tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDA Updates Gleevec Label for GIST Patients
Authors: C. Schmidt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

were misidentifi ed as leiomyosarcomas, which don ’ t respond to chemotherapy; survival rates generally didn ’ t exceed 10% by 30 months after diagnosis, according to Heinrich. Scientists now know that roughly 95% of GIST cases involve kit mutations. Connecting GIST to the kit gene was pivotal because imatinib — developed initially against bcr-abl mutations in chronic myelogenous leukemia — also hits kit as an unintended target. Today, 65% – 70% of imatinib-treated GIST patients are alive at 30 months, Heinrich said. The fi rst GIST patient treated with imatinib was a Finnish woman with metastatic disease. She had family connections to Novartis executives, who gave her the drug. Known only as “patient zero,” she achieved a miraculous response, according to Norman Scherzer, executive director of the Life Raft Group, a GIST advocacy group, in Wayne, N.J. So in 2000, Heinrich, together with Jonathan Fletcher, M.D., and George DeMitri, M.D., both from the Dana – Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, followed up with a phase II study of imatinib in 147 patients with metastatic disease. Among them was Scherzer ’ s wife, Anita, who still takes imatinib. Like patient zero, most of these individuals achieved dramatic responses, prompting the FDA to grant accelerated
Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: evaluation of a pilot programme in a district hospital in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Freddy Perez, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Tarisai Mukotekwa, Anna Miller, Monica Glenshaw, Agnes Mahomva, François Dabis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem</b> Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of HIV seroprevalence in the world. In 2001 only 4% of women and children in need of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were receiving them. <b>Design</b> Pilot implementation of the first programme for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in rural Zimbabwe. <b>Setting</b> 120 bed district hospital in Buhera district (285 000 inhabitants), Manicaland, Zimbabwe. <b>Key measures for improvement</b> Programme uptake indicators monitored for 18 months; impact of policy evaluated by assessing up-scaling of programme. <b>Strategies for change</b> Voluntary counselling and testing services for HIV were provided in the hospital antenatal clinic. Women identified as HIV positive and informed of their serostatus and their newborn were offered a single dose antiretroviral treatment of nevirapine; mother-child pairs were followed up through routine health services. Nursing staff and social workers were trained, and community mobilisation was conducted. <b>Effects of change</b> No services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were available at baseline. Within 18 months, 2298 pregnant women had received pretest counselling, and the acceptance of HIV testing reached 93.0%. Of all 2137 women who had an HIV test, 1588 (74.3%) returned to collect their result; 326 of the 437 HIV positive women diagnosed had post-test counselling, and 104 (24%) mother-child pairs received nevirapine prophylaxis. <b>Lessons learnt</b> Minimum staffing, an enhanced training programme, and involvement of district health authorities are needed for the implementation and successful integration of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Voluntary counselling and testing services are important entry points for HIV prevention and care and for referral to community networks and medical HIV care services. A district approach is critical to extend programmes for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in rural settings. The lessons learnt from this pilot programme have contributed to the design of the national expansion strategy for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe.
Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Shoulder Dysfunction
Authors: Graham A. Kernwein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Ruptures of the rotator cuff commonly are unrecognized and mistakingly diagnosed bursitis, because they occur without clinical or radiological evidence, other than by arthrographic study. Conventional roentgenograms, correlated with 200 arthrographic studies of shoulder dysfunction, reveal six degenerative changes appearing after the fourth decade, any four of which if present, indicate a 90% probability that arthrographic study will reveal a ruptured rotator cuff. Arthrography remains without peer as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of shoulder pain of local origin.
Evaluation of the Recommended Dose and Efficacy of Amrubicin as Second- and Third-Line Chemotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Satoshi Igawa, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Shinya Ueda, Akira Ono, Yukiko Nakamura, Asuka Tsuya, Haruyasu Murakami, Masahiro Endo, Toshiaki Takahashi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Development of a Biological Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Yalin Yildirim, Hiroshi Naito, Michael Didié, Bijoy Chandapillai Karikkineth, Daniel Biermann, Thomas Eschenhagen, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Engineered heart tissue (EHT) can be generated from cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix proteins and used to repair local heart muscle defects in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that pouch-like heart muscle constructs can be generated by using a novel EHT-casting technology and applied as heart-embracing cardiac grafts in vivo.Pouch-like EHTs (inner/outer diameter: 10/12 mm) can be generated mainly from neonatal rat heart cells, collagen type I, and serum containing culture medium. They contain a dense network of connexin 43 interconnected cardiomyocytes and an endo-/epicardial surface lining composed of prolylhydroxylase positive cells. Pouch-like EHTs beat spontaneously and show contractile properties of native heart muscle including positive inotropic responses to calcium and isoprenaline. First implantation studies indicate that pouch-like EHTs can be slipped over uninjured adult rat hearts to completely cover the left and right ventricles. Fourteen days after implantation, EHT-grafts stably covered the epicardial surface of the respective hearts. Engrafted EHTs were composed of matrix and differentiated cardiac muscle as well as newly formed vessels which were partly donor-derived.Pouch-like EHTs can be generated with structural and functional properties of native myocardium. Implantation studies demonstrated their applicability as cardiac muscle grafts, setting the stage for an evaluation of EHT-pouches as biological ventricular assist devices in vivo.
