tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Minimal Access Cancer Management
Authors: F. L. Greene, K. W. Kercher, H. Nelson, C. M. Teigland, A.-M. Boller
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Minimal access approaches in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors of the stomach, large bowel, and genitourinary system are now being advocated in several surgical specialty areas. The laparoscope has evolved from a diagnostic tool to a modality that allows for removal of tumors using small incisions and the application of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide. Through studies using animal models and patient investigation, the immunologic benefits of laparoscopic cancer procedures appear to be beneficial when compared with conventional laparotomy. Overall benefits of analgesic reduction, more rapid postoperative recovery, and patient satisfaction are the byproducts of minimal access approaches. Patients with cancers of the stomach, colon, and kidney show similar long-term outcomes when compared with conventional open techniques. Caution, however, should be exercised in recommending laparoscopic approaches for routine management of primary tumors of the rectum and adrenal gland.
Book: Pathological Child Psychiatry and the Medicalization of Childhood
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Sami Timimi Brunner-Routledge, £15.99, pp 190 ISBN 1 58391 216 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> When asked to review this book I leapt at the opportunity. Children who are in some way “failing” represent a significant proportion of the referrals to my clinic. Despite the rather scathing way that many professionals, including some doctors, refer to diagnosis as “the medical model” (always used pejoratively), many parents and many other professionals welcome a diagnosis. Being too lively is ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder); clumsiness is … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Elevated plasma glucosylsphingosine in Gaucher disease: relation to phenotype, storage cell markers, and therapeutic response
Authors: Nick Dekker, Laura van Dussen, Carla E. M. Hollak, Herman Overkleeft, Saskia Scheij, Karen Ghauharali, Mariëlle J. van Breemen, Maria J. Ferraz, Johanna E. M. Groener, Mario Maas, Frits A. Wijburg, Dave Speijer, Anna Tylki-Szymanska, Pramod K. Mistry, Rolf G. Boot, Johannes M. Aerts
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract P1-04-03: Knocking down Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 7 in breast cancer: The role in Insulin-like Growth Factor - I/Phospholipase Cγ-1 signaling
Authors: W Sasi, L Ye, WG Jiang, K Mokbel, A Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 7 (SOCS7) is a member of the SOCS family and is known to interact with Phospholipase Cγ-1 (PLCγ-1), one of the Insulin like Growth Factor - I (IGF-I) receptor downstream molecules. In the present study, we sought to examine the effect of knocking down SOCS7 gene on breast cancer cells growth and migration and to elucidate whether this has involved IGF-I — PLCγ-1 signaling using the PLCγ-1 blocker U73122. METHODS: Suitable breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) were transfected with anti-SOCS7 ribozymal transgene, to create sublines with SOCS7 knockdown that was verified by RT-PCR. The growth and migration of the cells were evaluated in the presence or absence of IGF-I and PLCγ-1 inhibitor using in vitro growth assay and Electrical Cell Impedance Sensing (ECIS) migration assay. RESULTS: MCF7ΔSOCS7 and MDA-MB-231ΔSOCS7 (SOCS7 knockdown) were constructed. Both sublines showed a higher rate of growth compared to control cells with and without IGF-I stimulation. U73122 treatment did not appear to change this growth outcome. Using ECIS migration assay, it was shown that knocking down SOCS7 had a significant positive effect on the migration of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and that both IGF-I treatment and SOCS7 knockdown had a synergistic positive influence on their migration (p &amp;lt; 0.05). We further demonstrated that the impact of U73122 on the IGF-I migratory effect was dependent upon SOCS7 knockdown as it has significantly blocked the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on MCF7ΔSOCS7 and MDA-MB-231ΔSOCS7 migration but not that of the control cells. While SOCS7 has acted to control the IGF-I effect, it appeared to cancel the inhibitory function of U73122, indicating a specific anti - PLCγ-1 role for SOCS7 in IGF-I induced breast cancer cellular migration. CONCLUSION: SOCS7 loss resulted in increased growth and migration of breast cancer cells and this had a synergistic effect on their response to IGF-I. This role could be related to its interaction with PLCγ-1 during the cellular migration but not the growth. It may be possible that SOCS7 acts through different mechanism to control the cellular growth. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-03.
