tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endovascular irradiation with the liquid β-emitter Rhenium-188 to reduce restenosis after experimental wall injury
Authors: Markus Wohlfrom, Jörg Kotzerke, Joachim Kamenz, Martin Eble, Beate Hess, Jochen Wöhrle, Sven N Reske, Vinzenz Hombach, Hartmut Hanke, Martin Höher
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Postinterventional irradiation is a new therapeutic concept in the prevention of restenosis. The liquid beta-emitter Rhenium-188 allows endovascular brachytherapy using a conventional balloon catheter without the problem of centering the radiation source. In an animal model of restenosis the feasibility and the dose dependent effect of intravascular brachytherapy with a Rhenium-188 filled balloon catheter was investigated.In 68 male New Zealand White rabbits after endothelial denudation of the right common carotid artery with a Fogarty catheter, endovascular irradiation was performed with a Rhenium-188 filled 3.0-mm balloon catheter using different dosages (0, 7.5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Gy at the surface of the vessel). Then 4 weeks after the intervention the vessels were excised and histologically analyzed.Whereas at 7.5 Gy the intimal area (median [first quartile; third quartile]) did not differ significantly from the control (0.46 mm(2) [0.33 mm(2), 0.75 mm(2)] vs. 0.49 mm(2) [0.34 mm(2), 0.66 mm(2)]), neointimal hyperplasia was decreased significantly at 15 Gy (0.15 mm(2) [0.04 mm(2), 0.17 mm(2)]) and 30 Gy (0.07 mm(2) [0.04 mm(2), 0. 10 mm(2)]), and completely inhibited at the highest dosages (45 Gy: 0 mm(2) [0 mm(2), 0.04 mm(2)]; 60 Gy: 0 mm(2) [0 mm(2), 0.01 mm(2)]).Catheter transmitted endovascular irradiation with the liquid beta-emitter Rhenium-188 after vascular injury is feasible and effectively reduced neointimal hyperplasia in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. A significant reduction of the neointimal formation could be found already at a radiation absorbed dose of 15 Gy at the vessel surface. Following a surface dosage of 45 Gy the proliferative response to the vessel injury is almost completely abolished.
PROGNOSIS IN ARTERIOSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: L. E. VIKO
Journal: JAMA (1934)

No part of medical practice is more difficult than accurate prognosis. Yet to the patient the outlook for length of life and degree of disability is of greater interest than the technicalities of diagnosis or the details of treatment. Heart disease of any kind offers special difficulties in prognosis, and among the different etiologic types of heart disease the problem is greatest among the arteriosclerotic. Not infrequently the physician is called urgently to the bedside of a patient dying suddenly of coronary occlusion and is told by the widow that only a week or a month before a physician had examined the patient and had found no heart trouble or had said that there was "nothing serious." It is still more embarrassing beside the death bed if the same physician has given the optimistic prognosis a week or a month previously. Since prognosis is merely quantitative diagnosis, rational treatment depends
Prostaglandin E2 Impairs CD4+ T Cell Activation by Inhibition of lck: Implications in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Jens M. Chemnitz, Julia Driesen, Sabine Classen, James L. Riley, Svenja Debey, Marc Beyer, Alexey Popov, Thomas Zander, Joachim L. Schultze
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Many tumors, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, are associated with decreased cellular immunity and elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known inhibitor of CD4+ T cell activation, suggested to be involved in immune deviation in cancer. To address the molecular mechanisms tumor-derived PGE2 might have on primary human CD4+ T cells, we used a whole genome-based transcriptional approach and show that PGE2 severely limited changes of gene expression induced by signaling through the T cell receptor and CD28. This data suggests an interference of PGE2 at an early step of T cell receptor signaling: indeed, PGE2 stimulation of T cells leads to inactivation of lck and reduced phosphorylation of ZAP70. Antiapoptotic genes escaped PGE2-induced inhibition resulting in partial protection from apoptosis in response to irradiation or Fas-mediated signaling. As a functional consequence, PGE2-treated CD4+ T cells are arrested in the cell cycle associated with up-regulation of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1. Most importantly, CD4+ T cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma show similar regulation of genes that were altered in vitro by PGE2 in T cells from healthy individuals. These data strongly suggest that PGE2 is an important factor leading to CD4+ T cell impairment observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 1114-22)
