tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2857: <i>SULT1A1</i> gene copy number variations and functional polymorphism in relation to breast cancer risk
Authors: Guoliang Li, Chuanzhong Ye, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wanqing Wen, Wei Lu, Wei Zheng, Qiuyin Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 enzyme plays an important role in the detoxification of environmental and dietary procarcinogens as well as the regulation of a number of steroid hormones, including estrogens. SULT1A1 gene is located in the short arm of chromosome 16, which has been shown to contain many repetitive sequences and to be highly duplicated. It has been suggested that SULT1A1 gene displays variations in copy number. In our previous study, a common functional polymorphism rs9282861 (213Arg&amp;gt;His) in SULT1A1 was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal Caucasian women. In this study, we evaluated copy number variations and functional polymorphism rs9282861 of SULT1A1 gene in relation to breast cancer risk. Included in the study were 1,989 breast cancer cases and 1,918 controls from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study II, a population-based, case-control study conducted among Chinese women. SULT1A1 gene copy number was determined by real-time PCR assays and genotyping was conducted using TaqMan assays. One to five copies of the SULT1A1 were observed in our population. Approximately 22.6% of these women were found to have more than 2-copy of the SULT1A1 gene and 1.7% of these women were found to have 1-copy of the gene. No woman was found to have null copy of SULT1A1 gene. No overall association of the SULT1A1 gene copy number variations with breast cancer risk was observed. We found that the A allele (213His) of rs9282861 was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer risk. Women carrying GA/AA genotypes had an OR of 0.81 (95%CI=0.68-0.97) compared to women carrying GG genotype. The inverse association was constraint in pre-menopausal women with OR of 0.68 (95%CI=0.53-0.87) for women carrying GA/AA genotypes compared to those carrying GG genotype. There is no interaction between SULT1A1 gene copy number variations and polymorphism 213Arg&amp;gt;His in relation to breast cancer risk. Our data suggest that functional 213Arg&amp;gt;His polymorphism of SULT1A1 gene, not SULT1A1 gene copy number change, may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2857.
Listeriosis Outbreak Prompts Action—Finally
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PASSAGE OF PROTEINS FROM THE VASCULAR SYSTEM INTO JOINTS AND CERTAIN OTHER BODY CAVITIES
Authors: Granville A. Bennett, Morris F. Shaffer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. Experiments designed to study, in the rabbit, the passage of foreign proteins from the blood stream into synovial fluid and to compare such passage with that taking place into the aqueous humor, spinal fluid, and urine are described. 2. Crystalline egg albumin and horse serum proteins regularly appeared in the knee joints within short periods of time following their intravenous injection. 3. These proteins also appeared promptly in the aqueous humor but in lower concentrations. In the spinal fluid they appeared only rarely and in minimal amounts. 4. Crystalline egg albumin was readily eliminated from the body via the urine. It was also removed rapidly from the knee joint and anterior chamber of the eye. 5. Horse serum proteins appeared only occasionally in the urine. Their concentration in the blood serum remained relatively high for several days. Their increased concentration in the joint fluids in the longer experiments indicates that the rate of entrance exceeded the rate of removal. 6. Foreign proteins of the type employed were all found in the joint fluids in higher concentrations than they were in the other body fluids examined. 7. The possible significance of this study with respect to normal joint physiology and to certain abnormal joint conditions has been commented upon.
Does early nutrition in infants born before term programme later blood pressure?
Authors: A Lucas, R Morley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To test whether nutrition early in20infants9 development programmes later blood pressure and whether the reported relation between low birth weight and later high blood pressure is due to poor nutrition or growth before full term. <b>Design</b>: Prospective randomisation of preterm infants to early diets differing greatly in nutrient content in four parallel multicentre trials, with blinded follow up 7.5-8 years later. <b>Setting</b>: Neonatal units at Cambridge, Ipswich, King9s Lynn, Norwich, and Sheffield. <b>Subjects</b>: 758 children weighing under 1850 g at birth. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Blood pressure at age of 7.5-8 years. <b>Results</b>: There were major differences in nutrient intake from randomised diets (preterm formula v standard formula and preterm formula v donor breast milk; in each case with or without mother9s milk), but follow up showed no differences in later blood pressure. Individual subjects showed large variation in protein and energy intakes and in growth performance, including degrees of growth failure seldom seen in utero, but these factors were also unrelated to later blood pressure. <b>Conclusion</b>: Extremes of nutritional intake and growth performance in preterm infants do not programme later blood pressure at 7.5-8 years of age. These findings do not support the hypothesis that high blood pressure has early nutritional origins. We suggest that the long term rise in blood pressure reported in individuals who had low birthweight (at full term) is not, as previously speculated, due to poor fetal nutrition or growth as such.
