tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathology of idiopathic megarectum and megacolon
Authors: J M Gattuso, M A Kamm, I C Talbot
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —The aetiology and pathology of both idiopathic megarectum and idiopathic megacolon are unknown. In particular, it is unknown whether there are abnormalities involving enteric nerves or smooth muscle. Methods —Resected tissue was examined from 24 patients who underwent surgery for idiopathic megarectum, from six patients who had tissue resected for idiopathic megacolon, and 17 control patients who had surgery for non-obstructing large bowel cancer. Qualitative and quantitative histological examination was performed after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Martius scarlet blue (MSB), and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH). Neural and glial tissue were examined after immunostaining with S100 and PGP9.5. Results —Compared with controls, patients with idiopathic megarectum had significant thickening of their muscularis mucosae (median 78 v 33 μm, p&lt;0.005), circular muscle (1000 v 633 μm, p&lt;0.005), and longitudinal muscle (1083 v 303 μm, p&lt;0.005), despite rectal dilatation. This thickening was relatively greater in the longitudinal than in the circular muscle. Fibrosis of the longitudinal muscle was seen, using MSB staining, in 58%, of circular muscle in 38%, and of muscularis mucosae in 29% of patients. The relation between muscle thickening and fibrosis was variable. The density of neural tissue in the longitudinal muscle seemed to be reduced in patients with idiopathic megarectum. There was no thickening of enteric muscle or alteration in the density of innervation in patients with idiopathic megacolon. Conclusion —There is notable thickening of the enteric smooth muscle in patients with idiopathic megarectum, but the architecture of the enteric innervation seems to be intact. Functional abnormalities of the latter remain a possible cause of the smooth muscle hypertrophy.
Concepts in Anesthesiology
Authors: Vincent J. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IT IS NOW fairly well-recognized that anesthesiology is first of all a medical discipline, and has been recognized by major medical associations as the practice of medicine.<sup>1</sup>The traditional activity of an anesthetist has been the routine administration of an anesthetic, but at the present this technical obligation is not sufficient reason for a physician to engage in the practice of anesthesia. However, the ability to select appropriate drugs, to diagnose, to write an anesthetic prescription, to treat medical complications, in brief, to exert medical judgment, does justify the recruitment and training of physicians in this specialty. Today the scope of the anesthesiologist's activities has broadened significantly in and out of the operating room. He is concerned with all the medical problems to which the human being is heir, as they may be encountered in the operating room and during anesthesia. As such, the anesthesiologist should have 5 attributes:
Left ventricular chamber filling and midwall fiber lengthening in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: overestimation of fiber velocities by conventional midwall measurements.
Authors: G Shimizu, M R Zile, A S Blaustein, W H Gaasch
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Observations that the inner (subendocardial) half of the left ventricular wall contributes more to total left ventricular wall thickening than the outer (subepicardial) half may have important implications in the analysis of myocardial fiber length transients. Accordingly, we measured endocardial and midwall shortening and lengthening rates in normal and hypertrophic heart and compared the results obtained with conventional methods of measurement with those obtained with a modified model that does not depend on use of conventional assumptions about the midwall. This modified (two-shell) cylindrical model) method considers the substantial contribution of inner wall thickening and thus does not require the assumption of a theoretical midwall fiber that remains at the midwall throughout the cardiac cycle. Echocardiographic data from six normal subjects and six patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were examined; left ventricular wall thickness ranged from 8 to 10 mm in normal subjects and from 11 to 16 mm in the patients with LVH. By design, the standard measurements of left ventricular size (diastolic and systolic dimensions) and systolic function (fractional shortening and endocardial fiber shortening velocities) were equal in the two groups. Endocardial, conventional midwall, and modified midwall methods all indicate reduced fiber lengthening rates in patients with LVH; peak fiber lengthening rates for normal and LVH groups were 4.5 +/- 0.7 vs 3.1 +/- 0.8 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the endocardium, 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.6 +/- 0.4 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the midwall (conventional method), and 2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 sec-1 (p less than .01) at the midwall (modified method).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
International and Interstate Comparisons of Homicide Among Young Males
Authors: Lois A. Fingerhut
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The homicide rate for males 15 through 24 years of age in the United States was compared with the rates in 21 other developed countries. The US homicide rate, 21.9 per 100 000, was more than four times higher than the next highest rate in Scotland (5.0). Most countries had rates that were between 1 and 3 per 100 000. The lowest rates were in Japan and Austria, each with rates below 0.6 per 100 000 males 15 through 24 years of age. Three quarters of the homicides in the United States resulted from the use of firearms contrasted with less than a quarter of all homicides in the comparison countries. The US homicide rate for black males 15 through 24 years of age (85.6) was more than seven times the rate for white males (11.2). In 1987 there were only four states that had homicide rates among white males that were as low as the rates among males in the comparison countries. The lowest state rate among young black males was still seven times the highest rate abroad. There are about 4000 homicides per year among young males in the United States. If the US homicide rate could be reduced to that in the country with the next highest rate, more than 3000 lives would be saved. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:3292-3295)
Shock Therapy for the American Health Care System: Why Comprehensive Reform Is Needed
Authors: Elizabeth C. Burton
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Barium Sulfate and Iodine Determination-Reply
Authors: Edward Bigg
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have not conducted any studies on the actual change in protein bound iodine, nor on the effect of the administration of barium sulfate prior to I<sup>131</sup>-uptake studies; however, the following references are pertinent: In view of this information, it has been the policy of the Department of Roentgenology at Northwestern University Medical School and of our Department of Internal Medicine to insist that iodine studies be conducted prior to gastrointestinal x-ray examinations to avoid possible aberrations in results.
