tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1157: Differential effects of aluminum exposure on epithelial and mesenchymal cells
Authors: Manar A. AbdelMageed, Parthena Foltopoulou, Monica Betancur-Boissel, Elizabeth A. McNiel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Aluminium [Al(III)] is the third most abundant element as well as the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. The human population is exposed to Al throughout daily life; in drinking water, food, via application of antiperspirants, use of antacids and vaccination. However, aluminum exposure has been linked to a variety of pathological disorders like anemia, osteomalacia , hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In addition, studies report that aluminum levels are higher in tumors, including breast cancers than in surrounding normal tissues. This suggests that aluminum accumulation may provide some selective advantage to the tumor. Methods/Results:To determine how aluminum affects cells that reside in mammary tissue, we studied the in vitro effects of Al exposure on human mammary epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Cells used in our study included hTERT-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), the immortalized human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF10A), hTERT-immortalized reduction mammary fibroblasts (RMF/EG) and a dermal-derived human fibroblast cell line (MSU1.1). Using the MTT assay we found that AlCl3 and AlOH3 salts inhibit the growth of the mammary epithelial cells causing complete inhibition of proliferation at doses around 1mM and decreased proliferation was observed at doses as low as 12.8 uM. Surprisingly at these doses, Al salts caused dose-dependent increase in proliferation the mesenchymal cells. The proliferative effect of Al on mesenchymal cells was confirmed using clonogenic assay. Flow cytometric evaluation of cell cycle using PI/BrdU incorporation demonstrated that in MSU1.1 cells exposed to AlOH3 for 48 hrs, the percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle nearly doubled as compared to untreated cells (P &amp;lt;0.05). Similar results were seen with AlCl3 treatment of MSU1.1 and AlOH3/AlCl3 treatment of RMF/EG cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that while Al salts induce dose dependent cytotoxicity in human epithelial cell lines, they induce proliferation of mesenchymal cells. The tumor microenvironment, including a proliferative stroma, is known to facilitate mammary carcinogenesis. Our data suggest that Al accumulation could promote the development of a permissive microenvironment. We are currently seeking to determine the mechanism for the differential effect of Al in cells and whether this effect influences transformation or carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Manar A. AbdelMageed, Parthena Foltopoulou, Monica Betancur-Boissel, Elizabeth A. McNiel. Differential effects of aluminum exposure on epithelial and mesenchymal cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1157. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1157
Parenting during Residency
Authors: Kwan Kew Lai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 November 1990Parenting during ResidencyKwan Kew Lai, MDKwan Kew Lai, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-809_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In requesting that married women residents plan ahead and have children after residency training, Odell and colleagues (1) showed their lack of concern for the future careers of these women. They also showed their lack of understanding of both the reality of job-hunting after a sojourn from medicine and the enormous financial indebtedness faced by most residents at that time.For women opting for further training, requesting at the fellowship interview a year off for parenting may not be considered "acceptable," except perhaps by the most understanding of directors. Sharing personal and intimate wishes on reproductive choices...References1. OdellWilliamsStults WHB. Planning parental leave [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:553. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Parental leave for residents. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:1035-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kwan Kew Lai, MDAffiliations: University of Massachusetts Worcester, MA 01655 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1990Volume 113, Issue 10Page: 809-809KeywordsChildrenFellowshipsForecastingResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dissociation and redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from its surface membrane actin cytoskeletal complex during cellular ATP depletion.
Authors: B A Molitoris, A Geerdes, J R McIntosh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Establishment and maintenance of a polar distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase is essential for efficient Na+ reabsorption by proximal tubule cells and is dependent upon the formation of a metabolically stable, detergent-insoluble complex of Na+,K(+)-ATPase with the actin membrane cytoskeleton. The present studies show that cellular ATP depletion results in a rapid duration-dependent dissociation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from the actin cytoskeleton and redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase to the apical membrane. During ATP depletion, total cellular Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was unaltered, but the Triton-X-100-insoluble fraction (cytoskeleton associated) of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity decreased (P less than 0.01), with a corresponding increase in the detergent-soluble fraction of Na+,K(+)-ATPase (P less than 0.01). Indirect immunofluorescent studies of cells with depleted ATP revealed a redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from the basolateral membrane into the apical membrane and throughout the cytoplasm. ATP depletion also resulted in the redistribution of F-actin from a primarily cortical concentration to a perinuclear location. There was also a rapid, duration-dependent conversion of monomeric G-actin to F-actin starting during the first 5 min of ATP depletion. Taken together, these data suggest that ATP depletion causes profound alterations in cell polarity by inducing major changes in the actin cytoskeletal architecture.
Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality
Authors: D. Pittet
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the excess length of stay, extra costs, and mortality attributable to nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients.Pairwise-matched (1:1) case-control study.Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a tertiary health care institution.All patients admitted in the SICU between July 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990, were eligible. Cases were defined as patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection; controls were selected according to matching variables in a stepwise fashion.Matching variables were primary diagnosis for admission, age, sex, length of stay before the day of infection in cases, and total number of discharge diagnoses. Matching was successful for 89% of the cohort; 86 matched case-control pairs were studied.Crude and attributable mortality, excess length of hospital and SICU stay, and overall costs.Nosocomial bloodstream infection complicated 2.67 per 100 admissions to the SICU during the study period. The crude mortality rates from cases and controls were 50% and 15%, respectively (P < .01); thus, the estimated attributable mortality rate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 25% to 45%). The median length of hospital stay significantly differed between cases and controls (40 vs 26 days, respectively; P < .01). When only matched pairs who survived bloodstream infection were considered (n = 41), cases stayed in the hospital a median of 54 days vs 30 days for controls (P < .01), and cases stayed in the SICU a median of 15 days vs 7 days for controls (P < .01). Thus, extra hospital and SICU length of stay attributable to bloodstream infection was 24 and 8 days, respectively. Extra costs attributable to the infection averaged $40,000 per survivor.The attributable mortality from nosocomial bloodstream infection is high in critically ill patients. The infection is associated with a doubling of the SICU stay, an excess length of hospital stay of 24 days in survivors, and a significant economic burden.
Ocular and Periocular Trauma: A Slide-Tape Presentation of the Wilmer Institute
Authors: Christopher F. Blodi
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Shortly after World War II, Derick Vail, the eminent Chicago ophthalmologist, pointed out the critical role that should be played by the eye surgeon in caring for ocular trauma patients. Ocular trauma is still a leading cause of blindness in this country. The authors of<i>Ocular and Periocular Trauma</i>have produced a slide, tape, and text presentation to help eye surgeons learn more sophisticated and rational intraoperative approaches to ocular trauma. The presentation is composed of a set of 200 slides with an accompanying text (which is also on cassette tape). The clinical slides are of excellent quality and the schematic slides present the authors' points in a direct fashion. The text itself is a concise one, full of precise recommendations. For instance, specific needles and sutures are recommended for the repair of certain injuries. The presentation is divided into three portions: anterior-segment trauma, posterior-segment trauma, and periocular trauma. The
Aerosol Beclomethasone Treatment of Chronic Severe Asthma
Authors: Stephen A. Imbeau
Journal: JAMA (1978)

After one year's use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, 43 of 61 asthmatic patients who were originally dependent on oral corticosteroids were able to reduce and 38 to completely eliminate use of oral corticosteroids. Most patients maintained or improved their pulmonary functions. Exacerbation of rhinitis during oral corticosteroid withdrawal and emergence of nasal polyps were problems for 25 patients. Exacerbation of asthma with upper respiratory infection was an important event: 21 patients required supplemental oral corticosteroids to control asthma. Oral candidiasis occurred in only three patients.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Cecil J. Watson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE TERM porphobilinogen (PBG) was introduced by Waldenstrom and Vahlquist 1 to designate the Ehrlich aldehyde-reacting chromogen which Sachs 2 first distinguished from urobilinogen and which characterizes the urine in cases of acute porphyria. The dominantly genetic character of acute intermittent porphyria, as well as its ease of confusion with many other diseases, the protection that may be offered by knowledge of precipitating factors, such as barbiturates, together with newer knowledge about therapy during relapse, emphasize the need of definitive diagnosis.  Historical Background  PBG was first crystallized by Westall 3 and its monopyrrolic structure was soon elucidated by Cookson and Rimington. 4 Subsequent studies have shown that it is an intermediary in heme biosynthesis, although not in evidence under normal circumstances and only rarely in diseases other than porphyria.  In 1941 Watson and Schwartz 5 observed that the Ehrlich aldehyde compound of PBG is not extracted by chloroform, in contradistinction
TCT-224 Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Medical Therapy Versus Coronary Revascularisation in Patients with Intermediate Stenoses Guided by Pressure Wire
Authors: Hongyu Shi, Chi Hang Lee, Mark Chan, Koo Hui Chan, Weiyi Fang, Adrian Low, Huay Cheem Tan, Swee Guan Teo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Efficacy of the Rhesus Rotavirus–Based Quadrivalent Vaccine in Infants and Young Children in Venezuela
Authors: Irene Pérez-Schael, María J. Guntiñas, Mireya Pérez, Vito Pagone, Ana M. Rojas, Rosabel González, Walter Cunto, Yasutaka Hoshino, Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Rotaviruses are the principal known etiologic agents of severe diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. Although a rhesus rotavirus–based quadrivalent vaccine is highly effective in preventing severe diarrhea in developed countries, in developing countries its efficacy has been less impressive. We thus conducted a catchment study in Venezuela to assess the efficacy of the vaccine against dehydrating diarrhea.
