tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Throughway Is Different From a Pathway
Authors: John E. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A study by Signer and Crowley 1 appearing in this issue ofThe Journaladdresses important matters related to medical training. The students described seek clinical instruction in the United States to complement or finish their program of medical education while enrolled in foreign medical schools, primarily in the Caribbean Basin or Mexico.  These circumstances are of concern because they differ from the usual entry pathway to clinical experience and differ from the educational relationships common to most US medical schools. The requirements for enrollment, examination of the credentials, and evaluation of the performance of these students are variable. This raises important questions regarding readiness and outcome. Also in question is the comparability of credit derived from such experiences with the credit given students enrolled in an approved program of medical education evaluated by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). Approval by the LCME requires the examination of admissions
Longitudinal study on cat allergen exposure and the development of allergy in young children
Authors: Chih-Mei Chen, Peter Rzehak, Anne Zutavern, Bärbel Fahlbusch, Wolfgang Bischof, Olf Herbarth, Michael Borte, Irina Lehmann, Heidrun Behrendt, Ursula Krämer, H.-Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
WNT/β-catenin signaling is modulated by mechanical ventilation in an experimental model of acute lung injury
Authors: Jesús Villar, Nuria E. Cabrera, Milena Casula, Francisco Valladares, Carlos Flores, Josefina López-Aguilar, Lluis Blanch, Haibo Zhang, Robert M. Kacmarek, Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
The Stages of Human Development Before Birth; An Introduction to Human Embryology
Authors: J. H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Students of embryology can appreciate the tremendous amount of time and energy which was expended on this very thorough book. The format is, on the whole, excellent, with short paragraphs of discussion in both German and English on one page facing photographs or sketches of different developmental phases of the human embryo. One criticism of this method of presentation, however, should be mentioned. The numbering of the figures is such that they frequently are separated by as much as several pages from the text. This is a minor annoyance to the reader but understandable when the comprehensiveness of this tome is considered. The main emphasis is on the developmental stages of the first 2 months of embryonic life. As a result, a pictorial survey of this early phase is given for the first time. There is a short bibliography at the end of the presentation, as well as a very
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology
Authors: Arthur Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: The Oxford Textbook of Clinical HepatologyArthur Harris, MD and Martin Black, MDArthur Harris, MDTemple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140.Search for more papers by this author and Martin Black, MDTemple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Oxford Textbook of Clinical HepatologyNeil McIntyre, Jean-Pierre Benhamou, Johannes Bircher, Mario Rizzetto, and Juan Rodes; eds. 1630 pages. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991. $295.00.The rapid and unprecedented growth of knowledge in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease has produced an abundance of new textbooks on the subject. Perhaps this is because hepatology, until about 20 years ago, had few ways to treat specific (especially chronic) conditions and was primarily an academic, diagnostic discipline. With the advent and success of liver transplantation and the introduction of effective therapies for a range of inflammatory parenchymal disorders, physicians have begun ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 831KeywordsAscitesBiliary systemGastroenterology and hepatologyHepatitis CLiver diseasesLiver transplantationPathogenesisPortal hypertensionSurgeonsSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mast Cells in Tumor Microenvironment Promotes the <i>In Vivo</i> Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: David Z. Chang, Ying Ma, Baoan Ji, Huamin Wang, Defeng Deng, Yan Liu, James L. Abbruzzese, Yong-jun Liu, Craig D. Logsdon, Patrick Hwu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. No effective therapy is currently available for PDAC because of the lack of understanding of the mechanisms leading to its growth and development. Inflammatory cells, particularly mast cells, have been shown to play key roles in some cancers. We carried out this study to test the hypothesis that mast cells in the tumor microenvironment are essential for PDAC tumorigenesis. Experimental Design: The presence of inflammatory cells at various stages of PDAC development was determined in a spontaneous mouse model of PDAC (K-rasG12V). The importance of mast cells was determined using orthotopically implanted PDAC cells in mast cell–deficient Kitw-sh/w-sh mice and further confirmed by reconstitution of wild-type bone marrow–derived mast