tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin
Authors: Jordan J. Feld, Kris V. Kowdley, Eoin Coakley, Samuel Sigal, David R. Nelson, Darrell Crawford, Ola Weiland, Humberto Aguilar, Junyuan Xiong, Tami Pilot-Matias, Barbara DaSilva-Tillmann, Lois Larsen, Thomas Podsadecki, Barry Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The interferon-free combination of the protease inhibitor ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) and the NS5A inhibitor ombitasvir (also known as ABT-267) plus the nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor dasabuvir (also known as ABT-333) and ribavirin has shown efficacy against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. In this phase 3 trial, we evaluated this regimen in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and no cirrhosis.
Sanatoria for Consumptives.
Authors: J. W. Pettit
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Ottawa, Ill., June 20, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is apprehended that the greatest obstacle we will encounter in securing an appropriation for state sanatoria will be the difficulty in convincing the public in general, and legislators in particular, that tuberculosis can be cured in this climate. The belief that certain attributes of the atmosphere, such as rarity, dryness, equable temperature, etc., etc., are necessary, has become so firmly established that it need not be surprising if we find it difficult to convert the skeptical to a contrary belief. In anticipation of this obstacle, it is the opinion of those who have given the subject most attention that an object lesson, which shall demonstrate the improvement or cure of a few cases in this climate, will have greater weight than an argument based on what has been done for a multitude of cases in other states. With this end in
Artificial heart still holds promise, DeVries says; program continues
Authors: Helene Cole
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Three patients—two in the United States and one in Sweden—are now living with Jarvik-7 total artificial hearts, and the number of patients sustained with this device is likely to increase in the coming months despite the death of the latest patient. According to William C. DeVries, MD, attending surgeon, Humana Heart Institute International, Humana Hospital-Audubon, Louisville, centers in at least four other states are in the process of seeking Institutional Review Board and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to begin clinical investigations with the artificial heart. DeVries, who is the only surgeon authorized by the FDA to implant the Jarvik-7 heart, has permission to implant the heart in seven patients before reapplying for another go-ahead from the FDA. In an interview on the eve of performing his fourth implant, DeVries discussed the future of the artificial heart program and his experience thus far with the heart recipients: "I don't
THE INFLUENCE OF TESTICLE EXTRACT ON THE INTRADERMAL SPREAD OF INJECTED FLUIDS AND PARTICLES
Authors: D. C. Hoffman, F. Duran-Reynals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The experiments in this paper show that testicle extract causes India ink particles and those of Prussian blue to spread much more extensively through the intercellular spaces than similar suspensions made with Ringer's solution. Methylene blue inoculated intravenously localizes more extensively in areas previously injected with testicle extracts than in control areas receiving injections of tissue extracts without enhancing power. Kidney extracts have this property to a less degree, whereas spleen extracts and blood serum are devoid of it. The spreading power of extracts is destroyed by heating at 60 degrees C. for 30 minutes, as is also the power to enhance infections. The precise mode of action of the Reynals factor is not known, but the results of the experiments here presented suggest that it may depend at least in part on the property whereby testicle extract increases the spread of injected material and alters the permeability of tissue cells. It is not inconceivable that changes in permeability facilitate the passage of vaccine virus through the endothelial cells of the blood and lymph vessels, and lead to the generalized vaccinia which is of frequent occurrence in the reported results (20). It has been shown that fluids and suspensions of inert particles are spread by the extract.B. tetanus and B. coli exotoxins and trypsin were not enhanced at all in their action despite the fact that they were spread through a more extensive area in the tissues. Viruses, on the other hand, are markedly influenced and in this respect resemble bacteria, not toxins and enzymes. It appears probable that a definite capacity for multiplication on the part of an injected substance is required if its pathogenic effects are to be enhanced. It may be concluded tentatively that the enhancing power of the testicle extract may depend on that property which not only spreads the injected material through a larger area but renders the tissue cells more easily penetrable by the agents.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Extraction of Biliary Ascaris
Authors: M.S. Manialawi, N.Y. Khattar, M.M' Helmy, F. Burcharth
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

