tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Subset of Host B Lymphocytes Controls Melanoma Metastasis through a Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule/MUC18-Dependent Interaction: Evidence from Mice and Humans
Authors: Fernanda I. Staquicini, Anita Tandle, Steven K. Libutti, Jessica Sun, Maya Zigler, Menashe Bar-Eli, Fabiana Aliperti, Elizabeth C. Pérez, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Mario Mariano, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap, José Daniel Lopes
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Host immunity affects tumor metastasis but the corresponding cellular and molecular mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we show that a subset of B lymphocytes (termed B-1 population), but not other lymphocytes, has prometastatic effects on melanoma cells in vivo through a direct heterotypic cell-cell interaction. In the classic B16 mouse melanoma model, one mechanism underlying this phenomenon is a specific up-regulation and subsequent homophilic interaction mediated by the cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule). Presence of B-1 lymphocytes in a panel of tumor samples from melanoma patients directly correlates with MUC18 expression in melanoma cells, indicating that the same protein interaction exists in humans. These results suggest a new but as yet unrecognized functional role for host B-1 lymphocytes in tumor metastasis and establish a biochemical basis for such observations. Our findings support the counterintuitive central hypothesis in which a primitive layer of the immune system actually contributes to tumor progression and metastasis in a mouse model and in melanoma patients. Given that monoclonal antibodies against MUC18 are in preclinical development but the reason for their antitumor activity is not well understood, these translational results are relevant in the setting of human melanoma and perhaps of other cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8419–28]
Survival of Adult High-Cost Patients
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To assess the degree to which high-cost illness is terminal illness, survival data were obtained on a random sample of 776 adult high-cost patients from nine acute-care hospitals in the San Francisco Bay area. Two years after discharge, at least 34% of high-cost patients had died. These patients accounted for 39% of the hospital charges incurred by the total group of patients studied. Among the factors significantly associated with death were a diagnosis of cancer (62% death), age older than 64 years (44% death), discharge from a medical (as opposed to surgical) service (42% death), and hospital bill of $10,000 and more (48% death). In-hospital and posthospital death rates varied greatly among the nine hospitals. The data suggest that large amounts of medical care are consumed by patients with unfavorable prognoses. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1446-1449)
Medically Underserved Children Need More Than Insurance Card
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
S35. Investigating the ICOS/ICOSL pathway as a target for combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4
Authors: P Sharma
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Biomarker studies used with immunotherapeutic strategies in the clinic have typically involved monitoring immunologic changes within the systemic circulation; however, recent data indicate that immunological changes within tumor tissues will be more likely to predict clinical
Is Hepatic Resection Justified After Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases and Lymph Node Involvement?
Authors: René Adam, Robbert J. de Haas, Dennis A. Wicherts, Thomas A. Aloia, Valérie Delvart, Daniel Azoulay, Henri Bismuth, Denis Castaing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose For patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM), regional lymph node (RLN) involvement is one of the worst prognostic factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a multidisciplinary approach, including preoperative chemotherapy and hepatectomy, to improve patient outcomes. Patients and Methods Outcomes for a consecutively treated group of patients with CLM and simultaneous RLN involvement were compared with a cohort of patients without RLN involvement. Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinical variables was used to identify prognostic factors in this high-risk group. Results Of the 763 patients who underwent resection at our institution for CLM between 1992 and 2006, 47 patients (6%) were treated with hepatectomy and simultaneous lymphadenectomy. All patients had received preoperative chemotherapy. Five-year overall survival (OS) for patients with and without RLN involvement were 18% and 53%, respectively (P &lt; .001). Five-year disease-free survival rates were 11% and 23%, respectively (P = .004). When diagnosed preoperatively, RLN involvement had an increased 5-year OS compared with intraoperative detection, although the difference was not significant (35% v 10%; P = .18). Location of metastatic RLN strongly influenced survival, with observed 5-year OS of 25% for pedicular, 0% for celiac, and 0% for para-aortic RLN (P = .001). At multivariate analysis, celiac RLN involvement and age ≥ 40 years were identified as independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion Combined liver resection and pedicular lymphadenectomy is justified when RLN metastases respond to or are stabilized by preoperative chemotherapy, particularly in young patients. In contrast, this approach does not benefit patients with celiac and/or para-aortic RLN involvement, even when patients’ disease is responding to preoperative chemotherapy.
