tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vanishing Pancreatic Calcification in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Donald H. Tucker, Irwin B. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ROENTGENOGRAPHIC evidence of pancreatic calcification has been noted in approximately 25 per cent of patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and in 50 per cent of cases of recurrent pancreatitis associated with alcoholism.1 , 2 Calcification developing within a primary pancreatic carcinoma is relatively rare. However, the converse does not appear to be true, and indeed, the reported incidence of pancreatic carcinoma in patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis has been 9.4 and 25 per cent.1 , 3 The case reported below was considered unique because during the course of chronic calcific pancreatitis, roentgenographic evidence of pancreatic decalcification was observed and post-mortem examination revealed a primary . . .
Imipramine blocks rapidly activating and delays slowly activating K+ current activation in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: C Valenzuela, J Sánchez-Chapula, E Delpón, A Elizalde, O Pérez, J Tamargo
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug that also exhibits antiarrhythmic effects and whose clinical spectrum of activity is similar to that of quinidine. It has been previously demonstrated that imipramine inhibits the aggregate time-dependent outward K+ current (IK). IK is composed of at least two components: a slowly activating La(3+)-resistant delayed rectifying current (IK,s) and a rapidly activating La(3+)-sensitive current (IK,r). To assess the effects of imipramine on IK,r and IK,s, single guinea pig ventricular myocytes were studied using the nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique in the absence and in the presence of La3+. Imipramine inhibited IK,r and IK,s in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of imipramine on the aggregate time-dependent outward current were more marked than those on IK,s alone. Thus, 1 mumol/L imipramine decreased the tail currents elicited on return to -30 mV after long depolarizing pulses (5 seconds, from -40 to +50 mV) in the absence and in the presence of La3+ by 27 +/- 4% and 15 +/- 3% (n = 6), respectively. Moreover, the inhibition induced by imipramine was greater after short (0.5-second) pulses than after 5-second depolarizing pulses, both in the absence and in the presence of La3+ (53 +/- 3% and 30 +/- 5%, respectively; n = 6; P &lt; .05). Imipramine did not significantly modify either the activation midpoint or the slope factor of the aggregate IK and IK,s activation curves. The reduction of IK,s by imipramine was voltage dependent and was more marked at negative membrane potentials. In the presence of 1 mumol/L imipramine, the ratio of tail current to time-dependent current remained constant at 0.37 +/- 0.03, regardless of the test pulse duration at +50 mV. Thus, the envelope-of-tails test was satisfied in the presence of 1 mumol/L imipramine, which indicates that imipramine, at this concentration, blocks IK,r. Imipramine (1, 5, and 10 mumol/L) had no effect on the kinetics of the later phase of IK activation but delayed the beginning of the activation of IK,s by 62 +/- 22, 74 +/- 23, and 155 +/- 53 milliseconds in the presence of 1, 5, and 10 mumol/L imipramine, respectively. These results suggest that imipramine preferentially blocks rapidly activating K+ channels. In addition, experiments performed in the presence of 30 mumol/L La3+ suggest that the drug preferentially binds, but maybe not exclusively, to a closed state of the slowly activating K+ channel.
British government launches performance framework
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Teams of doctors and managers will be sent into failing hospitals, and league tables of various clinical indicators will be published in an attempt to improve clinical performance, the government has announced.

Launching the new national performance framework, which was heralded in the recent white paper for England, health minister Alan Milburn said: “If targets aren't met then there will be sanctions to penalise failure just as there will be incentives to reward success. In the new NHS, where performance is not up to scratch, there will be rapid investigation and, where necessary, intervention. Failure will not be tolerated.”

