tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversible Papilloedema due to Heart Failure
Authors: G. E. Beaumont
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MeatusPrimary carcinoma of the external auditory meatus is usually considered a rare disease.It is probably not so rare as is generally thought, but can be diagnosed only by biopsy.The early symptoms are aural discomfort, intense and continuous earache, and aural discharge.Local extension is rapid and glandular metastasis rare.Treatment in the early stage is by excision with the diathermy knife, combined in the later stage with radium beam therapy. ILLUSTRATIVE CASESCase 1.-Madame Le S., aged 46, was first seen on May 23, 1944, complaining of rapidly increasing deafness in the right ear, together with a slight purulent aural discharge and mild intermittent pain.Her symptoms were of only one month's duration.There was no -history of otitis media.Examination revealed a small papillomatous mass deep in the meatus on the postero-superior wall and hiding the drum.The rest of the meatus was the seat of a chronic eczema.A slight fetid purulent discharge was noted.There was a slight diminution in hearing (transmission deafness).Vestibular apparatus was normal.Radiography was negative.A first biopsy gave a doubtful result, but a second, a fortnight later, revealed the presence of a squamous-celled epithelioma.A radical mastoidectomy was performed at the end of June, the whole of the skin of the posterior wall of the meatus being removed.Some inflammatory granulations Physician to the Middlesex Hospital.
Activin A is an acute allergen-responsive cytokine and provides a link to TGF-β–mediated airway remodeling in asthma
Authors: C KARAGIANNIDIS, G HENSE, C MARTIN, M EPSTEIN, B RUCKERT, P MANTEL, G MENZ, S UHLIG, K BLASER, C SCHMIDTWEBER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Some Clinical and Laboratory Observations on the Hydriodide of Diethylaminoethyl Ester of Penicillin G (Neo-Penil)
Authors: Margaret E. Grigsby, Thomas H. Haight, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN 1950, Jensen, Dragsted and Kiaer,1 in Denmark, prepared the diethylaminoethyl ester of penicillin G and noted that it produced high levels in lungs and sputum after parenteral injection. Subsequently, they 2 , 3 showed that the hydriodide of this ester acted as a repository penicillin and also produced higher levels of penicillin in the lungs than either procaine penicillin or aqueous penicillin G (sodium salt). Clinical results in 13 cases of chronic bronchopulmonary infections and in 25 cases of pneumonia were highly favorable, the effects being exerted on penicillin-sensitive organisms.4 These results were confirmed in Great Britain by Heathcote and Nassau5 and . . .
The OX-44 molecule couples to signaling pathways and is associated with CD2 on rat T lymphocytes and a natural killer cell line.
Authors: G M Bell, W E Seaman, E C Niemi, J B Imboden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The MRC OX-44 molecule, which is expressed on all peripheral leukocytes, identifies the subset of thymocytes capable of proliferating in response to alloantigens and lectins (Paterson, D.J., J.R. Green, W.A. Jefferies, M. Puklavec, and A.F. Williams. 1987. J. Exp. Med. 165:1). When we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on the basis of their ability to activate the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in RNK-16 cells (a rat leukemia line with natural killer activity), three of the resulting mAbs recognized the OX-44 molecule. Addition of these mAbs to RNK-16 elicits protein tyrosine phosphorylation, generates inositol phosphates, and increases the concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium. These responses require the addition of intact mAb and are not observed with F(ab')2 fragments. One of these mAbs (7D2) is mitogenic for freshly isolated rat splenic T cells and synergizes with a mAb to the T cell antigen receptor in this activation. A 50-60-kD glycoprotein coprecipitates with the OX-44 molecule from RNK-16 cells and rat splenic T cells. Peptide mapping and reprecipitation studies indicate that the coprecipitating molecule is CD2. Thus, the OX-44 molecule can couple to multiple signaling pathways and associates with CD2 on both RNK-16 and rat T cells.
