tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT
Authors: Robert Lich
Journal: JAMA (1941)

It is our purpose in this paper to reemphasize the fact that uncontrollable prostatic hemorrhage can and does occur in benign hypertrophy. We have reference not to the hematuria so often associated with prostatism but indeed to a massive hemorrhage which actually threatens the life of the patient. That such a situation may occur spontaneously is significant, and its appreciation bespeaks caution in the use of instruments on the urethras of persons with prostatism. Adler<sup>1</sup>in 1892 reported the first case of uncontrollable prostatic hemorrhage due to ruptured prostatic varices following urethral catheterization. Shivers<sup>2</sup>in 1935 reviewed the existing literature, and since that time 9 additional cases have been reported by Nitsche<sup>3</sup>and Hyman and Leiter,<sup>4</sup>bringing the total number to 35. Hyman,<sup>5</sup>since his article in 1938, has seen 2 additional cases, and we wish to report a case of our own. <h3>ETIOLOGY</h3> There
Caesarean section: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: M. Gholitabar, R. Ullman, D. James, M. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In England, rates of caesarean section have increased from 9% of births in 1980 to 24.8% in 2010.1 The indications for the procedure vary. Healthcare professionals have to provide evidence based information for women about the risks and benefits of both planned and unplanned caesarean section. To advise women appropriately they also need to be aware of specific indications for caesarean section, effective management to avoid unnecessary caesarean section and reduce morbidity from caesarean section, and birth after a caesarean section. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on caesarean section.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italics in square brackets. ### Possible reasons for caesarean section #### Breech presentation (existing recommendations) #### Morbidly adherent placenta Women found antenatally to have morbidly adherent placenta (an abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall) will be advised to have a caesarean section. #### Diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta (new recommendation)
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis following oral nystatin therapy: a report of three cases
Authors: A. KÜCHLER, H. HAMM, B. WEIDENTHALER-BARTH, E. KÄMPGEN, E-B. BRÖCKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report three cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) following oral administration of nystatin. All cases showed similar clinical features and histopathological findings, and a delayed-type hypersensitivity to nystatin could be demonstrated in patch and prick testing. Drug eruptions to nystatin are extremely rare, and, to our knowledge. AGEP has not been reported previously.
Familial 13–15 Translocation Abnormality (Denver Classification) Associated with One Case of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Georgiana M. Jagiello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN 1960 Lejeune et al.1 noted a centric fusion of 2 13–15 chromosomes in the cells of a person with Klinefelter's syndrome, and in 1962 Walker and Harris2 , 3 reported several generations of a family with cases of similar translocation. In the study presented here, a family with a possible mosaicism for a similar translocation is described. Interest in the family sprang from the observed coincidence of cerebral palsy in 2 and anencephaly in a third member of the third generation.Methods and MaterialsEighteen members (Fig. 1) representing three generations were studied by means of the modified leukocyte-culture technic4 for . . .
Diet and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: David A. Snowdon
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to report the results of some preliminary analyses relating diet to the risk of fatal ovarian cancer. These findings are from a population of 16,190 white California Seventh-Day Adventists women who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1960.<sup>1</sup>Relationships were examined between 22 dietary variables measured by the questionnaire and subsequent risk of death due to ovarian cancer during 1960 to 1980. There were 50 deaths due to ovarian cancer identified during this time period. Age-adjusted risk ratios (and 95% confidence limits [CL]) were calculated for person-year data by the method described by Rothman and Boice.<sup>2</sup>Prior to the analyses, consumption categories for each food were defined. The strongest and most consistent relationships between diet and risk were observed for egg and fried food consumption. Women who ate eggs (ie, fried or nonfried) three or more days each week had a three times
Efficacy of Prophylactic Immucothel&lt;sup&gt;&amp;reg;&lt;/sup&gt; in Patients Pretreated with Conventional Drugs to Prevent Recurrence of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: C. Echarti, C.D. Jurincic-Winkler, K.F. Klippel
Journal: European Urology (2000)
TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLISATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER IN NORTHERN IRELAND: OUTCOMES FROM A REGIONAL REFERRAL CENTRE
Authors: L Stratton, S K Bhat, W J Cash, I S Cadden, P Kennedy, P K Ellis, A Collins, A Gavin, N I McDougall
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is often used to palliate patients with inoperable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and may be used as a holding procedure prior to transplantation. All TACE therapy in Northern Ireland (NI) is delivered by a single centre. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To determine the outcomes for patients in NI treated with TACE for HCC since 2006. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with HCC diagnosed between 1 January 2006 and 30 November 2011 who underwent TACE in NI were identified. Case records were reviewed and the regional NI cancer registry database used for mortality data. <h3>Results</h3> 78 patients (82% male, mean age 66.3 years) with HCC were included. Mean number of treatments was 2.2 (range 1–6). The number treated each year from 2006 was 6, 11, 15, 14, 14 and 18 in 2011. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There has been a progressive increase in use of TACE for HCC treatment in NI since 2006. ALD was the most common aetiology. Mortality at 2 years was 67% which compares favourably with published studies.
Familial Alzheimer's chromosome 14 mutations
Authors: W. Wasco, W.P. Pettingell, P.D. Jondro, S.D. Schmidt, S. Gurubhagavatula, L. Rodes, T. Diblasi, D.M. Romano, S.Y. Guenette, D.M. Kovacs, J.H. Growdon, R.E. Tanzi
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Active Convalescence of Hernial Repairs
Authors: D. J. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1944)

