tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pupillary Dilation and Tropicamide
Authors: Blake R. Shaw, Richard A. Lewis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Pupillary Dilation and TropicamideBLAKE R. SHAW, M.D., RICHARD A. LEWIS, M.D.BLAKE R. SHAW, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD A. LEWIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-775_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Steinmann and colleagues (1) have reviewed the benefits and limitations of funduscopic screening by the primary care practitioner and have shown that instilling one drop of 1% tropicamide facilitates the funduscopic examination.Inducing an attack of angle-closure glaucoma is rare and tangential illumination of the iris will identify many patients who may be prone to an angle-closure attack; the fear of inducing angle-closure should not deter the physician from pupillary dilation.We emphasize, however, the possibility of provoking an elevation of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma. In patients with open angle glaucoma, we...References1. STEINMANNMILLSTEINSINCLAIR WMS. Pupillary dilation with tropicamide 1% for funduscopic screening. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:181-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHAWLEWIS BR. Intraocular pressure elevation after pupillary dilation in open angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104:1185-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffects of mydriatics on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the normal feline eyeEffects of topical 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular pressure in normal cats 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 775-776KeywordsFearGlaucomaIntraocular pressure Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chipping Away at Marble-Bone Disease
Authors: Michael P. Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Osteopetrosis (marble-bone disease) results from diminished skeletal resorption.1 We are certain of this pathogenesis because histologic studies of bone show that primary spongiosa — the scaffolding synthesized by chondrocytes in growth plates for subsequent deposition of osseous tissue — is not removed by osteoclasts during skeletal remodeling (turnover). Instead, this form of cartilage becomes encased as “islands” within trabecular bone and persists away from sites of endochondral bone formation. Bone formation continues normally, and the bones become increasingly dense.1 When skeletal resorption is profoundly impaired, the neural foramina do not widen, the medullary space is choked with bone, and skeletal . . .
Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects.
Authors: M K Sinha, J P Ohannesian, M L Heiman, A Kriauciunas, T W Stephens, S Magosin, C Marco, J F Caro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We studied 24-h profiles of circulating leptin levels using a sensitive and specific RIA in lean controls and obese subjects with or without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) during normal routine activity. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in obese (41.7 +/- 9.0 ng/ml; n = 11) and obese NIDDM (30.8 +/- 6.7; n = 9) subjects compared with those in lean controls (12.0 +/- 4.4, n = 6). In all the three groups, serum leptin levels were highest between midnight and early morning hours and lowest around noon to midafternoon. The nocturnal rise in leptin levels was significant when data were analyzed by ANOVA (lean: F = 3.17, P < 0.0001, n = 4; obese: F = 2.02, P < 0.005, n = 11; and obese NIDDM: F = 4.9, P < 0.0001, n = 5). The average circadian amplitude between acrophase and nadir was 75.6% in lean, 51.7%, in obese and 60.7% in obese NIDDM groups, respectively. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were observed between circulating levels of leptin and either insulin or glucose levels in any of the 20 subjects studied for 24-h profiles. The nocturnal rise in leptin observed in the present study resembles those reported for prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free fatty acids. We speculate that the nocturnal rise in leptin could have an effect in suppressing appetite during the night while sleeping.
Loss of imprinting at the 14q32 domain is associated with microRNA overexpression in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Floriana Manodoro, Jacek Marzec, Tracy Chaplin, Farideh Miraki-Moud, Eva Moravcsik, Jelena V. Jovanovic, Jun Wang, Sameena Iqbal, David Taussig, David Grimwade, John G. Gribben, Bryan D. Young, Silvana Debernardi
Journal: Blood (2014)
An OsCEBiP/OsCERK1-OsRacGEF1-OsRac1 Module Is an Essential Early Component of Chitin-Induced Rice Immunity
Authors: Akira Akamatsu, Hann Lin Wong, Masayuki Fujiwara, Jun Okuda, Keita Nishide, Kazumi Uno, Keiko Imai, Kenji Umemura, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Yoji Kawano, Ko Shimamoto
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Joint capsule collagen in osteoarthrosis.
