tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced Diseases
Authors: Norman Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This third volume of an important series contains 28 articles, principally from the United States and the Netherlands, with others from India, Israel, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The articles are uniformly excellent; they are objectively critical and well-organized, and have extensive, up-to-date bibliographies. The introductory paper will orient the clinician quickly to the field of adverse drug reactions. Meyler classifies reactions into ten categories, such as dose-related toxicity, hypersensitivity, and predisposing inborn errors of metabolism, and illustrates the various categories with brief and clear examples. The thorough review of digitalis toxicity is pertinent in this era in which more patients suffer from overdigitalization than from underdigitalization. Six articles consider the relationship of oral contraceptives to venous and arterial thrombosis, hepatic dysfunction, pseudotumor cerebri, and (!) ovarian fibrosis. It is both clinically and pathogenetically important that methysergide causes endocardial and pulmonary fibrosis as well as retroperitoneal fibrosis,
Cellular Distribution of Retinoic Acid Receptor&amp;ndash;&amp;alpha; in Benign Hyperplastic and Malignant Human Prostates: Comparison with Androgen, Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status
Authors: K. Gyftopoulos, G. Sotiropoulou, I. Varakis, G.A. Barbalias
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Myocardial release of malondialdehyde and purine compounds during coronary bypass surgery.
Authors: G Lazzarino, P Raatikainen, M Nuutinen, J Nissinen, B Tavazzi, D Di Pierro, B Giardina, K Peuhkurinen
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Free radicals and lipid peroxidation have been suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of myocardial reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present study was to monitor myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) production as an index of lipid peroxidation during ischemia-reperfusion sequences in patients undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting. There has been a lot of debate on the role of xanthine oxidase as a potential superoxide anion generator and thus lipid peroxidation in human myocardium. To evaluate the activity of xanthine oxidase pathway, we measured the changes in the transcardiac concentration differences in adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. METHODS AND RESULTS The coronary sinus-aortic root differences (CS-Ao) of MDA, oxypurines, and nucleosides were measured by a recently developed ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Fifteen patients were included in the study, and 13 of them demonstrated a more than 10-fold increase in net myocardial production of MDA on intermittent reperfusion during the aortic cross-clamp period. In 2 patients, MDA was not detectable in any of the CS or Ao samples. Before aortic cross-clamping, the CS-Ao concentration differences in adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid were 0.59 +/- 0.19, 0.23 +/- 0.05, 0.89 +/- 0.36, 0.58 +/- 0.32, and 11.4 +/- 4.9 mumol/L, respectively. After aortic cross-clamping, the sum of the transcardiac differences of these compounds increased up to 2.8-fold and then gradually decreased after declamping of the aorta. There was a weak positive correlation between transcardiac concentration differences of MDA and xanthine plus uric acid (r = .48, P &lt; .01). The postoperative functional recovery or leakage of cardiac enzymes was not affected by the level of MDA net release during the aortic cross-clamp period, however. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that myocardial lipid peroxidation, estimated as MDA formation, is common during intermittent ischemia-reperfusion sequences in coronary bypass surgery, although some patients may be better protected. Xanthine oxidase appears to be operative in human myocardium, and free radicals generated in this reaction might also be involved in the observed lipid peroxidation process. Increased degradation of myocardial adenine nucleotides and concomitant lipid peroxidation may play a specific role in the development of reperfusion injury. In this study, however, more extensive lipid peroxidation was not associated with impaired functional recovery.
Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002
Authors: Paul Aylin, Alex Bottle, Brian Jarman, Paul Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To describe trends in mortality of open cardiac surgery in children in Bristol and England since 1991. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics data. <b>Setting</b> All open cardiac surgery of children in England. <b>Population</b> Patients younger than 16 undergoing open cardiac surgical procedures in England between April 1991 and March 2002. Three time periods were defined: epoch 3 (April 1991 to March 1995), epoch 5 (April 1996 to March 1999), epoch 6 (April 1999 to March 2002). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mortality in hospital within 30 days of a cardiac procedure. <b>Results</b> We identified 5221 open operations between April 1996 and March 2002 in children under 1 year and 6385 in children aged 1-15 years. Mortality for all centres combined fell from 12% in epoch 3 to 4% in epoch 6. Mortality in children under 1 year at Bristol fell from 29% (95% confidence interval 21% to 37%) in epoch 3 to 3% (1% to 6%) in epoch 6, below the national average. The reduction in mortality did not seem to be due to fewer high risk procedures or an increase in the numbers of low risk cases. Oxford had a significantly higher mortality than the national average in all three epochs (11% (5% to 18%) in epoch 6), which was not affected by adjusting for procedure or the inclusion of cases with missing outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> At Bristol, mortality for open operations in children aged under 1 year has fallen markedly, to below the national average. Nationwide mortality has also fallen. Improved quality of care may account for the drop in mortality, through new technologies or improved perioperative and postoperative care, or both.
