tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravascular Ultrasound Evidence of Angiographically Silent Progression in Coronary Atherosclerosis Predicts Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir R. Kapadia, Ravish Sachar, Khaled M. Ziada, Timothy D. Crowe, Jingyuan Feng, William A. Magyar, Robert E. Hobbs, Randall C. Starling, James B. Young, Patrick McCarthy, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Quality of life and capsaicin sensitivity in patients with sensory airway hyperreactivity
Authors: E. Millqvist, O. Löwhagen, M. Bende
Journal: Allergy (2000)

A group of patients with asthma-like symptoms and sensitivity to chemical irritants has shown an increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin compared to patients with asthma and to healthy controls. The condition is called sensory hyperreactivity (SHR), and the patients often feel that they are socially handicapped because of the risk of exposure to chemical irritants in daily life.Twenty-six patients with asthma-like symptoms after exposure to nonspecific irritating stimuli, but without IgE-mediated allergy or demonstrable bronchial obstruction, were selected for a study of the response to a capsaicin test and measurement of quality of life by a general health profile (the Nottingham Health Profile [NHP]). We also investigated whether there was a correlation between quality of life and sensitivity to capsaicin.The patients demonstrated a dose-dependent response to the capsaicin provocation, with coughing and respiratory and other symptoms, that significantly differed from 12 healthy controls. The health profile showed that patients with SHR had a significantly reduced quality of life compared to reference values, and there was a significant correlation between the health profile and sensitivity to capsaicin.Patients with asthma-like symptoms verified by the capsaicin inhalation test for sensory hyperreactivity have a poor quality of life. The correlation between quality of life and sensitivity to capsaicin objectively demonstrates the validity of this general health profile study.
Abstract PD10-07: Hormone-Receptor Expression and Activity of Trastuzumab-Based Therapy in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: F Montemurro, V Rossi, M Cossu Rocca, R Martinello, E Verri, S Redana, L Adamoli, G Valabrega, A Sapino, M Aglietta, G Viale, A Goldhirsch, F. Nolè
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Hormone receptors (HR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are key biological factors in breast cancer. Gene expression profile studies indicate that HER2-positive/HR-positive and HER2-positive/HR-negative tumors fall into two distinct subtypes. These two subtypes carry a different prognosis in the absence of HER2-targeting. Furthermore, a relationship has been documented between increasing HR expression and reduced chemoresponsiveness. Despite these differences, HER2-positive abvanced breast cancer patients are usually treated with a unified approach of combining chemotherapy with an HER2-targeting agent, regardless of HR status. We studied the association between hormone receptor (HR) expression and the clinical outcome of women with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer receiving chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. Methods: The effect of HR expression on overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) to trastuzumab-based treatment was studied by univariate and multivariate analysis. HR positivity was defined as 1% or more tumor cells positive for the estrogen (ER) and/or for the progesterone (PgR) receptor by immunohistochemistry. For both ER and PgR, we studied different thresholds to identify levels of expression associated with the clinical outcomes of interest. Results: 227 consecutive advanced breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab plus chemotherapy between June 1999 and November 2008 at two Institutions were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred eleven patients (49%) had HR-positive tumors. Compared with low or no expression, high expression of ER (30% or more) predicted reduced probability of tumor response to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (multivariate odds ratio 0.422, 95% confidence interval-C.I. 0.222-0.803, p = 0.009). In patients with HR-positive tumors the addition of maintenance endocrine therapy to trastuzumab after the completion of chemotherapy was associated with a significant increase in progression-free survival (hazard ratio-HR 0.521, 95% C.I. 0.3325-0.836, p = 0.007). Patients with HR-positive tumors not receiving maintenance endocrine therapy had similar PFS than patients with HR-negative tumors (HR 0.914, 95% C.I. 0.654-1.279, p = 0.601). In patients not receiving maintenance endocrine therapy, high ER expression (30% or more cells) was associated with non-significant trend towards reduced risk of progression, compared with patients with low or absent ER expression (HR 0.747, 95% C.I. 0.516-1.081, p = 0.122). Conclusions: Our results suggest a predictive role of HR expression in HER2-positive tumors. Further investigation in this patient subset is warranted to optimize the use of HER2-targeting agents, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-07.
