tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Experimental Anaphylactic Ulcer by Antigen Prefeeding
Authors: F. Andre, C. Andre, S. Fournier
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Studies were performed in animals to establish whether antigen prefeeding could present homocytotropic antibody synthesis and the induction of gastric ulcer resulting from mucosal anaphylaxis. A single digestive exposure to 1 or 10 mg ovalbumin induced a state of specific immunologic tolerance. Inhibition of the formation of specific reagins was shown by the study of mast cell degranulation. Tolerant animals presented a reduced incidence of gastric ulcer after subsequent mucosal challenge. These results are important for the development of methods of prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging: Theory, Instrumentation and Applications
Authors: Janaka Senarathna, Abhishek Rege, Nan Li, Nitish V. Thakor
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2013)

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a wide field of view, non scanning optical technique for observing blood flow. Speckles are produced when coherent light scattered back from biological tissue is diffracted through the limiting aperture of focusing optics. Mobile scatterers cause the speckle pattern to blur; a model can be constructed by inversely relating the degree of blur, termed speckle contrast to the scatterer speed. In tissue, red blood cells are the main source of moving scatterers. Therefore, blood flow acts as a virtual contrast agent, outlining blood vessels. The spatial resolution (~10 μm) and temporal resolution (10 ms to 10 s) of LSCI can be tailored to the application. Restricted by the penetration depth of light, LSCI can only visualize superficial blood flow. Additionally, due to its non scanning nature, LSCI is unable to provide depth resolved images. The simple setup and non-dependence on exogenous contrast agents have made LSCI a popular tool for studying vascular structure and blood flow dynamics. We discuss the theory and practice of LSCI and critically analyze its merit in major areas of application such as retinal imaging, imaging of skin perfusion as well as imaging of neurophysiology.
Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and PEG–lipid conjugates modify DNA delivery mediated by 1,4-dihydropyridine amphiphiles
Authors: Zanna Hyvönen, Seppo Rönkkö, Marjo-Riitta Toppinen, Ilpo Jääskeläinen, Aiva Plotniece, Arto Urtti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Effects of a Phenolic Ether, Su-13437, on Serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Transaminase Levels of Human Subjects
Authors: CHARLES H. DUNCAN, MAURICE M. BEST
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The hypolipidemic activity of the phenolic ether, 2-methyl-2-[p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-phenoxy]-propionic acid (Su-13437, Ciba) has been studied in 10 hypercholesterolemic patients. The patients were studied at 3-week intervals during 30 weeks of placebo administration and a 30-week period of treatment with Su-13437, 400 mg daily. Individual mean serum total cholesterol during administration of placebo ranged from 255 to 609 mg/100 ml and during treatment from 187 to 493, the mean reduction being 22%. Five of the subjects were also hypertriglyceridemic, with individual mean levels of triglycerides during placebo periods ranging from 159 to 1247 mg/100 ml. During treatment with Su-13437 mean triglyceride levels of these five patients ranged from 81 to 314 mg/100 ml, a mean reduction of 51%. The drug was well tolerated and its only effect on the hematologic and biochemical tests for possible toxicity was an increase in SGOT and SGPT levels in two patients, the levels being maximal between the sixth and ninth weeks of drug administration and returning later toward pretreatment values despite continuation of Su-13437.
On the Diagnosis between Hernia and Enlarged Inguinal Lymphatic Glands
Authors: J. W. Ogle
Journal: BMJ (1867)

spasms of individual muscles.In tremor and Para- lysis agitans, there are synclonic spasms (Mason Good) of many mruscles.Catalepsy is marked by in- creased tonicitY of antagonistic muscles.And teta- nus is marked by still greater tonicity of non-anta-
Differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn’s disease: false dawn for CD44
Authors: J SPENCER
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 375 

It is unusual for a manuscript with negative conclusions to be highlighted in a commentary. However, the study by Reinisch et al (see page 375) is the latest of a number of reports to comment on the ability of an immunohistochemical stain for CD44 variant expression to discriminate between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. It is a thorough study which puts earlier work into perspective, and as such is of considerable value.

