tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma phenotypes and lung function up to 16 years of age-the BAMSE cohort
Authors: J. Hallberg, P. Thunqvist, E. S. Schultz, I. Kull, M. Bottai, A.-S. Merritt, F. Chiesa, P. M. Gustafsson, E. Melén
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Asthma is a disease affecting many locations throughout the airway. Most studies have used spirometry as the primary assessment of airway obstruction, a method that may be less sensitive in regard to peripheral airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations between asthma phenotypes based on age of onset and duration of symptoms, and (i) spirometry and (ii) small airway involvement measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in adolescence.Children and adolescents taking part in BAMSE, a prospective birth cohort study, performed spirometry at 8 and 16 years and IOS at 16 years of age. Based on data collected in questionnaires, children were categorized into the following groups: 'never asthma', 'early transient asthma', 'early persistent asthma', and 'late onset asthma'.Compared with the never asthma group, all asthma groups were associated with lower FEV1 at 16 years of age (early transient-119 ml, 95% confidence interval -204 to -34; early persistent-410 ml, 95%CI -533; -287; and late onset-148 ml, 95%CI -237; -58). Between 8 and 16 years, significantly less increase in FEV1 was observed in the early persistent and late onset groups. The small airway index 'R5-20 ' was significantly associated with active asthma at 16 years, but not transient asthma.All asthma phenotypes studied were negatively associated with FEV1 in adolescence. IOS measurements indicated that active asthma could be associated with small airway impairments. These results provide new insights into the physiology underlying wheezing phenotypes based on age of onset and duration of disease.
Studies in meta-analysis of treatment of stable angina had methodological flaws
Authors: S C Eccleshall, G J Laarman, J Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Bucher et al's meta-analysis of the treatment of stable angina with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or medical treatment is based on a small number of trials with methodological flaws. 1 2 The conclusions could have considerable adverse effects on the provision of revascularisation services, and we wish to draw attention to problems with the meta-analysis. Its results should not be used to guide clinical practice or decision making in public health.

Sievers et al recruited asymptomatic patients to randomisation between angioplasty and medical …
ASTIGMATISM FOLLOWING CATARACT OPERATIONS AND OTHER CORNEAL SECTIONS.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The brief observations here presented are to be regarded as addenda to the paper on the subject read by the author before the Pan-American Medical Congress in 1893. Probably in every case of cataract extraction the necessary corneal section is followed by a permanent change in the corneal curvature and refraction. In a few cases the change in curvature is such as to reduce or correct, or slightly over-correct, a previously existing asymmetry of the cornea, and the astigmatism caused by it. In the larger proportion of cases the ultimate effect is a considerable astigmatism, greater in amount and essentially different in direction from any astigmatism that may have been present before the operation. The fact that the astigmatism is new, and also that it is due to change in the corneal curves, give it increased importance. Those who always have had astigmatism never perceive the distortion of retinal images
Cost-effectiveness of Misoprostol for Prophylaxis Against Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug—Induced Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding
Authors: Jonathan T. Edelson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Patients who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are at increased risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, which may be prevented with prophylactic prescription of misoprostol. Using data from the literature, we estimated rates of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in NSAID users, direct medical costs, years of life lost, and cost-effectiveness of a 1-year course of misoprostol in three clinical populations of NSAID users: all users, users aged 60 years or older, and users with rheumatoid arthritis. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for misoprostol as primary prevention were $667 400 per year of life saved for all NSAID users; $186 700 per year of life saved for users aged 60 years or older; and $95 600 per year of life saved for users with rheumatoid arthritis. Misoprostol as secondary prevention for those who continued to take NSAIDs despite having had an episode of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in the previous year was associated with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios less than $40 000 per year of life saved in all patient groups. We conclude that misoprostol is costly as primary prevention for NSAID-induced gastrointestinal tract bleeding in the groups examined but may be cost-effective as secondary prevention in patients with a proved history of gastrointestinal tract bleeding. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:41-47)
Diagnosis of Common Iliac Artery Thrombosis and Renal Artery Thrombosis in a Kidney Transplant by Radionuclide Renography
Authors: Aurora Sainz-Esteban, Ignacio Banzo, Remedios Quirce, Julio Jiménez-Bonilla, Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez, Jorge Barragán, Jose M. Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

In a 58-year-old woman, the external iliac artery was accidentally dissected during the arterial anastomosis of a kidney transplant. An immediate CT angiogram showed an almost total occlusion of the common iliac artery. After the transplantation, radionuclide renography with Tc-99m MAG3 showed no flow across the right common iliac artery and no graft vascularization. Sequential images showed a photopenic area corresponding to the renal graft. These findings were interpreted as common iliac artery thrombosis and renal artery thrombosis associated with renal graft infarct. Excision of the transplant and iliofemoral bypass were performed. Pathologic examination of the graft showed massive acute renal infarct and renal artery thrombosis.