THE INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOUS INFECTION IN THE MILK SUPPLIES OF SCOTTISH CITIES
Authors: N. C. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1929)

I MEDICAL JCU--WA Moreover, there are among us people who " catch cold tore frequently than their neighbours.Most of them, but not all, will be found to have one or otlier of the septic foci melntioned above.Whlether or no, the suggestion mnay be advanced that these people are " carriers " of the virus, and very pronie to auto-inifection and to the heightening in virulence of the infectiv-c agent to such a degree that during the acute stage it can pass from one person to anothler.Thus the genieral _pon)ulation, the majority of whom are presumably not theruselves carriers, is pe'riodically exposed to infection froom a large niiPmiiber of celntr es simultaneously.Indeed, the well-knowni appearance of a pandemic in EEnglanid every sprin-g and autumn can best be explained by the concurrence of attacks in carriers sus- ceptible of meteorological influences; and transmitted by them to a populace whose-resistance is low.To put the matter in a nutslhell, a susceptible person or child-often a sufferer fiom chroniic nasal catarrh-develops acute catalrrh spoontaneously, and proceeds to infect his lhealthy neighbours; and exposure, fatigue, malnutrition, like any debilitating circumstance, favour the onset of the disease, both in the susceptible and in the mllore resistant, but they are not indispensable factors in the causation.The treatment of lnasal catarrh, of the chroi-ic as well as of the acute varicty, is dictated by our views upon its etiology.You and I, as rhillologists, deal with local causcs, as outlined above, sometimes witlh success, some- times not.Seconidly, bac-teriologists, convinced of the evil wrought by bacteria, seek to maintaill tlle patienit's resis- tance at a Iliiah le7 el by the administration of vaccines,
Efficacy of a Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre in Preventing Further Suicidal Behaviour
Authors: P. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A survey of parasuicide (attempted suicide) in general practice in Edinburgh allowed comparison of the rates of further suicidal behaviour in patients treated for their initial episode in the Edinburgh Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre and in those referred to psychiatrists elsewhere or not referred at all. Further suicidal behaviour was only one-third as common among those treated in the treatment centre as among non-admitted patients; patients referred to other psychiatric services did no better than those who were not referred to a psychiatrist at all. The difference in repetition frequencies could not be accounted for in terms of selection of patients in the treatment centre who were less likely to repeat. The tentative conclusion is made that crisis intervention of the kind available at the Edinburgh centre is effective in secondary prevention. The findings add support to Government recommendations that special units like the one in Edinburgh should be set up in other regions.
Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Connecting value and costs. Whom do we ask, and what do we ask them?
Authors: D. M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AS A SOCIETY, we are in conflict with ourselves about the cost of health care.<sup>1</sup>On one hand, we want the best care possible, regardless of cost. On the other hand, we are not willing to pay the cost of the care we want. Our conflict parallels a flaw in the medical marketplace. An essential condition for achieving an equilibrium between cost and value is that the two must be connected through decisions. When people decide what products and services (goods) they want, they must not only see the value they will receive, but they must also be responsible for the costs. Because of a variety of features of the medical marketplace—most notably third-party coverage, third-party advice, and uncertainty about outcomes—the required connection between value and cost is severed. The result is what we see. One side of our collective mind demands more services while the other side cries
'Brain death' and organ retrieval. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge and concepts among health professionals
Authors: Stuart Youngner, C. S. Landefeld, C. J. Coulton, B. W. Juknialis, M. Leary
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A sample of 195 physicians and nurses likely to be involved in organ procurement for transplantation was interviewed about knowledge, personal concepts, and attitudes concerning "brain death" and organ donation. Only 68 respondents (35%) correctly identified the legal and medical criteria for determining death. Personal concepts of death varied widely. Most respondents (58%) did not use a coherent concept of death consistently; others (19%) had a concept of death that was logically consistent with changing the whole-brain standard to classify anencephalics and patients in a persistent vegetative state as dead. The findings demonstrate confusion about correct criteria for determining death and differences in concepts of death that might prove troublesome to the transplantation enterprise. We conclude that health professionals should do more to resolve the clinical and conceptual issues in the definition and determination of death before policies concerning organ retrieval are changed.The authors surveyed 195 physicians and nurses likely to be involved in organ procurement for transplantation to determine knowledge, personal concepts, and attitudes concerning brain death and organ donation. Thirty-five percent of those surveyed correctly identified the legal and clinical criteria for determining death. There was a wide variation in personal concepts of death, with most respondents not using a coherent concept consistently. Others held a concept of death that was consistent with expanding the definition of brain death. Twenty-three percent of the respondents opposed required request laws. The authors conclude that their survey demonstrates confusion about determining death and differences in concepts of death that have implications for procurement of organs for transplantation. They recommend that health professionals do more to resolve the issues in the definition and determination of death.
