tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial gene divergence of Colombian Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: T. M. Jenkins, C. J. Basten, W. W. Anderson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Isolated populations of drosophila pseudoobscura, separated from North American populations by about 2,400 km, were found in Colombia in 1960. We compared for sequences of the small ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene on the mitochondria between North American and Colombian D. pseudoobscura in order to clarify the age of the Colombian isolates. The North American populations were not genetically different from each other but were genetically different from the Colombian populations. The Mexican strains represent the area from which the Colombian founders might have come. The estimated net nucleotide divergence between Mexican and Colombian D. pseudoobscura indicates that the Colombian population is not an ancient lineage. Phylogenies using both distance and parsimony methodologies reinforced this conclusion. The Colombian samples group together with both methods but, according to the bootstrap analysis, not significantly. It appears that the populations have not been separated long enough for their DNA sequences to show much divergence.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent inflammation-mediated inactivation of the forkhead box class o transcription factor FOXO1 in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Aleksander M Grabiec, Linda M Hartkamp, Lisa G M van Baarsen, Olexandr Korchynskyi, Paul P Tak, Kris A Reedquist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Backgroundand objectives</h3> Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors, regulated by phosphatidlyinositol 3-kinase and reversible acetylation, integrate environmental signals to orchestrate inflammatory responses, cell cycle and apoptosis. Here, the authors examined the relationship between inflammation and FoxO expression and activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, determined the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on FoxO expression and activity in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and identified genes regulated by FoxO1 in RA FLS. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Total RNA was isolated from synovial biopsies obtained by arthroscopy from 20 RA patients. FoxO1, FoxO3a, FoxO4, TNFα, MMP-1 and IL-6 expression were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in synovial tissue and RA and osteoarthritis (OA) FLS. RA FLS were stimulated with IL-1β or TNFα, in the absence or presence of the HDACi trichostatin A, and FoxO family member expression and FoxO1 DNA binding activity were measured by qPCR and ELISA-based assays, respectively. RA FLS were transduced with adenovirus encoding control GFP or constitutively active FoxO1ADA to examine the effects on RA FLS gene expression using low density qPCR arrays. <h3>Results</h3> Negative correlations were observed between RA synovial tissue expression of FoxO1 and the levels of serum C reactive protein (CRP) (R=−0.771, p=0.0008), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (R=−0.739, p=0.0003), and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) (R=−0.575, p=0.01). A strong negative correlation was also observed between synovial FoxO1 and IL-6 mRNA levels (R=−0.628, p=0.004), but not TNFα or MMP-1. FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 mRNA were each detected in RA and OA FLS, and FoxO1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in RA FLS compared to OA FLS (p&lt;0.05). IL-1β and TNFα significantly suppressed FoxO1 DNA binding activity in RA FLS, and selectively downregulated FoxO1 mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner. HDACi reversed IL-1β-mediated reduction of FoxO1 DNA binding and mRNA expression. Overexpression of FoxO1ADA in RA FLS suppressed expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-XL, and enhanced expression of proapoptotic Bim and the cell cycle inhibitor p27<sup>Kip1</sup>. FoxO1ADA also suppressed IL-1β-mediated induction of inflammatory mediators, including CCL2, CXCL6, PDGF and ICAM1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The authors demonstrate that inflammatory stimuli decrease FoxO1 expression and DNA binding activity, effects reversed by exposure of RA FLS to HDACi. Restoration of FoxO1 activity suppresses a subset of genes regulated by HDACi during FLS activation, identifying the enhancement of FoxO1 function as a novel mechanism by which HDACi might mediate their anti-inflammatory effects in RA synovial cells.
