tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P38 The Impact of Ethnicity on Specific Airways Resistance (sRaw) in Children
Authors: J Kirkby, R Bonner, S Lum, S Sonnappa, J Stocks
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Plethysmographic Specific Airways Resistance (sRaw), which can be measured during tidal breathing without need for airway occlusion.<sup>[1]</sup> has been shown to discriminate between young healthy children and those with lung disease. Recent recommendations and reference data were, however, based on data from White children.<sup>[2]</sup> This could potentially bias interpretation if applied to children of other ethnicities. Nevertheless, since ethnic differences in lung and airway function have been shown to be proportional,<sup>[3]</sup> and since sRaw is internally adjusted for differences in resting lung volume, we hypothesised that there would be no ethnic differences in sRaw. <h3>Aim</h3> To compare sRaw between healthy Black and healthy White children of similar age. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty-six healthy Black children (64% male, mean (SD) age: 8.3(1.1) years) and 148 healthy White children (50% male, mean (SD) age: 7.3(1.4) years) underwent sRaw measurements in accordance with recent recommendations.[2] Results were expressed as Z-Scores to adjust for height, sex and age.[2] Paired t-tests were used to determine the impact of ethnicity on sRaw. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences in sRaw between healthy Black children and healthy White children (p=0.22). The mean (95% CI) difference (Black-White) for specific effective airways resistance (sReff)[2] was –0.2 Z-Scores (0.5; 0.1) (figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Since ethnic differences in sRaw do not occur, published sRaw reference equations derived from White children should be equally applicable when assessing Black children with lung disease. <h3>References</h3> Dab &amp; Alexander, <i>Pediatr Res</i>, 1976. Kirkby, <i>ERJ</i>, 2010. Quanjer ERJ 2012.
Evidence of unmet need in the care of severely physically disabled adults.
Authors: M. H. Williams, C. Bowie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To identify unmet needs in the care of severely disabled people aged 16-64.Detailed personal interview and physical assessment of physically disabled adults; personal or telephone interview with carers.Somerset Health District.181 severely disabled adults and their carers.Independence in activities of daily living; identity of requirements for assessing communication disorders; appropriate provision of services and allowances.53 (29.3%) of the 181 disabled subjects had unmet needs for aids to allow independence in activities of daily living-namely, 43% of subjects (41/95) with progressive disorders and 14% of subjects (12/86) with non-progressive disorders. The prevalence of unmet need was higher among subjects whose sole regular professional contact was with health services personnel (48 (40.3%) of 119 subjects). Only 18 (31.6%) of the 57 subjects with communication disorders had ever been assessed by a speech therapist.This study shows that the needs of severely physically disabled adults in the community--especially those with progressive disorders--are being monitored inadequately by health professionals.
FORMATION AND TOXICITY OF ANESTHETIC DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Authors: M.W. Anders
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2004)

▪ Abstract Toxic degradation products are formed from a range of old and modern anesthetic agents. The common element in the formation of degradation products is the reaction of the anesthetic agent with the bases in the carbon dioxide absorbents in the anesthesia circuit. This reaction results in the conversion of trichloroethylene to dichloroacetylene, halothane to 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, sevoflurane to 2-(fluoromethoxy)-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (Compound A), and desflurane, isoflurane, and enflurane to carbon monoxide. Dichloroacetylene, 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, and Compound A form glutathione S-conjugates that undergo hydrolysis to cysteine S-conjugates and bioactivation of the cysteine S-conjugates by renal cysteine conjugate β-lyase to give nephrotoxic metabolites. The elucidation of the mechanisms of formation and bioactivation of degradation products has allowed for the safe use of anesthetics that may undergo degradation in the anesthesia circuit.
Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction: Effect of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 1 Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Guiting Lin, Huixi Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jianwen Wang, Uwais Zaid, Melissa T. Sanford, Victor Tu, Alex Wu, Lin Wang, Fei Tian, Helen Kotanides, Venkatesh Krishnan, Guifang Wang, Hongxiu Ning, Lia Banie, Ching-Shwun Lin, Gary G. Deng, Tom F. Lue
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Replacement and reactive myocardial fibrosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with right ventricular biopsy
Authors: Simon Schalla, Sebastiaan C. Bekkers, Robert Dennert, Robert J. van Suylen, Johannes Waltenberger, Tim Leiner, Joachim Wildberger, Harry J. Crijns, Stephane Heymans
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Authors' reply to Mangin and colleagues
Authors: S. O'Brien, A. Rapkin, L. Dennerstein, T. Nevatte
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It has been called to our attention that our statement that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have not been shown to be teratogenic is in error.1

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cross the placenta and are found in breast milk.2 Although the risk of major malformations is very low, the severity of the potential structural and behavioural risks for the infant associated with taking SSRIs and selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the first trimester of pregnancy is real and must be weighed against the risks associated with severe depression and anxiety in pregnancy. …
Issues for American Internal Medicine Through the Last Century
Authors: ROSEMARY STEVENS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The content, role, and purpose of internal medicine, organized as an American specialty 100 years ago, have been marked by ambivalence from the beginning. Nevertheless, molded to a large extent by external events, including the strategic and symbolic importance of surgery in American medicine, the rise of university medical schools, development of other specialties, and, more recently, the demand for primary care and the incentives built into reimbursement schemes and organized health care systems, internal medicine has become a powerful entity in American medicine. Its role in the future is likely to be more influential than in the past, both in policy and substantive areas. Continuing tensions in internal medicine include uncertainties about the relation between generalism and specialism, primary care and subspecialties, and internal medicine and general medicine.
Can preinfarction angina limit infarct size in patients with a first Q-wave myocardial infaction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty?
Authors: Giuseppe Calveri, Carlo N. Dajelli Ermolli, Ylenia Bertelli, Salvatore Caico, Alberto Limido, Jorge A. Uriarte-Salerno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Recruiting Minorities Into Clinical Trials Toward a Participant-Friendly System
Authors: G. M. Swanson, A. J. Ward
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Recruiting Minorities Into Clinical Trials Toward a Participant-Friendly System Get access G. Marie Swanson, G. Marie Swanson Cancer Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing Correspondence to : G. Marie Swanson, Ph.D., M.P.H., Cancer Center, Michigan State University, A-128 E. Fee Hall, East Lansing, M1 48824. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Amy J. Ward Amy J. Ward Department of Anthropology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 23, 6 December 1995, Pages 1747–1759, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.23.1747 Published: 06 December 1995 Article history Received: 12 May 1995 Revision received: 28 August 1995 Accepted: 15 September 1995 Published: 06 December 1995
Continuity of Care
Authors: Joseph S. Gonnella
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Continuity of care is of value only to the extent that it has an impact on the outcome of care, the prevention or reduction of physical, mental, or social disabilities, the satisfaction of patients, and the costs of care. It is important that research studies include patients with a broad range of social characteristics and that costs as well as health care benefits be measured. An accountability model describing the contributions of physicians, health care institutions, patients, and the local community to health outcomes is recommended. The following three principles are outlined for the evaluation of health care: (1) determine the patient's health status before and after care, (2) use appropriate measures of health outcomes, and (3) consider potential effects of factors extrinsic to medical care.
Survival Following Massive Barbiturate Ingestion
Authors: Martin Terplan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

BARBITURATE intoxication is becoming increasingly common. The prevalence of unsuccessful suicide attempts in this country has been reported to be almost 4% of the general urban population, 1 and, at least in San Francisco, drug ingestion is the most commonly used method for suicide. 2 This report concerns a patient who ingested 20 gm of amobarbital (Amytal) with a measured level of barbiturate in the blood of 16 mg/100 ml. To our knowledge, survival after a dose of this magnitude has not been recorded.  Report of a Case  A 52-year-old single, white man, a known hypertensive diabetic, was admitted comatose and apneic to a community hospital approximately two hours after having ingested one hundred 0.2-gm amobarbital capsules. His initial management included placement of an indwelling bladder catheter, an endotracheal tube with positive pressure breathing, and fluids including mannitol and metaraminol (Aramine) bitartrate via venous cutdowns. An attempt to pass a
District Nursing Sister Attached to Hospital Surgical Department
Authors: L. Hockey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

An experiment of attaching a district nursing sister to the surgical department of a general hospital was designed to show the use of the district nursing service for the after-care of patients discharged from hospital after surgical treatment. In a 15-week period about 590 bed days were saved, and only six out of 126 patients discharged early had to be readmitted. Most of the patients and the general practitioners who replied to questionaries about the scheme were in favour of it.