Nek4 Status Differentially Alters Sensitivity to Distinct Microtubule Poisons
Authors: Jason Doles, Michael T. Hemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Microtubule poisons are widely used in cancer treatment, but the factors determining the relative efficacy of different drugs in this class remain obscure. In this study, we identified the NIMA kinase Nek4 in a genetic screen for mediators of the response to Taxol, a chemotherapeutic agent that stabilizes microtubules. After Taxol treatment, Nek4 promoted microtubule outgrowth, whereas Nek4 deficiency impaired G(2)-M arrest and decreased formation of mitotic-like asters. In contrast, Nek4 deficiency sensitized cells to vincristine, which destabilizes microtubules. Therefore, Nek4 deficiency may either antagonize or agonize the effects of microtubule poisons, depending on how they affect microtubule polymerization. Of note, Nek4 gene maps to a commonly deleted locus in non-small cell lung cancer. Thus, Nek4 deletion in this disease may rationalize the use of particular types of microtubule poisons for lung cancer therapy.
Clostridium difficile Colitis: An Efficient Clinical Approach to Diagnosis
Authors: Yukari C. Manabe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To define clinical and laboratory variables that suggest the presence of Clostridium difficile colitis and to establish the number of stool specimens needed to reasonably exclude the diagnosis of C. difficile colitis. Design: Prospective study of consecutive inpatients whose stool specimens were sent to be evaluated for the presence of C. difficile toxin. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: 268 hospital inpatients in medical, surgical, and gynecology units. Measurements: Structured history and physical examination; detection of C. difficile toxin by cytotoxin tissue-culture assay with anti-C. difficile antiserum neutralization and by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for C. difficile toxins A and B; and detection of fecal leukocytes by microscopic examination and by latex agglutination lactoferrin assay. Results: 43 of 268 consecutive inpatients were positive for C. difficile toxin by EIA or tissue-culture assay. Although toxin was detected by EIA alone in 39 of the 43 patients, it was detected in an additional 4 patients (10%) by tissue-culture assay alone. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following clinical and laboratory features were associated with C. difficile toxin positivity: the onset of diarrhea 6 or more days after the administration of antibiotics (odds ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.10 to 3.79]); hospital stay longer than 15 days (odds ratio, 1.33 [CI, 1.09 to 3.95]); the presence of fecal leukocytes determined by microscopy (odds ratio, 2.39 [CI, 1.05 to 5.42]) or lactoferrin assay (odds ratio, 3.74 [CI, 1.80 to 7.76]); the presence of semiformed (as opposed to watery) stools (odds ratio, 2.33 [CI, 1.10 to 4.90]); and cephalosporin use (odds ratio, 2.36 [CI, 1.10 to 5.09]). Toxin-positive patients were no more likely than controls to have had fever, abdominal pain or cramps, leukocytosis, green-colored diarrhea, or blood in the stool or to have received clindamycin or penicillin derivatives. Of the 43 patients with C. difficile toxin, 34 (79%) had positive results for the toxin on the first stool specimen, 5 (cumulative, 91%) had positive results on the second specimen, and 4 had positive results on the third specimen. Overall, the negative predictive value of the first stool specimen was 97%. All patients who had two or more clinical or laboratory predictors were diagnosed with C. difficile disease when either the first or the second stool specimen was positive for toxin. Conclusions: Clinicians at the bedside can use readily available clinical and laboratory information to decide which patients are likely to have C. difficile disease and when it is appropriate and useful to order specific diagnostic tests for C. difficile toxin. Such data are also useful in determining the number of stool samples that reasonably excludes the diagnosis of C. difficile colitis.
Foreign Bodies in the Ear.
