tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 856: Blood transfusions and the subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies
Authors: Cindy M. Chang, Scott Quinlen, Joan Warren, Eric Engels
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Blood transfusions are associated with viral transmission and immunomodulation, perhaps increasing subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies (HMs). Prior studies of transfusion recipients have lacked details on specific HM subtypes. Methods: We evaluated HM risk following blood transfusion in a U.S. population-based case-control study using cancer registry data (77,488 HM cases, 154,509 controls). Transfusions were identified using linked Medicare hospitalization claims. We used polytomous logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between transfusion and HM subtypes according to features suggestive of a causal relationship. Results: A history of transfusion was present in 7.9% of HM cases vs. 5.9% of controls. Associations were present for almost all HM subtypes but mostly appeared non-specific and suggested reverse causality: ORs were elevated only during the shortest latency periods; ORs for unspecified anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding, which may be related to undiagnosed HM, were stronger than for surgeries, which are unlikely to be related to HM; and/or there was no dose-response. In contrast, risk for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (1,397 cases) was elevated overall (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32-1.92), at long latency (OR 1.56 at 10+ years following transfusion), following transfusions for surgeries (ORs 1.22-1.47), and in a strong dose-response relationship with number of transfusion-related hospitalizations (OR=1.53 with 1 hospitalization; OR=1.80 with 2+ hospitalizations, p-trend&amp;lt;0.0001). Risk for marginal zone lymphoma (1,915 cases) was also elevated overall (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45) and at 10+ years following transfusion (OR 1.80). Discussion: Patterns of elevated risk for lymphoplasmacytic and marginal zone lymphomas suggest an etiologic role for transfusion. Both lymphoplasmacytic and marginal zone NHLs have previously been linked to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a blood-borne virus, but HCV infection is too uncommon to explain the association that we observed. Other immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, including pro-inflammatory effects, may be responsible. Strengths of our study include the large number of subjects, population-based sampling of cases and controls, and detailed information on HM subtypes. The large number of cases with each HM subtype allowed us to assess subtype-specific associations with blood transfusions, particularly in terms of latency periods, medical diagnoses and procedures, and dose-response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 856.
Detection of Unsuspected Metachronous Second Primary Malignancy Giving Rise to Supposed “Non-Iodine Avid Metastasis” in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Sandip Basu, Narendra Nair, Tanuja Shet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We, herein, explore the added aspect of FDG-PET to investigate an I-131 scan negative for differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), namely the identification of previously unsuspected second primary malignancies. We present 2 cases of DTC, showing metastatic lesions in the liver and the lungs but showing no I-131 uptake and hence was initially thought to be due to dedifferentiation. FDG-PET was performed as a part of a study to prospectively evaluate its usefulness in “noniodine concentrating metastases” of DTC and to look into the validity of the traditionally described “flip-flop” between I-131 whole-body scan (reflecting the sodium-iodide symporter status in the tumor) and FDG-PET (reflecting the glucose transporter status in the tumor). In addition to the uptake in the metastatic sites, FDG-PET demonstrated unusually intense foci of hypermetabolism in the gut and the right kidney. These were subsequently found to harbor clinically silent coexisting second primary malignancies at those sites giving rise to hepatic and pulmonary metastases. Thus FDG-PET, in both these cases, provided the correct explanation for the absence of radioiodine uptake in the metastatic sites, which were otherwise thought to be due to the loss of differentiation of DTC. This role of FDG-PET in incidentally detecting a coexisting additional primary malignancy giving rise to extensive metastases is relatively unexplored and adds a new dimension to its routine application of a metastatic survey in so-called noniodine avid thyroid carcinoma, which can have a significant bearing on subsequent patient management.
Depletion of GGA3 Stabilizes BACE and Enhances β-Secretase Activity
Authors: Giuseppina Tesco, Young Ho Koh, Eugene L. Kang, Andrew N. Cameron, Shinjita Das, Miguel Sena-Esteves, Mikko Hiltunen, Shao-Hua Yang, Zhenyu Zhong, Yong Shen, James W. Simpkins, Rudolph E. Tanzi
Journal: Neuron (2007)
The Making of a Tropical Disease—A Short History of Malaria
Authors: Markley H. Boyer
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Family's Request for Complementary Medicine After Patient Brain Death
Authors: Arthur Isak Applbaum, Jon C. Tilburt, Michael T. Collins, David Wendler
Journal: JAMA (2008)