Whipple's disease: comparison of histology with diagnosis based on polymerase chain reaction in four consecutive cases.
Authors: C Muller, D Petermann, C Stain, H Riemer, H Vogelsang, P Schnider, K Zeiler, F Wrba
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based detection of species specific sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of Tropheryma whippelii is a recently described method for diagnosis of Whipple9s disease. AIMS: Comparison of histology with PCR in mucosal samples of patients with Whipple9s disease before, during, and after treatment. Detection of T whippelii in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a non-invasive test for infection. METHODS: Four consecutive patients with histologically proven Whipple9s disease were studied prospectively. RESULTS: In untreated patients biopsy specimens taken from regions with PAS positive macrophages gave a positive result with PCR for T whippelii; however, a PCR signal was also found in tissue biopsy specimens from mucosal regions with negative histology. In two of the patients the PCR performed with nucleic acids extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positive. After treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim the PCR became negative after one month in two patients and after two months in the third patient treated, whereas PAS positive macrophages were found throughout the treatment period in two patients and disappeared in only one of them thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of T whippelii specific sequences based on the PCR is useful to confirm the diagnosis, is able to detect a positive signal in samples taken from histologically negative mucosal areas, and can be used to monitor treatment. The PCR can sometimes be positive in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but this cellular compartment cannot be taken as a substitute for duodenal biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of Whipple9s disease.
Asthma and Rhinitis Due to Ethylcyanoacrylate Instant Glue
Authors: Shelby K. Kopp, Roy T. McKAY, David R. Moller, Kelly Cassedy, Stuart M. Brooks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A 32-year-old man developed asthma due to a cyanoacrylate ester instant glue used in building remote control model airplanes. Typical asthma and rhinitis symptoms developed after 1 year using the adhesive. Delayed onset of symptoms was consistently related to the application of the glue to balsa wood. Bronchial provocation to the glue vapors in a manner simulating his home exposure resulted in a late asthmatic response with rhinorrhea and lacrimation. Increased bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine occurred after bronchial challenge and persisted for several weeks. Complete resolution of the patient's asthma symptoms occurred with avoidance of the glue. Reversion to a negative methacholine challenge test occurred after 6 months of continued avoidance.
A Therapeutic Score Card for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Otto Steinbrocker, Alfred Blazer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

CLINICAL experience and the lack of some accepted system in the literature impressed us with the need for a standardized scheme of appraising therapeutic results in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. We therefore devised the method now used in the Arthritis Clinic of Bellevue Hospital, the so-called "Therapeutic Score Card," which offers an objective and comparatively accurate method of measuring the response to therapy.One purpose of such a scheme is, so far as possible, to divest therapeutic study of the subjective influence of the patient and of the prejudicial enthusiasm of the physician. Another is to provide a uniform method that . . .