Pulmonary Infiltrates Associated With Naproxen
Authors: Anthony J. Buscaglia
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Pulmonary infiltrates developed in three middle-aged women while receiving naproxen sodium. Weakness, fatigue, cough, low-grade fever, and eosinophilia in blood and/or sputum were common to all. All symptoms and findings resolved within a few days after discontinuing naproxen therapy in two cases and with use of corticosteroids (prednisone) in one case. A hypersensitivity reaction due to naproxen seemed to be the likely cause. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:65-66)
Myocardial infarct quantification in the dog by single photon emission computed tomography.
Authors: J W Keyes, P F Leonard, S L Brody, D J Svetkoff, W L Rogers, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Radionuclide techniques for sizing acute myocardial infarction have been hampered by the intrinsic limitations of the scintillation camera. Emission computed tomography can overcome these limitations. Single photon emission computed tomograms of the distribution of technetium-99m pyrophosphate in acute anterior and posterior infarcts were obtained in 16 dogs after death. Tomograms were also obtained in 10 dogs during life without gating. The size of the infarcts was determined by staining gross sections of the heart with nitro blue tetrazolium, dissecting out the infarcted tissue and weighing it. Infarct sizes were determined from the tomographic images and compared with the measured infarct sizes. Good images showing the location and three-dimensional extent of the infarcts were obtained in all dogs. The measured and calculated infarct sizes correlated well (r = 0.85). Comparison of the calculated sizes in the living (non-gated) and dead ("physiologically" gated) animals showed reasonable agreement (r = 0.87). Single photon emission computed tomography is a feasible and useful technique for localizing and sizing acute myocardial infarctions.
Selectivity of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for Cells Expressing the DF3/MUC1 Antigen
Authors: Hideki Kasuya, Timothy M. Pawlik, John T. Mullen, James M. Donahue, Hideo Nakamura, Soundararajalu Chandrasekhar, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Enid Choi, Kenneth K. Tanabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Replication-conditional viruses destroy tumors in a process referred to as viral oncolysis. An important prerequisite for this cancer therapy strategy is use of viruses that replicate preferentially in neoplastic cells. In this study the DF3/MUC1 promoter/enhancer sequence is used to regulate expression of γ134.5 to drive replication of a Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) mutant (DF3γ34.5) preferentially in DF3/MUC1-positive cells. HSV-1 γ134.5 functions to dephosphorylate elongation initiation factor 2α, which is an important step for robust HSV-1 replication. After DF3γ34.5 infection of cells, elongation initiation factor 2α phosphatase activity and viral replication were observed preferentially in DF3/MUC1-positive cells but not in DF3/MUC1-negative cells. Regulation of γ134.5 function results in preferential replication in cancer cells that express DF3/MUC1, restricted biodistribution in vivo, and less toxicity as assessed by LD50. Preferential replication of DF3γ34.5 was observed in DF3/MUC1-positive liver tumors after intravascular perfusion of human liver specimens. DF3γ34.5 was effective against carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Regulation of γ134.5 by the DF3/MUC1 promoter is a promising strategy for development of HSV-1 mutants for viral oncolysis.
Treatment of mild persistent asthma by cutaneous electronic stimulation
Authors: C. B. Cooper, W. J. Boscardin, J. R. Colthurst, E. C. Kleerup
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) has emphasised the importance of assessing control in response to treatment in grading asthma severity 1. However, many asthma patients are inadequately controlled despite conventional treatment. GINA also recognises a potential role for complementary medicine in asthma management 1. FenzianTM (Eumedic Ltd, Hungerford, UK) is a device that provides low current cutaneous electronic stimulation (CES) and is Food and Drug Administration licensed under the category of minimal risk (Device # 21 FR 882.5890) for biofeedback and treatment of pain. Biofeedback might influence bronchial smooth muscle constriction or perception of asthma control. We examined the hypothesis that CES, added to conventional treatment over 6 weeks, improves asthma control, pulmonary function, symptoms and reliance on rescue bronchodilator therapy in patients with persistent asthma.

