tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol as a cause of cancer.
Authors: D B Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This is a review of the epidemiologic literature on alcohol and risks of various cancers. Alcohol has consistently been related to risks of squamous cell carcinomas of the mouth, oral pharynx, larynx, and esophagus in multiple studies of varying design. The joint effects of alcohol and smoking are greater than additive, and are probably multiplicative, suggesting biological synergism. All major types of alcoholic beverages have been casually implicated in the genesis of these diseases. The influence of alcohol on risks of upper aerodigestive tract cancers may be greater in persons with marginal nutritional status than in better-nourished individuals. Alcohol also has been associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, gastro-esophageal junction, and gastric cardia, but the relationship is not as strong as for squamous cell esophageal carcinomas. Alcohol and tobacco account for over 80% of the squamous carcinomas of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus in the United States. Risks of cancers of the distal stomach, pancreas, colon, and rectum have not been consistently related to alcohol, although possible relationships between beer drinking and rectal cancer and between heavy use of alcohol and pancreatic cancer warrant further study. Studies of alcohol and liver cancer, in which the confounding influence of hepatitis B was considered, have yielded inconsistent results and should be replicated. An association between heavy alcohol use and breast cancer has been observed in most studies, even after controlling for known risk factors for breast cancer, and additional investigations of this issue are warranted.
Dissociation of Lung Function and Airway Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Thérèse S. Lapperre, Jiska B. Snoeck-Stroband, Margot M.E. Gosman, Jan Stolk, Jaap K. Sont, Désirée F. Jansen, Huib A.M. Kerstjens, Dirkje S. Postma, Peter J. Sterk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by progressive, irreversible airflow limitation and an inflammatory response of the lungs, usually to cigarette smoke. However, COPD is a heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical, physiologic, and pathologic presentation. We aimed to evaluate whether airflow limitation, airway responsiveness, and airway inflammation are separate entities underlying the pathophysiology of COPD by using factor analysis. A total of 114 patients (99 males/15 females, age 62 +/- 8 years, 42 pack-years smoking, no inhaled or oral steroids > 6 months) with irreversible airflow limitation (postbronchodilator FEV(1) 63 +/- 9% predicted, FEV(1)/inspiratory vital capacity [IVC] 48 +/- 9%) and symptoms of chronic bronchitis or dyspnea were studied in a cross-sectional design. Postbronchodilator FEV(1) and FEV(1)/IVC, reversibility to inhaled beta(2)-agonists, diffusing capacity, provocative concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% drop in FEV(1), total serum IgE, exhaled nitric oxide, and induced sputum cell counts (% eosinophils, % neutrophils) were collected. Factor analysis yielded 4 separate factors that accounted for 63.6% of the total variance. Factor 1 was comprised of FEV(1), FEV(1)/IVC, and residual volume/total lung capacity. Factor 2 included reversibility, IgE, provocative concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% drop in FEV(1,) and diffusing capacity. Factor 3 contained exhaled nitric oxide and factor 4 included sputum % neutrophils and % eosinophils. We conclude that airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and features commonly associated with asthma are separate and largely independent factors in the pathophysiology of COPD.
The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System.
Authors: Charles E. Rosenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Reviewsthan these numbers would indicate.In contrast to Great Britain and the United States, scientific criticism of eugenic claims was rare in Canada, and it was only the rise of Nazism and the horrific revelations of the Second World War that effectively brought eugenics into disrepute, as it did in most other countries.
Remission of Recalcitrant Dermatomyositis Treated with Ruxolitinib
Authors: Thorsten Hornung, Viktor Janzen, Franz-Josef Heidgen, Dominik Wolf, Thomas Bieber, Joerg Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Replies: I agree with Brodzik et al. about the role of H. pylori infection in inducing refractory iron deficiency.When there is no response to oral iron supplementation, patients should be screened for infection. 1 Although there are no prospective data to prove that PPI use leads to iron deficiency, the need for this therapy should be reevaluated in patients with iron deficiency.I also strongly agree with the comments of Aviner et al. regarding the detrimental effect of iron deficiency in infants and toddlers.Their letter reinforces the concept that replete iron stores are beneficial across all age groups.Differentiating between iron deficiency and thalassemia as causes of anemia is important,
Regulation of renal sodium calcium exchange by PTH: alteration with age.
