tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re: Froehner M, Koch R, Litz RJ, Oehlschlaeger S, Hakenberg OW, Wirth MP, Feasibility and limitations of comorbidity measurement in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2005;47:190–5
Authors: Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch, Rainer J. Litz, Sven Oehlschlaeger, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Manfred P. Wirth
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Abstract 5019: Irradiation and anti-B7-H1 provide synergistic treatment effects in murine cancer
Authors: Liufu Deng, Hua Liang, Byron Burnette, Micheal Beckett, Thomas Darga, Ralph Weichselbaum, Yang-Xin Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract High dose ionizing irradiation (IR) results in direct tumor cell death and has been demonstrated to augment tumor-specific immunity that enhance tumor control both locally and distantly. However, local relapses often occur in patients and in established experimental tumors after treatment with IR suggesting that IR-induced immune responses are inadequate. Therapeutic blockade of the T cell negative regulator Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1, also named B7-H1) can enhance T cell effector function when PD-L1 is expressed in chronically inflamed tissues and tumors. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 is up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment after IR. Administration of anti-PD-L1 enhanced the efficacy of IR through a CD8+ T cell dependent mechanism. Concomitant with IR-mediated tumor regression, we observed that IR and anti-PD-L1 synergistically reduced the local accumulation of tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), thus altering the tumor immune microenvironment. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cells, activated by combination therapy, mediate the reduction of MDSCs in tumors through the cytotoxic actions of TNF. Our data provide evidence for a close interaction between IR, T cells, and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and establish the basis for the rational design of combination therapy with immune modulators and radiotherapy in the clinical setting. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Liufu Deng, Hua Liang, Byron Burnette, Micheal Beckett, Thomas Darga, Ralph Weichselbaum, Yang-Xin Fu. Irradiation and anti-B7-H1 provide synergistic treatment effects in murine cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5019
Abstract 199: Urocortin Promotes Cell Survival of HL-1 Cells Undergoing Serum-Starvation Inducing Overexpression of MondoA, A Novel Broad Spectrum Activator of Glycolysis
Authors: Zhaokan Yuan, Carol Chen-Scarabelli, Mitali Shah, Samuel Saravolatz, Gabriele Scarabelli, Louis Saravolatz Ii, Kadija Abounit, Tiziano M Scarabelli
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Manual of Vascular Access, Organ Donation, and Transplantation
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is indeed a beautiful manual, if for no other reasons than for the illustrations by Martin Finch, which are supplemented by angiograms, charts, tables, and facts about vascular access, for use in dialysis and organ donation and for the surgical techniques and skills required in a multiple organ transplant program. Richard Egdahl, editor of the<i>Comprehensive Manuals of Surgical Specialties</i>, himself a former colleague and associate of David Hume, a pioneer in transplant surgery, has wisely selected the Minnesota Group to edit a new book on transplantation because of their very broadly based and vast experience in the field, to wit the often envious referral to the University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center as the University of Transplantation. The volume has a different orientation to the field of transplantation than did the original Najarian and Simmons<i>Transplantation</i>, published by Lea &amp; Febiger in 1972. In that now classic publication,
Drinking and driving: choosing the legal limits.
Authors: J A Dunbar, A Penttila, J Pikkarainen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The legal limit for drinking and driving in Britain is 80 mg/dl (17.4 mmol/l) of alcohol in the blood. This was chosen 20 years ago on the basis of studies that have recently been reanalysed. Changes in public opinion, the results of recent research, and the evaluation of other countermeasures, such as random breath testing, show that there are good grounds for revising the legal limit downwards. It is suggested that the legal limit should be reduced from 80 mg/dl to 50 mg/dl (10.9 mmol/l) and random breath testing introduced as in most Nordic countries. A zero limit is proposed for learner and first year drivers, who are likely to have accidents even with low concentrations of alcohol in their blood.