In total, 20 subjects were recruited (nine males and 11 females), aged 18–65 yrs with a clinical history of mild-to-moderate persistent asthma for ≥3 months 2 and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) between 50% of predicted and the lower limit of normal 3. They reported using short-acting bronchodilator therapy on ≥4 days in 2 weeks. Their treatment regimen …
Urine testing for HPV
Authors: H. C. Kitchener, G. L. Owens
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A promising screening option that deserves further evaluation

Cervical screening has traditionally relied on samples of cervical cells, taken under direct vision by a doctor, using either a conventional cervical smear test or, more recently, liquid based cytology. The causal role of high risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis has led to the rigorous evaluation of HPV DNA testing of cervical samples in primary screening. A pooled analysis1 of four European randomised trials2 3 4 5 comparing cytology with cytology plus HPV testing over at least two screening rounds, reported that the combination increased protection by 60-70% compared with cytology alone. HPV testing is now set to replace cytology in several national screening programmes. HPV testing can be performed on self collected samples, including urine. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.g5264) Pathak and colleagues report on the accuracy of HPV testing on urine samples compared with cervical samples obtained by a doctor.6

In recent years, coverage in cervical screening in the United Kingdom has fallen below 80%,7 particularly among women aged 25-30. Aside from possible increasing indifference to prevention among young women, documented …
Abortion and the Internist
Authors: Kenneth J. Simcic
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 March 1997Abortion and the InternistKenneth J. Simcic, MDKenneth J. Simcic, MDWilliam Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX 79920Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-5-199703010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Grisso and Ness [1] lament the “increasing shortage of physicians trained to do first-trimester abortions.” They invite internists to fill the void by learning and practicing the technique of medical abortion. Their only caution is that “the physician must know how to interpret ultrasonographic data to be able to deal with the few incomplete abortions that do occur.” Ethical issues are not discussed, and “special training” in medical abortion is advertised with a telephone number.Before adding to the 1.5 million abortions done each year in the United States, internists should consider several important medical and ethical ...References1. Grisso JA, Ness RB. Update in women's health. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:213-20. Google Scholar2. Gianelli DM. Outlawing abortion method. American Medical News. 20 November 1995; 3:27. Google Scholar3. Kaplan DA. Is it a wonderful life? Newsweek. 1996; April 15:62. Google Scholar4. Moore KL, Persaud TV, Shiota K. Color Atlas of Clinical Embryology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994:181. Google Scholar5. Levathes L. Listening to RU-486. Hippocrates. 1995; February:42-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX 79920Disclaimer: The opinions contained herein are the private views of the author and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 5Page: 411KeywordsDrugsEmbryosFetusesHealth information technologyHeartResearch laboratoriesSuicideTransplantation Issue Published: 1 March 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRAME-Specific Allo-HLA–Restricted T Cells with Potent Antitumor Reactivity Useful for Therapeutic T-Cell Receptor Gene Transfer
Authors: Avital L. Amir, Dirk M. van der Steen, Marleen M. van Loenen, Renate S. Hagedoorn, Renate de Boer, Michel D.G. Kester, Arnoud H. de Ru, Gert-Jan Lugthart, Cees van Kooten, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Inge Jedema, Marieke Griffioen, Peter A. van Veelen, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg, Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

In human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched stem cell transplantation (SCT), it has been shown that beneficial immune response mediating graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses can be separated from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether it would be possible to dissect the beneficial immune response of allo-HLA-reactive T cells with potent antitumor reactivity from GVHD-inducing T cells present in the detrimental immune response after HLA-mismatched SCT.The presence of specific tumor-reactive T cells in the allo-HLA repertoire was analyzed at the time of severe GVHD after HLA-mismatched SCT, using tetramers composed of different tumor-associated antigens (TAA).High-avidity allo-HLA-restricted T cells specific for the TAA preferentially expressed antigen on melanomas (PRAME) were identified that exerted highly single-peptide-specific reactivity. The T cells recognized multiple different tumor cell lines and leukemic cells, whereas no reactivity against a large panel of nonmalignant cells was observed. These T cells, however, also exerted low reactivity against mature dendritic cells (DC) and kidney epithelial cells, which was shown to be because of low PRAME expression.On the basis of potential beneficial specificity and high reactivity, the T-cell receptors of these PRAME-specific T cells may be effective tools for adoptive T-cell therapy. Clinical studies have to determine the significance of the reactivity observed against mature DCs and kidney epithelial cells.
A war of words
Authors: J Durant
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The relationship between medical science and the mass media is always delicate, and occasionally difficult, but only very rarely does it degenerate into a war of words. At present, however, a war of words is precisely what is being waged between John Maddox, the editor of Nature, and Andrew Neil, the editor of the Sunday Times, over the Sunday Times's coverage of AIDS. Rumblings of discontent within the scientific community were brought to a head by Maddox in the 9 December issue of Nature. In an editorial entitled New-style abuse of press freedom Maddox accused the most profitable newspaper in Britain of so consistently misrepresenting the role of HIV in the causation of AIDS that Nature plans to monitor its future treatment of this issue, if only to save readers the trouble of buying it (Nature 1993;366:493).

