tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> Values
Authors: Meera Jain, Anthony McCall, Matthew Riddle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters18 April 2000Standardization of Hemoglobin A1c ValuesMeera Jain, MD, Anthony McCall, MD, PhD, and Matthew Riddle, MDMeera Jain, MDProvidence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR 97213 (Jain)Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97201 (McCall)Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201 (Riddle)Search for more papers by this author, Anthony McCall, MD, PhDProvidence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR 97213 (Jain)Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97201 (McCall)Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201 (Riddle)Search for more papers by this author, and Matthew Riddle, MDProvidence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR 97213 (Jain)Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97201 (McCall)Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201 (Riddle)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent Update in General Internal Medicine (1) summarizes the results of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), confirming the benefit of glycemic control in limiting microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the authors state that the median hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values during 10 years of treatment in the intensive and conventional treatment groups in the UKPDS (7.0% and 7.9%, respectively) correspond to 8.0% and 8.9% derived by “U.S. methods.” We think that this adjustment of the HbA1c is incorrect.The UKPDS investigators report that their assay has a normal range of 4.5% ...References1. Altkorn D, Roach K, Stern S, Levinson W. Update in general internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:199-206. LinkGoogle Scholar2. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(Suppl 1):S32-S41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR 97213 (Jain)Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97201 (McCall)Oregon Health Sciences University; Portland, OR 97201 (Riddle) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in General Internal Medicine Diane Altkorn , Keith Roach , Scott Stern , and Wendy Levinson Metrics 18 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 8Page: 676KeywordsHbA1cHemoglobinProspective studiesResearch laboratoriesType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 18 April 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Pooled Analysis of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Colon Cancer in Elderly Patients
Authors: Daniel J. Sargent, Richard M. Goldberg, Stacy D. Jacobson, John S. Macdonald, Roberto Labianca, Daniel G. Haller, Lois E. Shepherd, Jean François Seitz, Guido Francini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Adjuvant chemotherapy is standard treatment for patients with resected colon cancer who are at high risk for recurrence, but the efficacy and toxicity of such treatment in patients more than 70 years of age are controversial.
SCLEROSING OBSTRUCTIVE PERITONITIS AFTER CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Authors: J.A. Bradley, D.L. Mcwhinnie, D.N.H. Hamilton, F. Starnes, S.G. Macpherson, M. Seywright, J.D. Briggs, B.J. Junor
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUSES AS OBSERVED IN THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Councilman Morgan, Konrad C. Hsu, Harry M. Rose
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Chicken embryos were infected by the chorioallantoic route with influenza virus, PR8 strain, in the form of undiluted chorioallantoic fluid. Electron microscopic examination 24 hours after infection revealed that membrane-bound fragments of cytoplasm appeared to be in process of release from entodermal cells of the chorioallantois. The number of such fragments was greatly increased in proportion to the number of typical viral particles after the third serial passage, which was accompanied by a reduction of the infectivity-hemagglutinin ratio (von Magnus effect). The lack of recognizable internal components, together with the presence of surface structure which closely resembled that of the virus and frequently contained viral antigen, suggested that many of these fragments were incomplete viral particles. It is proposed that concentrated inocula damage the cells and interfere with differentiation of the virus, but do not inhibit formation and detachment of cytoplasmic processes. Under these circumstances the accumulation of viral antigen at the surface of the cell will result in the predominant formation of incomplete virus.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, WALID S. OMAR, MOHAMED AZIZ, VINCENT LABOMBARDI, LARRY DIFABRIZIO, JEFFREY S. KEMPF, JOHN GILLOOLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A retrospective analysis of the files and Ga-67 scan findings of 32 AIDS patients with established diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was conducted in order to determine the sensitivity of Ga-67 scans for the diagnosis of this disease and the sites of MAC organ involvement. Fourteen of the 32 patients had early and delayed TI-201 scans that were also reviewed. Autopsy findings of AIDS patients in the 5 years (January 1990 to December 1994) were reviewed to determine the incidence and sites of involvement of disseminated MAC in AIDS autopsies. Chest x-ray was positive in only 41% of patients. Ga-67 scans were positive in 84% with multi-lymph node sites of involvement in 78% (hilar lymph nodes in 37.5%, supraclavicular 28.1% [all were on the left side], para-aortic 31.2%, paratracheal 18.2%, mediastinal nodes 6.2%, and axillary 3.1%), lung parenchymal in 18.7% and pleural in 9.3%). Increased uptake in the spleen in 16%, colitis 53.1% and enteritis 18.7%. Kaposi sarcoma in 9.3% and malignant lymphoma in 3.1%. TI-201 scans were only positive in 6 of 14 patients (42.8%). The autopsy data found the incidence of disseminated MAC in 23.7% (54 patients) out of a total of 228 autopsies. Approximately half of these cases (52%) were diagnosed antemortem. Other opportunistic infections were identified in 74%. The most common sites of MAC involvement were lymph nodes (74%), spleen (74%), liver (52%), lungs (22%), colon (13%), small bowel (11%), and bone marrow (9%). Associated Kaposi sarcoma was detected in 22% and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 13%. Problems in antemortem diagnosis were due to nonspecific presentations, involvement of intrathoracic and extrathoracic lymph nodes, liver, spleen and colon; and the higher incidence of opportunistic infections and negative chest x-ray in the majority of the patients.
