tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research and prevention priorities for alcohol carcinogenesis.
Authors: K J Rothman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Research conducted during the last four decades has established that consumption of alcoholic beverages causes cancer. Etiologic research questions that remain relate to increases in risk at specific sites, the effects of various types of alcoholic beverages, the effect of various concentrations of alcohol, and the mechanism(s) of action, including possible interactions with other agents such as tobacco smoke. Prevention priorities for alcohol-related cancer depend on whether alcohol causes only the upper aerodigestive cancers or whether it also causes breast and possibly colon cancers. If alcohol causes aerodigestive cancers only, existing prevention programs to prevent alcohol abuse by heavy drinkers are sufficient. The possible small cancer risk faced by moderate drinkers may be more than offset by a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death. On the other hand, if alcohol consumption increases the occurrence of breast cancer, a prevention program aimed at women who are at high risk for breast cancer is worth considering, but the risks must be weighed against the cardiovascular benefits for moderate drinkers.
Hematopoietic thymocyte precursors: IV. Enrichment of the precursors and evidence for heterogeneity.
Authors: R S Basch, J L Kadish, G Goldstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A method has been developed for the enrichment of the hematopoietic precursors of thymocytes from spleen and bone marrow cells. Up to 40-fold enrichments were obtained resulting in preparations in which as few as 10(5) cells produced prompt repopulation of the thymus of an irradiated mouse. Precursor cells from bone marrow appear to contain the enzyme terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (Tdt), an agent suggested as a potential somatic mutator. This enzyme (Tdt) was not detectable in any spleen cell preparation examined, including one in which a 40-fold enrichment of thymocyte precursors had been produced. This is the first difference reported between the splenic and bone marrow precursors of thymocytes.
Vasodilators in congestive heart failure.
Authors: R M Sade, B W Usher
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Certainly, it can be argued that we were better at using our current technique than the new ASE method; however, we believe that the material used for our comparison study was superior to the materials used by the ASE study.Two of us were participants in the ASE survey and we had difficulty measuring the LV accurately on photocopies of echocardiograms run at 10-50 mm/sec paper speed.Our study used the original echo recordings run at 100 mm/sec.In fact, we encountered a problem in applying the new ASE criteria.In many subjects the septal echo flattens out the latter part of systole, which makes the timing of peak motion difficult to determine.As to the question of the superiority of one technique or another, we can only recapitulate the conclusions of our study.First, our reproducibility evaluation showed no difference between the new ASE method and our current one.Second, there was not much difference in the LV dimensions as measured by both techniques.Third, derived LV volumes were overestimated by the new ASE method.Fourth, both echo methods overestimated ejection fraction, but the new ASE technique was closer to the angiographic values than our current method.Therefore, superiority is relative to what measure or derived index is being considered.That is why we never claimed our method was superior; we merely stated that the new ASE criteria were not superior to other reported measurement techniques.The principal issue here is whether the measurement results of 76 unselected persons using any method they desired should be used to derive recommendations for measuring the echo LV dimensions without establishing normal values, reproducibility for the new criteria or their correlation to a recognized "gold stan- dard"?We think not.New criteria should be tested first so that the proponents do not find themselves in the position of having to sup- port something largely on theoretic grounds.
Zinc: Human Nutrition and Metabolic Effects
Authors: ANANDA S. PRASAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A nutritional deficiency of zinc in man which occurs in the Middle East produces severe growth retardation, hypogonadism, roughened skin, general lethargy, and an oral glucose tolerance test suggestive of delayed absorption. Metabolically induced zinc deficiency has been noted in patients with repeated infections, cirrhosis of the liver, and malabsorption. Stunted growth and lack of sexual development are main manifestations in puberty, but poor wound healing may be the primary feature in older persons. Experimentally, zinc-deficient rats show susceptibility to infections and lymphocytopenia. Therefore, the testicular atrophy, susceptibility to infections, and lymphocytopenia that are commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis may be attributable to zinc deficiency. Fetal abnormalities in offspring of zinc-deficient rats and chicks are not yet known to occur in man. Impaired behavior and decreased learning ability that occur in zinc-deficient rats are manifestations needing evaluation in zinc-deficient human subjects. Experimental observations in animals indicate that cell zinc controls physiological processes by regulating the activities of zinc-dependent enzymes. The precise role of zinc in enzymatic functions; formation or degradation of RNA, DNA, and proteins; and in cell division remains to be elucidated.
Renal Glycosuria, Aminoaciduria, and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis in Association with Membranous Glomerulonephritis.
