tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Calcium, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Balance in Patients with Paget's Disease
Authors: B. A. Higgins, J. R. Nassim, R. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Prolonged exposure to increased quantities of fluoride, either in industry or in drinking-water, is likely to cause sclerotic changes in bones (Roholm, 1937).It has been suggested that this action could be of great benefit in the treatment of certain metabolic bone diseases.Accordingly Rich and Ensinck (1961) studied the effects of sodium fluoride 60 mg./day on the calcium balance of seven patients with osteoporosis and one with Paget's disease, and found a more positive balance in every case.A later report from these authors stated that the drug also produced a positive phosphorus balance (Rich and Ensinck, 1962).Purves (1962) treated 14 patients with Paget's disease with sodium fluoride 60 mg./day and reported considerable relief of pain in four to six weeks.Calcium balance studies were made before and during treatment on eight patients, and in six of them the balance became more positive.Bernstein, Guni, Cohen, Collins, and Tamvakopoulos (1963) studied an unspecified number of patients with various types of osteoporosis and Paget's disease before and after fluoride therapy (NaF 50-200 mg./day).They state that " fluoride initiates a grossly positive calcium balance mainly through increased gastric intestinal absorption of calcium."We present below the results of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen balance investigations carried out on three patients suffering from Paget's disease during treatment with sodium fluoride 60 mg./day under full metabolic control.
Commissioning in the English NHS
Authors: C. Paton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A failing system that needs to be abandoned

Commissioning in the English NHS was born officially in 1997, when the new Labour government dropped the previous Conservative government’s term “purchasing.” The aim was to signal that the culture of the competitive market was being replaced with collaboration between purchasers (health authorities, from 1997 to 2001) and providers (hospitals, mental health services, and community services), although the structure of the market—the split between purchaser and provider—remained. From 2002 the market was revived and commissioning became part of the new market.

Commissioning can be interpreted in two different ways. To some, it means collaboration between commissioners (primary care trusts and their associated general practices) and providers to determine healthcare needs and how to provide them in an affordable way. To others, commissioning is the means by which providers are disciplined—a view embraced by the Department of Health’s “world class commissioning” initiative, which is geared to making primary care trusts a meaningful countervailing power to hospitals.

Since the original “internal market” in the NHS, introduced in 1991, purchasing or commissioning has mutated through a series of confusing and frequent reorganisations, involving mutually incompatible policies and high costs.1 According to one recently published report from the House of Commons’ Health Select Committee,2 the costs of commissioning …
How is the Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis to be Made?
Authors: E. D. D. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1917)

