tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NATIONAL FORMULARY.Read by invitation in the Section on Materia Medica and Pharmacy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: C. LEWIS DIEHL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

"As the practice of pharmacy can only become uniform by an open and candid intercourse being kept up between apothecaries and druggists among themselves and each other; by the adoption of the "National Pharmacopœia" as a guide in the preparation of officinal medicines; by the discontinuance of secret formulæ and the practices arising from a quackish spirit, and by the encouragement of that esprit du corps which will prevent a resort to those disreputable practices arising out of an injurious and wicked competition; therefore, the members of this Association agree to uphold the use of the "Pharmacopœia" in their practice, to cultivate brotherly feeling among the members, and to discountenance quackery and dishonorable competition in their business." Thus, Article I of a Code of Ethics adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association at the meeting of its organization in 1852. Forty-one years have passed, and but very few of the members
Universal screening for biliary atresia using an infant stool color card in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng‐Hui Hsiao, Mei‐Hwei Chang, Huey‐Ling Chen, Hung‐Chang Lee, Tzee‐Chung Wu, Chieh‐Chung Lin, Yao‐Jong Yang, An‐Chyi Chen, Mao‐Meng Tiao, Beng‐Huat Lau, Chia‐Hsiang Chu, Ming‐Wei Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Biliary atresia is the most common cause of death from liver disease in children. Although the Kasai operation before 60 days of age can significantly improve prognosis, delay in referral and surgery remains a formidable problem worldwide because of difficulties in differentiating it from benign prolonged neonatal jaundice. We established a universal screening system using an infant stool color card to promote the early diagnosis and treatment of biliary atresia. After a pilot regional study in 2002–2003, a national stool color screening system was established by integrating the infant stool color card into the child health booklet given to every neonate in Taiwan since 2004. Within 24 hours of the discovery of an abnormal stool color, this event is reported to the registry center. The annual incidence of biliary atresia per 10,000 live births in 2004 and 2005 was 1.85 (40/216,419) and 1.70 (35/205,854), respectively. The sensitivity of detecting biliary atresia using stool cards before 60 days of age was 72.5% in 2004, which improved to 97.1% in 2005. The national rate of the Kasai operation before 60 days of age increased from 60% in 2004 to 74.3% in 2005. The jaundice-free rate (<2 mg/dL) at 3 months after the Kasai operation among infants with biliary atresia in 2004–2005 was 59.5% (44 of 74), significantly higher than the historical data of 37.0% in 1976–2000 before the stool card screening program (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Universal screening using the stool color cards can enhance earlier referral, which may ultimately lead to timely performance of the Kasai operation and better postoperative outcome in infants with biliary atresia. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Practice based, longitudinal, qualitative interview study of computerised evidence based guidelines in primary care
Authors: N. Rousseau
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To understand the factors influencing the adoption of a computerised clinical decision support system for two chronic diseases in general practice.Practice based, longitudinal, qualitative interview study.Five general practices in north east England.13 respondents (two practice managers, three nurses, and eight general practitioners) gave a total of 19 semistructured interviews. 40 people in practices included in the randomised controlled trial (34 doctors, three nurses) and interview study (three doctors, one previously interviewed) gave feedback.Negative comments about the decision support system significantly outweighed the positive or neutral comments. Three main areas of concern among clinicians emerged: timing of the guideline trigger, ease of use of the system, and helpfulness of the content. Respondents did not feel that the system fitted well within the general practice context. Experience of "on-demand" information sources, which were generally more positively viewed, informed the comments about the system. Some general practitioners suggested that nurses might find the guideline content more clinically useful and might be more prepared to use a computerised decision support system, but lack of feedback from nurses who had experienced the system limited the ability to assess this.Significant barriers exist to the use of complex clinical decision support systems for chronic disease by general practitioners. Key issues include the relevance and accuracy of messages and the flexibility to respond to other factors influencing decision making in primary care.
Clinical utility of an interferon-?-based assay for mycobacterial detection in papulonecrotic tuberculid
Authors: R. Tanaka, H. Matsuura, Y. Kobashi, W. Fujimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Clinical utility of an interferon‐γ‐based assay for mycobacterial detection in papulonecrotic tuberculid Get access R. Tanaka, R. Tanaka Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki‐shi, Okayama 701‐0192, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Matsuura, H. Matsuura Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki‐shi, Okayama 701‐0192, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Kobashi, Y. Kobashi Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki‐shi, Okayama 701‐0192, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Fujimoto W. Fujimoto Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki‐shi, Okayama 701‐0192, Japan Correspondence: W. Fujimoto. E‐mail: watarufu@med.kawasaki‐m.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 169–171, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07563.x Published: 01 January 2007