See also: Biliary Ascariasis: Endoscopic Extraction of a Living Worm from the Bile DuctEndoscopy 1993; 25(08): 552-553DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010403
How Many Patients Are Necessary to Assess Test Performance?
Authors: Charles F. Arkin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Test performance characteristics are important in assessing the clinical usefulness of laboratory tests and serve as a basis for comparing one test to another. Statistical comparisons of performance characteristics are meaningful only when they can detect medically important differences; that is, when they provide adequate statistical power. This requires choosing the appropriate sample size in determining the performance characteristics of interest. Using standard formulas, we designed tables that provide such sample size requirements. Example problems of sample size determination in laboratory test comparisons are given. Used appropriately, this approach should result in better studies of laboratory tests and fewer meaningless negative studies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:275-278)
Aneurysmal Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Kim Sinnamon, Robert Mullan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This 50-year-old man had a 30-year history of end-stage renal disease. After a second renal transplant failed, he began to undergo dialysis. The left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula became severely aneurysmal over the next 6 years.
Danger of salt as an emetic.
Authors: W O Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

trophin-releasing hormone (TRH).Seven patients showed evidence of primary pituitary deficiency, five of whom showed low thyroid function, while the basal serum TSH level was not elevated and failed to rise after TRH administration.Thus damage to both the normal hypothalamus and the normal pituitary gland may occur following irradiation in the dose range 5000-8300 rads.Further points in the article concern the effects on GH production of neurosurgery and radiation to parts of the brain other than the hypothalamic-pituitary region.We have studied more than 30 children after neuro- surgery and before irradiation.No child has shown impaired GH responses to provocative stimuli before irradiation.Furthermore no child whose hypothalamic-pituitary axis totally avoided irradiation has ever shown inadequate GH responses.Much more interesting is the question whether or not irradiation of other parts of the brain may interfere with somatic growth by a non-GH-mediated mechanism.There is some evidence that this occurs in the rat.4 fi Finally, the question is raised at the end of your article about possible growth responses to exogenous GH.We have six children with radiation-induced GH deficiency on GH therapy.The mean growth velocity during the pretreatment year was 3 7 cm and during the first year of GH therapy 7 9 cm.These data have not yet been published,:' but other authors have described similar increases in growth velocity with GH therapy in such children.
Suicidal Behavior in Chronic Dialysis Patients
Authors: HARRY S. ABRAM, GORDON L. MOORE, FREDERIC B. WESTERVELT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Questionnaires involving 3,478 renal dialysis patients revealed a higher incidence of suicidal behavior than among the general population. The authors believe that the hemodialysis patient who kills himself does so because of multiple factors—at one time possibly correctable—that combine to form serious emotional conflicts. They urge further studies in this area and note that prolongation of life by artificial means gives rise to ethical dilemmas.
“Partial-Birth Abortion” and the Supreme Court
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Abortion has long been, and remains, the most politicized medical procedure in the United States. It has been the subject of more state and federal legislation than all other medical procedures combined. The U.S. Supreme Court, which almost never hears cases about medical procedures, has regularly heard cases over the past 25 years concerning the constitutionality of various state laws designed to limit abortion. Thus, it was only a matter of time before the Court would hear a case on the constitutionality of laws restricting so-called partial-birth abortion.1 When the Court heard a challenge to Nebraska's law, statutes relating to . . .
(Un)usual effects of patch testing?
Authors: L. Kunkeler, S.C.E. Bikkers, P.D. Bezemer, D.P. Bruynzeel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Little information is available concerning subjective complaints associated with patch testing.To gather information about the frequency and the nature of such complaints, and to evaluate, if possible, whether the complaints were really caused by patch testing.Four hundred and thirty-three patients took part in a questionnaire study between December 1996 and October 1997. Complaints of itch and other subjective complaints, such as tiredness and feeling unwell, were recorded.From the total group of 433 patients, 379 patients (87%) recorded one or more complaints on day 0. By day 2 this number was 383 patients (88%), with a significant reduction to 326 patients (75%) by days 3-4. Most complaints concerned itch on the back, and to a lesser extent tiredness. Fifty-four patients (54 of 433; 12%) did not report itch or other subjective complaints on day 0; of this group, 36 patients (66%) developed complaints by day 2. By days 3-4, 24 patients (44%) reported complaints: 20 patients from the day 2 group (37%) and four patients (7%) from days 3-4. Again the largest increase in complaints was found for itch on the back, but other complaints were also found to have increased, mainly tiredness, feeling unwell, headache, shakiness and light-headedness.We conclude that patch testing can, in addition to local skin reaction and itch, also cause other subjective complaints in a number of patients.
Review: Statins are not associated with cognitive impairment or dementia in cognitively intact adults
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Swiger KJ, Manalac RJ, Blumenthal RS, Blaha MJ, Martin SS. Statins and cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short- and long-term cognitive effects. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:1213-21. 24095248
The Hospitals of London
Authors: None Cormack, None Semple
Journal: BMJ (1851)

