tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible Potentiation of Hemolytic Anemia by Tolbutamide
Authors: George J. Pavlic
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE FOLLOWING is a report of a patient in whom an acute hemolytic anemia developed while she was on a regimen of tolbutamide (Orinase), 1 gm daily for 12 days. She was then confirmed to have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency of her erythrocytes. However, in addition, she manifested both diabetes mellitus with acidosis and also a urinary-tract infection. The implications of these several superimposed conditions in patients with G6PD deficiency are reviewed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This 36-year-old Negro woman was seen at the St. Francis General Hospital outpatient medical clinic on Jan 19, 1964, complaining of periumbilical pain occurring after meals. On physical examination of the patient, the vital signs and remainder of systems were normal except for paralysis and muscular atrophy of both legs, as a residual of poliomyelitis. The blood count showed a hemoglobin value of 13.2 gm/100 cc, red blood cell count (RBC) of 4.7
Vaccine against herpes zoster halves incidence in older people, finds study
Authors: S. Ramsey
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Adults over 65 years old are half as likely to develop shingles if they are vaccinated against it and are also less likely to develop post-herpetic neuralgia, a large US study has found.

Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia …
By-Person Factor Analysis in Clinical Ethical Decision Making: Q Methodology in End-of-Life Care Decisions
Authors: William Wong, Arnold R. Eiser, Robert G. Mrtek, Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Objective: To determine the usefulness of Q methodology to locate and describe shared subjective influences on clinical decision making among participant physicians using hypothetical cases containing common ethical issues. Design: Qualitative study using by-person factor analysis of subjective Q sort data matrix. Setting: University medical center. Participants: Convenience sample of internal medicine attending physicians and house staff (n = 35) at one midwestern academic health sciences center. Interventions: Presented with four hypothetical cases involving urgent decision making near the end of life, participants selected one of three specific clinical actions offered for each case. Immediately afterward and while considering their decision, each respondent sorted twenty-five subjective self-referent items in terms of the influence of each statement on their decision-making process. By-person factor analysis, where participants are defined as variates, yielded information about the attitudinal background the physicians brought to their consideration of each hypothetical case. We performed a second-order factor analysis on all of the subjective viewpoints to determine if a smaller core of shared attitudes existed across some or all of the four case vignettes. Factor scores for each item and post-sort comments from interviews conducted individually with each respondent guided the interpretation of ethical perspective used by these respondents in making clinical decisions about the cases. Measurements and Main Results: Second-order factor analysis on seventeen viewpoints used by physicians in the four hypothetical urgent decision cases revealed three moderately correlated (r 2 < 40%) subjective core attitudinal guides used broadly among all the cases and among sixteen of the seventeen original factors. Across all the cases, our participants were guided in general by: (1) patient-focused beneficence, (2) a patient- and surrogate-focused perspective that includes risk avoidance, and (3) best interest of the patient guided by ethical values. Economic impact on the physician, expediency in resolution of the situation, and the expense of medical treatment were not found to be influential determinants in this study. Conclusions: Q sorting and by-person factor analysis are useful qualitative methodological tools to study the complex structure of subjective attitudes that influence physicians in making medical decisions. This study revealed the subjective viewpoints used by our physician participants as they made ethically challenging treatment decisions. The three second-order factors identified here are grounded in current bioethical values as well as the personal traits of physicians. The participants' decision methods appear to resemble casuistry more than principle-based decision making. Generalizability of results will require further studies.
Medical Care for Everyman — A Proposal
Authors: Walter A. Noehren, Jack R. Hegrenes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

RESOLUTION 16, introduced to the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association in November, 1961, and never acted on, is a proposal for the experimental production now of the best possible medical care for the elder citizens of the United States, and for the study of a fundamental method of financing such care. It reads as follows:We propose legislation by the Congress of the United States to this effect: that each person whose income is inadequate for the purchase of his own medical care may, upon his voluntary request, and with his eligibility automatically determined by his current . . .
Effect of Uremia on Methicillin and Oxacillin Blood Levels
Authors: Roger J. Bulger, Dale D. Lindholm, John S. Murray, William M. M. Kirby
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To determine antibiotic requirements in patients with renal insufficiency, the rate of disappearance of sodium methicillin and sodium oxacillin from the blood of patients with negligible renal function was measured. Both antibiotics persisted longer than in normals, and the serum disappearance curves were not appreciably influenced by hemodialysis, indicating that extrarenal mechanisms were more important than removal through the hemodialyzer. Surprisingly, oxacillin disappeared from the serum more quickly than methicillin despite being much more highly bound to serum proteins. This may be due to more rapid destruction or excretion of oxacillin by the liver. Recommendations are made for dosages of these two antibiotics in uremic patients.
