tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gap junctional remodeling by hypoxia in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: N ZEEVILEVIN, Y BARAC, Y REISNER, I REITER, G YANIV, G MEIRY, Z ABASSI, S KOSTIN, J SCHAPER, M ROSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objectives: Altered gap junctional coupling of ventricular myocytes plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis in ischemic heart disease. Since hypoxia is a major component of ischemia, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia causes gap junctional remodeling accompanied by conduction disturbances.
Bone marrow fibroblasts parallel multiple myeloma progression in patients and mice: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: M A Frassanito, L Rao, M Moschetta, R Ria, L Di Marzo, A De Luisi, V Racanelli, I Catacchio, S Berardi, A Basile, E Menu, S Ruggieri, B Nico, D Ribatti, R Fumarulo, F Dammacco, K Vanderkerken, A Vacca
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Detection of Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valvular Regurgitation by Means of Indicator Solutions
Authors: N. PERRYMAN COLLINS, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The presence of pulmonic and tricuspid valvular regurgitation may often be suspected from careful clinical examination. However, the validity of the generally accepted clinical criteria remain to be established by technics that permit the direct demonstration of reverse flow across these valves during life. This has been made possible by the detection of cardiogreen and of radioactive krypton (Kr 85 ) in the right atrium or right ventricle after injection of these substances into a distal chamber.
Movements, Lumbar and Temporomandibular Pain and Psychopathology
Authors: M.&Oslash;. Sundsvold, P. Vaglum, B. &Oslash;stberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

157 males and females divided into four psychodiagnostic groups have been examined according to a specially defined physiotherapeutic (ad modum Sundsvold). In this paper, results from the evaluation of passive and active movements in five body significant differences concerning inhibited movements between the four groups were found, the psychotic group being most inhibited followed by the ego-week neurotic group, the substance-abusing group and the healthy control group. With regard to the slack movements, significant differences were found in the two extremity regions. The substance-abusing group had the most slack movements, next came the ego-weak neurotic group, the psychotic group and lastly the control group. Men were more inhibited than women in three regions, mostly in the lumbosacral region. This finding is discussed in relationship to the high frequency of lumbar disc herniation in men. Women were more significantly inhibited in the temporomandibular region, a finding which may explain why mostly women are suffering from the myofacial pain syndrome.
Functional Pathology of the Cervical Spine: Radiographic Studies of Function and Dysfunction in Congenital Disorders, Cervical Spondylosis and Injuries
Authors: Bernard S. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The subtitle of this book, "Radiographic Studies of Function and Dysfunction in Congenital Disorders, Cervical Spondylosis and Injuries," is a more apt description of the contents than the main title. The author is currently the neuroradiologist at the University Hospital, State University, Groningen, the Netherlands. While the main purpose of the book is to describe "radiographic anatomy, mechanisms of movement, topography and biomechanics of the nervous system within an abnormal neural tube," the major emphasis is on the correlation of radiological and clinical findings for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The cervical spine is a particularly difficult area in which to achieve this because of its extraordinary normal mobility. The book consists of six chapters. The first three describe basic observations and the last three clinical applications. The author has succeeded in a modest volume in communicating a large amount of information. A clear distinction is drawn between the "vertebral segments"
Early treatment of myocardial infarction in the community.
Authors: F G Dunn, S Elms, D I Melville, T D Lawrie, T S Murray
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The prehospital management of acute myocardial infarction by general practitioners and emergency-treatment service physicians was analysed in 53 patients. The correct clinical diagnosis was made or suggested before admission in 47 patients. Only 25 patients received analgesics from the general practitioner, and 32 were still in pain and needed diamorphine on admission to hospital. Only one patient received antiarrythmic treatment. The findings suggest that, despite accurate clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, deficiencies exist in the prehospital phase of management and that education programmes are worth consideration.
Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine in experimental acute endotoxemia: a preliminary controlled study
Authors: Arnaldo Dubin, Gastón Murias, Juan Pablo Sottile, Mario Omar Pozo, Marcelo Barán, Vanina Siham Kanoore Edul, Héctor Saúl Canales, Graciela Etcheverry, Bernardo Maskin, Elisa Estenssoro
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Interleukin-6: An autocrine regulator of mesangial cell growth
Authors: David L. Coleman, Christian Ruef
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