UNDER this head we propose, from time to time, to offer a ses of facts and observations regarding the London Hospitals.Our object will be, not so much to give details of individual cases (although these, if interesting, will not be excluded), as to furnish sn outline of the statistics of the Institutions, of the practice of their different physicians and surgeons, and of the system of instruction pursued by each of them.The paramount importance of clinical instruction has always been insisted upon in thisjournal; and we are happy to observe that the Court of Examiners in the Society of Apothecaries have, in their last curriculum, (published in the beginning of 1850,) made an attempt to place this branch of medical tuition on its proper footing; and no one who is acquainted with the excellencies and defects of our present system of medical instruction, can doubt that the Court of Examiners have exercised a sound juagment in this parti- cular.Our only regret is, that the other medical corporations, especially the University of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England, have not yet thought it necessary to follow so good an example.With the view of siding, as much as possible, the efforts of those who are endeavouring to promote a better system of clinical instruction, we propose to state, as far as our informaton extends, the various methods pursued of the London Schools of Medicine.On the present occasion, we present to our readers some particulars connected with the mode of clinical teaching adopted at Guy's and at U1rIvmEITY Coua1xE HOSPITALS: which we have
Comparison of social distribution of immunisation with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, England, 1991-2001
Authors: E. Middleton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Since the late 1990s, the possible adverse effects of the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine have caused intense public debate.After the vaccine was introduced in 1988, coverage was high, increasing from 80% in 1989 to 92% in 1997.After 1997 coverage began to decline, 1 and by 2001 had fallen by 4.1%, which gave some cause for concern. 2 We examined the extent to which these trends reflect different patterns of uptake in affluent and deprived areas and changes in the equitable coverage of immunisation for MMR.
Survival after Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: TRYGGVI ASMUNDSSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

One hundred and forty-six patients with acute respiratory failure caused by chronic respiratory disease were studied prospectively. Survivors were observed from 5 to 8½ years. One patient was lost from the follow-up study. Thirty percent of patients survived for 2 years, and 16% were alive after 5 years. After 6 years of follow-up study, the survival rate had fallen to 9%; it remained similar for patients observed to 8½ years. Obese patients with bronchitis and bronchitic patients without emphysema survived longer than patients with emphysema or chronic diffuse infiltrative disease. Surviving patients were an average of 9 years younger than the mean age for the group.
Determination of parameters of left ventricular diastolic filling with pulsed Doppler echocardiography: comparison with cineangiography.
Authors: R Rokey, L C Kuo, W A Zoghbi, M C Limacher, M A Quinones
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine the relationship between Doppler-derived flow velocity through the mitral anulus and angiographic parameters of left ventricular filling, 30 patients were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography combined with pulsed Doppler echocardiography followed within 1 hr by left ventricular angiography. The average heart rate for each test was 69 beats/min. Doppler-derived parameters included: early peak diastolic velocity (E) and peak atrial velocity, peak filling rate computed as E X cross-sectional area of the mitral anulus derived from the annular diameter, normalized peak filling rate computed as peak filling rate divided by the left ventricular end-diastolic volume determined by two-dimensional echocardiography, and half filling fraction derived from the time-velocity integral of the Doppler-determined velocity curve. Frame-by-frame left ventricular volumes were obtained throughout diastole from single-plane cineangiograms. A volume-time curve with its derivative was generated by computer processing from which peak filling rate, normalized peak filling rate, and half filling fraction were measured. Morphologically, the Doppler-derived velocity profile resembled the derivative of the angiographic volume curve. In patients with reduced angiographic peak filling rates, early peak diastolic velocity was often decreased less than 45 cm/sec with a relative increase in peak atrial velocity resulting in an early peak diastolic velocity to peak atrial velocity ratio less than 1.0. There were no significant differences in mean values for peak filling rate, normalized peak filling rate, and half filling fraction by Doppler echocardiography vs angiography (296 vs 283 ml/sec, 1.9 vs 2.0 sec-1 and 0.55 vs 0.55, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collision or collaboration? school-based health services meet managed care
Authors: Paula Armbruster, Ellen Andrews, Jesse Couenhoven, Gary Blau
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (1999)