The Professional Responsibility of the Physician
Authors: Ward Darley
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Society sets the minimal standards of medical practice. These are represented by state board examinations, by the few national and state laws that deal with certain aspects of medical practice, and by the threat of criminal or civil action in instances of malpractice or overt disregard of law. Fortunately, when these standards are compared with the actual level of medical practice, they are minimal indeed.  One reason why the average performance of the physician exceeds society's minimal standards is that the medical profession has devised ways of setting and enforcing its own minimal standards— standards that are well above those required by society. One way in which this has been accomplished has been the enforcement by hospital staffs and county and state medical associations of a certain standard of professional performance and ethical practice; many professional societies demand high qualifications. Aside from a moral appeal, the principal source of power
PREVALENCE OF SILENT CEREBRAL MICROEMBOLISM AFTER CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH HIGH-GRADE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Dieter Ropers, Martin Arnold, Daniel Mundkowski, Josef Ludwig, Stephan Achenbach, Werner G. Daniel, Arndt Dö;rfler, Susanne Schulz-Heise
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Evaluation of Amantadine in Artificially Induced A2 and B Influenza
Authors: A. A. Smorodintsev
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In double-blind placebo-controlled studies of 404 volunteers, amantadine hydrochloride was found to be 51% effective in preventing the development of artificially induced A2 influenza, and 73% to 92% effective in preventing the more severe form of A2 influenza. Milder disease was seen in those who developed A2 influenza in spite of amantadine therapy. Serological responses were also reduced. No significant difference was observed either between once- and twice-daily dosage or between 200 mg and 100 mg/day regimens. No benefit was observed when the start of medication was delayed until symptoms of influenza developed. Amantadine was ineffective against B influenza. No safety problem was evident in any subject.
Tackle cancer in Africa now to prevent catastrophe, say health activists
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An influential group of MPs has claimed that widespread financial incompetence is adding to the cost of the United Kingdom's controversial private finance initiative (PFI).The House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts made its new attack on the PFI after it discovered that the government had clawed back £100m (€145m; $200m) less than was predicted from the new private-public profit sharing schemes.The committee's chairman, the Conservative MP Edward Leigh, blamed the loss on the failure of Treasury officials to oversee key refinancing arrangements.In 2002 ministers introduced changes so that public sector bodies could share in some of the financial gains when big PFI loans were rearranged.Typically, these loans were renegotiated on a more favourable basis once PFI projects had been completed and the risks involved were lower.However, left to their own devices, officials in local hospitals had been out of their depth negotiating with their counterparts in the private sector, the committee says.In 2003 the Office of Government Commerce, which then had responsibility for PFI policy, told the public accounts committee that it expected the public sector to receive between £175m and £200m from the voluntary sharing arrangements in early PFI deals.However, up to December 2006 the government had secured the right to gains of only £93m."Proceeds gained by the public sector from PFI debt refinancing under the voluntary code for the sharing of gains are currently well short of expectations" said Mr Leigh.
Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of OVCAR-3 and MCF-7 cells induced by co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ on polystyrene and the role of p53 activation
Authors: Yan-Qing Guan, Zhibin Li, Aini Yang, Zheng Huang, Zhe Zheng, Lin Zhang, Ling Li, Jun-Ming Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Medical Malpractice and Quality of Care
Authors: Henry A. Waxman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Some 18 months ago, a Sounding Board article in these pages drew attention to conflicts between peer review and federal antitrust law.1 In that article, Dr. Leigh C. Dolin, one of several physician defendants facing a judgment for over $2 million in damages and fees, portrayed the plight of physicians attempting "to prevent the practice of bad medicine in their community." The author argued that he and his colleagues at the Astoria Clinic (Astoria, Oreg.) were held to a legal standard of behavior designed to preclude unfair business practices, a standard at odds with the public's own desire for self-policing . . .
Test of the month: The chromogenic antifactor Xa assay
Authors: Eric Gehrie, Michael Laposata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

As the number of anticoagulant drugs increases and new ones are brought to market, the utility of the routine screening coagulation tests of today--namely the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time--will be significantly reduced in many clinical situations. Although the new anticoagulants are designed to require less frequent monitoring, it is imperative that the proper test is selected in situations where monitoring is needed. In addition, tests that are designed for the new generation of drugs may be informative in certain situations for monitoring the anticoagulants that have been in use for many years. Here, we present the chromogenic antifactor Xa assay and demonstrate its utility and its limitations in monitoring three anticoagulant drugs (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and fondaparinux) as well as one emerging anticoagulant, rivaroxaban.