Anti-DLL4 Has Broad Spectrum Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Dependent on Targeting DLL4-Notch Signaling in Both Tumor and Vasculature Cells
Authors: Wan-Ching Yen, Marcus M. Fischer, Mark Hynes, Jingjiang Wu, Edward Kim, Lucia Beviglia, V. Pete Yeung, Xiaomei Song, Ann M. Kapoun, John Lewicki, Austin Gurney, Diane M. Simeone, Timothy Hoey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We previously showed that targeting Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in colon and breast tumors inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor initiating cell frequency. In this report, we have extended these studies to pancreatic cancer and probed the mechanism of action in tumor and stromal cells involved in antitumor efficacy.Patient-derived pancreatic xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of anti-DLL4. To investigate the mechanism of action, we compared the activity of targeting DLL4 in tumor cells with an anti-human DLL4 antibody (anti-hDLL4) and in the host stroma/vasculature with an anti-mouse DLL4 antibody (anti-mDLL4). The effect of these antibodies on cancer stem cell frequency was examined by in vivo limiting dilution assays.The combination of anti-hDLL4 and anti-mDLL4 was efficacious in a broad spectrum of pancreatic tumor xenografts and showed additive antitumor activity together with gemcitabine. Treatment with either anti-hDLL4 or anti-mDLL4 delayed pancreatic tumor recurrence following termination of gemcitabine treatment, and the two together produced an additive effect. Anti-hDLL4 had a pronounced effect in reducing the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells based on serial transplantation and tumorsphere assays. In contrast, disruption of tumor angiogenesis with anti-mDLL4 alone or with anti-VEGF had minimal effects on tumorigenicity. Gene expression analyses indicated that anti-DLL4 treatment regulated genes that participate in Notch signaling, pancreatic differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer treatment through antagonism of DLL4/Notch signaling.
Handbook of Sleep Medicine
Authors: Christian Guilleminault
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 July 2001Handbook of Sleep MedicineChristian Guilleminault, MD, BiolDChristian Guilleminault, MD, BiolDStanford Disorders Clinic, Palo Alto, California. (Guilleminault)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00044 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Shneerson JM. 237 pages. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2000. $99.00. ISBN 0632051353. Order phone 800-759-6102.Field of medicine: Sleep disorders medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians who must recognize and treat sleep disorders.Purpose: To provide nonspecialists with information on sleep disorders and when to refer patients to a specialist.Content: Seven chapters discuss the various sleep disorders and their clinical features, tests and interpretation of results, and treatment. The remaining four chapters cover the nature of sleep, the physiology and pharmacology of sleep and wakefulness, and drugs used to treat sleep disorders.Highlights: The book provides the student and general ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford Disorders Clinic, Palo Alto, California. (Guilleminault) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 72KeywordsChildrenDrugsPharmacologySleepSleep disordersSoftware toolsSudden infant death syndrome ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Skewed T-cell differentiation in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma reversed by ex vivo T-cell culture with γc cytokines
Authors: Andrea Anichini, Roberta Mortarini, Luca Romagnoli, Paola Baldassari, Antonello Cabras, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Alessandro M. Gianni, Massimo Di Nicola
Journal: Blood (2005)
South Dakota abortion ban encourages other states
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

On 6 March South Dakota's governor, Michael Rounds, signed a bill to ban abortions in the state unless they are necessary to save the life of the mother. The bill has no exceptions to protect the woman's health or in cases of rape or incest. Doctors who perform abortions face fines and jail terms.

