tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fiber Intake and Risk of Developing Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jerry L. Nadler
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Salmerón and colleagues<sup>1</sup>provides important new information regarding dietary factors associated with the development of NIDDM. The authors in their "Comment" section, suggest the possible inverse association between the intake of magnesium and the development of NIDDM. However, the authors state that, "The high correlation between cereal fiber and magnesium may not permit a clear separation of the independent effect of magnesium from that of cereal fiber intake." We have conducted several studies to directly evaluate the effects of magnesium on insulin sensitivity and the development of NIDDM. Induction of isolated experimental dietary human magnesium deficiency in normal male volunteers led to insulin resistance,<sup>2</sup>a major feature of NIDDM. Furthermore, we recently conducted 2 studies in rat models. In 1 study, correction of the reduced magnesium content in a commercially available high-fructose low-magnesium diet completely normalized insulin resistance.<sup>3</sup>In addition, a diet high
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Gaucher Disease With Right-to-Left Shunt
Authors: JEONG-HEE KIM, CHAN H. PARK, MOON-SUN PAI, MYUNG-HO HAHN, HYON-JU KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Hepatomegaly is a common manifestation in Gaucher disease. In some patients with the disease, hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension are observed. A patient with Gaucher disease with the hepatopulmonary syndrome associated with severe cyanosis and hypoxemia was examined for intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt using Tc-99m MAA. Quantitative evaluation revealed an approximately 50% right to left shunt as indicated by Tc-99m MAA activity in the lungs and systemic organs.
The AIDS Litigation Project
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

EVERY major government,<sup>1,2</sup>medical,<sup>3,4</sup>public health,<sup>5</sup>and legal<sup>6,7</sup>organization to issue a report on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has condemned discrimination because it violates basic tenets of individual justice and is detrimental to the public health. Discrimination based on an infectious condition is just as inequitable as discrimination based on race, gender, or handicap. In each case, people are treated inequitably not because they lack inherent ability, but solely because of a status over which they have no control. Complex and often pernicious mythologies develop about the nature, cause, and transmission of disease. As the Supreme Court has recognized, "society's accumulated myths and fears about disability and disease are just as handicapping as are the physical limitations that flow from actual impairment. Few aspects of handicap give rise to the same level of public fear and misapprehension as contagiousness."<sup>8</sup> Persons infected with HIV
Shift of HIV Tropism in Stem-Cell Transplantation with <i>CCR5</i> Delta32 Mutation
Authors: Lambros Kordelas, Jens Verheyen, Dietrich W Beelen, Peter A Horn, Andreas Heinold, Rolf Kaiser, Rudolf Trenschel, Dirk Schadendorf, Ulf Dittmer, Stefan Esser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Bassett et al. (June 5 issue) 1 describe a case of a child who was poisoned by e-cigarette refill liquid.In California, we have also seen a dramatic increase in telephone calls to poison control centers because of exposures to nicotine solution; there were 35 total cases of exposure in the period from 2010 through 2012 2 and 105 cases in 2013 alone.In 2013, exposure to nicotine refill solution was involved in 18% of all cases.Reported exposure to this solution in 10 children resulted in hospital evaluation in 7 and mild nicotine poisoning in 3. Children were not the only victims; 4 adults mistakenly instilled nicotine refill solution into their eyes instead of eyedrops, resulting in considerable but transient irritation in each case.In addition, systemic symptoms of nicotine poisoning developed in 3 adults after they spilled nicotine refill solution on their skin.There is currently no federal legislation with respect to labeling or packaging of nicotine refill solution.Given the high toxicity of nicotine and the widespread availability of nicotine refill solution, perhaps these products should fall under the umbrella of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act and thus be sold in child-resistant packaging.
Life imitates literature
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors have been murderers in literature, as in life. Among the former is Dr Charles Alavoine in Georges Simenon’s Letter to My Judge , published in 1947. The book is in the form of a letter addressed by Alavoine to his juge d’instruction , explaining why he strangled his lover. There is a short appendix, in the form of a newspaper report describing how, because of his good behaviour in prison and his professional qualifications, Dr Alavoine was given duties in the prison hospital. This allowed him access to the poisons cupboard, and he then took a fatal dose of its contents.

