tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Insurance Status and the Care of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Dementia
Authors: Keith S. Goldfeld, David C. Grabowski, Daryl J. Caudry, Susan L. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Nursing home residents with advanced dementia commonly experience burdensome and costly hospitalizations that may not extend survival or improve the quality of life. Fragmentation in health care has contributed to poor coordination of care for acutely ill nursing home residents.To compare patterns of care and quality outcomes for nursing home residents with advanced dementia covered by managed care with those covered by traditional fee-for-service Medicare.Choices, Attitudes, and Strategies for Care of Advanced Dementia at the End-of-Life (CASCADE) was a prospective cohort study including 22 nursing homes in the Boston, Massachusetts, area that monitored 323 nursing home residents for 18 months to better understand the course of advanced dementia at or near the end of life. Data from CASCADE and Medicare were linked to determine the health insurance status of study participants.The health insurance status of the resident, either managed care or traditional fee for service.The outcomes included survival, symptoms related to comfort, treatment of pain and dyspnea, presence of pressure ulcers, presence of a do-not-hospitalize order, treatment of pneumonia, hospital transfer (admission or emergency department visit) for an acute illness, hospice referral, primary care visits, and family satisfaction with care.Residents enrolled in managed care (n = 133) were more likely to have do-not-hospitalize orders compared with those in traditional Medicare fee for service (n = 158) (63.7% vs 50.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), were less likely to be transferred to the hospital for acute illness (3.8% vs 15.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5), had more primary care visits per 90 days (mean [SD], 4.8 [2.6] vs 4.2 [5.0]; adjusted rate ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6), and had more nurse practitioner visits (3.0 [2.1] vs 0.8 [2.6]; adjusted rate ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2-4.1). Survival, comfort, and other treatment outcomes did not differ significantly across groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Medicare managed-care programs may offer a promising approach to ensure that nursing homes are able to provide appropriate, less burdensome, and affordable care, especially at the end of life.
FIRST-IN-MAN IVUS FINDINGS USING THE MEDTRONIC BIFURCATION STENT IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY BIFURCATION LESIONS
Authors: Kenji Sakata, Bon-Kwon Koo, Daisaku Nakatani, Katsuhisa Waseda, Junya Ako, Paul G. Yock, Yasuhiro Honda, Robert Whitbourn, Stephen Worthley, Ian Meredith, Peter J. Fitzgerald, BRANCH study investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Vitamin A supplementation
Authors: Richard D Semba
Journal: The Lancet (1997)

Christine Stabell Benn and colleagues (July 12, p 101)1Benn CS Aaby P Balé C et al.Randomised trial of effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody reponse to measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau, west Africa.Lancet. 1997; 350: 101-105Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (112) Google Scholar report that vitamin A supplementation did not affect antibody responses to measles vaccine in 9-month-old infants in Guinea-Bissau. We have previously shown that vitamin A supplementation interfered with seroconversion to measles vaccine in 6-month-old infants, especially in infants with maternal antibodies to measles.2Semba RD Munasir Z Beeler J et al.Reduced seroconversion to measles in infants given vitamin A with measles vaccination.Lancet. 1995; 345: 1330-1332Crossref PubMed Scopus (68) Google Scholar At that time, we suggested that this interference was less likely to occur in 9-month-old infants, and welcome our colleagues' confirmation of that hypothesis. We also have similar results from another study in which vitamin A supplementation did not affect seroconversion to measles vaccine in 394 infants aged 9 months in Indonesia.3Semba RD Akib A Beeler J et al.Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles vaccination in nine-month-old infants.Public Health. 1997; 111: 245-247Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar Benn and co-workers' study measured antibody titres at 18 months of age after measles vaccine was given to infants at the ages of 6 and 9 months. By contrast, our study in Indonesia measured antibody titres in infants aged 7 and 12 months after one dose of measles vaccine at 6 months.2Semba RD Munasir Z Beeler J et al.Reduced seroconversion to measles in infants given vitamin A with measles vaccination.Lancet. 1995; 345: 1330-1332Crossref PubMed Scopus (68) Google Scholar The two studies are not directly comparable. The study in Guinea-Bissau cannot rule out the possibility that vitamin A supplementation affected seroconversion to a single dose of measles vaccine in 6-month-old infants, because antibody titres to measles were not measured until after administration of a booster measles vaccine. Both studies provide reassurance regarding the integration of vitamin A supplementation with measles immunisation in infants aged 9 months. However, a disturbing finding from our recent study was that nearly 10% of infants already had evidence of previous natural exposure to measles at 9 months of age.3Semba RD Akib A Beeler J et al.Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles vaccination in nine-month-old infants.Public Health. 1997; 111: 245-247Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar These data suggest that the timing of measles immunisation may need further evaluation in some countries to ensure optimum protection of infants from measles.
