tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rescue of Impaired NK Cell Activity in Hodgkin Lymphoma With Bispecific Antibodies In Vitro and in Patients
Authors: Katrin S. Reiners, Jörg Kessler, Maike Sauer, Achim Rothe, Hinrich P. Hansen, Uwe Reusch, Christian Hucke, Ulrike Köhl, Horst Dürkop, Andreas Engert, Elke Pogge von Strandmann
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key component of the innate immune system against cancer. Nevertheless, malignant diseases arise in immunocompetent individuals despite tumor immunosurveillance. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by CD30(+) tumor cells and a massive infiltration of immune effector cells in affected lymph nodes. The latter obviously fail to eliminate the malignant cell population. Here, we tested for functional NK cell defects in HL and suggest an improvement of NK function by therapeutic means. We demonstrate that peripheral NK cells (pNK) from patients with HL fail to eliminate HL cell lines in ex vivo killing assays. Impaired NK cell function correlated with elevated serum levels of soluble ligands for NK cell receptors NKp30 (BAG6/BAT3) and NKG2D (MICA), factors known to constrict NK cell function. In vitro, NK cell cytotoxicity could be restored by an NKG2D/NKp30-independent bispecific antibody construct (CD30xCD16A). It artificially links the tumor receptor CD30 with the cytotoxicity NK cell receptor CD16A. Moreover, we observed that NK cells from patients treated with this construct were generally activated and displayed a restored cytotoxicity against HL target cells. These data suggest that reversible suppression of NK cell activity contributes to immune evasion in HL and can be antagonized therapeutically.
Research is needed to determine how to integrate complementary medicine into the NHS
Authors: E Ernst, N C Armstrong, A R White, M H Pittler
Journal: BMJ (1998)

E>DITOR—Recently there has been much interest in integrating complementary medicine into the NHS. In May the Foundation for Integrated Medicine hosted a conference on integrated health care. Although much debate took place, no definite criteria for integration emerged from the discussions.

To determine which criteria might be useful we questioned healthcare professionals and unit managers from a wide …
Participants in research: Patients in clinical trials are protected by consumer regulation
Authors: Desmond R Laurence
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures Vitamin K supplementation has powerful effectEditor-Porthouse et al conducted a good randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) for prevention of fractures in primary care. 1 However, vitamin D and calcium are not enough.No mention was made of the extensive research from Japan and the Netherlands, which shows that vitamin K supplementation has a powerful effect in decreasing osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures.Combining vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium seems ideal.Researchers from Osaka Medical College showed that vitamin K and vitamin D together increased bone density much better than vitamin K alone. 2hen comparing calcium and vitamin D alone with placebo, researchers at the University of Maastricht found little benefit on bone loss.But those randomised to take vitamin K in addition to calcium and vitamin D had significantly less femoral neck bone loss after three years. 3he Yamaguchi osteoporosis prevention study showed that vitamin K alone reduced vertebral fractures by 56% compared to placebo, comparable to the benefit found from etidronate. 4 Researchers at Hirosaki University in Japan showed that vitamin K lowered bone fractures in elderly female patients with Parkinson's by 90%. 5 The same research team showed an 86% decrease in fractures in elderly patients with Alzheimer's treated with a combination of vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium compared with placebo.w1 If the medical standard became to first use vitamins D and K with calcium before using bisphosphonates or selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the public would save billions of dollars a year.
P758Cinaciguat prevents diabetes mellitus related cardiac alterations in rats
Authors: C Matyas, A Olah, BT Nemeth, L Hidi, E Birtalan, M Ruppert, G Kokeny, G Szabo, B Merkely, T Radovits
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severely impaired nitric oxide (NO) signallig which leads to development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), generated by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), plays crucial role in DM related cardiovascular alterations. Improvement of NO - cGMP signalling have been reported to have cytoprotective effects. We investigated the effects of chronic activation of sGC by cinaciguat in diabetic cardiomyopathy in a rat model of type 1 DM.
Intravenous infusion of tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol emulsion into rabbits. Effects on leukotriene B4/5 production and fatty acid composition of plasma and leukocytes.
