tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ronald Carl Alan Pearson
Authors: E. Michael
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Ronald Carl Alan Pearson (“Carl”) encompassed during his medical career a diversity of research, teaching, and clinical experience in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Tanzania.

He was born and educated in the north of England, where his father was a general practitioner for a small colliery village. The family was very medically biased, and, although initially attracted to law, Carl changed to medicine after A level studies in the humanities, when he found he was being excluded from family conversations about medicine. He passed the 1st MB examination at St Thomas’s Hospital and then went up to Trinity College, Oxford, in October 1971, to read physiological sciences. Early on in his medical studies, he developed a passionate interest in the function of the brain, which was encouraged by his tutor in neuroanatomy, Dr T P S Powell. In his final year, with some temerity, he approached Dr Powell to enquire about the possibility of delaying clinical studies to enrol for a research degree in neuroanatomy and was gratified to be awarded an MRC postgraduate research studentship.

There followed a rigorous three years’ training in traditional research methods in neuroanatomy, with a series of papers and culminating in the award of the degree of DPhil. On entry into clinical medical studies in Oxford in 1977, he took to clinical work and patient contact with alacrity, enjoying immensely all opportunities to talk to patients. Contemporaries at Oxford will probably remember him best of all, however, immersed in a game of bridge in Osler House, chuckling wickedly over a winning hand, and for his portrayal of Dr Sidney Truelove, the eminent physician, to whom Carl bore an uncanny resemblance, at the medical student Tyngewick pantomime of 1979.

He loved clinical …
ROS generated by pollen NADPH oxidase provide a signal that augments antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Istvan Boldogh, Attila Bacsi, Barun K. Choudhury, Nilesh Dharajiya, Rafeul Alam, Tapas K. Hazra, Sankar Mitra, Randall M. Goldblum, Sanjiv Sur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Pollen exposure induces allergic airway inflammation in sensitized subjects. The role of antigenic pollen proteins in the induction of allergic airway inflammation is well characterized, but the contribution of other constituents in pollen grains to this process is unknown. Here we show that pollen grains and their extracts contain intrinsic NADPH oxidases. The pollen NADPH oxidases rapidly increased the levels of ROS in lung epithelium as well as the amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in airway-lining fluid. These oxidases, as well as products of oxidative stress (such as GSSG and 4-HNE) generated by these enzymes, induced neutrophil recruitment to the airways independent of the adaptive immune response. Removal of pollen NADPH oxidase activity from the challenge material reduced antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation, the number of mucin-containing cells in airway epithelium, and antigen-specific IgE levels in sensitized mice. Furthermore, challenge with Amb a 1, the major antigen in ragweed pollen extract that does not possess NADPH oxidase activity, induced low-grade allergic airway inflammation. Addition of GSSG or 4-HNE to Amb a 1 challenge material boosted allergic airway inflammation. We propose that oxidative stress generated by pollen NADPH oxidases (signal 1) augments allergic airway inflammation induced by pollen antigen (signal 2).
NIH consulting ban a matter of ethics
Authors: Stacie Bloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

After months of deliberation, NIH director Elias A. Zerhouni formally announced on February 1, 2005, that federal scientists would be prohibited from consulting for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies, as well as for any research institute that receives funding from the NIH. The new rules, which are expected to be put into effect quickly, also limit NIH researchers' stock investments in drug and biotech companies to $15,000 and earnings from prizes and honorariums to only $200. 

The guidelines on consulting and accepting speaking fees were made liberal in the 1990s when former NIH director Harold Varmus was at the helm. Varmus encouraged outside consulting with the goal of recruiting better scientists to the NIH. But this policy drew widespread criticism for presenting researchers with potential conflicts of interest. In some cases, NIH employees accepted exorbitant, and perhaps unethical, consulting fees.