Authors: J. M. Farrington
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Binghamton, N. Y., Jan. 5, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I write to add my experience in the management of the above cases. A boy was brought to me with a grain of corn in his ear, which had defied all the efforts at removal made by his parents and friends. It had been lodged there for several days. The external ear was swollen to perhaps double its normal size, and the tumefaction of the tissues was such that the auditory canal was nearly closed. Only a small portion of the surface of the grain of corn could be seen. The parts were much inflamed and the tenderness was so acute, that no manipulations or instrumental efforts could be made without an anesthetic. I was, however, able to achieve a most gratifying success by the use of a continuous jet of warm water thrown gently against the ear by a Davidson's
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma in adults.
Authors: S T Weiss, M J Utell, J M Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) contaminates indoor air in homes and workplaces. Although the adverse effects of active cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract have been extensively characterized, the effects of ETS exposure on adult asthma have not yet been investigated extensively and the available data are limited. This article examines the evidence for ETS exposure as a cause of asthma and asthma exacerbation in adults, and for ETS exposure in the workplace specifically as contributing to these health effects. It addresses methodological barriers that limit the available data and evaluates the adequacy of the data for risk assessment.
Cigarettes, Coronary Occlusions, and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There is now substantial evidence incriminating the cigarette habit in coronary heart disease. This evidence is broadly based, including not only prospective epidemiologic observations, but clinical and pathological correlations and laboratory and experimental findings. Since the original Surgeon General's report in 1964, a mass of information has accumulated that amply serves to clarify and strengthen the original observations and tentative conclusions.<sup>1</sup> Mechanisms whereby cigarette smoking can both accelerate the rate of development of cardiovascular disease and provoke coronary attacks have been elucidated.<sup>2</sup>The chief components identified as noxious to the cardiovascular system are nicotine and carbon monoxide.<sup>2,3</sup>These have been shown to evoke multiple adverse effects through cardiodynamic influences, atherogenesis, hemostatic changes, and vasculotoxic and inflammatory influences. Nicotine stimulates catecholamine release, increases myocardial irritability and heart rate, and causes vascular constriction and a transient rise in pressure, while at the same time, platelets become more adherent. As
Visual screening of pre-school children.
Authors: J H Cameron, M Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In an attempt to reduce the incidence of persistent amblyopia and related disorders, routine screening of the visual function of pre-school children has been introduced in Ayrshire, the tests being carried out by orthoptists. A pilot study confirmed the feasibility of the screening. Under the definitive scheme, whose first three months' results are presented, the children are examined as near as possible to their homes and the average attendance rate has been 86%. Thirty-seven of 442 children were referred to an ophthalmic clinic with suspected abnormalities (only one of which was not confirmed) that had not been picked up by the GP or welfare clinic. It is concluded that visual screening of pre-school children is administratively feasible and welcomed by parents, and that it can detect abnormalities missed by traditional procedures-which according to these results may be more than half of the total.
Corrigendum to “The Importance of Interaction Between Urologists and Pathologists in Incidental Prostate Cancer Management” [Eur Eurol 2011;60;75–7]
Authors: Umberto Capitanio, Liang Cheng, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Marina Scarpelli, Massimo Freschi, Francesco Montorsi, Rodolfo Montironi
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Gonococcal and Nongonococcal Urethritis in Men
Authors: NORMAN F. JACOBS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The clinical and laboratory features of urethritis were studied in 400 symptomatic men at a venereal disease clinic. Most patients (54%) had nongonococcal urethritis; only 46% had gonococcal urethritis. In 85% of the cases, the Gram stain was read as unequivocally positive or negative; its accuracy in these cases was 98%. In 15% of the Gram stains, rare typical extracellular Gram-negative diplococci were intermingled with many atypical pleomorphic Gram-negative diplococci; in these cases cultures were essential for diagnosis. Patients with gonococcal urethritis usually had symptoms of both dysuria and discharge of short duration; patients with nongonococcal urethritis had variable symptoms of longer duration (P < 0.0005). Spontaneous purulent discharge was found only in patients with gonococcal urethritis. Most patients with nongonococcal urethritis had no discharge or mucoid discharge obtained only after penile stripping. These findings provide a basis for the rapid differential diagnosis of urethritis, which will permit immediate, definitive treatment for most men with urethritis.