The response of the Sunday Times was swift and strong. On 12 December the newspaper published two full pages - including a reprint of the entire Nature editorial - under the blood red headline: AIDS: why we won't be silenced. According to science correspondent Neville Hodgkinson, his newspaper had been subjected to a wave of extraordinary attacks in recent weeks over its attempts to widen discussion of one of the most crucial medical and scientific issues of our time: the cause of AIDS. Hodgkinson went on to rehearse a series of doubts about the generally accepted view of the relationship between HIV and AIDS within what he termed the science establishment and …
Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reactivity in biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis is associated with deficits in regulatory T cells
Authors: Stephen M. Brindley, Allison M. Lanham, Frederick M. Karrer, Rebecca M. Tucker, Andrew P. Fontenot, Cara L. Mack
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive, inflammatory cholangiopathy that culminates in fibrosis of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. A leading theory on the pathogenesis of BA is that the bile duct damage is initiated by a virus infection, followed by a bile duct-targeted autoimmune response. One mechanism of autoimmunity entails a diminished number or function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to identify potential virus-specific liver T cells from infants with BA at the time of diagnosis, implicating the virus involved in early bile duct damage. A subaim was to determine if the presence of virus infection was associated with quantitative changes in Tregs. Liver T cells from BA and control patients were cultured with antigen-presenting cells in the presence of a variety of viral or control proteins. 56% of BA patients had significant increases in interferon-gamma-producing liver T cells in response to cytomegalovirus (CMV), compared with minimal BA responses to other viruses or the control group CMV response. In addition, a positive correlation between BA plasma CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and liver T-cell CMV reactivity was identified. Investigation of peripheral blood Tregs revealed significant deficits in Treg frequencies in BA compared with controls, with marked deficits in those BA patients who were positive for CMV. Conclusion : Liver T-cell responses to CMV were identified in the majority of BA patients at diagnosis, suggesting perinatal CMV infection as a plausible initiator of bile duct damage. Deficiency of Tregs in BA implies decreased inhibition of inflammation and autoreactivity, potentially allowing for exaggerated bile duct injury. (Hepatology 2012)
PMO-002 Evaluation of a nurse and dietetic led follow-up service for patients with an upper gastrointestinal malgnancy
Authors: A Procter, T Wilccocks, A Fletcher
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Clinical Nurse Specialist Team developed a nurse and dietetic led follow-up service. Is the service effective and does it meet patient9s needs? <h3>Methods</h3> The team devised a questionnaire for both the patients and the clinicians. All patients who had attended the clinic and the three surgical consultants were sent questionnaires. Exclusions were duplicates and those deceased. A total of 100 patient and three clinician questionnaires were sent. The patients and clinicians were asked to return the questionnaires to a Clinical Governance support officer who collated the results. In total the team received 89 responses from patients and two from clinicians equating to a 74% return rate. <h3>Results</h3> The majority of patients responded favourably to the nurse and dietetic led service, with only 2% of respondents preferring a consultant led service. Neither of the responding clinicians felt that the service needed to change. 80% of respondents felt the length of their appointment was adequate. The majority of patients responded favourably to the nurse and dietetic led service, with only 2% of respondents preferring a consultant led service. Neither of the responding clinicians felt that the service needed to change. 80% of respondents felt the length of their appointment was adequate. <h3>Conclusion</h3> One follow-up clinic per week has streamlined the workload ensuring an equitable, appropriate service. It has also supported the continued professional development of the CNS team/Dietetic team and a more productive workforce. This has highlighted the value of the role of the CNS and Dietetic Team. The Nurse and Dietetic Led service provides the opportunity for patients to have a longer, in depth consultation meeting the recommendations of the Supportive and Palliative Care Guidance Holistic Needs Assessment. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>The Department of Health</b>. <i>A Policy Framework for Commissioning Cancer Services. A Report By The Expert Advisory Group On Cancer To The Chief Medical Officers of England and Wales</i>. London. 1995. 2. <b>The Department of Health</b>. <i>The NHS Cancer Plan. A Plan For Investment. A Plan For Reform</i>. London. 2000. 3. <b>The Department of Health</b>. <i>National Surveys of NHS patients: Cancer National Overview 1999-2000</i>. London. 2002. 4. <b>The Department of Health</b>. <i>Cancer Reform Strategy</i>. London. 2007. 5. <b>The Department of Health</b>. <i>National Cancer Survivorship Initiative</i>. London. 2008. 6. <b>National Institute for Clinical Excellence</b>. <i>Improving Supportive and Palliative Care For Adults</i>. London. 2004.