tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin IL-27+ Dendritic Cells Modulate Ex-Vivo Th2 Responses In a Pdl-1-Dependent Manner and Increase In-Vivo Following Grass Pollen Immunotherapy
Authors: Tomokazu Matsuoka, Rachel Yan, Guy W. Scadding, Stephen R. Durham, Mohamed H. Shamji
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A STUDY OF CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: B F BYRD, J H GRISCOM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Article1 June 1955A STUDY OF CHOLECYSTECTOMYBENJAMIN F. BYRD JR., M.D., JOHN H. GRISCOM, M.D.BENJAMIN F. BYRD JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN H. GRISCOM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-42-6-1181 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe ability to visualize the normally functioning gall-bladder by appropriate radiographic technics has made it possible for the practitioner of internal medicine to make the diagnosis of a surgical disease with considerable frequency and to be forced to advise for or against the removal of the gall-bladder. This diagnosis may be made during a routine physical check-up, in the course of study for some other disorder, or in the face of symptoms directly referable to the biliary tract. Whatever the circumstances, the patient will usually look to his physician for guidance and for some expression of opinion as to the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nashville, Tennessee*Received for publication November 5, 1954.From the Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville Tennessee. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1955Volume 42, Issue 6Page: 1181-1186KeywordsBiliary systemCholecystectomySurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1955 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medicine's dystopian future
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I write my last testimony with pen and paper before I pass over to perpetual ventilation and feeding. Few can read these days and fewer still can write. My mother taught me; she said that electronic transmissions are always monitored. The Safety First freedom laws mean we are monitored by the One Nation Medical Corporation. It controls everything in my life to “keep me safe.” I was not suitable for breeding so am the last of my family. No one knows what truly happened before “corporate enlightenment” because records …
Bran yesterday... bran tomorrow?
Authors: W W Yellowlees
Journal: BMJ (1984)

effects of fibre depleted foods.These include dental disease, excessive energy intake, and rapid absorption of carbohydrate with conse- quent hyperinsulinaemia.There is now experimental evidence that fibre depleted foods, at least those containing sugars, do enhance energy intake and insulin responses by comparison with their "natural" fibre rich counterparts,3-6 or with chemical sweeteners,7 and that they lead to weight gain and to undesirable changes in the lipid compo- sition of blood6 and bile.8These experimental findings harmonise with epidemiological data linking obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipid- aemia, and gall stores with the Western diet.Cleave's last publication about the dangers of sugar was entitled "Overconsumption, now the most dangerous cause of disease in westernised countries.9"Foods and drinks containing fibre depleted sugar are not the only reason for people overnourishing themselves.Thanks to their palatability, cheapness, and universal availability allied to their ease and speed of consumption and their rapid and complete absorption they are uniquely capable of causing obesity and all the other conse- quences of overnutrition.Our bodies are adapted to taking in carbohydrate in small packages.To remove the packaging before eating the contents is to open Pandora's box.That too is the fibre hypothesis.
Cutaneous thrombotic and necrotizing microangiopathy revealing a large granular lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: F. Degraeve, I. Quere, O. Dereure, J-C. Gris, F. Dignat-Georges, L. Durand, C. Janbon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Cutaneous thrombotic and necrotizing microangiopathy revealing a large granular lymphocytic leukaemia Get access F. Degraeve, F. Degraeve Departments of Internal Medicine B, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Quere, I. Quere Departments of Internal Medicine B, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Dereure, O. Dereure Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐C. Gris, J‐C. Gris Laboratory of Haematology, University Hospital of Nimes, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Dignat‐Georges, F. Dignat‐Georges Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, University Hospital of Marseille, France Correspondence: Dr Isabelle Quere. E‐mail: intmedchumtp@magic.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Durand, L. Durand Pathology, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 2 avenue Bertin Sans, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Janbon C. Janbon Departments of Internal Medicine B, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 2, 1 August 2000, Pages 445–446, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03680.x Published: 01 August 2000
Centrally induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Authors: I. IYODA, H. TAKAHASHI, L.-C. LEE, S. KAMBARA, H. OKAJIMA, S. SASAKI, K. TAKEDA, M. YOSHIMURA, H. IJICHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To investigate the effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on central cardiovascular regulation, an intracerebroventricular injection of the drug was given to male Wistar rats. With doses of 1 microgram and 10 micrograms per rat, blood pressure began to rise within 1 min, attaining a maximum value 5-10 min later. Both heart rate and abdominal sympathetic nerve activity increased simultaneously with the rise in blood pressure. Injection into the fourth ventricle or intravenous administration of the drug elicited no appreciable cardiovascular responses. These results suggest that endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone produced locally in the hypothalamus may participate in central cardiovascular regulation by increasing sympathetic outflow.