Seasonality in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Jose E. Becerra
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> — Sudden infant death syndrome is the sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year that remains unexplained after a complete postmortem investigation, including autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the case history. The current registration of vital events in the United States does not include this recent and evolving definition of SIDS. However, the validity of the data presented in our article is strengthened by the high autopsy rate and the distinct age distribution of the infants classified as having died from SIDS. In addition, our study found a striking contrast in the seasonal pattern of SIDS compared with other causes of postneonatal death, such as injuries. The significance of the West-to-East gradient associated with SIDS among white infants remains to be determined. The hypothesis that this gradient may be due to racial misclassification among Hispanics is not supported by analysis of linked
Controlled Comparison of Tetracycline and Furazolidone in Cholera
Authors: N. F. Pierce, J. G. Banwell, R. C. Mitra, G. J. Caranasos, R. I. Keimowitz, J. Thomas, A. Mondal
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A controlled comparison of furazolidone and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera indicates that, in either dosage used, furazolidone reduced total stool volume by 50% and duration of diarrhoea by 40%. These results are comparable to those achieved with tetracycline, which was given in presently recommended dosage. Both furazolidone and tetracycline significantly reduced the rate of stool output within 18 to 24 hours of starting antibiotic treatment. Furazolidone was significantly less effective than tetracycline in rapidly and consistently terminating vibrio excretion. One convalescent carrier of cholera vibrios was identified among control patients; none was identified among patients treated with either tetracycline or furazolidone. All Vibrio cholerae strains tested were sensitive to tetracycline and furazolidone, but larger concentrations of the latter were required to achieve inhibition of growth. It is concluded that tetracycline remains the antibiotic of choice in cholera but that furazolidone would be a useful adjunct to cholera therapy when tetracycline is unobtainable or if strains of V. cholerae with clinically significant resistance to tetracycline should be encountered.
Common variant in 6q26-q27 is associated with distal colon cancer in an Asian population
Authors: R. Cui, Y. Okada, S. G. Jang, J. L. Ku, J. G. Park, Y. Kamatani, N. Hosono, T. Tsunoda, V. Kumar, C. Tanikawa, N. Kamatani, R. Yamada, M. Kubo, Y. Nakamura, K. Matsuda
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background and aim</h3> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. The incidence of CRC is increasing year by year in Japan. Patients with CRC in advanced stages have a poor prognosis, but detection of CRC at earlier stages can improve clinical outcome. Therefore, identification of epidemiologial factors that influence development of CRC would facilitate the prevention or early detection of disease. <h3>Methods</h3> To identify loci associated with CRC risk, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for CRC and sub-analyses by tumour location using 1583 Japanese CRC cases and 1898 controls. Subsequently, we conducted replication analyses using a total of 4809 CRC cases and 2973 controls including 225 Korean subjects with distal colon cancer and 377 controls. <h3>Results</h3> We identified a novel locus on 6q26-q27 region (rs7758229 in <i>SLC22A3</i>, p=7.92×10<sup>−9</sup>, OR of 1.28) that was significantly associated with distal colon cancer. We also replicated the association between CRC and SNPs on 8q24 (rs6983267 and rs7837328, p=1.51×10<sup>−8</sup> and 7.44×10<sup>−8</sup>, ORs of 1.18 and 1.17, respectively). Moreover, we found cumulative effects of three genetic factors (rs7758229, rs6983267, and rs4939827 in <i>SMAD7</i>) and one environmental factor (alcohol drinking) which appear to increase CRC risk approximately twofold. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found a novel susceptible locus in <i>SLC22A3</i> that contributes to the risk of distal colon cancer in an Asian population. These findings would further extend our understanding of the role of common genetic variants in the aetiology of CRC.
Evaluation of the cervical cytology screening programme in an inner city health district.
Authors: R. Beardow, J. Oerton, C. Victor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

District health authorities have been instructed to operate a cervical cytology call and recall screening programme using the age-sex registers held by family practitioner committees. A detailed evaluation of implementation in an inner London district showed that 477 out of 687 (69%) invitation letters sent to women by the family practitioner committee were either inaccurate or inappropriate: almost half of the recorded addresses were incorrect and a further fifth of the women were not eligible for a test. Overall, 90 women had a smear, which is only 13% of the total but 43% of those found to be eligible. The findings did not differ significantly with age. The findings have major implications not only for the effectiveness of call and recall for screening for cervical cancer but also for the future development of screening for breast cancer in such areas.
