tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ORIGIN OF THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Authors: BRUCE K. WISEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Since 1870, when hematology was first established as a branch of scientific medicine by the discovery of cells in the blood stream, 1 the polemics of the problem concerning these circulating units have centered about their origin. Each decade has witnessed an increasing volume of research and an even greater variety of interpretation in an attempt to establish some concept of the histogenesis of these cells on a sound and unassailable foundation. While complete success in reaching this objective has in no sense been attained, it nevertheless is profitable to analyze, from time to time, certain fundamental aspects of the problem which seem to be influenced or clarified by recent contributions in this field. Therefore, while recognizing the difficulties inherent in the problem and the necessity of altering interpretations from time to time as additional new facts become apparent, the present discussion will seek to analyze critically some of the
High-Definition and 3-dimensional Imaging of Macular Pathologies with High-speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Vivek J. Srinivasan, Maciej Wojtkowski, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker, Tony H. Ko, Mariana Carvalho, Joel S. Schuman, Andrzej Kowalczyk, James G. Fujimoto
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Geographic Variation in Medicare Services
Authors: Joseph P. Newhouse, Alan M. Garber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Joseph Newhouse on the importance of differences in Medicare spending within hospital referral regions. (07:07)Download An IOM committee report on geographic variation in Medicare spending and the advisability of value-adjusted payments shows that most of the variation is due to the use of post–acute-care and inpatient services and that provider behavior varies substantially within areas.
TUMORS OF THE PAROTID GLAND
Authors: Louis T. Byars
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial "Tumors of the Parotid Gland" in the Jan. 31, 1953, issue ofThe Journalcontains a number of inaccuracies, expresses several misconceptions, and treats a serious subject in a superficial manner. The surgeon who has had good training and experience in dealing with these tumors will note the deficiencies in the editorial, but the physician who may be called on to treat such conditions and relies in part on what he reads for guidance will be misled to the detriment of his patient. The following points must be emphasized. It is not possible by sialography to determine the relationship of a tumor to the divisions of the facial nerve. As a benign tumor within the parotid gland expands, it becomes closely applied to numerous filaments of the facial nerve, distorting the position of these filaments. It is not unusual for various divisions of the facial
Multiple Sclerosis and Poliomyelitis
Authors: E. D. Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