Abstract P42: Active Compression Decompression-CPR in an Infant Manikin Model Using a Novel Adhesive Glove Device
Authors: Sharda Udassi, Jai P Udassi, Melissa Lamb, Doug Theriaque, Arno L Zaritsky, Ikram U Haque
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: In animals Active Compression-Decompression(ACD)-CPR improves hemodynamics compared with standard CPR (S-CPR). We evaluated the feasibility of achieving ACD-CPR with a novel, simple and inexpensive Adhesive Glove Device (AGD) in an infant manikin model using two thumb (TT) chest compression. Hypothesis: AGD-ACD CPR provides better chest decompression compared to S-CPR in an infant manikin model without excessive rescuer fatigue. Methods: Laerdal ™ Baby ALS Trainer manikin was modified to digitally record compression pressure (CP), compression depth (CD) and decompression depth (DD). The thumb portion of two oven mitts were sewn together and a Velcro adhesive patch was stitched on the underside with an encircling adjustable strap for proper fit to create the AGD. An interlocking Velcro patch was glued to the manikin chest wall. Sixteen BLS or PALS certified healthcare providers were prospectively randomized to perform either two-thumb S-CPR or AGD-ACD-CPR for 5 minutes with a 30:2 compression:ventilation ratio using a crossover design. During AGD-ACD-CPR subjects were asked to pull up during chest decompression. Rescuer heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), recovery time (RT) for HR/RR to return to baseline and actual compressions delivered per minute were recorded. Subjects were blinded to data recordings. Data (mean±SEM) was analyzed using 2 sided paired t-test; p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Chest decompression was greater with AGD-ACD-CPR; the mean DD difference was 0.11±0.02 inches, p=&lt;0.001. Compressions given per minute were 102±21 in S-CPR group vs. 96±16 in AGD-ACD-CPR group, p=0.04. In AGD-CPR 75% and in S-CPR only 12% of subjects achieved complete recoil to or beyond baseline. There was no significant difference in CD, CP, HR, RR and RT between the groups. Conclusions: Active decompression and improved recoil was achievable with the use of our simple, inexpensive AGD in this infant CPR model. Use of our device did not result in excessive rescuer fatigue compared to S-CPR. The clinical significance of 6 less compressions/minute in the AGD-CPR group needs to be determined.