Authors: C T Liang, H Hanai, M Ishida, L Cheng, B Sacktor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Parathyroid hormone, when incubated with renal cells acting in vivo and in vitro, increased Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity. The effect of parathyroid hormone was specific for biologically active analogs and could be mimicked by cAMP and forskolin. Parathyroid hormone-sensitive Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity was markedly blunted in cells from senescent rats. Parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase was also decreased in aging. In contrast, forskolin-stimulated Na(+)-dependent Ca2+ efflux and adenylate cyclase did not change with senescence. Decrease of PTH binding sites was observed in cells from old rats. Further, cells from 24-month-old rats had decreased Gs and Gi proteins, as detected by ADP-ribosylation. Since serum iPTH level was elevated in the old rat and could contribute to the desensitization to PTH, we tested this hypothesis by comparing sham-operated and PTX animals. The decreases in PTH-sensitive Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity and adenylate cyclase activity in cells from 24-month-old rats could be completely negated by parathyroidectomy. Decrease in PTH binding sites and contents of Gs and Gi in cells from aged-rats was partially negated by the surgery. In conclusion, our results suggested that the age related blunting in responses of renal cells to PTH was due, at least in part, to the elevated serum iPTH level in old rats.
Accuracy of a Single Fecal Occult Blood Test in Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Robert C. Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters2 August 2005Accuracy of a Single Fecal Occult Blood Test in Screening for Colorectal CancerRobert C. Kane, MDRobert C. Kane, MDFrom Nokomis, FL 34275.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the study by Collins and colleagues (1), the initial group of 3100 became 2600 analytic case-patients. Some of these may represent nonadherent patients who did not complete the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) process. The authors should have used the intention-to-study population for the denominator. Second, clinicians may be performing the single FOBT with the rectal examination yearly. Thus, this study might also have considered the question, “How does the health outcome of a single FOBT test (6 samples) compare with 6 annual rectal examinations including a single FOBT test each year?” Given that these were ...Reference1. Collins JF, Lieberman DA, Durbin TE, Weiss DG. Accuracy of screening for fecal occult blood on a single stool sample obtained by digital rectal examination: a comparison with recommended sampling practice. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:81-5. [PMID: 15657155] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Nokomis, FL 34275.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAccuracy of Screening for Fecal Occult Blood on a Single Stool Sample Obtained by Digital Rectal Examination: A Comparison with Recommended Sampling Practice Judith F. Collins , David A. Lieberman , Theodore E. Durbin , David G. Weiss , and Metrics 2 August 2005Volume 143, Issue 3Page: 235KeywordsCancer screeningColonoscopyColorectal cancerConflicts of interestHematologic tests ePublished: 2 August 2005 Issue Published: 2 August 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are increased in patients with acute coronary ischemia
Authors: Robert E. Federici, Joseph A. Puma, William A. Baker, Steven E. Heame, Donald F. Fortin, Linda K. Shaw, Michael H. Sketch, Richard S. Stack, Robert M. Califf, Kevin G. Peters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Genetic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jorge R. Oksenberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the role of candidate genes in the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) and describe the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements in the MS brain lesion in identifying a major target of the immune response in this disease. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —MEDLINE, bibliography review of published data, and unpublished studies. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Published studies using novel molecular approaches to analyze the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and TCR gene complexes, as well as other candidate genes, in susceptibility to MS. We analyze epigenetic events involving TCR genes in individuals with MS and describe recent clinical trials in which immunotherapy has been attempted. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Consistent with a polygenic model for disease predisposition, MHC and TCR gene associations with MS are relatively weak. Despite intensive research, no other putative "MS genes" have been firmly established. The analysis of TCR rearrangements in the brain lesion has helped to identify a major target of the immune response in MS. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Understanding the genetic basis for autoimmune demyelination will offer new possibilities for the treatment of this illness. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2362-2369)
Treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis induces anticardiolipin antibodies
Authors: T Jonsdottir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the frequency and clinical impact of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and etanercept. <b>Methods:</b> 121 patients from the Stockholm tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) follow up registry (STURE) treated with infliximab or etanercept were studied. <b>Results:</b> At baseline 9/65 (14%) infliximab and 10/56 (18%) etanercept treated patients had positive aCL. After 3 months the frequencies of aCL positivity were 29% (p&lt;0.05 compared with baseline) and 27%, respectively, and after 6 months 28% and 25%. Increases were seen for both IgG and IgM aCL. Increasing age, a higher number of prior DMARDs, and higher DAS28 were predictors for the development of aCL. In the infliximab treated patients, 26/30 (87%) aCL(−) but only 7/14 (50%) aCL(+) patients met the ACR20 criteria (p&lt;0.05), and the frequency of treatment limiting infusion reactions in the aCL(+) patients was higher than expected (17%). aCL positivity in the etanercept treated patients did not show such a clinical correlate. Four patients had thromboembolic events, of whom two were aCL(+) and two aCL(−). <b>Conclusion:</b> Frequencies of both IgM and IgG aCL positivity increase in patients treated with these TNFα antagonists for 3 months or longer. Increasing age, a greater number of prior DMARDs and a greater disease activity at baseline are predictors for the development of aCL. The development of aCL during treatment with infliximab, but not etanercept, is associated with worse clinical results and more frequent serious infusion reactions. aCL are an important class of autoantibodies associated with TNFα blocking therapy.
