tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic mucosal resection: an evolving therapeutic strategy for non-polypoid colorectal neoplasia
Authors: R Kiesslich
Journal: Gut (2004)

Endoscopic management for laterally spreading tumours of the colorectum is a safe and effective treatment and may be an alternative to surgery in selected patients

Colorectal cancer develops in approximately 5–6% of the adult population and is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Europe and the USA.1,2 Screening colonoscopy is the widely accepted gold standard for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and should be offered to patients older than 50 years.3–5 However, colonoscopy is increasingly in competition with computed tomographic virtual endoscopy.6 Therefore, it is essential to understand whether total colonoscopy rather than virtual endoscopy enables the detection of all relevant premalignant and malignant lesions as only early diagnosis of neoplasias offers the possibility for curative endoscopic or surgical resection.

Polypoid lesions are easy to detect by endoscopy. In contrast, non-polypoid lesions are often overlooked.7 The endoscopist must be aware of flat and depressed lesions because the primarily visible mucosal changes of such lesions are often very discrete. In this context, the endoscopist should look for slight colour changes, interruption of the capillary network pattern, slight deformation of the colonic wall, spontaneously bleeding spots, shape changes of the lesion with insufflation or deflation of air, and interruption of the innominate grooves.7

An important diagnostic tool for detection of non-polypoid colorectal lesions consists of chromoendoscopy.8 In contrast with ulcerative colitis where pan-chromoendoscopy is favourable,9 targeted staining with indigo carmine or methylene blue in a selective fashion is sufficient for non-polypoid colorectal lesions.10 Chromoendoscopy helps to unmask such lesions in the colon and to delineate its borders. By the help of magnifying endoscope, the stained surface and crypt architecture can be analysed, and differentiation between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions becomes possible with high accuracy.11 Recently, it was shown …
Literature and Medicine
Authors: Suzanne Poirier
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inflammation: Mechanisms and Treatment
Authors: J. Chayen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The book is written in the form of separate articles by different authors but linked up very effectively with cross- references and a comprehensive index, so that it does not appear to be discontinuous.It is therefore easy to read, and the enthusiasm of the authors for their subjects comes across in each chapter, making the approach to a large field varied and interesting.It is also sufficiently concise for revision purposes, with adequate references for more detailed study if required.The illustrations are generally good, but pictures of macroscopic pathology are lacking in some chapters.I also thought that the separation of the morbid anatomy from the clinical picture was an artificial and unnecessary division and would probably be more useful if integrated into the relevant chapters.Altogether, this is a very readable and useful book, which is realistically priced for the undergraduate student.
The Autistic-Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Isabelle Rapin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Any person, talented or handicapped, whose social skills have been severely deficient since very early childhood, who started to talk late or whose communicative use of language is inadequate, and who perseverates and lacks cognitive and behavioral flexibility meets the diagnostic criteria for an autistic-spectrum disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association, and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization, use the term “pervasive developmental disorder” to encompass the broad spectrum of developmental disorders with these characteristics (see Table). Pervasive developmental disorders . . .
Renal imaging: a comparison of radionuclide, ultrasound, and computed tomographic scanning in investigation of renal space-occupying lesions.
Authors: P H O'Reilly, D E Osborn, H J Testa, D L Asbury, J J Best, R J Barnard
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Two studies were carried out in which 27 and 23 patients respectively with renal space-occupying lesions were assessed by different techniques and the results compared. Instead of proceeding to renal arteriography after the lesion had been found on urography, radionuclide and ultrasound scanning were used in the first study to clarify the nature of the lesions, while in the second study computed tomography was used as well. Results were good with all three methods, although ultrasonography and radionuclide scanning cannot resolve lesions of under 2 cm in diameter and the radiation dose with computed tomography is similar to that used in renal arteriography. Probably the best method of evaluating renal space-occupying lesions after urography is to use both ultrasound and radionuclide scanning. If further information is required computed tomography or arteriography is indicated.
Experimental autoimmune arthritis in mice. I. Homologous type II collagen is responsible for self-perpetuating chronic polyarthritis.
