tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE BUBONIC PLAGUE IN SAN FRANCISCO.
Authors: W. H. KELLOGG
Journal: JAMA (1900)

We have always regarded the plague as something very distant and impossible, and have read of its ravages in India and China with much the same feeling of composure and security that we read about an uprising of the natives in Madagascar. Or perhaps we have considered it as a matter of historic interest on account of the fearful epidemics which in pre-sanitary days used to sweep over Europe, devastating countries and hardly leaving enough people behind to keep up the archives and records of the state. Even now that it is among us, and in America for the first time, there seems to be a tendency to underrate its importance and dismiss it without a thought, as a scare designed for base political motives. While I do not believe in becoming unduly excited about it, or in publishing far and wide that there is plague in San Francisco, I
Association of HLA-linked hemochromatosis with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia.
Authors: G E Cartwright, C Q Edwards, M H Skolnick, D B Amos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Five of seven patients with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia carried an HLA-A3 alloantigen (relative risk, 7.3; P = 0.02). The significance of this association was strengthened by study of two pedigrees. An abnormality in iron metabolism was found in two siblings who had an HLA-A3,B14 haplotype in common with the first proband. A second proband with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia had clinically manifest hemochromatosis. His brother had clinically manifest hemochromatosis but not sideroblastic anemia. This proband and his brother shared only the HLA-A3,B12 haplotype. Our findings infer that patients with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia carry a single allele for hemochromatosis, that this allele accounts for the increased iron loading in this form of anemia, and that clinically manifest hemochromatosis may develop in an occasional patient with only one allele for hemochromatosis in the presence of the sideroblastic factor.
515. Sequence Requirements for Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Specific Plasmid Nuclear Import
Authors: James V. DeGiulio, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Non-viral DNA gene delivery has many advantages over viral vectors, including potential for repeated administration and minimal immunological response. However, to date, the gene transfer efficiency remains low with this type of vector. This low efficiency is due to several barriers non-viral vectors must overcome prior to transgene expression. Perhaps the most important barrier in non-viral gene transfer is the nuclear envelope. In non-dividing cells, theplasmid DNA has no access to the nucleus where the transcriptional machinery resides, and thus transgenes are not expressed. However, inclusion of specific sequences termed DNA targeting sequences (DTS) on plasmids will mediate nuclear import via the nuclear pore complex and enhance non-viral DNA gene transfer. These sequences, when included on a plasmid, will bind newly-synthesized transcription factors in the cytoplasm and the plasmid DNA will translocate into the nucleus via the nuclear localization signals on the bound transcription factors. Additionally, we can use cell-specific DTSs to mediate nuclear import only in specific cell types, thus limiting transgene expression to the cell type of choice. Using this novel strategy, we can improve both safety and efficiency of non-viral gene therapy by targeting the nucleus of only specific cell types. We have demonstrated previously that the 365 bp fragment of the human SP_C promoter (−318 to +47) will mediate nuclear import of plasmid DNA in alveolar epithelial cells but in no other cell types tested to date. Within this 365 nucleotide fragment, there exist several known binding sites for transcription factors. Several truncations of the SP-C promoter have been constructed, as well as mutations that will abrogate transcription factor binding to the SP-C promoter DNA. Using microinjection and in situ hybridization strategy in both A549 and MLE-12 cell lines, we have determined which sequences within the SP-C promoter are required for nuclear import these alveolar epithelial cell lines. These data gives us a further understanding as to the mechanism of DTS function, knowledge that will allow us in the future to predict or create new DTSs for targeted plasmid DNA transfer to many other cell types.
Hypermagnesemia and Hypotension
Authors: JONATHAN GREENWALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 March 1976Hypermagnesemia and HypotensionJONATHAN GREENWALD, M.D.JONATHAN GREENWALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-339_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I do not think that the case report "Extreme Hypermagnesemia as a Cause of Refractory Hypotension" in the November 1975 issue should have been published. Documentation is sorely lacking. The precise points of occurrence in the clinical course of the repeat X ray that show "free sub-diaphragmatic air" and the "ultimately" performed laparotomy are nowhere mentioned. The discussion is not only inadequate, it is frankly misleading. In a situation where cardiac arrest and a perforated viscus are antecedents, the authors ignore the potential remediable effect of plicating the perforation. Instead, they interpret a coincident fall in magnesium...Reference1. MORDESSWARTZARKY JRR: Extreme hypermagnesemia as a cause of refractory hypotension. Ann Intern Med 83:657-658, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar1. HOFFSMITHWINKLER HPA: The relation of blood pressure and concentration in serum of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Am J Physiol 127:722-730, 1939 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. MAXWELLELLIOTTBURNELL GRR: Effects of hypermagnesemia on general and coronary hemodynamics of the dog. Am J Physiol 208:158-161, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RANDALLCOHENSPRAY RMC: Hypermagnesemia in renal failure. Etiology and toxic manifestations. Ann Intern Med 61:73-88, 1964 LinkGoogle Scholar4. WINKLERSMITHHOFF APH: Intravenous magnesium sulfate in the therapy of nephritic convulsions in adults. J Clin Invest 21:207-216, 1942 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MORDESSWARTZARKY JAR: Extreme hypermagnesemia as a cause of refractory hypotension. Ann Intern Med 83:657-658, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MURRAYLONGNARINS TWR: Multiple myeloma and the anion gap. N Engl J Med 292:574-575, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JONATHAN GREENWALD, M.D.Affiliations: Norwalk Hospital Norwalk, Connecticut 06856 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 339-341KeywordsFallsHeartHypermagnesemiaHypotensionLaparotomyMagnesium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical treatment of portal hypertension and oesophageal varices.
Authors: P Cales, A Braillon, D Lebrec
Journal: BMJ (1983)

