tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Broadening Horizons of Allergy
Authors: Philip M. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The lessons of history, if thoughtfully perused, may cast some illumination on the pathways of the future. The development of a body of knowledge and of clinical and experimental techniques to the point of constituting a new scientific discipline and an independent medical specialty requires myriads of observations, experiments, and studies. These constitute a tribute to the ingenuity, insight, perseverance, and dedication of a host of clinicians and investigators of past generations and of the current scientific scene. Allergy, like most medical specialties, was presaged by scattered and unorganized clinical observations over centuries. Unlike the other specialties, however, it is the first to be distinguished by attention to a modality of disease causation—the phenomenon of hypersensitivity—rather than by delineation in terms of an organ system, age group, or therapeutic approach. The gradual conceptualization of the possibility that hypersensitiveness to otherwise innocuous substances may produce disease in predisposed individuals required a
The Calcium Messenger System
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Franklin H. Epstein, Howard Rasmussen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

IN this brief review, only an overview of our rapidly expanding knowledge of the organization and function of the calcium messenger system will be possible. This messenger system has a central role in mediating the contraction of all forms of muscle, the secretion of exocrine, endocrine, and neurocrine products, the metabolic processes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, the transport and secretion of fluids and electrolytes, and the growth of cells. Hence, disorders of the function of the calcium messenger system underlie the development of a variety of disorders ranging from hypertension and vasospasm, bronchial asthma, clotting abnormalities related to platelet dysfunction, . . .
Herpes Zoster Infection and Use of Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Bennett Blumenkopf
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS are currently approved for the secondary prophylactic treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and for the cerebral thromboembolic complications that typically result from mitral valve disease with atrial fibrillation. Hemorrhagic episodes are the main untoward effects caused by therapy with these agents. Accordingly, their usage must be carefully monitored by the determination of the one-stage prothrombin time. However, bleeding may occur even when this time is within the accepted therapeutic range. Spinal subdural hematomata are rare neurosurgical emergencies. These have been described as a complication of anticoagulant therapy, following spinal injury, or as being "spontaneous" in origin.<sup>1,2</sup>A patient receiving oral anticoagulants had development of an acute spinal subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage during the course of a thoracic level herpes zoster infection. The clinical presentation and subsequent course suggested to us the potentially dangerous association of herpes zoster infection and anticoagulant therapy. <h3>Report of a</h3>
E3 ligase–defective Cbl mutants lead to a generalized mastocytosis and myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Srinivasa Rao Bandi, Christian Brandts, Marion Rensinghoff, Rebekka Grundler, Lara Tickenbrock, Gabriele Köhler, Justus Duyster, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Hubert Serve, Bülent Sargin
Journal: Blood (2009)
Ursodiol Use Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Colonic Neoplasia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Bruce Y. Tung, Mary J. Emond, Rodger C. Haggitt, Mary P. Bronner, Michael B. Kimmey, Kris V. Kowdley, Teresa A. Brentnall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are at high risk for colonic dysplasia and cancer. This risk approaches 50% after 25 years of colitis. Ursodiol has been shown to protect against development of colorectal neoplasia in animal models. Objective: To assess the relationship between ursodiol use and colonic dysplasia, the precursor to colon cancer, in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University medical center. Patients: 59 patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis who were undergoing colonoscopic surveillance for colonic dysplasia. Measurements: Use of ursodiol was assessed in all patients. The presence or absence of colonic dysplasia was evaluated by colonoscopic surveillance. Other variables assessed were age at onset and duration of ulcerative colitis; duration of primary sclerosing cholangitis; Child–Pugh classification; and use of sulfasalazine, other 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations, prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. Results: Ursodiol use was strongly associated with decreased prevalence of colonic dysplasia (odds ratio, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.61]; P = 0.005). The association between dysplasia and ursodiol use remained after adjustment for sex, age at onset of colitis, duration of colitis, duration of sclerosing cholangitis, severity of liver disease, and sulfasalazine use (adjusted odds ratio, 0.14 [CI, 0.03 to 0.64]; P = 0.01). Younger age at onset of colitis was associated with an increased risk for dysplasia. Conclusions: Ursodiol use appears to be associated with a lower frequency of colonic dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A randomized trial investigating the chemoprotective effect of ursodiol in patients with ulcerative colitis may be warranted.