Castration for Prostatic Hypertrophy.
Authors: Merrill Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1895)

not be utilized, there is an increase of 30, nearly as many as there are ships, and the medical corps is reduced five numbers-from 170 to 165.Two hundred and thirty-four commanding officers and 165 doctors, 190 engineers and % paymasters.Is not this au absurdity ?Is not this alme bill and a malicious expensive one at that?
Dissection of the Aorta with Pericardial Tamponade: Successful Relief of Tamponade
Authors: P. Sleight
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Mixed Venous Pco2-Godfrey mwim 1165with oxygen.This can be judged accurately enough if the total bag capacity is not more than about 2 litres.Stage I-Preparation of the Bag.-The bag of oxygen is rebreathed until an increase is noted in the depth or rate of respiration.About 10 seconds' more rebreathing is encouraged and the first stage is terminated.Stage 2-Fine Adjustment.-After at least two minutes the prepared bag is rebreathed for 20 seconds and its Pco2 is measured.After a further two-minutes rest (about the time required to analyse the previous sample of gas), the 20-second rebreathing period is repeated.This procedure is continued until the bag Pco2 remains unaltered by the rebreathing.This value is taken as the mixed venous Pco2. SummaryThe problems encountered in the measurement of mixed venous Pco2 by the rebreathing method are discussed.An adaptation of the method is described which allows the use of small-bag volumes without distressing the patient.The time for the initial preparation of the bag is not fixed but depends upon the observation of a change in ventilation which is thought to be a CO2 response.The subsequent 20-second rebreathing periods are repeated to ensure more accurate results.The application of the method to a group of patients is described and the findings are discussed.I am extremely grateful to Dr.
HSP90 Inhibitor 17-AAG Selectively Eradicates Lymphoma Stem Cells
Authors: Bryan Newman, Yan Liu, Hsiu-Fang Lee, Duxin Sun, Yin Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSC; also called tumor-initiating cells) comprise tumor cell subpopulations that preserve the properties of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation of normal stem cells. In addition, CSCs are therapeutically important because of their key contributions toward drug resistance. The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1α is critical for CSC maintenance in mouse lymphoma. In this study, we showed that low concentrations of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG eliminate lymphoma CSCs in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the transcriptional function of HIF1α, a client protein of HSP90. 17-AAG preferentially induced apoptosis and eliminated the colony formation capacity of mouse lymphoma CSCs and human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) CSCs. However, low concentrations of 17-AAG failed to eliminate highly proliferative lymphoma and AML cells (non-CSCs), in which the AKT-GSK3 signaling pathway is constitutively active. The heat shock transcription factor HSF1 is highly expressed in non-CSCs, but it was weakly expressed in lymphoma CSCs. However, siRNA-mediated attenuation of HSF1 abrogated the colony formation ability of both lymphoma and AML CSCs. This study supports the use of 17-AAG as a CSC targeting agent and, in addition, shows that HSF1 is an important target for elimination of both CSCs and non-CSCs in cancer. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4551–61. ©2012 AACR.
Identification of Candidate Molecular Markers Predicting Sensitivity in Solid Tumors to Dasatinib: Rationale for Patient Selection
Authors: Fei Huang, Karen Reeves, Xia Han, Craig Fairchild, Suso Platero, Tai W. Wong, Francis Lee, Peter Shaw, Edwin Clark
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Dasatinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that was recently approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy. It is also in clinical trials for treating patients with solid tumors. The identification of molecular markers predictive of response to dasatinib could assist in clinical development by selecting patients most likely to derive clinical benefit. Using baseline gene expression profiling of a panel of 23 breast cancer cell lines, we identified genomic signatures highly correlated with in vitro sensitivity to dasatinib. The ability of these signatures to predict dasatinib sensitivity was further confirmed and validated in independent test cell lines. A six-gene model was used to correctly predict dasatinib sensitivity in 11 out of 12 (92%) additional breast and 19 out of 23 (83%) lung cancer cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical assays further confirmed the differential expression pattern of selected markers. Finally, these gene signatures were observed in a subset of primary breast, lung, and ovarian tumors suggesting potential utility in patient selection. The subset of breast cancer patients expressing the dasatinib-sensitive signature includes a distinct clinical and molecular subgroup: the so-called “triple negative” (i.e., estrogen receptor–negative, progesterone receptor–negative, and HER2-negative) or “basal” breast cancer subtype. This patient population has a poor prognosis and currently has few effective treatment options. Our results implicate that dasatinib may represent a valuable treatment option in this difficult-to-treat population. To test this hypothesis, clinical studies are now under way to determine the activity of dasatinib in these patients. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2226–38]
As the Blood Supply Gets Safer, Experts Still Call for Ways to Reduce the Need for Transfusions
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN COMPLIANCE with the Food and Drug Administration's recommendation, all blood banks in the United States on June 1 began testing donated blood for the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), a rare strain of the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This latest requirement has lengthened the gauntlet of tests donated blood must be run through before it can be used in transfusions. According to the American Association of Blood Banks, eight screening tests are now used, including tests for the syphilis spirochete (<i>Treponema pallidum</i>), HIV-1, HIV-2, human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and two surrogate tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses. Prior to 1985, blood was screened only for<i>T pallidum</i>and hepatitis B virus (Dane particle). <h3>Not Without Hazards</h3> Indisputably, blood transfusions save the lives of many thousands of patients each year. Nevertheless, there is a growing recognition of the health
Effect of Freund's adjuvant on the mitogenic responses of rat lymphocytes.
