tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monoreactive high affinity and polyreactive low affinity rheumatoid factors are produced by CD5+ B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S E Burastero, P Casali, R L Wilder, A L Notkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), circulating CD5+ B lymphocytes, but not CD5- B lymphocytes, are increased in number and size, exist in an activated state, spontaneously proliferate, and secrete Ig that binds to the Fc fragment of IgG. By constructing continuous mAb-secreting cell lines from CD5+ B lymphocytes, the properties and dissociation constants (Kd) of these antibodies were determined. Two types of rheumatoid factors (RFs) with discrete reactivities were produced. The first type is polyreactive and binds with relatively low affinity (Kd, 10(-5) mol/liter) to the Fc fragment of IgG. These antibodies are similar to those produced by CD5+ B cells from healthy subjects. The second type of RF is monoreactive and binds with higher affinity (Kd, 10(-7) mol/liter) to the Fc fragment of IgG. These latter autoantibodies are produced by CD5+ B cells of RA patients, but not healthy subjects. Long-term longitudinal studies are needed to determine the role of these two types of RFs in the pathogenesis of RA.
Prognostic Impact of Hemodynamic Response to Adenosine in Patients Older Than Age 55 Years Undergoing Vasodilator Stress Myocardial Perfusion Study
Authors: Aiden Abidov, Rory Hachamovitch, Sean W. Hayes, Chee Keong Ng, Ishac Cohen, John D. Friedman, Guido Germano, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The prognostic importance of various hemodynamic responses to adenosine infusion in patients undergoing adenosine stress myocardial perfusion stress (MPS) has not been defined.We identified 3444 unique patients (53.5% women, mean age 74.0+/-8.4 years) who underwent adenosine (with no additional exercise) stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS) and were followed up for 2.0+/-0.8 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of hemodynamic variables in predicting cardiac death (CD). Two hundred twenty-four CDs (6.5%) occurred during follow-up. By multivariable analysis, higher rest heart rate (HR) and to a lesser extent lower peak HR were markers of CD. When added to the multivariable model in place of peak and rest HR, the peak/rest HR ratio was an independent predictor of CD. Peak/rest HR ratio additionally risk-stratified patients within each MPS category. A significant interaction was found between gender and peak systolic blood pressure (SBP), in which there was an increased risk associated with a low peak SBP (<90 mm Hg at end of adenosine infusion) in men but not in women.Patients undergoing adenosine stress MPS with high rest HR and low peak/rest HR ratio have increased risk of CD, as do male patients with a low peak SBP. Assessment of the hemodynamic response to adenosine adds incremental prognostic value to MPS results and enhances identification of patients at risk for CD.
VALUE OF SPECT BONE SCINTIGRAPHY OF THE THORACOLUMBAR SPINE IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: F. S. Delpassand, J. R. Garcia, V. A. Bhadkamkar, D. A. Podoloff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Delpassand, F. S.; Garcia, J. R.; Bhadkamkar, V. A.; Podoloff, D. A. Author Information
Editorial: In a minor key
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We are witnessing a proliferation of remedies for "minor" pains, aches, and ailments. Widely advertized on television and radio are drugs for arthritis-minor-pain, indigestion-minor-pain, premenstrual-minor-pain, and the like. So great is the demand for these medications that drug stores can be expected to install counters, and supermarkets to set aside aisles, for their display. Apart from generating a few grammatical crudities, circumlocutory misstatements, and tautological absurdities in their "commercials," these minor medications seem harmless enough. They are inexpensive. Moreover, they often fill a therapeutic gap. Doctors are notoriously indifferent to what they consider to be inconsequential complaints. Nor are the commercials, simplistic as they may be, outrageously offensive. After all, they make no claim to miraculous healing, no pretensions of curing major disorders. All they promise is relief from minor symptoms. So why not be thankful for minor blessings? The answer would have been simple, were it not for the
PSYCHOSES RESULTING FROM COAL GAS ASPHYXIATION.
