tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients can sue authority for actions of GP
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former patients of the struck-off GP Clifford Ayling were given the go ahead at the High Court last week to sue the health authority responsible for primary care trusts and NHS trusts in the area where he practised.

The claim, the first of its kind, will test the extent to which health authorities can be held legally liable for the actions of self employed GPs. Dr Ayling, 72, was a partner in a family practice in Kent and also worked …
A Novel SCN5A Gain-of-Function Mutation M1875T Associated With Familial Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takeru Makiyama, Masaharu Akao, Satoshi Shizuta, Takahiro Doi, Kei Nishiyama, Yuko Oka, Seiko Ohno, Yukiko Nishio, Keiko Tsuji, Hideki Itoh, Takeshi Kimura, Toru Kita, Minoru Horie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Secretor Status of Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Carriers and Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease or Acute Glomerulonephritis
Authors: M. J. H. van Rijsewijk, W. R. O. Goslings
Journal: BMJ (1963)

CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE MECALJOURNAL antigen tests.In neither case did aspiration prevent further pus formation, so that open drainage was clearly required and was highly successful in terminating the course of the infection, though lymphadenitis must have persisted in a low-grade form for some time thereafter.There was no beneficial effect from the antibiotics, but this was as expected, gross suppuration being already obvious at the time of admission a month after the onset.Spaulding and Hennessy (1960) record that 26 of their 83 cases progressed to gross suppuration between 12 and 40 days after the onset.They advise closed aspiration every day or on alternate days, and found that in only 6 of the 26 cases was aspiration required more than once.They regarded incision as inadvisable, owing to the risk of pro- ducing persistent sinuses.These views are not consistent with our experience in these two cases, as it became obvious that the abscesses would not have subsided with any other treatment than surgical drainage ; this was successful and the incisions soon healed up.Most writers agree that broad-spectrum antibiotics have no influence in preventing suppuration though they may reduce the degree of fever and, after surgical drainage, may promote healing.In mild cases which do not progress to the stage of suppuration conservative treatment is best employed, the infection subsiding within three to four weeks without the aid of any antibiotics. SummaryTwo cases of cat-scratch disease, both in children aged 13, are discussed.The clinical features were remarkably similar and both responded to treatment by surgical drainage and cleared up satisfactorily.No appreciable benefit was noted as a result of the employment of courses of demethylchlortetracycline in Case 1, or of oxytetracycline in Case 2, and suppuration occurred in all groups of infected lymph nodes in both cases.Various aspects of treatment of the disease are briefly discussed.My thanks are due to Mr. Robin Burkitt for help a!.d comments; to Mr.
IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY FOR PARAMEDIC IDENTIFIED ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH PRE-HOSPITAL CATH LAB ACTIVATION COMPARES FAVORABLY WITH EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ACTIVATIONS AND WITH THE ACTION REGISTRY
Authors: Paul S. Rostykus, Brian W. Gross, Kent W. Dauterman, Stephen J. Schnugg, Todd S. Kotler, Mark G. Moran, Karen A. Bales, Mary E. Barnum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Percutaneous arterial gene transfer in a rabbit model. Efficiency in normal and balloon-dilated atherosclerotic arteries.
Authors: G Leclerc, D Gal, S Takeshita, S Nikol, L Weir, J M Isner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The possibility of using an exclusively percutaneous strategy to deliver foreign DNA to normal and balloon-dilated atherosclerotic arteries was studied by analysis of transfection efficiency in a rabbit model. A total of 22 external iliac arteries from 22 rabbits (10 normal and 12 atherosclerotic) were transfected with a solution of luciferase expression vector plasmid and liposome, using a dual balloon-catheter system. Analysis of the transfected segments revealed luciferase activity in 10 of the 22 arteries (4/10 normal vs 6/12 balloon-injured atherosclerotic, P = NS); no activity could be detected in the contralateral limb arterial segments used as controls. Luciferase activity levels in successfully transfected segments measured 4.10 +/- 1.19 (m +/- SEM) Turner light units (TLU), with 3.03 +/- 1.16 TLU found in normals vs 4.81 +/- 1.87 TLU in balloon-injured atherosclerotic arteries (P = NS). In situ hybridization of successfully transfected atherosclerotic sections showed expression of the luciferase gene mRNA from rare cells (less than 1/1,000) limited to the neointimal lesion. Thus, expression of new genetic material may be achieved in both normal and balloon-dilated atherosclerotic arteries following an exclusively percutaneous approach. The low efficiency of the current delivery strategy, however, represents a potential limitation that must be improved if this strategy is to be applied as a therapeutic approach to human vascular disease.
Intrathymic δ Selection Events in γδ Cell Development
Authors: Lorena Passoni, Eric S Hoffman, Sylvia Kim, Tessa Crompton, William Pao, Meng-Qiu Dong, Michael J Owen, Adrian C Hayday
Journal: Immunity (1997)

