tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct contact between sympathetic neurons and rat cardiac myocytes in vitro increases expression of functional calcium channels.
Authors: S Ogawa, J V Barnett, L Sen, J B Galper, T W Smith, J D Marsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To test the hypothesis that direct contact between sympathetic neurons and myocytes regulates expression and function of cardiac Ca channels, we prepared cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with and without sympathetic ganglia. Contractile properties of myocytes were assessed by an optical-video system. Contractility-pCa curves showed a 60% greater increase in contractility for innervated myocytes compared with control cells at 6.3 mM [Ca]0 (n = 8, P less than 0.05). Cells grown in medium conditioned by growth of ganglia and myocytes were indistinguishable physiologically from control cells. [Bay K 8644]-contractility curves revealed a 60 +/- 10% enhancement of the contractility response at 10(-6) M for innervated cells compared with control cells. The increased response to Bay K 8644 was not blocked by alpha- or beta-adrenergic antagonists. Moreover, increased efficacy of Bay K 8644 was maintained for at least 24 h after denervation produced by removal of ganglia from the culture. Dihydropyridine binding sites were assessed with the L channel-specific radioligand 3[H]PN200-110. PN200-110 binding sites were increased by innervation (51 +/- 5 to 108 +/- 20 fmol/mg protein, P less than 0.01), with no change in KD. Peak current-voltage curves were determined by whole-cell voltage clamp techniques for myocytes contacted by a neuron, control myocytes, and myocytes grown in conditioned medium. Current density of L-type Ca channels was significantly higher in innervated myocytes (10.5 +/- 0.4 pA/pF, n = 5) than in control myocytes (5.9 +/- 0.3 pA/pF, n = 8, P less than 0.01) or myocytes grown in conditioned medium (6.2 +/- 0.2 pA/pF, n = 10, P less than 0.01). Thus, physical contact between a sympathetic neuron and previously uninnervated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes increases expression of functional L-type calcium channels as judged by contractile responses to Ca0 and Bay K 8644, as well as by electrophysiological and radioligand binding properties.
Multisociety (AATS, ACCF, SCAI, and STS) Expert Consensus Statement: Operator and Institutional Requirements for Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement, Part 1: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Carl L. Tommaso, R. Morton Bolman, Ted Feldman, Joseph Bavaria, Michael A. Acker, Gabriel Aldea, Duke E. Cameron, Larry S. Dean, Dave Fullerton, Ziyad M. Hijazi, Eric Horlick, D. Craig Miller, Marc R. Moon, Richard Ringel, Carlos E. Ruiz, Alfredo Trento, Bonnie H. Weiner, Evan M. Zahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
GENETIC ASPECTS OF PREADOLESCENT SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: FRANZ J. KALLMANN, BERNARD ROTH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

The investigative data available at this time may be summarized as follows: 1. In comparing the family backgrounds of preadolescent schizophrenia case (52 twins and 50 singletons under age 15) with those of a comparable adult sample (691 twin index cases), no significant inter-group differences have been found either with respect to twin concordance rates or with respect to the schizophrenia rates for the parents (12.5% and 9.2%) and sibs (12.2%) and 14.3%) of the index cases. Fathers and mothers contribute equally to the parental schizophrenia rate, while two-egg and one-egg co-twins of schizophrenic index cases differ as much in concordance for preadolescent schizophrenia (17.1% and 70.6%) as they do with regard to adult schizophrenia (14.7% and 85.8%) . These findings indicate an early effect in childhood schizophrenia of the same genotype (gene-specific deficiency state) assumed to be responsible for the basic symptoms of adult schizophrenia. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the psychoses in the co-twins of early schizophrenia cases occur sometimes before and sometimes after adolescence. 2. While the etiological mechanism underlying the relatively infrequent activation of a schizophrenic psychosis before adolescence has not yet been adequately identified, it would seem to be connected with variable constellations of secondary factors lowering constitutional resistance. There appears to be an increase in the number of early schizophrenia cases among the co-twins and sibs of early index cases, and there is a definite excess of males over females in the preadolescent group. Theories attempting to explain either finding on non-biological grounds lack substantiation. 3. Because of a dearth of statistically comparable data, it is difficult to appraise the part played by a poor home with disturbed intrafamily relationships in the etiology of childhood schizophrenia as compared with that of adult schizophrenia. It is certain only that there is no simple correlation between inadequacy of the parental home and a preadolescent onset of schizophrenia, and that a late onset of the disease is not always associated with favorable home conditions in childhood. In the present study, 71.4% of the homes of all sibs and dizygotic co-twins, and 82% of the homes of co-twins and sibs diagnosed as schizoid or schizophrenic, have been broadly classified as inadequate. In evaluating this finding it is necessary to bear in mind, however, that of all the normal co-twins and sibs, nearly two-thirds (64.8%) have come from an inadequate home identified with the development of schizophrenic phenomena in the index case. 4. Since an adequate home cannot be expected either to preclude an early onset of schizophrenia in especially vulnerable childern or to be easily established in the presence of emotionally unstable parents, the need for systematic and intensified research into the genetic aspects of both preadolescent and adult forms of schizophrenia remains a major challenge to our discipline.
Nurturing and breast-feeding: exposure to chemicals in breast milk.
Authors: A Somogyi, H Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

