tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Topical Clonidine for Diabetic Diarrhea
Authors: A. SACERDOTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1986Topical Clonidine for Diabetic DiarrheaA. SACERDOTE, M.D.A. SACERDOTE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-139_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article by Fedorak and associates (1) on treatment of diabetic diarrhea with clonidine. I recently used topical clonidine (Catapres TTs1; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut) to treat a 50-year-old woman who had diabetic diarrhea refractory to anticholinergicopiate (Lomotil; Searle & Co., San Juan, Puerto Rico) and to kaolin-pectin (Kaopectate, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan) treatment alone and in combination.Before use of topical clonidine, she had 15 to 20 stools per day that were liquid to semisolid. While using clonidine she had well-formed stools, and unlike the patients described in the report by Fedorak...Reference1. FEDORAK R, FIELD M, and CHANG E. Treatment of diabetic diarrhea with oral clonidine. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:197-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. SACERDOTE, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatmentWhat about clonidine for diarrhoea? A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effect in humansDiarrhea Related to Non-neoplastic Endocrine DiseasesGastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes MellitusGeriatric fecal incontinenceNeuromuscular diseases and disorders of the alimentary systemDiabetic Autonomic NeuropathyTreatment of diabetic gastroparesis with oral clonidineChronic Diarrhea in Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and an Approach to Diagnosis and TreatmentClinical Efficacy of Current Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Retrospective EvaluationTopical Clonidine and Diabetic GastroparesisAlan S. Sacerdote, MDDrug Information Analysis Service 1 July 1986Volume 105, Issue 1Page: 139-139KeywordsDiarrhea ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dyspnoea in a patient with cirrhosis
Authors: M W James, N. Taylor, G. P Aithal
Journal: Gut (2008)

This is an introduction to the Gut tutorial Dyspnoea in a patient with cirrhosis hosted on BMJ Learning—the best available learning website for medical professionals from the BMJ Group.

Clinical assessment, investigation and management of breathlessness in patients with chronic liver disease can be challenging and is often poorly performed or ignored. The …
Vaginal Gauze Packing Mimicking Malignancy in a Patient With Uterine Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yu-Chin Wu, Te-Chun Hsieh, Chia-Hung Kao, Shung-Shung Sun, Kuo-Yang Yen, Chih-Hsiu Wang, Yu-Yi Lin, Shih-Neng Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

This 54-year-old patient was diagnosed with advanced stage cervical cancer. After completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, an F-18 FDG PET/CT scan for assessing treatment response showed 2 foci with marked radioactivity in the pelvic region. The accompanying CT images localized one focus in the uterine cervix and another in the vagina. The focus in the vagina, which mimicked malignancy, proved to be urine-soaked vaginal gauze inserted after pelvic physical examination. This case report demonstrates a potential pitfall when interpreting F-18 FDG PET scans in patients with cervical cancer. It also emphasizes the importance of history taking, CT scan correlation, and dual time point imaging.
Intravenous immunoglobulin inhibits toll-like receptor 9-induced activation of auto-reactive B lymphocytes
Authors: S. Hillion, J.-O. Pers, S. Jean-Francois, D. Cornec, A. Saraux, P. Youinou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Inappropriate toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 signaling contributes to the activation of anti-dsDNA antibody-producing B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IVIg, which modulates B cell response through a sialic acid-CD22 lectin interaction (Hillion, Blood 2010), might also acts by repressing the TLR9 signal transduction. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Blood and tonsil mononuclear cell suspensions were enriched in B cells. TLR4, 7–8 and 9 were engaged using LPS, CL097 and CpG oligonucleotides, respectively. The SHP-1 phosphatase was inhibited by methyl 3-4 dephostatin, and the MyD 88 adaptor of TLRs by a specific blocking peptide. <h3>Results</h3> IVIg prevented the in vitro activation of TLR7 and TLR9, as shown by CD25, CD40 and class II-MHC downregulation. For this to occur, IVIg has to be continuously present in the culture. Furthermore, IVIg suppresses the production of the proinflammatory IL-6 as well as the immunostimulatory sequence-induced production of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. There was also an IVIg-mediated reduction of CXCR4 and CXCR5, two chemokines receptors dependent on engagement of the TLRs by their agonists. Finally, there appeared that the SHP-1 phosphatase was recruited by IVIg, as a feature of the B cell modulation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Taken together, our data suggest that IVIg could repress the TLR9-induced activation of B cells in autoimmunity, along with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This opens up a new therapeutic avenue in SLE and related diseases.
Each additional hour of cold ischemia time significantly increases the risk of graft failure and mortality following renal transplantation
Authors: Agnes Debout, Yohann Foucher, Katy Trébern-Launay, Christophe Legendre, Henri Kreis, Georges Mourad, Valérie Garrigue, Emmanuel Morelon, Fanny Buron, Lionel Rostaing, Nassim Kamar, Michèle Kessler, Marc Ladrière, Alexandra Poignas, Amina Blidi, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Magali Giral, Etienne Dantan
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Flip-flop Phenomenon in Radiohippuran Renal Imaging A Sign of Obstructive Nephropat
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, FRANK H. DeLAND, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

