tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2872: Image analysis algorithms for whole-slide counting, regional assignment, and subtype classification of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
Authors: Brian E. Laffin, Joseph Krueger, Mohamed Salama
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate cancer progression on multiple levels, including angiogenesis, treatment response, and metastasis. Additionally, multiple studies have demonstrated a significant association between clinical outcome and TAM abundance, M1 vs. M2 subtype, and intratumoral distribution into stromal or epithelial compartments. However, manual counting of TAMs and assignment into tumor stroma or epithelial nests is laborious, inaccurate, subjective, and does not provide a statistically optimal sample size. These pitfalls may be limiting its utility as a diagnostic tool or an endpoint in drug efficacy studies. Using tissue sections from human breast cancers as a model, we have developed image analysis algorithms for the rapid automated counting and compartmental assignment of total TAMs (CD68+) and TAMs of the more strongly tumor-promoting M2 subtype (CD163+). Using whole slide scanning and proprietary image analysis tools called Feature Analysis on Consectutive Tissue Sections (FACTS), we have developed an approach to not only tally but also map the location of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in serial tissue sections, align those sections, and provide information about regional distribution of these macrophages. These outcomes can also be aligned with other serial sections containing relevant biomarkers associated with macrophage infiltration such as hypoxia or angiongenesis, using our proprietary multivariate correlation analysis tool Multivariatemap. Additionally, we have begun investigations into the association of these regional macrophage densities with clinical outcome using patient data available for the model set. These approaches represent a powerful toolkit for elucidating significant quantitative associations between TAMs and tumor vasculature, hypoxia, or other relevant features or markers, for the determination of prognostic or drug efficacy endpoints. Citation Format: Brian E. Laffin, Joseph Krueger, Mohamed Salama. Image analysis algorithms for whole-slide counting, regional assignment, and subtype classification of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2872. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2872
CIRCUMSCRIBED MYXŒDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM.*
Authors: JOHN T. INGRAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article CIRCUMSCRIBED MYXŒDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM. Get access JOHN T. INGRAM, M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P. Lond. JOHN T. INGRAM, M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P. Lond. Physician in Charge of the Skin‐Department, General Infirmary, Leeds; Lecturer on Diseases of the Skin, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 1, 1 January 1933, Pages 19–23, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb09636.x Published: 01 January 1933
Outcome of access sphincterotomy using a needle knife converted from a standard biliary sphincterotome
Authors: N. Coelho-Prabhu, I. Dzeletovic, T. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Cannulation fails in up to 10 % of all endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs). A standard sphincterotome can be converted to a needle knife to perform precut sphincterotomy (PCS). In this retrospective study, we analyzed cannulation rates, adverse events, and the percentage of patients requiring a second sphincterotome using a converted needle knife. Over a 7-year period, 3322 ERCPs were performed by one experienced therapeutic endoscopist; 1487 sphincterotomies were performed, 78 precut sphincterotomies using a converted needle knife. Successful cannulation using the converted needle knife was achieved in 96 % of cases at the initial procedure. Adverse events occurred in 17 % and post-ERCP pancreatitis was reported in 10 % of patients. A second sphincterotome was needed in 13 % of cases. This study shows a converted needle knife can be used for successful cannulation of either the biliary or the pancreatic duct after a failed cannulation with a standard sphincterotome, with a low percentage of adverse events anda reduction in the need for accessories.
2013 Lasker Awards Honor Biomedical Researchers and Champions of Public Service
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liquid stool incontinence with severe urgency: anorectal function and effective biofeedback treatment.
Authors: G Chiarioni, C Scattolini, F Bonfante, I Vantini
Journal: Gut (1993)

