tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defusing the Two-Wheeled Menace
Authors: Lee N. Hames
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Physicians who work with children and teen-agers in their daily practice are in a good position to help to reduce the severity of what is rapidly turning into an epidemic. On page 55 of this issue ofThe Journal, Speca and Cowell discuss the trauma resulting from the use by youngsters of minibikes, bicycles, go-carts, and motorcycles. They suggest that if the incidence for the entire country is similar to that of Wilmington, Del, approximately 10,000 operators of these vehicles end up in an emergency room each summer. We hold no brief one way or another as to whether 10,000 such cases constitute an epidemic, but there should be no argument that 10,000 injuries, many resulting in permanent impairment, including paraplegia and amputations, constitute a serious problem. Hardly any area in the practice of preventive medicine provides physicians with as great an opportunity for satisfaction as an attempt to reduce
Nucleic Acid-Sensing Toll-like Receptors Are Essential for the Control of Endogenous Retrovirus Viremia and ERV-Induced Tumors
Authors: Philipp Yu, Wolger Lübben, Heike Slomka, Janine Gebler, Madlen Konert, Chengcong Cai, Luisa Neubrandt, Olivia Prazeres da Costa, Stephanie Paul, Sonja Dehnert, Karolin Döhne, Michael Thanisch, Silke Storsberg, Lisa Wiegand, Andreas Kaufmann, Marianne Nain, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Sabrina Bettio, Barbara Schnierle, Larissa Kolesnikova, Stephan Becker, Markus Schnare, Stefan Bauer
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Long-term follow-up of anti-HBe-positive chronic active hepatitis B
Authors: Giovanna Fattovich, Lucio Brollo, Alfredo Alberti, Patrizia Pontisso, Giuliano Giustina, Giuseppe Realdi
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Twenty-eight patients with chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B e antigen were followed for 1 to 15 years (mean 6.6 years) and underwent follow-up biopsy. At presentation, 12 of the 28 patients (43%) had hepatitis B virus DNA in serum, 10 (36%) had serologic evidence of hepatitis delta virus infection and 6 (21%) had no serologic markers of either hepatitis B virus replication or hepatitis delta virus infection. During follow-up, 15 (54%) patients developed active cirrhosis, including eight patients with hepatitis delta virus infection and five with hepatitis B virus DNA in serum. In seven (47%) of the 15 patients, cirrhosis developed within the first 2 years; all seven patients had bridging necrosis in the first liver biopsy, and five of these were infected with hepatitis delta virus. The remaining 13 (46%) patients did not develop cirrhosis during follow-up and showed either unchanged features of chronic active hepatitis (seven cases) or histologic improvement to chronic persistent hepatitis (five cases) or to normal liver (one case). In conclusion, the prognosis of anti-HBe-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B is poor, as 54% of the cases developed cirrhosis during a mean histologic follow-up period of 4.5 years, mainly in association with hepatitis delta virus infection or continuing hepatitis B virus replication.
Characterization of acute 4,4'-methylene dianiline hepatotoxicity in the rat.
Authors: M B Bailie, T P Mullaney, R A Roth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Methylene dianiline (DDM) is a chemical intermediate in the production of isocyanates and other industrial chemicals, and it is hepatotoxic in humans. The acute hepatotoxicity of orally administered DDM was characterized in rats. Rats receiving DDM (25-225 mg/kg, per os) demonstrated a dose-dependent elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, g-glutamyltransferase activity, and serum bilirubin concentration. DDM also caused a decrease in bile flow and an elevation in liver weight. Significant changes in these markers of liver injury occurred between 8 and 12 hr after a single, oral administration of DDM. Histologically, DDM caused multifocal, necrotizing hepatitis with neutrophil infiltration. Changes in the portal regions consisted of bile ductular necrosis, portal edema, neutrophil infiltration, mild fibrin exudation, and segmental necrotizing vasculitis. The role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (MO)-mediated metabolism in DDM hepatotoxicity was evaluated using the MO inhibitors, aminobenzotriazole and SKF-525A and the MO inducers phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone. Aminobenzotriazole provided protection from DDM-induced hepatotoxicity, whereas SKF-525A had no effect. The effect of phenobarbital pretreatment depended on the dose of DDM administered. At a dose of DDM that produced a maximal hepatotoxic response, phenobarbital did not influence hepatotoxicity. However, phenobarbital pretreatment provided protection against the hepatotoxic effects of a lower dose of DDM. beta-naphthoflavone pretreatment had a more modest effect on DDM-induced hepatic insult. These results demonstrate that DDM causes acute hepatotoxicity in the rat that is dose and time dependent. Results using inducers and inhibitors of MO suggest that DDM requires bioactivation to exert toxicity; however, the relationship between metabolism and toxicity may be complex.
Sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to Antibiotics
Authors: J. D. Williams, J. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The use of many different antibiotics to treat chest infection has led us to test the sensitivity of 68 strains of Haemophilus influenzae to 15 different compounds. These included established compounds such as ampicillin and tetracycline and newer agents such as cephalosporins and clindamycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds for H. influenzae were then compared with blood levels attained after the usual dose regimens. There has been a significant increase in tetracycline resistance in the last few years, but all strains were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, Several antibiotics were found to be microbiologically unsuitable for treating H. influenzae infections.
Phase Ia/II, two-arm, open-label, dose-escalation study of oral panobinostat administered via two dosing schedules in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: D J DeAngelo, A Spencer, K N Bhalla, H M Prince, T Fischer, T Kindler, F J Giles, J W Scott, K Parker, A Liu, M Woo, P Atadja, K K Mishra, O G Ottmann
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Lumbar disc problems.
Authors: J T Cope, J P Green
Journal: BMJ (1972)

ConclusionChildren with seizures may both show and create difficulties at all levels.Careful and repeated assessments of the child, his family, and his school are called for if secondary and tertiary handicaps are to be reduced.Following the Reid Report People with Epilepsy special centres are being established at which such assessments will be possible. References
P1-08-06: Breast Cancer among Patients with Diabetes, Obesity and Abnormal Blood Lipids – A Population-Based Register Study in Sweden.
Authors: H Olsson, B Attner, Olsson M Landin, T Lithman, D Noreen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective: To study how the incidence of breast cancer is related to diabetes, obesity or abnormal blood lipids. Methods: Diagnosis of diabetes, obesity or abnormal blood lipids was studied 0–10 years prior to the diagnosis of cancer in 2724 cases of cancer and in 20542 controls matched regarding age, sex and domicile in a population based material. Diagnoses were obtained by using out and inpatient population based registries. Also the use of glargine and metformin was studied in relation to cancer risk in diabetic patients using the national pharmacy prescription registry. Conditional logistic regression was used for the analyses. Results: Diabetes was significantly more common prior to diagnosis in patients with breast cancer with diabetes diagnosed 0–4 years prior to the cancer diagnosis. The findings remained after adjusting for obesity and high blood lipids. Obesity was significantly more common in patients with breast cancer above the age of 60 years in those where obesity was diagnosed close to the diagnosis of cancer. High blood lipids were significantly less common in patients with breast cancer close to diagnosis. Glargine use was associated with a doubled risk 2.88 (1.15−6.64) and metformin use with a lower risk of cancer in diabetic patients 0.92 (0.82−1.09). Conclusions: Within 4 years of diagnosis diabetes, obesity after age 60 and low blood lipids are associated with breast cancer. Glargine use seems to increase overall cancer risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-06.
Artificial Respiration by Mouth-to-Mask Method
Authors: James O. Elam, Elwyn S. Brown, John D. Elder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

VENTILATION and the respiratory blood gases have recently been measured in apneic adults to determine the relative merits of the manual methods of artificial ventilation.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Comparable data have not been reported concerning the simple and apparently effective procedure of mouth-to-mouth insufflation, one of the oldest known means of resuscitation.10 11 12 13 Numerous writers have endorsed the mouth-to-mouth method,12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 which obstetricians have long practiced in infants with asphyxia neonatorum. Anesthetists occasionally inflate the apneic patient's lungs with expired air after endotracheal intubation. The five-year survey of Ross23 indicates that the ancient method is infrequently used by rescue personnel. Whittenberger and Sarnoff13 attribute this . . .
