tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rhinitis: do diagnostic criteria affect the prevalence and treatment?
Authors: D.‐Y. Wang, M. Niti, J. D. Smith, K. H. Yeoh, T. P. Ng
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Rhinitis is one of the world's most common health problems. Diagnostic criteria used in community surveys may affect reported prevalence and treatment. Methods: A proportionately stratified random sample study was performed to investigate the prevalence, comorbidities and management of community‐based patients with rhinitis in the tropical urban city of Singapore. Results: The prevalence of at least one, two, three, or four nasal symptoms on most days during the past year in our study population was 25.5%, 13.1%, 6.5%, and 3.0%, respectively. Based on the definition of ‘rhinitis’ by the International Consensus Report (ICR), the prevalence was 13.1% in Singapore. There was significantly higher prevalence of self‐reported allergy, asthma, and common cold/influenza‐like illness among the rhinitis group. In the 53% of rhinitis subjects seeking for medical help, 71% visited a primary care physician and 20% an otolaryngologist. Treatments as reported by patients were decongestants (topical or oral) 27%, antibiotics 12%, antihistamines 6%, nasal steroids 3%, surgery 2%, traditional methods 28%, and 22% did not know what medication they had. Subjects considered the effectiveness of treatment unsatisfactory because the majority of them had only partial or no relief with any treatment. Conclusions: The standardization of the definition of rhinitis in epidemiological studies is of crucial importance, especially when comparing the prevalence between studies. Appropriate patient education by physicians with a good understanding of the nature of rhinitis and the available treatment options (e.g. evidenced‐based efficacy, safety, and a good cost‐benefit ratio) will maximize patient compliance and treatment outcomes.
Freezing and antilymphocytic globulin.
Authors: W J Dempster
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICALJOTRNALwas isolated from one of these and this animal was therefore also sold on the open market.Further samples at this stage were negative, and over the following months a series of doubt- ful positive M.R.T.s culminating in a single positive guinea-pig were the only results of much hard work.The positive test obtained through the guinea-pig was of course useless owing to the time interval, for the law requires action within 42 days.The discovery of more strongly positive M.R.T.s, together with the history of the herd, determined the medical officer of health to take action.Accordingly a pasteurization order was imposed and fortunately Br. abortus was cultured a day or two later, confirming the justice of the order.At the end of 12 months the balance-sheet read as follows: On the debit side the labora- tory had, in the course of the year, examined some 500 specimens from the farm.This
Role of intestinal microflora in colonic pseudoobstruction complicating jejunoileal bypass.
Authors: R E Barry, A W Chow, J Billesdon
Journal: Gut (1977)

A double-blind crossover study using placebo and antibiotics effective against either aerobic or anaerobic organisms has been performed to elucidate the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of colonic pseudo-obstruction, which is now established as an important complication of jejunoileal bypass. Using strict Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) technique, quantitative bacterial studies of the intestinal flora in the region of bypassed bowel have been correlated with symptoms of abdominal pain and distension. It has been shown that antibiotics effective against obligate anaerobes rapidly relieve the symptoms of pseudo-obstruction and this coincides with the disappearance of these organisms from this region of bowel. Symptoms rapidly recur when anaerobic organisms repopulate the bowel. It is concluded that obligate anaerobes may play a role in the pathogenesis of this complication.
P146 Can exhaled hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen cyanide be used to diagnose pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit?: Abstract P146 Table 1.
Authors: SC Sturney, MK Storer, GM Shaw, DE Shaw, MJ Epton
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) have been proposed as biomarkers of infection and inflammation, and therefore may be useful in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to diagnose or monitor pulmonary infection. Our aims were to monitor breath H<sub>2</sub>S and HCN concentrations in intubated, ventilated patients with pulmonary infiltrates on CXR and correlate them with clinical features and serum H<sub>2</sub>S and HCN concentrations. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients ventilated on controlled modes with new pulmonary infiltrates on CXR were recruited from Christchurch Hospital ICU. Once daily end-tidal breath samples were collected and analysed off-line by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Initial breath samples and concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained after intubation. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-eight patients were recruited (17 male), median age 61.5 years (range 26–85 years). Median breath H<sub>2</sub>S concentration of all samples was 0.96 ppb (range 0.22–5.12 ppb, median intra-subject CV 9.97%) and HCN concentration 0.76 ppb (range 0.31–11.5 ppb, median intra-subject CV 8.53%) collected over a median of 3 days (range 1–8 days). In general, there was little variation in breath volatile concentration over time. There was a weak relationship between breath and blood HCN concentrations (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.39, p = 0.04). Breath concentrations were not significantly higher than inspired concentrations. Inspired and exhaled volatile concentrations were related (H<sub>2</sub>S r<sub>s</sub> = 0.83, p &lt; 0.0001; HCN r<sub>s</sub> = 0.66, p &lt; 0.0001). Breath H<sub>2</sub>S and HCN concentrations could not be used to differentiate between patients with pneumonia and those with pulmonary infiltrates due to conditions other than pneumonia. Exhaled volatile concentrations could not separate patients with SIRS or sepsis from those without SIRS or sepsis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> As far as we are aware, this is the first study to explore breath H<sub>2</sub>S and HCN concentrations in ventilated ICU patients. There was no difference in breath volatile concentrations between patients with pulmonary infiltrates caused by different conditions. Using this breath collection method, there is no role for the use of breath H<sub>2</sub>S or HCN in the diagnosis or monitoring of pneumonia in critical illness.
