tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Journals in Jeopardy
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The rise of the United States in the 20th century to a position of preeminence among nations can be attributed to a number of factors, not the least of which has been a climate favorable to scientific investigation and publication. Science in America has been generously funded throughout most of this century both by government and industry, and the scientific community has been viewed with respect and admiration. Consequently, the center of scientific research and development shifted from Europe to America. Notable examples of this move can be found in the fields of medicine, chemistry, and physics; the number of Nobel Prizes awarded to scientists resident in the United States testifies to America's scientific leadership. Unhappily, respect for scientific achievement appears to be waning in this country, and there are signs of antielitism in government agencies, indifference to science in the executive branch of government, and hostility among some members
Abstract 4902: Methylation profiles in head and neck cancer
Authors: Semra Demokan, Zubeyde Yalniz, Yusufhan Suoglu, Murat Ulusan, Nejat Dalay
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Among human malignancies, head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world. Multiple genetic and epigenetic changes may contribute to the development of HNSCC. One of the epigenetic alterations, aberrant methylation in the promoter regions of multiple genes that lead to transcriptional silencing, has been shown in various cancer types including HNSCC. In this study we aimed to evaluate the epigenetic changes specific to HNSCC by investigating aberrant promoter hypermethylation of a panel of 24 tumor suppressor genes. Experimental Design: We investigated methylation of the promoter regions by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). The methylation status of the selected genes were analyzed in 126 patients with HNSCC. Tumor and corresponding normal tissue samples were obtained during surgical resection. Probes added to the samples hybridized with their target sequence and were amplified by PCR depending on the methylation status of the target. The amplified products were detected by sequence type capillary electrophoresis. Peak sizes and areas were normalized and the relative signal peaks were compared to determine the methylation status. Results: 18 of 24 (75 %) genes displayed methylation in the tumor samples while none of the corresponding normal tissue samples were methylated. In 67.5 % (85/126) of the tumors the promoter regions were hypermethylated in at least one of the genes. The most frequently methylated genes were RARB (retinoic acid receptor beta), CHFR (checkpoint with forkhead and ring-finger domains) and CDH13 (Cadherin 13) genes. In 50 (39.7 %) patients, methylation was observed in more than one gene. Conclusions: Methylation of the CHFR, RARB and CDH13 gene promoters is a frequent event in HNSCC, demonstrating potential for these genes as biomarkers in detection strategies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4902.
Abstract 4978: Targeting of phosphatidylserine by monoclonal antibodies enhances activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors
Authors: Jian Gong, Van Nguyen, Shen Yin, Rich Archer, Jeff Hutchins, Bruce Freimark
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid normally residing in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and becomes exposed on tumor vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells. PS exposure becomesenhanced in response to chemotherapy, irradiation, and oxidative stresses in the tumor microenvironment. PS exposure in tumors promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment which includes the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immature dendritic cells, and M2-like macrophages as well as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Binding of PS targeting antibodies on tumor endothelial cells, tumor cells and their secreted microparticles triggers an Fc-FcR mediated pro-inflammatory cellular and cytokine response that reverses the immunosuppressive PS meditated checkpoint, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. A chimeric PS-targeting antibody, bavituximab, is being used in combination with chemotherapy to treat patients with solid tumors in multiple late-stage clinical trials. Using multiple syngeneic tumors in immune competent mice, we demonstrate PS targeting antibodies enhance the anti-tumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies. Tumor growth inhibition correlates with infiltration of immune cells in tumors and induction of adaptive immunity. The combination of these mechanisms promotes strong, localized, anti-tumor responses without the side-effects of systemic immune activation. Citation Format: Jian Gong, Van Nguyen, Shen Yin, Rich Archer, Jeff Hutchins, Bruce Freimark. Targeting of phosphatidylserine by monoclonal antibodies enhances activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4978. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4978
Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis A in Lesbians
Authors: William G. Rector
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hepatitis A accounts for about 41% of cases of viral hepatitis in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Homosexual males are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis A as a consequence of promiscuity and the practice of oral-anal sex.<sup>2</sup> Lesbians are not reported to be a high-risk group for infection with hepatitis A. However, oral-genital contact is a common sexual practice in this group.<sup>3</sup>We describe sexual transmission of hepatitis A in three lesbians seen in the Denver General Hospital Hepatitis Clinic over a period of two months. <h3>Report of Cases.—Patient 1.—</h3> A 24-year-old lesbian presented to our clinic on Aug 27, 1985, having experienced malaise, nausea, and icterus for six days. Laboratory data included an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of 3840 units/L (3840 U/L), bilirubin concentration of 5.5 mg/dL (94 μmol/L), and a positive result for serum IgM hepatitis A virus antibody (anti-HAV). Results
Hepatitis B virus is a retrovirus in disguise
Authors: Jerome B. Zeldis
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Nucleocapsid-pol fusion proteins have been detected by serological screening hepatocellular carcinoma tissues that contain hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The existence of these fusion proteins suggests that HBV may synthesize its reverse transcriptase in a fashion analogous to the way that retroviruses synthesize and process a precursor. The accumulation of HBV reverse transcriptase intermediates in tumorous tissues and not in other tissues may be related to the absence of viral core particles and possibly contributes to tumor development.
Diagnostic Delays With Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: William J. Wenner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article, Dr Kallio and colleagues<sup>1</sup>note that failure to promptly diagnose meningitis accounts for most meningitis lawsuits, which are the leading malpractice suit against pediatricians. Their study found no difference in the outcome of children whose meningitis was diagnosed at once compared with those with a recent previous (2 to 4 days) visit to a physician. Although the final conclusion is not stated, the inference to be drawn is that the direct causality portion of a malpractice action cannot be established and, therefore, a malpractice verdict against a physician for a 2- to 4-day delay in the diagnosis of meningitis should not occur. However, the conclusion is not supported by the data presented. The power of their study does not allow the authors to accept the null hypothesis or to conclude that a relationship does not exist between a previous visit and adverse outcome.
Effect of calcium phosphate coating characteristics on early post-operative bone tissue ingrowth
Authors: Paul Duheyne, John Beight, John Cuckler, Bryan Evans, Shula Radin
Journal: Biomaterials (1990)

The synthesis of model porous metal-CPC materials, and their use in one-parametric studies of bone tissue ingrowth enhancement were considered. By using the same starting calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite powder, three different coatings, CAP1, CAP2 and CAP3, were obtained of thicknesses 50 ± 5, 75 ± 5 and 75 ± 5 μm, respectively. CAP1 and 2 were either the starting powder mixed in a 3:1 ratio CPC: poly(lactic acid) or the powder by itself. The CAP 3 coating was the result of a thermal treatment producing a mixture of oxyhydroxyapatite, α- and β-tricalcium phosphate. Orderly oriented wire mesh porous coated specimens were implanted, along with the same specimens lined with CAP 1, 2 or 3. Subsequently, the total of 156 specimens was retrieved at 2, 4 or 6 wk, and tested mechanically and processed for histomorphometry. The data produce considerable evidence for the CPC-dependenI enhancement of bone tissue ingrowth in porous metals immediately after implantation. They prove that the materials processing of CPC coatings influences the resulting biological behaviour substantially. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that ceramic dissolution is a causative factor on the bone tissue growth enhancement mechanisms.
Ultrasound assessment of normal hemidiaphragmatic movement: relation to inspiratory volume.