The subject of Reinisch et al ’s study is epithelial expression of CD44, a receptor for matrix components including hyaluronic acid, which exists in multiple isoforms generated by exon splicing.1  2 The tissue distribution of CD44 isoforms in normal and malignant tissues was first described in 1994 by Fox et al who observed weak expression of CD44v3 and CD44v6 isoforms on crypt epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract.3 Subsequently, Rosenberg et al ,4 using archival paraffin wax embedded specimens and a microwave system to reveal the epitopes recognised by the antibodies, observed a noticeable increase in the expression of CD44v3 and CD44v6 on …
THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF PTERYGIA.
Authors: JOHN O. McREYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Before proceeding to a discussion of the treatment of pterygium it would be well to consider the nature of the growth and the circumstances under which it develops. So eminent an authority as Prof. Fuchs speaks of pterygium as a growth peculiar to those past middle life, and while this may be true of Vienna and the country surrounding that city, it certainly is not true of the southwestern part of the United States, where I have been practicing ophthalmology for a number of years. In this region, where we have the combination of summer heat from April to November, with a dry atmosphere agitated by high winds and impregnated with alkaline dust, we will find the ideal conditions for the development of pterygia. Consequently, it is not at all infrequent to see boys in that country afflicted with pterygia of small size, while among those who are older we
Effect of stool size and consistency on defecation.
Authors: J J Bannister, P Davison, J M Timms, C Gibbons, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1987)

The ability of subjects to expel from the rectum objects simulating stools of different characteristics was assessed in paired studies carried out in a total of 58 normal subjects and 25 young women with severe constipation. Our results showed that a lower percentage of normal subjects and a lower percentage of constipated patients were able to pass a 1.8 cm incompressible sphere compared with a 50 ml deformable balloon, although constipated patients found it more difficult than normal subjects to expel both types of simulated stool. It was also more difficult for normal subjects to pass a soft compressible silicon rubber simulated stool than a stool made up of a similar volume of incompressible 1 cm wooden spheres contained in a cylindrical latex envelope, but both objects were much easier to pass than the same number of 1 cm spheres placed loose within the rectum. When normal subjects were instructed to expel single incompressible spheres of different sizes placed in the rectal ampulla, the intrarectal pressure and the time needed to pass these objects varied inversely with their diameter. These results suggest that more effort is required to expel stools from the rectum if they are small and hard than if they are large and soft.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF NZB/BL MICE
Authors: Robert C. Mellors, Chen Ya Huang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

A filtrable agent separable from transplantable malignant lymphomas of NZB/Bl mice was capable, upon inoculation into preweanling NZB/Bl mice, of inducing lymphoid cell hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and pathological changes (focal membranous glomerulonephritis) of kidneys—renal functional and structural changes qualitatively similar to those of spontaneous occurrence in older NZB/Bl mice. Viruslike particles with close resemblance to the typical "C" type murine oncogenic virus particles were identified by means of electron microscopy in NZB/Bl mouse tissues and cells, including malignant lymphoma cells, benign lymphoid cells of thymus and spleen, epithelial cells of renal tubules, and extracellular sites. The relevance of these observations, the first of their kind dealing with NZB/Bl mice, is discussed in relation to the several immunopathological disorders which characterize this strain of mice.
Brain Barrier Systems
Authors: Martin R. Krigman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

ABSTRACT This latest addition to a series devoted to specialized topics in brain research covers the so-called blood-brain barrier. Since the book is the result of an international conference on the blood-brain barrier, it is not a unified text but a series of related papers.Brain Barrier Systems succeeds in presenting the current developments in this rapidly expanding area of investigation. As the title indicates, there are many systems and factors involved in the complex relations between the central nervous system and its milieu. A problem inherent in this expanding knowledge is that we are adding to—rather than reducing—the complexities. This does not detract from the book but reinforces the need for the multiple-disciplinary approach.The editors have grouped the 35 papers into six sections: Structural Considerations; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Substrates for Brain Metabolism; Ion Movements; Factors Influencing Barrier Function; and Spaces in the Central Nervous System. Each of these topics includes
Cumulative Meta-analyses and the Problem of Multiple Drug Effects
Authors: Steven Borzak
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Antman et al 1 have observed that expert recommendations often lag behind pooled results of clinical trials. Using therapies for acute myocardial infarction as a model, they demonstrated that cumulative meta-analyses can allow more rapid clarification of the effectiveness of individual interventions.  This innovative and promising method should be used to enhance our understanding of clinical trials, but it is not yet clear that these analyses should rapidly lead to standard textbook recommendations. For example, a textbook chapter on therapy of myocardial infarction must consider the combinations of drugs to be used, yet there is a paucity of data in this area. Meta-analyses demonstrating the benefit of six separate therapies in acute myocardial infarction do not address the effects of combinations of these same treatments. The fact that meta-analyses showed in 1976 that aspirin reduced mortality after myocardial infarction and in 1990 that warfarin did the same
Type 2 Diabetes in the Young
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

1.  The aims of the consensus meeting were to review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and implications of the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young people and to suggest means by which the continuing rise in incidence and prevalence might be prevented.