Authors: N Nakamura, T Hamazaki, K Yamazaki, H Taki, M Kobayashi, K Yazawa, F Ibuki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Leukotriene (LT) B4 is a major chemical activator of PMN. Inhibitory effects of oral administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LTB4 synthesis by PMN are known. We intravenously infused tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol (DHA-TG) emulsion into rabbits in three different doses, namely 0.8, 0.4, or 0.2 g DHA/kg, and investigated the changes in LTB4/5 production by ionophore-activated PMN. The averaged LTB4 production by PMN was significantly reduced to 57 and 59% of baseline at 6 h after the infusion of 0.8 and 0.4 g DHA/kg, respectively (P < 0.05), but not after the infusion of 0.2 g DHA/kg or 0.8 g soybean oil/kg. The combined concentrations of both DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in the PMN phospholipid fraction were significantly increased at 6 h after the infusion of 0.8 or 0.4 g DHA/kg but not after the infusion of 0.2 g DHA/kg or 0.8 g soybean oil/kg. Oral administration of 0.8 g DHA/kg did not increase DHA or eicosapentaenoic acid in the PMN phospholipid fraction and did not decrease LTB4 production by PMN at 6 h after administration. We suggest that the infusion of 0.4-0.8 g DHA/kg might be beneficial to patients who suffer from diseases that are related to the acute elevation of LTB4 production.
PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN AFRICA: EFFECTIVENESS OF CONDOM PROMOTION AND HEALTH EDUCATION AMONG PROSTITUTES
Authors: E.N. Ngugi, J.N. Simonsen, M. Bosire, A.R. Ronald, F.A. Plummer, D.W. Cameron, P. Waiyaki, J.O. Ndinya-Achola
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
EFFECT OF LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ON DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND CHRONIC STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Hiroki Oe, Hiroshi Ito, Norihisa Toh, Katsuomi Iwakura, Katsuhisa Ishii, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Kenei Shimada, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Referrals for suspected hematologic malignancy: A survey of primary care physicians
Authors: Gregory A. Abel, Christopher R. Friese, Bridget A. Neville, Katherine M. Wilson, B. Taylor Hastings, Craig C. Earle, Nancy L. Keating, Lisa C. Richardson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Little is known about referrals from primary care providers (PCPs) for suspected hematologic malignancies, including their clinical triggers and frequency. A random sample of 190 Massachusetts PCPs were presented with a vignette concerning a patient with a new finding of moderate anemia, asked how they would respond, and then asked what they would do if the patient returned with persistent anemia plus one additional sign or symptom. We also asked about referral behaviors for suspected hematologic malignancies during the prior year. A total of 134 (70.5%) PCPs responded. At first anemia presentation,only 3.8% reported referring to hematology. The development of a second sign or symptom yielded higher referral rates: pancytopenia 588.7%, leukopenia 5 63.9%, thrombocytopenia 5 63.9%, lymphadenopathy 5 42.9%, leukocytosis 5 37.6%, night sweats 5 25.6%, and weight loss 5 23.3%. The median yearly number (interquartile range) of patients PCPs reported suspecting of having hematologic malignancy was 5 (3, 10), and the median formally referred was 5 (3, 10). We conclude that anemia plus signs and symptoms suggestive of myelodysplasia or leukemia (compared with those suggestive of lymphoma) are more likely to prompt hematology referral. In addition, given their rarity,the numbe
Intron Presence-Absence Polymorphisms in Daphnia
Authors: A. R. Omilian, D. G. Scofield, M. Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Here, we report 2 novel intron gains segregating in populations of Daphnia pulex endemic to Oregon. These novel introns do not have an obvious source and are not present in any D. pulex populations outside Oregon, other species of Daphnia that we examined, or any other organism for which sequence data are available. Furthermore, the novel introns are both found in the same gene, a Rab GTPase (rab4), and they appear to differ in their insertion site by one base pair, providing some support to the proto-splice site hypothesis. The rarity of intron-gain polymorphisms is questioned as we discovered 2 events in an initial survey of only 6 nuclear loci in 36 Daphnia individuals. Neutrality tests failed to ascertain a clear selective effect for either intron insertion, and a significant difference in recombination rate was not observed in alleles that contain the novel intron insertion versus alleles lacking it. We conclude that one novel intron insertion segregating at high frequencies in Daphnia populations in Oregon is unlikely to be adaptive and may result from the reduced efficacy of selection in isolated populations of small effective size.
Trait vs Disease
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Prior to 1966, I studied many patients having a history of frequent and often severe spontaneous epistaxes, easy bruising, and complete normal laboratory findings except for a prolonged bleeding time. For such cases I made what then seemed the most logical diagnosis, von Willebrand disease. After I<sup>1</sup>discovered in 1966 that aspirin increased the bleeding time in presumably normal subjects and increased the bleeding tendency in certain patients with established hemostatic defects, I<sup>1,2</sup>developed the aspirin tolerance test, which enabled me to recognize individuals who had this sensitivity to aspirin. This sensitivity may be regarded as a hereditary trait that is clinically silent and nondetectable without the provocative agent, which is aspirin. This state is not von Willebrand disease, but a manifestation of the aspirin intolerance trait. Nevertheless, when the term "von Willebrand disease" gets into the patients' medical records, they are apt to pay
Evidence for cell division in synoviocytes in acutely inflamed rabbit joints.
