tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Population-Wide Sodium Reduction as a Means to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
Authors: Lawrence J. Appel, Edward D. Frohlich, John E. Hall, Thomas A. Pearson, Ralph L. Sacco, Douglas R. Seals, Frank M. Sacks, Sidney C. Smith, Dorothea K. Vafiadis, Linda V. Van Horn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

B lood pressure (BP)-related diseases, specifically, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and kidney disease, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and throughout the world.In the United States, coronary heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of mortality, whereas heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalizations. 1 Concurrently, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease remains high and is escalating. 2,3The direct and indirect costs of these conditions are staggering, over $400 billion just for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 2009. 1,4The human consequences are likewise enormous.The relation between BP and adverse health outcomes is direct and progressive with no evidence of a threshold, that is, the risk of CVD, stroke, and end-stage kidney disease increases progressively throughout the range of usual BP starting at a level of Ϸ115/75 mm Hg. [5][6][7] Overall, elevated BP is the second leading modifiable cause of death, accounting for an estimated 395 000 preventable deaths in the United States in 2005. 8orldwide, elevated BP accounts for 54% of stroke and 47% of coronary heart disease events; importantly, about half of these events occur in persons without hypertension. 9he 2020 goal of the American Heart Association (AHA) is to improve the cardiovascular heath of all Americans by 20% while continuing to reduce deaths from CVD and stroke by 20%. 4 Two of the key metrics for ideal cardiovascular health are a BP of Ͻ120/80 mm Hg and sodium consumption of Ͻ1500 mg/d.The purpose of this advisory is 2-fold: first is to highlight the impressive body of evidence that links sodium intake with elevated BP and other adverse outcomes, and second, to serve as a call to action on behalf of the AHA for individuals, healthcare providers, professional organizations, governments, and industry to address this major public health issue.See Table for key points.
Stroke Clubs: Undervalued and Underused
Authors: Hugh A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

After I had a stroke, my foremost wish was to return to my plastic surgery practice. This, however, was for the future. My immediate goal, as I indicated to my physiatrist in the rehabilitation ward, was just to be able to get up at night and go to the toilet. To this he responded, "Be realistic. You'll not walk again." But my first visit to the stroke club proved how very wrong he was. None of the members was in a wheelchair; everyone was walking about. One man, who has become my idol, not only walked without a cane but had mastered bicycle riding on a three-wheeled model. On discovering this, I altered my goal from going to the bathroom alone to learning to ride a three-wheeler. Bicycle riding had been one of my greatest pleasures before the stroke. On subsequent visits to the stroke club, I've received much information
Cervical Cancer-Reply
Authors: J. P. Greenhill
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  Perhaps Dr. Dale's reaction would be less vehement if I defined   and  The reproductive period is that period during which women usually have babies. This is not synonymous with the period of menstruation. Many women menstruate past 50 years of age but extremely few become pregnant in these years. In 65,000 deliveries at the Johns Hopkins Hospital there was only one woman over 47 years of age, and at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, in over 50,000 deliveries, there were only 2 women of 46 and 2 of 48 years of age.  By the word  I mean invasive cancer. Articles dealing with radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy for malignancy simply use the term  or carcinoma of the cervix. In all instances where cancer in situ is discussed, the entire term is used and not simply the word  If we contrast the 2
Substrate-dependent modulation of 3D spheroid morphology self-assembled in mesenchymal stem cell-endothelial progenitor cell coculture
Authors: Shan-hui Hsu, Tung-Tso Ho, Nien-Chi Huang, Chao-Ling Yao, Luen-Hau Peng, Niann-Tzyy Dai
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Malaria in Legal Medicine—Cases in Relation With Accidents
Authors: RICARDO AGUILAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 June 1929Malaria in Legal Medicine—Cases in Relation With AccidentsRICARDO AGUILAR, B.S., B.A., D.D.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.RICARDO AGUILAR, B.S., B.A., D.D.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-12-1341 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExperience has taught employers of labor to take into consideration various conditions such as alcoholism, epilepsy, syphilis, diabetes, nephritis, etc., as causes for rejection, particularly in filling positions when danger and responsibility are involved.Any of these conditions may be responsible for temporary aberrations or loss of consciousness, and lead in some instances, to serious loss of life and property.In this connection, malarial infections have not been considered, but as shown by the following case reports may at times be responsible for serious accidents with subsequent medico-legal action and unjustifiable penalties against employers or corporations that are in no... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Quirigua Hospital Puerto Barrios, Guatemala PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1929Volume 2, Issue 12Page: 1341-1342KeywordsAlcoholismEpilepsyLoss of consciousnessMalariaNephritisSyphilis Issue Published: 1 June 1929 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transforming From Centers of Learning to Learning Health Systems
Authors: Kevin Grumbach, Catherine R. Lucey, S. Claiborne Johnston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PREDICTORS OF ANTEGRADE FAILURE IN CASES SWITCHED AFTER RETROGRADE ATTEMPT IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS WITH 4 YEARS DATA FROM JAPANESE MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Masami Sakurada, Atsunori Okamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Makoto Muto, Akitsugu Oida, Masahisa Yamane, Yuji Oikawa, Hisayuki Okada, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
INCREASING HEART FAILURE HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS WITH DECREASING NEW HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN NEW JERSEY, 1996-2005
Authors: Yingzi Deng, William J. Kostis, Abel E. Moreyra, John Pantazopoulos, Nora M. Cosgrove, Alan C. Wilson, John B. Kostis, None for the MIDAS group
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Janus kinase 3 regulates renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase expression, calcitriol formation, and phosphate metabolism
Authors: Anja T. Umbach, Bingbing Zhang, Christoph Daniel, Abul Fajol, Ana Velic, Zohreh Hosseinzadeh, Shefalee K. Bhavsar, C. Thomas Bock, Reinhard Kandolf, Bernd J. Pichler, Kerstin U. Amann, Michael Föller, Florian Lang
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
A METHOD OF PSYCHOBIOLOGIC EVALUATION
Authors: J. ROBERT JACOBSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