Authors: C Herbert, M I Jayson, A J Bailey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

It has long been recognized that although osteoarth- rosis is characterized by degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and bones, changes in the capsule play an important part in the symptoms.The capsule becomes thickened and lacks its normal pliability, thus restricting normal movement (Gade, 1947; Apley, 1969) and resulting in pain in the joint.Similarly, Jayson (1969) described a series of patients with arthralgia and increased joint capsule stiffness.Incision, or partial removal of the osteoarthritic capsule, relieves the pain and improves the range of movement and degree of deformity (Lloyd-Roberts, 1953; Gade, 1947).The joint cavity and articular surfaces have no pain receptors whilst the capsule is richly supplied with pain fibres (Gardner, 1948;Kellgren and Samuel, 1950), strongly suggesting that the stiffening of the capsule leads to pressure on the pain receptors (Apley, 1969).The mechanical stiffness of the capsule depends to a large extent on the fibrous protein collagen.Changes in the quantity Reduced cross-link Hydroxylysinonorleucine (1B2)
Abuse of Medical Students-Reply
Authors: Henry K. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Greenberg that implementation of sounder educational principles would be of value in the education of medical students. However, we believe that the past experiences of the resident or faculty member guilty of abusing students, the abusive behavior they may have experienced when they were medical students, and their early upbringing and personality, as well as the current stresses they are experiencing, are more important as underlying factors precipitating episodes of abuse. Ms Matkovich's suggestion that the personal growth and maturity that develop among other young adults may fail to occur among students of medicine is consistent with our finding that there is a greater appreciation of abuse among older than younger students in the freshman and sophomore classes. As a follow-up of Ms Rawlins' comments, it would be of interest to find out whether student nurses report an appreciably different pattern of abuse than
Turner-Mongolism Polysyndrome
Authors: Manuel M. Villaverde
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To date, a total of eight cases of the Turner-mongolism polysyndrome have been recognized. The clinical manifestations include retarded growth (resulting in a small and infantile appearance), with shield-like chest, poorly developed breasts, absent body hair, brachycephaly, short neck with foldings and low hairline, oblique eyes with epicanthal folds, squat nose, scrotal or normal tongue, abnormal hard palate (high or cleft), short hands and feet, frequent cubitus valgus, normal clitoris (may be either hypoplastic or peniform), mental retardation, and the XO/G+ karyotype, mosaic for XO in most instances. At this time, a single cause for all cases of the double aneuploidy is not known. (<i>JAMA</i>234:844-847, 1975)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Clinically Suspected Acute Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jaywant P. Parmar, Walter J. Rogers, John P. Mugler, Erol Baskurt, Talissa A. Altes, Kiran R. Nandalur, George J. Stukenborg, C. Douglas Phillips, Klaus D. Hagspiel, Alan H. Matsumoto, Michael D. Dake, Christopher M. Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture is thought to cause transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke (IS). Pathological hallmarks of these plaques have been identified through observational studies. Although generally accepted, the relationship between cerebral thromboembolism and in situ atherosclerotic plaque morphology has never been directly observed noninvasively in the acute setting.Consecutive acutely symptomatic patients referred for stroke protocol magnetic resonance imaging/angiography underwent additional T1- and T2-weighted carotid bifurcation imaging with the use of a 3-dimensional technique with blood signal suppression. Two blinded reviewers performed plaque gradings according to the American Heart Association classification system. Discharge outcomes and brain magnetic resonance imaging results were obtained. Image quality for plaque characterization was adequate in 86 of 106 patients (81%). Eight TIA/IS patients with noncarotid pathogenesis were excluded, yielding 78 study patients (38 men and 40 women with a mean age of 64.3 years, SD 14.7) with 156 paired watershed vessel/cerebral hemisphere observations. Thirty-seven patients had 40 TIA/IS events. There was a significant association between type VI plaque (demonstrating cap rupture, hemorrhage, and/or thrombosis) and ipsilateral TIA/IS (P<0.001). A multiple logistic regression model including standard Framingham risk factors and type VI plaque was constructed. Type VI plaque was the dominant outcome-associated observation achieving significance (P<0.0001; odds ratio, 11.66; 95% confidence interval, 5.31 to 25.60).In situ type VI carotid bifurcation region plaque identified by magnetic resonance imaging is associated with ipsilateral acute TIA/IS as an independent identifier of events, thereby supporting the dominant disease pathophysiology.
Coeliac plexus block for control of pain in chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: S N Bell, R Cole, I C Roberts-Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The following details were not stated: the type of sphygmomanometer (61 papers), the diastolic end-point ( 62), the position of the subject (49), and the number of measurements per assessment (70).Virtually no information was given for the remaining data.We could find no obvious difference between reporting in 1969 and 1979, but the number of studies (36) for 1969 was relatively small.
The Epidemiology of Childhood Cardiomyopathy in Australia
Authors: Alan W. Nugent, Piers E.F. Daubeney, Patty Chondros, John B. Carlin, Michael Cheung, Lynette C. Wilkinson, Andrew M. Davis, Stephen G. Kahler, C.W. Chow, James L. Wilkinson, Robert G. Weintraub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The incidence and age distribution of primary cardiomyopathy in children are not well defined. We undertook a population-based, retrospective cohort study in Australia to document the epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy.
