tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-019 An Evaluation Of Quantitative Faecal Immunochemical Tests For Haemoglobin
Authors: M Carroll, C Piggott, S Pearson, HE Seaman, H Bruce, SP Halloran
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England provides biennial screening using a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) for people aged 60–74 years. The European guidelines<sup>1</sup> recommend use of a quantitative faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) in population screening and the BCSP will replace gFOBT with FIT from 2016. The BCSP Southern Programme Hub (allied with the Guildford Medical Device Evaluation Centre) has evaluated FIT systems to guide future BCSP procurement. Four quantitative FIT systems suitable for population screening were evaluated: HM-JACKarc (Kyowa Medex Co. Ltd., Japan), NS-PLUS C15 Hb (Alfresa Pharma Corp., Japan), OC-SENSOR DIANA (Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan) and FOB Gold NG (Sentinel CH. SpA, Italy; analysed on a general chemistry analyser, BioMajesty, Jeol, Japan). <h3>Methods</h3> The operation and technical performance of each system was assessed and compared with manufacturers' claims using the manufacturers' recommended sample collection tube loaded with haemoglobin (Hb)-spiked faecal samples or Hb in buffer. <h3>Results</h3> All collection tubes and analysers were considered useable, although the BioMajesty was unnecessarily complex for a single analyte. The use of re-usable cuvettes by NS-PLUS, OC-SENSOR DIANA and BioMajesty increases the volume of water waste, but reduces plastic clinical waste. HM-JACKarc and NS-PLUS were the most analytically sensitive (accurately measures to the lowest concentration). Imprecision with NS-PLUS was inconsistent with manufacturers' claims; imprecision for OC-SENSOR DIANA and BioMajesty could not be compared directly with manufacturers' claims due to differences between mean concentrations of the samples. All analysers except BioMajesty demonstrated good linearity. Precision (variation of measurement) was good for HM-JACKarc and for OC-SENSOR DIANA within the manufacturers' recommended range. Automated or semi-automated dilution of highly concentrated samples was available with all analysers, except HM-JACKarc, which has a limited measurement range. The NS-PLUS and BioMajesty did not alert the user to a hook/prozone effect (erroneously low values at exceptionally high concentrations). Sample stability over a range of temperatures was similar to manufacturers' claims for all analysers and much improved from previous studies. Whilst fewer staff may be required for screening, they will need further laboratory training to process FIT samples. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This evaluation provides essential information to guide the BCSP through the usual tendering procedure. <h3>Reference</h3> Halloran SP <i>et al</i>. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition. Faecal occult blood testing. <i>Endoscopy </i>2012;44(S03):SE65–SE87 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Exercise and diverticular disease
Authors: K W Heaton, W G Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

has allowed safe and easy access to the upper gastrointestinal tract for feeding.These systems have almost entirely replaced surgical gastrostomy procedures.3A double channel valve allows separate ports for feeding and stomach drainage.Various kits are now available.Short term follow up studies have shown reduced mortality and morbidity in patients who have had an endoscopic gastrostomy compared with those who have had a surgical gastrostomy, but long term follow up data are limited.4Severe gastroparesis diabeticorum has a high mortality.'This treatment allowed our patient to go home for considerably longer than he had managed previously, and we consider that per- cutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy feeding is a useful therapeutic option in gatroparesis diabeticorum that has not responded to standard medical management.
A49: Intra-Articular Corticosteroids Injections in the Lower Extremities: How Do Ankles Respond?
Authors: Jean-Philippe Proulx-Gauthier, Claire LeBlanc, GaëAdelle ChéAaedeville
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of chronic arthritis in childhood. Intra-articular corticosteroids injections (IAS) are a safe and effective therapeutic option for affected children. The response of the ankle joint to IAS is thought to be less favourable than other joints. To date, little evidence is available to support this observation and there is insufficient research evaluating the response of the ankle compared to other joints of the lower extremities.



Methods:

JIA patients 0–18 years old followed at the Montreal Children's Hospital undergoing IAS (blindly or with fluoroscopy) in the lower extremities from January 1st 2005 to December 30th 2012 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Data obtained through chart review encompassed demographics, IAS method, and response to IAS. Response was evaluated at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-procedure. Patients without available data for at least 3 months following intervention were excluded. Non-response to IAS was determined within the first 3 months after IAS. Time to flare was assessed in subsequent visits up to 24 months.



