tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acquired von willebrand syndrome due to an inhibitor specific for von willebrand factor antigens
Authors: John Lazarchick, Alexandros A. Pappas, Joette Kizer, Sam A. Hall
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A patient with acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with polycythemia rubra vera is described. Her plasma factor VIII procoagulant activity (67 U/dl) and factor VIII‐related antigen (117 U/dl) were normal but no von Willebrand factor activity could be detected. Factor VIII crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed decreased levels of less anodic polymeric forms of factor VIII. Mixture of her plasma or immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction with normal plasma resulted in complete recovery of factor VIII activity and related antigen but no measurable von Willebrand factor activity, confirming the presence of an unique inhibitor. The limited specificity of this inhibitor to antigenic sites solely on the von Willebrand portion of the factor VIII bimolecular complex is distinct from all previous reports of this syndrome. This unique inhibitor offers a molecular probe to examine the von Willebrand factor: platelet interaction.
BILATERAL CHANGES IN UNILATERAL ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY QUANTIFIED USING ULTRASOUND TISSUE CHARACTERISATION
Authors: S I Docking, J T M van Schie, J Daffy, S Rosengarten, J L Cook
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent musculoskeletal injury in the young athletic population as well as older individuals. A high proportion of individuals develop symptoms within both Achilles tendons as well as an increased incidence of tendon rupture in the contralateral tendon post Achilles tendon rupture. Bilateral pathological changes have been reported in the literature in a number of animal studies,1 as well as pathological changes observed histologically and ultrasonographically in the asymptomatic tendon.2 3 Recent studies have suggested that these changes may be centrally mediated rather than alterations in gait, and may predispose the tendon to further degeneration and the development of symptoms. The current study examined changes in tendon structure in patients suffering from unilateral Achilles tendinopathy using ultrasound tissue characterisation (UTC) in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic tendon. UTC allows semi quantitative analysis of tendon structure by assessing the stability of the echopattern, which is closely related to the 3-D structure of the tendon. Methods 13 unilateral Achilles tendinopathy patients were recruited with various times of symptoms. Both Achilles tendons were scanned using UTC. UTC captures 600 contiguous transverse images over a distance of 12 cm and renders a three-dimensional image of the tendon. Tendon structure was quantified from the insertion to the musculotendinous junction using customised software that quantifies the stability of the echopattern and allows semi-quantification of tendon structure, which has previously been matched with pathological specimens. Tendon structure was compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic tendon using a related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results No significant difference was observed for any of the four echo-types between the symptomatic and asymptomatic tendon (p=0.388, p=0.158, 0.624, p=0.824, respectively). Despite no differences being observed in the echopatterns, disorganisation within the asymptomatic group was diffusely scattered throughout the length of the tendon. Disorganisation in the symptomatic tendon was confined to focal lesions predominately characterised by echo-types representing extensive fibrillar disorganisation. Discussion Despite the overall echopattern of the tendon not differing between the two groups, the distribution of disorganisation within the tendon differed. However, as changes in tendon structure were not confined to the symptomatic tendon, treatments should aim to improve tendon structure in both limbs to minimise the risk of developing symptoms and potential tendon rupture.