Case of Foetal Anaemia Due to Transplacental Bleeding Seen in General Practice
Authors: N. L. Paros
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Broadly speaking, diabetics may belong to the entirely insulin-deficient group, in which the onset is usually before maturity, or to a group in which insulin might be sufficient but becomes ineffecive owing to the excess of any of a number of hyperglyiemic factors (pituitary, adrenal, glucagon) or to deftctive storage or release of liver glycogen.Tropical diabetes appears to be related to liver condi- tions that disturb the storage and release mechanism of glycogen.Summary The pattern of diabetes mellitus in East Pakistan is shown, based on the study of 894 cases in the Medical Research Centre under the auspices of the Pakistan Medical Research Council and the Diabetic Association of Pakistan.They are classified into " tropical diabetes," type 1 and type 2 of Lawrence, and type J of Hugh- Jones.The characteristic features of tropical diabetes, such as infrequency of ketonuria, acidosis, rarity of diabetic coma, and effective therapeutic response with oral hypoglycaemic tablets, are stressed.Relevant literature on diabetes is reviewed and the present consceptions regarding its aetiology and pathogenesis are considered.Diabetes is due either to insulin deficiency or insulin ineffectiveness as a result of overactivity of hyperglycaemic factors such as pituitary, adrenal, and glucagon.It may also be due to obesity and defective storage and release mechanism of liver glycogen.Although biological assay of insulin has not been done, clinical and therapeutic evidence suggests that " tropical diabetes'" does not belong to the group entirely deficient in insulin, and that insulin ineffectiveness seems to be related to liver disease due to dietetic, hygienic, or ecological factors.Tropical diabetes may thus be caused by a defect in the storage or release of liver glycogen rather than deficient secretion of insulin.The need for properly controlled and well-organized research on these diabetics is stressed.
Authors' reply to Scheffel and Schaan
Authors: A. Tsapas, T. Karagiannis, P. Paschos, K. Paletas, D. R. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We appreciate Scheffel and Schaan’s response to our systematic review.1 2 Our meta-analysis provides evidence that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are indeed inferior to metformin and GLP-1 agonists on the primary endpoint of change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). However, we do not agree with their interpretation of …
Abstract 1100: RNA aptamers as highly specific inhibitors of three human RTKs including Axl, EGFR and PDGFR
Authors: Carla Lucia Esposito, Simona Camorani, Margherita Iaboni, Gerolama Condorelli, Vittorio de Franciscis, Laura Cerchia
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity to specific protein or non-protein targets by folding into complex tertiary structures. They have proven useful as reagents for identifying cell surface proteins and for cell typing. Further, their high specificity and low toxicity render them a valid alternative to antibodies for in vivo targeted recognition as therapeutics or delivery agents for nanoparticles, small interfering RNAs, chemotherapeutics and molecular imaging probes. We have generated aptamers as biologically active ligands for cancer cell surface proteins. The approach has been applied to different tumor systems with the generation of different 2′fluoro-pyrimidines containing RNA aptamers that specifically bind to the ectodomain of human receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Three of these aptamers (named GL21, CL4 and M4) bind at high affinity and high specificity to Axl, EGFR and PDGFR, respectively. Following binding, the aptamers hamper ligand-dependent receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation. All the selected aptamers bind to the correspondent protein target with Kd values in the order of 10 nM and show excellent correlation between cell surface binding and the expression of the target on the cell surface. The anti-Axl GL21 aptamer strongly inhibits cell migration and invasion in vitro, reduces the number of colonies in soft agar colony formation assay and interferes with spheroid formation by malignant glioma U87MG cells. Furthermore, it strongly inhibits tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human cancer. The anti-EGFR CL4 aptamer strongly induces apoptosis of EGFR-positive cells and at low doses it works even on cells that are resistant to the most frequently used EGFR-inhibitors, as gefitinib and cetuximab. In addition, the combined treatment of cetuximab with the aptamer shows clear synergy in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that GL21 and M4 aptamer not only bind to Axl and PDGFR, respectively, but also internalize within the target cell thus they can be used as cargoes for tissue specific internalization. The generation of RNA-chimeras (aptamer/miRNA) is on going in our laboratory. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1100. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1100
Effect of gastric secretory inhibitors on the gastric mucosal barrier.
Authors: P E O'Brien, D C Carter
Journal: Gut (1975)