A 19-year-old woman living with relatives in the United States who was admitted for elective cranial surgery for complications related to a congenital disorder developed an acute intracranial hemorrhage 10 days after surgery. The patient was declared dead following repeat negative apnea tests. The patient's father requested that the treating team administer an unverified traditional medicinal substance to the patient. Because of the unusual nature of this request, the treating team called an ethics consultation. The present article reviews this case and discusses other cases that share key features to determine whether and when it is appropriate to accommodate requests for interventions on patients who have been declared dead.
Lowering of Blood Pressure—The Lower, the Better?
Authors: F.H. Messerli, G. Mancia, C.R. Conti, A.C. Hewkin, S. Kupfer, A. Champion, R. Kolloch, A. Benetos, C.J. Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Blood pressure (BP) control is a major issue in nephrology, both in the predialysis phase of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and—more complex and controversial—while patients are on dialysis ([1][1]–[7][2]). There is no doubt that in renal patients hypertension aggravates progression and
Interstitial Lung Disease Due to Contamination of Forced Air Systems
Authors: JORDAN N. FINK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Eight patients had hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated home or office forced-air heating or air-conditioning systems. We studied their clinical and laboratory features, and the results indicated that this disease may occur as an acute or insidious form differing in type and intensity of respiratory and systemic symptoms. Thermophilic actinomycetes contaminating the forced air systems were identified as the sensitizing agents in most cases. Precipitating antibodies to the organisms could be shown in the serums of the patients and the antigen identified by immunofluorescent studies in the three lung biopsies examined by this method. Inhalation challenge studies with the cultured organism or other materials obtained from the forced air systems reproduced the clinical syndrome in the four patients tested. Avoidance of the contaminated system, and the use of corticosteroids in more severe cases, seems to be appropriate therapy for patients with this disease.
Surgeon’s 30-Day Outcomes Supporting the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial
Authors: Joshua C. Grimm, Isibor Arhuidese, Robert J. Beaulieu, Umair Qazi, Bruce A. Perler, Julie A. Freischlag, Mahmoud B. Malas
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

While the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) has been widely accepted as a landmark trial establishing an equivalent risk of major adverse events following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS), the applicability of these findings to single centers has been questioned owing to the rigid selection criteria for investigators in the study. Although refuted by the findings of a subsequent study, a substudy of CREST established a higher periprocedural stroke rate for CAS when the surgeon was a vascular surgeon.To present our 30-day results of stroke, death, myocardial infarction, and composite major adverse events to determine if a single vascular surgeon's outcomes at our hospital are consistent with the results of CREST.A retrospective analysis of patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis treated with CEA or CAS by a vascular surgeon at our institution from September 9, 2005, through December 17, 2012, was performed. A χ2 analysis was used to compare the incidence of specific high-risk patient characteristics in each group. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the risks of stroke, death, myocardial infarction, and composite major adverse events between CEA and CAS. These results were then compared with those reported in CREST.A total of 182 cases (94 CAS and 88 CEA) performed by a single vascular surgeon were included for analysis. While in CREST the periprocedural risk of stroke was higher following CAS (4.1% vs 2.3%, P = .01) and the risk of myocardial infarction was higher following CEA (2.3% vs 1.1%, P = .03), there was no significant difference in the incidence of these outcomes between the 2 treatment modalities in our study. When compared with CREST, our rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, death, and composite adverse events (CEA, 4.5% vs 3.4%; P = .79; CAS, 5.2% vs 4.3%; P >.99) were no different.Similar to CREST, the 30-day risk of composite major adverse events was equivalent for the 2 treatment modalities. We attribute our comparable incidence of perioperative stroke with CAS and CEA to improved patient selection. We excluded most patients older than 80 years and those with complex anatomy from consideration for CAS. Our results confirm those of CREST and demonstrate that both CEA and CAS can be performed safely by a vascular surgeon in properly selected patients.
Reaching out--community care in Bassetlaw.
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1993)