Relative activity of atenolol and metoprolol.
Authors: J H Barber
Journal: BMJ (1978)

intracranial metastases is well documented4-8 47-80 O of unselected patients with intracranial metastases may be expected to obtain symptomatic relief with cranial irradiation5-8 and about 120o are still alive and active one year later.These results are obtained without the stress to the patient of a major operation.We hope these details will encourage the general physician to consider irradiation as a palliative measure for patients with cerebral metastases.
Why Agranulocytosis from Dapsone?
Authors: W. H. JOPLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments and Corrections1 July 1972Why Agranulocytosis from Dapsone?W. H. JOPLING, F.R.C.P.E., D.T.M. & H.W. H. JOPLING, F.R.C.P.E., D.T.M. & H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-1-153_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Colonel Ognibene on "Agranulocytosis Due to Dapsone" is of special interest to leprologists, as dapsone has been the most widely used drug in the treatment of leprosy for the past quarter century and still holds pride of place in therapy. What particularly surprises me is that we leprologists do not encounter agranulocytosis in our patients even though, throughout the world, about 2 million persons are under treatment for leprosy at any given time, and most of these are receiving dapsone in a dosage of 50 to 100 mg/day. And yet out of an estimated...Reference1. OGNIBENE A: Agranulocytosis due to dapsone. Ann Intern Med 72:521-524. 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar1. LEIKER D: The mononucleosis syndrome in leprosy patients treated with sulfones. Int J Lepr 24:402-405, 1956 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. MCKENNA W and CHALMERS A: Agranulocytosis following dapsone therapy. Br Med J 1:324, 1958 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. H. JOPLING, F.R.C.P.E., D.T.M. & H. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDapsone-associated agranulocytosis and severe anemia in a patient with leukocytoclastic vasculitisLa Dapsone dans le traitement de la maladie de Horton. Efficacité et toléranceAgranulocytosis Associated with Maloprim: Review of CasesSulphonamides and SulphonesManagement of Household Contacts of Leprosy PatientsGREGORY A. FILICE, M.D., DAVID W. FRASER, M.D.The oxidative effects of a dapson derivative on normal and chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear functionAGRANULOCYTOSIS DUE TO DAPSONE 1 July 1972Volume 77, Issue 1Page: 153-153KeywordsDrug therapyLeprosy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The music makers: Harmonisation in South Africa
Authors: C H Vaughan Williams
Journal: BMJ (1997)

As a foreigner in South Africa you are not alone. Most people in the country are in a similar position. The old system kept different racial groups apart so effectively that they are now as strange to each other as different nations.

