, 5.69–6.57) in adults. CHD prevalence increased by 11% in children and 57% in adults from 2000 to 2010. Prevalence in the severe CHD subgroup increased by 19% (95% confidence interval, 17%–21%) in children and 55% (51%–62%) in adults. By 2010, adults accounted for 66% of the entire CHD population. Conclusions— With an increase of &gt;50% in CHD prevalence since 2000, by 2010 adults accounted for two thirds of patients with severe and other forms of CHD in the general population. Our findings should inform allocation of resources and the planning of workforce needs for the predominantly adult CHD population.
Primary amyloidosis of the renal pelvis.
Authors: G. D. Chisholm, N. B. Cooter, J. M. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Gross involvement of the pelvicaliceal system by primary amyloidosis is a distinct rarity. Rukavina et al. (1956) reviewed 142 cases of primary amyloidosis and showed that liver, spleen, myocardium, and kidneys were most often affected. Renal involvement occurred in 48% of their series; the glomeruli were invariably affected even in the earliest stages of the disease, and frequent involvement of the interstitial tissues and vasa rectae was recorded. In a more recent but smaller series Briggs (1961) reported similar findings and pointed out that renal lesions of primary and secondary amyloidosis were of similar distribution. Apart from the renal parenchyma, involvement of the urinary tract by primary amyloid is unusual and when it does occur it is most often seen in either the ureter or the bladder.
Full-Term Pregnancy and Spontaneous Delivery After Ileocystoplasty
Authors: Willard E. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE OPERATION of ileocystoplasty, to increase bladder capacity and to preserve function in the upper urinary tract, is an accepted procedure when used in properly selected cases. Although this procedure has been employed widely in Europe and to a lesser extent in this country, we know of only 2 reports of subsequent pregnancy.  In each of these cases, the pregnancy was terminated by elective cesarean section, in part because of fear of damage to the mesentery of the new bladder which is made of small bowel attached to the dome of the contracted urinary bladder.  The purpose of this paper is to report a successful and unique case of ileocystoplasty in a young woman who subsequently became pregnant and had an uncomplicated, spontaneous delivery of a normal full-term infant without any apparent damage to the artificial bladder or its blood supply.  Report of a Case  In May, 1959, a 21-year-old,
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Investigation of Amantadine for Weight Loss in Subjects Who Gained Weight With Olanzapine
Authors: Karen A. Graham, Hongbin Gu, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Joyce B. Harp, Diana O. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine if amantadine affects weight gain in psychiatric patients taking olanzapine. METHOD: Twenty-one adults who had gained at least 5 lb with olanzapine were randomly assigned to receive amantadine (N=12) or placebo (N=9) in addition to olanzapine. The length of time taking olanzapine ranged from 1 to 44 months. Body mass index, psychiatric status, and fasting blood levels were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Significantly fewer subjects taking amantadine gained weight, with a mean change in body mass index of –0.07 kg/m2 for the amantadine group and 1.24 kg/m2 for the placebo group. This effect remained significant when the authors controlled for baseline body mass index and length of olanzapine treatment. No changes in fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, prolactin, and lipid levels were seen. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Amantadine induced weight stabilization in subjects taking olanzapine and was well tolerated.
Minister Increases Penalty
Authors: J. W. Wigg
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BrITISH 1317 prepared by heating ox red cells at 100' C. for an hour.This accentuates the possibility that the perfusion technique used in openheart surgery might contribute to the infec- tious-mononucleosis syndrome.A further observation I made' was that there appeared to be a quantitative association between certain of the abnormal cells and the level of the heterophile-antibody titre.The following Table ' shows this in detail.The " large mononuclears " counted are probably aberrant tissue cells released by acute focal hyperplasia from the lymphatic reticulum.They are larger than and usually easily dis- tinguished from monocytes.They " smear"' readily and are liable to disappear in a few days." Virocytes " and Downey types other than type III seem unrelated to the presence of antibodies.Average No. of Serological No. of Large Classification Cases Mononuclears per c.mm. High positive (over 1 in 200) 25 2,366 Positive (1 in 30 to 1 in 200) 28 748Low positive (under 1 in 30) 20 669Negative .