Results:

Data from 70 patients included in our study are presented. Median age at diagnosis was 4.7 years with 64% affected with oligoarthritis and 69% of female gender. Median age at the time of IAS was 7.8 years. Triamcinolone hexacetonide was administered in 98% of cases. IAS were performed in 97 knees, 50 ankles and 20 subtalar joints. At 3 months post IAS, 34.0% of ankles, 15.0% of subtalar joints and 11.3% of knees failed to demonstrate a clinical response. The median time to flare after IAS was 7.7 months for the ankles, 7.8 months for the subtalar joints and 8.1 months for the knees. Only two patients developed a complication (subcutaneous atrophy).



Conclusion:

To date, we report a higher rate of non-response following blind IAS ankle injections compared to other lower extremities joints. Future analysis of the entire cohort will assess the factors associated with a non-response to IAS as well as the factors associated with a longer duration of remission. Our findings may reflect inaccurate needle placement and/or non-treatment of associated tenosynovitis and suggest the need to modify the approach to IAS in the ankles by performing ultrasound-guided injections to improve outcomes.
Public health: what's the big idea?
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is refreshing, in an age of managerialist tinkering, to come across a grand vision, the rejection of the narrow language of individualism and choice in favour of the big picture. This is what Tim Lang and Geof Rayner offer in their invited essay (doi:10.1136/bmj.e5466), in which they argue that public health thinking needs an overhaul and a new model that is fit for the 21st century. Tracing the public health project back to its 18th century origins, they examine the shifting definition of the term. What, they ask, can a model that focused on sanitation, medical infrastructure, and education in personal hygiene say about the public health challenges of today? The …
Inhaled Anticholinergics and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sonal Singh
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes is unknown.To ascertain the cardiovascular risks of inhaled anticholinergics, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke.Systematic searches were conducted on March 19, 2008, of relevant articles in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, regulatory authority Web sites in the United States and the United Kingdom, and manufacturers' trial registries with no date restrictions.Randomized controlled trials of any inhaled anticholinergic for treatment of COPD that had at least 30 days of treatment and reported on cardiovascular events.The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using fixed-effects models and statistical heterogeneity was estimated with the I(2) statistic.After a detailed screening of 103 articles, 17 trials enrolling 13,645 [corrected] patients were analyzed. Follow-up duration ranged from 6 weeks to 5 years. Cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke occurred in 134 of 6984 [corrected] patients (1.9%) [corrected] receiving inhaled anticholinergics and 83 of 6661 [corrected] patients (1.2%) receiving control therapy (RR, 1.60 [corrected] [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.22-2.10]; [corrected] P < .001, I(2) = 0%). Among individual components of the primary end point, inhaled anticholinergics significantly increased the risk of MI (RR, 1.52 [95% CI 1.04-2.22]; [corrected] P = .03, I(2) = 0%) and cardiovascular death (RR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.23-3.00]; P = .004, [corrected] I(2) = 0%) without a statistically significant increase in the risk of stroke (RR, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.81-2.62]; P = .20, I(2) = 0%). All-cause mortality was reported in 146 [corrected] of the patients treated with inhaled anticholinergics (2.1%) and 108 [corrected] of the control patients (1.6%) (RR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.00-1.65]; P = .05, I(2) = 0%) [corrected] A sensitivity analysis restricted to 6 [corrected] long-term trials (>6 months) confirmed the significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke (2.9% of patients treated with anticholinergics vs 1.8% of the control patients; RR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.27-2.35]; [corrected] P < .001, I(2) = 0%).Inhaled anticholinergics are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke among patients with COPD.
Differences in the frequency and function of HHV8-specific CD8 T cells between asymptomatic HHV8 infection and Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Marion Lambert, Monique Gannagé, Alexandre Karras, Michal Abel, Christophe Legendre, Delphine Kerob, Felix Agbalika, Pierre-Marie Girard, Celeste Lebbe, Sophie Caillat-Zucman
Journal: Blood (2006)
Predictive value of baseline serum vascular endothelial growth factor and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in advanced kidney cancer patients receiving sunitinib
Authors: Camillo Porta, Chiara Paglino, Mara De Amici, Silvana Quaglini, Lucia Sacchi, Ilaria Imarisio, Cinzia Canipari
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
37 THE BILIARY COMPARTMENT IS THE ORIGIN OF LIVER PROGENITOR CELLS AND CONTRIBUTES TO NEWLY GENERATED HEPATOCYTES IN HEPATIC REGENERATION
Authors: D. Rodrigo-Torres, S. Affò, O. Morales-Ibanez, M. Coll, C. Millán, D. Blaya, A. Alvarez-Guaita, C. Rentero, V. Arroyo, J. Caballería, C. Enrich, P. Ginès, J. Ferrer, R. Bataller, P. Sancho-Bru
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis as a Sequel to Acute Benign Pericarditis
Authors: S. Frederick Rabiner, Louis S. Specter, Charles B. Ripstein, Austin A. Schlecker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ACUTE benign pericarditis is a well recognized clinical syndrome, but its relation to chronic constrictive pericarditis is still a matter of dispute. Pathological studies of autopsy and operative material obtained from patients with constrictive pericarditis have shown some variation in the etiology, but in all the series reported, a large percentage of cases have been placed in the group with no specific cause (Table 1). There is evidence that many of these cases are the end result of so-called acute benign pericarditis. The case reported below represents typical acute pericarditis with massive effusion that failed to respond to medical management. . . .
The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cells—Now and Forever, Cells Without End
Authors: Eric Juengst, Michael Fossel
Journal: JAMA (2000)