ings with crush syndrome frequently pro- t"gressed to blister formation and were mistaken for bums.' Depending somewhat on tem- perature (which determines the metabolic needs and the ischaemic death time of tissues) a quite small compressing force such as the weight of the body will produce ischaemic tissue damage and tissue death.Some cases of prolonged unconsciousness, besides show- ing skin damage and pressure palsies, may show muscle necrosis and secondary renal tubular damage; such a mechanism is responsible for some of the cases of " lower nephron nephrosis " seen associated with carbon-monoxide poisoning, barbiturate poisoning, prolonged anaesthesia, or other causes of prolonged unconsciousness.It was found that muscle necrosis and the release of myoglobin into the blood stream following return of the circulation seldom appeared under three hours' compression, but after four hours' compression was not uncommon.-I am, etc.,
Type II enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter analysis from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Eric Tse, Harinder Gill, Florence Loong, Seok Jin Kim, Siok‐Bian Ng, Tiffany Tang, Young‐Hyeh Ko, Wee‐Joo Chng, Soon‐Thye Lim, Won Seog Kim, Yok‐Lam Kwong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma. A multicenter study from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group identified 38 EATL patients within a 19-year period. All cases were type II EATL. Men were affected twice as common as women, at a median age of 59 (23-89) years. None had a history of celiac disease. The sites of involvement were small bowel and stomach (5%), small bowel (63%), small and large bowel (16%), and large bowel (18%). Common presenting features were bowel perforation (34%), pain (32%), and obstruction (21%). Lymphomas showed monomorphic neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates that were CD3⁺ (100%), CD56⁺ (91%), TIA-1⁺ (96%), CD4⁻CD8⁺ (63%), CD4⁺CD8⁺ (19%), CD4⁻CD8⁻ (16%), and CD4⁺CD8⁻ (3%). Epstein Barr virus was demonstrable in three cases. Despite chemotherapy and/or surgical resection, the overall response and complete response rates were poor at 46% and 38%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7 months and progression-free-survival (PFS) 1 month. Five patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation all were alive. Age and the prognostic index for peripheral T-cell lymphoma were not prognostically significant. Good performance status was associated with better OS (P = 0.03), and response to initial treatment led to better OS and PFS (P < 0.001).
Hormonal regulation of cytosolic free calcium and its functional consequences: the GH-cell model.
Authors: A H Tashjian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Use of clonal strains of prolactin (PRL)- and growth hormone-producing rat pituitary cells has proven informative in elucidating a number of the early biochemical, ionic, and secretory events regulated by the hypothalamic tripeptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH causes biphasic changes in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium [( Ca2+]i) in GH4C1 cells and biphasic changes in hormone secretion. Early changes occur on a msecond to second scale and late changes, on a time scale of minutes. Although increases in [Ca2+]i are essential for enhanced secretion, at least in the case of the rapid initial phase, the TRH-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is necessary, but not sufficient to enhance secretion. A co-mediator with calcium appears to be diacylglycerol. The majority of the calcium involved in the early phase of rise in [Ca2+]i induced by TRH is derived from intracellular sources, while essentially all of the calcium rise observed in the late phase is derived from extracellular calcium entering the cell through both voltage-dependent and voltage-independent conductances. Because TRH causes an elevation of inositol(1,4,5) trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] within seconds, but not mseconds, further studies are required before it can be concluded unequivocally that Ins(1,4,5)P3 is the sole mediator of the rapid phase of rise in [Ca2+]i induced by TRH in GH-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
912 UDCA UP-REGULATES HUMAN PLACENTAL OATP-A MRNA EXPRESSION
Authors: F. Azzaroli, A. Mennone, M.E. Raspanti, M.L. Longo, L. Turco, F. Buonfiglioli, M. Giandinoto, E. Roda, N. Mazzella, F. Lodato, M. Montagnani, J.L. Boyer, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Parental access and family facilities in children's wards in England.
Authors: W R Hain
Journal: BMJ (1983)

been more honest to stigmatise the self designated "planning for the unthinkable" as "plain lunatic" rather than as "somewhat paradoxical"-a ridiculous, tragic euphemism that seems to me to epitomise the blindness with which, its eyes wide open, mankind is marching towards its doom ?Must doctors be in the van ?And do you not think that, with the fate of the earth6i at stake, we need both nonparochial reporting and a fearless determina- tion always to tell it like it is ?
Change in Shape and Position of the Pancreas with Posture of the Patient
Authors: T M D GIMLETTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A comparison of images obtained using 75Semethionine revealed changes in the shape and position of the pancreas when the patient was in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions. These changes, which were appreciable and often marked in 93% of 168 patients with a probable normal pancreas, sometimes helped in the interpretation of an image. Similar changes were noted in 12 (63%) of 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis where an adequate image could be obtained.
THE EMBRYONIC PIA
Authors: Clarence B. Farrar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1907)

