tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Surgical and Orthopaedic Treatment of Infantile Paralysis
Authors: B. Roth
Journal: BMJ (1884)

TIS" IZI 4 inajityjbf -disesses, and despebialky forn Mfedtiouc sq,ifai.tt -1* olllined dtll ,re'Aave found out their iauea.Jnd, u e ,; B pat, frm 'this ,I imagine we a debaeean verycesise;b)e idte from the discovery of the comnuba s. ithi0k, firtgiohwQw Ws -,( -RWle itin a diagnostic direeties.It,is high-y imiprtant tht a vr- reetdiagnosis-shod:be ttaken of t first e*se whih scour in a couatry' or Iocality-According to my view, by.shovingthepne oe orabsence, of chlera-baoi1i, *e can say, with cetainty whether, we ave cholera before inSor noL This seems to me to be a vbry esentialadvantage, I further tink that, after having become acquainted with th-e real causeof te disease and its qualities, the etiology of cholera can be constrtcted on definite and fixed lines, and that weshall st length get rid of many contradictions.We shal now obtain a firm,basis for an unifoim action -that knows the end at which it is aiming.I antici- ipate-speciil;advantage from the obeervation that comma-bacilli are killed by being dried.-iIt is true 'that the fact that the infectious 'matt8r of cholera is destroyed by being dried, ought properly to hAve been discovered be- fore by experience, but experimental supports were wanting, and people were never certain on this point... Now we can regard this as a positive property of the infectiousc matter, and-;in.futuretake this property into-account.But, above all, we can dedtce this advantage, that Aii-end will at length be-ptt W the fearful squadering of disin- fectants' and that millions will nct agin, as in the--lst epidemicss -be poure4-isrto tutters and cespools withot-the slightest advantage.For the rest, I hope that the recognition of the cotima-hacilli be turned to iebcount therapeutically.We shall be able; in-fiiture, even in the less severe cases, and in the first stages, to take a diagnosis.In accokdance withthis, therapeutic experients, alAo, wil have more certainty when it is known that the patient is really suffering from cholea.An early diagnosis mnist, however, -be of -all the greater value; as the chance of therapeutic success i8s precisely greatest in the first stages. .---Profesor VIRCHOW, after thanking Dr. Koch for giving this long and detailed account of his views, said: ' I say decidedly for myself that, from the beginning,.I thought
FGFR2 genotype and risk of radiation-associated breast cancer in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yussanne P. Ma, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Rosie Cooke, Annegien Broeks, Victor Enciso-Mora, Bianca Olver, Amy Lloyd, Peter Broderick, Nicola S. Russell, Cecile Janus, Alan Ashworth, Richard S. Houlston, Anthony J. Swerdlow
Journal: Blood (2011)
Sand Aspiration with Near-drowning
Authors: DONNIE P. DUNAGAN, JOSEPH E. COX, MICHAEL C. CHANG, EDWARD F. HAPONIK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Sand and foreign-body aspiration may accompany drowning and near-drowning, but few details regarding such patients are available in the literature. We report a 26-yr-old woman who suffered near-drowning after a motor-vehicle accident. Initial attempts at ventilation were compromised by increased peak airway pressures, which decreased following the removal of large amounts of sand from the patient's endotracheal tube. Chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the patient obtained upon her arrival in the emergency department demonstrated sand bronchograms within the lower lobes of both lungs, and sand within the maxillary sinuses and stomach. We present the radiographic, bronchoscopic, and microbiologic findings within hours after this patient's accident, with a review of the literature and provisional recommendations for the management of such patients.
Australian government tries to stop independent advice on diabetes drugs
Authors: B. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Australian Department of Health and Ageing has admitted that it lobbied an independent agency, which advises doctors and consumers on appropriate use of drugs, to exclude two diabetes drugs from its review programme.

In October the government announced that Eli Lilly's Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride) and GlaxoSmithKline's Avandia (rosiglitazone maleate) would be included on the schedule of drugs subsidised by the government to treat type 2 diabetes.

