tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Results of Revascularization in Patients With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Lynda L. Mickleborough, Hiroshi Maruyama, Yasushi Takagi, Shanas Mohamed, Zhao Sun, Lawrence Ebisuzaki
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background In patients with coronary artery disease and poor ventricular function (ejection fraction, &lt;20%), bypass grafting remains a surgical challenge. This study evaluates experience with isolated revascularization in such patients. Methods and Results In 79 consecutive patients (69 men, 10 women; average age, 59±9 years), preoperative ejection fraction was 18±5%. Indications for surgery were congestive heart failure (CHF) in 5 of 79 patients (6%), CHF and angina in 19 (24%), angina in 41 (52%), ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in 8 (10%), and critical anatomy in 6 (8%). Some patients had prior VAs (23 of 79; 29%) or mitral regurgitation (18; 23%) and required emergent surgery (25; 32%). At surgery, temperature mapping ensured adequate distribution of antegrade cold cardioplegia, with 3.6±0.7 grafts per patient, including left internal mammary artery graft in 60 of 79 (76%) and endarterectomy in 14 (18%). Hospital mortality was 3.8%. Perioperative support included intra-aortic balloon pump in 18 of 79 (23%) and drugs for VAs in 28 (35%). Morbidity included myocardial infarction in 2 of 79 (2.5%) and stroke in 2 (2.5%). During follow-up, there were 19 late deaths. Actuarial survival was 94%, 82%, and 68% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively, and was similar in patients with severe angina, CHF, mitral regurgitation, or VAs. Freedom from sudden death was 100%, 98%, and 91% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Among survivors, angina improved in 84% and heart failure improved in 26%. Conclusions These data support bypass graft surgery in patients with severe LV dysfunction. With careful cardioplegic techniques, hospital mortality was low (3.8%). Long-term survival is encouraging, with good relief of symptoms in most patients. Perioperative VAs are frequent but respond to medical treatment, with only 23% of patients discharged on antiarrhythmic drugs. Five-year freedom from sudden death is 91%, with only 3 late sudden deaths in this series.
Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and New-Onset Heart Failure in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Joost P. van Melle, Mariska Bot, Peter de Jonge, Rudolf A. de Boer, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Mary A. Whooley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Diabetes is a predictor of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure. It is unknown to what extent the association between diabetes and heart failure is influenced by other risk factors for heart failure.We evaluated the association of diabetes and A1C with incident heart failure in outpatients with stable CAD and no history of heart failure (average follow-up 4.1 years).Of 839 participants, 200 had diabetes (23.8%). Compared with patients who did not have diabetes, those with diabetes had an increased risk of heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] 2.17 [95% CI 1.37-3.44]). Adjustment for risk factors for CAD (age, sex, race, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol), interim myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia did not alter the strength of the association between diabetes and heart failure. After inclusion also of other risk factors for heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, and C-reactive protein) and medication use, diabetes remained an independent predictor of heart failure (HR 3.34 [95% CI 1.65-6.76]; P = 0.001). Each 1% increase in A1C concentration was associated with a 36% increased HR of heart failure hospitalization (HR 1.36 [95% CI 1.17-1.58]).In patients with stable CAD who are free from heart failure at baseline, diabetes and glycemic control are independent risk factors for new-onset heart failure. The mechanisms by which diabetes and hyperglycemia lead to heart failure deserve further study, as the association is independent of baseline functional assessment of ischemia, systolic and diastolic function, and interim myocardial infarction.
Abstract 5520: Novel therapy NKP-1339 is active in osteosarcoma.