Dr Alavoine was not a leading light of our profession. Once qualified, he rarely looked at a medical journal, though he …
Troubled Past of 'Invisible' Profession
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NURSING in the United States is a paradox. It is the most populous profession in health care, with 2.1 million registered nurses alone; yet it has undergone repeated cycles of shortage and oversupply, with shortage the current order of the day. The development of trained nurses helped make possible the rise of both the modern hospital and modern medicine, yet nursing has been a relatively powerless part of health care. Ninety-seven percent of nurses are female and 91% are non-Hispanic whites, yet nursing has been divided internally from the beginning. Often its members have spent more time fighting each other than any outside enemy. And although it is critical to most patient care, nursing's profile is quite low. In the summer 1987 issue of<i>Inquiry</i>, Claire Fagin, PhD, dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, wrote: "As patient needs become greater, requiring more and better-educated nurses, the
Government “has ignored” MPs' recommendations on mental health law
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Plans for new mental health legislation for England and Wales are “unworkable, misconceived, and would violate fundamental human rights,” the Law Society warned last week.

The solicitors' professional body joined psychiatrists and mental health charities in condemning the government's decision to retain the most controversial elements of its Mental Health Bill, despite the recommendations of a joint committee of MPs and peers who looked at the bill in draft from.

The Law Society said the government, which published its response to the joint parliamentary scrutiny committee's report on the bill last week, had ignored most of the committee's …
Parliament to look again at issue of "assisted dying" for terminally ill patients
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Parliament is to re-examine the question of helping terminally ill people to die, 10 years after the possibility of making it legal was rejected by the House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics. The House of Lords Liaison Committee has recommended that a new ad hoc select committee be set up to consider changes in public perception of the issue and the experience of other countries.

The Patient (Assisted Dying) Bill was put before the House of Lords as a private member's bill by the cross party peer Lord Joffe in February and was the subject of …
THE CURATIVE EFFECT OF SALVARSAN SERUM IN A CASE OF SYPHILIS
Authors: C. Gibbs, E. S. Calthrop
Journal: BMJ (1911)

I Thz Bunm 809 MEDICALL JOURNALx 809 which was closed without drainage.The wound healed per primam, and the vein, after discharging for three days, became completely obliterated five days after the oneration.From the date of the jugular operation the patient had neither circulatory nor thermic disturbance, and seemed quiite comfortable.On October 15th he complained of his sight being dim and *.f being unable to read his papers.His eyes were examined for the first time by us and by Mr. Wilfrid Lawson, ophthalmic surgeon to the hospital.He had intense double optic neuritis.We decided to relieve his pressure by lumbar puncture.At the first tapping his oerebro-spinal fluid pressure was 13 in.by Eve's instrument; 3iv were removed, and the pressure reduced to 1 in.He was thus tapped successively on November end, 5th, and 10tb, removing on each occasion 3vi, 5iv, and 3viij respeo tively, and leaving the pressure at I in.every time.The improvement after each aspiration was marked but transient, and so we deoided to submit him to a subtemporal deoompressive operation.On removing.the disc of bone, the dura bulged out of the opening, but no pulsations were discernible.March 3rd.18 c-m. of a similar sernm were administered.Genitalia much better, coodylomats flatter and drier.The patient was fepling much better in healtb.March 8th. 25c.cm. of a similar iDjection from a patient seven days after an injection of salvarsan.Weight 5st.13 lb.March 12th.10 c.cm. of a similar injection.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Door Key Child&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Carolyn J. Hildreth
Journal: JAMA (2009)