The new guidelines have brought about mixed reactions from the research community. Some argue that the rules put federal scientists at a disadvantage compared with their academic colleagues, many of whom engage in outside pursuits to boost their salaries and promote scientific discovery. They also fear this will discourage good scientists from working for the NIH. Supporters of the plan feel that these rules are needed to ensure the public's trust in the NIH and that they will not negatively affect scientific exchange. Of course, NIH collaboration with academia and industry is critical to the advancement of science and for bench-to-bedside translation of research. The impact of the new regulations on NIH recruitment and interaction with external colleagues will be monitored as these guidelines are implemented.
THYROID FEEDING IN OBESITY.
Authors: A. W. SHERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Physiologists are agreed that obesity is due to a perverted nutrition, and that this perversion is due to many different causes, the chief of which is heredity. It is a difficult matter to determine just where it begins and healthy nutrition ceases; but soon after the boundary line is passed we observe several concomitant ailments which are closely associated with obesity, viz., anemia, weak circulation, scanty menstruation and sterility. History shows that obesity, sterility and amenorrhea have always been associated. Hippocrates observed that "enormous fulness of woman is responsible for their frequent sterility, and their slaves, who are lean, conceive as soon as they have connection with men." The indolent habits and rich diet of the wealthy favor obesity and sterility, while the hardships and privations of the poorer classes favor leaness and large families. Under normal conditions about one-twentieth of the weight of the human body is made up
Comparison of Methods to Diagnose Sarcoidosis
Authors: Karan Madan, Randeep Guleria
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UK universities agree protocol for tobacco company funding
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

UK universities and the charity Cancer Research UK have signed a joint protocol on good practice for universities on the issue of funding of research by the tobacco industry.

