tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF IN VIVO LOADING HISTORY OF THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT- A STUDY COMBINING PATELLAR POSITION, TILT, ALIGNMENT AND BONE SPECT/CT TRACER UPTAKE/DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS
Authors: Tobias Hirschmann Michael, Stephan Schön, Faik Afifi, Helmut Rasch, Enrique Adrian Testa, Niklaus Friederich, Markus Arnold
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction SPECT/CT could be used to evaluate the in vivo loading pattern of the patellofemoral joint before and after realignment surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate, whether the patella position (height and tilt) influences the intensity values as well as the distribution pattern of SPECT/CT tracer uptake in the patellofemoral joint. Methods 99mTc-HDP-SPECT/CT and conventional radiographs of consecutive 84 knees were prospectively obtained. Lateral radiographs were then analysed in terms of patellar height, the Insall-Salvati index and the modified Insall-Salvati index. Skyline views were analysed measuring the lateral patellofemoral angle according to Laurin. On long leg radiographs the mechanical leg alignment was classified as varus, valgus or neutral. 99mTc-HDP-SPECT/CT images were analysed for each anatomical region using a previously validated SPECT/CT localisation and grading algorithm. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum of grading for each area of the localization scheme were recorded using a semiquantitative colour-coded grading scale (0–10). Nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficients were used to correlate the patella height, the lateral patellar angle and leg alignment measurements with the intensity of tracer uptake in each area of interest. Chi square statistics were used for categorical data. The level of statistical significance was p&lt;0.05. Results 16 (19%) knees showed valgus, 34 (40.5%) varus and 34 (40.5%) neutral mechanical alignment. A lower patella position correlated significantly with higher 99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT tracer uptake in all patellar and lateral femoral regions (p&lt;0.001). A higher lateral patellar angle correlated significantly with higher 99mTc-HDP tracer uptake in the superior lateral femoral parts and the tibial tubercle. The intensity of 99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT tracer uptake on the medial part of the patellofemoral joint significantly correlated with mechanical varus alignment of the knee (p&lt;0.05). The intensity of 99mTc-HDP tracer uptake on the lateral part of the patellofemoral joint significantly correlated with mechanical valgus alignment of the knee (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions The intensity and distribution of the SPECT/CT significantly correlated with patella infera and patellar tilt angle, measured in conventional radiographs. Hence, SPECT/CT should be considered as imaging modality for evaluating patients with patellofemoral disorders and for follow-up of patients after patellofemoral realignment procedures.
High mortality from Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children living with sickle cell anemia on the coast of Kenya
Authors: Charlotte F. McAuley, Clare Webb, Julie Makani, Alexander Macharia, Sophie Uyoga, Daniel H. Opi, Carolyne Ndila, Antony Ngatia, John Anthony G. Scott, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N. Williams
Journal: Blood (2010)
Tobacco, Tulips, and Terminal Care
Authors: Maryella Desak Sirmon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

On Being a Doctor15 November 1993Tobacco, Tulips, and Terminal CareMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDUniversity of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36617.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Seventy-two hours was a long time. But soon the conflicts would be resolved. While John's body struggled for breath and his soul struggled for eternity, she considered the internal conflict she faced. What role should she play? Doctor? Daughter? Could she somehow be both? As she contemplated his death, memories of his life and their shared bonds trickled in. She reached across and held his hand and automatically checked a radial pulse for rate and rhythm.John smokeda lot. Mostly back when cigarettes and martinis were still fashionable and Ronald Reagan's face adorned Chesterfield posters. Early years on the farm ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDAffiliations: University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36617.Corresponding Author: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD, Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 2451 Fillingim Street, Mobile, AL 36617. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFamily Caregivers, Patients and Physicians: Ethical Guidance to Optimize Relationships 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1042-1043KeywordsAntibioticsDyspneaEuthanasiaHealth careHeartHospitalizationsMemorySuicideTwinsVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Inhaled Long-Acting Beta-Agonists — The Influence of Values
Authors: Judith M. Kramer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In December 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) convened a joint meeting of the Pediatric Advisory Committee, the Pulmonary–Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee, and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee (of which I am a member) to review the risks and benefits of inhaled long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for the treatment of asthma in adults and children. Committee members were asked to weigh the public health implications of real and serious but relatively infrequent occurrences of severe asthma exacerbations and asthma-related death against the symptomatic benefits of bronchodilation and asthma control. The drugs in question included single-agent LABA products . . .
Predicting bacterial cause in infectious conjunctivitis: Authors' reply
Authors: Remco P Rietveld, Henk C P M van Weert, Gerben ter Riet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Glaser asked for clarification of “history of conjunctivitis.” We meant a self reported medical history. We asked patients if they had a history of allergic eye disease, prior infection of the eye with comparable symptoms, or other eye diseases.

