tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE SUGGESTING RENAL TUBULAR EXCRETION OF POTASSIUM IN MAN DURING RECOVERY FROM ACUTE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY 1
Authors: Jonas H. Sirota, Irving G. Kroop, Hattie Warmbrand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

In 1942 Winkler and Smith (1), studying the simultaneous renal clearances of exogenous cre- atinine and potassium in dogs following the injection of potassium salts, concluded that potassium is normally filtered at the glomerulus and subjected to a variable degree of tubular reabsorption.The highest potassium/creatinine clearance ratio ob- tained by these authors was 0.40.In 1948 Berliner and Kennedy (2), and Mudge, Foulks and Gilman (3) independently and simultaneously published convincing evidence for active renal tubular excre- tion4 of potassium in the dog.The former au- thors obtained potassium/creatinine clearance ra- tios as high as 1.33 in trained dogs receiving oral potassium chloride for one week before the experiment, and hypertonic solutions of this substance intravenously during the experiment.The latter investigators obtained potassium/creatinine clear- ance ratios as high as 1.39 in anesthetized dogs re- ceiving intravenous potassium chloride during urea-induced osmotic diuresis.McCance and Widdowson (4) in 1937 were the first to suggest the possibility of tubular excretion of potassium in man.They observed an isolated potassium/inulin clearance ratio of 1.24 in a man suffering from acute alkalosis at a time when his inulin clearance was depressed to 9.3 ml./min.In 1943 Keith, King and, Osterberg (5) stated that they observed
Nuclear Pseudo-inclusions in Melanoma Cells
Authors: William M. Tarnowski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article Nuclear Pseudo‐inclusions in Melanoma Cells Get access William M. Tarnowski William M. Tarnowski Ohio State University Hospital, College of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 9, 1 September 1969, Pages 709–710, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16214.x Published: 01 September 1969
Updated Frequency of EGFR and KRAS Mutations in NonSmall-Cell Lung Cancer in Latin America: The Latin-American Consortium for the Investigation of Lung Cancer (CLICaP)
Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Andrés F. Cardona, Claudio Martín, Luis Más-López, Luis Corrales-Rodríguez, Guillermo Bramuglia, Omar Castillo-Fernandez, Matthew Meyerson, Eduardo Amieva-Rivera, Alma Delia Campos-Parra, Hernán Carranza, Juan Carlos Gómez de la Torre, Yanina Powazniak, Fernando Aldaco-Sarvide, Carlos Vargas, Mariana Trigo, Manuel Magallanes-Maciel, Jorge Otero, Roberto Sánchez-Reyes, Mauricio Cuello
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Attention shuts out irrelevant stimuli
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Express saccade experiments imply that attention shifts take time. We extend this result with new experiments on manual reaction times. Reaction to a cued target is always slower than reaction to an uncued control, even when the cue is correct, if control trials are blocked to prevent interference from cued trials. Attention functions not to speed response, but to prevent responses at irrelevant locations.
Comparison of oral treatment with zinc sulphate and placebo in acne vulgaris
Authors: LARS HILLSTROM, LARS PETTERSSON, LENNART HELLBE, ALVA KJELLIN, CARL-GUSTAF LECZINSKY, CHRISTER NORDWALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

In a double-blind study 91 patients with acne vulgaris were treated either with oral zinc sulphate (0.4 g daily) or with a placebo. Forty-eight patients received zince treatment and 43 patients placebo. Significantly better results were demonstrated in favour of zince after 12 weeks.
