tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrating Omic Technologies into Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Monitoring: Hurdles, Achievements, and Future Outlook
Authors: Graham Van Aggelen, Gerald T. Ankley, William S. Baldwin, Daniel W. Bearden, William H. Benson, J. Kevin Chipman, Tim W. Collette, John A. Craft, Nancy D. Denslow, Michael R. Embry, Francesco Falciani, Stephen G. George, Caren C. Helbing, Paul F. Hoekstra, Taisen Iguchi, Yoshi Kagami, Ioanna Katsiadaki, Peter Kille, Li Liu, Peter G. Lord, Terry McIntyre, Anne O’Neill, Heather Osachoff, Ed J. Perkins, Eduarda M. Santos, Rachel C. Skirrow, Jason R. Snape, Charles R. Tyler, Don Versteeg, Mark R. Viant, David C. Volz, Tim D. Williams, Lorraine Yu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

In this commentary we present the findings from an international consortium on fish toxicogenomics sponsored by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (Fish Toxicogenomics-Moving into Regulation and Monitoring, held 21-23 April 2008 at the Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada).The consortium from government agencies, academia, and industry addressed three topics: progress in ecotoxicogenomics, regulatory perspectives on roadblocks for practical implementation of toxicogenomics into risk assessment, and dealing with variability in data sets.Participants noted that examples of successful application of omic technologies have been identified, but critical studies are needed to relate molecular changes to ecological adverse outcome. Participants made recommendations for the management of technical and biological variation. They also stressed the need for enhanced interdisciplinary training and communication as well as considerable investment into the generation and curation of appropriate reference omic data.The participants concluded that, although there are hurdles to pass on the road to regulatory acceptance, omics technologies are already useful for elucidating modes of action of toxicants and can contribute to the risk assessment process as part of a weight-of-evidence approach.
Book: Seasonal Patterns of Stress, Immune Function and Disease
Authors: A. Gorski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Randy J Nelson, Gregory E Demas, Sabra L Klein, Lance J Kriegsfeld Cambridge University Press, £50/$70, pp 308 ISBN 0 521 59068 X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In 1998 the journal Science published a report that indicated that light exposure to the back of the knee may reset the human circadian pacemaker. The report was highlighted as one of the top discoveries that transform our ideas about the natural world. A recent report in the same journal challenged the initial data, but the publication of both these … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
The Prevention of Deaths From Reactions to Insect Venoms-Reply
Authors: David B. K. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  The letter by Dr Frazier raises an important corollary to the report we published on the epidemiology of insect venom sensitivity. It is our goal to increase awareness of the fact that potentially life-threatening allergic reactions to insect stings are not rare and often can be prevented from becoming dangerous. Even more important, however, we have concluded that better education of the public as well as emergency department and general physicians is required. This would increase awareness of the need for affected individuals to have an epinephrine kit available for self-treatment and for them to inform their personal physician and seek the advice of an allergist regarding the appropriate testing and immunization for preventive management. 1,2   The Insect Committee of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology has supported Dr Frazier's efforts for many years to the extent of encouraging the appropriate training of employees and professionals of
Black-white health gap in the USA.
Authors: G Dunea, K B Weiss
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Further clues to localisation may be provided by character- istic patterns of disordered respiration seen in patients with the locked in syndrome and lesions in the brain stem.3Automatic (eupnoeic) breathing shows the disconnection of the medullary centres from higher brain stem control.Lesions of the tegmentum at the midbrain pontine level may cause "central neurogenic hyperventilation," which resembles the deep, rapid, Kussmaul pattern of metabolic acidosis.Either the irregular, unpatterned breathing of "ataxic respiration" or the prolonged, inspiratory breath holding characterising "apneustic breathing" may occur in patients with lesions of the lower pontine tegmentum.Recognition of the locked in state is important if casual remarks at the bedside are not to be the cause of grave hurt and mental anguish to a conscious patient.'5Patients thought to be in a coma should be commanded to raise their eyes and to blink; only in this way will the awareness of the alert but helpless patient be discovered.Most patients survive for only a few weeks or months, but a few are condemned to this conscious hell for over a year.