Abstract IA6: Gene fusions in lung cancer
Authors: David G. Beer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gene fusions represent one type of genetic alteration recently detected in lung cancer that results from chromosomal rearrangements. A fusion joining the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genes was detected as a transforming gene in a small subset of lung adenocarcinomas. Importantly, patients with these fusions show responsiveness to ALK kinase inhibitors. Additional studies have identified multiple EML4-ALK gene fusion variants and the histopathological characteristics of the lung tumors identified. Various methods utilized to detect lung gene fusions have included retrovirus-mediated expression screening with 3T3 cell transformation assays, FISH, mRNA/protein expression, RACE-coupled PCR sequencing, massively parallel paired-end and transcriptome sequencing. Additional novel gene fusion events in lung cancer have recently been identified using these and newly defined approaches in small percentages of primary lung tumors. Potential mechanisms underlying the production and triggers for gene fusion events will be discussed.
Nasal allergen challenge generates 1-0-hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
Authors: M H Shin, F J Averill, W C Hubbard, F H Chilton, F M Baroody, M C Liu, R M Naclerio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We studied antigen-induced platelet activating factor and the 1-0-hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) in nasal lavage fluids (NLF) by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS). During the early allergic reaction, there was a dramatic increase in the levels of lyso-PAF that peaked at 15 min (2.6 +/- 5.2 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM, n = 6). Increasing doses of antigen produced a dose-dependent increase in the levels of lyso-PAF that peaked at the highest dose. Levels of lyso-PAF correlated strongly with those of N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity (rs = 0.82, p = 0.0001) and histamine (rs = 0.57, p = 0.002). There was a no significant increase in the quantity of lyso-PAF found in NLF from allergic individuals challenged with diluent or nonallergic individuals challenged with antigen. In subjects showing a late phase reaction, as indicated by symptoms and histamine release, we detected lyso-PAF along with TAME-esterase activity and histamine during the late phase reaction. In contrast to lyso-PAF, PAF levels were near or below the detection limit of the assay in NLF and remained unchanged after antigen challenge. We also investigated the potential pathways for lyso-PAF generation from 2-acetylated phospholipids. We found that the time required for deacetylation of 50% of [3H]PAF (t1/2) to lyso-PAF was 50 min in baseline secretions and 10 and 22 min in NLF obtained 10 min and 24 h after antigen challenge, respectively. These data suggested that catabolic pathways were present in NLF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infant mortality rises in Palestinian territories—but other health indicators show improvement
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A new report calls for urgent international help in tackling health problems in the Palestinian territories. It shows an increase in infant mortality and a doubling of the number of cases of mental illness.

The authors also report increases in the numbers of cases of food poisoning, sexually transmitted diseases, and contaminated drinking water; a deterioration in nutrition; failure to achieve targets on mortality from heart disease and strokes; and poor provision of services for elderly and disabled people ( Public Health doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.04.017). 

The report, which looks at the state of Palestinian primary health care and the achievements of the Palestine …
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis in the Detroit Medical Center
Authors: Donald P. Levine, Ralph D. Cushing, Jonathan Jui, William J. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Between June 1980 and September 1981 we evaluated 24 cases of endocarditis from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All of the cases occurred in drug addicts and all were community-acquired. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 59 years and represented an older population than that generally reported for bacterial endocarditis in addicts. Men and women were equally represented (one man presented twice). This unusually high proportion of women may reflect a difference in the rate and location of carriage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus compared with that of methicillin-sensitive staphylococci. Three patients died, one of whom had signed out of the hospital on the 14th day and returned moribund 27 days later. Vancomycin treatment for 28 days was adequate therapy for most patients.
