tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of thrombospondin in platelet aggregation.
Authors: L L Leung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Thrombospondin (TSP), the major alpha-granule protein of human platelets, binds to the activated platelet surface upon platelet stimulation. TSP has hemagglutinating (lectin-like) activity and forms a specific complex with fibrinogen. Based on these observations, it was postulated that the interaction of TSP and fibrinogen on the activated platelet surface may be an important step in the platelet aggregation process. To test this hypothesis, monospecific, affinity-purified anti-TSP Fab fragments were prepared and their effects on platelet aggregation and platelet fibrinogen binding were studied. Anti-TSP Fab caused significant interference with thrombin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, as monitored by both turbidometric aggregometry and particle counting measuring the disappearance of single platelets. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed that anti-TSP Fab caused a marked decrease in platelet macroaggregates and an increase in microaggregates and nonaggregated single platelets. Anti-TSP Fab did not affect the initial phase of ADP-induced platelet aggregation but caused rapid platelet disaggregation with the abolition of the secondary phase of aggregation. The effect of anti-TSP Fab was not mediated by a direct inhibition of platelet secretion. The effect of anti-TSP Fab on specific binding of labeled fibrinogen to thrombin-stimulated platelets was also studied. Anti-TSP Fab caused a marked decrease in the affinity of fibrinogen binding to the receptors on the activated platelet surface. Kinetic analyses revealed significant displacement of labeled fibrinogen by unlabeled fibrinogen in the presence of anti-TSP Fab, suggesting that TSP serves to stabilize fibrinogen binding to the activated platelet surface and reinforces the strength of interplatelet interactions. It is proposed that platelet aggregation is a dynamic, multistep process, governed initially by the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-fibrinogen interaction, with the TSP-fibrinogen interaction playing an important role in determining the size and reversibility of platelet aggregates.
Music Hath Charms for Care of Preemies
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interdisciplinary Teamwork for Medical Care and Health Services
Authors: RICHARD M. MAGRAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The two interwoven elements of medical teamwork, human components and organization, result from two unremitting social processes that are consequences of technical advance. The first is a division of labor—the reduction of complex professional functions into less demanding components. The second is the synthesis of the resulting components into a functioning whole—the organization. The knowledge and skills required to provide medical care have been continuously and successfully subdivided by specialization and the development of new professional and technical occupations. A satisfactory division of labor and reassignment of professional role has not yet developed for that essential part of medical care implicit in what the physician "professes" (his "profession"), namely, his commitment to undertake medical problem-solving only in trust for the patient. Competing and mutually exclusive alternatives proposed as the "organizational focus for the health care system of the future" are better understood as different and complementary levels of organization. High quality care depends not only on the effectiveness of each level of organization but on these being meshed into an integrated system.
Antenatal clinics fail HIV mothers
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The United Kingdom is failing pregnant women because antenatal HIV testing is “a lottery,” writes Dr Angus Nicoll of the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, in the Journal of Medical Screening this week (1999;5:170-1).

Most pregnant women who are infected with HIV remain …
Intensified Chemotherapy and Dose-Reduced Involved-Field Radiotherapy in Patients With Early Unfavorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD11 Trial
Authors: Hans Theodor Eich, Volker Diehl, Helen Görgen, Thomas Pabst, Jana Markova, Jürgen Debus, Anthony Ho, Bernd Dörken, Andreas Rank, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Thomas Wiegel, Johann Hinrich Karstens, Richard Greil, Normann Willich, Heinz Schmidberger, Hartmut Döhner, Peter Borchmann, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Rolf-Peter Müller, Andreas Engert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Combined-modality treatment consisting of four to six cycles of chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) is the standard of care for patients with early unfavorable Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). It is unclear whether treatment results can be improved with more intensive chemotherapy and which radiation dose needs to be applied.Patients age 16 to 75 years with newly diagnosed early unfavorable HL were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to one of the following treatment arms: four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) + 30 Gy of IFRT; four cycles of ABVD + 20 Gy of IFRT; four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP(baseline)) + 30 Gy of IFRT; or four cycles of BEACOPP(baseline) + 20 Gy of IFRT.With a total of 1,395 patients included, the freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) at 5 years was 85.0%, overall survival was 94.5%, and progression-free survival was 86.0%. BEACOPP(baseline) was more effective than ABVD when followed by 20 Gy of IFRT (5-year FFTF difference, 5.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 11.3%). However, there was no difference between BEACOPP(baseline) and ABVD when followed by 30 Gy of IFRT (5-year FFTF difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, -3.6% to 6.9%). Similar results were observed for the radiotherapy question; after four cycles of BEACOPP(baseline), 20 Gy was not inferior to 30 Gy (5-year FFTF difference, -0.8%; 95% CI, -5.8% to 4.2%), whereas inferiority of 20 Gy cannot be excluded after four cycles of ABVD (5-year FFTF difference, -4.7%; 95% CI, -10.3% to 0.8%). Treatment-related toxicity occurred more often in the arms with more intensive therapy.Moderate dose escalation using BEACOPP(baseline) did not significantly improve outcome in early unfavorable HL. Four cycles of ABVD should be followed by 30 Gy of IFRT.