Authors: Neal J. Weinreb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Renal Glycosuria, Aminoaciduria, and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis in Association with Membranous Glomerulonephritis.Neal J. Weinreb, M.D., Rosamond Janis, M.D., K. P. Eshwar, M.D., Edward Weinstein, M.D., Richard Hays, M.D.Neal J. Weinreb, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rosamond Janis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. P. Eshwar, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edward Weinstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard Hays, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-805_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe Fanconi syndrome in adults is generally associated with multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, hyperglobulinemia, and nephrotoxic metals and drugs. This report described a generalized defect in proximal tubular function in a nephrotic patient with membranous glomerulonephritis. A 65-year-old man was admitted with an 8-year history of mild proteinuria and a 3-month history of edema progressing to anasarca. He had heavy proteinuria (8 to 9 g/day), hypoalbuminemia (1.2 g/100 ml), and renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance, 16 ml/min). In addition, he was found to have renal glycosuria (urine glucose, 6 g/liter with serum glucose 95 and 100 mg/100 ml) and aminoaciduria, with significantly... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNephrotic syndrome complicated by tubular dysfunction. Case report and review of possible mechanisms. 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 805-805KeywordsAmyloidosisCreatinineDrugsEdemaGlomerulonephritisGlucoseHyperglobulinemiaMultiple myelomaProteinuriaUrine Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Determinants of salivary response to mechanical stimulation
Authors: A. L. Blum, G. M. Makhlouf
Journal: Gut (1971)

In a study of 32 individuals aged 4 to 38 years forced spitting was shown to be an optimal mechanical stimulus of salivary secretion suitable for use in functional studies. The flow rates obtained by this means were related to body weight and probably reflected the growth in size of the salivary glands.
50 24-NOR-URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID AS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR INFLAMMATION-INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN A MURINE MODEL OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTION
Authors: M. Sombetzki, P. Fickert, M. Loebermann, M. Holtfreter, A. Fuchsbichler, J. Gumhold, D. Silbert, C. Langner, E.C. Reisinger, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The factors associated with longitudinal changes in liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: In Ku Yo, Oh Sang Kwon, Jin Woong Park, Jong Joon Lee, Jung Hyun Lee, In Sik Won, Sun Young Na, Pil Kyu Jang, Pyung Hwa Park, Duck Joo Choi, Yun Soo Kim, Ju Hyun Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Liver stiffness (LS) as assessed by transient elastography (TE) can change longitudinally in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to identify the factors that improve LS.Between April 2007 and December 2012, 151 patients with CHB who underwent two TE procedures with an interval of about 2 years were enrolled. Ninety-six of the 151 patients were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues [the antiviral therapy (+) group], while the remaining 55 patients were not [the antiviral therapy (-) group]. The two groups of patients were stratified according to whether they exhibited an improvement or a deterioration in LS during the study period (defined as an LS change of ≤0 or >0 kPa, respectively, over a 1-year period), and their data were compared.No differences were observed between the antiviral therapy (+) and (-) groups with respect to either their clinical characteristics or their initial LS. The observed LS improvement was significantly greater in the antiviral therapy (+) group than in the antiviral therapy (-) group (-3.0 vs. 0.98 kPa, P=0.011). In the antiviral therapy (+) group, the initial LS was higher in the LS improvement group (n=63) than in the LS deterioration group (n=33; 7.9 vs. 4.8 kPa, P<0.001). However, there were no differences in any other clinical characteristic. In the antiviral therapy (-) group, the initial LS was also higher in the LS improvement group (n=29) than in the LS deterioration group (n=26; 8.3 vs. 6.5 kPa, P=0.021), with no differences in any other clinical characteristic.A higher initial LS was the only factor associated with LS improvement in patients with CHB in this study.
Patients and nurses are confused by doctors’ titles, survey finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers have called for a review of the titles used to describe doctors, after a survey found that nurses and patients struggled to identify qualified doctors and to grade their seniority from their name badges.