Inhibition of camitine synthesis modulates alterations in protein levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase and enzymes related with glucose utilization in rat myocardial infarction
Authors: K. Yonekura, Y. Eto, T. Aoyagi, S. Momomura, T. Kimoto, Y. Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Leukokinetic Studies. X. Blood Granulocyte Kinetics in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia*
Authors: J. W. Athens, S. O. Raab, O. P. Haab, D. R. Boggs, H. Ashenbrucker, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

MethodsIn vitro labeled (1), autologous granulocytes were infused in 43 studies on patients with CML.Of these, 23 studies were performed on patients with a blood granulocyte concentration greater than 30,000 per mm' *
TECHNIQUE OF CULTIVATING HUMAN TISSUES IN VITRO
Authors: Robert A. Lambert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. Unmodified human plasma is not a satisfactory culture medium for human tissues owing to the susceptibility of human fibrin to digestion by tissue ferments. The necessary framework is thus destroyed before the cells begin to migrate. The difficulty can be overcome by adding to human plasma or serum a small quantity of fowl or pigeon plasma, the fibrin of which is highly resistant to digestion. Human tissues have been propagated in this medium for several months through subcultures, and growth in vitro can probably be maintained indefinitely. 2. Human tissues show no greater sensitiveness to changes in temperature and mechanical injury associated with preparation of cultures than those of lower animals. They may be preserved in an ordinary ice box at 10-15 degrees C. as long as 6 or 8 days. Tissues obtained at operation give best results, but pieces of organs removed at autopsy 1 to 4 hours after death sometimes show active growth. 3. The presence of normally existing iso-antibodies (agglutinins and hemolysins) in human serum is without influence on the growth of human tissues in vitro. In other words, autogenous serum has no advantage in tissue cultures over homologous serum.
Lower-Extremity Amputation Risk After Charcot Arthropathy and Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Min-Woong Sohn, Rodney M. Stuck, Michael Pinzur, Todd A. Lee, Elly Budiman-Mak
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To compare risks of lower-extremity amputation between patients with Charcot arthropathy and those with diabetic foot ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients with incident Charcot arthropathy or diabetic foot ulcers in 2003 was followed for 5 years for any major and minor amputations in the lower extremities. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 37 ± 20 and 43 ± 18 months, the Charcot and ulcer groups had 4.1 and 4.7 amputations per 100 person-years, respectively. Among patients &amp;lt;65 years old at the end of follow-up, amputation risk relative to patients with Charcot alone was 7 times higher for patients with ulcer alone and 12 times higher for patients with Charcot and ulcer. CONCLUSIONS Charcot arthropathy by itself does not pose a serious amputation risk, but ulcer complication multiplicatively increases the risk. Early surgical intervention for Charcot patients in the absence of deformity or ulceration may not be advisable.
Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Concentrations of Digoxin in Patients on Long-term Therapy
Authors: J. Coltart, M. Howard, D. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The digoxin content was measured in samples of left ventricular papillary muscle, skeletal muscle, and plasma obtained during mitral valve replacement from eight patients on maintenance treatment with the drug. The content in papillary muscle ranged from 15.5 to 132 ng/g (mean 77.7) and in skeletal muscle from 7.5 to 23 ng/g (mean 11.3). The ratio of myocardial digoxin concentration to plasma concentration varied between patients from 39:1 to 155:1. No simple relationship exists between plasma levels of digoxin and its concentration in the heart muscle, but total myocardial concentration may not accurately reflect therapeutic activity.
