tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality and occupational exposure to radiation: first analysis of the National Registry for Radiation Workers.
Authors: G. M. Kendall, C. R. Muirhead, B. H. MacGibbon, J. A. O'Hagan, A. J. Conquest, A. A. Goodill, B. K. Butland, T. P. Fell, D. A. Jackson, M. A. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To study cause specific mortality of radiation workers with particular reference to associations between fatal neoplasms and level of exposure to radiation.Cohort study.United Kingdom.95,217 radiation workers at major sites of the nuclear industry.Cause of death.Most standardised mortality ratios were below 100: 83 unlagged, 85 with a 10 year lag for all causes; 84 unlagged, 86 lagged for all cancers; and 80 for all known other causes, indicating a "healthy worker effect." The deficit of lung cancer (75 unlagged, 76 lagged) was significant at the 0.1% level. Standardised mortality ratios were significantly raised (214 unlagged, 303 lagged) for thyroid cancer, but there was no evidence for any trend with external recorded radiation dose. Dose of external radiation and mortality from all cancers were weakly correlated (p = 0.10), and multiple myeloma was more strongly correlated (p = 0.06); for leukaemia, excluding chronic lymphatic, the trend was significant (p = 0.03; all tests one tailed). The central estimates of lifetime risk derived from these data were 10.0% per Sv (90% confidence interval less than 0 to 24%) for all cancers and 0.76% per Sv (0.07 to 2.4%) for leukaemia (excluding chronic lymphatic leukaemia). These are, respectively, 2.5 times and 1.9 times the risk estimates recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, but 90% confidence intervals are large and the commission's risk factors fall well within the range. The positive trend with dose for all cancers, from which the risk estimate was derived, was not significant. The positive association between leukaemia (except chronic lymphatic leukaemia) was significant and robust in subsidiary analyses. This study showed no association between radiation exposure and prostatic cancer.There is evidence for an association between radiation exposure and mortality from cancer, in particular leukaemia (excluding chronic lymphatic leukaemia) and multiple myeloma, although mortality from these diseases in the study population overall was below that in the general population. The central estimates of risk from this study lie above the most recent estimates of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for leukaemia (excluding chronic lymphatic leukaemia) and for all malignancies. However, the commission's risk estimates are well within the 90% confidence intervals from this study. Analysis of combined cohorts of radiation workers in the United States indicated lower risk estimates than the commission recommends, and when the American data are combined with our analysis the overall risks are close to those estimated by the commission. This first analysis of the National Registry for Radiation Workers does not provide sufficient evidence to justify a revision in risk estimates for radiological protection purposes.
The Protective Effect of Male Circumcision as a Faith Lift for the Troubled Paradigm of HIV Epidemiology in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: John J Potterat, Devon D Brewer, Stephen Q Muth, Stuart Brody
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Auvert and colleagues present preliminary evidence for the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition. Their report also reveals several problems with the widely held assumption that penile-vaginal sex accounts for the overwhelming majority of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. We are baffled that the factor most strongly associated with incident HIV infection--attendance at  clinic for a health problem related to the genitals (rate ratio 5.7)--is neither highlighted nor specifically discussed. Given evidence for increased risk of acquiring HIV from treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (relative to untreated STDs) such a context for HIV acquisition should have been more assiduously explored especially regarding nosocomial transmission.   (excerpt)
Principles of Pediatric Pharmacology
Authors: Harry C. Shirkey
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The book is well bound, the printing is easily read, and the subject matter is most important. There is an ample editor's foreword by Dr Daniel Azarnoff. The book contains an adequate number of tables and figures, and the index appears most adequate. There are eight chapters, including one on "Ethics in Pediatric Drug Research," which differ from those in adults. The remainder of the book includes subjects that would be familiar in adult pharmacology, but with special emphasis on problems in children. The book is recommended to all those who treat children and who include children in their pediatric pharmacology and research.