The framework document, which …
Abstract PD03-08: Statin use and improved outcome in primary inflammatory breast cancer: retrospective cohort study
Authors: TM Brewer, H Masuda, T Iwamoto, P Liu, Y Shen, DD Liu, K Kai, CM Barnett, WA Woodward, JM Reuben, P Yang, GN Hortobagyi, NT Ueno
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are cholesterol reducing agents with pleiotropic effects, including antitumorigenic and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that statins reduce the metastatic potential in primary IBC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 724 patients diagnosed with and treated for primary IBC at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between Jan. 12, 1995 and Jan. 27, 2011. Patients with records indicating statin use at the time of IBC diagnosis on the electronic medical record were compared with those without. We further compared outcomes stratified by statin type (hydrophilic [H] versus lipophilic [L]). We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the median disease-free survival (DFS) after surgery, overall survival (OS), and disease specific survival (DSS), followed by Cox proportional hazards regression model to test statistical significance of several potential prognostic factors. Results For primary IBC patients who had information on their statin use status at IBC diagnosis, the median DFS time were 4.88 years, 2.47 years and 1.76 years (P= 0.04); the median OS time 5.05 years, 3.79 years and 4.32 years (P= 0.35); and the median DSS time 5.10 years, 3.79 years and 4.52 years (P= 0.37), for patients who took “ H”, “L” and no statin, respectively. In multivariable Cox model stratified by radiation therapy, ER/PR status and HER2 status, statin “H” use was associated with significantly improved DFS compared to no statin use (HR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.28–0.84; p&amp;lt;0.01), adjusted for lymphatic/vascular invasion. Although there is a trend that patients who used statin “H” had a longer time to death compared to patients who did not take statin, it did not reach statistical significance for OS (HR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.43–1.49; p=0.49) and DSS (HR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.46–1.57, p=0.59) after adjustment for lymphatic/vascular invasion, nuclear grade and surgery status within one year. Conclusions Hydrophilic statin use was associated with improved DFS. There was a trend for reduced HR in OS and DSS among primary IBC patient who used hydrophilic statins. A prospective randomized study to evaluate the potential survival benefits of statins in primary IBC population is warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD03-08.
Novel potential ALL low-risk markers revealed by gene expression profiling with new high-throughput SSH–CCS–PCR
Authors: J Qiu, P Gunaratne, L E Peterson, D Khurana, N Walsham, H Loulseged, R J Karni, E Roussel, R A Gibbs, J F Margolin, M C Gingras
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Immunohistochemical techniques and their applications in the histopathology of the respiratory system.
Authors: I Linnoila, P Petrusz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Subsequent to the first report in the 1940s on incubation of tissue sections with fluorescein-conjugated antibodies for localization of antigens, a great number of modifications were introduced to improve the validity of immunohistochemistry which has become a growingly popular tool. The use of immunoenzymatic techniques eliminates the need for expensive fluorescence microscopy equipment, the lack of permanency of preparations and the lack of electron density required in ultrastructural localization of antigens. Regardless of the technique, it is also important to choose a correct fixation which allows the proper preservation of antigens and morphology and the penetration of antibodies through the entire thickness of the preparation. A variety of immunohistochemical techniques have been applied to study several components of the lung, such as collagen, surface active material, lung specific antigens, and enzymes and the detection of tumor markers, immunoglobulins and infectious agents in the respiratory system which is reviewed. The large surface area and the multiplicity of cell types provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial as well as toxic substances in the environment make this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. Immunohistochemistry provides valuable information complementary to the immunochemical and biochemical characterization of this barrier.
Functional effects of glucose transporters in human ventricular myocardium
Authors: Dirk von Lewinski, Robert Gasser, Peter P. Rainer, Marie‐Sophie Huber, Bastian Wilhelm, Ulrich Roessl, Tobias Haas, Andrae Wasler, Michael Grimm, Egbert Bisping, Burkert Pieske
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Study of the management of suspected cardiac infarction by British immediate care doctors.
Authors: D C Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A study of the management by immediate care general practitioners of 511 patients suspected of suffering from acute myocardial infarction showed that the median time of arrival after the onset of chest pains was 60.2 minutes. One hundred and eleven patients died of cardiac infarction within 48 hours of the onset of chest pain; 23 died in the presence of the general practitioner.
Vitamin A modulation of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents.
Authors: S B Hooser, R J Rosengren, D A Hill, S A Mobley, I G Sipes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Vitamin A (VA, retinol) has been shown to modulate cells of the immune system. When rats are pretreated with VA (75 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, there is greatly potentiated liver damage upon subsequent exposure to hepatotoxicants such as CCl4. This potentiated damage can be blocked by superoxide dismutase or catalase, suggesting that reactive oxygen species are playing a major role in the increased liver injury. The studies reported here examined VA-induced modulation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity in different strains of male rats, female rats, and different strains of male mice. Also, the role of VA-induced weight loss on potentiation of CCl4 injury was investigated. Rats or mice were dosed with VA (retinol) at 75 mg/kg/day, po, for 7 days. In an additional VA dose-response study, mice were given VA at 18.8, 37.5, or 75 mg/kg/day, po, for 7 days. On day 8 they were given a dose of CCl4 which elicited mild hepatic damage. On day 9 they were necropsied. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, and male Fischer-344 and athymic nude rats pretreated with VA had an approximately 10-fold increase in liver damage as compared to vehicle controls. Pretreatment of male Balb/C, C3H/HeJ, Swiss-Webster, or athymic nude mice resulted in a marked reduction of CCl4-induced hepatic damage. In the dose-response study in mice, increasing doses of VA elicited increasing amounts of protection from CCl4-induced liver injury. Paired feeding studies revealed that VA-induced weight loss (or decreased weight gain) had no effect on subsequent VA-induced potentiation (rats) or protection (mice) from hepatic damage caused by CCl4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Foreign Body in the Trachea Causing "Asthma"
Authors: Francis M. Rackemann
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  A young woman of 23 was referred in August 1965 for asthma which she had had off and on for a year and a half. The physician wanted skin tests. In March 1964, twenty months before, her head was hit and her jaw broken in an automobile accident, and she was unconscious for several hours. A few weeks after the accident, chest pain, a slight wheeze, and a troublesome cough developed. During the summer the cough subsided, but in the fall it came again, and in the year since then it had become continuous and at times almost unbearable.  Physical examination, with studies of blood and urine, showed nothing wrong except a few transient rales in the chest on both sides. A series of chest x-rays was normal. Skin tests did show a positive reaction to ragweed, but the symptoms were not limited to or even worse
Medicine and managers.
