tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperoxic respiratory challenges to monitor chemotherapy effects on Brca1/p53 deficient mice breast tumors.
Authors: JG Kim, Y Kim, AE Cerussi, EY Lee, BJ Tromberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5065 Background: Response to cancer treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy are less effective when tumors are hypoxic. Hyperoxic gas intervention has been shown to improve tumor oxygenation. Here we report how hemodynamic changes due to oxygen intervention are related to the tumor response during cisplatin treatment of spontaneous mammary tumors developed in mice with conditional inactivation of the Brca1 and p53 genes.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: We treated mammary tumors in Brca1/p53 knockout mice (n=8) with 1.2mg/kg of Cisplatin (i. p. daily for a week), and tumor volume and body weight were monitored during treatment. We imaged tumors during chemotherapy using an optical imaging system that quantifies intrinsic light scattering and absorption by projecting spatially modulated, near infrared (NIR) light (650nm to 980nm) onto tissues and calculating oxy-(Ohb), deoxy-(RHb), total hemoglobin (THb) concentrations, tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) values, and scattering values at all wavelengths. During imaging, animals were anesthetized using 1.5% isoflurane and each animal inhaled medical air (33% O2) for 6 min followed by 100% oxygen for an additional 12 min.&amp;#x2028; Results: Among 8 tumors, 5 (volume=0.38±0.1) showed response to Cisplatin treatment while the other 3 tumors (volume=0.56±0.12) did not. Tumors responding to Cisplatin displayed greater than 2-fold increase in [Ohb] and [RHb] during oxygen intervention compared to non responding tumors (p&amp;lt;0.05). (Fig.1) Significant differences in tumor size changes (data not shown) were also observed between responders and non-responders.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Breast cancers are heterogeneous in their molecular profiles as well as treatment response. Hyperoxic gas intervention during chemotherapy combined with intrinsic signal optical imaging can be used to evaluate vascular reactivity. Our preliminary results indicate that OHb and RHb reactive tumors are significantly more likely to respond to Cisplatin chemotherapy. This general approach can be extended to other tumor therapy models and can be readily translated to patients.&amp;#x2028; Keywords:Breast Cancer, Brca1/p53 Transgenic Mice, Diffuse Optical Imaging, Cisplatin Chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5065.
Comparison of <sup>201</sup> Tl, <sup>99m</sup> Tc-Tetrofosmin, and Dobutamine Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: Mark G. Gunning, Constantinos Anagnostopoulos, Charles J. Knight, John Pepper, Elisabeth D. Burman, Glyn Davies, Kim M. Fox, Dudley J. Pennell, Peter J. Ell, S. Richard Underwood
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Both radionuclide perfusion tracers and contractile response to dobutamine have been used to identify hibernating myocardium. The aim was to compare 201 Tl (thallium) single photon emission CT (SPECT), 99m Tc-tetrofosmin (tetrofosmin) SPECT, and dobutamine cine MRI for identifying regions of reversible myocardial dysfunction. Methods and Results —Thirty patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function (mean LVEF, 24.0%; SD, 8.3%) scheduled for coronary bypass grafting were recruited. All underwent rest/dobutamine stress (5 to 10 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) cine MRI, stress/rest tetrofosmin SPECT, and stress/redistribution and separate-day rest/redistribution thallium SPECT before surgery. Stress/redistribution thallium SPECT and resting MRI were repeated after surgery. In a 9-segment model, SPECT images were scored visually for tracer uptake, which was also measured from a polar plot of myocardial counts. MRI was scored visually for endocardial motion, myocardial thickening, and thickness. Five patients died before follow-up, and 2 declined postoperative investigation. In the remaining 23 patients, mean LVEF increased from 24.0% (SD, 8.3%) to 29.7% (SD, 11.1%) ( P &lt;0.05). Of 207 segments analyzed, 145 had significantly abnormal wall motion before surgery, and 82 of these improved function after revascularization. The criteria for predicting recovery of severely hypokinetic segments on preoperative imaging were