Atlas of clinical gastroenterology
Authors: D. Wingate
Journal: Gut (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Although the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is widely utilized in schizophrenia research, variability in specific item loading exist, hindering reproducibility and generalizability of findings across schizophrenia samples. We aim to establish a common metric PANSS factor structure from a large multi-ethnic sample and validate it against a meta-analysis of existing PANSS models. Schizophrenia participants (N = 3511) included in the current study were part of the Singapore Translational and Clinical Research Program (STCRP) and the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials for Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the factor structure of PANSS and validated with a meta-analysis (N = 16,171) of existing PANSS models. Temporal stability of the PANSS model and generalizability to individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis were evaluated. A five-factor solution best fit the PANSS data. These were the i) Positive, ii) Negative, iii) Cognitive/disorganization, iv) Depression/anxiety and v) Hostility factors. Convergence of PANSS symptom architecture between EFA model and meta-analysis was observed. Modest longitudinal reliability was observed. The schizophrenia derived PANSS factor model fit the UHR population, but not vice versa. We found that two other domains, Social Amotivation (SA) and Diminished Expression (DE), were nested within the negative symptoms factor. Here, we report one of the largest transethnic factorial structures of PANSS symptom domains (N = 19,682). Evidence reported here serves as crucial consolidation of a common metric PANSS that could aid in furthering our understanding of schizophrenia.
Abstract 892: Angiotensin II /angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) promotes cell growth in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Jeong-Won Lee, Young-Ae Park, Chel Hun Choi, Yoo-Young Lee, Jung-Joo Choi, Byoung-Gie Kim, Duk-Soo Bae, Hye-Kyung Jeon, Ha-Jeong Kim, Young Jae Cho, Jee-Yun Ryu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Angiotensin and its receptor, AGTR (Anigiotensin receptor) are known as main effectors molecules of renin-angiotensin system in regulating the physiological processes of the cardiovascular system. Not only do they function as an endocrine system, but they have recently reported to regulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and viabilities via inducing intercellular signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of angiotensin II and AGTR1 on cell survival and proliferation in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells. Methods: Expressions of AGTR1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissues and analyzed the correlation between AGTR1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients. For in vitro test, we checked the level of expression for angiotensin II and AGTR1 in human ovarian cancer cell lines by Western blot. A recombinant angiotensin II and its blocker losartan were treated into the cells. For cell viabilities and proliferations were estimated by MTT assay. Results: Through checking the expression of AGTR1 in human ovarian cancer cells, we selected A2780 and HeyA8 cells for in vitro tests because these cells have relatively high expression. Exogenous treatment of angiotensin II resulted in increased cell growth of both cells. Losartan, specific blocker of AGTR1, diminished the angiotensin II-induced increased cell growth. Moreover, we identified that angiotensin II activated Akt and STAT signaling through AGTR1 and pretreatment of losartan inhibited those activations. Conclusion: In this study, we inquired into the role of angiotensin II-AGTR1 interaction in ovarian cancer. They positively regulate cell survivability and proliferation and activate intercellular signaling involving Akt and STAT via suggesting their oncogenic mechanisms. Moreover, treatment of losartan, showed antiproliferative effect by inhibiting the activations of AGTR1 mediated signaling. These results suggest that AGTR1 inhibitor like as losartan could be a novel therapeutic strategy treating this cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 892. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-892
The Relation of Parental Cardiovascular Disease to Risk Factors in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Weihang Bao, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wendy A. Wattigney, Gerald S. Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Although cardiovascular risk factors relate to family history of cardiovascular disease, it is not clear how the relation changes from children to young adults. Methods and Results As part of a community study for cardiovascular health, parental history of diseases was obtained from 8276 offspring 5 to 31 years old, 36% black and 64% white. Between 5- to 10-year-old children and 25- to 31-year-old young adults, prevalence of parental heart attack increased from 5% to 25%. More prevalent in blacks than in whites, parental stroke increased from 2% to 9% in whites versus 3% to 19% in blacks; parental diabetes rose from 7% to 19% in whites versus 9% to 33% in blacks; and parental hypertension increased from 26% to 59% in whites versus 40% to 72% in blacks. Offspring with parental heart attack history were significantly overweight after 10 years of age and showed elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and glucose after 17 years of age, irrespective of weight. Offspring of diabetic parents were significantly overweight, irrespective of age. They showed significant increases in levels of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol after age 24 years, independent of weight. Offspring of hypertensive parents displayed overweight regardless of age, higher levels of blood pressure after age 10 years, and elevations of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol after age 24 years irrespective of weight. Analyzed by race and sex in young adults, parental heart attack related strongly to LDL cholesterol in the white offspring, especially white males, and to insulin in the black offspring. Parental diabetes showed a stronger association with overweight and glucose in black females. Also noted was the relation between parental hypertension and overweight in black females. Conclusions Parental history is an important surrogate measure for cardiovascular risk in the offspring. However, parental history information alone is not sufficient to designate younger children for selective screening for high cholesterol, because of the young age of parents.