All chemicals that are not normal constituents of human milk should be considered undesirable contaminants. In the present review, the following substances detected in human milk are considered: persistent organochlorine pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF); polybrominated compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); trace elements; mycotoxins; nitrate, nitrite, nitrosamines; nicotine, caffeine, ethanol; and drugs. The levels of most of these substances found in human milk were within a range that would not constitute health hazards for breast-fed infants. For many of these, there is a comfortable safety margin. This applies also to organochlorine pesticides and PCB, particularly since, as a result of their discontinued use, the levels of these compounds have clearly declined in recent years. On the other hand, the aflatoxin burden mediated through breast milk, at least in certain tropical countries, appears to pose a definite health hazard. Detailed reference are given on the contamination of human milk with PCDD/PCDF which has to be considered as a matter of concern from the viewpoint of preventive public health. Although the low PCDD/PCDF levels found in the adipose tissue of infants indicate that there is no appreciable health risk emanating from these substances for breast-fed infants, appropriate measures to reduce the current rate of their emission into the environment have to be taken.
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in longstanding lung cysts.
Authors: M G Prichard, P J Brown, G F Sterrett
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Two adults, both non-smokers, with large peripheral lung cysts, which were of long standing (12 and nine years), were found to have well differentiated mucus secreting adenocarcinomas with a bronchioloalveolar growth pattern associated with the cysts. Lobectomy is likely to have been curative in one of the cases and earlier surgery might have been so in the other. The fact that many of the reported carcinomas associated with lung cysts have developed at an early age, as well as some histological features, suggests that the association is not coincidental; and early surgery for lung cysts is therefore recommended.
The “Coming of Age” of Nonmammographic Screening for Breast Cancer
Authors: Christiane K. Kuhl
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The study by Berg and colleagues 1 published in this issue of JAMA addresses important clinical questions: What is the additional cancer diagnosis yield of screening ultrasound in women at increased risk of breast cancer, and what are the "costs" of such strategies in terms of false-positive diagnoses.The design of this American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) trial, from the multiinstitutional setting to source documentation and independent data analysis, is excellent from every aspect.This study and several other previously published trials 2- 4 demonstrate how important it is to have institutions like ACRIN sponsor and help organize prospective clinical trials that follow good clinical practice in the world of diagnostic imaging, which, unlike clinical research in the therapeutic sector, has to proceed without the financial support and scientific infrastructure usually provided by the pharmaceutical and medical device industries.The results of this study are impressive.Ultrasound was associated with a 55% increase in diagnosing breast cancer compared with mammography alone: a 7.6 per 1000 to 11.8 per 1000.The sensitivity with which breast cancer was detected was 77.5% (32 of 41) for the combined use of ultrasound and mammography vs 49% (20 of 41) for mammography alone.Given that mammography is the standard of care, one could argue that a main finding of this study is the apparently limited sensitivity of screening mammography.However, this finding is in keeping with recent results of several mammographic screening studies.Depending on the composition of the screening cohort, the sensitivity can be as low as 25% for BRCA1 mutation carriers, 5-10 but even in women at average risk, for instance in almost 50 000 women who participated in the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening trial, 2 the overall sensitivity of screening mammography was only 55%.
Torsion of the left ventricle during the ejection phase in the intact dog
Authors: T. ARTS, S. MEERBAUM, R. S RENEMAN, E. CORDAY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Torsion of the left ventricle (LV) is associated with rotation of the apex with respect to the base around the long axis of the LV. A mathematical model of LV mechanics, which relates torsion to transmural distribution of fibre shortening, was evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography in nine anaesthetised closed-chest dogs. Torsion was calculated as the difference between the angles of rotation (radians) of echo-derived transverse cross-section projections of the LV obtained at the mitral valve and low papillary level, divided by the axial distance between these projections measured in a long-axis cross-section, and multiplied by the outer radius in a mid-papillary transverse projection of the LV. A shortening to torsion ratio (STR) was defined as the ratio of inner wall shortening to torsion occurring during ejection. In a series of 11 measurements, each based on frame-to-frame analysis of 15 cardiac cycles, STR was found to be 2.31±0.23 rad−1 (mean±SD), whereas the mathematical model predicted a STR value of 2.4 rad−1 over a wide range of preload, afterload and contractility levels. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography validates the presence of torsion in the normal canine left ventricle, as predicted by the model of left ventricular mechanics.