2.  The overall global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising steadily. Previously, type 2 diabetes was predominantly a disease of middle-aged and older people. In recent decades, the age of onset has decreased and type 2 diabetes has been reported in adolescents and children worldwide, particularly in high-prevalence populations. Japan has seen an approximate fourfold rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in 6- to 15-year-olds, and between 8 and 45% of newly presenting children and adolescents in the U.S. have type 2 diabetes. The problem is particularly noticeable in indigenous peoples. Population-based data, however, are sparse and indeed absent in most countries.

3.  Additional cardiovascular risk factors are often associated with type 2 diabetes in the young, and microangiopathy is as common or commoner in those developing type 2 diabetes at a young age as in those with type 1 diabetes. This has profound societal implications.

4.  Diagnostic separation of type 2 from other types of diabetes in young people can be difficult, and sophisticated testing may be necessary.

5.  Data on the pathophysiology in the young are sparse, but there is no evidence to suggest differences from adults. The incidence of type 2 in the young is rising in parallel with the incidence of overweight and obesity, suggesting a possible causal relationship, particularly when the obesity is central and in relation to decreased physical activity. Other factors include family history, gestational diabetes in the mother, and low birth weight. All of these are associated with insulin resistance, although decreased insulin secretion is also required.

6.  Mass screening for type …
Thrombophlebitis as a Complication of Severe Catatonia
Authors: Richard J. Sukov
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  During 1971, 172 women were admitted to one division of St. Elizabeth's Hospital. Four were considered to be suffering from schizophrenia, catatonic type, withdrawn. In two of these women the condition was severe enough to require gavage feeding. Both patients developed thrombophlebitis; one case was probably complicated by a pulmonary embolus. Neither thrombophlebitis nor pulmonary embolization were reported in any of the 168 patients with other forms of mental illness.  This was the first admission to St. Elizabeth's Hospital for both women, aged 31 and 58. Neither was pregnant, receiving oral contraceptives, post surgical, had a history of thrombophlebitis or varicosities, nor was there evidence of neoplasm, infection, or other recognized causes of thrombophlebitis.1  It is my impression that the following sequence of events probably contributed to the phlebitis. Both patients were without any oral intake for at least 24 hours prior to their first gavage
Blunted Cardiomyocyte Remodeling Response in Exercise-Resistant Rats
Authors: Ulrik Wisløff, Anja Bye, Tomas Stølen, Ole Johan Kemi, Geoffrey E. Pollott, Manjusha Pande, Richard C. McEachin, Steven L. Britton, Lauren Gerard Koch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Pathological observations of intrahepatic peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers. III. Survey of necroinflammation and cystic dilatation
Authors: Tadashi Terada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Pathological changes and significance of intrahepatic peribiliary glands, hitherto poorly recognized intrahepatic elements, have been evaluated in our laboratory. In this report, we surveyed necroinflammatory and cystic changes of the peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers because these two changes coexisted frequently in the same liver. The necroinflammatory change was found in 228 livers (22.8%) and the cystic change in 202 livers (20.2%), and 103 cases showed both changes in the same liver. The necroinflammatory change was frequently found in intrahepatic cholangitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction with bacterial infection, suggesting that biliary bacterial inflammation extends into these peribilary glands. This change was also frequent in systemic infection or septicemia without biliary bacterial infection, implying that the peribiliary glands were also damaged in such conditions without direct infection. The cystic change was frequent in livers with portal hypertension or obstruction, adult polycystic disease and necroinflammation of the glands, suggesting that the cystic change of the glands could occur as the result of the disturbance of intrahepatic circulation or as the result of inflammatory destruction of the glandular conduits. Some of peribiliary cysts may be of congenital origin. Dysfunction related to these pathological changes in the glands may diminish seromucous secretion and cause alterations in hepatic bile composition. The cystic change of the glands may retard bile flow by compressing bile duct lumina.
Ribozyme-Mediated Induction of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Targeted Repair of Mutant p53 RNA
Authors: Kyung-Sook Shin, Bruce A. Sullenger, Seong-Wook Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