Authors: SANGER BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

For the past ten years at least, reports of cases of psychoses from coal gas poisoning are few. They are frequent enough, however, to demonstrate an apparent relation of cause and effect. Greidenberg<sup>1</sup>reports 3 cases. The first patient, a woman of 58, whose symptoms were headache, vomiting, apathy, refusal of food, dysentery and, finally, death. The symptoms were thought to be of such a nature as to warrant a diagnosis of acute dementia. The second patient was also a woman who did not actually lose consciousness, the most prominent symptom being whining. apathy and weakness of memory. Recovery supervened after four months. The third was the case of a man of 45 who, in earlier life, had been intemperate. Ten days after asphyxiation he became forgetful, rambling, restless, excitable, sleepless and apathetic. His articulation was indistinct; he gave incorrect answers to simple questions and made incorrect statements. Urine
Control of Inoperable Oral Cancer with Massive Roentgen Therapy
Authors: George White, William R. Christensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE control of inoperable oral cancer is important not only for cure of the localized lesion but also because the subsequent treatment of involved regional nodes must usually await the successful eradication of the primary disease. Radiation therapy is generally considered the only effective approach to those carcinomas of the mouth that cannot be eradicated surgically. Although many of these lesions are controlled by conventional dosages, experience at Pondville Hospital has suggested that there are too many patients in whom the primary disease persisted or recurred after conventional x-ray therapy had been administered.In 1946 a more radical regimen was . . .
Cut Down Proliferation of Medical Specialty Certifications
Authors: Adrian O. Vladutiu
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The American Board of Medical Specialties, at its annual meeting on March 17, 1983, voted to authorize certification of  qualification in diagnostic laboratory immunology. In addition, the American Board of Medical Specialists authorized the issuance of certificates of  qualification in immunopathology to be issued by the American Board of Pathology.  It seems that, suddenly, the laboratories of immunology have become a hot issue since so many boards (Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, and Pathology) are interested in issuing certifications for special qualifications in laboratory immunology. It must be added that for the last few years, the American Board of Laboratory Immunology of the American Academy of Microbiology has been issuing certificates of special competence to both MDs and PhDs. One must obviously ask the following questions: What is the rationale for so many boards and certifications in one of the laboratory medicine fields? Do
The kinase PDK1 integrates T cell antigen receptor and CD28 coreceptor signaling to induce NF-κB and activate T cells
Authors: Sung-Gyoo Park, Jan Schulze-Luehrman, Matthew S Hayden, Naoko Hashimoto, Wataru Ogawa, Masato Kasuga, Sankar Ghosh
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Danish data confirm low prevalence of HRT among women prescribed oral corticosteroids
Authors: C. Olesen, H. T. Sorensen, F. H. Steffensen, G. L. Nielsen, J. Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

supplementary oxygen who are monitored by routine oximetry and given conventional seda- tion.Until this information is available, routine use of a ,B blocker for patients undergoing endo- scopic cholangiopancreatography seems prema- ture because the risk of hypotension induced by I blockade may be an additional hazard.