Using Protein Microarray as a Diagnostic Assay for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Zhong, Giovanna E. Hidalgo, Arnold J. Stromberg, Nada H. Khattar, James R. Jett, Edward A. Hirschowitz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of lung cancer likely precludes the identification of a single predictive marker and suggests the importance of identifying and measuring multiple markers.We describe the use of a fluorescent protein microarray to identify and measure multiple non-small cell lung cancer-associated antibodies and show how simultaneous measurements can be combined into a single diagnostic assay.T7 phage cDNA libraries of non-small cell lung cancer were first biopanned with plasma samples from normal subjects and patients with non-small cell lung cancer to enrich the component of tumor-associated proteins, and then applied to microarray slides. Two hundred twelve immunogenic phage-expressed proteins were identified from roughly 4,000 clones, using high-throughput screening with patient plasmas and assayed with 40 cancer and 41 normal plasma samples. Twenty patient and 21 normal plasma samples were randomly chosen and used for statistical determination of the predictive value of each putative marker. Statistical analysis identified antibody reactivity to seven unique phage-expressed proteins that were significantly different (p < 0.01) between patient and normal groups. The remaining 20 patient and 20 normal plasma samples were used as an independent test of the predictive ability of the selected markers.Measurements of the 5 most predictive phage proteins were combined in a logistic regression model that achieved 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity in prediction of patient samples, whereas leave-one-out statistical analysis achieved 88.9% diagnostic accuracy among all 81 samples.Our data indicate that antibody profiling is a promising approach that could achieve high diagnostic accuracy for non-small cell lung cancer.
Sickle Cell Trait and Hematuria Associated with von Willebrand Syndromes
Authors: JEROME I. BRODY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A von Willebrand syndrome was present in four patients with sickle cell trait and hematuria. The first two patients had severe anemia and active bleeding and received cryoprecipitate, with prompt cessation of hemorrhage. All of the patients had repetitive laboratory and clinical features; that is, reduced, but detectable, factor VIII-related antigen, heterogeneity of, and incongruities within, the coagulation studies performed but consistently defective platelet aggregation to ristocetin, correctable only with normal plasma. Bleeding outside the genitourinary tract never was observed. Because of the focal nature of the hemorrhage, the hematuria may not have been perceived as part of a general hemorrhagic disorder and the diagnosis not pursued. These observations suggest that when sickle cell trait and hematuria occur together, a von Willebrand syndrome should be a major diagnostic consideration that ultimately may point toward a rational, effective, easily administered, and clincially acceptable form of treatment with cryoprecipitate.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on central sleep apnea and nocturnal PCO2 in heart failure.
Authors: M T Naughton, D C Benard, R Rutherford, T D Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We have previously shown that hypocapnia triggers Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) may attenuate CSR-CSA in patients with CHF and CSR-CSA. Accordingly, we hypothesized that attenuation of CSR-CSA by NCPAP would be related to an increase in PCO2. Therefore, we examined the effect of NCPAP on the frequency of apneas and hypopneas, transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2), and minute volume of ventilation (VI) in 12 consecutive patients with CHF and CSR-CSA during stage 2 sleep. A control group of six patients, who did not receive NCPAP, was also studied. In the control group, there were no changes from baseline to 1 mo in the frequency of central apneas and hypopneas, mean PtcCO2, mean VI, or mean SaO2 during stage 2 sleep. In contrast, from baseline to 1 mo the NCPAP group experienced a decrease in the frequency of apneas and hypopneas (58.7 +/- 5.2 to 23.2 +/- 6.0/h of sleep, p < 0.001), an increase in mean PtcCO2 (34.6 +/- 1.4 to 40.8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p < 0.001), a reduction in mean VI (8.1 +/- 1.0 to 5.2 +/- 0.5 L/min, p < 0.01) and an increase in mean SaO2 (91.6 +/- 1.1 to 95.0 +/- 0.5%, p < 0.025) during stage 2 sleep while on 10.2 +/- 0.5 cm H2O nasal CPAP. We conclude that likely mechanisms through which NCPAP reduces CSR-CSA are by increasing SaO2 and raising PaCO2 during sleep toward or above the apneic threshold.