European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition – Evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes
Authors: S. Moss, R. Ancelle-Park, H. Brenner
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The full guideline document covers the entire process of population-based screening. It consists of 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. The 450-page guidelines and the extensive evidence base have been published by the European Commission. The chapter on evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes includes 20 graded recommendations. The content of the chapter is presented here to promote international discussion and collaboration by making the principles and standards recommended in the new EU Guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community. Following these recommendations has the potential to enhance the control of colorectal cancer through improvement in the quality and effectiveness of the screening process, including multi-disciplinary diagnosis and management of the disease.
Newer laboratory approaches for assessing visual dysfunction.
Authors: P G Shinkman, M R Isley, D C Rogers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The crucial point that will be emphasized throughout this report is the potential utility of analyzing visual cortical receptive field (RF) properties of the single-cell level as a sensitive and reliable neurotoxicity screening tool. Numerous studies employing exposure of kittens to altered visual environments during the critical period have demonstrated that particular classes of RFs can be selectively affected while sparing others. There has been a rapid proliferation of new methods used to investigate such effects. An important current trend involves the development of multidisciplinary combinations of approaches. The various maneuvers reviewed here seem adaptable to studying neurotoxic insult of the sensitive properties of cortical visual neurons, particularly in the cat or monkey. Conceivably, a general disruption of cortical RF properties might be expected following toxic exposure since individual RF properties are generally not determined by completely independent mechanisms. In fact, some toxicants might produce a general degradation of RF properties akin to the electrophysiological results reported for long-term dark rearing or binocular deprivation.
A CASE OF CANCER OF THE PROSTATE (DIAGNOSED AFTER OPERATION).
Authors: FRANK S. BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —W., aged 53, born in Ireland, foreman in tannery. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Both parents lived to an advanced age. One brother died at about the age of 50 of an indefinite trouble with urinary symptoms. <h3>Personal History.</h3> —The patient had the commoner diseases of childhood, had had a right inguinal hernia for 15 years, but had never had any severe sickness. No venereal history. Habits always good; never drank, and smoked only in moderation. <h3>Present Trouble.</h3> —About September, 1904, he began to notice some frequency of micturition. This continued, and during December, 1904, he consulted a physician, who examined the urine, told him it was normal, and prescribed a diluent. The trouble continued until August, 1905, when he consulted a second physician, with the same result. At this time he had to get up on an average of every hour during the night, the interval between urinations during the day
Glucose Utilization via Glycogen Phosphorylase Sustains Proliferation and Prevents Premature Senescence in Cancer Cells
Authors: Elena Favaro, Karim Bensaad, Mei G. Chong, Daniel A. Tennant, David J.P. Ferguson, Cameron Snell, Graham Steers, Helen Turley, Ji-Liang Li, Ulrich L. Günther, Francesca M. Buffa, Alan McIntyre, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
183 MELD CLASS AND LONG-TERM SURVIVAL BENEFIT OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: AN INTENTION-TO-TREAT ANALYSIS
Authors: A.W. Avolio, M. Siciliano, S. Agnes, A. Gasbarrini, G. Caracciolo, R. Barbarino, B.E. Annicchiarico, M. Castagneto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Transformation of Indolent B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Silvia Montoto, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Histologic transformation (HT) to an aggressive lymphoma is a well-described event in the natural history and clinical course of patients with so-called indolent lymphomas. This phenomenon has been studied most extensively in patients with follicular lymphoma and subsequent transformation to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with little literature on HT in nonfollicular lymphomas. Despite a considerable body of information on the pathologic and molecular events associated with HT, its pathogenesis has remained elusive and the molecular information available has not been translated into clinical advances. It remains unclear if there is already a predisposition to HT and whether this can be detected at the time of diagnosis. The rituximab era has been characterized by a significant improvement in the prognosis of patients with B-cell lymphomas, but HT remains one of the most important challenges in the management of patients with indolent lymphoma, the difficulties starting with the diagnosis and definition of HT and ending with the appropriate management and treatment of the event. Going forward, it is crucial to incorporate HT as a major end point in clinical trials and to include patients with HT as subject of such studies if we are to see meaningful progress in the future.