The spectrum of tissue distribution and function of immuno-regulatory glycoproteins has been dramatically increased in the past ten years. Interleukin-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which were originally described as products of classic immune cells acting on restricted subsets of target cells, are now recognized as products of a variety of transformed and nontransformed cell types with pleiotropic effects on several circulating and tissue cells. The expanded paradigm of cytokine production and function has occurred as a consequence of a methodical and occasionally fortuitous experimental approach using cell culture models in vitro to provide a basis for in vivo studies. Observations in transgenic mouse models have also provided insights for in vitro and in vivo studies. The first published clue that interleukin-6 (IL-6) might have proliferative effects on glomerular cells was observed in transgenic mice carrying the IL-6 gene fused to a human immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer [1]. The transgenic mice developed high circulating levels of IL-6, polyclonal IgG 1  plasmacytosis, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis [1].
The level of filling-in and when it is cognitive
Authors: Richard L. Gregory
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This informative and conceptually stimulating target article is very useful. I merely query whether the term “illusory contours” is appropriate for gap filling; “illusory surfaces” seems better – and “fictional surfaces” better still. These seem to be rule based rather than knowledge based, suggesting indeed the importance of distinguishing rules (analogous to syntax in language) from knowledge (equivalent to semantics) for classifying perceptual phenomena.
Pituitary-adrenal function following dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for pemphigus
Authors: L. Kumrah, M. Ramam, P. Shah, R.M. Pandey, J.S. Pasricha
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Systemic corticosteroid therapy is known to lead to pituitary–adrenal (PA) suppression. Although patients treated for pemphigus with dexamethasone–cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy have shown no evidence of PA suppression, no study has been conducted to study this possible side-effect of DCP therapy. Objectives To study the effect of DCP therapy for pemphigus on PA function. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 33 patients who completed phase II of DCP therapy in a single centre, a large teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Serum cortisol levels following adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation were analysed in 31 patients. Results Seventeen (55%) patients showed suppressed PA function. Suppressed function occurred more frequently in patients who had received pulses of dexamethasone in addition to DCP therapy in the first phase of treatment (P = 0·055). Conclusions Suppressed PA function occurs in about half of patients who receive DCP therapy for pemphigus. These patients probably do not require routine replacement therapy with corticosteroids but may need supplementation during periods of stress.
Use of the Hypospray Jet Injector for the Intra-Articular and Local Administration of Hydrocortisone Acetate
Authors: Morris Ziff, Vincent Contreras, Frank R. Schmid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1956)

The local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with hydrocortisone acetate was first described by Hollander (Hollander, Brown, Jessar, and Brown, 1951).Improvement was paralleled by reduction of inflammation and by the return of the properties of the synovial fluid towards normal (Ziff, Scull, Ford, McEwen, and Bunim, 1952).It is the purpose of this paper to present the experience of the authors using a hypospray jet injector for the intra-articular and local injection of hydrocortisone acetate, since this instrument offers certain advantages which will be described. Material and MethodsThe hypospray jet injectors (Figge and Barnett, 1948;
Working women don't have increased heart disease
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

As increasing numbers of women take up full-time jobs outside the home, there has been concern that they will lose their natural immunity to heart disease. These apprehensions are proving to be unfounded, says Suzanne G. Haynes, PhD, an epidemiologist in the Epidemiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. In an eight-year prospective study of 1,656 persons that formed part of the Framingham investigation, Haynes and colleagues Manning Feinleib, MD, and William B. Kannel, MD, compared findings on 465 working women, 466 housewives, and 725 men. Women employed outside the home for over half their adult lives were classified as working women; the remainder were considered housewives. The study started in 1965, and in the two following years the subjects, whose ages ranged from 45 to 74 years, answered a 300-item psychosocial questionnaire from which 20 scales were derived. Various measures of behavior, situational pressure, sociocultural mobility,
Relationship Between Quality of Care and Racial Disparities in Medicare Health Plans
Authors: Amal N. Trivedi, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Eric C. Schneider, John Z. Ayanian
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Overall quality of care and racial disparities in quality are important and related problems in health care, but their relationship has not been well studied. In the Medicare managed care program, broad improvements in quality have been accompanied by reduced racial gaps in processes of care, but substantial disparities in outcomes have persisted. To assess variations among Medicare health plans in overall quality and racial disparity in 4 Health Plan Employer and Data Information Set (HEDIS) outcome measures, to determine whether high-performing plans exhibit smaller racial disparities, and to identify plans with high quality and low disparity. We assessed the relationship between quality and racial disparity using multilevel multivariable regression models. The study sample included 431,573 individual-level observations in 151 Medicare health plans from 2002 to 2004. Hemoglobin A(1c) of less than 9.5% or less than 9.0% for enrollees with diabetes; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of less than 130 mg/dL for enrollees with diabetes or after a coronary event; and blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg for enrollees with hypertension. Clinical performance on HEDIS outcome measures was 6.8% to 14.4% lower for black enrollees than for white enrollees (P<.001 for all). For each measure, more than 70% of this disparity was due to different outcomes for black and white individuals enrolled in the same health plan rather than selection of black enrollees into lower-performing plans. Health plans varied substantially in both overall quality and racial disparity on each of the 4 outcome measures. Adjusted correlations between overall quality and racial disparity were small and not statistically significant, ranging from 0.01 (blood pressure control) to -0.21 (cholesterol control in diabetes). Only 1 health plan achieved both high quality and low disparity on more than 1 measure. In Medicare health plans, disparities vary widely and are only weakly correlated with the overall quality of care. Therefore, plan-specific performance reports of racial disparities on outcome measures would provide useful information not currently conveyed by standard HEDIS reports.
Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