Authors: L Kourounakis, M A Kapusta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Theadministration ofFreund's adjuvant torats induces a disease characterized byinflammatory lesions ofsynovial membrane, eye, skin, andgenitourinary system (Pearson andWood,1959). Adjuvantinduced disease (AID)hasbeencompared torheumatoidarthritis andReiter's syndrome inman (Pearson, Waksman,andSharp,1961). AID is generally considered tobea disease ofthymicdependent cell-mediated immunity, mainly because it canbetransferred between highly inbred animals by meansofintact lymphoid cells (Waksmanand Wennersten, 1963). Thepossible virus aetiology ofAID hasbeen discussed inprevious studies (Kapusta andMendelson,1969). Themixedlymphocyte proliferative response invitro wasstudied using spleen cells from normal andFreund's adjuvant-treated rats fromthe sameinbred strain inorder todetermine whether there weresignificant virus-induced surface antigenic differences between these twopopulations ofcells. Theproliferative responses oflymphoid cells from adjuvant-treated rats wasfound tobeunpredictable. Inorder toclarify this problem, itwasdecided to study theresponsiveness ofthese cells tovarious mitogens. Theresults tobepresented demonstrate that Freund's adjuvant alters theresponses oflymphocytes fromvarious lymphoid organs tophytohaemagglutinin (PHA)andpokeweed mitogen (PWM)in widely different ways.Further, these results differ fromthose previously reported inmice(Scott, 1972
Association between serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin level and the severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Hideki Nakasone, Phan Nguyen Thanh Binh, Rie Yamazaki, Yukie Tanaka, Kana Sakamoto, Masahiro Ashizawa, Miki Sato, Kiriko Terasako, Shun-ichi Kimura, Misato Kikuchi, Shinichi Kako, Shinya Okuda, Kumi Oshima, Aki Tanihara, Junji Nishida, Yasunori Abe, Yoshinobu Kanda
Journal: Blood (2011)
Categories, life, and thinking
Authors: Michael T. Ghiselin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1981)

Abstract Classifying is a fundamental operation in the acquisition of knowledge. Taxonomic theory can help students of cognition, evolutionary psychology, ethology, anatomy, and sociobiology to avoid serious mistakes, both practical and theoretical. More positively, it helps in generating hypotheses useful to a wide range of disciplines. Composite wholes, such as species and societies, are “individuals” in the logical sense, and should not be treated as if they were classes. A group of analogous features is a natural kind, but a group of homologous features is not. Imposing hypotheses justified only on the basis of nominalist, realist, phenomenalist, or conceptualist metaphysics upon the neurophysiology of organisms or upon the causes of behavior exemplifies the “psychologist's fallacy” of William James. Levels should be distinguished from their members and from classes of levels, and the ontological status of entities ranked at levels should be made clear. It is important not to confuse such categories as substance and process with one another. Several genetical terms, such as “gene” and chromosome,” are even more equivocal than has been realized. Discussions about units of selection, behavior, and thinking suffer from the ambiguity of a “unit of” an entity. An important source of misunderstanding about natural selection is the habit of treating it as an “agent”: in an important sense, natural selection does not “act” at all.
Mortality from lung cancer in workers exposed to sulfur dioxide in the pulp and paper industry.