The Surprise Party
Authors: Harold I. Eist
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In understanding the experience of the mentally ill individual, we should recognize the courage they often exhibit even while engaging in superficial ordinary human interactions. Unless we appreciate this, their responses of isolation and withdrawal because of interpersonal terror will seem inexplicable. Two clinical examples help to clarify this point.  An alcoholic woman began talking about her son, who had been psychotic since childhood, and I wondered if there would ever be any end to her grief. Alcohol had destroyed her liver, but it had not washed away the grief. She mentioned with a slight smile that finally she was beginning to accept the many losses her son's illness represented.  We had him home from the hospital Sunday, and Mary, the friend I told you about who also has a schizophrenic son, brought him over. The two boys have known each other since they were kids and there they were,
What has been learned about the cardiovascular effects of matrix metalloproteinases from mouse models?
Authors: S JANSSENS, H LIJNEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes responsible for extracellular protein degradation in the cardiovascular system. Originally known to play pivotal roles in tissue morphogenesis and wound healing, they have been shown to participate in the complex remodeling processes in blood vessels and the myocardium. The biological activity of MMPs is regulated at different levels: (1) gene expression, (2) activation of precursor proenzyme forms by other MMPs or non-MMP proteins, including thrombin and plasmin, (3) complex formation with surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) components and (4) inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs, the TIMPs. Murine models with gain or loss of gene function of different MMPs and TIMPS have provided a wealth of experimental data on their critical role in pathological conditions ranging from atherosclerosis, vascular injury, and restenosis to left ventricular function and structural remodeling following chronic pressure and volume overload and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Some experience necessary
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The current generation of new medical graduates is the first in a thousand years to have emerged without the benefits of a compulsory classical education. Some of the Old Guard are visibly concerned about the risk to the public from clinicians who neither know nor care that the plural of “speculum” is “specula” not “speculae,” and that of “curriculum vitae” is “curricula vitae” not “curriculae vitas.”

   ![][1] 

You might think that no doctor would ever need to possess more than one of either. Sadly, while that is probably still true of specula, it is no longer true of curricula vitae. Most …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
A Cryptic Algal Group Unveiled: A Plastid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Oyster Parasite Perkinsus marinus
Authors: M. Matsuzaki, H. Kuroiwa, T. Kuroiwa, K. Kita, H. Nozaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Plastids are widespread in plant and algal lineages. They are also exploited by some nonphotosynthetic protists, including malarial parasites, to support their diverse modes of life. However, cryptic plastids may exist in other nonphotosynthetic protists, which could be important in studies on the diversity and evolution of plastids. The parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes mass mortality in oyster farms, is a nonphotosynthetic protist that is phylogenetically related to plastid-bearing dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. In this study, we searched for P. marinus methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway genes, responsible for de novo isoprenoid synthesis in plastids, and determined the full-length gene sequences for 6 of 7 of these genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that each P. marinus gene clusters with orthologs from plastid-bearing eukaryotes, which have MEP pathway genes with essentially the same mosaic pattern of evolutionary origin. A new analytical method called sliding-window iteration of TargetP was developed to examine the distribution of targeting preferences. This analysis revealed that the sequenced genes encode bipartite targeting peptides that are characteristic of proteins targeted to secondary plastids originating from endosymbiosis of eukaryotic algae. These results support our idea that Perkinsus is a cryptic algal group containing nonphotosynthetic secondary plastids. In fact, immunofluorescent microscopy indicated that 1 of the MEP pathway enzymes, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, was localized to small compartments near mitochondrion, which are possibly plastids. This tiny organelle seems to contain very low quantities of DNA or may even lack DNA entirely. The MEP pathway genes are a useful tool for investigating plastid evolution in both of the photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes and led us to propose the hypothesis that ancestral "chromalveolates" harbored plastids before a secondary endosymbiotic event.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Oral Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Lonafarnib Administered Twice Daily to Pediatric Patients With Advanced Central Nervous System Tumors Using a Modified Continuous Reassessment Method: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Study
Authors: Mark W. Kieran, Roger J. Packer, Arzu Onar, Susan M. Blaney, Peter Phillips, Ian F. Pollack, J. Russell Geyer, Sri Gururangan, Anu Banerjee, Stewart Goldman, Christopher D. Turner, Jean B. Belasco, Alberto Broniscer, Yali Zhu, Emily Frank, Paul Kirschmeier, Paul Statkevich, Antoine Yver, James M. Boyett, Larry E. Kun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

A dose-escalation phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib (SCH66336) was conducted in children with recurrent or progressive CNS tumors. Primary objectives were to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to describe the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and pharmacokinetics of lonafarnib. Farnesylation inhibition of HDJ-2 in peripheral blood was also measured.Lonafarnib was administered orally twice daily at dose levels of 70, 90, 115, 150, and 200 mg/m2/dose bid. A modified continual reassessment method (CRM) was used to estimate the MTD based on actual dosages of lonafarnib administered and toxicities observed during the initial 4 weeks of treatment.Fifty-three children with progressive or recurrent brain tumors were enrolled, with a median age of 12.2 years (range, 3.9 to 19.5 years). Dose-limiting pneumonitis or myelosuppression was observed in three of three patients at the 200 mg/m2/dose level. A relatively constant DLT rate at the 70, 90, and 115 mg/m2/dose levels resulted in a recommended phase II dose of 115 mg/m2/dose. Significant diarrhea did not occur with prophylactic loperamide. Both radiographic response (one anaplastic astrocytoma) and stable disease (one medulloblastoma, two high-grade and four low-grade gliomas, one ependymoma, and one sarcoma) were noted, and seven patients remained on treatment for 1 year or longer.Although the estimated MTD by the CRM model was 98.5 mg/m2/dose, because of the relatively constant observed DLT rate at the lower four dose levels, the recommended phase II dose of lonafarnib is 115 mg/m2/dose administered twice daily by mouth with concurrent loperamide.