IP <sub>3</sub> Constricts Cerebral Arteries via IP <sub>3</sub> Receptor–Mediated TRPC3 Channel Activation and Independently of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release
Authors: Qi Xi, Adebowale Adebiyi, Guiling Zhao, Kenneth E. Chapman, Christopher M. Waters, Aviv Hassid, Jonathan H. Jaggar
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Vasoconstrictors that bind to phospholipase C–coupled receptors elevate inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ). IP 3 is generally considered to elevate intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in arterial myocytes and induce vasoconstriction via a single mechanism: by activating sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-localized IP 3 receptors, leading to intracellular Ca 2+ release. We show that IP 3 also stimulates vasoconstriction via a SR Ca 2+ release–independent mechanism. In isolated cerebral artery myocytes and arteries in which SR Ca 2+ was depleted to abolish Ca 2+ release (measured using D1ER, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based SR Ca 2+ indicator), IP 3 activated 15 pS sarcolemmal cation channels, generated a whole-cell cation current ( I Cat ) caused by Na + influx, induced membrane depolarization, elevated [Ca 2+ ] i , and stimulated vasoconstriction. The IP 3 -induced I Cat and [Ca 2+ ] i elevation were attenuated by cation channel (Gd 3+ , 2-APB) and IP 3 receptor (xestospongin C, heparin, 2-APB) blockers. TRPC3 (canonical transient receptor potential 3) channel knockdown with short hairpin RNA and diltiazem and nimodipine, voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel blockers, reduced the SR Ca 2+ release–independent, IP 3 -induced [Ca 2+ ] i elevation and vasoconstriction. In pressurized arteries, SR Ca 2+ depletion did not alter IP 3 -induced constriction at 20 mm Hg but reduced IP 3 -induced constriction by ≈39% at 60 mm Hg. [Ca 2+ ] i elevations and constrictions induced by endothelin-1, a phospholipase C–coupled receptor agonist, were both attenuated by TRPC3 knockdown and xestospongin C in SR Ca 2+ -depleted arteries. In summary, we describe a novel mechanism of IP 3 -induced vasoconstriction that does not occur as a result of SR Ca 2+ release but because of IP 3 receptor–dependent I Cat activation that requires TRPC3 channels. The resulting membrane depolarization activates voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels, leading to a myocyte [Ca 2+ ] i elevation, and vasoconstriction.
Gated Resting TI-201 SPECT in the Evaluation of Myocardial Viability
Authors: BENNETT B. CHIN, HEE-JOUNG KIM, BRUCE ZUKERBERG, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Gating of resting Tl-201 SPECT to evaluate myocardial viability is now clinically feasible. Two cases are presented to illustrate the additional information of wall motion and wall thickening obtained from gating. This additional information may improve the classification of viable myocardium and requires further study.
Stuart Gerard McPhee
Authors: I. Mellor, S. Dornan, A. M. Brandon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After qualifying, Stuart Gerard McPhee completed his house jobs in Ninewells Hospital before embarking on GP training, which took him to Stracathro Hospital and to his trainee year in Brechin. He passed his MRCGP in 1995, and in 1997 he moved back to Glasgow and settled into partnership in the Turret Medical Centre in Kirkintilloch.

