tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological aspects and clinical outcome of intra-anal application of isosorbide dinitrate in patients with chronic anal fissure.
Authors: W R Schouten, J W Briel, M O Boerma, J J Auwerda, E B Wilms, B H Graatsma
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter can be achieved by local application of exogenous nitric oxide donors. AIM: To evaluate the influence of topical application of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on anal pressure, anodermal blood flow, and fissure healing. PATIENTS: Thirty four consecutive patients (male/female: 18/16; mean age (SEM): 39 (10)) with a chronic anal fissure were studied. METHODS: All patients were treated for at least six weeks or a maximum period of 12 weeks. Before treatment and at three and six weeks 22 patients underwent conventional anal manometry and laser Doppler flowmetry of the anoderm. RESULTS: Within 10 days the fissure related pain was resolved in all patients. At six, nine, and 12 weeks the anal fissure was completely healed in 14, 22, and 30 patients respectively. At three and six weeks manometry was performed at least one hour after the last application of ISDN. These recordings showed a reduction of the maximum resting anal pressure (mean (SD), pretreatment 111 (26) mm Hg; three weeks 86 (19); six weeks 96 (27), p &lt; 0.001). Simultaneous recordings of anodermal blood flow showed a significant increase of flow (pretreatment 0.53 (0.17); three weeks 0.80 (0.16); six weeks 0.76 (0.31), p &lt; 0.005). The mean (SEM) duration of follow up after successful outcome was 11 (5) months. Within this period fissure relapsed in two of 30 patients (7%), eight and 10 weeks after treatment had been stopped. CONCLUSIONS: Local application of ISDN reduces anal pressure and improves anodermal blood flow. This dual effect results in a fissure healing rate of 88% at 12 weeks. This new and simple treatment modality seems to be an attractive alternative for the current available surgical procedures.
Improved Triclosan Delivery by a Novel Silica‐Based Nanocomposite
Authors: Igor Makarovsky, Jonathan Lellouche, Jean‐Paul Lellouche, Ehud Banin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract In this study, we report on the design, synthesis, and full characterization of a covalently‐linked, triclosan silica‐based nanoparticles (T‐SNPs), coated with a polyaminated shell (NH 2 ‐T‐SNPs). Various techniques are used to elucidate and rationalize the potential biological mechanism of action of these novel nanoparticles. NH 2 ‐T‐SNPs are found to be potently bactericidal with no detectable lag time for the antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus . In this context, we also prove that triclosan is the chemical agent that mediated the bactericidal activity of these chemically‐modified NPs. The obtained experimental data allows us to pinpoint the actual minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of triclosan‐bound NPs by quantifying intracellular triclosan concentrations. Furthermore, we conduct preliminary cytotoxicity studies, which show that triclosan bound NPs are less cytotoxic (2000 fold) in vitro compared to free‐triclosan when tested with various human and mammalian cell lines. Taken together, our results further support the characterization and development of these new nanoscale materials for various biomedical applications.
Free Thyroxine Levels in Critically III Patients
Authors: Robert J. Buehler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  We have read with interest the article by Slag et al, Free Thyroxine Levels in Critically Ill Patients (1981;246:2702), and wish to call attention to several errors of interpretation. In Fig 1, the Damon Diagnostics microcapsule is depicted as showing thyroxine (T 4 ) tracer bound to thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) in the capsule, instead of T 4 tracer bound to specific anti-T 4 antibody. The selection of patients is presumed to be representative but consists of 94% male and 6% female patients. In the intensive care unit (ICU), patients with a total T 4 level below 5 μg/dL, the free T 4 index was low in 30% and the T 4 -TBG ratio was low in 35%. The commercial methods of Clinical Assays and Damon Diagnostics gave normal free T 4 results for these patients, consistent with better diagnostic performance of these methods in comparison with existing standard
Databases and Web Tools for Cancer Genomics Study
Authors: Yadong Yang, Xunong Dong, Bingbing Xie, Nan Ding, Juan Chen, Yongjun Li, Qian Zhang, Hongzhu Qu, Xiangdong Fang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Abstract Publicly-accessible resources have promoted the advance of scientific discovery. The era of genomics and big data has brought the need for collaboration and data sharing in order to make effective use of this new knowledge. Here, we describe the web resources for cancer genomics research and rate them on the basis of the diversity of cancer types, sample size, omics data comprehensiveness, and user experience. The resources reviewed include data repository and analysis tools; and we hope such introduction will promote the awareness and facilitate the usage of these resources in the cancer research community.
Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 suppresses naturally fed antigen–specific IgE production by stimulation of IL-12 production in mice
Authors: Shinji Murosaki, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Kazue Ito, Takeaki Inokuchi, Hiroaki Kusaka, Hitoshi Ikeda, Yasunobu Yoshikai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
PYONEPHROSIS.REPORT OF A CASE IN A NURSING CHILD OF SIX MONTHS. OPERATION, RECOVERY.
Authors: CHARLES P. STACKHOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>History.</h3> —Charles S. was born Sept. 8, 1904, was entirely breast-fed and was a typical healthy babe. As far as can be ascertained, no solid food had entered his stomach until the morning of the attack, when he was given a small piece of cracker. The bowels were regular and there was free excretion of apparently healthy urine. On Monday morning, March 6, 1905, about 10 o'clock, he began to cry loudly, as if in intense pain. A laxative and some colic cure were at once administered, and after a couple of hours he was cooing as if nothing unusual had occurred. In the afternoon he was somewhat restless, and all night he was feverish. A laxative and a dose of niter were administered and a moderate response was obtained, with little or no diminution of restlessness. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I saw him on the afternoon of the second day and found
A NEOSALVARSAN FATALITY
Authors: M. E. HAGERTY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

A number of untoward accidents have followed the use of salvarsan and neosalvarsan since its introduction as a therapeutic agent. Editorial comment inThe Journal<sup>l</sup>called attention to the dangers of the use of this remedy. The following case, which is hereby reported, is perhaps one of the most striking examples of what may happen following the injection of salvarsan, even under the most favorable circumstances, that is, in one who was not suffering from any serious organic lesions; and it is especially significant owing to its correspondence with a report of Wilhelm Wechselmann<sup>2</sup>and also that of Homer F. Swift,<sup>3</sup>of three almost identical cases. <h3>History.</h3> —H. C., man, aged 29, with a history of primary chancre about five years before, had mercury and potassium iodid treatment for over two years. For past two years he had taken no treatment. Present treatment began on account of
Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to Disseminated Zygomycosis
Authors: John Rozich
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We describe a case of cauda equina syndrome secondary to disseminated zygomycosis. A 52-year-old man had myelodysplastic syndrome, progressive weakness of the lower extremities, and incontinence. Neuroradiological findings were consistent with lumbar stenosis and probable disk herniation. A lung lesion was also discovered on the chest roentgenogram. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated after surgical decompression. Attempts at determining other etiologies were unsuccessful. At autopsy, disseminated zygomycosis was found affecting the lung and the vasculature of the cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve roots, with resultant focal demyelination of these structures. Ribbon-like hyphal elements were also present in the caudal roots. This opportunistic pathogen is discussed along with the diagnostic challenge presented by its unusual clinical presentation.
Evidence for the Presence of a Proteinase-Activated Receptor Distinct From the Thrombin Receptor in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Joyce J. Hwa, Lorraine Ghibaudi, Patricia Williams, Madhu Chintala, Rumin Zhang, Meeta Chatterjee, Edmund Sybertz
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The thrombin receptor was the first cloned G protein–coupled receptor reported to be activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus. A second proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-2) was cloned recently and expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PAR-2 was activated by trypsin and by a peptide (SLIGRL) derived from the new amino terminus. Since PAR-2 mRNA was detected in highly vascularized organs, we compared the physiological functions of the thrombin receptor and PAR-2 in vascular endothelium. Thrombin and trypsin both elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations in prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α )–contracted strips of porcine coronary artery. Whereas high doses of both thrombin or trypsin (10 U/mL) caused homologous desensitization, trypsin caused further relaxation of thrombin-desensitized tissues. Thrombin and PAR-2–derived peptides (SFLLRN and SLIGRL) both induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in PGF 2α -contracted porcine coronary arteries. SFLLRN or SLIGRL (30 μmol/L) also showed homologous desensitization but not cross desensitization. In the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (1 mmol/L), both SFLLRN- and SLIGRL-induced relaxations were partially inhibited. SFLLRN elicited weak contraction in coronary arteries without endothelium, whereas SLIGRL had no effect. Intravenous injection of SFLLRN (1 mg/kg, bolus) into anesthetized rats elicited a transient depressor response followed by pronounced pressor response. In contrast, intravenous administration of SLIGRL (1 mg/kg, bolus) produced only a marked depressor response. Consistent with the in vivo data, SFLLRN contracted the endothelium-rubbed rat aortic rings and aggregated human platelets in vitro, whereas SLIGRL had no effect. The finding that both trypsin and SLIGRL induced endothelium-dependent relaxations indicates the presence of PAR-2 on endothelial cells. In addition, both trypsin and SLIGRL elicited relaxations in thrombin- or SFLLRN-desensitized tissue, suggesting that PAR-2 is distinct from thrombin receptor in vascular endothelium. The lack of PAR-2–mediated platelet aggregation or smooth muscle contraction suggested it might not share the pathogenic properties associated with the thrombin receptor in the vasculature.