The Battered Child Syndrome: Unusual Manifestations
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the current issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>, uncommon manifestations of the battered child syndrome are discussed in two articles (pp 1335 and 1338) and a Marginal Comment (p 1265). In the comment, Kempe cites Caffey<sup>1</sup>who "described the whiplash-shaken infant syndrome caused by manual shaking of the trunk or extremities, resulting in intracranial and intraocular hemorrhage, and linked with residual brain damage and mental retardation, in the absence of any skull fracture." In addition, Kempe lists the following: (1) Retinal hemorrhages in the absence of any other evidence of intracranial bleeding of skin and roentgenographic manifestations; (2) subgaleal hematomas caused by pulling of braids or a handful of hair; (3) handprint bruises in which a clear area is surrounded by a series of four or five fingermarks; (4) human bite marks of the characteristic semicircular appearance; ( 5 ) genital injuries, especially those due to biting or
Test case of sexual abuse goes to Lords
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The House of Lords is to decide, in a test case that could open the way for dozens of other claims, whether a doctor whose mistaken diagnosis of sexual abuse caused a child wrongly to be taken into care can be sued for damages. The appeal follows a 2-1 majority decision by the Court of Appeal barring a mother and her 11 year old daughter from suing Newham Health Authority; Dr Eileen Vizard, a child psychiatrist; and the London Borough of Newham in east London. The master of the rolls, Sir Thomas Bingham, would have allowed the girl - though not her mother - to sue, but Lords Justices Staughton and Peter Gibson held that neither could bring a claim.

The Appeal Court's judgment raises a question mark over the pounds sterling1 million settlement for 27 families whose children were taken into care …
Ethical Issues in the AIDS Crisis: The HIV-Positive Practitioner
Authors: Stephen Updegrove
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While I believe the COUNCIL REPORT entitled "Ethical Issues Involved in the Growing AIDS Crisis"1 was helpful in defining physicians' responsibilities in several important areas, I think the last two suggestions that concern physicians who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are extremely vague. I am unaware of any guidelines issued to date that specify which activities an HIV-positive practitioner should avoid because they pose a risk of transmission of infection to patients. Without such guidelines it is meaningless to suggest that physicians determine by themselves or with the advice of colleagues which activities they should limit. It also is unrealistic to believe that in the current climate of fear and misinformation most care providers will inform patients of their HIV positivity—certainly not when there are no legal or ethical constraints on the patient to ensure confidentiality. It is unlikely that most would tell even
ON THE RELATION OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE KNEE TO INJURIES OF SAID JOINT.
Authors: H. REINEKING
Journal: JAMA (1897)

a man with typical history as to onset, fever, spleen, glands, hemorrhage, lymphemia, etc.), the nucleated reds were a striking feature in the blood findings, fully as numerous, I should say, as in cases of the splenic variety that I have examined.In these respects, i. e., the persistence of theleucocytes and of the nucleated reds, the blood count differs from that of most other observers.Richter3 saw an inter- current acute inflammatory rheumatism fail to make an impression on the blood count.And Müller * saw under the influence of a sepsis, the blood count, in a case of lymphatic leukemia, rise from 180,000 to 400,- 000.While no differential count was made, he thinks the increase was in the polymorphonuclear forms rather than the mononuclear.
The outcome of primary irritant hand dermatitis
Authors: K. KECZKES, S.M. BHATE, E.H. WYATT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Four hundred and sixty-two patients suffering from primary irritant hand dermatitis were sent postal questionnaires after 1-16 years regarding the outcome of their dermatitis. Two hundred and thirteen patients replied (a compliance rate of 46%). Of the 213 replies 188 were accepted for analysis, of whom only 58 (30.8%) had complete remission of their dermatitis, whilst 130 patients (69.2%) had continuous, or intermittent disease. Of sixty-four patients who changed their occupation only twenty-one (32.8%) had complete remission of their dermatitis as opposed to thirty-seven (29.8%) of 124 who continued their occupation after the diagnosis of primary irritant hand dermatitis was made. It would appear that the outcome of primary irritant hand dermatitis is not favourable, even after 10 years, and change of occupation has no significant effect.
