tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Direct Influence of the Heart over the Sounds and Action of the Lungs
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1890)

inflammation from the simplest and mildest phase up to an abscess, so the vaccine virus, in the majority of cases, only occa- sions a mild response in the surrounding tissues and related glands.but occasionally much more exaggerated local and constitutional phenomena.Hence we may meet with all grades of inflammation from a simple blush to formidable cellulitis.These conditions must not be confounded with true erysipelas and other septic poisonings.So also the confluence of too crowded vaccine vesicles or a too extensively vaccinated surface may lead to sloughing. 1 would place in this group also the auto-inoculations of the vaccine virue, which it is more convenient to discuss with the next group.Group 2.-That more or less generalised eruptions occasionally accompany vaccination is universally admitted.They may be scarlatiniform, morbilliform, urticarial, vesicular, pustular, bullous, purpuric, or may take on the erythema multiforme type.Those who believe that vaccinia is an exanthematic fever, and that these eruptions are the direct outcome of the virus in the economy have called them vaccinides, and referred to them as vaccine g6n6ral1ise.The morbilliform phase (the so-called vaccinal erythema) is by far the more common, and appears, as a rule, about the time of maturation of the vaccine pustules.It is a benign eruption, and disappears in a few days.Urticaria is not at all uncommon.The other forms are of rarer occurrence, and are recorded only in special papers and treatises.The small vesi-
From Iran to Latin America: Must Prenatal Diagnosis Necessarily Be Provided With Abortion for Congenital Abnormalities?
Authors: Daniel Sperling
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

The article examines the question of whether it is ethical to introduce and provide prenatal diagnosis and antenatal screening in areas where termination of pregnancy for congenital abnormalities is legally prohibited. The article explores the various reasons according to which people seek prenatal genetic information and the factors affecting their decision to continue pregnancy despite congenital abnormalities. It concludes that with a proper emotional support and cultural sensitivity it is ethically justifiable to introduce prenatal diagnostic tests and screening, and that taken as a whole, the benefits of such an introduction outweigh the general harm already associated with restrictive abortion laws.
Simultaneous detection of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations by capillary electrophoresis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: N I Noguera, E Ammatuna, D Zangrilli, S Lavorgna, M Divona, F Buccisano, S Amadori, C Mecucci, B Falini, F Lo-Coco
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Suppression of hippocampal TRPM7 protein prevents delayed neuronal death in brain ischemia
Authors: Hong-Shuo Sun, Michael F Jackson, Loren J Martin, Karen Jansen, Lucy Teves, Hong Cui, Shigeki Kiyonaka, Yasuo Mori, Michael Jones, Joan P Forder, Todd E Golde, Beverley A Orser, John F MacDonald, Michael Tymianski
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins.
Authors: D E Oken
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Renal micropuncture studies have greatly changed our views on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. Formerly, this type of renal insufficiency was attributed to a direct effect of the nephrotoxins on tubule epithelial permeability. According to that theory, glomerular filtration was not greatly diminished, the filtrate formed being absorbed almost quantitatively and nonselectively across damaged tubule epithelium. Studies in a wide variety of rat models have now shown glomerular filtration to be reduced to a level which will inevitably cause renal failure in and of itself. Passive backflow of filtrate across tubular epithelium is either of minor degree or nonexistent even in models where frank tubular necrosis has occurred. This failure of filtration cannot be attributed to tubular obstruction since proximal tubule pressure is distinctly subnormal in most models studied. Instead, filtration failure appears best attributed to intrarenal hemodynamic alterations. While certain facts tend to incriminate the renin-angiotensin system as the cause of the hemodynamic aberrations, others argue to the contrary. The issue is underactive investigation.
The TOSCA.IT Trial: A Study Designed to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Versus Sulfonylureas on Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Olga Vaccaro, Maria Masulli, Enzo Bonora, Stefano Del Prato, Antonio Nicolucci, Angela A. Rivellese, Gabriele Riccardi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The recently published American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) (1) underlines the complexity of the therapeutic approach in T2D. This is due to both the increasing number of available drugs and to the paucity of solid data on the superiority of one compound over the others. By and large, antidiabetic drugs reduce blood glucose to a similar extent but have different impacts on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, durability of efficacy, safety, and possible added values (2–4). A major challenge for clinicians is to select treatments that are capable of achieving and maintaining glucose control for as long as possible while minimizing the risk of chronic complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This goal should be pursued with minimal side effects (mainly hypoglycemia). Although there is agreement on …
Cardiovascular responses to lateral semicircular canal stimulation in man
Authors: R WINTER, C WILSON, T BENNETT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The cardiovascular effects of aural irrigation with water at 37 degrees C (control subjects, n = 6) or 44 degrees C (experimental subjects n = 11) were assessed from measurements of heart rate, brachial arterial blood pressure and forearm blood flow. The occurrence and intensity of vestibular stimulation was assessed from the electronystagmogram. The procedure had no significant effect on cardiovascular variables in control subjects or in subjects who were exposed to vestibular stimulation but who were not nauseated by it (n = 6). Those subjects who felt nauseous (n = 5) showed a tachycardia and forearm vasodilatation. These results provide no evidence that vestibular stimulation contributes to orthostatic reflexes in man.