We agree with Dr Serjeant that a controlled prospective assessment of prophylactic regi- mens of intensive blood transfusions during pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease is urgently required.The advantage of such treatment over equally careful supervision of the pregnancy but with a more conservative use of blood transfusions has been questioned."9 Multiple transfusions are not with- out certain dangers, including the induction of atypical red cell antibodies, which occurred in 14°(? of the transfused patients in our United Kingdom series.4If prophylactic transfusions are expected to have any appre- ciable impact on the rate of abortion and severe fetal growth retardation they would clearly need to be started much earlier than the suggested 28 weeks.In collaboration with colleagues at St Thomas's and certain other London hospitals we are about to start a study of the efficacy of transfusions that we hope will help to answer these questions.
Plasminogen-125I responses in dogs to a single injection of urokinase and typhoid vaccine and to vascular injury
Authors: Y. Takeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

In vivo plasminogen responses to various stimuli were studied. Plasminogen-(125)I was prepared and used first for metabolic studies of plasminogen in control dogs. The average results were: the plasma plasminogen, 29.3+/-4.1 (SD) mg/kg; the interstitial plasminogen, 8.79+/-4.47 (SD) mg/kg; the half-life of plasma plasminogen-(125)I, 2.81+/-0.24 (SD) days; the fractional direct catabolic rate of plasminogen (j(3)), 0.295 day(-1); and the catabolic (synthetic) rate of plasminogen, 8.61+/-1.35 (SD) mg/kg per day. Studies were then made of the plasminogen-(125)I responses in dogs to a single injection of urokinase (A) and typhoid vaccine (B), and to vascular injury (C), which was produced by the damage of venous endothelium by a phenol injection. Effects of heparin were also studied in dogs given the phenol injection (D). Disc electrophoretic analysis of plasma showed generation of plasmin-(125)I in all except the control experiments. The duration of plasmin-(125)I generation was about 6 hr in A, 6 hr in B, and at least 5 days in C. Heparinization (D) shortened the duration of generation to about 6 hr. For further quantitative analysis of the tracer data, a model for coexistent plasminogen-(125)I and plasmin-(125)I was proposed and validated, from which some new analytical methods were derived. Using these methods, the average fractional rate of plasmin-(125)I generation from plasminogen-(125)I (j(4)) was 0.41 day(-1) in A, 0.30 day(-1) in B, 0.324 day(-1) in C, and 0.382 day(-1) in D. Further mathematical consideration showed that j(3) was zero at least in C during plasmin generation. Plasminogen synthesis was unchanged in all experiments. The average fractional breakdown rate of plasmin-(125)I (j(5)) in A, B, C, and D was 1.19, 1.13, 1.35, and 1.11 day(-1), respectively, and were closely similar. These results indicate that under normal conditions a major portion of plasminogen is directly catabolized without the formation of plasmin, but that significant amounts of plasmin were generated under the conditions described, that the normal process of direct breakdown of plasminogen is abolished during plasmin generation at least in C, and that the potential value of j(5) determination should be further explored.
Cadherin-6 Mediates Axon-Target Matching in a Non-Image-Forming Visual Circuit
Authors: Jessica A. Osterhout, Nicko Josten, Jena Yamada, Feng Pan, Shaw-wen Wu, Phong L. Nguyen, Georgia Panagiotakos, Yukiko U. Inoue, Saki F. Egusa, Bela Volgyi, Takayoshi Inoue, Stewart A. Bloomfield, Ben A. Barres, David M. Berson, David A. Feldheim, Andrew D. Huberman
Journal: Neuron (2011)