On April 15, 2009, artist Elizabeth Catlett turned 94. Born in Washington, DC, she continues to be active traveling, speaking, and undoubtedly mentoring in the arts, having had a long career creating and teaching in the United States, and in Mexico where she now lives.
Assessing cardiac risk of vascular surgery: a simple Bayesian model using clinical markers and results of preoperative dobutamine echocardiography
Authors: S. Sonnad, K.A. Eagle, E. Boersma, P. Nath, D. Karavite, P. Russman, G. L'Italien, D. Poldermans
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Radionuclide Ventriculographic Quantitation of Left Ventricular Dimensions
Authors: LYNN D. MADANAY, MANUEL D. CERQUEIRA, ARNOLD F. JACOBSON, DALE MATSUOKA, MILES MATSUDA, JOHN R. STRATTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Left ventricular internal cavity dimensions (LVID) were determined from radionuclide ventriculographic (RNVG) studies using a spatial calibration algorithm and visually defined edges and were compared to the results from two-dimensional echocardiography. Routine clinical cases were used with no additional views and no attenuation or scatter correction. In an initial set of 21 patients, mean RNVG LVlD was 5.7 k 1.1 (mean k 1 S.D.) cm compared to 5.3 k 1.0 cm for echocardiography. In a prospective validation of the regression equations derived in the initial set of patients, regression-corrected RNVG results were within 5 mm of those determined echocardiographically in 18/22 patients and the mean LVlD values were the same. Quantitative estimation of LVlD by RNVG is simple, rapid, and reproducible. Systematic overestimation of dimensions compared to echocardiography can be corrected using a regression equation.
Preventing Coronary Involvement in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: John J. Calabro
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We congratulate Dr Koren and associates for their informative report on the efficacy of high-dose salicylates in reducing coronary involvement in Kawasaki disease (KD).<sup>1</sup>Failure of the Japanese to document this concept earlier is clearly related to dosage; ie, 30 mg/ kg/day of salicylate is at best analgesic and in no way anti-inflammatory. Like Koren and co-workers, we have also found that high-dose salicylate therapy not only abolishes the high fever of KD but also lowers the incidence of subsequent cardiac involvement.<sup>2-4</sup>In fact, of 35 patients with KD followed up since January 1978, none have developed permanent cardiac sequelae. All have received anti-inflammatory quantities of aspirin, achieving serum salicylate levels between 12 and 25 mg/dL. Most children received upward of 100 mg/ kg/day (range, 80 to 150 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses until they were well (afebrile) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to
Risk factors and impact of Clostridium difficile infection in acute severe colitis needing hospitalization
Authors: M. Robinson, R. Meigh, G. Barlow, S. Sebastian
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Limited data is available on the disease specific risk factors and the impact of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> when patients are admitted with a flare up of ulcerative colitis. We aimed to study a cohort of hospitalised patients admitted with acute severe colitis with concomitant <i>C difficile</i> infection in order to identify the disease specific risk factors and clinical outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> From microbiology database over a 5-year period containing all <i>C difficile</i> positive results, patients with an established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were included. Control group consisted of patients with acute severe colitis admitted to hospital during the same time period with a negative <i>C difficile</i> toxin assay result during the index admission. Demographic features, presence of predetermined risk factors, duration of hospital stay and outcomes were reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> 2612 patients with positive <i>C difficile</i> toxin were identified over the 5 year period of which 48 (1.8%) had pre-existing established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Among patients with UC and C. difficile infection (group A), 3 (6.3%) patients were tested to have positive <i>C difficile</i> toxin in outpatients preadmission. The remaining 45 (one patient excluded) had a positive test during hospitalisation. When compared with controls of UC patients without C. difficile (group B), group A patients were of older age (mean 44.6 years vs. 29.3 years, p= 0.001), had a longer history of colitis (mean 6.2 years vs 2.4 years, p= 0.01) and more had pre-existing pan colitis (36/47 vs 23/47, p= 0.041). In addition, patients in group A had higher frequency of antibiotic use within six months (72% vs 15%, p= 0.001) and a higher proportion had hospitalizations within the previous 6 months (26/47 vs 7/47, p= 0.001). There was no significant difference in use of steroids, 5 ASAs, thiopurines and biologicals. The differentiating clinical features at admission in those with C. difficile were the presence of fever and abdominal pain. Pseudo membrane was recorded in 2 of 27 patients who had sigmoidoscopy. The duration of hospital stay was higher in group A (median 16 days, range 5–43 days) when compared to group B (median 8 days, range 4– 14 days). There was no difference in colectomy rates with two patients from group A and three patients from group B undergoing colectomy. There was no mortality in either group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Clostridium difficile infection in admitted patients with ulcerative colitis leads to prolonged hospital stay but does not seem to increase mortality or colectomy rates. In addition to the known risk factors in general population, duration and extend of colitis may be additional risk factors for <i>C difficile</i> infection in patients with UC. The relevance of testing for <i>C difficile</i> during flare up of colitis in an outpatient setting is unclear.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Management Strategies
Authors: Ellen R. Gaynor, John E. Ultmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a diverse group of diseases with varying morphologic, chromosomal, immunologic, and clinical characteristics. This diversity has prompted the development of several classification systems over the years, at times adding confusion to the understanding of a complex group of diseases. The International Working Formulation1 has recently been adopted. This classification system attempts to unify the architectural, immunologic, and clinical features of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas into a meaningful and workable schema. Table 1 outlines the major categories in this classification, as well as the older one of Rappaport.2 By and large, each type of lymphoma in the International Working Formulation . . .
Glomerular permeability barrier in the rat. Functional assessment by in vitro methods.
Authors: B S Daniels, W M Deen, G Mayer, T Meyer, T H Hostetter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate is dependent on the prevailing hemodynamic forces within the glomerular microcirculation and the intrinsic properties of the filtration barrier. However, direct assessment of the permeability barrier is difficult with most available techniques. We used confocal microscopy to image 1-micron thick optical cross-sections of isolated intact glomeruli and glomeruli denuded of cells and quantitated dextran (70,000 mol wt) diffusion from the capillary lumen. Dextran permeance was 11 times greater for the acellular filtration barrier than the intact peripheral capillary. Consideration of the basement membrane and cells as series resistors demonstrated that cells of the filtration barrier contribute 90% of the total resistance to macromolecular permeance. Using a different approach, dextran sieving coefficients for acellular glomeruli consolidated as a multilayer sheet in a filtration cell were similar to those for intact glomeruli in vivo at radii 30-36 A and approximately 50 times greater at a dextran radius of 60 A. The presence of cells significantly reduced hydraulic permeability determined on consolidated intact or acellular glomeruli in an ultrafiltration cell with 50 mmHg applied pressure. The glomerular basement membrane does restrict macromolecular permeability but cells are important determinants of the overall macromolecular and hydraulic permeability of the glomerulus.
Overtreatment, over here
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