Authors: B Henderson, L E Glynn, L Bitensky, J Chayen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

DNA synthesis has been measured both by Feulgen cytophotometry, quantified by the DNA synthesis index, and by tritiated thymidine autoradiography, quantified by the labelling index. In the early acute inflammation resulting from the intra-articular challenge of ovalbumin in sensitised rabbits both indices rose considerably, so that at least 1 in 10 synoviocytes was heavily labelled 3 days after challenge. The results are compatible with the concept that even such apparently differentiated synoviocytes are capable of cell division.
Abstract 53: Exploiting heterogeneity to develop better treatment strategies using an evolutionary multiscale mathematical model of tumor-vessel interactions
Authors: Mark Robertson-Tessi, Veronica C. Estrella, Tingan Chen, Mark C. Lloyd, Robert J. Gillies, Robert A. Gatenby, Alexander R A Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor heterogeneity in cancer is an observed fact, both genetically and phenotypically. Cell-cell variation is seen in almost all aspects of cancer from early development all the way through to invasion and subsequent metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is also very heterogeneous and dynamic with multiple zones of hypoxia, normoxia, acidosis and necrosis. Central to our understanding of this heterogeneity is how the tumor cells interact with each other and with their microenvironment. Since the microenvironment is modulated by the tumor itself, as well as the surrounding stroma and the vasculature supply, these interactions rapidly become complex. In order to better understand these complex interactions, we have developed an integrated approach utilizing a hybrid multiscale mathematical model in parallel with an experimental murine window chamber model. This study aims to understand the development of the vasculature in response to a growing tumor, the effects of a heterogeneous microenvironment, and how interactions between the tumor and its vasculature modulate tumor progression and treatment resistance. By incorporating phenotypic heterogeneity into the model, a range of tumor phenotypes emerges due to the heterogeneous microenvironment. The response of the tumor to a treatment will depend on the distribution of phenotypes as well as the local conditions. At the same time, treatment will alter the phenotypic distribution and the microenvironment, so that subsequent tumor progression will be profoundly different than it was prior to treatment. By using the spatial and temporal projections of the mathematical model, optimal treatment strategies are derived and classified based on tumor and microenvironmental parameters. One particularly intriguing result is that tumor control, as opposed to eradication, may be more readily achieved by modulation of the tumor heterogeneity via treatment-mediated microenvironmental selection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 53. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-53
Longitudinal analysis of circulating myeloma cells detected by allele specific mRNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Ross D. Brown, Xiao-Feng Luo, John Gibson, Michael Brisco, Pam Sykes, Alec Morley, Doug Joshua
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Individual myeloma cells in the peripheral blood of 7 patients with multiple myeloma were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) using biotinylated antisense oligonucleotide probes to non-germline sequences of the CDR3 region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Peripheral blood samples from these patients were studied over a period of 2–3 years. The number of circulating myeloma cells varied from 0.1–23% of the mononuclear cell population. Longitudinal studies showed that the highest number of circulating myeloma cells were present during escape phase and thus the percentage of mRNA ISH+ cells correlated with the clinical state of the patient. This technique is the most accurate means of monitoring and quantitating individual myeloma cells in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloma and provides insight into the relevance of circulating myeloma cells. Am. J. Hematol. 58:273–277, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PPARγ Promotes Mannose Receptor Gene Expression in Murine Macrophages and Contributes to the Induction of This Receptor by IL-13
Authors: Agnès Coste, Marc Dubourdeau, Marie Denise Linas, Sophie Cassaing, Jean-Claude Lepert, Patricia Balard, Sandrine Chalmeton, José Bernad, Claudine Orfila, Jean-Paul Séguéla, Bernard Pipy
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Differential expression of oestrogen receptor and oestrogen inducible genes in gastric mucosa and cancer.
Authors: S Singh, R Poulsom, N A Wright, M C Sheppard, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Evidence exists for a role for oestrogen in gastric cancer. The incidence of gastric cancer is much higher in men than in woman, and a similar sex difference is also seen in a rat experimental model of gastric cancer. AIMS: Evidence for a functional oestrogen receptor in normal gastric mucosa and cancer has been sought. METHODS: Oestrogen receptor and the oestrogen inducible genes pS2 and ERD5 were sought by northern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. Oestrogen receptor protein was studied by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: mRNA for oestrogen receptor was detected in cancer and normal gastric mucosa. Enzyme immunoassay for oestrogen receptor showed a mean of 1.8 fmol/mg protein in cancer and 13.7 fmol/mg in paired normal mucosa. The oestrogen inducible genes pS2 and ERD5 were also detected in both cancer and normal mucosa, with expression localised to epithelium. Expression of pS2 was lower in cancer compared with normal mucosa, whereas ERD5 expression was higher in cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Significant amounts of oestrogen receptor were expressed in gastric mucosa with a lower amount in cancer. Oestrogen inducible genes were also expressed differentially but were not found to correlate closely with oestrogen receptor. Oestrogen receptor functionality remains to be demonstrated in the stomach.
