tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nature and quantity of fuels consumed in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Authors: O E Owen, V E Trapp, G A Reichard, M A Mozzoli, J Moctezuma, P Paul, C L Skutches, G Boden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Although alcoholism is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of middle-aged Americans, there are no data available pertaining to the consequences of Laennec's cirrhosis on total body energy requirements or mechanisms for maintaining fuel homeostasis in this patient population. Therefore, we simultaneously used the techniques of indirect calorimetry and tracer analyses of [14C]palmitate to measure the nature and quantity of fuels oxidized by patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis and compared the results with values obtained from health volunteers. Cirrhotic patients were studied after an overnight fast (10-12 h). Normal volunteers were studied after an overnight fast (12 h) or after a longer period of starvation (36-72 h). Total basal metabolic requirements were similar in overnight fasted cirrhotic patients (1.05 +/- 0.06 kcal/min per 1.73 m2), overnight fasted normal subjects (1.00 +/- 0.05 kcal/min per 1.73 m2), and 36-72-h fasted normal volunteers (1.10 +/- 0.06 kcal/min per 1.73 m2). Indirect calorimetry revealed that in cirrhotic patients the percentages of total calories derived from fat (69 +/- 3%), carbohydrate (13 +/- 2%), and protein (17 +/- 4%) were comparable to those found in 36-72-h fasted subjects, but were clearly different from those of overnight fasted normal individuals who derived 40 +/- 6, 39 +/- 4, and 21 +/- 2% from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively. These data are strikingly similar to data obtained through tracer analyses of [14C]palmitate, which showed that in overnight fasted patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 63 +/- 4% of their total CO2 production was derived from oxidation of 287 +/- 28 mumol free fatty acids (FFA)/min per 1.73 m2. In contrast, normal overnight fasted humans derived 34 +/- 6% of their total CO2 production from the oxidation of 147 +/- 25 mumol FFA/min per 1.73 m2. On the other hand, values obtained from the normal volunteers fasted 36-72 h were similar to the overnight fasted cirrhotic patients. These results show that after an overnight fast the caloric requirements of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are normal, but the nature of fuels oxidized are similar to normal humans undergoing 2-3 d of total starvation. Thus, patients with alcoholic cirrhosis develop the catabolic state of starvation more rapidly than do normal humans. This disturbed but compensated pattern for maintaining fuel homeostasis may be partly responsible for the cachexia observed in some patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. This study also showed remarkably good agreement between the results obtained with indirect calorimetry and those obtained with 14C tracer analyses.
To Serve the Greatest Number: A History of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound
Authors: Martin R. Lipp
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Prepaid medical care had its start in this country in 1798 when President John Adams signed a law assessing every arriving seaman 20 cents a month to pay for health care for all seamen. In the century that followed, numerous industries adopted similar programs without the aid of governmental direction—mining, railroads, and the like. The first formal physician group practice was inaugurated at the Mayo Clinic in the first years of the 20th century. The first endeavor that combined prepayment with a formal group practice structure, the now defunct Ross-Loos Medical Group, was established in Los Angeles in 1929. The better-known and more successful Kaiser Permanente program traces its roots to 1933 but began serving the general public in 1945. <i>To Serve the Greatest Numbertells</i>the saga of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its founding. The author
Seasonal Distribution Of Respiratory Viruses In Pediatric Asthma In Trinidad West Indies
Authors: J. Matthew, L.M. PintoPereira, T.E. Pappas, C. Swenson, K. Grindle, K. Roberg, R.F. Lemaske, W. Lee, J.E. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE: The seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses associated with pediatric asthma is well documented in temperate climates, but has not received similar attention in the tropics. METHODS: Nasal specimens were collected during the dry (n = 38, January to May) and rainy (n = 112, June to December) seasons from asthmatic children, 2-16 years, who (a) presented to A&E (n = 70) for nebulization or (b) were clinically stable (n = 80) during the previous 3 months. A novel, high-throughput Respiratory MultiCode PCR assay (UW-Madison & EraGen Biosciences, Madison, WI) was used to detect respiratory viruses. RESULTS: Viral prevalence was similar (χ2 = 0.026, p = 0.872) in both the dry (n = 10, 26.3%) and rainy (n = 28, 25.0%) seasons. Coronavirus OC43 or NL63 (n = 2, 5.3%) and human metapneumovirus (n = 1, 2.6%) were detected only in the dry season, whereas RSV B (n = 6, 5.4%), enterovirus (n = 3, 2.7%) and influenza A (n = 2, 1.8%) were exclusive to the rainy season. Parainfluenza virus (PIV 2, Dry, n = 1, 2.6%; PIV1, Rainy, n = 1, 0.9%) and rhinovirus (Dry, n = 6, 15.8%; Rainy, n = 19, 17.0%) were detected throughout the year. All specimens were negative for RSV A, influenza B, coronavirus 229E & SARS, PIV 3 and adenovirus. Prevalence of rhinovirus was not significantly (χ2 = 0.028, p = 0.867) associated with any particular season, but it was the most prevalent virus in both seasons. Rhinovirus demonstrated a significantly higher (χ2 = 7.736, p = 0.005) prevalence in children who needed to be nebulized (n = 18, 25.7%) compared with stable (n = 7, 8.8%) asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS: Rhinovirus is the major viral trigger for pediatric asthma in Trinidad and is not associated with seasonality in this tropical climate.
Fe-nitrilotriacetic acid?binding proteins associated with rat liver plasma membrane
Authors: D Barisani, M Wessling-Resnick
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The uptake of nontransferrin-bound iron by hepatocytes is known to occur and may contribute to the deposition of iron and resulting injury during hemochromatosis. To examine the proteins that may function in the transport of nontransferrin-bound iron, the properties of FeNTA-binding to rat liver basolateral plasma membranes were characterized. The binding of 55FeNTA to purified liver basolateral plasma membranes was measured using a simple centrifugation assay. The binding activity could be solubilized with 0.1% octylglucoside; apparent molecular weight Mapp approximately 210 kd for the binding complex was determined by gel filtration chromatography. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography was used to further purify binding protein(s) from rat liver plasma membranes and at least six polypeptides were identified by silver staining. If associated in a stoichiometric complex, the molecular mass of these proteins would predict a size of approximately 227 kd in fairly close agreement with the gel filtration experiments. The characterization of FeNTA-binding proteins associated with basolateral membranes is the first step towards understanding elements responsible for the uptake of nontransferrin-bound iron by the liver.
Calcium-Dependent Dephosphorylation of the Histone Chaperone DAXX Regulates H3.3 Loading and Transcription upon Neuronal Activation
Authors: David Michod, Stefano Bartesaghi, Amel Khelifi, Cristian Bellodi, Laura Berliocchi, Pierluigi Nicotera, Paolo Salomoni
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Activity-dependent modifications of chromatin are believed to contribute to dramatic changes in neuronal circuitry. The mechanisms underlying these modifications are not fully understood. The histone variant H3.3 is incorporated in a replication-independent manner into different regions of the genome, including gene regulatory elements. It is presently unknown whether H3.3 deposition is involved in neuronal activity-dependent events. Here, we analyze the role of the histone chaperone DAXX in the regulation of H3.3 incorporation at activity-dependent gene loci. DAXX is found to be associated with regulatory regions of selected activity-regulated genes, where it promotes H3.3 loading upon membrane depolarization. DAXX loss not only affects H3.3 deposition but also impairs transcriptional induction of these genes. Calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of DAXX is a key molecular switch controlling its function upon neuronal activation. Overall, these findings implicate the H3.3 chaperone DAXX in the regulation of activity-dependent events, thus revealing a new mechanism underlying epigenetic modifications in neurons.
The Olympics are over. What have we learned about organizing and delivering healthcare?
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

