tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of topical nitroglycerin on transcutaneous oxygen
Authors: M. ROMANELLI, M. H. KATZ, A. F. ALVAREZ, W. H. EAGLSTEIN, V. FALANGA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The use of topical nitroglycerin has been reported to aid the healing of chronic skin ulcers. In this study, the effect of 2% nitroglycerin ointment on transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) was investigated in skin adjacent to the area of ointment application. Topical nitroglycerin caused a two-fivefold decrease in TcPO2 in skin next to or up to 9 cm away from the site of application of the ointment.
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Daniel B. Hrdy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Daniel B. Hrdy, MD, PhDDaniel B. Hrdy, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Mackowiak [1] presents the interesting hypothesis that if “one accepts preservation of the species, rather than survival of the individual, as the essence of evolution, fever and its mediators might have evolved … for hastening the elimination of fulminantly infected individuals who pose a threat of epidemic disease to the species.”This hypothesis uses the “species benefit fallacy” [2]. As evolutionary biologists have shown [3], natural selection can only act on the individual (or on groups of closely related kin), not on the species. Any individual who died to preserve the species would fail to leave ...References1. Mackowiak PA. Fever: blessing or curse? A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1037-40. Google Scholar2. Trivers R. The group selection fallacy. In: Social Evolution. Menlo Park, New Jersey: Benjamin/Cummings; 1985:76. Google Scholar3. Williams GC. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1966. Google Scholar4. Krebs JR, Davies NB. An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1993:14. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel B. Hrdy, MD, PhDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12Page: 983-984KeywordsBiologistsFeversInfectious diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) locus of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
Authors: E. Hasson, I. N. Wang, L. W. Zeng, M. Kreitman, W. F. Eanes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

DNA sequence variation in a 1.1-kb region including the coding portion of the Tpi locus was examined in 25 homozygous third-chromosome lines of Drosophila melanogaster, nine lines of Drosophila simulans, and one line of Drosophila yakuba. Our data show that the widespread allozyme polymorphism observed in cosmopolitan D. melanogaster is due to a glutamic acid substitution occurring in a phylogenetically conserved lysine that has been identified as part of the "hinged-lid" active site of the enzyme. This observation suggests that the replacement polymorphism may have important functional consequences. One replacement polymorphism was also observed in D. simulans, although its functional relevance is more difficult to assess, since it affects a site that is not strongly conserved. This amino acid change in D. simulans is associated with a single lineage possessing seven unique silent substitutions, which may be indicative of balancing selection or population subdivision. The absence of fixed amino acid differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans and only a single difference with D. yakuba suggests that triose phosphate isomerase is under strong functional constraint. Silent variation is slightly higher for D. melanogaster than for D. simulans. Finally, we outline the general lack of evidence for old balanced polymorphisms at allozyme loci in D. melanogaster.
Sudanese army shuns UN resolution as humanitarian crisis continues
Authors: Karen Hébert
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Junior hospital doctors throughout Europe were supposed to start a new, shorter, 58 hour week from this month.Aimed at improving their working livesand their patients' safety-the European directive aims to reduce the limit further to just 48 hours by 2009.But despite the new rules, many doctors will continue to work long hours.United Kingdom: A recent survey of 100 NHS chief executives by the NHS Confederation, which represents NHS management, showed that 16% did not expect their trusts to have complied with the European Working Time Directive by 1 August.Junior doctors could take their employers to employment tribunals, and hospitals will be liable to fines of up to £5000 ($9200; €7600) from the Health and Safety Executive each time they break the directive.The BMA said that it will support UK doctors who take legal action against employers that do not limit their working hours to those set out in the directive.The NHS has been struggling to meet the requirements of the new directive, but it is not alone in failing to do so fully.Austria: Compliance with
Functional iron deficiency during erythropoietin treatment.
Authors: E. G. Anastassiades, J. Howarth, H. M. Waters, K. Hyde, R. Gokal
Journal: BMJ (1992)

need for long term follow up to determine whether the entity that they have defined represents an early manifestation of dementia or a benign if inconvenient consequence of growing old.'The National Institute of Mental Health's working group of which they were members published its criteria in 1986,3 and yet six years later we still do not know the answer.This information is of more than academic interest as it is bound to affect the risk:benefit ratio of any drug advocated to improve memory in elderly people.Crook and Ferris argue by analogy to presbyopia and its correction by means of lenses.A closer parallel might be the decline in physical prowess with age and its boosting with hormones.Both analogies are likely to be imperfect, and the issue is complex and unlikely to be resolved in the current state of knowledge.We do not automatically oppose the investigation of drugs to improve memory.What we want is more information about the baseline so that a more informed judgment may be made about the risks and benefits of their use.
