tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The decrease of hyaluronate synthesis by anti-inflammatory steroids in vitro
Authors: HEIKKI SAARNI, V.K. HOPSU-HAVU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The effect of anti-inflammatory steroids (prednisolone and derivatives of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and betamethasone) on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulphated glycosaminoglycans in human skin fibroblast culture was studied. The concentrations of steroids varied between 1 x 10(-10)M and 1 x 10(-6)M. All tested steroids decreased the synthesis of hyaluronic acid to the same final level which was about 40--50% of the controls, but the concentrations required varied between different steroids. The relative inhibitory potencies of the steroids were calculated based on concentrations needed to decrease the synthesis of hyaluronate. When the inhibitory potency of hydrocortisone was calculated as one, the values of the other steroids were: prednisolone 5, hydrocortisone 17- butyrate 20, betamethasone alcohol 30, dexamethasone alcohol 38, betamethasone 17-valerate 350--400, dexamethasone monosodium phosphate and betamethasone disodium phosphate over 400. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate was as potent an inhibitor of hyaluronate synthesis as hydrocortisone alcohol. None of the tested steroids affected the synthesis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans at these concentrations. The changes ovbserved in glycosaminoglycans in the medium were in accordance with the changes in the cell layer. The possible significance of hyaluronate synthesis inhibition by anti-inflammatory steroids is discussed.
US patients can sue HMOs
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Texas has become the first United States state to allow patients to sue health maintenance organisations (HMOs) for malpractice.

“The delivery of health care has changed over the past decade,” said Dr David Sibley, a doctor and Republican state senator from Waco, who sponsored the new law. “A third party has inserted itself into the treatment room, operation room, and examination room. And I can think …
Insights into the Israeli health care system. Reflections on a medical student's experience
Authors: H. A. Lancer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A two-month visit to the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel, provided an opportunity to investigate some aspects of that country's health care system. Observations on the Israeli health care system and on the populations served, with highlights on cultural, demographic, political, and historic factors, are essential to an understanding of health care in Israel. A detailed description of the organization and administration of services at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center may aid in this understanding. It is essential to our understanding of this health care system to realize that Israel is not a purely Western nation. To gain insight into the system, we must consider the nation's political and economic situation. Such an awareness is crucial to the study of any foreign health care system.
Looking beyond the Market
Authors: Robert A Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

For the most part, the market doesn't work where health care is concerned. It has been particularly ineffective in constraining costs over the past half-century, with stakeholders (insurance companies, organized medicine, pharmaceutical companies, trial lawyers) propelling runaway spending. Yet as they shape reform legislation, politicians on both sides of the aisle merely want to make relatively minor adjustments to the current system.The market is about maximizing profit, and it encourages predatory behavior by participants who have an advantage, as the stakeholders in the health care system do. Because of the asymmetry of knowledge between providers and consumers, if doctors . . .
Swimming Pools
Authors: J. Roswell Gallagher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

DURING the seven years 1941 to 1947 reasonably accurate records of swimming-pool attendance and of the incidence of respiratory-tract and communicable diseases have been kept at a boys' boarding school in Massachusetts for the purpose of determining whether a difference in frequency of these illnesses existed between those who used and those who did not use the swimming pool. Only boarding students have been considered in these records because of the difficulty of accurately determining the nature of all day students' illnesses. At this institution the season for competitive swimming and swimming-team training extends from the middle of November through . . .
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPORARY CESSATION OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW IN RATS 1
Authors: Simon Koletsky, Gordon E. Gustafson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Litten ( 1 ) observed in 1881 that temporary occlusion of the renal artery in dog and rabbit for 11/2 to 2 hours was followed by tubular ne- crosis.In 1926 McEnery, Meyer and Ivy (2) clamped the blood vessels of both kidneys in dogs for periods of 30 minutes to 1 hour.This led to an increase in BUN 2 and some animals died in uremia.Recently, Emmel (3) described
Mucosal Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis: Specific pattern in a multicentre survey and historical cases
Authors: Benoit Faucher, Christelle Pomares, Sabrina Fourcade, Audrey Benyamine, Pierre Marty, Laure Pratlong, Françoise Faraut, Charles Mary, Renaud Piarroux, Jean-Pierre Dedet, Francine Pratlong
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Selective Arteriography of the Spinal Cord
Authors: E. James Potchen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This authoritative monograph represents the definitive treatise on a narrow subject, one which will interest physicians dealing with spinal cord disease. The authors have developed clinical techniques to identify the spinal cord vessels. The book emphasizes myelography and selective angiography, while at the same time recognizing the limitations of aortography. The authors clearly define the anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord supply and then show the clinical utility of radiologic methods to evaluate spinal cord symptoms. This leads to discussion of the clinical evaluation of arterial venous malformation and spinal cord tumors, lesions in which these techniques will be most helpful. They discuss possible complications, and in so doing clarify previous misunderstandings and alert the reader to optimal technique necessary to limit the risks of this diagnostic modality. The book is well written and although of limited scope will prove a valuable addition to the library of the neuroradiologists,
BRAIN BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM IMAGING OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE PATIENTS PRE AND POST PALLIDOTOMY - PRELIMINARY RESULTS.