cells. Clinical relevance was assessed by correlating the presence of mast cells with clinical outcome in patients with PDAC. Results: In the spontaneous mouse model of PDAC (K-rasG12V), there was an early influx of mast cells to the tumor microenvironment. PDAC tumor growth was suppressed in mast cell–deficient Kitw-sh/w-sh mice, but aggressive PDAC growth was restored when PDAC cells were injected into mast cell–deficient mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow–derived mast cells. Mast cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment was predictive of poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Conclusions: Mast cells play an important role in PDAC growth and development in mouse models and are indicative of poor prognosis in humans, which makes them a potential novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7015–23. ©2011 AACR.
Interleukin 17 as a novel predictor of vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: W. Marder, S. Khalatbari, J. D. Myles, R. Hench, S. Yalavarthi, S. Lustig, R. Brook, M. J. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with enhanced cardiovascular (CV) risk and subclinical vascular disease. The proinflammatory milieu has been linked to premature atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in RA. While interleukin 17 (IL-17) is considered pathogenic in RA, its role in determining vascular dysfunction in this disease has not been systematically assessed. <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyse candidate variables that might determine endothelial function in various vascular territories in a cohort of patients with RA receiving treatment with biological agents, with minimal traditional CV risk factors and low disease activity score. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with RA (n=50) receiving stable treatment with biological agents underwent measurement of conduit artery endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation; arterial compliance by pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment; and endothelium-dependent microvascular testing with Endo-Pat2000 device to assess the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI). IL-17 was quantified by ELISA and disease activity was assessed by 28-joint count Disease Activity Score. <h3>Results</h3> IL-17 was the main determinant of lower RHI in univariate and multivariate analysis. Traditional and non-traditional CV risk variables determined PWV, with a signifi cant positive association with IL-17 in univariate and multivariate analysis. In contrast, conduit endothelial function was mainly determined by rheumatoid factor titres in univariate and multivariate analysis. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide titres, specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biological agents and disease activity did not determine vascular function. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with RA treated with biological agents, IL-17 is a main predictor of microvascular function and arterial compliance. This study suggests that IL-17 may play a significant role in development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in RA.
Variation in Readmission by Hospital After Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Donald J. Lucas, Aslam Ejaz, Danielle A. Bischof, Eric B. Schneider, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Hospital readmission after colorectal surgery is common, with reported 30-day readmission rates ranging from 10% to 14%. Readmission has become a major hospital quality metric, but it is unclear whether there is much difference in readmission among hospitals after appropriate risk adjustment.To assess the variability in risk-adjusted readmission rates among hospitals after colorectal surgery.We performed a hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis of observational data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, a nationally representative cancer registry. We studied 44,822 patients who underwent colorectal resection for cancer at 1401 US hospitals from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2002.Variation in risk-adjusted 30-day readmission among hospitals.The median age of the study patients was 78 years (interquartile range [IQR], 72-83 years). The overall 30-day readmission rate was 12.3% (n = 5502). Looking at hospitals that performed at least 5 operations annually, we found marked variation in raw readmission rates, with a range of 0% to 41.2% (IQR, 9.5%-14.8%). However, after adjusting for patient characteristics, comorbidities, and operation types in a hierarchical model, no significant variability was found in readmission rates among hospitals, with a range of 11.3% to 13.2% (IQR, 12.1%-12.4%). Furthermore, the 95% CI for hospital-specific readmission overlapped the overall mean at every hospital.Little risk-adjusted variation exists in hospital readmission rates after colorectal surgery. The use of readmission rates as a high-stakes quality measure for payment adjustment or public reporting across surgical specialties should proceed cautiously and must include appropriate risk adjustment.
Cancer of the Breast Treated by Injection of Alcohol
Authors: W. Yeats
Journal: BMJ (1897)