Angiopoietin-1 Protects Against the Development of Cardiac Allograft Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Antti I. Nykänen, Rainer Krebs, Anne Saaristo, Päivi Turunen, Kari Alitalo, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Petri K. Koskinen, Karl B. Lemström
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 is an angiogenic growth factor that counteracts the permeability and proinflammatory effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and other proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, we demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor enhances cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis. Here, we studied the roles of Ang1, its natural antagonist Ang2, and their receptor Tie2 in rat cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis.Heterotopic cardiac allografts and syngrafts were transplanted from Dark Agouti (DA) to Wistar-Furth rats and from DA to DA rats, respectively. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that only a few mesenchymal cells expressed Ang1 in normal hearts and syngrafts, whereas no immunoreactivity was found in cardiac allografts undergoing chronic rejection. Ang2 and Tie2 immunoreactivity was induced mainly in capillaries and postcapillary venules in chronic allografts when compared with syngeneic controls, but no immunoreactivity was found in arterial endothelium. Intracoronary perfusion of cardiac allografts with a clinical-grade adenoviral vector encoding human Ang1 (Ad.Ang1) protected against the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. Ad.Ang1 perfusion reduced Ang2 expression in microcirculation, the numbers of graft-infiltrating leukocytes, and the level of immunoactivation and interstitial fibrosis, as well as both the incidence and intensity of intimal lesions. Ad.Ang1 perfusion also increased CD34+ stem cell counts in peripheral blood.Our findings suggest that the antiinflammatory properties of Ang1 may offer an entirely new therapeutic approach to prevent cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis.
Calories Don't Count
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is one of a large number of popular books on weight reduction. Copyrighted in 1961, it has already reached best-seller status. Dr. Taller's diet permits the patient an essentially unlimited intake of fat and protein but drastically restricts intake of carbohydrates. It is therefore a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. "Over-all, the average obese person will lose best on a diet which is 65 per cent fat. Two-thirds of this fat should be unsaturated. Thirty per cent of the diet should be protein; only 5 per cent should be carbohydrate." He proposes that obese people metabolize fats and carbohydrates differently than do people of normal weight. Thus, it is claimed that such a person's carbohydrate intake must be restricted drastically if any weight reduction program is to be effective. Taller attributes some miraculous property to fats from vegetable sources which mobilizes stored fat to produce what has been called a
544 A EUROPEAN FIELD STUDY OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) AS MONOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR FAILURE TO OTHER NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES
Authors: F. van Bommel, R. Zoutendijk, R. de Man, J.-P. Bronowiki, K. Rutter, P. Ferenci, H. Janssen, B. Fülöp, A. Brodzinski, J. Wiegand, H. Wedemeyer, K. Deterding, A. Erhardt, D. Hüppe, M. Bourlière, C. Sarrazin, J. Trojan, P. Buggisch, J. Petersen, U. Spengler, A. Kamp, S. Mauss, M. Schuchmann, K. van Nieuwkerk, T. Gerlach, D. Moradpour, A. Schweinberger, H. Wasmuth, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Cavitating Lung Lesions
Authors: Gumersindo A. Alvero
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>History</h3> A 45-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of a dry cough and generalized malaise of seven months' duration. Four years ago, the patient had had stage II carcinoma of the cervix that was treated with cobalt therapy and radium-seed implantation. Biannual chest roentgenograms during the interval had been interpreted as normal. Physical examination showed no abnormalities, except for some nondiscrete small lymph nodes palpable in the anterior area of the neck. Tuberculin test as well as skin and serologic tests for fungal diseases were negative. The remainder of the laboratory examinations gave normal results. Admission chest roentgenogram is shown in the Figure. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Carcinoma of the cervix with cavitary metastases to the lungs. <h3>Comment</h3> The Figure shows three nodular lesions in the lungs, two in the left lung and one in the right, each approximately 2 1/2 cm in diameter. All lesions show central cavitation
Poor Renal Uptake of Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m MDP in a Patient With Fanconi Syndrome and Near Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: SANG EUN KIM, JONG TAE CHO, DONG SOO LEE, JUNE-KEY CHUNG, SUHNGGWON KIM, MYUNG CHUL LEE, JUNG SANG LEE, CHANG-SOON KOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors present a patient with Fanconi syndrome who demonstrated poor renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA and high urinary concentration of the tracer. Tc-99m DTPA imaging was normal and the creatinine clearance was only minimally decreased. These findings suggest that Tc-99m DMSA may be accumulated in the kidney by glomerular filtration and subsequent tubular reabsorption. A Tc-99m MDP bone scan showed faint renal uptake, as well as diffuse high skeletal uptake, particularly in the spine, demonstrating that the metabolic bone disease associated with Fanconi syndrome can be one of the causes of poor renal visualization on a bone scan.
