tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydralazine, antinuclear antibodies, and the lupus syndrome.
Authors: R Mansilla-Tinoco, S J Harland, P J Ryan, R M Bernstein, C T Dollery, G R Hughes, C J Bulpitt, A Morgan, J M Jones
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The incidence of patients with positive antinuclear antibody test results rose during three years of treatment with hydralazine. At the end of that period over half of the patients (both rapid and slow acetylators) had titres exceeding 1/20, but the rate of rise was faster in the slow acetylators than in the rapid. There was a significant relation between the cumulative dose of hydralazine and the proportion of patients found to have antinuclear factors. Fewer black patients had positive test results than white. Patients whose antinuclear antibody test results changed fron negative to positive during the study showed this change five to 26 months after beginning treatment. Some patients showed a substantial fall in antinuclear antibody titre even though hydralazine was continued. From these findings patients in whom test results for antinuclear antibody became positive during treatment with hydralazine need not have the drug stopped unless they have clinical features of the lupus syndrome.
Emergency airway management in the UK
Authors: A. C Steel
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Erdheim-Chester diseaseDr Lee and his colleagues (April 2005 JRSM 1 ) describe a case of renal failure in which the radiographic appearance of bone pointed to Erdheim-Chester disease, a histiocytosis.Among the organs affected in this condition they mention pericardium.We think it important to emphasize the frequency with which heart, pericardium and great vessels are affected.Recording 6 new patients with cardiovascular involvement, Haroche et al. 2 have reviewed all 178 reported cases of Erdheim-Chester disease.56% had periaortic fibrosis, 44% pericardial infiltration and/or effusions and 31% myocardial infiltration.Interestingly, 6 patients had a right atrial myxoma.Of the 58 patients with follow-up data, 31% died from cardiovascular complications.
Organ Procurement and Perfusion before Transplantation
Authors: Stefan G. Tullius, Guillermo García-Cardeña
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Organ transplantation is one of the great success stories of modern medicine. Living-donor kidney transplantations between identical twins during the early 1950s first demonstrated the overall feasibility of this procedure and ultimately paved the way to long-term success. Outcomes improved rapidly with a greater understanding of the immunobiology of graft rejection, with more refined surgical techniques, with scientific advancements in fields related to transplantation, and, most importantly, with the advent and continuous refinement of immunosuppressive agents.Research in the area of organ procurement and preservation began even before the first successful clinical transplantations. Before World War II, in France Alex . . .
Short-term Correction of Arginase Deficiency in a Neonatal Murine Model With a Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vector
Authors: Chia-Ling Gau, Robin A Rosenblatt, Vincenzo Cerullo, Fides D Lay, Adrienne C Dow, Justin Livesay, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Brendan Lee, Stephen D Cederbaum, Wayne W Grody, Gerald S Lipshutz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Neonatal gene therapy has the potential to ameliorate abnormalities before disease onset. Our gene knockout of arginase I (AI) deficiency is characterized by increasing hyperammonemia, neurological deterioration, and early death. We constructed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDV) carrying AI and examined for correction of this defect. Neonates were administered 5 × 109 viral particles/g and analyzed for survival, arginase activity, and ammonia and amino acids levels. The life expectancy of arg−/− mice increased to 27 days while controls died at 14 days with hyperammonemia and in extremis. Death correlated with a decrease in viral DNA/RNA per cell as liver mass increased. Arginase assays demonstrated that vector-injected hepatocytes had ∼20% activity of heterozygotes at 2 weeks of age. Hepatic arginine and ornithine in treated mice were similar to those of saline-injected heterozygotes at 2 weeks, whereas ammonia was normal. By 26 days, arginase activity in the treated arg−/− livers declined to <10%, and arginine and ornithine increased. Ammonia levels began increasing by day 25, suggesting the cause of death to be similar to that of uninjected arg−/− mice, albeit at a later time. These studies demonstrate that the AI deficient newborn mouse can be temporarily corrected and rescued using a HDV. Neonatal gene therapy has the potential to ameliorate abnormalities before disease onset. Our gene knockout of arginase I (AI) deficiency is characterized by increasing hyperammonemia, neurological deterioration, and early death. We constructed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDV) carrying AI and examined for correction of this defect. Neonates were administered 5 × 109 viral particles/g and analyzed for survival, arginase activity, and ammonia and amino acids levels. The life expectancy of arg−/− mice increased to 27 days while controls died at 14 days with hyperammonemia and in extremis. Death correlated with a decrease in viral DNA/RNA per cell as liver mass increased. Arginase assays demonstrated that vector-injected hepatocytes had ∼20% activity of heterozygotes at 2 weeks of age. Hepatic arginine and ornithine in treated mice were similar to those of saline-injected heterozygotes at 2 weeks, whereas ammonia was normal. By 26 days, arginase activity in the treated arg−/− livers declined to <10%, and arginine and ornithine increased. Ammonia levels began increasing by day 25, suggesting the cause of death to be similar to that of uninjected arg−/− mice, albeit at a later time. These studies demonstrate that the AI deficient newborn mouse can be temporarily corrected and rescued using a HDV.
Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is a welcome third edition to a textbook that has become a classic in gastroenterology. The book has ambitious aims, attempting to be a basic textbook for residents, fellows, practitioners, and gastroenterologists as well as providing current knowledge in pathophysiology to satisfy investigators as well as clinicians. It achieves its objectives in providing a thorough textbook of clinical gastroenterology and a concise but readable discussion of the basic science foundation of gastroenterology.  There have been major advances since 1978, when the last edition appeared, in many areas of gastroenterology, in the understanding of pathophysiology of disease states, in therapy available for diseases, and in the basic sciences. These advances have been covered well in this book, which has been reorganized. Many chapters are completely rewritten. The chapter on gastrointestinal (GI) tract hormones has been revised to discuss the role of these peptides both as neurotransmitters in the CNS and
Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE standard of achievement in the repair of the unilateral cleft lip‡ has undergone important changes in recent decades. Historically, each generation has tried to better the results of the preceding one. Many methods of lip repair have been described. Some have caught the surgeon's imagination and gained wide acceptance, and others have been forgotten. Those surviving have depicted each incision in a precise geometric pattern indicated by lines and dots with a methylene blue dye punctured on the skin. This preliminary marking of the incisions ensures accurate cutting and fitting of the opposing edges of the lip.The present . . .
Clinical Research in General Medical Journals
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher, Suzanne W. Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Little is known about the frequency with which various research designs appear in the clinical literature and how this frequency has changed in recent years. This study describes the research designs used in 612 articles randomly selected from original research published in three general medical journals from 1946 to 1976. Cross-sectional studies increased from 25 to 44 per cent, cohort studies declined from 59 to 34 per cent, and clinical trials increased from 13 to 21 per cent of articles (P less than 0.001). Randomized controlled trials comprised 5 per cent of articles published in 1976 and were not represented 30 years before. In 1976, 37 per cent of articles reported on 10 subjects or less, and this number has not changed substantially since 1946. The frequency of studies with weak research designs has increased in these general medical journals over the past 30 years. The trend deserves critical attention.
Further Observations on the Treatment of Superficial Thrombophlebitis with Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin)
Authors: IRWIN D. STEIN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Phenylbutazone is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. It was effective in modifying or causing the resolution of superficial thrombophlebitis in the extremities of 132 patients in whom this condition had proven refractory or difficult to manage. The short course of treatment which proved necessary to accomplish this end, makes this drug a practical and relatively safe addition to the management of superficial vein inflammation.
Lobbying, Campaign Contributions, and Health Care Reform
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

With health care reform in the air, interest groups are spending huge sums of money to influence the final legislation and other matters pending in Washington. Since 2006, the health sector has spent $1.7 billion lobbying Congress and federal agencies — more money than any other sector of the economy. Between January and September 2009, health care interests spent $396.2 million (see Figure 1), according to federal data collected by the Center for Responsive Politics (www.opensecrets.org), a nonpartisan organization that researches the influence of money on politics. If current trends continue, the health sector is likely to spend more than a . . .