The major pathway of γδ cell development is shown to be regulated by in-frame rearrangements at the T cell receptor (TCR) δ locus. Such "δ selection" occurs at or around the same point in thymocyte development as selection for in-frame rearrangements at the TCRβ locus. However, there are at least two major differences with β selection: first, δ selection commonly involves selection on the cognate TCR chain, γ, suggesting that there is no "preTγ" chain of major biological significance; second, most γδ-selected thymocytes differentiate rather than proliferate. Nonetheless, some δ selection events seemingly facilitate thymocyte expansion, similar to αβ T cell development. In these cases, TCRγ selection is less obvious. Furthermore, the capacity of individual γ chains to facilitate γδ selection is shown to vary with developmental age. The results further clarify early T cell development at the β selection/δ selection stage and place clear constraints on models of cell fate determination.
Ununited Transverse Fracture of Patella treated successfully by Position
Authors: R. T. Hearn
Journal: BMJ (1876)

THE BRITISR MEDICAL 7OURNAL.i the motion being black and tarry-looking=; her min also wandered during the night.Thepulse was now small and compressible, and I feared perforation had' taken place.At noon of this day, she got up to take a smoke, probably thinking it would relieve her, when she died in the sitting posture, twenty-one and a half hours after taking the poison.Thirty hours after death, in conjunction with another medical man,
Uphill Transport of Urea in the Dog Kidney: Effects of Certain Inhibitors*
Authors: Martin Goldberg, Andrzej M. Wojtczak, Manuel A. Ramirez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

To study the renal medullary transport and accumulation of urea in dogs independent of water transport, we obliterated the medullary electrolyte gradient by a sustained ethacrynic acid diuresis. Infusions of urea were also given at various rates to vary urinary urea concentration. In the steady state, the kidneys were removed, and slices were analyzed for water, urea, and electrolytes. In every experiment in 15 dogs over a range of urinary urea concentration from 19 to 230 mmoles per L and urine flow from 0.5 to 9.7 ml per minute per kidney, an intrarenal urea gradient persisted, and urinary urea concentration was always lower than papillary water urea concentration. The magnitude of this uphill urinary-papillary gradient (mean +/- SE = - 21 +/- 2.9 mmoles per L) was not affected by hemorrhagic hypotension or a nonprotein diet. In 12 additional experiments begun similarly, inhibitors were infused into one renal artery. Both iodoacetate, an inhibitor of anaerobic glycolysis, and acetamide, an analogue of urea, markedly and significantly reduced both the intrarenal urea gradient and the uphill urinary-papillary gradient. In contrast, cyanide, an inhibitor of oxidative metabolism, had no observable effect on the urea gradients. The data are best explained by postulating an active transport system for urea in the medullary collecting duct deriving its energy from anaerobic glycolysis.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy under noninvasive ventilation and propofol target-controlled infusion in hypoxemic patients
Authors: Benjamin Clouzeau, Hoang-Nam Bui, Emmanuelle Guilhon, Marieke Grenouillet-Delacre, Melanie Saint Leger, Tahar Saghi, Jerome Pillot, Bruno Filloux, Solenn Coz, Alexandre Boyer, Frederic Vargas, Didier Gruson, Gilles Hilbert
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
FDG-PET Scan and Serum NSE in Early Response to Sirolimus in Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa)
Authors: D. Gomi, T. Koyama, M. Fukaya, T. Yanagihara, H. Yukawa, Y. Nakamura, M. Nagano, Y. Ozaki, H. Kawana, Y. Oyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Scientists develop prototype of more sensitive test for cancer
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new technology called “optical stretching” promises a simpler and more effective method of distinguishing cancer cells from their healthy counterparts.

