tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental Subjects-Reply
Authors: Richard A. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1976)

I agree with the point made by Dr Meisel when he states "with the rare exception of some deadly epidemic." That is what I had in mind when I wrote: "If, however, not enough volunteers are available for minimal risk experimentation<i>and the research seems of overriding importance to the public health</i>, it would not be unjust of the government to recruit experimental subjects." In other words, I was not proposing a "matter of policy," if by that term one means an ordinary, everyday way of proceeding. I was rather making an ethical point about our duties to the commonweal. Rare as they might be, circumstances could arise in which lottery recruitment of involuntary subjects would not be "unsound as a matter of policy." That is all my commentary stated.
The Defect in Hemophilic and von Willebrand's Disease Plasmas Studied by a Recombination Technique
Authors: Herbert A. Cooper, Robert H. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Factor VIII in preparations from normal plasma is a large glycoprotein of greater than 2 million molecular weight which elutes in the exclusion volume of 4% agarose gels at an ionic strength of 0.15. Recent studies have demonstrated that the factor VIII in canine and bovine plasma is a macromolecular complex composed of a large inert carrier protein and a noncovalently bound small fragment which contains the procoagulant active site. This complex is dissociable in 0.25 M CaCl(2), and conditions for its recombination have been reported. The present study reports the dissociation characteristics of normal human factor VIII preparations in 0.25 M CaCl(2) and the ability to achieve quantitative recombination of the dissociated fragments of normal human and bovine factor VIII after the removal of Ca(2+). The recombination technique was used to characterize further the defect in hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. Void volume preparations from human hemophilia A(-), canine hemophilia A, and human von Willebrand's plasma, with no factor VIII procoagulant activity, were mixed with the small active fragment prepared from the normal plasma of their respective species. Chromatography of the three mixtures in agarose gel showed that the fractions from the human hemophilic plasmas contained a molecule that bound the small active normal fragment, but neither the fractions from canine hemophilia A plasmas nor the fractions from the human von Willebrand's plasmas demonstrated evidence of such material. These data suggest that there is present in human hemophilia A plasma a normal functional carrier molecule which is absent or nonfunctional in the plasma of hemophilic dogs and humans with von Willebrand's disease.
Peptide Hormone Antagonists That Are Effective in Vivo
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Michael Rosenblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Since the first synthesis of a peptide hormone—oxytocin — by du Vigneaud and coworkers in 1953,1 selective modification of hormonal structure has become a powerful research tool in endocrinology. By studying the relation between the structure and the activity of various peptide hormones, investigators can sometimes generate fragments or analogues that have advantageous properties, such as increased potency, prolonged action, increased stability, greater selectivity within the spectrum of biologic activity of a given hormone, or antagonism of hormonal action. Peptide hormone antagonists that are effective in vivo are uniquely precise tools for biomedical research. They can be used to determine . . .
Teenage Throwaways: How Many?
Authors: Bruce Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An article on the Larkin Street Outreach Services in San Francisco by Mr Hermann<sup>1</sup>carries the statement that it is estimated that "1 million teenagers run away annually and 125 000 to 250 000 adolescents are involved in prostitution." Such is a familiar estimate; however, it is one of those scare statistics that have no basis in fact. The Bureau of the Census notes that live births in the United States over the past 20 years have ranged between 3 and 4 million.<sup>2(p56)</sup>That would mean, if the scare estimate were taken literally, that about a third of our teenagers have run away before they became 18. The Bureau of the Census also compares its estimates with school enrollment and finds that 91.5% to 97.8% of teenagers are enrolled in school.<sup>2(p131)</sup> The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report for 1987<sup>3</sup>records 135
Induction of Labour in Sheep and in Humans by Single Doses of Corticosteroids
Authors: J. K. G. Mati, D. F. Horrobin, P. S. Bramley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In sheep the administration of single intramuscular injections of dexamethasone into the fetus was shown to be an effective method of initiating parturition. In a controlled trial in women who had gone beyond the 41st week of pregnancy 20 mg betamethasone in saline (six patients) or saline alone (five patients) was injected into the amniotic fluid. In the betamethasone-treated group delivery occurred 78·9 ± 10·2 (S.D.) hours after injection while in the control group it occurred 323 ± 62 (S.D.) hours after injection (P &lt; 0·01). In one woman with an anencephalic pregnancy intra-amniotic injection failed to initiate parturition but delivery occurred 88·5 hours after intramuscular injection of betamethasone into the fetus.
