tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4464: Genetic variants at chromosome 8q24, colorectal epithelial cell proliferation, and risk for incident, sporadic colorectal adenomas
Authors: Baiyu Yang, Bharat Thyagarajan, Myron D. Gross, Michael Goodman, Yan V. Sun, Roberd M. Bostick
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Three polymorphic sites at chromosome 8q24 (rs7837328, rs10808555, and rs6983267) have been associated with risk for colorectal adenomas. It was also previously reported that the rs6983267 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may enhance Wnt signaling, which regulates cell proliferation. To investigate associations between the 8q24 variants and colorectal epithelial cell proliferation in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa, as well as risk for colorectal adenoma, we analyzed data from a previously conducted pilot, colonoscopy-based case-control study of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma among the White participants (n = 90 cases, 132 controls). Proliferation was measured in biopsies of the normal-appearing mucosa of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and cecum using immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and calculated as a labeling index averaged across all three colorectal sites. Each SNP was associated with risk for colorectal adenoma in the same direction as previously reported; the odds ratios (ORs) for those homozygous for the rs7837328, rs10808555, and rs6983267 risk alleles relative to those heterozygous or homozygous for the non-risk alleles combined were, respectively, 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-3.97), 2.37 (CI 0.97-5.76), and 1.55 (CI 0.86-2.79). Colorectal epithelial cell proliferation tended to be higher among those homozygous for the risk alleles (alleles A, G, and G for SNPs rs7837328, rs10808555, and rs6983267, respectively) compared to those heterozygous or homozygous for the non-risk alleles combined; in the cases and controls combined, for those with the rs7837328 AA genotype proliferation was 6.7% higher (p = 0.40), for those with the rs10808555 GG genotype it was 16.5% higher (p = 0.12), and for those with the rs6983267 GG genotype it was 1.2% higher (p = 0.87). These preliminary findings, which are consistent with previously reported direct associations between genetic variants at chromosome 8q24 and risk for colorectal adenoma, suggest that the genetic variants may also be associated with higher levels of colorectal epithelial cell proliferation in humans, thus providing support for the hypothesis that 8q24 variants may increase risk via enhanced Wnt signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4464. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4464
The Function of a Suburban Hospital in Civil Defense
Authors: Sidney C. Dalrymple, Francis C. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE implementation of civil-defense training programs is not progressing with rapidity. Bradford's remarks on this subject1 appear plausible. He stated, "The obstacle is the basic belief that it won't happen to us." One has but to recall Pearl Harbor to realize that it may happen at any time and in any place. That thought is being given to the problem, however, and progress is being made, are indicated in later reports.2 , 3 Various estimates have been made of the number of casualties to be expected from an atomic-bomb attack. The number of bombs dropped upon a single city will determine largely . . .
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Alan Marty
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the past, physicians have rarely evaluated with understanding and treated with confidence and success lower-esophageal disease. It is therefore refreshing to see that a rational approach to this problem can be achieved. In this book, for example, three surgeons, two internists, two pathologists, and two radiologists reach surprising agreement concerning the overall approach to patients with gastroesophageal reflux, with or without hiatal hernia. Even the controversy regarding abdominal versus thoracic surgical repair is played down, although not completely eliminated, as the specific indications for each approach are made clear. The unifying theme is that the gastroesophageal reflux is the most significant problem—not the presence of the hernia. Thus, the chapter on radiography emphasizes the demonstration of reflux and the functional abnormalities induced when acidified barium contacts esophageal mucosa presensitized by reflux. The usefulness of manometry and of acid-clearing tests and the like also boils down to the accuracy with
Sustained Oscillations of Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin from the Isolated Canine Pancreas during Exposure to a Constant Glucose Concentration
Authors: John I. Stagner, Ellis Samols, Gordon C. Weir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Canine pancreata were perfused in vitro to examine whether hormone cycles could be demonstrated without hepatic or central nervous influence. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin demonstrated regular sustained cyclic secretion from the in vitro canine pancreas. Oscillations were noted for over 200 min during the infusion of a constant glucose concentration. Insulin demonstrated a 10-min period with a range of 8-12 min/cycle. Somatostatin had a 10-min period with a range of 8-11 min. Glucagon had a period of 8.6 min with range of 6-10 min. These periods do not allow glucagon to be consistently 90 degrees out of phase with insulin and somatostatin. When glucose was increased from 88 to 200 mg/dl, insulin cycles persisted but on an elevated base line, demonstrating that cycles react to glucose changes but are not dependent upon them. Cycles were disrupted by infusions of dopamine, apomorphine, epinephrine, and acetylcholine, but were reestablished. Autonomic blockade by both single and combined infusions of atropine (cholinergic), propranolol, and dibenzyline (adrenergic) had no effect on cycles. These results suggest that, in vitro, there is an intrinsic rhythm of hormone secretion by the pancreas despite a constant glucose level. The production of in vitro cycles requires the presence of a driving oscillator or pacemaker within the pancreas and the coordination of islets by pace-maker-islet communication, presumably by a non-adrenergic neural system. In vitro oscillations may Indicate that the pancreas is the driver or Zeitgeber of in vivo glucose-insulin cycles.