Induction of Taurocholate Release from Isolated Rat Hepatocytes in Suspension by α-Adrenergie Agents and Vasopressin: Implications for Control of Bile Salt Secretion
Authors: David A. Gewirtz, Joyce K. Randolph, David I. Goldman
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Hepatocytes incubated with 25 μM. [ 3 H]taurocholate rapidly deplete the extracellular medium of [ 3 H]taurocholate and achieve a steady-state level of intracellular bile salt within 15 min. Exposure of cells at steady state ith extracellular taurocholate to the catecholamines norepinephrine or epinephrine results in release of 3 H from the cells into the incubation medium; the 3 H released represents almost exclusively unmetabolized [ 3 H]taurocholate. The hierarchy of effectiveness of the catecholamines, norepinephrine ≈ epinephrine &gt; phenylephrine ≫ isoproterenol, is indicative of an α-adrenergic mechanism. Induction of [ 3 H]taurocholate release by norepinephrine is inhibited by the β-antagonists phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine and by chlorpromazine, but is not affected by the β-antagonist propranolol, further supporting an α-adrenergic basis for this phenomenon. Arginine vasopressin, at concentrations of 1 ± 10 −9 M and greater, also induces bile salt release. Classical α - and β-antagonists have minimal effects on vasopressin induced bile salt release. While the peptide hormones angiotensin and oxytocin are, alone, relatively ineffective inducers of bile salt release, oxytocin potentiates the induction of bile salt release by vasopressin, suggesting complex interactions with membrane receptor function. Further studies assessing the interaction of sympathetic neurotransmitters and peptide hormones with bile salt transport and release in the hepatocyte may provide insight into the regulation of hepatic secretory function in the intact animal.
Tolerability of Human Immunoglobulin 10% Administered Subcutaneously Following Administration of Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) in Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD) Patients
Authors: D. Gelmont, R.L. Wasserman, I. Melamed, M. Stein, A. Rubinstein, B. McCoy, W. Engl, H. Leibl, R.I. Schiff, W.J. Grossman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Widow takes fertility agency to court over storage of husband's sperm
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 28 year old widow is taking legal action in the High Court in London to try to stop her late husband’s frozen sperm being destroyed.

Beth Warren is seeking a declaration from the court that the sperm should be preserved past April 2015, when it will have been stored for 10 years and when the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) says the law bans its further …
In vitro tolerance induction of primed, IgD-negative murine spleen cells.
Authors: S M Walker, W O Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The above observations demonstrated induction of immunological tolerance in vitro in primed IgD-, IgG+ B cells. In these studies, addition of trinitrophenylated (TNP) turkey gammaglobulin (TGG) or TNP ovalbumin conjugates suppressed the secondary in vitro response in mice primed with TNP keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH). Suppression was not a reflection of a shift in kinetics of the antibody response, was not dependent on suppressor T cells, and could only be eliciate when conjugate was added within 4 h of addition of TNP-KLH moreover, preincubation of the primed spleen cells with TNP-TGG for 20 h at 37 degrees C, followed by extensive washing, was as effective in inhibiting the response to TNP-KLH as when TNP-TGG was present throughout the 5 d of culture, reflecting induction of a tolerant state. Amounts of conjugate in the concentration range that have been shown by others to tolerize immature or neonatal B cells or mature B cells that have been stripped of surface IgD were sufficient to induce tolerance. The target cells being tolerized did not bear IgD, as determined by B cell depletion and blocking procedures with anti IgD. Whether the lack of surface IgD on the primed cells contributed to the relative ease of tolerance induction was not established by these studies, but the advantages of using primed B cells to examine further the role of surface IgD in tolerance susceptibility was discussed.
Importance of ovulation in ovarian cancer.
Authors: J Dietl, H P Horny
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The authors claim that factors other than clinical judgment should not affect our decision to do a rectal examination.It is, however, impudent for surgeons, with no apparent input from general practioners and no training on the interaction of the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of patient care, to comment on doctors' attitudes or the attributes of practices.They should focus on their own responsibility-namely, teaching rectal examination to undergraduates.
Adrenoceptors: Molecular Nature and Role in Atopic Diseases
Authors: René Djurup
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Since Szentivanyi proposed the idea that asthma and other atopic diseases are due to a p adrenergic defect there has been much interest in the role of the adrenergic receptors in allergy. The radioactive ligand binding techniques developed within the last few years have greatly increased our knowledge concerning the molecular nature of the adrenoceptors and the events following receptor stimulation. The adrenoceptors have shown to be very dynamic structures. Their number and affinity may be altered due to various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Their role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases has not been definitely settled, but there seem to be a true beta adrenergic hyporesponsiveness and alpha hyperresponsiveness in asthma. This article briefly describes the radioligand binding technique and summarizes our present knowledge of the nature of the alpha and beta adrenoceptors and their possible role in atopic diseases.