Inhibition of Hepatic Metastasis of Colon Carcinoma by Asialo Gm1-Positive Cells in the Liver
Authors: Yasushi Shiratori, Ryo Nakata, Ken'ichi Okano, Yutaka Komatsu, Shuichiro Shiina, Tateo Kawase, Tsuneaki Sugimoto, Masao Omata, Mitsugu Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study investigates the role of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells in inhibiting hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma (colon adenocarcinoma 38) in mice after administration of a biological response modifier, streptococcal derivative (OK432). Administration of OK432 increased the number of asialo GM1-positive cells in the liver, enhanced natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and reduced the number of hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma inoculated into the superior mesenteric vein. Administration of antiserum against asialo GM1 reduced the number of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells, abolished natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and increased the number of hepatic metastases. In addition, administration of antiserum against asialo GM1 even after OK432 treatment also decreased the number of asialo GM1-positive cells, reduced natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and increased the number of hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma. However, administration of gadolinium chloride, which suppresses phagocytic function of Kupffer cells, did not influence the natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells or the number of hepatic metastases. In vivo tumor-neutralization assay revealed that tumor growth was inhibited by the hepatic mononuclear asialo GM1-positive cells, but not by T lymphocytes or Kupffer cells after OK432 administration. These results suggest that an increased number of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells after administration of OK432 plays an important role in protecting against metastasis of colon carcinoma in the liver.
Increase in Fibrinogen and Fibrin-Related Antigen in Human Serum Due to In Vitro Lysis of Fibrin by Thrombin
Authors: Clarence Merskey, Alan J. Johnson, Parviz Lalezari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

In vitro lysis of fibrin, as indicated by increased fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (FR-antigen) in serum is usually seen when whole blood, or plasma, or highly purified fibrinogen prepared by several different procedures is clotted and kept at temperatures above 0°C. This increase is both time and temperature dependent, occurs despite the addition of various plasmin and cathepsin inhibitors, and is probably caused by thrombin evolved during clotting and/or added in vitro. In these experiments, the FR-antigen was measured by a sensitive, reproducible hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay adapted to the AutoAnalyzer. Serum from whole blood contained more than serum from plasma, and fibrin rather than fibrinogen proved to be essential for the in vitro lysis. The phenomenon was also caused by Arvin or Reptilase, suggesting that splitting of one or more arginine or lysine bonds in fibrin may be at least partially responsible. To obtain minimal levels of FR-antigen (< 0.5 μg/ml), plasma is clotted for 4 hr at 0°C with 1.0-5.0 U/ml thrombin, CaCl2 (0.0125 mole/liter), and epsilon aminocaproic acid (0.05 mole/liter). Slightly higher levels, probably adequate for clinical diagnosis, are obtained by 10-30 min clotting at room temperature. Since endogenous and/or exogenous thrombin is essential for the collection of serum FR-antigen, all the FR-antigen found in normal serum probably results from an irreducible amount of in vitro lysis rather than from continuous intravascular clotting and fibrinolysis.
Inhibition of NF-κB essentially contributes to arsenic-induced apoptosis
Authors: Stephan Mathas, Andreas Lietz, Martin Janz, Michael Hinz, Franziska Jundt, Claus Scheidereit, Kurt Bommert, Bernd Dörken
Journal: Blood (2003)

Abstract Arsenic can induce apoptosis and is an efficient drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Currently, clinical studies are investigating arsenic as a therapeutic agent for a variety of malignancies. In this study, Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cell lines served as model systems to characterize the role of nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) in arsenic-induced apoptosis. Arsenic rapidly down-regulated constitutive IκB kinase (IKK) as well as NF-κB activity and induced apoptosis in HRS cell lines containing functional IκB proteins. In these cell lines, apoptosis was blocked by inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3–like activity. Furthermore, arsenic treatment down-regulated NF-κB target genes, including tumor necrosis factor-αreceptor–associated factor 1 (TRAF1), c-IAP2, interleukin-13 (IL-13), and CCR7. In contrast, cell lines with mutated, functionally inactive IκB proteins or with a weak constitutive IKK/NF-κB activity showed no alteration of the NF-κB activity and were resistant to arsenic-induced apoptosis. A direct role of the NF-κB pathway in arsenic-induced apoptosis is shown by transient overexpression of NF-κB–p65 in L540Cy HRS cells, which protected the cells from arsenic-induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment of NOD/SCID mice with arsenic trioxide induced a dramatic reduction of xenotransplanted L540Cy Hodgkin tumors concomitant with NF-κB inhibition. We conclude that inhibition of NF-κB contributes to arsenic-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB activity might be a powerful treatment option for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Aortic Event Rate in the Marfan Population