Incidental video-capsule diagnosis of small-bowel Taenia saginata in a patient with recurrent hemorrage due to angiodysplasias
Authors: H. Martines, E. Fanciulli, G. Menardo
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 75-year-old countryman came to our attention because of persistent iron deficiency anemia that had lasted for a few months. He had previously undergone several diagnostic examinations, including upper endoscopy and colonoscopy, but no cause of chronic hemorrhage had been detected. Intravenous iron supplementation led to improvement of his hematological parameters but recurrent sideropenia was found at follow-up. Following a popularly held belief, he was encouraged to eat raw meat in order to increase his iron intake.
Approach to Assessment of Risk Factors in Mild Hypertension
Authors: K. L. Stuart, P. Desai, A. Lalsingh
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Criteria are urgently needed for the early detection of subjects with only mildly raised blood pressure who may be at high risk of developing the complications of hypertension. As a step towards the establishment of such criteria we have examined the association of certain possible “risk” factors—namely, x-ray evidence of cardiac enlargement, high serum cholesterol levels, effort pain, E.C.G. abnormalities, and high systolic blood pressure—with fatal or morbid endpoints in a five-year follow-up study of subjects whose diastolic pressure had been found initially to be between 95 and 114 mm Hg. The index group consisted of 22 patients in whom these end-points occurred. They comprised death from cardiovascular disease, clinical or E.C.G. deterioration, and either an increase in diastolic pressure of at least 10 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 115 mm Hg or both. The control group consisted of 22 subjects chosen at random from other respondents with the same range of diastolic pressures and the same age and sex distribution. “Any two or more” of the possible risk factors examined were found to occur significantly more often in the index group than in the controls, suggesting a possible approach to the early detection of high-risk subjects. The value of longterm studies along these lines and the urgent need for them are emphasized.
A clinical and therapeutic study of 29 patients with infantile acne
Authors: W.J. Cunliffe, S.E. Baron, I.H. Coulson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Infantile acne is a relatively uncommon condition; there are few data in the literature on the optimum treatment for this disorder.To review treatment results in infantile acne.We performed a retrospective review of 29 patients (24 boys and five girls) treated over a 25-year period.The age at onset was 6-16 months (median 9). The acne was mild in 24%, moderate in 62% and severe in 14%. The type of acne was predominantly inflammatory (59%), but was comedonal in 17%, showed a mixed pattern in 17% and was nodular in 7%. No infants had any clinically obvious endocrinopathy. Patients with mild acne responded well to topical treatment (benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin and retinoids). All but two infants with moderate acne responded well to oral (paediatric) erythromycin 125 mg twice daily and topical therapy. Patients with erythromycin-resistant Propionibacterium acnes required trimethoprim 100 mg twice daily. Most patients were able to stop oral antibiotics within 18 months. In 38% of children, long-term oral antibiotics (> 24 months) were required. The time for clearance of the acne was 6-40 months (median 18). One patient required oral isotretinoin that cleared the acne in 4 months. Five patients (17%) were left with scarring.This study confirms the male predominance of infantile acne. Treatment is similar to that of adult acne, with the exclusion of the use of tetracyclines. When necessary, oral isotretinoin can be used.
Response of the Heart to Increased Peripheral Resistance
Authors: A. DARWIN DE MATTOS, MATTHEW N. LEVY, HARRISON ZIESKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Changes in the resistance to left ventricular outflow were produced in the anesthetized, open-chest dog by constriction of the descending thoracic aorta, the brachiocephalic artery, or a combination of the two. With constriction of the brachiocephalic artery alone, left ventricular stroke work and peak power were considerably enhanced, left atrial pressure increased insignificantly, and cardiac output remained constant. With aortic or combined constriction, cardiac output diminished and left atrial pressure rose, but peak power and stroke work did not change significantly. The enhancement of peak power and stroke work by brachiocephalic constriction may be ascribed in part to the supervention of reflex and humoral inotropic mechanisms.
