tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Obesity-Reply
Authors: Robert Malcolm
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Brightwell, Foster, and Lee for their critical commentsand interest in our article. We appreciate their remarks concerning the errors in our table (237:2831), and we have corrected the errors (see Table). We particularly regret the data of Penick et al<sup>3</sup>being reversed with that of Brightwell and Calncy<sup>4</sup>and the misspelling of Brightwell's and Clancy's names. We have made other minor data alterations to conform with Dr Brightwell's criticisms. We do feel that Brightwell, Foster, and Lee misinterpreted our intent on one issue that is very relevant to the efficacy of behavior modification in the treatment of obesity. We did not intentionally pick studies to show poor results for the treatment of obesity. Studies were chosen with a clinical population relevant to physicians who are treating obese patients with medical problems. Indeed, if so-called representative studies were taken from the behavior modification
Characterization of the antibody response in oesophageal cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: C A Egan, N Hanif, T B Taylor, L J Meyer, M J Petersen, J J Zone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a subepidermal, autoimmune bullous dermatosis. It is classified as a clinical subset of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, it differs from BP in some significant ways: (i) in CP mucosal involvement with clinical scarring is prominent; (ii) there is a prominent IgA class antibody response alone or in addition to the IgG class antibody response; and (iii) there is a heterogeneous antibody response in CP, whereas in BP the majority of the antibodies are directed against a 180-kDa hemidesmosomal protein, bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPAg2). Oesophageal involvement in CP is a rare, but often devastating manifestation. In this study we examined the humoral autoimmune response in oesophageal CP, in an attempt to characterize the autoantibody reactivity profile. We used direct and indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting using normal human skin and oesophagus substrates. We studied patient sera over time in order to search for evidence of epitope spreading in these patients. All patients had positive direct immunofluorescence of perilesional oesophageal epithelium. All patients had positive circulating antibasement membrane zone autoantibody titres. There was a significant IgA class in addition to an IgG class autoantibody response. IgA and IgG antibodies demonstrated significant reactivity with BPAg2 and the 97 kDa linear IgA disease antigen on Western immunoblot suggesting intraprotein epitope spreading. There was no evidence of interprotein epitope spreading over time. Our findings suggest that there is a heterogeneous antibody response in oesophageal CP with the predominant antigen being BPAg2.
Actions of a phorbol ester on factors regulating contraction in rabbit mesenteric artery.
Authors: T Fujiwara, T Itoh, Y Kubota, H Kuriyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effects of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on isometric tension, unloaded shortening velocity determined using the slack test (Vmax), and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC20) were investigated in intact and skinned muscle tissues of the rabbit mesenteric artery. In intact muscles exposed to 128 mM K+, the Vmax reached a maximum before the peak of the phasic component of contraction and reduced proportionally with changes in the amplitude of the subsequent tonic contraction. TPA (0.1 microM) enhanced to a greater extent the amplitude of the tonic than the phasic contraction. During the tonic phase, TPA enhanced the Vmax and amplitude of the contraction more than the phosphorylation of MLC20. In skinned muscles, Ca2+ (0.3-1.0 microM) increased the force, Vmax and MLC20 phosphorylation, in a dose dependent manner. The relation between any two of the above three parameters was always linear. TPA (0.1 microM) with phosphatidylserine (50 micrograms/ml) time-dependently increased the force and Vmax observed with 0.3-0.5 microM Ca2+. The relation between the force and Vmax shifted in the direction of that observed in the presence of high Ca2+, but in 0.5 microM Ca2+, TPA with phosphatidylserine showed little change in the phosphorylation of MLC20. As estimated from the actions of TPA, protein kinase C may contribute to activation of contractile proteins through MLC20 phosphorylation dependent and other regulatory processes.
Blood Donation by Patients With Hemochromatosis-Reply
Authors: Alfred J. Grindon
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As Dr Friedrich states, patients with hemochromatosis are quite capable of providing units of blood. However, the number of such patients in the United States is so few that they would provide only a minimal increase in available blood. I differ with him in his feeling that patients with hemochromatosis do not gain from blood donation. These patients currently incur significant cost and inconvenience in obtaining therapeutic phlebotomy services from hospitals, physicians' offices, or blood centers, and therefore may seek to be blood donors to avoid these costs, whether qualified or not. Finally, it is generally believed by regulating and accrediting agencies that laboratory procedures alone are insufficient to provide the required minimal risk of transfusion-transmitted disease. Dr Penning notes correctly that donor motivation is insufficient for product safety; however, it is a necessary element. As he points out, the practice of using this blood is allowed if
Primary Anorexia Nervosa or Weight Phobia in the Male: Report on 13 Cases
Authors: A. H. Crisp, D. A. Toms
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The cases of 13 men with anorexia nervosa are reported. While the disorder as seen in the clinic is much less common in males than females this may not be a true reflection of the differential sex or overall prevalence rates. The disorder is found to have the same basic characteristics in the male as in the female: namely, a phobic avoidance of normal weight associated with elective carbohydrate starvation and emaciation. As in the female the mechanism appears to develop out of normal adolescent dieting behaviour and to arise as a means of avoiding overwhelming psychosocial maturational demands of adolescence. Premorbid and family features include a state of overnutrition and a high degree of family psychopathology reflected in high rates of parental psychiatric morbidity and marital difficulty.