Lack of Hypoxic Response in Uterine Leiomyomas despite Severe Tissue Hypoxia
Authors: Arnulf Mayer, Michael Höckel, Alexander Wree, Cornelia Leo, Lars-Christian Horn, Peter Vaupel
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Hypoxia is now established as a key factor influencing the pathophysiology of malignant growth. Among other effects, hypoxia modulates the expression of a multitude of genes through the induction of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. This differential gene expression favors angiogenesis, cell survival, an invasive/metastatic phenotype, and resistance to anticancer therapies. Because benign tumors do not exhibit these traits, one might expect these entities to be neither hypoxic nor to induce the genetic hypoxia response program. To test this hypothesis, an investigation of the oxygenation status of 17 leiomyomas and 1 leiomyosarcoma of the uterus using polarographic needle electrodes (Eppendorf pO2 sensor) and the expression of hypoxia-related markers in biopsy specimens of the same tumors was carried out. Marker expression in eight additional archival leiomyosarcomas was also assessed. Leiomyoma tissue was generally found to be severely hypoxic, with median oxygen (O2) partial pressure values ranging from 1 to 5 mm Hg. In contrast, none of the hypoxia-related markers hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)–1α, HIF-2α, glucose transporter-1, or carbonic anhydrase IX were expressed in any leiomyoma. Larger intercapillary distances were correlated with a poorer oxygenation status. Conversely, the expression of hypoxia-related markers was abundant in the leiomyosarcomas and they also exhibited a high-turnover phenotype (significantly increased proliferation and apoptosis). Uterine leiomyoma might therefore represent a state of oxygen-limited proliferation. Malignancy in the same organ system is associated with growth and metabolism beyond tissue-inherent limitations leading to the induction of hypoxia-related markers, thereby contributing to a self-perpetuating aggressive phenotype. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4719–26]
Leonard ("Johnnie") Walker
Authors: G Walker
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant anaesthetist north and mid-Cheshire (b 1914; q St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1954), d 12 July 2003.

Johnnie came late to medicine after years in the family business and six years' war service in the Royal Artillery. He trained in the London area, for a time freelancing as an anaesthetist, before settling in Cheshire. He stopped work aged almost 70 and had 20 years' happy retirement in his native Yorkshire. He was a man of wide interests and a foot follower to foxhound and beagle. He leaves a wife, Trudi; two children; and three granddaughters.
CD4 T Cells and Their Role in Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: René E.M. Toes, Ferry Ossendorp, Rienk Offringa, Cornelis J.M. Melief
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The specificity and power of the cellular arm of the immune system may provide new therapeutic approaches to cancer. With the assumption that T cells might be able to recognize and eliminate cancer cells with the same efficiency as virus-infected cells, investigators have searched many years for ways to trigger or amplify the patient's inadequate immune response to tumors. Much attention has been given to the role of CD8+ CTLs because most tumors are MHC class I positive, but negative for MHC class II. Moreover, CD8+ CTLs are able to lyse tumor cells directly upon recognition of peptide–MHC class I complexes expressed by the tumor, and their ability to eradicate large tumor masses in vivo has been demonstrated. The focus in cancer immunology on CD8+ T cell responses is also exemplified by an increasing list of tumor antigens identified by tumor-reactive CD8+ CTLs. CD4+ Th cells have received far less attention, which is remarkable given the pivotal role of these cells in regulating most antigen-specific immune responses. Until now, only a few Th epitopes derived from human tumor antigens recognized by CD4+ Th cells have been identified (1, 2). Three studies published in this issue describe the identification of melanoma antigens that are recognized by CD4+ T cells in the context of MHC class II molecules (3–5). Charting the Th response against human melanoma as well as other tumors is important for the development of optimal anticancer vaccines and for the design of other T cell–related therapeutic modalities in cancer.
Noninvasive<i>in vivo</i>detection and quantification of<i>Demodex</i>mites by confocal laser scanning microscopy: reply from the authors
Authors: E.C. Sattler, T. Maier, V.S. Hoffmann, T. Ruzicka, C. Berking
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Madam, We thank Lacey et al.1 for their interesting and very welcome thoughts concerning our article on the usefulness of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in the quantification of Demodex mites, and for their excellent pictures of Demodex mites, seen under the light microscope after extraction using the standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) method. As a centre specialized in acne and rosacea we are also using SSSB routinely as the standard method for Demodex quantification and have gathered ample experience within the past decades. We agree that mainly Demodex folliculorum is detected with SSSB and especially with CLSM (with a penetration depth limited to about 200–300 μm), as D. folliculorum is usually located at the upper part of the infundibulum of the hair follicle, while Demodex brevis is usually seen at the lower portion close to the sebaceous glands. Thus D. brevis may be more frequently identified by SSSB, as well as the different life stages. This may be important in understanding the role of Demodex mites in human skin, but in our experience the main question in daily practice is: ‘Is the number of Demodex mites normal or are there too many?’ Our data suggest that CLSM offers a noninvasive and quick method to answer this question in vivo.2
FIXATIVE-SOLUBLE TRITIUM POOL SIZE AFTER TRITIATED THYMIDINE INJECTION INTO MICE WITH SKIN STIMULATED BY PLUCKING
Authors: CHRISTOPHER S. POTTEN, MARY B. CROXSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— The size of the fixative-soluble tritium pool in skin has been studied in the hair growth cycle induced by plucking. The size of the pool appears to increase dramatically immediately after plucking and remains fairly high during the early phase of the growth cycle. In the middle of the cycle there is a second increase in size. Part of this radioactive pool is thought to be 3HTdR, or a substance capable of labelling S phase cells. The pool persists for several days. The thymidine incorporation quotient (T.I.Q.) shows much less scatter than the fresh or fixed tissue values or their difference. The T.I.Q. also changes during hair growth. The implications of these findings for cell kinetic studies using tritiated thyminine and autoradiography are discussed.