The generation of natural killer (NK) cells from NK precursor cells in rat long-term bone marrow cultures.
Authors: M R van den Brink, S S Boggs, R B Herberman, J C Hiserodt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

In this report, we describe a novel long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) system to study the origin and generation of natural killer (NK) cells from NK precursors. Rat bone marrow was cultured for 4 wk in RPMI 1640 with 5% fetal calf serum and 2-mercaptoethanol to allow the formation of an adherent stromal cell layer containing NK precursor cells. After addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2), the LTBMC generated high numbers (up to 100-fold expansion in 7 d) of pure 3.2.3+ large granular lymphocytes with lytic activity against NK-sensitive and -resistant tumor targets, as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK activity in LTBMC could be detected 3 d after addition of as little as 1 U/ml rIL-2, whereas lymphokine-activated killer activity was found 5 d after addition of at least 10 U/ml rIL-2. In vivo depletion and in vitro complement lysis studies showed that the NK precursor cells in LTBMC did not express the NK-associated surface markers asialo GM1 or 3.2.3. We also found that LTBMC cells did not exhibit colony growth in granulocyte/macrophage or spleen colony-forming unit assays. The generation of NK cells from NK precursors required, in addition to IL-2, a second growth/maturation factor(s), which was present in the conditioned medium of the LTBMC. This LTBMC system provides a unique in vitro model to study the development of NK cells from precursor cells, the role of the bone marrow stromal microenvironment in this development, and the lineage relationship of NK cells to other hematopoietic cells.
Treatment of systemic sclerosis with γ-interferon
Authors: R. HEIN, J. BEHR, M. HUNDGEN, N. HUNZELMANN, M. MEURER, O. BRAUN-FALCO, A. URBANSKI, T. KRIEG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Numerous drugs have been recommended for the treatment of systemic sclerosis, but without any significant effect on the fibrotic stage of this disorder. Because recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) is a potent and selective inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production by human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, we assessed the effects of gamma-IFN treatment on the skin and on pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis. Fourteen patients entered the study, and nine completed the 12-month trial. Fifty micrograms/day of gamma-IFN was administered subcutaneously 3 days per week. At the end of the 12-month treatment period a significant improvement was observed in total skin score, and blood gas analysis showed a significant increase in Pa O2 during therapy with gamma-interferon. Other clinical parameters (dysphagia, Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiac involvement) were not altered significantly. No serious adverse effects were noted. These results suggest a beneficial effect of gamma-IFN on the cutaneous fibrotic abnormalities and on lung fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.
A human serum albumin–thioredoxin fusion protein prevents experimental contrast-induced nephropathy
Authors: Azusa Kodama, Hiroshi Watanabe, Ryota Tanaka, Hisae Tanaka, Victor T G Chuang, Yohei Miyamoto, Qiong Wu, Masayuki Endo, Keisuke Hamasaki, Yu Ishima, Masafumi Fukagawa, Masaki Otagiri, Toru Maruyama
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
A Target Cell–Specific Activatable Fluorescence Probe for <i>In vivo</i> Molecular Imaging of Cancer Based on a Self-Quenched Avidin-Rhodamine Conjugate
Authors: Yukihiro Hama, Yasuteru Urano, Yoshinori Koyama, Mako Kamiya, Marcelino Bernardo, Ronald S. Paik, In Soo Shin, Chang H. Paik, Peter L. Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract A target cell–specific activation strategy for improved molecular imaging of peritoneal implants has been proposed, in which fluorophores are activated only in living targeted cells. A current example of an activatable fluorophore is one that is normally self-quenched by attachment to a peptide backbone but which can be activated by specific proteases that degrade the peptide resulting in “dequenching.” In this study, an alternate fluorescence activation strategy is proposed whereby self-quenching avidin-rhodamine X, which has affinity for lectin on cancer cells, is activated after endocytosis and degradation within the lysosome. Using this approach in a mouse model of peritoneal ovarian metastases, we document target-specific molecular imaging of submillimeter cancer nodules with minimal contamination by background signal. Cellular internalization of receptor-ligand pairs with subsequent activation of fluorescence via dequenching provides a generalizable and highly sensitive method of detecting cancer microfoci in vivo and has practical implications for assisting surgical and endoscopic procedures. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2791–9]