GANGLIONATED PLEXI ABLATION DIRECTED BY HIGH-FREQUENCY STIMULATION AND COMPLEX FRACTIONATED ATRIAL ELECTROGRAMS FOR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Aleksandr Romanov, Sergey Artyomenko, Natalia Shirokova, Alexey Turov, Alexander Karaskov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
CYANIDE POISONING, ACUTE AND NONFATAL, APPARENTLY FROM HOTEL SILVER POLISH
Authors: HUNTINGTON WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In June, 1928, about thirty persons attending a convention dinner at a leading hotel in Utica, N. Y., became acutely ill several hours following the meal. Dr. Hollingworth, city veterinarian, was asked to investigate the source of the trouble, which was considered to be food spoilage. No such cause could be discovered. In passing through the hotel pantries he detected the characteristic odor of prussic acid in a silver polish powder, used there as in many other hotels. It was later determined that this so-called silver-dip powder contained sodium cyanide to the extent of 20.54 per cent. Similar trouble was traced to the same product in a leading Syracuse hotel. The matter came to the attention of the New York State Health Department early in 1929, and two articles of warning appeared in the department's weekly Health News , Jan. 28, and July 22, 1929. 1   While visiting a large hotel
Association between CD4+CD25high T cells and atopy in children
Authors: Tuomas Jartti, Kristjan A. Burmeister, Christine M. Seroogy, Martha L. Jennens-Clough, Christopher J. Tisler, Lisa P. Salazar, Douglas F. DaSilva, Michael D. Evans, Rose F. Vrtis, Paul K. Wallace, Begona Ruiz-Perez, Ronald E. Gangnon, Robert F. Lemanske, James E. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Accelerated transfer of cholesteryl esters in dyslipidemic plasma. Role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein.
Authors: A Tall, E Granot, R Brocia, I Tabas, C Hesler, K Williams, M Denke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Plasma cholesteryl esters, synthesized in the high density lipoproteins (HDL), may be transferred to other lipoproteins by a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). We found a twofold increase in mass transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins in incubated hypercholesterolemic rabbit plasma compared with control. There was a two- to fourfold increase in the activity of CETP, measured in an isotopic assay in hypercholesterolemic plasma. A CETP-like molecule was isolated in increased amounts from hypercholesterolemic plasma. Incubated plasma from four dysbetalipoproteinemic subjects also showed an increase (threefold) in cholesteryl ester mass transfer, compared with normolipidemic controls. There was a twofold increase in the activity of CETP, assayed in whole or lipoprotein-free plasma. Thus, there is increased transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to potentially atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins in dyslipidemic rabbit and human plasma. The enhanced transfer results in part from increased activity of CETP, possibly reflecting an increase in CETP mass.
Relation between the C677T transition in the methylentetrahydrofolate reductase gene, plasma homocyst(e)ine and folate levels, and coronary artery disease in the GENICA (Genetic and Environmental Factors in Coronary Atherosclerosis) study
Authors: Gian Paolo Rossi, Maurizio Cesari, Alberto Burlina, Stefania Colonna, Mario Zanchetta, Giuseppe Maiolino, Pietro Maiolino, Achille Cesare Pessina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
IS QUININE AN OXYTOCIC?