How much of what we offer to patients is unnecessary?Worse still, how much harm do we do to individuals and society through overtreatment?In the 30 years since Ivan Illich wrote his seminal and, at the time, shocking book Medical Nemesis, the idea that medicine can do clinical and societal harm as well as good has become commonplace.But are we doing enough to bring medicine's harmful hubris under control?
Abstract 2570: Role of PPAR gamma in chemoprevention of renal cell carcinomas by omega-3 fatty acids
Authors: Mary L. Taub, Facundo Cutuli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the tenth most prevalent cancer, accounting for 80% of all renal cancers. Recent results of a 15.3 year epidemiological study indicate that a diet of fatty fish offers significant protection against RCC, results which were attributed to omega-3 fatty acids. The question arises as to the molecular mechanisms by which such omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effect. Our hypothesis is that omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effects by activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), which in turn reduce the level of expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF). The level of HIF increases as a consequence of mutations in the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene, which is key to the development of RCCs. In order to begin to examine this hypothesis, primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells have been examined with regards to their growth responses to PPAR agonists (as the RCC is of renal proximal tubule origin). Fibrate drugs and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been identified which have a high affinity for two different classes of PPARs, PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma, respectively. We have observed that troglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist, caused a 4-fold increase in growth a concentration range of 10-6 to 5 x 10-6 M. A physiologically produced PPAR gamma agonist, Prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), was also growth stimulatory, albeit to a lesser extent. In contrast, fenofibrate, a PPAR alpha agonist, had no significant affect. In order to examine our hypothesis that PPAR gamma activation affects signaling through HIF, transient transfection studies were conducted with HRE-Luc, a HIF regulatory element/reporter construct. The level of expression of HRE-Luc increases during hypoxia, leading to metabolic changes that promote tumorigenesis. Our studies with HRE-Luc indicate that 5 x 10-6 M troglitazone reduces the increase in HRE-Luc gene expression by over 50%. Similarly, troglitazone prevented the increase in HIF which occurs under normoxia in the presence of the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2570. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2570
Identification of a 3-gene model as a powerful diagnostic tool for the recognition of ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Luca Agnelli, Elisabetta Mereu, Elisa Pellegrino, Tania Limongi, Ivo Kwee, Elisa Bergaggio, Maurilio Ponzoni, Alberto Zamò, Javeed Iqbal, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Antonino Neri, Wing C. Chan, Stefano Pileri, Francesco Bertoni, Giorgio Inghirami, Roberto Piva
Journal: Blood (2012)
Bilateral Optic Neuropathy and Osteolytic Sinusitis
Authors: Nancy M. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