Authors: J G Houston, R M Angus, M D Cowan, N C McMillan, N C Thomson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Traditionally the radiological assessment of diaphragmatic movement has relied on fluoroscopy. Ultrasound scanning has recently been shown to be a sensitive and reproducible method of assessing hemidiaphragmatic movement in normal subjects. A study was undertaken to examine how movement of the diaphragm measured by ultrasound scanning relates to inspired lung volumes measured by spirometric testing. METHODS--Ultrasound examinations were performed on 14 normal volunteers using a 3.5 MHz sector transducer (Acuson 128). A fixed skin position on each lateral chest wall between the anterior clavicular and midaxillary line was selected symmetrically to obtain a longitudinal plane of each hemidiaphragm including the maximal renal bipolar length, allowing identification of the adjacent posterior aspect of the diaphragm. Craniocaudal excursions of the posterior part of each hemidiaphragm on successive respiratory cycles were recorded on videotape and compared with spirometric measurements recorded simultaneously on a water bath spirometer. Measurements were made in the sitting and supine position and were repeated on a separate occasion (at least two weeks apart) in 10 subjects by the same operator to assess reproducibility. RESULTS--The relation between inspired volume and hemidiaphragmatic movement was found to be linear. The gradient of these observed linear relations (hemidiaphragmatic excursion (mm)/inspired volume (1)) was calculated and their distribution for each hemidiaphragm followed a normal distribution irrespective of position. The 95% confidence limits of the right to left ratio of these gradients in the supine position were 0.53 and 1.7. Change of posture from the supine to the sitting position reduced the gradient. The technique had acceptable reproducibility with coefficients of variation for the supine position of 7.5% and 11.7% for right and left hemidiaphragm respectively. CONCLUSION--Ultrasound scanning is a simple, non-invasive and reproducible means of assessing hemidiaphragmatic movement, yielding quantitative information which relates to inspired lung volumes.
Sodium chloride, urea, and water transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle. Generation of osmotic gradients by passive diffusion of solutes.
Authors: M Imai, J P Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Studies were designed to examine whether the thin ascending limb of Henle (tALH) decreases its luminal solute concentration by an active or a passive transport process. In all experiments isolated segments of rabbit tALH were perfused in vitro. When tubules were perfused with solutions identical to the bath, active transport of NaCl was excluded by the following: (a) osmolality of the collected fluid remained unchanged and the same as the bath. (b) net water reabsorption could not be demonstrated, and (c) transtubular potential difference was zero. Isotopic permeability coefficients (x 10(-5) cm s-1) were calculated from the disappearance rate of the respective isotope added to the perfusate. These values indicate that tALH is moderately permeable to [14C]urea (6.97 +/- 1.95) while having a higher permeability to 22Na (25.5 +/- 1.8) and [not readable: see text]Cl (117 +/- 9.1) than any other segment similarly studied. The influx (bath-to-lumen) isotopic permeabilities were not statistically different from the above efflux permeabilities. Osmotic water permeability was immeasurably small. When tALH were perfused with a 600 mosmol/liter solution predominantly of NaCl against a 600 mosmol/liter bath in which 50% of osmolality was NaCl and 50% urea (to simulate in vivo papillary interstitium), the collected fluid osmolality was decreased significantly below that of the bath (300 mosmol/liter/mm of tubule). The decrease in osmolality was due to greater efflux of NaCl as compared to influx of urea. We conclude that active transport of salt by the tALH was not detected by the experimental protocol of the current studies, and that the unique membrane characteristics of tALH allows for generation of osmotic gradients (lumen less concentrated than adjacent surroundings) on purely passive mechanisms when perfused with isosmolal salt solutions in a bath with appropriate salt and urea concentrations. These findings are consistent with the passive counter-current model previously proposed from this laboratory.
France: The incidence has risen
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The French government, concerned with a steady increase in sudden infant deaths over the past 10 years, has launched a public campaign to inform parents and doctors of the risk. The number of sudden deaths of infants aged under 1 year has nearly doubled, from 1.03/1000 in 1980 to 1.93/1000 in 1991. Some of this increase may …
Classification of chest pains after myocardial infarction.