I have just completed my 15th nine-hour shift at the Polyclinic in the London 2012 Olympic Village, and my ‘limpic afterglow’ is still very much ablaze. Amidst the memories of unusual clinical experiences – the diverse cultural presentations of jet-lag; early-morning medicals to certify the world's best boxers ‘fit to fight’; sightings of rare stress fractures seen only in people who subject their bodies to extreme forces; and a couple of life-threatening emergencies – and even more unusual social ones – such as gathering with fellow doctors and waiting patients around a wide-screen television to watch the 100 m final – I am beginning to look back on the Olympic Polyclinic experience as a potential treasure trove of lessons in the organization and delivery of services.
Primary Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: R. H. M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Primary Cerebral Sinus ThrombosisIn view of the interest recently shown in this subject, especially in this Journal (see bibliography), the following non-puerperal case of " primary " cerebral sinus thrombosis seems to merit publication. CASE REPORTThe patient, a single woman aged 30, of asthenic build, was admitted to hospital suffering from restlessness and mental confusion.She had been in bed for 2 to 3 weeks at home with " bronchitis."Whilst in bed she developed left and, subse- quently, right femoral thrombophlebitis.Mental symptoms were present during the last few days.There had been no vomiting and no previous illness.She had recently changed her occupation, and was depressed and "run down" owing to
TCT-821 Stem Cell Mobilization by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Five-year results of the REVIVAL-2 trial
Authors: Ilka Ott, Stefanie Schulz, Salvatore Cassese, Robert Byrne, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ischemic Stroke in an Obese Patient Receiving Dabigatran
Authors: Lorenz Breuer, Jürgen Ringwald, Stefan Schwab, Martin Köhrmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