Age-related macular degeneration in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects: a 10-year follow-up on evolution, risk factors, and prognostic significance.
Authors: R M Voutilainen-Kaunisto, M E Teräsvirta, M I Uusitupa, L K Niskanen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evolution of visual acuity, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and its relation to 10-year cardiovascular mortality and risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A 10-year prospective study consisting of a representative group of 133 (70 men, 63 women) newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed at health centers between 1979 and 1981 and 144 (62 men, 82 women) nondiabetic control subjects recruited from the population register was performed. The frequency of AMD was determined by grading of 45 degrees stereoscopic fundus photographs. The subjects were studied at baseline and after 5 and 10 years. RESULTS: By the 10-year follow-up, visual acuity had declined more markedly in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. Although the frequency of AMD was nearly the same in both groups (11-19%), it decreased visual acuity earlier in the diabetic patients than in the control group. AMD at baseline predicted 10-year cardiovascular mortality independently of adjustment for other risk factors in the diabetic patients (odds ratio [95% CI] 4.7 [1.1-19.3], P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity deteriorated earlier in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients than in the control group although the cross-sectional frequency of AMD was nearly the same in both groups. Interestingly, AMD was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, but the background mechanism(s) behind this association is unknown.
Blood Volume Changes Following Closure of Intracardiac Left-to-Right Shunts
Authors: Alan B. Gazzaniga
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Total blood volume was measured by means of iodinated I<sup>131</sup>serum albumin and a semiautomatic instrument (Volemetron) in seven male patients with atrial septal defects and seven male patients with ventricular septal defects. All 14 patients underwent open repair of their cardiac lesion. Measurements were made preoperatively, 12 to 14 days postoperatively, and eight to ten weeks postoperatively. In the atrial septal defect group there was a 10% decrease in total blood volume eight to ten weeks postoperatively. In the ventricular septal defect group there was a 9% decrease in total blood volume eight to ten weeks postoperatively. Both plasma and red blood cell volume were significantly reduced in the former group. In the latter group the only significant reduction was in plasma, although six of the seven patients had a small reduction in red blood cell volume.
Lactobacillus probiotic protects intestinal epithelium from radiation injury in a TLR-2/cyclo-oxygenase-2-dependent manner
Authors: Matthew A Ciorba, Terrence E Riehl, M Suprada Rao, Clara Moon, Xueping Ee, Gerardo M Nava, Monica R Walker, Jeffrey M Marinshaw, Thaddeus S Stappenbeck, William F Stenson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> The small intestinal epithelium is highly sensitive to radiation and is a major site of injury during radiation therapy and environmental overexposure. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine probiotic bacteria as potential radioprotective agents in the intestine. <h3>Methods</h3> 8-week-old C57BL/6 wild-type or knockout mice were administered probiotic by gavage for 3 days before 12 Gy whole body radiation. The intestine was evaluated for cell-positional apoptosis (6 h) and crypt survival (84 h). <h3>Results</h3> Gavage of 5×10<sup>7</sup><i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG (LGG) improved crypt survival about twofold (p&lt;0.01); the effect was observed when administered before, but not after, radiation. Conditioned medium (CM) from LGG improved crypt survival (1.95-fold, p&lt;0.01), and both LGG and LGG-CM reduced epithelial apoptosis particularly at the crypt base (33% to 18%, p&lt;0.01). LGG was detected in the distal ileal contents after the gavage cycle, but did not lead to a detectable shift in bacterial family composition. The reduction in epithelial apoptosis and improved crypt survival offered by LGG was lost in MyD88<sup>−/−</sup>, TLR-2<sup>−/−</sup> and cyclo-oxygenase-2<sup>−/−</sup> (COX-2) mice but not TLR-4<sup>−/−</sup> mice. LGG administration did not lead to increased jejunal COX-2 mRNA or prostaglandin E2 levels or a change in number of COX-2-expressing cells. However, a location shift was observed in constitutively COX-2-expressing cells of the lamina propria from the villi to a position near the crypt base (villi to crypt ratio 80:20 for control and 62:38 for LGG; p&lt;0.001). Co-staining revealed these COX-2-expressing small intestinal lamina propria cells to be mesenchymal stem cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LGG or its CM reduce radiation-induced epithelial injury and improve crypt survival. A TLR-2/MyD88 signalling mechanism leading to repositioning of constitutive COX-2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to the crypt base is invoked.