Infection with Herpes-Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
Authors: André J. Nahmias, Bernard Roizman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Herpes-simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and 2 can cause recurrent infection in man and in nonhuman species localized on a specific area of the body, such as face, cornea, or genitals. The origin of the virus responsible for a recurrent infection is not usually apparent. Some possible sources of virus can be exogenous infection, endogenous infection from another site of the body, chronic, continuous viral multiplication around the site of involvement, and persistence of the virus at the site of the recurrent infection. No definite information is yet available regarding the mechanism by which HSV1 or HSV2 persists and it is triggered to multiply, or regarding the cells that harbor the virus. It is possible that frequent or constant antigenic stimulation occurs in at least some cases of recurrent herpetic infections. The role of antibodies and of interferon in host resistance to HSV remains to be elucidated. Several recent studies have shown the association of more than a dozen herpes viruses with cancer in man and various animals; for example with limphoma, and with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and cancer of the cervix. Genital HSV infections and cervical cancer were first linked when it was noted that women with genital herpes had a high frequency of cervical dysplasia and cancer. The results of new seroepidemiologic studies on this subject are still difficult to evaluate. Inocculation of HSV2 in laboratory animals has resulted in sarcomas, but it has never been possible to prove that the virus caused the tumors, since no HSV antigens could be detected in the tumors. However, herpesvirus antigens have been demonstrated by immunofluorescent technics in exfoliated cervical cells obtained from women with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. In the absence of other kinds of data, it is difficult to rule out the possibility that the presence of HSV2 or of antigens is not an independent event unrelated to the cancer.
P626Deletion of toll-like receptor 9 aggravates diastolic heart failure induced by serca2a ablation
Authors: YD Holmen, I Sjaastad, A Yndestad, AV Finsen, T Ranheim, K Alfsnes, L Gullestad, P Aukrust, G Christensen, LE Vinge
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Immune activation plays a nodal role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling significantly impacts the development of systolic HF. However, the consequence of altered TLR9 activity in diastolic HF is unknown.
Has mental time travel really affected human culture?
Authors: Alex Mesoudi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Suddendorf &amp; Corballis (S&amp;C) claim that mental time travel has significantly affected human cultural change. This echoes a common criticism of theories of Darwinian cultural evolution: that, whereas evolution is blind, culture is directed by people who can foresee and plan for future events. Here I argue that such a claim is premature, and more rigorous tests of S&amp;C's claim are needed.
Association of Lifetime Intellectual Enrichment With Cognitive Decline in the Older Population
Authors: Prashanthi Vemuri, Timothy G. Lesnick, Scott A. Przybelski, Mary Machulda, David S. Knopman, Michelle M. Mielke, Rosebud O. Roberts, Yonas E. Geda, Walter A. Rocca, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Intellectual lifestyle enrichment throughout life is increasingly viewed as a protective strategy against commonly observed cognitive decline in the older population.
Intragraft expression of IL-10 messenger RNA: A novel correlate of renal allograft rejection
Authors: Guo-Ping Xu, Vijay K. Sharma, Baogui Li, Roxana Bologa, Yi Li, Janet Mouradian, John Wang, David Serur, Venkateswara Rao, Kurt H. Stenzel, Manikkam Suthanthiran
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Metabolic Coordination of Liver and Kidney in Mercapturic Acid Biosynthesis In Vivo
Authors: Masayasu Inoue, Kenji Okajima, Yoshimasa Morino
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

When S–carbamido( 14 C)methyl glutathione, a model compound of glutathione S–conjugate, was administered i.v. to mice, radioactivity accumulated in the kidney within 1 to 2 min and then decreased gradually during the following 10 to 15 min with concomitant increase in hepatic radioactivity. Most hepatic radioactivity was accounted for by S–carbamidomethyl cysteine and its N–acetyl derivative, a mercapturic acid. The i.v. administration of S–carbamido( 14 C)methyl cysteine resulted in rapid and predominant accumulation of radioactivity in the liver. In both cases, the radioactive urinary metabolites were fully accounted for by N–acetyl–S–carbamidomethyl cysteine. N–Acetyl–S–carbamido( 14 C)methyl cysteine administered to mice was accumulated preferentially in the kidney and was excreted into urine very rapidly. These results suggest the following series of events: glutathione S–conjugate accumulated mainly in the kidney and is hydrolyzed into its component amino acids, presumably by γ–glutamyl transferase and some peptidase(s) on the renal brush border membranes. The cysteine S–conjugate which is formed in the tubular lumen is reabsorbed and transferred to the liver, acetylated to form N–acetylcysteine S–conjugate, and excreted in the urine. Thus, renal hydrolysis of glutathione S–conjugates seems to be coordinated with acetylation in liver and with mercapturic acid biosynthesis in vivo.
