tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic stellate cells express functional CXCR4: Role in stromal cell-derived factor-1α-mediated stellate cell activation
Authors: Feng Hong, Ana Tuyama, Ting Fang Lee, Johnny Loke, Ritu Agarwal, Xin Cheng, Anita Garg, M. Isabel Fiel, Myron Schwartz, Jose Walewski, Andrea Branch, Alison D. Schecter, Meena B. Bansal
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Chemokine interactions with their receptors have been implicated in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. The hepatic expression of CXCR4 messenger RNA is increased in hepatitis C cirrhotic livers and plasma levels of its endogenous ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), correlate with increased fibrosis in these patients. The expression of CXCR4 by HSCs has not been reported. We therefore examined whether HSCs express CXCR4 in vivo and in vitro and explored whether SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 receptor engagement promotes HSC activation, fibrogenesis, and proliferation. The hepatic protein expression of both CXCR4 and SDF-1alpha is increased in hepatitis C cirrhotic livers and immunoflourescent and immunohistochemical staining confirms that HSCs express CXCR4 in vivo. Immortalized human stellate cells as well as primary human HSCs express CXCR4, and cell surface receptor expression increases with progressive culture-induced activation. Treatment of stellate cells with recombinant SDF-1alpha increases expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and stimulates a dose-dependent increase in HSC proliferation. Inhibitor studies suggest that SDF-1alpha/CXCR4-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt phosphorylation mediate effects on collagen I expression and stellate cell proliferation.HSCs express CXCR4 receptor in vivo and in vitro. CXCR4 receptor activation by SDF-1alpha is profibrogenic through its effects on HSC activation, fibrogenesis, and proliferation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediate SDF-1alpha-induced effects on HSC expression of collagen I and proliferation. The availability of small molecule inhibitors of CXCR4 make this receptor an appealing target for antifibrotic approaches.
An inverted hyperplastic polyp with a characteristic colonoscopic appearance
Authors: K.-I. Fu, T. Matsuda, Y. Saito, Y. Mashimo, S. Nonaka, T. Fujimori
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 65-year-old man was referred to our department for polypectomy. A polyp, 20 mm in diameter, was found in the ascending colon on colonoscopy (Figure [1 ] a). The polyp surface was covered by characteristic multiple dimples, long thin vessels, and mucus. Chromoendoscopy with 0.4 % indigo carmine enhanced the appearance of the polyp surface dimples, and subsequent magnification revealed a type II pit pattern according to Kudo’s criteria, leading us to a diagnosis of a large hyperplastic polyp (Figure [1 ] b). Most hyperplastic polyps do not show multiple dimples over their entire surface, and so an unusual histological diagnosis, such as inversion, was suspected before removal of the polyp. Endoscopic mucosal resection using an inject and cut technique was performed, and the polyp was resected en bloc. Histologically, it was indeed found to be an inverted hyperplastic polyp (Figure [2]).
Children of War and Opportunities for Peace
Authors: Robert J. Ursano, Jon A. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: BERNARD GUMBINER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

It has been stated that more than one third of all deaths of infants occur during the first two weeks of life.1Asphyxia and atelectasis are listed second only to prematurity as the cause of death in the neonatal period.1Few symptoms are the source of more concern to the pediatrician than dyspnea and cyanosis in the newborn infant. In many instances, although definite abnormal physical signs in the heart and lungs are not elicited, a diagnosis of congenital atelectasis is made. In some cases the symptoms become progressive and lead to death despite therapeutic measures such as clearing of the air passages, administration of oxygen, stimulation and blood transfusions. Many physicians when confronted with dyspnea and cyanosis in the newborn have had a feeling of inadequacy from the aspect both of accurate diagnosis and of adequate treatment.  This sense of inadequacy can be relieved in part by recognizing
Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Infections