Stuart, ever forward thinking, brought sweeping changes to “the Turret,” and in 2002 achieved GP training status for the practice, bringing an energy and enthusiasm which …
Correlation of Pretreatment Proliferative Activity of Breast Cancer With the Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Y. Remvikos, P. Beuzeboc, A. Zajdela, N. Voillemot, H. Magdelenat, P. Pouillart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

That most cytotoxic agents act specifically against actively proliferating cells is well-recognized. In this study, we attempted to correlate pretreatment S-phase fractions (SPF) measured on DNA histograms with regression of the tumor mass after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor cells were obtained from 60 previously untreated, premenopausal patients with no metastases and with noninflaminatory disease by fine needle sampling without aspiration. We could evaluate DNA ploidy in all patients and SPF in 50 or 83% of them. Tumor responsiveness was significantly related to SPF. The 12 patients who had SPF of 10% or more showed demonstrable regression; six had complete responses. None of the other parameters tested, i.e., DNA ploidy, histopathologic grade, or hormone receptor content, correlated with response. We believe this information may prove valuable for clinicians as they make their decisions regarding patient therapy. [J Nail Cancer Inst 81:1383–1387, 1989]
Trigeminal Neuralgia From Digitalis Intoxication
Authors: James L. Bernat
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WHILE trigeminal neuralgia is generally considered to be an idiopathic condition, many cases have been shown to be caused by compression of the trigeminal sensory roots by bands of small blood vessels. 1 Here we describe digitalis intoxication as another cause of trigeminal neuralgia.  Report of a Case  A 51-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of congestive heart failure and facial pains. He had a long history of coronary artery disease, including six myocardial infarctions since 1967. Heart failure and intermittent atrial fibrillation prompted several admissions for cardioversion. He was treated with digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, in addition to quinidine, warfarin, furosemide, and isosorbide dinitrate. During the month prior to admission, he had taken digoxin, 0.25 mg, alternating daily with 0.375 mg.  Two weeks prior to admission, he noted the gradual onset of attacks of new facial pain that began suddenly with boring pain in the right temple
From the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Public Health Service
Authors: P. R. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maurice Aloysius Carroll
Authors: Diane Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former general practitioner Trimdon, County Durham (b 1916; q Cork 1940), d 23 June 2006.

Maurice Aloysius Carroll, the youngest of seven children, was brought up on a farm in the Republic of Ireland and funded himself through university. He came to England after qualifying, initially starting in general practice in Darlaston in the west Midlands. In March 1942 he moved to Trimdon, County Durham, where he worked in the same practice for the rest of his career. After several attempts to retire, he finally stopped practising in 1999—a grand total of 57 years. He always looked after his patients in a holistic manner. Maurice also enjoyed his local church, classical music, reading, and electronics. He never married.
A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Transplantable Tumours
Authors: J. Craigie
Journal: BMJ (1949)

A period of intense experimental activity was ushered in when it was discovered, at the end of the last century, that some rat and mouse tumours could be transplanted.The discovery was made by Hanau, in Germany, and Moreau, in France, and was confirmed by Loeb and by Jensen.The significance of the introduction of the simple technique of tumour transplantation is that it removed a limitation that had greatly impeded progress, the limitation of the study of a tumour to the animal in which it had arisen.With the means of indefinitely prolonging the life of a tumour avail- able, experimental oncology developed rapidly.Much substantial progress was made, but many hopes remained unfulfilled or were proved to be built on imperfect know- ledge and misunderstanding of the available facts.I make reference to these disappointments because I feel that the title of this lecture may perhaps suggest an undue and unwarranted degree of optimism about the amount of useful information that remains to be gathered by transplanting tumours from one animal to another.There are many lessons in the mistakes and disappointments of the early period of study of transplantable tumours which should not be forgotten in the conduct of any branch of cancer research.A number of important facts emerged from the work of Loeb, Jensen, Borrel, Ehrlich, Apolant, Bashford, Murray, Haaland, Woglom, and others on transplantable tumours.Those which are relev ant to my subject may be summarized very briefly.
Uptake and transfection efficiency of PEGylated cationic liposome–DNA complexes with and without RGD-tagging
Authors: Ramsey N. Majzoub, Chia-Ling Chan, Kai K. Ewert, Bruno F.B. Silva, Keng S. Liang, Erica L. Jacovetty, Bridget Carragher, Clinton S. Potter, Cyrus R. Safinya
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Maintaining calcineurin inhibition after the diagnosis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder improves renal graft survival
Authors: Jean-Emmanuel Serre, David Michonneau, Emmanuel Bachy, Laure-Hélène Noël, Valérie Dubois, Caroline Suberbielle, Henri Kreis, Christophe Legendre, Marie-France Mamzer-Bruneel, Emmanuel Morelon, Olivier Thaunat
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound.