Recurrent Cellulitis After Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Larry M. Baddour
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Certain patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafts suffer from episodes of acute cellulitis, often repeatedly, in the saphenous vein donor extremity. We describe nine patients with this entity, five of whom suffered recurrent attacks (range, two to &gt;20). The mean interval between surgery and the initial bout of cellulitis was 15 months (range, two to 46 months). A characteristic clinical syndrome was present in the majority of patients that included the abrupt onset of chills, followed by fever (generally &gt;38.8 °C), prostration, and obvious cellulitis. Seven patients also suffered from tinea pedis; in two instances, measures to control the dermatophytosis were instituted and attacks ceased. The pathogenesis of the entity may involve complex interactions between fungal and bacterial agents. Factors such as direct bacterial infection, hypersensitivity to streptococcal exotoxins, and id reactions to dermatophytes are probably involved in varying combinations. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1049-1052)
Increased echodensity of transiently asynergic myocardium in humans: A novel echocardiographic sign of myocardial ischemia
Authors: Eugenio Picano, Francesco Faletra, Cecilia Marini, Marco Paterni, Giovan Battista Danzi, Massimo Lombardi, Luigi Campolo, Guido Gigli, Luigi Landini, Antonio Pezzano, Alessandro Distante
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Alma-Ata no more
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Almaty, capital of Kazakhstan until 1998 and the country’s largest city, is about seven hours from Heathrow: a meal, two in-flight movies, and a snack. It lies in a beautiful setting beside mountains on the country’s southern border. Until 1993 it was called Alma-Ata, a Russian mistranslation meaning “father of apples.”

Sitting there last week, I wondered whether the big sanatorium that housed our WHO meeting had been the scene of the Alma-Ata Declaration 30 years ago, something I …
743-2 Superiority of 3D Echo vs 2D Echo for Quantitating Wall Motion Abnormality as an Index of Myocardial Infarction Size
Authors: Peter M. Sapin, Gregory B. Clarke, Aasha S. Gopal, Mikel D. Smith, William S. O’Connor, Klaus M. Schröeder, Donald L. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Incidence of persistent symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study.
Authors: W Luman, W H Adams, S N Nixon, I M Mcintyre, D Hamer-Hodges, G Wilson, K R Palmer
Journal: Gut (1996)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. This study aimed to assess the effect of the operation on patients' symptoms.One hundred consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between June 1994 and June 1995 were evaluated using standard questionnaires examining demographic details, indication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, characteristics of pain, and other associated dyspeptic and colonic symptoms. A history of psychiatric disturbances and of hysterectomy were also recorded. The same questionnaires were administered again six months after the operation. Operation notes and histological reports were reviewed.Three patients were converted to open surgery and were excluded from analysis. The median age of the remaining 97 patients was 50.9 (19-85) years; 19 were men. There was one complication each of bleeding and biliary leak. Indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were biliary type pain (66 patients) and complicated gall stone disease (acute cholecystitis 21, cholestatic jaundice six, and pancreatitis four). Thirteen patients (13%) had persistent pain and two (3%) developed diarrhoea at follow up. Only one patient with persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy originated from the complicated gall stone disease group. Logistic discriminant analysis showed that bloating (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.05), and previous and current use of psychotrophic drugs (p < 0.001) were significantly more common among those with a poor outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Heartburn was unaffected. Of patients with persistent symptoms after cholecystectomy 77% had no or mild histological changes of cholecystitis as compared with 30% in the pain free group.The incidence of persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 13%. Abdominal bloating and psychiatric medications were predictive for persistence of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY, (SYMPTOMS AND PATHOLOGY) OF YELLOW FEVER. 1854-1894.