Improvement of Overall Survival in Advanced Stage Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Annina Herrmann, Eva Hoster, Thomas Zwingers, Günter Brittinger, Marianne Engelhard, Peter Meusers, Marcel Reiser, Roswitha Forstpointner, Bernd Metzner, Norma Peter, Bernhard Wörmann, Lorenz Trümper, Michael Pfreundschuh, Hermann Einsele, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Michael Unterhalt, Martin Dreyling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) represent a clinically aggressive lymphoma subtype with a poor prognosis. To explore a potential progress in outcome a historical comparison was performed using data from the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group (KLSG; 1975 to 1986) and the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG; 1996 to 2004).All patients with the histologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced-stage nonblastoid MCL were eligible. To minimize the potential heterogeneity of different risk profiles frequency matching was pursued. In addition, we adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple Cox regression.A total of 520 patients were assessable, 150 from KLSG and 370 from GLSG studies. The median overall survival was 2.7 years for KLSG patients as compared with 4.8 years for GLSG patients (P < .0001). The 5-year survival rates were 22% in the KLSG group (95% CI, 13% to 31%) as compared with 47% for GLSG treated patients (95% CI, 38% to 55%). The hazard ratio adjusted for performance status, lactate dehydrogenase, and age was 0.44 for GLSG patients (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.59).Median overall survival of patients with advanced nonblastoid MCL almost doubled during the past 30 years. Potential reasons for this apparent improvement in overall survival include the application of anthracycline-containing regimens and new approaches, such as antilymphoma antibodies or stem cell transplantation. Advances in general supportive care, new diagnostic tools, and general improvement of life span might have also reinforced this effect. However, our results are questioning the validity of historical comparisons which had been frequently applied in previous trials.
Save our service
Authors: P. Richards, M. Gumpel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Dear Secretary of State, We are writing to you on behalf of the medical staff of the Northwick Park and St Mark's NHS Trust, who welcome a new government clearly totally committed to the future of the NHS, but we are deeply concerned to bring home to you the extremely serious practical problems facing doctors, nurses, and their colleagues in the acute hospital services. With the best of intentions we cannot sustain current services with even less than current resources; we cannot maintain morale without light at the end of the tunnel. All the points we wish to make apply to a greater or lesser extent nationwide; a few pertain particularly to our trust. Everything we have to say is based on hard evidence which we shall not attempt to present here but can produce in any degree of detail you would find helpful. We should preface our remarks by saying that Northwick Park and St Mark's is a large general hospital with several subregional, regional, and national tertiary services with a strong academic emphasis; of these St Mark's Hospital is the largest and best known. As a general hospital we offer an appropriately balanced range of services. A comparison by the Audit Commission of Northwick Park with similar hospitals in 1995-6 and a recent assessment by Arthur Andersen confirm that the cost per case here compares favourably with other providers nationally. These audits also show that the trust uses its beds efficiently. But the current very high bed occupancy leaves no margin for surges in demand and is putting unremitting and damaging pressure on all staff. You are familiar with the core problems but we and our patients are the ones who have to live with the human consequences from day to day. They include the following:
BRAF V600E Mutation Analysis from May-Grünwald Giemsa-Stained Cytological Samples as an Adjunct in Identification of High-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Aneeta Patel, Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Victoria Hoperia, Alexander Larin, Kirk Jensen, Andrew Bauer, Vasyl Vasko
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
The Use of Packed Red Blood Cells-Reply
Authors: Alfred J. Grindon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  I would like to thank Dr Barrett for his comment. It is unreasonable to remove plasma from all blood when drawn, send that plasma for fractionation, recover only part of it as albumin and plasma protein fraction, and then use the latter products in the hospital with packed cells because whole blood is not available for those patients who need RBC and volume expansion. The current national need for plasma products cannot be met with the plasma removed from whole blood, but must be supplemented by plasmapheresis.  The statement of O'Connor and Staples that washed cells can be resuspended in plasma protein fraction if an increase in blood volume is needed is directly to the point. While true, it represents an inefficient and expensive practice. Although washed cells will reduce the incidence of transfusion reactions, it is difficult to justify the use of washed cells routinely for this
