tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cortisone on Teratogenic Effects of Hypervitaminosis-A
Authors: J. W. Millen, D. H. M. Woollam
Journal: BMJ (1957)

to treatment with penicillin as infections due to sensitive staphylococci.If these observations are confirmed, it suggests that penicillin is still adequate for the treatment of most forms of staphylococcal sepsis seen in out- patients.We are indebted to Eli Lilly and Company Limited for the supply of penicillin V.
Back Belts in the Workplace
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Knife Man: The Extraordinary Life and Times of John Hunter, Father of Modern Surgery
Authors: Harold Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2005)

J ohn Hunter (1728-93), surgeon of St George's Hospital, was a brilliant observer, naturalist, and thinker, as well as being an innovative doctor. His philosophy of surgery and his teachings were based on his close observation of his patients, both in life and after death, and on a truly amazing study of the whole field of biology, from the artificial fertilisation of moths' eggs to dissection of the whale. He proudly claimed to pay little attention to the writings of his contemporaries or his predecessors. Although he cannot be said to have made a particular major advance in surgery, his fresh approach to the subject entitles him to be regarded as the father of scientific surgery in the United Kingdom.

Hunter's life is a biographer's dream. Born a farmer's son in a village outside Glasgow, he was slow in learning to read and write, disliked school, and preferred to wander through the countryside observing nature. At the age of 20, having failed to find any vocation, he joined his brother William, 10 years his senior, who had already established himself in London as a teacher of anatomy and a highly successful obstetrician—he was to deliver the children of Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Here John proved to be a brilliant dissector and investigator. He studied surgery under Cheselden and Pott, became …
Alterations in the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Pathway as a Potential Factor in the Pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Simone M. Haag, Ekkehard W. Hauck, Carolin Szardening-Kirchner, Thorsten Diemer, Eun-Sook Cha, Wolfgang Weidner, Oliver Eickelberg
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Safety and Efficacy of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor GG167 in Experimental Human Influenza
Authors: Frederick G. Hayden
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The current study evaluated whether intranasal administration of the sialic acid analog 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en (GG167), an inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, was effective and safe in either preventing or treating experimental human influenza.Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving three prophylaxis limbs, two early treatment limbs, and one delayed treatment limb were conducted.Isolation in individual rooms.Susceptible (serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer < or = 1:8) adult volunteers (n = 166) were inoculated intranasally with 10(5) TCID50 influenza A/Texas/91 (H1N1) virus.GG167, 3.6 to 16 mg, was administered intranasally two or six times daily beginning 4 hours before inoculation (prophylaxis) or 1 or 2 days afterward (early or delayed treatment).Virological measures were frequency of infection based on viral shedding and/or seroconversion (prophylaxis) or quantitative viral shedding based on titers and duration of virus recovery (treatment). Clinical measures were the frequency of febrile illness and symptom severity scores.Intranasal GG167 was well tolerated for both prophylaxis and therapy. For all dose groups combined, GG167 prophylaxis was 82% effective in preventing laboratory evidence of infection and 95% effective in preventing febrile illness (P < .01 vs placebo). Early treatment with GG167 reduced peak viral titers by 2.0 log10, the median duration of viral shedding by 3 days, and the frequency of febrile illness by 85% (P < .05 for each comparison). Other measures of illness were reduced by approximately 50% to 70% in the GG167 dosing groups. Twice daily dosing was as effective as six times daily.Direct respiratory administration of the selective neuraminidase inhibitor GG167 appears safe and effective for both prevention and early treatment of experimental influenza. Influenza virus neuraminidase is important for viral replication in humans.
Highly efficient generation of human hepatocyte-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Karim Si-Tayeb, Fallon K. Noto, Masato Nagaoka, Jixuan Li, Michele A. Battle, Christine Duris, Paula E. North, Stephen Dalton, Stephen A. Duncan
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