The South Dakota law is a deliberate challenge to Roe v Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision that made abortion legal in the United States. Since then, the Supreme Court has upheld several state laws requiring counselling, parental or spousal notification, and restrictions on clinics but has rejected state laws that do not have a health exception.

There are about 800 abortions a year in South Dakota, a rural state about a …
AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN CALLA-POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA AFTER IN-VITRO TREATMENT WITH J5 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AND COMPLEMENT
Authors: Jerome Ritz, RobertC. Bast, LuisA. Clavell, Thierry Hercend, StephenE. Sallan, JeffreyM. Lipton, Maryellen Feeney, DavidG. Nathan, StuartF. Schlossman
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Nonrheumatic Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: MARTIN KLUGHAUPT, M. D. FLAMM, E. WILLIAM HANCOCK, DONALD C. HARRISONN M.D.
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Twenty patients with mitral insufficiency (MI) due to ruptured chordae tendineae, papillary muscle infarction, or left ventricular enlargement with no organic disease of the mitral valve have been studied during the past 3 years. Nineteen had valve replacement, and one had plastic repair of ruptured chordae tendineae; all have been followed from 6 months to 3 years. Preoperative data were different in those who were improved by surgery (13 patients) and those who were not (seven patients). The group in which good results were obtained had a short history of heart failure, little or no evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement in the electrocardiograms and x-rays, and striking LA ν waves at catheterization. In the group demonstrating poor results, heart failure was of longer duration, gross four-chamber cardiomegaly was present, and LA ν waves were only moderate. Thus, patients with nonrheumatic mitral insufficiency with high-pressure LA regurgitant waves and only moderate LA enlargement are likely to benefit from mitral valve surgery, even when the primary cardiovascular disease is hypertension, arteriosclerosis, or a cardiomyopathy. These patients generally have ruptured chordae tendineae.
Carnoy's fixative reduces the number of chymase‐positive cells in immunocytochemical staining of cord‐blood‐derived human cultured mast cells
Authors: N. Kanbe, M. Kurosawa, Y Miyachi, M. Kanbe, D. Kempurap, H. Tachimoto, H. Saito
Journal: Allergy (1998)

KleinJan et al, (Allergy 1996;51:614‐20) reported that Carnoy's fixative reduced the number of chymase‐positive mast cells in the nasal mucosa. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether Carnoy's fixative reduces the number of chymase‐positive cells from cord‐blood‐derived human cultured mast cells when compared with other types of fixatives. Human mast cells were obtained by culturing cord‐blood‐derived CD34‐positive cells in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin‐6. Staining procedures of the cells in fixation with Carnoy's fixative and with other fixatives gave no differences among the number of tryptase‐positive cells, whereas fixation with Carnoy's fixative for 15 min gave a significant decrease i n the number of chymase‐positive cells compared with acetone for 10 min. The number of chymase‐positive cells decreased in a time‐dependent manner under fixation with Carnoy's fixative, indicating that Carnoy's fixative had a negative effect on the number of chymase‐positive cells from cord‐blood derived human cultured mast cells.
THE FIELD OF THE SECTION ON PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION, AT THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 7-10, 1904.