Development of B-Cell Lymphoma in Homosexual Men Clinical and Immunologic Findings
Authors: ALEXANDRA M. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Serious infections, neoplasms, and immunologic abnormalities have been found in homosexual men. We describe the development of malignant lymphoma in six such patients, three of whom had persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy. In biopsies done before the lymphoma developed, the lymphadenopathy was characterized morphologically by a distinctive pattern of B-cell follicular hyperplasia. All lymphomas were of B-lymphocytic origin, including B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma; small noncleaved, Burkitt-like lymphoma; and plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma. Extranodal presentation with B symptoms occurred in five patients. Median age of our patients was 33 years. Three patients had histories of repeated systemic infections. The peripheral blood lymphocyte count was depressed in four, with depression of OKT 4+ (helper phenotype) cell levels and reversal of the T-helper:T-suppressor ratio in all. We conclude that these patients are at risk for the development of abnormalities of the B-lymphocytic system, manifested by abnormal hyper-B-cell response in enlarged reactive lymph nodes and aggressive, extranodal B-cell lymphomas.
Tortion of Testis after Eversion of Sac of Vaginal Hydrocele
Authors: N. M. Kazi
Journal: BMJ (1966)

on the occur- rence of ulcerative colitis among the Baganda, as we have recently seen a West African patient who appeared to have this disease.A 60-year-old Yoruba farmer was admited to hospital under the care of Professor T. W. G. Kinnear with a three-month history of weight loss and bloody diarrhoea.He was a wasted anaemic old man with oedema of the ankles and patchy depigmentation of the skin.No abnormality was found on examination of the abdomen.Laboratory investigations gave the following results: haemoglobin 5.8 g./l0O ml., blood urea 14 mg./l00 ml., serum potassium 2.8 mEq/L., total plasma proteins 4.1 g./100 ml. and normal liver function tests.Repeated stool examinations showed ova of ascaris and hook- worm and a few strongyloides larvae but no active or cystic forms of Entamoeba histolytica.No pathogenic organisms were isolated on stool culture.The lining of the bowel was found to be reddened and inflamed at sigmoidoscopy.No amoebae were seen in a smear taken from the bowel wall.A barium enema showed loss of haustration and increased rigidity throughout the length of the transverse and descending colon.A week after admission the patient suddenly developed peripheral circulatory collapse.A chest x-ray and an electrocardiogram showed no evidence of pulmonary or myocardial infarc- tion.The serum potassium had risen with treatment to 3.6 mEq/L.Intravenous infusion
Former health minister questions why GPs did not sound alarm bells about Stafford hospital
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Former health secretary Andy Burnham was given just four lines of civil service advice on Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust before he let its application for foundation trust status go forward, he has told the public inquiry into the trust’s failings.

Mr Burnham, who was a health minister in 2007 when he allowed the application to go ahead, said: “I was not presented with any information about care quality at the trust.” He had not been told that two months earlier it had come out as one of the 10 worst performing trusts in the country in the Dr Foster hospital standardised mortality ratio tables. …
Letter: Distribution and supervision of oral contraceptives.
Authors: W K Walls
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This letter comments on a previous letter (October 19) from Dr. M.V. Smith which advocated widening the range of those empowered to dispense oral contraceptives. Registered nurses, midwives, and health visitors with some training were to be included. The previous letter also recommended that any woman who wished to see a doctor when starting this therapy or during its use should have an opportuntiy to do so. Also, doctors were to continue to supervise the service. The present writer warns that the experise should not be too diluted and that the standard of care should not be allowed to fall. Nurses might require only small additional training. For other health personnel an adequate theroretical and practical training is essential. Weekly sessions for 3 months are suggested. The pill is considered potentially dangerous if used wrongly or for inappropriate cases.
MIGRAINE AND FUNCTIONAL HEADACHES FROM EYE STRAIN.
Authors: PETER A. CALLAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Writers on nervous diseases, as a rule, devote considerable attention to migraine, its etiology and clinical phases. It is generally conceded that it is due to some special sources of irritation, whether in the stomach, uterus, eye or elsewhere in the system. The eye is often honored as a causative factor with the appropriate heading of "Ophthalmic Migraine." Physicians and scientists have recorded minutely and accurately, attacks occuring in their own persons. Among these, Wollaston stands preëminent as the first who drew general attention to one phase of this functional disturbance, viz.: temporary hemianopsia. A dissertation on the "Semi-Decussation of the Optic Nerves" was published by him in the "Philosophical Transactions" a few years prior to his death, which took place in 1806, from organic disease of the brain. In this paper he stoutly affirmed his belief in the semi-decussation of the nerves at the optic chiasm. He arrived at
Early pediatric atopic dermatitis shows only a cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+ TH2/TH1 cell imbalance, whereas adults acquire CLA+ TH22/TC22 cell subsets
Authors: Tali Czarnowicki, Hitokazu Esaki, Juana Gonzalez, Dana Malajian, Avner Shemer, Shinji Noda, Sreya Talasila, Adam Berry, Jayla Gray, Lauren Becker, Yeriel Estrada, Hui Xu, Xiuzhong Zheng, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, James G. Krueger, Amy S. Paller, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Abstract 704: Inhibitors of telomerase and of poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerases synergize to limit the lifespan of pancreatic cancer cells.
