tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Lip Products
Authors: Sa Liu, S. Katharine Hammond, Ann Rojas-Cheatham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Metal content in lip products has been an issue of concern.We measured lead and eight other metals in a convenience sample of 32 lip products used by young Asian women in Oakland, California, and assessed potential health risks related to estimated intakes of these metals.We analyzed lip products by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and used previous estimates of lip product usage rates to determine daily oral intakes. We derived acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) based on information used to determine public health goals for exposure, and compared ADIs with estimated intakes to assess potential risks.Most of the tested lip products contained high concentrations of titanium and aluminum. All examined products had detectable manganese. Lead was detected in 24 products (75%), with an average concentration of 0.36 ± 0.39 ppm, including one sample with 1.32 ppm. When used at the estimated average daily rate, estimated intakes were > 20% of ADIs derived for aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and manganese. In addition, average daily use of 10 products tested would result in chromium intake exceeding our estimated ADI for chromium. For high rates of product use (above the 95th percentile), the percentages of samples with estimated metal intakes exceeding ADIs were 3% for aluminum, 68% for chromium, and 22% for manganese. Estimated intakes of lead were < 20% of ADIs for average and high use.Cosmetics safety should be assessed not only by the presence of hazardous contents, but also by comparing estimated exposures with health-based standards. In addition to lead, metals such as aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and manganese require further investigation.
Does mindfulness based cognitive therapy prevent relapse of depression?
Authors: W. Kuyken, R. Crane, T. Dalgleish
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Depression typically runs a relapsing and recurrent course.1 Without ongoing treatment people with recurrent depression have a very high risk of repeated depressive relapses throughout their life, even after successful acute treatment. Major inroads into the substantial health burden attributable to depression could be offset through interventions that prevent depressive relapse among people at high risk of recurrent episodes.2 If the factors that make people vulnerable to depressive relapse can be attenuated, the relapsing course of depression could potentially be broken. Currently, most depression is treated in primary care, and maintenance antidepressants are the mainstay approach to preventing relapse.3 The UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends that to stay well, people with a history of recurrent depression should continue taking antidepressants for at least two years. However, many patients experience side effects, and some express a preference for psychosocial interventions, which provide long term protection against relapse.4 Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)5 was developed as a psychosocial intervention for teaching people with a history of depression the skills to stay well in the long term (see box for a description of MBCT).

#### Description of mindfulness based cognitive therapy

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (www.bemindful.co.uk/mbct/about) is a psychosocial, group based, relapse prevention programme for people with a history of depression who wish to learn long term skills for staying well. It combines systematic mindfulness training—meditation exercises targeted at enhancing awareness and developing self compassion—with elements from cognitive behavioural therapy.

MBCT is based on a theoretical premise similar to that on which cognitive behavioural therapy is based, and it uses strategies from that therapy too. However, MBCT helps people to learn that the negative thoughts that can signal the start of a depressive episode are fleeting events in the mind that they can choose to engage with or not. Through …
ACUTE EPIZOÖTIC LEUCOENCEPHALITIS IN HORSES
Authors: W. G. MacCallum, S. S. Buckley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1901)