Sodium Sensitivity in Normotensive Human Subjects
Authors: FRIEDRICH C. LUFT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Compelling evidence implicates a high sodium intake in the development and maintenance of arterial hypertension. However, dietary sodium restriction reduces blood pressure in only a fraction of hypertensive patients. Studies in normotensive persons suggest that blacks and older persons excrete a sodium load less efficiently than persons of the same sex and race who are also matched for body weight and body surface area. Blacks show a greater natriuresis and decrease in blood pressure in response to volume contraction with furosemide administration than whites. These observations are consistent with an intrinsic renal abnormality in blacks and older persons, resulting in modest volume expansion. Such changes may contribute to sodium sensitivity and promote the development and maintenance of hypertension in persons with a high sodium intake.
Hepatocellular copper toxicity and its attenuation by zinc.
Authors: M L Schilsky, R R Blank, M J Czaja, M A Zern, I H Scheinberg, R J Stockert, I Sternlieb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We studied the mechanisms by which excess copper exerts, and zinc mitigates, toxic effects on HepG2 cells. Survival and cell growth were reduced in media containing greater than 500 microM copper chloride for 48 h; LD50 was 750 microM. At 1,000 microM copper for 1 h, there was a general reduction of protein synthesis, and no recognizable changes in cellular ultrastructure. Incubation of cells with 200 microM zinc acetate before exposure to copper, raised the LD50 for confluent cells to 1,250 microM copper chloride, improved protein synthesis, and increased synthesis of a 10-kD protein, apparently metallothionein. The mitigation, by zinc, of copper's toxicity may in part be mediated through induction of this protein in the hepatocyte.
TB in immigrants is not public health risk, but uncontrolled epidemics are
Authors: Ulf R Dahle
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A tale of two Germanys Health problems in eastern Germany are clearly related to transitionEditor-The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of the end of communism in eastern Europe and in eastern Germany.As McKee and Fister point out, 1 certain constellations of epidemiological and demographic variables characterise the resultant process of political and economic transition: low or even decreasing life expectancy (especially for men) and higher prevalences of alcoholism and obesity.This has happened in the postcommunist Länder (federal states) of eastern Germany.East Germany is different from other east European countries in that its healthcare sector was not deconstructed, with periods of severe dysfunction: it simply adopted the healthcare system of West Germany.Despite this, life expectancy at birth is still lower in eastern Germany than in western Germany, although the difference had diminished at the end of the 1990s. 2 Alcoholic disease is a feature of the typical transition process.The number of people discharged from hospital with alcoholic disease was higher in eastern Germany in 1994 and 1999 than in western Germany. 3 Obesity is another transition related problem and a risk factor for many diseases. 4 The proportion of the population with obesity (body mass index > 29.9) is higher in eastern Germany than in western Germany.This difference has remained for over 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.In the medium term, the situation is set to even out.But it is remarkable that in spite of the same, well equipped (curative) health system, health care does not strongly modify mainly lifestyle linked health effects in a population that is exposed to transition after communism.For eastern Germany, the end of this transition process is in sight.
Kleihauer testing Need not be abandoned
Authors: E M Love, K H Shwe, S J Urbaniak, R Main, N Fraser, J K M Duguid, I M Bromilow, B A Van Dijk, C J M De Man, V A J M Kunst, W G Murphy, S Ghosh, R H Hughes, J I O Craig, I A Greer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

4 Loughran CF.Reporting of fracture radiographs by radio- graphers: the impact of a training programme.Br J Radiol (in press). Kleihauer testingNeed not be abandoned ED1ToR,-We recently conducted a survey of Kleihauer testing in the North Western region, and our findings are similar to those of Jennifer K M Duguid and Imelda Bromilow,' confirming the poor reproducibility and variability of the test as currently performed.We agree with Elizabeth A Letsky and Mahes de Silva that the reasons for the greater failure rate of prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin in Britain compared with other countries require further investigation.'We do not automatically conclude, however, that the recom- mended standard dose of 500 IU for postpartum prophylaxis in Britain should be reviewed.Our study entailed a comparison of Kleihauer testing in hospital with analysis by flow cytometry for the investigation of fetomaternal haemorrhage when the perceived volume was over 4 ml of fetal red cells.Flow cytometry measured Rh D positive cells rather than fetal haemoglobin, which the Kleihauer test measures.Over 12 months we analysed 43 maternal
CUTANEOUS STRAE, PURPURA, HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE, AMENORRHŒA AND OBESITY, OF THE TYPE SOMETIMES CONNECTED WITH CORTICAL TUMOURS OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS, OCCURRING IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY SUCH TUMOUR*—WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE MORPHOGENETIC AND HORMONIC EFFECTS OF TRUE HYPERNEPHROMATA OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX.