Authors: Amy Y. Park, Rebecca Sowers, Sajida Thein, Rebecca Baerga, Richard Gorlick
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of OS, overall survival trends have remained stagnant with conventional chemotherapy. New chemotherapeutic agents and combination regimens are being studied to target pathways that are believed to be active in OS. NKP-1339 is a novel small molecule anti-cancer compound that targets the GRP78 pathway. A NKP-1339 single agents Phase I has been completed [1]. GRP78 is a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress. High GRP78 levels are found in a wide variety of cancer types and have been correlated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor cell survival. Treatment with anti-cancer agents, both cytotoxic and targeted agents, has been shown to give rise to further induction of GRP78, and such elevation been correlated to resistance. NKP-1339 down-regulates GRP78 levels selectively in tumor cells leading to tumor cell death. In this study, we explore NKP-1339 activity against OS cell lines. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed with NKP-1339, as a single agent, on both standard and patient derived OS cell lines. Three out of four standard cell lines (75%) and two out of four patient derived cell lines (50%) showed IC50 of 80-100 uM. These results, in terms of uM range and activity against tumor lines that are resistant to other agents, are consistent with previous in vitro studies of NKP-1339 with other tumor types. The IC50 uM levels of NKP-1339 are achievable in patient plasma. In vitro combination studies are underway to determine the synergistic anti-tumor effects of NKP-1339 with standard chemotherapeutic agents used in OS. Future studies will include treatment of OS xenograft models with NKP-1339 as a single agent and in combination, and if promising, an OS clinical trial will be initiated. [1] Thompson et al. ASCO 2012 abstract #3033 Citation Format: Amy Y. Park, Rebecca Sowers, Sajida Thein, Rebecca Baerga, Richard Gorlick. Novel therapy NKP-1339 is active in osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5520
Four Abdominal Cases
Authors: D. Macewan
Journal: BMJ (1904)

ABDOMINAL CASES.[T Mm 1309 spermatozoa are accordingly not forthcoming."" The testicle remains in this state, at least we have no evidence that it undergoes further change."A fully-grown testis replaced in the abdomen undergoes retrograde changes until it becomes similar in structure.This structure is precisely similar to 'that found in imperfectly-descended testes.Therefore, from the point of view of procreation, no harm is at all likely to be done by returning the testis to the abdominal cavity, whilst its subsequent growth and the presence of apparently functional cells points to the probable value to the organism of its presence, as for the perfection of the secondary male characters.Last, I have left the selection of cases which do not need operation.In primis, the extremely difficult task of excluding the co-existence of a hernia must be accomplished.Secondly, in our present state of knowledge it may be taken that the less imperfectly the organ is descended the more likely is it to develop satisfactorily at puberty.That is to say, those cases in which an orchidopexy seems most likely to be successful are the very ones in which the testis may be left alone, for if this operation is to be successful the testis will most' probably be close to the scrotum.At the other extreme of the serial degrees of the descent or imperfect descent of the testis, that is, when it is abdominal, it should be left alone.SUMMARY OF OPERATIVE PRO EDURES.i. Orchidopexy is only applicable in mild cases of imperfectly-descended testis, and perhap:s even then it may not often be called for.2. Orchidectomy is only justifiable under special patho- logical conditions, for example, torsion, severe neuralgia, extreme atrophy and so forth, and in older cases, that is after the occurrence of puberty and a possible and problematical period of testicular activity and spermatogenesis has passed,
Selective inhibitors of nuclear export show that CRM1/XPO1 is a target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rosa Lapalombella, Qingxiang Sun, Katie Williams, Larissa Tangeman, Shruti Jha, Yiming Zhong, Virginia Goettl, Emilia Mahoney, Caroline Berglund, Sneha Gupta, Alicia Farmer, Rajeswaran Mani, Amy J. Johnson, David Lucas, Xiaokui Mo, Dirk Daelemans, Vincent Sandanayaka, Sharon Shechter, Dilara McCauley, Sharon Shacham, Michael Kauffman, Yuh Min Chook, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2012)
ARE THE IMPROVEMENTS IN LIPID PARAMETERS AFTER GASTRIC BANDING DURABLE IN THE LONG-TERM: FIVE YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Amita Singh, Sean Heffron, Jonathan Zagzag, Heekoung Youn, George Fielding, Christine Ren-Fielding, James Underberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergic airway disease in mice
Authors: John W. Hollingsworth, Shuichiro Maruoka, Kathy Boon, Stavros Garantziotis, Zhuowei Li, John Tomfohr, Nathaniel Bailey, Erin N. Potts, Gregory Whitehead, David M. Brass, David A. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Asthma is a complex heritable disease that is increasing in prevalence and severity, particularly in developed countries such as the United States, where 11% of the population is affected. The contribution of environmental and genetic factors to this growing epidemic is currently not well understood. We developed the hypothesis, based on previous literature, that changes in DNA methylation resulting in aberrant gene transcription may enhance the risk of developing allergic airway disease. Our findings indicate that in mice, a maternal diet supplemented with methyl donors enhanced the severity of allergic airway disease that was inherited transgenerationally. Using a genomic approach, we discovered 82 gene-associated loci that were differentially methylated after in utero supplementation with a methyl-rich diet. These methylation changes were associated with decreased transcriptional activity and increased disease severity. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3), a gene known to negatively regulate allergic airway disease, was found to be excessively methylated, and Runx3 mRNA and protein levels were suppressed in progeny exposed in utero to a high-methylation diet. Moreover, treatment with a demethylating agent increased Runx3 gene transcription, further supporting our claim that a methyl-rich diet can affect methylation status and consequent transcriptional regulation. Our findings indicate that dietary factors can modify the heritable risk of allergic airway disease through epigenetic mechanisms during a vulnerable period of fetal development in mice.