Impact of Annual Targeted Treatment on Infectious Trachoma and Susceptibility to Reinfection
Authors: Berna Atik, Ton Ton Kim Thanh, Vu Quoc Luong, Stephane Lagree, Deborah Dean
Journal: JAMA (2006)

The World Health Organization developed the SAFE strategy (Surgery for trichiasis; Antibiotics for Chlamydia trachomatis infection; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement) to eliminate blinding trachoma globally by the year 2020. Despite a number of studies using various intervals of treatment for different prevalence rates, there has been a lack of sufficient follow-up beyond the final treatment point to determine rates of recurrence of disease and infection and the risk factors that may contribute to each.To evaluate the impact of 2 annual targeted azithromycin treatments on active trachoma and C trachomatis infection rates over 3 years in Vietnam.Three communes were randomly selected for a longitudinal study in Vietnam from November 2000 through November 2003. Individuals (n = 3186) were graded for trachoma followed by conjunctival sampling to detect chlamydiae by commercial polymerase chain reaction. Grading and chlamydial detection were repeated every 6 months for 3 years.Azithromycin was given to children aged 5 through 15 years with active trachoma and their household members in SAFE and SA communes at baseline and 12 months; these communes were compared with the S-only control commune that did not receive azithromycin targeted treatment.Prevalence and incidence of active trachoma and C trachomatis infection in all communes at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Subgroup analysis evaluated new infection, continuing infection, and reinfection at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months and risk factors for each.Reinfection rates increased significantly between 12 and 36 months for SAFE (from 1.6 to 29.3 per 1000; P<.001) and SA (5.1 to 25.3 per 1000; P = .002) communes but not for the S-only commune (13.4 to 6.7 per 1000; P = .55) after 24 months. Compared with the S-only commune, mixed-effects and generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic models showed that reinfection risk was significantly higher for SAFE (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-9.8; P = .005) and SA (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.1-17.3; P = .04) communes at 36 months.Increasing reinfection rates suggest that treatment may interrupt the duration of infection required for developing immunity, increasing the number of individuals susceptible to reinfection and adversely affecting disease prevalence over time. Additional research is needed to determine optimal trachoma control strategies, including evaluation of the "F" and "E" components.www.actr.org.au Identifier: 12606000360516.
SOME OF THE RECENT ASPECTS OF QUARANTINE AND ITS RELATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH.
Authors: M. J. ROSENAU
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Quarantine may be likened to jails, penitentiaries, houses of detention and other necessary evils of this world. The very absurdity of the word quarantine, coming from the Italian<i>quaranta</i>, meaning 40, is an indication that we are dealing with a condition resulting from an imperfect social fabric. It does not take a prophet to foresee the time when society will be developed to that state of civilization and the sanitary sciences will have reached that point of excellence when restrictive quarantines will be entirely unnecessary. But the millennium is a long way off and we shall not see the end of quarantine restrictions in our day and generation. In the Middle Ages, when the Hanseatic League of cities held its commercial supremacy, we learn that Venice detained ships arriving at that port with cases of pestilence aboard, for a period of forty days. While isolation and detention had been practiced
Selection of Medical Students — Occupational Mortality — William Harvey
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE latest report of the Universities Central Council on Admissions1 shows that in Britain, medicine retains its position as one of the most popular career choices for university entrants, although the total of 12,098 applicants for 3742 places last October was nearly 1000 less than the largest previous total of 13,003 in 1974. The applicants last year consisted of 8033 men and 4065 women, of whom 2341 men and 1401 women succeeded in gaining admission to a medical school.In view of this fierce competition for places it is not surprising that there is often some controversy about the method . . .
