tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 47-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Raymond E. H. Partridge, Robert B. Colvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She was well until two years previously, when pain developed in both legs; a diagnosis of superficial phlebitis was made, and her symptoms improved on rest. Two weeks later she became febrile, with arthralgia and malaise. The left arm and hand and both feet were numb. On admission to another hospital weakness of grasp and a mild foot drop were found on the left side. The urinary sediment contained innumerable red cells and white cells, with red-cell and granular casts. The creatinine rose from 1.1 to . . .
Patients' charities often lack cash
Authors: F. McLean
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—It is commendable that the BMJ is publishing an issue from the patient's perspective. CancerBACUP (http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/) provides information and support for people affected by cancer, and our experienced oncology nurses can respond to any question on any cancer. We also offer a wide range of print and web resources.

CancerBACUP nurses stay up to …
Fundamental Aspects of Neural-Immune Signaling
Authors: David L. Felten, Suzanne Y. Felten, Denise L. Bellinger, Kelley S. Madden
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Noradrenergic and peptidergic nerve fibers abundantly innervate the parenchyma of both primary (bone marrow) and secondary (spleen, lymph nodes) lymphoid organs. Nerve fibers distribute within the parenchyma of these organs, as well as along smooth muscle compartments. Both noradrenaline and peptides such as substance P have been shown to fulfill the basic criteria for neurotransmission with lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immunocytes as targets. Denervation or pharmacological manipulation of these neurotransmitters can profoundly alter immunological reactivity at the individual cellular level, at the level of complex multicellular interactions (such as antibody response), and at the level of host response to a disease-producing challenge. The characteristic and mechanisms of bidirectional neural-immune signaling may provide a novel approach to immunologically-mediated disease, both pharmacologically and behaviorally.
Letter from Bosnia-Hercegovina: Signs of hope
Authors: L. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1996)

UrodynamicsThe term urodynamics covers a wide variety oftechniques that allow assessment of bladder function.The most simple is uroflometry, which can often be combined with ultrasonography to determine the presence ofresidual urine in the bladder.Although this is a useful investigation in men with outflow obstruction, it cannot distinguish between true obstruction and detrusor failure.Video urodynamics offers a more complete assessment ofbladder function but is undoubtedly more invasive.Pressure lines are inserted into the bladder and rectum, and the bladder is filled with a mixture of saline and contrast medium.An unstable bladder contraction is detected by a rise in pressure of more than 15 cm water during filling when the patient is not attempting to pass urine.The final phase ofthe examination determines the pressure generated during voiding and the flow rate that results allowing detrusor failure to be distinguished from outflow obstruction.Fluoroscopic screening during the test may also show vesicoureteric reflux, bladder diverticula, and evidence of stress incontinence.
SPIROCHÆTA EURYGYRATA
Authors: Mary Jane Hogue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. Pure lines of Spirochoeta eurygyrata were isolated and cultured. 2. They lived longest in a medium which was made up of sodium chloride and pig serum water. 3. They stained readily with iron-hematoxylin, Giemsa's stain, Cross' stain, and carbolfuchsin. 4. They did not stain with the vital dyes used. 5. They divide by transverse division. 6. Transverse bars, which are seen in stained spirochetes and in dead ones with dark-field illumination, are considered coagulated protoplasm, due to death. 7. Coccoid bodies were not seen in living individuals nor were they seen free in the culture medium. 8. Cats were fed cultures of Spirochoeta eurygyrata but did not become infected with them. 9. Spirochoeta eurygyrata is not of frequent occurrence in this part of the United States.
Septic (Aspergillus) Embolus
Authors: Dwayne Ledesma, William H. Pearce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 61-year-old man with a prosthetic aortic valve presented with acute ischemia of the right foot. An embolectomy of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis arteries was performed. Culture of the thrombus revealed Aspergillus fumigatus. On microscopical examination (hematoxylin and eosin, ×400), aspergillus hyphae appeared as broad, septate filaments of uniform width (5 to 10 μm), with a characteristic branching angle of 45 degrees (arrows). A transesophageal echocardiogram disclosed multiple aortic-valve vegetations. The patient's prosthetic aortic valve was replaced, and he was treated with amphotericin B, but he died of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the ascending aorta . . .