Isolation, culture and main characteristics of mouse fat-storing cells: Interaction with viruses
Authors: Wan Chen, Jean-Louis Gendrault, Anne-Marie Steffan, Eric Jeandidier, André Kirn
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Fat-storing cells were isolated from 15-day-old mouse sinusoidal cell cultures (Kupffer or endothelial cells), where they had multiplied abundantly; they were then purified by a negative selection method based on the fact that they do not possess Fc receptors, as do both other types of cells. The fat-storing cells, which could be subcultured for at least 10 passages, have the main morphological characteristics already described in vivo , in particular, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the lipid droplets, which become less and less apparent as the number of passages increases. Subcultured fat-storing cells, almost devoid of lipid droplets and vitamin A, were able to take up retinol, as the appearance of a typical autofluorescence indicated; the number of lipid droplets increased concomitantly. Furthermore, the cultured fat-storing cells were able to internalize one-μm-sized latex beads by phagocytosis. Infection of fat-storing cells with mouse hepatitis virus 3, ectromelia or Sindbis virus led to multiplication of the virus particles. There was a direct relation between the multiplication of mouse hepatitis virus 3 in cultured fat-storing cells and the susceptibility of the animals to the virus. In the case of Sindbis virus, interferon is produced, its production being independent of the presence of vitamin A.
Abstract 4771: Improved antitumor efficacy of an acid-sensitive doxorubicin derivative delivered by thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptides
Authors: Leslie R. Walker, Felix Kratz, Drazen Raucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Doxorubicin is a widely used anticancer drug used in the treatment of various cancers. It acts as an intercalator of DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II thus preventing cell replication. Its side effects include nausea, myelosuppression, alopecia, and dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Dox is nonspecific, and high doses are needed to treat cancer cells. These high doses, however, are also harmful to normal cells. Because of this toxicity to normal cells, there is a great need for a delivery system that will target dox to the tumor site. In our research, we have developed a tumor targeted drug delivery system comprising the elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) which is a thermally responsive macromolecule that remains soluble in physiologic temperature but aggregates upon heating at 42 °C in the tumor. The N-terminus of ELP was modified with the cell-penetrating peptide SynB1. The SynB1-ELP construct was further modified by the addition of an acid-sensitive hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO), by conjugation with a 6-maleimidocaproyl moiety on the drug to a terminal cysteine residue on ELP. SynB1-ELP-DOXO was found to have a thermal transition temperature of 41 °C. This construct was 2-fold more effective in inhibiting MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation at 42 °C than at 37 °C, indicating that the hyperthermia-induced phase transition of ELP increases the local concentration of the drug. This inhibition may be due to apoptosis since apoptosis was enhanced 2.3-fold in MCF-7 cells when SynB1-ELP-DOXO aggregation was induced by hyperthermia. SynB1-ELP-DOXO had a similar accumulation inside the cell as free Dox as shown by confocal fluorescence imaging, and the uptake into the cell was increased by hyperthermia. In the in vivo studies, a marked reduction in tumor size was seen with SynB1-ELP-DOXO exposed to hyperthermia in the E0771 syngeneic breast cancer model in C57BL/6 mice. The efficacy of the construct was further proved by the animal's body weight increasing over time as compared to treatment with free Dox and a decreasing body weight. An ongoing study uses the combination of free Dox and SynB1-ELP-DOXO at lower doses to reduce tumor size. The ELP macromolecule can also be applied to other small molecule therapeutics opening a potential platform technology for this thermally responsive biopolymer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4771. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4771
Renoprotective effect of chronic adrenomedullin infusion in Dahl salt-sensitive rats
Authors: Toshio Nishikimi, Naihiko Kobayashi, Yosuke Mori, Kazuyoshi Tadokoro, Xing Wang, Kazumi Akimoto, Kenji Kangawa, Hiroaki Matsuoka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Opiate Dependency Among the Subscribers of a New York Area Private Insurance Plan
Authors: Jon Eisenhandler
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To estimate the prevalence of opiate use among the subscribers of a large private insurance plan, Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield (EBCBS).Six and a half million hospital inpatient claims for the period January 1, 1982, through June 30, 1992, were reviewed. Thirty-one thousand eight hundred ten different individuals who had a total of 55,143 hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of opiate dependency (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification 304.0 and 304.7) were identified. In the same period, 17,493 EBCBS subscribers (15,191 male and 2302 female) were identified from hospital admissions data as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These data were cross-matched with the opiate dependency data to estimate the "capture" of opiate users in the EBCBS subscribers with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to model the size of the opiate using population in EBCBS.It is estimated that between 1982 and 1992 EBCBS insured approximately 141,000 opiate users, 85,000 of whom are currently insured by EBCBS.There is a large population of insured opiate users who may be excluded from the estimates of the overall number of opiate users as insured opiate users are less likely to be counted via contact with government agencies. This suggests that current estimates of the number of opiate users and their social characteristics should be reconsidered.