Authors: Guillaume Jondeau, Delphine Detaint, Florence Tubach, Florence Arnoult, Olivier Milleron, Francois Raoux, Gabriel Delorme, Lea Mimoun, Laura Krapf, Dalil Hamroun, Christophe Beroud, Carine Roy, Alec Vahanian, Catherine Boileau
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Optimal management, including timing of surgery, remains debated in Marfan syndrome because of a lack of data on aortic risk associated with this disease.We used our database to evaluate aortic risk associated with standardized care. Patients who fulfilled the international criteria, had not had previous aortic surgery or dissection, and came to our center at least twice were included. Aortic measurements were made with echocardiography (every 2 years); patients were given systematic β-blockade and advice about sports activities. Prophylactic aortic surgery was proposed when the maximal aortic diameter reached 50 mm. Seven hundred thirty-two patients with Marfan syndrome were followed up for a mean of 6.6 years. Five deaths and 2 dissections of the ascending aorta occurred during follow-up. Event rate (death/aortic dissection) was 0.17%/y. Risk rose with increasing aortic diameter measured within 2 years of the event: from 0.09%/y per year (95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.20) when the aortic diameter was <40 mm to 0.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.71) with diameters of 45 to 49 mm and 1.33% (95% confidence interval, 0.00-3.93) with diameters of 50 to 54 mm. The risk increased 4 times at diameters ≥50 mm. The annual risk dropped below 0.05% when the aortic diameter was <50 mm after exclusion of a neonatal patient, a woman who became pregnant against our recommendation, and a 72-year-old woman with previous myocardial infarction.Risk of sudden death or aortic dissection remains low in patients with Marfan syndrome and aortic diameter between 45 and 49 mm. Aortic diameter of 50 mm appears to be a reasonable threshold for prophylactic surgery.
CX3CR1 regulates intestinal macrophage homeostasis, bacterial translocation, and colitogenic Th17 responses in mice
Authors: Oscar Medina-Contreras, Duke Geem, Oskar Laur, Ifor R. Williams, Sergio A. Lira, Asma Nusrat, Charles A. Parkos, Timothy L. Denning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, affect approximately 1 million people in the United States. Uncontrolled APC reactivity toward commensal bacteria is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. A number of functionally distinct APC populations exist in the mucosal lamina propria (LP) below the intestinal epithelium, but their relative contributions to inflammation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate in mice important roles for the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in maintaining LP macrophage populations, preventing translocation of commensal bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs), and limiting colitogenic Th17 responses. CX3CR1 was found to be expressed in resident LP macrophages (defined as CD11b(+)F4/80(+)) but not DCs (defined as CD11c(+)CD103(+)). LP macrophage frequency and number were decreased in two strains of CX3CR1-knockout mice and in mice deficient in the CX3CR1 ligand CX3CL1. All these knockout strains displayed markedly increased translocation of commensal bacteria to mLNs. Additionally, the severity of DSS-induced colitis was dramatically enhanced in the knockout mice as compared with controls. Disease severity could be limited by either administration of neutralizing IL-17A antibodies or transfer of CX3CR1-sufficient macrophages. Our data thus suggest key roles for the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis in the intestinal mucosa; further clarification of CX3CR1 function will likely direct efforts toward therapeutic intervention for mucosal inflammatory disorders such as IBD.
LEPROSY IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Authors: JUDSON DALAND
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Leprosy has existed in all the islands of Hawaii for many years and was first officially recognized in 1840, and there is general belief that it was imparted from China. As the disease spread rapidly, a board of health was organized in December, 1850, with power to insist on segregation of all persons suffering from this affection, in consequence of which act the malady is gradually disappearing. All leprosy suspects are sent to Kalihi, a receiving hospital near Honolulu, where they are examined by a medical board and all lepers are transferred to Molokai. Despite the earnest efforts of the board of health, an unknown number of lepers exist in the different islands of Hawaii, which number, however, is steadily decreasing, and is now smaller than at any time in the past. Many of the suspects present conditions rendering diagnosis extremely difficult. This is especially true in certain of the
Significant coronary stenosis detected by coronary computed angiography in asymptomatic HIV infected subjects
Authors: Gabriella d’Ettorre, Marco Francone, Massimo Mancone, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Adriano Ascarelli, Francesco Vullo, Silvia Baroncelli, M. Clementina Galluzzo, Carlo Catalano, Stefano Strano, Francesco Fedele, Claudio Mastroianni, Lucia Palmisano, Vincenzo Vullo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Physiotherapy and electromyography in muscle cramp.
Authors: P Helin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Four cases of muscle cramps, at a sports institute, are presented. Electric activity was increased in cramp due to overload. The influence of stretching, electro- and compression therapies on these increased Electromyographic (EMG) activities was studied. The registration was performed with an EMG-analyser combined with a recorder, using surface electrodes.