In the dynamic radionuclide brain study, decreased flow in one cerebral hemisphere during the arterial phase followed by relatively increased radioactivity as compared with the contralateral hemisphere has been termed the flip-flop phenomenon, and reflects the development of collateral circulation to the affected side. In I-131 Hippuran renal imaging, relatively decreased activity in one kidney frequently is observed during the initial phase of the study, and is followed by a gradual increase of radioactivity in the late images when compared with the contralateral kidney. To evaluate the significance of this renal flip-flop phenomenon, the studies from 23 patients with these findings were retrospectively compared with the clinical data and findings from other diagnostic studies (CT, ultrasound, intravenous pyelogram, autopsy). Partial obstruction of the renal collecting system was found in all 23 patients. The causes were 1) various malignant tumors in nine patients (colonic carcinoma, three patients; transitional cell carcinoma, three patients; prostatic carcinoma, two patients; seminoma, one patient), 2) ureteropelvic obstruction in three patients, 3) papillary necrosis in one patient, and 4) ureteral fibrosis in one patient. The flip-flop phenomenon reflects asymmetric renal tubular function with decrease (prolonged parenchymal transit time) in the affected kidney as a result of ipsilateral obstruction of the collecting system, while contralateral renal function remains normal or relatively normal. The presence of the flip-flop phenomenon in an I-131 Hippuran renal study suggests the existence of some degree of collecting system obstruction that has persisted long enough to result in renal parenchymal damage.
Abstract B34: Identifying sources of medical radiation in a population of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Single institution study
Authors: Robin L. Roher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose of study: Through record review including parental interview author will identify children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh in the period 1999–2009 who have had a preconception, prenatal or postnatal exposure to medical radiation. Description of experimental procedures: The necessity of identifying children at increased risk of childhood cancer through envirnomental exposures and genetics is increasing as the diagnosis rate remains fairly constant and even in the case of very successful therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia the relapse and refractory rates are significant. This study investigates correlation among a regional group of children in the United States through record review and construction and implementation of parental/family questionnaire. Summary of data: Preliminary study finds a variety of medical radiation exposures, primarily preconception in this cohort. There is a stronger correlation in children diagnosed with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This data is indicative of the first five years of the study which is still in progress. Conclusions: This study supports and documents the role of medical radiation in a cohort of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a five year period. Extension of the study and careful correlation with relevant genetic data on these identified children will be critical to the longitudinal study and its usefulness. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B34
Stipulating versus discovering representations
Authors: David C. Plaut, James L. McClelland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Page's proposal to stipulate representations in which individual units correspond to meaningful entities is too unconstrained to support effective theorizing. An approach combining general computational principles with domain-specific assumptions, in which learning is used to discover representations that are effective in solving tasks, provides more insight into why cognitive and neural systems are organized the way they are.
Initial Symbiont Contact Orchestrates Host-Organ-wide Transcriptional Changes that Prime Tissue Colonization
Authors: Natacha Kremer, Eva E.R. Philipp, Marie-Christine Carpentier, Caitlin A. Brennan, Lars Kraemer, Melissa A. Altura, René Augustin, Robert Häsler, Elizabeth A.C. Heath-Heckman, Suzanne M. Peyer, Julia Schwartzman, Bethany A. Rader, Edward G. Ruby, Philip Rosenstiel, Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
The Superantigen Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin C (SPE-C) Exhibits a Novel Mode of Action
Authors: Pei-Lin Li, Rodger E. Tiedemann, S. Louise Moffat, John D. Fraser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Recombinant streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPE-C) is a potent superantigen that stimulates Vβ2-bearing human T cells, but is inactive in mice. SPE-C binds with high affinity to both human HLA-DR and murine I-E molecules, but not to murine I-A molecules in a zinc-dependent fashion. Competition binding studies with other recombinant toxins revealed that SPE-C lacks the generic low affinity major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II α-chain binding site common to all other bacterial superantigens. Despite this, SPE-C cross-links MHC class II to induce homotypic aggregation of class II–bearing B cells. Nondenaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography revealed that both wild-type and recombinant SPE-C exist in a stable dimer at neutral or alkaline pH. These data support a recent crystal structure of SPE-C and reveal yet another mechanism by which bacterial superantigens ligate and cross-link MHC class II.
Prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha biosynthesis in human gastric mucosa: effect of chronic alcohol misuse.
Authors: C Bode, G Maute, J C Bode
Journal: Gut (1996)