Serum copper and related variables in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P R Scudder, D Al-Timimi, W McMurray, A G White, B C Zoob, T L Dormandy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Serum copper, caeruloplasmin, iron, iron-binding capacity, and antioxidant activity were measured in 120 normal subjects and in 189 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both serum copper and serum caeruloplasmin were significantly raised in rheumatoid disease in both sexes. A significant inverse relation was found between serum iron and serum copper, and a strong direct correlation between serum antioxidant activity and caeruloplasmin.
Interferon gamma and interleukin 4 secreting cells in the gastric antrum in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis.
Authors: R Karttunen, T Karttunen, H P Ekre, T T MacDonald
Journal: Gut (1995)

Little is known of the function of the T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. This study thus measured T cell in vivo activation by enumerating the frequency of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL 4) secreting cells isolated from the gastric antral mucosa in patients with or without gastritis and in H pylori positive and negative gastritis. Fifty four samples were examined for cytokine secretion. Four antral biopsy specimens from each patient (n = 51) were taken during diagnostic endoscopy. One was used to estimate histological gastritis and the presence of H pylori, and three of the samples were used to isolate T cells by enzymatic digestion. IFN gamma and IL 4 secreting cells were enumerated by ELISPOT. Thirty four samples had gastritis and 79% of those were H pylori positive. None of the samples from non-inflamed mucosa had H pylori. The numbers of IFN gamma secreting cells per 10(5) T cells were higher in gastritis than in normal mucosa (145 v 20 IFN gamma spots, p &lt; 0.01), and higher in H pylori negative than H pylori positive gastritis (371 v 110 IFN gamma spots, p &lt; 0.05). The frequencies of IL 4 secreting cells did not differ between gastritis and non-inflamed mucosa. In conclusion, there is an increase in IFN gamma secreting cells but not in IL 4 secreting cells in H pylori positive and negative gastritis. It is not known if this TH1 type reaction has a pathogenetic or protective role.
Cyclin D3 at 6p21 is dysregulated by recurrent chromosomal translocations to immunoglobulin loci in multiple myeloma
Authors: John Shaughnessy, Ana Gabrea, Ying Qi, Leslie Brents, Fenghaung Zhan, Erming Tian, Jeffrey Sawyer, Bart Barlogie, P. Leif Bergsagel, Michael Kuehl
Journal: Blood (2001)
<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>Blocking the Common Bile Duct
Authors: Betram G Esser-Köchling, Friedrich W Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

This 63-year-old woman with vomiting and abdominal pain had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy one year earlier. Endoscopic cholangiopancreatography showed a structure measuring 10 cm at the papilla.
Lactobacilline—A Reply
Authors: Joseph C. Richard
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —May we call your attention to what is doubtless an unintentional injustice done our product, Lactobacilline Liquide, in the Queries and Minor Notes Department ofThe Journal, Aug. 23, 1913, p. 618? In your note you refer to an article by Professor Heinemann, dated Jan. 30, 1909, stating that yeasts were found in the product of the Franco-American Ferment Company as sold in the form of powder and tablets and that "Sewerin also failed to find<i>B. bulgaricus</i>in Lactobacilline." The Lactobacilline preparations examined by Professor Heinemann were imported and were foreign products obtained previous to the time when the Ferment Company of New York manufactured Lactobacilline. The Lactobacilline referred to by Sewerin was examined by him in Russia and was not manufactured in America. His report was published in the<i>Centralblatt für Bakteriologie</i>, November, 1908, and was merely referred to inThe Journal, Jan. 27, 1912.