There exists a worldwide shortage of donor livers available for orthotropic liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation therapies. In addition to their therapeutic potential, primary human hepatocytes facilitate the study of molecular and genetic aspects of human hepatic disease and development and provide a platform for drug toxicity screens and identification of novel pharmaceuticals with potential to treat a wide array of metabolic diseases. The demand for human hepatocytes, therefore, heavily outweighs their availability. As an alternative to using donor livers as a source of primary hepatocytes, we explored the possibility of generating patient-specific human hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Conclusion: We demonstrate that mouse iPS cells retain full potential for fetal liver development and describe a procedure that facilitates the efficient generation of highly differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells from iPS cells that display key liver functions and can integrate into the hepatic parenchyma in vivo . (Hepatology 2010.)
Cell-Specific Intracellular Anticancer Drug Delivery from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with pH Sensitivity
Authors: Zhong Luo, Kaiyong Cai, Yan Hu, Beilu Zhang, Dawei Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A nanoreservoir for efficient intracellular anticancer drug delivery based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles end-capped with lactobionic acid-grafted bovine serum albumin is fabricated. It demonstrates great potential for both cell-specific endocytosis and intracellular pH-responsive controlled release of drugs. A possible endocytosis pathway/mechanism of the smart controlled drug release system is proposed.
Integrated Backscatter in Becker Muscular Dystrophy Patients With Functionally Normal Heart: Myocardial Ultrasound Tissue Characterization Study
Authors: Vincenzo Giglio, Vincenzo Pasceri, Loredana Messano, Quintino Parisi, Gabriele Rinelli, Luciano Pasquini, Antonio Dello Russo, Aldo Broccolini, Giuliana Galluzzi, Mario Pescatori, Massimiliano Mirabella, Teresa Gidaro, Fortunato Mangiola, Enzo Ricci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Applying new biotechnologies to the study of occupational cancer--a workshop summary.
Authors: Mark Toraason, Richard Albertini, Steven Bayard, William Bigbee, Aaron Blair, Paolo Boffetta, Stefano Bonassi, Steven Chanock, David Christiani, David Eastmond, Samuel Hanash, Carol Henry, Fred Kadlubar, Frank Mirer, Daniel Nebert, Stephen Rapport, Kathleen Rest, Nathaniel Rothman, Avima Ruder, Russell Savage, Paul Schulte, Jack Siemiatycki, Peter Shields, Martyn Smith, Paige Tolbert, Roel Vermeulen, Paolo Vineis, Sholom Wacholder, Elizabeth Ward, Michael Waters, Ainsley Weston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use in the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify the means for best exploiting new technologies to enhance methods for laboratory investigation, epidemiologic evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention of occupational cancer. The workshop focused on identifying and interpreting markers for early biologic effect and inherited modifiers of risk.
Regional Deficits of Myocardial Blood Flow and Function in Left Ventricular Pacing–Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Gregory A. Helmer, M. Dan McKirnan, Ralph Shabetai, Gerry R. Boss, John Ross, H. Kirk Hammond
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Pacing-induced congestive heart failure has become a preferred model for the study of the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. However, little is known regarding regional myocardial blood flow and function during the development of heart failure in this model. Methods and Results To determine whether regional differences in myocardial blood flow are associated with regional dysfunction in ventricular pacing–induced heart failure, regional myocardial blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and regional wall thickening (transthoracic echocardiography) were measured in pigs studied at weekly intervals during the progression of heart failure induced by rapid pacing from the lateral wall of the left ventricle (220±9 bpm for 26±4 days). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements with the pacemaker off showed progressive, severe global left ventricular dysfunction. During pacing over the 3- to 4-week period, a progressive decrease in systolic wall thickening in the lateral wall occurred compared with the interventricular septum (IVS; P =.001); at 21 to 28 days, the difference was 50% (lateral wall, 14±6%; IVS, 28±6%; P =.0001). A difference in subendocardial blood flow per beat between the left ventricular lateral wall (the site of stimulation) and the IVS was found immediately on the initiation of pacing (IVS, 0.009±0.002 mL · min −1 · g −1 · beat −1 ; lateral wall, 0.005±0.001 mL · min −1 · g −1 · beat −1 ; P =.001), a difference that was sustained during pacing throughout the study. Subendocardial blood flow per beat was normal in both regions with the pacemaker off throughout the study. Conclusions These data indicate that regional myocardial ischemia is associated with the development of contractile dysfunction of the paced wall during prolonged rapid left ventricular pacing and that regional stunning contributes to persistent global left ventricular dysfunction when pacing is discontinued.
The Doctor as Scapegoat
Authors: Nancy Y. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Once a hero—now a scapegoat. Thus we can summarize the dramatically changing image of the physician in both life and literature during the past half century. But paradoxically, while medicine as a science has advanced so radically, the picture of the American doctor emerges from many American novels in an ambivalent role, that of healer and scapegoat. Social psychologists have documented democratic mistrust of hero figures and the need of American society to mockingly destroy the very heroes it has created; and the "fall" of the doctor from his pedestal is a disturbing reality frequently depicted in the modern American novel. The current Archetypal School of literary criticism maintains that literature is the unconscious product of the collective experience of all men and thus is intimately allied to man's cultural past and present. Basic is Jung's concept of the collective unconscious, expressed through recurrent and "primordial" archetypes of character, situation,
Polio Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Hilary Koprowski
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The title of my article was "Live Poliomyelitis Virus Vaccines," and it is absolutely correct to say that the research goes back to the year 1950. Dr. Kolmer intended to make an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine by formalizing monkeycord tissue which had been infected with a virulent strain of poliovirus. This is the same principle used by Dr. Salk and has nothing to do with the principle of vaccination with living attenuated virus administered by oral or natural route. Either because of residual living virus in the vaccine or because of inoculation during an epidemic of poliomyelitis, serious mishaps occurred with Dr. Kolmer's vaccine. Turning to more philosophical aspects of priority in scientific discoveries, could Dr. Schneider tell me why the vaccine discovered and developed by me and my associates, Dr. George Jervis and Mr. Thomas Norton, 12 years ago is now called the Sabin vaccine? As one
Liberian man being treated for Ebola in Texas dies
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Liberian man who fell ill with Ebola shortly after arriving in the United States has died, officials at the Texas hospital where he was being treated announced on Wednesday 8 October. 