An examining procedure has been presented which is an elaboration of certain items employed by Henry Head in the examination of aphasics. Statistical results are presented based upon a comparison between the performance of individuals above average intelligence and those at or below the borderline. The responses of individuals to problems of right and left orientation in acts of graded complexity give a fairly accurate approximation to the levels of intellectual functioning obtained in the Bellevue-Wechsler and similar test procedures. The primary emphasis in this examination is the descriptive analytical evaluation which includes the observation of the quality of attention, concentration and interest of the man, qualities of carefulness, carelessness, lack of interest, response to instruction, confusional tendencies, and the ability to reorient and get hold of one's self in a difficult problem-solving situation. These chracteristics are regarded as indicative of the psychobiological functioning of the person in other life situations, notably in military service. This test procedure is especially valuable as screening aid in induction work.
Mast Cells Increase Vascular Permeability by Heparin-Initiated Bradykinin Formation In Vivo
Authors: Chris Oschatz, Coen Maas, Bernd Lecher, Thomas Jansen, Jenny Björkqvist, Thomas Tradler, Reinhard Sedlmeier, Peter Burfeind, Sven Cichon, Sven Hammerschmidt, Werner Müller-Esterl, Walter A. Wuillemin, Gunnar Nilsson, Thomas Renné
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Divorce Among Physicians
Authors: William J. Doherty
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This study had two goals—to evaluate critically the literature regarding the quality and stability of physicians' marriages and to present national data regarding the divorce-proneness of physicians in comparison with other occupational groups. The conclusions from the literature review were that (<i>a</i>) there is no sound evidence that physicians have lower marital quality than other groups, and (<i>b</i>) methodological weaknesses in past research leave open the question of whether physicians are more prone or less prone to divorce than other groups. The conclusion from new analyses of 1970 and 1980 US census data was that both male and female physicians have a lower tendency to divorce than other occupational groups, including other groups of professionals. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2374-2377)
Plant Fiber and Blood Pressure
Authors: JAMES W. ANDERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Vegetarians and other persons with high fiber intakes have lower average blood pressures than persons with low fiber intakes. We assessed blood pressures in 12 nonobese, insulin-treated, diabetic men on control diets and high carbohydrate and fiber (HCF) diets. The control diets provided 20 g/d of plant fiber, whereas the HCF diets provided 65 g/d. The insulin doses required to maintain satisfactory glycemic control were 73% lower with HCF diets than with control diets. Average blood pressures were 10% lower (p <0.01) with HCF diets than with control diets. In a study of six additional men, fecal water excretion was twofold greater with HCF diets than with control diets. Alterations in gastrointestinal function, nutrient absorption rates, and secretion of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones may influence blood pressure. The possible antinatriuretic effects of insulin may influence blood pressure responses to fiber intake. Further studies are needed to assess critically the effects of fiber intake on blood pressure.
Control of memory CD4 T cell activation: MHC class II molecules on APCs and CD4 ligation inhibit memory but not naive CD4 T cells
Authors: Donna L. Farber, Mohammad Lugman, Oreste Acuto, Kim Bottomly
Journal: Immunity (1995)