COCAINE is a naturally occurring alkaloid of the coca plant<i>Erythroxylon coca</i>. Its psychopharmacological properties are due to stimulation of the central and sympathetic nervous systems by augmentation of the normal effects of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. The Incas chewed coca leaves prior to 1000ADto "satisfy the hunger, provide the weary and fainting with new vigor and cause the unhappy to forget their miseries."<sup>1</sup> Recent increases in the production, trafficking, and use of cocaine have brought concomitant increases in associated medical problems.<sup>2,3</sup> The usual routes of illicit cocaine use are intranasal, intravenous, and inhalational. Each has unique medical hazards.<sup>4,5</sup>We describe a patient with unusual ophthalmic and otolaryngologic complications related to long-term intranasal abuse of cocaine. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 43-year-old man was referred to the Neuro-ophthalmology Service with bilateral decreased visual acuity and asymmetric optic nerve head swelling. The patient had noticed progressive
Culture of Normal Human Leukocytes
Authors: George E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Rapidly growing and apparently permanent cultures were established from hematopoietic cells from two staff members with no known malignant disease. The cell lines were similar to those derived from leukocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies of either hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic origin and to the lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. Both cell lines contained a herpetic-like virus (leukovirus), produced immunoglobulins, and grew rapidly in various suspension cultures.
Vesicular Stomatitis and Exanthem
Authors: Robert L. Magoffin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

An unusual illness of children characterized in a typical case by slight malaise, fever, and discrete vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet, occurred in many areas of California and possibly other western states, during the summer of 1959. In 33 cases observed in this study, the oral lesions resembled those of herpangina, but the syndrome was distinguishable from herpangina by the frequent presence of lesions on the buccal mucosa and tongue and also, in 8 cases, by the presence of a maculovesicular exanthem. Evidence of infection with a Coxsackie virus, group A, type 16, was found in 11 of 15 cases in which viral studies were done. This syndrome is not known to have been recorded previously in the United States, but a localized outbreak of a similar disease, likewise attributed to Coxsackie A16 virus, occurred in Toronto, Canada, in 1957.