ance of throat disease in teachers working under such conditions, and the comparative immunity of those not so circumstanced; (b) the history of certain cases in which the incep- tion of the throat lesion could be traced; and (c) the state- ments of experienced teachers themselves.It seemed prob- able, also, that the other influences mentioned above co- operated to produce laryngeal or pharyxigeal disease.
TCT-622 Assessment of Noninvasive Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve Before and After Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Oytun A. Baykan, Gulhan Y. Kalkan, Durmus Y. Sahin, Zafer Elbasan, Mustafa Gur, Taner Seker, Caner Turkoglu, Murat Cayli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Case 14-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Harvey R. Colten, Allen Lapey, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old man came to the hospital because of chronic pulmonary disease and infertility.The patient was healthy until the age of eight years, when he began to have repeated bouts of purulent sinusitis and pneumonia. Between these episodes he had a mild chronic cough productive of about 30 ml of grayish sputum daily. Ten years before admission x-ray films of the paranasal sinuses were normal except that the right maxillary antrum was slightly reduced in size; no evidence of bone destruction was observed. An x-ray film of the chest disclosed hyperexpansion with a patchy infiltrate in . . .
Human megakaryoblastic cell line, MEG-01, produces thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC): possible involvement of platelets in allergic inflammation
Authors: Hisashi Nishimori, Takao Fujisawa, Yoshiko Kato, Yoshihiro Komada, Hitoshi Kamiya, Takashi Nakayama, Osamu Yoshie
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Exercise-Induced Asthma
Authors: Arthur Kavanaugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 July 1990Exercise-Induced AsthmaArthur Kavanaugh, MDArthur Kavanaugh, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-2-170_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The report by Kraus and colleagues (1) documenting the frequent occurrence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in runners raises the hypothesis that this association might contribute to the pathophysiology of another exercise-related condition, exercise-induced asthma.Exercise has long been recognized as a stimulus of airway obstruction in patients with asthma. Although several studies have shown the etiologic importance of exercise-induced airway heat and water loss to subsequent bronehoconstriction, these factors may not entirely explain the association. It has been shown that both the intensity and type of exercise may determine the severity of exercise-induced asthma (2). Among the...References1. KrausSinclairCastell BJD. Gastroesophageal reflux in runners: characteristics and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:429-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NoviskiBar-yishayGUTGodfrey NEIS. Exercise intensity determines and climatic conditions modify the severity of exercise-induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:592-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SpaiddingMansfieldStein HLM. Further investigation of the association between gastroesophageal reflux and bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982;69:516-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HarperBergnerKaye PAM. Antireflux treatment for asthma: improvement in patients with associated gastroesophageal reflux. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:56-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SontagO'ConnellGreenlee SSH. Is gastroesophageal reflux a factor in some asthmatics? Am J Gastroenterol. 1987;82:119-26. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur Kavanaugh, MDAffiliations: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75235-8886 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe effect of medical clowns on performance of spirometry among preschool aged children 15 July 1990Volume 113, Issue 2Page: 170-170KeywordsAsthmaExerciseGastroesophageal reflux disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Pressure Increase Due to Hydrostatic Pressure of Perfluorocarbon Is Not Obvious as Sensed by Pulmonary Stretch Receptors
Authors: Richard Sindelar, Esther Rieger-Fackeldey, Gunnar Sedin, Anders Jonzon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