Are Gold Standard Depression Measures Appropriate for Use in Geriatric Cancer Patients? A Systematic Evaluation of Self-Report Depression Instruments Used With Geriatric, Cancer, and Geriatric Cancer Samples
Authors: Christian J. Nelson, Christina Cho, Alexandra R. Berk, Jimmie Holland, Andrew J. Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Geriatric issues in cancer are becoming prominent. Depression is a significant concern for both the elderly and patients with cancer, yet identifying depression in these patients is difficult and often leads to under-recognition. We conducted a systematic review to determine which depression instruments are appropriate for use in geriatric patients with cancer. Methods We identified the most commonly used self-report depression instruments. We then used the criteria established in the US Food and Drug Administration Draft Guidance on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to determine the extent of validation evidence of these measures in geriatric cancer populations. Finally, we determined which instruments captured depressive symptoms that are common among elderly patients with cancer. Results Eight measures were selected as the most commonly used instruments. These were the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Profile of Mood States–Short Form, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Many have been validated for use with geriatric adults and patients with cancer; however, data addressing content validity and responder definition were lacking. To date, there is no validation information for geriatric patients with cancer. Furthermore, symptom profile analysis revealed that these measures do not identify many symptoms signaling depression in geriatric patients with cancer. Conclusion The validation evidence for use of common depression instruments in geriatric patients with cancer is lacking. This, and the possibility that these measures may not assess common depressive symptoms in geriatric patients with cancer, questions the adequacy of these scales in this population.
Nitric oxide functions as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion under flow conditions.
Authors: J C de Graaf, J D Banga, S Moncada, R M Palmer, P G de Groot, J J Sixma
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which, in addition to its relaxant effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, is also a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. An inhibitory role on platelet adhesion has been suggested from experiments with washed platelets under static conditions. We have determined whether endothelium-derived and exogenous NO also regulates platelet adhesion in whole blood under flow conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of endothelium-derived NO was studied by the addition of specific inhibitors of NO production, L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) and N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine (L-NIO), to a perfusion system in which both endothelial cells and their matrices were present. A concentration-dependent increase in platelet adhesion to the matrix was found with a maximum inhibition at a concentration of 2 mM L-NMMA and 0.1 mM L-NIO. The effect was dependent on the presence of endothelial cells, because no increase in platelet adhesion was observed in their absence. The effect of exogenous NO was tested in a specially devised perfusion system in which the NO was introduced at the site of adhesion by means of a porous membrane on which an extracellular matrix of endothelial cells was present. Inhibition of platelet adhesion by NO was found at all shear rates tested and after all perfusion periods. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that NO is a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesion under flow conditions and thereby contributes to the regulatory role of vascular endothelial cells on platelet-vessel wall interaction.
Adherence of uremic erythrocytes to vascular endothelium decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression
Authors: Mario Bonomini, Assunta Pandolfi, Natalia Di Pietro, Vittorio Sirolli, Annalisa Giardinelli, Agostino Consoli, Luigi Amoroso, Federico Gizzi, Maria Anna De Lutiis, Mario Felaco
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
A New Natural History of Charcot Foot
Authors: Valeria Ruotolo, Barbara Di Pietro, Laura Giurato, Salvatore Masala, Marco Meloni, Orazio Schillaci, Alberto Bergamini, Luigi Uccioli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The purpose of this study is to describe the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning in the diagnosis and follow-up of stage 0 Charcot foot (CNO) and CNO outcomes when therapeutic options are driven by this image modality.We selected 25 out of 40 diabetic patients with an acute CNO, without any bone involvement at x-ray (stage 0 CNO). Diagnostic criteria were inflammatory clinical signs of the affected foot and skin temperature difference greater than 2°C compared with the contralateral foot (ΔT). All patients underwent x-ray, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning (expressed as standardized uptake value, SUVmax) at baseline (T0). All patients underwent another 18F-FDG PET/CT within 1 month after ΔT was less than 2°C [clinical recovery (T1)] and again every 3 months until SUVmax was less than 2 [final recovery (T2)]; at this time, MRI confirmed the end of the inflammatory condition.T0 ΔT was 3.04 ± 1.65°C. All patients showed T0 SUVmax of the affected foot higher than the contralateral one (3.83 ± 1.087 vs. 1.24 ± 0.3; P < 0.001). At clinical recovery (T1), defined by ΔT below 2°C, the inflammatory signs were no longer present (T0 vs. T1 ΔT = 3.04 ± 1.65 vs. 0.9 ± 0.55°C; P < 0.0001). At T1, SUVmax was unchanged from T0 (3.80 ± 1.69 vs. 3.83 ± 1.09; P = ns). At final recovery (T2), ΔT was 0.74 ± 0.29°C (similar to T1 ΔT), while the SUVmax dropped from T1 to T2 (3.8 ± 1.69 vs. 1.72 ± 0.52; P < 0.0001). Standard therapy was total contact cast and removable cast walker until T2 (15.12 ± 5.45 mo). No patient developed foot bone fractures nor had relapses during follow-up (21.75 ± 16.7 mo).PET/CT scan allows the quantification of the inflammatory process; therefore, it may drive clinical decisions in the management of acute CNO better than clinical criteria. None of our patients developed foot bone fractures or had relapses during follow-up driven by PET/CT scan.
