tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reinvention of Health Insurance in the Consumer Era
Authors: James C. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The private health insurance industry in the United States has fundamentally changed its strategic focus, product design, and pricing policy as a result of the backlash against managed care. Rather than seek to influence the behavior of physicians through capitation and utilization review, the major health plans now seek to influence the behavior of patients through benefit designs that cover a broad range of services but with high co-payments, tiered network designs that cover a broad range of physicians but with variable coinsurance, and medical management programs that provide incentives for patients to better manage their own health care. Premium prices are carefully adjusted to cover the expected costs of care for each type of product and each class of patient, with a commensurate willingness to abandon enrollment where insurance premiums cannot outrun medical costs. The contemporary product and pricing policies reflect a retreat by the insurance industry from previous efforts to transform the health care system and embody a delegation to individual consumers of responsibility for setting priorities and making financial tradeoffs.
Don't forget that central corneal thickness affects intraocular pressure
Authors: I. Georgalas, D. Pagoulatos, C. Koutsandrea, D. Papaconstantinou
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In response to King and colleagues’ excellent review of glaucoma,1 we add some important information in diagnosis.

Goldmann acknowledged that central corneal thickness affects intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by applanation tonometry, but the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study showed that thinner corneas are an independent risk factor for the …
Beating High Blood Pressure with Low-Sodium DASH
Authors: Philip Greenland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The 1997 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial1 marked an important advance in the study of lifestyle factors as they relate to health and disease. Its findings were immediately incorporated into the report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure2 and took center stage in recent dietary guidelines published by the American Heart Association.3 These guidelines stress a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grain products, with the inclusion of low-fat and fat-free dairy products, fish, legumes, poultry, and lean meats for both treatment and prevention of hypertension. Although the 1997 . . .
Royal College lays down minimum standards for the treatment of children
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The level of care provided to children and young people in the health service is in “crisis” and the health of those children is suffering and will continue to do so unless there is a “radical change,” the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has warned.

Publishing a new set of service standards, Facing the Future: Standards for Paediatric Services , the college has called for a series of far reaching changes to the way healthcare is delivered to the young across the NHS.