Authors: C D Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1987)

women at high risk-very young and older women, and those from social classes IV and V.4 21 Neural tube defects might have been prevented by periconceptional vitamin supplementation,22 increasing awareness of the importance of diet both before and during pregnancy, and the wider availability of nutritious foodstuffs.But this is not consistent with observations in Sheffield'8 and Paisley23 that the dramatic decline has occurred concurrently with massive local un- employment and a deteriorating social climate.So the cause of neural tube defects and their decline remains tantalisingly elusive: we have a plethora of data but no explanation.
Chemokines and allergic disease
Authors: Renate Nickel, Lisa A. Beck, Cristiana Stellato, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Understanding the chemokine network has become one of the great challenges for researchers interested in inflammatory mechanisms and inflammation-based diseases. The complexity and diversity of the system provide not only a daunting task for its comprehension but also numerous opportunities for development of new, targeted therapies. It is now certain that chemokines are involved as important mediators of allergic inflammation; the fine details and scope of their roles are now under investigation. Presumably, because of distinct pressures on the immune systems of people living in different geographic regions, genetic variation of ligands, receptors, and regulatory regions in the network have emerged. Establishing the roles of these polymorphisms in determining disease susceptibility or progression among individuals and in distinct ethnic groups will provide a basis for improved understanding and treatment of allergic diseases. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:723-42.)
P234 The importance of appropriate reference equations for spirometry: lessons learned from the Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy "Run-In" study
Authors: G. Davies, A. J. Simpson, K. J. Bayfield, M. J. McGovern, M. A. Embley, H. S. Sheridan, C. Saunders, M. H. Dewar, S. Cunningham, E. W. F. W. Alton, J. A. Innes, J. C. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The “Run-In” study is an on-going longitudinal, observational study of CF patients assessing outcome measures for a future gene therapy trial. Spirometry is performed at each visit and volumes are converted to % predicted values according to published reference equations; historically these were separate for adults and children. Here, we describe the issues arising from this approach, and highlight the benefit of using a reference source which bridges the transition from child to adulthood. <h3>Methods</h3> CF subjects (=10 years; FEV<sub>1</sub>=40% predicted) were recruited from three sites in London and Edinburgh. Visits were undertaken during periods of stability every 3–6 months; data presented here are from the first four visits. Spirometry was performed on an Easyone spirometer. Volumes were converted to % predicted values according to Rosenthal (&lt;18 years) and Quanjer (=18 years) reference equations. The FEV<sub>1</sub> raw data were subsequently re-analysed using Stanojevic reference equations, which span all age ranges. Comparisons were made using paired t-tests. <h3>Results</h3> 191 patients attended visit 1 (mean age 22.7 years, 55% male; 91 patients &lt;18 years). Rosenthal and Quanjer FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted values were significantly higher than the Stanojevic values: mean differences 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.7) for children with Rosenthal equations (p&lt;0.0001), and 2.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 2.8) for adults using Quanjer equations (p&lt;0.0001). 10 patients transitioned between paediatric and adult reference ranges during the study period; the slope of change in their FEV<sub>1</sub>% over visits 1–4 was significantly greater with Rosenthal/Quanjer references than with Stanojevic (p=0.001) largely due to an artefactual drop when switching from Rosenthal to Quanjer values. As an example, a female patient aged 17.8 years at visit 1 had a drop in absolute FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted between visits 1 and 2 of 11% when Rosenthal/Quanjer were used but only 3% with Stanojevic reference values. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results highlight issues raised when separate adult and paediatric spirometry reference ranges are used in longitudinal study. The UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium has adopted the Stanojevic reference source for all spirometry analysis in its ongoing Clinical Programme.