Second-Line Agents for Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes: Are Newer Agents Better?
Authors: Yuanhui Zhang, Rozalina G. McCoy, Jennifer E. Mason, Steven A. Smith, Nilay D. Shah, Brian T. Denton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

While metformin is generally accepted as the first-line agent in treatment of type 2 diabetes, there are insufficient evidence and extensive debate about the best second-line agent. We aimed to assess the benefits and harms of four commonly used antihyperglycemia treatment regimens considering clinical effectiveness, quality of life, and cost.We developed and validated a new population-based glycemic control Markov model that simulates natural variation in HbA1c progression. The model was calibrated using a U.S. data set of privately insured individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We compared treatment intensification of metformin monotherapy with sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, or insulin. Outcome measures included life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), mean time to insulin dependence, and expected medication cost per QALY from diagnosis to first diabetes complication (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, blindness, renal failure, amputation) or death.According to our model, all regimens resulted in similar LYs and QALYs regardless of glycemic control goal, but the regimen with sulfonylurea incurred significantly lower cost per QALY and resulted in the longest time to insulin dependence. An HbA1c goal of 7% (53 mmol/mol) produced higher QALYs compared with a goal of 8% (64 mmol/mol) for all regimens.Use of sulfonylurea as second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes generated glycemic control and QALYs comparable with those associated with other agents but at lower cost. A model that incorporates HbA1c and diabetes complications can serve as a useful clinical decision tool for selection of treatment options.
Impaired measles virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: S Jacobson, M L Flerlage, H F McFarland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

To assess whether an virus-specific immune defect may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), we have examined the ability to generate measles virus-and influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in patients with MS, normal individuals, and other disease controls (ODC). The mean (+/- SEM) measles virus-specific CTL response for normal individuals and ODC was 26.9 +/- 2.9% (N = 17) and 26.7 +/- 2.8% (N = 13) specific lysis, respectively. In contrast, the capacity of MS patients to generate measles virus-specific CTL was markedly diminished. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from MS patients stimulated with measles virus lysed their measles virus-infected autologous B cell line at a group mean level of 6.0 +/- 1.4% (N = 16) specific lysis. MS patients had significantly lower measles virus-specific CTL responses than normal individuals (p less than 0.00001) or ODC (p less than 0.0001). Importantly, this lowered response did not reflect a generalized depressed cytolytic activity of MS patients, since influenza virus-specific CTL and NK activity from these patients were comparable to normals and ODC. Thus, in MS there is a significant depression of measles virus-specific CTL which suggests that this virus-specific immune dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labour.
Authors: M H Hall, R Carr-Hill
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a study of 52,266 live singleton deliveries in a total population male babies were delivered at earlier gestations than female. This difference was not due to induction or elective caesarean section. Female babies were more likely to present and be delivered by the breech. When the presentation was cephalic, male babies were much more likely to be delivered by forceps or caesarean section and female babies to deliver spontaneously.