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes exhibit diverse behaviors in transendothelial and subendothelial migrations under coculture with smooth muscle cells in disturbed flow
Authors: Cheng-Nan Chen, Shun-Fu Chang, Pei-Ling Lee, Kyle Chang, Li-Jing Chen, Shunichi Usami, Shu Chien, Jeng-Jiann Chiu
Journal: Blood (2005)
Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes of the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen.
Authors: C Ferrari, A Bertoletti, A Penna, A Cavalli, A Valli, G Missale, M Pilli, P Fowler, T Giuberti, F V Chisari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that inclusion of core sequences in the hepatitis B vaccine may represent a feasible strategy to increase the efficacy of the vaccination. In order to identify immunodominant core epitopes, peripheral blood T cells purified from 23 patients with acute hepatitis B and different HLA haplotypes were tested with a panel of 18 short synthetic peptides (15 to 20 amino acids [AA]) covering the entire core region. All patients except one showed a strong T cell proliferative response to a single immunodominant 20 amino acid sequence located within the aminoterminal half of the core molecule. Two additional important sequences were also identified at the aminoterminal end and within the carboxyterminal half of the core molecule. These sequences were able to induce significant levels of T cell proliferation in 69 and 73% of the patients studied, respectively. T cell response to these epitopes was HLA class II restricted. The observations that (a) polyclonal T cell lines produced by PBMC stimulation with native HBcAg were specifically reactive with the relevant peptides and that (b) polyclonal T cell lines produced with synthetic peptides could be restimulated with native HBcAg, provide evidence that AA sequences contained within the synthetic peptides represent real products of the intracellular processing of the native core molecule. In conclusion, the identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes within the core molecule provides the molecular basis for the design of alternative and hopefully more immunogenic vaccines.
Negligent selection of hospital staff
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex Differences in Presentation of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karin H. Humphries, Mona Izadnegahdar, Martha H. Mackay
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unusual Case of Extrapulmonary Metastatic Recurrence in a Patient With Osteosarcoma
Authors: Vivek S. Radhakrishnan, Jegannathan Balaji, Srinivasan Lakshminarasimhan, Ponnuswamy Karkuzhali, Kodandaraman Vijayasarathy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Structural characteristics and possible horizontal transfer of group I introns between closely related plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: A. Holst-Jensen, M. Vaage, T. Schumacher, S. Johansen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We have characterized structural features and the distribution pattern of nuclear group I introns found in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of closely related plant pathogenic fungi of the family Sclerotiniaceae. Sixteen introns, at two distinct positions in the small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) rDNA, were sequenced and analyzed among the 29 taxa included in the initial screening. Genera found to contain introns were Botrytis, Dumontinia, Encoelia, Grovesinia, Myriosclerotinia, and Sclerotinia. Secondary-structure analyses of the group I introns concluded that all belong to the common IC1 subclass. Interestingly, the SSU rDNA intron from Myriosclerotinia caricisampullacea contains an insertion-like sequence extension which may be a relic of an open reading frame. Incongruent branching patterns of intron-based and rDNA-based (internal transcribed spacer) phylogenetic trees suggest that the fungal host genomes and the group I introns do not share a common evolutionary history. A model to explain how horizontal intron transfers may have occurred among the closely related fungal taxa is proposed.
Sialoadhesin binds preferentially to cells of the granulocytic lineage.
Authors: P R Crocker, S Freeman, S Gordon, S Kelm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Sialoadhesin is a macrophage-restricted, sialic acid-dependent receptor of 185 kD that binds to the oligosaccharide sequence NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal on cell surface glycoconjugates. Recent cDNA cloning has shown that sialoadhesin is a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with sequence similarity to CD22, a sialic acid-dependent receptor of B lymphocytes. Sialoadhesin has been implicated in cellular interactions of stromal macrophages with developing myeloid cells. In this study, direct evidence for this interaction was obtained in cell-cell binding assays using both native and recombinant forms of the protein. In all assays, sialoadhesin exhibited specific, differential binding to various murine cell populations of hemopoietic origin. In rank order, sialoadhesin bound neutrophils > bone marrow cells = blood leukocytes > lymphocytes > thymocytes. Single-cell analyses confirmed that sialoadhesin selectively bound myeloid cells in complex cell mixtures obtained from the bone marrow and blood. In comparison, a recombinant Fc-chimeric form of murine CD22 showed high binding to B and T lymphocytes, but very low binding to immature and mature myeloid cells. These results are consistent with the notion that sialoadhesin in involved in interactions with granulocytes at different stages of their life histories.