Authors: N Mullani, G Van Horn, L. Lamki, B. Barron, K. Gould
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Duplication of the Pylorus (Gastroduodenal Band)
Authors: P. Frühmorgen, G. Koniszewski, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

Reports on a genuine duplication of the pylorus (pyloric band) are presently limited to two only. We were able for the first time to establish and document a further case of this rare malformation by endoscopic means and subsequently to verify it at autopsy. In the present article the case is described and its possible aetiopathogenesis discussed.
Worcester General Infirmary. CASE RESEMBLING SOMNAMBULISM
Authors: E. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1855)

medllary substance; its pelvis was dilated.The bladder au thickrened, its lining membrane very vascular, and "oil contracted.At the fore part of the membranous Vretl&, an opening existed, large enough to admit a crowquill, which led into a large cavity in the scrotum, lined by a smooth membrane, and communicating with the above mentioned aperture near the anus.The urethra was not contracted in front of the orifice in its walls.The prostate gland was not enlarged; its ducts were dilated, and there were several small abscesses in its structure.There was extensive abscess in the subperitoneal cellular tissue.Worcestrr Gmeral 3nfrmarT. CASE RESEMBLING SOMNAMIBULISM.Under the care of Dr. NASII, one of the Physicians to the Infinnary.
False-Negative Bone Scans-Reply
Authors: Henry D. Covelli
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The primary intent of our article was to inform the clinician that false-negative scans do occur, possibly with an incidence greater than the often quoted figure of 3% to 5%. Explanation for this higher incidence of false-negativity was stated in our article; however, the most likely reason may relate to the use of the postmortem examination to identify metastases compared with using roentgenographic or needle biopsy determinations. Metastatic location may also be of considerable importance, since seven of our ten patients had abnormal bone scans in nonvertebral areas with 28 of 29 lesions being detected by scanning. Two of our patients did receive chemotherapy, although, as noted by Dr Gorten's references, the short-term effect of chemotherapy on the bone scan is at best poorly documented. However, unlike Dr Gorten, we think that systemic chemotherapy need not be "frequently included in the routine management of bronchogenic carcinoma," with small
Treatment of Herpesvirus Infections
Authors: William E. Rawls
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Members of the herpesvirus group that infect man include herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicellazoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Infections with these viruses are often asymptomatic or associated with a mild self-limiting illness. After primary infections, the viruses persist in a latent form. Recurrent lesions are caused by reactivation of the latent viruses, and recurrent lesions are especially common with the herpes simplex viruses. The recurrent lesions are usually localized and of limited duration; however, they may produce not only physical discomfort but considerable psychological distress, especially among patients with genital herpes. Occasionally, infections by these viruses are severe, as exemplified in herpes simplex encephalitis and by infections in the newborn. Severe infections are also observed in immunocompromised patients. Finally, evidence suggests that members of this group of viruses may be oncogenic. Thus, the need for effective methods of treating infections by members of the herpesvirus group
Gene Polymorphisms for Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1/Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Development of Allograft Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Raymond L. Benza, Hernan E. Grenett, Robert C. Bourge, James K. Kirklin, David C. Naftel, Pablo F. Castro, David C. McGiffin, James F. George, Francois M. Booyse
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Impaired fibrinolytic activity has been linked to the presence and severity of allograft vasculopathy (Tx CAD). This impairment may be associated with the presence of certain fibrinolytic protein gene polymorphisms.To investigate the relation between donor-specific fibrinolytic protein genotypes and Tx CAD, we identified donor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) HindIII and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphisms-based genotypes by Southern blot analysis in 48 recipients of cardiac allografts and correlated these genotypes with the development of CAD. No association was found between donor TPA genotypes and the presence of Tx CAD. Among the 48 patients, 17% were homozygous for the 1/1 PAI-1 genotype, 51% for the 2/2 PAI-1 genotype, and 32% for the 1/2 PAI-1 genotype. The actuarial freedom from any CAD for the recipients with each respective donor PAI-1 genotype at 12 and 24 months was 100% and 100% for the 1/1 PAI-1 genotype, 92% and 92% for the 1/2 PAI-1 genotype, and 75% and 45% for the 2/2 PAI-1 genotype (P=0.03). Recipients with a diseased 2/2 PAI-1 genotyped allograft had longer ischemic times (P=0.02) than those recipients with a Tx CAD-free allograft.These data suggest that recipients with a 2/2 PAI-1 genotype are at a significant risk of developing Tx CAD. This genotype may serve as a useful screening tool for predicting the future development of Tx CAD.