Class I Histone Deacetylase Expression Has Independent Prognostic Impact in Human Colorectal Cancer: Specific Role of Class I Histone Deacetylases <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Wilko Weichert, Annika Röske, Silvia Niesporek, Aurelia Noske, Ann-Christin Buckendahl, Manfred Dietel, Volker Gekeler, Markus Boehm, Thomas Beckers, Carsten Denkert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Recently, several studies reported a strong functional link between histone deacetylases (HDAC) and the development of tumors of the large intestine. However, despite the importance of these molecules, comparably little is known on expression patterns and functions of specific HDAC isoforms in colorectal cancer.We characterized class I HDAC isoform expression patterns in a cohort of 140 colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. In addition, effects of HDAC inhibition by valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, and specific HDAC isoform knockdown by short interfering RNA, were investigated in a cell culture model.We found class I HDACs highly expressed in a subset of colorectal carcinomas with positivity for HDAC1 in 36.4%, HDAC2 in 57.9%, and HDAC3 in 72.9% of cases. Expression was significantly enhanced in strongly proliferating (P = 0.002), dedifferentiated (P = 0.022) tumors. High HDAC expression levels implicated significantly reduced patient survival (P = 0.001), with HDAC2 expression being an independent survival prognosticator (hazard ratio, 2.6; P = 0.03). Short interfering RNA-based inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 but not HDAC3 suppressed growth of colon cancer cells in vitro, although to a lesser extent than chemical HDAC inhibitors did.The strong prognostic impact of HDAC isoforms in colorectal cancer, the interactions of HDACs with tumor cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo, and our finding that HDACs are differentially expressed in colorectal tumors suggest that the evaluation of HDAC expression in clinical trials for HDAC inhibitors might help to identify a patient subgroup who will exceptionally profit from such a treatment.
The Brazil SimSmoke Policy Simulation Model: The Effect of Strong Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in a Middle Income Nation
Authors: David Levy, Liz Maria de Almeida, Andre Szklo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

David Levy and colleagues use the SimSmoke model to estimate the effect of Brazil's recent stronger tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality, and the effect that additional policies may have.
Pulmonary Embolectomy
Authors: R. D. Sautter, B. R. Lawton, G. E. Magnin, D. A. Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FOUR successful cases of pulmonary embolectomy employing cardiopulmonary bypass have been reported in the literature since Cooley's1 original report in 1961. In the case reported below, preoperative pulmonary arteriography, performed because there was some doubt about the exact diagnosis, confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary-artery obstruction, and ligation of the inferior vena cava and pulmonary embolectomy, with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, was performed.In the past, there has been some question whether emboli could be completely removed surgically. The postoperative angiogram demonstrates that this is possible.Case ReportOn February 6, 1963, F.H., a 50-year-old man, was involved in an . . .
