tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBLITERATION OF CONGENITAL PIGMENTATIONS.Read in the Section on Dermatology and Syphilography at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: B. MERRILL RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Abnormal pigmentations of the human skin have always existed and are always more or less objectionable, especially where they occur upon the exposed parts of the body. I say always objectionable, meaning the congenital ones, and I might say the artificial ones sooner or later are objectionable. In order that we may be able to more thoroughly understand the character of the various pigmentations, I have made the following classification, which I have found to be very convenient, and which I believe answers ordinary purposes. It is as follows: 1. Elevated pigmented surfaces. 2. Non-elevated pigmented surfaces. 3. Red, elevated or non-elevated, pigmented surfaces. 4. Brown, elevated or non-elevated, pigmented surfaces. In the elevated pigmentations, I have found obliteration much easier than in any of the other three I have mentioned. Those that are non-elevated and have a brown color, are the hardest to obliterate, and require a greater length
The Principles and Practice of Nephrology
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This book passed its first test on the morning when it arrived for review. A cardiologist happened to come by to ask if he should catheterize a diabetic dialysis patient suffering from precordial chest pain. We used the book to look up the prognosis of diabetics on dialysis and found the answer neatly summarized in the table on page 481:22.7% of such patients died each year. The cardiologist left impressed with the new kidney book but doubtful about the wisdom of aggressive intervention. The next test was to select a few topics from among the book's 149 chapters. We picked at random cystinosis, acquired cystic disease, vascular access, hypophosphatemia, membranous glomerulonephritis, daily dialysis, and hyperalimentation in acute renal failure. We found the discussions comprehensive and the controversial issues well presented in an informed and objective manner. The third test, however, was a failure: the book was too heavy to read
Notch-1 Mutations Are Secondary Events in Some Patients with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Marc R. Mansour, Veronique Duke, Letizia Foroni, Bella Patel, Christopher G. Allen, Phil J. Ancliff, Rosemary E. Gale, David C. Linch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Activating Notch-1 mutations are frequent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), occurring in &amp;gt;50% of patients. In murine models of T-ALL, Notch-1 activation can both directly initiate leukemia and cooperate secondarily to other primary events. Whether acquisition of Notch-1 mutations is an early initiating event or a secondary event in the pathogenesis of human T-ALL is unclear. Experimental Design: We used denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, sequencing, and fragment analysis to analyze Notch-1 mutational status and mutant level in 62 patients at presentation as well as 16 matched presentation-relapse samples. Results: We detected Notch-1 mutations in 47 patients (76%). Seven of these were low-level mutations (quantified at ≤10%), despite high blast counts, suggesting that they were acquired as a secondary event in a subclone. Of 16 matched presentation-relapse samples studied, 7 were wild-type at both presentation and relapse. Five of nine mutant-positive patients at presentation relapsed with the same mutation(s) at the same high level. Four patients had evidence of a change in mutant at relapse. One lost a PEST mutation and became wild-type. Two others lost mutations at relapse but acquired different mutations, despite unchanged T-cell receptor rearrangements, suggesting that the latter event predated the acquisition of the Notch-1 mutation. One relapsed with a secondary T-cell leukemia and different Notch mutation. Conclusions: These results suggest that Notch-1 mutations can sometimes be acquired as secondary events in leukemogenesis and must be used cautiously as solitary minimal residual disease markers.
Differential Calcineurin/NFATc3 Activity Contributes to the <i>I</i> <sub>to</sub> Transmural Gradient in the Mouse Heart
Authors: Charles F. Rossow, Keith W. Dilly, Luis F. Santana
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Kv4 channels are differentially expressed across the mouse left ventricular free wall. Accordingly, the transient outward K+ current (Ito), which is produced by Kv4 channels, is greater in left ventricular epicardial (EPI) than in endocardial (ENDO) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneous Kv4 expression in the heart are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differential [Ca2+]i and calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling in EPI and ENDO cells contributes to the gradient of Ito function in the mouse left ventricle. In support of this hypothesis, we found that [Ca2+]i, calcineurin, and NFAT activity were greater in ENDO than in EPI myocytes. However, the amplitude of Ito was the same in ENDO and EPI cells when [Ca2+]i, calcineurin, and NFAT activity were equalized. Consistent with this, we observed complete loss of Ito and Kv4 heterogeneity in NFATc3-null mice. Interestingly, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, and KChIP2 genes had different apparent thresholds for NFATc3-dependent suppression and were ordered as Kv4.3 approximately KChIP2>Kv4.2. Based on these data, we conclude that calcineurin and NFATc3 constitute a Ca(2+)-driven signaling module that contributes to the nonuniform distribution of Kv4 expression, and hence Ito function, in the mouse left ventricle.