Abstract IA18: Altered AR gene architecture and splicing in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Scott M. Dehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Reactivation of the androgen receptor (AR) during androgen depletion therapy (ADT) underlies castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa). Altered splicing of the AR gene and synthesis of constitutively-active COOH-terminally truncated AR variants lacking the AR ligand binding domain has emerged as an important mechanism of ADT-resistance in CRPCa. To understand mechanisms that may promote synthesis of these species, we have been studying the PCa progression models in which altered AR splicing patterns were originally discovered. Remarkably, these models all harbor distinct intragenic rearrangements in the AR gene, which are linked to their individual splicing signatures. For example, the CRPCa 22Rv1 cell line harbors a 35kb intragenic tandem duplication of AR exon 3 and flanking sequences, which results in expression of an exon 3-duplicated full-length AR and multiple truncated AR variant species. The CRPCa LuCaP 86.2 xenograft harbors an 8,579 bp deletion of AR exons 5, 6, and 7, which promotes synthesis of the truncated AR v567es variant. Targeted paired-end re-sequencing of the AR gene in CWR-R1 cells led to the discovery of a 48 kb deletion in AR intron 1, which is linked to a splice switch favoring synthesis of the AR-V7/AR3 variant. Copy number imbalances occur across the length of the AR gene in clinical CRPCa, often concurrent with amplification, indicating complex patterns of intragenic AR gain and loss in human disease. These findings portend ongoing discovery of diverse truncated AR variants in CRPCa and define a new class of AR gene alterations that may drive ADT-resistance at this stage of the disease. Citation Format: Scott M. Dehm. Altered AR gene architecture and splicing in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Should doctors charge doctors for medical services?
Authors: A Kenney
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Traditionally, doctors seeing other doctors, their wives, or their dependent children as private patients have charged no fee. Charging between professional colleagues has been regarded as undignified, unpleasant, and unseemly.

In the days before comprehensive insurance, charges to patients were an appreciable burden, which doctors were reluctant to inflicit on their colleagues. The lack of a charge cements relationships and shows that the medical profession, unlike some other professions, refuses to bow to outside pressure to make it more financially aware and money driven. There is, however, increasing pressure to change this practice - not …
Marriage and Parenthood
Authors: D. Saklatvala
Journal: BMJ (1944)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Non-polypoid low-grade dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a medium increased risk of colorectal cancer, while treatment recommendations remain controversial. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment for non-polypoid dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and clinical trials registry from database inception to the search date will be used to retrieve eligible studies. Studies that report the curative resection rate or any of other secondary outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with non-polypoid dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease will be included in the analysis. We will conduct quantitative synthesis if the eligible studies are homogeneous judging from clinical and methodological perspectives. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethical approval for this study was waived by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital because there are no individual data involved in the analysis and all the combined results will be retrieved from study-level data. We plan to disseminate results through peer-reviewed journals or conference abstracts. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42019120413.
TCT-92 Does mitral regurgitation impact the outcome of TAVI procedures? Insights from the FRANCE2 Registry
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Francis Juthier, André Vincentelli, Bernard Lung, Helene Eltchaninoff, Marc Laskar, Jean Fajadet, Alain Leguerrier, Martine Gilard, Carlo Banfi, Pascal Leprince, Alain Prat, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
MACROPHAGE-DIGESTED ANTIGEN AS INDUCER OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Margot N. Pearson, Sidney Raffel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Sheep erythrocytes ingested by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and permitted to undergo digestion for various periods, were found after some hours to lose the capacity to induce antibodies while gaining the ability to invoke delayed hypersensitivity. These observations may be related to the known predilection of small molecular immunogens to act as good inducers of delayed reactivity and poor stimulators of antibody. They may be related also to the activity of mycobacterial adjuvant as a vehicle for the induction of delayed hypersensitivity on the basis that this melange activates macrophages to phagocytose and enzymatically degrade macromolecular antigens rapidly. The thesis that small fragments of antigenic molecules may preferentially invoke hypersensitivity can be interpreted on the basis of current concepts of multicellular involvements in immune responses.
Rhinophyma: treatment by liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery
Authors: T.S. Sonnex, R.P.R. Dawber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Summary

Rhinophyma is a disfiguring condition for which surgery is generally the treatment of choice. We report the successful treatment of five patients with liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery and discuss the advantages of this method compared with current surgical procedures.
Prophylactic Surgery for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Prophylactic surgery may be urged for the removal of certain lesions believed to be benign, but in which the chances of malignancy are high enough to warrant operation; this is true for polypoid lesions of the colon 1.5 cm or more in diameter. Prophylactic colectomy may also be urged for some patients in whom there is no malignant disease in the colon, but in whom it is apt to develop in the future; this procedure is necessary for familial polyposis and also for ulcerative colitis, when symptoms from the colitis are sufficient to warrant operation. Patients with cancer of the colon and additional polyps preferably should have a subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Prophylactic colectomy appears to be sharply limited to these specific indications.