THE ROLE OF THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGIST
Authors: ARTHUR H. SANFORD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is evident from the title of my paper that the Section on Pathology and Physiology may not have followed precedent in honoring me by election to the chairmanship of the section. The last chairman was a physiologist, and according to custom I should be a pathologist. However, as my field is distinctly known as "clinical pathology," I shall present for your consideration my views as to the relationship of the clinical pathologist to the physiologist and to the medical profession in general. This section of the American Medical Association has existed in its present form for almost thirty years, and it came into being as part of the evolution of modern medicine. It represents the realization of ideas somewhat vaguely formed in the minds of the early founders of the Association. As you know, the American Medical Association grew out of the meetings of the National Medical conventions held
Vascular occlusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation in falciparum malaria.
Authors: D Mohanty, N Marwaha, K Ghosh, A P Chauhan, S Shah, S Sharma, K C Das
Journal: BMJ (1985)

children raises the possibility of respiratory infection, as previously reported in man and birds.The oocvst is small enough to be carried by dust.Much of the inhaled dust (possibly in the form of dried poultry litter) is undoubtedly cleared from the tracheobronchial mucosa by the cilia.It is then swallowed and enters the gastrointestinal tract.Many families in Bangladesh keep their poultry and cattle within their premises.Cryptosporidium was recently detected in 140) of calves with diarrhoea and 1 " of calves without diarrhoea at a dairy farm in Bangladesh, as well as in 8-50() of their handlers with diarrhoea.Cryptosporidizum was not, however, found in healthy people.We are now carrying out more extensive studies.
Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause suicide?: Suicide rate of 15% in editorial is misleading
Authors: Melissa K Raven
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause suicide? Risk of suicide should be assessed for whole class of antidepressantsEditor-Gunnell et al's report on suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) raises several issues. 1 Firstly, clinicians have observed that the first weeks of treatment of severe depression with an antidepressant are accompanied by a higher risk of suicide because of a drug induced motor disinhibition that is not yet accompanied by mood improvement. 2 Secondly, the authors' finding of a trend towards a protective effect of SSRIs against suicidal thoughts (odds ratio 0.77) compared with a trend towards an increased risk of self harm (odds ratio 1.57) is paradoxical.More surprising is the heterogeneity of results among SSRIs.Why would sertraline show a protective effect for suicidal thoughts and simultaneously increase the risk of self harm?The risk difference between citalopram and its active S-enantiomere, escitalopram, is also strange.No strong biological rationale can explain such heterogeneity among drugs with the same mechanism of action.Thirdly, the authors mention that the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency found little evidence for a risk difference between SSRIs and the other antidepressants.The two accompanying papers show that the suicidal risk seems similar for serotoninergic and tricyclic antidepressants. 3 4The risk of suicide must be assessed for the whole class of antidepressants.The next stage would be to measure the risk of suicide according to the time since starting an antidepressant.Initially, the risks are higher than the benefits.To confirm old clinical observations by evidence based methods would be interesting and useful.
Hiatus Hernia and Pregnancy
Authors: W. A. W. Dutton, H. J. Bland
Journal: BMJ (1953)

JOURNHDuring ventricular asystole in spontaneously occurring Stokes-Adams attacks and following rapid intra- venous injections of acetylcholine systemic blood pressure fell to low levels.During cardiac standstill of up to 21 seconds arterial pressure remained constant at 20 to 25 mm.Hg.An "overshoot" occurred in the blood pressure following the resumption of ventricular contractions in both forms of asystole: systolic and diastolic pressures increased above control levels before arterial pressure returned to normal.It is suggested that this action of intravenous acetylcholine results from asystole only.The cases investigated were under the care of the physicians to St. Thomas's Hospital and the National Heart Hospital.