From 1932 until 1973, more than 400 black men with syphilis were followed up without treatment in the "Tuskegee Syphilis Study" of the Public Health Service. After this study was publicized in 1972, James H. Jones, a historian, began the study of its origins and evolution, which comprises<i>Bad Blood</i>. Jones begins in the 19th century with evidence, drawn from their writings, of the racial prejudice that white physicians shared with society at large. In particular, white physicians maintained that promiscuity led to allegedly more prevalent and more severe syphilis in blacks. As transmissible agents of disease came to be understood, physicians began instead to regard syphilis as a disease to which all infected were equally susceptible (although many physicians continued to hold that the disease was manifest differently in whites and blacks). In the early 1930s, a philanthropic organization, the Rosenwald Fund, cooperated with the PHS in several ventures
Innovations conference hears how less treatment is leading to better care
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More treatment does not automatically equal better care, particularly at the end of life, according to initial results from a pilot programme in Sacramento California. 

Data from the first 10 months of the pilot show that giving patients more options, such as home healthcare, palliative care, and hospice care, cut hospitalisations by almost 70% among this “sickest of the sick population” resulting in savings of “about $2000 (£1293; $1522) per person per month,” said the lead researcher.

The study was presented at a conference on innovations in improving the quality and efficiency of delivering healthcare sponsored by the journal Health Affairs on 16 December in Washington, DC.

Brad Stuart, a doctor with the integrated care system Sutter Medical, which ran the pilot, said that most people prefer not to spend their last days in hospital, and earlier discussion of the options available to them leaves them better prepared to …
Genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase-1 are associated with chronic kidney disease in Japanese women
Authors: Kazunobu Ichikawa, Tsuneo Konta, Mitsuru Emi, Sayumi Toriyama, Satoshi Takasaki, Ami Ikeda, Yoko Shibata, Noriaki Takabatake, Yasuchika Takeishi, Takeo Kato, Sumio Kawata, Isao Kubota
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
WHO plans to halve child asthma deaths
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A 5-year plan to cut childhood deaths from asthma by half has been announced by WHO in association with other international respiratory organizations. The initiative aims to cut the estimated 25,000 avoidable asthma related deaths that occur in children each year. Other targets include cutting the number of childhood hospitalizations due to asthma by at least a quarter and the number of school days lost by half. Moreover, the project is focusing on children because of the strong evidence that the incidence of asthma is increasing rapidly in this age group throughout the world. The immediate strategies proposed to meet the targets set by the initiatives include encouraging health service providers to make provision for sufficient numbers of well educated health professionals to allow access to specialist care. Furthermore, particular emphasis is also being placed on preventive treatment.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Harboring Kinase Domain Mutations Associate with the Heat Shock Protein 90 Chaperone and Are Destabilized following Exposure to Geldanamycins
Authors: Takeshi Shimamura, April M. Lowell, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Geoffrey I. Shapiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including L858R and exon 19 deletions, underlie responsiveness to gefitinib and erlotinib in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Acquired resistance to these tyrosine kinase inhibitors is in some cases mediated by a second mutation, T790M. Ansamycin antibiotics, such as geldanamycin, potently inhibit heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of oncogenic kinases that require the chaperone for proper conformational folding. Here, we show that L858R and deletion mutant EGFR proteins found in NSCLC interact with the chaperone and are sensitive to degradation following Hsp90 inhibition. In NIH/3T3 cells expressing either wild-type or mutant EGFR, diminution of expression of both L858R and EGFR delL747-S752, P753S occurred following exposure to 50 nmol/L geldanamycin over 24 hours, whereas partial diminution of wild-type EGFR required a minimum of 200 nmol/L drug. In time course experiments, mutant EGFR expression was depleted after only 4 hours of exposure to 1 μmol/L geldanamycin, whereas diminution of wild-type EGFR was less substantial and seen only following 12 hours. Similarly, EGFR proteins in NSCLC cell lines harboring EGFR mutations, including NCI-H1650, NCI-H3255, and NCI-H1975, were also more sensitive to geldanamycin-induced degradation compared with the protein in wild-type cells. Exposure of EGFR-mutant cell lines to geldanamycin induced marked depletion of phospho-Akt and cyclin D1 as well as apoptosis. These data suggest mutational activation of EGFR is associated with dependence on Hsp90 for stability and that Hsp90 inhibition may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Liver-lung interactions during E. coli endotoxemia. TNF-alpha:leukotriene axis.
Authors: G M Matuschak, M E Mattingly, T L Tredway, A J Lechner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The liver modulates host responses to endotoxemia by production and clearance of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and eicosanoid lipoxygenation products. Reductions in liver blood flow (QL) are common during endotoxemia, but it is unknown whether the kinetics of TNF-alpha and leukotrienes (LTs) are thereby altered to amplify lung inflammation. To test this hypothesis, reductions in QL were modeled by an end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Conscious animals received 2.5 mg/kg of intravenous E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serotype 055:B5 (PCS + LPS; n = 17) or saline (n = 5). Responses were compared with those in sham-operated rats (sham + LPS; n = 13) and NSS-challenged control rats (n = 5). Cardiopulmonary changes, serum TNF-alpha, and formed elements were determined at t = 0, 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h, when organ wet/dry ratios (W/D) were measured with TNF-alpha, LTB4, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In PCS + LPS rats, mortality was 59% and serum TNF-alpha peaked at 1.5 h (2,784 +/- 658 U/ml, mean +/- SEM) coincident with the onset of hypotension. Despite equivalent endotoxemia and liver- and lung-associated TNF-alpha in sham + LPS rats at 1.5 h, peak serum TNF-alpha was 38% less and mortality was 15% (p < 0.05). Cardiac, hepatic, and cecal W/D were likewise increased in PCS + LPS versus sham + LPS rats, as were BALF PMNs (p < 0.05). In parallel studies, the disappearance kinetics of infused rTNF-alpha were not altered in nonendotoxemic PCS animals, implicating enhanced lung uptake of LPS and systemic export of TNF-alpha in PCS + LPS rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aspirin in prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease.
Authors: J McCormick
Journal: BMJ (1973)