Factors augmenting allergic reactions
Authors: B. Niggemann, K. Beyer
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Elicitors of anaphylactic reactions are any sources of protein with allergenic capacity. However, not all allergic reactions end up in the most severe form of anaphylaxis. Augmenting factors may explain why certain conditions lead to anaphylaxis. Augmenting factors may exhibit three effects: lowering the threshold, increasing the severity, and reversing acquired clinical tolerance. Common augmenting factors are physical exercise, menstruation, NSAIDs, alcohol, body temperature, acute infections, and antacids. Therapeutic options may address causative, preventive, pragmatic, or symptomatic considerations: avoid the eliciting food, take an antihistamine before any situation with a possible risk of augmentation, separate food and sport (at least for 2 h), and carry an adrenaline autoinjector at all times. Individual patterns include summation effects and specific patterns. In conclusion, in the case of a suggestive history but a negative oral challenge, one should consider the possible involvement of augmenting factors; after anaphylactic reactions, always ask for possible augmentation and other risk factors during the recent past; if augmentation is suspected, oral food challenges should be performed in combination with augmenting factors; and in the future, standardized challenge protocols including augmenting factors should be established.
PREVALENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CORONARY MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY
Authors: Tevfik Fehmi Ismail, Andrew Jabbour, Francisco D. Alpendurada, Niraj Mistry, Benjamin Hewins, Amy Mallorie, Natasha Davendralingam, Ankur Gulati, Ricardo Wage, Dudley Pennell, Sanjay Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Evidence for presence of insulin receptors in rat islets of Langerhans.
Authors: E J Verspohl, H P Ammon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Binding of insulin to islets of Langerhans was studied. It was found that "specific" binding of [125I]insulin ("specific" binding equals total binding minus nonspecific binding) was saturable with respect to time and insulin concentration and depended on the number of incubated islets. Furthermore, bound insulin was displaced by native insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Bound [125I]insulin was easily dissociated and there was little [125I]insulin degradation both in the incubation medium and during the processes of binding and dissociation. Scatchard analysis of experiments with increasing [125I]insulin concentration and with displacement of insulin binding by native insulin revealed "high affinity" binding sites with a dissociation constant of 0.461 +/- 0.08 n M and 3.5 X 10(6) high affinity binding sites per islet. There also existed "low affinity" binding sites with dissociation constant (Kd) of 43.9 +/- 11.6 nM and 5.9 X 10(7) low affinity binding sites. High affinity binding sites of islets from rats pretreated with alloxan decreased by about one half, whereas Kd was unaffected. Because the Kd of specific high affinity binding and mean effective dose (ED50) of the biological effects of insulin on normal pancreatic islets are in the same range (between 0.46 and 1.19 nM), the insulin-receptor interaction may be biologically significant.
Abstract A9: De novo sequencing of circulating microRNAs identifies novel markers predicting clinical outcome of locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Xiwei Wu, George Somlo, Melanie Palomares, Yun Yen, John Rossi, Harry Gao, Shizhen Emily Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently detected in the circulation of cancer patients, where they are associated with clinical parameters. Discovery profiling of circulating small RNAs has not been reported in breast cancer (BC), and was carried out in this study to identify blood-based small RNA markers of BC clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: The pre-treatment sera of 42 stage II–III locally advanced and inflammatory BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) followed by surgical tumor resection were analyzed for marker identification by deep sequencing all circulating small RNAs. An independent validation cohort of 26 stage II–III BC patients was used to assess the power of identified miRNA markers. Results: More than 800 miRNA species were detected in the circulation, and exhibited patterns associated with the histopathological profiles of BC. Groups of circulating miRNAs differentially associated with ER/PR/HER2 status and inflammatory BC were identified. The relative levels of selected miRNAs measured by PCR showed consistency with their abundances determined by deep sequencing. Two circulating miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-122, exhibited strong correlations with clinical outcomes, including NCT response and relapse with metastatic disease. In the validation cohort, higher levels of circulating miR-122 specifically predicted metastatic recurrence in stage II–III BC patients. Conclusion: Our study indicates that certain miRNAs can serve as potential blood-based biomarkers for NCT response, and that miR-122 prevalence in the circulation predicts BC metastasis in early-stage patients. These results may allow optimized chemotherapy treatments and preventive anti-metastasis interventions in future clinical applications. Citation Format: Xiwei Wu, George Somlo, Melanie Palomares, Yun Yen, John Rossi, Harry Gao, Shizhen Emily Wang. De novo sequencing of circulating microRNAs identifies novel markers predicting clinical outcome of locally advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A9.