Describes interactions of for-profit managed-care organizations (MCOs) with not-for-profit school mental health programs that are affiliated with school-based health centers (SB-HCs). Discussion focuses on the developments and challenges that emerged between SBHCs and MCOs. While relations between MCOs and more traditional forms of mental health services (e.g., community mental health centers) are becoming established, such relations with SBHCs remain far from established. The example of the pathway Connecticut has taken in the continuing dialogue between SBHCs and MCOs is described in detail. Attention is given to the advocacy groups for child and adolescent mental health that were instrumental in convincing legislatures to enact safeguards to maintain SBHCs as providers of health and mental health care in the era of managed care. Challenges and recommendations are outlined to insure that the mental health needs of underserved, disadvantaged children are met through the provision of school-based mental health services.
Expression of Lectinlike Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Hiroharu Kataoka, Noriaki Kume, Susumu Miyamoto, Manabu Minami, Hideaki Moriwaki, Takatoshi Murase, Tatsuya Sawamura, Tomoh Masaki, Nobuo Hashimoto, Toru Kita
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) seems to play key roles in atherogenesis. Lectinlike Ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a recently identified cell-surface receptor for Ox-LDL. The relationship of this novel receptor for Ox-LDL to atherogenesis, however, has not yet been clarified. In this study, we explored the expression of LOX-1 in the atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid arteries.Using carotid endarterectomy specimens obtained from 21 patients and 2 samples of normal human aortas, we examined LOX-1 expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In aortas without atherosclerosis, LOX-1 expression was undetectable by immunohistochemistry and negligible by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In carotid arteries, luminal endothelial cells covering early atherosclerotic lesions were more frequently positive for LOX-1 expression than those in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Endothelial cells in the intimal neovasculature of advanced lesions also expressed LOX-1. In addition, macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the intima of advanced atherosclerotic plaques were positive for LOX-1 expression.LOX-1 may play important roles in Ox-LDL uptake and subsequent functional alteration in the luminal endothelium in early atherosclerotic lesions and in intimal neovascular endothelial cells in advanced plaques. Furthermore, LOX-1 may also be involved in Ox-LDL uptake and subsequent foam cell transformation in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic intima.
Endothelin ET <sub>A</sub> and ET <sub>B</sub> Receptors Cause Vasoconstriction of Human Resistance and Capacitance Vessels In Vivo
Authors: William G. Haynes, Fiona E. Strachan, David J. Webb
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The role of endothelin ETB receptors in mediating vasoconstriction in humans is unclear. As yet, there have been no in vivo studies in resistance vessels, and in vitro data have been contradictory. We therefore investigated the function of ETB receptors in vivo in human forearm resistance and hand capacitance vessels using endothelin-1 as a nonselective agonist at ETA and ETB receptors and endothelin-3 and sarafotoxin S6c as selective agonists at the ETB receptor.A series of single-blind studies were performed, each in six healthy men. Brachial artery infusion of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 caused slow-onset dose-dependent forearm vasoconstriction. Although endothelin-3 caused significantly less forearm vasoconstriction than endothelin-1 at low doses, vasoconstriction was similar to the two isopeptides at the highest dose (60 pmol/min). Endothelin-3 caused transient forearm vasodilatation at this dose, whereas endothelin-1 showed only a nonsignificant trend toward causing early vasodilatation. Intra-arterial sarafotoxin S6c caused a progressive reduction in forearm blood flow, although less than that to endothelin-1 (P = .04). Dorsal hand vein infusion of sarafotoxin S6c caused local venoconstriction that was also less than that to endothelin-1 (P = .002).Selective ETB receptor agonists cause constriction of forearm resistance and hand capacitance vessels in vivo in humans, suggesting that both ETA and ETB receptors mediate vasoconstriction. Hence, antagonists at both ETA and ETB receptors, or inhibitors of the generation of endothelin-1, may be necessary to completely prevent vasoconstriction to endogenously generated endothelin-1.
AIDS activists in Thailand pressurise US government
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A coalition of AIDS activists in Thailand, with the support of Medecins Sans Frontiares, sought assurances from theUS government this week that it would allow Thailand toproduce its own cheap version of the antiretroviral drugdidanosine.

The activists wanted the Thai government to issue what is known as a “compulsory licence” for the drug, but the government failed to do so.

The compulsory licensing system allows local manufacturers in poor countries to make cheap versions of …
Advances in High-capacity Extrachromosomal Vector Technology: Episomal Maintenance, Vector Delivery, and Transgene Expression
Authors: Michele MP Lufino, Pauline AH Edser, Richard Wade-Martins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Recent developments in extrachromosomal vector technology have offered new ways of designing safer, physiologically regulated vectors for gene therapy. Extrachromosomal, or episomal, persistence in the nucleus of transduced cells offers a safer alternative to integrating vectors which have become the subject of safety concerns following serious adverse events in recent clinical trials. Extrachromosomal vectors do not cause physical disruption in the host genome, making these vectors safe and suitable tools for several gene therapy targets, including stem cells. Moreover, the high insert capacity of extrachromosomal vectors allows expression of a therapeutic transgene from the context of its genomic DNA sequence, providing an elegant way to express normal splice variants and achieve physiologically regulated levels of expression. Here, we describe past and recent advances in the development of several different extrachromosomal systems, discuss their retention mechanisms, and evaluate their use as expression vectors to deliver and express genomic DNA loci. We also discuss a variety of delivery systems, viral and nonviral, which have been used to deliver episomal vectors to target cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we explore the potential for the delivery and expression of extrachromosomal transgenes in stem cells. The long-term persistence of extrachromosomal vectors combined with the potential for stem cell proliferation and differentiation into a wide range of cell types offers an exciting prospect for therapeutic interventions.