The Racist Patient
Authors: Michael Nakao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersAugust 6, 2013The Racist PatientMichael Nakao, MDMichael Nakao, MDFrom St. Peters Health Partners and Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Jain (1) wrote that Mr. R. spat out, “Why don't you go back to India!” That was horrible, and it brought back painful memories of Jain's childhood. As a Japanese American who grew up with taunts in the shadow of World War II, I wholly sympathize with Jain's hurt. However, I do not sympathize with his response, “Why don't you leave our [expletive] hospital?”When Mr. R. launched his racist insult, did Jain know his mental status? Did the patient have dementia, depression, or sleep deprivation? Isn't it our responsibility to know these things? Did Jain's cursing ...Reference1. Jain SH. The racist patient. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:632 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From St. Peters Health Partners and Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Racist Patient Sachin H. Jain The Racist Patient Sachin H. Jain The Racist Patient Christine Laine and Michael A. LaCombe The Racist Patient Mitchel Galishoff The Racist Patient David A. Nardone The Racist Patient Sunil K. Sahai Metrics August 6, 2013Volume 159, Issue 3Page: 227-228KeywordsDementiaMemorySleep deprivation ePublished: 6 August 2013 Issue Published: August 6, 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Co-Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Adversely Affects the Postoperative Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yu-Chung Wu, Li-Jen Su, Hao-Wei Wang, Chien-Fu Jeff Lin, Wen-Hu Hsu, Teh-Ying Chou, Chi-Ying F. Huang, Chia-Li Lu, Chung-Tsen Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
SERO-THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS; REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In January, 1895, I had the honor of submitting to the St. Louis Medical Society, a report of experiments made at the St. Louis City Hospital and at the Poorhouse in the treatment of 22 cases of pulmonary consumption, all of which were in the second and third stages. This report was rather premature. Had it been possible, it would have been delayed much longer in order to establish better the results of the clinical work done. But circumstances, over which I had not sufficient control, made it imperative for me to present the experiments at that early date. I was highly gratified, however, by the encouragement given me by a few of the many excellent men in this Society, and later on by eminent physicians of other societies, where I had the honor to read papers on the same subject. But, as usual, in such instances, by far the
Characterization of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Its Association with Sepsis
Authors: Robert C. Barber, Grant E. O'Keefe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We sought to characterize polymorphisms in the proximal coding region of the lipopolysaccharide binding protein gene and to determine whether a previously reported variant was associated with sepsis complicated by organ failure or shock after trauma. We used multiple analytical methods, including pyrosequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing to characterize the proximal coding region. We also reexamined a prospective cohort of severely injured patients and healthy control individuals. The single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide 292 does not exist as previously reported. Instead, the adjacent nucleotide (291) was observed to be polymorphic. In 151 trauma patients, 37 (25%) developed severe sepsis, and 19 (13%) died. Thirteen of 50 (26%) C-allele carriers and 24 of 101 (24%) TT homozygotes developed severe sepsis. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses did not demonstrate any associations between genotype and severe sepsis, septic shock, or death. In conclusion, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the lipopolysaccharide binding protein coding region that was reported to exist at the 292 position and to result in an amino acid substitution actually exists at the adjacent 291 position and does not result in an amino acid substitution. Furthermore, this polymorphism does not appear to be associated with complicated sepsis after trauma.
Alprazolam Abuse and Methadone Maintenance-Reply
Authors: William W. Weddington
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I thank Dr Fraser for pointing out his work with alprazolam. We reported encountering patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy who abused alprazolam. Toxicological examinations of their urine specimens, using thin-layer chromatography, had not detected alprazolam. The laboratory is presently using both thin-layer chromatography and EMIT methods to screen urine specimens for benzodiazepines. My experience with the EMIT system in detecting<i>regular</i>alprazolam abuse by those receiving methadone is good. However, I have worked with two patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy who reported<i>episodic</i>abuse of alprazolam. Using the EMIT method, results of the toxicological examination of their urine specimens were negative for benzodiazepines until the patients began to regularly abuse alprazolam. Initially, the patients periodically abused alprazolam to "boost the effect" of methadone. They ingested alprazolam immediately after being medicated with methadone but several days before the urine toxicology examinations. Stitzer and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have reported this "boosting"
WHO warns of heart disease threat to developing world
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The number of people who die or are disabled by heart disease and strokes could be halved with wider use of a combination of drugs that costs just $14 (£9; €14) a year, the World Health Organization has said.

Every year 12 million people worldwide die from cardiovascular disease, according to the WHO, with most of them in the developing world. The organisation will be focusing on heart disease when it publishes its annual report at the end of the month.