A Calculator for Prostate Cancer Risk 4 Years After an Initially Negative Screen: Findings from ERSPC Rotterdam
Authors: Monique J. Roobol, Xiaoye Zhu, Fritz H. Schröder, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Ron H. van Schaik, Chris H. Bangma, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Isolation of A Potent Cholesterol Nucleation–Promoting Activity From Human Gallbladder Bile: Role in the Pathogenesis of Gallstone Disease
Authors: Albert K. Groen, Christa Noordam, Jan A.G. Drapers, Peter Egbers, Peter L.M. Jansen, Guido N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Gallbladder bile contains nucleation-promoting activity that binds to concanavalin A. The activity was found in gallbladder bile from cholesterol gallstone patients but also in gallbladder bile from patients without stones and patients with pigment stones. Bile from patients with multiple cholesterol gallstones contained high concanavalin A-binding nucleation-promoting activity. The activity was much lower in bile samples from pigment stone patients, patients without stones and patients with a solitary cholesterol stone. Serum contained very little activity and no concanavalin A-binding nucleation-promoting activity could be demonstrated in gallbladder mucosa. This suggests that concanavalin A-binding nucleation promoter is produced in the liver or bile duct epithelium. The activity was fully resistant to digestion with pronase but was heat labile and could be destroyed by prolonged incubation with a mixed glycosidase preparation indicating that sugar residues are important for this activity. On a Superose 12 gel permeation column, promoting activity eluted in two major peaks at apparent molecular weights of 150 +/- 30 kD (n = 5) and less than 5 kD respectively. The mobility on the column was not influenced by pronase digestion. The factor with the higher molecular weight could be isolated further by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight of the glycoprotein was 130 kD. In conclusion, gallbladder bile contains nucleation-promoting activity that binds to concanavalin A. The activity is increased in bile from patients with multiple cholesterol gallstones and could therefore play an important role in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.
Bloodgate: were the punishments fair?
Authors: Lynley Anderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The Bloodgate saga is finally being resolved for the two medical team members involved (the doctor was given a warning, while the physiotherapist was initially struck off). But were the differences in punishments justified, and by focusing on the individuals, are we missing the real problem?

The term Bloodgate was given to events that occurred in April 2009 when, during a rugby match between Leinster and Harlequins, a Harlequins player (Tom Williams) faked a blood injury in order to be replaced by a specialist kicker in an attempt to win the match. The physiotherapist and doctor were both closely involved in the scam. At the behest of the coach, the physiotherapist (appointed England Rugby team physiotherapist) gave the blood capsule to Williams.1 The doctor later cut the inside of Williams' mouth to ‘demonstrate a real injury’.2 Their actions were brought to the attention of their respective professional bodies. In August 2010, Dr Wendy Chapman was given a warning by the General Medical Council (GMC) (listed on her registration).2 In September 2010, the Health Professions Council (HPC) struck off physiotherapist Stephen Brennan.3 This decision was …
Chest and Cardiac Imaging.
Authors: S. Cylde
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Chest and Cardiac Imaging. Saldanha Cylde Saldanha Cylde London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Page 1122, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.1122b Published: 01 July 1994
Circulating insulin: the proinsulin-like properties of “big” insulin in patients without islet cell tumors
Authors: Barry M. Sherman, Phillip Gorden, Jesse Roth, Pierre Freychet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

When plasma is filtered on Sephadex G-50, insulin immunoreactivity is recovered in two peaks. "Big" insulin, the higher molecular weight component, and "little" insulin, the lower molecular weight component, have elution volumes that correspond to those of proinsulin-(125)I and insulin-(125)I respectively. When plasma was extracted with acid ethanol and filtered in 1.0 M acetic acid, the patterns and proportions of "big" and "little" insulin were indistinguishable from those obtained by filtration of whole plasma in neutral buffer. When "big" insulin was isolated from plasma and mixed with a tracer of porcine proinsulin-(125)I, trypsin converted the "big" insulin immunoreactivity to the gel filtration pattern of "little" insulin in the same way that it converted the proinsulin radioactivity. More than 90% of both "big" insulin and proinsulin were converted at optimal trypsin concentrations. Our present guinea pig anti-insulin serum failed to distinguish "big" from "little" but a porcine proinsulin anti-serum, under appropriate conditions of assay, reacted strongly with "big" insulin but not at all with "little." When tested on isolated fat cells, "little" insulin had the same bioactivity as porcine insulin, whereas "big" insulin had the same low activity as porcine proinsulin. These studies suggest that "big" insulin represents either single-chain proinsulin and/or a proinsulin intermediate that has similar low bioactivity.
