tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Andrew Jackson's Exposure to Mercury and Lead
Authors: Ludwig M. Deppisch, Jose A. Centeno, David J. Gemmel, Norca L. Torres
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Historians have suggested that US president Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) experienced lead and mercury poisoning following his therapeutic use of calomel (mercurous chloride) and sugar of lead (lead acetate). To evaluate these claims, we performed direct physical measurement of 2 samples of Jackson's hair (1 from 1815, 1 from 1839). Following pretreatment and acid digestion, mercury was measured using cold vapor generation techniques, while lead levels were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mercury levels of 6.0 and 5.6 ppm were obtained from the 1815 and 1839 hair specimens, respectively. Lead levels were significantly elevated in both the 1815 sample (mean lead level, 130.5 ppm) and the 1839 sample (mean lead level, 44 ppm). These results suggest that Jackson had mercury and lead exposure, the latter compatible with symptomatic plumbism in the 1815 sample. However, Jackson's death was probably not due to heavy metal poisoning.
The nursing profession's coming of age: My experience of nurse practitioners
Authors: Anjan Chakraborty
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
Characterization of a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line
Authors: Barbara A. Stoos, Anikó Náray-Fejes-Tóth, Oscar A. Carretero, Sadayoshi Ito, Géza Fejes-Tóth
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

A cortical collecting duct (CCD) cell line has been developed from a mouse transgenic for the early region of simian virus 40, Tg(SV40E)Bri/7. CCDs were microdissected and placed on collagen gels. Monolayers were subsequently subcultured onto permeable collagen membranes and maintained in serum-supplemented medium. One line, designated M-1, retained many characteristics of the CCD, including a typical epithelial appearance and CCD-specific antigens. M-1 cells, when grown in monolayers on permeable supports, exhibited a high transepithelial resistance (885.7 +/- 109.6 ohms/cm2) and developed a lumen negative transepithelial potential difference (PD) of -45.7 +/- 3.5 mV. The associated short-circuit current (SCC) averaged 71.8 +/- 10.3 microA/cm2, and was reduced by 95% by luminal application of amiloride. The cultured cells responded to arginine vasopressin (AVP) with a significant increase in SCC. M-1 cells generated significant transepithelial solute gradients. After 24 hours incubation, the composition of the luminal (L) and basolateral (B) media (in mM) was: [Na+], L = 106.7 +/- 0.9 and B = 127.4 +/- 0.4; [K+], L = 8.6 +/- 0.6 and B = 2.1 +/- 0.3; [Cl], L = 68.6 +/- 5.8 and B = 101.8 +/- 6.6; [HCO3], L = 15.5 +/- 1.5 and B = 8.6 +/- 1.2; while pH was 7.16 +/- 0.03 at the luminal and 6.94 +/- 0.03 at the basolateral side. The formation of these concentration gradients indicates that the CCD cultures absorb Na+ and Cl- and secrete K+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eighty-one percent event-free survival in advanced Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia: No differences in outcome between pediatric and adult patients treated with the same intensive pediatric protocol
Authors: G. Todeschini, C. Tecchio, D. Degani, V. Meneghini, P. Marradi, R. Balter, R. Zanotti, M. Ricetti, M. Franchini, G. Perona
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Abnormal ion and water composition of veins and normotensive arteries in coarctation hypertension in rats.
Authors: M B Pamnani, H W Overbeck
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We examined the water, sodium, and potassium composition of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta (plus iliac arteries), and veins (vena cava and portal vein) from rats with aortic coarctation. The aortas of 10 rats (group A) were coarcted above the renal arteries to produce hypertension. Control groups consisted of 10 rats sham-coarcted above and 10 rats coarcted below the renal arteries. In group A rats heart weights and carotid artery pressures were elevated over controls (P less than 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in femoral arterial pressures. In group A rats both the hypertensive thoracic aorta and the normotensive abdominal aorta contained about 20% more water per unit of wet weight, and about 35% and 60% more sodium and potassium, respectively, per unit of dry weight than did the corresponding portions of aorta from control rats (P less than 0.01). In group A rats water (P less than 0.01), sodium (P less than 0.02), and potassium (P less than 0.05) contents of veins also were increased. There were no significant correlations between level of carotid arterial pressure and magnitude of changes in arterial and venous composition, nor were there significant differences between the magnitude of changes in the normotensive and hypertensive portions of the aorta. These results indicate that in rats abnormalities in vascular wall salt and water content are not necessarily a direct effect of the elevated pressure in hypertension.
Efficacy tests ahead for antimetastatic agent
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

