tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Atropine poisoning.
Authors: M W Carney
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent synthetic agonists of the ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). TZDs were shown to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia by blocking inflammation. As spinal cord injury (SCI) induces massive inflammation that precipitates secondary neuronal death, we currently analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of TZDs pioglitazone and rosiglitazone after SCI in adult rats. Both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (1.5 mg/kg i.p.; four doses at 5 min and 12, 24, and 48 h) significantly decreased the lesion size (by 57 to 68%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), motor neuron loss (by 3- to 10-fold, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), myelin loss (by 66 to 75%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), astrogliosis (by 46 to 61%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and microglial activation (by 59 to 78%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) after SCI. TZDs significantly enhanced the motor function recovery (at 7 days after SCI, the motor scores were 37 to 45% higher in the TZD groups over the vehicle group; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), but the treatment was effective only when the first injection was given by 2 h after SCI. At 28 days after SCI, chronic thermal hyperalgesia was decreased significantly (by 31 to 39%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the pioglitazone group compared with the vehicle group. At 6 h after SCI, the pioglitazone group showed significantly less induction of inflammatory genes [interleukin (IL)-6 by 83%, IL-1β by 87%, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 75%, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 by 84%, and early growth response-1 by 67%] compared with the vehicle group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 in all cases). Pioglitazone also significantly enhanced the post-SCI induction of neuroprotective heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with a PPARγ antagonist, 2-chloro-5-nitro-<i>N</i>-phenyl-benzamide (GW9662), prevented the neuroprotection induced by pioglitazone.
Abstract 2758: Genetic variability in tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK to NNAL metabolism
Authors: Monica Ter-Minassian, Kofi Asomaning, Yang Zhao, Feng Chen, Li Su, Steven G. Carmella, Xihong Lin, Stephen S. Hecht, David C. Christiani
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) NNK metabolites NNAL and NNAL-gluc) together, (total NNAL), have recently been shown to be good predictors of lung cancer risk, years prior to diagnosis. However, the inter-individual variability in the metabolism of NNK evaluated by the total NNAL output could be explained in part by genetic variability in the genes of NNK metabolism. We sought to determine the contribution of several genetic polymorphisms to total NNAL output by a regression analysis of NNAL levels on genotyping results, controlling for measures of smoking, age and sex. Methods: The study subjects were derived from the Harvard/ Massachusetts General Hospital Lung cancer case-control study. We selected 92 subjects (39 lung cancer cases and 53 controls) smokers at time of diagnosis and urine collection (1992-1996). We tested 77 tagging SNPs in 16 genes related to NNK to NNAL metabolism. Using case status as a mediator, we tested for the association of each SNP with square-root (sqrt) transformed NNAL (pmol per mg creatinine), controlling for age, sex, sqrt packyears and sqrt nicotine (ng per mg creatinine). Results: After a sqrt transformation, nicotine significantly predicted a 0.02 (0.015, 0.023) pmol/mg creatinine unit increase in NNAL for every ng/mg creatinine increase in nicotine at p = 2.85E-12. Three HSD11B1 SNPs, located in a 14kb region flanked by rs2235543 and rs3753519 in intron 1, were significantly associated with decreasing NNAL levels. Two of these SNPs, rs2235543 (p = 4.84E-08) and rs3753519 (p = 0.0017), passed multiple testing correction at FDR q value=1.07E-05 and 0.06 respectively. AKR1C4 rs7083869 G&amp;gt;A was also to be significantly associated with decreasing NNAL levels, p=0.019, FDR q=0.48. Conclusions: HSD11B1 and AKR1C4 enzymes are carbonyl reductases directly involved in the single step reduction of NNK to NNAL. The HSD11B1 SNPs may be correlated with the functional variant rs13306401 and the AKR1C4 SNP correlated with the enzyme activity reducing variant rs17134592, L311V. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2758. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2758
Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome – a Variant of Depressive Disorder?