We agree with Clarke that a conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia can cause sticky eyes. A compromised immune system and an active sexually transmitted disease such as Chlamydia were exclusion criteria …
FADS AND FOLLIES I HAVE KNOWN.
Authors: ROBERT H. DALTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The present state of medicine is the result of a grand evolution and, like all achievements of the human mind, claims but an humble origin. Its progression has been marked by error and superstition from time to time, and even now, when it justly demands the highest rank, it is probably liable to the same change; for while we are certain that superstition must be eliminated, we are not so sure that grave errors may not be exposed by time and more patient investigation. I propose to indulge in a temperate consideration of facts that fell under my personal observation in the early part of my career, eschewing those which seemed to have a basis of merit, but really may have tended to retard the progress of scientific medicine, some of which, even at this enlightened period, are seriously agitating our profession, and may hereafter be ridiculed and laughed at,
Abrogation of Microsatellite-instable Tumors Using a Highly Selective Suicide Gene/Prodrug Combination
Authors: Cristina Ferrás, Joachim AF Oude Vrielink, Johan WA Verspuy, Hein te Riele, Anastasia Tsaalbi-Shtylik, Niels de Wind
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

A substantial fraction of sporadic and inherited colorectal and endometrial cancers in humans is deficient in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). These cancers are characterized by length alterations in ubiquitous simple sequence repeats, a phenotype called microsatellite instability. Here we have exploited this phenotype by developing a novel approach for the highly selective gene therapy of MMR-deficient tumors. To achieve this selectivity, we mutated the VP22FCU1 suicide gene by inserting an out-of-frame microsatellite within its coding region. We show that in a significant fraction of microsatellite-instable (MSI) cells carrying the mutated suicide gene, full-length protein becomes expressed within a few cell doublings, presumably resulting from a reverting frameshift within the inserted microsatellite. Treatment of these cells with the innocuous prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) induces strong cytotoxicity and we demonstrate that this owes to multiple bystander effects conferred by the suicide gene/prodrug combination. In a mouse model, MMR-deficient tumors that contained the out-of-frame VP22FCU1 gene displayed strong remission after treatment with 5-FC, without any obvious adverse systemic effects to the mouse. By virtue of its high selectivity and potency, this conditional enzyme/prodrug combination may hold promise for the treatment or prevention of MMR-deficient cancer in humans.
The Valve-in-Valve Technique for Treatment of Aortic Bioprosthesis Malposition
Authors: Gian Paolo Ussia, Marco Barbanti, Angelo Ramondo, Anna Sonia Petronio, Federica Ettori, Gennaro Santoro, Silvio Klugmann, Francesco Bedogni, Francesco Maisano, Antonio Marzocchi, Arnaldo Poli, Massimo Napodano, Corrado Tamburino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Bisphosphonates as antimyeloma drugs
Authors: N D Modi, S Lentzsch
Journal: Leukemia (2011)

In patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM), bisphosphonate (BP) treatment has been widely used to prevent bone loss and preserve skeletal health because of its proven effects on inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In addition to their effects on osteoclasts, it is becoming increasingly evident that BPs may have additional effects on the bone microenvironment and cells other than osteoclasts that may potentially inhibit the development and progression of MM. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of MM with an emphasis on the events that drive MM progression within the bone and the mechanisms by which BPs may inhibit specific processes. The underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the modulation of cellular fate and function and consequent physiological outcomes are described. Direct effects on myeloma cell growth and survival and the interactions between myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment are discussed. Clinical evidence of the antimyeloma effects of BPs is emerging and is also reviewed.
Requirement for Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>Receptor 1 in Allergen-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Nobuaki Miyahara, Katsuyuki Takeda, Satoko Miyahara, Shigeki Matsubara, Toshiyuki Koya, Anthony Joetham, Elangovan Krishnan, Azzeddine Dakhama, Bodduluri Haribabu, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a rapidly synthesized, early leukocyte chemoattractant that signals via its cell surface receptor, leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), to attract and activate leukocytes during inflammation. A role for the LTB4–BLT1 pathway in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation is not well defined. Objectives: To define the role of the LTB4 receptor (BLT1) in the development of airway inflammation and altered airway function. Methods: BLT1-deficient (BLT1−/−) mice and wild-type mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection and then challenged with ovalbumin via the airways. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell composition and cytokine levels, and lung inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia were assessed. Results: Compared with wild-type mice, BLT1−/− mice developed significantly lower airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, lower goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways, and decreased interleukin (IL)-13 production both in vivo, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and in vitro, after antigen stimulation of lung cells in culture. Intracellular cytokine staining of lung cells revealed that bronchoalveolar lavage IL-13 levels and numbers of IL-13+/CD4+ and IL-13+/CD8+ T cells were also reduced in BLT1−/− mice. Reconstitution of sensitized and challenged BLT1−/− mice with allergen-sensitized BLT1+/+ T cells fully restored the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. In contrast, transfer of naive T cells failed to do so. Conclusion: These data suggest that BLT1 expression on primed T cells is required for the full development of airway hyperresponsiveness, which appears to be associated with IL-13 production in these cells.
313. Efficacy of Group I Intron-Based Trans-Splicing Ribozyme in Tumor-Targeted Gene Therapy
Authors: Byung-Su Kwon, Ju Hyun Kim, Jin-Sook Jeong, In-Hoo Kim, Seong-Wook Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The self-splicing group I intron from Tetrahymena thermophila has been shown to mediate trans-splicing of an exon ligated to its 3' end onto a targeted and separate 5' exon RNA. In human cells, the trans-splicing ribozymes were demonstrated to be useful for therapeutic repair of defective transcripts which cause genetic or malignant diseases. In addition, we have previously presented that this ribozyme could be also utilized for the selective induction of new gene activities in target cells by recognizing the cell-specific RNA and catalyzing the in-frame fusion of desired RNA sequences. Especially, we developed hTERT-targeting specific trans-splicing ribozyme to efficiently and specifically direct tumor-specific cytotoxicity by transcriptional targeting and RNA replacement because human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly and selectively expressed in 90% of malignant tumors and tumor cell lines. Delivery of adenoviral vector encoding the ribozyme into a peritoneal carcinomatosis nude mouse model induced highly selective expression of a reporter gene in the human tumors but not in normal mouse organs, and moreover, caused the efficient regression of hTERT-positive tumors. This trans-splicing ribozyme will have the advantage of cumulative effects of hTERT level reduction and cytotoxin gene induction in hTERT positive cancer cells with tissue specificity. In this study, in order to further investigate therapeutic feasibility of the ribozyme, we studied trans-splicing efficacy and the limiting factor of trans-splicing ribozyme's activity not only in cells but in vivo. We observed the expression level of hTERT RNA which is ribozyme's target, the ribozyme, and the trans-splicing RNA product in various cancer cell lines using real-time RT-PCR analysis, and then found that the activity and efficacy of the trans-splicing ribozyme was dependent on the amount of ribozyme in cells which have limited level of target RNA. Moreover, we could observe that the efficacy of the trans-splicing ribozyme in tumor tissues in which ribozyme-encoding adenoviral vector has been delivered is enhanced in a virus dose-dependent manner. However, reduction level of target RNA has reached to plateau even at highest amount of the ribozyme, indicating that inhibition alone of telomerase level by ribozyme might be insufficient to reduce caner cell proliferation. In contrast, trans-splicing-mediated delivery of the HSVtk suicide gene with the corresponding prodrug (GCV) treatment hampered tumor progression in an hTERT-specific manner with almost the same efficacy as the strong constitutional CMV promoter-driven adenoviral vector. Taken together, this study indicate that RNA replacement by trans-splicing ribozyme could be a potent and specific anti-cancer agent by delivery of therapeutic gene activities only into cancer cells expressing the chosen target RNA.
Assessment of coronary flow reserve: comparison between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography
Authors: Tareq Ibrahim, Stephan G. Nekolla, Karin Schreiber, Kenichi Odaka, Stefan Volz, Julinda Mehilli, Martin Güthlin, Wolfram Delius, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A NEW TYPE OF RECTAL SPECULUM FOR USE IN EXAMINING AND OPERATING
Authors: J. F. Montague
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A rectal speculum combining both a direct and a lateral view without removal and reinsertion of the speculum is of advantage both in examining the rectum and in operative work. The instrument I use is essentially a short, split, circular tube provided with an obturator and also with a hinge joint on its inferior surface; the handles controlling the sides are kept apart by a spring between them or in any intermediate position between "open" and "closed" by means of the automatic rachet-way between the handles. A long lip on the edge of the rachet-bar effectually prevents pinching of the mucosa on withdrawing the instrument, as complete closure cannot be made except by deliberate attempt. To use this instrument as an ordinary proctoscope or anoscope, it is merely inserted and the obturator removed. This affords a direct view of the rectal cavity and anal canal. Should a lateral view be
Ephraim McDowell, the First Ovariotomy, and the Birth of Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Leora Horn, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Article Tools HISTORY OF ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7261 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print February 1, 2010 PMID: 20124170 Ephraim McDowell, the First Ovariotomy, and the Birth of Abdominal Surgery Leora HornxLeora HornSearch for articles by this author , David H. JohnsonxDavid H. JohnsonSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7261 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2010 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Head of inquiry into WHO's handling of the H1N1 pandemic says he will present a "critical" report
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The head of an international investigative panel looking into the World Health Organization’s handling of the H1N1 influenza pandemic has promised the inquiry will present a “critical” and transparent report.