As part of the deal on the two drugs, the details of which are deemed “commercial in confidence,” the …
Most doctors have negative experiences of reporting incidents
Authors: K. Stewart, R. Harrison, R. Lawton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors may not report adverse events or speak up when they witness poor care because of fear of punitive action or lack of confidence that reporting will change anything.1 Detrimental psychological effects associated with their patients experiencing adverse events may also deter reporting.2 Negative previous experiences of incident reporting and investigations compound these effects.3

Berwick described a culture of …
Abstract 5502: Metrics other than potency reveal systematic variation in responses to cancer drugs
Authors: Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani, Saman Honarnejad, Laura M. Heiser, Joe W. Gray, Peter K. Sorger
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Most analyses of cellular responses to anti-cancer drugs focus on variation in potency (e.g. GI50 or IC50) under the assumption that potency is the most important difference between effective and ineffective drugs or sensitive and resistant cells. We took a multi-parametric approach involving analysis of additional features such as maximum effect (Emax), the slope of the dose-response curve (Hill Slope; HS), and the area under the curve (AUC). We found that a subset of these parameters varies in a systematic manner with cell line and another subset with drug class. For cell cycle inhibitors, Emax generally correlates with cell proliferation rate but this is not always true: Emax ∼ 0 for S-phase specific drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin across multiple cell lines. For drugs targeting the Akt/PI3K/mTOR pathway the slope of the dose-response curve is unusually shallow (HS &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 1). Classical pharmacology has no ready explanation for this phenomenon but single-cell analysis showed that it correlated with significant and heritable cell-to-cell variability in the extent of target inhibition. We conclude that parameters other than potency should be considered in the comparative analysis of drug response, particularly at clinically relevant concentrations near and above IC50. Citation Format: Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani, Saman Honarnejad, Laura M. Heiser, Joe W. Gray, Peter K. Sorger. Metrics other than potency reveal systematic variation in responses to cancer drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5502. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5502
The Role of Premature Beats in the Initiation and the Termination of Supraventricular Tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: D. DURRER, L. SCHOO, R. M. SCHUILENBURG, H. J. J. WELLENS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In four patients with WPW syndrome atrial and ventricular premature beats were induced and the changes in form of the ventricular and atrial complexes were studied. Results indicate that, depending upon the timing of the premature atrial beat and the state of refractoriness of the His and Kent bundles, excitation of the ventricles occurs predominantly through the atrioventricular nodal system, predominantly through the Kent bundle or exclusively through one or both conduction systems. With short delays conduction through the Kent bundle may be blocked and only normal excitation of the ventricles occurs. In one patient with a history of attacks of tachycardia these normal QRS complexes were followed by retrograde activation of the atria by the Kent bundle, and attacks of supraventricular tachycardia of shorter or larger duration occurred. They stopped spontaneously, sometimes by delay or block, either of retrograde Kent conduction or of antegrade A-V nodal conduction, making it possible for the sinus node to capture the ventricles. They also could be terminated by induced atrial premature beats. In two patients tachycardias could be induced by appropriately timed ventricular premature beats during regular driving of the right ventricle. In one of these patients a circus movement, involving the Kent bundle, is probably present. By appropriate stimulation of the atria or ventricles during an attack of supraventricular tachycardia in this patient, one cycle length could be shortened without changing those of the following beats. These results suggest that a circus movement involving the atria, the normal atrioventricular conduction system and the Kent bundle is present. In the other patient, not fulfilling the WPW criteria, ventricular or atrial premature beats did not interfere with the basic rhythm of the tachycardia. Two hypotheses for this tachycardia are given: nodal tachycardia caused by rapid firing of the A-V node or a nodal tachycardia caused by a reciprocal mechanism in the A-V junction. The attacks could be blocked too by appropriately timed atrial and ventricular premature beats. No ventricular type of tachycardia could be demonstrated.
Renal damage in experimentally-induced cirrhosis in rats: Role of oxygen free radicals
Authors: Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Jayasree Basivireddy, Anup Ramachandran, Simmy Thomas, Prabhu Ramamoorthy, Anna B. Pulimood, Molly Jacob, Kunissery A. Balasubramanian
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Cirrhosis with ascites is associated with impaired renal function accompanied by sodium and water retention. Although it has been suggested that mediators such as nitric oxide play a role in the development of renal failure in this situation, other mechanisms underlying the process are not well understood. This study examined the role of oxidative stress in mediating renal damage during the development of cirrhosis in order to understand mechanisms involved in the process. It was shown that carbon tetrachloride– or thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis in rats results in oxidative stress in the kidney as seen by increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, accompanied by altered antioxidant status. Cirrhosis was also found to affect renal mitochondrial function, as assessed by measurement of the respiratory control ratio, the swelling of mitochondria, and calcium flux across mitochondrial membranes. Increased lipid peroxidation and changes in lipid composition were evident in the renal brush border membranes, with compromised transport of 14C glucose across these membranes. In conclusion, renal alterations produced as a result of cirrhosis in the rat are possibly mediated by oxidative stress. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43: 1248–1256.)