Human Rhinovirus Bronchiolitis Predominant In Very Low Birthweight Infants In Argentina
Authors: Jodell E. Linder-Jackson, Tatyana E. Plachco, Lucrecia Bossi, Gabriela Bauer, Fernando P. Polack, Romina P. Libster, Eva K. Kathryn Miller
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Medical Care Following HIV Testing
Authors: Keith Henry, Mary Sonnen
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Public health clinics identify many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who might benefit from medical care. 1-3 Few data exist about whether persons identified to be HIV seropositive at a counseling and testing site can afford to or actually do receive follow-up care. 1 Interest in early intervention for HIV infection was stimulated by studies showing the benefit of early treatment. 4-6   Methods.  —Since 1986, HIV-seropositive persons seen at our counseling and testing site have undergone a targeted physical examination, CD4 (T-helper cell) level determinations, and extended counseling promoting the value of medical follow-up. Knowledge of CD4 counts seemed to help persons decide to seek medical care. In 1990, we conducted a study that attempted to obtain followup information about medical care 6 months after the initial counseling and testing site visit.  Results.  —Criteria for eligibility were as follows: (1) the person was identified to be
Gefitinib Prevents Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Yoshiki Ishii, Sakae Fujimoto, Takeshi Fukuda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF), the ligands for EGF receptor (EGFR), stimulate fibroblast proliferation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of the EGFR signal by an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) may prevent pulmonary fibrosis. However, there is a possibility that blocking the EGFR signal may inhibit epithelial cell repair, thereby exaggerating lung fibrosis.To investigate the effect of EGFR-TK inhibition on lung fibrosis.We looked at the effects of the EGFR-TKIs gefitinib (20, 90, 200 mg/kg) and AG1478 (12 mg/kg) on a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model in mice.Gefitinib prevented lung fibrosis at all three doses. Furthermore, in those mice that did not receive bleomycin treatment, gefitinib at 200 mg/kg did not induce lung fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that phosphorylation of EGFR in lung mesenchymal cells induced by bleomycin was inhibited by gefitinib. AG1478 also attenuated the lung fibrosis. In vitro studies further demonstrated that the addition of gefitinib or AG1478 suppressed the EGFR ligand-induced proliferation of lung fibroblasts.These findings suggest that, in the preclinical setting, EGFR-TKIs may have a protective effect on lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Because these molecular targeted drugs may have differing effects depending on species and individuals, a cautious interpretation is warranted.
Diagnosing Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Edward L. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article entitled "Insensitivity of Rapid Antigen Detection Methods and Single Blood Agar Plate Culture for Diagnosing Streptococcal Pharyngitis" by Wegner and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>while attempting to assist clinicians in management of group A streptococcal infections, unfortunately reaches unjustified conclusions without taking a number of important factors into consideration. First and most important, it is very difficult to believe that experienced microbiologists can find group A streptococci on only 58% of the plates after 24 hours and on only approximately 70% of the plates after 2 days. Even if there is an accepted discordance rate (one positive and one negative) of about 10% when using two swabs as shown in reference 8 of the article, this still indicates that those who read the single plates missed about 20%. This is unacceptably high for a laboratory. The authors could have attempted to explain this unexpected finding by performing
Emotion Regulation Skills Training Enhances the Efficacy of Inpatient Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matthias Berking, David Ebert, Pim Cuijpers, Stefan G. Hofmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Deficits in emotion regulation skills are possible factors maintaining major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, the aim of the study was to test whether integrating a systematic emotion regulation training (ERT) enhances the efficacy of routine inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for MDD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 432 inpatients meeting criteria for MDD were assigned to receive either routine CBT or CBT enriched with an intense emotion regulation skills training (CBT-ERT). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Participants in the CBT-ERT condition demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in depression (response rates - CBT: 75.5%, CBT-ERT: 84.9%; remission rates - CBT: 51.1%, CBT-ERT: 65.1%). Moreover, CBT-ERT participants demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of negative affect, as well as a greater increase of well-being and emotion regulation skills particularly relevant for mental health. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Integrating strategies that target emotion regulation skills improves the efficacy of CBT for MDD.
Death Due to Hepatic Necrosis in a Patient Receiving Zoxazolamine
Authors: Henry J. Carr, Quentin F. Knauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE occurrence of fatal necrosis of the liver in 2 patients receiving zoxazolamine has been reported.1 Hepatic damage, as observed at post-mortem examination, could not definitely be attributed to drug toxicity, inasmuch as it did not differ from that occurring in viral hepatitis. Clinically, however, the likelihood of a viral infection was remote. Zoxazolamine had been given in doses of 250 mg. orally, three times daily, for one to two months. The case reported below is probably the third, and possibly the fourth,2 recorded case of the occurrence of massive hepatic necrosis in a patient receiving this drug§ in similar . . .