Authors: JOSEPH McFARLAND
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In accordance with past precedent and the dictates of our program, it becomes my pleasant duty to address a few words to those who have labored in the Section on Pathology and Physiology, congratulatory of its past successes and anticipatory of its future. Born in 1900 in this city by the sea, our infant Section has been nurtured amid surroundings most conducive to successful growth and development. Its first anniversary found it on the banks of the Father of Waters in far-away St. Paul, where it learned to stand alone; its second anniversary among the healthful springs of Saratoga; its third among the flowers of New Orleans, and its fourth in the city of its birth. Feeble at the start, its life despaired of even by those most interested in its welfare, it has successfully passed through the dangers of infancy, until we now find it a vigorous and lusty baby,
Some Observations on Subtertian Malaria
Authors: W. E. Laufer
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CHOLESTEROL IN CORONARY THROMBOSISI 1281thrombosis, that mere restriction of dietary cholesterol serves no purpose, immediate or late, in the prevention or treatment of coronary artery disease, and that the develop- ment of atheroma is not dependent on the cholesterol in the diet.This conclusion is in agreement with the findings of Keys et al. (1950), who showed that lowering of the blood cholesterol cannot be achieved by mere reduction of dietary cholesterol, but only by a diet entirely free from cholesterol,
" Deeper Brain Surgery."
Authors: C. L. Dana
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —With reference to your interesting comments on Dr. Keen's article in the<i>Medical News</i>advocating exploratory puncture and tapping of the cerebral ventricles, will you allow me to say this: The operation was, I believe, first suggested by Wernicke, and latterly again by Dr. Zenner, of Cincinnati. Last spring I had a patient upon whom I made a diagnosis of cerebellar tumor. The intense pain, rapid development of optic neuritis and other symptoms led me to think it probable that there was pressure on the venæ galeni and excess of fluid in the ventricles. The idea of tapping them occurred to me, but in talking over the subject with Dr. Weir he was inclined to discourage it, considering deep punctures of the brain far from safe. The patient died. A tumor was found involving nearly the whole of the left cerebellar hemisphere and part of the middle lobe.
Letter: Malaria in the United Kingdom.
Authors: A Bryceson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

looked in the drug addiction film "The Man with the Golden Arm." Then at my outpatient clinic another patient suffering from neurotic depression told me how very ill she felt after stoppng her regimen of phenelzine and haloperidol to go on to lorazepam.The lorazepam made her excessively drowsy and she stopped it after a day or so but then she felt depressed and irritable and also described this feeling of cold and shivering.This last symptom is quite reminiscent of the "cold turkey" reaction to the with- drawal of narcotics from the habituated, and the reaction followed so swiftly the disoon- tinuation of the drug that I wonder if it might not represent a genuine physical res- ponse to deprival of the drug rather than a purely psychological one or the return of the depression.The medical adviser to the manufacturers tells me that no such with- drawal symptoms have previously been re- ported but I wonder if any of your readers can record similar experiences?-Iam, etc., BRICE PI1-rThe London Hospital (St.Clement's) London E.3 Malaria in the United Kingdom SIR,-In your epidemiological report (5 January, p. 43) you mention 84 cases of malaria in immigrants to the U.K. in 1972.The adult populations of countries where malaria is endemic are generally considered to be inmune to malaria in the sense that they do not suffer overt attacks of the disease.It would be valuable to know if there is any record of the proportion of innigrants in whom malaria was considered to be the cause of their illness rather than simply a concomitant finding, the number of adults, and whether any factors were found, such as acute infections or steroid therapy, which might have been responsible for a temporary lowering of resistance to malaria.-Iam, etc.,
Neuronal injury: folate to the rescue?
Authors: Golo Kronenberg, Matthias Endres
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Strong epidemiological evidence indicates that derangement of single-carbon metabolism has detrimental effects for proper CNS functioning. Conversely, a role for folate supplementation in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders remains to be established. In this issue of the JCI, in an elegant series of experiments in rodents, Iskandar and colleagues demonstrate a crucial role of folate in the regeneration of afferent spinal neurons after injury. Probing sequential steps in folate metabolism, from cellular entry to DNA methylation, the authors show that axonal regeneration relies upon the integrity of DNA methylation pathways. These findings provide the first demonstration of an epigenetic mechanism contributing to neurorepair and suggest that manipulation of the methylation milieu may offer promising new therapeutic avenues to promote regeneration.