tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin a antibody against hepatitis B core antigen of polymeric and monomeric forms, as well as of IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses, in acute and chronic infection with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Mikio Hikata, Katsumi Tachibana, Mitsunobu Imai, Shigeko Naito, Akira Oinuma, Fumio Tsuda, Yuzo Miyakawa, Makoto Mayumi
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Solid-phase radioimmunoassays using monoclonal antibodies were used to assay antibody to hepatitis B core antigen of immunoglobulin A class in terms of polymeric and monomeric forms, as well as of IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses, in the serum of persons infected with hepatitis B virus. The level of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody was significantly higher in patients with acute hepatitis (mean +/- S.E., sample per normal ratio = 29.2 +/- 1.9) than that in asymptomatic carriers (2.1 +/- 0.1), patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (3.5 +/- 0.5), patients with chronic active hepatitis (6.9 +/- 1.3) or patients with cirrhosis (5.8 +/- 1.1). In acute type B hepatitis, only polymeric immunoglobulin A antibody of either IgA1 or IgA2 subclass was detected. In contrast, in chronic infection, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen of IgA2 subclass was found in the polymeric form, but antibody of IgA1 subclass was detected in both polymeric and monomeric forms.
Vincristine and Platelet Function
Authors: Peter G. Steinherz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article on the "Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura With Vincristine" (1982;247:1433), Gutterman and Stevenson attribute the possible beneficial effect of the drug to its effect on the endothelial cells.<sup>1</sup>They consider the vincristine sulfate treatment aside from agents that inhibit platelet aggregation, and state that the effect of<i>Vinca</i>alkaloids on platelets has not been defined. <i>Vinca</i>alkaloids dissolve microtubules and impair the particular cell function with which these structures appear to be associated. When platelets are incubated in vitro with<i>Vinca</i>alkaloids, the microtubules are disrupted, the discoid platelet becomes relatively spherical,<sup>2</sup>and interference with normal aggregation occurs.<sup>3</sup>We have demonstrated in vivo that a large percentage of patients receiving vincristine have a demonstrable thrombocytopathy with absent second-phase platelet aggregation to epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).<sup>4</sup>Therefore, the possible therapeutic effect of vincristine in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may be
Adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction in acute right ventricular hypertension
Authors: F. L GOLD, L. D HORWITZ, R. J BACHE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

This study tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergically mediated coronary vasoconstriction during the haemodynamic stress of right ventricular hypertension antagonises the effect of adenosine. Myocardial blood flow and plasma catecholamines were measured in 12 awake, but mildly sedated, chronically instrumented dogs during acute pulmonary artery constriction (PAC) before and during an infusion of adenosine (1 mg·kg−1 iv), with and without prior alpha blockade with phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg iv). PAC was performed by gradual inflation of a pulmonary artery hydraulic occluder until aortic pressure began to fall, after which aortic pressure was restored to control levels by aortic constriction. Heart rate was held constant by pacing. Two distinct patterns of response to adenosine during PAC were observed. Six dogs (group A) demonstrated attenuation of adenosine induced coronary vasodilatation; left ventricular (LV) myocardial flow fell from 7.35± 1.14 ml·mh−1·g−1 (±SE) during adenosine to 3.63±0.81 during PAC and adenosine (p<0.05). In the six remaining dogs (group B) attenuation was not observed (LV flow = 6.51±0.92 during adenosine; 8.14± 1.11 during PAC and adenosine). During PAC, both the severity of RV hypertension and levels of circulating catecholamines were greater in group A than in group B. Alpha-blockade partially restored adenosine responsiveness in group A during PAC, and LV flow increased to 6.23±0.80 (p<0.05). We propose that attenuation of the coronary flow response to adenosine infusion during PAC is related to the severity of PAC and alpha-adrenergically mediated coronary vasoconstriction.
Signature tagged mutagenesis in the functional genetic analysis of gastrointestinal pathogens
Authors: Joanne Cummins, Cormac G.M. Gahan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Signature tagged mutagenesis is a genetic approach that was developed to identify novel bacterial virulence factors. It is a negative selection method in which unique identification tags allow analysis of pools of mutants in mixed populations. The approach is particularly well suited to functional genetic analysis of the gastrointestinal phase of infection in foodborne pathogens and has the capacity to guide the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. In this review we outline the technical principles underpinning signature-tagged mutagenesis as well as novel sequencing-based approaches for transposon mutant identification such as TraDIS (transposon directed insertion-site sequencing). We also provide an analysis of screens that have been performed in gastrointestinal pathogens which are a global health concern (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica). The identification of key virulence loci through the use of signature tagged mutagenesis in mice and relevant larger animal models is discussed.
A Medical Response to Domestic Violence
Authors: Antonia C. Novello
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke
Authors: Jeffrey L. Saver, Mayank Goyal, Alain Bonafe, Hans-Christoph Diener, Elad I. Levy, Vitor M. Pereira, Gregory W. Albers, Christophe Cognard, David J. Cohen, Werner Hacke, Olav Jansen, Tudor G. Jovin, Heinrich P. Mattle, Raul G. Nogueira, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Dileep R. Yavagal, Blaise W. Baxter, Thomas G. Devlin, Demetrius K. Lopes, Vivek K. Reddy, Richard du Mesnil de Rochemont, Oliver C. Singer, Reza Jahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to occlusions in the proximal anterior intracranial circulation, less than 40% regain functional independence when treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) alone. Thrombectomy with the use of a stent retriever, in addition to intravenous t-PA, increases reperfusion rates and may improve long-term functional outcome.
MUTANTS OF NONPRODUCER CELL LINES TRANSFORMED BY MURINE SARCOMA VIRUS
Authors: N. Tsuchida, M. Shih, R. V. Gilden, M. Hatanaka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