Tolerance to Islet Antigens and Prevention from Diabetes Induced by Limited Apoptosis of Pancreatic β Cells
Authors: Stéphanie Hugues, Evelyne Mougneau, Walter Ferlin, Dirk Jeske, Paul Hofman, Dirk Homann, Lucie Beaudoin, Corinne Schrike, Matthias Von Herrath, Agnès Lehuen, Nicolas Glaichenhaus
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Swimmer's Reverie
Authors: Stanley H. Schuman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 September 1997Swimmer's ReverieStanley H. Schuman, MDStanley H. Schuman, MDMedical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425-2217Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Today my poolBecomes an atlas,A geographyOf scenes,Past and present.The parallel tilesOn the floor of the poolReflect Etruscan symmetry;I am an emperorReclining in my Roman bath.The sunlight tiptoesOn the water's surface, thenDances on the floor of the pool,The fantastic squigglesAnd swirls of lightMake me a caliphReciting prayers from the KoranInscribed on lattice-likeWalls of a castleIn Granada.The crystalline lightSparkles on each of the glassTiles on the windowed wall,Taking me to a NormanCathedral in England,Where I beholdJewels above meIn the spaciousnessOf Gothic piety.Carry me clicking and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425-2217Corresponding Author: Stanley H. Schuman, MD, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425-2217. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1997Volume 127, Issue 6Page: 487-488 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The brain plus the cultural transmission mechanism determine the nature of language
Authors: Kenny Smith, Simon Kirby, Andrew D. M. Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We agree that language adapts to the brain, but we note that language also has to adapt to brain-external constraints, such as those arising from properties of the cultural transmission medium. The hypothesis that Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) raise in the target article not only has profound consequences for our understanding of language, but also for our understanding of the biological evolution of the language faculty.
Construction, Characterization, and Chromosomal Mapping of a Fosmid Library of the White-Cheeked Gibbon (<i>Nomascus Leucogenys</i>)
Authors: Liping Chen, Jianping Ye, Yan Liu, Jinghuan Wang, Weiting Su, Fengtang Yang, Wenhui Nie
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the cloning and sequence characterization of evolutionary chromosomal breakpoints will provide vital insights into the molecular force that has driven such a radical karyotype reshuffle in gibbons. We constructed and characterized a high-quality fosmid library of the white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) containing 192,000 non-redundant clones with an average insert size of 38 kb and 2.5-fold genome coverage. By end sequencing of 100 randomly selected fosmid clones, we generated 196 sequence tags for the library. These end-sequenced fosmid clones were then mapped onto the chromosomes of the white-cheeked gibbon by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and no spurious chimeric clone was detected. BLAST search against the human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the number of chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribution of the fosmid library. The chromosomal distribution of the mapped clones is also consistent with the BLAST search result against human and white-cheeked gibbon genomes. The fosmid library and the mapped clones will serve as a valuable resource for further studying gibbons’ chromosomal rearrangements and the underlying molecular mechanism as well as for comparative genomic study in the lesser apes.
MicroRNA-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing of Sirtuin1 Contributes to Impaired Angiogenic Responses
Authors: Ingo Volkmann, Regalla Kumarswamy, Nils Pfaff, Jan Fiedler, Seema Dangwal, Angelika Holzmann, Sandor Batkai, Robert Geffers, Achim Lother, Lutz Hein, Thomas Thum
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was linked to abnormal vessel function and can mediate impairment of endothelial angiogenic responses. Its effect on microRNAs and downstream targets in this context is not known.To study the role of microRNAs in TGF-β-mediated angiogenic activity.MicroRNA profiling after TGF-β treatment of endothelial cells identified miR-30a-3p, along with other members of the miR-30 family, to be strongly silenced. Supplementation of miR-30a-3p restored function in TGF-β-treated endothelial cells. We identified the epigenetic factor methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) to be a direct and functional target of miR-30a-3p. Viral overexpression of MeCP2 mimicked the effects of TGF-β, suggesting that derepression of MeCP2 after TGF-β treatment may be responsible for impaired angiogenic responses. Silencing of MeCP2 rescued detrimental TGF-β effects on endothelial cells. Microarray transcriptome analysis of MeCP2-overexpressing endothelial cells identified several deregulated genes important for endothelial cell function including sirtuin1 (Sirt1). In vivo experiments using endothelial cell-specific MeCP2 null or Sirt1 transgenic mice confirmed the involvement of MeCP2/Sirt1 in the regulation of angiogenic functions of endothelial cells. Additional experiments identified that MeCP2 inhibited endothelial angiogenic characteristics partly by epigenetic silencing of Sirt1.TGF-β impairs endothelial angiogenic responses partly by downregulating miR-30a-3p and subsequent derepression of MeCP2-mediated epigenetic silencing of Sirt1.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Levels in the Prediction of Congestive Heart Failure Risk in Frail Elderly
Authors: Kenneth M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To develop a noninvasive clinical predictive model for acute congestive heart failure (CHF) in a frail elderly cohort using bedside clinical assessment (medical history and physical examination) and venous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels.One-year prospective blinded cohort study.Life care facility.Three hundred thirty-one frail, elderly volunteers free of acute illness at study entry (mean +/- SD age, 88 +/- 7 years; 23% male, 77% female).Clinical episodes of CHF with confirmation of acute pulmonary edema by chest roentgenogram.Fifteen percent of the elderly cohort developed at least one episode of CHF during the 1-year follow-up period. Those developing CHF had significantly higher mean +/- SE ANP values at study entry: 493 +/- 55 vs 207 +/- 15 pmol/L. The risk for development of CHF rose progressively with increasing ANP levels at study entry. In multivariate analysis, only two independent variables significantly predicted CHF: ANP value greater than 200 pmol/L (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 19.2) and history of CHF in the previous year (adjusted OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.9 to 17). Stratifying the cohort by these two variables results in three CHF risk groups: 55% of the population at 3% annual risk of CHF, 37% of the population at 20% to 24% annual risk of CHF, and 8% of the population at 66% annual risk of CHF.This simple clinical prediction model identifies elderly subjects at risk for CHF and allows appropriate focusing of medical resources for prevention, early detection, and treatment of this highly morbid clinical syndrome.