Dominant-negative zeta-associated protein 70 inhibits T cell antigen receptor signaling.
Authors: D Qian, M N Mollenauer, A Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Zeta-associated protein (ZAP)-70 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine required for T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and development. Mutations in ZAP-70 result in severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. ZAP-70 interacts with the TCR by binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) present in the invariant subunits of the TCR complex. Here we report that two ZAP-70 mutants devoid of kinase activity, generated either by a point mutation in the kinase domain to create an inactive kinase, or by truncation of the entire kinase domain (SH2[N+C]), functioned as dominant-negative mutants to specifically suppress TCR-mediated activation of NFAT, a nuclear factor essential for inducible interleukin 2 gene expression. Biochemical studies with the SH2(N+C) mutant showed that it also blocked early TCR signaling events, such as p95vav tyrosine phosphorylation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation, and the association of a number of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with growth factor receptor-binding protein 2 (GRB2). The inhibitory effects of the SH2(N+C) mutant revealed that it requires an intact phosphotyrosine-binding site in its COOH-terminal SH2 domain. Using a CD8-zeta chimeric receptor to analyze the interaction of the SH2(N+C) mutant with ITAMs of TCR-zeta, we found that this mutant was constitutively bound to the hyperphosphorylated CD8-zeta chimera. These results indicate that tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM is the target for the action of this dominant-negative mutant, suggesting that the assembly of a functional receptor signaling complex on ITAMs is a critical proximal TCR signaling event leading to downstream activation.
Conjoined twins are separated in four stage operation
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

British surgeons have successfully separated craniopagus conjoined twins in a series of four complex operations carried out at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London.

The twin girls, Rital and Ritag Gaboura, from Sudan, were classed as total type III craniopagus, which means they were joined at the head with significant blood flow between their brains.

Only 5% of conjoined twins are craniopagus, and 40% of these are stillborn or die in early infancy.

Ritag supplied half her sister’s brain with blood while draining most of it back to her heart. As a result Ritag’s heart had to pump …
Times to Treatment in Transfer Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States
Authors: Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Eric R. Bates, Jeph Herrin, Yongfei Wang, Elizabeth H. Bradley, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Treatment delays in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may decrease the advantage of this strategy over on-site fibrinolytic therapy that has been demonstrated in recent clinical trials. Accordingly, we sought to describe patterns of times to treatment in patients undergoing interhospital transfer for primary PCI in the United States.We analyzed patients with STEMI undergoing interhospital transfer for primary PCI between January 1999 and December 2002 in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. The primary outcome was "total" door-to-balloon time measured from time of arrival at the initial hospital to time of balloon inflation at the PCI hospital. Multivariable hierarchical models were used to assess the relationship of total door-to-balloon time with patient and hospital characteristics. Among 4278 patients transferred for primary PCI at 419 hospitals, the median total door-to-balloon time was 180 minutes, with only 4.2% of patients treated within 90 minutes, the benchmark recommended by national quality guidelines. Comorbid conditions, absence of chest pain, delayed presentation after symptom onset, less specific ECG findings, and hospital presentation during off-hours were associated with longer total door-to-balloon times. Patients at teaching hospitals in rural areas also had significantly longer times to treatment.Total door-to-balloon times for transfer patients undergoing primary PCI in the United States rarely achieve guideline-recommended benchmarks, and current decision making should take these times into account. For the full benefits of primary PCI to be realized in transfer patients, improved systems are urgently needed to minimize total door-to-balloon times.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in sickle cell disease
Authors: O. Kucuk, A. Gilman‐Sachs, K. Beaman, L. J. Lis, M. P. Westerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Antiphospholipid antibody formation can be induced in mice by phospholipid in a hexagonal II phase but not by phospholipid in a bilayer phase. Since sickle red cell membranes have increased hexagonal II phase content, we have measured serum antiphospholipid antibody levels in 25 patients with sickle cell disease to determine whether anti‐phospho‐lipid antibody may similarly be induced in these patients. Seventeen of the 25 patients (68%) had increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Eleven patients (65%) had IgG and six each (35%) had IgM and IgA isotypes. Antiphosphatidylethanolamine, antiphos‐phatidylserine, antiphosphatidylinositol, and antiphosphatidic acid were the most frequently increased antibodies. The finding of increased antiphospholipid antibodies in these patients is compatible with the concept that antiphospholipid antibody formation is associated with structural changes in the red cell membrane and that such structural changes occur in the red cells of patients with sickle cell disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of flurbiprofen and aspirin in soft tissue trauma.