Opening Pandora's box: the unpredictability of reassurance by a normal test result
Authors: I G McDonald, J Daly, V M Jelinek, F Panetta, J M Gutman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the rate of failure of patient reassurance after a normal test result and study the determinants of failure. <b>Design</b>: Replicated single case study with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. <b>Setting</b>: University teaching hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 40 consecutive patients referred for echocardiography either because of symptoms (10 patients) or because of a heart murmur (30). 39 were shown to have a normal heart. <b>Interventions</b>: Medical consultations and semistructured patient interviews were tape recorded. Structured interviews with consultant cardiologists were recorded in survey form. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Patient recall of the explanation and residual understanding, doubt, and anxiety about the heart after the test and post-test consultation. <b>Results</b>: All 10 patients presenting with symptoms were left with anxiety about the heart despite a normal test result and reassurance by the consultant. Of 28 patients referred because of a murmur but shown to have no heart abnormality, 20 became anxious after detection of the murmur; 11 had residual anxiety despite the normal test result. <b>Conclusions</b>: Reassurance of the "worried well"—anxious patients with symptoms or patients concerned by a health query resulting from a routine medical examination or from screening—constitutes a large part of medical practice. It seems to be widely assumed that explaining that tests have shown no abnormality is enough to reassure. The results of this study refute this and emphasise the importance of personal and social factors as obstacles to reassurance. <h3>Key messages</h3> Obstacles to reassurance relate not only to prob- lems of doctor-patient communication but also to the patient9s past experience and social circum- stances Because of the risk of residual anxiety and the epidemiological hazard of a false positive or incon- clusive test result, referral for the test should be avoided if an expert clinical opinion will suffice Clinical skills in recognising anxiety and identifying innocent murmurs should be rein- forced to minimise unnecessary referrals The consequences of possible residual doubt and anxiety must be factored into measurements of cost effectiveness of echocardiography and of other imaging technologies
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphic findings in patients with ischaemic cardyomiopathy versus those with preserved left ventricular function
Authors: M. Vavlukis, J.M. Jelena Maksimovic, D.P.G. Daniela Pop Gorceva, V.M. Venjamin Majstorov, B.T. Borjanka Taneva, T.T. Ted Trajcevski, I.P. Irena Peovska
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
How will we know if Obamacare has "worked"?
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It depends on what you think it was intended to do

As the beginning of the second annual sign-up period for the US Affordable Care Act approaches, it is reasonable to ask whether or not the act, “Obamacare,” has been a success. As with most things, where you stand depends a lot on where you sit. Republicans commonly call Obamacare an utter failure, and Democrats defend it as increasingly successful. In reality, of course, it is way more complicated than that.

Take, for example, the experience of two family friends, both rather liberal Democrats. The first is in a family with a chronically ill adult. As a result, they had been paying huge monthly premiums for adequate coverage and found, to their delight, that they could dramatically reduce their monthly premiums under the Affordable Care Act. The second friend discovered that, contrary to promises that he could keep his insurance, his health plan was cancelled. His income level precluded subsidies, and the premiums for his new plan doubled. In both cases, the difference was thousands of dollars a year, but in opposite directions. Needless to say, the first family is …