Human buccal epithelium acquires microbial hyporesponsiveness at birth, a role for secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
Authors: Celia L Menckeberg, Jeroen Hol, Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis, H (Rolien) C Raatgeep, Lilian F de Ruiter, Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve, Anita M Korteland-van Male, Sahar El Aidy, Pieter P E van Lierop, Michiel Kleerebezem, Michael Groeneweg, Georg Kraal, Beatrix E Elink-Schuurman, Johan C de Jongste, Edward E S Nieuwenhuis, Janneke N Samsom
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Repetitive interaction with microbial stimuli renders epithelial cells (ECs) hyporesponsive to microbial stimulation. Previously, we have reported that buccal ECs from a subset of paediatric patients with Crohn9s disease are not hyporesponsive and spontaneously released chemokines. We now aimed to identify kinetics and mechanisms of acquisition of hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation using primary human buccal epithelium. <h3>Design</h3> Buccal ECs collected directly after birth and in later stages of life were investigated. Chemokine release and regulatory signalling pathways were studied using primary buccal ECs and the buccal EC line TR146. Findings were extended to the intestinal mucosa using murine model systems. <h3>Results</h3> Directly after birth, primary human buccal ECs spontaneously produced the chemokine CXCL-8 and were responsive to microbial stimuli. Within the first weeks of life, these ECs attained hyporesponsiveness, associated with inactivation of the NF-κB pathway and upregulation of the novel NF-κB inhibitor SLPI but no other known NF-κB inhibitors. SLPI protein was abundant in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of hyporesponsive buccal ECs. Knock-down of SLPI in TR146-buccal ECs induced loss of hyporesponsiveness with increased NF-κB activation and subsequent chemokine release. This regulatory mechanism extended to the intestine, as colonisation of germfree mice elicited SLPI expression in small intestine and colon. Moreover, SLPI-deficient mice had increased chemokine expression in small intestinal and colonic ECs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We identify SLPI as a new player in acquisition of microbial hyporesponsiveness by buccal and intestinal epithelium in the first weeks after microbial colonisation.
Cardiovascular Adaptations to Prolonged Physical Effort
Authors: GEORGE L. BECKNER, TRAVIS WINSOR
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Studies of the cardiovascular system were made among 26-mile marathon runners after at least five years of physical training. Studies made with the subjects at rest showed an electrocardiogram characterized by a vertical or semivertical electrocardiographic position of the heart in the chest, bradycardia, high voltage of the QRS complexes and high T and U waves. T waves which were low with respect to the height of the R waves were not encountered. Etiologically the heart was enlarged. Immediately after running 26 miles the transverse diameter of the heart was decreased considerably.
Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.
Authors: María Fernanda Cavieres, James Jaeger, Warren Porter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We investigated the developmental toxicity in mice of a common commercial formulation of herbicide containing a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mecoprop, dicamba, and inactive ingredients. Pregnant mice were exposed to one of four different doses of the herbicide mixture diluted in their drinking water, either during preimplantation and organogenesis or only during organogenesis. Litter size, birth weight, and crown-rump length were determined at birth, and pups were allowed to lactate and grow without additional herbicide exposure so that they could be subjected to additional immune, endocrine, and behavioral studies, the results of which will be reported in a separate article. At weaning, dams were sacrificed, and the number of implantation sites was determined. The data, although apparently influenced by season, showed an inverted or U-shaped dose-response pattern for reduced litter size, with the low end of the dose range producing the greatest decrease in the number of live pups born. The decrease in litter size was associated with a decrease in the number of implantation sites, but only at very low and low environmentally relevant doses. Fetotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in weight and crown-rump length of the newborn pups or embryo resorption, was not significantly different in the herbicide-treated litters.
Pacing-Induced Spontaneous Activity in Myocardial Sleeves of Pulmonary Veins After Treatment With Ryanodine
Authors: Haruo Honjo, Mark R. Boyett, Ryoko Niwa, Shin Inada, Mitsuru Yamamoto, Kazuyuki Mitsui, Toshiyuki Horiuchi, Nitaro Shibata, Kaichiro Kamiya, Itsuo Kodama
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Recent clinical electrophysiology studies and successful results of radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy suggest that high-frequency focal activity in the pulmonary veins (PVs) plays important roles in the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation, but the mechanisms underlying the focal arrhythmogenic activity are not understood.Extracellular potential mapping of rabbit right atrial preparations showed that ryanodine (2 micromol/L) caused a shift of the leading pacemaker from the sinoatrial node to an ectopic focus near the right PV-atrium junction. The transmembrane potential recorded from the isolated myocardial sleeve of the right PV showed typical atrial-type action potentials with a stable resting potential under control conditions. Treatment with ryanodine (0.5 to 2 micromol/L) resulted in a depolarization of the resting potential and a development of pacemaker depolarization. These changes were enhanced transiently after an increase in the pacing rate: a self-terminating burst of spontaneous action potentials (duration, 33.6+/-5.0 s; n=32) was induced by a train of rapid stimuli (3.3 Hz) applied after a brief rest period. The pacing-induced activity was attenuated by either depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of Ca2+ or blockade of the sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger or Cl- channels and potentiated by beta-adrenergic stimulation.PV myocardial sleeves have the potential to generate spontaneous activity, and such arrhythmogenic activity is uncovered by modulation of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics.
