tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The novel TLR-9 agonist QbG10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma
Authors: Kai-Michael Beeh, Frank Kanniess, Frank Wagner, Cordula Schilder, Ingomar Naudts, Anya Hammann-Haenni, Joerg Willers, Hans Stocker, Philipp Mueller, Martin F. Bachmann, Wolfgang A. Renner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
EXPERIMENTAL HIGH INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN THE MONKEY
Authors: Russell L. Haden, Thomas G. Orr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The blood findings in five monkeys after experimental high intestinal obstruction are reported. All animals showed the marked rise in non-protein nitrogen characteristic of intestinal obstruction in man and the dog. Two monkeys showed a very marked drop in chlorides, the others a less marked fall. Coincident with the change in chlorides there is a rise in the CO(2)-combining power. The uric acid and creatinine showed no typical changes. No vomiting was observed. This emphasizes the fact that vomiting alone does not account for the fall in blood chlorides characteristic of intestinal obstruction.
FGF-dependent regulation of VEGF receptor 2 expression in mice
Authors: Masahiro Murakami, Loc T. Nguyen, Kunihiko Hatanaka, William Schachterle, Pei-Yu Chen, Zhen W. Zhuang, Brian L. Black, Michael Simons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Numerous studies have suggested a link between the angiogenic FGF and VEGF signaling pathways; however, the nature of this link has not been established. To evaluate this relationship, we investigated VEGF signaling in ECs with disrupted FGF signaling in vitro and in vivo. ECs lacking FGF signaling became unresponsive to VEGF, caused by downregulation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression after reduced Vegfr2 enhancer activation. FGF mediated VEGFR2 expression via activation of Erk1/2. Transcriptional analysis revealed that Ets transcription factors controlled VEGFR2 expression in an FGF- and Erk1/2-dependent manner. Mice with defective FGF signaling exhibited loss of vascular integrity and reduced vascular morphogenesis. Thus, basal FGF stimulation of the endothelium is required for maintenance of VEGFR2 expression and the ability to respond to VEGF stimulation and accounts for the hierarchic control of vascular formation by FGFs and VEGF.
Medical communication: the old and new. The development of medical journals in Britain.
Authors: C C Booth
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The development of printing and the publication of books formed an integral part of the Renaissance.During the sub- sequent scientific revolution it was initially in published books that the new breed of scientists brought their work before the public, and for the most part they published in Latin, the lingua franca of their time.In England, however, it was some time before medical matters were published even as books, particu- larly if their authors were promulgating ideas which challenged contemporary thought.In 1628, for example, William Harvey published De Motu Cordis in Frankfurt in Latin, no suitable vehicle for publication being available to him in England.The increase in publication that occurred during the century and a half that followed Harvey's death in 1657, however, brought an increasing amount of medical material before the public, and by the end of the eighteenth century Latin had been virtually replaced by English as the language of medical communication.The story of the publication of medical journals reflects the history of both medical practice and science.Medical papers were first published, usually in Latin, in the proceedings of learned societies, and societies subsequently emerged which were specifically devoted to medical subjects.Medical journals also became a vehicle for the expression of dissent and for the publication of medicopolitical ideas.During the first half of the nineteenth century, for example, both the Lancet and the pre- decessors of the British Medical journal played leading roles in the reform movement that led to the Medical Act of 1858.Since that time medical journals have increasingly reflected
Serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-3/CCL7 are raised in patients with systemic sclerosis: association with extent of skin sclerosis and severity of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: K Yanaba
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) and its clinical associations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). <b>Methods:</b> Serum MCP-3 levels from 69 patients with SSc were examined by ELISA. <b>Results:</b> Serum MCP-3 levels were raised in patients with SSc (n = 69) compared with healthy controls (n = 28). Patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (n = 36) had higher levels of serum MCP-3 than those with limited cutaneous SSc (n = 33). Patients with raised MCP-3 levels had pulmonary fibrosis and decreased vital capacity (VC) more often than those with normal MCP-3 levels. MCP-3 levels correlated positively with the extent of skin fibrosis, and inversely with %VC and carbon monoxide transfer factor (Tlco) in patients with SSc. <b>Conclusion:</b> MCP-3 levels were increased in patients with SSc, and correlated with the extent of skin sclerosis and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that MCP-3 may have a role in the development of fibrosis in SSc.