Insulin-like growth factor I inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: V B Schini, S Catovsky, B Schray-Utz, R Busse, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Experiments were designed to examine whether or not insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is produced by vascular cells in response to injury, affects the production of nitric oxide evoked by the inducible nitric oxide synthase in cultures of smooth muscle cells from the rat aorta. Nitric oxide production was assessed indirectly by the measurement of nitrite accumulation and nitric oxide synthase activity by determining the formation of L-citrulline from L-arginine. Nitric oxide synthase was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells that had been exposed to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). IGF-I inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the production of nitrite and L-citrulline evoked by IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha. The inhibition caused by IGF-I required the presence of the growth factor during the induction of nitric oxide synthase. Two IGF-I-related proteins, IGF-II and insulin, also inhibited, but to a smaller extent, the release of nitrite and the formation of L-citrulline stimulated by IL-1 beta. Under bioassay conditions, the perfusates from columns containing IL-1 beta-treated smooth muscle cells relaxed rings of rat aorta without endothelium that had been contracted with phenylephrine; these relaxations were reversed by nitro-L-arginine. Addition of IL-1 beta-treated vascular smooth muscle cells to indomethacin-treated platelets inhibited their aggregation to thrombin; methylene blue prevented this inhibition. Control smooth muscle cells or cells exposed to IGF-I alone did not have such effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibiotic Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel, Alpha A. Fowler, Michael B. Edmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 55-year-old man with COPD presents with recurrent acute exacerbations despite compliance with appropriate therapy. Azithromycin prophylaxis is recommended since the drug has been shown to prevent acute exacerbations in such patients.
Metabolism of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant
Authors: Uwe Stave
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

For over a decade the small-for-gestational-age infant has been recognized as belonging to a group that needs special attention. The frequency of births averages around 7 per cent in white single-born infants; the percentage increases as the mothers' socioeconomic rating decreases; it is highest in the group of the lower-weighing twins.The great etiologic diversity that leads to newborns who are small for gestational age causes a variety of physiologic and biochemical abnormalities. Functional defects in those newborns can be associated with physical malformation or chromosomal aberrations, but also with maternal factors such as toxemia, malnutrition, infection, or smoking. Considering . . .
CUTANEOUS ALLERGY FROM LOCAL CONTACT WITH ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZID
Authors: James W. Jordon
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Isonicotinic acid hydrazid and its isopropyl derivative have recently been introduced for the treatment of tuberculosis. Because these drugs will find a widespread use, I believe the following report of a case of cutaneous sensitivity from local contact with isonicotinic acid hydrazid is of considerable interest. As far as I know, this is the first report of such a case. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A white man, aged 34, a pharmaceutical chemist, was first seen on May 2, 1952, with the chief complaint of a skin eruption on his hands that had started on March 24, 1952. He stated that the only new product he had worked with prior to the onset of the eruption was isonicotinic acid hydrazid. He first worked with this drug on March 10, 1952. Because of the severity of the eruption he discontinued work from April 11 to April 21, and during this interval the
Angiographic features in the infarct-related artery after intracoronary urokinase followed by prolonged anticoagulation. Role of ruptured atheromatous plaque and adherent thrombus in acute myocardial infarction in vivo.
Authors: S Nakagawa, Y Hanada, Y Koiwaya, K Tanaka
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To unravel sequential morphological features in infarct-related coronary arteries (IRCA), we performed coronary angiography (CAG) before, during, and immediately after intracoronary urokinase infusion in 43 consecutive patients. After 1 month of rigorous anticoagulation by intravenous heparin and subsequent oral warfarin or after the same period of treatment by antiplatelet agents, we repeated CAG in all patients except for one, who died 6 days after thrombolytic therapy. Thirty-two IRCAs were totally occluded, and 11 were severely occluded at baseline. With recanalization and/or reduction in luminal narrowing at the site of the occlusion by progressive removal of the overlying thrombus and plaque content, we recognized the development of extraluminal contrast pooling in an ellipsoid shape (type A), single or paired linear radiolucency(ies) with or without outpouching (type B), and definite outpouching (type C). The development of type A, B, and C lesions occurred in 4, 6, and 0 IRCAs immediately after thrombolytic therapy and in 0, 18, and 3 IRCAs 1 month later, respectively. Throughout the study, at least one of type A-C lesions developed in 23 of 43 (53.5%) IRCAs. Lesion development proceeded from total or severe occlusion to type A, then to type B or C, both accompanied by progressive reduction in luminal narrowing and frequent enlargement of outpouching. A postmortem study in one patient whose CAG immediately after thrombolytic therapy was interpreted as a type B lesion demonstrated a ruptured plaque with paired ridges. Serial observations in vivo indicate that many IRCAs are associated with a complex underlying spatial structure, probably composed of some part of ruptured atheromatous plaque with or without adherent thrombus. Recognition and identification of such complex structures beneath the accumulated thrombus are of great importance in both CAG interpretation and elucidation of the pathophysiological sequence of acute myocardial infarction in vivo and may enable prevention or more effective therapy of acute coronary events.