Routine Psychological Screening in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: a Notion Whose Time Has Come?
Authors: Maartje de Wit, Frank J. Snoek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read with great interest the review of Cameron et al. (1) regarding the need of psychological screening in youth with type 1 diabetes. The authors noted differences in outcomes regarding the level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and prevalence of mental health problems in youth with diabetes, partly due to the variety of measures used. In this context, it is …
TCT-284 Synergy of Drug Coated Balloons plus Second-generation Drug Eluting Stents in lesions with high risk for restenosis
Authors: Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Azeem Latib, Katsumasa Sato, Tadashi Miyazaki, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Filippo Figini, Alaide Chieffo, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Journal Editorial Policies, Animal Welfare, and the 3Rs”
Authors: Nicola J. Osborne, Daisy Payne, Michael L. Newman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

The work presented in the target article (2009) forms part of an ongoing project; all the commentary responses are very much welcomed and will be used to help develop this work further. In case it ...
The λ model for motor control: More than meets the eye
Authors: Mindy F. Levin, Anatol G. Feldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Understanding of the λ model has greatly increased in recent years as evidenced by most of the commentaries. Some commentators underscored the potential of the model to integrate aspects of different sensorimotor systems in the production of movement. Other commentators focused on not-yet-fully-developed parts of the model. A few persisted in misunderstanding some of its basic concepts, and on these grounds they reject it. In responding to commentaries we continue to elaborate on some fundamental points of the model, especially control variables, the idea of movement production by shifting the positional frame of reference and the hypothesis of biomechanical correspondence in motor control. We also continue to develop our ideas on the intrinsic generation of the frame of reference associated with external space and utilized for the control of arm movement and locomotion. The dynamic principles underlying the model are discussed in light of the dynamical systems approach.
Changing pattern of hepatitis C virus spread in rural areas of Egypt
Authors: Naglaa Arafa, Mostafa El Hoseiny, Claire Rekacewicz, Iman Bakr, Sherif El-Kafrawy, Mai El Daly, Saeed Aoun, Diaa Marzouk, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Arnaud Fontanet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Inositol phosphate formation and its relationship to calcium signaling.
Authors: A R Hughes, J W Putney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The activation of a variety of cell surface receptors results in a biphasic increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration due to the release or mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and to the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. It is well established that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis is responsible for the changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. Stimulation of Ca2(+)-mobilizing receptors also results in the phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of the minor plasma membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, with the concomitant formation of inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate [1,4,5)IP3) and diacylglycerol. Analogous to the adenylyl cyclase signaling system, receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C also appears to be mediated by one or more intermediary guanine nucleotide-dependent regulatory proteins. There is strong evidence that (1,4,5)IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The Ca2(+)-releasing actions of (1,4,5)IP3 are terminated by its metabolism through two distinct pathways. (1,4,5)IP3 is dephosphorylated by a 5-phosphatase to inositol (1,4) bisphosphate; alternatively, (1,4,5)IP3 can be phosphorylated to inositol (1,3,4,5) tetrakisphosphate by a 3-kinase. Whereas the mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization is understood, the precise mechanisms involved in Ca2+ entry are not known. A recent proposal that (1,4,5)IP3 secondarily elicits Ca2+ entry by emptying an intracellular Ca2+ pool will be considered. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which inositol phosphates regulate cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations.
Eulminating rosacea conglobata (rosacea fulminans) and ulcerative colitis
Authors: T. Jansen, G. Plewig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Eulminating rosacea conglobata (rosacea fulminans) and ulcerative colitis Get access T. Jansen, T. Jansen Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University, Frauenlobstraße 9‐11, 80337 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Plewig G. Plewig Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University, Frauenlobstraße 9‐11, 80337 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 5, 1 November 1997, Pages 830–831, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01134.x Published: 01 November 1997
Key role of regulatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 as well as allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 in tolerance to mucosal antigens/allergens
Authors: Marek Jutel, Mübeccel Akdis, Jozef Malolepszy, Ferah Budak, Carmen Aebischer-Casaulta, Maria Wrzyszcz, Kurt Blaser, Cezmi Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Association between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and non- Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: T Natazuka, Y Manabe, M Kono, T Murayama, T Matsui, K Chihara
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Nodal and extranodal lymphomas are considered to be distinct entities on the basis of histological distribution, response to chemotherapy, and prognosis.1 The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is significantly increased in patients in an immunosuppressive state,2 and diabetes mellitus impairs the immune response to bacterial infections.3 We therefore retrospectively investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with nodal and extranodal lymphomas to determine whether the risk of lymphoma is increased in patients with diabetes.