Harvey Fineberg, chairman of the external review committee, told members of WHO’s governing board that the report will deal with all the criticisms levelled at the agency, such as how it defined a pandemic, and identify lessons for strengthening preparedness and scope for a future response to a pandemic. He said the report will reflect all views, …
Deal between Weight Watchers and McDonald's in NZ provokes anger
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In the world’s first such deal McDonald’s New Zealand has begun serving meals that are approved by Weight Watchers.

Both companies say that their new partnership aims to promote healthier eating, but public health experts warn that it may have the opposite effect.

Mike Daube, president of the Public Health Association Australia, called the deal a “brilliant promotion for junk food.”

“This is about giving a health halo to junk food,” he said. “It shows atrocious judgment on the part of Weight Watchers.”

Public health experts at the University of Sydney said they were concerned that the deal may be to the benefit of the companies’ bottom lines rather than the health of the community. …
Early and frequent detection of HBxAg and/or anti-HBx in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Ludmila Vitvitski-Trépo, Alan Kay, Christian Pichoud, Philippe Chevallier, Stéphane de Dinechin, Blanche-Marie Shamoon, Elisabeth Mandart, Christian Trépo, Francis Galibert
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To clarify the significance of the X gene of hepatitis B virus, we have tested for anti-HBx in the serum and HBxAg in the liver at different stages of the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. Sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results confirmed by immunoblot. Purified recombinant MS2 Pol-HBx fusion protein was used as target for both assays. Among serial sera of patients with nonfulminant acute hepatitis, 24 of 64 patients (37.5%) were positive for anti-HBx. In fulminant cases, 15 of 36 patients (42%) had anti-HBx. In chronic hepatitis patients with high rates of hepatitis B virus replication, we found a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher prevalence of anti-HBx, 14 of 25 patients (56%), than in those with low replication, 14 of 66 patients (21%), or among asymptomatic HBsAg carrier blood donors (20 of 126 = 16%) without detectable hepatitis B virus replication (p less than 0.0001). The highest prevalence of anti-HBx was found in HBsAg carriers with cirrhosis (41 of 54 patients = 76%) and/or with hepatocellular carcinoma (18 of 33 patients = 54%). The findings suggest that anti-HBx appears as a common and early marker of hepatitis B virus infection, transient in self-limited hepatitis but persisting with progression to chronicity. In chronic hepatitis, the prevalence of anti-HBx correlated with the intensity and duration of hepatitis B virus replication but neither with the severity of the liver disease nor with malignant transformation per se.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcium-dependent regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiac myocytes: just the beginning?
Authors: K. H. Yuill, S. V. Smirnov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

The Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and the Ca2+/CaM-sensitive kinase (CaMKII) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, regulating ryanodine receptor and phospholamban activity.1 CaM is also known to regulate a variety of ion channels; voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are the classical example, and CaM has been identified as the mediator of Ca2+-dependent channel inactivation. The discovery that Ca2+-dependent inactivation is associated with a specific region in the C-terminus containing a consensus ‘IQ’ motif2 initiated the pursuance of calcium-dependent regulation of other ion channels.

The recognition of the presence of an IQ-like motif within the C-terminus of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in mammalian cells3 triggered interest in the possibility that VGSCs may also undergo regulation via this mechanism. In the heart, VGSCs are integral to conduction within the myocardium and maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm, underlying the action potential upstroke and velocity of impulse propagation. Impairment of VGSC function is frequently associated with clinical conditions, including Brugada syndrome, and conditions involving augmented late sodium VGSC current ( I NaL) such as long-QT syndrome (LQT3).4 At present, however, there is limited information regarding the effects of CaM/CaMKII modulation on activity of cardiac VGSCs. The results of a few individual studies that focused on the mechanisms … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 1225 384471; fax: +44 1225 826 114. E-mail address : s.v.smirnov{at}bath.ac.uk
Diethylstilbestrol: Twenty-Five Years Later
Authors: Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The report by Bibbo et al. in this issue of the Journal on mothers exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is worthy of note since it is seldom possible to provide a follow-up comparison of the disease experience of a large group of subjects with their controls from a study performed 25 years previously. These research subjects were involved in a double-blind study of the efficacy of DES in preventing untoward outcomes of pregnancy.1 The excess incidence of adverse effects rather than benefits in the offspring so exposed to DES in utero, as well as the recognition of a prolonged latency in . . .