C m lmJoU 741 for them free of charge under those Acts; h-lowever, such cases can be multiplied indefinitely wlhere people consider it more desirable to employ a handy-woman wlho remains in residence during the lying-in, period, and washes and liouselieeps for the household, wllile the unremunerated disiensary doctor is compelled to take over the work, and also the opprobritum of the untrained midwives' too- frequently-fatal mistakes.Where in the bill are we empowered to expel untrained women from the charge of a " Poor Law emnergency case " and substitute our trained lnurse?No suclh provision is made.Is the Local Government Board prepared to
Cleft Craft: The Evolution of Its Surgery, vol 3: Alveolar and Palatal Deformities
Authors: Blair O. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is the third and final outstanding volume in a trilogy written by plastic surgeon D. Ralph Millard, Jr, MD, of Miami, Fla. On the basis of his exceptional surgical experience in the treatment of cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, together with his collection of an apparently thorough set of references, and in his discussion of the world literature on this subject, Millard has succeeded in these three volumes to "chart the progress, create logical order, highlight the soundest principles and most effective modifications while condemning dangerous, obsolete and inadequate approaches in the evolution of the surgery of clefts of the lip, palate and face, from the first known Chinese work of AD 390 through part of AD 1980." Dr Millard's name is well known to residents and plastic surgeons alike throughout the world. The completion of this third volume presents all plastic surgeons, and all other specialists
Calcific Tendinitis and Soft-Tissue Calcification Resembling Gout
Authors: George R. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Eight cases have been evaluated in which calcific tendinitis presented as acute monarticular arthritis closely resembling acute gout. In each, soft-tissue calcification in the area of maximum tenderness was demonstrated. All had normal serum uric acid levels. Five of the individuals responded dramatically to colchicine therapy; the other three improved following treatment with phenylbutazone or oxyphenylbutazone. Another patient with uremia, who was undergoing hemodialysis, had extensive soft-tissue calcifications associated with acute inflammation also responsive to colchicine. The calcified material in this patient and in one of the patients with calcific tendinitis was found to be hydroxyapatite.
Connexin 32 dominant-negative mutant transgenic rats are resistant to hepatic damage by chemicals
Authors: Makoto Asamoto, Naomi Hokaiwado, Toshiya Murasaki, Tomoyuki Shirai
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Connexins are subunits of gap junction channels, which allow direct transfer of ions, secondary messenger molecules, and other metabolites between contacting cells. Gap junctions are believed to be involved in tissue homeostasis, embryonic development, and control of cell proliferation. Several studies have shown that cell damage signals are transmitted through gap junctions when cells are irradiated or when cells bearing the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene are treated with ganciclovir. We established 2 lines of transgenic rats with a dominant-negative mutant of connexin 32 gene under control of the albumin promoter. In the livers of transgenic rats, membrane localization of normal endogenous connexin 32 protein is disturbed, and gap junction capacity measured by scrape dye-transfer assay in vivo is markedly decreased when compared with wild-type rats. The present investigation concerned susceptibility to the liver-toxic substances D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride. These toxicants induced massive liver cell death and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the wild-type rats; however, much fewer liver cells were damaged and serum enzyme elevation was much lower in the transgenic rats. In conclusion, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an important role in toxic effects of chemicals; damage or death signals may pass through gap junctions in the rat liver in vivo . (Hepatology 2004;40:205-210.)
RNAi Targeting CXCR4 Inhibits Tumor Growth Through Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Tao Yu, Yingying Wu, Yi Huang, Chaoran Yan, Ying Liu, Zongsheng Wang, Xiaoyi Wang, Yuming Wen, Changmei Wang, Longjiang Li
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is involved in many human malignant tumors and plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. To explore the effects of CXCR4 expression on the malignant cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Tca8113 and SCC-9 cell lines, as well as their xenograft models, of nude mice were used to detect cancer cell proliferation alteration. This study also examined the corresponding molecular mechanism after CXCR4 knockdown using a recombinant lentiviral vector expressing small interference RNA (siRNA) for CXCR4. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CXCR4 in highly aggressive (Tca8113 and SCC-9) tumor cells significantly inhibited the proliferation of the two cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of >1,500 genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, and multiple signaling pathways were also altered. These results provide new evidence of CXCR4 as a promising tumor gene therapeutic target. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is involved in many human malignant tumors and plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. To explore the effects of CXCR4 expression on the malignant cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Tca8113 and SCC-9 cell lines, as well as their xenograft models, of nude mice were used to detect cancer cell proliferation alteration. This study also examined the corresponding molecular mechanism after CXCR4 knockdown using a recombinant lentiviral vector expressing small interference RNA (siRNA) for CXCR4. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CXCR4 in highly aggressive (Tca8113 and SCC-9) tumor cells significantly inhibited the proliferation of the two cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of >1,500 genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, and multiple signaling pathways were also altered. These results provide new evidence of CXCR4 as a promising tumor gene therapeutic target.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CLOTHING IN AIR CONDITIONING
Authors: C. P. YAGLOU
Journal: JAMA (1941)