Authors: M.C Boissier, X.Z Feng, A Carlioz, R Roudier, C Fournier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Immunisation with heterologous type II collagen (CII) induces arthritis in mice of the DBA/1 strain, which is genetically susceptible to this disease. To develop an experimental model of autoimmunity more adequate for the study of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), DBA/1 mice were injected with 100 micrograms of native CII that had been purified from mouse xiphoid cartilage. About six weeks later the animals developed a chronic progressive polyarthritis involving the four paws but mainly confined to interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. The evolution of the disease fluctuated between remissions and exacerbations. The initial lesions assessed by clinical observations were more severe when the disease occurred early than in the case of late onset. Interestingly, the incidence of arthritis was clearly preponderant in males, and, moreover, the few female mice which developed arthritis had mild disease states with lower arthritic scores than the males. Varying levels of autoantibodies against mouse CII were found in the sera of immunised animals, regardless of the development of arthritis. These data indicate that the injection of homologous CII into mice caused a polyarthritis that is clinically closer to the human RA than the disease induced with heterologous CII and therefore will represent a useful tool for the study of the self-perpetuating mechanisms that characterise RA.
Clinical singgnificance of interactions with antifungal agents
Authors: A. BRECKENDRIDGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Antifungal drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. Agents such as substituent imidazoles and triazoles, which act by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol N-demethylase, have the potential to inhibit host cytochrome pP-450-dependent drug metabolism. This is discussed with respect to ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. In contrast, allylamines, which have a different mode of action and a weaker ability to bind to cytochrome pP-450, are not expected to inhibit clinical drug oxidation. Inducers of drug metabolism, especially rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, may lower plasma (and tissue) concentrations of those antifungals metabolized by mixed function oxidases, with therapeutic consequences.
Saliva Calcium and Potassium Concentrations in the Detection of Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: MARGO SWANSON, LARRY CACACE, GEORGE CHUN, MASASHI ITANO
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 118 subjects: 36 were not receiving digitalis; 40 received digitalis but were nontoxic; 14 were digitalis-toxic; 24 had impaired renal function; and four subjects were followed during the administration of digitalis. Saliva calcium and potassium products in the digitalis-toxic group were significantly higher than in the nontoxic group. Subjects with impaired renal function had a significantly higher saliva calcium and potassium product than those with normal renal function. The subjects followed during the administration of digoxin showed an apparent correlation between electrocardiogram changes and an elevated saliva calcium and potassium product. This study has demonstrated that a whole-saliva calcium and potassium product over 300 in subjects on digoxin with normal renal function correlates with a diagnosis of digitalis toxicity.
EPILEPSY AND PARESIS IN RAILWAY ENGINEERS AND FIREMEN
Authors: CARL D. CAMP
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Although on several previous occasions medical men have called attention to the fact that epileptics and paretics are among those employed in connection with the running of trains and motor-cars and to the obvious dangers incident thereto, the subject has not apparently been given much consideration by the transportation companies, at least, so far as I have been able to ascertain by questioning the medical men they employ.  My attention was attracted to the subject through seeing three cases of epilepsy and two of paresis in the course of two years in men who were employed either as enginemen or firemen on locomotives.  While this is not a large proportion of the total number of cases of epilepsy and paresis seen by me, the points to be made are that these men were engaged in an occupation that made the disease a distinct menace to the safety of the traveling
O-linked carbohydrate of recombinant von Willebrand factor influences ristocetin-induced binding to platelet glycoprotein 1b.
Authors: J A Carew, S M Quinn, J H Stoddart, D C Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

By transfecting the full-length cDNA for human von Willebrand factor (vWf) into a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, we have prepared recombinant vWf specifically lacking O-linked carbohydrates. We have compared this under-glycosylated protein to fully glycosylated recombinant vWf with respect to several structural and binding properties. vWf deficient in O-linked glycans was synthesized, assembled into multimers, and secreted in an apparently normal manner and was not prone to degradation in the extracellular milieu. It did not differ from fully glycosylated vWf in ability to bind to heparin or to collagen type I but did interact less well with glycoprotein 1b on formalin-fixed platelets. This decreased interaction was evidenced in both a lessened overall binding to platelets and in diminished capacity to promote platelet agglutination, in the presence of ristocetin. In contrast, no difference was seen in platelet binding in the presence of botrocetin. These data indicate a possible role for O-linked carbohydrates in the vWf-glycoprotein 1b interaction promoted by ristocetin and suggest that abnormalities in carbohydrate modification might contribute to the altered ristocetin-dependent reactivity between vWf and platelets described for some variant forms of von Willebrand disease.