For the survey, published in BMJ Quality & Safety ,1 researchers gave 114 patients and 67 nurses 11 name badges reflecting current training grade job titles used by doctors and one medical student, to see whether they knew what these â€¦
Patterns of regional sympathetic nerve traffic in preascitic and ascitic cirrhosis
Authors: Massimo Pozzi, Guido Grassi, Elena Redaelli, Raffaella Dell'Oro, Laura Ratti, Alessandro Redaelli, Gerardo Foglia, Alessandro Di Lelio, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and portal hypertension are key factors in the development of ascites in cirrhosis. The sympathoexcitation that characterizes the more advanced stages of liver diseases is less clearly defined in preascitic cirrhosis. We measured sympathetic nerve traffic to skeletal muscle (peroneal nerve) and to skin districts by microneurography in (1) 12 Child class A cirrhotic patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (portal pressure gradient > 10 mm Hg, 14.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, mean +/- SEM) but without actual or previous ascites, (2) 16 Child class C cirrhotic patients with tense ascites, and (3) 10 patients with mild congestive heart failure, a condition paradigmatic of a marked sympathetic activation. Muscle sympathetic nerve traffic was markedly increased in Child class C subjects as compared with controls (23.9 +/- 1.6 bursts/min, P <.01) and superimposable to that recorded in heart failure patients (52.9 +/- 4.7 vs. 60.3 +/- 2 bursts/min, P = not significant). Muscle sympathetic nerve traffic was also increased in Child class A subjects (41.6 +/- 2 bursts/min, P <.01 vs. controls) although to a lesser extent (P <.05 vs. Child class C patients). Skin sympathetic nerve traffic was within the normal range in all patients. Neurohormones were all markedly increased in Child class C subjects. Only norepinephrine was increased in Child class A patients. Our data show that sympathetic nerve traffic activation (1) is already detectable in Child class A cirrhosis when clinically significant portal hypertension is present but ascites never developed and (2) is not generalized because although muscle traffic is increased, skin traffic is within normal range. The role of drugs modulating sympathoactivation should be investigated in preascitic cirrhosis.
Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Fabry Disease
Authors: Manesh R. Patel, Franco Cecchi, Marta Cizmarik, Ilkka Kantola, Ales Linhart, Kathy Nicholls, Jörg Strotmann, Jose Tallaj, Thi Chien Tran, Michael L. West, Dana Beitner-Johnson, Ademola Abiose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sarcoidosis and Hepatic Granulomatosis
Authors: Harvey B. Simon, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 April 1974Sarcoidosis and Hepatic GranulomatosisHARVEY B. SIMON, M.D., SHELDON M. WOLFF, M.D.HARVEY B. SIMON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SHELDON M. WOLFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-4-560_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their report of "Hepatic Granulomatosis and Sarcoidosis" (1), Drs. Israel and Goldstein provide a useful reminder that sarcoidosis can involve the liver, or indeed other organs, without presenting intrathoracic abnormalities. They also clearly recognize that many diverse processes can produce hepatic granulomata and that in many patients the diagnosis remains obscure. Of their 30 cases, only 9had features allowing a clear diagnosis of sarcoid, whereas 6 had "probable" sarcoidosis; in two patients Hodgkin's disease appeared to account for the granulomata, and in the remaining 13 patients the diagnosis was "undetermined," despite careful study. We have recently...References References1. ISRAELGOLDSTEIN HR: Hepatic granulomatosis and sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med 79:669-678, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SIMONWOLFF HS: Granulomatous hepatitis and prolonged fever of unknown origin. A study of 13 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 52:1-21, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. LORDONYOUNGSHAPIRO RRS: Sarcoidosis. II. A clinical evaluation of the alteration in delayed hypersensitivity. Am Rev Resp Dis 97:1009-1016, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ABERGJOHANSSONWERNER HHI: Sarcoidosis, hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Scand J Resp Dis 53:259-264, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1974Volume 80, Issue 4Page: 560-561KeywordsHodgkin lymphomaLiverSarcoidosis Issue Published: 1 April 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
AI-16 * HIF-1a INHIBITION BY RNA INTERFERENCE DELIVERED VIA A NOVEL MULTIFUNCTIONAL SURFACTANT ATTENUATES GLIOMA GROWTH IN AN INTRACRANIAL MOUSE MODEL
Authors: R. Jensen, D. Gillepsie
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma is the most common and deadliest form of adult brain cancer with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive therapeutic measures. Intratumoral hypoxia is thought to be a main contributor to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of these tumors. Since Hif-1α the major mediator of hypoxia-regulated cellular control, inhibition of this transcription factor could reduce glioblastoma growth. Delivery of siRNA to the brain can be problematic and novel delivery systems are key to the successful use of this type of therapeutic measure. METHODS: Using an orthotopic mouse model with U87-LucNeo cells, we utilized RNA interference to knock down HIF-1α in vivo. The siRNA was packaged using a novel multifunctional surfactant, EHCO, a nucleic acid carrier that facilitates cellular uptake and intracellular release of siRNA. Stereotactic injection was used to deliver siRNA locally through a guide set screw system and delivery/uptake was verified by imaging of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Osmotic pumps were used for extended siRNA delivery to model the commonly used human intracranial drug delivery technique convection-enhanced delivery (CED). RESULTS: Mice receiving daily siRNA injections targeting HIF-1α had a 79% lower tumor volume after 50 days of treatment when compared with controls. The HIF-1 transcriptional targets VEGF, GLUT-1, c-MET, and CA-IX were correspondingly inhibited after HIF-1 siRNA inhibition. Markers for cell growth (MIB-1) and vascularity (MVD) were also significantly lowered after this treatment. Altering the carrier EHCO by adding polyethylene glycol significantly increased the efficacy of drug delivery and subsequent survival of the treated mice. CONCLUSIONS: Treating glioblastoma with siRNA targeting HIF-1α in vivo can significantly reduce tumor growth and increase survival in an intracranial mouse model. Our novel siRNA carrier improves delivery of this treatment molecule. With further study this might be extended for use in human patients with malignant gliomas.