The Sacred Books of Confucius and Other Confucian Classics
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The works of Confucius, like those of Shakespeare and other giants of thought, are unlimited in their pertinence and contain messages for every reader. The physician, especially if he is psychiatrically inclined, cannot help but find himself deeply interested in the structure of Confucian virtues which guide all of man's interpersonal relations, especially within the family where unquestioning devotion and reverence are the only sentiments permissible for children towards their parents and elders. This new edition of the works of the great Chinese philosopher by the two Professors Chai represents by itself the essence of noble Confucian conduct, since nothing could be more in keeping with the master's doctrines than for father and son to collaborate on a work of such profound scholarship. In fact, their translation of this ancient text is superior to most previous ones, inasmuch as the Chais have succeeded in their interpretation in bringing out the
Government's expert group has reached consensus on prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: M. Aylward
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The chronic fatigue syndrome is a complex problem that has attracted a great deal of controversy. Against this background, doctors working for the Department of Social Security and its executive agencies have to give informed and consistent advice. To help in this process I set up an expert group to give me advice on the subject. A consensus view was sought on prognosis and chronicity, which are critical factors in determining a person's entitlement to a benefit or …
T cell receptors with allo-major histocompatibility complex specificity from rat and mouse. Similarity of size, plasmin susceptibility, and localization of antigen-binding region.
Authors: H Binz, H Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Antisera specific for the constant part Ctau of T cell receptor molecules in mice and rats have been produced in rabbits by immunization with idiotype-positive rat T cell molecules. Such antisera could be shown to react with the majority of normal T lymphocytes from both rats and mice. Mixed leukocyte culture-activated T blasts displayed a higher percentage of positive cells than concanovalin A- or phytohemaglutinin-induced T blasts. Lipopolysaccharide-induced B blasts were not reactive with the antiserum. Lyt-1-,2+,3+ blasts displayed a significantly brighter straining than the corresponding Lyt-1+,2-,3- blasts. Isolation of the reactive molecules from T cells by immunosorption yielded a 70,000-dalton single chain polypeptide as the dominant group of molecules. Plasmin caused the chain to split into 45,000- and 25,000-dalton polypeptides, with the smaller fragment displaying antigen-binding capacity. Molecules identical in size and plasma degradation patterns were isolated from Lyt-1+,2-3- and 1-,2+,3+ blasts. Preliminary functional data supported the view that the antiserum is directed against the constant region Ctau relevant receptor structures on immunocompetent T lymphocytes.
ELECTROLYTE AND WATER EXCRETIONS AND RENAL HEMO-DYNAMICS DURING INDUCED CONGESTION OF THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA OF MAN 12
Authors: Saul J. Farber, William H. Becker, Ludwig W. Eichna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

It is apparent that the kidney is the organ ulti- mately responsible for the salt and water retention, * P-Statistical probability per period determined by the method of critical ratio (t test).
Prospective study of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine for aplastic anemia from the EBMT Severe Aplastic Anaemia Working Party
Authors: Judith C. Marsh, Andrea Bacigalupo, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Andre Tichelli, Antonio M. Risitano, Jakob R. Passweg, Sally B. Killick, Alan J. Warren, Theodora Foukaneli, Mahmoud Aljurf, H. A. Al-Zahrani, Philip Schafhausen, Alexander Roth, Anke Franzke, Tim H. Brummendorf, Carlo Dufour, Rosi Oneto, Philip Sedgwick, Alain Barrois, Shahram Kordasti, Modupe O. Elebute, Ghulam J. Mufti, Gerard Socie
Journal: Blood (2012)
Comparative Study of Ceftriaxone and Spectinomycin for Treatment of Pharyngeal and Anorectal Gonorrhea
Authors: Franklyn N. Judson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Of the currently recommended regimens for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, only aqueous penicillin G procaine is effective against infections at all sites. However, procaine penicillin is not effective against penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and suffers from poor patient acceptability owing to the 10-mL volume of injection and allergic and toxic procaine reactions. Ceftriaxone is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with a long serum half-life and is many times more active than penicillin G against both beta-lactamase-positive or -negative strains of N gonorrhoeae. Ceftriaxone was compared as a single, 125-mg, 0.5-mL injection with a single 2-g injection of spectinomycin in difficult to treat pharyngeal gonorrhea in men and women and anorectal gonorrhea of men. Ceftriaxone cured 30/32 (94%) pharyngeal and 52/52 anorectal infections, compared with 6/14 (43%) and 9/9, respectively, for spectinomycin. Both regimens were well tolerated. Ceftriaxone may prove to be a drug of choice for uncomplicated gonorrhea, particularly where homosexual men are treated and/or penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae is prevalent.