The standards describe a set of minimum requirements for all general paediatric …
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hong I Tjoa, Norman M Kaplan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Hypertension may be partially or completely controlled by appropriate use of nondrug therapies. Because diabetic patients are so often hypertensive and because the same nondrug therapies effective for treatment of hypertension may also benefit the diabetes, the use of nondrug therapies is particularly important in these patients. Evidence about the effectiveness of various nondrug therapies is provided along with practical suggestions to improve patient adherence to them.
Human Genome Epidemiology: A Scientific Foundation for Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease
Authors: P. W. Franks
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Hypnosis for Obstetrics
Authors: Frank Moya
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In order to examine the benefits resulting from the use of hypnosis in obstetrics, 21 infants delivered with the help of this technic were studied clinically and biochemically and compared with infants born under various types of analgesia and anesthesia. Of the 21 babies, 20 were in excellent clinical condition at birth. This was not significantly different from the incidence found in a regional anesthesia group. Biochemical analysis of cord blood samples were also similar in most groups and consistent with mild to moderate asphyxia present in all the infants. However, serial determinations of the acid-base status during the first hour of life showed a significantly greater ability of the hypnosis group of babies to recover from the asphyxia of birth, as compared to the non-hypnosis infants including a non-medicated regional anesthesia group.
Walking the Dog
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Ad Libitum15 February 1991Walking the DogJohn L. Wright, MDJohn L. Wright, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-4-344_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptShe weighedthree hundred pounds.Fat and high sugarswere killing her,I thought.So,I thought.So,I gave her a puppywith dark curly hair;nothing elsehad worked.Walking the dogtwice a day,I thoughtmight persuade,might motivate.She was pleasedwith my prescription,she laughed,she rockedfrom side to side.She livedfor twelve yearshuggingthat little black dogwhile her lean husbandwalked it faithfully,twice a day.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Swedish Hospital Medical Center Seattle, WA 98104 Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1991Volume 114, Issue 4Page: 344-344KeywordsFatsHomicideWalking ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE de SCHWEINITZ MEMORIAL FUND
Authors: Edmund R. Purves
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  Through the death of Dr. George de Schweinitz in 1938 the medical profession lost one of its greatest leaders, the city a splendid citizen and his many patients a devoted friend. It seems fitting that some permanent memorial be established in Dr. de Schweinitz's name in the University of Pennsylvania, where so much of his life was spent.  With the acquisition of his medical books by the School of Medicine, his friends and former associates plan to equip and furnish a room in the University Hospital to be known as the de Schweinitz Memorial Library. The cost of remodeling such a room, in which his collection of books can be properly housed and which will probably contain his portrait, is estimated at about $5,000.  When completed, this library will be open to all physicians and medical students and will comprise one of the best collections of ophthalmologic
The Impact of Penicillin on the Treatment of Meningitis
Authors: Martin G. Täuber
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>Meningitis Before Penicillin</h3> Meningococcal meningitis, or cerebrospinal fever, as the disease was once called, has been registered in the medical literature as a serious health problem for almost 200 years. Since its first description in 1805 by Vieusseaux,<sup>1</sup>many catastrophic epidemic outbreaks and numerous sporadic cases have been recorded. The tendency of the disease to occur in closed populations, where person-to-person spread is favored and high nasopharyngeal carrier rates are observed, has magnified the hysteria over the disease. High attack rates have been observed in military recruit camps, colleges, and similar populations.<sup>2</sup>Before specific anti-infectious treatment became available, the reported mortality from the disease ranged between 30% and 90%, with the highest case fatality rates observed in very young children and in adults older than 40 years.<sup>3</sup> Treatment before the antibiotic era was based on two principles. Initially, drainage of CSF by repeated lumbar punctures was performed
<i>In Vitro</i> Production of IgE and IgG Protein by Blood Mononuclear Cells from Non‐Atopic and Atopic Donors
Authors: R. M. Cook, M. J. Deards, E. L. Rhodes, D. M. Moran
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The production of IgE and IgG protein by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture has been examined. Cells obtained from 18 grass‐sensitive donors during the grass, pollen season and From 11 atopic dermatitis patients (total serum IgE levels &gt; 960 ng/ml). spontaneously produced significant amounts of IgE but not IgG with time. Similar results were obtained using B‐cell enriched preparations from both groups. Cells from 16 non‐atopic donors had mean levels of pre‐formed IgE similar to those of grass pollen‐sensitive donors, but there was no increase in culture IgE with time, Treatment of mononuclear cells with pokeweed mitogen did not influence the production of IgE but markedly increased the amount of IgE synthesized by non‐atopic and atopic donr cells Slight, but significant in crease in culture IgE. but not IgG. were seen following a 7‐day lymphoblastoid B‐cell line, Raji, Treatment of cells with 50 HA units of inøluenza A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) virus or with 0.02% v/v (240 IU/ml) of a purified β‐interferon preparation did not alter IgE or IgG produced.
Ambulance service puts too much emphasis on response time to detriment of overall care, says National Audit Office
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A new report into England’s ambulance service has shown inefficiencies and wasteful practice.

The report, by the National Audit Office, says that the ambulance service could save the NHS £165m (€190m; $270m) a year if all 11 ambulance trusts adopted the best practices. Moreover it says that the Department of Health has placed too much emphasis on speed of response as a measure of performance rather than on clinical outcomes.

“Over the last 10 years, until the beginning of April 2011, the Department has focused on response time targets, rather than taking a more rounded view of whether cost-effective clinical outcomes have been achieved,” states the report.

“The 8-minute response target, intended for the most seriously ill patients, is one of the most …
For debate...Caucasian.
Authors: B J Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