Authors: Katrina M. Burchett, Michel M. Ouellette
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Telomerase is required for the unlimited lifespan of cancer cells. Pancreatic cancers are almost always positive for telomerase activity and inhibiting telomerase in these cells could limit their lifespan. In this project, we have characterized the biology of telomeres in a panel of 11 pancreatic cancer cell lines and have examined the effects of GRN163L (Imetelstat), a potent telomerase inhibitor, on these cells. GRN163L inhibited telomerase in all 11 pancreatic cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 50 nM to 200 nM. Continuous exposure of AsPC-1, CAPAN1 and CD18 cells to 1 μM GRN163L resulted in telomere shortening, induction of crisis, and loss of the cultures. Crisis In these cells was accompanied by activation of a DNA damage response (γ-H2AX) and evidence of both senescence (SA-β-galactosidase) and apoptosis (Floating cells, sub-G1 DNA content, PARP1 cleavage). In L3.6 cells, continuous GRN163L exposure led to the emergence of a GRN163L-resistant sub-population of cells. Over the last year, these cells have been expanded at successively higher concentrations of GRN163L and are still dividing in the presence of 10 μM GRN163L. To shorten telomeres and limit the lifespan of these cells, an alternate approach was to use inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) to block the parsylation of TRF1 and TRF2, thereby enhancing the telomerase-inhibitory activity of the Shelterin complex. Our results show that combining GRN163L with the general PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) was sufficient to shorten telomeres and limit the lifespan of the GRN163L-L3.6 resistant cells. These experiments were then repeated in the parental L3.6 cells to determine if 3AB could be used to block the development of GRN163L-resistance. Whereas 3AB alone was not sufficient to induce crisis, 3AB did synergize with GRN163L to accelerate the timing of crisis and block the emergence of GRN163L resistant cells. These results raise the possibility that inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases could be exploited in the clinic to accelerate the effects of anti-telomerase therapies. Citation Format: Katrina M. Burchett, Michel M. Ouellette. Inhibitors of telomerase and of poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerases synergize to limit the lifespan of pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 704. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-704
Successful treatment of psoriasis improves psoriasis-specific but not more general aspects of patients' well-being
Authors: D.G. FORTUNE, H.L. RICHARDS, B. KIRBY, K. McELHONE, C.J. MAIN, C.E.M. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Psoriasis has a detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. However, there is a relative dearth of information on which aspects of a patient's well-being are affected by successful treatment.To investigate whether, and to what extent, improvement in the clinical severity of psoriasis induced by photochemotherapy with psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) translates into meaningful changes in beliefs about psoriasis, coping, stress, distress or disability.In a prospective study, 72 patients were assessed before PUVA therapy and again when they had achieved clearance of their psoriasis.Patients demonstrated significant reductions in psoriasis-related disability, psoriasis-related stress or daily hassles and in the frequency of psoriasis-related symptoms. By comparison, there were no significant differences in levels of anxiety, depression or worrying. Similarly, patients' perceptions about cure, potential chronicity, causes, consequences and coping also remained unchanged.These results suggest that while clearance of psoriasis produces a significant reduction in factors specific to psoriasis (disability and stress), it does not impact upon psychological distress, on patients' beliefs about psoriasis or on coping. This observation highlights the complex features of patients' psychological experience of psoriasis and may provide further impetus for integration of psychological interventions into standard care protocols.
665 A PHASE I/II STUDY OF FORETINIB, AN ORAL MULTIKINASE INHIBITOR TARGETING MET, RON, AXL, TIE-2 AND VEGFR IN ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: T. Yau, C.-J. Yen, P.-J. Chen, Y. Chau, R. Lencioni, H. Kallender, L.H. Ottesen, R.T.-P. Poon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE TO A HAPTEN
Authors: John M. Fidler, Edward S. Golub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Treatment of mice with a nonimmunogenic preparation of free reactive hapten, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), leads to the induction of a state of tolerance to the hapten, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP). This is determined by the lack of response to the haptenic moiety in an immunogenic hapten-carrier conjugate (TNP-SRBC) as assayed both by serum antibody titrations and the hemolytic plaque assay. The tolerance produced is specific for the hapten, since the anticarrier responses are essentially unaltered compared with the control values. The unresponsiveness induced by TNBS treatment is a dose-dependent phenomenon, becoming less complete at lower doses of TNBS. The tolerance is of a definite length, both in its induction phase and in the duration of the established unresponsive state. Tolerance can be maintained and extended, and may also be reentered once escape has been initiated.