Epidemic Increase in Childhood Overweight, 1986-1998
Authors: Richard S. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextOverweight is the most common health problem facing US children. Data for adults suggest that overweight prevalence has increased by more than 50% in the last 10 years. Data for children also suggest that the prevalence of overweight continues to increase rapidly.ObjectiveTo investigate recent changes in the prevalence of overweight within a nationally representative sample of children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a prospective cohort study conducted from 1986 to 1998 among 8270 children aged 4 to 12 years (24 174 growth points were analyzed).Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of overweight children, defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex, and prevalence of overweight and at-risk children, defined as BMI greater than the 85th percentile for age and sex. The roles of race/ethnicity, sex, income, and region of residence were also examined.ResultsBetween 1986 and 1998, overweight increased significantly and steadily among African American (P<.001), Hispanic (P<.001), and white (P = .03) children. By 1998, overweight prevalence increased to 21.5% among African Americans, 21.8% among Hispanics, and 12.3% among non-Hispanic whites. In addition, overweight children were heavier in 1998 compared with 1986 (P<.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, overweight increased fastest among minorities and southerners, creating large demographic differences in the prevalence of childhood overweight by 1998. The number of children with BMI greater than the 85th percentile increased significantly from 1986 to 1998 among African American and Hispanic children (P<.001 for both) and nonsignificantly among white children (P = .77).ConclusionsChildhood overweight continues to increase rapidly in the United States, particularly among African Americans and Hispanics. Culturally competent treatment strategies as well as other policy interventions are required to increase physical activity and encourage healthy eating patterns among children.
Early Relief of Chest Pain by Ethyl Chloride Spray in Acute Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: JANET TRAVELL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Within a few minutes after its onset, intense pain of acute myocardial infarction was abolished by briefly spraying the precordium with ethyl chloride. Prompt relief of pain did not prevent tissue necrosis, but may have ameliorated the clinical course. We infer that the stimulus for pain in acute infarction is of extremely short duration but gives rise to a secondary, self-sustaining pain cycle which may be terminated by altering the flow of nerve impulses from the skin. The case also illustrates the increased susceptibility to digitalis which develops some days after myocardial infarction.
Benzodiazepines and Hip Fracture-Reply
Authors: Wayne A. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply. —  Mr Jacobs and Ms Das raise six questions concerning our study. (1) Is the point prevalence of current long-half-life benzodiazepine use in the case subjects different from that of the entire elderly population in Saskatchewan? (2) Does a direct comparison between long- and short—half-life benzodiazepine users show a difference in hip fracture risk? (3) Does use of diazepam for convulsions result in confounding? (4) Should other fall-related injuries have been included as outcomes? (5) Do nonsignificant differences in confounder prevalence for sampled cases that would have been significant in a larger sample indicate inadequate confounder control? (6) Can we rule out any spurious association, particularly with regard to mental impairment?   One of the strengths of this study is that control subjects were sampled randomly from the entire elderly Saskatchewan population of persons without hip fractures, with stratification by demographic characteristics associated with both benzodiazepine use and
www.annals.org
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Editorials4 January 2000www.annals.orgFrank Davidoff, MDFrank Davidoff, MDEditor (Davidoff)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-1-200001040-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As dedicated Annals readers know, the full text of many, but not all, articles in the journal has been available on the Web for some years, tucked away in the Web site of our publisher, the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, at www.acponline.org. But as befits this new year, this new century, and this (almost) new millennium, an entirely new electronic version of Annals is currently under development and will be up and running several months from now.What will be new about the new e-journal? Nearly everything, including a Web address (URL) of its own: www.annals.org. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Editor (Davidoff) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSuppose There Were No Printers Frank Davidoff Metrics Cited ByAnnals of Internal Medicine at Age 75: Reflections on the Past 25 YearsEdward J. Huth, MD and Kathleen Case, MSAuthors, Editors, and Readers in the Brave New (Electronic) WorldFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorSuppose There Were No PrintersFrank Davidoff, MD 4 January 2000Volume 132, Issue 1Page: 92KeywordsDrugsInformation technologyRunning Issue Published: 4 January 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Short-Acting β-Blocker Administration in Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Adrien Bouglé, Jean-Paul Mira
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fit as a fiddle
Authors: G. Giri
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Rather a good thing to be. I do not know the origin of this well known phrase, but it occurs to me that most of the finest instruments are a good deal older than many generations of fiddlers. They may have had minor surgical attention since manufacture, but are clearly in full voice. I believe that keeping fit in the elderly is important and because it would save the NHS a lot of money it is something that the government should devote more money to.