Authors: JOSEPH JONES
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Chapter III.</h3><h3>CHANGES OF THE TEMPERATURE, PULSE AND RESPIRATION IN YELLOW FEVER.</h3> Owing perhaps chiefly to the sudden origin, rapid progress, and singularly fatal nature of yellowfever, as well as the infrequency of the use of the thermometer in the investigation of the disease, but few facts of value relating to the definite degrees of temperature in the different stages of the disease can be found in the writings of various observers. Almost all observers, however, as Benjamin Rush,<sup>15</sup>J. Deveze,<sup>16</sup>Wm. Currie,<sup>17</sup>C. Caldwell,<sup>18</sup>Samuel Jackson,<sup>19</sup>P. Chas. A. Louis,<sup>20</sup>W. Arnold,<sup>21</sup>R. Jackson,<sup>22</sup>Lionel Chalmers,<sup>23</sup>John Lining,<sup>24</sup>A. M. F. Savarésy,<sup>25</sup>William T. Wragg, Daniel Blair,<sup>26</sup>John Davy,<sup>27</sup>Schmidtlein,<sup>28</sup>and many others, concur in the statement that in the early stage of reaction or febrile excitement the temperature is elevated to a greater or
Involvement of the PPPGHR motif in T cell activation via CD2.
Authors: H C Chang, P Moingeon, R Pedersen, J Lucich, C Stebbins, E L Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Prior studies identified a segment of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain between amino acid (aa) residues 253 and 287 as important in T lymphocyte signal transduction. This region contains two repeats of the sequence motif PPPGHR, thought to form a "cage" structure involved in CD2-mediated signaling. To evaluate this segment, a series of mutant human CD2 molecules were produced by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and inserted into the ovalbumin-specific, I-Ad-restricted murine T-T hybridoma 3DO54.8 using the DOL retroviral system. CD2 M1 (271-272), CD2 M2 (278-279), and CD2 M4 (264-265) mutants replaced the positively charged adjacent aa histidine and arginine (HR) in the wild-type CD2 sequence with aspartic and glutamic acid (DE) at positions 271-272, 278-279, and 264-265, respectively. In addition, a truncation mutant, CD2 M3 (268), containing only 57 of the 117 cytoplasmic aa and terminating before the second PPPGHR sequence, was generated. Stimulation of transfectants CD2 FL, CD2 M1 (271-272), and CD2 M2 (278-279) with anti-T11(2) + anti-T11(3) antibodies resulted in a rise in cytosolic-free calcium [( Ca2+]i) and subsequent interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion. In contrast, CD2 M4 (264-265) transfectants could not be activated in either assay. Thus, alteration of histidine 264 and/or arginine 265 within the first PPPGHR motif affects the process of signal transduction via CD2, whereas identical mutations in residues at 271-272 or 278-279 were individually without effect. Consistent with these data, CD2 M3 (268) transfectants were able to generate a detectable amount of IL-2 via CD2 triggering. These data support the notion that the PPPGHR motif at aa 260-265 is important for activation of T lymphocytes via the CD2 molecule.
Abstract 4911: Systems level network analysis of NCI60 cell lines by alignment of protein pathway activation modules with multiple -omic data fields and therapeutic response signatures
Authors: Giulia Federici, Ruggero De Maria, Lance A. Liotta, Julia D. Wulfkuhle, Emanuel F. Petricoin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The NCI-60 cell line set is the most extensively profiled set of human tumor cell lines worldwide and have been characterized through chromosome karyotyping, SNP, mutation analysis, miRNA profiling, transcriptional profiling, metabolomic analysis, protein expression measurements, and functional enzymatic analysis. These types of “-omic” data have been mined for correlations with the tremendous drug response data that populates the dataset and provide a great opportunity for a systems level connectivity analysis between drug response and in-depth molecular characterization. However, a missing component of previous attempts to connect datasets together has been the lack of comprehensive functional protein signaling activation analysis. METHODS: Using Reverse-phase Protein MicroArray (RPMA) analysis, we were able to measure the activation state of nearly 200 key signaling proteins representative of the main pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration and adhesion in all 60 cell lines. We used the nature of the comprehensive pathway activation analysis we performed to focus our analysis on modules of interconnected kinase-substrate protein architecture for the following 7 key signaling pathways known to be involved in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis: AKT signaling, mTOR signaling, EGFR signaling, IGF1R signaling, integrin signaling, autophagy signaling, and apoptosis signaling. These modules were then used to define a systems level view of functional interactions through the correlation of protein phosphorylation/activation states within each module and the mutational, metabolomic, miRNA, transcriptional and drug sensitivity data available.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The integration of individual protein pathway activation measurements into biochemically interconnected modules provided a new means to align the functional protein architecture with multiple -omic data sets and therapeutic response correlations. This approach may provide a deeper understanding of how cellular biochemistry through genetic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic signatures predicts and defines therapeutic response. Such -omic portraits could inform rational anticancer agent screenings and drive personalized therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4911. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4911
Concentrations of 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Correlate With Trough Levels of Infliximab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Combination Therapy
Authors: Andres J. Yarur, Maddie J. Kubiliun, Frank Czul, Daniel A. Sussman, Maria A. Quintero, Anjali Jain, Katherine A. Drake, Scott I. Hauenstein, Steven Lockton, Amar R. Deshpande, Jamie S. Barkin, Sharat Singh, Maria T. Abreu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Scientific and ethical aspects of human monitoring.
