tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B vaccination of 113 hemophiliacs: Lower antibody response in anti-LAV/HTLV-III-positive patients
Authors: A. R. Zanetti, P. M. Mannucci, E. Tanzi, G. A. Moroni, M. De Paschale, M. Morfini, V. Carnelli, M. C. Tirindelli, R. De Biasi, N. Ciavarella, V. De Rosa, F. Rodeghiero, M. Colombo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract One‐hundred thirteen adults and children with hemophilia or other congenital bleeding disorders were vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus. Each patient was given three subcutaneous injections of the vaccine at monthly intervals and then a fourth booster dose 14 months after the first. The vaccine was highly immunogenic, since 111 of 113 patients (98%) produced anti‐HBs (10 mlU/ml or more). After the first three vaccine doses and after the booster dose, ten anti‐LAV/HTLV‐III‐positive hemophiliacs produced anti‐HBs but had a lower average titer than anti‐LAV/HTLV‐III‐negative hemophiliacs. Of the 23 patients treated with concentrates in the 15 month postvaccination period only, none acquired HBV infection. Of the 50 patients treated with concentrates also in the 6 month prevaccination period, one developed hepatitis B. In summary, the vaccine was highly immunogenic in both children and adults with hemophilia; anti‐LAV/HTLV‐III‐positive patients responded to the vaccine, but the average anti‐HBs response was lower; no case of hepatitis B occurred in patients treated with concentrates only in the postvaccination period.
EAACI Position Paper on assessment of cough in the workplace
Authors: G. Moscato, G. Pala, P. Cullinan, I. Folletti, R. Gerth van Wijk, P. Pignatti, S. Quirce, J. Sastre, E. Toskala, O. Vandenplas, J. Walusiak-Skorupa, J. L. Malo
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Cough is a nonspecific and relatively common symptom that can present difficulties in diagnosis and management, particularly when it is reported to be associated with the workplace. The present consensus document, prepared by a taskforce of the Interest Group on Occupational Allergy of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology by means of a nonsystematic review of the current literature, is intended to provide a definition and classification of work-related chronic cough (WRCC) to assist the daily practice of physicians facing with this symptom. The review demonstrates that several upper and lower airway work-related diseases may present with chronic cough; hence, the possible link with the workplace should always be considered. Due to the broad spectrum of underlying diseases, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to achieve a definite diagnosis. Nevertheless, more epidemiological studies are necessary to estimate the real prevalence and risk factors for WRCC, the role of exposure to environmental and occupational sensitizers and irritants in its pathogenesis and the interaction with both upper and lower airways. Finally, the best management option should be evaluated in order to achieve the best outcome without adverse social and financial consequences for the worker.
Protection against Prenatal Alcohol-Induced Damage
Authors: Catherine Y Spong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most common, nongenetic cause of mental retardation, and has a significant national health impact [ 1]. Meeting the criteria for this condition requires the identification of specific features, involving craniofacial dysmorphology (particularly midfacial anomalies), growth retardation, and deficits in brain function. Most children with alcohol-induced prenatal deficits do not have this full syndrome, but, instead, they fall under the umbrella term of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). These disorders result from prenatal alcohol exposure, and the sequelae include specific neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders. 

Recent reports suggest that fetal alcohol spectrum disorders affect one out of 100 children born in the United States [ 2]. There have been numerous public health approaches to alerting women to the dangers of drinking during pregnancy—including warning labels appearing on alcoholic beverages in 1989 ( Box 1), and a US Surgeon General warning issued in 1981 (updated and reissued in 2005) urging women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant to abstain from alcohol ( http://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/pressreleases/sg02222005.html). Yet despite these warnings, alcohol use during pregnancy is common, with up to 50% of women of childbearing age consuming alcohol, 15%–20% acknowledging continuing to drink when pregnant, and one in 25 pregnant women reporting binge drinking [ 3, 4]. 


Box 1. Warning Labels on Alcohol
The Omnibus Drug Initiative Act of 1988 enacted by the US Congress required that all containers of alcoholic beverages produced for domestic consumption carry the following warning labels, effective November 19, 1989: “l. According to the Surgeon General, women should not drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy because of the risk of birth defects. 2. Consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and may cause health problems.”
Limitation of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Detection of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Brain Combining Intratumoral Hemorrhage
Authors: Junichi Miyamoto, Kei Owada, Hiroyasu Sasajima, Katsuyoshi Mineura
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