Authors: A. Verghese, R. R. Lovell
Journal: BMJ (1966)

because their attendances happened not to coincide with a questioning session.Thus 106 were questioned.The questionary is shown in the Appendix.The pain classification was determined by replies to questions 1 to 10. Questions 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were essentially the same as those proposed by Rose (1962) for diagnosing angina pectoris in population surveys.On the basis of their replies, patients were classified as follows:
Evaluation of the EX-O3 Dialyser Cartridge
Authors: J. A. Burton, R. M. Lindsay, A. C. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Fifty-five dialyses were performed using the EX-O3 dialyser cartridge. The performance of the dialyser in respect of urea, creatinine, phosphate, and uric acid dialysance is comparable to that of the Travenol Ultra-Flo 100 (cuprophane). It is rather more compact, is easy to operate, has minimal blood loss, and a low priming volume. Ultrafiltration was quite adequate and the dialyses were uncomplicated by side effects. A failure rate of 7% occurred but none of the patients lost any appreciable quantity of blood.
Furosemide and Chloral Hydrate
Authors: Monte Malach
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THIS article deals with an adverse effect from the combination of intravenously administered furosemide (40 to 120 mg) preceded by oral nocturnal sedation with chloral hydrate in the same 24-hour period. These observations took place under the closely monitored control of the coronary care unit of The Brooklyn Hospital, in patients with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction of coronary insufficiency and congestive heart failure. The reaction consisted of diaphoresis, hot flashes, variable blood pressure including hypertension, and uneasiness in six patients. The substitution of flurazepam hydrochloride (Dalmane) as a nocturnal sedative in the same patients and its routine use subsequently in all patients in the coronary care unit has not resulted in any such reaction. The specificity of the reaction was clear and was noted on two separate occasions in the same patient (see next section). Repeated intravenous doses of furosemide without chloral hydrate in the preceding 24 hours
Characteristics of chronic hepatitis C in a Portuguese end stage renal disease population.
Authors: L. Lebre, C. Menezes-Oliveira, C. Nascimento, C. Barreto, A. Martins, J.D. Barata, M. Bruges, C. Cardoso, J.M. Boquinhas, M.J. Pais
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke in Never Smokers Is a Significant Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: David F. Yankelevitz, Claudia I. Henschke, Rowena Yip, Paolo Boffetta, Joseph Shemesh, Matthew D. Cham, Jagat Narula, Harvey S. Hecht
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Detection of an Abdominal Mycotic Aneurysm on Three-Phase Bone Scan A Case Report
Authors: BRENT J.W. CARSON, ALEXANDER J. B. McEWAN, MICHAEL E. HOSKINSON, CONOR G. MAGUIRE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 46-year-old male had low back pain, radiating into the legs, of 4 weeks duration. The patient described a single episode of bloody diarrhea 3 weeks previously, and for the past 3 days had complained of a low grade fever. Abdominal ultrasound and colonoscopy results were negative. Vertebral osteomyelitis was suspected and the patient was referred for a bone scan. The dynamic flow study demonstrated a focal area of increased activity on the anterior view just above the aortic bifurcation extending to the left. This activity was less intense on the blood pool images, while delayed images were normal. The scintigraphic findings were consistent with an abdominal aneurysm. Because an infectious process was suspected on the basis of the history, the possibility of a mycotic aneurysm was questioned. A repeat ultrasound, as well as a CT scan were performed. This confirmed the presence of a 4 cm saccular aneurysm arising from the anterior wall of the aorta just above the bifurcation. Salmonella enteritltls was cultured from the resected specimen.
Antigen recognition by H-2-restricted T cells. I. Cell-free antigen processing.