Authors: THOMAS F. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorial Notes1 May 1978Rapid Diagnosis of Viral InfectionsTHOMAS F. SMITH, PH.D.THOMAS F. SMITH, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-708 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough many viruses such as herpes simplex, influenza, and most of the enteroviruses can be identified in cell cultures within 24 to 72 h after inoculation, more rapid diagnostic methods are gaining practical acceptance in virology laboratories. In this context, "rapid" connotes that the antigen of the causal virus should be identified in secretions, exudates and body fluids, biopsy specimens, or skin scrapings within 3 to 4 h after collection. A recently published WHO memorandum (1) provides valuable descriptions, guidelines, and recommendations for the use of the immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests. Other rapid tests are also available and merit mention...References1. ATANASIU P: Laboratory techniques for rapid diagnosis of viral infections: a memorandum. Bull WHO 55:33-37, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. WHITLEY R, SOONG S, DOLIN R, GALASSO G, CH'IEN L, and ALFORD C: Adenine arabinoside therapy of biopsy-proved herpes simplex encephalitis. N Engl J Med 297:289-294, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PAVAN-LANGSTON D and DOHLMAN C: A double blind clinical study of adenine arabinoside therapy of viral keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 74:81-88, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WHITLEY R, CH'IEN L, DOLIN R, GALASSO G, and ALFORD C: Adenine arabinoside therapy of herpes zoster in the immunosuppressed. N Engl J Med 294:1193-1199, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BENJAMIN D and RAY C: Use of immunoperoxidase on brain tissue for the rapid diagnosis of herpes encephalitis. Am J Clin Pathol 64:472-476, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THOMAS F. SMITH, PH.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection in the Compromised Host 1 May 1978Volume 88, Issue 5 Page: 708-709 Keywords Antigens Biopsy Body fluids Cell cultures Herpes simplex Immunofluorescence Inoculation Virology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Blood Flow in the Human Calf during Tobacco Smoking
Authors: JAY D. COFFMAN, STANLEY L. JAVETT
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Blood flow in the human calf during cigarette smoking was measured by two methods. One technic, the disappearance rate of a radioisotope injected into a muscle, was used to indicate muscle capillary blood flow, while the other method, plethysmography, was used to measure the total blood flow of the calf including both skin and muscle. The smoking of 2 unfiltered, regular-size cigarettes produced a significant increase in muscle capillary blood flow in 14 of 17 normal subjects while plethysmographic blood flow changes were variable and not significant. Tests were performed to demonstrate that the increased muscle blood flow was not secondary to inhalation, that it was reproducible, and that the sympathetic nervous system probably was not involved. Intravenous nicotine produced significant increases in both muscle capillary and total calf blood flow. Patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans showed no change in muscle capillary blood flow during smoking.
Immunological responsiveness of neonatal A/J mice to isotypic determinants of syngeneic IgE.
Authors: S Haba, A Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We have previously shown that adult A/J mice produce high titers of anti-IgE with isotypic or idiotypic specificities in response to challenge with a conjugate of KLH with syngeneic monoclonal IgE. Thus, B cells that can synthesize anti-IgE are present in the mice. Adult mice are unresponsive to unconjugated IgE in CFA, suggesting that tolerance exists at the level of T cells. The present study shows that neonatal mice produce anti-IgE antibodies in response to unconjugated IgE in CFA, but that this capacity is lost after the age of 2-3 wk. The loss of responsiveness corresponds closely with the appearance of detectable IgE in serum, suggesting that the IgE may induce tolerance. The affinities of anti-IgE antibodies produced by neonatal mice fall in the range of values obtained with KLH-IgE in adult mice. Tolerance to unconjugated IgE in CFA can be induced in neonatal mice by administration of IgE in saline. In addition, the tolerant state can be induced by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from adult mice. The time-dependent acquisition of tolerance provides a useful model for studying mechanisms of tolerance and autoimmunity.