Shigella Infection and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: DAVID SCHLOSSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 July 1975Shigella Infection and Antibiotic ResistanceDAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D., JOHN E. MCGOWAN JR., M.D.DAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN E. MCGOWAN JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-120_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In this journal, in 1967, Dr. W. Edmund Farrar, Jr. (1) reported the demonstration of transferable resistance to multiple antibiotics in association with an outbreak of shigellosis here in Atlanta. At that time, he suggested that continued widespread ampicillin use might result in increased prevalence of shigella organisms resistant to this antibiotic. As the cytoplasmic DNA particle (R factor) mechanism is capable of transferring resistance to a number of agents at one time, he also suggested that many strains of ampicillin-resistantShigellamight become resistant to other antibiotics as well. Subsequently, a study of Shigella strains isolated...References1. FARRARDEKLE WL: Transferable antibiotic resistance associated with an outbreak of shigellosis. Ann Intern Med 67:1208-1215, 1967 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FARRAREIDSON WM: Antibiotic resistance in Shigella mediated by R factors. J Infect Dis 123:477-483, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ROSSCONTRONIKAHN SGW: Resistance of shigellae to ampicillin and other antibiotics—its clinical and epidemiologic implications. JAMA 221:45-47, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WEISSMANGANGAROSADUPONT JEH: Changing needs in the antimicrobial therapy of shigellosis. J Infect Dis 127:611-613, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GORDONTHOMPSONCARLSON RTW: Antimicrobial resistance of shigellae isolated in Michigan. JAMA 231:1159-1161, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D.; JOHN E. MCGOWANJR., M.D.Affiliations: Grady Memorial Hospital Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShigellosisShigellosis 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 120-121KeywordsAntibiotic resistanceAntibioticsDNAShigellaShigellosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect sizes and meta-analysis indicate no sex dimorphism in the human or rodent corpus callosum
Authors: Douglas Wahlsten, Katherine M. Bishop
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Sex dimorphism occurs when group means differ by four or more standard deviations. However, the average size of the corpus callosum is greater in males by about one standard deviation in rats, 0.2 standard deviation in humans, and virtually zero in mice. Furthermore, variations in corpus callosum size are related to brain size and are not sex specific.
Sepsis as a cause and consequence of acute kidney injury: Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease
Authors: Ravindra L. Mehta, Josée Bouchard, Sharon B. Soroko, T. Alp Ikizler, Emil P. Paganini, Glenn M. Chertow, Jonathan Himmelfarb
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Sepsis commonly contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the frequency with which sepsis develops as a complication of AKI and the clinical consequences of this sepsis are unknown. This study examined the incidence of, and outcomes associated with, sepsis developing after AKI. We analyzed data from 618 critically ill patients enrolled in a multicenter observational study of AKI (PICARD). Patients were stratified according to their sepsis status and timing of incident sepsis relative to AKI diagnosis. We determined the associations among sepsis, clinical characteristics, provision of dialysis, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS), comparing outcomes among patients according to their sepsis status. Among the 611 patients with data on sepsis status, 174 (28%) had sepsis before AKI, 194 (32%) remained sepsis-free, and 243 (40%) developed sepsis a median of 5 days after AKI. Mortality rates for patients with sepsis developing after AKI were higher than in sepsis-free patients (44 vs. 21%; p < 0.0001) and similar to patients with sepsis preceding AKI (48 vs. 44%; p = 0.41). Compared with sepsis-free patients, those with sepsis developing after AKI were also more likely to be dialyzed (70 vs. 50%; p < 0.001) and had longer LOS (37 vs. 27 days; p < 0.001). Oliguria, higher fluid accumulation and severity of illness scores, non-surgical procedures after AKI, and provision of dialysis were predictors of sepsis after AKI. Sepsis frequently develops after AKI and portends a poor prognosis, with high mortality rates and relatively long LOS. Future studies should evaluate techniques to monitor for and manage this complication to improve overall prognosis.