Hyperventilation-induced simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: An echocardiographic and arteriographic study
Authors: Hiromi Fujii, Hirofumi Yasue, Ken Okumura, Koshi Matsuyama, Yasuhiro Morikami, Hiroo Miyagi, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Pulsing Electromagnetic Field Treatment-Reply
Authors: C. Andrew L. Bassett
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Irvine is quite correct in pointing out that a significant number of fractures with delayed union may heal spontaneously. It was precisely for this reason that we subdivided our patient analysis into three categories; namely, less than nine months, nine to 24 months, and more than 24 months after fracture. The latter subgroup consisted of 332 patients with an average disability time of 4.7 years (range, two to 22 years). Such persons cannot be classed, reasonably, as having delayed union, particularly since an average of 3.4 operations per patient had failed to secure union before pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment. These operations included most surgical procedures commonly used to treat nonunions. Furthermore, more than a third of these disabled individuals had been or were actively infected. In 29%, at least one recommendation for amputation had been made by an orthopedic surgeon. When 75% of such fractures are
Long-term <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Supplementation Improves Small-Vessel Coronary Endothelial Function in Humans
Authors: Amir Lerman, John C. Burnett, Stuart T. Higano, Linda J. McKinley, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Coronary endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance between endothelium-derived vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors and coronary vasoconstriction in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Thus, the present double-blind, randomized study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term, 6-month supplementation of L-arginine, the precursor of the endothelium-derived vasodilator NO, reverses coronary endothelial dysfunction to acetylcholine in humans with nonobstructive coronary artery disease.Twenty-six patients without significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were blindly randomized to either oral L-arginine or placebo, 3 g TID. Endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow reserve to acetylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) was assessed at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. There was no difference between the two study groups in clinical characteristics or in the coronary blood flow in the response to acetylcholine at baseline. After 6 months, the coronary blood flow in response to acetylcholine in the subjects who were taking L-arginine increased compared with the placebo group (149 +/- 20% versus 6 +/- 9%, P < 0.05). This was associated with a decrease in plasma endothelin concentrations and an improvement in patients' symptoms scores in the L-arginine treatment group compared with the placebo group.Long-term oral L-arginine supplementation for 6 months in humans improves coronary small-vessel endothelial function in association with a significant improvement in symptoms and a decrease in plasma endothelin concentrations. This study proposes a role for L-arginine as a therapeutic option for patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
Brain Insulin Controls Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Lipogenesis
Authors: Thomas Scherer, James O'Hare, Kelly Diggs-Andrews, Martina Schweiger, Bob Cheng, Claudia Lindtner, Elizabeth Zielinski, Prashant Vempati, Kai Su, Shveta Dighe, Thomas Milsom, Michelle Puchowicz, Ludger Scheja, Rudolf Zechner, Simon J. Fisher, Stephen F. Previs, Christoph Buettner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Far EastEnders: how a Cambodian soap brings hope
Authors: Naomi Marks
Journal: BMJ (2004)

When a student nurse is seen on television enjoying a night of drunken, condom-less passion, it will, AIDS educators hope, prove compelling, edge-of-the-seat stuff for millions of Cambodian peasants. “Will the student contract HIV?” “How will his friends and colleagues treat him if he has?” “Where will his future then lie?”

Twenty five years after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia's largely rural population is being introduced to a style of TV drama that is more familiar in the decadent West. Soap opera is hitting the Cambodian countryside.

But this is a soap with a difference—one that will provide as many answers as it does questions. For the hospital drama series, Rous Cheat Chivit ( Taste of Life ), is a new and, it is intended, entertaining way to educate the Cambodian people in the facts of HIV and AIDS.

“By the time our student nurse has his HIV test it'll be a third of the way through the series,” said Matthew Robinson, the former EastEnders producer …