Hepatitis B virus X protein stimulates gene expression selectively from extrachromosomal DNA templates
Authors: Pieter C. van Breugel, Eva I. Robert, Henrik Mueller, Adrien Decorsière, Fabien Zoulim, Olivier Hantz, Michel Strubin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for liver cancer development. HBV encodes the hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein that promotes transcription of the viral episomal DNA genome by the host cell RNA polymerase II. Here we provide evidence that HBx accomplishes this task by a conserved and unusual mechanism. Thus, HBx strongly stimulates expression of transiently transfected reporter constructs, regardless of the enhancer and promoter sequences. This activity invariably requires HBx binding to the cellular UV-damaged DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, suggesting a common mechanism. Unexpectedly, none of the reporters tested is stimulated by HBx when integrated into the chromosome, despite remaining responsive to their cognate activators. Likewise, HBx promotes gene expression from the natural HBV episomal template but not from a chromosomally integrated HBV construct. The same was observed with the HBx protein of woodchuck HBV. HBx does not affect nuclear plasmid copy number and functions independently of CpG dinucleotide methylation.We propose that HBx supports HBV gene expression by a conserved mechanism that acts specifically on episomal DNA templates independently of the nature of the cis-regulatory sequences. Because of its uncommon property and key role in viral transcription, HBx represents an attractive target for new antiviral therapies.
Effects of glucagon on plasma amino acids.
Authors: G Boden, I Rezvani, O E Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effects of glucagon deficiency and excess on plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids were studied in six normal human subjects for 8 h. During glucagon deficiency, produced by intravenous infusion of somatostatin (0.5 mg/h) and insulin (5 mU/kg per h), amino acid concentration (sum of 21 amino acids) rose from 2,607 +/- 76 to 2,922 +/- 133 microM after 4 h (P less than 0.025). The largest increases occurred in lysine (+26%), glycine (+24%), alanine (+23%), and arginine (+23%) concentrations. During glucagon excess produced by intravenous infusion of somatostatin (0.5 mg/h), insulin (5 mU/kg per h), and glucagon (60 ng/kg per h), amino acid concentration decreased from 2,774 +/- 166 to 2,388 +/- 102 microM at 8 h (P less than 0.01). The largest decreases occurred in citrulline (-37%), proline (-32%), ornithine (-30%), tyrosine (-23%), glycine (-20%), threonine (-21%), and alanine (18%) concentrations. Urinary urea nitrogen and total nitrogen excretions were lower during glucagon deficiency than during glucagon excess (3.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.3 +/- 2.3 g/8 h, P less than 0.05 and 4.8 +/- 1.0 vs 7.0 +/- 2.6 g/8 h, respectively, P less than 0.05). Biostator-controlled euglycemic glucagon deficiency was produced in four normal subjects for 4 h to eliminate possible effects of changes in glucose concentration on amino acids. Amino acid concentration (sum of 18 amino acids) increases occurred in arginine (+42%), alanine (+28%), glutamine (+25%), and glycine (+16%) concentrations. The data show that small changes (-66 pg/ml and +50 pg/ml) in basal glucagon concentrations cause plasma amino acid concentrations to change in opposite directions. The finding that urinary excretion of nitrogen and urea nitrogen was greater during glucagon excess than during glucagon deficiency suggested alterations in the rate of gluconeogenesis from amino acids as one mechanism by which glucagon controls blood amino acid levels.
1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces maturation of the human monocyte cell line U937, and, in association with a factor from human T lymphocytes, augments production of the monokine, mononuclear cell factor.