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1926)
OUTCOMES OF THE RANDOMIZED EVALUATION OF A SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR OFF-PUMP REPAIR OF THE MITRAL VALVE (RESTOR-MV) TRIAL
Authors: Eugene A. Grossi, Nirav Patel, Y Joseph Woo, Judith Goldberg, Charles Schwartz, Valavanur A. Subramanian, Ted Feldman, Robert C. Bourge, Norman Baumgartner, Christopher Genco, Scott Goldman, Marco A. Zenati, J Alan Wolfe, Yugal K. Mishra, Naresh Trehan, Sanjay Mittal, Shulian Shang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 15586: Null Mutations in APOC3 Are Not Uncommon in the General Population, Confer a Favorable Lipid Profile, and Apparent Cardioprotection
Authors: Anders B Jorgensen, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Borge G Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis and has been implicated in coronary artery disease. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of...
Managing miscarriage medically.
Authors: P Macrow, M Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1993)

12 Gutsche BB. Lumbar epidural analgesia in obstetrics: taps and patches. In: Reynolds F, ed.Epiduralandspinalblockadein obstetrics. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1990:95-106.13 WoolfCJ. Recentadvancesin thepathophysiologyofpain. Br7Anaesth 1989;63:139-46.14 Edelman JD, Wingard DW. Subdural hematomas after lumbar dural puncture. Anesthesiology
History of the Practice of Medicine in Haverhill and Vicinity since 1836 — Based on the Recollections of Fifty Years and the Records of One Hundred Years
Authors: FRANCIS W. ANTHONY
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1931)

Papers and Discussions from The New England Journal of Medicine — History of the Practice of Medicine in Haverhill and Vicinity since 1836 — Based on the Recollections of Fifty Years and the Records of One Hundred Years
FDA is to appeal against ban on importing execution drug
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to go to court to try to secure supplies of drugs for death penalty lethal injections, as a shortage of the medicines causes states to delay executions.

The FDA is appealing against a US district judge’s ruling in March banning it from allowing thiopental sodium to be imported without first ensuring it was safe and effective for its purpose, as required by FDA regulations.

Judge Richard Leon in Washington, DC, ordered the five states that had imported the drug—Arizona, …
Re: Tomasz Rechberger, Konrad Futyma, Katarzyna Jankiewicz, et al. The Clinical Effectiveness of Retropubic (IVS-02) and Transobturator (IVS-04) Midurethral Slings: Randomized Trial. Eur Urol 2009;56:24–30
Authors: Marco Calcagno, Francesco Plotti, Maria Pastore, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Competition for p300 Regulates Transcription by Estrogen Receptors and Nuclear Factor-κB in Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Edith Speir, Zu-Xi Yu, Kazuyo Takeda, Victor J. Ferrans, Richard O. Cannon
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Previous studies suggest that estrogen may prevent expression of cell adhesion molecules implicated in vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. We demonstrate the interaction and reciprocal interference of estrogen receptors (ERs) with p65, the nuclear factor-kappaB component, in smooth muscle cells that express ERalpha and ERss after exposure to 17ss-estradiol for 48 to 72 hours. ER and p65 do not associate directly, as shown by lack of coprecipitation, but instead compete for limiting amounts of p300, a close relative of the CREB-binding protein. Overexpressed p300 significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of ER on p65-dependent transcription as well as the inhibitory effect of p65 on ER-dependent transcription. These actions were ligand-dependent. The expression of both ER and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent reporter genes was partially rescued from ER/p65 mutual inhibition by transient transfection of smooth muscle cells with a p300 expression vector. These actions of 17ss-estradiol may play an important role in the cytokine-induced expression of immune and inflammatory genes implicated in atherogenesis.
Diagnosis of Septic Joint in an Immunosuppressed Patient by Twenty-Four Hour Delayed Imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO Labeled White Blood Cell Scan
Authors: Phillip H. Kuo, David W. Cheng, Rahat Sadar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 64-year-old male with a history of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for lymphoma 10 months earlier presented for evaluation of bacteremia. The white blood cell count was 4,400 cells/microliter with 76% neutrophils. A tagged white blood cell scan was performed to localize the infection. Images obtained 4 hours postinjection of radiolabeled leukocytes displayed no focus of infection, but delayed 24-hour images demonstrated the interval development of markedly increased activity in the left shoulder. Arthrocentesis yielded purulent fluid. We hypothesize that delayed leukocyte migration in this immunosuppressed patient might have accounted for the significant disparity between the standard and delayed scans.
Reply to Michael Froehner's Letter to the Editor re: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Jan Schmitges, et al. Cancer-Specific and Other-Cause Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy Versus Observation in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Competing-Risks Analysis of a Large North American Population-Based Cohort. Eur Urol 2011;60:920–30
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)