My first realisation of this was that only after three weeks on the men's ward did one of the nurses ask me if I came from overseas. In every other country I have been to, …
Abstract 3230: Immortalization of human small airway epithelial cells as a model for studying lung tumor transformation
Authors: Boning Gao, Chunxian Huang, James Sullivan, Gabriela Raso, Ignacio Wistuba, Jerry Shay, John Minna
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Normal human lung epithelial cells that can be genetically manipulated to study the various steps in lung cancer pathogenesis and stem cell biology would be of great utility and also provide isogenic strains to develop and test new diagnostic (biomarkers), preventative and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. Previously we immortalized normal proximal human lung bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) for studying lung tumors arising in the central compartment of the lung and now have over 40 of these strains (growing in defined KSFM media) including many isogenic derivatives with various oncogenic changes (Can Res 2004, Can Res 2006). We have extended this by immortalizing normal distal (small airway) epithelial cells that serve as models for studying tumors arising in the peripheral compartment of the lung. Using Cdk4 and hTERT exogenous expression vectors (as used for HBECs) and SAGM defined media routinely immortalized (N= 15) human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) from peripheral lung. These HSAEC strains are highly enriched (&amp;gt;50%) for cells with stem like properties (e.g. Aldehyde dehydrogenase positivity), express basal cell markers but not Clara cell, type 1 or type 2 differentiation markers., However, HSAECs can be induced to express Clara cell, type 1 or type 2 cell markers when they are grown in matrigel (where they form cyst like structures which express such differentiation markers) and under other conditions favoring differentiation (such as insulin depletion, Ca2+ addition). HSAECs show anchorage dependent growth, do not form colonies in soft agar, and are non-tumorigenic in NOD/SCID mice. However, HSAECs can be genetically manipulated by introducing oncogenes (such as KRASV12, missense p53 and other oncogene combinations) which now allow HSAECs to progress towards a transformed phenotype (e.g. formation of soft agar colonies), and selection of a subset of HSAEC(KRAS, p53) large soft agar colonies identifies sublines that can now form poorly differentiated carcinomas. Thus, we have developed conditions to routinely immortalize lung epithelial cells derived from distal small airways (HSAECs) which grow in defined media, exhibit stem cell like characteristics, and can be genetically manipulated to give rise to poorly differentiated cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3230.
Reneging on funding commitments could leave health systems in poorer countries $30bn short by 2015
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The lives of 10 million women and children will be put at risk if the global financial situation affects the funding promised for developing health systems in poorer countries, a report has warned.

The funding gap could be as large as $30bn (£21bn; €23bn) a year by 2015 if donors fail to meet targets, expert working groups have warned the Taskforce on Innovative International Financing for Health Systems. 

The taskforce, which is chaired by the UK prime minister, Gordon Brown, and Robert Zoellick, the president of the World Bank, was set up in September 2008 to find ways to fill the funding gap and ensure …
Abstract 5085: Inducing multipolarity of acentrosomal mitotic spindles as a novel tumor-specific targeting strategy revealed by the antimitotic effect of mdivi-1
Authors: Jingnan Wang, Wei Qian, Masahiro Shuda, Jianfeng Li, Lucas Santana-Santos, Robert W. Sobol, Bennett Van Houten
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Traditional antimitotic drugs for cancer chemotherapy often have undesired toxicity to healthy tissue, limiting clinical application. Developing tumor-specific antimitotic strategies is necessary to improve the efficacy of drugs in the selective eradication of tumor cells. In this study, we discovered mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor-1), which was originally reported as an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), specifically disrupts M phase cell cycle progression only in human tumor cells and not in non-transformed fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The antimitotic effect of mdivi-1 is Drp1-independent, as M phase abnormality induced by mdivi-1 was observed in both Drp1 wild-type and Drp1 knockout MEF cells. We also identified that the tumor transformation process required for the antimitotic effect of mdivi-1 is downstream of SV40 large T and small t antigens - but not hTERT-mediated immortalization. Mdivi-1 induces multipolar mitotic spindles in tumor cells regardless of centrosome number. Acentrosomal spindle poles, which do not contain bona-fide centrosome components γ-tubulin and centrin-2, were found to contribute to the spindle multipolarity. The formation of such aberrant mitotic spindles leads to gross genome instability and apoptotic cell death through Bax/Bak-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Gene expression profiling comparing non-transformed and transformed cells revealed that the genes involved in assembly of acentrosomal spindles are highly up-regulated in tumor cells, thus providing the mechanism underlying the preferential formation of acentrosomal multipolar spindles in tumor cells compared to normal cells after mdivi-1 treatment. Taken together, our studies imply that mdivi-1 represents a novel class of quinazolinone compounds that function as acentrosomal spindle inducers (ASI). We suggest that promoting the assembly of multipolar mitotic spindles composed of acentrosomal poles could serve as a novel strategy in achieving a tumor-specific antimitotic effect. (Work was supported by P30CA047904, GM087798, UPCI and PA Dept of Health CURE program) Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jingnan Wang, Wei Qian, Masahiro Shuda, Jianfeng Li, Lucas Santana-Santos, Robert W. Sobol, Bennett Van Houten. Inducing multipolarity of acentrosomal mitotic spindles as a novel tumor-specific targeting strategy revealed by the antimitotic effect of mdivi-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5085