Association between Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Thyroid Disease in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: David Melzer, Neil Rice, Michael H. Depledge, William E. Henley, Tamara S. Galloway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, also known as C8) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are stable compounds with many industrial and consumer uses. Their persistence in the environment plus toxicity in animal models has raised concern over low-level chronic exposure effects on human health.We estimated associations between serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations and thyroid disease prevalence in representative samples of the U.S. general population.Analyses of PFOA/PFOS versus disease status in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 1999-2000, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 included 3,974 adults with measured concentrations for perfluorinated chemicals. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index, and alcohol intake.The NHANES-weighted prevalence of reporting any thyroid disease was 16.18% (n = 292) in women and 3.06% (n = 69) in men; prevalence of current thyroid disease with related medication was 9.89% (n = 163) in women and 1.88% (n = 46) in men. In fully adjusted logistic models, women with PFOA >or= 5.7 ng/mL [fourth (highest) population quartile] were more likely to report current treated thyroid disease [odds ratio (OR) = 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-3.65; p = 0.002] compared with PFOA <or= 4.0 ng/mL (quartiles 1 and 2); we found a near significant similar trend in men (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 0.93-4.82; p = 0.073). For PFOS, in men we found a similar association for those with PFOS >or= 36.8 ng/mL (quartile 4) versus <or= 25.5 ng/mL (quartiles 1 and 2: OR for treated disease = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.03-6.98; p = 0.043); in women this association was not significant.Higher concentrations of serum PFOA and PFOS are associated with current thyroid disease in the U.S. general adult population. More work is needed to establish the mechanisms involved and to exclude confounding and pharmacokinetic explanations.
Missing the Boat on Drinking and Boating
Authors: Jonathan Howland
Journal: JAMA (1993)

PUBLIC policy has approached drinking and boating as though they are analogous to drinking and driving. Accordingly, recent federal and state laws to prevent drinking and boating have focused solely on alcohol use by the boat operator. Similarly, boating safety campaigns conducted by the alcohol industry have promoted the strategy of the "designated boater," which suggests that passengers are free to drink as much as they like as long as the person driving the boat remains sober. This singular emphasis on the drinking behavior of boat operators, as opposed to all occupants of the boat, may have several sources. First, there are indeed boating fatalities caused by drunken helmsmen crashing their vessels into other boats, rocks, piers, or other objects, as in the recent tragic crash in Florida involving three professional baseball players. While infrequent, these events tend to be more memorable and attract more publicity than the more common
Posttranscriptional Control of Renin Synthesis
Authors: Angela Skalweit, Anke Doller, Antje Huth, Thilo Kähne, Pontus B. Persson, Bernd-Joachim Thiele
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Stabilization and correct localization of mRNA are important features of renin synthesis. To elucidate the molecular basis of cAMP-mediated posttranscriptional control via mRNA stabilization, we analyzed the interaction of human preprorenin (hREN) mRNA 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) with proteins of renin synthesizing Calu-6 cells and investigated their functional impact on messenger integrity. To identify hREN mRNA binding proteins, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, UV cross-linking and RNA-affinity chromatography with subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were performed. The following six proteins were unambiguously identified as hREN mRNA 3′-UTR binding proteins: hnRNP E1 (synonyms α-CP or PCBP), hnRNP K, dynamin, nucleolin, YB-1, and MINT-homologous protein. All proteins contain various RNA binding motifs, and most have been described in the context of mRNA binding and mRNA stabilization. Four proteins for which antibodies were available were verified by immunological techniques (dynamin, nucleolin, hnRNP E1, and YB-1). Forskolin, an activator of cAMP synthesis, considerably stimulates renin synthesis via inhibition of REN mRNA decay. Functionally, this cAMP-based mRNA stabilization is accompanied by a 3- to 6-fold upregulation of REN mRNA binding proteins. RNase degradation assays confirm that 3′-UTR binding proteins are able to protect and stabilize REN mRNA in vitro.