Authors: E P Amento, A K Bhalla, J T Kurnick, R L Kradin, T L Clemens, S A Holick, M F Holick, S M Krane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The monocyte factor, interleukin 1, or other factors homologous with interleukin 1, modulates functions of a variety of cells, including T and B lymphocytes, synovial cells, and chondrocytes. We have reported that a human monocyte cell line, U937, produces interleukin 1 when incubated with a soluble factor from lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes. We have also shown that U937 cells have a specific cytosolic receptor for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25[OH]2D3). We now report that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3(10(-11)-10(-10) M) induces maturational changes in the U937 cells similar to those produced by conditioned medium from lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes (increase in Fc receptors and OKM1 binding and decrease in proliferation), but does not induce monokine production as measured by mononuclear cell factor activity. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 is 200-300-fold more effective than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, which is consistent with the known biological potency of these vitamin D3 metabolites. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and the lymphokine together markedly augment maturational effects and, in addition, augment monokine production. The specificity of the interaction is further demonstrated by the lack of augmentation of monokine production with 1 beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the presence of lymphokine. These interactions of a classical hormone and the hormonelike product(s) of the immune system with U937 cells serve as a model for human monocyte/macrophage differentiation and suggest a role for these interactions in some aspects of inflammation.
Problems in the estimation of human exposure to components of acid precipitation precursors.
Authors: B G Ferris, J D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Problems associated with estimation of human exposure to ambient air pollutants are discussed. Ideally, we would prefer to have some indication of actual dose. For most pollutants this is not presently feasible. Specific problems discussed are adequacy of outdoor monitors; the need to correct for exposures and time spent indoors; the need to have particle size distributions described and the chemistry of the particles presented. These indicate the need to develop lightweight accurate and reliable personal monitors.
Abstract 4414: Differential effects of functionalized and non-functionalized short multi-wall carbon nanotubes on survival and cell signaling in pancreatic cancer cells.
Authors: Yao Zhang, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis and low five-year survival rate. Because chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments are not effective, new treatments for this cancer are needed to improve its prognosis. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) constitute one novel and important nanomaterial extensively examined for potential biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery vehicles and diagnostic agents). Modification of CNTs with functional groups improves solubility and may serve as attachment site of other molecules and/or drugs. This study elucidated the cytotoxicity induced by CNTs and the underlying mechanisms. We employed MTT assay to determine survival of PANC1 cells treated with different concentrations of short-multi-wall CNTs (SMWCNTs) or SMWCNTs-COOH for 24, 48, and 72 hrs. Our results suggested that functionalization with carboxyl group to SMWCNTs lowers their cytotoxicity. Therefore we hypothesized that the induced cytotoxicity by both SMWCNTs and SMWCNTs-COOH is a result of either up-regulation of apoptotic pathways or down-regulation of cellular survival/proliferation/differentiation pathways or a combination of both. We carried out western-blot analysis to examine the effects of CNTs on ERK, phospho-ERK, AKT, phospho-AKT signal transduction pathways and on the NF-κB pathway. PANC1 cells were treated with 2, 20, and 200 μg/ml SMWCNTs-COOH or SMWCNTs for 48hrs. The expressions of phospho-ERK were decreased in cells treated with 2 μg/ml SMWCNTs-COOH. However, as the concentration of SMWCNTs-COOH increased from 2 to 200 μg/ml, the phospho-ERK expression was increased: however, the total ERK expression was unaffected. The NF-κB expression in the cells was increased compared to control group as the concentration of SMWCNTs-COOH increased from 2 to 200 μg/ml. Our study demonstrates that both SMWCNTs and SMWCNTs-COOH induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells and functionalization with carboxyl group lowered their cytotoxicity. One mechanism underlying their cytotoxicity may be the altered regulation of cellular survival/proliferation pathways such as ERK. Thus, our results may have implications in cytotoxicity of SMWCNTs in pancreatic cells and in designing therapies for pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yao Zhang, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department,College of Pharmacy, Division of Health Sciences. Differential effects of functionalized and non-functionalized short multi-wall carbon nanotubes on survival and cell signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4414