Austrian Consensus on the Definition and Treatment of Portal Hypertension and its Complications
Authors: M. Peck-Radosavljevic, M. Trauner, F. Schreiber
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

In November 2004, the Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) held for the first time a consensus meeting on the definitions and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications in the Billroth-Haus in Vienna, Austria. This meeting was preceeded by an international experts meeting on portal hypertension with some of the proponents of the Baveno consensus conferences (www.oeggh.at/videos.asp). The consensus itself is based on the Baveno III consensus with regard to portal hypertensive bleeding [1] and the suggestions of the International Ascites Club regarding the treatment of ascites [2]. Those statements were modified by new knowledge derived from the recent literature and also by the current practice of medicine as agreed upon by the participants of the consensus meeting. The section on TIPS-placement was based on the consensus statement of the Vienna TIPS Study Group (VTSG) [3]
Unique changes in the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes underlie the synergy of radiotherapy with CTLA-4 blockade
Authors: Karsten Pilones, Ryan Emerson, Silvia Formenti, Harlan Robins, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Checkpoint blockade is increasingly becoming a valuable immunotherapeutic tool in the management of advanced malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that target CTLA-4 have significantly extended survival of patients with metastatic melanoma, however the number of responders
The Vile Osteopathy Bill..
Authors: B. G. Crummer
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Omaha, Neb., June 25, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am glad to see you publish the names of the senators who supported the vile osteopathy bill in your legislature. Now, if every doctor in Illinois (my native State) will cut the list out and paste it in his hat, and then fill his political pocket full of stones for the benefit of these creatures when they raise their heads above the grass, something practical will be accomplished. This form of "argument" is the only one that really reaches the vitals of the average politician. In the Nebraska legislature last winter our bill for an examining board was defeated, largely owing to the opposition of an Omaha senator, who was, immediately after, the nominee of his party for mayor of this city. At least fifty physicians at once organized in opposition to the gentleman and, in a close election, we had
Metabolic Acidosis after Hyperalimentation with Casein Hydrolysate
Authors: D. S. FRALEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A 29-year-old woman with short bowel syndrome and prolonged starvation developed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after initiation of hyperalimentation with a casein hydrolysate solution. The acidosis was not due to bicarbonate loss but was associated with diminished ability of the kidney to increase urinary acid excretion, particularly titratable acidity. Supplemental parenteral bicarbonate administration was necessary for two weeks until urinary acid excretion rose to normal.
Toward Flexible and Wearable Human‐Interactive Health‐Monitoring Devices
Authors: Kuniharu Takei, Wataru Honda, Shingo Harada, Takayuki Arie, Seiji Akita
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

This Progress Report introduces flexible wearable health‐monitoring devices that interact with a person by detecting from and stimulating the body. Interactive health‐monitoring devices should be highly flexible and attach to the body without awareness like a bandage. This type of wearable health‐monitoring device will realize a new class of electronics, which will be applicable not only to health monitoring, but also to other electrical devices. However, to realize wearable health‐monitoring devices, many obstacles must be overcome to economically form the active electrical components on a flexible substrate using macroscale fabrication processes. In particular, health‐monitoring sensors and curing functions need to be integrated. Here recent developments and advancements toward flexible health‐monitoring devices are presented, including conceptual designs of human‐interactive devices.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Substrates of Trk Receptors in Developing Neurons
Authors: Xiaozhong Qian, Antonella Riccio, Yuan Zhang, David D Ginty
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Neurotrophins influence growth and survival of specific populations of neurons through activation of Trks, members of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. In this report, we describe the identification and characterization of two substrates of Trk kinases, rAPS and SH2-B, which are closely related Src homolog 2 (SH2) domain–containing signaling molecules. rAPS and SH2-B are substrates of TrkB and TrkC in cortical neurons and SH2-B is a substrate of TrkA in sympathetic neurons. Moreover, rAPS and SH2-B bind to Grb2, and both are sufficient to mediate NGF induction of Ras, MAP kinase (MAPK), and morphological differentiation of PC12 cells. Lastly, antibody perturbation and transient transfection experiments indicate that SH2-B, or a closely related molecule, is necessary for NGF-dependent signaling in neonatal sympathetic neurons. Together, these observations indicate that rAPS and SH2-B mediate Trk signaling in developing neurons.