;the embryonic human origins of such cells warrantsan equally profound ethical concern. The ethical issues arenot primarily matters of scientific fact nor of political be-lief. Consequently, these issues cannot adequately be ad-dressedsimplybyreferencetothebiologyofembryonicstemcells or the contemporary political context of stem cell re-search. To successfully make the case for developing thetherapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells, thebiomedical community must engage these issues as genu-ine questions of morality and social policy. Just as an accu-rate understanding of stem cell biology is crucial to soundpolicy making, an accurate appraisal of the substantive andinseparable ethical issues is equally crucial. The biomedi-calcommunityandsocietyasawholecananswertheseques-tionsandjustifytheclinicalpromiseofembryonicstemcellresearch but only by paying serious attention to the legiti-mate ethical issues.
GONORRHEAL PROSTATIC ABSCESS IN FOUR YEAR OLD BOY
Authors: Claude P. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Gonorrhea in the male child is considered rare, or very rare, by most authorities, and not a great many cases have been reported in boys at or before puberty. Squires reports five cases of gonorrhea in male children ranging in age from 5 years to 12 years. Bierbach reports two cases in young boys whose respective ages were 3 and 6 years. Wolbarst, within two years, saw twenty-two cases of gonorrheal infection in boys ranging from 18 months to 12 years of age. Textbooks make little or no mention of gonorrhea in male children, although its comparative frequency is recognized in female children. Unquestionably the condition is much rarer in young boys than in young girls. Most authorities who report cases emphasize the fact that gonorrheal infection in children is accompanied much less often by complications than is the infection in adults. This is presumably due to the fact that
THE SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
Authors: William G. Lennox
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Epilepsy is no longer inscrutable; its control is no longer in the state of wishful thinking. The electroencephalogram, new medicaments, and fresh surgical techniques promise recovery to countless victims of the disease and to their physicians. However, there are obstructions as formidable as the seizure barriers already passed. The good physician cannot abandon his charges at this point, but he must study these obstacles and assist in surmounting them. He must match modern drug and surgical therapy with practical sociopsychological therapy. The good physician is concerned not only with turbulent brain waves but with disturbed emotions and with social injustice, for the epileptic is not just a nervemuscle preparation; he is a person, in health an integrated combination of the physical, the mental, the social, and the spiritual. Disruption of any part can cause or aggravate illness. <h3>EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS</h3> Epilepsy is not characterized by a continuous prolonged condition but a
Studies of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Normal Man
Authors: G. E. BURCH, J. A. ABILDSKOV, J. A. CRONVICH
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The spatial vectorcardiograms of 75 normal subjects have been studied and some features of these records are described. The QRS sÊ and T sÊ-loops were found to have only two basic spatial configurations but with a variety of orientations thus giving widely different planar projections and in part accounting for the wide range of normal electrocardiograms. The significance of this and other findings is discussed and certain concepts pertinent to the study of the vectorcardiogram are presented.
Itch Mite on Way to Work
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reactive Oxygen Species Enhance Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Kim Loh, Haiyang Deng, Atsushi Fukushima, Xiaochu Cai, Benoit Boivin, Sandra Galic, Clinton Bruce, Benjamin J. Shields, Beata Skiba, Lisa M. Ooms, Nigel Stepto, Ben Wu, Christina A. Mitchell, Nicholas K. Tonks, Matthew J. Watt, Mark A. Febbraio, Peter J. Crack, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Tony Tiganis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Managing the Human Toll Caused by Seasonal Influenza
Authors: Arthur Caplan, Nirav R. Shah
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of moving flow separation in pulsatile flow and the degree of stenosis by power of Doppler shift signals.
Authors: T Tamura, A Fronek
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Power ratios were derived from the principle of ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry to determine a ratio of the volume of vortices to the total vessel volume under the ultrasonic beam. This ratio also equals the ratio of the cross-sectional area of vortices to the vessel lumen. In vitro pulsatile flow experiments were performed in a Reynolds number range of 1,230-4,320 with axisymmetric constrictions with area reductions of 55%, 65%, 70%, and 85% to model carotid stenosis. Flow separation downstream from the model stenoses was detected, and the power ratio fluctuated when vortices with the forward- and reverse-flow velocity components passed by the measurement position. The power ratio estimated the degree of stenosis within 10% of error. Ensemble average of the power ratio was computed to obtain the statistically averaged separated flow region. The moving flow reattachment point was revealed downstream from the 85% stenosis at a Reynolds number of 900.
Posterior Fossa: A Clinical Comparison of Radionuclide Scanning and Computed Tomography
Authors: ANTHONY M. PASSALAQUA, PHILIP A. BARDFELD, PHILIP BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