A serious difficulty in the heating or cooling of buildings lies in reconciling conflicting comfort requirements of men and women. A temperature that is comfortable to men is as a rule too cool for women, and one that is acceptable to women is too warm for men. As a result buildings are usually overheated in winter for the sake of women and overcooled in summer to suit the men. Constitutional differences between men and women as well as differences in kind and amount of clothing worn are believed to be responsible for the double comfort standard, but according to the present study clothing differences appear to play a major role. The experiments were carried out in an air conditioned room by exposing healthy men and women subjects, mostly employes of the school, to ordinary air conditions that prevailed in the laboratories and offices of the school on the day of
PTH-094 Benefit Of Real Time Cytological Examination In Eus Guided Biopsy Of Suspected Pancreatic Malignancy
Authors: D Lloyd, A Al-Badri, H Gordon
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided sampling of advanced malignant pancreatic lesions is increasingly being performed in order to confirm malignancy prior to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The Royal Hampshire County Hospital provides EUS services for central and north Hampshire. Prior to mid-2013 there was no facility for examination of cytological specimens during EUS procedures. In line with national commissioning guidelines, a real time pathology service allowing cytological examination during the EUS procedure was instigated from 1<sup>st</sup> July 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of real time cytological examination on the yield of EUS guided sampling of suspected malignant pancreatic mass lesions. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy undergoing EUS guided tissue sampling over a 1 year period from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2013 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2013 were prospectively audited. Note was made of whether real time cytological examination was perfomed by a technician ± histopathologist. Other data collected included type of needle used, number of passes made with the biopsy needle and total duration of procedure. The diagnostic yield of EUS guided pancreatic sampling was compared with and without real time cytological examination. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-seven procedures were performed over the 12 month period. The majority (25 procedures) were performed using Procore™ fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles. Seventeen procedures were performed without real time cytological examination. Of these, 14 (82%) yielded positive cytology, 1 yielded negative cytology (6%) and there was insufficient tissue in 2 (12%) cases. Ten procedures were performed with real time cytological examination and of these all yielded positive cytology. Median number of passes made with the biopsy needle was 2 (range 2–3) without real time cytological examination versus 2 (range 1–4) with real time cytological examination. Mean procedure duration was 30 (±12) min without real time cytological examination versus 36 (±15) min with real time cytological examination. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our centre, the diagnostic yield of EUS guided sampling of suspected malignant pancreatic mass lesions without real time cytological examination was 82% which is in line with published data <sup>1</sup> However, the addition of real time cytological examination improved yield to 100% without significantly lengthening the procedure duration. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Hewitt MJ <i>et al</i>. EUS-guided FNA for diagnosis of solid pancreatic neoplasms: a meta-analysis. <i>Gastrointest Endosc</i> 2012; 75(2):319–31 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Varicella Pneumonia in an Adult
Authors: Marcelo Cordeiro dos Santos, Maria G Costa Alecrim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 26-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of cough, fever, and mild dyspnea. He had an exanthematous vesicular rash that had started 3 days before the respiratory symptoms began. He smoked cigarettes (30 per day for the previous 14 years). His daughter had recently had chickenpox; he had not been vaccinated against the disease nor did he have a history of it. A skin examination revealed a polymorphic rash with vesicles, pustules, and crusty lesions (Panel A). Chest radiography performed at the time of admission to our hospital showed multiple small nodules in both lungs (Panel B). There was . . .
Proenkephalin system in human polymorphonuclear cells. Production and release of a novel 1.0-kD peptide derived from synenkephalin.
Authors: O Vindrola, M R Padrós, A Sterin-Prync, A Ase, S Finkielman, V Nahmod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