IMPELLA 2.5 IS SAFE AND DRASTICALLY REDUCES PROCEDURE TIMES IN HIGH-RISK PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS WHEN COMPARED TO THE TANDEMHEART PTVA: SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Huy Trong Nguyen, Rucha Karajgikar, Dheeraj Kaplish, Samin K. Sharma, Annapoorna S. Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Effect of Recurrent Practice at Home on the Acceptability of Capillary Blood Glucose Readings: Accuracy of self blood glucose testing
Authors: Udaya M Kabadi, Kathleen M O'Connell, Jennal Johnson, Mary Kabadi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To judge how reliably patients perform capillary blood glucose testing over time with recurrent practice at home and to assess if a clinic glucose meter is an acceptable alternative to the clinical laboratory for monitoring patient performance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared capillary blood glucose readings obtained by patients with their own equipment and the venous blood glucose determinations by the clinical laboratory at three biweekly visits during the initial phase in 40 subjects attending the diabetes clinic at the Veterans' Affairs Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona. We also compared patient-generated readings using their own equipment and the readings obtained by the clinic glucose meter and strips at five weekly visits during the second phase in 11 subjects who continued further participation. Error grid analysis was used for both comparisons. Capillary blood glucose readings obtained with clinic glucose meter and strips on one hand were correlated with venous blood glucose levels determined by the clinical laboratory. RESULTS During the initial phase, 30 subjects consistently obtained clinically acceptable comparisons (zone A on the error grid, i.e., within 20% of the laboratory value) or improved over time, 9 subjects showed deterioration, and 1 subject failed to obtain zone A results on any of the visits. Three subjects who had consistently obtained zone A results during the initial phase maintained their performance, whereas eight subjects who had failed to achieve zone A values by the end of the initial phase gradually improved and ultimately achieved zone A values by the end of the study. A highly significant correlation was noted between clinic meter readings and laboratory values (r = 0.93, P &amp;lt; 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Clinically acceptable user proficiency in capillary blood glucose testing can be maintained in most subjects, with recurrent intensive education during follow-up clinic visits. Therefore, we recommend that these comparisons be performed and patient's technique be observed at each visit to monitor their performance. The clinic glucose meter is a suitable alternative to a clinical laboratory for user proficiency checks.
Why the Rise in Asthma? New Insight, Few Answers
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Low‐dose cytosine arabinoside for treating hypocellular acute leukemia in the elderly
Authors: Heiwa Kanamori, Atsuo Maruta, Hiroko Miyashita, Hiroshi Harano, Hitoshi Fukawa, Michio Matsuzaki, Shigeki Motomura, Hiroshi Mohri, Fumio Kodama, Takao Okubo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Ten previously untreated elderly patients with hypocellular acute leukemia received a low dose of cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C), 10 mg/m 2 injected subcutaneously every 12 hours for 14‐28 days. Six patients achieved a complete remission (CR) for periods ranging for 6‐23 months (median 8.5 months) and the others had a partial remission (PR). Relapse has occurred in three patients to date. The median survival ranged from 10‐24 months (median 14.5 months). Only two of the six patients, in whom bone marrow biopsy was performed at CR, had a normal cellularity. This change, however, did not appear to be a significant prognostic factor in those patients. In seven patients who achieved a CR or PR low‐dose Ara‐C was administrated as maintenance therapy at the same low dose for 10 days each month. Treatment was well tolerated in all patients despite for myelosuppression. There were no drug‐related deaths. These observations suggest that low‐dose Ara‐C is effective in treating elderly patients with hypocellular acute leukemia.
Health claims for functional foods
Authors: M. B Katan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Regulations vary between countries and often permit vague claims 