Nonsurgical Relief of Venous Limb Thrombosis in a Denver Shunt
Authors: Martha D. McDaniel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Denver peritoneovenous shunt, with its valved pump chamber and heparin-bonded tubing, may offer prolonged patency when compared with other types of peritoneovenous shunts. However, shunt thrombosis is a troublesome complication that usually requires operative revision. The patient with intractable ascites secondary to hepatic cirrhosis presents a therapeutic challenge. Even though the additional volume load imposed by a peritoneovenous shunt may be hemodynamically tolerated, a reduced peritoneovenous pressure gradient decreases flow through the shunt and puts the paient at high risk for thrombosis of the venous end of the tubing. We recently treated such a patient. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 63-year-old man had, in addition to medically intractable ascites from biopsy-proved Laennec's cirrhosis, multiple medical problems including mild right-sided heart failure associated with previous myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. Because of his chronically elevated central venous pressure (30 mm Hg), he was followed up expectantly until
Left Atrial Tumour Simulating Mitral Stenosis
Authors: G. P. Jones, D. G. Julian
Journal: BMJ (1955)

IBmsi 361Suggestions are made regarding possible lines along which progress might be made towards more rapid and accurate diagnosis with a resultant improvement in treat- ment and results.As has been pointed out in the text, the bulk of the routine observations are the work of the midwifery staff, past and present, to whom we express our appreciation and thanks.Dr. A. S. Simpson, divisional medical officer for Ashton-under-Lyne, has been responsible for the statistical analyses, for which we are most grateful, and Dr. Ruth FitzGerald has been of the greatest help in the preparation and revision of the text.
Early Experiences Implementing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention in San Francisco
Authors: Albert Liu, Stephanie Cohen, Stephen Follansbee, Deborah Cohan, Shannon Weber, Darpun Sachdev, Susan Buchbinder
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Albert Liu and colleagues report early experiences with uptake and delivery of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)for HIV prevention in three different settings in San Francisco. PrEP can be an important component of a comprehensive HIV prevention program and can complement efforts to increase HIV testing, linkage to care, and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Screening for bowel cancer is set to save 2500 lives a year in UK
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An estimated 2500 lives will be saved every year in the United Kingdom by 2025 because of screening for bowel cancer, research has shown.

A study, funded by Cancer Research UK, predicted the impact of kits to test for faecal occult blood on mortality rates. A computer simulation was based on mortality and incidence of bowel cancer between 1975 and 2004 and the number of people who attended screening in early …
Ligation of CD11b and CD11c β2 integrins by antibodies or soluble CD23 induces macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β production in primary human monocytes through a pathway dependent on nuclear factor–κB
Authors: Roger Rezzonico, Veronique Imbert, Rachel Chicheportiche, Jean-Michel Dayer
Journal: Blood (2001)
Disseminated Histoplasmosis: Results of Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: GEORGE A. SAROSI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Fifty-four cases of disseminated histoplasmosis were studied between 1947 and 1969 in eight hospitals in a cooperative study. Twenty-four patients received amphotericin B intravenously; of the 30 untreated patients, eight were diagnosed only at necropsy. All but three of the treated patients survived at least 8 months, and nine are currently alive (an average of 62 months after treatment). By contrast, only two of the untreated patients are still alive, 16 having died within 4 months after diagnosis. Improvement correlated well with early amphotericin therapy and a total dose of 38 mg/kg body weight. Adrenal insufficiency developed in half of the patients regardless of treatment and was the commonest cause of death. Only two patients with this complication are still alive. All patients with disseminated histoplasmosis should be evaluated carefully and repeatedly for adrenal gland insufficiency.