Authors: S. Alfici, M. Sigal, M. Landau
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a form of connective tissue rheumatism, characterized by diffuse chronic pain in periarticular tissue, for which no organic cause can be identified. The present study examined the personal and family history, clinical and psychodynamic features of 40 PFS patients, and compared them to a matched control group of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Depression, either in the past or at present, was seen significantly more often among PFS patients that among controls. Dependence and passivity, idealization of family relationships, obsessive-compulsive personality, maladaptive response to loss, and prepain ergomania were the psychodynamic features characteristic of PFS patients. It is suggested that PFS is a well-defined disorder, in which specific premorbid, familial, and psychodynamic characteristics result in a depressive disorder which takes the form of a physical symptom: pain.
COMPREHENSIVE HEMODYNAMIC COMPARISON AND FREQUENCY OF PATIENT PROSTHESIS MISMATCH BETWEEN THE ST. JUDE MEDICAL EPIC AND TRIFECTA BIOPROSTHETIC AORTIC VALVES
Authors: Ajay Yadlapati, Mary Jo Barnes, Jimmy Diep, Daniel Bethencourt, Gabriel Vorobiof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Origins of the Quality-of-Care Debate
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The current concern about quality of care in the United States is deeply paradoxical in many ways. From a technical and scientific standpoint, the capabilities of the nation's health care system are extraordinary. Decades of biomedical research have culminated in new forms of technology that have greatly improved the health of Americans. Two examples (benefiting very different demographic groups) are neonatal intensive care units and new inpatient treatments for coronary artery disease. Neonatal intensive care units account for a substantial portion of the recent decline in neonatal and infant mortality rates in the United States.1 Improvements in the inpatient care . . .
(40) Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Authors: F.M. Tatnall, M. Stearns, I. Sarkany
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (40) Trigeminal trophic syndrome Get access F.M. Tatnall, F.M. Tatnall Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Stearns, M. Stearns Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Sarkany I. Sarkany Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 86–87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13055.x Published: 01 July 1985
Maturation of the lower oesophageal sphincter in the preterm baby.
Authors: S J Newell, P K Sarkar, G M Durbin, I W Booth, A S McNeish
Journal: Gut (1988)

There are few reported studies of the lower oesophageal sphincter in preterm infants and none has investigated babies of less than 34 weeks gestation. Using a modified manometric technique suitable for use on very low birth weight infants we have measured sphincter pressures on 68 occasions in 25 infants of postconceptional age between 27 and 41 weeks. In even the most preterm infants the lower oesophageal sphincter could be defined. The mean effective sphincter pressure rose from 3.8 mmHg in infants of less than 29 weeks gestation to 18.1 mmHg in the term infant. This rise in effective sphincter pressure correlated well with increasing postconceptional age (r = 0.81). This pattern of maturation in our patients was unaffected by intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal illness, or concurrent xanthine administration.
Quantitative, Noninvasive Imaging of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Wenrong Li, Fang Li, Qian Huang, Jingping Shen, Frank Wolf, Yujun He, Xinjian Liu, Y. Angela Hu, Joel S. Bedford, Chuan-Yuan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are a major form of DNA damage and a key mechanism through which radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutic agents kill cancer cells. Despite its importance, measuring DNA DSBs is still a tedious task that is normally carried out by gel electrophoresis or immunofluorescence staining. Here, we report a novel approach to image and quantify DSBs in live mammalian cells through bifragment luciferase reconstitution. N- and C-terminal fragments of firefly luciferase genes were fused with H2AX and MDC1 genes, respectively. Our strategy was based on the established fact that at the sites of DSBs, H2AX protein is phosphoryated and physically associates with the MDC1 protein, thus bringing together N- and C-luciferase fragments and reconstituting luciferase activity. Our strategy allowed serial, noninvasive quantification of DSBs in cells irradiated with X-rays and (56)Fe ions. Furthermore, it allowed for the evaluation of DSBs noninvasively in vivo in irradiated tumors over 2 weeks. Surprisingly, we detected a second wave of DSB induction in irradiated tumor cells days after radiation exposure in addition to the initial rapid induction of DSBs. We conclude that our new split-luciferase-based method for imaging γ-H2AX-MDC1 interaction is a powerful new tool to study DSB repair kinetics in vivo with considerable advantage for experiments requiring observations over an extended period of time.