Authors: J. A. Reagan
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Weaversville, N. C. There has been, and is yet, a controversy among medical men as to whether quinine has oxytocic properties or not, some contending that it has such beyond doubt, and warning the profession to be cautious in its use in cases of pregnancy, and others equally learned and experienced affirming that it is a mistake that quinine has no such theraputic action. May not both sides be correct, as the idiosyncracies are so very different? I once had a patient that neither quinine or ergot had any effect upon, but the decoction of uva ursi acted quickly and with power. I have a female friend to whom spirits of turpentine is more poisonous than the rhus toxicodendron-even a few drops, in lineament, rubbed on the hand, in a few hours will inflame her arm to the shoulder, producing the same effect as a thorough application of the poison
Interleukin-2 in Scleroderma: Correlation of Serum Level with Extent of Skin Involvement and Disease Duration
Authors: M. Bashar Kahaleh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To assess whether interleukin-2 has a role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Design: Observe serum effect on the in-vitro growth of an interleukin-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell line and determine serum level by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Setting: Outpatient rheumatology clinic of a university medical center. Patients: Sera were collected from 47 patients with scleroderma, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 14 matched control subjects. Measurements and Main Results: A significant mitogenic effect was observed in sera from patients with scleroderma of recent onset; a lower proliferative response was seen in rheumatoid sera. Matched control sera had no mitogenic activity. Sera from patients with scleroderma of recent onset supported the in-vitro growth of an interleukin-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell line. Matched control sera had no similar mitogenic activity. Interleukin-2 was found in sera from 41 of 47 patients with scleroderma (204 ± 356 U/mL, mean + SD), in 9 of 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2.04 + 5.16), and in none of 14 matched control subjects. There was a positive correlation between serum level and the skin progression index (skin score/disease duration). Conclusions: The presence of interleukin-2 in scleroderma sera strongly supports a role for T-cell activation in scleroderma. The association between serum levels and disease progression indicates that this T-cell process may participate in the progression of the disease.
Hepatic stellate cells: Partners in crime for liver metastases?
Authors: Ningling Kang, Gregory J. Gores, Vijay H. Shah
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were recently postulated as a component of the prometastatic liver microenvironment, because they can transdifferentiate into highly proliferative and motile myofibroblasts that are implicated in the desmoplastic reaction and metastatic growth. This review focuses on bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and HSCs in the liver microenvironment and discusses mechanisms whereby tumor-derived factors activate HSCs, and in turn, activated HSCs promote metastatic growth. Bidirectional interactions between tumors and HSCs may function as an “amplification loop” to further enhance metastatic growth in the liver. The activation of HSCs is a complex process regulated by multiple factors such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathways, which may present as therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of liver metastases. Conclusion: HSCs may present a new therapeutic target in the treatment of liver metastases. Targeting HSCs and/or myofibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β or platelet-derived growth factor antagonists in coordination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery may prove to be effective at reducing liver metastases and increasing the survival benefit of patients by targeting both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Monocytes of patients with recurrent unstable angina are hyper-responsive to lypopolysaccharide challenge
Authors: G. Liuzzo, D.J. Angiolillo, F. Ginnetti, G. Caligluri, V. Rizzello, E. Petrone, A. Kol, G. Sperti, L.M. Biasucci, A. Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Inflation of Precision in Medical Reports
Authors: Glen L. Hortin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters2 October 2001Inflation of Precision in Medical ReportsGlen L. Hortin, MD, PhDGlen L. Hortin, MD, PhDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It is somewhat amusing to see reports in which values are presented with nonsensical levels of precision, such as a serum creatinine concentration of 450.8 µmol/L and a bilirubin level of 738.7 µmol/L (1), a glucose level of 15.26 mmol/L (2), 11 823 molecules of CCR5 per cell (3), and medical costs of $37 610 for drug therapy (4). Where did that last 0.8 µmol/L of creatinine, 0.7 µmol/L of bilirubin, 0.06 µmol/L of glucose, 3 molecules of CCR5 per cell, and $10 of cost come from? I suppose that they all were created by a calculator ...References1. Hainer MI, Tsai N, Komura ST, Chiu CL. Fatal hepatorenal failure associated with hydrazine sulfate. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:877-80. [PMID: 11103057] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Okada S, Teramoto S, Matsuoka R. Recovery from theophylline toxicity by continuous hemodialysis with filtration [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:922. [PMID: 11103070] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Portales P, Clot J, Corbeau P. Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load due to sex differences in CCR5 expression [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:81-2. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Cheng CH, Sanders GD, Hlatky MA, Heidenreich P, McDonald KM, Lee BK, et al . Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:864-76. [PMID: 11103056] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia Carol H.F. Cheng , Gillian D. Sanders , Mark A. Hlatky , Paul Heidenreich , Kathryn M. McDonald , Byron K. Lee , Mary S. Larson , and Douglas K. Owens Fatal Hepatorenal Failure Associated with Hydrazine Sulfate Mark I. Hainer , Naoky Tsai , Steven T. Komura , and Charles L. Chiu Recovery from Theophylline Toxicity by Continuous Hemodialysis with Filtration Seiko Okada , Shinji Teramoto , and Rokuro Matsuoka Sex Differences in HIV-1 Viral Load Due to Sex Difference in CCR5 Expression Pierre Portales , Jacques Clot , and Pierre Corbeau Metrics 2 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 7Page: 549KeywordsAttentionBilirubinCreatinineDrug therapyGlucoseResearch laboratories ePublished: 2 October 2001 Issue Published: 2 October 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Impact of supervision of methadone consumption on deaths related to methadone overdose (1993-2008): analyses using OD4 index in England and Scotland