FOREIGN BODY WITHIN THE ORBIT.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

On April 9, 1901, Mr. J., a retired business man of 79, while striking a blow with a hammer, felt a stinging pain in his left eye. His daughter could find nothing, but although there was no pain and perhaps only such dimness of vision as would accompany any blow, something about the appearance of the eyeball aroused her suspicions. The writer arrived at the house about one hour after the accident. The patient was calm enough and rather laughed at the need of medical attendance. There was still no pain and practically no redness of conjunctiva or sclera. On the cornea, two millimeters below the apex, in the lower outer quadrant, was a very small perforation which was no longer patent but had already begun to repair; there was practically no opaque area. The anterior chamber was restored and in it no blood could be detected nor was the
Why Publish Another Drug Survey?
Authors: Robert Straus
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Many readers of<i>JAMA</i>have undoubtedly become immune to the outpouring of recent articles on drug use by young people. More often than not, such articles have been of local interest and significance only, and have been incapable of validation or replication. Readers of<i>JAMA</i>should be advised that the study reported in "Drug Use in Anchorage, Alaska" which appears on p 657 of this issue is not "just another" drug survey. Because the study was designed to permit meaningful comparisons with surveys that have been made in other cities, especially Dallas and San Mateo, Calif, this report assumes national significance. Furthermore, the findings challenge assumptions that Alaska's geographic isolation can protect it from the blights of civilization. On the contrary, data on drug use by Anchorage youth suggest that it is well within the mainstream of American society. This study's methods are perhaps as significant as its findings. With
Pulmonary artery catheterisation offers no benefit
Authors: Toby Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Pulmonary artery catheterisation offers no demonstrable benefit for intensive care patients in the United Kingdom, a new research report says. Furthermore, economic analysis indicates that lives could be saved or prolonged at a modest cost by stopping its routine use, it concludes.

Such catheterisation has been a standard treatment in intensive care for almost 30 years, particularly in the United States. The authors, of the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, note that the device was widely adopted without evidence of its benefit, on the assumption that detailed knowledge of haemodynamic variables would …
A STUDY OF THE USE OF ICE AND OTHER MEANS OF PRESERVING FOOD IN HOMES
Authors: JOHN R. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The problem of pure milk is only partly solved with the introduction of clean milk into the home. The cleanest and purest milk may soon become foul if adequate means for its preservation are not used. It is well known that bacteria multiply with great rapidity above 50 F., while below that temperature their growth is held markedly in check. These facts are of importance to mothers and housekeepers, also to milk commissions and dealers, because charges of "bad milk" are often unjustly made against those interested in pure-milk work. In a recent study of the market milk problem in Rochester, it was noted that for purposes of economy nearly half of the families of the city endeavor to get along without ice. In such homes condensed milk, proprietary milk and dipped milk purchased at the near-by store are mainly used. These facts led me to investigate more intimately the
RUPTURE OF UTERUS EARLY IN THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: G. Stapleton
Journal: BMJ (1928)

Urinary tests before operation showed no abniormality as regards the presenice of albumin or of sugar.Induction of anaesthesia was bv chloroform-ether mixture, and then ether w-as employed to maintain the anaesthesia.Blood samples w-ere taken from the finger-before, and at intervals during and after, operationi, and the blood sugar content estimated by MacLean's method.At the end of operation, which consisted of partial gastrectomy, gastro-enterostomy, and removal of the appendix, since shock was present, she received a rectal saline injection, containing 5 per cent.glucose.The first two urines passed by the patient after the anaesthetic were collected and tested for glucose by the fermentation test and bv Febling's test (Bertrand's modification).The result with each test was negative.Albumin, acetone, and diacetic acid were similarly found to be absent.The patient mande an excellent recovery from the operation, and was discharged later from lhospital in a reasoinable state of health.The time record for-this case is as follows Time in minutes. 0.... First blood sample takeni-0.150per cent.Induietion of anaesthesia begun withl CE mixture.10. ... Change over to closed ether. 30... ... Second blood sample-0.181per cent.50.Third blood sample-0.26075 .Fourtlh blood sample-0.35085 .Anaesthetic stopped.100 .Fifth blood saniple-0.386per cent.105 ... Rectal saline with 5 pci' cenit.glucose.280 ...
Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP by Omental Tumor in Metastatic Cecal Cancer
Authors: Gayle C. Rutherford, Desmond J. Green, Angus R. O'Connor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Soft tissue metastases from epithelial tumors often accumulate radiopharmaceutical at methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scintigraphy. Although this is most commonly seen in the liver, peritoneal disease can sometimes be appreciated. Malignant ascites may demonstrate either a diffuse intraabdominal accumulation of radiopharmaceutical or U-shaped flank activity with relative central photopenia as a result of mesentery and bowel loops. We present a case of extensive omental tumor in a patient with metastatic cecal cancer incidentally discovered at bone scintigraphy. Soft tissue activity in both flanks and lower abdomen was initially attributed to uptake in ascites, but solid tumor was identified at subsequent CT scanning.
Plasticity of Hippocampal Subfield Volume Cornu Ammonis 2+3 Over the Course of Withdrawal in Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Simone Kühn, Katrin Charlet, Florian Schubert, Falk Kiefer, Peter Zimmermann, Andreas Heinz, Jürgen Gallinat
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Research focusing on plasticity has shown adult neurogenesis in hippocampal subfields. Chronic alcoholism is associated with decreased plasticity and reduced whole hippocampal volume that could contribute to neuropsychiatric characteristics and outcome of the disease.To investigate the effect of alcohol abstinence on neuronal plasticity measured as longitudinal volume change in distinct hippocampal subfields.We acquired high-resolution structural images of 42 patients addicted to alcohol and 32 healthy control participants. Patients and control participants were both scanned twice, once after withdrawal and 2 weeks later.Volumes of hippocampal subfields cornu ammonis (CA) 2+3, CA4+dentate gyrus, and subiculum were determined with a user-independent segmentation method.We found plasticity effects in bilateral CA2+3 in patients addicted to alcohol. Compared with healthy control participants, patients had lower CA2+3 volume at pretest (t31 = -0.73, P = .47) and showed a significant normalization of gray matter volume 2 weeks later. Pretest CA2+3 (t31 = -3.93, P < .001) volume was negatively associated with years of regular alcohol consumption (r42 = -0.32, P < .05) and more severe alcohol-withdrawal symptoms (r38 = -0.35, P < .05). Patients with stronger withdrawal symptoms displayed the largest volume increase of CA2+3 (r38 = 0.55, P < .001).The observed normalization of the bilateral hippocampal CA2+3 volume deficit matches animal data, showing a strong increase of hippocampal neurogenesis after cessation of alcohol consumption, and fits the reported increase of patients' cognitive function within a few months of alcohol abstinence. The role of CA3 in pattern separation and completion is also critical for formation of hallucinations, which constitute a severe symptom of the withdrawal syndrome. The study adds further biological arguments from structural brain research to abstain from alcohol.