The Successful Use of Older Donors for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lewis Teperman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The supply of livers for transplantation has been limited by an arbitrary 45- or 50-year upper age ceiling for donor candidacy,<sup>1</sup>a ceiling that Darby et al<sup>2</sup>suggest may be too restrictive. To see if donor age affects results, we analyzed the fate of 75 adult livers transplanted in December 1988 and January 1989. <h3>Study.—</h3> Conditions of brain death and acceptability of liver function tests were met by the usual standards of our procurement program.<sup>3</sup>Ten donors were 51 to 54 years old and the others had an average age of 26.9 years (Table). Donors beyond age 54 years were not arbitrarily excluded because of age. However, during the 2-month study, 15 other offers of livers from donors older than 50 years were refused; our person on call declined 10 of these for nonspecific "judgment" reasons that probably reflected the age factor. The
Interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis is associated with dry mouth and thirst
Authors: Casper P. Bots, Henk S. Brand, Enno C.I. Veerman, Marianne Valentijn-Benz, Barbara M. Van Amerongen, Robert M. Valentijn, Pieter F. Vos, Joost A. Bijlsma, Pieter D. Bezemer, Piet M. ter Wee, Arie V. Nieuw Amerongen
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Urethral Fistula Following Circumcision
Authors: Rodney A. Mannion
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Circumcision is a simple procedure but distressing complications may follow it. We have observed urethral fistulas as a result of circumcision performed with a plastic bell and a clamp. These fistulae were 1 to 2 cm proximal to the urinary meatus beneath the glans. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in all three cases. The fistulas were not noted until 4 or 5 months of age. <h3>Report of Cases:—</h3> A full-term, normal child was born on March 22, 1964, and circumcision with a clamp was performed four days later. Bleeding complicated the circumcision, but sutures on the posterior aspect of the corona controlled it. In 1966, the parents noted an extra opening on the ventral aspect of the urethra. Perineal urethrostomy, for urinary diversion and excision, and inversion and repair of two small separate fistulous openings were completed satisfactorily. In the second patient, a clamp was used for
Abstract 5023: Down-regulating interferon regulatory factor-1 by siRNA promotes endurance to fulvestrant in sensitive breast cancer cells partially via Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway
Authors: Yanxia Ning, Rebecca B. Riggins, Ayesha N. Shajahan, Alan Zwart, Robert Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract AIM: Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) is a tumor suppressor gene that has an antitumor role in some cancers. In this study, we showed that reducing IRF1 expression by siRNA promotes resistance to Fulvestrant in MCF7/LCC1 cells at least partly by acting though the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. METHODS: After transfection with IRF1 siRNA by Amaxa Nuclofection, the MCF7/LCC1 cells were treated with 100 nM Fulvestrant for 2 days for monitoring gene expression, and for 3 and 6 days for apoptosis and cell proliferation assays, respectively. Five μM U0126 or 10 μM PD98059, the inhibitors of MEK, were used when necessary. Transactivation of IRF1, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, and ERE were detected by luciferase assays after transfection with the appropriate reporter plasmid. Caspase 7, 8 and 9 activities were detected by cleavage of their respective substrates. RESULTS: After transfected with IRF1 siRNA, the mRNA and protein levels of IRF1 expression were greatly reduced in MCF7/LCC1 cells. Knocking-down IRF1 expression resulted in increased proliferation, increased S-phase ratio, and decreased apoptosis of MCF7/LCC1 cells compared to mock or control siRNA groups. mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-w, Bcl-xL, Survivin and CyclinD1 were increased by IRF1 siRNA transfection. Luciferase assays showed that the Bcl-2 P2 (but not P1) promoter is inhibited by IRF1 siRNA transfection. At same time, the activities of Caspase 7 and 8 cannot be increased by Fulvestrant treatment after IRF1 siRNA transfection. Knocking down IRF1 expression partially restores Fulvestrant's inhibition of ERE-drive transcription. Total and phosphor-ER α expression were reduced by IRF1 siRNA transfection. Further, we found that the phosphor-ERK1/2 expression levels were increased by IRF1 siRNA transfection. Inhibition MEK with inhibitors could partially reverse the effect of IRF1 siRNA transfection on proliferation via inhibiting the effect of cell cycle other than apoptosis. Using the inhibitors has no effect on the expression of ER α and the transcriptional activity of ERE. CONCLUSIONS: Knocking down IRF1 expression promotes resistance to Fulvestrant in MCF/LCC1 breast cancer cells partially by increasing the expression of phosphor-ERK1/2. The reduced of ERα expression and increased transcriptional activity of ERE has also involved in the mechanism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5023.
Nonhomogeneous left ventricular regional shortening during acute right ventricular pressure overload.