BLUE RUBBER BLEB NEVUS SYNDROME (BRBNS): IMPORTANCIA DEL TRATAMIENTO ENDOSCÓPICO AGRESIVO
Authors: J Poza Cordón, M Ramírez Piqueras, JC López Gutiérrez, JM Suárez de Parga, L Adán Merino, JD Escobedo Franco, E Martín Arránz, M Jaquotot Herranz, L Casanova Martínez, JM Segura Cabral
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introducción: El síndrome de Bean (BRBNS) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, que aparece en la edad pediátrica, caracterizada por la proliferación de múltiples malformaciones vasculares cutáneas y gastrointestinales, siendo estas últimas las que condicionan, habitualmente, el pronóstico del paciente. La afectación gastrointestinal varía desde pocas lesiones hasta cientos de ellas. Por ello, puede presentarse desde una anemia ferropénica hasta una hemorragia digestiva masiva. Otras complicaciones son la intususpección, el vólvulo y el infarto intestinal. Nuestro objetivo es valorar las opciones terapéuticas de la afectación intestinal, en función de nuestra experiencia.
Experimental Observations ON THE ANTISEPTIC ACTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID AND ITS APPLICATION TO WOUND TREATMENT
Authors: J. L. Smith, A. M. Drennan, T. Rettie, W. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1915)

From the Departmleint of Pathology, University of Edinburgh.)rLTIIE primlary object of the following investigation was to find an antiseptic wlliclh could be applied as a first dressing in tle field to prevent sepsis.The ideal antiseptic for the type of infection whlichl :)ccurs ina wou£id' received in the field must possess the oower of rapidly destroying spores as well as ordinary .:acterialforms.Tljere are two chllief laboratory metlhods 3f inivestigating the action of antiseptics: HINTS ON WAR SURGERY.
Cerebral Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Epileptic and Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: MICHAEL J. BLEND, OVIDIO A. DE LEóN, THOMAS H. JOBE, QING LIN, JERRY J. SYCHRA, MOISÉS GAVIRIA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Patients with epileptic and nonepileptic seizures are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and they can pose a difficult diagnostic problem. We present two cases that show the difficult task of differentiating between true epileptic and nonepileptic or psychogenic seizures in some patients. The clinical presentations were complex and the use of video-monitored EEG alone was insufficient to make definitive diagnoses. Ictal and interictal Tc-99m HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT imaging examinations were used to help establish the correct diagnoses. This report describes the advantage of using the brain perfusion SPECT imaging examination. The injection of stabilized Tc-99m HMPAO during an ictal event followed by appropriate medical therapy provides a method of obtaining a reasonable image of relative perfusion (activity) during the seizure. These images can then be compared with interictal examinations and an epileptic or nonepileptic focus may be localized. The Tc-99m HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT imaging study was helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis in both cases.
An investigation into the incidence of auto-immune disorders in patients with localized morphoea
Authors: CHRISTINE I. HARRINGTON, I.R. DUNSMORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Patients with localized morphoea have an increased incidence of auto-immune disorders, but this is not related to the age of onset, duration of disease nor the site or number of lesions. The patients have an increased incidence of tissue antibodies and these are more common when more than one lesion is present. The relatives of the patients have also been found to have an increased incidence of auto-immune disorders. These findings suggest an immunological basis for the disease and indicate that the patients should be investigated and followed up to detect the evidence of other auto-immune disorders.
Human plasma kallikrein releases neutrophil elastase during blood coagulation.
Authors: Y T Wachtfogel, U Kucich, H L James, C F Scott, M Schapira, M Zimmerman, A B Cohen, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Elastase is released from human neutrophils during the early events of blood coagulation. Human plasma kallikrein has been shown to stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation, and oxygen consumption. Therefore, the ability of kallikrein to release neutrophil elastase was investigated. Neutrophils were isolated by dextran sedimentation, and elastase release was measured by both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an enzymatic assay using t-butoxy-carbonyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-amino methyl coumarin as the substrate. Kallikrein, 0.1-1.0 U/ml, (0.045-0.45 microM), was incubated with neutrophils that were preincubated with cytochalasin B (5 micrograms/ml). The release of elastase was found to be proportional to the kallikrein concentration. Kallikrein released a maximum of 34% of the total elastase content, as measured by solubilizing the neutrophils in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A series of experiments was carried out to determine if kallikrein was a major enzyme involved in neutrophil elastase release during blood coagulation. When 10 million neutrophils were incubated in 1 ml of normal plasma in the presence of 30 mM CaCl2 for 90 min, 2.75 micrograms of elastase was released. In contrast, neutrophils incubated in prekallikrein-deficient or Factor XII-deficient plasma released less than half of the elastase, as compared with normal plasma. The addition of purified prekallikrein to prekallikrein-deficient plasma restored neutrophil elastase release to normal levels. Moreover, release of elastase was enhanced in plasma deficient in C1-inhibitor, the major plasma inhibitor of kallikrein. This release was not dependent upon further steps in the coagulation pathway, or on C5a, since levels of elastase, released in Factor XI- or C5-deficient plasma, were similar to that in normal plasma, and an antibody to C5 failed to inhibit elastase release. These data suggest that kallikrein may be a major enzyme responsible for the release of elastase during blood coagulation.