The motor and sensory function of the anorectum is well characterised in patients with solid stool incontinence. Fewer data are available in the case of liquid stool incontinence. Anorectal sensorimotor function was studied in 16 patients with liquid stool incontinence and severe urgency (10 with diarrhoea) unresponsive to conventional medical treatment, and in 16 healthy volunteers. The only significant difference found between incontinent patients and controls was a reduction in squeeze duration (p &lt; 0.0001). Fourteen patients were selected to receive biofeedback treatment. Treatment was associated with a substantial improvement in continence in 12 patients and with a significant decrease in urgency (p &lt; 0.05). Bowel frequency was not significantly influenced. Most patients showed a persistent improvement in anal motor function. Functional parameters were not predictive of outcome of treatment; the poor responders showed major psychological problems. In conclusion, an anal motor deficit is often present in disabling liquid stool incontinence. Biofeedback may improve anal continence in 75% of patients.
The Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by Fine-Needle Aspiration Smears
Authors: William H. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Forty-eight percent of 93 breast carcinomas that were aspirated with a fine needle were found to be cytologically positive for carcinoma, and in another 31% this diagnosis was suspected. Care of most breast cancer patients with abnormal or questionable aspiration smears was affected by cytological diagnosis. Thirty-seven patients with a positive diagnosis for carcinoma and with consistent clinical findings were informed of the diagnosis prior to surgery and underwent modified radical mastectomies without further frozen-section examination. Twelve other patients with suspect or abnormal cytological reports had biopsies performed earlier because of these findings. A cytopathological diagnosis of carcinoma based on aspiration smears of the breast is highly accurate if strict criterions of malignancy are applied, but normal smears from solid breast masses do not exclude malignancy. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1125-1127, 1979)
A Balanced Reciprocal Chromosomal Translocation in Three Generations
Authors: G. A. DESROCHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Three generations in a kindred have been studied for identification of a chromosome structural rearrangement not previously described in man. Staining by G-banding methods identified the rearrangement as a truly reciprocal, balanced translocation involving chromosome pairs 1 and 2. This study shows the sensitivity of new staining methods in confirming a reciprocal exchange of genetic information and in identifying break-point regions on each chromosome.
ABC of AIDS: Natural history and management of early HIV infection
Authors: A. Mindel
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Infection with HIV causes a spectrum of clinical problems beginning at the time of seroconversion (primary HIV) and terminating with AIDS and death. It is now recognised that it may take 10 years or more for AIDS to develop after seroconversion. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the USA developed the most widely used classification for HIV disease based on the presence of clinical symptoms and signs, the presence of certain conditions and investigative findings, the availability of HIV screening and the degree of immunosuppression as measured by the CD4 lymphocyte count. The infection is divided into four groups:

This article has been adapted from the forthcoming 5th edition of ABC of AIDS . The book will be available from the BMJ bookshop and at www.bmjbooks.com 

#### Summary of CDC 1992 classification system for HIV disease

Group I Primary HIV

Group II Asymptomatic infection

Group III Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy

Group IV Symptomatic infection

Group IVA HIV wasting syndrome (AIDS) and constitutional disease

Group IVB HIV encephalopathy (AIDS) and neurological disease

Group IVC1 Major opportunistic infections specified as AIDS defining

Group IVC2 Minor opportunistic infections

Group IVD Cancers specified as AIDS defining

Group IVE Other conditions

Group I Primary HIV infection

Group II Asymptomatic phase

Group III Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy

Group IV Symptomatic infection

Group IV is subdivided into several subgroups and some of these (groups IVA, B, C1 and D) are AIDS defining conditions.

In 1992 the CDC included all HIV infected persons with CD4 lymphocyte counts of <200×106 cells/l as fulfilling an AIDS defining diagnosis. However, this additional classification is not widely used outside the USA.

A second classification also combines clinical and CD4 count information. Symptoms and clinical findings are graded in severity from A to C and CD4 counts as they fall from 1 to 3.

Primary HIV infection (PHI) is also called the seroconversion …
Accelerated cholesteryl ester transfer in plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: J D Bagdade, M C Ritter, P V Subbaiah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To discern the mechanism(s) that underlie abnormal cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) in patients with hypercholesterolemia, we have studied this dysfunctional step in reverse cholesterol transport in 13 subjects with genetically heterogeneous forms of hypercholesterolemia (HC). In all HC patients, the mass of CE transferred in whole plasma from HDL to VLDL and LDL increased rapidly initially and was significantly greater than in controls at 1, 2, and 4 h (P less than 0.005). To further characterize this disturbance, we performed a series of recombination experiments. Combining HC d less than 1.063 containing acceptor VLDL + LDL with the d greater than 1.063 fraction from controls containing donor HDL + CE-transfer protein (CETP) and not the converse combination showed the same characteristics of accelerated CET noted with intact HC plasma, indicating that abnormal transfer was associated with the HC acceptor lipoproteins. When HC VLDL and its subfractions and LDL were isolated separately and then combined with control d greater than 1.063 fractions, accelerated CET was only associated with VLDL1. Consistent with an acceleration of the neutral lipid transfer reaction occurring between HDL and VLDL1 in HC in vivo, we found that the triglyceride/CE ratio was decreased in HC VLDL1 (P less than 0.001), and increased in HDL (P less than 0.25). CETP mass was significantly increased in HC plasma (HC 2.3 +/- 4 micrograms/ml vs. control 1.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml; mean +/- SD; P less than 0.025). This series of observations demonstrate that CET is accelerated in the plasma of HC patients, and this disturbance results from dysfunction of the VLDL1 subfraction rather than an elevation of CETP levels. Since an abnormality of this type in vivo can lead to the accumulation of potentially atherogenic CE-enriched apoB-containing lipoproteins in plasma, it may be an additional previously unrecognized factor that increases cardiovascular risk in HC patients.
Blowing the whistle on review articles
Authors: Allen F Shaughnessy, David C Slawson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What should we know about the treatment of type 2 diabetes? 