this death was accidental, the woman being in ignorance of her condition and police inquiries having failed to reveal the pos- sibility of interference by any third party.It is of course accepted that air embolism may occur when an attempt is made to inject air or fluid, or both, through the cervix with the object of producing an abortion.There are three cases on record in which therapeutic vaginal insufflation during pregnancy had resulted in death from air embolism.So far as can be ascertained, however, there is no previous report of an instance in which simple vaginal douching led to air embolism from detachment of the placenta.This case is one of pure pulmonary air embolism.The finding of the patent foramen ovale at once raised the possi- bility that air would be found in the cerebral vessels also.Presumably the valvular nature of the very slight septal defect prevented this.Summary The causes of air embolism are reviewed and the mechanism of deat4ljdue to this condition is discussed.A case of accidental death from air embolism due to vaginal douching during pregnancy is recorded.
Symptom Research on Chronic Cough: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Richard S. Irwin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

This review provides a perspective on how research on the management of cough has evolved, looks at key methodologic lessons that have been learned from this research and how they may relate to the management of other symptoms, identifies important methodologic challenges that remain to be solved, and lists important questions that still need to be answered. Three important methodologic lessons have been learned. First, cough must be evaluated systematically and according to a neuroanatomic framework. Second, the response to specific therapy must be noted to determine the cause or causes of cough and to characterize the strengths and limitations of diagnostic testing. Third, multiple conditions can simultaneously cause cough. Among the three methodologic challenges that still need to be solved are 1) definitively determining the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and how best to interpret pH test results, 2) definitively determining the role of nonacid reflux in cough due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and 3) developing reliable and reproducible subjective and objective methods with which to assess the efficacy of cough therapy. Numerous important clinical questions are still unanswered: What role do empirical therapeutic trials play in diagnosing the cause of chronic cough? What is the most cost-effective approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough: empirical therapeutic trials or laboratory testing–directed therapeutic trials? How often is environmental air pollution, unrelated to allergies or smoking, responsible for chronic cough?
Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Response to Corticosteroids
Authors: Michael A. Foltzer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently cared for an intravenous (IV) drug abuser with a rapidly progressive<i>Pneumocystis</i>lung infection despite accepted chemotherapy. His condition dramatically responded to the addition of corticosteroids. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 20-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with moderate respiratory distress and progressive pulmonary infiltrates. Transbronchial biopsy showed<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>. The diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was made, and he was treated with IV trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in standard dosage (20 mg of trimethoprim per kilogram of body weight daily in divided doses). Initial stabilization was followed by the development of a rash with clinical and roentgenographic pulmonary deterioration on his third hospital day. Standard-dose IV pentamidine isethionate (4 mg per kilogram of body weight daily) was begun, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment was discontinued. Clinical improvement occurred in the initial three days of pentamidine therapy, as evidenced by resolution of tachypnea and tachycardia, with improvement of shunt