Neural circuits consist of highly precise connections among specific types of neurons that serve a common functional goal. How neurons distinguish among different synaptic targets to form functionally precise circuits remains largely unknown. Here, we show that during development, the adhesion molecule cadherin-6 (Cdh6) is expressed by a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and also by their targets in the brain. All of the Cdh6-expressing retinorecipient nuclei mediate non-image-forming visual functions. A screen of mice expressing GFP in specific subsets of RGCs revealed that Cdh3-RGCs which also express Cdh6 selectively innervate Cdh6-expressing retinorecipient targets. Moreover, in Cdh6-deficient mice, the axons of Cdh3-RGCs fail to properly innervate their targets and instead project to other visual nuclei. These findings provide functional evidence that classical cadherins promote mammalian CNS circuit development by ensuring that axons of specific cell types connect to their appropriate synaptic targets.
Apparent Recurrence of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis in a Renal Allograft
Authors: Philip B. Woodhall
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A young woman with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and renal failure who received a renal transplant from her mother suffered accelerated loss of allograft function in the absence of hyperacute rejection or severe hypertension. A biopsy specimen and pathologic examination of the transplanted organ showed a fluorescent antibody pattern and vascular changes that were indistinguishable from those in the patient's native kidneys. This clinical sequence is a departure from the relative success of renal transplantation in the few previously reported cases of PSS where it has been used as therapy for renal failure.
Avoidable factors in stroke
Authors: G F Mead, P A O'Neill, C N McCollum
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Mr Adiseshiah has pointed out the role of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with >70% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery.1 The annual incidence of transient ischaemic attacks has been estimated to be 0.4/1000. Of the patients affected, between 5000 and 10000 would be suitable for carotid endarterectomy each year, which would reduce the …
Montana Has a State Board of Examiners.
Authors: J. J. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Missoula, Mont., Feb. 6, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of February 1, in an article by Dr. C. E. Farnum, "A Suggestion that National Legislation Provide for a Medical Examining Board to Confer a Special Degree of Medicine and Surgery," he<i>omits</i>the State of<i>Montana</i>as one requiring an examination for a license from all applicants in the list of States given by him. Montana has a board appointed by the governor which requires<i>all applicants</i>to pass a satisfactory examination in all branches before they are allowed to practice and this is rigorously enforced by the board, with the result that it has kept out a host of quacks and half-prepared men whose sole claim to the title M.D. consisted of a diploma. This law has also been in force for the last four years or more. Please give this notice. Very truly yours,
Mammography reduces risk of breast cancer death by 28%, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A study of the impact of a breast screening programme in Norway has found that in every 10 000 women invited for mammography about 27 deaths from breast cancer might be avoided during their lifetime, giving a 28% lower risk of death among women who were screened.1

Commentators said in an editorial that the study largely confirmed what was already known—that the benefits of breast screening “are modest at best.”2 They called for women to be given balanced information including the screening harms of overdiagnosis, psychological stress, and high healthcare costs.

Randomised trials from …
Monoclonal antibodies against antigens expressed on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Cheng-Po Hu, Shou-Hwa Han, Wing-Yiu Lui, Hey-Chi Hsu, Yeh-Ming Lin, Pei-Hui Lin, Liang-Ru Chen, Hsian-Guey Hsieh, Pseng-Tong Kuo, Fang-Ku P'eng, Chungming Chang
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies with selectivity for human hepatoma cell lines were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with human hepatoma cell lines, HA22T/VGH or Hep 3B, and fusing sensitized mouse spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells. Two monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigens present only on human hepatoma cell lines were investigated. The monoclonal antibody IB1 was found to react with 3 of 9 hepatoma cell lines. Monoclonal antibody 9B2 reacted with all nine hepatoma cell lines. None of the other 20 cell lines tested was bound by IB1 and 9B2. The immunoperoxidase staining of monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections of paired hepatoma and normal liver tissues from the same individuals were studied. Antibody IB1 reacted with 3 of 13 hepatoma tissues, but with none of the normal liver and other tissues, and antibody 9B2 was reactive with antigens appearing on the bile canalicular domain of hepatoma and normal liver tissues. The antibody 9B2 stained no normal tissues with the exception of proximal tubules of kidney. Radioimmunoprecipitation tests identified two antigens reacting with 9B2. The major antigen had an apparent molecular weight of 140,000 and a minor one of 130,000. Therefore, antibody IB1 seems to be specific for antigens present on a group of human hepatoma cells and may be useful for classification and diagnosis of human hepatomas. Antibody 9B2 is quite specific to human liver cells and may be used to provide clues for the characterization of tumor cell lines, identification of metastatic tumors with hepatocytic origin, and study of the structure and function of bile canaliculi.
More counselling is needed for couples opting for donor insemination
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Parents of children conceived through sperm donation will need support to adapt to their children's new legal rights to know their donor's identity. This is the view of authors of two studies in the journal of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology showing that until now many couples opposed disclosure.