Ask the expert.

Whether we are trying to choose the best storm door at Home Depot or the best treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, most of us turn to experts to help us make the decision, or, in some cases, to make the decision for us.1 Experts are easy to use, and almost by definition are not subject to questioning. After all, they are “the experts.”

In a recent analysis of review articles on the treatment of type 2 diabetes, we found that the experts writing them often did not tell us—the readers—the most important research evidence published in the past 25 years in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.2 It's time to explore the value of experts and examine our reliance—or even addiction—to the pronouncements of experts.

Started in 1977, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) was designed to determine whether tight glycemic control decreases diabetes-related complications and increases life expectancy.3,4 A second arm of the study investigated the role of tighter control of blood pressure in patients with both diabetes and hypertension.5 …
Prehospital use of adrenaline reduces survival in cardiac arrest, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The prehospital use of adrenaline (epinephrine) in patients in cardiac arrest is associated with an increased risk of death or debilitating brain damage, a large cohort study in France has found.

Guidelines recommend giving adrenaline every 3-5 minutes during resuscitation of patients in cardiac arrest, as it increases the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation. But the effects on long term survival have been uncertain.

Researchers analysed records of all patients with cardiac arrest …
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Autoimmunity
Authors: Lewis P. Rowland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has become one of the prime targets of modern neurologic research. With Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, it is one of the so-called degenerative diseases of the aging nervous system. "Degenerative" means there is no vascular disease, no inflammation, no histologic clue to causation. The cells just shrivel and disappear. The three disorders have other links: they each affect a particular set of neurons (but not the same set); they are inexorably progressive; and they may occur together in the same family or, rarely, in the same person. Moreover, the many clinical variations imply that each of . . .
Molecular enzymology of human liver cytosolic sulfotransferases
Authors: Charles N. Falany
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1991)

Sulfoconjugation of drugs and small xenobiotic and endogenous compounds in human tissues is primarily catalysed by cytosolic forms of sulfotransferase. In most instances, sulfate conjugation is associated with a decrease in the biological activity and an increase in the excretion of the sulfated compounds. However, sulfation may also be involved in the bioactivation of both therapeutic drugs and carcinogens. Two isoenzymes of phenol sulfotransferase and one steroid/bile acid sulfotransferase have been isolated from human liver cytosol. Biochemical and immunological characterization of these proteins has provided insights into their structural similarities, tissue localization and possible biological functions.
Metallic Internal Fixation of Fractures
Authors: N. Vere-Hodge
Journal: BMJ (1943)

BRITISH 419 addition of milk, and the proportion of litters of 8 reared is raised from 1 in 6 to 7 in 15.In the groups receiving calcium and yeast the diet has already been so much improved by these additiQns that the further addition of milk shows its effect mainly in the weight of the young at weaning, and in the high weight and excellent condition of the does after lactation.Additions of Calcium and Aneurin Additiorr of calcium alone to the basal ration has had a pronounced effect in increasing the number of live young per litter and in raising the pioportion of litters of 8 reared, but these increases are no better than those effected by the simple addition of milk to the basal ration, _vhile the increase in the weaning weight of the young due to' the calcium supplement is much less than that effected in any of the pair-groups by addition of milk.Addition of aneurin alone is'of doubtful value.There was a considerable improvement, it is true, in the number of live young per litter and in the proportion of litters of 8 reared ;- but, on the other hand, the percentage of stillborn was high (18.7), the average weaning weight'of the young and the weight of the does after lactation were both less than on the basal ration, and the condition of the does was poor.Keeping in view these harmful effects, it would seem that caution must be exercised in the addition of vitamin B, to a poor diet.Such improvements as are effected by the aneurin addition can be more simply attained by a milk supplement, and the group receiving both aneurin and milk was no better than that receiving milk alone.The addition of caleium as well as aneurin reduced the percentage of stillborn (cf.IA and IIIA), and increased both the weaning weights of the young and the weights of the does after lactation.The gradation seen in the weaning weights in Groups lIA, IVA, 35.1, in the corresponding -groups with extra milk-39.1,40.5, and 41.9.
ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF TANDEMHEART PERCUTANEOUS VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE FOR REFRACTORY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Authors: Thomas M. Todoran, Sripal Bangalore, Alexandra Sims, Scott Kinlay, Andrew C. Eisenhauer, Piotr S. Sobieszczyk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Campaigners warn that discrimination threatens progress against HIV and AIDS
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Progress in combating HIV is being undermined by anti-homosexual stigma and repressive legislation in some of the most affected countries, a major human rights charity says.