Canada's health system needs overhaul, say nation's doctors
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Canada's public health system, created in the 1960s, needs to be modernised to expand access and improve patient care, according to Canada's doctors.

The system primarily funds services provided by hospitals and doctors; it pays for 98.7% of doctors' services but only 45.6% of the cost of prescription drugs, according to the Canadian Medical Association. Canadian residents, or their insurance plans, are responsible for paying for other health services, such as crutches for someone who has broken a leg, an ambulance for someone who has had a heart attack, and even …
Preliminary report on use of depot formulation of LHRH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer.
Authors: S R Ahmed, J Grant, S M Shalet, A Howell, S D Chowdhury, T Weatherson, N J Blacklock
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A study was conducted of the response of the pituitary-testicular axis to two different methods of administration of the luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer. The analogue was given by continuous infusion to four previously untreated patients with prostatic cancer for 60 days (group 1). Subsequently a further four patients were given a depot formulation of the same analogue by subcutaneous injection once every 28 days (group 2). Both methods of administration produced similar, successful suppression of luteinising hormone (LH) associated with a reduction of testosterone to castrate concentrations. The median basal testosterone concentrations before treatment in groups 1 and 2 were 20.6 and 14.1 nmol/l (5.94 and 4.07 ng/ml) respectively; these were reduced to 1.4 and 1.1 nmol/l (0.40 and 0.32 ng/ml) within four weeks of the start of treatment. The median basal LH concentration in groups 1 and 2 were 7.9 and 16.6 IU/1 respectively, which were suppressed to 2.6 and 2.4 IU/1 by four weeks. The suppression of LH and testosterone was maintained with continuous subcutaneous infusion for up to 60 days in group 1, and by subsequent injections of the depot every 28 days in group 2. The use of depot preparation of an LHRH analogue to suppress gonadotrophin and sex hormone secretion offers the convenience of once monthly injections when LHRH analogues are required for the long term treatment of elderly patients with prostatic cancer and children with precocious puberty.
The Coexistence of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Sickle Cell-Hemoglobin C Disease
Authors: SHELDON IISKER, DAVID FINKELSTEIN, STANLEY SCHWARTZ, KERIMAN MARULYALI, ANTONIO VALDES-DAPENA
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The clinical and postmortem findings in a case of sickle cell-hemaglobin C disease complicated by acute rheumatic fever with accompanying carditis, and rheumatic pneumonitis are presented and discussed. This is believed to be the first such case reported. The recent literature pertaining to the cardiac manifestations of SS and SC hemoglobinopathies is briefly reviewed. A possible explanation for the failure of the rheumatic process to respond to conventional therapy in our patient is given.