Memory or antigen-experienced CD4 T cells differ from naive CD4 T cells both phenotypically by cell surface marker expression, and functionally by their dissimilar pattern of cytokine secretion and activation requirements through their T cell receptor (TCR). We show here that activation of memory CD4 T cells (CD45RBlo subset), but not naive CD4 T cells (CD45RBhi subset), is inhibited by MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and by CD4 ligation. We propose that the selective negative signal in memory cells is a direct result of the differences in signaling via CD4 and CD3, exemplified in the disparate pattern of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins visible after activation of the two subsets. In vivo, this inhibitory signal may serve to prevent irrelevant interactions between memory CD4 T cells and bystander MHC class II+ cells, and may also be responsible for the defective functioning of memory CD4 T cells in AIDS.
A NOTE ON TWO CASES OF A FOREIGN BODY IN THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: H. Lett
Journal: BMJ (1927)

MiCAorr.lTINA branches everywhere undefinable on the inner surface of the lower section.After treatment the girth of legs, at same mesial, measured 9,' and 9 in.respectively; the structures werc soft and pliant, colour more normal and no longer tender, and outline of the same venous system easily delineated, and, with, the exception of a few scattered indurated valvular pouches, the lumen of the vessels appeared to be more or less patent throughout the lower section of both legs; while over the sites of former ulceration extensions of vascular branches are plailly discernible injecting tHe waxy white cicatricial coverings wit1, fine arterioles and network of venules from around their marginal borders.These, then, comprise the salient features of the comt)arative changes which had been effected, in this instance, by means of a renewal of the dressings, on an average of oilne in ten months, for close on seven years, when the dressings were tentatively discarded in favour of ordinary roller bandaging support, which the Lpatient continuously wore, in her household work, during the remaining thirteen years of lher life, without any threat of recurrent ulceration or sign of varicose stagnation in the interval.I think we have ample evidence here suggesti-e of the appliance being no or(lillary implement of a mechanical contrivance, and that the amalgam is potential of some
174 Liver transplantation in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: Five case reports
Authors: G. Vennarecci, G.M. Ettorre, M. Antonini, M. Maritti, L. Giovanelli, G. D'Offizi, P. Narciso, P. Noto, E. Boumis, P. De Longis, P. Nasta, G.P. Carosi, F. Del Nonno, L. Perracchio, G.P. Palmieri, R. Santoro, G. Visco, E. Santoro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The New Infectious Disease.
Authors: H. B. Sheffield
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New York City, Feb.2, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Hirshberg, I fear, is not modest in claiming the credit of having discovered a new infectious disease (The Journal, Feb. 2, 1907, p. 416), and branding the work of those who long before him wrote on this subject as "so very obscure, faulty and incomplete." The paper of mine which Dr. Hirshberg quoted (<i>Amer. Medico-Surg. Bull.</i>, Dec. 26, 1896), speaks of an epidemic of a "Peculiar Form of Hyperpyrexia" which I observed in 28 children under 14 years of age. The fever developed very suddenly, ranged between 104 and 106 F., continued almost uninterruptedly for from two to three and a half weeks, and ended either by crisis or lysis, leaving the children in apparently perfect health. The rapidity of the pulse and respiration varied with the height of the temperature. There were no roseola, enlargement of liver or spleen,
Acute confusional state and hyponatraemia due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in polyarteritis nodosa.
Authors: J S Gaston, D G Scott, P A Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