The results of experimental studies support the hypothesis that decreased prostaglandin production might play a part in the gastric mucosal injury induced by alcohol. In this study, it was investigated whether alcohol misuse impairs the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in gastric mucosa.Fifty six alcoholic patients and 66 subjects without alcohol misuse were included in the study.Mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained from the antrum and body of the stomach. Maximal synthesis rates of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were determined in the microsomal fraction of the biopsy specimens.The rates of synthesis of both prostaglandins in biopsy specimens from the antrum were not significantly different from those obtained in the body. Synthesis of both prostaglandins was significantly reduced in alcoholic patients who abstained less than five days compared with the non-alcoholic group with normal mucosa (PGE2-40%, PGF2 alpha-42% respectively). In non-alcoholic patients with severe gastritis PGE2 synthesis was increased (+30%, p < 0.05) and PGF2 alpha synthesis was decreased (-42.5%, p < 0.025). In alcoholic patients with severe gastritis PGE2 synthesis was depressed by almost 60% (p < 0.001) compared with the non-alcoholic group with severe gastritis. Neither colonisation of Helicobacter pylori nor smoking had a significant influence on the prostaglandin synthesis.Chronic alcohol misuse is associated with significantly reduced capacity for prostaglandin synthesis in gastric mucosa and this alcohol induced decrease in prostaglandin synthesis is modulated by the presence and degree of gastritis.
Thinking of taking a staff grade post?
Authors: G. Buckley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The simple advice that should be given to a young doctor considering taking up a staff grade post is “Don't do it.” The posts are not for training. They are non- consultant career posts. The conservative traditions of medicine continue to regard being a principal in general practice or a consultant in one of the other specialties as the only legitimate end points of postgraduate training.

Traditionally, the British medical profession has been hostile to the development of non- consultant career grade staff, expressing this through both the BMA and the royal colleges. Grades such as the staff grade, or previously senior hospital medical officers, have been perceived as a threat to standards and a possible means of obtaining medical care on the cheap. It is interesting that clinical assistants and hospital practitioners are not viewed in the same way by the profession, since these doctors together contribute the same number of whole time equivalents to the health service as staff grade doctors.

It should be clearly understood that the staff grade is not a route to becoming a consultant. Even during the extended transition period for the introduction of the specialist registrar grade and the establishment of the specialist register, this is true. Only in exceptional circumstances is the Specialist Training Authority likely to accept time spent in a staff grade post as counting towards specialist training. Doctors who have occupied substantive or honorary career registrar or senior registrar posts in the past, and who could be considered to be within 12 months of completing a specialist training programme, may be given training numbers and allowed back into training. They will also need to have been in a staff grade post before January 1996. Other non-consultant career grade doctors may be recommended …
Uniliileral bullous pemphigoid in a hemiplegic palient
Authors: C.B. Bunker, E. Brown
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Uniliileral bullous pemphigoid in a hemiplegic palient Get access C.B. Bunker, C.B. Bunker Department of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Brown E. Brown Department of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Page 502, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03188.x Published: 01 October 1993
Onset of adolescent eating disorders: population based cohort study over 3 years
Authors: G C Patton, R Selzer, C Coffey, J B Carlin, R Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study the predictors of new eating disorders in an adolescent cohort. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study over 3 years with six waves. <b>Subjects:</b> Students, initially aged 14-15 years, from 44 secondary schools in the state of Victoria, Australia. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Weight (kg), height (cm), dieting (adolescent dieting scale), psychiatric morbidity (revised clinical interview schedule), and eating disorder (branched eating disorders test). Eating disorder (partial syndrome) was defined when a subject met two criteria for either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa according to the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, fourth edition (DSM-IV). <b>Results:</b> At the start of the study, 3.3% (29/888) of female subjects and 0.3% (2/811) of male subjects had partial syndromes of eating disorders. The rate of development of new eating disorder per 1000 person years of observation was 21.8 in female subjects and 6.0 in male subjects. Female subjects who dieted at a severe level were 18 times more likely to develop an eating disorder than those who did not diet, and female subjects who dieted at a moderate level were five times more likely to develop an eating disorder than those who did not diet. Psychiatric morbidity predicted the onset of eating disorder independently of dieting status so that those subjects in the highest morbidity category had an almost sevenfold increased risk of developing an eating disorder. After adjustment for earlier dieting and psychiatric morbidity, body mass index, extent of exercise, and sex were not predictive of new eating disorders. <b>Conclusions:</b> Dieting is the most important predictor of new eating disorders. Differences in the incidence of eating disorders between sexes were largely accounted for by the high rates of earlier dieting and psychiatric morbidity in the female subjects. In adolescents, controlling weight by exercise rather than diet restriction seems to carry less risk of development of eating disorders. <h3>Key messages</h3> Adolescent females who diet at a severe level are 18 times more likely to develop an eating disorder than those who do not diet, and those who diet at a moderate level are five times more likely to develop an eating disorder High levels of psychiatric morbidity in females increase the risk of developing eating disorders by sevenfold Around two thirds of new cases of eating disorder arise in females who have dieted moderately The predominance of eating disorders in females is largely explained by the higher rates of earlier dieting and psychiatric morbidity Daily exercise seems to be a less risky strategy for controlling weight in adolescents
Fixed drug eruption to mefenamic acid: a report of three cases
Authors: C.C. LONG, A.Y. FINLAY, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Mefenamic acid (Ponstan®) is widely used in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, and musculoskeletal pain. Although only 17 cases of fixed drug eruption provoked by mefenamic acid have been reported in the world literature, in a 7-day period a further three patients with fixed drug eruption due to mefenamic acid presented to the dermatology out-patient clinic of the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. The lesions of all the patients became inflamed within a few hours of taking the drug, but two of the three patients failed to appreciate the association. There have been no further episodes of inflammation since the patients avoided mefenamic acid.
Streptokinase still lysing coronary clots
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

While tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the<i>big</i>news in thrombolytic therapy for an evolving myocardial infarction (MI), evaluation of streptokinase for the same purpose is<i>continuing</i>news (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:689-694, 1982;248:805-811). In recent weeks, discussions at meetings sponsored by the Texas Heart Institute in Houston, the American College of Chest Physicians in Chicago, and the American Heart Association in Anaheim, Calif, have addressed these questions: How do results of streptokinase thrombolysis compare with results of other attempts to halt or limit an evolving MI? Should streptokinase be administered via an intracoronary or peripheral intravenous (IV) route? How soon should streptokinase be administered, and for how long, and what are the benefits in terms of survival and heart function? Part of the answer to the first question may come from an ongoing prospective study supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Md. The study
Medicare's Uncertain Future
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The United States has begun a painful reassessment of the alignment of social responsibilities among levels of government and between the public and private sectors. As this struggle unfolds, pressures on the government are intensifying to check the steady increase in the portion of the federal budget that serves the elderly, including the funds that finance Medicare. This exercise will be given to many fits and starts, particularly during election years, but it will very probably have important short-term and long-range consequences for Medicare.This fledgling movement, which stems from President Reagan's goal to retrench the scope of government and . . .
Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man.
Authors: J G Ayres
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man SIR,-Dr SB de C Baker and his team on the Isle of Man are to be congratulated on an excellent epidemiological analysis of sarcoidosis on the island (June 1987;42:420-30).The inference of their work is that there is a communicable factor as a result of prolonged close contact.This is analogous to tuberculosis, where close and lengthy contact with a source case increases the risk of an individual's developing the disease.However, their work does not rule out a common response to one or more other causative or contributory environmental factors shared by the cases.Indeed, the remarkable lack of cases occurring in married couples would point to a work (or non-domestic) related environmental factor, although what this might be is open to conjecture.One factor which has not apparently been analysed is the possible effect of cigarette smoking.Is there any evidence that sarcoidosis patients were more likely to be cigarette smokers than non-tuberculosis controls?If so, was there any pattern in the linked cases as regards cigarette smokingthat is, did some "linked groups" smoke while others did not?If the latter were true, this would point to different causative agents being responsible in different groups, cigarette smoking being a permissive factor.
Cardiac T-Cell Lymphoma Imaged With F-18 FDG PET-CT and Correlative Imaging
Authors: William Makis, Javier-A Novales-Diaz, Robert Lisbona
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Primary cardiac tumors are rare, and of these, primary cardiac lymphomas account for less than 1%. Most are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and the right atrium and right ventricle are the most frequently involved sites. The clinical presentation varies, but commonly involves pericardial effusions, AV block, valvular dysfunction, or heart failure. We present a 72-year-old man who was referred for an F-18 FDG PET-CT scan to evaluate a cardiac mass. An intensely hypermetabolic mass was observed replacing most of the right ventricle, which was confirmed with a contrast-enhanced CT as well as magnetic resonance imaging. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed a low-grade T-cell lymphoma. This is a rare report of a cardiac T-cell lymphoma imaged with F-18 FDG PET-CT.