The joint protocol acknowledges that it is up to individual universities to decide what research funds to accept, when to accept or reject an offer of funds, and what work should take place in its facilities. It agrees, however, that universities “will consider carefully” whether to accept funding from any source “if to do so would be potentially …
Exercise training in recently hospitalized heart failure patients enrolled in a disease management programme: design of the EJECTION-HF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alison M. Mudge, Charles P. Denaro, Adam C. Scott, John J. Atherton, Deborah E. Meyers, Thomas H. Marwick, Julie A. Adsett, Robert W. Mullins, Jessica M. Suna, Paul A. Scuffham, Peter K. O'Rourke
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Significance of IgG and IgM HCV antibody secretion in vitro in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Correlation with disease activity and response to interferon-α
Authors: Hanns Löhr, Christopher Nagel, Hans-Peter Dienes, Barry Simpson, Gerd Michel, Bernd Goergen, Karl-Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Guido Gerken
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatitis C virus antibodies are found in the serum of most patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, the significance of the humoral response is still uncertain. In this study, in vitro IgG and IgM anti-hepatitis C virus secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C was analyzed. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from 21 of 36 patients (58.3%) secreted IgG anti-hepatitis C virus in vitro , as demonstrated with anti-hepatitis C virus—specific enzyme immunoassays and recombinant immunoblot assays. Ten of the 36 patients (27.8%) showed both IgG and IgM anti-hepatitis C virus core in vitro. In 9 of these 10 patients, IgM anti-hepatitis C virus was also detected in serum. Patients with in vitro IgM or IgG anti-hepatitis C virus secretion had higher ALT levels in serum than did patients without such secretion in vitro (99.5 ± 22.1 and 85.6 ± 34.4 vs. 38.1 ± 37.4 U/L; p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, with a histology activity score it was demonstrated that patients with in vitro IgM or IgG HCV antibodies (or both) had more severe chronic active hepatitis than did patients without in vitro hepatitis C virus antibody secretion (p &lt; 0.01). To analyze the therapy outcome, we included in this study 18 patients who had received interferon-α previously. Seven of eight in vitro hepatitis C virus antibody—positive patients were nonresponders, whereas the in vitro hepatitis C virus antibody—negative patients were mostly complete therapy responders (8 of 10). The follow-up study of eight patients with chronic hepatitis C after the beginning of therapy revealed that interferon-α decreases the in vitro humoral response to hepatitis C virus in treatment responders. In conclusion, this study demonstrates (a) in vitro secretion of IgG and IgM hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C, (b) that higher disease activity and persistent hepatitis C virus replication may be associated with ongoing antibody production in vitro and (c) in vitro antibody production seems to correlate negatively with the response of patients to antiviral treatment with interferon-α. (Hepatology 1994;20:1383-1389).
Endothelin receptor antagonism prevents hypoxia-induced mortality and morbidity in a mouse model of sickle-cell disease
Authors: Nathalie Sabaa, Lucia de Franceschi, Philippe Bonnin, Yves Castier, Giorgio Malpeli, Haythem Debbabi, Ariane Galaup, Micheline Maier-Redelsperger, Sophie Vandermeersch, Aldo Scarpa, Anne Janin, Bernard Levy, Robert Girot, Yves Beuzard, Christophe Leboeuf, Annie Henri, Stéphane Germain, Jean-Claude Dussaule, Pierre-Louis Tharaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) suffer from tissue damage and life-threatening complications caused by vasoocclusive crisis (VOC). Endothelin receptors (ETRs) are mediators of one of the most potent vasoconstrictor pathways in mammals, but the relationship between vasoconstriction and VOC is not well understood. We report here that pharmacological inhibition of ETRs prevented hypoxia-induced acute VOC and organ damage in a mouse model of SCD. An in vivo ultrasonographic study of renal hemodynamics showed a substantial increase in endothelin-mediated vascular resistance during hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced VOC. This increase was reversed by administration of the dual ETR antagonist (ETRA) bosentan, which had pleiotropic beneficial effects in vivo. It prevented renal and pulmonary microvascular congestion, systemic inflammation, dense rbc formation, and infiltration of activated neutrophils into tissues with subsequent nitrative stress. Bosentan also prevented death of sickle-cell mice exposed to a severe hypoxic challenge. These findings in mice suggest that ETRA could be a potential new therapy for SCD, as it may prevent acute VOC and limit organ damage in sickle-cell patients.
Family study of antipyrine clearance.
Authors: P G Blain, J C Mucklow, P Wood, D F Roberts, M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Antipyrine clearance was measured in 208 healthy volunteers from 78 families. After the values had been corrected for weight and sex, antipyrine clearance was observed to be significantly correlated between siblings (r = 0.590) and between spouses (r = 0.320), but not between parents and their offspring. After the clearance values had been corrected for tobacco and oral contraceptive use, there was still no significant correlation between parents and offspring. These results are incompatible with the hypothesis that antipyrine clearance is primarily determined by genetic factors and indicate that environmental influences predominate.
At King Arthur's Court
Authors: Fred L. Coe
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic Amyloidosis With Portal Hypertension
Authors: John P. Kapp
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ALTHOUGH there are several reported cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with amyloidosis, standard texts state that portal hypertension with esophageal varices rarely, if ever, occurs. This report concerns a patient with both amyloid disease and portal hypertension, and illustrates several of the problems seen in the treatment of such patients. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This Negro male farmer was 46 years old at the time of his admission in 1960 for evaluation of asymptomatic hepatomegaly. Examination showed the liver edge to be at the level of the umbilicus (14 cm below the right costal margin). The liver was firm and was not tender. Moderate left lobe enlargement was noted, and the hepatic notch was easily felt. A soft systolic murmur was heard at the cardiac apex. Findings from physical examination were otherwise normal. The routine laboratory and liver-function studies are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Bone-marrow study showed
Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 loss in metastatic human prostate cancer contributes to androgen-independent progression
Authors: Christos N. Papandreou, Badar Usmani, Yiping Geng, Thomas Bogenrieder, Ronald Freeman, Sherwin Wilk, Connie L. Finstad, Victor E. Reuter, C. Thomas Powell, David Scheinberg, Catherine Magill, Howard I. Scher, Anthony P. Albino, David M. Nanus
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Squamous carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus in malabsorption syndrome.
Authors: J. T. Wright, P. C. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Urinary Infection-Arthur and Wilson MEDICAJRIrOMNAL Continued follow-up as an outpatient has shown no evidence of further urinary infection, and liver-function tests nine months later showed serum bilirubin 0.5 mg./100 ml., thymol turbidity 3 units, zinc sulphate 4 units, with a moderately elevated alkaline phosphatase of 34 K.A. units.
A Signaling Pathway Mediating Downregulation of BCL6 in Germinal Center B Cells Is Blocked by BCL6 Gene Alterations in B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Masumichi Saito, Jie Gao, Katia Basso, Yukiko Kitagawa, Paula M. Smith, Govind Bhagat, Alessandra Pernis, Laura Pasqualucci, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
What We Learned About Voluntariness and Consent: Incorporating “Background Situations” and Understanding Into Analyses
Authors: Dorcas Kamuya, Vicki Marsh, Sassy Molyneux
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Nelson and colleagues (2011) provide a thought-provoking theoretical model for voluntariness that they suggest will be useful “for the concept and requirements of voluntary informed consent in biom...
Abrupt vessel closure after directional coronary atherectomy
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, Eric J. Topol, Tomoaki Hinohara, Cass A. Pinkerton, Donald S. Baim, Spencer B. King, David R. Holmes, Patrick L. Whitlow, Dean J. Kereiakes, Geoffrey O. Hartzler, Kenneth M. Kent, Stephen G. Ellis, John B. Simpson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
975-80 Clinical Application of Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Laser Stereolithography: Effect of Leaflet Funnel Geometry on the Coefficient of Orifice Contraction in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Dan Gilon, Edward G. Cape, Mark D. Handschumacher, Lang Jiang, Charles Sears, Joan Solheim, Eleanor Morris, John T. Strobel, Arthur E. Weyman, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
US centre spells out how new organisations will provide care for Medicare patients
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is trying to reduce fragmentation in and improve the quality of healthcare by using a new type of institution, “accountable care organisations,” to provide care under current healthcare reform legislation. 