The effects of the synthetic prostaglandin 16, 16 dimethyl-E2 methyl ester (16-diMe-PGE2) and the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide on the gastric mucosal barrier have been studied using the Heidenhain pouch dog model. The 16-diMe-PGE2 caused significant change in the ionic permeability of the mucosa when instilled into the pouch in a concentration of 300 mug/20 ml. Intravenous administration of 16-diMe-PGE2 did not alter the barrier nor did it alter the response of the mucosa to sodium taurocholate. Metiamide given into the pouch did not affect the mucosa barrier and the response to taurocholate was not affected when metiamide was given locally or intravenously.
Bush plans to screen whole US population for mental illness: An unlikely public healthcare initiative
Authors: John R Broomfield
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The news that Bush plans to screen the whole US population for mental illness was not reported in the United States [by 24 June].1 Even if true, with more than 40 million of the US population uninsured for health care, this initiative is unlikely to materialise into anything as scary or brilliant, depending on your political viewpoint.
Why Are Benzodiazepines Not Yet Controlled Substances?
Authors: Nicholas Moore, Antoine Pariente, Bernard Bégaud
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Federal Bodysnatchers and the New Guinea Virus: Tales of Parasites, People, and Politics
Authors: S. A Pai
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Among the many hopelessly wrong medical predictions that the experts have made, perhaps the most off the mark was the comment by the US surgeon general, Walter Stewart, in 1967 when he stated that “medicine was conquering infectious diseases.” We are well into the AIDS era and now also in the time of SARS, and clearly infectious diseases have not been conquered. Many have asked how the experts could get their forecasts so wrong. Robert Desowitz also investigates why the predictions went awry and what possible solutions there are …
Abstract 2269: Combination of erlotinib and epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through posttranslational regulation of Bim and Bcl-2
Authors: Abedul Haque, Mohammad A. Rahman, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Effective chemopreventive strategies could save millions of lives. We have previously reported that the combination of the EGFR-TKI erlotinib and the green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibited synergistic chemopreventive effects in head and neck cancers by inducing the expression of Bim, p21, p27, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and expression of Bcl-2. In the current study, we further investigated the mechanism of regulation of Bim, Bcl-2, p21 and p27, and their role in apoptosis. Methods: Well characterized and genetically validated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines were used throughout the study. Annexin V staining was conducted for apoptosis assay. Expression of mRNAs and proteins were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Gene overexpression and knockdown strategies were used to activate or shut down the expression of specific proteins. Results: siRNA-mediated silencing of Bim significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by the combination of erlotinib and EGCG (p=). On the other hand, overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly protected cells from apoptosis (p=), whereas overexpression of constitutively AKT had minimal effect on apoptosis (actual values). Analysis of mRNA expression by RT-PCR revealed that neither erlotinib, EGCG nor their combination had any significant effects on the mRNA expression of Bim, p21, p27 or Bcl-2, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of Bim, p21, p27 and Bcl-2 by the combination of erlotinib and EGCG. Furthermore, we found that erlotinib or the combination of EGCG and erlotinib inhibited the phosphorylation of Bim, and that inhibition of protein translation by cycloheximide pretreatment stabilized Bim, suggesting posttranslational regulation of Bim. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that the combination of erlotinib and EGCG induces apoptosis of SCCHN cells by regulating Bim and Bcl-2 at the post-translational level. Currently, a clinical trial is underway at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University to inhibit or reverse the progression of oral premalignant lesions using this combination. (This study is supported by R03CA159369, P50CA128613 and Robbins Scholar Award of Winship Cancer Institute). Citation Format: Abedul Haque, Mohammad A. Rahman, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin. Combination of erlotinib and epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through posttranslational regulation of Bim and Bcl-2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2269
Salt Intake Is Related to the Process of Myocardial Hypertrophy in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  New evidence relating sodium intake to blood pressure comes from the Intersalt Cooperative Research Group study. 1 The Intersalt study found significant positive relations between daily urinary sodium excretion and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In addition to its impact on blood pressure, salt intake appeared to modulate the process of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension independently of the increased pressure load in the left ventricle. 2-5 Animal studies disclosed that high sodium intake resulted in a blood pressure— independent increase in heart weight 2 and, vice versa, sodium restriction led to a significant reduction of relative heart weight, although hypertension was not reversed. 3 Clinical studies that evaluated determinants of the degree of structural cardiac adaptation in essential hypertension identified salt intake as a modifying factor of left ventricular hypertrophy. 4,5   The diversity of patients, however, revealing differences in sex, age, race, weight, and
Comparison of resection and ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A cohort study based on a Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Norihiro Kokudo, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Namiki Izumi, Takafumi Ichida, Masatoshi Kudo, Yonson Ku, Michiie Sakamoto, Osamu Nakashima, Osamu Matsui, Yutaka Matsuyama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Use of oestrogen replacement therapy in high risk groups in the United Kingdom.
Authors: T. D. Spector
Journal: BMJ (1989)