Speaking this week at a meeting organised in Warwick by the Institute of Physics, Professor Josef Kas of the University of Leipzig described how he and his collaborator, Dr Jochen Guck, have used the technology to develop an exceptionally sensitive test for cancer.

Biologists have long known that as healthy cells undergo transformation into tumour …
What Is Congenitally Corrected Transposition?
Authors: Richard Van Praagh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

For the physician who is not a pediatric cardiologist, ordinary transposition of the great arteries may seem mysterious enough, but "congenitally corrected transposition" is a "triple whammy" that perhaps means virtually nothing to anybody — except congenital heart buffs. So what is it? Briefly, congenitally corrected transposition refers to malformations of the ventricles and great arteries characterized by ventricular discordance with transposition of the great arteries. Ventricular discordance indicates that the ventricles do not correspond to the atria. In corrected transposition with situs solitus (normal locations) of the viscera and atria, the ventricles are inverted; with situs inversus of the . . .
Diazoxide induced cardioprotection: what comes first, KATP channels or reactive oxygen species?
Authors: H Patel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Carroll et al. [32] (pages 691–700) in this issue. 

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon in which a sublethal stress of short duration has proved to be protective against a subsequent lethal stress [1]. The protection is biphasic in that there is an immediate phase of protection that is transient and disappears a few hours after the conditioning stimulus [2], and a late phase that occurs 24 h after the conditioning stimulus and can last up to 72 h [3,4]. The conditioning stimuli can be variable and include ischemia, stimulation of adenosine receptors [5–7], opioid receptors [8–11], physical manipulation such as heat stress [12–15], or activation of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent K-channel (mitoKATP) [16,17]. Early events appear to be linked to protein modification and translocation through activation of signal transduction pathways that are already in place. Late events are most likely contingent upon de novo protein synthesis [3,18] with nitric oxide synthase [19–24], catalase [25], superoxide dismutase [5,26–28], and heat shock proteins [13–15,29] likely induced in the late phase to facilitate protection.

Recently, a flurry of investigations have focused on the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the protective mechanism of IPC. There is considerable evidence that ROS are involved in IPC since the role of ROS in both the pathogenesis and adaptation to severe damage produced by ischemia has been demonstrated. Sun et al. [30] show that repeated exposure to cycles of sublethal ischemia over many days led to an adaptation in which contractile function returned more quickly on days 2 and 3 compared to day 1. Subsequently, when the animals were treated with antioxidants in conjunction with the repeated cycles of ischemia the protective response was blocked on days 2 and 3. Recently, Pain … 

*Corresponding author
Efficacy of biofeedback training in improving faecal incontinence and anorectal physiologic function.
Authors: V Loening-Baucke
Journal: Gut (1990)