What Is Adequate and Appropriate Pain Treatment?
Authors: William G. White
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Hill 1 notes that efforts to ensure adequate treatment of pain have been less than completely successful. In this context, the practices of certain medical disciplinary and law enforcement bodies should be examined for the chilling effect they may have on physicians' prescribing of adequate pain relief. I personally know 3 physicians who have suffered respectively substantial legal expenses, loss of license, and imprisonment as a result of well-intended, although possibly imprudent, prescribing of narcotics to patients in pain.  At a time when illegal drugs are available on many street corners and in schools, it is ludicrous to devote law enforcement resources to tracking and prosecuting physicians whose occasionally injudicious prescribing of narcotics may comprise a minuscule portion of this nation's drug tragedy. This practice and the fear it produces among other physicians must surely be considered as a possible factor in the inadequate prescribing of
The relevance of the CD4+ CD26- subset in the identification of circulating Sézary cells
Authors: M.G. Bernengo, M. Novelli, P. Quaglino, F. Lisa, A. De Matteis, P. Savoia, N. Cappello, M.T. Fierro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The lack of specific markers for the phenotyping of circulating neoplastic T cells in Sézary syndrome (SS) patients makes it difficult both to ascertain the presence of clonal cells and to quantify the tumour burden in the peripheral blood. In previous reports we showed that the lack of CD26 (dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV) is a characteristic feature of circulating Sézary cells (SC).The purpose of this study was to ascertain, by means of high-resolution two-, three- or four-parameter flow cytometry, the relationship between CD26 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and peripheral blood involvement in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients and to assess its significance in SS diagnosis.The patient population included 52 SS patients, 151 mycosis fungoides (MF) patients at different clinical stages (including 14 with blood involvement, B1-MF), 88 patients with erythrodermic inflammatory skin diseases (EISD) and 72 healthy donors (HD). CD26+ values were available in all cases, whereas CD4+ CD26- level measurement was performed in 23 SS, 141 MF, 71 EISD and 72 HD.CD4+ CD26- percentage values were higher than 30% in all but one B1-MF and higher than 40% in all SS cases, whereas HD, EISD and B0-MF patient values were always lower than 30%. A statistically significant difference was found in both CD26- and CD4+ CD26- percentage and absolute values between SS and HD, EISD and B0-MF patients. The CD26- and CD4+ CD26- percentage values (but not the absolute values) were significantly higher in B1-MF compared with HD, EISD and B0-MF patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, CD26- absolute values and CD4+ CD26- percentage and absolute values were significantly higher in SS than in B1-MF (P < 0.001). A statistically significant direct relationship was found between CD4+ CD26- percentage values and the percentage of circulating SC within the lymphoid population in SS and B1-MF (r = 0.77; P < 0.001). The lack of CD26 was confirmed on phenotypically clonal cells in patients with an expanded circulating TCRvbeta population or a T-cell antigen loss. Sorted CD4+ CD26- cells from both SS patients and HD showed the characteristic cerebriform nuclei of SC.We feel that a CD4+ CD26- percentage value higher than 30% of peripheral blood lymphocytes could correctly identify the presence of peripheral blood involvement in SS and MF patients.
251 THERAPY WITH T CELL RECEPTOR GENE MODIFIED T CELLS TARGETING HBsAg-PRODUCING HCC METASTASES
Authors: W. Qasim, M. Brunetto, A. Gehring, S.-A. Xue, H. Zhan, P. Ciccorossi, K. Gilmour, D. Cavallone, F. Moriconi, F. Farzhenah, A. Mazzoni, L. Chan, E. Morris, A. Thrasher, M. Maini, F. Bonino, H. Stauss, A. Bertoletti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)