The Radiobiology of Human Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Melvin L. Griem
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The author has collected together the recent important contributions radiobiology has made to our knowledge of clinical radiation therapy. A review of the radiobiology of tissue culture systems is followed by a review of in vivo quantitative systems which may apply to the understanding of clinical radiation therapy. The theory of cell killing by x-rays has been developed in a logical fashion. The section on radiosensitivity and human cells reviews the important additions to our knowledge of the radiosensitivity in relation to the cell cycle. The material on the recovery of cells to a single dose of radiation is clearly presented. From that discussion the interplay of two doses of x-rays separated by a time interval is developed. A number of mathematical models are presented in clear and concise fashion to explain the experimental results. The chapter on cell populations expands the information presented in the previous chapter and deals
The West Somerset Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: W. M. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following The West Somerset Branch of the British Medical Association Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Reviews and Notes: Practical Rheumatology
Authors: John H. Bland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 August 1996Reviews and Notes: Practical RheumatologyJohn H. Bland, MDJohn H. Bland, MDUniversity of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-3-199608010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail John H. Klippel and Paul A. Dieppe; eds. 432 pages. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995. $59.95. ISBN 07234-2429-2. Order phone 800-426-4545.Practical Rheumatology is addressed to internists and primary care and general physicians. It is a “direct derivative” of a reference text, Rheumatology, which was designed for specialists and trainees with a particular commitment to musculoskeletal disorders. Rheumatology totalled 1766 pages; Practical Rheumatology totals 432. The content of the latter is suggested by its title: practical, everyday, accurate advice for immediate “use at the bedside.” However, its cumbersome size and weight would make it awkward at the bedside and presumably in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by2.Current State of Nuclear Cardiology(Workshop : Im pursuit of batter Scan Techniquis"Diagnostic imaging in Cardiac Diseases") 1 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 3Page: 255-256KeywordsConnective tissueForecastingNervous systemRheumatologySigns and symptoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Relationship Between IFN-γ Genotypes and the Development of Otitis Media (OM) During Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection in Young Children
Authors: J.M. Koehrsen, D.P. Skoner, D.A. Gentile, A. Patel, M. Varga, T.J. Schaffner, C.A. Schad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Mycoplasma and Reproductive Failure
Authors: Kurt Benirschke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Conditions associated with, if not due to, mycoplasma infection have become respectable entities in the last few years. An impressive volume summarizes the state of knowledge up to 1966.1 Interestingly enough, none of the contributors have addressed themselves to the possible relation of mycoplasma infection to disturbances of pregnancy, although genital disease due to these smallest free-living organisms are well known from broad veterinary experience. The pathogenetic importance of mycoplasma in human disease is not easily defined, and it was presumably with tongue in cheek that the chairman of the New York Academy of Sciences conference, Leonard Hayflick, paraphrased Albert . . .
Sex, drugs, and trial design: sex influences the heart and drug responses
Authors: Elizabeth Murphy, Charles Steenbergen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Preclinical studies indicate that the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil is protective against hypertrophy-induced cardiac remodeling. Despite an initial clinical study demonstrating sildenafil-dependent amelioration of pathological remodeling, the cardioprotective effect of this drug was not significant in a large placebo-controlled clinical trail. In this issue, Sasaki and colleagues reveal that the efficacy of PDE5 inhibition in female mice requires estrogen. Induction of cardiac stress in male and intact female mice resulted in increased activation of protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, which was further enhanced by sildenafil. PKG activity was not enhanced in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice as a result of cardiac stress, but administration of estrogen restored PKG activation and enhancement by sildenafil. These data highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences and drug responses in clinical trial design.
Cells expressing Ia antigens in the avian thymus.