tracer uptake graded “moderately reduced” or better, or positive inotropic response on dobutamine MRI. Late-rest thallium images showed the highest sensitivity (76%), compared with stress-redistribution thallium (68%) and rest tetrofosmin (66%) ( P &lt;0.05). All 3 tracer techniques were nonspecific (44%, 51%, and 49%, respectively). Redistribution of thallium after the resting injection was insensitive (18%) but highly specific (83%). Inotropic response to dobutamine was also insensitive (50%) but specific (81%). Conclusions —Radionuclide uptake is a sensitive but nonspecific predictor of myocardial functional recovery, whereas dobutamine MRI is specific but insensitive.
Detection of Human Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) Beta-Hydroxylase and Homeobox B7 mRNA in Brush Cytology Specimens from Patients with Bile Duct Cancer
Authors: G. Feldmann, J. Nattermann, H. Nischalke, M. Gorschlüter, T. Kuntzen, G. Ahlenstiel, T. Gerhardt, M. Wolff, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, F. Dumoulin
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: The diagnosis of bile duct cancer is hampered by the low sensitivity of intraductal brush cytology and forceps biopsy. In the present study real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of human aspartyl (asparaginyl) beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) and homeobox B7 (HoxB7) mRNA from intraductal brush cytology specimens were established. Both markers are overexpressed in biliary cancer cell lines and possibly involved in the pathogenesis of bile duct cancer. Patients and Methods: RT-PCR assays were validated for detection limit, in-assay variability, and inter-assay variability. Target gene expression was determined in brush cytology specimens from 16 patients with biliary strictures (11 with histologically proven cholangiocarcinomas and five with benign biliary strictures). Results: The assay was quick (about 3 h), highly sensitive (with detection limits between 3 and 106 molecules), and reproducible (maximum in-assay variability 10.3 %, maximum inter-assay variability 11.8 %). The sensitivity of routine brush cytology alone was 36 % (four of 11 cases), with 100 % specificity. A combination with detection of HoxB7 and HAAH mRNA increased the overall diagnostic sensitivity to 82 %. Conclusions: Detection of these markers using the RT-PCR assays from brush cytology specimens described here may prove to be a useful additional tool for the diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma.
Epigenomic analysis detects widespread gene-body DNA hypomethylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marta Kulis, Simon Heath, Marina Bibikova, Ana C Queirós, Alba Navarro, Guillem Clot, Alejandra Martínez-Trillos, Giancarlo Castellano, Isabelle Brun-Heath, Magda Pinyol, Sergio Barberán-Soler, Panagiotis Papasaikas, Pedro Jares, Sílvia Beà, Daniel Rico, Simone Ecker, Miriam Rubio, Romina Royo, Vincent Ho, Brandy Klotzle, Lluis Hernández, Laura Conde, Mónica López-Guerra, Dolors Colomer, Neus Villamor, Marta Aymerich, María Rozman, Mónica Bayes, Marta Gut, Josep L Gelpí, Modesto Orozco, Jian-Bing Fan, Víctor Quesada, Xose S Puente, David G Pisano, Alfonso Valencia, Armando López-Guillermo, Ivo Gut, Carlos López-Otín, Elías Campo, José I Martín-Subero
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Acid hydrolases in blister fluid.
Authors: GUNNAR VOLDEN, PER O. THUNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Increased acid hydrolase activity has been demonstrated in the fluid from experimental suction blisters raised on the sites of contact or photocontact allergic skin reactions. The magnitude of the increases correlated well with the intensity of the reactions. The enzymes appeared after latent periods of 10 h for vesicular reactions, 15 h for papular reactions and 24 h for erythematous responses. The present observations are very similar to those reported following UV-B; thus our previous conclusions regarding the role of lysosomal hydrolases in UVR erythema may be generalized to include other forms of cutaneous inflammation.
Scientists consider meat pie mammography and self heating bathtubs
Authors: Oona Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Scientists who have been honoured with an Ig Nobel prize for science, awarded for work which “first makes you laugh, then makes you think,” have been touring the United Kingdom this week sharing some of their plans for the future.