CT and RN imaging both appear to be less sensitive in detecting lesions in the posterior fossa than in the supratentorial area. This study compares the accuracy of these two modalities in 27 patients with a variety of proven posterior-fossa lesions, all studied by both methods. The overall yield of RN studies in these cases was 59%. The yield of CT without contrast was 67%. The combination of RN and noncontrast CT detected 85% of the cases. The combination of CT with and without contrast had, at best, the same accuracy. When used as a screening test, the small but established risk of IV contrast material must be considered. CT, both with and without contrast, plus RN still missed two out of 27 cases.
Abstract 4883: Differences in epigenetic patterns of <i>HOX</i> genes in normal lung and Non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Borum Lee, Sung-Min Chun, Min-Young Jin, Se Jin Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract HOX genes have determinative roles in cell fate during embryogenesis and adult cellular differentiation. Their dysregulation has been implicated in many human cancers. Loss of or de novo expression of the genes by methylation abnormality are also reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we screened the expression profiles of the HOX D genes in normal lung tissues, a bronchial epithelial cell line, 9 NSCLC cell lines and 10 normal-tumor pairs of NSCLC tissues and compared epigenetic patterns of the genes by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Dual-Specific Bisulfite PCR (DSBP) and ChIP-on-chip assay. We showed frequent cancer specific de novo expression of HOX D9, D11, and D13 genes in NSCLC tissues and cells in contrast to normal lung tissues. In methylation assay, unexpectedly, the genes are frequently hypermethylated in cancerous samples but show low level of methylation in normal tissues. In ChIP-on-chip assay, we observed that normal tissues show repressive or bivalent histone modification pattern characterized by high level of H3K27me3 and low level of H4K20me3 and H4K16ac at the up-stream region of the genes. In contrast, cancer tissues showed permissive or active histone modification patterns at the region characterized by low level of H3K27me3 and high level of H4K20me3 and H4K16ac. The results suggest that normal epigenetic state of the genes in lung tissue could be defined as bivalent histone modification pattern, no DNA methylation and no gene expression. In lung cancer, epigenetic state of the genes are dysregulated to permissive histone modification pattern, DNA hypermethylation and de novo expression of the genes. (This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare technology R&amp;D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare &amp; Family Affairs, Republic of Korea. (A084921), This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&amp;D Project, Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea. (A062254)) Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4883.
Israelis agree terms for embryonic cell use
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

An Israeli committee of leading experts in science, medicine, civil and Jewish law, philosophy, and ethics has agreed guidelines approving the therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells.

The 10 member bioethics advisory committee of the Israel Academy of Sciences and the Arts has deliberated the complex issues involved for eight months. It has endorsed both the use by researchers of embryonic cells from embryos left over from in vitro fertilisation and the possibility of therapeutic cloning of new embryos, although not for reproductive purposes.

The guidelines will be used …