5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID AS RECTAL ENEMA IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS UNABLE TO TAKE SULPHASALAZINE
Authors: M. Campieri, G.A. Lanfranchi, C. Brignola, G. Bazzocchi, M.R. Minguzzi, M.T. Calari
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
ON THE SOURCE OF HAeMORRHAGE IN CASES OF PARTIAL SEPARATION OF THE PLACENTA
Authors: F. W. MacKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1853)

COXMUNICATIONSJAN. 7, the recumbent position, and found that he could, in that position, freely move his limbs, which weere free from contractions or gouty dieposits.I could detect no pain nor tendemess in the spine, nor any e%idence of internal structural malady.The bowels were in good order, the urine healthy and secreted in proper quantity, the appetite good, aid di,gestion well l)erformed.My opinion of the case was, tllat it was one of extreme nervous antl muscuilar debility, produiced by a perseverance in the use of colc'hicutnt, long after tlhe imiore aceite symptoms of gout hadl beenl overcomie; that in fact it was a com;plication of arthlitic (lisease with slow, narcotico-inritant poisoning.I advised hinm to bathe three timiies a-week, andi to (lrink the waters twice dItily at tihe spring.I put.hiiii upon a generous diet, andt ortlered hlint to spwind several honrs daily in the open air, anil( to abstaini atltog'ether fromn iedicines.Hle continuiedi tisii plan uintil July fthi, at which timile lie was; alde to -standtl withi tile ts'.istnce of the t;Ullel aldl to walk a tIow steps suip-portedb1y two persons. 1 thien diretted hinm to go to) the seal:side for six weeks, anlld to retuir ti it athl ill Siepl)teniuiber.He rettiriledl greatly io:proeel in every respoet, andt again commencel the use of the waIters, (otaining s4) sollleli benefit.that oni the :3st
The Impact of Selection Bias Due to Increasing Response Rates among Population Controls in Occupational Case-Control Studies
Authors: Ann Olsson, Roel Vermeulen, Hans Kromhout, Susan Peters, Per Gustavsson, Irene Brüske, Jack Siemiatycki, Beate Pesch, Thomas Brüning, Kurt Straif
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES OF ST2 AND BRAIN NATURIETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Michael C. Kontos, Xiaoyan Gu, Yihua He, Anthony Haney, Christine Urbas, Catherine Guard, J.V. Nixon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CD26 Overexpression Is Associated with Prolonged Survival and Enhanced Chemosensitivity in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Keisuke Aoe, Vishwa Jeet Amatya, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Kei Ohnuma, Osamu Hosono, Akio Hiraki, Masanori Fujii, Taketo Yamada, Nam H. Dang, Yukio Takeshima, Kouki Inai, Takumi Kishimoto, Chikao Morimoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive and therapy-resistant neoplasm arising from the pleural mesothelial cells, without established indicators to predict responsiveness to chemotherapy.Our study involving 79 MPM patients showed that 73.4% of MPM expressed CD26 on cell membrane.The majority of epithelioid and biphasic types of MPM expressed CD26 on the cell membrane, whereas the sarcomatoid type showed a lack of CD26 surface expression. Although the sarcomatoid type was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001), no significant relationship between CD26 expression and survival was observed. On the contrary, there was a trend for an association between response rate to chemotherapy and CD26 expression (P = 0.053), with a higher level of CD26 expression more likely to be linked to better response to chemotherapy. Moreover, CD26 expression was a significant factor associated with improved survival in patients who received chemotherapy [median survival time (MST), 18.6 vs. 10.7 months, P = 0.0083]. Furthermore, CD26 expression was significantly associated with better prognosis in patients receiving non-pemetrexed-containing regimens (MST, 14.2 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.0042), whereas there was no significant association between CD26 expression and survival time for patients receiving pemetrexed-containing regimens. Our in vitro and microarray studies showed that mesothelioma cells expressing high CD26 displayed high proliferative activity, and CD26 expression was closely linked to cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance.Our results strongly suggest that CD26 is a clinically significant biomarker for predicting response to chemotherapy for MPM.
Partial Liquid Ventilation — The Future is Now
Authors: T. Allen Merritt, Greg P. Heldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

These are exciting times in neonatology. During the past decade, treatment with exogenous surfactant has improved survival among infants with very low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome, and new regimens of surfactant treatment and methods of delivery are being developed, as are synthetic surfactants. These advances, along with high-frequency ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide, have resulted in fewer infants who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Not all infants, however, benefit from surfactant therapy, and questions about the optimal use of surfactant and its optimal composition remain. Surfactant deficiency or pulmonary dysfunction from other causes (sepsis, severe respiratory distress at birth, . . .