Developing a Strategy to Define the Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on Gene Expression Profile in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tsun-jui Liu, Hui-chin Lai, Weihua Wu, Steven Chinn, Ping H. Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 activates intracellular signaling pathways and regulates myocardial structure and function. This study used DNA microarray to define the effects of IGF-1 on gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Despite DNA microarray becoming a popular tool for profiling gene expression, the specificity of DNA microarray results is rarely addressed. Our data showed that the specificity of a DNA microarray study can be increased by repetitive experiments and by excluding minimally expressed genes. In this study, the false-positive rates were reduced to &lt;0.2%. Future DNA microarray studies should incorporate a proper strategy to minimize false-positive results. IGF-1 modulates the expression of genes in 17 functional categories, but most genes clustered around the regulation of intracellular signaling, cell cycle, transcription/translation, cellular respiration and mitochondrial function, cell survival, ion channels and calcium signaling, and humoral factors. To further explore whether extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3 kinase specifically regulate different sets of genes, the effects of IGF-1 were inhibited with PD98059 or LY294002. The results showed that the majority of genes regulated by IGF-1 required activation of both ERK and PI 3 kinase. Thus, PI 3 kinase and ERK coordinately mediate the transcriptional regulatory effects of IGF-1 in cardiac muscle cells. These findings provide novel insight into how IGF-1 signaling modulates the programming of cardiac muscle gene expression.
The Hypocholesterolemic Effects of β-Glucan
Authors: Stephen Warshafsky
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Davidson et al<sup>1</sup>claims a power of 0.90 with an α of.05 to detect a 0.39-mmol/L (15-mg/dL) change in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels between the control and experimental groups. In my estimation, their experimental groups of 20 to 23 subjects each and placebo group of 15 are not sufficient to achieve such a power. As serum cholesterol levels are considered a continuous variable, an estimate for population size for each experimental and placebo group can be calculated by using the Student<i>t</i>test to compare means between placebo and each experimental group, using the following formula: N = ([1/q<sub>1</sub>+ 1/q<sub>2</sub>]S<sup>2</sup>[z<sub>α</sub>+ z<sub>β</sub>]<sup>2</sup>)/E<sup>2</sup>, where N = total number of subjects required, S=SD from the mean, E = effect size, z<sub>α</sub>= the standard normal deviate for α(z<sub>α</sub>= 1.96 when α =.05), z
Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis in the cornea arises from CD11b-positive macrophages
Authors: Kazuichi Maruyama, Masaaki Ii, Claus Cursiefen, David G. Jackson, Hiroshi Keino, Minoru Tomita, Nico Van Rooijen, Hideya Takenaka, Patricia A. D’Amore, Joan Stein-Streilein, Douglas W. Losordo, J. Wayne Streilein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

In the inflamed cornea, there is a parallel outgrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels into the normally avascular cornea. We tested whether adaptive and/or innate immune cells were actively involved in the genesis of new lymphatic vessels. Our results indicate that innate immune cells (CD11b+ macrophages, but not CD11c+ dendritic cells) physically contributed to lymphangiogenesis under pathological conditions and that bone marrow–derived CD11b+ macrophages expressed lymphatic endothelial markers such as LYVE-1 and Prox-1 under inflamed conditions in the corneal stromata of mice. Furthermore, blood vascular endothelial cells that expressed the Tie2 promoter did not contribute to newly formed lymphatic vessels under inflamed conditions. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that CD11b+ macrophages alone were capable of forming tube-like structures that expressed markers of lymphatic endothelium such as LYVE-1 and podoplanin. The novel finding that CD11b+ macrophages are critical for the development of inflammation-dependent lymphangiogenesis in the eye suggests a new mechanism of lymphangiogenesis.