Severe pulmonary hypertension leading to heart–lung transplantation and revealing breast cancer
Authors: Tania Madjer, Isabelle Danner-Boucher, Delphine Horeau-Langlard, Alain Haloun, Thierry Lepoivre, Christine Sagan, Antoine Magnan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

were removed to analyse fibrotic changes.As shown in figure 1a, the severity of fibrotic changes as indicated by the Ashcroft score was similar in wildtype and PAR-4 deficient animals (score of mean¡SEM 3.46¡0.25 and 2.48¡0.50,respectively, p50.13).In line, collagen deposition as assessed using Masson's trichrome stainings was also similar in wildtype and PAR-4 deficient mice (mean¡SEM arbitrary units of 2.2¡0.9 and 2.0¡0.8,respectively, p50.88; fig. 1b).Finally, we determined pro-fibrotic gene expression in the lungs of bleomycin treated mice and, as shown in figure 1c, no differences in fibronectin, collagen 1 and collagen 3 levels between wildtype and PAR-4 deficient mice were observed.Overall these data thus indicate that PAR-4 does not play a significant role in the regulation of pulmonary fibrosis.Although extrapolation of our data to other fibrotic disorders should be performed with great care, our data argue against an important role of PAR-4 in fibrotic disease and once more stress that in vitro data should not be over interpreted by claiming potential roles in vivo.
Microvascular perfusion is impaired in a rat model of normotensive sepsis.
Authors: C Lam, K Tyml, C Martin, W Sibbald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We hypothesized that normotensive sepsis affects the ability of the microcirculation to appropriately regulate microregional red blood cell (RBC) flux. An extensor digitorum longus muscle preparation for intravital study was used to compare the distribution of RBC flux and the functional hyperemic response in SHAM rats and rats made septic by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Using intravital microscopy, we found that sepsis was associated with a 36% reduction in perfused capillary density (from 35.3 +/- 1.5 to 22.5 +/- 1.0 capillaries/mm of test line) and a 265% increase in stopped-flow capillaries (from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 capillaries/mm); the spatial distribution of perfused capillaries was also 72% more heterogeneous. Mean intercapillary distance (ICD) increased 30% (from 25.7 +/- 0.8 to 33.5 +/- 1.6 microns), and the proportion of capillary pairs with intercapillary distances > 33.8 microns (the 75th percentile of ICDSHAM) was greater with sepsis. Mean capillary RBC velocity increased 17% in CLP rats (391 vs 333 microns/s). Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess the functional hyperemic response of the extensor digitorum longus muscle before and after a period of maximal twitch contraction designed to increase oxygen demand. RBC flux was 36% lower in the CLP rats at rest. After contraction, RBC flux increased in both SHAM and CLP rats; however, the relative increase was less in the CLP group. We concluded that sepsis affects the ability of the skeletal muscle microcirculation to appropriately distribute RBC flux and to respond to increases in oxygen need.
Abstract 2724: Prometastatic variants of mouse gastric cancer cells demonstrated the resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Authors: Jun Won Park, Heung Tae Kim, Jeffrey E. Green, Hark Kyun Kim, Seok Hun Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We have established a primary cultured cell line from glandular stomach of a genetically-engineered mouse that spontaneously developed adenocarcinomas in stomach and intestine using cre-mediated deletion of floxed tumor suppressor alleles in epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal tract. To derive prometastatic variant, high-Epcam+ subpopulation was obtained using FACS from this cell line. These cells were injected subcutaneously into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, and allowed to grow until the mouse showed evidence of lung metastases. The metastatic foci were re-implanted subcutaneously into a new SCID mouse. When the mouse showed lung metastases, prometastatic variant was cultured from the metastatic foci. Compared with parental cells, prometastatic variant cells showed enhanced tumorigenicity, as measured by a decreased latent period and higher take rate, and faster invivo growth as well as higher metastatic potential. Moreover, these cells readily grew orthotopically in syngeneic mice by 100% take rates. This cell line was also successfully used for testing novel immunotherapeutic agents. Importantly,this cell demonstrated increased invitro IC50 for cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent including 5-FU, as compared with parental cells. Thus,stem-like characteristics enriched in prometastatic variants of mouse gastric cancer cells may induce the resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, supporting the cancer stem cell hypothesis for drug resistance in GI cancers. (supported by the Proteogenomic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; and by Korean National Cancer Center Grant 121005). Citation Format: Jun Won Park, Heung Tae Kim, Jeffrey E. Green, Hark Kyun Kim, Seok Hun Jang. Prometastatic variants of mouse gastric cancer cells demonstrated the resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2724. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2724 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Comparison of human versus porcine insulin in treatment of diabetes in children.