Thomas Eric Duncan, a 42 year old Liberian national, left Liberia on 19 September, arriving in Dallas, Texas the next day.1 Press reports said that he had helped to carry a young woman who was ill with Ebola several weeks earlier but had not had symptoms of infection while en route to the US. Liberian health officials …
Extraosseous Bone-tracer Uptake
Authors: ROBERT G. WELLS, JOHN R. STY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of a large plasma-cell granuloma of the left upper lobe in a 5-year-old girl is presented. Uptake of Tc- 99m MDP by the soft tissue mass was demonstrated with bone imaging. Plasma cell granuloma should be included in the gamut of extraosseous uptake of boneseeking radionuclide in the pediatric chest.
Synovial fluid lactate levels in septic and non-septic arthritides.
Authors: C Gobelet, J C Gerster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Lactate concentration was studied in 383 synovial fluid specimens from patients with various arthritides. The highest concentrations of lactate occurred in non-gonococcal septic synovial fluids. High values were recorded in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and crystal-induced arthritides, medium values in synovial fluids from seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondylarthritides, gonococcal arthritis and haemarthrosis, and the lowest values in aspirates from osteoarthrotic joints. There was a positive correlation between synovial pH and lactic acid concentration. These data suggest that determination of lactate in synovial fluid can be valuable in the rapid exclusion of septic arthritis. Its value for differentiating between other inflammatory arthritides is discussed.
Diet and diabetes revisited.
Authors: J. Mann, A. Chisholm, R. Milne
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ciation of the potential risks of not being im- munised many doctors do not use the opportunity to offer immunisation during routine consulta- tions; other strategies are needed to bring about change.These results suggest the importance of using more than one intervention to produce an improvement in performance.Although the system described was carried out using manual recording, the potential for this type of intervention using computers is greatly in- creased.Using these figures for interpractice comparisons, with due regard to their limitations, could be a useful way of improving motivation.
'Antineoplastons'. An unproved cancer therapy
Authors: S. Green
Journal: JAMA (1992)