An antimetastatic agent that appears to be free of adverse effects may be available to clinicians soon, according to Kenneth V. Honn, PhD, associate professor of radiology and radiation oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit. Honn told participants at a recent American Cancer Society seminar in San Diego that research into the effects of anticoagulants on migrant cancer cells has produced an agent, nafazatrom, that looks promising in phase I (safety) clinical trials. As Honn sees it, the critical event in metastasis is the stable attachment of a cancer cell to a blood vessel wall. He postulates that the tumor cell accomplishes this by first binding to host platelets, and then, coated with platelets, lodging in the microvasculature and adhering to the vascular endothelium. A protective thrombus may subsequently develop around the tumor cell, shielding it until it escapes into surrounding tissues, where it can proliferate. Honn and
Alcohol Consumer Must Be 21 Years Old in All States; Concerns Remain About Drunk Driving
Authors: Ken Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ALL 50 STATES now require a person to be at least 21 years of age before buying or consuming alcoholic beverages. Wyoming completed the list by enacting legislation that just went into effect, much to the satisfaction of organizations that combat drunk driving. The impetus, at least for some states, has been the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, a 1984 federal law that has left it up to state officials to choose between adopting the 21-year-old minimum or losing federal highway funds. In Wyoming, according to Dennis Curran, press secretary for Governor Mike Sullivan, the state stood to lose $8 million a year in federal highway money unless its law was changed. Curran also says that his state "didn't want to be the only one" in the country with a drinking age below 21 years. There also was concern among state legislators that some persons might have the impression that
Significance of the systolic murmur
Authors: J. P. Shillingford
Journal: BMJ (1967)

This monograph, with 23 eminent American cardiologists as contributors, deals with the history of innocent murmurs, mechanism of sound production, and principles of phono- cardiography, as well as discussing the aetiology and significance of the systolic murmur.Much of the text is taken up by a verbatim discussion between cardiologists, and is presented in the form of reports on panel discussions or clinicopathological meetings.This may appeal to some readers, but it takes a long time to sort the wheat from the chaff and at the end one is not always clear about the outcome of many pages of talk.It is unfortunate that the phonocardiograms, so
Progestin therapy of breast cancer.
Authors: B. Jolles
Journal: BMJ (1967)

underground workers.The helmet will only protect the head from injury if it is worn correctly and is designed to prevent those injuries which are foreseen.It must always be regarded as a second line of defence; accident prevention must be the primary aim.Mr. Jennett is in error when he states that V. S. Caviness's conclusions' were based solely on a study of first world war gunshot wounds.In the statement I quoted from reference was made to the work of W. F. Caveness,' who investigated 356 young adult males who sus- tained head injuries in the Korean war cam- paign.Of these, 159 had non-missile head injuries.The report deals with the occurrence
The American Health Care System
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IN a world where most industrialized countries concentrate their resources in one health insurance system that provides universal or nearly universal coverage to their populations, the United States presents an altogether different picture. Its array of uncoordinated private and public programs underscores society's profound ambivalence about whether medical care for all is a social good, of which the costs should be borne by society, or a benefit that employers should purchase for employees and their dependents, with government insurance for people outside the work force. At different times, Americans have answered this or similar questions in a variety of ways, . . .
Further Observations on the True Nature of the So-Called Skin-Grafting
Authors: D. Page
Journal: BMJ (1871)