saline and ipratropium bromide. There was no change in specific conductance after nebulised normal saline. In the group as a whole there was a significant decrease in specific conductance at one minute after nebulisation of the ipratropium bromide (from a mean of 0-083/cmH20/s to 0-066/cmH2O/s; p<0 05). Twenty minutes after nebulisation of ipratropium bromide specific conductance was significantly greater (0 11 cm H20/s) than baseline values (p<005). The osmolality of nebulised normal saline changed from 280 to 320 mmol/kg during nebulisation and that of the nebulised ipratropium bromide from 285 to 318 mmol/kg. There was no change in the pH of the solutions with nebulisation.
Soap opera Episode 1: The body in the evidence base room
Authors: Nicola Sharp
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Since the last issue of Student BMJ, BMJ Careers has launched a soap opera. It is now up to episode 7, but you can read the first instalment here, but catch up with the rest and read it every week at bmjcareers.com

“There are cockroaches in the kitchens, dirty dressings in the theatre, and a body in the evidence base room,” said the man from the CHI.

“It's probably Bob the librarian having his afternoon nap,” said Martha Millstone, medical director, consultant surgeon, mother of two, and general gofer.

“A dead body,” said the man from the CHI.

“We have a very small mortuary,” said Martha, “although when it overflows we usually use the chapel of rest.”

“A dead body,” repeated the man from the CHI, “by the cupboard where the audit reports should have been filed.”

That Monday, reflected Martha, had started much as any other Monday. She awoke at 5 am. Her husband, Dr David Millstone, clinical director and consultant psychiatrist, snored on. Martha looked at the top of his head. The balder he got the closer he shaved his hair. To Martha anything other than general surgery indicated a feeble mind, a failure of spirit. It was a source of continual embarrassment to her that, not only was her husband a …
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF MACROPHAGE RNA-ANTIGEN COMPLEXES AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO IMMUNE INDUCTION
Authors: Georges E. Roelants, Joel W. Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

10 different compounds, including natural and synthetic polypeptides, proteins, polysaccharides, amino acids, and steroid hormones, were assayed for their capacity to form complexes with peritoneal exudate cell RNA. Only molecules carrying negatively charged groups were able to do so. The formation of RNA-antigen complexes was unrelated to the immuno-potency of the "antigen," was not an enzyme-dependent reaction, did not require the synthesis of RNA following introduction of the antigen, did not seem to involve antigen-specific RNAs, was not specific for macrophages, since HeLa cells could be used as effectively, and occurred when purified RNA was mixed with antigen only in the presence of divalent cations. The complexes were very stable, once formed, but could be dissociated by exhaustive dialysis against buffers containing a chelating agent. The macrophage RNA-antigen complex therefore appears to be a chelate between anionic groups on the two components. Based on the total absence of a relationship between immunogenicity and the capacity to form such complexes, as well as the nonspecific nature of complex formation at every level examined, it appears unlikely that RNA-antigen complexes play a physiologically significant role in immune induction.