The report shows for the first time that the main risk …
P3-261: A comparison of conventional lobectomy versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for stage IA lung cancers using a matched-pair analysis
Authors: Hisayuki Shigematsu, Hiroshi Date, Shinichi Toyooka, Motoi Aoe, Yoshifumi Sano, Akio Andou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Advancing Clinical Practice and Policy through Guidelines. The Role of the American Thoracic Society
Authors: Colin R. Cooke, Michael K. Gould
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<The (Changing) Role of Cl...The Era of Trustworthy Gu...Role of the ATS in Guidel...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Latent Syphilis— Nomenclature of Its Stages
Authors: Hans H. Neumann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Asymptomatic syphilis until two (or four) years after infection is usually termed early latent, and after that, late latent. However, the major practical differences in latent infections are before and after the first year. Secondary symptoms are more apt to recur in the first year; untreated cases are considered communicable in the first year; the probability of some successful contact follow-up exists in the first year—after that, attempts at it are wasted. In the first year, adequate treatment requires 2.4 million units of long-acting penicillin, where possible, repeated once. After that, it is advisable to add a third dose. The serology of syphilis that is treated within the first year is likely to revert to negative within another year. For these reasons, some health departments have drawn the border line between early latent and late latent at the end of the first year. Yet it seems difficult
Acute local inflammation alters synthesis, distribution, and catabolism of third component of complement (C3) in rabbits.
Authors: U Manthei, R C Strunk, P C Giclas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In order to evaluate the basis for changes in plasma concentrations of the third component of complement (C3) during inflammation, we injected purified radiolabeled C3 into normal New Zealand White rabbits and into rabbits with turpentine-induced pleurisy. In the normal animals, C3 was distributed between the intravascular compartment (75%) and the extravascular space (25%), with an exchange rate of 1.8 +/- 0.1% of the plasma pool per hour. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was 2.7 +/- 0.3% of the C3 plasma pool per hour, the synthesis rate was 1.0 +/- 0.2 mg C3/kg per h, and the plasma concentration was 1.23 +/- 0.3 mg C3/ml. Rabbits with turpentine-induced inflammation showed a shift of the volume of C3 distribution in favor of the extravascular compartment. In addition, the rate by which 125I-C3 was cleared from the circulation increased by 29% and was related to the appearance of 20% of the C3-bound circulating radioactivity in the affected pleural cavity at the zenith of inflammation. The FCR, calculated by measuring urinary excretion of radiolabel, increased by only 9% and was probably related to the C3 degradation that was observed in the pleural fluid during the early stages of inflammation. The plasma C3 concentration reached a peak at 230% of the baseline concentration, owing to an increase in the rate of synthesis by as much as 480%. The latter increase could be blocked by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. We conclude that the increase of plasma C3 in the acute phase is due to stimulated synthesis, which is partially offset by a rise in FCR and by a shift of protein to the site of inflammation.
Intestinal mucosal uptake of iron and iron retention in idiopathic haemochromatosis as evidence for a mucosal abnormality
Authors: L. W. Powell, C. B. Campbell, E. Wilson
Journal: Gut (1970)

The process of iron absorption has been studied in 23 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis, in eight with iron-deficiency anaemia, and in 20 control subjects. The initial uptake of iron by the intestinal mucosa was estimated by administering (59)Fe-ferric citrate during a standard meal together with a non-absorbable marker, (51)Cr-chromic chloride. Body iron absorption (iron retained at 14 days) was measured by whole body counting with discriminant analysis to separate the two isotopes. Thus, the fraction of the initial mucosal uptake finally retained in the body was calculated (the mucosal transport index of iron). In control subjects the mean values for mucosal uptake of iron and body iron absorption were 12.0 - SD 4.9% and 3.6 - SD 2.4%, with a mean mucosal transport index of 0.31 - SD 0.21. Mucosal iron uptake and body absorption were both considerably increased in the patients with iron-deficiency anaemia (33.5 - 15.6 and 29.8 - 17.0% respectively) and in the eight patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis treated by venesection therapy until the excess iron stores were removed (27.2 - 12.0 and 26.6 - 14.6% respectively). The mucosal transport index in all these subjects approached 1.0. Eight patients with haemochromatosis were studied before venesection therapy. The mucosal uptake of iron was within the normal range in all (mean 14.0 - 2.8%) but body iron absorption was increased in five (mean 9.1 - 4.8%). The mean mucosal transport index of iron was significantly increased in this group (0.62 - 0.28; p < 0.01). The findings suggest that the increased iron absorption in subjects with idiopathic haemochromatosis results from an abnormality of the intestinal mucosa and not from altered intraluminal factors. However, whether the aberrant mucosal cell function is a primary defect in the cell or an acquired change, dependent on humoral or corporeal factors, is unknown.