tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Licensed recombinant hepatitis B vaccines protect chimpanzees against infection with the prototype surface gene mutant of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Norio Ogata, Paul J. Cote, Alessandro R. Zanetti, Roger H. Miller, Max Shapiro, John Gerin, Robert H. Purcell
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The emergence in vaccinated individuals of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants with amino acid substitutions within the a determinant of the surface protein has raised the possibility that such variants represent neutralization escape mutants. We previously demonstrated that one such mutant HBV, strain AS, with an arginine substituted for glycine at surface gene codon 145, was infectious and pathogenic in seronegative chimpanzees. In the present study, the protective efficacy of licensed hepatitis B vaccines was evaluated against challenge with this mutant virus. Four chimpanzees were immunized with 1 of 2 licensed recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Shortly after the chimpanzees developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), they were challenged intravenously with mutant HBV strain AS. Two unvaccinated chimpanzees served as positive controls. The 4 vaccinated chimpanzees did not develop evidence of HBV infection or hepatitis during 2 years following virus challenge. In contrast, the 2 unvaccinated chimpanzees developed HBV infection and hepatitis. Serum anti-HBs in the vaccinated chimpanzees reacted not only with wild-type surface antigen, but also with mutant surface antigen by competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thus, immunization of chimpanzees with licensed recombinant hepatitis B vaccines stimulates anti-HBs that is broadly reactive and affords protection against infection with a surface gene mutant of HBV, suggesting that properly immunized individuals are not at significant risk of infection with this prototype variant strain of HBV.
ON A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED DISEASE OF THE SKIN
Authors: ARTHUR WHITFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article ON A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED DISEASE OF THE SKIN Get access ARTHUR WHITFIELD ARTHUR WHITFIELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 1, 1 January 1932, Pages 24–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09535.x Published: 01 January 1932
Charles Kickham Heffernan
Authors: S. Heffernan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Charles K Heffernan was born in County Kilkenny, the youngest child of two girls and four boys, of Patrick and Josephine Heffernan. His father was medical officer of health for the County of Kilkenny, Republic of Ireland.

Charles qualified as a medical practitioner at Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, in 1946. He became light heavyweight boxing champion for the British Army while stationed at Colchester in the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1946-8. …
Challenging the Idea of Corporate Responsibility: Physician's Obligation to Disclose Information
Authors: Luca Chiapperino, Janaina Oliva Oishi
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments The authors thank Cecilia Nardini, Alessandro Blasimme, Paolo Maugeri, and Margaret Curnutte for improving the style of this article and for their valuable feedback.
THE DEGENERATE EAR.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Figures 10, 11 and 12 illustrate the different stages of excessive and arrested development of the helix. For the purpose of giving a better description of the stigmata of the ear I have divided the ear into upper, middle and lower third. Figure 10 shows arrest of the helix as far up as the upper third, while the upper part is well developed. Figure 11 shows the helix normally developed. Figure 12 illustrates the lower third normally developed, while the upper middle and upper third are excessively developed. When the whole or a large part of the helix is arrested the ear is usually (not always) larger and the antihelix is excessively developed. On the other hand, when the whole helix or larger part is excessively developed the ear is usually (not always) small and thick, with arrested antihelix. When the ear is at or near an angle of 90
Expression of β-catenin in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: M. El-Bahrawy, N. El-Masry, M. Alison, R. Poulsom, M. Fallowfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background beta-Catenin is a crucial member of the E-cadherin/catenin complex, which plays a major role in cell-cell adhesion. beta-Catenin is also known to be involved in signal transduction pathways. Many studies have demonstrated changes in the expression of beta-catenin in colorectal carcinomas, suggesting a role for beta-catenin in neoplastic development. Objectives Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a locally invasive tumour. The various subtypes show differences in biological behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the presence of differences in the immunoprofile of beta-catenin among histological variants of BCC. Methods Eighty BCCs were studied (32 nodular, 7 micronodular, 24 superficial and 17 infiltrative and morphoeic). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained for beta-catenin using the avidin/biotin immunodetection technique. Results All the nodular BCCs showed membranous and weak cytoplasmic staining. Nuclear staining was seen in 15 of 32 (47%) cases, being stronger at the periphery of the nodules in 11 of 15 (73%) of these cases. In superficial BCCs the membranous staining was variable and cytoplasmic staining was increased. Nuclear staining was seen in 16 of 24 (67%) cases, being more notable at the periphery in 8 of 16 (50%) of these cases. All micronodular BCCs showed strong membranous staining, weak cytoplasmic and no nuclear staining. In the infiltrative and morphoeic BCCs membranous staining was completely lost at the advancing margins of the invading cell strands, with a marked increase in cytoplasmic staining; nuclear staining was observed in all these tumours. Conclusions The expression of beta-catenin varied between different types of BCC. Nuclear localization was most notable in the infiltrative and morphoeic variants, followed by the superficial variant, and seen least in nodular BCC. Its prominence at tumour margins suggests that this may be associated with more aggressive types of invasion.