Increased renal and vascular cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity in rats with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Michel Niederberger, Pere Ginès, Pierre-Yves Martin, Judy St. John, Paul Woytaszek, Lieming Xu, Phoebe Tsai, Raphael A. Nemenoff, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Indirect evidence suggests that the renal and vascular production of prostaglandins is increased in cirrhosis with ascites. However, the activity of the enzymes regulating the prostaglandin pathway has not been investigated in cirrhosis. The aim of the current study was to determine the activity of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), the key enzyme in the regulation of prostaglandin synthesis, in kidney and vascular tissue obtained from rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and ascites (n = 9) and control rats ( n = 6). PLA 2 activity was assayed in vitro using [ 14 C]arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and [ 14 C]arachidonyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as substrates in the presence of Ca 2+ . Kidneys from cirrhotic rats had significantly higher PLA 2 activity compared with control rats, with both PC and PE (35 ± 5 and 40 ± 6 vs. 21 ± 2 and 26 ± 3 pmol/mg/min, respectively; P &lt; .05 for both). PLA 2 activity was increased in the renal cortex as well as in the renal medulla. Fractionation of the kidney extracts by Mono-Q anion-exchange chromatography showed that the elution position of PLA 2 activity corresponded to the cytosolic PLA 2 isoform (cPLA 2 ). Increased amounts of cPLA 2 protein were found in kidney extracts immunoblotted with an anti-cPLA 2 antibody. However, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis did not detect any difference in cPLA 2 mRNA. PLA 2 activity was also higher in aortic tissue from cirrhotic rats than in controls (PC 38 ± 5 vs. 26 ± 1 and PE 66 ± 8 vs. 41 ± 3 pmol/mg/min; P &lt; .05 for both). Incubation of renal and aortic extracts from cirrhotic rats with anti-cPLA 2 antibody reduced PLA 2 activity by 64% and 88%, respectively. In conclusion, PLA 2 activity is increased in kidneys and vascular tissue from cirrhotic rats with ascites. This can be accounted for by an induction of cPLA 2 , which would mediate, at least in part, the increased renal and vascular production of prostaglandins in cirrhosis.
Myotomy for esophageal achalasia – laparoscopic versus peroral endoscopic approach
Authors: C. Gutschow, A. Hölscher
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

In their study published in this issue of Endoscopy, Inoue et al. present an interesting novel method for endoscopic treatment of achalasia [1]. It is the first report in the literature on this specific technique in humans, although the feasibility of the submucosal endoscopic approach and its possible impact on current treatment strategies for achalasia have been previously discussed in an animal study [2].
Atopic dermatitis from adolescence to adulthood in the <scp>TOACS</scp> cohort: prevalence, persistence and comorbidities
Authors: C. G. Mortz, K. E. Andersen, C. Dellgren, T. Barington, C. Bindslev‐Jensen
Journal: Allergy (2015)

While much is known about childhood atopic dermatitis, little is known about persistence of atopic dermatitis into adult life. We report, to our knowledge for the first time, the clinical course of atopic dermatitis in an unselected cohort of adolescents followed into adulthood.The course of atopic dermatitis from adolescence to adulthood was studied prospectively in a cohort of unselected 8th-grade schoolchildren established in 1995 and followed up in 2010 with questionnaire and clinical examination.The lifetime prevalence of atopic dermatitis was high (34.1%), and a considerable number of adults still suffered from atopic dermatitis evaluated both by questionnaire (17.1%) and clinical examination (10.0%). Persistent atopic dermatitis was found in 50% of those diagnosed in school age, and persistent atopic dermatitis was significantly associated with early onset, childhood allergic rhinitis and hand eczema. A close association was also found with allergic contact dermatitis and increased specific IgE to Malassezia furfur, but not with filaggrin gene defect.Persistence of atopic dermatitis in adulthood is common and affects quality of life. Persistent atopic dermatitis is particularly prevalent in those with early onset, allergic rhinitis and hand eczema in childhood. It is important to recognizing atopic dermatitis as a common and disabling disease not only in children but also in adults.