Antigen-primed splenic CD8+ T cells impede the development of oral antigen–induced allergic diarrhea
Authors: Akiko Yamada, Yusei Ohshima, Motoko Yasutomi, Kazumasa Ogura, Shuko Tokuriki, Hironobu Naiki, Mitsufumi Mayumi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor FLT-1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Nan Hee Kim, Jeong Heon Oh, Ji A. Seo, Kye Won Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Young Sun Kang, Sang Youb Han, Kum Hyun Han, Yi Hwa Ji, Dae Ryong Cha
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Promotion of Research on Deafness
Authors: G. E. Godber
Journal: BMJ (1973)

were disappointed that one of the first pro- tagonists of active management had not taken the opportunity to eamine this Question more closely.kt would be interesting to ca~are fetal heart rate changes, scalp blood samples, incidence of caesarean section for fetal distress, condition of the fetus at birth, perinatal mortality, and the resuts of an early neurological and developmental assessment on all babies in a grup of mothers and fetuses given oxytocin with a matched group before the policy of active management was insituted.In the context of infection we were suirprised that in 63 patients 24 hours were allowed to elapse after amniotcmny before giving oxytocin,2 particularly as one baby was lost from infection in the induction of labour group.We agree with Professor O'Driscoli that active management of labour is a logical ex- tension of modern techniques, but we feel that the indications for intervention in labour might be better defined if the above data were availale.-Weare, etc.,
THE RESEARCH TEAM CONCEPT AND THE CULTURAL PATTERN OF SCIENCE
Authors: JOHN H. ROHRER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. The most important cultural influence affecting research methods used to study human social behavior is the cultural pattern labeled science. 2. One essential aspect of this culture pattern called science is theory. Failure to keep explicit the theoretical framework within which one works makes more probable the development of distorted perceptions and resulting erroneous beliefs as to the nature of the scientific description being attempted. 3. There are several distinctive, but equally valid, levels at which scientific descriptions can be made. The "truth" of statements, made at any of these descriptive levels, is given solely by the accuracy and consistency with which they describe the phenomena under question. 4. The problem of understanding the relations holding between variables under study is complicated when these distinctive levels, as such, are not recognized. 5. Successful attempts to interrelate the findings made at various scientific descriptive levels are dependent upon the use of coordinating definitions between levels. This fact is most important since its recognition may eliminate many of the misunderstandings and complications in communicating between the members of the various disciplines represented. 6. Variables that are independent and manipulated at one level may become, when introduced at another level, dependent variables. In a discussion between members of various disciplines, each should make explicit the status of the variables at their level of description and the coordinating definitions that relate their variables to variables at other levels of descriptions if they are to achieve effective communication between workers in the various disciplines. 7. The primary interaction task of the research team is to work out multidisciplinary coordinating definitions that provide explicit ways of integrating the knowledge obtained at different descriptive levels for purposes of describing human behavior more completely.
Psychiatric symptoms during the post-partum period as related to use of oral contraceptives.
Authors: A. Nilsson, P. E. Almgren
Journal: BMJ (1968)

This report part of a comprehensive study of psychiatric and social adaptation of 165 women during pregnancy and the postpartum period presents the results of a comparison of 54 women who were prescribed an oral contraceptive in the  postpartum period with 104 who used more conventional techniques.  The women are representative of those confined at the University Hospital of Lund.  The psychiatric symptoms established on the basis of subjective reports given by the women included 1) neurasthenic symptoms such as increased fatigability increased emotional lability and irritability; 2)depression symptoms such as  feelings of inferiority and lack of initiative; and 3) anxiety symptoms such as fear palpitations and tension.  There was no difference between the groups before and during pregnancy.  During the postpartum period there was a significantly higher frequency of psychiatric symptoms in the group taking the pill.  The overrepresentation of women with neurasthenic and depressive symptoms in the oral contraception group was 18.3% and 15.3% respectively.  There were no differences between the 2 groups regarding anxiety symptoms.  In sexual adaptation there was a greater tendency for greater fluctuation in the pill group toward both improvement and impairment.  Pill takers also had a greater tendency to gain weight.