Minorities in Medicine: the Flexner Report-Reply
Authors: Herbert W. Nickens
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We concur with many of the sentiments expressed by Dr Hasbrouck. The<i>Flexner Report</i>played a significant role in the closure of a number of both majority and minority medical schools. Moreover, the report was certainly a product of its times, reflected both in its patronizing tone regarding black medical schools and black physicians and in its tacit acceptance of the apartheid that characterized much of turn of the century America. However, Flexner's assertion of the centrality of high standards of scientific and academic rigor in judging medical education is hardly a matter of dispute now. We assert in our Editorial that (1) affirmative action as currently practiced in our nation's medical schools does not compromise quality, and (2) the most important barrier now to the admission of more minorities to US medical schools is the fact that our nation's precollege education system is failing too many minority
Alimentary tract innervation deficits and dysfunction in mice lacking GDNF family receptor α2
Authors: Jari Rossi, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Vootele Võikar, Päivi H. Hiltunen, Mikael Segerstråle, Matti S. Airaksinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Subsets of parasympathetic and enteric neurons require neurturin signaling via glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α2 (GFRα2) for development and target innervation. Why GFRα2-deficient (Gfra2–/–) mice grow poorly has remained unclear. Here, we analyzed several factors that could contribute to the growth retardation. Neurturin mRNA was localized in the gut circular muscle. GFRα2 protein was expressed in most substance P–containing myenteric neurons, in most intrapancreatic neurons, and in surrounding glial cells. In the Gfra2–/– mice, density of substance P–containing myenteric ganglion cells and nerve bundles in the myenteric ganglion cell layer was significantly reduced, and transit of test material through small intestine was 25% slower compared to wild-type mice. Importantly, the knockout mice had approximately 80% fewer intrapancreatic neurons, severely impaired cholinergic innervation of the exocrine but not the endocrine pancreas, and increased fecal fat content. Vagally mediated stimulation of pancreatic secretion by 2-deoxy-glucose in vivo was virtually abolished. Retarded growth of the Gfra2–/– mice was accompanied by reduced fat mass and elevated basal metabolic rate. Moreover, the knockout mice drank more water than wild-type controls, and wet-mash feeding resulted in partial growth rescue. Taken together, the results suggest that the growth retardation in mice lacking GFRα2 is largely due to impaired salivary and pancreatic secretion and intestinal dysmotility.
Use of Swiss paediatric emergency department has grown
Authors: B. Laubscher
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Santos-Eggimann suggests that the increasing use of the emergency department in her Swiss hospital is mainly associated with an ageing population and immigration.1 The emergency department she analysed serves mainly adult patients. Her conclusions do not necessarily apply to children.

We recently reported the dramatic rise in the use of 10 state run paediatric casualty departments in the French speaking part of Switzerland, the region where Santos-Eggimann's analysis was performed.2 This increase (median 113% (range 16-264%) during 1990-9) is obviously not …
Preventing Exacerbations of COPD — Advice from Hippocrates
Authors: Nikolaos M. Siafakas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are devastating, life-threatening events; the 30-day mortality is greater than that with acute myocardial infarction (26% vs. 7.8%).1,2 Acute exacerbations of COPD dramatically change the course of the disease, since they are associated with a rapid decline in lung function and worsening quality of life.3 They also represent a substantial economic burden to society.3 Prevention of exacerbations remains a primary goal of management3 but is difficult because the cause of acute exacerbations of COPD remains largely unknown.4 Recent studies have shown that, when used properly, inhaled glucocorticoids, long-acting beta2 . . .
Defects of the respiratory chain in the normal human liver and in cirrhosis during aging
Authors: J Muller-Hocker, D Aust, H Rohrbach, J Napiwotzky, A Reith, T A Link, P Seibel, D Holzel, B Kadenbach
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Defects of the respiratory chain are a typical feature of mitochondrial diseases and occur also during normal aging where they have been described in postmitotic tissues. The present study addresses the question of defect expression in the normal and cirrhotic liver. Randomly distributed defects of complex III (ubiquinone-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase) and of complex IV (cytochrome-c-oxidase) of the respiratory chain have been detected with age-related increasing frequency both in normal and cirrhotic livers. No defects were present for complex II (succinate-dehydrogenase) and complex V (adenosine triphosphate-synthase) and in liver cell carcinomas. Sixty-one of 107 normal livers (57%) showed defects of the respiratory chain. The defects occurred in advanced age (over 50 years) in 87%. In contrast 50 of 64 cirrhotic livers (78%) had defects and approximately 60% occurred after age 50. The defects were caused by a loss of enzyme protein involving both nuclearly and mitochondrially coded subunits. Ninety-four percent of the defects (n = 275) involved complex IV selectively. In 4% selective defects of complex III were found and combined defects of both complexes occurred in only 2%. In situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies for the detection of the common deletion (4.977 bp) and of various point mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed no consistent molecular genetic abnormalities in microdissected respiratory chain defective liver cell areas. Single point mutations at nt 3243 and/or 5692 were found only in 7 of 18 microdissected probes from 6 patients. The results show that defects of the respiratory chain occur already in normal livers most probably during cell aging and at a higher rate in cirrhosis. The random defect pattern favors a stochastic process, e.g., free radical damage. However, the role of mutations of mtDNA remains to be established.