Human Rights Watch points out that this year’s world AIDS day theme is “universal access and human rights,” but in many parts of the world “legislation effectively criminalises populations living with HIV or vulnerable to HIV infection, such as sex workers, drug users, and men who have sex with men.” 

Such laws “fuel stigma and discrimination, increase barriers to HIV information and treatment,” and contribute to the spread of disease, says the charity.

Joe Amon, health director at Human …
27 PORTOPULMONARY HYPERTENSION TREATMENT IN ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION ERA
Authors: A. Risso, A. Ottobrelli, A. Andrealli, F. Orzan, W. Grosso Marra, P.L. Omedé, F. Balzola, S. Martini, M. Torrani Cerenzia, D. Libertucci, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Unusual Infections Caused by Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Rudolph H. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Three cases of infection with Pasteurella multocida included acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, and pleuropulmonary infection. Human infections with this microorganism are commonly related either to animal contact (eg, wound infections) or to the presence of underlying chronic respiratory tract disease. Although septic arthritis and pleuropulmonary infections have previously been attributed to this pathogen, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute epiglottitis caused by P. multocida.
Body fat and sympathetic nerve activity in healthy subjects.
Authors: U Scherrer, D Randin, L Tappy, P Vollenweider, E Jéquier, P Nicod
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In experimental animals, overfeeding is associated with sympathetic activation, and there is evidence that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to cardiovascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS We recorded resting postganglionic sympathetic nerve discharge (using intraneural microelectrodes) to skeletal muscle blood vessels in 37 healthy subjects covering a broad spectrum of percent body fat. To assess potential functional consequences of sympathetic nerve discharge, we simultaneously measured calf vascular resistance and energy expenditure. The resting rate of sympathetic nerve discharge to skeletal muscle was directly correlated with body mass index (r = .67, P &lt; .0001) and percent body fat (r = .64, P &lt; .0001). In addition to body fat, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was correlated with age (r = .40, P &lt; .02), plasma insulin concentration (r = .34, P &lt; .04), and plasma lactate concentration (r = .35, P &lt; .04). Together, these four covariates accounted for 58% of the variance of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (P &lt; .0001). The rate of sympathetic nerve discharge to calf blood vessels was directly correlated with calf vascular resistance (r = .40, P &lt; .02) but did not predict energy expenditure (r = .22, P = .19). CONCLUSIONS In healthy humans, body fat is a major determinant of the resting rate of muscle sympathetic nerve discharge. Overweight-associated sympathetic activation could represent one potential mechanism contributing to the increased incidence of cardiovascular complications in overweight subjects.
9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (Ganciclovir) in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Disease with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: ABRAHAM CHACHOUA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (ganciclovir) was used to treat 41 patients (median age, 37 years) with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal infection. Sites of infection were the colon in 31, the esophagus in 5, the rectum in 4, and the small bowel in 1. Patients received ganciclovir, 5 mg/kg body weight, intravenously every 12 hours for 14 days. Clinical improvement was seen in 30 patients and virologic response in 32. Mainly hematologic toxicity occurred: moderate leukopenia (1000 to 1900/mm3) was seen in 7 patients and severe (less than 1000/mm3) in 1, and moderate neutropenia (500 to 1000/mm3) in 5 and severe (less than 500/mm3) in 1. A cutaneous rash developed in 2 patients. Median overall survival was 16 weeks (range, 2 to 56). Cytomegalovirus recurred in 13 patients; median time to recurrence was 9 weeks from the start of treatment. Ganciclovir may be effective in treating cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Effects of different tidal volumes in pulmonary and extrapulmonary lung injury with or without intraabdominal hypertension
Authors: Cíntia L. Santos, Lillian Moraes, Raquel S. Santos, Mariana G. Oliveira, Johnatas D. Silva, Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez, Débora S. Ornellas, Marcelo M. Morales, Vera L. Capelozzi, Nelson Jamel, Paolo Pelosi, Patricia R. M. Rocco, Cristiane S. N. B. Garcia
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)