Authors: Y Goto, B K Slinker, M M LeWinter
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Acute right ventricular pressure overload shifts the interventricular septum leftward and decreases systolic shortening of the left ventricular (LV) septal-lateral diameter. These changes should alter regional shortening in the LV minor axis. To test this hypothesis, LV minor axis circumferential segment lengths of the septum and anterior, lateral, and posterior walls were measured during pulmonary artery or venae caval constriction in seven open-chest dogs with intact pericardia. Starting at an end-diastolic pressure of 10 mm Hg, venae caval constriction decreased LV end-systolic pressure by 19 +/- 6% and stroke volume by 40 +/- 15% and produced uniform decreases in systolic shortening and end-diastolic length around the minor axis. However, during pulmonary artery constriction resulting in similar decreases in end-systolic pressure (22 +/- 7%) and stroke volume (39 +/- 11%), decreases in systolic shortening were significantly larger in the anterior (-34 +/- 10%) and posterior (-33 +/- 21%) walls than in the septum (-10 +/- 9%) or lateral wall (-8 +/- 13%). The mechanisms of these large anterior and posterior shortening decreases differed: anterior end-diastolic length decreased more than posterior and lateral end-diastolic lengths, while posterior end-systolic length decreased less than anterior and lateral end-systolic lengths. Similar changes were seen at starting end-diastolic pressures of 5 and 15 mm Hg. Propranolol did not alter this nonuniform response, while pericardiectomy attenuated the regional variations. Thus, changes in LV geometry during acute right ventricular pressure overload are associated with nonuniform regional changes in systolic shortening in the LV minor axis that are enhanced by the pericardium.
The rational clinical examination: detecting abnormal systolic murmurs
Authors: Y. Ali
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —I enjoyed the article on detecting abnormal systolic murmurs by Dr Etchells and colleagues1As I read through the details of aortic stenosis and simultaneous inflation of 2 sphygmomanometers to accentuate left-sided murmurs, it occurred to me that I know very few physicians actually performing such detailed examinations. It seems that data collection, interpretation of flow velocities, multiple gated acquistion scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiogram results are more important skills than the sublety of the bedside examination.  Bedside clinical rounds also seem to be a rarity and are held only by the older physicians; nowadays, laboratory printouts and chart flips seem to suffice. Clinical skills seem to be an added bonus, but not essential.  The way to change this is to realize that examinations motivate students and that improved clinical skills can be attained only by strict, rigorous criteria, such as formal bedside examinations. Many skilled acrobats are
Bringing DNA Repair in Tumors into Focus
Authors: Christopher J. Lord, Alan Ashworth
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Biomarkers are of crucial importance in optimizing cancer therapies. In this edition of Clinical Cancer Research, Bañuelos and colleagues assess H2AX phosphorylation as a predictive biomarker of response to DNA damaging agents. We discuss these results as well as the impact that double strand break repair biomarkers may have in cancer therapy.
Iron deficiency associated with higher blood lead in children living in contaminated environments.
Authors: A Bradman, B Eskenazi, P Sutton, M Athanasoulis, L R Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The evidence that iron deficiency increases lead child exposure is based primarily on animal data and limited human studies, and some of this evidence is contradictory. No studies of iron status and blood lead levels in children have accounted for environmental lead contamination and, therefore, the source of their exposure. Thus, no studies have directly determined whether iron deficiency modifies the relationship of environmental lead and blood lead. In this study, we compared blood lead levels of iron-deficient and iron-replete children living in low, medium, or highly contaminated environments. Measurements of lead in paint, soil, dust, and blood, age of housing, and iron status were collected from 319 children ages 1-5. We developed two lead exposure factors to summarize the correlated exposure variables: Factor 1 summarized all environmental measures, and Factor 2 was weighted for lead loading of house dust. The geometric mean blood lead level was 4.9 microg/dL; 14% exceeded 10 microg/dL. Many of the children were iron deficient (24% with ferritin < 12 ng/dL). Seventeen percent of soil leads exceeded 500 microg/g, and 23% and 63% of interior and exterior paint samples exceeded 5,000 microg/g. The unadjusted geometric mean blood lead level for iron-deficient children was higher by 1 microg/dL; this difference was greater (1.8 microg/dL) after excluding Asians. Blood lead levels were higher for iron-deficient children for each tertile of exposure as estimated by Factors 1 and 2 for non-Asian children. Elevated blood lead among iron-deficient children persisted after adjusting for potential confounders by multivariate regression; the largest difference in blood lead levels between iron-deficient and -replete children, approximately 3 microg/dL, was among those living in the most contaminated environments. Asian children had a paradoxical association of sufficient iron status and higher blood lead level, which warrants further investigation. Improving iron status, along with reducing exposures, may help reduce blood lead levels among most children, especially those living in the most contaminated environments.
Of grasshoppers, figs, and death.