Accelerated Aging of US Presidents
Authors: Gary Goldbaum
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2454: Ampk and hdac pathways and regulation rassf1c gene expression
Authors: Yousef G. Amaar, Mark E. Reeves, Matthew Firek
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: We have previously shown that RASSF1C promotes cell proliferation, migration and attenuates apoptosis in cancer cells. We have also shown that RASSF1C is significantly up-regulated in breast and lung cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Together these demonstrate that RASSF1C, is not a tumor suppressor like RASSF1A, but instead appears to function as an oncoprotein. Currently nothing is known about the upstream signaling cascades involved in regulating RASSF1C gene expression and thus we performed transcriptome PCR array study to identify chemicals inhibitors that modulate(s) RASSF1C expression. Method: A transcriptome PCR array was obtained from Qiagen. It consisted of cDNA from breast cancer cell line MCF7 cells treated with 90 different chemical inhibitors that regulate various signaling pathways. The array was screened with RASSF1C gene specific primers. Data analysis was performed by importing the Ct values obtained into data analysis software. Results: The PCR array screen identified several chemical reagents that appear to up-regulate and several that seem to down-regulate RASSF1C expression by ≥ 1.5 fold. The two most notable reagents are Dorsopmorhin (AMPK inhibitor) which up-regulates RASSF1C expression by 2.8 fold and Trichostatin A (HDAC inhibitor) which down regulates RASSF1C expression by 2 fold. We are in process of confirming the effect of these inhibitors in a panel of breast and lung cancer cells. Conclusion: The findings are novel and suggest that inhibition of AMPK pathway induces RASSF1C expression while inhibition of HDAC pathway suppresses RASSF1C gene expression. We should note that Trichostatin A has been shown to activate AMPK, inhibits HDAC, arrests cell growth, and induces apoptosis in human cancers. Our findings provide a potential mechanism for regulating RASSF1C gene expression through the modulation of AMPK and HDAC pathways. Citation Format: Yousef G. Amaar, Mark E. Reeves, Matthew Firek. Ampk and hdac pathways and regulation rassf1c gene expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2454. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2454
Teaching medical students about disability
Authors: A R Fielder, T Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Alleyna Claxton rightly emphasises that medical education on the special needs of disabled people should start with undergraduates.1 But we need to decide what undergraduates need to know and how that knowledge should be imparted. Furthermore, because students learn much in medical schools that is instantly forgotten once the exams are over we need to show that doctors have a positive role in their work with disabled people, so that at least some of what is learnt is likely to be retained.

The most important message to impart is that the traditional model of diagnosis-treatment- cure is …
Analysis of pulmonary vascular responses in cats to sympathetic nerve stimulation under elevated tone conditions. Evidence that neuronally released norepinephrine acts on alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta 2-adrenoceptors.