A recent epizoStic among homes in maryland, resulting in the death of a great many animals after a very brief illness, has led to the post-mortem examination of a number of such animals with results which seem worthy of note.The disease, which is popularly known in this region and probably elsewhere as "cerebrospinal meningitis," presents fairly characteristic
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Patients Treated With Everolimus-Eluting Stents or First-Generation Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Renato Valenti, Angela Migliorini, Guido Parodi, Nazario Carrabba, Ruben Vergara, Emilio V. Dovellini, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Prospective Trial of Risk Factors for Sulfonylurea-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mark R. Burge
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Retrospective studies have identified oral sulfonylureas, age, and fasting as major risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Sulfonylureas may be withheld from elderly patients out of concern for hypoglycemia.Objective.-Toevaluate the hypoglycemic effects of maximum doses of oncedaily second-generation sulfonylureas administered to fasting elderly patients.Design.-A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.Setting.-The University of New Mexico General Clinical Research Center.Patients.-Fifty-twosulfonylurea-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes with a mean (SD) age of 65.1 (5.7) years.Interventions.-Subjects were randomly assigned to glyburide or glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS).Each subject participated in three 23-hour fasting studies after the sequential administration of 1 week of placebo and 1 week of 10 mg and 1 week of 20 mg of the assigned sulfonylurea.Main Outcome Measures.-Occurrence of hypoglycemia (defined as plasma glucose level Ͻ3.33 mmol/L [60 mg/dL]) and hormonal parameters during the final 9 hours of the 23-hour fast in patients who had taken sulfonylureas vs placebo.Results.-No hypoglycemia was observed during 156 fasting studies.Plasma glucose level was decreased (nadir, 4.9 mmol/L [88 mg/dL] for a 20-mg dose of glyburide vs 8.3 mmol/L [150 mg/dL] for placebo; nadir, 5.8 mmol/L [105 mg/dL] for a 20-mg dose of glipizide GITS vs 8.7 mmol/L [157 mg/dL] for placebo), and serum insulin was increased in the sulfonylurea studies compared with placebo (PϽ.001).Plasma glucose parameters did not differ between the 2 sulfonylureas, but C peptide concentrations were increased in the glyburide group compared with glipizide GITS in the 20-mg study (P=.05).Concentrations of epinephrine were increased in the sulfonylurea studies compared with placebo (PϽ.001).Epinephrine secretion increased when glucose concentration fell below the mean (SD) level of 9.10 (2.66) mmol/L (164 [48] mg/dL) in the 10-mg study and 8.77 (2.83) mmol/L (158 [51] mg/ dL) in the 20-mg study.Conclusions.-Fasting was well tolerated among these elderly patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sulfonylureas.Older age should not be considered a contraindication to sulfonylurea treatment for diabetes.Stimulation of epinephrine secretion at normal or elevated plasma glucose levels appears to be the primary mechanism of protection against hypoglycemia in this study.
In vivo and in vitro characterization of neonatal hyperparathyroidism resulting from a de novo, heterozygous mutation in the Ca2+-sensing receptor gene: normal maternal calcium homeostasis as a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism in familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.
Authors: M Bai, S H Pearce, O Kifor, S Trivedi, U G Stauffer, R V Thakker, E M Brown, B Steinmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We characterized the in vivo, cellular and molecular pathophysiology of a case of neonatal hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) resulting from a de novo, heterozygous missense mutation in the gene for the extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+(o))-sensing receptor (CaR). The female neonate presented with moderately severe hypercalcemia, markedly undermineralized bones, and multiple metaphyseal fractures. Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed at 6 wk; hypercalcemia recurred rapidly but the bone disease improved gradually with reversion to an asymptomatic state resembling familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FBHH). Dispersed parathyroid cells from the resected tissue showed a set-point (the level of Ca2+(o) half maximally inhibiting PTH secretion) substantially higher than for normal human parathyroid cells (approximately 1.8 vs. approximately 1.0 mM, respectively); a similar increase in set-point was observed in vivo. The proband's CaR gene showed a missense mutation (R185Q) at codon 185, while her normocalcemic parents were homozygous for wild type (WT) CaR sequence. Transient expression of the mutant R185Q CaR in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells revealed a substantially attenuated Ca2+(o)-evoked accumulation of total inositol phosphates (IP), while cotransfection of normal and mutant receptors showed an EC50 (the level of Ca2+(o) eliciting a half-maximal increase in IPs) 37% higher than for WT CaR alone (6.3+/-0.4 vs. 4.6+/-0.3 mM Ca2+(o), respectively). Thus this de novo, heterozygous CaR mutation may exert a dominant negative action on the normal CaR, producing NHPT and more severe hypercalcemia than typically seen with FBHH. Moreover, normal maternal calcium homeostasis promoted additional secondary hyperparathyroidism in the fetus, contributing to the severity of the NHPT in this case with FBHH.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION IN MALARIA AS SEEN IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA.
Authors: FRANK A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1900)

