tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emerging Directions in the Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nathan R. Tucker, Patrick T. Ellinor
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity. As the population ages and the prevalence of AF continues to rise, the socioeconomic consequences of AF will become increasingly burdensome. Although there are well-defined clinical risk factors for AF, a significant heritable component is also recognized. To identify the molecular basis for the heritability of AF, investigators have used a combination of classical Mendelian genetics, candidate gene screening, and genome-wide association studies. However, these avenues have, as yet, failed to define the majority of the heritability of AF. The goal of this review is to describe the results from both candidate gene and genome-wide studies, as well as to outline potential future avenues for creating a more complete understanding of AF genetics. Ultimately, a more comprehensive view of the genetic underpinnings for AF will lead to the identification of novel molecular pathways and improved risk prediction of this complex arrhythmia.
Product names, proper claims? More ethical issues in the marketing of drugs
Authors: S. Holm, M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To analyse the explicit or implicit claims embodied in the proprietary names of pharmaceutical products.Linguistic and ethical analysis of proprietary names of pharmaceutical products marketed in the UK and in Denmark.A number of drugs have names that allude to their indication or actions. Such names may be problematic, however, because they often promise more than the drug can deliver. Taking into account, firstly, the type of allusion and its degree of sophistication, and, secondly, the seriousness of the indication may help in identifying the most problematic drug names.
Six-Month Outcome of Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Resuscitated Patients After Cardiac Arrest Complicating ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Philippe Garot, Thierry Lefevre, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Marie-Claude Morice, Fabienne Tamion, Bernard Abry, Pierre-François Lesault, Jean-Yves Le Tarnec, Claude Pouges, Alain Margenet, Mehran Monchi, Ivan Laurent, Pierre Dumas, Jérôme Garot, Yves Louvard
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The outcome of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction remains poor, primarily because of the relatively low success rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation management. Existing data suggest potential beneficial effects of early myocardial reperfusion, but the predictors of survival in these patients remain unknown.From 1995 to 2005, 186 patients (78% men; mean age, 60.4+/-13.8 years) underwent immediate percutaneous coronary intervention after successful resuscitation for cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction. Prompt prehospital management was performed by mobile medical care units in 154 of 186 patients, whereas 32 had in-hospital cardiac arrest. Infarct location was anterior in 105 patients (56%), and shock was present on admission in 96 (52%). Percutaneous coronary intervention (stenting rate 90%) was successful in 161 of 186 patients (87%). Six-month survival rate was 100 of 186 (54%), and 6-month survival free of neurological sequelae was 46%. By multivariate analysis, predictors of 6-month survival were a shorter interval between the onset of cardiac arrest and arrival of a first responder (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.84), a shorter interval between the onset of cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96), and absence of diabetes (odds ratio, 7.30; 95% CI, 1.80 to 29.41).In patients with resuscitated cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction, prompt prehospital management and early revascularization were associated with a 54% survival rate at 6 months. A strategy including adequate prehospital management, early revascularization, and specific care in dedicated intensive care units should be strongly considered in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction.
International Workshop on the Epidemiology of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Richard F Hamman, Nina Berlin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

The International Workshop on the Epidemiology of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus was held in October of 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This workshop, the first of its kind to focus specifically the epidemiology on of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), was sponsored jointly by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF), the Pennsylvania Department of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control. The purpose of the workshop was to delineate epidemiologic research needs in IDDM; to foster interaction among disciplines to conduct this research; and, specifically, to recommend priorities for population-based epidemiologic research.
The Persistence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> in Poultry Production
Authors: Lance B. Price, Leila G. Lackey, Rocio Vailes, Ellen Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The use of antibiotics in food animal production has been associated with antibiotic-resistant infections in humans. In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned fluoroquinolone use in U.S. poultry production in order to reduce the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter. Little is known about the potential efficacy of this policy.Our primary objective was to follow temporal changes in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter among poultry products from two conventional producers who announced their cessation of fluoroquinolone use in 2002 (3 years before the FDA's ban). Our secondary objective was to compare, over time, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter in conventional poultry products to those from producers who claim to use no antibiotics.We collected poultry samples from two conventional producers and three antibiotic-free producers over the course of 20 weeks in 2004 (n = 198) and 15 weeks in 2006 (n = 210). We compared the rates of fluoroquinolone resistance among Campylobacter isolates from the different producers.We found no significant change in the proportion of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter isolates from the two conventional producers over the study period. In addition, Campylobacter strains from the two conventional producers were significantly more likely to be fluoroquinolone resistant than those from the antibiotic-free producers.The results from this study indicate that fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter may be persistent contaminants of poultry products even after on-farm fluoroquinolone use has ceased. The FDA's ban on fluoroquinolones in poultry production may be insufficient to reduce resistant Campylobacter in poultry products.