From April the United Kingdom follows an international trend set by Holland, Sweden, New Zealand, and Australia in allowing children conceived through sperm donation to know the identity of the donor once they reach adulthood. Fearing that this may deter donors, the Department of Health in England has launched a campaign to encourage sperm …
Malaria-Infected Erythrocyte-Derived Microvesicles Mediate Cellular Communication within the Parasite Population and with the Host Immune System
Authors: Pierre-Yves Mantel, Anh N. Hoang, Ilana Goldowitz, Daria Potashnikova, Bashar Hamza, Ivan Vorobjev, Ionita Ghiran, Mehmet Toner, Daniel Irimia, Alexander R. Ivanov, Natasha Barteneva, Matthias Marti
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Cigarette smoking and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: D S Majka, V M Holers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Smoking may affect the disease course in SLE and patients should be counselled to stop

In this issue of the Annals , Freemer et al report an association between smoking and dsDNA autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).1 The authors note that exposure to tobacco smoke has previously been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and SLE. In RA, cigarette smoking has been associated with rheumatoid factor (RF) positive but not RF negative disease when these two groups of subjects were evaluated separately.2–4 Likewise, smoking has been associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody (anti-CCP) positive but not anti-CCP negative RA.5 In affected subjects, exposure to tobacco has also been associated with several measures of disease severity such as the presence of radiographic erosions, nodules, pulmonary disease, RF, and anti-CCP antibodies.5–8 A cumulative dose of exposure has been associated with a higher incidence and prevalence of RA as well as RF and anti-CCP positivity5,7–9; in studies evaluating intensity and duration separately, it appears that duration is most important.3,10 Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for seropositive RA incidence,2,4 and a few studies have even identified an association between cigarette smoking and RF positivity in subjects without RA,11–13 supporting a role for this exposure very early during the development of clinical disease. In this regard, it has been proposed that exposure to tobacco may trigger RF production, thus contributing to the clinical onset of RA.14

While tobacco exposure has been causally linked to RA, the relationship between the development of SLE and cigarette smoking is less clear. A recent meta-analysis identified a modest association between the development of SLE and current, but not former smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence …
People with chronic disease should be encouraged to manage their care
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2012)

When European Union health ministers meet in Denmark next week they will discuss how empowerment of citizens and patients can help prevent and control the epidemic of chronic non-communicable disease, estimated to account for 86% of deaths and 77% of the total burden of disease in Europe.

The topic has been put on their agenda by the Danish health minister, Astrid Krag, who last week hosted the first European meeting on patient empowerment, held in Copenhagen under the Danish presidency of the Council of the European Union.

Speaking to delegates from 35 countries, she said that health systems had to undergo radical change. Their prime focus should be on health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic care—not acute (reactive) care—and on changing “the relationship between patients and professionals . . . Both need to see that shared …
C-type natriuretic peptide levels in cor pulmonale and in congestive heart failure.
Authors: R I Cargill, C S Barr, W J Coutie, A D Struthers, B J Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a recent addition to the family of natriuretic peptides which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Whilst the levels of ANP and BNP are increased in conditions such as congestive heart failure and cor pulmonale, abnormal levels of CNP in these conditions have not been reported. METHODS--Plasma levels of CNP were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 12 young normal controls, 12 elderly normal controls, 12 patients with NYHA grade III-IV congestive heart failure, and in 16 patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale. RESULTS--Mean (SE) plasma levels of CNP were similar in young normal controls (0.46(0.03) pmol/l), elderly normal controls (0.43(0.05) pmol/l), and in patients with congestive heart failure (0.33(0.2) pmol/l). In patients with cor pulmonale, however, plasma levels of CNP were raised (1.39(0.27) pmol/l) 3.2-fold compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS--In cor pulmonale the increased plasma levels of CNP were not as great as the previously observed increases in levels of ANP (5.6-fold) or BNP (18.5-fold) in comparable patients. CNP may therefore be less important than ANP or BNP as a circulating counter-regulatory peptide in conditions of overactivity of the renin angiotensin system.