Electrocardiography with Music
Authors: A. K. Dobbie
Journal: BMJ (1964)

lower incidence of cervical carcinoma prob- ably was related to the universal practice of male circumcision amongst the Muslim com- munity.That male circumcision is unlikely to be the only factor involved in reducing cervical carcinoma is evident from the con- flicting literature on the subject.As Elliott3 points out, " No more can be said for the argument than that it is a hypothesis which fits the facts."As such it deserves consideration.-I am, etc.,
WIDE VARIATION EXISTS IN RATES OF ADMISSION TO INTENSIVE CARE UNITS FOR HEART FAILURE PATIENTS ACROSS US HOSPITALS
Authors: Kyan Cyrus Safavi, Kumar Dharmarajan, Nancy Kim, Kelly Strait, Shu-Xia Li, Serene Chen, Tara Lagu, Chohreh Partovian, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Respiratory symptoms and annoyance in the vicinity of coal-fired plants.
Authors: G Pershagen, N Hammar, E Vartiainen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This study constitutes one part of a program for assessing the impact of coal-fired power plants on the surrounding communities. A questionnaire was mailed to a total of 12,000 subjects living in six areas with coal-fired plants and in matched reference areas. The participation rate was 77.3%. In one coal-fired plant/reference area pair, a more detailed medical examination was carried out among subjects who reported symptoms of the respiratory tract. The match between coal-fired plant and reference areas was successful primarily in three pairs. Neither respiratory symptoms nor disease rates were increased among adults or children near any of these plants, but one plant seemed to give rise to annoyance. For the remaining coal-fired plants, consistently higher prevalences of respiratory tract symptoms and annoyance were observed in the surrounding population. The effects cannot, however, conclusively be related to the coal-fired plants. It should be pointed out that the air pollution levels were relatively low, also in the vicinity of most of the plants in this study.
A randomized study of decitabine versus conventional care for maintenance therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission
Authors: Y Boumber, H Kantarjian, J Jorgensen, S Wen, S Faderl, R Castoro, J Autry, G Garcia-Manero, G Borthakur, E Jabbour, Z Estrov, J Cortes, J-P Issa, F Ravandi
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
297. Safety of Repeat Intracerebral Administration of MV-CEA in Rhesus Macaques in Support of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial for Patients with Recurrent Gliomas
Authors: Rae M. Myers, Mary E. Harvey, Suzanne M. Greiner, Diane C. Soeffker, James W. Krempski, Paula J. Zollman, Steven E. Shelton, Raffel Corey, Goerss J. Stephan, Kaufmann J. Timothy, Federspiel J. Mark, Peng Kah-Whye, Russell J. Stephen, Galanis Evanthia
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Novel therapies for patients with recurrent gliomas are urgently needed, given their dismal prognosis,. Oncolytic measles virus strains derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage are an attractive option for glioma therapy, because of their significant antitumor effect (Phuong et al, 2003). MV-CEA is an Edmonston lineage measles virus strain engineered to express the marker protein carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the levels of which can be monitored by a simple blood test and serve as a correlate of viral gene expression. In support of a clinical trial administering MV-CEA intracerebrally to patients with recurrent gliomas, we assessed the neurotoxicity of MV-CEA in five adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).The animals were stereotactically administered either vehicle (n=1), 2×105 (n=2), or 2×106 (n=2) TCID50 MV-CEA in the right frontal lobe in two injections five days apart. Macaques were intensely monitored through clinical observations for neurotoxic effects, body weights, temperatures, CBC, CEA, clinical chemistries, coagulation, complement levels, immunoglobulin, measles antibody titers, viremia, and shedding (buccal swabs). Additionally, cisterna magna spinal taps were performed on day 9 post first article administration, and samples were analyzed for protein, glucose, cell differential, and presence of MV-CEA. After the first 3 month close follow-up period, the macaques entered a long-term observational period for an additional 9 months. MRIs were performed between 4 and 5 months post administration to assess for subclinical neurotoxicity. At the time of this abstract submission, and with a median follow up of 11 months, macaques have been remarkably tolerant of the treatment. There was no clinical or biochemical evidence of toxicity, including lack of neurological symptoms, fever, or other systemic symptoms and lack of immunosuppression. QRT- PCR analysis of blood, buccal swabs, or CSF was negative for MV- CEA at all time points. Vero cell overlays of CSF cells and supernatant have been negative for measles-related pathology. There was no CEA detection in serum or CSF at any time point. MRIs were negative for imaging abnormalities and showed no signs of encephalitis. Conclusions: Our results support the safety of CNS administration of MV-CEA. A clinical trial in patients with recurrent gliomas is planned to be activated later this year.