Changes Ahead in Childhood Immunization
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

TWO NEW changes in childhood immunization are imminent: extension of the acellular pertussis component in the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine to the first three doses given at 2,4, and 6 months of age, and the advent of a new and highly potent vaccine against hepatitis A. The Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has agreed that the acellular form of the pertussis vaccine is effective and, insofar as it can be ascertained, safe when incorporated into the first three doses of DTP vaccine. Until now, because of lack of evidence that it was sufficiently immunogenic in infants, the acellular form of this vaccine was restricted to DTP immunizations in older children. At the same meeting, the committee agreed unanimously that a new type of vaccine against hepatitis A was safe and effective and could be licensed. The FDA
Anticardiolipin and anti-β<sub>2</sub>glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus-like anticoagulant: prevalence and significance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: I. Marie, F. Jouen, M.-F. Hellot, H. Levesque
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

It has been suggested that both anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (abeta(2)GPI) antibodies may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related vascular impairment.To evaluate the prevalence of aCL and abeta(2)GPI antibodies and lupus-like anticoagulant (LAC) in patients with SSc and healthy controls. We also investigated a possible relationship between clinical and biological variables of patients with SSc and the presence of aCL/abeta(2)GPI antibodies and/or LAC.Measurements of aCL and abeta(2)GPI antibodies, and LAC were performed in 69 consecutive patients with SSc and 69 age- and sex-matched controls. Clinical and biological findings were compared between patients with and without antiphospholipid antibodies.aCL and abeta(2)GPI antibodies and/or LAC were detected in 13 (19%) of 69 consecutive patients with SSc; in the healthy control group, aCL antibody was found in only one (2%) subject (P = 0.0007). None of the healthy controls had abeta(2)GPI antibody and/or LAC. Moreover, pitting scars, pulmonary arterial hypertension, macrovascular involvement as well as severity of capillary impairment (using nailfold videocapillaroscopy) were more frequent in SSc patients with aCL/abeta(2)GPI antibodies and/or LAC compared with those without.Our findings suggest that antiphospholipid antibodies may have a role in the genesis of vascular involvement related to SSc. Finally, the assessment of antiphospholipid antibodies (aCL and abeta(2)GPI antibodies, as well as LAC) may contribute to a better recognition of clinical features in patients with SSc; in essence, the patients with aCL/abeta(2)GPI antibodies and/or LAC may require close monitoring of vascular changes, including in particular pulmonary arterial hypertension and digital infarcts.
We Thank Our Computer for Performing the Research
Authors: Michael Phillips
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 April 1992We Thank Our Computer for Performing the ResearchMichael Phillips, MDMichael Phillips, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-7-606_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: Microcomputers are now ubiquitous tools in biomedical research, but one would hardly know it from reading most medical journals.In scientific papers, data are usually conceived in the "Introduction," born in the "Methods," and presented in their mature adult form as "Results." What is missing is a sense of the turbulent adolescent development of the data, which nowadays takes place almost entirely in a microcomputer: storage and recovery (in a database management program), editing and manipulation (in a spreadsheet program), mathematical analysis (in a statistical program), and visual display (in a graphics program). Developing the data requires... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Phillips, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1992Volume 116, Issue 7 Page: 606-606 Keywords Adolescents Computers Databases Information storage and retrieval Statistical data ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Wet Purpura, Dry Purpura
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Thrombocytopenic purpura is one of few hematologic disorders that may be a five-alarm emergency. It is potentially fatal, yet potentially curable. Adequate intervention can mean the difference. Evaluation of the case need not take long. Look at the patient. Look at a blood smear. Do a platelet count. Aspirate bone marrow from the sternum. (At the sternum, bleeding can be controlled by finger pressure. From a hole in the posterior iliac crest a patient with thrombocytopenia can lose a liter of blood. I have seen a hematoma that extended from knee to axilla.) Examination of the patient permits a most critical determination. Is it<i>wet</i>purpura or<i>dry</i>purpura? In either variety the platelet count may be 5,000/cu mm or less, but in wet purpura the patient is bleeding: the gums ooze, or the nose bleeds, or there may be blood blisters in the mouth, all of which cause guaiac-positive