Pinnacles of Civilization
Authors: Malcolm E. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I hope you were not serious in your editorial of Nov 17, 1969, when you called television the "pinnacle of civilization." Regular television watchers have been variously rated as having degenerated to a fourth- to sixth-grade educational level. This is confirmed by a poll taken three years ago which found Gunsmoke to be the most watched program. Television has been the bane of our civilization. It has come between man and wife, and parent and child, thereby reducing opportunity for communications so essential to the mutual understanding necessary for family harmony. Parents can abdicate their responsibility for raising their children. Instead of thinking up things for their children to do or playing with them, they can shoo the children off to watch television. A frustrated child hoping for some parental attention is told to shut up while daddy watches the baseball game on Sunday and mother watches
Serum levels of procarboxypeptidase B and its activation peptide in patients with acute pancreatitis and non-pancreatic diseases
Authors: C A Muller, S Appelros, W Uhl, M W Buchler, A Borgstrom
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Carboxypeptidase B from the pancreatic gland may exist in three different molecular and immunoreactive forms: the proenzyme, the active enzyme, and the activation peptide. <b>Aims:</b> To investigate levels of procarboxypeptidase B (proCAPB) and its activation peptide in serum in acute pancreatitis to test the accuracy of these two variables as markers for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and for prediction of pancreatic necrosis. To elucidate whether leakage of proenzymes and activation of proenzymes reflect two different pathophysiological events in acute pancreatitis. <b>Methods:</b> Sera from patients with acute pancreatitis (n=85) and acute abdominal pain of non-pancreatic origin (n=53) were analysed for proCAPB and its activation peptide. Patients with pancreatitis were divided into necrotising (n=33) and oedematous attacks (n=52) using contrast enhanced computed tomography. Accuracy was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. <b>Results:</b> Immunoreactive carboxypeptidase B activation peptide (ir-CAPAP) concentration in serum on admission was 0.7 nmol/l (0–18.1) in patients with oedematous pancreatitis compared with 5.8 nmol/l (1.9–34) in patients with later development of pancreatic necrosis. Elevated levels of the activation peptide on admission correlated with an accuracy of 92% to later development of pancreatic necrosis. Ir-proCAPB concentration in serum on admission was 16.0 nmol/l (1.4–50.5) in all patients with acute pancreatitis versus 0.3 nmol/l (0–3.6) in patients with non-pancreatic acute abdominal disorders. Cases with oedematous pancreatitis had ir-proCAPB levels of 15.4 nmol/l (1.4–50.5) versus 19.1 nmol/l (2.7–36.1) in cases with later development of pancreatic necrosis. Measurement of the proenzyme can thus be useful for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (accuracy 99%) but levels did not correlate with later development of pancreatic necrosis (accuracy 56%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Leakage of proenzymes occurs in acute pancreatitis, irrespective of severity, while development of pancreatic necrosis occurs only when there is activation of the proenzymes.
Localization of a gene for partial epilepsy to chromosome 10q
Authors: Ruth Ottman, Neil Risch, W. Allen Hauser, Timothy A. Pedley, Joseph H. Lee, Christie Barker-Cummings, Anita Lustenberger, Keith J. Nagle, Kyusang S. Lee, Mark L. Scheuer, Michael Neystat, Mervyn Susser, Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Institute urges overhaul of US cancer trials network
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The large Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program sponsored by the US National Cancer Institute has become “inefficient and cumbersome,” says a report from the Institute of Medicine. It needs to be “redesigned to improve value by reducing redundancy and improving effectiveness and efficacy of trials,” it says.