GW25-e4193 Short Term Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Mitral Commissurotomy For Mitral Stenosis Based On Wilkin’S Score
Authors: Muhammad Abdur Rauf, Nida Mahmood, Wahaj Aman, Mohammad Hafizullah, Malik Faisal Iftikhar, Adnan Mehmood Gul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Screening Scale Predicts Patients Successfully Receiving Long-term Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Mehmet C. Oz, Daniel J. Goldstein, Paolo Pepino, Alan D. Weinberg, Seth M. Thompson, Katherine A. Catanese, Rita L. Vargo, Patrick M. McCarthy, Eric A. Rose, Howard R. Levin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Although use of long-term implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) is becoming more popular, further reduction of the mortality rate accompanying device insertion through improved patient selection would make this alternative even more appealing. We sought to develop a scoring system that was based on criteria obtainable at the time of evaluation and predictive of successful early outcome and simple to apply.Patients (n = 56) undergoing LVAD insertion between 1990 and 1994 were screened for easily obtainable preoperative risk factors. To test the association between survival and each risk factor, a chi 2 analysis was performed, and relative risks were estimated. Oliguria, ventilator dependence, elevated central venous pressure, elevated prothrombin time, and reoperation stats had low probability values and high estimated relative risks. On the basis of these relations, a risk factor-selection scale (RFSS) (range, 0 to 10) was developed by computing appropriate weights for each risk factor. The distribution of patients for each scale score reveal that with RFSS > or = 5, most device recipients will die (P < .001). The average RFSS (+/- SD) of survivors (n = 42) was 2.45 +/- 1.73 compared with 5.43 +/- 2.85 in nonsurvivors (n = 14) (P < .0001). Univariate logistical regression was also significant (score statistic, 16.2; df = 1; P = .001).The RFSS is simple, easy to apply, and statistically valid. Physicians could use the scale as a starting point in discussing the suitability for LVAD implantation in a specific patient and as a basis for comparing patient outcomes.
Effect of Sitosterol on the Concentration of Serum Lipids in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: FLETCHER P. RILEY, ALFRED STEINER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The oral administration of large amounts of sitosterol to patients with coronary atherosclerosis has resulted in statistically significant decrease in serum cholesterol in one half of the trial periods. However, because of the fluctuation of the serum cholesterol that occurs in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, further study will be necessary to demonstrate that the decrease in serum cholesterol coincident with sitosterol administration is not due to the lability of the serum lipids in this group of individuals.
Alterations in Preload and Myocardial Mechanics in the Dog and in Man
Authors: William Grossman, Florence Haynes, John A. Paraskos, Stephen Saltz, James E. Dalen, Lewis Dexter
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Based on a myocardial mechanics approach to the analysis of left ventricular contraction, several indexes have been advanced as specific measures of myocardial contractility. Although two of these indexes, Vmax and [(d P /d t )/ P ]max, have been shown to be appropriately responsive to interventions known to alter the inotropic state, controversy has arisen as to whether they are unaffected by alterations in preload or initial cardiac muscle fiber length. This study was undertaken to determine which, if any, of the indexes obtained from myocardial mechanics analysis of left ventricular systole is independent of preload in the intact heart. Increases in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure were produced in seven dogs by infusion of dextran or whole blood and in eight patients by sudden elevation of the legs during cardiac catheterization. In dogs, elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was accompanied by a progressive decline in both Vmax and [(d P /d t )/ P ]max measured using total pressure ( P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, Vmax measured using developed pressure was unaffected over a wide range of left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Similarly, in the eight patients, increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure induced by sudden elevation of the legs were consistently associated with reductions in [(d P /d t )/ P ]max measured using total pressure ( P &lt; 0.01), but these changes in pressure had no effect on developed pressure Vmax. In the intact heart, measurements of myocardial mechanics using developed pressure appear to be independent of preload, but similar measurements using total pressure are inversely dependent on preload. This finding raises doubt as to the validity of total pressure measurements as indexes of myocardial contractility.