A pressure increase due to hydrostatic pressure of perfluorocarbon is not obvious as sensed by pulmonary stretch receptors
NEGATIVE REACTIONS TO ICE IN COLD URTICARIA
Authors: I. SARKANY, P. M. GAYLARDE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

SUMMARY.— Three patients with a history of cold urticaria and with negative reactions to ice are reported. In 1 patient, local application of cold water reproduced the urticaria, but in the 2 others, body cooling was also required to evoke a reaction. It is suggested that central factors rather than skin temperature alone play a major role in these cases.
Effect of gender on the outcome of patients with severe heart failure treated with carvedliol: results of the COPERNICUS study
Authors: Michal P. Tendera, Andrew J. Coats, Michael B. Fowler, Hugo A. Katus, Paul Mohacsi, Jean L. Rouleau, Henry Krum, Ildiko Amann-Zalan, Neil H. Shusterman, Ellen B. Roecker, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
AMA, Pharmaceutical Association Form 'Solid Front' on Gift-Giving Guidelines
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

MORE THAN 5 months have passed since the American Medical Association's (AMA's) House of Delegates adopted, without dissent, the report "Gifts to Physicians From Industry," crafted by the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs in response to widespread concern within the medical profession (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:501). On December 6,1990, 2 days after the AMA delegates adopted the report, the 100-plus—member Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) also incorporated the guidelines into its ethics code of marketing practices. Now that physicians and pharmaceutical companies concur, at least on paper, as to how they will interact with each other, many observers are waiting to see the extent to which pharmaceutical companies will modify their marketing practices. Skeptics insist that the guidelines are destined to fail without any legislative muscle to back them up in the highly competitive pharmaceutical marketplace. <h3>Companies Voice Support</h3> However, observers from both the industry and the medical community say the guidelines
Complete resolution of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension following chemotherapy
Authors: Lars Harbaum, Jan K. Hennigs, Hans J. Baumann, Carsten Bokemeyer, Horst Olschewski, Hans Klose
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare, chronically progressive disease associated with high mortality. Despite remarkable achievements in treatment, prognosis remains poor with a survival rate of ∼60% 3 years after diagnosis [1]. The clinical course of the disease (short survival and no cure), as well as its pathophysiological aspects, reveals analogies between IPAH and neoplastic diseases [2]. Abnormalities of pulmonary vasomotor tone only partly explain the mechanism of IPAH and more irrevocable changes, such as resistance to apoptotic signals of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, may lead to abnormal angioproliferation and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance [3].

We report on a 37-year-old female who presented to our pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) referral centre (University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) with severe exercise intolerance in 2000. Her past medical history, drug history and laboratory examinations, including serology for HIV and autoimmune diseases, were unremarkable. Parenchymal lung disease, hepato-splenomegaly or adenopathy were not present on the computed tomography (CT) scan at this time. Right heart catheterisation demonstrated severe pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, with a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 65 mmHg, right atrial pressure of 8 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of 6 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance of 863 dyn·s−1·cm−5, cardiac index of 3.01 L·min−1·m−2 and pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation of 70%. The patient did not respond to an inhaled vasodilatator during diagnostic catheterisation. A full diagnostic work-up, including ventilation/perfusion scanning and pulmonary angiography, ruled out other aetiologies, such as chronic thromboembolic disease, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) or polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder and skin …
Reply to Vandijck et al.
Authors: Sebastián Iribarren-Diarasarri, Felipe Aizpuru-Barandiaran, Tomás Muñoz-Martínez, Ángel Loma-Osorio, Marianela Hernández-López, José María Ruiz-Zorrilla, Carlos Castillo-Arenal, Juan Luis Dudagoitia-Otaolea, Sergio Martínez-Alutiz, Cristina Vinuesa-Lozano
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Carcinoma of the Parathyroid with Hyperparathyroidism and Metastases
Authors: Albert Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1961)

FUNCTIONAL CARCINOMA of the parathyroid gland is a rare disease. Based on criteria of endocrine hyperactivity and metastases or recurrent tumor, less than 30 cases have been reported in the literature.1,2,3,5,6Albright and Reifenstein5accepted only 3 cases up to 1948. The following case report of carcinoma of the parathyroid is of interest because the patient's severe clinical symptoms of hyperparathyroidism recurring 2 years after the removal of the primary tumor were associated with widespread cervical metastases.  Report of a Case  A 53-year-old man was admitted to St. Mary Hospital, Hoboken, N. J., for the first time in September, 1958, complaining of pain in the ankles, nausea, vomiting, and weakness of 2 months' duration. Pain in the tibial region was increased and was so severe that he had difficulty in walking.  Physical examination on admission revealed a chronically ill, short, stocky white male with a pulse rate
Imaging of Irradiated Liver with Tc-99m-Sulfur Colloid and Tc-99m-IDA
Authors: MICHAEL J. GELFAND, SUBHASH SAHA, BERNARD S. ARON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

In three cases, irradiated regions of liver failed to concentrate Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In two of these three, imaging with Tc-99m-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents within five days showed near normal hepatic uptake of this henatobiliary imaging agent. The hepatic parenchymal cells may be imaged with Tc-99m-IDA in some irradiated regions of liver, despite loss of reticuloendothelial cell function.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Hemangiomas of the Liver
Authors: Won C. Park
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Five cases of nonresectable hemangioma of the liver were treated with radiation therapy. Four of the five patients had good results with both control of disease and preservation of normal liver function. We suggest that radiation therapy provides an effective method of managing nonresectable hemangiomas of the liver or those resectable hemangiomas where there is an appreciable operative risk.
Melioration and addiction
Authors: Alasdair I. Houston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract I discuss various theoretical issues concerning maximizing, matching, and melioration. The model of addiction based on melioration has the key feature that a reduction in drag use increases both the value of drag-taking and the value of conventional activities. I found Heyman's target article stimulating. I don't feel competent to comment on drags but I do have some thoughts, both general and specific, on the theoretical issues.