Authors: D. S. Muckle
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

A double blind study using flurbiprofen (2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl propionic acid) 150 mg daily and soluble aspirin (3.6 g daily) for 5 days immediately after injury, was carried out in 52 soft tissue injuries to the lower limb in professional sportsmen. Flurbiprofen was more effective than aspirin in producing analgesia (when daily pain scores were considered) after day 2 (p less than 0.02); and flurbiprofen produced a more effective resolution of soft tissue trauma when days to training and match play were considered (p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effects of flurbiprofen on prostaglandin biosynthesis and tissue action are mentioned and the use of anti-inflammatory agents given immediately after soft tissue injuries discussed.
Appearance of Recurrent Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ezgi Basak Erdoğan, Sertac Asa, Sabire Yilmaz Aksoy, Meftune Ozhan, Metin Halac
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Primary cardiac sarcomas are extremely rare tumors. In this case report, we presented the condition of a 37-year-old male patient diagnosed with myxofibrosarcoma after histopathologic evaluation of the left atrium mass excision. FDG PET/CT was performed and showed recurrent hypermetabolic lesions in the left atrial wall and right anterior mediastinal region.
Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitative care after fractures of the proximal femur in elderly women: a randomised clinical trial.
Authors: D. C. Kennie, J. Reid, I. R. Richardson, A. A. Kiamari, C. Kelt
Journal: BMJ (1988)

OBJECTIVE--To compare postoperative collaborative care between orthopaedic surgeons and physicians in geriatric medicine with routine orthopaedic care in elderly women with proximal femoral fracture. DESIGN--Exclusion of patients dying before fit enough to enter trial, those with pathological fractures, those likely to be discharged within seven days of entering the trial, and those remaining unfit for transfer to a peripheral hospital. Remainder allocated to two groups: treatment group and control group. SETTING--District hospital acute admission ward and rehabilitation ward. PATIENTS--144 sequentially admitted elderly women with proximal fracture of the femur; 36 excluded on above criteria and remainder entered into trial. INTERVENTION--Both treatment and control groups (n = 54 in each) received physiotherapy and other services. The treatment group also received thrice weekly supervision by a geriatrician. END POINTS--Physical independence, residence after discharge, and length of hospital stay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--At discharge significantly more patients in treatment group were independent in terms of activities of daily living than controls (41 v 25) and their median stay was 24 days (range 8-197) compared with 41 (9-365) (95% confidence intervals for difference 2 to 25). Significantly fewer treatment patients were discharged to institutional care (10% v 32%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 37%) and more to their own homes (63% v 38%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 44%). These beneficial effects were consistent across a range of ages and mental state. CONCLUSIONS--Both hospital and patient benefited when postoperative rehabilitation was provided in a setting specialising in such care for elderly patients with trauma.
REAL PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Gaetano M. De Ferrari, Alberto Somaschini, Stefano Cornara, Gabriele Crimi, Andrea Baldo, Claudia Pavesi, Silvia Pica, Marco Ferlini, Rita Camporotondo, Massimiliano Gnecchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)