Kiellands forceps delivery.
Authors: S Sheerin
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Leprosy is often assumed to be rare in the Middle East.In 1975 the prevalence in Saudi Arabia, based on 460 registered cases, was 0 1 per thousand population,' a prevalence similar to that in Spain and considerably lower than that in Burma, where it is 8-6 per thousand population.We wish to alert physicians to the hazards when the diagnosis of leprosy is overlooked and steroids are administered indiscriminately.We report on a patient with leprosy receiving oral steroids in whom
Systemic Effects of Skin Disease
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In this well-written and unique 128-page argumentative book, the British dermatologist, Sam Shuster, throws down his challenge most cogently. Simply, he says the inner body is just as much a mirror of diseases of the skin as the skin is a reflection of systemic disease. We have known that skin diseases, however minor, always have some specific systemic effects, but Shuster argues further that many of these effects are substantial, clinically important bodily effects and physicians must not continue to understate or ignore them. The better known effects of skin disease on hemodynamics, temperature control, water balance, plasma proteins, and the red blood cell are treated in six neat chapters. Less familiar ideas are introduced in the chapter, "Hyperoestrogenism," and in the longest chapter, "The Small Intestine," in which much of Shuster's own, often controversial research is presented. Finally, too briefly, he mentions uric acid, zinc, iron, calcium, folic acid,
Retransplant of the liver (RLT) in recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection: Retrospective multicentric study
Authors: R. Bároena, D. Pares, L. Grande, M. Prieto, C. Barrios, E. Fraga, F. Suarez, E. Fábrega, C. Loinaz, A. Bilbao, F. Pareja, J.I. Herrero, A. Candelas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Is There an App to Solve App Overload?
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection Associated with AIDS in West Africa
Authors: François Clavel, Kamal Mansinho, Sophie Chamaret, Denise Guetard, Veronique Favier, Jaime Nina, Marie-Odette Santos-Ferreira, Jose-Luis Champalimaud, Luc Montagnier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We recently reported the isolation of a new retrovirus, termed human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), from two West African patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus is related to but distinct from the well-characterized AIDS retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We report here evidence of infection with HIV-2 in 30 patients, almost all from West Africa. Seventeen of them had a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from AIDS (7 of these 17 died). Others had either the AIDS-related complex or no HIV-related symptoms. All patients had serum antibodies reacting with HIV-2 in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. All serum tested contained antibodies reacting with the envelope glycoprotein of the virus in an immunoprecipitation assay. Cross-reactivity of serum antibodies with HIV-1 was detected in a minority of patients and varied according to the assay used. Retroviral isolates were obtained from the blood lymphocytes of 11 patients and were all identified as HIV-2 by nucleic acid hybridization; none hybridized with an HIV-1 probe. These findings indicate that some cases of AIDS in West Africa may be caused by HIV-2, but the extent of the spread of this virus and its clinical correlates will require careful epidemiologic investigation. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1180–5.)
Zoledronic acid seems to reduce risk of repeat breaks and death after hip fracture
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Patients who had undergone surgical repair of hip fracture after a minor fall and who were then given an annual intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid were less likely to have a new vertebral fracture, to have a new non-vertebral fracture, or to die, a new study has found.

The international, double blind, placebo controlled study was released early by the New England Journal of Medicine (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa074941). The trial was sponsored by Novartis, the manufacturer of the drug, which is marketed as Reclast in the United States and Aclasta in the United Kingdom.

Just over a third of patients aged over 50 who have had a hip fracture are likely to die within two years, write the authors of an accompanying editorial (doi: 10.1056/NEJMe078192), and …
Growth in the International Physician Supply
Authors: David A. Kindig
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The recent growth in domestic physician supply prompted an investigation of international trends. Using data from the World Health Organization, it was determined that the number of physicians in the world grew from 4.8 per 10,000 population to 10.1 per 10,000 during the period 1950 through 1979. There was a 96% increase in industrialized nations, 223% in nations with centrally planned economies, 164% in middle-income nations, and 29% in low-income nations. Relationships in growth in physician supply and production of medical graduates are discussed. Implications of the inequities between the various groupings of countries are discussed.
Photodynamic-therapy-activated immune response against distant untreated tumours in recurrent angiosarcoma
Authors: Patricia Soo-Ping Thong, Kong-Wee Ong, Nicholas Seng-Geok Goh, Kiang-Wei Kho, Vanaja Manivasager, Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari, Malini Olivo, Khee-Chee Soo
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2007)