BALB/3T3 cells transformed by the Kirsten sarcoma virus (nonvirus producer BALB/3T3 cells) and mutant cell lines derived therefrom by treatment with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were analyzed for expression of virus-specific RNA using single-stranded DNA transcripts of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), a virus activated in one of the cell lines (58-2T), and Ki-SV-specific DNA transcript; the latter transcript after removal of all sequences cross-reactive with RLV RNA. The Rauscher virus DNA detected multiple copies of viral RNA in virus-producing cells ( approximately 2.5 x 10(3)/cell) whether infected with RLV or activated to produce virus with BrdU. Nonproducer (NP) cells and normal BALB cells showed small numbers of RNA genomes (70-250/cell) and only partial saturation of the transcript. The intracellular RNA sedimented at 35S (main peak) with a variable minor peak at 20S with the exception of one mutant cell, M-43-2 (main peak at 26-27S). The 58-2T transcript reacted preferentially in NP cells and their derivatives with biphasic kinetics suggesting the possibility of sequences specific for the original transforming virus. The size of Ki-SV specific sequences were 30S in mutant cells whether or not complete virus was being produced and independent of in vivo transplantability.
Good medicine: homeopathy
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It was an intentional overdose. To prove a point I poured about 30 tiny tablets into my mouth and crunched them down. Because scientifically, I do not believe that these homeopathic pills have any active ingredient.⇑ 

Today, homeopathy is medicine’s whipping boy, repeatedly and systematically beaten to the ground. Yet despite explaining that the tablets are just placebos, homeopathy always gets up to take another beating. Some homeopathy is funded by the NHS, through general practice, and in the few homeopathic hospitals. This fact enrages the growling commissars of evidenced …
Evaluation of Comparative Treatment Trials
Authors: Helena Chmura Kraemer, Ellen Frank
Journal: JAMA (2010)

HE EVALUATION OF THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS of treatments should not depend on the statistical effect of treatments on individual measures of outcome (benefits or harms), but rather on the clinical effects of treatments (both benefits and harms) on individual patients who experience both benefits and harms. Such evaluation requires both statistical assessment of the rates of cooccurrence of such benefits and harms and clinical assessment of their combined clinical effects on patients. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), carried out appropriately, have the potential to move research rapidly toward personalized medicine. 1 However, to do this, RCT methodology must be updated. Several such updates already exist, some to promote optimal use of existing RCT methods (RCT registration, 2 CONSORT guidelines 3 ) and others to modify and extend their clinical significance (effect sizes) rather than statistical significance (P values) 4 or moderators of treatment choice. 5 However, all of these advances depend crucially on the quality of the RCT outcomes. RCTs should consider outcomes at the patient level, taking into account the simultaneous benefits and harms experienced by each patient, much as a physician does when deciding between 2 treatment options. Information on benefit alone is useful only if potential harms are of no clinical importance and vice versa. For instance, there is concern that use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in adolescents may increase the risk of suicidal ideation and suicidality. 6 If only benefits are considered, a small subgroup of young patients may be exposed to serious harm; however, if only harms are considered, other patients may be denied a potentially lifesaving treatment. Methods for assessing clinical effects of interventions on patients rather than on measures are already available, and better methods can be developed, but this type of information must be demanded of RCTs.
Prognosis in adult asthma: a national study.
Authors: H L Markowe, C J Bulpitt, M J Shipley, G Rose, D L Crombie, D M Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Although one million people consult their general practitioners for asthma each year, data on the prognosis of this disease are scarce, particularly in adults. Mortality was studied among 2547 adult asthmatics attending a national sample of 60 general practices between 1970 and 1976; they were compared with a matched group of non-asthmatic patients. Mortality from all causes was significantly raised in the asthmatic cohort (189 deaths v 112 among controls; relative risk 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.0), especially in women (92 v 42 deaths; relative risk 2.2 (1.5 to 3.1)), and in the oldest age group (55-59 years). In both sexes the predominant cause of excess mortality was respiratory disease, particularly asthma (25 v 0 deaths) and chronic obstructive airways disease (37 v 4 deaths; relative risk 8.8 (2.8 to 23)). Overall, 94% of the asthmatic cohort survived the mean follow up period of eight years compared with 96% of the controls. In contrast to previous findings, the risk of death due to malignant neoplasms was not significantly reduced overall (34 v 36 deaths), though the risk was significantly reduced among those aged under 45 years (2 v 10 deaths; relative risk 0.2 (0.02 to 0.9)) and there was a significant trend of lowering of relative risk with younger age (p less than 0.01).
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR OF POCKET HEMATOMA FORMATION AFTER PACEMAKER AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER- DEFIBRILLATOR PLACEMENT INDEPENDENT OF ANTICOAGULATION AND ANTIPLATELET AGENTS
Authors: Imdad Ahmed, William B. Nelson, Chad M. House, Ranjan Dahiya, Dennis W.X. Zhu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin as a Bridging Anticoagulant Early After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement
Authors: Philippe Meurin, Jean Yves Tabet, Hélène Weber, Nathalie Renaud, Ahmed Ben Driss
Journal: Circulation (2006)

After mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR), long-term use of unfractionated heparin is sometimes required because vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are temporarily contraindicated or because the time to reach the target international normalized ratio is long. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of low-molecular-weight heparin treatment in these patients.This work was conducted as a prospective study. We selected all patients (n=695) who underwent MHVR and were transferred to a postoperative cardiac rehabilitation center between January 2000 and January 2005. The study focused on patients who had not yet started VKA therapy or who had a below-target international normalized ratio despite VKA therapy. Unfractionated heparin was replaced by enoxaparin (100 IU/kg BID) until VKA treatment was fully effective. Two hundred fifty patients (60+/-11 years old) were enrolled 16+/-11 days after surgery (aortic valve replacement, n=190; mitral valve replacement, n=34; double valve replacement, n=26). Of these, 50% had permanent or transient atrial fibrillation, 40% had hypertension, 13% had diabetes, and 19% had a history of cardiac surgery. The mean duration of low-molecular-weight heparin treatment was 8.3+/-6.0 days. Patients were followed for 90 days, during which there were two major and three minor bleeding episodes and one transient ischemic attack. There were no cases of valve thrombosis and no deaths.After MHVR, one third of patients leave the cardiac surgery unit before VKA treatment is fully effective. Bridging anticoagulation therapy with enoxaparin appears to be feasible during this high-risk period for thromboembolism and could shorten the length of hospital stay.
Clinicopathological study of migratory lung infiltrates.
Authors: Y Miyagawa, N Nagata, N Shigematsu
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Clinical features and the histological appearances of transbronchial lung biopsy specimens were investigated in 11 patients with migratory infiltrates on the chest radiograph. Serum circulating immune complexes were increased at the time that infiltrates were present in all patients and the levels returned to normal as patients recovered clinically and radiologically. The Mantoux test response was negative in most patients. Fifty serial sections were obtained from each paraffin embedded biopsy specimen block and every 10th section was stained (step sectioning) with haematoxylin and eosin. Six patients (group 1) did not have eosinophilic infiltration; four of these had granulation tissue plugs within respiratory bronchioles when the tissue was examined by step sectioning. All had organising pneumonia and interstitial inflammation in the setting of a clinical picture consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia. In two cases IgG had been deposited in intraalveolar macrophages. Biopsy specimens in five patients (group 2) showed eosinophilic infiltration; four patients had chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and one the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Step sectioning of transbronchial biopsy specimens in patients with migratory pulmonary infiltrates is useful and may support the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia.
Autoantibodies in lupus and its variants: experience in 1000 patients.
Authors: G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1984)