Acute Suicidal Depression Associated With Use of Timolol
Authors: Brian T. Nolan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Timolol maleate (Timoptic), a topical β-blocking agent for lowering intraocular pressure, has gained widespread acceptance as a safe and effective drug. Since its introduction, various side effects have been reported, albeit at an acceptable incidence.<sup>1</sup>Most of the systemic side effects described are common to all β-blockers and are presumably the result of absorption into the circulation. Uncommon but recognized side effects of this group include depression, paranoia, and psychosis.<sup>2</sup>Although mild CNS effects have been reported with timolol, including anxiety, disorientation, fatigue, and anorexia, major reactions have not been noted. A case of acute suicidal depression thought to be directly related to the use of timolol at normal dosage is described. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 65-year-old woman entered the E. S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York, with a hyphemia of 30% and an intraocular tension of 42. The patient suffered from adult-onset diabetes
LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION (LVEF) CALCULATED FROM GATED THALLIUM (TL)SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION (MP) IMAGING
Authors: H. M. Abdel-Dayem, M. N. Infantino, D. S. Acuna, S. Atay, J. Q. Luo, E. J. Bernaski, H. H. Abujudeh, T. H. Elmquist, S. Y. Naddaf, W. S. Omar, M. Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Abdel-Dayem, H. M.; Infantino, M. N.*; Acuna, D. S.*; Atay, S.; Luo, J. Q.; Bernaski, E. J.*; Abujudeh, H. H.; Elmquist, T. H.*; Naddaf, S. Y.; Omar, W. S.; Kumar, M. Author Information
Fulminant Hepatic Failure Caused by Genital Herpes in a Healthy Person
Authors: Michael H. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

GENITAL herpes caused by herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), has become an increasingly recognized infection in the sexually active population.<sup>1</sup>Among prostitutes,<sup>2</sup>homosexuals,<sup>3</sup>and members of both sexes who attend venereal disease clinics,<sup>4</sup>the incidence of genital herpes has become alarmingly high, approaching epidemic proportions. Although the infectious nature and distinctive clinical symptom complex of herpes were recognized by the early Greeks, sexual transmission was not emphasized until the late 19th century. That the causative agents responsible for "venereal herpes" and for fever blisters were separate was initially demonstrated in the 1920s by Lipschutz, but this fact was submerged and did not resurface until 1968, when Nahmias and Dowdle<sup>5</sup>antigenically characterized the two serotypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The herpes virus in other tissues has been reported.<sup>6-13</sup>The early literature concerning herpetic hepatitis dealt mainly with the immunosuppressed individual.<sup>6</sup>Recently, there have been
Private company says it can no longer run NHS hospital
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The private company Circle Health has announced plans to withdraw from its 10 year contract to run the Hinchingbrooke Hospital in Cambridgeshire just three years into the deal, after declaring that the contract was “no longer viable under current terms.”