The centre released draft guidelines at the end of March explaining their role. It said, “An ACO [accountable care organisation] will assume responsibility for the care of a clearly defined population of Medicare beneficiaries attributed to it on the basis of their patterns of use of primary care.”

The centre is also putting in place financial incentives for these bodies to keep costs down. “If an ACO succeeds in …
Penicillin for acute sore throat in children: randomised, double blind trial
Authors: S. Zwart
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>To assess the effectiveness of penicillin for three days and treatment for seven days compared with placebo in resolving symptoms in children with sore throat. <b>Design</b>Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>43 family practices in the Netherlands <b>Participants</b>156 children aged 4-15 who had a sore throat for less than seven days and at least two of the four Centor criteria (history of fever, absence of cough, swollen tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, and tonsillar exudate). <b>Interventions</b>Patients were randomly assigned to penicillin for seven days, penicillin for three days followed by placebo for four days, or placebo for seven days. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Duration of symptoms, mean consumption of analgesics, number of days of absence from school, occurrence of streptococcal sequelae, eradication of the initial pathogen, and recurrences of sore throat after six months. <b>Results</b> Penicillin treatment was not more beneficial than placebo in resolving symptoms of sore throat, neither in the total group nor in the 96 children with group A streptococci. In the groups randomised to seven days of penicillin, three days of penicillin, or placebo, one, two, and eight children, respectively, experienced a streptococcal sequela <b>Conclusion</b> Penicillin treatment had no beneficial effect in children with sore throat on the average duration of symptoms. Penicillin may, however, reduce streptococcal sequelae.
Kielin/chordin-like protein, a novel enhancer of BMP signaling, attenuates renal fibrotic disease
Authors: Jingmei Lin, Sanjeevkumar R Patel, Xu Cheng, Eun Ah Cho, Inna Levitan, Matthew Ullenbruch, Sem H Phan, John M Park, Gregory R Dressler
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Apparent Half-Lives of Hepta- to Decabrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Serum as Determined in Occupationally Exposed Workers
Authors: Kaj Thuresson, Peter Höglund, Lars Hagmar, Andreas Sjödin, Åke Bergman, Kristina Jakobsson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The aim of the present study was to model apparent serum half-lives of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with 7-10 bromine substituents. Workers with occupational exposure to PBDEs have elevated serum levels of PBDEs, but these substances are also found in the general population and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The calculations were based on exposure assessments of rubber workers (manufactured flame-retarded rubber compound) and electronics dismantlers who donated blood during a period with no work-related exposures to PBDEs, and referents without any known occupational exposure (clerks, cleaners, and abattoir workers). The workers had previously been found to have elevated levels of high- and medium-brominated diphenyl ethers compared with the referent populations. We performed nonlinear mixed-effects modeling of kinetics, using data from previous and present chemical analyses. The calculated apparent half-life for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was 15 days (95% confidence interval, 11-18 days). The three nona-BDEs and four octa-BDE congeners were found to have half-lives of 18-39 and 37-91 days, respectively. BDE-209 has a short half-life in human blood. Because BDE-209 is commonly present in humans in general, the results of this study imply that humans must be more or less continuously exposed to BDE-209 to sustain the serum concentrations observed. BDE-209 is more readily transformed and/or eliminated than are lower brominated diphenyl ether congeners, and human health risk must be assessed accordingly.
Minimum information about a bioactive entity (MIABE)
Authors: Sandra Orchard, Bissan Al-Lazikani, Steve Bryant, Dominic Clark, Elizabeth Calder, Ian Dix, Ola Engkvist, Mark Forster, Anna Gaulton, Michael Gilson, Robert Glen, Martin Grigorov, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Lee Harland, Andrew Hopkins, Christopher Larminie, Nick Lynch, Romeena K. Mann, Peter Murray-Rust, Elena Lo Piparo, Christopher Southan, Christoph Steinbeck, David Wishart, Henning Hermjakob, John Overington, Janet Thornton
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2011)