The past winner Brian Witcombe, a consultant radiologist at Gloucestershire Royal NHS Foundation, showed off his latest project. “I’ll be looking at the whole field of culinary radiology, including the imaging of ingested material and radiology in the food production and retail industries.

“I’ll be exploring the value of meat pie mammography, computed tomography of vegetables, and the cost benefit of fruit radiography,” he said.

Dr Witcombe won his Ig Nobel prize, a spoof of the …
Natural History of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumors of the Pancreas: Actuarial Risk of Malignancy
Authors: P LEVY, V JOUANNAUD, D OTOOLE, A COUVELARD, M VULLIERME, L PALAZZO, A AUBERT, P PONSOT, A SAUVANET, F MAIRE
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
The Rate of Progression to Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocythemia in Patients with Erythrocytosis or Thrombocytosis
Authors: Marco Ruggeri, Alberto Tosetto, Maurizio Frezzato, Francesco Rodeghiero
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: The clinical relevance of mild erythrocytosis (hematocrit > 0.48 in women or > 0.51 in men) or thrombocytosis (platelet count > 400 109 cells/L) in asymptomatic persons is uncertain. Objective: To estimate the frequency of polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia in persons with erythrocytosis or thrombocytosis in a general population. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Vicenza, Italy. Participants: 10 000 community dwellers age 18 to 65 years and enrolled in the Vicenza Thrombophilia and Atherosclerosis project. Measurements: Platelet count and hematocrit at baseline in all participants and at second follow-up if baseline results were abnormal. Measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, peripheral arterial saturation, serum erythropoietin level, and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level; chest radiography; abdominal ultrasonography; and occult fecal blood testing were done in persons with confirmed high hematocrit or platelet counts. Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia were diagnosed according to the Polycythemia Study Group criteria. Results: At baseline examination, 1 person had polycythemia vera, 1 had essential thrombocythemia, 88 had erythrocytosis, and 99 had thrombocytosis. Second examination confirmed erythrocytosis in 40% (95% CI, 29% to 51%) and thrombocytosis in 8% (CI, 4% to 15%) of those with abnormal baseline results. Among persons with confirmed abnormalities, further evaluation revealed 11 with idiopathic erythrocytosis, 2 with polycythemia vera (3/10 000 [CI, 0.6 to 8.7/10 000]), and 3 with essential thrombocythemia (4/10 000 [CI, 1.09 to 10.2/10 000]). After 5 years of follow-up, 1 additional person with a high platelet count developed essential thrombocythemia, and no persons developed hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Conclusions: The prevalences of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia were higher than expected in this general population. However, the risks for developing polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, or associated vascular complications in persons with erythrocytosis or thrombocytosis were low.
Why a special issue of the BMJ on South Asia?
Authors: Z. Bhutta
Journal: BMJ (2003)

What religion and nationalism have divided, health can unite 

“South Asia is fast emerging as the poorest, the most illiterate, the most malnourished, the least gender-sensitive–indeed, the most deprived region in the world. Yet it continues to make more investment in arms than in the health and education of its people!” 

Mahbub ul Haq, former Pakistani minister of finance and planning 1

South Asia has some of the worst health indicators in the whole of Asia and the world.2 Almost 40% of the total global burden of mortality in children under 5 years occurs in its four largest countries.3 About 70% of the world's low birth weight infants are in South Asia.4 Major inequities exist in …
MICROARRAY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL VASCULAR RESPONSES TO IMPLANTATION OF OVERLAPPING DRUG-ELUTING STENTS INTO PORCINE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Jing Chen, Andrew Huang, Takamitsu Nakamura, Lilya Matyunina, Jianing Yu, Jinsheng Li, Jaipal Singh, John F. McDonald, Nicolas Chronos, Dongming Hou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
What constitutes controlled hypertension? Patient based comparison of hypertension guidelines
Authors: T P Fahey, T J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To investigate and quantify the extent to which variations in guidelines influence assessment of control of hypertension.Cross sectional study. Selected patients had hypertension assessed as controlled or uncontrolled with guidelines from New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Britain, and the World Health Organisation.18 general practices in Oxfordshire.876 patients with diagnosed hypertension and taking antihypertensive drugs.Proportion of patients with controlled hypertension according to each set of guidelines.The proportion of patients with controlled hypertension varied from 17.5% to 84.6% with the different guidelines after adjustment for the sampling method. All five sets of guidelines agreed on the classification for 31% (277) of the patients. The New Zealand guidelines calculate an absolute risk of a cardiovascular event. When this was taken as the standard half of the patients with uncontrolled hypertension by the United States criteria would be treated unnecessarily and 31% of those classified as having controlled hypertension by the Canadian guidelines would be denied beneficial treatment.Hypertension guidelines are inconsistent in their recommendations and need to make clear the absolute benefits and risks of treatment.
A British Medical Association Lecture on RECENT ADVANCES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION
Authors: D. J. Cannon
Journal: BMJ (1930)