treatment is indicated when retrograde ven- ous pressure is not very marked.With both types of therapy the patient should be am- bulatory since this is the best way to prevent complications.If each patient is indivi- dualized and treated according to specific in- dications, excellent results will be obtained both from injection therapy and from sur- gery.-Weare, etc.,
NHS will face a funding crisis next year because of flat funds and rising costs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS will face a funding crisis by November 2011 unless it acts swiftly, a leading health policy expert has warned.

Nick Bosanquet of Imperial College, London, told a seminar on 27 October that “a gathering storm” of events could find trusts without funds this time next year. The flat funding settlement announced by the chancellor would combine with rising costs—such as bills for private finance initiative hospitals coming through, rising patient demand, and the costs of creating new posts as the numbers of new medical graduates rise—to provoke a crisis.

Similar events had happened before, he said, when periods of rising funding came to an abrupt end, citing 1950-51, 1966-67, 1976-77 and 1987-88. “If the NHS were a very flexible system, it would be OK,” he said. “But the NHS is not very flexible.”

Although previous funding crises had been managed by cutting capital spending, this time round he advised trust chief executives to be realistic about funding, to cut costs …
Statins reduce cardiovascular risk
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Treating patients at high risk of cardiovascular events with the HMG-CoA (hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A) reductase inhibitor simvastatin reduced the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularisation by about one third, even in patients with normal or low blood cholesterol levels, according to the latest findings from the heart protection study published this week.

The study randomised 20536 adults with coronary disease, other occlusive artery disease, or diabetes to treatment with simvastatin (40 …
PARAPLEGIA FROM TREATMENT WITH SCLEROSING AGENTS
Authors: James E. Keplinger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A 53-year-old woman suffering from lower back pain was given injections of some unknown substance into both sacroiliac regions to correct relaxation of the ligaments. This was immediately followed by severe pain and temporary paralysis of her legs and bladder. A brief period of improvement was succeeded by complete spastic paraplegia. Laminectomy disclosed severe proliferative leptomeningitis. There was no lasting improvement. Complications resulting from the injection of sclerosing agents in the lower back in other reported cases bear out the conclusion that such use is inadvisable. That the treatment is of any value is not at all evident.