Authors: A L Hyman, H L Lippton, P J Kadowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The influence of an increase in vascular tone on responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and the receptors mediating these responses were investigated in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat. Under conditions of controlled blood flow and constant left atrial pressure, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the lung elicited a biphasic response characterized by an initial increase in lobar arterial pressure followed closely by a decrease. The response to nerve stimulation was reproducible with respect to time and was not altered when a delay coil was added to the perfusion circuit, indicating that the response was directly mediated. The increase in pressure was reduced by prazosin and by yohimbine, whereas the decrease in pressure was blocked by propranolol or ICI 118551. These data suggest that the pressor component of the response is mediated by alpha 1- and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors, whereas the depressor response is mediated by beta 2-receptors. The pressor response was enhanced by propranolol or ICI 118551, whereas the depressor response was enhanced by prazosin or yohimbine, suggesting that the response to nerve stimulation represents the net effect of the actions of neuronally released norepinephrine on alpha- and beta-receptors. The pressor response to nerve stimulation was enhanced when tone was elevated with a prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue and when beta-receptors were blocked. The effects of an increase in tone and a passive increase in pressure on responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathology for the G.P
Authors: M. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Aims</h3> To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of combined cataract surgery and Glaukos iStent implantation for coexistent open-angle glaucoma and cataract. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective, non-comparative, uncontrolled, non-randomised, interventional case series study. Subjects older than 18 years with coexistent uncontrolled mild or moderate open-angle glaucoma (including pseudoexfoliative and pigmentary) and cataract underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation along with ab-interno gonioscopically guided implantation of one Glaukos iStent. The variables recorded during a minimum of 3 years of follow-up were: intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications and best-corrected visual acuity. <h3>Results</h3> The 19 patients enrolled were 58–88 years old (mean age 74.6±8.44 years). Mean follow-up was 53.68±9.26 months. Mean IOP was reduced from 19.42±1.89 mm Hg to 16.26±4.23 mm Hg (p=0.002) at the end of follow up, indicating a 16.33% decrease in IOP. The mean number of pressure-lowering medications used by the patients fell from 1.32±0.48 to 0.84±0.89 (p=0.046). In 42% of patients, no antiglaucoma medications were used at the end of follow-up. Mean best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from 0.29±0.13 to 0.62±0.3 (p&lt;0.001). No complications of surgery were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Combined cataract surgery and Glaukos iStent implantation seems to be an effective and safe procedure to treat coexistent open-angle glaucoma and cataract.
Long-Term Effects of Dihydrotestosterone Treatment on Prostate Growth in Healthy, Middle-Aged Men Without Prostate Disease
Authors: Amanda Idan, Kaye A. Griffiths, D. Tim Harwood, Markus J. Seibel, Leo Turner, Ann J. Conway, David J. Handelsman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Benign prostatic hypertrophy increases with age and can result in substantially decreased quality of life for older men. Surgery is often required to control symptoms. It has been hypothesized that long-term administration of a nonamplifiable pure androgen might decrease prostate growth, thereby decreasing or delaying the need for surgical intervention. Objective: To test the hypothesis that dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a nonamplifiable and nonaromatizable pure androgen, reduces late-life prostate growth in middle-aged men. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12605000358640) Setting: Ambulatory care research center. Participants: Healthy men (n = 114) older than 50 years without known prostate disease. Intervention: Transdermal DHT (70 mg) or placebo gel daily for 2 years. Measurements: Prostate volume was measured by ultrasonography; bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; and blood samples and questionnaires were collected every 6 months, with data analyzed by mixed-model analysis for repeated measures. Results: Over 24 months, there was an increase in total (29% [95% CI, 23% to 34%]) and central (75% [CI, 64% to 86%]; P < 0.01) prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen level (15% [CI, 6% to 24%]) with time on study, but DHT had no effect (P > 0.2). Dihydrotestosterone treatment decreased spinal BMD (1.4% [CI, 0.6% to 2.3%]; P < 0.001) at 24 months but not hip BMD (P > 0.2) and increased serum aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen in the second year of the study compared with placebo. Dihydrotestosterone increased serum DHT levels and its metabolites (5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol) and suppressed serum testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Dihydrotestosterone increased hemoglobin levels (7% [CI, 5% to 9%]), serum creatinine levels (9% [CI, 5% to 11%]), and lean mass (2.4% [CI, 1.6% to 3.1%) but decreased fat mass (5.2% [CI, 2.6% to 7.7%]) (P <0.001 for all). Protocol-specific discontinuations due to DHT were asymptomatic increased hematocrit (n = 8), which resolved after stopping treatment, and increased prostate-specific antigen levels (n = 3; none with prostate cancer) in the DHT group. No serious adverse effects due to DHT occurred. Limitation: Negative findings on prostate growth cannot exclude adverse effects on the natural history of prostate cancer. Conclusion: Dihydrotestosterone treatment for 24 months has no beneficial or adverse effect on prostate growth but causes a decrease in spinal but not hip BMD. These findings have important implications for the wider use of nonsteroidal pure androgens in older men. Primary Funding Source: BHR Pharma.