Authors: Won Jin Lee, Kay Teschke, Timo Kauppinen, Aage Andersen, Paavo Jäppinen, Irena Szadkowska-Stanczyk, Neil Pearce, Bodil Persson, Alain Bergeret, Luiz Augusto Facchini, Reiko Kishi, Danuta Kielkowski, Bo Andreassen Rix, Paul Henneberger, Jordi Sunyer, Didier Colin, Manolis Kogevinas, Paolo Boffetta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Our objective in this study was to evaluate the mortality of workers exposed to sulfur dioxide in the pulp and paper industry. The cohort included 57,613 workers employed for at least 1 year in the pulp and paper industry in 12 countries. We assessed exposure to SO(2) at the level of mill and department, using industrial hygiene measurement data and information from company questionnaires; 40,704 workers were classified as exposed to SO(2). We conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age-specific and calendar period-specific national mortality rates. We also conducted a Poisson regression analysis to determine the dose-response relations between SO(2) exposure and cancer mortality risks and to explore the effect of potential confounding factors. The SMR analysis showed a moderate deficit of all causes of death [SMR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.96] among exposed workers. Lung cancer mortality was marginally increased among exposed workers (SMR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.18). After adjustment for occupational coexposures, the lung cancer risk was increased compared with unexposed workers (rate ratio = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14-1.96). There was a suggestion of a positive relationship between weighted cumulative SO(2) exposure and lung cancer mortality (p-value of test for linear trend = 0.009 among all exposed workers; p = 0.3 among workers with high exposure). Neither duration of exposure nor time since first exposure was associated with lung cancer mortality. Mortality from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and from leukemia was increased among workers with high SO(2) exposure; a dose-response relationship with cumulative SO(2) exposure was suggested for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. For the other causes of death, there was no evidence of increased mortality associated with exposure to SO(2). Although residual confounding may have occurred, our results suggest that occupational exposure to SO(2) in the pulp and paper industry may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
Matrix Protein–Specific Regulation of Cx43 Expression in Cardiac Myocytes Subjected to Mechanical Load
Authors: Amit J. Shanker, Kiyomi Yamada, Karen G. Green, Kathryn A. Yamada, Jeffrey E. Saffitz
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

To elucidate mechanisms responsible for mechanotransduction in the heart and define the effects of remodeling of the extracellular matrix, we cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes on native type I collagen, fibronectin, or denatured collagen and subjected them to uniaxial, pulsatile stretch. Changes in expression of the cardiac gap junction protein, Cx43, were measured by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. Cells grown on fibronectin or denatured collagen exhibited significantly greater Cx43 expression than cells grown on native collagen. Stretch induced a approximately 2-fold increase in Cx43 expression in cells grown on native collagen but no increase in cells grown on fibronectin or denatured collagen. Incubation of cells on native collagen with a peptide containing the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif upregulated Cx43 expression equivalent to that induced by stretch. Nonselective activation of integrin signaling with MnCl2 also upregulated Cx43 expression in cells grown on native collagen. This effect was blocked completely by pretreatment with anti-beta1 integrin antibody but not by anti-beta3 integrin antibody. Stretch led to a marked increase in beta1 integrin immunofluorescent signal in cells grown on native collagen but not in cells grown on fibronectin or denatured collagen. Stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 was also blocked by anti-beta1 integrin antibody. Thus, matrix protein-myocyte interactions regulate Cx43 expression via beta1 integrin signaling initiated by mechanical stimulation in cells grown on native type I collagen, or by RGD-integrin signaling independent of mechanical stress in cells grown on fibronectin or denatured collagen. Changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix may affect electrical coupling in cardiac myocytes.
Treatment of functional mitral regurgitation by percutaneous annuloplasty: results of the TITAN Trial
Authors: Tomasz Siminiak, Justina C. Wu, Michael Haude, Uta C. Hoppe, Jerzy Sadowski, Janusz Lipiecki, Jean Fajadet, Amil M. Shah, Ted Feldman, David M. Kaye, Steven L. Goldberg, Wayne C. Levy, Scott D. Solomon, David G. Reuter
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) contributes to morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether percutaneous mitral annuloplasty could safely and effectively reduce FMR and yield durable long-term clinical benefit.The impact of mitral annuloplasty (Carillon Mitral Contour System) was evaluated in HF patients with at least moderate FMR. Patients in whom the device was placed then acutely recaptured for clinical reasons served as a comparator group. Quantitative measures of FMR, left ventricular (LV) dimensions, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, 6 min walk distance (6MWD), and quality of life were assessed in both groups up to 12 months. Safety and key functional data were assessed in the implanted cohort up to 24 months. Thirty-six patients received a permanent implant; 17 had the device recaptured. The 30-day major adverse event rate was 1.9%. In contrast to the comparison group, the implanted cohort demonstrated significant reductions in FMR as represented by regurgitant volume [baseline 34.5 ±11.5 mL to 17.4 ±12.4 mL at 12 months (P < 0.001)]. There was a corresponding reduction in LV diastolic volume [baseline 208.5 ±62.0 mL to 178.9 ±48.0 mL at 12 months (P =0.015)] and systolic volume [baseline 151.8 ±57.1 mL to 120.7 ±43.2 mL at 12 months (P =0.015)], compared with progressive LV dilation in the comparator. The 6MWD markedly improved for the implanted patients by 102.5 ±164 m at 12 months (P =0.014) and 131.9 ±80 m at 24 months (P < 0.001).Percutaneous reduction of FMR using a coronary sinus approach is associated with reverse LV remodelling. Significant clinical improvements persisted up to 24 months.
From the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Richard G. Wyatt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

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