Authors: L R Agnew
Journal: BMJ (1979)

I hope this title suggests a strange mixture, because this presentation is a sort of thanatological opera with many different performers, and a leitmotiv of literature and death. The title was culled from one of Sir Thomas Browne's less familiar writings; his Letter to a Friend which was published in 1690, eight years after Sir Thomas died. In this short piece Browne describes his visit to the bedside of a young man who was dying of pulmonary tuberculosis. As one commentator has observed,  we have no poet and dreamer drudging at the scientist's task, but a sensitive mind alert to the symptoms in the afflicted body before him, yet deeply aware of the mysteries of human existence. As he describes the slow, quiet death of a young man suffering from phthisis . . . the two sides of Browne's mind play alternatively: the physician observes the symptoms while the philosopher reflects on their meaning; his imagination soars to remote possibilities, yet is never quite free from the restrictions of the intellect.1 What I liked especially was the wonderfully gentle way Browne broke the bad news of the lad's impending death to the relatives. Here it is, in his own words : Upon my first visit I was bold to tell them who had not let fall all hopes of his recovery, that in my sad opinion he was not like to behold a grasshopper, much less to pluck another fig.2
Effect of interferon therapy on hepatitis C virus RNA in whole blood, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Warren N. Schmidt, Ping Wu, Donna Brashear, Donna Klinzman, Mary Jeanne Phillips, Douglas R. LaBrecque, Jack T. Stapleton
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Fifty-two patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were treated with standard doses of interferon alfa-2b. During treatment, HCV RNA detection was studied in samples of whole blood (WB), plasma (Pl), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Individuals were classified as sustained responders (SRs), complete responders with relapse (CRs), partial responders (PRs), or nonresponders (NRs) according to normalization of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) during treatment and follow-up. Before treatment, 100% of WB samples and more than 95% of Pl and PBMC samples were positive for HCV RNA. During treatment, there was progressive clearance of HCV RNA from Pl and PBMCs in SRs and CRs, but CRs had significantly more positive WB samples during and following treatment (P <.0001). At 6 months, only 10% of CR patients were positive by Pl assay, but 50% were positive by WB assay (P <.01). In the PR group, all WB samples remained positive throughout treatment, although 25% to 40% of PBMC and Pl samples became negative for HCV RNA during the first 2 months of therapy (WB > Pl or PBMC; P < .001). However, at later times during treatment most Pl and PBMC samples in the PR group were positive. Samples from the NR group showed no clearance of HCV RNA from WB, Pl, or PBMC fractions. These data document the increased sensitivity of WB assays for detecting HCV RNA in the peripheral blood of patients during interferon therapy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that WB analysis of HCV RNA may be a useful parameter to monitor in determining the end point of interferon therapy.
Adolescent Psychiatry, vol 2: Developmental and Clinical Studies
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Although the first volume in this series, published in 1971, dealt largely with psychoanalytic problems, this second volume covers a much wider range of subjects and viewpoints. The contributors are mainly American, but several are from Argentina, England, and Israel. Several papers deal with the family and the youth's problems of separation from it. Stierlin, Levi, and Savard show the effect of centripetal and centrifugal patterns of family adjustment. Ekstein describes the adolescent's struggle against separation and presents interesting illustrative cases. His paper is discussed at length by Frank Williams, with special reference to family therapy. This is the subject of another paper by Williams and is touched on by several others. Sexual problems and the recent sexual revolution are discussed by several authors. Of course, drug abuse is considered. So much has been written about this recently that it is surprising to see how much Derek Miller contributes that
The Full English
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Screaming, shouting, and tears—so begins the usual misery of October half term holiday. Mistakenly you decide to fly at 4 am, with four children, from an airport a drive of four hours away, and with a flight time of four hours. The Greek island roads are slower and scarier than Euro Disney rides, but eventually you arrive at the villa. That night, sweating and to the buzz of mosquitoes, you start the next journey—the guilt trip: the cheap flights, the …
Blinding trachoma almost eliminated from Morocco
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Trachoma, the world's leading cause of preventable blindness, is expected to be eliminated from Morocco by 2005, the International Trachoma Initiative announced this week.

The initiative, founded in 1998 by the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation and Pfizer, is currently working in six countries where trachoma is endemic. It is shortly going to extend its work to another three countries in Africa and Asia. Six million people worldwide are blind as a result of the disease, which is …
The treatment of chronic hepatitis C with peginterferon alfa-2a (40kDa) plus ribavirin in haemodialysed patients awaiting renal transplant
Authors: Maria Rendina, Antonio Schena, Nicola Maurizio Castellaneta, Francesco Losito, Anna Cinzia Amoruso, Giovanni Stallone, Francesco Paolo Schena, Alfredo Di Leo, Antonio Francavilla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Two patients who changed my practice: Mothers always know best
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I inherited David and Meena when I took over medical responsibility for the special school. David's mother was 17 and unmarried when he was born 14 years ago; he had severe spastic quadriplegia and mental handicap. There were frequent messages from health professionals and school staff expressing concern about his feeding difficulties and weight gain; his weight was well below the third centile.

I always gently tried to encourage David's mum to feed him more, with exhortations about the benefits of building up his weight. Apparently I was not the only one. Finally, his mother had had enough. She firmly but assertively told me that whenever she met people from health or education they always talked about David's weight.

Did we think that she …