From 1986 to 1993, 160 patients with nodal and extranodal lymphoma, excluding those who were positive for human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I antibody, were treated at Kobe University School of Medicine Hospital. No patients were positive for HIV-1 antibody. We excluded 27 patients (21 with nodal lymphoma, six with extranodal lymphoma) because adequate …
Abstract 72: Metformin enhances tumor regression and reduces tumor burden in a preclinical paradigm modeling obesity's impact on postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Erin D. Giles, Steven M. Anderson, Pepper J. Schedin, Ann D. Thor, Ginger C. Johnson, Karla J. Hedman, M Chad Mahan, Jordan L. Houser, Paul S. MacLean
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity and type II diabetes have been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. Patients treated with the anti-diabetic drug metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) for type II diabetes or metabolic syndrome have shown a reduced risk of breast cancer, a greater pathologic complete response for neoadjuvant therapy and an improved breast cancer survival. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of metformin on tumor promotion in a rodent model of obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. METHODS: Rats were injected with N-methylnitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg) at 8 weeks of age to induce mammary tumors, and fed a high fat diet (from 5 weeks of age) to promote obesity. Obesity-resistant and obesity-prone rats were selected, based upon weight gain (between 10 and 14 weeks of age) and were matured under these conditions to produce adult, tumor-bearing lean and obese rats (24±1 vs 29±1 % body fat). Tumors were monitored by manual palpation at weekly intervals from the time of MNU administration. Obese animals were randomly assigned to either metformin treatment (2mg/mL in their drinking water, n=8) or control group (water only, n=6), after at least 1 tumor reached a volume &amp;gt;1cm3. Rats were maintained on their respective treatments for the duration of the study. One week following the initiation of treatment, animals were ovariectomized (OVX) to mimic the post-menopausal state, and tumor palpations were continued for an additional 9 weeks. RESULTS: Prior to OVX, control and metformin treated obese rats were similar in weight (413±21 vs 397±20 g) and tumor burden (3.3±1.2 vs 3.7±2.3 g). In response to OVX, tumor burden decreased in all animals, as predicted, based on the hormone responsiveness of MNU-induced tumors. Compared to untreated obese rats, the percent of pre-OVX tumor burden was lower in metformin-treated rats (weeks 1-3 post-OVX; 67±10 vs 26± 8%, p&amp;lt;0.05). A tendency for metformin to attenuate the subsequent rebound in tumor burden was observed at week 7 (126±67 vs 41±35%, p=0.06), week 8 (170±112 vs 35±29%, p=0.06), and week 9 (249±165 vs 41±30%, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary observations indicate that metformin enhances OVX-induced tumor regression in obese rats and may reduce long term tumor growth and survival in these animals after the surgery. These findings suggest that metformin may have therapeutic benefits in obese, peri- or post-menopausal patients who are at risk for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 72.
Antibiotics, resistance, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Mark Woodhead, Douglas Fleming, Richard Wise
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Data at the individual level are needed to direct policies 

Concern exists worldwide about the threat posed to human health by antibiotic resistance in common microbial pathogens. In response the World Health Organization has launched a global strategy for containment of antimicrobial resistance and the United Kingdom has an antimicrobial resistance strategy and action plan.1 2 Fundamental to any action is an accurate understanding of the relation between prescribing and resistance. This is especially important where most prescribing occurs—in the community.

At the level of individual patients a link between prescribing and resistance has been found for many bacteria.3 In the United Kingdom, data about antibiotic prescribing are usually available only at the practice level. These have been investigated in relation to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, with only a weak association found.4 The validity of such analysis can be questioned, however, because exposure and outcome in any one individual are not linked and controls are not available. These potential flaws can be overcome by use of individual patient …
Agricultural chemical utilization and human health.
Authors: E W Mushak, W T Piver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The public is justifiably concerned about the human health effects of agricultural chemicals. The many gaps in information about the mechanisms of toxic action, human exposures, and the nature and extent of human health effects are large. Very few older pesticides, in particular, have been tested for human health effects. Workers who produce, harvest, store, transport, process, and prepare food and fibers are exposed to many chemicals that are potentially hazardous and that are used in agriculture. The occupational health of these workers has not been adequately studied, and protective efforts have sometimes been minimal. Valid and accurate risk assessment is best based on sound information about how chemicals, in this case agricultural chemicals, are involved in toxic events--their mechanisms of action. These health effects include tumor promotion, chronic and acute neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Another key part of risk assessment is exposure assessment. Fundamental studies of the toxicology of target organisms and nontarget organisms exposed to agricultural chemicals are needed to discover and develop better solutions to the problems of agricultural pest control, including better formulations, optimal application rates and public education in safety and alternative agricultural practices. The large number of pesticides that have never been adequately tested for effects on human health is particularly worrisome in light of emerging information about delayed nervous system effects.