A distinguished diplomat, scholar and statesman has said: "It is too much the habit of men who have more education than experience, more culture than perception, to desire to mold the policy of the future by avoidance of all cases of trouble in the past." This logic can be well applied to-day in medical research. I come before you not to present anything specially new, but to call your attention briefly to some of the clinical features of malaria as seen in the Mississippi Delta. I shall not attempt a dissertation on the life history of the parasites outside the body, nor to theorize on the relationship which exists between malaria and the much talked-of mosquito. We have been taught much about acute malaria. The biology of the parasites causative of the various forms of malarial fevers has been heralded to us from all quarters of the globe, by men
INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ARE SIGNIFICANTLY RAISED BY COMBINATION OF PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS WITH EMPHYSEMA
Authors: Masayuki Koyama, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Hidemichi Kouzu, Atsuko Muranaka, Hideaki Yoshida, Satoshi Yuda, Tsuchihashi Kazufumi, Mitsuo Otsuka, Hiorki Takahashi, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy levels of sulfated progesterone metabolites inhibit farnesoid X receptor resulting in a cholestatic phenotype
Authors: Shadi Abu-Hayyeh, Georgia Papacleovoulou, Anita Lövgren-Sandblom, Mehreen Tahir, Olayiwola Oduwole, Nurul Akmal Jamaludin, Sabiha Ravat, Vanya Nikolova, Jenny Chambers, Clare Selden, Myrddin Rees, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Malcolm G. Parker, Catherine Williamson
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most prevalent pregnancy-specific liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm labor and intrauterine death. The endocrine signals that cause cholestasis are not known but 3α-sulfated progesterone metabolites have been shown to be elevated in ICP, leading us to study the impact of sulfated progesterone metabolites on farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated bile acid homeostasis pathways. Here we report that the 3β-sulfated progesterone metabolite epiallopregnanolone sulfate is supraphysiologically raised in the serum of ICP patients. Mice challenged with cholic acid developed hypercholanemia and a hepatic gene expression profile indicative of FXR activation. However, coadministration of epiallopregnanolone sulfate with cholic acid exacerbated the hypercholanemia and resulted in aberrant gene expression profiles for hepatic bile acid-responsive genes consistent with cholestasis. We demonstrate that levels of epiallopregnanolone sulfate found in ICP can function as a partial agonist for FXR, resulting in the aberrant expression of bile acid homeostasis genes in hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, epiallopregnanolone sulfate inhibition of FXR results in reduced FXR-mediated bile acid efflux and secreted FGF19. Using cofactor recruitment assays, we show that epiallopregnanolone sulfate competitively inhibits bile acid-mediated recruitment of cofactor motifs to the FXR-ligand binding domain. Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel molecular interaction between ICP-associated levels of the 3β-sulfated progesterone metabolite epiallopregnanolone sulfate and FXR that couples the endocrine component of pregnancy in ICP to abnormal bile acid homeostasis.
Genomic sequencing of colorectal adenocarcinomas identifies a recurrent VTI1A-TCF7L2 fusion
Authors: Adam J Bass, Michael S Lawrence, Lear E Brace, Alex H Ramos, Yotam Drier, Kristian Cibulskis, Carrie Sougnez, Douglas Voet, Gordon Saksena, Andrey Sivachenko, Rui Jing, Melissa Parkin, Trevor Pugh, Roel G Verhaak, Nicolas Stransky, Adam T Boutin, Jordi Barretina, David B Solit, Evi Vakiani, Wenlin Shao, Yuji Mishina, Markus Warmuth, Jose Jimenez, Derek Y Chiang, Sabina Signoretti, William G Kaelin, Nicole Spardy, William C Hahn, Yujin Hoshida, Shuji Ogino, Ronald A DePinho, Lynda Chin, Levi A Garraway, Charles S Fuchs, Jose Baselga, Josep Tabernero, Stacey Gabriel, Eric S Lander, Gad Getz, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
344. AAV Vector-Mediated Msx1 Gene Transfer Induces Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Masaharu Nobuyoshi, Akihiro Kume, Takashi Matsushita, Hiroaki Mizukami, Takashi Okada, Masashi Urabe, Yuichi Ohgoshi, Takashi Endo, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

