tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis: C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during initial treatment.
Authors: R S Amos, R A Crockson, A P Crockson, L Walsh, B McConkey
Journal: BMJ (1978)

pressure was 145/105 mm Hg.One year later she complained of episodic headaches, chest pain, palpitations, and blanching of the hands.Urinary catecholamine and vanillylmandelic acid concentrations were normal.For the next three years she had recurrent abdominal pains and episodes of anxiety associated with pallor.In January 1977 she was given propranolol 40 mg twice daily for hypertension.Several weeks later she attended another hospital with acute pulmonary oedema.Her presenting blood pressure was 130,90 mm Hg.She also had symptoms similar to the previous paroxysms.Urinary catecholamine concentrations were high.When first seen at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, her blood pressure was 110/80 mm Hg.This rose to 190/130 mm Hg on firm palpation of the right loin.She was placed on both alpha-and beta-adrenergic blocking agents.Arteriography showed a rounded mass medial to the right kidney.At exploration a phaeochromocytoma 5 cm in diameter was excised.Although her blood pressure was unstable intraoperatively her postoperative course was relatively uneventful.She has since remained normotensive on no medication.
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF ACCESSORY PATHWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH THE WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME: THE POST-ABLATION MORTALITY AND RISK OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Rune Borregaard, Peter Lukac, Lars Pedersen, Dorthe Svenstrup Moller, Christian Gerdes, Jens Nielsen, Henrik Kjaerulf Jensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes vascular inflammation and increases atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice
Authors: Konstantinos A. Polyzos, Olga Ovchinnikova, Martin Berg, Roland Baumgartner, Hanna Agardh, John Pirault, Anton Gisterå, Alice Assinger, Andres Laguna-Fernandez, Magnus Bäck, Göran K. Hansson, Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the retention and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein in the artery, leading to maladaptive response of cells from the immune system and vessel wall. Strong evidence implicates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with immune regulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in different diseases. However, the role of IDO and the endogenous degradation of Trp have never been directly examined in atherosclerosis development. We used the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-Trp (1-MT) to determine the role of IDO-mediated Trp metabolism in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Apoe−/− mice were treated with 1-MT in drinking water for 8 weeks. Systemic IDO inhibition led to a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions that were ∼58 and 54% larger in the aortic arch and root, respectively. 1-MT treatment enhanced vascular inflammation, up-regulated VCAM-1 and CCL2, and increased CD68 macrophage accumulation into the plaque. Notably, the rise in VCAM-1 expression was not limited to the plaque but also found in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the tunica media. Furthermore, we found that IDO-dependent Trp metabolism by SMCs regulates VCAM-1 expression, and that 1-MT-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation can be reversed by exogenous administration of the Trp metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). IDO-mediated Trp metabolism regulates vascular inflammation and plaque formation in hypercholesterolaemic Apoe−/− mice. Our data establish that this pathway plays a major role in the pathological process of atherogenesis.
Glutathione cycle activity and pyridine nucleotide levels in oxidant-induced injury of cells.
Authors: I U Schraufstätter, D B Hinshaw, P A Hyslop, R G Spragg, C G Cochrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Exposure of target cells to a bolus of H2O2 induced cell lysis after a latent period of several hours, which was prevented only when the H2O2 was removed within the first 30 min of injury by addition of catalase. This indicated that early metabolic events take place that are important in the fate of the cell exposed to oxidants. In this study, we described two early and independent events of H2O2-induced injury in P388D1 macrophagelike tumor cells: activation of the glutathione cycle and depletion of cellular NAD. Glutathione cycle and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) were activated within seconds after the addition of H2O2. High HMPS activity maintained glutathione that was largely reduced. However, when HMPS activity was inhibited--by glucose depletion or by incubation at 4 degrees C--glutathione remained in the oxidized state. Total pyridine nucleotide levels were diminished when cells were exposed to H2O2, and the breakdown product, nicotinamide, was recovered in the extracellular medium. Intracellular NAD levels fell by 80% within 20 min of exposure of cells to H2O2. The loss of NADP(H) and stimulation of the HMPS could be prevented when the glutathione cycle was inhibited by either blocking glutathione synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or by inhibiting glutathione reductase with (1,3-bis) 2 chlorethyl-1-nitrosourea. The loss of NAD developed independently of glutathione cycle and HMPS activity, as it also occurred in BSO-treated cells.
Monitoring exposure to 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) through the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of adducts to hemoglobin.