The encephalon is essentially an ectodermal organ, being derived from the epiblast in the developing embryo.Very early, however, practically as soon as the cerebral vesicle appears and the hemispheres become differentiated, the ectodermal organ is surrounded by a mesodermal sheath, from which arise later the two membranes,-the dura and the pia-arachnoid.This development and differentiation can be well followed by examining a cross-section of the cord region in an early embryonic chick.
Chemotherapy of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Lucius F. Sinks
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The treatment of neuroblastoma of childhood has long fascinated the physician and surgeon. Perhaps this is because of the vagary of the tumor. In spite of gloomy mortality figures, an appreciable number of cases have responded to some form of therapy, be it surgery, irradiation, and more recently, chemotherapy, and have survived. Moreover, cases of spontaneous remissions have been seen. This occasional happy outcome serves as a great stimulus to all concerned, but also leads to premature conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the therapeutic agent or agents being employed. Neuroblastoma represents approximately 12% of all childhood tumors, excluding the leukemias and lymphomas,<sup>38,39</sup>and in the not so distant past when no therapy was available, the average survival was quoted as ranging from eight weeks<sup>39</sup>to four months.<sup>40</sup>This universally hopeless picture changed considerably in 1940 when Farber<sup>41</sup>and Wyatt and Farber<sup>8</sup>published their series on
An Assessment of the Potential Value of Endoscopic Ultrasound as a Cost-Minimizing Tool in Dyspeptic Patients with Persistent Symptoms
Authors: A. V. Sahai, I. D. Penman, G. Mishra, D. Williams, A. Pearson, M. B. Wallace, A. van Velse, B. J. Hoffman, R. H. Hawes
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Study Aims: To quantify resource utilization in dyspeptic patients with persistent symptoms and to determine whether using both the endoscopic and ultrasound capabilities of endoscopic ultrasound could reduce costs.
RXR Is an Essential Component of the Oncogenic PML/RARA Complex In Vivo
Authors: Jun Zhu, Rihab Nasr, Laurent Pérès, Florence Riaucoux-Lormière, Nicole Honoré, Caroline Berthier, Dmitrii Kamashev, Jun Zhou, Dominique Vitoux, Catherine Lavau, Hugues de Thé
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
SPIROCHAETOSIS ICTEROHAEMORRHAGICA: The Presence of the Causal Organism in Slime as a Source of an Outbreak in East Lothian
Authors: G. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1924)

DURING the period 1907 to 1923 (inclusive) 2,000 cases of acute purulenit otitis miiedia were seen at the Ear anid Thlroat Department of the Royal Inifirm-iary, Ediniburgh, unider the charge of Dr. Logan Turn-er (1907Turn-er ( to 1921) ) or uinder my-own charg;e (1921 to 1923).Among these cases, 609 came to mastoid 6peration.Onie patienit had cerebellar abscess and
Ambulatory follow-up of aortic dissection by transesophageal two-dimensional and color-coded Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: S Mohr-Kahaly, R Erbel, H Rennollet, N Wittlich, M Drexler, H Oelert, J Meyer
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Follow-up of 18 patients with aortic dissection (five with type I, one with type II, 11 with type III dissection according to DeBakey) by transesophageal, two-dimensional and color-coded Doppler echocardiography showed a persistence of the false lumen in five of seven patients (71%) after surgery and in nine of 11 patients (82%) after medical therapy. In two patients treated with surgery, the dissected part of the aorta had been resected, whereas in two patients treated medically, a progressive and complete obliteration of the false lumen was observed. In the false lumen, thrombus formation was absent in four, localized in four, and progressive in six patients. Flow within the false lumen could be registered in 14 patients, and two distinct flow patterns were differentiated (laminar biphasic flow or slowly circulating flow). Persisting intimal tears were visualized by two-dimensional echocardiography in four patients, whereas color-coded Doppler showed an additional one to three intimal tears in the descending aorta in 10 patients. Flow across these intimal tears was biphasic in 75% of patients; that is, systolic flow was directed from the true to the false lumen with diastolic flow reversal. Unidirectional flow was detected in 25% of the communications, directed in 20% from the true to the false lumen, serving as an entry only and in one (5%) as reentry only. Additional information concerning complications like extension of the dissection (one of 18 patients), localized dilatation of the regurgitation (three of 18 patients) were detected by this method. Concerning the morphologic findings and the detection of flow characteristics, the transesophageal approach was superior to conventional echocardiography especially in the descending thoracic aorta. Thus, transesophageal two-dimensional and color-coded Doppler echocardiography seems to be an ideal method not only for the easy detection of aortic dissection but also for follow-up.
Pathways of matrix metalloproteinase induction in heart failure: Bioactive molecules and transcriptional regulation
Authors: A DESCHAMPS, F SPINALE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