OBJECTIVE--To test patient compliance for faecal occult blood testing in suburban and inner city general practice. DESIGN--Prospective opportunistic trial using the Haemoccult test kit. Tests were offered during routine surgery attendance. SETTING--Three group general practices in Birmingham. SUBJECTS--All patients aged 40 years or older on the start date who routinely attended surgery during two years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of patients approached for testing and the numbers refusing, accepting, and returning the test kits. RESULTS--Only 26.3% (1230/4677) of the potential target population had been screened within the two years, although 988 (39.3%) of the suburban practice target were screened. However, 55.7% (1230/2207) of patients actually offered a test returned completed kits, with only 6% (133) refusing the kit. 683 (61.6%) patients aged 50-69 returned kits, compared with 343 (54.3%) aged 70 or over and 204 (43.8%) aged 40-49. These differences were significant (p less than 0.001). Patients from the inner city practice were significantly less likely to be offered the test than those in suburban practice (242 (11.2%) v 988 (39.9%), p less than 0.001) and return the samples (242 (38.8%) v 988 (62.4%), p less than 0.001). Patients from the inner city practice were also more likely to refuse the test (78 (12.5%) v 55 (3.5%), p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS--Opportunistic testing for occult faecal blood in asymptomatic patients was reasonably acceptable to patients, especially those in a suburban practice. If the test is shown to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer then formal screening would probably achieve acceptable target rates, especially among patients aged 50-69, who represent the prime risk group.
Ovariotomy Performed for the Third Time in the Same Patient
Authors: G. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1891)