Effect of naloxone, a specific opioid inhibitor, on blood pressure fall during sleep.
Authors: P Rubin, T F Blaschke, C Guilleminault
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The study was designed to investigate the possible role of endogenous opioids in the fall in blood pressure (BP) seen during initial sleep. Seven normal men, ages 20-30 years, were studied for three consecutive nights. Each night, electroencephalogram, chin electromyogram, electrooculogram, heart rate (all continuously), and blood pressure (every 15 minutes) were recorded. Night 1 was used for orientation. On nights 2 and 3, subjects received, in randomized order, an infusion of naloxone 0.2 mg/kg over 1 minute or volume-matched saline. Blood pressure data from the first 4 hours of non-rapid eye movement sleep were combined. On the placebo night, systolic BP fell from 114.6 +/- 6 mm Hg to 103.7 +/- 8 mm Hg (+/- SD) (p &lt; 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). On the naloxone night, systolic BP did not change. Neither diastolic BP nor heart rate were influenced by naloxone. these data suggest that endogenous opioids could be involved in the fall in systolic BP seen during initial sleep.
A Civil Tongue
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Edwin Newman admires the English language and deplores the way in which it is becoming transformed into "gelatinous verbiage." He hates the pompous jargon and meaningless verbal jumble that conceals the lack of thought. The same diseases of language have infected different professions and activities. Newman, with a sharp eye and sharper tongue, culls for us the inanities that pass for "communication" in government and university circles, learned professions, advertising pronouncements, news reporting, and everyday speech. He does not specifically pillory medicine, but the following is an example from the health professions. He notes that a rehabilitation hospital is "fostering interfamilial meaningful relationships with counselees recovering from cardial-vascular-pulmonary malfunctions." Is the style familiar? Newman interweaves his examples with biting commentary and witty asides to produce a narrative both delightful and disturbing. Every physician should be compelled to read this book before he starts to write an article for publication. But
Clostridial Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: NARUMI OHARA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1980Clostridial Pseudomembranous ColitisNARUMI OHARA, B.A., RICHARD F. GAEKE, M.D., DAVID CAVE, M.D., PH.D., JOSEPH B. KIRSNER, M.D., PH.D.NARUMI OHARA, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD F. GAEKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID CAVE, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH B. KIRSNER, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-3-511_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with great interest the report by Wald and colleagues (1) in the June issue of a case of non-antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. We have just seen a similar case.A 52-year-old white male college professor was admitted to the University of Chicago Medical Center because of a 4-day illness characterized by urgent diarrhea, left lower quadrant pain, and nausea without vomiting. He had obtained some relief by taking bismuth subsalicylate. He had also been taking a magnesium containing antacid about twice daily for 1 week because of vague abdominal discomfort. He emphatically...References1. WALDMENDELOWBARTLETT AHJ. Non-antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:798-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BARTLETTCHANGGURWITHGORBACHONDERDONK JTMSA. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. N engl J Med. 1978;298:531-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1980Volume 93, Issue 3Page: 511-511KeywordsBismuthC difficile colitisDiarrheaMagnesiumNauseaVomiting Issue Published: 1 September 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
124 HIGH-DOSE PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) INDUCTION THERAPY AND STANDARD RIBAVIRIN ENHANCES EARLY BUT NOT SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSES IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS: FINAL CHARIOT STUDY RESULTS
Authors: S. Roberts, M. Weltman, D.H.G. Crawford, W.S.C. Cheng, W. Sievert, G. McCaughan, P. Desmond, W. Rawlinson, P. Marks, M. Yoshihara, B. Rizkalla, J. DePamphilis, G.J. Dore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
In situ expression and soluble form of P-selectin in human glomerulonephritis
Authors: Chikako Segawa, Takashi Wada, Masayoshi Takaeda, Kengo Furuichi, Ichirou Matsuda, Yukimasa Hisada, Satoshi Ohta, Kazuya Takasawa, Shin-Ichi Takeda, Ken-Ichi Kobayashi, Hitoshi Yokoyama
Journal: Kidney International (1997)