An acute confusional state, which developed in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), proved to be secondary to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and consequent hyponatraemia. This is a very unusual complication of PAN and may well reflect a direct stimulation of the supraoptic nuclei owing to cerebral vasculitis.
Labelled leucocyte scintigraphy in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical applications.
Authors: M H Giaffer
Journal: Gut (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Focal adhesions are important mechanosensitive structures, composed of transmembrane integrins, linking the extracellular matrix to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, via cytoplasmic proteins. Cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix depends on the activation of integrins by intracellular mechanisms. Talin and kindlin are major activators of integrins that are recruited to the inner membrane and bind to β-integrin cytoplasmic tails. Many studies showed the importance of integrin activation and clustering and how the organization of extracellular ligands guides the nanoscale organization of adhesion complexes. However, the roles of talin and kindlin in this process are poorly understood. To determine the contribution of talin, kindlin, lipids and actomyosin in integrin clustering, we performed experiments using a biomimetic <i>in vitro</i> system, made of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, containing transmembrane integrins, on which purified talin, kindlin, and actomyosin assemble. Here we first show that talin and kindlin individually have the ability to cluster integrins. When added together, talin and kindlin synergize to induce the formation of larger integrin clusters containing the three proteins. Comparison of protein density in the talin-integrin, kindlin-integrin, and talin-kindlin-integrin clusters reveals that kindlin increases talin and integrin density, whereas talin does not affect kindlin and integrin density. Finally, kindlin significantly enhances the segregation of talin-integrin clusters induced by actomyosin contractility, suggesting that it increases the coupling of these clusters to the actin cytoskeleton. Our study unambiguously demonstrates how kindlin and talin cooperate to induce integrin clustering, which is a major parameter for cell adhesion.
Escitalopram for Older Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Eric J. Lenze, Bruce L. Rollman, M. Katherine Shear, Mary Amanda Dew, Bruce G. Pollock, Caroline Ciliberti, Michelle Costantino, Sara Snyder, Peichang Shi, Edward Spitznagel, Carmen Andreescu, Meryl A. Butters, Charles F. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in older adults; however, few data exist to guide clinicians in efficacious and safe treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are efficacious for younger adults with GAD, but benefits and risks may be different in older adults.To examine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the SSRI escitalopram in older adults with GAD.A randomized controlled trial in primary care practices and related specialty clinics in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of 177 participants aged 60 years or older with a principal diagnosis of GAD randomized to receive either escitalopram or placebo and conducted between January 2005 and January 2008.Twelve weeks of 10 to 20 mg/d of escitalopram (n = 85) or matching placebo (n = 92).Cumulative response defined by Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score of much or very much improved; time to response; and anxiety and role functioning changes measured by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument activity limitations subscale, and the role-emotional impairment and social function subscales of the Medical Outcome Survey 36-item Short Form.In the primary analytic strategy in which participants (n = 33) were censored at the time of dropout, mean cumulative response rate for escitalopram was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-80%) vs 51% (95% CI, 40%-62%) for placebo (P = .03). A conservative intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in mean cumulative response rate between escitalopram and placebo (57%; 95% CI, 46%-67%; vs 45%; 95% CI, 35%-55%; P = .11). Participants treated with escitalopram showed greater improvement than with placebo in anxiety symptoms and role functioning (Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale: effect size, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.50-1.36; P < .001; Penn State Worry Questionnaire: 0.30; 95% CI, 0.23-0.48; P = .01; activity limitations: 0.32; 95% CI, 0.01-0.63; P = .04; and the role-emotional impairment and social function: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.03-1.90; P = .04). Adverse effects of escitalopram (P < .05 vs placebo) were fatigue or somnolence (35 patients [41.1%]), sleep disturbance (12 [14.1%]), and urinary symptoms (8 [9.4%]).Older adults with GAD randomized to escitalopram had a higher cumulative response rate for improvement vs placebo over 12 weeks; however, response rates were not significantly different using an intention-to-treat analysis. Further study is required to assess efficacy and safety over longer treatment durations.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105586.
Removal of radiation dose response effects: an example of over-matching
Authors: J L Marsh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Over-matching can be a design fault in case-control studies and may lead to bias. J L Marsh and colleagues describe a case-control study of workers at a nuclear reprocessing plant in which over-matching obscured the relation between radiation exposure and mortality from leukaemia

This paper describes the rationale of a case-control study, explains the process of stratification through matching, and summarises the mechanism of confounding. We carried out a matched case-control study of workers at BNFL (British Nuclear Fuels) to clarify the results of past cohort studies, which had found a significant association between risk of leukaemia and cumulative external radiation dose. Fitted models from the current study contradicted these results. After examining the relation between the matching factors and the dose, we suggest that over-matching is a cause of the contradiction.

### Summary points

Case-control studies are useful in examining the epidemiology of rare diseases

They can be biased through a design fault called over-matching

The current case-control study of Sellafield workers illustrates over-matching and shows the dependence of conclusions on the correct design

### Matching in case-control studies

In a case-control study, individuals with the disease of interest (cases) are taken from the population, together with a random sample of the remaining, healthy individuals (controls). Exposureof the two groups to the risk factors in question is examined. If a significant difference in exposure history is found, it can be inferred that these risk factors have some association with the probability of disease.

If other factors influence the probabilities of disease and exposure to risks, this can disguise the influence of the risk factors in question. This confounding can be removed by stratification. This must be done carefully: stratifying too finely will cause information to be lost, but stratifying too coarsely will not remove enough confounding. The ratio of cases to controls must remain the same in …
1063-53 A rational approach to coronary stenting prior to noncardiac surgery
Authors: Mark Awar, Amit Mittal, Bipin Ravindran, Amit Kalra, Tarang Patel, Nicholas Ruggiero, Baback Adibi, Alexander Kaplan, Steven Silver, Paul Walinsky, Howard Weitz, David Fischman, Michael Savage
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)