Authors: E Bailey, A G Brooks, P B Farmer, B Street
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is widely used as a curing agent in the plastics industry. The determination of the covalently bound reaction products to hemoglobin (Hb) has been investigated as a biomonitoring method for occupational exposure to this potential human carcinogen. Initial studies using the 14C-ring-labeled MOCA showed that 24 hr after a single IP dosage to rats (3.74 mumole/kg), 0.08% of the administered dose was adducted to the Hb, and base hydrolysis liberated 38% of the bound radioactivity. The only product released on hydrolysis was the parent diamine. A specific and sensitive assay procedure using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed for determining the base-released MOCA adduct down to levels of 20 pmole/g Hb. This method has been used to establish a linear dose-response relationship in IP dosed rats between production of the adduct and dose of MOCA (3.74-44.94 mumole/kg). It is proposed to use analysis of the Hb adduct as a dosimeter for industrial workers exposed to MOCA.
Abstract 4931: Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: Symmetric division, niche size, and invasive tumor morphology
Authors: Heiko Enderling, Lynn Hlatky, Philip Hahnfeldt
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In recent years cancer stem cells have been identified as a minor subpopulation in numerous solid tumors that drives tumor initiation, development and metastasis. Although cancer stem cells have yet to be reliably isolated, populations enriched for tumor-initiating cells give an indication of the order of magnitude of the stem cells niche within primary tumors. Here we develop and discuss the predictions of a simple theoretical model of cancer stem cells and tumor growth dynamics. We evaluate the impact of cancer stem cell symmetric/asymmetric division and progeny cancer cell proliferation capacity on tumor progression and morphology. The model predicts that the frequency of symmetric cancer stem cell division determines the resulting stem cell pool size, and that the symmetric division frequency and the stem cell fraction are both typically small, consistent with the cancer stem cell hypothesis. At the same time, we show that intrinsic competition for space and environmental confinement can lead to an increasing stem cell fraction over time despite a fixed, low symmetric division probability. These findings offer a novel explanation for the apparent differences in reported stem cell numbers for different tumors as well as tumors of the same organ, and thus challenging the hypothesis of a fixed stem cell ratio for different tumors. The pivotal role of stem cell division strategies and stem cell ratio on spatio-temporal morphology evolution and self-organizing tumor patterning is discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4931. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4931
EPIGASTRIC MURMUR CAUSED BY A DISPLACED DISTENDED GALL BLADDER.
Authors: C. M. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Epigastric murmurs are well known to be of both intravascular and extravascular origin. Thus any tumors which lie over the artery, e. g., a pyloric or pancreatic carcinoma may press on this vessel and give rise to systolic murmur or to a marked visible localized pulsation. Hence it has become a well-recognized clinical custom to examine patients who present localized pulsations and murmurs of doubtful origin in the knee-chest position. I wish, however, to report a case in which localized pulsation which was actually expansile, together with a systolic bruit, were present in the epigastric region, these signs being due to a distended, displaced gall bladder. The key to the diagnosis lay in the disappearance and reappearance of these signs coincident with the partial emptying and refilling of the cystic swelling. Operation demonstrated the mesial position of the gall bladder. After operation the murmur disappeared, and an autopsy some months
Prognostic sub-classifications of T1 cutaneous melanomas based on ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark level of invasion. Results of a population-based study from the Swedish Melanoma Register
Authors: D.C. Whiteman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Prognostic sub‐classifications of T1 cutaneous melanomas based on ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark level of invasion. Results of a population‐based study from the Swedish Melanoma Register Get access D.C. Whiteman D.C. Whiteman Cancer Control Group Queensland Institute of Medical Research Royal Brisbane Hospital Locked Bag 2000 Herston Qld 4029 Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 168, Issue 4, 1 April 2013, Pages 685–686, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12296 Published: 01 April 2013
Affirmative action: the lessons for health care
Authors: F Sassi, J Carrier, J Weinberg
Journal: BMJ (2004)

be the legal representative or anyone nominated by the health service body providing care to the patient.The substantial ethical and legal problems of including incapacitated adults in research projects have been widely discussed in the last decade by, for example, the BMA, the Law Society, and the Law Commission.None of these bodies nor the Scottish Parliament, which has legislated in this area, has ever suggested such a solution. 4The conflicts of interest it presents, and the risks to the safety of patients inherent in giving such power to the nominee of a health service body who may know nothing about the patient, make the proposal quite unethical, and unacceptable to many research ethics committees.Decisions by the Central Office for Research Ethics Committees also threaten the membership and independence of research ethics committees.Committees will no longer be allowed to review protocols on which any of their members are named, even if they take no part in the discussion or decision.Some investigator members of research ethics committees are talking of resigning because they strongly believe in the importance of local review.This possibility is exacerbated by the decision of the Central Office for Research Ethics Committee that only a small minority of local research ethics committees will in future be allowed to review clinical trials: no criteria have been given for how such research ethics committees will be chosen.Taken with micromanagement of research ethics committees by the Central Office for Research Ethics Committees-115 pages of standard operating procedures, for example, with an additional 31 standard letters that research ethics committees must use-that decision is a further encroachment on the independence of research ethics committees.The micromanagement is adding greatly to the workload of administrators of research ethics committees, many of whom are on inappropriately low salary scales.Although academic researchers are obviously concerned at the increased cost and bureaucracy introduced by the directive, they should also be aware that problems with approval from research ethics committees may increase rather than diminish after 1 May.Research ethics committees in the United Kingdom may be held not to be independent and therefore not compliant with good clinical practice, and some members of research ethics committees and administrators may no longer be willing to serve, which might possibly result in the collapse of some research ethics committees.In that case all research, not just clinical trials, would come to a halt in those centres.
Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism with thyroxine alone does not ensure euthyroidism in all tissues, as studied in thyroidectomized rats.
Authors: H F Escobar-Morreale, M J Obregón, F Escobar del Rey, G Morreale de Escobar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have studied whether, or not, tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms provide normal 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations simultaneously in all tissues of a hypothyroid animal receiving thyroxine (T4), an assumption implicit in the replacement therapy of hypothyroid patients with T4 alone. Thyroidectomized rats were infused with placebo or 1 of 10 T4 doses (0.2-8.0 micrograms per 100 grams of body weight per day). Placebo-infused intact rats served as controls. Plasma and 10 tissues were obtained after 12-13 d of infusion. Plasma thyrotropin and plasma and tissue T4 and T3 were determined by RIA. Iodothyronine-deiodinase activities were assayed using cerebral cortex, liver, and lung. No single dose of T4 was able to restore normal plasma thyrotropin, T4 and T3, as well as T4 and T3 in all tissues, or at least to restore T3 simultaneously in plasma and all tissues. Moreover, in most tissues, the dose of T4 needed to ensure normal T3 levels resulted in supraphysiological T4 concentrations. Notable exceptions were the cortex, brown adipose tissue, and cerebellum, which maintained T3 homeostasis over a wide range of plasma T4 and T3 levels. Deiodinase activities explained some, but not all, of the tissue-specific and dose related changes in tissue T3 concentrations. In conclusion, euthyroidism is not restored in plasma and all tissues of thyroidectomized rats on T4 alone. These results may well be pertinent to patients on T4 replacement therapy.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHRONIC PROTEIN INTOXICATION IN ANIMALS TO ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: Warfield T. Longcope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

Such foreign proteins as horse serum and egg-white in the amounts employed in these experiments do not produce evidences of intoxication immediately after injection into rabbits. Single large injections do, however, produce changes in the parenchymatous organs after a period often to twenty-one days. These develop at the time or immediately after the animal has formed antibodies for the foreign proteins. The mechanism of the development of the lesions in the myocardium, liver, and kidneys of rabbits is thus the same, whether a single inoculation is given or whether repeated inoculations are made in sensitized animals. By the latter method, however, much more marked and extensive changes may be produced.
Investigation of papulopustular eruptions caused by cetuximab treatment shows altered differentiation markers and increases in inflammatory cytokines
Authors: S.S. Han, M. Lee, G.H. Park, S.H. Bang, Y.K. Kang, T.W. Kim, J.L. Lee, H.M. Chang, M.H. Ryu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) critically regulates tumour cell division, survival and metastasis. Agents that inhibit EGFR have been used in the treatment of advanced-stage malignancies, but cause variable cutaneous side-effects, most often papulopustular eruptions and xerosis. Objectives We assayed expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1α, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1], differentiation markers (filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin) and phosphorylated EGFRs (pEGFRs) in papulopustular eruptions to determine the association between these markers and the eruptions caused by cetuximab. Patients/methods Twelve papulopustular lesion biopsies were selected from patients with colon cancer who had received cetuximab treatment. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with a confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed. Results Filaggrin expression decreased and expression of involucrin, various inflammatory markers (IL-1α, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR) increased and the expression of pEGFR was markedly downregulated in papulopustular eruptions. In perilesions, decreased pEGFR expression was noted in hair follicles compared with interfollicular epidermis. The increase of IL-1α and TNF-α was observed in perilesions as in the lesions. Conclusions The early inflammatory events (IL-1α and TNF-α expression) seen, and the lack of pEGFR in perilesional follicles, indicate that inflammatory events induced by EGFR inhibition may initiate papulopustular eruptions along with the altered differentiations. The decrease of filaggrin may contribute to the pathogenesis of the xerosis caused by cetuximab.
