tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SYPHILIS OF THE CERVIX
Authors: GEORGE GELLHORN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Ten years ago, a symposium on diseases of the cervix would hardly have included a discussion of syphilis, for at that time syphilitic lesions of the cervix were considered so rare as to be without any practical importance. Since then, our views on the subject have undergone a decided change. We now realize that the cervix may be the seat of syphilitic manifestations in every stage of the disease.<sup>1</sup> <h3>PRIMARY LESION</h3> The hard chancre of the cervix is usually located on the anterior lip. If engrafted on a preexisting erosion, it may more or less completely surround the external os; but even then the anterior lip is definitely more involved than the rest. While the primary lesion on the outer genitals presents and retains its characteristic and pathognomonic aspect, the chancre of the cervix undergoes a rapid and variegated evolution from an uneroded induration to an ulcer, which in
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN NATIVE ARTERIES VS. BYPASS GRAFTS IN PRIOR CORONARY BYPASS GRAFTING PATIENTS: A REPORT FROM THE CATHPCI REGISTRY®
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Sunil V. Rao, Subhash Banerjee, Steven Goldman, Kendrick Shunk, David R. Holmes, Emily Honeycutt, Matthew T. Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
National Trends in the Outpatient Treatment of Depression
Authors: Mark Olfson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextRecent advances in pharmacotherapy and changing health care environments have focused increased attention on trends in outpatient treatment of depression.ObjectiveTo compare trends in outpatient treatment of depressive disorders in the United States in 1987 and 1997.Design and SettingAnalysis of service utilization data from 2 nationally representative surveys of the US general population, the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (N = 34 459) and the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (N = 32 636).ParticipantsRespondents who reported making 1 or more outpatient visits for treatment of depression during that calendar year.Main Outcome MeasuresRate of treatment, psychotropic medication use, psychotherapy, number of outpatient treatment visits, type of health care professional, and source of payment.ResultsThe rate of outpatient treatment for depression increased from 0.73 per 100 persons in 1987 to 2.33 in 1997 (P&lt;.001). The proportion of treated individuals who used antidepressant medications increased from 37.3% to 74.5% (P&lt;.001), whereas the proportion who received psychotherapy declined (71.1% vs 60.2%, P = .006). The mean number of depression treatment visits per user declined from 12.6 to 8.7 per year (P = .05). An increasingly large proportion of patients were treated by physicians for their condition (68.9% vs 87.3%, P&lt;.001), and treatment costs were more often covered by third-party payers (39.3% to 55.2%, P&lt;.001).ConclusionsBetween 1987 and 1997, there was a marked increase in the proportion of the population who received outpatient treatment for depression. Treatment became characterized by greater involvement of physicians, greater use of psychotropic medications, and expanding availability of third-party payment, but fewer outpatient visits and less use of psychotherapy. These changes coincided with the advent of better-tolerated antidepressants, increased penetration of managed care, and the development of rapid and efficient procedures for diagnosing depression in clinical practice.
The Ubiquitin Modifying Enzyme A20 Restricts B Cell Survival and Prevents Autoimmunity
Authors: Rita M. Tavares, Emre E. Turer, Chih L. Liu, Rommel Advincula, Patrizia Scapini, Lesley Rhee, Julio Barrera, Clifford A. Lowell, Paul J. Utz, Barbara A. Malynn, Averil Ma
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Glutamine Transport in Rat Kidney Mitochondria in Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: William Adam, David P. Simpson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In order to study factors regulating renal ammoniagenesis, the transport and metabolism of L-glutamine were studied in mitochondria from kidneys of control and acidotic rats. On incubation in 1 mM [(14)C]glutamine, there was production and accumulation of [(14)C]glutamate within the matrix space. However no [(14)C]glutamine was detected in the matrix space, even with 10 mM [(14)C]glutamine as substrate or with inhibition of glutamine deamidation (low temperature, p-chloromercuribenzoate, mersalyl). These results suggest that glutamine crosses the inner membrane by a carrier-mediated step and that this step is rate-limiting in glutamine deamidation. In chronic acidosis there is a fourfold increase in the uptake of radioactivity from [(14)C]glutamine, but not from alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamate, or acetate. In 3-h acidosis, before any increase in extracted glutaminase levels, there is a significant and reproducible increase (39+/-3.8%, n = 25) in matrix uptake of radioactivity from [(14)C]glutamine and also an increased ammonia production (17+/-3.7%, n = 12). Administration of furosemide produces a similar degree of potassium depletion and a greater degree of sodium depletion over 3 h when compared to a 3-h acidosis. However, it produces no change in mitochondrial uptake of radioactivity. These results show that the adaptation of renal glutamine metabolism observed in acidosis is due to the acidosis and is demonstrable in isolated rat kidney mitochondria. The site of adaptation is in the carrier system, which transports glutamine across the inner membrane. The increased transport in acidosis delivers more glutamine to glutaminase, which results in the increased renal ammonia production.
Proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas in male F344/N rats.
Authors: G A Boorman, S L Eustis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

While the rat pancreas is susceptible to experimental cancer induction, the spontaneous incidence of pancreatic cancer in this species is reported to be very low. However, we observed unusually high incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma in vehicle control male F344/N rats of some NCI/NTP 2-year toxicological studies. The vehicle in these studies was corn oil given by gavage. Focal acinar hyperplasia, acinar adenoma, and acinar carcinoma (found rarely) represent a continuous spectrum of proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas. While the carcinomas have clear morphological indications of malignancy, the biological behavior of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma is not known. Although induction of acinar carcinomas is considered clear evidence of carcinogenicity of a test chemical, significantly increased incidences in treated rats of acinar adenomas but not carcinomas provides some evidence of carcinogenicity. The association of acinar hyperplasia and adenoma with vegetable oil gavage complicates the interpretation when marginally elevated incidences of these lesions are observed in rats administered the test chemical in vegetable oil vehicle. Studies of the biological behavior of exocrine pancreatic lesions in male rats would be helpful in assessing the significance of their presence when found after test compound administration.
OC-021 A novel subset of functional IL-10 secreting CD8 regulatory t cells infiltrate human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: K K Li, S Wards, S Curbishley, D Adams
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tumour specific effector T-cells can be detected in the blood and tumours of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but fail to mount effective immune responses. Attempts to amplify anti-tumour immune responses using immunotherapy show promise, but are hampered by the presence of suppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumour immune responses. Tregs are crucial in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the prevention of auto-reactive immune response but in the context of cancer they can suppress beneficial anti-tumour immunity leading to tumour progression. A novel subset of CD8 expressing Tregs has recently been described and we now report the presence of such cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma and define their functional and homing properties. <h3>Methods</h3> Fresh tissue from hepatocellular carcinoma and matched distal non-involved tissue was obtained from patients undergoing liver resection or transplantation at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham after informed consent. Liver-derived T-cells were isolated and phenotyped using multi-colour flow cytometry including intracellular cytokine staining. CD8<sup>+</sup>Tregs were isolated using a Mo-Flow cell sorter for functional assays. Distribution of CD8<sup>+</sup>Tregs was investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. <h3>Results</h3> The percentage of CD8<sup>+</sup>Tregs (defined as CD8<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>low</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup>) infiltrating hepatocellular carcinoma tumours was significantly greater compared with matched non-involved liver. Tumour-derived CD8<sup>+</sup>Treg isolated by Mo-Flo sorting suppressed allogeneic effectors cells in vitro and secreted interleukin-10 (IL-10). In contrast T-cell interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production was decreased within the tumour compared with matched non-involved liver. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is involved in T-cell recruitment to the inflamed liver was highly expressed on tumour-derived CD8<sup>+</sup>Tregs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A novel subset of functional IL-10 secreting CD8<sup>+</sup>Tregs may suppress anti-tumour immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Their expression of CXCR3 provides a potential mechanism for recruitment into the tumour environment. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Violence in the Health Care Setting
Authors: Gabor D. Kelen, Christina L. Catlett
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3635: Novel chemotherapeutic agent AN019 for lapatinib-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Christopher S. Gondi, Bharathi Gorantla, A.K.S. Bhujanga Rao, K. Amala, M.U.R. Naidu, K.V. Jogi, G.V. Ramana, M. Praveen Chowdary, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) represents a biological subclass of breast cancer with distinct molecular alterations, clinical behavior, and response to systemic therapy. In this study, we introduce a novel compound (AN019) that has greater anti-tumor activity than Lapatinib. We demonstrate that AN019 is more effective at inhibiting the angiogenic potential and proliferation of both MDAMB231 and HTB20/BT474 cells. FACS analysis shows that AN019 treatment also caused the accumulation of MDAMB231 and HTB20/BT474 cells in the sub-G0/1 phase in a dose-dependent manner; this effect was accompanied by increased PARP cleavage indicative of apoptosis. Strong inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation was also observed in both MDAMB231 and HTB20/BT474 cells. HTB20/BT474 cells did not respond well to Lapatinib treatment when compared to AN019 treatment. From our animal studies using SCID mice implanted with HTB20/BT474 cells, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth when compared to controls or Lapatinib-treated mice at comparable concentrations. A dose-dependent inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation was also observed from immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections. Our results show that AN019 is superior to Lapatinib in EGFR-overexpressing cells and has strong anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. In vivo studies demonstrate the increased anti-tumor activity of AN019 over Lapatinib. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of AN019 as anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative agent in Lapatinib-resistant and EGFR-overexpressing cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3635.