The efficacy of biofeedback treatment on faecal incontinence and anorectal function was evaluated in eight patients with faecal incontinence treated with biofeedback training and medical therapy. Outcome and anorectal function were compared with nine faecal incontinent patients who received medical therapy alone. Three month follow up showed that 50% of patients in the biofeedback plus conventional treatment group and 56% of those treated conventionally only had improved. One year follow up showed that 13% in the biofeedback group were free of soiling and an additional 25% had improved. The results were similar in the conventionally treated group--11% were free of soiling and an additional 44% improved. Anal pressures at rest and squeeze, the rectal distension volume that induced sustained inhibition of both the external and internal anal sphincter, and continence to rectally infused saline were significantly reduced in both groups of patients compared with controls (p less than 0.05). Biofeedback treatment had no effect on these abnormal anorectal functions in either patients who improved or those who did not. The improvement in faecal incontinence was probably due to medical intervention or regression of symptoms with time, or both, and not the result of biofeedback training.
Abstract A44: The Pi3K inhibitor GSK2126458 is highly toxic in ovarian dysgerminoma
Authors: Saeeda Almarzooqi, Alia Albawardi, Abdul-Kader Souid
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Mutations in PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human carcinomas. Moreover, inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are shown to be potent in several tumors, including ovarian adenocarcinomas. The effect of this class of agents on ovarian germ cell tumors, however, has not been previously studied. The aim of this work was to investigate cytotoxicity of the PI3K inhibitor GSK2126458 (a highly potent and selective compound) in ovarian dysgerminoma from a patient. Methods: The studied ovarian dysgerminoma was collected immediately following resection. Tumor sections (0.5×0.5×0.1 cm) were immersed in ice-cold RPMI medium gassed with 95% O2:5% CO2. The samples were then incubated at 37°C in RPMI (continuously gassed as above) with and without 50 nM GSK2126458 (Selleck Chemicals, cat. #S2658) for 150 min. At the end of the incubation period, specimens were processed for hematoxylin and eosin histologic stain. Results: Sections from untreated tissue revealed variable-sized tumor nests separated by fibrous stromal bands. Neoplastic cells were characterized by uniformly round central nuclei, clear-to-eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent single nucleoli. Mitotic figures were abundant. Sections from treated tissue revealed a decrease in cellular density. Neoplastic cells demonstrated cytoplasmic disintegration, vacuolar degeneration and nuclear basophilia. Apoptotic bodies were numerous. Conclusions: GSK2126458 induced remarkable necrosis in the ovarian dysgerminoma. This preliminarily observation suggests sensitivity of this tumor to PI3K inhibition. The described in vitro methodology provides rapid assessment of the cytotoxicity of PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR inhibitors.
FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF SPECIFICALLY SENSITIZED LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: G. B. Mackaness, P. H. Lagrange, T. E. Miller, T. Ishibashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