Treatment of Diabetic Coma with Continuous Low-dose Infusion of Insulin
Authors: M. McB. Page, K. G. M. M. Alberti, R. Greenwood, K. A. Gumaa, T. D. R. Hockaday, C. Lowy, J. D. N. Nabarro, D. A. Pyke, P. H. Sonksen, P. J. Watkins, T. E. T. West
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Thirty-eight patients in diabetic coma from four different centres were treated with a continuous low-dose intravenous infusion of insulin at an average dose of 7.2 IU/hr. All patients recovered rapidly except for one profoundly shocked patient who died. The mean fall in plasma glucose was 58% four hours after the start of insulin. Blood ketone bodies and plasma free fatty acids showed a similar response. There was no significant difference in plasma glucose response according to severity of acidosis or previous treatment with insulin. Hypokalaemia was uncommon. In the treatment of diabetic coma this technique has proved simple, safe, and effective.
Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis secondary to levofloxacin
Authors: M. Corral De La Calle, M. A. Martin Diaz, C. R. Flores, C. Vidaurrazaga
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a recently described clinical entity. In 1991 Roujeau et al.1 described 63 cases of acute and generalized nonfollicular pustules associated with fever. Most of these patients had received drugs (mainly antibiotics); the rash developed within a period of 48 h, and was accompanied by pyrexia (more than 38 °C). The disease was self‐limiting, and resolved with desquamation within 2 weeks, after the drug was withdrawn. Since the first description, the list of drugs involved has been increasing, but this is the first report showing a relationship between levofloxacin and the disorder. Moreover, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is characterized by hundreds of confluent pustules that appear on the face and trunk or in a generalized distribution, and a localized presentation has not been described previously. We report a 70‐year‐old man who reported a mesencephalic infarction 6 months previously and was receiving treatment with aspirin and the antidepressant paroxetine. He was hospitalized due to pneumonia, and treatment with levofloxacin 500 mg twice daily was immediately instituted. Two days later multiple nonfollicular pin head‐sized pustules on an erythematous background appeared over the head and neck (Fig. 1). On day 4, levofloxacin was replaced by clindamycin and piperacillin because the patient had failed to improve. From this moment the cutaneous lesions improved, but when levofloxacin was reintroduced because of intolerance to piperacillin (diarrhoea), these worsened within less than 24 h: the lesions converged and purulent lakes could be seen on the forehead, with a symmetrical distribution, but lesions did not extend to the rest of the body. The patient's general status worsened (reappearance of fever up to 39 °C). The white cell count was 28 × 109 L−1, with a normal differential. Other routine laboratory parameters, including kidney and liver function tests, were normal. The clinical diagnosis was acute localized exanthematous pustulosis, which was confirmed by means of sterile cultures of pustules and characteristic skin biopsy showing subcorneal pustules with mild spongiform pustulation at the margins, scattered apoptotic keratinocytes and exocytosis of neutrophils adjacent to the pustules; the papillary dermis was oedematous and with a prominent mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the upper dermis, with numerous eosinophils. Seven days later, after levofloxacin was withdrawn, most lesions had disappeared, with the remainder persisting as small haemorrhagic crusts (Fig. 2).
Medical staff suffered severe stress after earthquake in Kobe, Japan
Authors: M. Uemoto, A. Inui, M. Kasuga, S. Shindo, H. Taniguchi
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Previous studies have suggested that traumatic disasters cause emotional, biological, and behavioural changes in the victims.1 2 No studies, however, have been reported among medical staff working in catastrophic situations. We examined the psychological reactions of hospital nurses to the devastating earthquake in Kobe, Japan, by studying the nurses working mainly in the inpatient ward of Kobe …
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Lyme Disease
Authors: Mark E. McCaulley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Lyme DiseaseMark E. McCaulleyMark E. McCaulleySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent report by Shadick and associates [1] provides valuable data on the long-term symptoms that may be found in patients with a history of Lyme borreliosis [1]. In understanding these data, however, it would be helpful to clarify the total number of symptomatic patients in both the Lyme disease and control categories. The statement that “most patients with Lyme disease in our study were without symptoms at the time of clinical assessment” [1] appears to be contradicted by the information presented in the authors' Table 3, which indicates that 61% of patients had frequent arthralgias, 26% ...References1. Shadick NA, Phillips CB, Logigian EL, Steere AC, Kaplan RF, Berardi VP, et al. The long-term clinical outcomes of Lyme disease. A population-based retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:560-7. Google Scholar2. Kantor FS. Disarming lyme disease. Sci Am. September 1994. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 960-962KeywordsAntibioticsArthralgiaAutopsyCentral nervous systemFatigueInfectious diseasesLyme diseaseMorbidityMortalitySpirochetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Paclitaxel-Related Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Improved Outcome of Patients with Early Stage HER2+ Breast Cancer Who Did Not Receive Trastuzumab in the N9831 Clinical Trial.