UNORTHODOX and unproven treatments for cancer are big business in the United States.1,2Usually, individuals providing these treatments offer the public little or no information on their qualifications to treat cancer. Their science is generally presented in unverifiable testimonials, anecdotal material, and non-peer-reviewed magazines sold in supermarkets or publicized on television talk shows and in throwaway health-fair circulars. When reviewed, they reveal a patchwork of half-truths and scientific misinformation.  In contrast, there is no lack of published material for the patient who may be considering antineoplaston therapy. There are hundreds of papers about this therapy and its discoverer, Stanislaw R. Burzynski, MD.3-9They include his curriculum vitae, his list of publications, explanations of his theory of cancer and the way his treatment works, clinical information, press releases, brochures, abstracts of his speeches, reports of his research results, review articles, government reports, court opinions, legal depositions, records of public
Adapted Physical Education
Authors: Fred V. Hein
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This volume is a welcome addition to the limited number of texts specifically devoted to adapted physical education. It is of special interest to the physician because of its concern with modification of the physical-education program to meet the needs of the handicapped. Medical evaluation of the disability involved is essential to proper prescription of an appropriate physical-education program for handicapped children or youth. In this frame of reference, the word "handicapped" may apply to the mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed as well as to the physically disabled. This book discusses the concerns of physical educators who may be involved in corrective-therapy programs in hospitals or clinics. Its chief application, however, relates to school and college programs of physical education. The thesis is that in a properly diversified program of physical education, all pupils, with rare exceptions, will find activities in which they can participate with safety and satisfaction. Such
<i>cis</i> -Acting Sequences That Mediate Induction of β-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression During Left Ventricular Hypertrophy due to Aortic Constriction
Authors: Koji Hasegawa, Soo Jin Lee, Shawn M. Jobe, Bruce E. Markham, Richard N. Kitsis
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Marked alterations in the expression of specific genes occur during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Little is known, however, about the cis -acting elements that mediate these changes in response to clinically relevant hypertrophic stimuli, such as hemodynamic overload, in intact adult animals. Methods and Results The left ventricular expression of a directly injected reporter gene driven by 3542 bp of rat β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) promoter was increased 3.0-fold by aortic constriction ( P &lt;.005), an increment similar to the 3.2-fold increase in the level of the endogenous β-MHC mRNA in the same left ventricles. Subsequent analysis identified a 107-bp β-MHC promoter sequence (−303/−197) sufficient to convert a heterologous neutral promoter to one that is activated by aortic constriction. These sequences contain two M-CAT elements, which have previously been demonstrated to mediate inducible expression during α 1 -adrenergic–stimulated hypertrophy in cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes, and a GATA element. Although simultaneous mutation of both M-CAT elements markedly decreased the basal transcriptional activity of an injected 333-bp β-MHC promoter, it had no effect on aortic constriction-stimulated transcription (3.5-fold increase, P &lt;.005 for both wild type and mutant). In contrast, mutation of the GATA motif markedly attenuated aortic constriction-stimulated transcription (1.6-fold, P =NS) without affecting the basal transcriptional activity. This GATA site can interact with in vitro translated GATA-4 and compete with an established GATA site for GATA-4 binding activity in nuclear extracts from aortic constricted hearts. Conclusions Basal and aortic constriction-stimulated transcription of the β-MHC gene is mediated, at least in part, through different mechanisms. A GATA element within β-MHC sequences -303/-197 plays a role in the transcriptional activation of this gene by aortic constriction.
Peptic ulcers induced by piroxicam.
Authors: K H Fok, P J George, F R Vicary
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Peptic ulcers induced by piroxicamPiroxicam is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.Its advantages include its high efficacy, its long plasma half life (mean of 38 hours), which enables it to be taken as a single daily dose, and its supposedly low incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.We report, however, on four patients with peptic ulcers induced by piroxicam seen over four months.None had had dyspeptic symptoms previously, and none was taking other ulcerogenic drugs. Case reportsCase 1-A 79 year old housewife with a 40 year history of arthritis received phenylbutazone for five years before her treatment was changed to piroxicam 20 mg daily in September 1983.In November she developed anaemia and
A textbook type of mind
Authors: J G Fairer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I think it is a fact that the students of the “text-book type of mind” and who have very good verbal memories, are lacking in “clinical instinct” and do not turn out such good doctors as others who shine less at examinations.

Sir Robert Hutchison. Common sense in medicine. London Hospital Gazette 1942;XLV: 36.