African Trypanosomiasis in Australia
Authors: S Maddocks, R O'Brien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. The day after returning to Australia from a four-week trip to East Africa, a 30-year-old woman began to have fevers, rigors, and a severe headache. Routine hematologic and biochemical studies were normal, a urine culture was negative, and a peripheral-blood film for malaria was negative. The symptoms persisted, and nausea, vomiting, and myalgia developed. A second peripheral-blood film for malaria was also negative. On examination, the patient had a fever (temperature, 39.5°C), tachycardia, and postural hypotension. The spleen was palpable 1 cm below the costal margin, and there was a macular, erythematous lesion on her inner right thigh . . .
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Robert B. Winter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a common problem; its prevalence in the general population is about 1.8 percent, if minor curvatures of 5 to 10 degrees are included. Progressive scoliosis and scoliosis that requires treatment are much more common in girls. The disorder is known to have a strong genetic factor, with most authors favoring a multifactorial gene theory. It is a worldwide problem; prevalence studies in China, Japan, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Brazil, and North America have revealed remarkably similar results.The cause of scoliosis is not yet known, despite a multitude of studies. The most recent interest has concerned . . .
Children and the Post-Concussion Syndrome
Authors: Harold Dillon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Children who sustain head injuries react much differently than adults who develop a fairly typical post-concussion syndrome of headaches, dizziness, and irritability. In 47 of the 50 children studied, personality changes and psychological phenomena were the outstanding post-concussion symptoms. Behavioral changes, including increased aggressiveness, regression and withdrawal, and antisocial behaviour were shown in 31. Sleep disturbances were extremely common, and 8 children developed enuresis. Post-concussion electroencephalographic abnormalities, frequently seen, usually disappeared. Clinical seizures were developed by 8 children. Reassurance and mild tranquilizers often sufficed for treatment. Intensive psychotherapy was sometimes necessary. Anticonvulsive medication was used when clinicalseizures occurred or electroencephalographic changes were found.
Tissue Doppler Imaging Predicts the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Subjects With Subclinical Disease
Authors: Sherif F. Nagueh, Judy McFalls, Denise Meyer, Rita Hill, William A. Zoghbi, James W. Tam, Miguel A. Quiñones, Robert Roberts, A.J. Marian
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Systolic (Sa) and diastolic (Ea) myocardial velocities measured by tissue Doppler (TD) imaging (TDI) recently were shown to be decreased in subjects who have mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but who do not have left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. By studying these subjects at a later date, we sought to determine whether TDI predicts the subsequent evolution of the HCM phenotype.Serial 2D and Doppler echocardiography were performed in 12 subjects (age range, 17 to 51 years) with HCM-causing mutations on 2 occasions: before development of hypertrophy and 2 years later. Twelve age- and gender-matched family members without mutations were included as control subjects. In those with mutations, mean septal thickness and LV mass were 1.07+/-0.14 cm and 103.0+/-11 g at baseline, respectively, and increased to 1.30+/-0.36 cm and 193.0+/-78 g at follow-up (P<0.01), with 6 subjects satisfying HCM diagnostic criteria. Sa and Ea velocities in those with mutations were lower compared with control subjects at baseline and follow-up (lateral Sa, 15+/-1.2 versus 8.2+/-2.1 cm/s; lateral Ea, 16.5+/-2.8 versus 8.1+/-2.3 cm/s; P<0.01). At 2 years, left atrial volume and pulmonary venous flow indices of LV filling pressures increased, whereas TD early and late diastolic velocities decreased (all P<0.05) in those with the mutations. Control subjects had no significant interval changes of the above parameters.Subsequent development of HCM in subjects with initially reduced TD velocities establishes TDI as a reliable method for early identification of HCM mutation carriers.
Extraskeletal Localization of MDP in Soft Tissue Secondary to Methotrexate Infiltration
Authors: CHARLES V. BROWN, JOHN H. MILLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

This case involves a 15-year-old boy with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who suffered infiltration of a methotrexate infusion from a right forearm intravenous catheter, resulting in soft tissue erythema and swelling of the right upper extremity. On a bone scan performed 6 days later to evaluate the sudden onset of nontraumatic thoracic spine pain, there was normal spine activity but markedly increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP In the right upper extremity soft tissues secondary to myonecrosis and soft tissue microcalcification. Soft tissue uptake of skeletal tracers due to chemotherapy extravasation has not been previously reported.