T-cell and macrophage subsets in the bronchial wall of clinically healthy subjects
Authors: CK Power, CM Burke, S Sreenan, B Hurson, LW Poulter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

This study was conducted to obtain quantitative data on the numbers of T-cells and macrophage subsets in the normal bronchial wall of man, and, thus, produce a baseline against which the numbers of these cells present in inflamed bronchi may be judged. Bronchial biopsies were obtained from 27 clinically healthy subjects attending hospital for elective orthopaedic operations. Eight of the subjects were smokers (median 3.5 pack-years), and eight were atopic as defined by skin prick test. Three to eight weeks after biopsy, subjects attended the lung function laboratory for spirometric testing and determination of provocative concentration of histamine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20FEV1). The bronchial biopsies were frozen and cryostat sections prepared. These sections were investigated with immunohistological techniques to reveal the presence and distribution of T-cell and macrophage subsets. Twenty six out of 27 subjects had spirometric values within the normal range, but a wide spectrum of bronchial reactivity was observed (PC20FEV1 range 2-36 mg histamine). Using monoclonal antibodies in immunohistological techniques, only small numbers of T-cells were seen, the majority being CD8+ cells in the epithelium. In the underlying tissue, CD4+ cells predominated (CD4/CD8 ratio, epithelium 1:9; underlying tissue 4:1). In both cases, approx. 50% of T-cells expressed the CD45Ro isotype. Small numbers of macrophages were observed in all samples. The majority of these cells expressed a "suppressor cell" phenotype (RFD1+RFD7+), whilst only a small proportion (median 11% ) exhibited the phenotype of antigen presenting cells (RFD1+RFD7-).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increasing Prevalence of Knee Pain and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Survey and Cohort Data
Authors: Uyen Sa D T Nguyen, Yuqing Zhang, Yanyan Zhu, Jingbo Niu, Bin Zhang, David T. Felson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: A recent surge in knee replacements is assumed to be due to aging and increased obesity of the U.S. population. Objective: To assess whether age, obesity, and change in radiographic knee osteoarthritis explain the trend in knee pain and osteoarthritis. Design: Cross-sectional, using data from 6 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) surveys between 1971 and 2004 and from 3 examination periods in the FOA (Framingham Osteoarthritis) Study between 1983 through 2005. Setting: U.S. population. Participants: NHANES participants (white or African American; aged 60 to 74 years) and FOA Study participants (mostly white; aged ≥70 years) were included. Measurements: NHANES participants were asked about pain in or around the knee on most days. In the FOA Study, participants were asked about knee pain and had bilateral weight-bearing anteroposterior knee radiography to define radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Radiographic evidence and self-reported pain were used to define symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The age- and age- and body mass index (BMI)–adjusted prevalences of knee pain and osteoarthritis at later examinations were compared with that of earlier examinations by using the ratio of the prevalence estimates. Results: Age- and BMI-adjusted prevalence of knee pain increased by about 65% in NHANES from 1974 to 1994 among non-Hispanic white and Mexican American men and women and among African American women. In the FOA Study, the age- and BMI-adjusted prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis approximately doubled in women and tripled in men over 20 years. No such trend was observed in the prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in FOA Study participants. After age adjustment, additional adjustment for BMI resulted in a 10% to 25% decrease in the prevalence ratios for knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Limitations: Differences in sampling of FOA Study participants over time or birth cohort effects cannot be ruled out as possible explanations of the increased reporting of knee pain. Increases in prevalence at the last interval in the FOA Study might be due to differences in cohort membership by interval. Conclusion: Results suggest that the prevalence of knee pain has increased substantially over 20 years, independent of age and BMI. Obesity accounted for only part of this increase. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis increased but radiographic knee osteoarthritis did not. Primary Funding Source: American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation and National Institutes of Health. The FOA Study was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (for the parent Framingham Heart Study), National Institute on Aging, and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (FOA Study), National Institutes of Health.
Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in Relation to Cardiac Output in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. L. Muir, B. J. Kirby, A. J. King, H. C. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Mixed venous oxygen saturations derived from measurement of mixed venous oxygen tension were compared with dye dilution cardiac output determinations in 26 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mixed venous oxygen saturation was greatly reduced in patients with shock or failure complicating myocardial infarction. The level of oxygen saturation correlated with cardiac output determinations. The measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation, which is relatively simple and does not require elaborate equipment, should be an important aid to the rational treatment of patients with low output states complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Reviews and Notes: Cutaneous Manifestations of Infection in the Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Thomas J. Spira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine15 November 1995Reviews and Notes: Cutaneous Manifestations of Infection in the Immunocompromised HostThomas J. Spira, MDThomas J. Spira, MDNational Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ME Grossman and J Roth. 196 pages. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. $99.00. ISBN 0-683-03642-4. Order phone 800-638-0672.Given the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients—those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), those with diseases that involve immunocompromise, and those having immunosuppressive therapy—more physicians are confronted with the task of diagnosing both common and opportunistic infections in these patients. All clinicians dealing with these populations should become familiar with the cutaneous manifestations of these infections.Several textbooks, both general dermatology and more specialized texts, address cutaneous infections and include color plates of lesions and chapters on infections in the immunocompromised host, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 815-815KeywordsAIDSHerpes simplexLesionsMalnutritionMouthOpportunistic infectionsPatientsPopulation statisticsSplenectomyStreptococcal infections ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Principles and Practice of Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This is the first of two volumes devoted  the mutual interests of obstetrics and anesthesiology. A portion of the second volume is, however, already in print asObstetric Complicationsunder the imprimatur of F. A. Davis' Clinical Anesthesia Series (1965). In the author's own words, volume 1 contains sections on the physiology and psychology of pregnancy and parturition; and placental, fetal, and neonatal physiology and pharmacology; indications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications of sedatives, analgesics, anesthetics, and other agents used during parturition—the pharmacology of these drugs and a detailed description of the techniques of administration. Breathless and somewhat over-whelmed, I pause  note further that this is intended, to serve as a textbook and reference work for anesthesiologists, anesthesia residents, nurse anesthetists, obstetricians, obstetric residents, general practitioners, obstetric nurses, pediatricians and others involved in the care of the parturient and her newborn.  A prodigious enterprise such as this, about ten
Efficacy of infliximab in psoriatic arthritis resistant to treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: an open pilot study
Authors: G Provenzano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) used to be considered a mild disease, but the development of erosive and deforming arthritis has been shown in a large proportion of patients.1

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) often do not achieve a satisfactory control of articular symptoms and there is no evidence of their effect on the progression of joint damage.2 Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) has a role in the pathogenesis of PsA,3 and there are some encouraging reports about the efficacy of TNFα neutralising agents for the treatment of the spondyloarthropathies, including PsA.4–8

We evaluated in an open label, six month pilot study the safety and efficacy of infliximab in association with methotrexate (MTX) in 12 patients with PsA resistant to conventional DMARD treatment.