P363 ENHANCED LIVER FIBROSIS SCORE PREDICTS TRANSPLANT-FREE SURVIVAL IN PSC INDEPENDENTLY OF THE MAYO RISK SCORE
Authors: M. Vesterhus, J.R. Hov, A. Holm, E. Schrumpf, K. Godang, I.M. Andersen, S. Næss, H. Røsjø, M. Vatn, O.H. Gilja, F. Lund-Johansen, C.Y. Ponsioen, M. Färkkila, B. Moum, T. Ueland, K.M. Boberg, T.H. Karlsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Phorbol ester‐induced hairy cell features on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro
Authors: Ayad Ai‐Katib, Chang Yi Wang, Susan McKenzie, Bayard D. Clarkson, Benjamin Koziner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Leukemic cells from eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were isolated and cultured in the continuous presence of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) at a concentration of 1.6 × 10 −9 M for 4–10 days. Aliquots of cells were then analyzed at intervals of 24–72 hr for changes in morphology, acid phosphatase staining (AP), and expression of two hairy cell‐associated surface antigens, HCL1 (CD22, Leu 14) and HCL3 (CD11c, Leu M5). All cases studied showed typical B‐CLL phenotype, and only a small proportion of cells expressed CD22 and CD11c (mean 7% and 4.9%, respectively). TPA treatment induced the coexpression of CD22 (mean 49%) and CD11c (mean 48%) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase in seven of eight cases. Morphologically, cells in TPA cultures expressed hairy cell features that were evident in light and electron microscopic studies. Collectively these changes indicate that TPA can induce hairy cell features on CLL cells in vitro, suggesting the later maturational stage of HCL compared with CLL. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV prevalence in US capital is at epidemic level
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The prevalence of HIV infection in Washington, DC, is at least 3% among people aged over 12 years, as high as that in several African countries, a report by the District of Columbia’s health department says.

But prevalence is rising because of earlier detection and better treatment, so that people are living longer. The rate of new infections is falling. 

A rate of 1% or more is classified as an epidemic by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The true prevalence may actually be higher, the report from the Washington Health Department says, because studies indicate that a third to a half of those …
ANABOLIC EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF A FRAGMENT OF HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE SKELETON IN POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: J. Reeve, R. Hesp, D. Williams, Patricia Hulme, L. Klenerman, JoanM. Zanelli, A.J. Darby, G.W. Tregear, J.A. Parsons
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Urine Screens in Monitoring Methadone Programs-Reply
Authors: Edward Gottheil
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Shoemaker and Sideman apparently feel that we were overly severe in our appraisal of the fallibility of urine drug screens. They recommend that those seeking laboratory services select facilities with established reputations for excellence and require information regarding their scores on proficiency tests. Furthermore, they point out that several states have established licensing, approval, and regulatory procedures which go beyond and are more effective than those of the CDC. Actually, the laboratories evaluated in our study had excellent reputations, received consistently outstanding CDC ratings, and were situated in one of the states they mentioned. Even under these circumstances, the level of accuracy obtained was entirely unacceptable. What level of accuracy should we expect, then, from laboratories of lesser reputation situated in less regulated states?  They suggest that on-site proficiency  to observe how samples are analyzed approaches blind testing in effectiveness. At the same time, they have no
Rapid poisoning with slow-release potassium.
Authors: R N Illingworth, A T Proudfoot
Journal: BMJ (1980)

and carboxyhaemoglobin wras 0 98 (n 182) for the normal smokers (standard error of estimate of carboxyhaemoglobin from a given EGO was 0 76 ,) and 0-92 (n 35) for the patients with emphysema (figure).The slopes of the twso regression lincs were significantly different (F 5-8; df 33, 180; p<0001).A stepwise multiple rcgression analysis of the data from the normal smokers showed, in addition to the linear ECO component, a significant quadratic ECO component and a significant age componcnt.
Spatial position and perceived color of objects
Authors: Romi Nijhawan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Visual percepts are called veridical when a “real” object can be identified as their cause, and illusions otherwise. The perceived position and color of a flashed object may be called veridical or illusory depending on which viewpoint one adopts. Since “reality” is assumed to be fixed (independent of viewpoint) in the definition of veridicality (or illusion), this suggests that “perceived” position and color are not properties of “real” objects.