Authors: A. Moreno-Aspitia, A. Dueck, T. Patel, D. Hillman, K. Tenner, S. Dakhil, K. Rowland, S. McLaughlin, E. Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Microtubules are crucial for spindle formation during mitosis and for cellular proliferation. The antineoplastic effect of paclitaxel is mainly related to its ability to bind the beta subunit of tubulin, thus preventing tubulin chain depolarization and inducing apoptosis. Tubulins are expressed in human peripheral nerves and the binding of paclitaxel to tubulin may lead to neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a common dose limiting toxicity of paclitaxel. We hypothesized that the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy may correlate with outcome (disease-free survival; DFS).Methods: This analysis sought to describe incidence of peripheral neuropathy following paclitaxel and its association to outcome (DFS) in patients who received paclitaxel (weekly x 12) in the adjuvant HER2+ intergroup trial N9831. Only eligible pts who initiated paclitaxel and did not have peripheral neuropathy at initiation of paclitaxel that were randomized to arms A (955 pts; chemotherapy alone) and C (889 pts; chemotherapy plus concurrent trastuzumab) of N9831 were included. Cox regression analysis stratified by ER/PR status and nodal status was used to compare DFS within arm between patients with and without peripheral neuropathy.Results: Out of 1844 eligible pts, 379 developed neuropathy (20.5%). For pts in arm A, those who developed neuropathy had better DFS than pts who did not (3 yr DFS: 86.2% vs 81.8%; HR 0.65; p=0.01), despite lower doses of paclitaxel in the pts with neuropathy. Grade of neuropathy did not appear to impact DFS. No statistical difference was noted for pts treated in the trastuzumab-containing arm (3 yr DFS: 92.8% vs 91.1% for pts with neuropathy vs not; HR 0.79; p=0.34). There were no differences in paclitaxel dose intensity between arms A and C.Conclusion: Patients with early stage HER2+ breast cancer who received adjuvant paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy in arm A and developed peripheral neuropathy had a better DFS than pts who did not develop neuropathy. This effect was possibly abrogated by the use of trastuzumab in Arm C. This side effect may represent effective bindings of paclitaxel to the target tubulin, lack of point mutations in tubulin at the paclitaxel binding site and/or lack of selective overexpression of β-III tubulin. This is a hypothesis generating study and additional analysis needs to be conducted from other large taxane-based trials.Partial support from Genentech and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2100.
Lateral Pharyngeal Diverticulum
Authors: John A. Ritter
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Lateral pharyngeal diverticula are rare lesions arising from the periform fossa, vallecula or tonsillar fossa on either side of the pharynx. A review in 1962 by Fowler 1 listed 11 cases in the English literature up to that time. The following patient, possibly the 12th case, was admitted to the Harlan (Ky) Appalachian Regional Hospital Dec 9, and discharged Dec 30,1963.  Report of a Case:—  This 39-year-old white man had a clicking develop in his throat on swallowing liquids six months before admission. Since then he had had several episodes of choking sensation and coughing while sleeping. To avoid them, he had learned to sleep on his back. There was no history of bleeding, no loss of weight, and no hoarseness of the voice.  Examination of the neck revealed no abnormality. A direct laryngoscopy showed nothing remarkable. A barium swallow revealed a diverticulum arising from the right
Bioassay of extracts of ambient particulate matter.
Authors: I Alfheim, G Löfroth, M Møller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Organic extracts from airborne particles collected at various sites in Scandinavia have been tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Extracts from particles in the respirable size fraction (diameter less than 3 microns) were mutagenic with and without metabolic activation. The mutagenic activity varied from day to day, mainly due to variations in meteorological parameters, especially wind speed and atmospheric stability. A seasonal variation could also be observed, with the highest average values in winter time. Samples collected in urban areas were considerably more mutagenic than samples from background areas. The results suggest that exhaust from motor vehicles are the most important source of mutagenic particles in urban areas. Comparison of roof top samples with street level samples indicated that atmospheric reactions cause transformation of nonpolar compounds in the primary emission to more oxygenated mutagenic compounds. It is, however, not known to which degree this causes an overall increase of the mutagenic activity. The mutagenic activity of emissions from stationary combustion sources have also been studied, and residential heating by burning solid fuels in small combustion units have been shown to be a major contributor to mutagens in the environment.