A variety of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been found in over half of human tumors. Thus, restoration of wild-type p53 activity by repair of mutant RNA has been previously suggested as an approach to cancer treatment. To explore the potential utility of RNA repair for cancer therapy, we developed a group I intron-based ribozyme that can replace mutant p53 RNA with a wild-type RNA sequence attached to the 3' end of the ribozyme by trans-splicing reaction. First, RNA mapping analysis demonstrated that the leader sequences upstream of the AUG start codon in the mutant p53 RNA appeared to be particularly accessible to the ribozymes. Then, the trans-splicing ribozyme specifically recognizing the most accessible sequence induced functional p53 activity, resulting in an 8- and a 2.6-fold induction of transactivation of p53-responsive promoters in two mutant p53-related ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 cells and 2774 cells, respectively, by repairing defective p53 RNA. The repair efficiency of the mutant p53 RNA was almost 10% in 2774 cells. Moreover, the ribozyme activated the expression level of endogenous p21 and Bax genes in the cells. Furthermore, apoptosis was efficiently triggered in the human cancer cells transfected with the specific ribozyme. These results suggest that a trans-splicing ribozyme could be a potent anti-cancer agent that can revert the defective p53-related neoplastic phenotype.
Vitamin E and C Supplements and Risk of Dementia
Authors: D. Laurin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Murine Airway Luminal Antituberculosis Memory CD8 T Cells by Mucosal Immunization Are Maintained Via Antigen-Driven <i>In Situ</i> Proliferation, Independent of Peripheral T Cell Recruitment
Authors: Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Jingyu Mu, Sarah McCormick, Daniela Damjanovic, Cherrie-Lee Small, Christopher R. Shaler, Kapilan Kugathasan, Zhou Xing
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The airway luminal memory CD8 T cells induced by respiratory mucosal immunization in a murine model have been found to be critical to antituberculosis immunity. However, the mechanisms of their maintenance on airway mucosal surface still remain poorly understood.Using a model of adenovirus-based intranasal immunization we investigated the immune property and the mechanisms of maintenance of airway luminal CD8 T cells.Immune properties of airway luminal Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific CD8 T cells were examined. Proliferation of airway luminal CD8 T cells was determined by in vivo T cell-labeling techniques. The role of peripheral T cell recruitment in maintaining airway luminal CD8 T cells was investigated by blocking lymphocyte trafficking from lymphoid and peripheral tissues. The requirement of M. tuberculosis antigens for in situ T cell proliferation was evaluated using a T cell transfer approach. An airway M. tuberculosis challenge model was used to study the relationship between CD8 T cell-mediated protection and peripheral T cell recruitment.Intranasal immunization leads to elicitation of persisting M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the airway lumen, which display an activated effector memory phenotype different from those in peripheral tissues. Airway luminal T cells continuously proliferate in an antigen-dependent manner, and can be maintained even in the absence of peripheral T cell recruitment. The lungs equipped with such CD8 T cells are protected from airway M. tuberculosis challenge independent of both peripheral T cell supply and CD4 T cells.Vaccine-inducible airway luminal antituberculosis memory CD8 T cells are self-renewable in an antigen-dependent manner, and can be maintained independent of peripheral T cell supply.
The Fever Trail: In Search of the Cure for Malaria
Authors: Robert J. T. Joy
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Listeners' perceptual mapping of locus equations and variability
Authors: Krishna Govindarajan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Although an individual speaker's productions obey locus equations, whether listeners' perceptions are based on them needs further exploration. Comparing the results from the perceptual experiments to predicted identifications, one sees qualitative similarities and some discrepancies. However, the variability of locus equations and individual consonant-vowel (CV) tokens across speakers seems problematic if listeners are using locus equations for perception.
Medical Care in Australia
Authors: R. J. Knight
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Health Centres-Gibson MEDICALJSOURNAL authority clinics and others to health centre clinics for cervical cytology?Should ambulance and British Red Cross services be drawn into health centres or separated from them?One could go on.Central direction is overdue.A waste of money and manpower is bad enough, dividing the patients' total care is worse.So far I may have seemed to be guilty of emphasizing the mistakes and deficiencies of the health centres I have visited.This was not my intention; local authorities and family doctors initiating these centres have done so with the best of intentions and with all the available knowledge at their dis- posal.No one can work to a central plan, because one does not exist.Some centres are deficient in some aspects of care and strong in others.Facilities are available in some and