The structural basis for the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) is a maladaptive myocardial remodeling process which occurs secondarily to post-myocardial infarction (MI), hypertensive hypertrophy, or cardiomyopathy. Both cellular and extracellular factors are involved in the remodeling process and it is the combined action of these factors giving rise to changes in myocardial structure which eventually affects function. One component in this remodeling process is a family of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, the matrix metalloproteinases or MMPs. Many bioactive molecules such as cytokines/chemokines, bioactive peptides, and neurohormones which are operative in CHF likely contribute to the induction of MMPs. For example, a specific cassette of transcription factors is likely induced with extracellular stimuli in the context of CHF which in turn induces MMPs and contributes to the maladaptive remodeling process. This review will briefly discuss the biology of the MMP family, but will more importantly identify how biological factors active in CHF result in the modulation of the MMP family. Understanding how upstream molecules are involved in MMP regulation/dysregulation may provide an avenue to develop important therapeutic interventions.
Effect of β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade on Blood Flow to Collateral-Dependent Myocardium During Exercise
Authors: Jay H. Traverse, John D. Altman, James Kinn, Dirk J. Duncker, Robert J. Bache
Journal: Circulation (1995)

beta-Adrenergic receptors have been identified in isolated coronary collateral blood vessels, but their functional significance in the intact heart has not been demonstrated.We measured myocardial blood flow with radioactive microspheres in normal and collateral-dependent myocardium in eight dogs trained to run on a treadmill before and after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, 200 micrograms/kg, a dose that effectively inhibited the increase in coronary blood flow produced by selective beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic agonists. Collateral vessel growth was stimulated with 2-minute intermittent occlusions of the left anterior descending artery followed by permanent occlusion. During control exercise, blood flow in the collateral zone was 38 +/- 5% less than in the normal zone. At identical levels of exercise, with heart rate maintained constant by atrial pacing, propranolol decreased mean blood flow in the collateralized myocardium from 1.93 +/- 0.17 to 1.50 +/- 0.14 mL.min-1.g-1 (P < .01), while increasing the subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow ratio from 0.78 +/- 0.11 to 0.91 +/- 0.10 (P < .05). The decrease in collateral zone blood flow in response to propranolol resulted from an increase in both transcollateral resistance from 25.9 +/- 2.3 to 35.2 +/- 4.3 mm Hg.mL-1.min.g (P < .05) and small-vessel resistance in the collateral-dependent myocardium from 30.9 +/- 4.7 to 44.0 +/- 8.8 mm Hg.mL-1.min.g (P < .07). Blood flow to the normal zone was also significantly reduced from 3.14 +/- 0.21 to 2.23 +/- 0.12 mL.min-1.g-1 (P < .01) after propranolol.beta-Adrenergic blockade decreased blood flow to collateral-dependent myocardium during exercise. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic receptor activation contributes to vasodilation of coronary collateral vessels during exercise.
Why Isn't a Commercial Sex Worker a Prostitute?-Reply
Authors: Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We used the term<i>commercial sex worker</i>rather than<i>prostitute</i>advisedly in our article describing the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among young men in northern Thailand. While the term<i>prostitute</i>is certainly more colorful than the sterility of the term<i>commercial sex worker</i>(CSW), prostitute has a decidedly negative connotation. The reality of the lives of the women referred to in our article is one in which they sell sex for financial gain in various settings. While many work in brothels and are referred to as "direct CSWs" by the Ministry of Public Health's Communicable Disease Control office, many others also work as singers, waitresses, or masseuses. The latter are commonly referred to as "indirect CSWs." The motivations for engaging in this work by women are numerous but generally are based on a real need to obtain the economic resources necessary for everyday living, not
X-ray Diagnosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. S. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1943)