Prevalence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in a Large Inception Cohort of Patients with Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Peter A. Merkel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Two types of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), antiproteinase 3 antibodies (anti-PR3) and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies (anti-MPO), are useful in the diagnosis of such types of vasculitis as Wegener granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Connective tissue diseases frequently appear in the differential diagnosis of this spectrum of vasculitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ANCA in patients with connective tissue disease. Design: Blinded, controlled study of a 5-year inception cohort. Setting: Tertiary-care university teaching hospitals. Patients: 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 45 patients with scleroderma, 36 patients with inflammatory myositis, 44 patients with the Sjogren syndrome, 33 patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome, and 165 patients with early undifferentiated connective tissue disease (EUCTD). Serum was taken from 200 blood donors and 52 patients who had known vasculitis and positive results on tests for anti-PR3 or anti-MPO; these patients served as controls. Measurements: The presence of anti-PR3 and anti-MPO was determined by combining the results of indirect immunofluorescence tests for cytoplasmic (C-ANCA) and perinuclear (P-ANCA) patterns with the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) directed to measure antigen. Results: Cytoplasmic ANCA was not detected in any study or control patient. Perinuclear ANCA was commonly detected among patients with lupus (31%) but was uncommon among patients in other groups (0% to 5%). In all cases, P-ANCA was associated with the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Atypical ANCA immunofluorescence patterns were fairly common in all groups (11% to 39%). Antiproteinase 3 was detected by ELISA in 9 study patients (1 patient with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 with lupus, 1 with polymyositis, and 6 with EUCTD).Antimyeloperoxidase was detected by ELISA in 2 study patients (1 with rheumatoid arthritis and 1 with lupus). None of the patients with positive ELISA results had evidence of renal vasculitis during follow-up. When an ANCA scoring system that combines immunofluorescence and ELISA was used, the test specificity for vasculitis was 99.5% among patients with connective tissue disease. Conclusions: Patients with connective tissue disease are known to develop multiple autoantibodies; positivity for anti-PR3 and anti-MPO ANCA in such patients is rare. Cytoplasmic ANCA immunofluorescence is highly specific for anti-PR3. However, P-ANCA immunofluorescence, which may have positive results because of the presence of antinuclear antibodies, is not a specific marker of anti-MPO. A rigorous ANCA testing system that combines the results of immunofluorescence with those of ELISA is highly specific for Wegener granulomatosis and related vasculitides even in patients with connective tissue disease.
Bell's Palsy — Is Glucocorticoid Treatment Enough?
Authors: Donald H. Gilden, Kenneth L. Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Approximately a third of cases of acute peripheral facial weakness are caused by trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, eclampsia, the Ramsay Hunt syndrome (facial palsy with zoster oticus caused by varicella–zoster virus), Lyme disease, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, parotid gland tumors, and amyloidosis and may even be a complication of intranasal influenza vaccine.1 The remaining two thirds of cases are idiopathic (Bell's palsy).Bell's palsy occurs in 20 to 32 persons per 100,000 per year2,3 and affects both sexes and all ages. Fortunately, most patients with Bell's palsy recover completely, but 20 to 30% may have permanent, disfiguring facial weakness or . . .
Popular Nutritional Practices: A Scientific Appraisal
Authors: C. Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The fundamentals of nutritional biochemistry and physiology are taught in most medical schools. However, rarely (if ever) are medical students prepared for the types of nutritional questions they are likely to encounter once they enter practice. Indeed, colleagues ask frequently: "Are there any books I could read to enable me to respond better to patients' questions regarding diet, vitamin and mineral supplements, and other nutritional health claims?" Until now, there were few books I could recommend enthusiastically. To be sure, there is a wide literature on this subject, although it is somewhat scattered. Those books that deal specifically with food fads and health quackery tend to be adversarial in tone and, therefore, of limited practical value to the clinician who wishes to be effective and not merely "right." Thus, it is a pleasure to welcome this compact but highly useful monograph. The author takes a constructive approach, using a wide
Impact of Noninsulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes on Carotid Wall 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Uptake
Authors: Jan Bucerius, Venkatesh Mani, Colin Moncrieff, James H.F. Rudd, Josef Machac, Valentin Fuster, Michael E. Farkouh, Zahi A. Fayad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and B and lipoprotein (a) abnormalities in men with premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Jacques Genest, Judith R. McNamara, Jose M. Ordovas, Jennifer L. Jenner, Steven R. Silberman, Keaven M. Anderson, Peter W.F. Wilson, Deeb N. Salem, Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Bile acid inhibition of vitamin B12 binding by intrinsic factor in vitro.
Authors: N H Teo, J M Scott, B Reed, G Neale, D G Weir
Journal: Gut (1981)

The effect of conjugated and unconjugated bile acids on the binding of vitamin B12 to intrinsic factor was investigated. The dihydroxy bile acids (deoxycholic, glycodeoxycholic, taurodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, and taurochenodeoxycholic) inhibit the binding of intrinsic factor to vitamin B12 at physiological concentrations. On the other hand, the trihydroxy bile acids (cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic) are not effective in this respect. The inhibition is dependent both on concentration and time, and its pattern is similar to that previously reported for duodenal juice. On column chromatography, there is a close correlation between the degree in intrinsic factor inhibition and the total acid concentration in the duodenal juice. The binding of vitamin B12 by R protein in saliva is not affected by bile acids. The results show that bile acids at concentrations found in duodenal juice inhibit intrinsic factor vitamin B12 binding. It is suggested that this observation may have physiological significance for vitamin B12 absorption.