Cost-effectiveness of an injury prevention program in dutch male amateur soccer
Authors: A van Beijsterveldt, M Krist, I van de Port, F Backx
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Approximately 16% of all sports injuries in the Netherlands are the result of playing outdoor soccer. Objective The aim of this intervention study is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of an injury prevention program (‘The11’ from FIFA) in male amateur soccer players. The hypothesis is that the ‘The11’ exercises have a beneficial effect on injury incidence, injury severity, medical costs and/or absenteeism. Design The study is a two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial. Randomisation has taken place on a cluster level: the regional competitions. Setting First class amateur teams, in two separated districts in the Netherlands, participate in this study. All participating teams have practice sessions 2–3 times a week. Participants Male players aged 18–40 years were eligible for inclusion in the study. 22 teams participated in this study, resulting in 460 players performing an intake at the start of the intervention season (intervention group 214 players, control group 246 players). Intervention The teams in the intervention group were instructed to perform ‘The11’, during each practice session throughout the 2009–2010 season (September–June). All teams of the control group were asked to continue their practice sessions as usual. Main outcome measurements The primary outcomes of the study include injury incidence, healthcare use and absenteeism. These outcomes were registered online during the competitive season 2009–2010. Results Preliminary results show that the proportion of injured players was almost equal for both groups (58.9% vs 57.7%). The injury risk for both research groups was the same (0.92). The sports absenteeism was on average 1 day longer in the intervention group (30.3 vs 29.3 days). Conclusions First impression is that there are no significant differences between the two research groups. However, more extensive results of this study, particularly focused on possible confounders and cost-effectiveness, are expected in January 2011 and can be presented in Monaco.
Paradoxical Dependencies of Tumor Dormancy and Progression on Basic Cell Kinetics
Authors: Heiko Enderling, Alexander R.A. Anderson, Mark A.J. Chaplain, Afshin Beheshti, Lynn Hlatky, Philip Hahnfeldt
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Even after a tumor is established, it can early on enter a state of dormancy marked by balanced cell proliferation and cell death. Disturbances to this equilibrium may affect cancer risk, as they may cause the eventual lifetime clinical presentation of a tumor that might otherwise have remained asymptomatic. Previously, we showed that cell death, proliferation, and migration can play a role in shifting this dynamic, making the understanding of their combined influence on tumor development essential. We developed an individual cell-based computer model of the interaction of cancer stem cells and their nonstem progeny to study early tumor dynamics. Simulations of tumor growth show that three basic components of tumor growth--cell proliferation, migration, and death--combine in unexpected ways to control tumor progression and, thus, clinical cancer risk. We show that increased proliferation capacity in nonstem tumor cells and limited cell migration overall lead to space constraints that inhibit proliferation and tumor growth. By contrast, increasing the rate of cell death produces the expected tumor size reduction in the short term, but results ultimately in paradoxical accelerated long-term growth owing to the liberation of cancer stem cells and formation of self-metastases.
A reorganised medical division.
Authors: J H Friend
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the routine measurement of serum electrolyte concentrations. In conclusion, talking to patients during this study has taught me how much they appreciate a doctor who has taken a real interest in them as human beings, and who has been prepared to inform, explain, and answer any questions they might have. A patient summed this up by describing her feelings about one member of staff: Mr X will talk to you. He doesn't make you feel that you're just another piece of furniture, he makes you feel you're an individual. I'd like to think that all doctors could be like that.
Inhibition of Growth of Human Osteosarcomas by Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Authors: J. Pinski, A. V. Schally, K. Groot, G. Halmos, K. Szepeshazi, M. Zarandi, P. Armatis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Inhibition of Growth of Human Osteosarcomas by Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Get access Jacek Pinski, Jacek Pinski Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew V. Schally, Andrew V. Schally Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Correspondence to : Andrew V. Schally, Ph.D., M.D.h.c, VA Medical Center, 1601 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70146. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kate Groot, Kate Groot Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gabor Halmos, Gabor Halmos Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karoly Szepeshazi, Karoly Szepeshazi Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marta Zarandi, Marta Zarandi Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Armatis Patricia Armatis Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Section of Experimental Medicine, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 23, 6 December 1995, Pages 1787–1794, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.23.1787 Published: 06 December 1995 Article history Received: 15 February 1995 Revision received: 11 September 1995 Accepted: 14 September 1995 Published: 06 December 1995