DIAGNOSTIC USEFULNESS OF EDEMA-INFARCT RATIO TO DIFFERENTIATE ACUTELY FROM CHRONICALLY DAMAGED MYOCARDIUM USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Kiyoyasu Yamada, Isobe Satoshi, Kousuke Kinoshita, Susumu Suzuki, Kazuhiko Yokouchi, Hirokazu Iwata, Ken Sawada, Makoto Hirai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Interferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen–negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Agostino Colli, Sara Massironi, Marco Anreoletti
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Lampertico et al. 1 suggest that 24 months of treatment with interferon alfa 2b(IFN-␣2b) leads to sustained disease suppression in a significant proportion of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B.In our opinion this conclusion must be challenged.This is an open cohort study: according to the inclusion criteria, 101 from 625 patients were enrolled and treated with IFN.Thirty had a sustained response and showed a lower probability of complication-free survival than the cumulative group of 46 nonresponders and 25 in whom the treatment was withdrawn due to IFN adverse effects.No difference was found in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence.In the absence of a real control group, this study only can show that the patients who had a sustained response fared better than those who were not able to tolerate 24 months of IFN treatment or did not respond.In fact, one can assume that the responders were completely different than the nonresponders, thus the observed improved hepatic morbidity might not be a consequence of the treatment.The responders were younger and might have had some still unidentified charac-
Gallium Imaging in Cancer of the Esophagus
Authors: ALEXANDER W. PEARLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Ga-67-citrate scintigraphy was used in 17 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus as part of the preoperative evaluation. Intense concentration in the primary site was associated with an extensive tumor. In all patients but one in whom resection was attempted, the tumors were found to be unresectable. Gallium scintigraphy proved valuable in diagnosing metastatic foci below the diaphragm and in the left supraclavicular fossa. Of special interest were three patients in whom esophagoscopy and contrast radiography suggested a benign stricture. All had intense concentration of gallium at the esophagogastric junction, an indication that proved to be carcinoma.
Immunoendocrine Interactions and Autoimmunity
Authors: A M McGregor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Central to the normal immune response is the recognition of processed antigen by the cell-surface receptors of T lymphocytes. Within this interaction lies the capacity to discriminate appropriately between self and non-self antigens and to generate both specific and nonspecific responses against the antigens. Autoimmune disease results when the immune system fails to make this discrimination. There has been considerable progress recently1 in characterizing the target autoantigens against which autoimmune responses are directed, the immunologic mechanisms that induce autoimmune disease, and the immunogenetic backgrounds of persons at risk for the development of autoimmune disease. A major unresolved question remains — . . .
Improvement of Depression and Triggering of Mania by Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Thomas A. Wehr
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SELECTED CASES  CASE 1.  —William Styron, author of several novels, including Lie Down in Darkness,  Confessions of Nat Turner , and Sophie's Choice , became clinically depressed in 1985 at the age of 60 years. In his book, Darkness Visible (the title of which was taken from Milton's description of hell in Paradise Lost ), he provides an extraordinary account of the symptoms and course of his illness. I have chosen to include a few of his observations herein because they seem to illustrate important connections between depression, sleep, and a classic symptom of depression—diurnal variation in mood.  Styron's depression began when he stopped drinking alcohol. Gradually, he developed anhedonia and feelings of worthlessness and had thoughts of death. Ultimately: The act of writing itself, becoming more and more difficult and exhausting, stalled, then finally ceased.  1(p46) As is typical in depression, the severity of Styron's symptoms had a striking daily rhythm:
The Problematic Death Certificate
Authors: John R. Carter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Since 1923, when Wells challenged the reliability of existing cancer statistics,1 over 100 publications documenting discrepancies (ranging from 20 to 40 per cent) between major clinical and autopsy diagnoses have repeatedly raised questions about the accuracy of published mortality statistics. In 1983, Goldman et al., in a variance study, emphasized the continuing value of the autopsy, even in an era of diagnostic technologic miracles.2 Specious mortality statistics have obvious implications for the biomedical and health services community, the government, funding agencies, and the public at large.The immediate functions of the death certificate are legal: to permit disposal of the . . .