Healthcare workers need more support in seeking help when they are ill
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

New guidance aimed at helping clinicians with their own health problems has been launched in a bid to encourage more doctors and nurses to seek help without being stigmatised.

The guidance, Invisible Patients , published by the National Patient Safety Agency and the chief medical officer for England, Liam Donaldson, details how NHS organisations can ensure that they are supporting the health of their workforce and are building healthy workplaces for clinical staff.

The recommendations have been published after a survey of healthcare professionals indicated that more support was needed from employers when doctors and nurses become …
THE DEMONSTRATION OF TYPE SPECIFIC STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIBODY BY A HEMAGGLUTINATION TECHNIQUE EMPLOYING TANNIC ACID 1
Authors: Floyd W. Denny, Lewis Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

Immunity to the group A streptococcus has been shown to be associated with the formation of antibody against the type-specific component of the streptococcus, the M protein of Lancefield (1, 2). The techniques that have been employed in studies of this antibody include agglutination (3), precipitation (4), mouse protection (5), and bacteriostasis (6, 7). For practical purposes, in the study of human infections, all of these methods except the bacteriostatic test have proved to be unsatisfactory. The latter test, as described by Rothbard (7), yields reliable results but the numerous technical difficulties inherent in the procedure have made it desirable to find another method for the demonstration of type specific antibodies. The presence of various antibodies has been demonstrated by the adsorption of antigenic components of bacteria to the surface of erythrocytes, rendering the cells agglutinable by specific antisera. The widest application of this technique has been in the demonstration of antibodies to a component of the tubercle bacillus (8, 9); the technique has also been applied in serological studies of H. influenzal meningitis (10), histoplasmosis (11), glanders (12), scrub typhus (13), mumps (14), tularemia (15), streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever (16), and infections with E. coli (17).
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF RESTING BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE DURING VASODILATOR STRESS RB-82 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Bradley C. Witbrodt, Anita Kelkar, Leslee Shaw, Pratik Sandesara, Sharmila Dorbala, Benjamin Chow, Marcelo Di Carli, Brent A. Williams, Michael Merhige, Daniel Berman, Guido Germano, Rob Beanlands, James Min, Abhinav Goyal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Utility of SPECT/CT in Preoperative Planning for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma and Head/Neck Carcinoma: Three Illustrative Cases
Authors: Michael C. Roarke, Panol Ram, Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We present 3 cases in which sentinel lymphoscintigraphy was supplemented with SPECT/CT and aided the surgeon by providing precise information regarding the precise anatomic location and depth of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) from the skin surface. The application of SPECT/CT to localization of sentinel lymph nodes is a new addition to the lymphoscintigraphy procedure, which has been greeted enthusiastically by surgeons already accustomed to viewing PET/CT images, and which promises to improve depiction and provide more precise anatomic localization of traditionally difficult situations, including nodes close to or underlying the injection site and within salivary glands as well as in-transit nodes.
Stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins from the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: T Kita, M Yokode, Y Watanabe, S Narumiya, C Kawai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit induced marked cholesteryl ester accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This WHHL rabbit, an animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia, has severe hypercholesterolemia, cutaneous xanthomas, and fulminant atherosclerosis due to the deficiency of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. When incubated with mouse peritoneal macrophages, the VLDL from WHHL rabbit (WHHL-VLDL) stimulated cholesteryl [14C]oleate synthesis 124-fold more than did VLDL from the normal Japanese White rabbit (control-VLDL). The enhancement in cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation of WHHL-VLDL was due to the presence of a high affinity binding receptor site on the macrophage cell surface that mediated the uptake and lysosomal degradation of WHHL-VLDL. Competition studies showed that the uptake and degradation of 125I-WHHL-VLDL was inhibited by unlabeled excess WHHL-VLDL and beta-migrating VLDL (beta-VLDL), but not LDL. Furthermore, the degradation of WHHL-VLDL was not blocked by either fucoidin, polyinosinic acid, or polyguanylic acid, potent inhibitors of the acetylated (acetyl)-LDL binding site, or by acetyl-LDL. These results suggest that macrophages possess a high affinity receptor that recognizes the cholesterol-rich VLDL present in the plasma of the WHHL rabbit and that the receptor which mediates ingestion of WHHL-VLDL seems to be the same as that for beta-VLDL and leads to cholesteryl ester deposition within macrophages. Thus the uptake of the cholesterol-rich VLDL from the WHHL rabbit by macrophages in vivo may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the WHHL rabbit.
A PLASTIC REPAIR OF FINGER DEFECTS WITHOUT HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: None Gatewood
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In planning a method for covering defects of the palmar surface of the hand or fingers, restoration of function must be kept paramount. Of the three methods in general use, the Thiersch graft is the most popular. As it remains thin and adherent, it is not the method of choice if tendons are exposed. The full thickness (Wolfe or Krause) graft has been used to good advantage by Davis, Kanavel and others, but in the hands of most operators the percentage of "takes" is low. The flap method has been quite generally employed for a long time, taking the graft from another extremity (either arm or leg), or from the abdomen. The greatest objections to such a method are the discomfort to the patient and the period of hospital care required. The case reported here illustrates a flap method which I have not previously seen and which proved very satisfactory. It does not necessitate hospitalization.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes a significant reduction in quality of life in the absence of cirrhosis
Authors: G. R. Foster, R. D. Goldin, H. C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The effects of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in the absence of cirrhosis, on patients' quality of life was assessed using the short form 36 (SF36) symptomatology questionnaire. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were polysymptomatic and had significant reductions in their SF36 scores for all of the modalities tested. Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection showed a reduction in the SF36 scores that assessed mental functions, but they had no decrease in the scores that measured physical symptoms, indicating that the symptoms associated with chronic HCV infection are qualitatively different from those associated with chronic HBV infection. Patients with chronic HCV infection who had used intravenous drugs in the past had the greatest impairment in quality-of-life scores, but the reduction in quality-of-life scores was still found in patients who had never used drugs. The reduction in quality of life could not be attributed to the degree of liver inflammation or to the mode of acquisition of the infection. Hence, chronic infection with HCV per se gives rise to physical symptoms that reduce the quality of life of infected patients.
[507] INSULIN RESISTANCE IN VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C AND NON VIRUS RELATED CHRONIC HEPATITIS
Authors: M. Montagnani, F. Lodato, F. Azzaroli, M.R. Tame, A. Colecchia, P. Cecinato, R. Muratori, D. Festi, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Age of Greatest Susceptibility to Childhood Lead Exposure: A New Statistical Approach
Authors: Richard W. Hornung, Bruce P. Lanphear, Kim N. Dietrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundSusceptibility to lead toxicity is often assumed to be greatest during early childhood (e.g., 2 years of age), but recent studies suggest that blood lead concentrations (BPb) taken at 5–7 years of age are more strongly associated with IQ.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the age of greatest susceptibility to lead exposure using an innovative statistical approach that avoids the problem of correlated serial BPb measurements.MethodsWe analyzed two cohorts of children that were followed from infancy to 6 years of age in Rochester, New York (n = 211), and Cincinnati, Ohio (n = 251). Serial BPb levels were measured and IQ tests were done when children were 6 years of age. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the ratio of 6-year BPb to 2-year BPb was added to the multiple regression model to test whether the pattern of BPb profiles during childhood had additional effect on IQ.ResultsThe ratio of BPb at 6 years to the BPb at 2 years showed a strong effect on IQ (p < .001) when added to the multiple regression model that included the average childhood BPb. IQ decreased by 7.0 points for children whose BPb at 6 years of age was 50% greater than that at 2 years compared with children whose 6-year BPb was 50% less than their 2-year BPb. Similarly, criminal arrest rates were a factor of 3.35 higher for those subjects whose 6-year BPb was 50% higher than their 2-year BPb.ConclusionsWe conclude that 6-year BPb is more strongly associated with cognitive and behavioral development than is BPb measured in early childhood.