The cooperative group programme involves more than 3100 institutions, 14 000 investigators, and 25 000 patients in clinical trials each year. But it takes two years to plan and initiate a new trial; only about half are ever completed; and funding has fallen by 20% since 2002.

These changes have occurred while basic science has yielded …
Mechanism of Increased Sodium Reabsorption during Propranolol Administration
Authors: ALAN S. NIES, JAMES S. MCNEIL, ROBERT W. SCHRIER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The mechanism of diminished sodium excretion induced by propranolol was investigated in the dog. Propranolol (0.3 to 5 mg/kg) was given intravenously in a bolus to 16 dogs, eight of which had the renal perfusion pressure controlled by a suprarenal aortic clamp. In another group of six dogs propranolol (0.1 to 5 , µg/kg/min) was infused into one renal artery for 45 min. Cardiac output (dye dilution), mean arterial and right atrial pressures, heart rate, renal clearances of inulin, creatinine, and para-aminohippurate, and sodium excretion were measured. Total peripheral resistance, central blood volume, stroke volume, renal plasma flow, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, and filtration fraction were calculated. Intravenous propranolol resulted in significant decreases in cardiac output (–25%) and heart rate (–14%) and increases in total peripheral resistance (28%) and renal vascular resistance (37%). Renal blood flow decreased by 25% and filtration fraction increased 21% as urinary sodium excretion diminished 36%. Glomerular filtration did not change significantly. Infusions of propranolol into one renal artery resulted in either no change in sodium excretion or bilateral changes; thus an intrarenal effect of the drug was not demonstrable. The data suggest that the changes in renal hemodynamics associated with propranolol administration are secondary to alterations in systemic hemodynamics, particularly a decrease in cardiac output. These alterations in renal hemodynamics, including an increase in renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction, most likely account for the decrease in sodium excretion rather than a direct effect of propranolol on sodium reabsorption.
ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH MULTI-VESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: OUTCOMES IN THE AGE OF STAGED PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Sahil Agrawal, Prakash Harikrishnan, Yugandhar Manda, Huseng Vefali, Archana Sinha, Jamshid Shirani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Hypomagnesemia and Impaired Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: PAUL MENNES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Severe hypocalcemia secondary to magnesium depletion has been described in numerous patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The development of profound hypomagnesemia in chronic renal disease is a rare finding. We studied three patients with advanced renal failure and magnesium depletion. Severe hypocalcemia also was present in these patients. Despite hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, the levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) in blood were inappropriately low for the degree of renal insufficiency. After the administration of magnesium there was a significant increase in the levels of circulating i-PTH in serum with a concomitant improvement in the hypocalcemia.
Cardiomyocyte-targeted siRNA delivery by prostaglandin E2-Fas siRNA polyplexes formulated with reducible poly(amido amine) for preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Sun Hwa Kim, Ji Hoon Jeong, Mei Ou, James W. Yockman, Sung Wan Kim, David A. Bull
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Effects of verapamil, nifedipine, and dilazep on left ventricular relaxation in the conscious dog
Authors: M. PAGANI, P. PIZZINELLI, R. FURLAN, S. GUZZETTI, O. RIMOLDI, G. SANDRONE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The cardiac systolic and diastolic effects of the two major calcium blockers, verapamil and nifedipine, were studied and compared with those produced by dilazep, a relatively new vasodilator with calcium blocking properties, in conscious instrumented dogs to avoid the complications of anaesthesia and recent surgery. Mean arterial pressure was reduced by nifedipine and dilazep but not by verapamil, whereas peak left ventricular pressure was reduced only by dilazep and verapamil. Consistent tachycardia occurred, the rate being highest with nifedipine and lowest with dilazep. Left ventricular dP/dt was unaffected by dilazep, reduced by verapamil, and increased by nifedipine; this increase was no longer observed after beta adrenergic blockade. Ventricular relaxation was assessed by calculating the time relaxation constant, tau. Verapamil increased tau significantly only after beta adrenergic blockade, whereas nifedipine and dilazep reduced it both before and after beta adrenergic blockade. These data suggest that reflex beta adrenergic mechanisms may modulate the effects of calcium blockade on both systolic and diastolic performance.