not seem to exist among the Germans.After wintering in the south, they mostly go stolidly home, as a matter of course, and often remain sweltering during the dog-days at some watering-place on the Rhine or elsewhere.There they imbibe quantities of mineral waters in the midst of tropical heat, vainly hoping thereby to cure a vital cachexia, only to be arrested or cured by carrying out all the laws of physiology and hygiene, and that to their extreme development and limit.
Evidence for POT expansion in early<i>Homo</i>: A pretty theory with ugly (or no) paleoneurological facts
Authors: Ralph L. Holloway
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract If POT (parieto-occipital-temporal junction) reorganization came earlier in australopithecines than in Homo , it is likely that the selective pressures were different, and not necessarily directed toward language. The brain endocast evidence for the POT in A. afarensis is actually better than it is for early Homo .
Humoral immune response in children with iron-deficiency anaemia.
Authors: K Bagchi, M Mohanram, V Reddy
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The humoral immune response (as shown by plasma immunoglobulin concentrations and antibody response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) was evaluated in 14 children with iron-deficiency anaemia and in 24 normal controls. Mean concentrations of haemoglobin and serum iron and mean transferrin saturation were significantly lower in children with iron-deficiency anaemia than in controls. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were within the normal range in both groups. Two weeks after immunisation with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids the concentrations of IgG increased significantly in both groups. Antibody titres in iron-deficient children were similar to those of controls before and after immunisation. The mean T-lymphocyte count was significantly lower in iron-deficient children than that in controls, but the mean B-lymphocyte counts were similar in the two groups. These observations suggest that humoral immunity in children is not affected by iron deficiency and that conventional immunisation programmes would be effective in children with iron-deficiency anaemia.
VIP-expressing Dendritic Cells Protect Against Spontaneous Autoimmune Peripheral Polyneuropathy
Authors: Mehmet E Yalvac, William David Arnold, Syed-Rehan A Hussain, Cilwyn Braganza, Kimberly M Shontz, Kelly Reed Clark, Christopher M Walker, Eroboghene E Ubogu, Jerry R Mendell, Zarife Sahenk
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) model in B7-2 knockout nonobese diabetic mice mimics a progressive and unremitting course of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). In this study, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were transduced to express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) using a lentiviral vector (LV-VIP). These transduced DCs (LV-VIP-DCs) were then injected intravenously (i.v.) into 16-week-old (before disease onset) and 21-week-old (after disease onset) SAPP mice in order to prevent or attenuate the disease. Outcome measures included behavioral tests, clinical and histological scoring, electrophysiology, real-time PCR, flow cytometry analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LV-VIP-DCs were recruited to the inflamed sciatic nerve and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. A single injection of LV-VIP-DC delayed the onset of disease, stabilized, and attenuated clinical signs correlating with ameliorated behavioral functions, reduced nerve demyelination, and improved nerve conduction. This proof-of-principle study is an important step potentially leading to a clinical translational study using DCs expressing VIP in cases of CIDP refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy.
His Bundle Electrograms in a Patient With Hyperkalemia
Authors: Lawrence Gould
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TO OUR knowledge, His bundle electrograms have never been obtained from a patient with hyperkalemia. We describe serial His bundle electrograms obtained from a patient with hyperkalemia caused by exogenous administration of potassium. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 80-year-old woman was admitted to Fordham Hospital because of shortness of breath. She was in excellent health until six months before admission when occasional bouts of dyspnea on exertion appeared. These episodes became more severe in the week preceding the hospitalization. On examination, her blood pressure was 160/80 mm Hg, her pulse rate was 90 beats per minute, with occasional premature beats, and her temperature was 38.2 C (100.8 F). Neck veins were prominent and rales were heard at both lung bases. The point of maximal cardiac impulse was in the sixth intercostal space beyond the midclavicular line. There were no murmurs or gallops. The liver was two fingerbreadths below the right
Mannose-sensitive and Gal-Gal binding Escherichia coli pili from recombinant strains. Chemical, functional, and serological properties.
Authors: P O'Hanley, D Lark, S Normark, S Falkow, G K Schoolnik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Chromosomal genes encoding the MS and Gal-Gal binding properties have been cloned into separate recombinants and their respective pili characterized. Hapten inhibition of hemagglutination with synthetic carbohydrate receptor analogues and carbohydrate-adsorbed latex agglutination studies indicate that Gal-Gal and MS pili collectively exhibit the binding properties of the parent strain. MS pili migrated in SDS-PAGE with an Mr of 19 kdaltons and 17 kdaltons; the Mr of Gal-Gal pili was 17.5 kdaltons. The pili are chemically similar by amino acid composition and when the N-terminal cysteines are aligned, 8 of the 13 residues between positions 9 and 22 are homologous. Further, carboxy-terminal sequence homology was inferred from the carboxypeptidase digestion of a MS pili and the sequence of a carboxy-terminal tryptic peptide from Gal-Gal pili.
Prognostic value of oculovestibular reflex
Authors: J B P Stephenson, K E. Byrne
Journal: BMJ (1978)

volved.Some patients may have spent time in an intensive treatment unit or in a medical ward before transfer, but 75 % are discharged within 48 h of admission to the unit, approxi- mately 15 % to psychiatric hospitals.Outpatient follow-up is now carried out in the unit, which has reduced the default rate to less than 5 %, and over the past three years the relapse rate, defined as repeat of selfpoisoning within 12 months, has fallen to less than 10%.
Diabetes I: insulins.
Authors: J N MacPherson, J Feely
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Sixty years after the first therapeutic use of insulin treatment of insulin dependent diabetes continues to be with subcutaneous insulin injections. Nevertheless, this does not imply lack of progress. Recent years have seen important developments in insulin purification, the commercial production of human insulin, the development of new techniques of insulin adminis? tration, and the growing acceptance that good control reduces diabetic complications. The present change to U100 (100 units/ ml) insulin has resulted in important changes in the range of insulins marketed?notably, only highly purified insulins will be available in the new strength.
Contempo '81. Nuclear medicine. The radiologist's view
Authors: L. M. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The continuing strength of nuclear medical diagnosis lies in its ability to depict function and therefore detect physiological alterations in a manner not made available by the more morphologically oriented techniques, such as conventional radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Developments in the basic science areas of radiotracer technology and instrumentation have moved rapidly from the research laboratory to clinical facilities where they have significantly contributed to the diagnostic armamentarium in medicine and surgery. Three of the more notable areas of particularly intensive investigative efforts during the past two or three years are those of cardiac and gastrointestinal disease and emission tomography. <h3>Cardiac Evaluation</h3> Two major radionuclide approaches to the diagnosis of suspected coronary artery disease have evolved in the past several years.<sup>1,2</sup>These are the use of thallous chloride Tl 201 to evaluate myocardial perfusion<sup>3</sup>and first-pass and multigated radionuclide angiography to evaluate pumping efficiency of the heart.
Effect of Sympathetic Blockade on Bone Imaging
Authors: FREDERICK J. SMITH, JOHN E. POWE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Three-phase bone scintigraphy was used to identify changes before and after sympathetic blockade in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Marked increases in all three phases of the bone scan were seen after blockade. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of bone imaging in following changes associated with therapy and underlines the importance of knowing the relative timing of diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions.
Endorphins in Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy
Authors: Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