Abstract 4934: Employing the <i>Berg Interrogative Biology</i>® systems platform to elucidate cellular signaling changes that contribute to the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Min Du, Vivek Vishnudas, Socheata C. Lao, Shen Luan, Joaquin J. Jimenez, Jie Li, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Niven R. Narain
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, ranked as the third most fatal cancer after lung and stomach carcinomas. The diverse etiology, high morbidity/mortality, lack of diagnostic markers for early diagnosis and the highly variable clinical course of HCC have hindered advances in diagnosis and treatment. After years of studying the HCC, the understanding of molecular mechanism operational in HCC remains incomplete. The genomic, transcriptomic and comparative proteomic profiles have yielded some important insights for HCC research. However, many studies focused on single aspect of the cellular changes associated with HCC, hindering the full understanding of biological systems in their true complexity and dynamics. We describe a novel approach combining the power of cell biology, integrated proteomics platforms and an informatics platform that generates causal protein networks. In order to delineate the role of post-translation modification and enzymes that partake in such mechanisms, we incorporated activity based proteomics employing kinase enrichment probes and phosphoproteome mapping of total proteins in HCC cellular models. Multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib, the first line chemotherapeuitc agent for the advanced HCC patients, was used to probe the global kinase activity and protein phosphorylation changes associated with this treatment. Comparative proteomics, phosphoproteome and kinase activity data was integrated into the AI based REFS™ informatics platform. Causal networks of protein interaction specifically from a functional stand point namely kinase activity and potential targets that kinases can phosphorylate were generated. In addition, using cellular functional read out, proteins/ kinases that modulate phosphorylation of targets and mechanistically drive pathophysiological cellular behavior were determined. The approach outlined here enables global characterization of cellular responses, insights into mechanisms of chemo sensitivity and potential targets/biomarkers for clinical management of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4934. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4934
Fortnightly review: Investigating and managing infertility in general practice
Authors: T B Hargreave, J A Mills
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The introduction of techniques for treating infertility have given real hope to those who have been unable to have children. It is therefore prudent to review our management of these patients, to be aware of the likelihood of success and to carry out only those investigations and treatments that are likely to be of benefit.

#### Summary points

Investigation of infertility should include both partners, and ideally the same general practitioner should be involved with each partner

It is good practice to consider the welfare of the future child as well as the needs of the couple

Duration of infertility and age of female partner are the most important factors when making a prognosis for treatment

Early referral for specialist assessment is indicated if there is a specific problem or when the female partner is aged over 35 years

Semen analysis should be carried out in all cases, and if the result is abnormal it should be repeated

General advice should be given to all couples on, for example, folic acid supplements, rubella immunity, and stopping smoking

For this review, we made extensive use of background material from a major consultation process commissioned by the European Society for Human Reproduction, in which TBH was involved,1 and also used the review of effective health care itself.1 We have both worked for more than 10 years in the field, and we used our experience to include those aspects of infertility practice relevant to general practitioners and primary care physicians.