SHAKESPEARE ON THE SKIN
Authors: J. N. COTTERILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article SHAKESPEARE ON THE SKIN Get access J. N. COTTERILL J. N. COTTERILL Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 5, 1 May 1972, Pages 533–542, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb16111.x Published: 01 May 1972
Restitution of contractility in single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig heart
Authors: M VORNANEN, N SHEPHERD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Our aim was to assess the extent to which changes in intracellular Ca 2+ stores contribute to mechanical restitution in heart muscle. Methods: Single, isolated guinea pig ventricular cells were voltage clamped at −45 mV and stimulated continuously at 0.5 or 2 Hz with 200 ms depolarizing pulses (35 °C). The recoveries of the peak of contraction force ( F P) and the calcium current ( I Ca) between beats were measured in contractions interpolated at various intervals ( t d) after a conditioning twitch. Recovery of SR Ca 2+ load was inferred from the peak magnitude ( C pp) of similarly interpolated contractures, induced by rapid application of 5 mM caffeine. Results: For a conditioning stimulus rate of 0.5 Hz, both F p and I Ca were very small for small t d and recovered along similar time courses with a t 1/2 of about 50 ms. C p was maximal at as early a time after a previous contraction as could be measured, at which time F p was 56% of maximal. C p declined throughout the stimulus interval to about 50% of its maximal value. Similar results were obtained for a conditioning stimulus rate of 2 Hz, at which rate both F p and C p were increased by a factor of 2. Conclusions: The time course of mechanical restitution is coincident with the recovery of I Ca from inactivation. Caffeine-releasable intracellular calcium stores are fully recovered soon after a contraction and well before mechanical restitution is complete.
Expression of concentrative nucleoside transporters SLC28 (CNT1, CNT2, and CNT3) along the rat nephron: Effect of diabetes
Authors: Salvia Rodraguez-Mulero, Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren, Josa Ballaran, Antonio Felipe, Alain Doucet, Fjavier Casado, Maraal Pastor-Anglada
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Foxl1 is a marker of bipotential hepatic progenitor cells in mice
Authors: Sara D. Sackett, Zhaodong Li, Reginald Hurtt, Yan Gao, Rebecca G. Wells, Karrie Brondell, Klaus H. Kaestner, Linda E. Greenbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The liver contains a population of small bipotential facultative progenitor cells that reconstitute liver function when mature hepatocytes or cholangiocytes are unable to proliferate. Mesenchymal markers, including members of the forkhead transcription factor gene family, have been detected in hepatic progenitor cells. The winged helix transcription factor Foxl1 localizes to mesenchymal cells in the intestine; however, its expression in the liver has not been reported. We found that Foxl1 is expressed in rare cells in the normal liver but is dramatically induced in the livers of mice that have undergone bile duct ligation or were fed a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-containing or choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet. In addition, we employed genetic lineage tracing using a Foxl1-Cre transgenic mouse crossed with the Rosa26R lacZ reporter line to demonstrate that Foxl1-Cre-expressing cells are present within the periportal region shortly after injury. These cells give rise to both hepatocytes [marked by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) expression] and cholangiocytes (marked by CK19 expression), indicating that these cells are derived from Foxl1-Cre–expressing cells. Foxl1-Cre–expressing cells are distinct from hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, although they are located in close proximity to portal fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that the early Foxl1-Cre lineage cell gives rise to both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after liver injury and suggest the potential for progenitor-portal fibroblast cell interactions. Conclusion: We propose that Foxl1 is a bona fide marker of the facultative progenitor cell in the mouse liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Emergency Cardiac Care The Science Behind the Art
Authors: John A. Paraskos
Journal: JAMA (1992)

At the very birth of medicine as a rational endeavor, the centrality of the scientific method was firmly established. In the Hippocratic writings, we are told of the conditions necessary for the proper conduct of medicine: "There are in fact two things, science and opinion; the former begets knowledge, the latter ignorance."<sup>1</sup>The art (the<i>technē</i>) of medicine is characterized in the same passage as the use made of that knowledge in the light of accumulated clinical experience, so that "rashness indicates want of art." In harmony with these concepts and underscoring their importance, the 1992 National Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) grades its recommendations according to the merit of the scientific evidence that led to them. Rules of evidence were delineated by the ECC Committee of the American Heart Association (AHA) that were used to evaluate the merit of the scientific data.<sup>2(p2174)</sup>
Tactical Emergency Medicine
Authors: Mario Luis Ramirez
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Significance of the Ventilatory Response to Exercise in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Tuan Peng Chua, Piotr Ponikowski, Derek Harrington, Stefan D Anker, Katharine Webb-Peploe, Andrew L Clark, Philip A Poole-Wilson, Andrew J.S Coats
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)