The Imperatives of Narrative: Health Interest Groups and Morality in Network News
Authors: Joshua A. Braun
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

This article examines some of the story conventions of network television news to explain the ways in which healthcare interest groups develop and maintain their presence in this medium—a process that has significant implications for public understanding of healthcare issues, and therefore to bioethics. The article is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on three major normative conventions of television news: adherence to a simple narrative structure, the balance ethic, and avoidance of the “think-piece” and outlines the basic strategies available to interest groups for exploiting these normative conventions. Section two introduces three case studies of organizations and individuals who have run high-profile media campaigns. Section three explores the implications for bioethics of the observations made in this article.
What to Do Now on Health Care System Reform
Authors: Stuart M. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

America can in 1995 take the right steps needed to reform the health care system if policymakers recognize that for the vast majority of working Americans, security was and remains a central issue—the fear that health care services they are comfortable with today will not be there in the future. It is crucial to understand that this insecurity is in part inherent in the employer-provided insurance system, although other factors do contribute to insecurity. Americans typically choose and own their life insurance, their home, and their car, and their place of employment is irrelevant to the choices available. With this ownership comes control and security. But in health care, the employer typically owns their policy, deciding which major services will be covered and, increasingly, who will provide them. The employer's overriding concern of curbing cost typically conflicts with the employee's concern of access to certain services and physicians and simplicity
Abstract 5206: Nanog family members are essential for spherogenicity and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Jingyu Zhang, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, J. Milburn Jessup
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Liver is the most common site for colorectal cancer (CRC) distant metastasis and hepatic metastasis is one of the main causes of death in CRC patients. Inhibition of liver metastases in patients with CRC may increase the survival of patients. Our postulate is that genes involved in early embryogenesis, Nanog, Oct4 and SOX2, may be reactivated and control the malignant properties of metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Nanog is a family of 11 pseudogenes with the original parent gene on chromosome 12. In order to identify which gene product is expressed in human CRC, we developed a novel endonuclease restriction enzyme assay, which was used in six human CRC cell lines. Monolayer cultures of CRC cells express Nanog, NanogP8, and NanogP7 but spheroids cultured in serum-free medium only express NanogP8 which was confirmed by direct sequencing. In addition, two potential DNA methylation regions are detected in the promoters of Nanog and NanogP8 by sodium bisulfite sequencing of genomic DNA in hES and CRC CloneA cells. In hES cells, the methylation status of Nanog and NanogP8 was about 30% and 60%, respectively. In contrast, in CloneA cells, it was 65% for Nanog and about 40% for NanogP8 and lower for CX-1 CRC cells. These results suggest that NanogP8 is re-activated in CRC through promoter demethylation in CRC spheroids that are enriched for putative stem cells. Overexpression of NanogP8 in CloneA and CX-1 significantly increased the spherogenicity of single CRC cells. In addition, lentiviral shRNA to Nanog inhibited spherogenicity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo whereas shRNA to OCT4 and SOX2 actually increased spherogenicity and tumorigenicity. Lentiviral shRNA inhibition of Nanog prevented liver colonies after intrasplenic injection of CX-1 cells whereas 45% of NOD/SCID mice developed experimental metastases after injection of the untreated CX-1 cells or CX-1 cells treated with negative control shRNA. As a result, targeting Nanog and its family members expressed in CRC may block the progression of CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5206. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5206
1139 Characterisation and functional analysis of hepatitis B virus mutants selected in patients with severe hepatitis during long term lamivudine therapy: role of compensatory mutations in disease progression
Authors: N WARNER, S LOCARNINI, A AYRES, G THOMPSON, R EDWARDS, V SOZZI, N LEUNG, B TEHAN, D CHALMERS, A BARTHOLOMEUSZ
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Immunohistochemical detection of imidazolone, a novel advanced glycation end product, in kidneys and aortas of diabetic patients.