Authors: A L Frank
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Screening and monitoring activities have their place in the prevention of workplace and environmental disease and injury. Testing, while still relatively nonspecific at this time, can be appropriately used in such prevention activities. Unfortunately, such information can be misused or even put to malevolent purpose, and this complicates the moral and ethical aspects of such testing. With advances in molecular biology, one can anticipate more refined and individualized testing in the future.
Tamoxifen-warfarin interaction: the Aberdeen hospitals drug file.
Authors: L. D. Ritchie, S. M. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Erythromelalgia due to calcium antagonists may be more frequent than reported.It is probably often reported as flushing or paraesthesia of the hands and feet.Doctors prescribing these drugs should be aware of this inverse Raynaud's phenomenon and withdraw the drug(s) before sending their patients for extensive investigations.1
An Oasis in Time
Authors: Michael E. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters17 May 2011An Oasis in TimeMichael E. Miller, MDMichael E. Miller, MDFrom Medical Care Affiliates, Boston, MA 02199.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Two major themes emerge in Liu's article “An Oasis in Time” (1). The first theme, as the title of the article states, is time. This theme specifically refers to the clear benefits that physicians and, I presume, our patients would accrue if we had more of it to spend with them. The second theme, which Liu discusses in a more nebulous manner, is communication, particularly the significant downside of inadequate or, worse, poor communication among physicians and other care providers.I'm more interested in communication, not only because of its consequences to patients but also because of ...Reference1. Liu SS. An oasis in time. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:614-5. [PMID: 21041583] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Medical Care Affiliates, Boston, MA 02199.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAn Oasis in Time Stanley Shi-Dan Liu An Oasis in Time Lorraine Tosiello Metrics 17 May 2011Volume 154, Issue 10Page: 705KeywordsCaregiversConflicts of interestInformation technologyPatients ePublished: 17 May 2011 Issue Published: 17 May 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fall in hormone replacement therapy associated with fall in breast cancer
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Sulfonamide related allergic drug reactions are common, and their rate is reported to be 3.0% for the general population. Sulfasalazine (SSZ), which is an inflammatory drug in the arylamine sulfonamide structure, is being used for the treatment of many rheumatic diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of sulfasalazine-related hypersensitivity reactions in patients with rheumatic disease. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 136 patients (84 RA and 52 AS) were included in this study. Patients were screened for those who recently started using sulfasalazine treatment. The type of the reaction, duration of the reaction, administered medicines, and their doses were recorded in patients with detected hypersensitivity during the follow-up. The drug was stopped and anti-histaminic and/or corticosteroid treatment was administered as needed. In patients with a negative prick test, a drug provocation test (DPT) was performed after drugs were stopped and amino salicylic acid. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 136 patients, with ages ranging from 19 to 71 (mean 41.97±12.04), were included in the study. Hypersensitivity reaction was observed in 12/136 (8.8%) of the patients. The SSZ related hypersensitivity reaction types were: urticaria in 7 patients, urticaria and angioedema in 4 patients, and pruritus in 1 patient. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sulfasalazine is widely used by rheumatologists in treatment of rheumatic diseases. These reactions might be ignored because, when type 1 reaction occurs, the patient has the possibility of changing to alternative treatments. Patients who have SSZ-related allergic reactions should be advised to avoid sulfanilamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole.