If a couple have not conceived within three years of stopping contraception then the chance of a spontaneous (treatment independent) pregnancy in the next year is not more than 25% irrespective of the results of semen analysis (table 1), and it is therefore appropriate to refer them to a specialist clinic. If the female …
Dependency of cyclic AMP-induced insulin release on intra- and extracellular calcium in rat islets of Langerhans.
Authors: E G Siegel, C B Wollheim, M Kikuchi, A E Renold, G W Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Calcium and cyclic AMP are important in the stimulation of insulin release. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) raises islet cAMP levels and causes insulin release at nonstimulatory glucose concentrations. In isolated rat pancreatic islets maintained for 2 d in tissue culture, the effects of IBMX on insulin release and 45Ca++ fluxes were compared with those of glucose. During perifusion at 1 mM Ca++, 16.7 mM glucose elicited a biphasic insulin release, whereas 1 mM IBMX in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose caused a monophasic release. Decreasing extracellular Ca++ a monophasic release. Decreasing extracellular Ca++ to 0.1 mM during stimulation reduced the glucose effect by 80% but did not alter IBMX-induced release. Both glucose and IBMX stimulated 45Ca++ uptake (5 min). 45Ca++ efflux from islets loaded to isotopic equilibrium (46 h) was increased by both substances. IBMX stimulation of insulin release, of 45Ca++ uptake, and of efflux were not inhibited by blockade of Ca++ uptake with verapamil, whereas glucose-induced changes are known to be inhibited. Because IBMX-induced insulin release remained unaltered at 0.1 mM calcium, it appears that cAMP-stimulated insulin release is controlled by intracellular calcium. This is supported by perifusion experiments at 0 Ca++ when IBMX stimulated net Ca++ efflux. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin release was potentiated by IBMX. These results suggest that cAMP induced insulin release is mediated by increases in cytosolic Ca++ and that cAMP causes dislocation of Ca++ from intracellular stores.
Guarantee of surgical result
Authors: V. M. O'Hern
Journal: JAMA (1974)

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SILVER CATGUT AND HOW TO TIE IT.
Authors: EDUARD BOECKMANN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

nishes an interesting illustration of what violent disturb- ances may follow on comparatively slight traumatisms of the head, or arise from pathologic conditions so difficult of detection as to escape the surgeon's notice.The evi- dent curative effect of the operative interference will ad- mit of several interpretations, according to the view we take of the pathology of the case.906 N. Eighth Street.DISCUSSION.Dr. J. T. Eskridge, Denver, Colo.-Did you say, Doctor, that a single convulsion would last an hour, and the attacks would repeat themselves?Dr. Re.tneking-The convulsions
Interferon-γ Activates Expression of p15 and p16 Regardless of 9p21.3 Coronary Artery Disease Risk Genotype
Authors: Naif A.M. Almontashiri, Meng Fan, Brian L.M. Cheng, Hsiao-Huei Chen, Robert Roberts, Alexandre F.R. Stewart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 499: NFATc1 is a novel invasion promoter in colorectal cancer
Authors: Manish K. Tripathi, Shinji Mima, Tanner J. Freeman, Connie Weaver, Natasha G. Deane, Bing Zhang, R. Daniel Beauchamp
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Colorectal carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. In order to understand the mechanism/signaling pathways responsible for invasion, migration and metastasis in colorectal cancer, our lab successfully modeled human cancer invasion/metastasis using mouse colon cancer cells. We have developed an integrative and comparative computational approach to reveal transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying colon cancer progression. Applying this approach to fourteen human colorectal cancer (CRC) microarray data sets and to one microarray dataset from an immunocompetent mouse model of metastasis, we identified known and novel transcriptional regulators in CRC. Among these transcriptional regulators, the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors play a central role in inducible gene transcription in various signaling pathways including regulation of cell differentiation, development, adaption, immune system response, inflammation, adipocyte metabolism, and lipolysis, and carcinogenesis. We found that an NFAT-driven transcriptional program significantly correlates with disease-free survival in multiple CRC Stage II patients. Using quantitative real time RT-PCR, we validated high NFATc1 expression in a subgroup of stage II colorectal cancer patients and differential expression of predicted NFATc1 targets in the same patients. The tumor-associated NFATc1 co-regulated gene signature was associated with worse clinical survival outcomes in stage II colorectal cancer patients. In comparison with parental MC38 mouse colon cancer cells, NFATc1 expression is increased in MC38met cells selected for invasive and metastatic ability, RNAi-based inhibition of NFATc1 expression in the MC38met cells resulted in decreased invasiveness in a transendothelial invasion model. Our studies suggest a role for NFATc1 as a tumor promoting transcription factor that contributes to invasion in colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 499. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-499