Elevation of Systemic Oxygen Delivery in the Treatment of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Michelle A. Hayes, Andrew C. Timmins, Ernest Yau, Mark Palazzo, Charles J. Hinds, David Watson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery and consumption has been associated with an improved outcome in critically ill patients. We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether boosting oxygen delivery by infusing the inotropic agent dobutamine would improve the outcome in a diverse group of such patients.
Effects of minoxidil on hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: J A Franciosa, J N Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Vasodilators used in chronic congestive heart failure are not optimal in that nitrates are predominant venodilators, prazosin is associated with tolerance development, and hydralazine produces chronic toxicity. Therefore, we studied the acute hemodynamic effects of a single dose of minoxidil in 18 patients with chronic left ventricular failure caused by ischemic or primary cardiomyopathy. Peak effects were observed 5 hours after single oral doses of minoxidil, averaging 15.3 +/- 1.4 mg (SEM). Heart rate rose slightly, from 85.4 +/- 2.9 to 90.9 +/- 3.2 beats/min, after minoxidil (p less than 0.02) and mean arterial pressure fell slightly, from 88.0 +/- 2.3 to 84.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Cardiac index increased from 2.34 +/- 0.l4 to 2.95 +/- 0.29 l/min/m2 after minoxidil (p less than 0.02) and systemic vascular resistance fell from 19.6 +/- 1.5 to 15.0 +/- 1.3 units (p less than 0.01). Minoxidil did not affect right atrial, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures. Hemodynamic effects of minoxidil persisted for at least 8 hours after a single dose. Minoxidil appears to be an effective arterial dilating agent in patients with heart failure and resembles hydralazine in its actions. Because of its potency, prolonged duration of action and relatively low toxicity, minoxidil may be a useful vasodilator for heart failure. However, its long-term effect must be further evaluated.
Effects of Surgery Under General Anaesthesia on the Electrocardiogram in Ischaemic Heart Disease and Hypertension
Authors: D. A. Chamberlain, J. Edmonds-Seal
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Eighty-one psychotic (" endogenous ") depressions were studied to determine the mode of onset of the symptoms, using a graphic method.Four patterns emerged from this investiga- tion: (1) sudden onset (1 1); (2) gradual onset (50) ; (3) neurotic onset (14) ; and (4) fluctuating onset (6).Groups 1, 2, and 3 were examined further to see if other differences could be found.The results seemed to indicate that group 1 (sudden onset) comprised illnesses that were separate and distinct from those of groups 2 and 3, corre- sponded to the depressed phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and were truly endogenous; while the depressions of groups 2 and 3 were mainly exogenous, and, though probably related to each other, showed different responses to antidepressive drugs, group 2 responding more consistently.A classification of psychotic depressive illnesses, based on the evidence presented, is set out. I am grateful to
Greek Yes!—Latin No!