Authors: R Shimonkevitz, J Kappler, P Marrack, H Grey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We examined the ability of a set of cloned chicken ovalbumin (cOVA)-specific, Id-restricted, T cell hybridomas to produce interleukin-2 in response to cOVA presented by the Ia+ B cell lymphoma line, A20-2J. Although viable A20-2J cells presented native, denatured, and fragmented cOVA more or less equally well, A20-2J cells that were glutaraldehyde-fixed could present only enzymatically or chemically fragmented cOVA. These results suggest that antigen fragmentation may be both necessary and sufficient to define accessory cell processing of soluble antigens so that they may be recognized in association with I-region molecules by T cells.
The Principles and Practice of Morning Report
Authors: Thomas A. Parrino
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Morning report is a traditional ritual on academic medical services. At morning report, house staff and faculty review case management and the principles of clinical medicine. To understand better the role and function of morning report and to assess its value for supervision, teaching, and evaluation of clinical knowledge and skills, a survey of academic departments of medicine was conducted. A questionnaire was sent to 124 departments of medicine represented by the membership of the Association of Professors of Medicine. The response rate was 94%. Morning report was important for teaching and was also useful for evaluation of resident performance and quality of clinical care. Some potential problems were identified when the conference is used for peer review and performance evaluation. Morning report stands out as the only large, formal conference generally used for the evaluation of case management and the performance of medical residents. As such, its limitations must be recognized. Recommendations are made for taking advantage of the unique educational opportunities available at morning report.
Aberrant immunophenotype of blasts in myelodysplastic syndromes is a clinically relevant biomarker in predicting response to growth factor treatment
Authors: Theresia M. Westers, Canan Alhan, Martine E. D. Chamuleau, Maurice J. D. L. van der Vorst, Corien Eeltink, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht
Journal: Blood (2009)
Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Human Angiostatin Using Liver-Mediated Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy
Authors: Alshad S Lalani, Betty Chang, JianMin Lin, Scott S Case, Bo Luan, Wei-Wei Wu-Prior, Melinda VanRoey, Karin Jooss
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Angiostatin is a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. The therapeutic potential of adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene delivery of angiostatin in modulating tumor growth in vivo was evaluated. Sustained levels of angiostatin were detected in the sera of mice for up to 6 months after they received a single injection of AAV-angiostatin. AAV-mediated stable expression of angiostatin inhibited tumor burden in the highly aggressive B16F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models of experimental metastasis. Moreover, AAV-angiostatin prolonged survival in B16F10 and LLC tumor-bearing mice compared to control groups. Anti-tumor efficacy was consistently observed when angiostatin serum levels of 15-50 ng/ml were detected following gene transfer, but the effect was minimal when the levels were lower or higher than this range. The combination of AAV-angiostatin gene therapy with chemotherapy was also shown to extend marginally the survival of mice bearing preestablished human tumors; however, the effect was evident only within a narrow dose of circulating angiostatin. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using AAV anti-angiogenic gene therapy as a cancer treatment modality and suggest that the optimal anti-tumor efficacy of angiostatin following gene transfer may be limited to a narrow dose range.
Retinoblastoma‐related gene<i>Rb2/p130</i> are rarely mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma from Brazil
Authors: C.E. Klumb, E.P.S. Magluta, L.M.M. Rezende, A.G. Apa, J.F.S. Alonso, R.C. Maia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract It has been suggested that alterations of cell cycle genes probably contribute to the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in addition to c‐ MYC translocation. Mutations disrupting the normal nuclear localization signal of the retinoblastoma‐related gene Rb2/p130 have been documented in BL cell lines and primary tumors from endemic areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of Rb2/p130 gene in the pathogenesis of sporadic BL in Brazil. DNA samples from 26 pediatric BL tumors and two healthy blood donors were screened by PCR amplification followed by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exons 19 and 20 (B domain) and exons 21 and 22 (C‐terminus), where most of the point mutations in the Rb2/p130 gene were identified. No abnormal band shifts were present in the samples analyzed. We concluded that mutations in exons 19–22 of the Rb2/p130 are unlikely to be involved directly in the pathogenesis of sporadic Brazilian BL. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.