Patients were considered eligible for the study if they fulfilled all of the following criteria: ( a ) diagnosis of psoriasis confirmed by a dermatologist; ( b ) diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria9; ( c ) active disease …
Development of CLL in the TCL1 transgenic mouse model is associated with severe skewing of the T-cell compartment homologous to human CLL
Authors: J Piñón Hofbauer, C Heyder, U Denk, T Kocher, C Holler, D Trapin, D Asslaber, I Tinhofer, R Greil, A Egle
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
MULTIPLE SACCULATIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Jacob Buckstein
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The case described is reported because it is the first of its kind that I have seen in the course of more than 10,000 examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract. T. O., aged 44, complained of knifelike pain in the left upper quadrant, which occurred an hour or two after meals. The condition had lasted four months. There was no radiation, vomiting or food relief. He had lost 20 pounds (9 Kg.). Physical examination, except for tenderness in the left upper quadrant, was negative. Nothing in the clinical examination suggested an esophageal disorder. The sacculations of the esophagus in the accompanying illustration were noted in the course of a routine roentgenographic examination of the gastro-intestinal tract. The remainder of the alimentary canal was normal. For a number of weeks since the examination, the patient has been entirely symptom free. The esophageal condition does not appear to have any relation to his
Feasibility and Accuracy of 3DTEE Versus CT for the Evaluation of Aortic Valve Annulus to Left Main Ostium Distance Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Gloria Tamborini, Laura Fusini, Paola Gripari, Manuela Muratori, Claudia Cefalù, Francesco Maffessanti, Francesco Alamanni, Antonio Bartorelli, Gianluca Pontone, Daniele Andreini, Erika Bertella, Cesare Fiorentini, Mauro Pepi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Review of Kazuo Ishiguro,<i>Never Let Me Go</i>.<sup>1</sup>∗
Authors: Daniel Vorhaus
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

1. New York, NY: Vintage, 2006. 304 pp. $14.00, paperback. ∗ Spoiler Alert: The following review contains revealing information about the plot and the characters of this work of fiction.
Seasonal onset of initial colonisation and chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis in Denmark.
Authors: H K Johansen, N Hoiby
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: To assess the relation between seasonal variation and the onset of initial and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 300 Danish patients with cystic fibrosis were investigated. A retrospective analysis based on case reports was performed to identify the date and year of initial and chronic P aeruginosa infection from 1965 to 1990. RESULTS: Sixty six per cent of the patients contracted their initial P aeruginosa colonisation and 68% contracted chronic infection during the winter months (October to March). Despite major changes in treatment, including improved and intensified antibiotic treatment, during the investigation period in our cystic fibrosis centre, the seasonal difference in P aeruginosa infection persisted. CONCLUSIONS: As respiratory virus infections have the same seasonal distribution in Denmark such infections may pave the way for P aeruginosa and thus explain the parallel seasonal occurrence of this pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Community based lifestyle intervention for blood pressure reduction in children and young adults in developing country: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: T. H. Jafar, M. Islam, J. Hatcher, S. Hashmi, R. Bux, A. Khan, N. Poulter, S. Badruddin, N. Chaturvedi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effectiveness of a community based lifestyle intervention on blood pressure in children and young adults in a developing country setting. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 12 randomly selected geographical census based clusters in Karachi, Pakistan. <b>Participants</b> 4023 people aged 5-39 years. <b>Intervention</b> Three monthly family based home health education delivered by lay health workers. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Change in blood pressure from randomisation to end of follow-up at 2 years. <b>Results</b> Analysed using the intention to treat principle, the change in systolic blood pressure (adjusted for age, sex, and baseline blood pressure) was significant; it increased by 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.9) mm Hg in the control group and by 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) mm Hg in the home health education group (P for difference between groups=0.02). Findings for diastolic blood pressure were similar; the change was 1.5 mm Hg greater in the control group than in the intervention group (P=0.002). <b>Conclusions</b> Simple, family based home health education delivered by trained lay health workers significantly ameliorated the usual increase in blood pressure with age in children and young adults in the general population of Pakistan, a low income developing country. This strategy is potentially feasible for up-scaling within the existing healthcare systems of Indo-Asia. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00327574.