Evaluation of Long-Term Treatment Effect in a Type 1 Diabetes Intervention Trial: Differences After Stimulation With Glucagon or a Mixed Meal
Authors: Paolo Pozzilli, Itamar Raz, Dana Peled, Dana Elias, Ann Avron, Merana Tamir, Rachel Eren, Shlomo Dagan, Irun R. Cohen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Endogenous insulin secretion, measured by C-peptide area under the curve (AUC), can be tested using both the glucagon stimulation test (GST) and the mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT). This study compares these two stimulation methods using long-term data from patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes or with latent autoimmune diabetes.A recently completed phase 3 intervention study with DiaPep277 demonstrated improved glycemic control and a significant treatment effect of glucagon-stimulated C-peptide secretion. Unexpectedly, MMTT failed to detect differences between the treated and control groups. Data from 343 patients in two balanced-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials of DiaPep277 were used to compare and correlate between GST- and MMTT-derived C-peptide AUC. Pearson's correlations were calculated for absolute C-peptide AUC at baseline and 12 and 24 months and for long-term changes in AUC (AUC).The absolute AUC values obtained at any single time point by the two tests were well correlated in both data sets (r = 0.74-0.9). However, the correlations between the AUC were much weaker (r = 0.39-0.58). GST-stimulated C-peptide secretion was stable over the fasting glucose range permitted for the test (4-11.1 mmol/L), but MMTT-stimulated C-peptide secretion decreased over the same range, implying differences in sensitivity to glucose.Measurement of long-term changes in stimulated C-peptide, reflecting endogenous insulin secretion, during the course of intervention trials may be affected by the method of stimulation, possibly reflecting different sensitivities to the physiological status of the tested subject.
Accuracy and safety of technetium-99m hexakis 2-methoxy-2-isobutyl isonitrile (Sestamibi) myocardial scintigraphy with high dose dipyridamole test in patients with effort angina pectoris: A multicenter study
Authors: Oberdan Parodi, Claudio Marcassa, Ruggero Casucci, Gianmario Sambuceti, Edoardo Verna, Michele Galli, Eugenio Inglese, Paolo Marzullo, Salvatore Pirelli, Gianni Bisi, Raffaele Giubbini, Francesco Scopinaro, None The Italian Group of Nuclear Cardiology
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Direct effects of leptin on size and extracellular matrix components of human pediatric ventricular myocytes
Authors: S MADANI, S DEGIROLAMO, D MUNOZ, R LI, G SWEENEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

There is a well-documented association between obesity and heart failure although the mechanistic basis for this correlation is unclear. Both extracellular matrix remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy are well-defined components of remodeling in heart failure, and here we further investigate the role of leptin, the obese gene product, on these parameters.We used primary human pediatric ventricular cardiomyocytes combined with gelatin zymography, quantitative PCR analysis, proline and leucine incorporation assays, and investigation of kinase activation by Western blotting.We show using gelatin zymography that leptin dose-dependently (0-60 nM) increased proteolytic activity at approximately 72 kDa. Accordingly, upon quantitative PCR analysis we found that leptin increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Leptin also caused an increase in collagen type III and IV mRNA expression and a decrease in collagen type I mRNA expression. This was reflected in no significant change in total collagen synthesis, measured by [3H]proline incorporation, in response to leptin. A statistically significant increase in cell size, [3H]leucine incorporation, and expression of well-characterized markers of cardiac hypertrophy, namely cardiac alpha-actin and myosin light chain, were observed in response to leptin. We demonstrate activation of Janus-activated kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by leptin, and using pharmacological inhibitors we show that these signaling pathways play a role in mediating the effects of leptin.Our findings show that leptin regulates cell size, stimulates MMP-2 expression, and alters the profile, but not the total content, of collagen in human cardiomyocytes. This indicates the potential for altered leptin sensitivity to directly regulate cardiac remodeling in obesity.
Family Planning Advertisement
Authors: N. C. Hypher
Journal: BMJ (1960)

There has been a rapid grown in the field of tumor immunobiology in recent years as a result of recent successes in cancer immunotherapies, and it is clear that immune cells play many sometimes conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment. However, obtaining phenotypic information about the various immune cells in and around the tumor has been a challenge. Existing methods can deliver phenotypic information on homogenous samples (e.g., flow cytometry or PCR) or morphologic information in single stain IHC. We present here a methodology for delivering quantitative per-cell marker expression and phenotyping, analogous to that obtained from flow cytometry, but from cells imaged <i>in situ </i>in FFPE tissue sections. This methodology combines: the sequential multi-marker labeling of up to 6 antigens using antibodies all of the same species; automated multispectral imaging to remove problematic FFPE tissue autofluorescence and correct cross-talk between fluorescent channels; and an automated analysis that can quantitate the per-cell marker expression, determine the cellular phenotype, count these cells separately in the tumor compartment and in the stroma and provide high-resolution images of their distributions. We will show a 6-plex assay in breast cancer showing the application of the multiplexed staining, per-cell quantitation and cellular phenotyping in FFPE tissue sections, as well as methods to explore the spatial distributions of the phenotyped cells in and around the tumor.