I-N mas-cou1ntries, patic-ular-ly Fracll(e an.d Amiierica, there is grave daingei of gynaecology becoming mCeged in geueral surgery.Emiiil No va-k, hlo is figlitilig a m-agnifiloent battle for the autonomly of gynaecology, says, that so lonig as gynaecology is egarded as embracing also knowledge of the special anlatomy, physiology, and pathologof the femuale.reproductive organs, it will con- sttitute all effective breakwater agaiinst the invasion of geieral .surgery.No gyinaecologist to-dav can consider himiiself thoroaghly -equipped unless he is well grounded in these fundamentals.This is particularly tinue of the ,physiological aspect, which to-day represents the growinig edge of our specialty.It is for this reasoni that I have clhoseni may thleIme a conisideration of tihe mliianiy problenms connected w%ith the hui-man menistrual cycle.Ever C iiuce Knaeur, by his transplantation experiments
Benign Enlargement of the Male Breast
Authors: Chester J. Dexter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

VARIOUS methods of management of gynecomastia have been recorded in detail in the literature,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 but none of the authors have sufficiently stressed conservative treatment. This article discusses 351 cases of benign enlargement of the male breast in 307 patients treated at the Tumor Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital, the Huntington Hospital and the Pondville State Hospital. None of the 307 patients had any sexual abnormalities or endocrine or liver dysfunction. Patients who had been on stilbestrol or estrogen therapy are not included.The exact frequency of mammoplasia in the male is unknown. Since the process is usually self-limited, relatively . . .
Ionizing Radiation and the Ear
Authors: Steven J. Borsanyi
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The effects of ionizing radiation on the ears of 100 patients were studied in the course of treatment of malignant head and neck tumors by teleradiation using cobalt-60. The early changes consisted of "radiation otitis media" and a transient vasculitis of the vessels of the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss, tinnitus, and temporary recruitment. While no permanent changes could be detected microscopically shortly after the completion of radiation in the cochlea or labyrinth, late changes sometimes occurred in the temporal bone as a result of an obliterating endarteritis. These late changes represented an entirely different clinical entity. Results of animal experiments, as the review of the literature reveals, are in agreement with the clinical findings observed in man exposed to ionizing radiation in therapeutic doses.
P1186 TREATMENT-NAIVE STABLE LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE-1 HCV INFECTION: PHARMACOKINETIC RESULTS OF ADJUSTED DOSING WITH TACROLIMUS OR CYCLOSPORINE IN THE TELAPREVIR REPLACE STUDY
Authors: X. Forns, D. Samuel, D. Mutimer, S. Fagiouli, M. Navasa, K. Agarwal, M. Berenguer, M. Colombo, K. Herzer, F. Nevens, B. Daems, D. Luo, J. Witek, K. Bertelsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Diabetes Insipidus in Hypoxemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Frederick L. Glauser
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Diabetes insipidus developed in two patients who experienced severe hypoxemia as a consequence of drug-induced respiratory failure. Post-mortem examination revealed generalized cerebral edema, encephalomalacia, and a profound and diffuse loss of neurons. Hypoxemia-induced diabetes insipidus may indicate that the patient is suffering from severe brain damage.
The PGC1 -PPAR -HO-1 system: supporting evidence from studies in Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes
Authors: L. A. Calo, P. A. Davis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Extending the first demonstration of the PPARα- and γ-related anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties via up-regulation of haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1),1 known for its cytoprotective functions, Ali et al. 2 reported in the March issue of the journal that HO-1 is also up-regulated by PPARδ ligands/activators, with an essential role in the PPARδ-induced HO-1 endothelial cytoprotective effects played by the PPARδ ligand PGC1α. Given the role of endothelial dysfunction in activation of the atherogenetic process, the vasculoprotective and anti-oxidant effects of HO-1, and the induction of endothelial anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory defences via HO-1 stimulated by PPARδ activation,2 Ali et al. conclude that the PPARδ–HO-1 system might have the potential as a target of anti-atherosclerotic therapy. However, extrapolation of the cytoprotective functions of the PGC1α–PPARδ–HO-1 …