The present report demonstrates a case of a metastatic brain tumor from lung adenocarcinoma, which represented low accumulation of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET). Intratumoral hemorrhage was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and histological examination. The failure of blood circulation in the tumor due to the intratumoral hemorrhage was probably responsible for the low accumulation of FDG in the lesion, or the image contrast with surrounding brain tissue might become indistinct due to compression of the tumor caused by the intratumoral hemorrhage. Care should be taken regarding the tissue characterizations, such as intratumoral hemorrhage in interpretation of the results of FDG PET.
High rate of TTV infection in multitransfused patients with pediatric malignancy and hematological disorders
Authors: Miho Maeda, Hisamitsu Hamada, Akio Tsuda, Kiyoshi Kaneko, Yoshitaka Fukunaga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) infection has not been known in patients suffering from pediatric malignancies and hematological disorders who receive blood transfusion and/or blood products during treatment. Blood samples were taken from 75 patients. TTV infection was identified when TTV DNA was detected in serum by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA were also assayed by PCR. TTV DNA was detected in 38 of 75 patients (51%). In 4 of 38 patients, the amount of blood transfused was less than 3 units. By time since last transfusion, TTV DNA was detected in 12 of 35 patients after more than 4 years, 12 of 21 between 1 and 4 years, and 14 of 19 within 1 year. Six patients had mixed infection of TTV and HCV, and 12 patients had mixed infection of TTV and HGV. Three different kinds of virus were found simultaneously in serum from 3 patients. Eight out of 75 patients showed abnormal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (>40 IU/liter), and 3 of them had TTV DNA. All patients who had TTV DNA and elevated ALT levels also were positive for HCV RNA and HGV RNA. The prevalence of TTV infection is high in patients with pediatric malignancies and hematological disorders after episodes of blood transfusion. Transfusion is one of the most important risk factors for TTV infection regardless of the amount of blood transfused.
Social class and elective caesareans in the NHS: Dr Foster is cheap and offensive
Authors: John M Grant
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Dr Foster shows its ignorance of obstetrics in the article on social class and elective caesareans in the NHS.1 The authors imply that an “elective” caesarean section is performed solely at the request of the pregnant woman.

Traditionally an elective caesarean section is one carried out …
Unusually located lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia brasiliensis
Authors: W. NAKA, S. MIYAKAWA, H. NIIZEKI, T. FUKUDA, Y. MIKAMI, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary We report a patient with primary lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection affecting the face and left arm. The mode of infection was via skin abrasions which occurred 2 weeks prior to the development of the skin lesions. Treatment with intravenous minocycline for 4 weeks resulted in a cure. We also review 12 previously reported Japanese cases of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis.
Hematologic improvement in a patient with gaucher disease on long‐term enzyme replacement therapy: Evidence for decreased splenic sequestration and improved red blood cell survival
Authors: Robert I. Parker, Elizabeth J. Read, Norman W. Barton, Roscoe O. Brady
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We describe here an investigation of the hematologic response of a child with Gaucher disease to a six‐year therapeutic trial of human placental mannose‐terminated glucocerebrosidase. While on enzyme replacement therapy, the patient's hemoglobin and platelet count significantly increased (6.9 g/dl to 12.2 g/dl, and 39,000/γL to 74,000/γL, respectively). Over the same time interval his absolute reticulocyte count decreased (88.1 × 10 3 /γL to 31.5 × 10 3 /γL). The patient's splenic volume decreased by over 60% (2108ml to 797ml) and his bone marrow demonstrated a dramatic clearing of Gaucher cell infiltration. Serum erythropoietin levels were at the lower range of normal at points in time when he was severely anemic and did not change with improvement in hemoglobin. Coincident with the improvement in the patient's hemoglobin, in vivo survival of autologous radiolabeled RBCs increased 34%. The improved hematopoietic profile appeared to result primarily from an increase in the in vivo survival of mature hematopoietic elements secondary to a decrease in splenic sequestration. Improved marrow function secondary to the clearing of Gaucher cell infiltrates may also playa role in his improved hematologic status.
Intrauterine Rupture of Cord
Authors: G. Bancroft-Livingston
Journal: BMJ (1948)

BALANTIDIAL DYSENTERY MEDIBCRATS URNA4rnet with in diagnosis.The following case was discovered in the course of routine histological examinations in a military laboratory in Shillong, where large numbers of specimens were sent from units east of the Brahmaputra.Perusal of the laboratory records for a period of almost three years, in which time approximately 260 pieces of intestines had been examined, revealed no other instance of human balantidial ulceration.Case Report An Indian sepoy aged 30 was admitted to a military hospital in Assam on Oct. 21, 1944, with a two-day history of diarrhoea, with blood and mucus.On an average there were five or six motions a day.No previous history of dysentery or intestinal infection could be obtained.The patient's general condition was poor.He had slight pyrexia, and was markedly dehydrated.On examination he was tender over the caecum and pelvic colon.Microscopical examination of the -faeces showed an indefinite exudate in which no entamoebae, balantidia, cysts, or ova were seen.Bacteriological cultures failed to produce patho- genic organisms.On Oct. 22 his condition was worse.The diarrhoea was
Regulated expression of erythropoietin from an AAV vector safely improves the anemia of β-thalassemia in a mouse model
Authors: Julie Johnston, John Tazelaar, Victor M Rivera, Tim Clackson, Guang-Ping Gao, James M Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