improbable that the abdominal wall could be made strong enough to resist the pressure of the prolapsed intestines, therefore, in them obliteration of the hernial sac and suture of the abdominal wall should be followed by the wearing of a truss.In conclusion I ought, perlhaps, to refer to the operations of radical cure which may be performed after ketotomy.But so much has been written and said upon this subject that this may be done very briefly.First, however, it is not to be ex- pected that anly of these procedures can be undertaken without danger unless perfect aseptic precautions are used and at- tained, and too much stress cannot be laid upon the importance of sterilizing the sponges, ligatures, instruments, and materials used in the operation.No operation for radical cure can be relied upon whihel does not achieve two tlings: first, absolute obliteration of the sac without leaving a depression at its opening into the peri- toneum; and secondly, the repair of the abdominal wall.Macewen's operation fulfils these conditions, anid, as lhe and others have shown, can be practised with safety.However, I have found that as regards the treatment of the sac it has not always seemed wise to fold it into a pad, as Macewen recommends.In femoral hernihe the sae is some- times in such a condition that it has been impractieable to convert it into a pad, and therefore I myself halve usually dealt with it as follows.Its neck is transfixed and then en- circled with a long and moderately thick silk ligature, and securely tied.Next the ends of the thread are passed sepa- rately, about an inch apart, through the abdominal wall, well above Poupart's ligament, so that when they are pulled upon the neck of the sac ascends the crural canal and is fixed by tying the ligature.Afterwards Hey's ligament and the pubic portion of the fascia lata are brought together by suit- able sutures, and the wound closed after having been irrigated with perchloride.
Geniculate Body and Colour Vision
Authors: J. H. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1940)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Diseases of the glomeruli, the renal filtration units, are a leading cause of progressive kidney disease. Assessment of the ultrastructure of podocytes at the glomerular filtration barrier is essential for diagnosing diverse disease entities, providing insight into the disease pathogenesis as well as monitoring treatment responses. New technologies, including superresolved nanoscopy and expansion microscopy, as well as new sample preparation techniques, are starting to revolutionize imaging of biopsy specimens. However, our previous approaches for simple and fast three-dimensional imaging of optically cleared samples are to date not compatible with formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, impeding application in clinical routine. Here we provide protocols that circumvent these limitations and allow for three dimensional STED and confocal imaging of FFPE kidney tissue with similar staining and image quality as compared to our previous approaches. This would increase the feasibility to implement these protocols in clinical routines, as FFPE is the gold standard method for storage of patient samples.
HIV-1 Subtype and Reverse Transcriptase Genotype: Role for Geographical Location and Founder Effects
Authors: Akinyemi I Ojesina, Phyllis J Kanki
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In a previous issue of PLoS Medicine, Kantor et al. [1] published very impressive results from an international multicenter collaboration in which they reported significant overlap between subtype B drug resistance mutations and mutations associated with at least one non-B isolate in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease. This information is very useful for planning large-scale global surveys for antiretroviral drug resistance.
Mechanoenergetic effects of pimobendan in canine left ventricles. Comparison with dobutamine.
Authors: K Hata, Y Goto, S Futaki, Y Ohgoshi, H Yaku, O Kawaguchi, T Takasago, A Saeki, T W Taylor, T Nishioka
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the effect of pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS) to increase calcium sensitivity of contractile protein might result in less myocardial oxygen consumption (VO2) in comparison with dobutamine when they enhance ventricular contractility to the same extent. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the effects of pimobendan and dobutamine on left ventricular contractility and energetics using the frameworks of Emax (contractility index) and the relation between VO2 and PVA (systolic pressure-volume area, a measure of left ventricular total mechanical energy). METHODS AND RESULTS We measured VO2, Emax, PVA, and force-time integral (FTI) in excised, cross-circulated, nonfailing dog hearts. The slope of the VO2-PVA relation reciprocally indicates the efficiency from PVA-dependent VO2 to the total mechanical energy (contractile efficiency). The VO2 intercept of the VO2-PVA relation, i.e., PVA-independent VO2, reflects energy utilization for excitation-contraction coupling. The ratio of FTI to PVA-dependent VO2 can be called contractile economy. Both drugs comparably enhanced Emax. Although the contractile economy was greater by 14 +/- 19% (p less than 0.05) for pimobendan than for dobutamine, the contractile efficiency was similar between the two drugs. Oxygen cost of contractility, defined as the slope of the relation between the PVA-independent VO2 and Emax, was the same between the two drugs. Other mechanoenergetic effects of both drugs were similar except for a greater coronary vasodilating effect of pimobendan. CONCLUSIONS Pimobendan has almost the same mechanoenergetic effects as dobutamine but slightly greater contractile economy and coronary vasodilation. The calcium-sensitizing effect of pimobendan did not save the oxygen cost of contractility.
Autologous leukemia-specific T-cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
Authors: S K Lee, R T Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Short-term culture of acute myelogenous leukemia patient's remission lymphocytes with inactivated autologous leukemic blast cells plus allogeneic lymphocytes, generated effector T lymphocytes which were cytotoxic for the specific autologous blast cell in 11 of 14 patients studied. Experiments using Daudi and Molt 4 lymphoblastoid cell lines as third-party helper cell suggest that an HLA D locus incompatability is necessary to provide effective help in this system. Cold target inhibition experiments, crossover studies between pairs of patients, and experiments with allogeneic leukemic blast cells as priming stimulus suggest that the target antigen is only present on the specific autologous blast cell.
Absence of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa from monocytes.
Authors: K J Clemetson, J L McGregor, R P McEver, Y V Jacques, D F Bainton, W Domzig, M Baggiolini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis were used in the investigation of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa in platelets, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages from human blood. All techniques detected the glycoproteins in platelets but not in the mononuclear phagocytes. Similar results were obtained by immunochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against the platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa (revealed by a gold-labeled second antibody) which bound heavily to the platelet but not to the monocyte surface. The biochemical techniques used for the analysis of mononuclear phagocytes would have reliably detected the level of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa contributed by a 5% contamination with platelets, calculated on a per cell basis. We conclude that human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages lack glycoproteins IIb/IIIa. Our results further indicate that centrifugal elutriation yields monocyte preparations with minimal contamination by platelets. It seems likely that the positive results obtained by other authors were due to the presence of platelets or fragments on the monocytes.
Sorafenib induces cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by translational downregulation of Mcl-1
Authors: S Huber, M Oelsner, T Decker, C Meyer zum Büschenfelde, M Wagner, G Lutzny, T Kuhnt, B Schmidt, R A J Oostendorp, C Peschel, I Ringshausen
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
SYPHILIS AND VENEREAL DISEASES AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
Authors: H. G. IRVINE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Health authorities ought to be concerned with all diseases which, being infectious and communicable, are likely, through their spread, to endanger public health. It is said that the knowledge necessary to control such a disease consists of the recognition of the causative germ, its method of being carried and the having of a specific therapy. For years we have known the germs of syphilis and gonorrhea, have been perfectly cognizant of how both diseases are carried, and have had at hand a more or less specific therapy. More than that, we have known that continence is entirely consistent with health, and that it is an almost sure preventive of both diseases; and yet, we have hesitated as individuals and as a profession to go on record for it. We have even hesitated, and perhaps with good reason, to advocate those well known artificial means of prevention which the Army and
Premenstrual exacerbation of atopic dermatitis
Authors: D. Kemmett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Premenstrual exacerbation of atopic dermatitis Get access D. Kemmett D. Kemmett Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edindurgh EH3 9YW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 5, 1 May 1989, Pages 715–718, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01362.x Published: 01 May 1989