Time course of organ failure in patients with septic shock treated with hydrocortisone: results of the Corticus study
Authors: R. Moreno, C. L. Sprung, D. Annane, S. Chevret, J. Briegel, D. Keh, M. Singer, Y. G. Weiss, D. Payen, B. H. Cuthbertson, J.-L. Vincent
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Neurocardiology update: role of the nervous system in coronary vasomotion
Authors: D. L Cordero, N. A Cagin, B. H Natelson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Neurocardiology update: role of the nervous system in coronary vasomotion Get access Douglas L Cordero, Douglas L Cordero aDepartment of Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 88 Ross St, East Orange, NJ 07019, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norman A Cagin, Norman A Cagin bDepartment of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 88 Ross St, East Orange, NJ 07019, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin H Natelson Benjamin H Natelson * aDepartment of Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 88 Ross St, East Orange, NJ 07019, USA *Correspondence to Dr Natelson. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 3, March 1995, Pages 319–328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88587-7 Published: 01 March 1995 Article history Received: 11 March 1994 Accepted: 31 October 1994 Published: 01 March 1995
Back Pain: Diagnosis and Treatment Using Manipulative Techniques
Authors: Joseph S. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Undergraduate or graduate physicians, particularly those who undergo training in orthopedics, have ample opportunity to learn operative techniques. The effective use of therapeutic exercises is also a part of the armamentarium, but these physicians receive little or no instruction in the manipulative treatment of back pain. Most are satisfied to leave this therapeutic tool in the hands of osteopaths, chiropractors, and others who are not fully accredited. On the other hand, even though they may question the theoretical concepts and the clinical diagnoses made by manipulative therapists, physicians are aware that many patients attest to the therapeutic benefit produced by such treatment. I have an uneasy feeling that physicians are ignoring a potentially useful therapeutic tool. The author states that "the method [manipulation] has been extremely useful in relieving symptoms arising from any part of the spine which are not caused by herniated discs or other gross pathological processes." He
Abstract 4109: EphrinA2 promotes tumorigenicity through Rac1/Akt/NF-kappa B signaling pathway in liver cancer
Authors: Yu-xiong Feng, Jiang-Sha Zhao, Shu-Qun Cheng, Yunfei Yuan, Xiao-fan Wang, Dong Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Eph/Ephrin family, one of the largest receptor tyrosine kinase families, has been extensively studied in morphogenesis and neural development. Recently, growing attentions have been attracted on its role in initiation and progression of various cancers. However, the role of Eph/Ephrins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been rarely investigated. In this study, we found that the expression of EphrinA2 was significantly upregulated in both established cell lines and clinical tissue samples of HCC, and the most significant increase was observed in the tumors invading into the portal veins. Forced expression of EphrinA2 in HCC cells significantly promoted in vivo tumorigenicity, while knockdown of this gene inhibited this oncogenic effect. We further found that suppression of apoptosis, rather than accelerating proliferation, was responsible for EphrinA2-enhanced tumorigenicity. In addition, EphrinA2 endowed cancer cells with resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, thus facilitating their survival. Furthermore, we disclosed a novel EphrinA2/Rac1/Akt/NF-kB pathway contributing to the inhibitory effect on apoptosis in HCC cells. In a conclusion, our study revealed that EphrinA2 played an important role in the development and progression of HCC by promoting the survival of cancer cells, indicating its role as a potential therapeutic target in HCC Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4109.