In vivo gene transfer is being considered in the systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins. This report evaluates the use of AAV vectors administered into muscle to deliver erythropoietin (Epo) for the treatment of anemia in a mouse model of β-thalassemia. Injection of vector expressing Epo from a constitutive promoter resulted in Epo overproduction and improved erythropoiesis. However, severe and lethal polycythemia developed. In order to titrate the expression of Epo to therapeutic and non-toxic levels, vectors were constructed to allow pharmacologic control of Epo transcription. Specifically, expression of Epo was dependent on the presence of a chimeric transcription factor that is activated by the orally available small molecule drug rapamycin. β-thalassemic mice injected with vectors containing the regulated Epo gene failed to show any effect until they were administered a regimen of rapamycin, which led to the production of Epo and an increase in hematocrit values. Epo expression and its hematologic consequences were directly dependent on the dose of rapamycin and were completely reversed when rapamycin was withdrawn. The increase in hematocrit was associated with partial improvements in the abnormalities of red blood cell morphology. This study confirms the value of pharmacologic regulation of transgene expression in the development of safe and effective gene therapies in which biologically active secreted proteins are produced.
Acute hyperinsulinemia raises plasma interleukin-6 in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects, and this effect is inversely associated with body mass index
Authors: Toralph Ruge, J. Andrew Lockton, Frida Renstrom, Theodore Lystig, Valentina Sukonina, Maria K. Svensson, Jan W. Eriksson
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Regional diastolic coronary blood flow during diastolic ventricular hypertension
Authors: R. J. DOMENECH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The effect of diastolic ventricular hypertension on regional diastolic coronary flow was measured with radioactive microspheres in the canine heart paced at a constant rate and perfused only during diastole with a constant coronary perfusion pressure. Diastolic ventricular hypertension produced an homogenous increase of diastolic flow across the left ventricular wall when the metabolic coronary autoregulation was intact, but produced a decrease in subendocardial diastolic flow when the autoregulation was abolished. These results suggest that diastolic ventricular hypertension produces a higher subendocardial than subepicardial mechanical resistance to diastolic coronary flow.
Scoring system to improve cost effectiveness of open access endoscopy.
Authors: J Mann, G Holdstock, M Harman, D Machin, C A Loehry
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The introduction of an open access general practitioner endoscopy service may result in many unnecessary examinations being performed. In an attempt to prevent this, 235 patients attending for endoscopy were interviewed and the results analysed to determine which factors best discriminated between those with major disease (ulcers, cancers, oesophageal strictures; n = 48) and those without (n = 187). The six characteristics which best discriminated between the two groups were increasing age, history of vomiting, male sex, smoking, and a past history of peptic ulcer or hiatus hernia. With the use of these six features a scoring system was devised, designed to give an indication of the likelihood of finding such disease in an individual patient. This was assessed prospectively in a further 356 patients. The results showed that by utilising this scoring system it would be possible to reduce the number of examinations performed by 30% yet still detect 98% of serious disease. If confirmed in further prospective studies, this scoring system (or a modification) could more accurately assess individual priority for endoscopy and enable optimum use to be made of limited resources.
Systemic Hypoxia Elevates Skeletal Muscle Interstitial Adenosine Levels in Humans
Authors: Dave A. MacLean, Lawrence I. Sinoway, Urs Leuenberger
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Adenosine is a potent vasodilator that has been shown to increase in cardiac tissue in response to hypoxia. However, peripheral vasodilatation also occurs during hypoxia, and the vasoactive substance(s) responsible for skeletal muscle vasodilation have not yet been completely identified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure and quantify skeletal muscle interstitial adenosine during acute systemic hypoxia.Skeletal muscle interstitial adenosine concentrations were determined by the microdialysis technique, in which 4 semipermeable microdialysis probes were inserted into the vastus lateralis muscle of 6 healthy male subjects and perfused at a rate of 5 microL/min with Ringer's solution. Sixty minutes after the insertion of the microdialysis probes, systemic hypoxia was induced for 30 minutes by having the subjects breathe a mixture of 10.5% O2 in N2. Arterial oxygen saturation (fingertip oximeter) was lowered (P<0.05) from 96+/-0.7% to 74.9+/-1.4%, and forearm blood flow was increased 28%. During normoxia, the interstitial adenosine concentration was 0. 44+/-0.08 micromol/L, and it was increased to 1.03+/-0.15 (P<0.05) and 0.85+/-0.09 (P<0.05) after 15 and 30 minutes of hypoxia, respectively.These data are consistent with the concept that during acute systemic hypoxia, interstitial adenosine plays a key role in stimulating peripheral vasodilation.
Alan Hugh Dermot Large
Authors: D. Large
Journal: BMJ (2002)

General practitioner West Granton Medical Group, Edinburgh, 1950-85 (b Windsor 1920; q Edinburgh 1943; FRCGP), died from a cerebral tumour on 28 April 2002.