Authors: S A Greene, M A Smith, B Cartwright, J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Objective:</h3> There is a significant unmet need for serum biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that are predictive of therapeutic response to disease-modifying therapies. Following a recent Stanford study which reported that pretreatment levels of serum interleukin (IL)-17F could predict poor response to interferon-β (IFNβ) therapy, we sought to validate the finding using samples from a large clinical trial. <h3>Methods:</h3> The validation cohort included 54 good responders (GR) and 64 poor responders (PR) selected from 762 subjects with RRMS from the IM IFNβ-1a dose comparison study (Avonex study C94-805). Subjects were classified as GR and PR based on the number of relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and new and enlarging T2 lesions on MRI. Serum samples were assayed for IL-17F using a multiplexed Luminex assay and for IL-17F/F using an ELISA. Replicate aliquots from the Stanford study were also assayed to assure reproducibility of methods. <h3>Results:</h3> Median pretreatment and post-treatment serum IL-17F levels were not statistically significantly different between GR and PR, and serum IL-7/IL-17F ratios were also not predictive of response status. Replicate aliquots from the Stanford study showed good correlation to their original cohort (<i>r</i> = 0.77). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> We were unable to validate the finding that serum IL-17F is a predictor of PR in a large independent cohort of subjects with RRMS. Differences in patient populations and methodology might explain the failure to validate the results from the Stanford study.
Ulceration by Oral Ferrous Sulfate
Authors: Thabet R. Abbarah
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WHEN ingested in toxic proportions, ferrous sulfate is known to have a corrosive effect on the gastric mucosa, with necrosis and petechial hemorrhages.<sup>1-3</sup>To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of such effects on the hypopharynx or esophageal mucosa. We report a case of ulceration and swelling of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus after a single 525-mg ferrous sulfate tablet became lodged in the hypopharynx. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 89-year-old woman entered the emergency department complaining of dysphagia after taking a ferrous pill 2 1/2 hours earlier. There was severe edema of the arytenoids and swelling in the aryepiglottic fold and piriform sinus on the left. The vocal cords appeared normal, and no foreign body was visualized. Lateral xerograms of the neck showed considerable swelling of the aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids, and prevertebral soft tissue in the area of the hypopharynx cervical esophagus. A barium
Hereditary Ataxia and Spastic Paraplegia in Portugal
Authors: Paula Coutinho, Luis Ruano, José L. Loureiro, Vitor T. Cruz, José Barros, Assunção Tuna, Clara Barbot, João Guimarães, Isabel Alonso, Isabel Silveira, Jorge Sequeiros, José Marques Neves, Pedro Serrano, M. Carolina Silva
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Importance: Epidemiological data on hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) are scarce.Objective: To present the prevalence and distribution of HCA and HSP in Portugal.
Assuring research integrity in the wake of Wakefield
Authors: D. J. Opel, D. S. Diekema, E. K. Marcuse
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Not just a bad apple, but a defective barrel?

In a grove of trees in the grounds of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, is a statue in memory of Albert Einstein. On it are engraved three of his sayings. One reads: “The right to search for truth implies also a duty; one must not conceal any part of what one has recognised to be true.”

Science is our best way of knowing. When work presented as science is shown to be corrupt, it not only discredits that work and its authors, but it also discredits science. The series of linked articles by Brian Deer illustrate many of the ways that science can be corrupted.1 2 3 Above all, Deer shows that the conventional biomedical research mechanisms intended to assure research integrity completely failed⇓.



Unfortunately, we have been here before. Investigators involved with the 1932 US Public Health Service Tuskegee Syphilis Study deceitfully enrolled subjects with latent syphilis and denied them available treatment for 40 years in order to study the natural course of the disease.4 As part of a 1963 study to determine the body’s ability to reject foreign cells, patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital were injected with live cancer cells without their knowledge and without oversight from the institution’s research committee.5 From 1944 to 1974, the US government conducted several radiation experiments, some of which involved the use of …
Unsuspected Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Stephen E. Vernon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ESOPHAGEAL perforation has been seen more frequently in recent years because of the increased use of instrumentation as well as the increase in the number of surgical procedures performed on the esophagus.<sup>1</sup>Despite aggressive therapy, including surgical drainage and antibiotics, mortality remains high. If therapy is delayed, mortality is reportedly as high as 86%.<sup>2</sup>The following cases were recently seen at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and represent unsuspected perforations of an unusual cause with a fatal outcome. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> An 81-year-old man was admitted to the UCLA Medical Center with a three-day history of left precordial pain associated with dyspnea. The pain was increased with deep inspiration and by lying on his left side. A "sore lump" in the throat was noted about one week before admission. Chest roentgenograms demonstrated an elevated left hemidiaphragm, with a left pleural effusion and cardiomegaly.
Hepatitis B virus E antigen but not HBV core is presented to specific CD4+ T cells via the endogenous antigen processing pathway
Authors: H.M. Diepolder, G. Ries, M.-C. Jung, H.-J. Schlicht, J.-T. Gerlach, N. Grüner, P.H. Hofschneider, W.H. Caselmann, G.R. Pape
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)