Acute Leukaemia Treated with A-Methopterin
Authors: J. V. Dacie, E. Dresner, D. L. Mollin, J. C. White
Journal: BMJ (1951)

pressure when given orally.One death probably attribut- able to the drug is reported, and also three probable cases of bromide intoxication.Reasons are given for believing that the sedative effect of the bromide ion, aided by ancillary factors, was one of the main agents in the subjective improvement in these patients.We are grateful to our ward sisters, without whose co-operation this work could not have been done; to Dr. J. Lister and Dr. J. Angus for their unfailing help in the treatment of these cases; and to Mr. D. G. Nutt for his skilled biochemical assistance.We also wish to thank Messrs. May and Baker Ltd. for the adequate supply of the drugs necessary to conduct this trial, and Mrs. E. D
MS-08 * GLIOSARCOMA: FEATURES AND OUTCOMES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
Authors: F. A. Hashmi, E. Bari, S. A. Khan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Gliosarcoma is a rare CNS neoplasm with a few cases reported from Pakistan. OBJECTIVES: We aim to see the features and outcomes of this rare entity in Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective case-series conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University. The medical record files of surgically treated patients with Gliosarcoma from 2003 - 2012 were reviewed, MRI/C.T scans and Histopathological slides were reviewed. Patients lost to follow-up were contacted. Analysis was done on SPSS 20. RESULTS: A total of 7 cases of Gliosarcoma were found. The median age was 52 years with a male:female of 5:2. The symptoms included Headache 71%, hemiparesis 43%, dysphasia, forgetfulness and dysphagia 29% patients. KPS was >70 in 4 and <70 in 3 patients. Five patients had tumor in Temporal lobe. MRI showed Hypointense signals in 2, iso-intense in 2 and hypo-iso-intense signals in 2 cases on T1-weighted images and hyperintense in 5 cases on T2-weighted images. Solid tumor was seen in 5 patients, features of necrosis was seen in 4,hemorrhage in 3 cases. Mass effect was seen in 3 cases. Contrast enhancement was seen in 6 cases. Gross-total resection was done in 3, Sub-total resection in 2 cases and biopsy in 2 cases. Recurrence was found in 6 patients. Repeat surgery was done in 3 patients, 6 underwent chemo + radiotherapy. Six patients died of the disease. The median Progression Free Survival was 2 months (range 1-6 months), median Overall survival was 6 months (3- 13 months). CONCLUSION: Gliosarcoma is a significantly aggressive tumor in Pakistan.