DNGR-1 is a specific and universal marker of mouse and human Batf3-dependent dendritic cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues
Authors: Lionel F. Poulin, Yasmin Reyal, Heli Uronen-Hansson, Barbara U. Schraml, David Sancho, Kenneth M. Murphy, Ulf K. Håkansson, Luis Ferreira Moita, William W. Agace, Dominique Bonnet, Caetano Reis e Sousa
Journal: Blood (2012)
Disease spectrum of cervical lymphadenitis: Analysis based on ultrasound-guided core-needle gun biopsy
Authors: Joon Young Song, Hee Jin Cheong, Sae Yoon Kee, Jacob Lee, Jang Wook Sohn, Min Ja Kim, Sang I.L. Seo, In Sun Kim, Woo Joo Kim
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Weight-reducing Effect of Diguanides in Obese Non-diabetic Women
Authors: J. F. Munro, A. C. MacCuish, A. Marshall, E. M. Wilson, L. J. P. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A double-blind trial was carried out to assess the weight-reducing effect of the diguanides in 90 women with refractory obesity and normal oral glucose tolerance. The daily dosage of phenformin and metformin was increased at weekly intervals up to 300 mg. and 3 g. respectively, and patients were maintained at this dose or on the maximum they could tolerate without anorexia or other gastrointestinal side-effects. Seventy-seven completed the 16-week period of study. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean weight change of the control and the treated groups, but no difference between those treated by phenformin or metformin. The weight-losing influence of the diguanides appeared to be no longer significant after the twelfth week of treatment.
Gas chromatographic-light microscopic correlative analysis of excimer laser photoablation of cardiovascular tissues: evidence for a thermal mechanism.
Authors: R H Clarke, J M Isner, R F Donaldson, G Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The present series of experiments used gas chromatography to identify vapor-phase photoproducts liberated during excimer laser irradiation of cardiovascular tissues in air and blood. In air, laser beams produced from ArF (193 nm) and XeF (351 nm) excimer laser gas mixtures were delivered to samples of myocardium and atherosclerotic coronary arterial segments through the wall of a quartz cell, using 8-40 mJ/pulse. In blood, 351 nm were delivered via an optical fiber, using 14 mJ/pulse. When the experiments were performed using an air-tissue interface, the dominant photoproducts identified in order of elution from the gas chromatographic column were methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propyne, allene, propylene, propane, and butene. When a fiberoptic was used to accomplish 351-nm excimer laser tissue ablation in a blood field, a similar gas chromatographic spectral distribution was observed. These vapor-phase photoproducts are indistinguishable from those observed following continuous wave laser irradiation or flame torching of cardiovascular tissues. Thus, despite the fact that excimer laser ablation of cardiovascular tissues is characterized by the absence of signs of thermal injury, the results of these experiments suggest that the predominant mechanism of excimer ablation is, like continuous-wave laser irradiation, a thermal process.
Health‐related quality of life in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD): A report from the comprehensive sickle cell centers clinical trial consortium
Authors: Carlton Dampier, Petra LeBeau, Seungshin Rhee, Susan Lieff, Karen Kesler, Samir Ballas, Zora Rogers, Winfred Wang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Adults with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) experience multiple disease-related complications, but few studies have examined relationships between these events and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We determined the number and type of previous or co-occurring SCD-related complications and their reported HRQOL in a cohort of 1,046 adults from the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC). Participants had a median age of 28.0 years (48% male, 73% SS or Sβ⁰ thalassemia) and had experienced several SCD-related complications (mean 3.8 ± 2.0), which were influenced by age, gender, and hemoglobinopathy type (P < 0.0001). In multivariate models, increasing age reduced all SF-36 scales scores (P < 0.05) except mental health, while female gender additionally diminished physical function and vitality scale scores (P < 0.01). Of possible complications, only vaso-occlusive crisis, asthma, or avascular necrosis diminished SF-36 scale scores. Chronic antidepressants usage predominantly diminished scores on bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health scales, whereas chronic opioid usage diminished all scale scores (P < 0.01). Our study documents substantial impairment of HRQOL in adults with SCD that was influenced by only a few of many possible medical complications. It suggests that more effective treatments of persistent pain and depression would provide the largest HRQOL benefit.