Authors: Harold B. Anstall
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With reference to the J.A.M.A. (176:220 [Ap. 22] 1961) I would, with respect, draw to your attention the Editorial "Onychial Semantics." While it may be owned that, in the main, this commentary is laudable in its interpretation of the bastard Greek words descriptive of various disorders of the nails, at one point it shows forth a mighty weakness—its Achilles' heel—into which I cannot resist to fire the fatal bolt. May I quote: "... and onychophagia. With only a smattering of Latin, one might suspect that the latter term connotes biting of the nails." <i>Really, Sir</i>! May I point out that the Latin word for "a nail" is "unguis" (3rd declension masculine noun) and "to bite the nails" is "<i>Rodere ungues</i>." For example, the agonies of literary composition can be summed up in the following line: "<i>ille in versu faciendo saepe caput scaberet vivas et roderet ungues.</i>" It would
Doctor-population ratio grows in UK but is still short of that in France and Germany
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Graduates from some UK medical schools consistently perform better than others in postgraduate medical exams, says a study published this week.The authors say that their finding supports the introduction of a national licensing examination for doctors.The study retrospectively analysed the performance from 2003 to 2005 of 5827 doctors from 19 UK medical schools in one or more of the three examinations required for membership of the Royal College of Physicians.This is an international postgraduate assessment that is important for career progression and is attempted by about 30% of all UK medical graduates.The research group looked at performance in parts 1 and 2 of the written examination, which are multiple choice assessments, and in part 2 of the practical examination of clinical assessment skills (PACES), which uses real and simulated patients to test clinical examination and communication skills.A further analysis involved data on performance in the part 1 examination over a much longer timeframe, from 1989 to 2002.The results showed that graduates from Oxford, Cambridge, and Newcastle upon Tyne performed significantly better than average in part 1 and part 2 of the written examination (BMC Medicine 2008;6:5).Those from Liverpool, Dundee, Belfast, and Aberdeen showed significantly below average performance.Ninety one per cent of Oxford students, 76% from Cambridge, and 67% from Newcastle passed part 1 at their first attempt, whereas the figures were 32% for Liverpool, 38% for Dundee, 37% for Belfast, and 41% for Aberdeen.The overall relation between medical school and exam performance was highly significant (χ 2 =300, df=6, P<0.001).About 60% of the variance between medical schools was explained by differences in pre-admission qualifications (according to number of points gained, but not subjects taken, in A level examinations or in the Scottish highers).However, the remaining portion of the variance was still significant. Doctors from different schools vary in later postgraduate examsUK NEWS BMA advises GPs on longer opening hours, p 351 World NEWS Inquiry finds scientists collaborated with Nazis, p 353 bmj.comCharity is set up to improve adolescents' health care newS
Time in Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jocelyn Berdowski, Monique ten Haaf, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Fred W. Chapman, Rudolph W. Koster
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Current resuscitation guidelines (2005 guidelines [G2005]) accelerate ventricular fibrillation (VF) recurrence. We investigated whether patients resuscitated under G2005 spend more time in VF and have better survival rates than patients treated under the 2000 guidelines (G2000). Methods and Results— We analyzed continuous ECG recordings of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests prospectively collected from January 2006 to January 2008. Patients treated according to G2000 (n=282) or G2005 (n=240) with VF as initial rhythm were included. We measured the total time a patient was in recurrent VF (the sum of all intervals from each onset of recurrent VF to each next successful shock) and the time a patient was in initial VF (time interval from rescuer arrival to first effective shock). The primary outcome measure was neurologically intact survival to discharge. The median time in recurrent VF was 2.7 minutes (quartile 1 to 3, 0.4 to 9.0 minutes) under G2000 versus 4.0 minutes (quartile 1 to 3, 0.2 to 11.6 minutes) under G2005 ( P =0.03). Median time in initial VF was 2.7 minutes (quartile 1 to 3, 1.7 to 4.3 minutes) versus 3.9 minutes (quartile 1 to 3, 2.3 to 6.5 minutes), respectively ( P &lt;0.001). Increased time in recurrent VF was significantly associated with decreased neurologically intact survival in both G2000 use (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.97; P =0.001) and G2005 use (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.99; P =0.02). Neurologically intact survival decreased significantly with increasing time in initial VF under G2000 (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.99; P =0.04). This observation was nonexistent in patients treated under G2005. Neurologically intact survival was 29% (82 of 282) under G2000 versus 27% (65 of 240) under G2005 ( P =0.61). Conclusions— With G2005, the time in recurrent VF remains associated with worse outcome. Studies of immediate defibrillation for recurrent VF are warranted.