Complete Normalization of Hepatic G6PC Deficiency in Murine Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia Using Gene Therapy
Authors: Wai Han Yiu, Young Mok Lee, Wen-Tao Peng, Chi-Jiunn Pan, Paul A Mead, Brian C Mansfield, Janice Y Chou
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) manifest disturbed glucose homeostasis. We examined the efficacy of liver G6Pase-α delivery mediated by AAV-GPE, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8 vector expressing human G6Pase-α directed by the human G6PC promoter/enhancer (GPE), and compared it to AAV-CBA, that directed murine G6Pase-α expression using a hybrid chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter/cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer. The AAV-GPE directed hepatic G6Pase-α expression in the infused G6pc−/− mice declined 12-fold from age 2 to 6 weeks but stabilized at wild-type levels from age 6 to 24 weeks. In contrast, the expression directed by AAV-CBA declined 95-fold over 24 weeks, demonstrating that the GPE is more effective in directing persistent in vivo hepatic transgene expression. We further show that the rapid decline in transgene expression directed by AAV-CBA results from an inflammatory immune response elicited by the AAV-CBA vector. The AAV-GPE-treated G6pc−/− mice exhibit normal levels of blood glucose, blood metabolites, hepatic glycogen, and hepatic fat. Moreover, the mice maintained normal blood glucose levels even after 6 hours of fasting. The complete normalization of hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency by the G6PC promoter/enhancer holds promise for the future of gene therapy in human GSD-Ia patients. Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) manifest disturbed glucose homeostasis. We examined the efficacy of liver G6Pase-α delivery mediated by AAV-GPE, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8 vector expressing human G6Pase-α directed by the human G6PC promoter/enhancer (GPE), and compared it to AAV-CBA, that directed murine G6Pase-α expression using a hybrid chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter/cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer. The AAV-GPE directed hepatic G6Pase-α expression in the infused G6pc−/− mice declined 12-fold from age 2 to 6 weeks but stabilized at wild-type levels from age 6 to 24 weeks. In contrast, the expression directed by AAV-CBA declined 95-fold over 24 weeks, demonstrating that the GPE is more effective in directing persistent in vivo hepatic transgene expression. We further show that the rapid decline in transgene expression directed by AAV-CBA results from an inflammatory immune response elicited by the AAV-CBA vector. The AAV-GPE-treated G6pc−/− mice exhibit normal levels of blood glucose, blood metabolites, hepatic glycogen, and hepatic fat. Moreover, the mice maintained normal blood glucose levels even after 6 hours of fasting. The complete normalization of hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency by the G6PC promoter/enhancer holds promise for the future of gene therapy in human GSD-Ia patients.
Migraine and Its Variants
Authors: Dhirendra S. Bana
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As the principal cause of migraine remains a mystery, the approach to therapy is usually palliative. Dr Selby has proposed "to provide the family physicians with guidelines" by recording the current methods being used, anticipating that this would "stimulate a renewed interest in the subject and so contribute to the better management of the patient with the limited therapeutic armamentarium at our disposal." The text derives its strength from the use of actual case histories. The examples of common and classic migraine with various prodromes, as well as those of complicated migraine, are poignantly representative of these forms of headache. In the chapter on differential diagnosis, there are informative histories of arteriovenous malformations and intermittent obstruction of third or fourth ventricle. This wide range of headache cases gives the reader practical insight into the problem of migraine. The sample headache questionnaire outlined in the book may serve as a model
A piece of my mind. Keeper of the gate
Authors: J. J. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

I must confess that I have, at times, fantasized about how confused my old mentors at the Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City would be were they to be resurrected and come face-to-face with the complexities of today's technology. The endless monitors, scanners, imagers, and computers would very likely stun them. Long before that might happen, however, at their first entrance into the old building facing Stuyvesant Park East, the simplest of electrical call-boards and beepers, for good reason, would probably arouse more resentment than astonishment. They could boast of having enjoyed a much better arrangement. They had McCarthy. Tall, chronically flushed, and gray-haired, McCarthy (no one knew his first name), with his old-style stickpin, hornrimmed glasses, ruddy complexion, and dignified mien, resembled nothing so much as a downtown Tammany Hall politician. A protuberant abdomen bulged against the gunmetal buttons of his meticulously maintained whipcord uniform. He held
Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Diabetes Associated With Mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) Mutation at Position 3243