628 RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL REACTIONS TO CONTROLLED-RELEASE INTERFERON ALPHA2B AND PEGYLATED-INTERFERON ALPHA2B IN HEPATITIS C PATIENTS WHO FAILED PRIOR TREATMENT
Authors: E. Lawitz, Z.M. Younossi, M. Shiffman, S. Gordon, R. Ghalib, W. Long, A. Muir, J. McHutchison
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Lentiviral Vector-based Insertional Mutagenesis Identifies Genes Involved in the Resistance to Targeted Anticancer Therapies
Authors: Marco Ranzani, Stefano Annunziato, Andrea Calabria, Stefano Brasca, Fabrizio Benedicenti, Pierangela Gallina, Luigi Naldini, Eugenio Montini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The high transduction efficiency of lentiviral vectors in a wide variety of cells makes them an ideal tool for forward genetics screenings addressing issues of cancer research. Although molecular targeted therapies have provided significant advances in tumor treatment, relapses often occur by the expansion of tumor cell clones carrying mutations that confer resistance. Identification of the culprits of anticancer drug resistance is fundamental for the achievement of long-term response. Here, we developed a new lentiviral vector-based insertional mutagenesis screening to identify genes that confer resistance to clinically relevant targeted anticancer therapies. By applying this genome-wide approach to cell lines representing two subtypes of HER2+ breast cancer, we identified 62 candidate lapatinib resistance genes. We validated the top ranking genes, i.e., PIK3CA and PIK3CB, by showing that their forced expression confers resistance to lapatinib in vitro and found that their mutation/overexpression is associated to poor prognosis in human breast tumors. Then, we successfully applied this approach to the identification of erlotinib resistance genes in pancreatic cancer, thus showing the intrinsic versatility of the approach. The acquired knowledge can help identifying combinations of targeted drugs to overcome the occurrence of resistance, thus opening new horizons for more effective treatment of tumors. The high transduction efficiency of lentiviral vectors in a wide variety of cells makes them an ideal tool for forward genetics screenings addressing issues of cancer research. Although molecular targeted therapies have provided significant advances in tumor treatment, relapses often occur by the expansion of tumor cell clones carrying mutations that confer resistance. Identification of the culprits of anticancer drug resistance is fundamental for the achievement of long-term response. Here, we developed a new lentiviral vector-based insertional mutagenesis screening to identify genes that confer resistance to clinically relevant targeted anticancer therapies. By applying this genome-wide approach to cell lines representing two subtypes of HER2+ breast cancer, we identified 62 candidate lapatinib resistance genes. We validated the top ranking genes, i.e., PIK3CA and PIK3CB, by showing that their forced expression confers resistance to lapatinib in vitro and found that their mutation/overexpression is associated to poor prognosis in human breast tumors. Then, we successfully applied this approach to the identification of erlotinib resistance genes in pancreatic cancer, thus showing the intrinsic versatility of the approach. The acquired knowledge can help identifying combinations of targeted drugs to overcome the occurrence of resistance, thus opening new horizons for more effective treatment of tumors.
839 SERUM APOLIPOPROTEIN CIII LEVELS DECLINE AFTER WEIGHT LOSS INDUCED IMPROVEMENT IN HEPATIC STEATOSIS
Authors: A. Verrijken, S. Francque, S. Caron, I. Mertens, G. Hubens, E. Van Marck, B. Staels, P. Michielsen, M.-R. Taskinen, L. Van Gaal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)