Functional foods are foods that claim to improve wellbeing or health.1 The health claim may be implicit (“rich in vitamin C”), or vague (“strengthens the body's defence system”), but invariably the product is presented with the suggestion of a benefit. Sales of such products are huge and growing. What ingredients do such foods contain—and who safeguards the truth of claims?

Many functional foods contain added vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. Some of these added nutrients indeed promote health: folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects, table salt with potassium reduces blood pressure, and polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce the risk of heart disease. But other claims are more dubious—for example, that zinc lozenges protect against colds or that drinks rich in vitamin C protect against cardiovascular disease.

Functional foods may also contain non-nutritive ingredients. Examples of effective non-nutritive ingredients are sugar alcohols in chewing gum, which reduce risk of dental caries; plant stanols and sterols, which lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (although effects on heart disease remain to …
The cytoskeletal linking proteins, moesin and radixin, are upregulated by platelet-derived growth factor, but not basic fibroblast growth factor in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Authors: C Hugo, C Hugo, R Pichler, K Gordon, R Schmidt, M Amieva, W G Couser, H Furthmayr, R J Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The expression of the two cytoskeletal linking proteins, moesin and radixin, was examined in experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis in rats (anti-Thy1 model). Moesin and radixin mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed in all cell types of normal rat glomeruli, except podocytes. In the anti-Thy1 model the expression of moesin and radixin was increased in infiltrating macrophages and in activated, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive mesangial cells and was concentrated in the cellular extensions of mesangial cells in areas of glomerular remodelling. Studies using neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that the increase in moesin and radixin expression by mesangial cells is mediated by PDGF, but not bFGF. The increase in these cytoskeletal proteins appears to be regulated primarily (radixin) or partially (moesin) posttranscriptionally. The data suggest that PDGF mediated upregulation of the cytoskeletal proteins, moesin and radixin, is important for cell migration and other changes that accompany the coordinated restoration of glomerular architecture after injury.
Extension of Family Planning Service in General Practice
Authors: M. E. Brennan, L. J. Opit
Journal: BMJ (1974)

All general practitioners on the list of a single executive council were contacted and 91% were interviewed. They were asked about the type of family planning service currently provided and their willingness to extend the service. Only 3% said that they were not providing any service at the time of interview, but only 4% stated that they provided a complete range of techniques to all patients; almost two thirds of practitioners only provided advice and the “pill”. Lack of training in family planning techniques emerged as the most important factor in determining the type of service provided. At the time of interview 64% of doctors stated that they would like further training, and 35% of all doctors asked for a full course of clinical training. Many general practitioners (81%) were willing to extend their family planning services but 65% wanted financial reimbursement and 50% needed additional administrative support as prerequisites.
Doctors urge caution in interpretation of league tables
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors' organisations have urged caution in interpreting the tables published every day this week by the Times newspaper, comparing the performance of hospitals in treating patients with certain life threatening conditions.

Both the BMA and the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons expressed support for the principle of publishing accurate information but urged caution in its interpretation.

The Hospital Consultants Guide provided an analysis of the hospital death rates for patients who had had heart bypass surgery or who had been treated for stroke or broken hips. It also listed hospital consultants who worked in five key specialties—heart surgery, heart disease, neurology, orthopaedics, and general surgery—giving their qualifications, waiting times, and private work addresses.

The data were compiled by Dr Foster, an independent healthcare information company that works with Brian Jarman, emeritus professor of primary health care, at Imperial College, …
Genetic heterogeneity in partial adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Authors: R Hirschhorn, F Martiniuk, V Roegner-Maniscalco, A Ellenbogen, J L Perignon, T Jenkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Inherited deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in a syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Children with ADA- -SCID lack ADA in all cells and tissues. In contrast, a "partial" deficiency of ADA has been described in six immunologically normal children from four different "families." These children lack ADA in their erythrocytes but retain variable amounts of activity in their lymphoid cells. We have examined ADA activity in lymphoid line cells from four of these children, who are unrelated, for evidence of genetic heterogeneity. One child, who is Caucasian, has an enzyme with increased electrophoretic mobility, a diminished isoelectric point (pI 4.8 vs. Nl = 4.9) and very low activity (2.3 vs. Nl = 82.9 +/- 12.9 nmol/mg protein per min); as a second child has an enzyme with normal electrophoretic mobility but increased isoelectric point (pI = 5.0), markedly diminished heat stability at 56 degrees C (t1/2 = 4.2' vs. Nl = 40') and low activity (12.1); a third has an enzyme with only diminished heat stability (t1/2 = 6.5'), no detectable abnormality in charge and almost normal activity (41.9); while the fourth exhibits only diminished ADA activity (25.0) with no striking qualitative abnormalities. Thus, we have found evidence for three different mutations at the structural locus for ADA in three of these individuals, (a) an acidic, low activity heat stable mutation (b) a basic, somewhat higher activity, heat labile mutation, and (c) a relatively normal activity heat labile mutation. In the fourth, there is as yet no compelling evidence for a mutation at the structural locus for ADA and a mutation at a regulatory locus cannot be excluded.
Losartan improves resistance artery lesions and prevents CTGF and TGF-β production in mild hypertensive patients
Authors: D. Gómez-Garre, J.L. Martín-Ventura, R. Granados, T. Sancho, R. Torres, M. Ruano, J. García-Puig, J. Egido
Journal: Kidney International (2006)