P895 MODEL TO PREDICT RECURRENCE AFTER LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BEYOND THE MILAN CRITERIA
Authors: J.-H. Lee, Y. Cho, D.H. Lee, Y.B. Lee, S.J. Yu, N.-J. Yi, K.-W. Lee, S.H. Kim, Y.J. Kim, J.-H. Yoon, K.-S. Suh, H.-S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Occupational therapy for patients with problems in personal activities of daily living after stroke: systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: Lynn Legg, Avril Drummond, Jo Leonardi-Bee, J R F Gladman, Susan Corr, Mireille Donkervoort, Judi Edmans, Louise Gilbertson, Lyn Jongbloed, Pip Logan, Catherine Sackley, Marion Walker, Peter Langhorne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether occupational therapy focused specifically on personal activities of daily living improves recovery for patients after stroke. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> The Cochrane stroke group trials register, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycLIT, AMED, Wilson Social Sciences Abstracts, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Dissertations Abstracts register, Occupational Therapy Research Index, scanning reference lists, personal communication with authors, and hand searching. <b>Review methods</b> Trials were included if they evaluated the effect of occupational therapy focused on practice of personal activities of daily living or where performance in such activities was the target of the occupational therapy intervention in a stroke population. Original data were sought from trialists. Two reviewers independently reviewed each trial for methodological quality. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. <b>Results</b> Nine randomised controlled trials including 1258 participants met the inclusion criteria. Occupational therapy delivered to patients after stroke and targeted towards personal activities of daily living increased performance scores (standardised mean difference 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.32, P=0.01) and reduced the risk of poor outcome (death, deterioration or dependency in personal activities of daily living) (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.87, P=0.003). For every 100 people who received occupational therapy focused on personal activities of daily living, 11 (95% confidence interval 7 to 30) would be spared a poor outcome. <b>Conclusions</b> Occupational therapy focused on improving personal activities of daily living after stroke can improve performance and reduce the risk of deterioration in these abilities. Focused occupational therapy should be available to everyone who has had a stroke.
Early-Life Sodium Exposure Unmasks Susceptibility to Stroke in Hyperlipidemic, Hypertensive Heterozygous Tg25 Rats Transgenic for Human Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein
Authors: Julius L. Decano, Jason C. Viereck, Ann C. McKee, James A. Hamilton, Nelson Ruiz-Opazo, Victoria L.M. Herrera
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Early-life risk factor exposure increases aortic atherosclerosis and blood pressure in humans and animal models; however, limited insight has been gained as to end-organ complications.We investigated the effects of early-life Na exposure (0.23% versus 0.4% NaCl regular rat chow) on vascular disease outcomes using the inbred, transgenic [hCETP](25) Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rat model of male-predominant coronary atherosclerosis, Tg25. Rather than the expected increase in coronary heart disease, fetal 0.4% Na exposure (< or =2 g of Na per 2-kcal/d diet) induced adult-onset stroke in both sexes (ANOVA P<0.0001), with earlier stroke onset in Tg25 females. Analysis of later onset of 0.4% Na exposure resulted in decreased stroke risk and later stroke onset despite longer 0.4% Na exposure durations, which indicates increasing risk with earlier onset of 0.4% Na exposure. Histological analysis of stroke-positive rat brains revealed cerebral cortical hemorrhagic infarctions, microhemorrhages, neuronal ischemia, and microvascular injury. Ex vivo MRI of stroke-positive rat brains detected cerebral hemorrhages, microhemorrhages, and ischemia with middle cerebral artery distribution and cerebellar noninvolvement. Ultrasound microimaging detected carotid artery disease. Prestroke analysis detected neuronal ischemia and decreased mass of isolated cerebral but not cerebellar microvessels.Early-life Na exposure exacerbated hypertension and unmasked stroke susceptibility, with greater female vulnerability in hypertensive, hyperlipidemic Tg25 rats. The reproducible modeling in stroke-prone Tg25 rats of carotid artery disease, cerebral hemorrhagic infarctions, neuronal ischemia, microhemorrhages, and microvascular alterations suggests a pathogenic spectrum with causal interrelationships. This "mixed-stroke" spectrum could represent paradigms of ischemic-hemorrhagic transformation and/or a microangiopathic basis for the association of ischemic lesions, microhemorrhages, and strokes in humans. Together, the data reveal early-life Na exposure to be a significant modifier of hypertension and stroke disease course and hence a potentially modifiable prevention target that deserves systematic study.