Acute D latation of the StomachA case of this dangerous malady has just occurred in my hospital practice, and may prove of interest with reference to the article by Messrs. Lee and Somerville (1941) and the letter by Dr. Gustav Singer (1941), both in your columns. CASE HISTORYAn otherwise healthy man aged 35 was admitted for pain in the abdomen, vomiting, and constipation.Examination showed marked meteorism, tenderness in the lower abdomen, and a ballooned recLum with fullness in the upper part of the recto-vesical space.Two
Beat the Système
Authors: Erin G. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Americans are frequently thought by our neighbors in the global village to have an aversion to changes in units of measurement. After 100 years, we still have not converted to the metric system, while the rest of the world rushes on with this lingua franca of commerce. And so it is in the world of clinical laboratory measurement. While many of the world's clinical laboratories and clinicians use the Système International (SI), we in this country are still using "conventional" measurements. However, expressing units on a molar rather than a weight basis is thought to be more correct. Many journals, including<i>JAMA</i>, request study results to be reported in SI, although some have retreated from the stance of "SI only." For those clinicians who wish quick conversion between SI and conventional units, there's Beat the Système. This is a low-priced, simple, no-nonsense conversion program that runs under Microsoft Windows. It
Reservations about study on antidepressant use by young people and suicidal behaviour after FDA warnings
Authors: A. D. Mosholder, L. G. Taylor, V. Crentsil
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with several of Lu and colleagues’ conclusions.1 However, we have serious reservations about their conclusion that antidepressant warnings discouraged appropriate pharmacotherapy for depression, resulting in more suicidal behaviours by patients with unmedicated depression.

Firstly, we agree that there was no appreciable increase in completed suicide rates in young people coinciding with the warnings, as confirmed by Barber and colleagues.2 Indeed, in 2007, after the warnings, the US adolescent suicide rate reached a 25 year low.3 The quarterly suicide rates in adults presented by Lu and colleagues are generally below age specific US suicide rates, which suggests under-reporting. However, we would not expect systematic under-reporting of suicides to affect the trend analyses if the level of under-reporting remained constant.

We also agree that a trend change in antidepressant usage occurred after the warnings. However, it is unclear whether this change is entirely due to the warnings because promotional spending on antidepressants by drug companies dropped by about a third during the same period (by roughly $200m (£124m; €158m) per quarter between 2004 and 2006.4

We agree, too, that psychotropic …
Wii seems safe with pacemakers
Authors: R. Rajani, A. Kumar, M. Jiwani
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Despite its popularity,1 concerns exist about the safety of the Wii console in patients with cardiac pacemakers because of the possibility of electromagnetic interference. The Nintendo Wii’s remote control uses Bluetooth technology (2.4 GHz) to communicate with the gaming console, and cardiac pacemakers often incorporate similar technology. This frequency falls within the range of electromagnetic interference …
MitraClip® therapy in patients with end‐stage systolic heart failure
Authors: Olaf Franzen, Jan van der Heyden, Stephan Baldus, Michael Schlüter, Wolfgang Schillinger, Christian Butter, Rainer Hoffmann, Roberto Corti, Giovanni Pedrazzini, Martin J. Swaans, Michael Neuss, Volker Rudolph, Daniel Sürder, Jürg Grünenfelder, Christine Eulenburg, Hermann Reichenspurner, Thomas Meinertz, Angelo Auricchio
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
P453 UPTAKE OF ANTI-PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION AMONG CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS: A MISSED OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVING PATIENT OUTCOME
Authors: N. Palaniyappan, J. Chivinge, M. Matthews, A. Mierkalns, E.A. Wilkes, M.W. James, S.D. Ryder, J. West, I.N. Guha, G.P. Aithal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)