Alpha 2-antiplasmin supplementation inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-induced fibrinogenolysis and bleeding with little effect on thrombolysis.
Authors: J I Weitz, B Leslie, J Hirsh, P Klement
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) causes fibrinogen proteolysis when alpha 2-antiplasmin levels fall, and this may contribute to t-PA-induced hemorrhage. Because clot-bound plasmin is protected from alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibition, we tested the possibility that alpha 2-antiplasmin supplementation would block t-PA-induced fibrinogenolysis and bleeding without affecting thrombolysis. When added to human or rabbit plasma, alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibits t-PA-induced fibrinogenolysis, but hat little effect on the lysis of 125I-fibrin clots. To examine its effect in vivo, rabbits with preformed 125I-labeled-jugular vein thrombi were randomized to receive t-PA, t-PA and alpha 2-antiplasmin, or saline. alpha 2-Antiplasmin infusion produced a modest decrease in t-PA-induced thrombolysis (from 40.2% to 30.1%, P = 0.12), but reduced fibrinogen consumption from 87% to 27% (P = 0.0001), and decreased blood loss from standardized ear incisions from 5,594 to 656 microliter (P < 0.0001). We hypothesize that alpha 2-antiplasmin limits t-PA-induced hemorrhage by inhibiting fibrinogenolysis and subsequent fragment X formation because (a) SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis indicate less fragment X formation in alpha 2-antiplasmin treated animals, and (b) when added to a solution of fibrinogen and plasminogen clotted with thrombin in the presence of t-PA, fragment X shortens the lysis time in a concentration-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that fragment X incorporation into hemostatic plugs contributes to t-PA-induced bleeding. By blocking t-PA-mediated fibrinogenolysis, alpha 2-antiplasmin supplementation may improve the safety of fibrin-specific plasminogen activators.
The Identification of Associations Between the Expression of TGF Beta 1 and the Level of Asthma Control in the Polish Asthma Population - Pilot Study
Authors: Michal Gabriel Panek, Tadeusz Pietras, Artur Fabijan, Lukasz Wieteska, Michal Chojnacki, Pawel Górski, Janusz Szemraj, Piotr Kuna
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Albumin Adducts of Electrophilic Benzene Metabolites in Benzene-Exposed and Control Workers
Authors: Yu-Sheng Lin, Roel Vermeulen, Chin H. Tsai, Suramya Waidyanatha, Qing Lan, Nathaniel Rothman, Martyn T. Smith, Luoping Zhang, Min Shen, Guilan Li, Songnian Yin, Sungkyoon Kim, Stephen M. Rappaport
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Metabolism of benzene produces reactive electrophiles, including benzene oxide (BO), 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), and 1,2-benzoquinone (1,2-BQ), that are capable of reacting with blood proteins to produce adducts.The main purpose of this study was to characterize relationships between levels of albumin adducts of these electrophiles in blood and the corresponding benzene exposures in benzene-exposed and control workers, after adjusting for important covariates. Because second blood samples were obtained from a subset of exposed workers, we also desired to estimate within-person and between-person variance components for the three adducts.We measured albumin adducts and benzene exposures in 250 benzene-exposed workers (exposure range, 0.26-54.5 ppm) and 140 control workers (exposure range < 0.01-0.53 ppm) from Tianjin, China. Separate multiple linear regression models were fitted to the logged adduct levels for workers exposed to benzene < 1 ppm and > or =1 ppm. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate within-person and between-person variance components of adduct levels.We observed nonlinear (hockey-stick shaped) exposure-adduct relationships in log-scale, with inflection points between about 0.5 and 5 ppm. These inflection points represent air concentrations at which benzene contributed marginally to background adducts derived from smoking and from dietary and endogenous sources. Adduct levels were significantly affected by the blood-collection medium (serum or plasma containing either heparin or EDTA), smoking, age, and body mass index. When model predictions of adduct levels were plotted versus benzene exposure > or =1 ppm, we observed marked downward concavity, particularly for adducts of the benzoquinones. The between-person variance component of adduct levels increased in the order 1,2-BQ < 1,4-BQ < BO, whereas the within-person variance components of the three adducts followed the reverse order.Although albumin adducts of BO and the benzoquinones reflect exposures to benzene > or = 1 ppm, they would not be useful biomarkers of exposure at ambient levels of benzene, which tend to be < 0.01 ppm, or in those working populations where exposures are consistently < 1 ppm. The concavity of exposure-adduct relationships is consistent with saturable metabolism of benzene at air concentrations > 1 ppm. The surprisingly large effect of the blood-collection medium on adduct levels, particularly those of the benzoquinones, should be further investigated.