Authors: T Niwa, T Katsuzaki, S Miyazaki, T Miyazaki, Y Ishizaki, F Hayase, N Tatemichi, Y Takei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To investigate the role of the Maillard reaction in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, we produced several clones of monoclonal antibodies against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by immunizing mice with AGE-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and found that one clone (AG-1) of the anti-AGE antibodies reacted specifically with imidazolones A and B, novel AGEs. Thus, the imidazolones, which are the reaction products of the guanidino group of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), a reactive intermediate of the Maillard reaction, were found to be common epitopes of AGE-modified proteins produced in vitro. We determined the erythrocyte levels of imidazolone in diabetic patients using ELISA with the monoclonal anti-imidazolone antibody. The imidazolone levels in the erythrocytes of diabetic patients were found to be significantly increased as compared with those of healthy subjects. Then we studied the localization of imidazolone in the kidneys and aortas obtained from diabetic patients by immunohistochemistry using the antibody. Specific imidazolone immunoreactivity was detected in nodular lesions and expanded mesangial matrix of glomeruli, and renal arteries in an advanced stage of diabetic nephropathy, as well as in atherosclerotic lesions of aortas. This study first demonstrates the localization of imidazolone in the characteristic lesions of diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis. These results, taken together with a recent demonstration of increased serum 3-DG levels in diabetes, strongly suggest that imidazolone produced by 3-DG may contribute to the progression of long-term diabetic complications such as nephropathy and atherosclerosis.
Crucial part of US health reform act is unconstitutional, says appeal court
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US health reform act’s requirement that most citizens buy health insurance is unconstitutional, the 11th US Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta, Georgia, has ruled. It said that the rest of the act could stand.

The Atlanta court, which is considered conservative, heard appeals from 26 Republican state governors and attorneys general who oppose health reform.

The requirement for most US citizens to buy health insurance, with subsidies to help those on low incomes, is critical to the success of the legislation, which was passed in March 2010 ( BMJ 2010;340:c1635, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1635). …
Future structure of clinical tropical medicine in the United Kingdom.
Authors: G C Cook
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A century ago, and less, the practice of clinical tropical medicine was largely dominated by physicians and surgeons from the United Kingdom. Latterly, the position has changed dramatic? ally.1 The Empire and the Raj have faded into past history, most former colonial territories have gained independence, and most developing tropical countries now undertake the training of physicians and surgeons in their own medical schools. Despite these developments, the structure of clinical tropical medicine in the United Kingdom has remained essentially unchanged, and it is timely to review the current position and to attempt to decide what should best be done for the future. Changes have been made in the non-clinical areas that have long dominated the tropical schools of the United Kingdom; in the clinical area there has been stagnation with a resulting loss of a sense of direction.
Loci predisposing to autoimmunity in MRL-Fas lpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr mice.
Authors: S Vidal, D H Kono, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Background genes determine the incidence and severity of lymphoaccumulation and histopathologic manifestations of systemic autoimmunity in mice homozygous for the apoptosis-defective Faslpr mutation. By interval mapping of 274 F2 mice intercrossed between MRL-Faslpr (severe disease) and C57BL/6-Faslpr (minimal disease), four loci were identified with significant linkage to lymphadenopathy and/ or splenomegaly on chromosomes 4, 5, 7, and 10, which were named lupus in (MRL-Faslpr x B6-Faslpr)F2 cross1-4 (Lmb1-4), respectively. Lmb1, -2, and -3 were also linked to the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies, but not glomerulonephritis, whereas Lmb4 was associated with glomerulonephritis. Lmb2, -3, and -4 were inherited from the MRL background, but interestingly, Lmb1 was derived from the C57BL16-Faslpr. Nevertheless, each locus, regardless of the strain of origin, appeared to act in an additive manner, although certain combinations were more effective. Only a single suggestive locus on chromosome 1 could be correlated with arthritis. The identification of loci with highly significant linkage to disease manifestations in Faslpr strains will make it possible to map and clone new genetic defects contributing to autoimmunity.