Detention of British citizens as hostages in the Gulf
Authors: J. Collier, R. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1991)

are also of great importance.These include other tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis5; autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis9; some forms of cancer"'; and pathogenic and opportunistic mycobacterial infections, especially in patients with AIDS."Political and narrowly defined economic factors, rather than world health, seem to be the determining factors in the development of drugs, allowing orphan drugs and diseases to be glibly dismissed owing to failure of will by the world community.The possibility of developing new compounds from thalidomide that are much more selectively active than the parent molecule has also not been exhausted.4I believe that it is necessary for all concerned with global health to press for such development.
The histochemistry and fine structure of epitheloid cells in sarcoidosis.
Authors: W J Williams, D Erasmus, E M James, D Williams
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Recurrent respiratory infection may be a feature of patients who have deficiency of humoral or antibody response to some respiratory pathogens and to some antibody challenge tests whilst maintaining apparently normal levels of immunoglobulins (dysgammaglobulinaemia).Other patients may lack cellular immunity.The conditions mentioned above are illustrated by reference to case histories.
Are advance directives legally binding or simply the starting point for discussion on patients' best interests? Medical opinion
Authors: K. Mackway-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Following advance directives in emergencies throws up some complicated problems, as <b>Stephen Bonner and colleagues</b> found (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4667). We asked an emergency doctor, a medical defence adviser (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4693), and an ethicist (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4695) what they would do in the circumstances
Recent Advances in Cardiology
Authors: James C. Broadbent
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This small volume is, in effect, a concise postgraduate course in the theory and practice of modern cardiology. It is not a review of the literature as such, but rather a series of reviews of selected major topics. This format continues the tradition of earlier editions since 1929. In this, the sixth edition (the fifth appeared in 1959), there are three groups of topics and 16 chapters by 12 authors. The first group considers the practical clinical problems of pediatric cardiology, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, coronary care, and surgery for ischemic heart disease. The second group deals with more fundamental topics, including myocardial metabolism and performance in health and disease as well as the circulatory and metabolic consequences of heart failure and shock. The third group is concerned with selected diagnostic and therapeutic measures, including echocardiography, electroversion, pacing, valve replacement, and the pharmacology of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Each chapter has a bibliography,
Malaria vaccination: two steps forward, one backward.
Authors: W Peters
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Many important technical advances have been made in the past 2 years in the search for antigens that can provide a protective effect against malaria.  However the manufacture and deployment of such a vaccine remain more remote.  Development of such a vaccine is especially crucial now that multiple drug resistance in the malignant tertian parasite Plasmodium falciparum is spreading throughout endemic areas.  Vaccine research has evolved in 2 major directions:  the identification of protective antigens on the surfaces of 3 stages of malaria parasites (sporozoites merozoites and gametocytes) and vaccine production by genetic engineering or synthesis of the relevant polypeptides.  The emphasis has shifted from the study of avian and rodent malaria to the use of simian and human parasites.  An antigamete vaccine would represent a major epidemiological advance since it would help interrupt transmission while antisporozoite and antimerozoite vaccines would protect only individual recipients.  The ideal would be a mixture of at least 2 of these vaccines.  Underwriting malaria vaccine development represents an opportunity for foundations such as Rockefeller and the King Faisal Foundation to utilize their resources to improve the quality of life in the Third World.
Wheelchairs used by old people.
Authors: E Haworth, R H Powell, G P Mulley
Journal: BMJ (1983)

cause is external compression due to coma induced by drugs or alcohol.Awareness of this condition is important, as leg weakness in a patient recovering from coma may be misinterpreted as being due to an intracranial lesion.Sciatic neuropathy occurring as an intra- operative pressure palsy or during prolonged immobilisation in bed is less well recognised than pressure palsies of the ulnar and peroneal nerves, but our findings illustrate that the sciatic nerve is also vulnerable in these situations.Six patients developed sciatic neuropathy after hip surgery, particularly hip replacement.In one centre this has been reported as occurring in 05 °, of hip replacement operations.3The nerve may be damaged by the heat of the setting cement, the cement itself, or by retraction.These neuropathies have been said to have a good prog- nosis for recovery, and our findings confirm this.