An explanation was sought for the fact that delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) does not normally occur in response to T-cell-dependent antigens unless an adjuvant is used. But when sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were administered intravenously DTH did appear, provided that the dose of antigen was less than that required to give a maximum antibody response. Animals in which T-cell activity had been blocked by a large dose of antigen could not be sensitized adoptively, and their spleen cells failed to transfer DTH to normal recipients. The serum of blocked animals partially inhibited the induction of DTH, and after absorption with SRBC its blocking activity increased substantially. Moreover, absorbed serum inhibited DTH in previously sensitized animals, but it did not inhibit the proliferative response to SRBC in peripheral lymph nodes or reduce the number of plaque-forming cells produced therein. On the contrary, the hemagglutinating titer was actually increased by blocking serum even though DTH was totally suppressed. It is concluded that a product of the interaction between antigens and antibody blocks the activated T cells which mediate DTH without interfering with helper cells.
PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION OF LYMPH NODE CELLS IN MILLIPORE CHAMBERS BY EXPOSURE TO HOMOGRAFT ANTIGEN
Authors: Harold F. Dvorak, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Normal Dutch rabbit lymph node and spleen minces, lymph node cell suspensions, and residues from lymph node cell suspensions were cultured in Millipore chambers with slices of autologous or homologous (New Zealand) ear skin. for varying time intervals. Lymphoid cells exposed to New Zealand ear skin for more than 4 days were found capable of producing typical "transfer reactions" in the specific New Zealand ear skin donor, similar in every way to reactions produced by cells from lymph nodes sensitized in the intact Dutch animal. Heat-killed cells and cells exposed to New Zealand ear skin for less than 4 days (in chambers or in the intact animal) or to Dutch ear skin for any period of time were incapable of eliciting such reactions. It is concluded that normal lymphoid tissues undergo primary sensitization when exposed to homografts in Millipore chambers for suitable periods of time.
Platelet Function and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JAMES FRASER MUSTARD, MARIAN AITCHISON PACKHAM
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Platelet thromboemboli may be important not only in the development of some forms of atherosclerosis and occlusive thrombi, but also in initiating disturbances of the microcirculation. The latter mechanism may be significant in those cardiac deaths that are not directly attributable to advanced atherosclerotic disease or occlusive thrombi in coronary arteries. In addition, it is possible that mural thrombi and atherosclerotic lesions may fragment and shower the microcirculation with emboli. Such a mechanism appears to occur in the cerebrovascular and renal circulations, and it seems unlikely that the myocardial tissue would be spared the effects of such a mechanism. Thus, in examining the relation between platelets, thrombosis, and the complications of vascular disease, it is important to emphasize that consideration must be given to platelet thromboemboli and disturbances of the microcirculation as well as to occlusive coronary artery thrombi.
Pruritus and Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Leslie L. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Prognostic Importance of Pruritus in Hodgkin's Disease" (240:2738, 1978), Feiner and colleagues presented evidence to suggest that the presence of severe itching in early-stage disease at the time of diagnosis augurs for an atypical A course with remission durations comparable with those found in patients with traditional B symptoms. Furthermore, their review raises the suspicion that patients with pruritus alone do not merit the A classification and may warrant the B designation. These authors also emphasize that although the participants in the Ann Arbor Conference on the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease, as well as the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting, excluded pruritus as a prognostically important symptom in Hodgkin's disease, they believe that severe itching may presage a poor outcome. That evaluation of pruritus as a prognostic index should be accomplished is unquestioned. During the early days of radiology residency
PTH-016 Defecating Scintigraphic Photography at St George’S Hospital: Review of Findings and Correlation with Patient Symptoms
Authors: R I Rusu, N Beharry, A Irwin, S Heenan, A Poullis
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Defecating scintigraphic proctograms (DSPs) have an established position in the investigation of evacuatory problems and ano-rectal symptoms. Functional radionuclide imaging allows for both the assessment of rectoceles and correlation with evacuatory function. <h3>Methods</h3> 151 consecutive DSPs carried out over a 3-year period were reviewed. Clinical details of presenting symptoms were reviewed with the study results. All studies were reviewed for evidence of anatomical abnormalities and function via % excretion. The % excretion was analysed in those with and without a rectocele and compared with symptoms (constipation, incontinence, rectal pain and evacuatory difficulty). The mean % excretion for each symptom (present/absent) was calculated and compared with a t test. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 151 patients, 23 were unable to defecate and no results were available. There were 8 males, 143 females. Mean age range 55 +/- 14. 76% had a rectocele demonstrated. In all patients % excretion was significantly different in those with symptomatic evacuatory difficulty (% excretion: Constipation present/absent 63% v 62.6% p = 0.9, Incontinence present/absent 60.9% v 63.4% p = 0.46, Pain present/absent 67.2% v 62.1%, p = 0.24, Evacuatory difficulty present/absent 60.2% v 66.3% p = 0.03). Of those with a rectocele there was a non-significant trend to abnormality on excretory function (% excretion: Constipation present/absent 62.8% v 61.8% p = 0.8, Incontinence present/absent 60.9% v 62.6% p = 0.6, Pain present/absent 66.6% v 61.5%, p = 0.33, Evacuatory difficulty present/absent 59.7% v 65.9% p = 0.06). On those without a rectocele, there was no difference in excretory function in any symptom groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this large series DSPs identified rectoceles in 76% of studies. In those with a rectocele functional impairment was often present, with a trend to reduced % excretion seen. In those without a rectocele % excretion on DSPs did not differ in any symptom group. Larger reviews are needed to identify small sub-groups who may benefit from this study. The significant number with abnormalities found on DSPs suggests that this investigation may be underutilised in those with ano-rectal symptoms. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.