An obese man (BMI, 44.7) with atrial fibrillation who was receiving dabigatran for thromboprophylaxis presented with an ischemic stroke. Dabigatran levels during observed administration were less than the 25th percentile of the therapeutic trough level.
Progress in Colon Cancer -- Do Molecular Markers Matter?
Authors: Margaret Tempero, James Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

All cancer staging systems seek to identify clinical and pathologic features that can predict outcome (prognosis) or in some cases guide therapy. The theme common to all staging systems for colorectal carcinoma is that the depth of invasion of the bowel wall and the presence or absence of lymph-node involvement are powerful predictors of whether or not the cancer will recur. Other prognostic features, such as sex, tumor site within the colon, tumor grade, and the degree of local invasion, perforation, or obstruction,1 which may not appear in pathologic staging systems, are often used as stratification factors in the design . . .
Sudden Deaths in Infants Born to Methadone-Maintained Addicts
Authors: Paul S. Pierson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two confirmed and one possible case of sudden and unexpected death in infants less than 3 months of age occurred in a group of 14 infants of mothers who received methadone for opiate addiction during part of their pregnancy. In view of the increasing use of methadone to treat opiate addiction and the resulting increasing number of infants who will be at risk, this high incidence of the "sudden infant death syndrome" in this particular population cannot be ignored even though it may be fortuitous.
William Atchison Boyd
Authors: R. Logan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

William Atchison Boyd (“Bill”) was the son of two school principals. Throughout his early years he was thus more than encouraged to advance his knowledge in the wider aspects of literature and science. He therefore sailed through Foyle College, Londonderry, and in 1941, at the age of 17 commenced his medical studies. However, Bill had a great yearning to become a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF). At the end of his first year at Queen’s he joined up to find himself a trainee in Southern Rhodesia in 1943. Two …
Reply to Kamran Zargar-Shoshtari, Pranav Sharma and Philippe E. Spiess’ Letter to the Editor re: Oliver W. Hakenberg, Eva M. Compérat, Suks Minhas, Andrea Necchi, Chris Protzel, Nick Watkin. EAU Guidelines on Penile Cancer: 2014 Update. Eur Urol 2015;67:142–50
Authors: Oliver W. Hakenberg, Chris Protzel
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Failure of pindolol and metoprolol to reduce the size of non-reperfused infarcts in dogs using area at risk techniques
Authors: R. LANGE, M. S NIEMINEN, R. A KLONER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Failure of pindolol and metoprolol to reduce the size of non-reperfused infarcts in dogs using area at risk techniques Get access RÜDIGER LANGE, RÜDIGER LANGE * From the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA *Dr Lange is a recipient of a Research Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARKKU S NIEMINEN, MARKKU S NIEMINEN † From the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA *Dr Lange is a recipient of a Research Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT A KLONER ROBERT A KLONER ‡ From the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA *Dr Lange is a recipient of a Research Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 1984, Pages 37–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.1.37 Published: 01 January 1984
Targeting aberrant colon cancer-specific DNA methylation with lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Yaíma L. Lightfoot, Tao Yang, Bikash Sahay, Mansour Mohamadzadeh
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Pathogenic autoinflammatory responses triggered by dysregulated microbial interactions may lead to intestinal disorders and malignancies. Previously, we demonstrated that a lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus strain, NCK2025, ameliorated inflammation-induced colitis, significantly reduced the number of polyps in a colonic polyposis cancer model and restored physiological homeostasis in both cases. Nonetheless, the regulatory signals delivered by NCK2025 to reprogram the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and thus resist colonic cancer progression, remain unknown. Accumulating evidence suggest that epigenetic changes, in the presence and absence of pathogenic inflammation, can result in colorectal cancer (CRC). To test possible epigenetic modifications induced by NCK2025, the expression of epigenetically regulated, CRC-associated genes was measured with and without bacterial treatment. In vivo and in vitro, NCK2025 enhanced the expression of tumor suppressor genes that may regulate CRC development. Therefore, differential epigenetic regulation of CRC-related genes by NCK2025 represents a potential therapy against colitis-associated and sporadic CRC.
A piece of my mind. First day
Authors: R. E. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

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429 Multicenter study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in France: Geographic distribution, correlation with HBEAG-positive status and relation to liver fibrosis
Authors: P. Halfon, M. Bourliere, S. Pol, D. Ouzan, M.H. Tainturier, C. Renou, M. Rotily, D. Saadoun, H. Khiri, T. Poynard, V. Thibault, Y. Benhamou, P. Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH CIMETIDINE IN DUODENAL ULCERATION
Authors: K.D. Bardhan, A. Blum, G. Gillespie, W. Larkworthy, R. Mekel, M. Moshal, P.M. Smith, C.W. Venables, J.H.M. Van Tongeren, A. Walan
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Epochs in the History of the Worcester District Medical Society
Authors: Roy J. Ward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