Authors: D H Blankenhorn, R H Selzer, D W Crawford, J D Barth, C R Liu, C H Liu, W J Mack, P Alaupovic
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Controlled clinical trials have reported treatment effects evaluated with serial imaging in coronary and femoral but not cervical arteries. The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study, a coronary, cervical, and femoral angiographic trial of colestipol plus niacin, included a pilot study of standardized carotid ultrasound imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-eight subjects had ultrasound studies at baseline, 2, and 4 years. Twenty-four drug and 22 placebo subjects had carotid ultrasound images at baseline, 2, and 4 years with matching cervical angiograms. Computer image processing was applied to ultrasound images of common carotid (far wall) and cervical angiograms. Computer operators were blind to treatment group. Carotid ultrasound measurements were tested for treatment effects and compared with measurements of atherosclerosis in coronary and cervical angiograms. Drug subjects showed significant progressive reduction in carotid thickness at 2 (P = .0001) and 4 years (P = .0001); placebo subjects significantly increased wall thickness at 2 and 4 years. Reduced levels of apolipoprotein B and increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein C-III were significant predictors of carotid wall thinning. Ultrasound-measured carotid intima-media thickness was correlated at baseline with visually read coronary angiographic stenosis and at 2 years with a robust computer measurement of mild carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Common carotid intima-media thickening can be reduced by colestipol-niacin treatment. Two-year image-processed carotid ultrasound trials can provide adequate power with 50 subjects per group to test for this treatment effect.
Hair Dye Use and Risk of Fatal Cancers in U.S. Women
Authors: M. J. Thun, S. F. Altekruse, M. M. Namboodiri, E. E. Calle, D. G. Myers, C. W. Heath
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Permanent hair dyes are used by about one third of adult American women. Several epidemio-logic studies associate hair dye use with increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In one study, risk increased with more prolonged exposure to darker, more concentrated, permanent dyes. The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between hair dye use and development of certain cancers associated with hair dye use in previous studies. We examined prospectively the relationship between the use of permanent hair dyes and selected fatal cancers in 573369 women. The participants provided information in 1982 on the frequency and duration of hair dye use and the color of hair dye used. Death rates were measured through 1989. Relative risks (RRs) were computed with subjects who had not used hair dyes serving as the referent group, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on the basis of aprroximate-variance formulas. Women who had ever used permanent hair dyes showed decreased risk of all fatal cancers combined (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89–0.98) and of urinary system cancers (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.49–0.87) and no increase in risk of any type of hematopoietic cancer. Women who had used black hair dyes for 20 years (0.6% of women hair dyers) or more had increased risk of fatal non-Hodgkin's lym-phoma (RR = 4.37; 95% CI = 1.3–15.2) and multiple myeloma (RR = 4.39; 95% CI = 1.1– 18.3). These positive findings are based on three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and two cases of multiple myeloma. We found no relationship between use of permanent hair dyes and fatal cancers of the mouth, breast, lung, bladder, or cervix, areas that were of interest as the result of earlier studies. Women using permanent hair dyes are not generally at increased risk of fatal cancer. Women with prolonged use of dark, particularly black, hair dyes may have increased risk of fatal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, but these women are a small fraction of hair dye users. Nonetheless, the removal of carcinogens from hair dyes and appropriate labeling of hair-coloring products would help reduce this potential risk. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86:210–215, 1994]
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON FATTY ACID METABOLISM; STIMULATION OF HEPATIC FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IN VITRO*
Authors: Charles S. Lieber, Rudi Schmid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Fatty infiltration of the liver is a common find- ing in alcoholic patients, but the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of hepatic fat are not clear (2).In the present investigation, an at- tempt was made to clarify this relationship by studying the effect of ethanol on fatty acid metabo- lism in rat liver in vitro (3). MATERIALS AND METHODSSeventy-one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 250 to 400 g were maintained on Purina Laboratory Chow, except for a 24 hour period immediately preceding the experiment.During this period, they were given 36.5 g glucose per kg together with 7.5 g ethanol per kg or, in the experiment shown in Table III, 50 g per kg fruc- tose, administered by means of 5 gastric tube feedings of equal volume.Approximately 3 hours after the last gas- tric feeding, the animals were decapitated.The liver was quickly removed, and slices were prepared in the cold with a Stadie-Riggs slicer (4).The C14-labeled 1 and unlabeled substrates were dissolved in 5 ml isotonic Krebs- Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4 (6), and the final con- centration of the substrates was expressed as millimoles per liter.An aliquot of each incubation mixture was added to a toluene solution containing 12 per cent metha- nol, 0.4 per cent diphenyloxazole (DPO) and 0.005 per
Iatrogenic Malnutrition in Patients Receiving Ventilatory Support
Authors: Albert G. Driver
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a retrospective review of 26 medical patients with respiratory failure necessitating ventilatory support for at least six days, we found that the average daily vitamin, protein, and calorie intake was inadequate in almost all cases. Nutritional support for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation is often neglected and could be greatly improved.