Dasatinib (BMS-354825) Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells Dependent on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling for Survival
Authors: Lanxi Song, Mark Morris, Tapan Bagui, Francis Y. Lee, Richard Jove, Eric B. Haura
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) selectively activate Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that are important in lung cancer cell survival. Src family kinases can cooperate with receptor tyrosine kinases to signal through downstream molecules, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PTEN/Akt and STATs. Based on the importance of EGFR signaling in lung cancer, the known cooperation between EGFR and Src proteins, and evidence of elevated Src activity in human lung cancers, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel orally bioavailable Src inhibitor dasatinib (BMS-324825) in lung cancer cell lines with defined EGFR status. Here, we show that cell fate (death versus growth arrest) in lung cancer cells exposed to dasatinib is dependent on EGFR status. In cells with EGFR mutation that are dependent on EGFR for survival, dasatinib reduces cell viability through the induction of apoptosis while having minimal apoptotic effect on cell lines with wild-type (WT) EGFR. The induction of apoptosis in these EGFR-mutant cell lines corresponds to down-regulation of activated Akt and STAT3 survival proteins. In cell lines with WT or resistant EGFR mutation that are not sensitive to EGFR inhibition, dasatinib induces a G1 cell cycle arrest with associated changes in cyclin D and p27 proteins, inhibits activated FAK, and prevents tumor cell invasion. Our results show that dasatinib could be effective therapy for patients with lung cancers through disruption of cell growth, survival, and tumor invasion. Our results suggest EGFR status is important in deciding cell fate in response to dasatinib. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5542-8)
TCT-20 Two-Year Clinical Follow-Up of the FIREHAWK Abluminal Groove-Filled Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in the Treatment of Patients with De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions: The TARGET I Trial
Authors: Bo Xu, Run-Lin Gao, Alexandra Lansky, Yuejin Yang, Ma Changsheng, Yaling Han, Shao Liang Chen, Hui Li, Ruiyan Zhang, Guosheng Fu, Zuyi Yuan, Yong Huo, Wei Li, Yelin Zhao, Martin Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Shuttle case records: link between general practice and the specialist unit.
Authors: J M Beyer, K Horslev-Petersen, P Helin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

General practitioners have participated in the long term follow up of 367 patients who have undergone treatment with potent antirheumatic drugs at this hospital. Over the past two and a half years we have used the "shuttle case record" system, whereby patients' records are mailed back and forth between our department and general practitioners. This seems to work well. It is safe for the patients, and they save time and money in travel. The general practitioners like it, it improves communication between them and the specialist unit, and it enables the specialist unit to use its resources and manpower more effectively. The system may also be used to monitor patients with other chronic disorders, and it may be a valuable tool for doing research in general practice.
Extratumoral Vascular Invasion Is a Significant Prognostic Indicator and a Predicting Factor of Distant Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshihisa Shimada, Genichiro Ishii, Tomoyuki Hishida, Junji Yoshida, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Kanji Nagai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Increased thermogenesis in children with type I diabetes [letler; comment]
Authors: D. Molnar, T. Decsi, G. Soltesz
Journal: BMJ (1989)

the ultrasound examination had aneurysms of maximum diameters of 3 3, 4-7, 5-2, and 8 0 cm.The patient with the small aneurysm is being reviewed six monthly'; the other three patients have had elective surgical replacement of their aneurysins.
Serum Potassium in Lactic Acidosis and Ketoacidosis
Authors: Milford Fulop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

METABOLIC acidosis has been thought to elevate serum potassium concentration.1 , 2 However, hyperkalemia was not found in recent studies in patients with postictal lactic acidosis3 or in dogs infused with lactic acid4 , 5 or 3-hydroxybutyric acid5 — observations that raise questions about the association between metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia: Does metabolic acidosis cause hyperkalemia or is the latter an epiphenomenon? Does metabolic acidosis (or acidemia) cause hyperkalemia only when acidosis is due to excess "mineral acids," and not to excess organic acids? With the hope of providing some clarification of these questions, I have reviewed initial laboratory data and clinical findings in . . .