Experiments combining communication with punishment options demonstrate how individuals can overcome social dilemmas
Authors: Elinor Ostrom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Guala raises important questions about the misinterpretation of experimental studies that have found that subjects engage in costly punishment. Instead of positing that punishment is the solution for social dilemmas, earlier research posited that when individuals facing a social dilemma agreed on their own rules and used graduated sanctions, they were more likely to have robust solutions over time.
Acceptable HLA-mismatching in unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Hiroshi Yagasaki, Seiji Kojima, Hiromasa Yabe, Koji Kato, Hisato Kigasawa, Hisashi Sakamaki, Masahiro Tsuchida, Shunichi Kato, Takakazu Kawase, Yasuo Morishima, Yoshihisa Kodera
Journal: Blood (2011)
970 OCCURRENCE AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: O. Govaere, A. Katoonizadeh, M. Komuta, C. Janssen, F. de Luca, S. Vander Borght, C. Verslype, R. Aerts, B. Topal, F. Nevens, V.J. Desmet, M. Pinzani, T. Roskams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Rumination in Man.
Authors: N. O'D. Parks
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Ashton, R. I., April 14, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was much interested in Dr. Sinkler's paper on "Merycism or Rumination in Man," published in your issue of the 9th inst., as I recollect that when a young man, say from 18 to 25 years of age, I frequently, at long intervals, used to return my food, especially after a hearty meal when accompanied or more often<i>followed</i>by the use of wine or other alcoholic beverage, and finding it rather agreeable, remasticated and restored it to the stomach. I agree with Dr. Sinkler that rumination is not the result of indigestion but of improper mastication, at least in cases where, as in my own, the food returned is sweet and pleasant, and he is undoubtedly correct in his opinion that it passes out of the stomach and ceases to be returned to the mouth as soon as it becomes
Differential expression of Fas in tumour-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) and MF-like cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphoma
Authors: C. Debusscher, T. Simonart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Differentiation between cutaneous pseudolymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma is often a challenging question that goes well beyond mere academic debate because it carries important prognostic and therapeutic implications.1 Zoi‐Toli and colleagues recently reported loss of Fas expression in aggressive types of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, but not in indolent types of lymphoma.2 Here, we investigated whether this interesting observation could provide a criterion to differentiate mycosis fungoides (MF)‐like cutaneous T‐cell pseudolymphoma from tumour‐stage MF. Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections were obtained from three patients with tumour‐stage MF and from eight patients with MF‐like cutaneous T‐cell pseudolymphoma (lymphomatoid drug eruption, n = 2; idiopathic, n = 6), which were histologically characterized by a band‐like infiltrate of mostly T lymphocytes in the papillary dermis. All diagnoses were based on a combination of clinical, histological and immunophenotypic criteria, as described previously.3 Immunohistochemistry using anti‐Fas rabbit polyclonal antibody (C‐20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, U.S.A.) was carried out on 4 µm paraffin‐embedded sections. Briefly, the slides were heated on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plate at 90 °C for 15 min in a citrate buffer, pH 5·6. The sections were incubated with antihuman Fas (diluted 1 : 50 in TNB) and the signal was detected with a tyramide signal amplification kit (TSATM Biotin System, NEN Life Science, Boston, MA, U.S.A.). Negative controls were provided by replacing the primary antibody with non‐immune serum. The percentages of T cells expressing Fas were scored as follows: –, no or occasional positive cells; +, 10–50% positive cells; + +, > 50% positive cells).
Histochemical demonstration of desialation and desulphation of normal and inflammatory bowel disease rectal mucus by faecal extracts.
Authors: J M Rhodes, R R Black, R Gallimore, A Savage
Journal: Gut (1985)

Experiments were carried out to assess the susceptibility of normal and inflammatory bowel disease rectal mucus to desulphation and desialation by faecal extracts and by bacterial sialidase. The effects were assessed histochemically using a combined high iron diamine (HID) and alcian blue (AB) stain for sulphomucins and sialomucins. Rectal mucus in biopsies from controls (irritable bowel syndrome) and patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease was resistant to desialation by Clostridium perfringens sialidase, but susceptible to desialation and desulphation by bacteria-free extracts of normal faeces. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of adjacent sections similarly treated showed retention of neutral mucus. One faecal extract selectively desulphated all 42 biopsies, causing the goblet cells to change from HID positive to AB positive, suggesting that most, or all HID positive cells also contain sialomucins. This alters the interpretation of previous histochemical studies. Faecal extracts from patients with active ulcerative colitis (n = 6) had desialating and desulphating effects similar to faecal extracts from normal subjects (n = 6). Ulcerative colitis (n = 21), Crohn's disease (n = 18), and control (irritable bowel syndrome) (n = 17) rectal biopsies all showed similar susceptibility to desulphation by a pooled normal faecal extract, but rectal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease proved more resistant to desialation than control or ulcerative colitis biopsies (p less than 0.02). These studies imply that colonic mucus undergoes continual desulphation and desialation in vivo as a result of faecal enzyme activity that is probably mainly of bacterial origin. Altered susceptibility of colonic mucus to this may be important in the pathogenesis of colonic disease.
Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Turner's syndrome: a registry study
Authors: C. H. Gravholt, S. Juul, R. W. Naeraa, J. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study prevalence of Turner9s syndrome in Denmark and to assess validity of prenatal diagnosis. <b>Design</b>: Study of data on prenatal and postnatal Turner9s syndrome in Danish Cytogenetic Central Register. <b>Subjects</b>: All registered Turner9s syndrome karyotypes (100 prenatal cases and 215 postnatal cases) during 1970-93. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of Turner9s syndrome karyotypes among prenatally tested fetuses and Turner9s syndrome among liveborn infants. <b>Results</b>: Among infant girls, prevalence of Turner9s syndrome was 32/100000. Among female fetuses tested by amniocentesis, prevalence of Turner9s syndrome karyotypes was 176/100000 (relative risk of syndrome, 6.74 compared with prevalence among untested pregnancies). Among female fetuses tested by chorion villus sampling, prevalence of syndrome karyotypes was 392/100000 (relative risk, 16.8). We excluded prenatal tests referred because of results of ultrasound scanning: among fetuses tested by amniocentesis revised relative risk was 5.68, while revised relative risk among fetuses tested by chorion villus sampling was 13.3. For 29 fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of possible Turner9s syndrome, pregnancy was allowed to continue and 24 children were live born. Thirteen of these children were karyotyped postnatally, and diagnosis of Turner9s syndrome had to be revised for eight, seven being normal girls and one boy. This gives tentative predictive value of amniocentesis in diagnosing Turner9s syndrome of between 21% and 67%. There was no significant relation between mother9s age and risk of Turner9s syndrome. <b>Conclusions</b>: Discrepancy between prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Turner9s syndrome challenges specificity of prenatal examination in diagnosing Turner9s syndrome. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key Messages We used data from the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register to try to estimate whether this reflected a true rise in the prevalence of Turner9s syndrome Karyotypes of Turner9s syndrome were diagnosed prenatally at a much higher rate than the observed postnatal rate of the syndrome Of 24 children who were live born after prenatal diagnosis of possible Turner9s syndrome, 13 were karyotyped postnatally and diagnosis of Turner9s syndrome had to be revised for eight, seven being normal girls and one a boy. Discrepancy between prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Turner9s syndrome challenges specificity of prenatal examination in diagnosing Turner9s syndrome
The Training of Manpower Needed for Biomedical Research
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Increased federal interest in the health of the American people implies federal support not only of biomedical research but also of training the personnel competent to carry out that research. Mechanisms to implement support biomedical research training include institutional training grants, individual fellowships, training grants, training as part of research grants and contracts, and self-support with assistance by federal loans when necessary. Of these, the institutional grants provide the best mechanism since they are most likely to produce stable, high-quality scholarly programs that are continuously under peer review, and since they allow central direction of the mix of disciplines based on monitoring of current and projected requirements.
Epidemiological Study on the Effect of Pre-Hypertension and Family History of Hypertension on Cardiac Autonomic Function
Authors: Jin-Shang Wu, Feng-Hwa Lu, Yi-Ching Yang, Thy-Sheng Lin, Jia-Jin Chen, Chih-Hsing Wu, Ying-Hsiang Huang, Chih-Jen Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Immunization by Selective Infection With Type 4 Adenovirus Grown in Human Diploid Tissue Culture
Authors: William P. Edmondson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In a previous study (see pp 445-452) the response of adult volunteers to type 4 adenovirus administered in an enteric-coated capsule was evaluated. Infection produced in this manner was limited to the lower intestinal tract and was not associated with any signs or symptoms of illness. Selective intestinal infection with type 4 virus produced moderate levels of neutralizing antibody. In addition, infection did not spread to susceptible contacts despite their prolonged exposure to individuals who shed virus from the intestinal tract. The virus preparation which was studied most extensively was grown in human diploid fibroblast culture (WI 38) and was found to be free of adventitious microbial agents and of oncogenic activity in suckling hamsters. The total experience from the laboratory studies and from the response of the volunteers to enteric infection suggested that administration of type 4 adenovirus in an entericcoated capsule might provide a safe and effective means