The Pathology and Surgery of the Veins of the Lower Limb
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The first edition of this work, published in 1956, emphasized the role of valvular incompetence of the communicating veins of the leg in causing varicose veins and stasis ulceration. It is still the informing principle of this second edition, which emphasizes the same two problems. The book opens with an attractive review of the history of the treatment of varicose veins and the anatomy and physiology of the veins of the lower limb. The major part of the work is devoted to spontaneous varicose veins and to thrombophlebitis and postphlebitic problems. Venous anomalies are briefly considered. Many theories are considered to explain the causation of varicose veins of "spontaneous" origin, including the congenital absence of a valve proximal to the saphenous termination, but the authors conclude that heredity and race are most important, in ways not yet known. Main perforator leaks are emphasized as the basic pathologic finding, but the
Bioassaying for ozone with pollen systems.
Authors: W A Feder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Sensitivity to ozone of pollen germinating in vitro is closely correlated with ozone sensitivity of the pollen parent. Ozone-sensitive and tolerant pollen populations have been identified in tobacco, petunia, and tomato cultivars. The rate of tube elongation can be reversibly slowed or stopped by exposure to low concentrations of ozone. Tube growth rates in the presence of a range of ozone dosages, of pollen populations exhibiting differing ozone sensitivity can be measured and different growth rates can be correlated with ozone dosages. The performance of selected pollen populations can then be used to bioassay ozone in ambient air by introducing the air sample into a growth chamber where ozone-sensitive pollen in growing. Petunia and tobacco pollen are especially useful because they store well at ordinary freezer temperatures and do not require special preparation prior to storage. Modified Brewbacker's growth medium is suitable for growth of both these pollen types. Four useful cultivars are Bel W-3, ozone-sensitive and Bel B, ozone-tolerant tobacco, and White Bountiful, ozone-sensitive and Blue Lagoon, ozone-tolerant petunia. Observations can be made directly by using a TV scanner, or by time lapse or interval photography. Year-round pollen production can be achieved in the greenhouse. Harvested pollen can be tested, packaged, and transported to user facilities without loss of vigor. Pollen populations are inexpensive to produce, respond reliably, and are simple to use as a bioassay for air quality.
Prenatal Administration Of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Can Modulate Intestinal Microbiota In Infants At High Risk Of Allergic Disease
Authors: M.L.K. Tang, S.J. Lahtinen, R.J. Boyle, S. Kivivuori, F. Oppedisano, K.R. Smith, R.M. Robins-Browne, S. Salminen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The HALTS Trial — Halting Atherosclerosis or Halted Too Early?
Authors: Roger S. Blumenthal, Erin D. Michos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In patients with elevated cholesterol levels, statin therapy reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events by 25 to 45%. Despite the administration of a statin, many patients require additional lipid-lowering therapy because their target lipid-level goals are not reached or they have a cardiovascular event. Treatment can be intensified through further reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or attempts to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.In this issue of the Journal, Taylor et al.1 report the results of a thought-provoking study of the use of ezetimibe or extended-release niacin in patients who were receiving statin therapy and who had or . . .
One-year Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study of the Casebeer System of Refractive Keratotomy
Authors: George O. Waring, J. Charles Casebeer, Robin M. Dru, Ronald Allen, Charles Moore, Ted Werblin, J. Chandler Berg, Stephen Phillips, William Whitson, J. Charles Casebeer, Francis Price, George Waring, Randall Cole, Peter Rapoza, Robin Dru, Jeffrey Couch, Jeffrey Robin, Judy Gordon, Lanny Hale, Eric Rothchild, Lynn Lasswell, R. Lee Harman, Michael Somers, Patti Lee, Michael Hettinger, Roger Steinert
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)
TEMPORARY MECHANICAL SUBSTITUTE FOR THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN MAN
Authors: Forest D. Dodrill
Journal: JAMA (1952)

By temporary substitution for the left ventricle is meant its complete bypass temporarily by all of the blood that normally passes through it. This is accomplished by withdrawing the blood from the left atrium, passing it through the artificial left heart, and returning it to the aorta by way of the left subclavian artery. The systemic circulation is thereby artificially maintained while the right heart and the lungs continue to perform their functions. <h3>EXPERIMENTAL BACKGROUND</h3> Several investigators have artificially maintained the systemic circulation in animals using methods in which the blood bypasses the left ventricle. Sirak, Ellison, and Zollinger<sup>1</sup>reported on a mechanism with which cardiotomy of the empty left ventricle could be performed. Bypassing of the left ventricle by the blood was used by Kantrowitz and Kantrowitz<sup>2</sup>in experimental animals. Wesolowski and Welch<sup>3</sup>also reported on such a mechanism. We previously reported on our experimental work