Abstract ADV22: Susan G. Komen story map.
Authors: Rebecca Seago-Coyle
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Susan G. Komen Foundation began as a promise between two sisters to end breast cancer forever. Susan Goodman Komen was diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 33 and died three years later. Ms. Komen's younger sister, Nancy Goodman Brinker, created the foundation in 1982. The Komen Puget Sound Affiliate was founded in 1993 to forward the mission of our national organization - to save lives and end breast cancer forever by empowering people, ensuring quality of care for all and energizing science to find the cures. Since its inception, the Komen Puget Sound Affiliate has invested nearly $23 million in local nonprofit, tribal and government agencies that provide breast health and breast cancer services to medically underserved residents of our 16-county service area (Service Area). The Puget Sound affiliate as a community that identify disparities, gaps in service and barriers to care that prevent women who live in our community from accessing, early detecting and surviving breast cancer. Citation Format: Rebecca Seago-Coyle. Susan G. Komen story map. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV22. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV22
Echocardiography manifestations of flail aortic valve leaflets in bacterial endocarditis.
Authors: T M Wray
Journal: Circulation (1975)

This report describes the echocardiographic features seen in a case of bacterial endocarditis in which the aortic valve leaflets had been partially destroyed. The endocardiogram demonstrated unusual, disorganized echo patterns in the outflow tract of the left ventricle near the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in diastole. These were shown to be continuous with similar disorganized echo patterns demonstrated in the aortic root in diastole. These echocardiographic abnormalities were no longer present after aortic valve replacement.
407. Complement Blockade Prevents Several Innate Toxicities Rapidly Induced after Intravenous Adenovirus (Ad) Vector Administration
Authors: Anne Kiang, Zachary Hartman, Jun-Ping Wei, Ruth Everett, Delila Serra, Haixiang Jiang, Michael M. Frank, Andrea Amalfitano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Toxicities resulting from Ad capsid interactions with the innate immune system present numerous challenges for adenoviral gene transfer in vivo. In 2004: Mol. Ther. 10(6):1140-2, we demonstrated that Ads can initiate the human complement pathway via activation of the alternative complement pathway, and that the Ad capsid can directly bind to human C3 protein. After initial pathogen engagement by proteins of the classical and/or alternative complement pathways, C3 acts as a pivotal protein, initiating the subsequent activation of the common complement pathway. Activated complement proteins interact with Kupffer cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, and modulate several innate and adaptive immune response systems. Since several of these same systems have been implicated with Ad associated toxicities, we hypothesized that these toxicities may be significantly diminished by pre-emptive complement system blockade.
The Chronic Mental Patient: Five Years Later
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Wide distribution of this book—as soon as possible—is imperative because of the breadth and urgency of the problem it addresses. John Talbot, currently president of the American Psychiatric Association and long a vigorous advocate for the chronically mentally ill, has edited in four parts an up-to-date and far-reaching overview of the problem of chronic mental illness in America since its emergence as a major social policy issue less than ten years ago.  Samuel Keith, MD, and Susan Matthews, both from the Center for Studies in Schizophrenia, introduce the first part, Research and Education, with a thoughtful and sensitive overview of research in schizophrenia, the most frequent diagnosis associated with chronic mental illness. Despite intense research efforts, schizophrenia still has a poor prognosis, leaving 25% of its victims permanently disabled from the initial episode and an additional 50% suffering intermittent illness and deterioration for the remainder of their lives. Pharmacologic and
Antenatal Care--I
Authors: W. C. W. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The half-century has turned since Ballantyne, of Edin- burgh, published his article-" A Plea for a Pre- Maternity Hospital "-containing the first suggestion of an antenatal clinic or hospital.During these fifty years opinion and practice have changed, in some instances swinging a full circle.Maternity care is now accepted in this country as part of the Health Service that must be provided by the State.In England and Wales in 1951 there were 695,446 births (679,497 live births and 15,949 stillbirths).The number of mothers (new out- patients) who attended antenatal clinics attached to hospitals was 413,805, and 256,931 attended local health authority clinics.The total attendances made by expec- tant mothers (new and old patients) during 1951 was 2,333,902 at hospital clinics, and 1,450,097 at local health authority clinics.These figures, kindly supplied by the Ministry of Health, serve to indicate the magnitude of the service required for these expectant mothers.The most striking recent trend in antenatal care is the increasing emphasis that is being placed on function as distinct from structure.The mechanistic approach to the parturient woman is to be deplored: the woman must be taken as a whole; her psyche and soma are so interwoven that neither can be neglected, especially at this most critical time of her life.In view of the improved physique of women in this country the anatomy of the pelvis should not be given the overwhelming emphasis that it has had in the past.The emotional aspect of pregnancy and labour is as important as the physical, but it has been neglected by doctors and midwives.