F-Actin Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Recognized by DNGR-1, a Receptor for Dead Cells
Authors: Susan Ahrens, Santiago Zelenay, David Sancho, Pavel Hanč, Svend Kjær, Christoph Feest, Georgina Fletcher, Charlotte Durkin, Antonio Postigo, Mark Skehel, Facundo Batista, Barry Thompson, Michael Way, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Oliver Schulz
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Hemoglobin H Disease and Mental Retardation
Authors: D. J. Weatherall, D. R. Higgs, C. Bunch, J. M. Old, D. M. Hunt, L. Pressley, J. B. Clegg, N. C. Bethlenfalvay, S. Sjolin, R. D. Koler, E. Magenis, J. L. Francis, D. Bebbington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Each of three families of northern European origin contains a mentally retarded son with hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease. One parent is a carrier of mild alpha-thalassemia and the other is normal, suggesting that this form of Hb H disease results from the interaction between an inherited defect of alpha-chain production and one member of the pair in chromosome 16 and a new mutation on the other. Restriction-enzyme analysis indicated that the new mutation was not the same in the other three patients, and demonstrated at least two hitherto undescribed lesions involving the alpha-globin gene cluster. Unless the association between the Hb H disease and mental retardation is fortuitous, the new mutations may also be related to the development changes in these children. Since the mutations only came to light because there was concurrent inheritance of an additional alpha-thalassemia determinant, this type of mutation of chromosome 16 may have been overlooked in other mentally retarded patients.
Radiotherapy work-load statistics.
Authors: M McEvedy
Journal: BMJ (1980)

discussing the problems of working with the elderly, and the usefulness of bringing in aspects of normal life and using appropriate activities as a means of counteracting the apathy of institutional life.We hope and believe that this form of specific intervention by social workers has made a difference in some small way to the quality of life of the elderly people we worked with, and that there is much more urgent work to be done in this field.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRANCHIAL CYST; With a Note upon its Removal
Authors: H. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1928)

HOSPITAL, BIRMINGIIAM.IT is common to find a branchial cyst mistaken for breaking- down tuberculous cervical glands.Eleven cases have come under my observation wlhere this error had been made, andiin not a few of these treatment for tuberculosis had been persisted in.Branchial fluid, on being aspirated, looks just like tuber- FIG.1.-Typical branchial c}st.Mstte relationship to upper third of the sterno mastoid.
Individualised, micro CT-based finite element modelling as a tool for biomechanical analysis related to tissue engineering of bone
Authors: S.V.N. Jaecques, H. Van Oosterwyck, L. Muraru, T. Van Cleynenbreugel, E. De Smet, M. Wevers, I. Naert, J. Vander Sloten
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Single-dose, "Block-Replace" Drug Therapy in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: P. H. Wise, M. Marion, R. W. Pain
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In 30 consecutive hyperthyroid patients with diffuse goitre divided dose therapy with carbimazole 40 mg and triiodothyronine 80 mug daily was shown to produce total or subtotal block in thyroid hormonogenesis. Once produced, this block could be invariably maintained with an equivalent single daily dose for periods up to three years. Its notable acceptability to patients, a more stable degree of euthyroid control, ease of assessing suppressibility of trapping, and ability to treat patients in remote areas all support a wider use of this mode of therapy.