Authors: F P Guillemot, P D Oliver, B M Peault, N M Le Douarin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The various cell types expressing Ia antigens in the chick and quail thymus have been studied by means of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) prepared by using chick and quail thymic adherent cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) as immunogens. Three reagents were selected by the following criteria: (a) they react with a surface determinant carried by thymic adherent cells and bursal lymphocytes, (b) they can be used to immunoprecipitate from spleen cell membrane extracts molecular entities of an apparent molecular weight close to 55,000, which can be fractionated into monomers at approximately 30,000 mol wt in dissociating conditions. Among these three reagents, two are strictly species specific, i.e., they recognize either chick (TaPl) or quail (TaCl) Ia determinants, whereas the third, TaC2, recognizes both chick and quail Ia molecules. Chimeric thymuses in which the epithelioconnective stroma is derived from the quail thymic primordium and the whole hemopoietic cell population (lymphocytes and accessory cells) are of chick origin were constructed as previously described by our group (20). The different mAb were applied on normal (quail and chick) and chimeric thymuses. It appears that the thymus is divided into two compartments in terms of the nature of cells expressing Ia: the cortex, in which class II antigens are exclusively expressed by endodermal epithelial cells, and the medulla, where the majority of nonlymphoid cells are Ia-positive cells of hemopoietic origin. A few epithelial cells only are present in the thymic medulla. They are closely intricated with the sessile Ia-positive cells, whose precursors penetrate the thymus along with the lymphocyte progenitors and which are renewed in the course of thymic development. In contrast, the epithelial reticulum, expressing Ia both in the cortex and medulla, contributes a stable thymic component. During early thymic ontogeny, the hemopoietic cells expressed detectable levels of Ia antigen before the epithelial cell network.
Left ventricular diastolic chamber stiffness and intramyocardial coronary capacitance in isolated dog hearts.
Authors: J Watanabe, M J Levine, F Bellotto, R G Johnson, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Because the myocardium is perfused primarily during diastole, changes in diastolic properties of the left ventricle (LV) should influence the intramyocardial circulation.We examined the influence of LV diastolic properties on the magnitude and localization of intramyocardial coronary capacitance by analyzing the coronary pressure-venous flow relation in isolated, isovolumic dog heart preparations. After sudden occlusion of the left coronary artery during a long diastole, we measured precapacitance and postcapacitance resistances (RPRE and RPOST) and calculated intramyocardial coronary capacitance (CIM) from RPOST and the time constant of the coronary venous flow decay. Using this method, we characterized the effects of coronary vasodilation, LV diastolic volume, and LV diastolic chamber stiffness on the coronary circulation. The magnitude of CIM increased from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to 0.24 +/- 0.20 mL.mm Hg-1 x 100 g-1 (P < .01) after adenosine-induced vasodilation, whereas both RPOST and RPRE decreased significantly. The ratio of RPOST to RPRE+RPOST decreased from 0.35 +/- 0.02 to 0.23 +/- 0.02 (P < .01), suggesting redistribution of CIM to the distal portion of the coronary vascular tree. An increase in LV volume and wall stress was imposed to increase LV diastolic pressure from 2 +/- 0.1 to 25 +/- 1 mm Hg: this increased RPOST significantly but not RPRE and decreased the magnitude of CIM. The resistance ratio did not change significantly. Increased LV diastolic chamber stiffness induced by hypoxic perfusion (isovolumic LV diastolic pressure increased from 11 +/- 1 to 28 +/- 1 mm Hg) raised RPOST and decreased the magnitude of CIM from 0.32 +/- 0.12 to 0.17 +/- 0.04 mL.mm Hg-1 x 100 g-1 (P < .05). The resistance ratio increased significantly from 0.21 +/- 0.05 to 0.33 +/- 0.05 with increased LV diastolic chamber stiffness. Adjustment of LV diastolic volume to lower diastolic pressure to 10 +/- 1 mm Hg did not alter these changes significantly, suggesting that an intrinsic increase in myocardial stiffness played a major role in these changes.Extravascular compression by raised LV diastolic volume and/or increased LV diastolic chamber stiffness acted mainly on coronary vessels that determine intramyocardial capacitance and postcapacitance resistance.
Gas, Dye, and Viral Transport Through Polyurethane Condoms
Authors: Stephen L. Coulter
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While latex condoms provide substantial protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), some allow the passage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),<i>1</i>and HIV-size polystyrene particles.<sup>2</sup>Viruses also sometimes leak through vinyl and latex examination gloves<sup>3</sup>and lamb-skin condoms.<sup>4,5</sup> Polyurethane (PU) film is increasingly used for experimental condoms; assessment of its viral permeability is needed. We investigated gas and liquid phase permeability through the Wisconsin Pharmacal Company's (Jackson, Wis) PU vaginal condom, the Reality Vaginal Pouch. We tested permeability (under pressure heads of 30 mm Hg) of seamed and seamless membrane sections cut from condoms and compared them with sections containing a laser-induced hole (100, 25, 20, ≤10 μm) each larger than such common sexually transmitted viruses as hepatitis B (diameter, ≈42 nm) the HIV (diameter, 105±15 nm), or herpes virus (diameter, ≈135±15 nm). We also tested the permeability under the same pressure of