laugh with?If not, how could I begin to build up a support network?Once the first and crucial step has been taken of recognising that everyone needs help to handle what are very distressing events, the next step is to request and take advantage of all the support available.The stages that people go through during a transition are well charted (see figure).Understanding that the swings of mood are perfectly natural and that time is needed to work through all the stages helps the process.Sensitive counselling at critical periods can help greatly too.Another key area of preparation is in the creation of "stability zones"-constants in one's life which it is Shock Looking to the Denial future Mood Arnger Letting go \/ \ / Time Stages in transition important to maintain.People can handle change more effectively if they keep one thing constant rather than allowing everything to change.2Now is the time toidentify the constants and protect them.Safeguarding the security blanket can be very important in coping with considerable upheaval.An obvious subject for preparation is to remind oneself of one's assets.It is easy to overlook the range of transferable skills and experiences that one has accumulated in the course of a career and will now stand one in good stead.Recognising that security really only comes from within, people need to recognise and appreciate those qualities that will help them to face an uncertain future.In particular, it is worth examining earlier occasions when change was handled effectively and then explore how it was done and what skills and methods were used.If the policy makers are willing to leam from some of the mistakes made in industry, where hasty changes were made which led to a dramatic brain drain subsequently, the unpalatable adjustments that will need to be made in London should create less harm than will otherwise be the case.
Multiple loci identified in a genome-wide association study of prostate cancer
Authors: Gilles Thomas, Kevin B Jacobs, Meredith Yeager, Peter Kraft, Sholom Wacholder, Nick Orr, Kai Yu, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Robert Welch, Amy Hutchinson, Andrew Crenshaw, Geraldine Cancel-Tassin, Brian J Staats, Zhaoming Wang, Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet, Jun Fang, Xiang Deng, Sonja I Berndt, Eugenia E Calle, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Michael J Thun, Carmen Rodriguez, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Stephanie Weinstein, Fredrick R Schumacher, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C Willett, Olivier Cussenot, Antoine Valeri, Gerald L Andriole, E David Crawford, Margaret Tucker, Daniela S Gerhard, Joseph F Fraumeni, Robert Hoover, Richard B Hayes, David J Hunter, Stephen J Chanock
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Directives for Retained DNA: Preferences of Adolescent Patients with Substance and Conduct Problems and Their Siblings
Authors: Marilyn Coors, Susan Mikulich-Gilbertson, Kristen Raymond, Shannon Stover, Thomas Crowley, Sandra Brown, Susan Tapert
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment This research was supported by NIDA Grant DA011015, DA012845, DA021913 and DA021905. The authors would also like to acknowledge the thoughtful contributions of Joseph Sakai, MD. Disclosure: Marilyn Coors is married to the Chairman of MillerCoors; the company has not contributed any funds nor had any influence on the study. The other authors have no financial relationships that relate to the topic of this research.
Which drug for the adult epileptic patient: phenytoin or valproate?
Authors: D M Turnbull, D Howel, M D Rawlins, D W Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A series of 140 previously untreated patients with tonic-clonic or partial seizures were randomised to receive either phenytoin or sodium valproate. There was no difference between the treatment groups in pretreatment variables that might influence outcome. Sodium valproate and phenytoin in the treatment of tonic-clonic or partial seizures showed no difference in efficacy as regards time to two year remission or time to first seizure. When the possible prognostic factors were studied, including history and results of clinical examination and investigations before treatment; the only factor which influenced the proportion of patients achieving two year remission was type of seizure. Patients with a clinical history of partial seizures did significantly less well than those with a history of tonic-clonic seizures only. This study showed no major difference in efficacy between sodium valproate and phenytoin in adults with recent onset of epilepsy, irrespective of the type of seizures that the patient suffered.
Community treatment orders have not reduced admissions, study shows
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Controversial powers for the compulsory treatment of mental illness in the community, introduced five years ago in England and Wales, have not reduced rates of readmission to hospital as intended, a randomised controlled study has found.

Community treatment orders (CTOs), which were opposed by mental health charities, were meant to deal with the “revolving door syndrome”—the repeated release and involuntary readmission to hospital of patients with psychotic illnesses.