In the hematopoietic system a pluripotent stem cell generates precursors for lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Proenkephalin-derived peptides were previously detected in differentiated lymphoid cells. We have studied whether the proenkephalin system is expressed in a typical differentiated cell of the myeloid lineage, the neutrophil. Human peripheral polymorphonuclear cells contain and release proenkephalin-derived peptides. The opioid portion of proenkephalin (met-enkephalin-containing peptides) was incompletely processed, resulting in the absence of low molecular weight products. The nonopioid synenkephalin (proenkephalin 1-70) molecule was completely processed to a 1.0-kD peptide derived from the COOH-terminal. This molecule was characterized in neutrophils by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The chemotactic peptide FMLP and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced the release of the proenkephalin-derived peptides, and this effect was potentiated by cytochalasin B. The materials secreted were similar to those present in the cell, although in the supernatant a higher proportion corresponded to more processed products. The 1.0-kD peptide was detected in human, bovine, and rat neutrophils, but the chromatographic pattern of synenkephalin-derived peptides suggests a differential posttranslational processing among species. These findings demonstrate the existence of the proenkephalin system in human neutrophils and the production and release of a novel 1.0-kD peptide derived from the synenkephalin molecule. The presence of opioid peptides in neutrophils suggests their participation in the inflammatory process, including a local analgesic effect.
Quantitative Tumor Apoptosis Imaging Using Technetium-99m–HYNIC Annexin V Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Christophe Van de Wiele, Christophe Lahorte, Hubert Vermeersch, D. Loose, Kris Mervillie, Neil D. Steinmetz, Jean-Luc Vanderheyden, Claude A. Cuvelier, Guido Slegers, Rudi A. Dierck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Radiolabeled annexin V may allow for repetitive and selective in vivo identification of apoptotic cell death without the need for invasive biopsy. This study reports on the relationship between quantitative technetium-99m- (99mTc-) 6-hydrazinonicotinic (HYNIC) radiolabeled annexin V tumor uptake, and the number of tumor apoptotic cells derived from histologic analysis.Twenty patients (18 men, two women) suspected of primary (n = 19) or recurrent (n = 1) head and neck carcinoma were included. All patients underwent a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tomography, and subsequent surgical resection of the suspected primary or recurrent tumor. Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V uptake in tumor lesions divided by the tumor volume, derived from CT, was related to the number of apoptotic cells per tumor high-power field derived from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays performed on sectioned tumor slices.Diagnosis was primary head and neck tumor in 18 patients, lymph node involvement of a cancer of unknown primary origin in one patient, and the absence of recurrence in one patient. Mean percentage absolute tumor uptake of the injected dose per cubic centimeter tumor volume derived from tomographic images was 0.0003% (standard deviation [SD], 0.0004%) at 1 hour postinjection (PI) and 0.0001% (SD, 0.0000%) at 5 to 6 hours PI (P =.012). Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake correlated well with the number of apoptotic cells if only tumor samples with no or minimal amounts of necrosis were considered.In the absence of necrosis, absolute 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake values correlate well with the number of apoptotic cells derived from TUNEL assays.
Higher tuberculosis mortality in India seen in those who have ever smoked
Authors: K Dheda
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Santhanakrishna T, Jha P. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43 000 adult male deaths and 35 000 controls. Lancet2003;362:507–15 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] . This case-control study examined the smoking habits and medical causes of mortality in men from southern India. The death rates of current or former smokers were double those of never smokers (RR = 2.1 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.2)). Of this excess mortality among smokers, a third involved … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DGajalakshmi%26rft.auinit1%253DV.%26rft.volume%253D362%26rft.issue%253D9383%26rft.spage%253D507%26rft.epage%253D515%26rft.atitle%253DSmoking%2Band%2Bmortality%2Bfrom%2Btuberculosis%2Band%2Bother%2Bdiseases%2Bin%2BIndia%253A%2Bretrospective%2Bstudy%2Bof%2B43000%2Badult%2Bmale%2Bdeaths%2Band%2B35000%2Bcontrols.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252803%252914109-8%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12932381%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14109-8&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12932381&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F2%2F115.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000184817600006&link_type=ISI
The Startle Reflex in Alcohol-Dependent Patients: Changes after Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Predictive Validity for Drinking Behavior
Authors: Sabine Loeber, Bernhard Croissant, Helmut Nakovics, Anke Zimmer, Alexander Georgi, Sabine Klein, Carsten Diener, Andreas Heinz, Karl Mann, Herta Flor
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

Previous studies demonstrated an attenuation of the affect-modulated startle reflex when alcohol-dependent patients were viewing alcohol-associated pictures. This indicates an appetitive valence of these stimuli. We used the affect-modulated startle reflex to assess the effects of behavioral treatment on the emotional processing of alcohol-associated stimuli. Further, we examined whether the affect-modulated startle reflex is a predictor of treatment success.Forty-three alcohol-dependent patients (21 females, mean age 45.67 years, SD 9.45) were recruited consecutively from an inpatient alcohol detoxification facility where patients attended a 3-week detoxification program including cognitive-behavioral treatment to successfully handle high-risk situations. The eye blink component of the affect-modulated startle response, self-reported cue-induced craving and skin conductance responses to alcohol-associated and control slides were assessed before and after treatment. Changes were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Drinking behavior was assessed in the 6 months following treatment, and a regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive validity of the affect-modulated startle response for drinking behavior.Drinking behavior as well as craving and skin conductance responses decreased significantly over time. The pattern of the affective modulation of the startle reflex was not altered over time. However, startle modulation and relapse were related, and within the group of relapsers, startle modulation was a significant predictor of drinking behavior.Our results suggest that the modulation of the startle reflex may reflect more enduring and permanent processes of emotional responding to alcohol-related cues than autonomic arousal and self-reported craving, and that startle modulation by alcohol-associated cues may be a better predictor of drinking behavior for relapsers than other measures. Further studies including a control condition are necessary to validate these findings.