After a considerable dispute, it was shown that cells with hematopoietic activity in muscles are derived from bone marrow. Transdifferentiation is not a frequent event, if any, and such a phenomenon cannot be applied to tissue regeneration easily. To achieve a breakthrough, we explored the possibility that genetic manipulation could enhance the efficiency of transdifferentiation. It was reported that transient overexpression of a homeobox- containing transcriptional repressor Msx1 in C2C12 myotubes generated multipotent mononuclear cells (MNCs) (Odelberg SJ et al, Cell 103:1099, 2000). They implied that enforced Msx1 expression caused dedifferentiation of myotubes to generate MNCs, and subsequent Msx1 suppression allowed redifferentiation of these MNCs into myotubes, chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes. We found a similar phenomenon in vivo after delivery of the Msx1 gene into murine skeletal muscle by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (Endo T et al, manuscript in preparation). An AAV vector expressing Msx1 (AAV/msx1) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of C57BL/6 mouse. After 1–4 weeks, MNCs isolated from the treated muscle included immature hematopoietic cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportion of CD34-/c-Kit+ cells was increased from1.3 ± 0.9% (0 week) to 8.2 ± 1.5% (3 weeks postinjection; p = 0.003) /13.6 ± 6.0% (4 weeks; p = 0.07). CD45+/Sca-1+ cells were increased from 2.4 ± 0.4% (0 week) to 33.6 ± 5.7% (3 weeks; p = 0.01)/ 32.6 ± 5.1% (4 weeks; p = 0.01). Total number of hematopoietic colony-forming units (CFU) was also increased, peaking at 3 weeks (average 48.9 CFU/muscle), whereas very few progenitors detected at 0 week (average 1.4 CFU/muscle). Finally, in vivo reconstitution activity of these muscle-derived cells was evaluated. MNCs were prepared from Ly5.2 donor TA muscle after 4 weeks of AAV/msx1 injection. 3×105 MNCs were cotransplanted with 2×105 Ly5.1 bone marrow cells to lethally irradiated Ly5.1 recipients. Among 5 mice transplanted, a robust engraftment of Ly5.2 cells was observed in 2 animals (55.2% at 8 months and 41.7% at 6 months, respectively). In the secondary transplants, the primary donor cell chimerism was even higher (up to 82.9% at 7 months). In the primary and secondary transplants, a remarkable chimerism was observed in myeloid cells (Mac1+), T- lymphocytes (CD3+) and B-lymphocytes (B220+), suggesting that the AAV/msx1-treated muscle contained multipotent stem/progenitor cells. If these cells are indeed derived from the muscle cells, blood cells may be artificially supplied from extrahematopoietic tissues, with proper differentiation cues provided.
Compelled Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women
Authors: Daniel A. Ruley
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In his reply<sup>1</sup>to my letter,<sup>2</sup>Dr Nelson noted my exception to his statement that the criminal law historically does not recognize the killing of a fetus in utero as homicide. I now wish to reaffirm that historically the criminal law did recognize the killing of a fetus in utero as homicide and also take additional exception to his reply by demonstrating its superficiality as well as his error. Dr Nelson, in his reply, argued that he cited "three modern (ie, since 1980) appellate court opinions" for his position and added the following: One of these opinions clearly stated that this rule 'has been accepted as the established law in every American jurisdiction that has considered the question' and cited no fewer than ten recent appellate cases to this effect. Another stated that at common law `the killing of a fetus was not murder
House of Delegates Report
Authors: Leonard W. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

It is a pleasure to follow Doctor Askey, both on this program today and into an office which he has dignified by his outstanding service to the medical profession in this most crucial of years. It certainly is a tribute to the greatness of my predecessor that he has so patiently and willingly accepted the tremendous burdens heaped upon his shoulders during his term of office. In another sense, I am delighted to succeed Doctor Askey, for now you won't have to squirm jealously every time the AMA President talks about the climate in his home state. Gentlemen, I can make you only this promise about my coming term of office: you won't hear a word about the North Dakota climate. Seriously, I could not help being moved by Doctor Askey's report to you on his term of office. His observations are those of a shrewd observer who has visited
Usefulness of Immune Serum Globulin in Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Joseph Stokes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Extremely small amounts of parenterally injected gamma globulin from large pools of plasma, prepared by the Cohn — Oncley method of ethanol fractionation, were shown to be effective in the control of a number of sharp outbreaks of viral hepatitis of short incubation during World War II both in the United States and in Italy.1 , 2 Also, it became apparent that the value of the gamma globulin lay in markedly diminishing the severity rather than in eliminating all laboratory evidence of disease. As a result of extensive clinical experience with protection against hepatitis A or infectious hepatitis (IH) by means of . . .
Current Status of Augmentation and Combination Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder: A Literature Review and a Proposal for a Novel Approach to Improve Practice
Authors: Maurizio Fava, A. John Rush
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not reach symptom remission. These patients with residual symptoms have worse function and worse prognosis than those who remit. Several augmentation and combination treatments are used to either increase the chances of achieving remission or to eliminate/minimize residual depressive symptoms. Evidence for these pharmacological approaches rests primarily on open, uncontrolled studies, and there are clearly not enough controlled studies. Clinicians should carefully weigh these different treatment options to increase their patients’ chances of achieving and sustaining remission from depression. This paper will review the pertinent studies and will propose a novel approach to improve practice involving the use of augmentation or combination strategies at the outset of initial treatment to primarily enhance the chances of remission through synergy and/or a broader spectrum of action. This novel approach could potentially enhance retention and/or increase remission rates since the lack of response with antidepressant monotherapy may lead many depressed patients with little or no benefit to drop out of treatment, precluding the subsequent use of augmentation or combination strategies altogether. In addition, the emergence of certain side-effects (e.g., agitation, insomnia) or the persistence of some initial baseline symptoms (e.g., anxiety, insomnia) may lead to premature discontinuation from monotherapy in the absence of concomitant use of augmenting pharmacological options targeting these symptoms.