Spatial Heterogeneity in Fasting and Insulin-Stimulated <sup>18</sup> F-2-Deoxyglucose Uptake in Pigs With Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: James A. Fallavollita
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Previous studies of hibernating myocardium in the fasting state have shown regionally increased 18 F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with a marked transmural gradient. We hypothesized that this adaptation to chronic ischemia might be associated with altered maximal FDG uptake. Methods and Results —Pigs were instrumented with a 1.5-mm proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis. Studies were conducted 106±4 days later on anesthetized animals with complete LAD occlusion and anteroapical dysfunction. In fasting animals (n=9), FDG uptake in dysfunctional LAD regions was 2-fold higher than in normally perfused myocardium (7.9±1.2 versus 4.0±0.5μmol · min − 1 · 100 g − 1 , P &lt;0.05), with a pronounced transmural gradient (endocardial/epicardial ratio 2.56±0.19 versus 1.25±0.03, P &lt;0.05). Euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp (insulin clamp, n=8) produced a 5- to 9-fold increase in FDG uptake, but there was no longer a regional difference in accumulation (LAD, 37.8±4.2 versus normal, 36.4±5.1 μmol · min − 1 · 100 g − 1 , P =NS) and the transmural distribution was uniform. FDG uptake in the fasting state varied inversely with coronary flow during vasodilation. In contrast, during insulin clamp there was no relation between FDG uptake and vasodilated flow, resulting in a reduced spatial heterogeneity in individual samples (relative dispersion=SD/mean; fasting, 52±5% versus insulin, 24±2%, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —In the fasting state, FDG uptake in pigs with hibernating myocardium was heterogeneous and was increased in dysfunctional regions with a marked transmural gradient and high spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, FDG uptake was more homogeneously distributed during insulin clamp with (1) uptake in dysfunctional myocardium similar to remote normal regions, (2) uniform transmural distribution, and (3) reduced spatial heterogeneity.
Measurement of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: ROBERT H. GOLDMAN, MARTIN KLUGHAUPT, THOMAS METCALF, ALFRED P. SPIVACK, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Central venous oxygen saturation (CVSO 2 ) was measured in 31 patients with myocardial infarction. CVSO 2 correlated well with the patients' clinical course. In those patients not in heart failure, mean ± sem for CVSO 2 was 70 ± 1%. When heart failure was present, CVSO 2 averaged 56 ± 1%. When both heart failure and shock were present, CVSO 2 averaged 43 ± 1%. In nine patients, serial determinations of arterial oxygen saturation and CVSO 2 were made. In 22 of 26 instances, either a fall in CVSO 2 was accompanied by an increase in the arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference or an increase in CVSO 2 was accompanied by a decrease in arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference. Serial measurements of CVSO 2 appear to be a useful method of monitoring changes in myocardial function in patients with myocardial infarction.
Conservative Management of Gangrene in the Diabetic Patient
Authors: William S. Collens
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A survey of the literature reveals that over 50% of diabetic patients who develop foot infections and gangrene ultimately require some form of amputation; diabetics are vulnerable to circulatory impairment and susceptible to superimposed infection. Experience with conservative management in 215 diabetic patients with gangrenous infections reveals that the amputation rate was reduced to 11%; other cases healed completely. The predominant problem was infection. Impaired blood flow, while playing a very important part, can be correlated generally with the time required for healing. The techniques for satisfactory treatment included the administration of appropriate antibiotics in adequate dosage, the local use of tri-iodide complex releasing free iodine as a potent antimicrobial agent, and precautionary measures to avoid tissue injury.