A COMPARISON OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE WITH OXYTETRACYCLINE IN ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: J. A. COTTERILL, W. J. CUNLIFFE, R. A. FORSTER, D. M. WILLIAMSON, L. BULUSU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article A COMPARISON OF TRIMETHOPRIM‐SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE WITH OXYTETRACYCLINE IN ACNE VULGARIS Get access J. A. COTTERILL, J. A. COTTERILL Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. J. CUNLIFFE, W. J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. A. FORSTER, R. A. FORSTER Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. M. WILLIAMSON, D. M. WILLIAMSON Departments of Pontefract General Infirmary, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. BULUSU L. BULUSU Medical Research Council, Mineral Metabolism Unit, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 4, 1 April 1971, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14233.x Published: 01 April 1971 Article history Accepted: 09 December 1970 Published: 01 April 1971
Biopsy of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Joel E. Holloway
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I would like to comment on the answer to the question concerning the possible lymphatic or venous spread of malignant melanoma induced by hydrostatic pressure following injection of local anesthetic. Dr Adriani stated that he knew of no statistical data that could answer the question and suggested general anesthesia or nerve block to avoid this theoretical possibility. Epstein, Bragg, and Linden (208: 1369, 1969) authored a paper in which a personal series of 12 malignant melanomas and a retrospective study from the California Tumor Registry of malignant melanomas were reviewed. The conclusion was that there was no evidence to indicate that incomplete removal of malignant melanoma followed by definitive surgery, even one week later, decreases the probability of survival. Survival rates were not influenced by even incisional biopsies of malignant melanomas. A review in<i>The Journal of Dermatological Surgery and Oncology</i><sup>1</sup>relates to biopsy of malignant
Inhaled Carbon Monoxide Confers Antiinflammatory Effects against Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Tamás Dolinay, Mária Szilasi, Mingyao Liu, Augustine M. K. Choi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. The stress-inducible gene product, heme oxygenase-1, and carbon monoxide (CO), a major by-product of heme oxygenase catalysis of heme, have been shown to confer potent antiinflammatory effects in models of tissue and cellular injury. In this study, we observed increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein in a rat model of VILI. To assess the physiologic function of heme oxygenase-1 induction in VILI, we determined whether low concentration of inhaled CO could serve to protect the lung against VILI. Low concentration of inhaled CO significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α levels and total cell count in lavage fluid, while simultaneously elevating levels of antiinflammatory interleukin-10 levels. To better characterize the mechanism of CO-mediated antiinflammatory effects, we examined key signaling pathways, which may mediate CO-induced antiinflammatory effects. We demonstrate that inhaled CO exerts antiinflammatory effects in VILI via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but independent of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB pathways. Our data lead to a tempting speculation that inhaled CO might be useful in minimizing VILI.
The xid gene controls Ia.W39-associated immune response gene function.
Authors: L J Rosenwasser, B T Huber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Immune response (Ir) genes are encoded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). A class of serologically defined specificities, Ia antigens, is also encoded for by genes within this region. A new Ia specificity, Ia.W39, has recently been defined. It is private for I-Ab and its expression is controlled by a gene on the X-chromosome. Using different approaches, the role of Ia.W39 in the immune response of H-2b mice to beef insulin was examined in a macrophage-dependent T cell proliferation assay. It was found that beef insulin-related Ir gene function was associated with the expression of Ia.W39 by antigen-presenting macrophages and that control of this Ir gene function was X-linked (xid gene).