actual presence of the parvovirus has not yet been shown in fifth disease, probably because the viraemia occurs during the incubation period and has waned before the rash is conspicuous.If this is so, it will be impossible to make a definite association between the B19 parvovirus and the disease until patients are studied in the phase before the rash appears.Nevertheless, every outbreak examined has had serological evidence of recent parvovirus infection, and it begins to seem that the virus is the exclusive cause of the disease.Much remains to be done.Studies are needed on the excretion and spread of the parvovirus.Although dot hybridisation with labelled viral DNA sequences now offers an alternative method of detection (Clewley JP, Anderson MJ, personal communications), the virus still cannot be isolated from body fluids and propagated in tissue culture.The incubation period of parvovirus related fifth disease has to be established, as have its haematological features, its complications, and the proportion of infections that are subclinical.It is particularly important to look for any effect on the fetus or newborn.Lastly, the definition of the disease ought to be reconsidered.Fifth disease was a name coined to assert that the disease was distinct from other erythematous illnesses of childhood.'It has no descriptive value and has probably survived only because it falls from the tongue more easily than "erythema infectiosum."If the name is retained, it should be clear what is meant by it.In its sporadic form fifth disease cannot always be recognised clinically, but a serological test for the human parvovirus will clarify the diagnosis when the condition is suspected.In fact, after 80 years of imprecision, fifth disease might now be defined as "that acute erythematous illness which is due to the human parvovirus."
Serum Chemistry in the Anxiety States: Albumin and Urea Changes
Authors: Albert E. Casey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  A recent EDITORIAL, Genetics and Schizophrenia (223: 1382, 1973) by Dr. Wender, stresses the need for biochemical research in the psychoses. Fairly comprehensive and statistically significant correlations of anxiety states, neuroses, and psychoses with low serum urea nitrogen and elevated albumin were overlooked. 1 A 28-chemistry Metabolic Profile was performed routinely and consecutively on admission on each of 41,145 patients from seven associated hospitals in the Birmingham area during 1968 and 1969 including Hill Crest, a psychiatric hospital. From the distributions of the serum chemistries the mode was taken as the critical point, and the central 50% of the population considered normal with each side of the curves analyzed separately. The upper 25% from the upper half was considered high, and the lower 25% from the lower half, low. Analysis was by the Chi-square test and probabilities of 0.01 or less were taken as significant. Only disease
Asymmetric Dimethyl l-Arginine (ADMA) is a critical regulator of myocardial reperfusion injury
Authors: M STUHLINGER, E CONCI, B HAUBNER, E STOCKER, J SCHWAIGHOFER, J COOKE, P TSAO, O PACHINGER, B METZLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Objective Endothelial dysfunction by the loss of nitric oxide (NO) is a critical event during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. Reduced NO availability signals important pathophysiological changes leading to myocardial reperfusion injury. We have recently shown that NO biosynthesis can be disturbed by the endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor ADMA and that these changes are mediated by an impairment of its metabolism by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). We therefore analyzed the role of ADMA and its metabolism in the setting of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Secretion of Pancreatic Enzymes in Response to Secretin and Pancreozymin.
Authors: Leslie Zieve
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Secretion of Pancreatic Enzymes in Response to Secretin and Pancreozymin.Leslie Zieve, M.D., F.A.C.P., Stephen Silvis, M.D., William Blackwood, M.D.Leslie Zieve, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Stephen Silvis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William Blackwood, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-725_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe secretion of pancreatic enzymes by normal and abnormal subjects was evaluated utilizing a standardized procedure in which secretin (SN) and pancreozymin (PZ) were injected intravenously simultaneously, and duodenal aspirations made for ½ hr immediately before and after the injection. In addition to the volume, pH, and bicarbonate content of the fluid aspirated, the following enzymes were measured: amylase, lipase, phospholipase A, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and desoxyribonuclease. All but the last two proved useful in the evaluation of pancreatic function. After an overnight fast, the median resting and post SN + PZ enzyme content in 12 normal subjects... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leslie Zieve, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Stephen Silvis, M.D.; William Blackwood, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 725-725KeywordsBicarbonatesEnzymesLeucineLipasesPhospholipasesSecretin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
GMC's guidance on HIV infection and AIDS is useful
Authors: I. Aston
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Gilles de Wildt and Helen Sweeney express concern1 about the General Medical Council's recent guidance on HIV infection and AIDS.2 The points they make about confidentiality form only part of the guidance. The authors give the impression that doctors will break the confidentiality of any health care worker whom they know to be infected with HIV. The guidance should be taken as a whole, and it explicitly states that doctors who are HIV positive should seek specialist advice on the extent to which …
More than half of UK prescriptions for antipsychotics are for non-severe mental illnesses
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Less than half the prescriptions for antipsychotic drugs issued in primary care in the United Kingdom are for the serious mental illnesses for which they are mainly licensed, a study has found.

Instead, a large proportion of prescriptions for drugs such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and quetiapine are being used to treat anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, often in older people, despite the greater risk of side effects in this age group, the BMJ Open study showed.1

For the study researchers from University College London and Camden and Islington NHS Trust analysed the recorded indications …