During his 35 years with the West Granton Medical Group, Alan played a key role in its development into one of Edinburgh's largest group practices. Under the leadership of the late Ekke Kuenssberg, the practice was in the van of the renaissance of British general 



practice with pioneering initiatives in the field of the “practice team” and practice management. Alan was a founder member of the College of General Practitioners. His garden was well known—particularly for its rhododendrons, of which it contained more than 100 different species. He leaves a wife, Anne; and two children.
An ethical dilemma. Who should be concerned?
Authors: K G Dickinson, A V Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

General practitioners screened 4284 asymptomatic people aged over 40 to compare the incidence of large bowel cancer and polyps with a control general practice (4288 patients). Compliance was best in young women (60%), and overall it was 42%. Twenty six patients who had a positive Haemoccult test result (1-5% of those screened) were examined by colonoscopy and 10 had polyps. The incidence of cancers in the two groups was similar but in the control (unscreened patients) practice no polyps were found.
An Address on SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF PAIN
Authors: E. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1930)

1AIN-is tie coninmonest symnptomn of disease; there is n1o .5sVlllpolml ia.oir.informa.tive to the p)ractitioller andI nonie .4ttilics1lhoiF Misleading; againi, thiere is i1o symll)tonll miore dlistres.s,ingto the pat ient and 10oie tllat so ofteii gixves ;., to l1lciltal llsc,clweptiolls.The .sub'ject of palin bristles with attractive problemiis, to ,saic of iiic'i onlys i.>it possible to refer.A ralmbling dis- cotnrs, x-with 1rfcrence to illuistrative eases, would appear to lie miore .Esnitil)le for-presenlt purposes tlhani a systemlatic di'-qui-sition.If, tsLn.n,certaill aspects of pain are dealt wvith in x'hat may appear to be a sketlhy an(l lhaphazard ntxiiner, nio apology is called for, sinCe it \will be tlhereby possible to cox-el a wvider fiel(l.What (lo we imiean by paini?Wh'lile the word is somnetimes used to express a state of mnental anguish or distress, it is commnionly applied to a rccoOIlized tylpe of bodily dis- co.fort.It is to paini in this sense that these remarkls refer.Here an,ain, how exer, it is to be remenlbered tl)at onle inidividual will describe as paiin a senisationi to wlielh anotler wzould niot app)ly tile telrin.Paini is indeed difficuilt to defiine, bIut sinice xx e all know whlat x-e iniea n wheni wie speak (If pa in, in the coi-0flon accel)tance of the word, a dcfillitio1l woultd appear to be unnecessary.Docs p)ain fulfil any us-eful purpose-is it, in other vords, of ainy economiiic vailtne ?If not, xlhy slhould the humiiilain race be cursed bv a symptomn ws lhich is tIme ca.use of so
SPECIALISM IN MEDICINE.
Authors: FREDERICK C. SHATTUCK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

When, under the influence of faulty metabolism or other cause, pessimism gets the better of us, we sometimes quote with approval the remark of Solomon the Wise, that there is nothing new under the sun, without reflecting that Solomon himself was probably not feeling his best at the moment. Something in his internal or large domestic economy had gone wrong, I suspect. Possibly he had to write an address! However, this may be, let us suppose him suddenly brought for a visit to one of our large cities. He would certainly find that advance in knowledge has brought about great change in our relation to things, be the things themselves never so ancient or immutable. Solomon was at the<i>fin</i>of his<i>siècle</i>, but the old sun looks down on a different world at the<i>fin</i>of this<i>siècle.</i>He could not fail to be impressed by the subdivision of
Acquired growth hormone resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: implications for therapy with growth hormone
Authors: Stefan D Anker, Maurizio Volterrani, Claus-Dieter Pflaum, Christian J Strasburger, Karl Josef Osterziel, Wolfram Doehner, Michael B Ranke, Philip A Poole-Wilson, Andrea Giustina, Rainer Dietz, Andrew J.S Coats
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
What Is the Future of Our Medical Literature?
Authors: George Majnarich
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A tremendous increase in useless, un-original, and non-contributing medical literature has been noted recently in this country. If this continues, we will soon need a special evaluating agency which will list papers according to their value and thus save our time. But this is not all! I have recently noticed another ridiculous phenomenon: the exact repetition of a paper with the same (or slightly modified) title and its simultaneous publication in three or more journals of the same specialty discipline. For example, there was a paper recently on "antrectomy and vagotomy" which was published in three different surgical journals, and possibly in some other journal which I just couldn't find the time to consult, at the same time, repeating almost every single word.