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Taro Muramatsu, Matsuo Taniyama, Yoshihito Atsumi, Makoto Suematsu, Ryuji Kawaguchi, Susumu Higuchi, Takayuki Asahina, Chisato Murata, Michiko Handa, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To ascertain why alcohol is prone to manifest unpleasant effects in diabetes associated with mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR) mutation at position 3243 (DM-Mt3243), we investigated the genotype of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) in DM-Mt3243.Nineteen unrelated patients with DM-Mt3243 were included in the study (12 men and 7 women). They were recruited from approximately 700 diabetic patients at three different institutes, without prior information of alcohol habit. ALDH2, ADH2, and 3243 mutation were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. There were 461 unrelated Japanese individuals and 170 non-3243 mutant NIDDM patients enrolled as control subjects.In the DM-Mt3243 group, 15 (79%) patients had inactive ALDH2 and 18 (95%) had atypical ADH2. The frequency of the inactive ALDH2 genotype was higher than that in the normal control subjects (P < 0.002) and that in the NIDDM control subjects (P < 0.003). However, the frequencies of ADH2 genotype in the DM-Mt3243 group, the normal control subjects, and the NIDDM control subjects were not different.Inactive ALDH2 genotype was frequently observed in DM-Mt3243. It suggests that DM-Mt3243 is associated with ALDH2 inactivity. We speculate the trait of acetaldehyde accumulation on ALDH2 inactivity may favor mitochondrial DNA abnormalities, thereby worsening ATP production and impairing insulin secretion. In addition, the interaction of ALDH1 and ALDH2 may alter the retinoid metabolism in the pancreas, thereby influencing insulin secretion and precipitating diabetes. Thus, this association of ALDH2 genotype with DM-Mt3243 provides insight into the etiology of diabetes in the mitochondrial diseases.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia: State of the Science and Critical Unanswered Questions
Authors: Jeffrey W. Olin, Heather L. Gornik, J. Michael Bacharach, Jose Biller, Lawrence J. Fine, Bruce H. Gray, William A. Gray, Rishi Gupta, Naomi M. Hamburg, Barry T. Katzen, Robert A. Lookstein, Alan B. Lumsden, Jane W. Newburger, Tatjana Rundek, C. John Sperati, James C. Stanley
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential
A noninvasive method for predicting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with heart failure
Authors: D.L. Moraes, D.R. Dobroski, E.H. Awtry, K.M. Mcintyre, M.T. Slawsky, M.M. Givertz, W.S. Colucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
THE BRONCHOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: HENRY HORN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

tients even at the age of 75 go back to bed with the pulse almost normal in rate.I am not excited in making Buch remarks, only enthusiastic.I am not here to claim that this is an entirely original operation.If I had had opportunity to finish the paper I would have stated that it is founded on the principle of vaginal fixation as described by Duhrssen and Mackenrodt.What docs Dr. Carstens propose to do?I have always admired him for his work.He now speaks of taking out the uterus in ten inimités.It is the hardest thing in the world to keep ourselves from doing a hysterectomy in these cases because it is so easy, but this docs not cure the patient;nor have we supported the bladder.When Dr. Carstens re¬ moves the uterus he does not cure the prolapse of the vagina or the cystocele.I did that operation in 1000, 11)01 and 11102 and the patients would come buck with the bladder down.Here is an operation that is a beautiful thing because the cervix is placed high up and far hack.The uterus does not descend in the way Dr. Baldy says.Dr. Baldy says I do not lift that cervix up.I do lift it up.I do a high amputa¬ tion to make the uterus so short that when the intra- abdominal pressure pushes the fundus down the new cervix rises up and back.There will be no new cystocele.Hys¬ terectomy for total prolapse!It is child's talk.Don't forget that the vagina is very capacious in these cases.When you fix the fundus back of the symphysis and it is fixed good and hard, so that it will stay; when you amputate that cervix and do the operation so that you take away the posterior entcro- cele; when you diminish the caliber of the vagina so that it scarcely admits two fingers by resecting the posterior wall, and do a high perineorrhaphy, then you have a fine complete operation.If these women did not complain we would not do the operation.By this method I have never lost a case, I have never perforated a bladder and have never cut a hole in the rectum.
Are telephones an infection hazard?
Authors: D A White
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A recent newspaper article1 suggested that there is a serious cross-infection hazard in using public telephones. In fact, it gave the impression that there is a danger of contracting any, or all, of the diseases listed in the table. That this caused alarm was apparent from subsequent readers' letters. I had three inquiries from occupational health doctors who had been asked to advise on the subject as the article had made it an issue in their own industries.