Federal Requirements in Clinical Investigation
Authors: DAVID PRAGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Federal Requirements in Clinical InvestigationDAVID PRAGER, M.D.DAVID PRAGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-720_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As a participating institution of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECO Group), our community hospital is obliged to conform to federal guidelines relating to human subjects at risk (1). To comply with the specific features of that regulation, a tremendous hurdle has to be surmounted at the community hospital level. We are obliged to locate a certain category of voluntary members, train the volunteers as to the disciplines involved with cooperative chemotherapy groups, and maintain an ongoing institutional review board participation. Then, the volunteer members of the institutional review board are asked to review ECO Group protocols...Reference1. . Proposed regulations amending basic HEW policy for the protection of human research subjects. Fed Regist. 14 August 1979 (Part 2). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 720-720KeywordsChemotherapyHematology and oncologyInstitutional review boards Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Atrial Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and the Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jun Xu, Guanggen Cui, Fardad Esmailian, Mark Plunkett, Daniel Marelli, Abbas Ardehali, Jonah Odim, Hillel Laks, Luyi Sen
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Remodeling occurs in both ventricle and atrium in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the alteration of atrial extracellular matrix components during remodeling and its effect on the electrical remodeling and atrial arrhythmia have never been explored. Methods and Results— Atrial tissue samples of 53 explanted hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and end-stage heart failure who underwent heart transplantation were examined. Nineteen patients had permanent atrial fibrillation (PmAF), 18 had persistent AF (PsAF), and 16 had no documented AF (NAF). Sixteen donor left atria (LA) were used as controls (CNs). Western Blot analysis revealed a selective downregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 in PmAF and PsAF groups compared with the NAF and CN groups and an upregulation of atrial metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 that was most pronounced in the PmAF group followed by the PsAF and NAF groups. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that in the LA, type I collagen volume fraction (CVF-I) increased significantly in the PmAF group followed by the PsAF and NAF groups compared with that in CN. LA CVF-I significantly correlated with LA dimension and TIMP-2 to MMP-2 ratio. In the PsAF group, CVF-I/CVF-III ratio was significantly correlated with AF duration and the frequency of AF recurrence. Conclusions— Atrial extracellular matrix remodeling manifested by the selective downregulation of TIMP-2 along with upregulation of MMP-2 and CVF-I in the atrium is associated with the development of sustained atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
The Use of Levonorgestrel Implants (Norplant) for Contraception in Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Margaret Polaneczky, Gail Slap, Christine Forke, Aviva Rappaport, Steven Sondheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Although levonorgestrel implants (Norplant) would appear to be a good contraceptive option for adolescent mothers, there is little information about the use of Norplant in this population.
Computer aided analysis of total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G P Arden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A computer-aided analysis has been carried out on 176 knee replacements performed on 129 patients during the last 12 years. Owing to the variety of knee replacements used, the number of complications seen, and the large quantity of survey data a computer was very helpful in storing this amount of data with facilities for rapid recall of information. The results of the early Shiers knee hinged arthroplasties have been less than 50% good results, and these were followed by many complications. A smaller number of other knee replacements have been analysed, namely, Freeman-Swanson, Gunston, Sheehan, and Attenborough. The best results were obtained using 60 Attenborough knee prostheses, with a low infection rate of 3.3%, a loosening rate of 5%, and good prospects of salvage by fusion of the knee if required.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Modulates Expression and Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein
Authors: Susan A. Austin, Anantha V. Santhanam, Zvonimir S. Katusic
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale: The exact etiology of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is unclear, but it is interesting that several cardiovascular risk factors are associated with higher incidence of AD. The link between these risk factors and AD has yet to be identified; however, a common feature is endothelial dysfunction, specifically, decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Objective: To determine the relationship between endothelial derived NO and the expression and processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Methods and Results: We used human brain microvascular endothelial cells to examine the role of NO in modulating APP expression and processing in vitro. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with the specific NOS inhibitor L-NAME ( N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester) led to increased APP and BACE1 (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme1) protein levels, as well as increased secretion of the amyloidogenic peptide amyloid β (Aβ) (control 10.93±0.70 pg/mL; L-NAME 168.21±27.38 pg/mL; P &lt;0.001). To examine the role of NO in modulation of APP expression and processing in vivo, we used brain and cerebral microvessels from eNOS-deficient (eNOS −/− ) mice. Brain tissue from eNOS −/− mice had statistically higher APP and BACE1 protein levels, as well as increased BACE1 enzyme activity and Aβ (Aβ 1 - 42 wild-type control, 0.737pg/mg; eNOS −/− , 1.475 pg/mg; P &lt;0.05), compared with wild-type controls (n=6 to 8 animals per background). Brain microvessels from eNOS −/− mice also showed statistically higher BACE1 protein levels as compared with wild-type control. Conclusions: Our data suggest that endothelial NO plays an important role in modulating APP expression and processing within the brain and cerebrovasculature. The NO/cGMP pathway may be an important therapeutic target in preventing and treating mild cognitive impairment, as well as AD.
Suppression of hepatic lesions in a murine graft-versus-host reaction by antibodies against adhesion molecules
Authors: Shinichi Itoh, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Takeshi Kimura, Rie Unno, Tadashi Ikegami, Junichi Shoda, Mikio Doy, Michio Fujiwara, Naomi Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)