Bile Leakage Following Menghini Needle Liver Biopsy
Authors: Maurice L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This report documents an unusual complication of needle biopsy of the liver by the Menghini technique, namely, bile leakage in a patient with low-grade obstructive jaundice. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 74-year-old white housewife was admitted to the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital on May 15, 1969, for the evaluation of jaundice. The patient had felt well until February of 1969. at which time she became depressed and complained of nondescript "throat discomfort." On May 9, she noted dark urine and light stools and on May 10, was observed to be icteric. There was no pruritus. In 1959, a radical mastectomy on the right side had been performed for adenocarcinoma of the breast with axillary metastases. The patient's only medication had been phenobarbital, 0.016 gm, three times a day. The results of blood chemical analyses reflecting liver function are summarized in the Table. On May 20, 1969, needle
Acute renal failure. Association with administration of radiographic contrast material
Authors: F. A. Krumlovsky
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Fourteen cases of acute renal failure secondary to administration of radiographic contrast media were observed, eight within a 15-month period. No patient had multiple myeloma, and only three were diabetic. Predisposing factors included renal hypoperfusion, preexisting renal insufficiency, hyperuricemia, age of more than 60 years, solitary functioning kidney, and exposure to several contrast studies at closely spaced intervals. Control of blood volume and serum uric acid, appropriate spacing of radiographic studies, and possibly urinary alkalinization and hypouricosuric drugs in high-risk patients are recommended to decrease the incidence and morbidity of contrast-mediated nephropathy. (<i>JAMA</i>239:125-127, 1978)
Predictors of in-hospital mortality after DC catheter ablation of atrioventricular junction. Results of a prospective, international, multicenter study.
Authors: G T Evans, M M Scheinman, G Bardy, M Borggrefe, P Brugada, J Fisher, G Fontaine, S K Huang, W H Huang, M Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The Catheter Ablation Registry was the first international, multicenter, prospective study of the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation.From August 1987 through March 1990, the study comprised 136 patients in whom only DC energy was used in attempted production of third-degree atrioventricular block to treat uncontrollable supraventricular tachycardias. Eight patients died during hospitalization for ablation. In seven (5.1%), the ablation may have contributed to their deaths. Causes of death included ventricular fibrillation (five patients, three with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), progressive heart failure (one patient), and respiratory failure (two patients, one dying after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation). Compared with survivors, patients who died were more likely to have had prior aborted sudden death (38% versus 2%, p less than 0.05), congestive heart failure (88% versus 22%, p less than 0.001), cardiomyopathy (50% versus 16%, p less than 0.05), lower baseline systolic blood pressure (106 versus 138 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), prolonged baseline and postablation corrected QT interval (p less than 0.01), and markedly reduced ejection fraction (27% versus 52%, p less than 0.001). Ablation successfully produced third-degree atrioventricular block in 88% of the patients who died and in 83% of survivors.Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction with DC energy carries a significant, previously unrecognized risk of death (5.1%), particularly from lethal arrhythmias, when applied to patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Great care should be taken in these seriously ill patients to guard against postablation ventricular arrhythmias.
Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase Activity in Blood.
Authors: Harry R. Keiser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase Activity in Blood.Harry R. Keiser, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. David Stein, M.D., Charles Vogel, M.D., Albert Sjoerdsma, M.D.Harry R. Keiser, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. David Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles Vogel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert Sjoerdsma, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-835_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have developed new techniques to measure protocollagen proline hydroxylase (PPH) activity in human blood; PPH is the enzyme that hydroxylates proline during collagen synthesis. To determine its clinical significance we assayed PPH activity in blood from 20 normal subjects, 401 patients with various diseases from both the United States and Africa, from 13 umbilical cords, and from 16 patients undergoing major surgery.Normal PPH levels in serum were up to 570 dpm/ml/hr. Very high levels (greater than 1,000) were found in 56% and elevated levels (greater than 570), in 70% of 54 patients with hepatoma. Elevated PPH levels were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harry R. Keiser, M.D., F.A.C.P.; H. David Stein, M.D.; Charles Vogel, M.D.; Albert Sjoerdsma, M.D.Affiliations: Bethesda, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 835-835KeywordsBloodEnzymesHepatocellular carcinomaSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
High response rates to interferon induction plus ribavirin and amantadine in the treatment of interferon nonresponder chronic hepatitis C patients: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: L.E. Adinolfi, A. Tonziello, R. Utili, A. Andreana, M. Marracino, G. Sarnataro, M. Giordano, G. Ruggiero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)