When a new naturally occurring substance is discovered, medical researchers are justifiably eager to determine whether abnormalities in its disposition are relevant to disease states. Such investigations are more readily conducted with the opioid peptides than with most other substances. These opioids are generically termed endorphins and include the enkephalins and β-endorphin. There are several different endorphins. Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin are pentapeptides that differ only in their carboxyl-terminal amino acid.1 The two enkephalins are stored in separate populations of neurons in specific brain areas that have high concentrations of opiate receptors — establishing the enkephalins as probable neurotransmitters at opiate . . .
A population-based study of acute medical conditions associated with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: S.M. Langan, R. Hubbard, K. Fleming, J. West
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Bullous pemphigoid is associated with poorly understood dramatically increased early mortality rates.To assess the incidence of acute events predisposing to early mortality.Computerized medical records from the Health Improvement Network, a large population-based U.K. general practice database, were used to conduct a cohort analysis. Outcome measures were incidence rates of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and sepsis compared with a matched control population.People with bullous pemphigoid were three times as likely to develop pneumonia, adjusted rate ratio 2.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01-4.31] or pulmonary embolism, adjusted rate ratio 3.12 (95% CI 1.37-7.12) compared with matched controls. No statistically significant increase was seen for myocardial infarction, adjusted rate ratio 1.24 (95% CI 0.66-2.33), or sepsis, adjusted rate ratio 2.02 (95% CI 0.78-5.21).The risk of pulmonary embolism and pneumonia is increased following a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. It may be possible to reduce associated mortality through considering prophylaxis with either antithromboembolic measures or antibiotic therapy and vaccination.
An Immediate Desire to Survive
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Bill Becker died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on April 23, 1985, in New York City in early middle age. He was an art director in the advertising field, presumably at the peak of his career, when he contracted this relentless disease. This small book of poems begins in August 1983, when he first suspects he has the disease ("Just what part of us will survive the blasphemies committed in darkened rooms, in strangers' beds?"), and ends in early February 1985. The penultimate piece reads as follows: The body collapses into itself Structured demolition surface unseen Candid eruption doing havoc on nerve Nuclear fission on a human scale— Cellular chain reaction An immunity implosion Self interest Self pity Schizophrenic optimism Relapse— There are a total of 29 short poems that speak, among many things, of gluttony and lust, love and innocence, hate and fear, bravery, seduction, dying, and human support.
Modulatory Role for Retinoid-related Orphan Receptor α in Allergen-induced Lung Inflammation
Authors: Maisa Jaradat, Cliona Stapleton, Stephen L. Tilley, Darlene Dixon, Christopher J. Erikson, Joshua G. McCaskill, Hong Soon Kang, Martin Angers, Grace Liao, Jennifer Collins, Sherry Grissom, Anton M. Jetten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Nuclear receptors play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation, thus representing attractive targets for the treatment of asthma.In this study, we assess the potential regulatory function of retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORalpha) in the adaptive immune response using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation as a model.Allergen-induced inflammation was compared between wild-type (WT) and staggerer (RORalpha(sg/sg)) mice, a natural mutant strain that is deficient in RORalpha expression.Despite robust increases in OVA-specific IgE, RORalpha(sg/sg) mice developed significantly less pulmonary inflammation, mucous cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilia compared with similarly treated WT animals. Induction of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, was also significantly less in RORalpha(sg/sg) mice. Microarray analysis using lung RNA showed increased expression of many genes, previously implicated in inflammation, in OVA-treated WT mice. These include mucin Muc5b, the chloride channel calcium-activated 3 (Clca3), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha and 1beta, eotaxin-2, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1). These genes were induced to a greater extent in OVA-treated WT mice relative to RORalpha(sg/sg) mice.Our study demonstrates that mice deficient in RORalpha exhibit an attenuated allergic inflammatory response, indicating that RORalpha plays a critical role in the development of Th2-driven allergic lung inflammation in mice, and suggests that this nuclear receptor should be further evaluated as a potential asthma target.