The company, which became the first private firm to take over a franchise of an NHS hospital in England in 2012,1 said that the decision was prompted by “unprecedented increases” in emergency attendances, funding cuts, and a lack of care in place for patients awaiting discharge. It said that the decision was also influenced by an upcoming report from the healthcare regulator the Care Quality Commission that is expected to be critical of the care being provided at the trust.2

The company said that it had entered into discussions with the Trust Development Authority with a view to withdrawing from the …
Improved prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C using measures of insulin resistance in a probability index
Authors: Archana Sud, Jason M. Hui, Geoffrey C. Farrell, Priyanka Bandara, James G. Kench, Carolyn Fung, Rita Lin, Dev Samarasinghe, Christopher Liddle, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We sought to develop a clinically useful index comprising standard and physiologically relevant variables to predict the probability of significant hepatic fibrosis in subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fibrosis was graded as mild (stages F0 or F1) or significant (stages F2-F4). Thirty-five clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed initially in 176 patients with detectable HCV RNA to derive a fibrosis probability index (FPI) to predict significant fibrosis. This index then was validated in a second group of 126 subjects. Among 18 variables associated with severe fibrosis on univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis identified age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol level, insulin resistance (by homeostasis model), and past alcohol intake as independent predictors of significant fibrosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.84 for the initial cohort and 0.77 for the validation cohort. In the initial cohort, the sensitivity of the FPI based on these five predictors was 96%, and the negative predictive value was 93% at a score of ≥0.2. At scores ≥0.8, the FPI was 94% specific and had a positive predictive value of 87%. In conclusion, an FPI using routinely assessed markers and incorporating a measure of insulin resistance can reliably predict the probability of significant hepatic fibrosis in most patients with chronic HCV infection. Such an index should prove useful to guide decision making regarding the need for liver biopsy, and potentially for avoiding or deferring biopsy in a large proportion of patients with mild liver disease. (Hepatology 2004;39:1239-1247.)
Intrinsic fluorescence accurately identifies coronary plaques with superficial foam cells and high content of proteoglycans and smooth muscle cells
Authors: George O. Angheloiu, Jonathan T. Arendt, Markus G. Mueller, Irene Georgakoudi, Abigail S. Haka, Jason T. Motz, Barry D. Kuban, Jonathan Myles, Eugene A. Podrez, Michael S. Feld, John R. Kramer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Risk of In Utero Exposure to Lithium-Reply
Authors: Lee S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We are pleased that Drs Kellner, Beale, and Pritchett appreciate our recent attempt to describe a revised estimate of risk associated with in utero exposure to lithium carbonate. It was one of our main goals to underscore the clinical implications of a more modest risk associated with first-trimester exposure to lithium with respect to the clinical management of women with bipolar disorder who were planning to conceive or who inadvertently became pregnant. While the safe use of ECT during pregnancy has been well described, 1 good follow-up studies of these pregnancies are limited. 2 While it may not be safer than psychotropic drug use during pregnancy, ECT is clearly the treatment of choice for psychiatrically ill pregnant women when expeditious treatment is imperative such as in the setting of mania or psychotic depression, where the risk of untreated disorder, ie, danger from impulsive behaviors, psychosis, and self-harm, place
Insertion of ventilation (tympanostomy) tubes for otitis media with effusion
Authors: M. Haggard
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Clinical audit needs to be re-established to monitor the criteria for intervention

In otitis media with effusion (secretory otitis media or glue ear), ventilation tubes (tympanostomy tubes, pressure equalisation tubes, or grommets) are placed in the eardrums to improve the hearing, behaviour, and development of children. This, the commonest operation in children worldwide has an evidence base which is periodically scrutinised.1 Guidelines attempt to foster stringent criteria for the operation because in most cases otitis media is mild and non-persistent, and the consequences of fluctuating hearing losses for language development have been exaggerated in the past.2 In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.a1607) Keyhani and colleagues examined the clinical characteristics of children with otitis media in New York who had ventilation tubes and compared these with the recommendations of two sets of expert guidelines and a set of RAND appropriateness criteria.3 Agreement with recommendations was very low—only 30.3% of tympanostomies were concordant with the explicit criteria and only 7.5% were concordant with one of the …
Male Body Image and Weight-Related Disorders—Reply
Authors: Marla E. Eisenberg, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Decreases in diagnostic delay are supported by sensitivity analyses
Authors: J Sørensen, Merete Lund Hetland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

We thank Dr Sykes and colleagues1 for their interest in our publication2 on changes in diagnostic delay in patients with inflammatory arthritis from year 2000 to year 2011 and for their reflections regarding our investigations. Based on data from the nationwide Danish DANBIO registry, we studied diagnostic delay defined as the time between onset of symptoms and the time of diagnosis in 13 721 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We found that for RA, PSA and AS, the delay decreased from 30 …
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Thomas J. Gross, Gary W. Hunninghake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by radiographically evident interstitial infiltrates predominantly affecting the lung bases and by progressive dyspnea and worsening of pulmonary function. No therapy has been clearly shown to prolong survival.1 The current strict definition of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis provides a new focus for basic and clinical research that will improve insight into the pathogenesis of this disorder and stimulate the development of novel therapies.DefinitionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, also known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is one of a family of idiopathic pneumonias sharing the clinical features of shortness of breath, radiographically evident diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and varying . . .