I went to Australia in September 1994 to take part in the third World Masters Games, one of the least advertised world events. Held every four years, like the Olympics, these …
Response to Comment on Lecoultre et al. Ten Nights of Moderate Hypoxia Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Humans. Diabetes Care 2013;36:e197–e198
Authors: Courtney M. Peterson, Virgile Lecoultre, Jean-Marc Schwarz, Eric Ravussin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We previously reported that 10 nights of moderate hypoxia (∼15% O2; 10 h per night) improved glucose homeostasis (glucose disposal rate [GDR] during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) in obese men (1). Goossens (2) now raises some important questions about our study and puts forward an intriguing alternate hypothesis to explain our results that nightly hypoxia treatment improves whole-body insulin sensitivity.

First, Goossens points out that the improvement in GDR may be explained by a reduction in food intake and concomitant weight loss. Indeed, altitude-associated hypoxia has been shown to trigger significant reductions in energy intake (3). Although we did not collect information on food intake, study participants were instructed to follow …
Periarthritis of the shoulder. I. Aetiological considerations with particular reference to personality factors.
Authors: V Wright, A.M Haq
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

186 patients with periarthritis of the shoulder have been studied. The sex ratio was female:male, 1-52:1. The peak age of onset was 54-59 years in both sexes. Over 40% of the patients were referred to the clinic after 6 months had elapsed from the time of onset of the disease. The right shoulder was more frequently involved than the left, particularly in the men. One shoulder only was affected in 75% of patients. There was frequently a previous history of 'rheumatism' before the episode of periarthritis. In one-third of the women 'nonspecific rheumatism' had occurred. Cervicobrachial pain and a previous episode of shoulder pain had occurred more often in the women. There were a number of associated diseases, ischaemic heart disease, thyroid disease among women, diabetes among women, hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and epilepsy. Acute trauma was rarely a precipitating factor. Manual workers were more frequently seen than sedentary workers in the sample, and there were more in the sample than in the general population of Leeds. The general psychological background was no different from a control group. The Maudsley Personality Inventory gave no different results among patients with periarthritis of the shoulder than among a control group and among the general population. It is suggested that there is no evidence in this study for a 'periarthritic personality'. It is suggested that the cause of periarthritis of the shoulder is likely to be related to chronic trauma occurring in an age range when changes in connective tissue are occurring. Certain associated diseases may predispose the patient to this disorder.
A Resource of Cre Driver Lines for Genetic Targeting of GABAergic Neurons in Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Hiroki Taniguchi, Miao He, Priscilla Wu, Sangyong Kim, Raehum Paik, Ken Sugino, Duda Kvitsani, Yu Fu, Jiangteng Lu, Ying Lin, Goichi Miyoshi, Yasuyuki Shima, Gord Fishell, Sacha B. Nelson, Z. Josh Huang
Journal: Neuron (2011)
RELATIONSHIP OF ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS HERNIA TO ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Franklin R. Nuzum
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Paré<sup>1</sup>first described esophageal hiatus hernia in 1575, but the literature, as reviewed by Young,<sup>2</sup>Putney,<sup>3</sup>and others, contains only scattered references to this condition until some 20 years ago. Recent advances in roentgenology have led to its being diagnosed with increasing frequency, and numerous studies have lately appeared on the subject. Von Bergmann,<sup>4</sup>in 1932, was the first to exhibit an interest in the similarity of pain in hiatus hernia and angina pectoris, and during the next few years a number of single instances of such a resemblance were described.<sup>5</sup>In 1933 Harrington<sup>6</sup>reported a study of 66 instances of hiatus hernia, in which he observed that attacks of pain are occasionally considered to be due to coronary sclerosis or myocardial disease. The same author<sup>7</sup>in 1940 reported on 198 cases of hiatus hernia in which he had operated, and stated that
The EphA2 Receptor Drives Self-Renewal and Tumorigenicity in Stem-like Tumor-Propagating Cells from Human Glioblastomas
Authors: Elena Binda, Alberto Visioli, Fabrizio Giani, Giuseppe Lamorte, Massimiliano Copetti, Ken L. Pitter, Jason T. Huse, Laura Cajola, Nadia Zanetti, Francesco DiMeco, Lidia De Filippis, Annunziato Mangiola, Giulio Maira, Carmelo Anile, Pasquale De Bonis, Brent A. Reynolds, Elena B. Pasquale, Angelo L. Vescovi
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Changes in behavioural characteristics of elderly populations of local authority homes and long-stay hospital wards, 1976-7.