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTION AND PREVENTION OF DIETARY HEPATIC INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Paul György, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The present report on experimental hepatic injury is based on observations amassed during the last 9 years, comprising 1922 rats. It has been shown that there are several dietary factors which may intervene, singly or in combination, in the development of massive or zonal hepatic necrosis. Deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids is only one of them. From the present studies, tocopherol emerges as an additional protective dietary factor. With regard to the development of massive hepatic necrosis tocopherol may compensate for the absence of sulfur-containing amino acids (cystine, methionine) and vice versa. As a further factor, the quality of dietary fat should be taken into consideration. Fats, like lard and cod liver oil, with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids enhance, whereas fats low in unsaturated fatty acids, such as crisco and butter, retard or prevent the development of massive hepatic necrosis. It is questionable whether with all these dietary factors the etiology of massive hepatic necrosis is completely defined. The interchangeability of sulfur-containing amino acids (cystine, methionine) and vitamin E as leading etiologic factors makes it difficult to accept pure deficiency as the basis of massive hepatic necrosis. The rôle of possible endogenous hepatotoxic substances and their neutralization by cystine (methionine) or tocopherol are discussed. Diffuse hepatic fibrosis is a regular occurrence in rats kept for 100 to 150 days on a diet low in lipotropic factors. Cystine, and, among the fats, lard and especially cod liver oil, have an enhancing effect on the production of hepatic cirrhosis. In rats fed rations free from cod liver oil, and with vegetable shortening such as crisco as source of fat, the incidence and severity of cirrhosis are reduced. Ceroid deposit accompanies cirrhosis only in rats which have been kept on a cirrhosis-producing diet containing fats with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (cod liver oil, lard). Tocopherol, even when given in excessively large doses (30 mg. daily) will not prevent the formation of ceroid, and will reduce only slightly its total quantity. Under the same treatment the incidence and intensity of cirrhosis remain uninfluenced. Cellular injury in the form of degenerated or necrotic hepatic parenchymal cells, found singly or in small groups in and around the fibrous bands in the cirrhotic liver of rats, is a common occurrence. The fibrotic changes seem to begin, not in the portal spaces, but close to the central vein, although they are not as distinctly and exclusively pericentral as, for instance, in cardiac cirrhosis. Thus, experimental dietary cirrhosis is non-portal. The role of fat infiltration is discussed with special reference to the other microscopic changes found in hepatic cirrhosis. Acute necrotizing nephrosis or various stages of healing of this process are often found with great frequency in rats kept on a cirrhosis-producing diet.
Propranolol Plus Isosorbide Dinitrate in Angina Pectoris.
Authors: Wilbert S. Aronow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Propranolol Plus Isosorbide Dinitrate in Angina Pectoris.Wilbert S. Aronow, M.D., Marvin A. Kaplan, M.D.Wilbert S. Aronow, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Marvin A. Kaplan, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1072_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe combination of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg, plus oral propranolol, 40 mg given four times daily, was evaluated in a double-blind study in comparison with an oral plus a sublingual placebo in 23 patients with angina pectoris. Both of these medications were given in two successive 6-week periods. Eleven patients received the drugs, and 12 received the placebos in the first 6-week period. Each patient was exercised on a bicycle ergometer at a load of 60 w until the onset of angina twice on the last 3 days of each 6-week period 1½ hr after receiving medications given 4... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Irvine, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1072-1073KeywordsAnginaDrugs Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A CASE OF HYPERSENSITIVENESS TO SILK
Authors: J. ALEXANDER CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This case is reported because of its unusual features. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Miss C. V. A., aged 21, a college student, was referred for diagnosis and treatment of asthma, March 30, 1921. Her maternal great-grandfather had asthma, her maternal uncle suffered from eczema, a maternal first cousin, once removed, had asthma, and a paternal uncle had attacks of hay-fever. She had had all the diseases of childhood, also diphtheria and tonsillitis, and influenza of moderate severity, two years previously. The adenoids had been removed in childhood. She suffered many head "colds" each winter. There was a history of some dyspnea about fifteen months before following a severe cold. This was apparently very mild. The condition now complained of had developed about three months before and had been steadily growing worse. After the last attack, she was confined to the infirmary for a few days. The attacks developed in the evening
Resveratrol Rescues SIRT1-Dependent Adult Stem Cell Decline and Alleviates Progeroid Features in Laminopathy-Based Progeria
Authors: Baohua Liu, Shrestha Ghosh, Xi Yang, Huiling Zheng, Xinguang Liu, Zimei Wang, Guoxiang Jin, Bojian Zheng, Brian K. Kennedy, Yousin Suh, Matt Kaeberlein, Karl Tryggvason, Zhongjun Zhou
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)