WE ARE now living in an age of science. Of all the sciences none have affected the welfare and happiness of the ordinary man more than has the science of medicine.At the time of the founding of the Worcester District Medical Society, whose one hundred and fiftieth birthday is being celebrated tonight, medicine was just beginning to feel its growing pains. For years, prior to 1794, periodic epidemics of smallpox, diphtheria, typhoid fever, cholera and yellow fever had swept over Europe and America, threatening the lives of everyone. Today, we no longer wilt before the ravages of such epidemics. . . .
Medical staffing: Juniors take on specialist duties
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Increasing numbers of doctors without relevant specialist qualifications or expertise are being asked to act as unsupervised specialist registrars and consultants, the Audit Commission's report on medical staffing shows.

The number of non-consultant career grade (NCCG) doctors employed in acute trusts in England and Wales has increased fourfold in the 10 years to 2001, a period when the …
The Transseptal Conduction Time in the Human Heart
Authors: ARNOLD M. KATZ, ALFRED PICK
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Four unusual cases of bundle-branch block with a parasystolic rhythm originating in the blocked ventricle are described. Varying interference of natural and parasystolic impulses permits calculation of the transseptal conduction time in man by two independent methods. The physiologic basis of each method is discussed and its validity confirmed by application to data from animal experiments available in the literature. The normal transseptal conduction time in the human heart is estimated to be 0.06 to 0.07 second in both directions. This is about twice as long as in the dog. Under pathologic conditions, it may lengthen to at least 0.115 second. A functionally "complete" bundle-branch block can result from a delay in impulse transmission down one of the bundle branches greater than the transseptal conduction time, and need not be due to total anatomic interruption of one bundle branch.
Learning Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Theodore G. Ganiats
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>Learning Clinical Reasoning</i>... even the title seems different. The book is unlike any of the standard texts on decision making. It starts with 10 short chapters on the key processes of clinical reasoning. The bulk of the book follows, consisting of clinical examples demonstrating these processes. Given the authors' specialty, it is not surprising that the cases concentrate in internal medicine, but the processes described are universal and therefore useful for all clinicians. The clinical examples are not the standard case report nor are they presented in the typical clinical-pathological conference format. Instead Drs Kassirer and Kopelman present the first few sentences of the case history followed by an "expert's" response. More of the case is presented, and again the expert responds. As the case unfolds, the expert modifies his or her comments. At the end of each case, the authors present their views on the clinical reasoning process, and
Causation of Type 2 Diabetes — The Gordian Knot Unravels
Authors: Roy Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Type 2 diabetes has always been a snake in the grass, sneaking up on both those with the disease and their physicians. To whit, the term "mild diabetes" persists, even though the disease is a leading cause of premature death from cardiovascular causes, amputations, and blindness. Life expectancy is considerably worse after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes than after the diagnosis of some types of cancer. Moreover, the incidence of this condition is currently increasing so rapidly that it has been referred to as a pandemic. Basic concepts of the causation of type 2 diabetes have changed little for . . .
Propiomazine Hydrochloride in Obstetrical Analgesia
Authors: Charles E. Powe
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This controlled, double-blind clinical trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of meperidine alone and meperidine combined with either promethazine or propiomazine in obstetrical analgesia. A statistical method for randomization was used to divide 520 women in labor into 3 treatment groups. Neither the patient nor the examining physician knew which of the 3 drug combinations was being given. It was found that the use of either promethazine or propiomazine in conjunction with meperidine contributed to a calmer, more comfortable labor and a more easily managed patient. No statistically significant difference was found, however, between the effects of these 2 tranquilizers. There was no evidence that either compound potentiated the analgesic effect of meperidine.
Malpractice Suit Emotional Trauma
Authors: Bruce Wenokur
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We recently conducted a random mail survey of Michigan State Medical Society members to gauge the emotional impact of malpractice suits. A total of 2210 questionnaires were sent statewide. Data were analyzed from 746 fully completed forms, giving a response rate of 33.8%. Of the respondents, 64.5% had experienced at least one lawsuit; 11.1% of physicians who had been sued admitted to increased alcohol use or self-medication with narcotics, anxiolytics, or antidepressants. A majority of the physicians who had experienced malpractice action (54%) indicated that their ability to care for patients had been significantly altered as a result of being sued. While 31.4% felt a sense of relief talking about their experiences related to malpractice action, only 6.8% admitted to seeing a mental health professional as a result of malpractice-related emotional trauma. Emotional trauma resulting from malpractice suits is now an epidemic with adverse consequences for both