Community care networks could help 200 000 more people die at home instead of hospital
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Developing support services in the community along the lines of Prime Minister David Cameron’s “big society” could help 200 000 more people a year die where they would prefer to—at their home—rather than in hospital, a new report says.

Currently 290 000 people die in hospital every year in Britain, although two thirds of them—some 190 000—would prefer to die at home, shows a poll of more than 2000 people carried out for Demos, the political think thank that compiled the report.

The report says that the main structures of the community care networks it proposes could cost as little as £500m (€590m; $800m), or 2.5% of what …
The biology of epithelial cell populations
Authors: D. Wingate
Journal: Gut (1985)

Propranolol disposition in cirrhosis SIR,-The study by Arthur et al (Gut 1985; 26: 14-19) calls attention to the potential dangers of the use of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis, because of the alteration of the drug's pharmacokinetics.After oral administration, the pharmacokinetics of propranolol conform to the venous equilibrium model of hepatic clearance;' its elimination is thus
Experiences with Conversion to Système International Units
Authors: Robert W. Christie, Thomas Marallo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In 1987 a family practitioner at the Upper Connecticut Valley Hospital in Colebrook, New Hampshire, asked us when our laboratory was going to convert to Système international (SI) units. We responded that conversion could be done quickly if the medical staff was behind the effort. After a brief discussion of some of the advantages and disadvantages of SI units, the medical staff voted unanimously to request the laboratory to change over to SI units as soon as possible. The laboratory director estimated that three or four months would be required to arrange the conversion, and a date was set for . . .
P3-17-05: Beyond HER2 and Hormonal Agents: The Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Ganetespib as a Potential New Breast Cancer Therapy.
Authors: JC Friedland, J Sang, S Modi, R Bradley, I El-Hariry, Y Wada, DA Proia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Ganetespib is a fully synthetic and selective inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone recognized as a key facilitator of breast cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Methods: Preclinical activity of ganetespib across the four major breast cancer subtypes and inflammatory breast cancer was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Modulation of cell proliferation and viability was determined both in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. HSP90 client protein expression and activity was monitored by Western blot and protein array. To recapitulate clinical dosing, kinetics of client protein destabilization were measured following short exposures to drug in vitro. Anticancer activity of ganetespib was further investigated in vivo using breast cancer xenografts. Results: Ganetespib displayed potent, low nanomolar activity in luminal (A and B), basal (A and B) and inflammatory breast cancer cell lines grown as monolayers in vitro. BT-474 (HER2 amplified) luminal cells grown as mammospheres in 3D were equally as sensitive to ganetespib as those grown in monolayer. In luminal cells, ganetespib simultaneously disrupted multiple signaling components including the estrogen and progesterone receptor, several receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as the MAPK pathway. Further, ganetespib effectively inhibited AKT, PDK1 and SGK3 activity in PIK3CA mutant cells suggesting that HSP90 is essential for both AKT-dependent and AKT-independent signaling. Clinically relevant exposure times to ganetespib in vitro resulted in potent, long term destabilization of HER2. In the basal-like breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, enriched in CD44+CD24- stem like cells that commonly display chemotherapeutic resistance and activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling, ganetespib (50 nM) induced significant degradation of JAK2 concordant with loss of both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT3, followed by cell death. The potent anticancer activity in vitro translated in vivo, where ganetespib was effective in modulating breast cancer xenograft growth as a single agent in both luminal and basal-like breast cancer models. Finally, ganetespib has demonstrated encouraging signs of clinical activity in breast cancer patients, including confirmed partial responses in both a triple negative breast cancer patient and a HER2 positive breast cancer patient. Conclusions: Ganetespib is a highly potent HSP90 inhibitor that displays preclinical activity in breast cancer due to its ability to simultaneously perturb multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-17-05.
Highly efficient ablation of metastatic breast cancer using ammonium-tungsten-bronze nanocube as a novel 1064 nm-laser-driven photothermal agent
Authors: Chongshen Guo, Haijun Yu, Bing Feng, Weidong Gao, Mei Yan, Zhiwen Zhang, Yaping Li, Shaoqin Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Optimal Technetium-99m RBC Labeling for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Study
Authors: AL LANDRY, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, STEPHEN R. BUNKER, JOHN M. BAUMAN, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, ROBERT D. KARL, WILLIAM H. HOWARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Four methods of Tc-99m red blood cell labeling were tested for labeling efficiency and kinetics in normal adults. From a perspective of the gastrointestinal hemorrhage study, the in vivo method was least appropriate because of extravascular loss of pertechnetate. The modified in vitro method was disadvantageous because of long labeling intervals in a syringe fixed to the patient's forearm (45 minutes). The pure in vitro methods produced the highest labeling efficiency (95% +) and are preferred by the authors.