“Fatal attraction” syndrome: Not a good way to keep your man
Authors: Anne Campbell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Female behavior that is driven by ambivalent attachment is far from passive or withdrawn. As dramatised in the movie “Fatal Attraction,” such women's emotional hyper-reactivity is often expressed in violence, which is antithetical to securing investment from mates or peers. Single motherhood, rather than reflecting an avoidant strategy in which close relationships are devalued, is often the result of ecological conditions in which paternal investment is desired but unavailable.
The effects of ethanol on the transport of β-estradiol and other permeants in hairless mouse skin. II. A new quantitative approach
Authors: Abdel-Halim Ghanem, Hanaa Mahmoud, William l. Higuchi, Uwe D. Rohr, Suresh Borsadia, Puchun Liu, Jeffrey L. Fox, William R. Good
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1987)
Increased Rate of Tolbutamide Metabolism in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Roderick M. H. Kater
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In a controlled human study the biological half-life of tolbutamide was found to be reduced more than twofold in alcoholic patients. We suggest that this effect is the result of stimulation by alcohol of a hepatic microsomal enzyme system in the human liver responsible for the metabolism of tolbutamide. The metabolism of other therapeutic agents could be similarly affected by alcohol, and this might lead to irregularities in response to drug treatment.
Lung Cancer Symptom Scale Outcomes in Relation to Standard Efficacy Measures: An Analysis of the Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Versus Docetaxel in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Filippo de Marinis, Jose Rodrigues Pereira, Frank Fossella, Michael C. Perry, Martin Reck, Marc Salzberg, Jacek Jassem, Patrick Peterson, Astra M. Liepa, Patti Moore, Richard J. Gralla
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Defective production of monocyte-activating cytokines in lepromatous leprosy.
Authors: M A Horwitz, W R Levis, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We have examined the capacity of monocytes from patients with leprosy to undergo activation and the capacity of mononuclear cells from these patients to incorporate [3H]thymidine and produce monocyte-activating cytokines. Monocytes from patients with either lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy were activated by concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mononuclear cell supernatants generated from the leukocytes of a normal person. Monocytes activated by these supernatants strongly inhibited L. pneumophila multiplication, and the degree of inhibition was comparable in both groups of patients. Mononuclear cells from patients with either form of leprosy responded comparably to Con A with vigorous [3H]thymidine incorporation. Mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculoid leprosy also vigorously incorporated [3H]thymidine in response to M. leprae antigens. In contrast, mononuclear cells from patients with lepromatous leprosy did not exhibit significant [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to M. leprae antigens. The capacity of mononuclear cells to generate monocyte-activating cytokines generally paralleled their capacity to incorporate [3H]thymidine in response to Con A and M. leprae. Mononuclear cells from patients with either form of leprosy responded to Con A with the production of cytokines (supernatants) able to activate normal monocytes, expressed by inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication. However Con A-induced supernatants from patients with lepromatous leprosy were less potent than Con A-induced supernatants from patients with tuberculoid leprosy. Mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculoid leprosy responded to M. leprae antigens with the production of potent monocyte-activating supernatants. In contrast, mononuclear cells from patients with lepromatous leprosy did not produce monocyte-activating cytokines in response to M. leprae antigens. These studies support the hypothesis that the immunological defect in lepromatous leprosy results from a failure to activate mononuclear phagocytes rather than from an intrinsic inability of these cells to be activated. We suggest that the failure to activate mononuclear phagocytes stems from defective production of monocyte-activating cytokines in response to M. leprae antigens.
Philadelphia Chromosome with T(6;22) (P25;q12)
Authors: Zipora Mammon, Joseph Grinblat, Henry Joshua
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The introduction of chromosome analysis in various blood disorders has proved the high specificity of the Philadelphia chromosome — a G22 member with deleted long arms — in the diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia.1 , 2 More recently, using Giemsa and fluorescence banding technics, Rowley was able to locate the deleted part of chromosome 22 on the long arms of a No. 9 chromosome.3 Since then, the study of large series by other authors has confirmed that the deleted portion translocated to chromosome 9 in the majority of cases of the disorder studied.4 , 5 Translocation on chromosomes 2, 17, 19 and 22 has . . .