Blocking the Endogenous Increase in HSP 72 Increases Susceptibility to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Isolated Adult Feline Cardiocytes
Authors: Masayuki Nakano, Douglas L. Mann, Anne A. Knowlton
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 is a ubiquitous protein that is rapidly induced in response to stress and is thought to constitute an endogenous protective response. Previously, work has focused on the effect of overexpression of HSP 72 in various cell types. We were interested in testing the hypothesis that blocking the increase in HSP 72 that occurs in response to hypoxia or ischemia would be deleterious, thus showing that the endogenous response in cells, particularly cardiac cells, is an important line of defense against cell injury. Methods and Results Isolated adult feline cardiocytes were treated with a 14-mer phosphorothioate antisense (AS) to HSP 72 and then exposed to mild (8 hours) or severe (12 hours) hypoxia. With mild hypoxia, an increase in LDH release, a decrease in MTT uptake, and a decrease in live-to-dead ratios were seen in AS-treated cells compared with control cells and cells treated with the complementary sense sequence or with AS to major histocompatibility complex I. AS treatment converted mild hypoxic injury to a pattern of cell injury seen with severe injury. After severe hypoxia, all treatment groups showed an increase in LDH, a decrease in MTT uptake, and a decrease in live-to-dead ratios; AS-treated cells had the greatest increase in cell injury. AS treatment produced a 40% decrease in HSP 72 levels after hypoxia compared with control cells treated with hypoxia. A dose-response study showed inhibition of the increase in HSP 72 with as little as 5 μg (1.24 μmol/L) of AS. Conclusions (1) Blocking an increase in HSP 72 with AS increases the susceptibility of adult cardiac myocytes to hypoxic injury. (2) HSP 72 is an important part of the normal cell response to stress and is important in protecting cardiac myocytes from hypoxia and reoxygenation.
Localization of a single binding site for immunoglobulin light chains on human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.
Authors: Z Q Huang, P W Sanders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cast nephropathy is a severe complication of multiple myeloma. Binding of filtered monoclonal light chains (LC) with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) triggers heterotypic aggregation of these two proteins to form casts in the distal nephron of the kidney. To localize the LC binding site on THP, human THP was deglycosylated and underwent limited trypsin digestion in the presence or absence of a nephrotoxic LC known to bind THP. A 29.6-kD band was protected from trypsin digestion by the addition of LC. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid analyses revealed this band was located between the 6th and 287th amino acid residues of THP. Six peptides located within this 29.6-kD fragment were synthesized and used as potential inhibitors of binding or aggregation of five different nephrotoxic LCs with THP. Peptide AHWSGHCCL (from amino acid 225 to 233) completely inhibited binding and aggregation of these proteins. Optimal inhibition required a cystine residue in this peptide. Truncation experiments demonstrated the entire sequence was necessary for ideal inhibition and the histidine residue explained the effects of pH on binding. These studies provided a basis for further study of LC-THP interaction and a potential approach toward the prevention of cast nephropathy.
The Hurt Brain
Authors: R. H. F. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1957)

All markets pass from one regime to another in the course of time. Statistical models are available to study and quantify the regimes and the transitions. In this article the author looks at monthly data of the history of the Standard &amp; Poor’s 500 Index through the filter of a Regime-Switching Model to find evidence of expected return regimes and volatility regimes, and at the transition probabilities from one to another. <b>TOPICS:</b>Mutual fund performance, financial crises and financial market history, volatility measures
Renal effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with diabetes who have progressive renal disease (PLANET I): a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Dick de Zeeuw, Deborah A Anzalone, Valerie A Cain, Michael D Cressman, Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink, Bruce A Molitoris, John T Monyak, Hans-Henrik Parving, Giuseppe Remuzzi, James R Sowers, Donald G Vidt
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2015)
Minoxidil and Cardiac Enlargement-Reply
Authors: William A. Pettinger
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We are in agreement with most of the points of Dr Svahn's letter. The cardiac enlargement occurring as a result of minoxidil therapy is probably related to druginduced salt and water retention, since hemodialysis can alleviate the cardiac enlargement. Cardiac enlargement develops in some patients and not in others. We suspect differences in renal capacity to excrete salt and water as the explanation for this variability, rather than some mystical alteration of intravascular-extravascular distribution of body fluids. Incidentally, in our experience, a relatively small fraction of the patients sustain good control of BP with long-term substitution of hydralazine for minoxidil. Other new agents are currently under investigation as alternatives to minoxidil in those patients with salt and water problems.
Early trials of angiogenic factors have not targeted patients most at risk of ocular disease
Authors: M. McKibbin, D. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In his clinical review on therapeutic angiogenesis Henry discusses the potential benefits of this treatment in relation to myocardial and limb ischaemia.1 Vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and the angiopoietin receptors have already been evaluated in disease models and small clinical trials and shown to be beneficial. The use of these agents highlights a paradox of subspecialty medicine.

Henry briefly mentions the danger of pathological angiogenesis in other tissues, and this is of particular relevance …