Authors: D Wilkin, T Mashiah, D J Jolley
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Behavioural characteristics of the elderly populations of seven local authority residential homes and three long-stay hospital wards were assessed in 1976 and 1977 with the Crichton Royal behavioural rating scale. In 1977 the levels of behavioural problems had increased in the residential homes, but declined in the hospital wards. Differences between the homes had decreased as the overall level of problems increased. The findings suggested that the additional burden of caring for increasing numbers of severely disabled elderly people was affecting the balance of institutional care, and a radical reappraisal of present patterns of care may be necessary to meet their future needs.
Combined Adipocyte-Macrophage Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Deficiency Improves Metabolism, Atherosclerosis, and Survival in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Jeffrey B. Boord, Kazuhisa Maeda, Liza Makowski, Vladimir R. Babaev, Sergio Fazio, MacRae F. Linton, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) aP2 is expressed by adipocytes and macrophages and modulates insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Insulin sensitivity is improved in obese but not in lean aP2-deficient mice. A second fatty acid-binding protein, mal1, also is expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, and mal1 deficiency produces similar effects on insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that combined aP2 and mal1 deficiency would produce synergistic effects on metabolism and reduce atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE −/− ) mice. Methods and Results— Male and female apoE −/− mice null for both aP2 and mal1 (3KO) and apoE −/− controls were fed a low-fat chow diet for 16 or 56 weeks. Lean 3KO mice had significantly lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as improved insulin and glucose tolerance as compared with controls. Analysis of atherosclerotic lesions in the 3KO mice showed dramatic reductions in both early (20 weeks) and late-stage (60 weeks) atherosclerosis. Strikingly, survival in the 3KO mice was improved by 67% as compared with apoE −/− controls when challenged with the Western diet for 1 year. Conclusions— Combined aP2 and mal1 deficiency improved glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced atherosclerosis, and improved survival in apoE −/− mice, making these proteins important therapeutic targets for the prevention of the cardiovascular consequences of the metabolic syndrome.
Is direct stenting an effective therapy for long-term outcome? Results of the randomized bet study
Authors: Didier Carrie, Khalifé Khalifé, Bernard Citron, Karl Isaaz, Martial Hamon, Jean M. Juliard, Elyes El Mokhtar, Jean P. Rinaldi, Joelle Fourcade, Rémi Sabatier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Pathophysiological study of diarrhoea in a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Evidence against a secretory mechanism and for the role of shortened colonic transit time.
Authors: J C Rambaud, R Jian, B Flourie, M Hautefeuille, M Salmeron, F Thuillier, A Ruskone, C Florent, F Chaoui, J J Bernier
Journal: Gut (1988)

Intubation techniques and scintigraphic studies were used to determine the origin and mechanism of diarrhoea in a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma, high plasma immunoreactive calcitonin and normal circulating serotonin, substance P and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Normal function of the small intestine was found for the following: (a) absorption tests; (b) water and electrolyte absorption in the proximal jejunum; (c) 24 hour flow rate and composition of fluid entering the colon and (d) gastric emptying rate and small intestinal progression of a normal meal. By contrast, colonic function was markedly impaired in three ways: (a) water absorption was decreased by half; (b) as the main excreted solutes were organic acids, a large electrolyte gap was recorded in faecal water, and (c) colonic transit time of the meal marker was very short, and was in agreement with the rapid transit of ingested radioopaque markers. These data strongly suggest that decreased absorption in the colon secondary to a motor disturbance is the main mechanism of diarrhoea in this case of medullary thyroid carcinoma, while calcitonin induced small intestinal fluid secretion suggested earlier is either non-existent, or only of minor importance.