Long-Term Discontinuation of Insulin Treatment in a Type 1 Diabetic Patient
Authors: Jan Ruxer, Michal Mozdzan, Leszek Czupryniak, Jerzy Loba
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Type 1 diabetes is a well-defined condition requiring life-saving insulin replacement therapy immediately after diagnosis (1). It is also a well-known fact from the natural course of the disease that soon after the insulin therapy has been initiated, insulin requirements decrease, sometimes rapidly, and patients who stopped taking insulin shortly after diabetes diagnosis have been reported (2). However, this so-called “honeymoon period” usually starts several weeks after the diagnosis and rarely exceeds several months’ duration. It is believed, however, and has been unfortunately shown in the past, e.g., during wartime, that insulin discontinuation in a long-standing type 1 diabetic patient poses a serious threat to health and life (3,4). We describe a case of a patient with a definite diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes who, 2 years after having been diagnosed with diabetes, stopped insulin treatment for a period of 17 months and did not develop ketoacidosis.

In April 2000, a 19-year-old woman was admitted to the Metabolic Diseases Department due to profound weakness, dizziness, and increased thirst, as well as a 10-kg weight loss in 6 months. The symptoms occurred several months earlier but became more severe within the previous 8 weeks.

The patient was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in November 1998. Her symptoms at the time gradually developed for 4 months and included increased thirst, …
Tetrachloroethylene Exposure and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Dry-Cleaning-Worker Studies
Authors: Jelle Vlaanderen, Kurt Straif, Avima Ruder, Aaron Blair, Johnni Hansen, Elsebeth Lynge, Barbara Charbotel, Dana Loomis, Timo Kauppinen, Pentti Kyyronen, Eero Pukkala, Elisabete Weiderpass, Neela Guha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified tetrachloroethylene, used in the production of chemicals and the primary solvent used in dry cleaning, as "probably carcinogenic to humans" based on limited evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners.Objectives: We assessed the epidemiological evidence for the association between tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer from published studies estimating occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene or in workers in the dry-cleaning industry.Methods: Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out separately for occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene and employment as a dry cleaner. We qualitatively summarized exposure–response data because of the limited number of studies available.Results: The meta-relative risk (mRR) among tetrachloroethylene-exposed workers was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.42; three studies; 463 exposed cases). For employment as a dry cleaner, the overall mRR was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.85; seven studies; 139 exposed cases), and for smoking-adjusted studies, the mRR was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.80, 2.84; 4 case–control studies).Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners, reported in both cohort and case–control studies, and some evidence for an exposure–response relationship. Although dry cleaners incur mixed exposures, tetrachloroethylene could be responsible for the excess risk of bladder cancer because it is the primary solvent used and it is the only chemical commonly used by dry cleaners that is currently identified as a potential bladder carcinogen. Relatively crude approaches in exposure assessment in the studies of "tetrachloroethylene-exposed workers" may have attenuated the relative risks.Citation: Vlaanderen J, Straif K, Ruder A, Blair A, Hansen J, Lynge E, Charbotel B, Loomis D, Kauppinen T, Kyyronen P, Pukkala E, Weiderpass E, Guha N. 2014. Tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of dry-cleaning-worker studies. Environ Health Perspect 122:661–666; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307055