Authors: J. Strang, W. Hall, M. Hickman, S. M. Bird
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Aims/hypothesis</h3> Delayed maternal age, obesity and diabetes are associated with reduced fertility. We investigated how age and obesity/metabolic syndrome impact fertility and hypothesized that its decrease is due to defects in preimplantation embryo development. <h3>Methods</h3> Three groups of female C57Bl6 mice (12 weeks, 9 months and 1 year old) were fed either a high fat diet for 8 weeks, to induce obesity and the metabolic syndrome, or a control chow diet. Body weight and composition, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were assessed. Fecundity was evaluated by mating and pregnancy rates, as well as number of embryos. Embryo quality was assessed morphologically, and cell fate composition was analysed in preimplantation embryos by state-of-the-art single cell quantitative confocal image analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The high fat diet was associated with increased adiposity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, especially in the older mice. Fecundity was affected by age, more than by the diet. Both age and high fat diet were associated with reduced cell fate allocation, indicating a delay in preimplantation embryo development, and with increased expression of GATA3, an inhibitor of placentation. <h3>Conclusion/Interpretation</h3> These results support that age and the metabolic syndrome reduce fertility through mechanisms which are present at conception very early in pregnancy. <h3>What is already known about this subject?</h3> Lifestyle changes in modern societies have led to an increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and women tend to become pregnant later than ever. These factors have a negative influence on female fecundity. In mice, diet induced obesity is associated with poor quality oocytes that affect overall embryonic development. <h3>What is the key question?</h3> Do age and high fat diet influence cell fate differentiation during preimplantation embryo development? <h3>What are the new findings?</h3> Body composition and glucose metabolism are altered due to high fat diet even when weight is not affected in young animals. Although there are no differences in mating and fertilization rates, embryo quality is lower with high fat diet. Cells not fully committed to a cell fate (epiblast or primitive endoderm) are increased in embryos from mature dams or fed a high fat diet, indicating a delay in preimplantation embryo development. <h3>How might this impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?</h3> Our findings show a delay in early embryo development associated to obesity and maternal age. This delay could be responsible for the low fertility observed in women with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
A “Changing Stripe Sign” in Serial Pulmonary Perfusion Imaging
Authors: NAOYUKI WATANABE, NOBORU ORIUCHI, HIDEKI SUZUKI, MASASHI YUKIHIRO, YUMI FUKUSHIMA, TETSUYA HIGUCHI, TSUNEO HIRANO, MARI TOKUNAGA, KATSUMI TOMIYOSHI, TOMIO INOUE, KEIGO ENDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A stripe sign in pulmonary perfusion imaging is reported to be predictive of the absence of pulmonary embolism in the specific area of the stripe sign, and generally does not change on serial pulmonary perfusion imaging. The authors present the case of a patient with a stripe sign that disappeared on serial perfusion imaging without a ventilation abnormality. A “changing stripe sign” may raise suspicion for the possible existence of acute pulmonary embolism.
Secretoneurin Is a Novel Prognostic Cardiovascular Biomarker Associated With Cardiomyocyte Calcium Handling
Authors: Anett Hellebø Ottesen, William E. Louch, Cathrine R. Carlson, Ole J.B. Landsverk, Jouni Kurola, Rune Forstrøm Johansen, Morten K. Moe, Jan Magnus Aronsen, Arne Didrik Høiseth, Hilde Jarstadmarken, Ståle Nygård, Magnar Bjørås, Ivar Sjaastad, Ville Pettilä, Mats Stridsberg, Torbjørn Omland, Geir Christensen, Helge Røsjø
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Augmented effect of short-term pulsatile versus continuous insulin delivery on lipid metabolism but similar effect on whole-body glucose metabolism in obese subjects
Authors: O. Schmitz, S.B. Pedersen, A. Mengel, N. Pørksen, J. Bak, N. Møller, B. Richelsen, K.G.M.M. Alberti, P.C. Butler, H. Ørskov
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Achalasia With Dense Eosinophilic Infiltrate Responds to Steroid Therapy
Authors: Edoardo Savarino, Lorenzo Gemignani, Patrizia Zentilin, Nicola De Bortoli, Alberto Malesci, Luca Mastracci, Roberto Fiocca, Vincenzo Savarino
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Niacin at 56 Years of Age — Time for an Early Retirement?
Authors: Robert P. Giugliano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A reduction in serum cholesterol with niacin therapy in humans was first described in 1955, when Altschul and colleagues reported, in a letter to the editor, the findings in 11 healthy medical students and 57 patients.1 Subsequent clinical studies showed multiple favorable effects of niacin therapy on lipid particles, including decreases in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, small dense LDL cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein B and increases in levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and selective lipoprotein A-1 particles.2 The mechanism of action of niacin is complex, involves several biochemical pathways, and is still not well . . .