But the Oxford Community Treatment Order Evaluation Trial, published online in the Lancet , found that patients released from hospital under a CTO were just as likely to be readmitted to hospital during …
EXSTROPHY OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: F. GREGORY CONNELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

[Awarded Senn Medal at the Fifty-First Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, June 6, 1900. Received by the Committee, March, 1, 1900.] <h3>EMBRYOLOGY.</h3> Before considering a congenital deformity of the bladder, it will be advisable to review briefly the embryological development of the genito-urinary system, and, of necessity, the embryo as a whole. The ovum, a single cell with a single nucleus, soon after impregnation becomes, by karyokinesis, a mass of cells resembling in shape and appearance a mulberry, hence the name, morula. A clear fluid next accumulates in the center of this mass of cells; at first small, but gradually increasing in amount. Thus, the morula is converted into a globular vesicle, termed the blastodermic vesicle, the wall of which is at first composed of a single layer of cells—ectodermal, but later, a second layer of cells—entodermal—is completed. This double layer of cells is termed the blastoderm. The
Is ACC/AHA lesion classification predictive of successful coronary intervention in the era of new devices?
Authors: Edward T.A. Fry, James B. Hermiller, Thomas F. Peters, Charles M. Orr, James VanTassel, Duane C. Berkompas, Frank S. Salliel, Carmen Ernst, Brenda Erner, Bruce F. Waller, Cass A. Pinkerton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Translational control in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Authors: David Ron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

From the perspective of protein biosynthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be viewed as a processing plant for folding and posttranslational modification of secreted and integral membrane proteins.At any given time, the load of client proteins that the ER must handle is set by developmental programs and modulated by physiological considerations.Specific signaling pathways and effector mechanisms have evolved to deal with the temporal and developmental variation in ER load experienced by different cells in mutlicellular organisms.The upstream signal that activates these pathways is referred to as ER stress and is defined functionally as an imbalance between the load of client proteins facing the ER and the organelle's ability to process that load.ER stress can be provoked by a variety of pathophysiological conditions, for example, ischemia, hyperhomocystinemia, viral infections, and mutations that impair client protein folding (1-4).However, the phenotypes of mutations affecting components of the ER stress-response machinery reveal that ER stress is also a normal physiological phenomenon (reviewed in ref. 5).
Evidence for hydroxyl radical production by human neutrophils.
Authors: A I Tauber, B M Babior
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The possibility that neutrophils produce the hydroxyl radical (OH-) was studied by examining the ability of these cells to support the release of ethylene from methional, a reaction in which it has been shown that OH-, but not O2- or H2O2, may serve as the oxidizing agent. When neutrophils were exposed to opsonized zymosan in the presence of 0.35 mM methional, ethylene was released in quantities amounting to 44.6+/-3.6 pmol/10(6) cells/40 min. Ethylene production required the presence of neutrophils, opsonized zymosan, and methional, indicating that it was formed from methional by stimulated but not resting neutrophils. Ethylene was not produced by zymosan-treated cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, confirming the requirement for respiratory burst activity in this process. Ethylene production was suppressed by benzoic acid, an OH- scavenger. Superoxide dismutase (3 microgram/ml) reduced ethylene production to 21% of control levels, but catalase had no significant effect in this system. These findings indicate that stimulated neutrophils produce a highly reactive oxidizing radical, possibly OH-, which releases ethylene from methional, and that the O2-generated during the respiratory burst is involved in the production of this reactive species.
Severe peptic oesophagitis
Authors: P. L. Brunnen, A. M. Karmody, C. D. Needham
Journal: Gut (1969)

The incidence, clinical and investigative features, treatment, and course of severe oesophagitis in 200 patients seen and followed up in the Thoracic Surgical Department for north east Scotland from 1951 to 1967 are reviewed. The male/female ratio was 1/1.9. The incidence of severe oesophagitis (grades III and IV) approximated to 4.5 per 100,000; there was a dramatic increase from the age of 50 years onwards.Reflux, with or without hiatal hernia, precedes oesophagitis and has an incidence in excess of 86 per 100,000. It is difficult to assess the extent to which reflux produces mild oesophagitis, but it is clear that it only infrequently leads to the severe grades. Severe oesophagitis does not always need operative treatment. A conservative regime, supplemented by bouginage as required, enables the poorer-risk older patient to live a near-normal life span, in very reasonable comfort. Fifty-three patients of the whole series were operated upon, half primarily and half after previous conservative treatment. The problems of operative treatment are discussed. Newer procedures designed to prevent reflux now allow operation to be more freely advised.Perhaps, rather surprisingly, severe oesophagitis had very little effect on the expectation of life, whether treatment was conservative or operative.