Value of cytology for detecting endometrial abnormalities in climacteric women receiving hormone replacement therapy.
Authors: J W Studd, M Thom, F Dische, M Driver, T W Evans, D Williams
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Over six months 113 endometrial specimens from 110 menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy were examined by two cytologists and two histopathologists. Specimens were obtained by aspiration with the Isaacs cell sampler immediately before Vabra suction curettage, both procedures being performed in the outpatient department without anaesthetic. The histologists agreed with each other on the classification of 85 specimens (75.2%) and the cytologists agreed on the classification of 44 (38.9%). In only 15 cases (13.3%) did all four observers agree. Of the three cases of cystic or adenomatous hyperplasia detected histologically, only one was diagnosed by cytology. Furthermore, both cases of adenocarcinoma escaped detection by cytology, though a third case--later confirmed-"was suspected by one cytologist alone. Use of the Isaacs endometrial cell sampler cannot be advocated for routine screening of women with climacteric symptoms receiving hormone replacement therapy. Efforts should be made to establish the correct dose and duration of treatment with an oestrogen-progestogen preparation in order to avoid over-stimulating the endometrium and the need for regular screening for endometrial abnormalities.
Colin Mackenzie Davidson
Authors: Roy May
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study how mortality varies with different degrees of anticoagulation reflected by the international normalised ratio (INR). <b>Design:</b> Record linkage analysis with death hazard estimated as a continuous function of INR. <b>Data sources:</b> 46 anticoagulation clinics in Sweden with computerised medical records. <b>Subjects:</b> Records for 42 451 patients, 3533 deaths, and 1.25 million INR measurements. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mortality from all causes and from intracranial haemorrhage. <b>Results:</b> Mortality from all causes of death was strongly related to level of INR. Minimum risk of death was attained at 2.2 INR for all patients and 2.3 INR for patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. A high INR was associated with an excess mortality: with an increase of 1 unit of INR above 2.5, the risks of death from cerebral bleeding (149 deaths) and from any cause were about doubled. Among patients with an INR of 3.0, 1069 deaths occurred within 7 weeks; if the risk coincided with that with an INR of 2.9, the expected number of deaths would have been 569. Thus at least 500 deaths were associated with a high INR value, but not necessarily caused by the treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> The excess mortality associated with high INR values supports the use of less intensive treatment and a small therapeutic window, with INR close to 2.2-2.3 irrespective of the indication for anticoagulant treatment. More preventive actions should be taken to avoid episodes of high INR. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> The optimal degree of anticoagulation (expressed as the international normalised ratio (INR)) for different indications is still unclear, but the increased risk of death due to bleeding at high INR values is well known <h3>What this study adds</h3> This large study of medical records from anticoagulation clinics in Sweden confirmed the substantial excess mortality at high INR values and indicated optimal treatment to be in a small therapeutic window with INR close to 2.2-2.3, irrespective of the indication for anticoagulant treatment
Training Basic Scientists to Bridge the Gap between Basic Science and Its Application to Human Disease
Authors: I M Arias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Increasingly, society demands that long-standing disease-related problems be solved, but who will solve them? The opportunities are greater than in the past because of the great conceptual and technical advances in basic biologic science. There is every indication that such advances will continue to develop at an increasing rate. However, as science becomes more complicated, clinical scientists have greater difficulty in applying these advances to disease, and basic scientists are needed. The complexity of disease-related problems forms a spectrum. Many problems are so complex they exceed the ability of the traditional clinical scientist to deal with them; others are less . . .