tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a hydroxamate inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases.
Authors: K Gijbels, R E Galardy, L Steinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Gelatinases, belonging to the matrix metalloproteases, contribute to tissue destruction in inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis. We used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model to evaluate the effect of a hydroxamate matrix metalloprotease inhibitor (GM 6001) on inflammatory demyelination. A single dose of the inhibitor, given intraperitoneally, provided sufficient levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of animals with EAE to induce at least a partial inhibition of the gelatinase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid. When administered daily either from the time of disease induction or from the onset of clinical signs, GM 6001 suppressed the development or reversed clinical EAE in a dose-dependent way, respectively. Animals returned to the same clinical course as the nontreated group after cessation of treatment. Animals treated from the onset of clinical signs had normal permeability of the blood-brain barrier, compared with the enhanced permeability in nontreated animals. These results indicate that matrix metalloprotease inhibition can reverse ongoing EAE. This effect appears to be mediated mainly through restoration of the damaged blood-brain barrier in the inflammatory phase of the disease, since, the degree of demyelination and inflammation did not differ between the treatment groups.
Wnt-mediated activation of NeuroD1 and retro-elements during adult neurogenesis
Authors: Tomoko Kuwabara, Jenny Hsieh, Alysson Muotri, Gene Yeo, Masaki Warashina, Dieter Chichung Lie, Lynne Moore, Kinichi Nakashima, Makoto Asashima, Fred H Gage
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Hard metal lung disease: importance of cobalt in coolants.
Authors: I Sjogren, G Hillerdal, A Andersson, O Zetterstrom
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Four patients were found to react to occupational exposure to grinding of hard metal (tungsten carbide). Three of the patients had symptoms and signs compatible with an allergic alveolitis, the symptoms disappearing and the chest radiograph clearing when they were absent from work for a few months. Re-exposure to the offending agent led to new signs and symptoms. The first patient was re-exposed twice and each time reacted a little more seriously. After the last episode her chest radiograph has not cleared completely, in contrast to the first two times. The fourth patient had more typical occupational asthma. All the cases occurred in the part of the factory where air concentrations of cobalt were the lowest. The cobalt there is dissolved in the coolant necessary for grinding the hard metal. It occurs mainly in the ionised form, which is known to react with proteins and therefore presumably acts as a hapten. Protective measures, including choosing a coolant with minimal ability to dissolve cobalt and an effective exhaust system, should minimise the risk of this occupational disease in the future.
Adenovirus-mediated expression of a voltage-gated potassium channel in vitro (rat cardiac myocytes) and in vivo (rat liver). A novel strategy for modifying excitability.
Authors: D C Johns, H B Nuss, N Chiamvimonvat, B M Ramza, E Marban, J H Lawrence
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Excitability is governed primarily by the complement of ion channels in the cell membrane that shape the contour of the action potential. To modify excitability by gene transfer, we created a recombinant adenovirus designed to overexpress a Drosophila Shaker potassium channel (AdShK). In vitro, a variety of mammalian cell types infected with AdShK demonstrated robust expression of the exogenous channel. Spontaneous action potentials recorded from cardiac myocytes in primary culture were abbreviated compared with noninfected myocytes. Intravascular infusion of AdShK in neonatal rats induced Shaker potassium channel mRNA expression in the liver, and large potassium currents could be recorded from explanted hepatocytes. Thus, recombinant adenovirus technology has been used for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer of ion channel genes designed to modify cellular action potentials. With appropriate targeting, such a strategy may be useful in gene therapy of arrhythmias, seizure disorders, and myotonic muscle diseases.
Validation of Home Blood Glucose Meters With Respect to Clinical and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Gernot A Brunner, Martin Ellmerer, Gerald Sendlhofer, Andrea Wutte, Zlatko Trajanoski, Lukas Schaupp, Franz Quehenberger, Paul Wach, Guenter J Krejs, Thomas R Pieber
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To evaluate the clinical and analytical accuracy of home blood glucose meters.Six blood glucose meters--Reflolux S (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany), One Touch II (LifeScan, Milpitas, CA), Glucocard Memory (Menarini, Florence, Italy), Precision QID (Medisense, Cambridge, U.K.), HaemoCue (HaemoCue, Angelholm, Sweden), and Accutrend alpha (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany)--were compared with a reference method (Beckman Glucose Analyzer II) under controlled conditions (glucose clamp technique). Validation of the blood glucose meters was accomplished by clinically oriented approaches (error grid analysis), statistical approaches (variance components analysis), and by the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which recommend a target variability of < 5%.A total of 1,794 blood glucose monitor readings and 299 reference values ranging from 2.2 to 18.2 mmol/l were analyzed (705 readings < 3.89 mmol/l, 839 readings between 3.89 and 9.99 mmol/l, and 250 readings > 9.99 mmol/l). According to error grid analysis, only Reflolux S and Glucocard M had 100% of estimations within the clinically acceptable zones A and B. Assessment of analytical accuracy revealed substantial differences between the glucose meters after separation of the data into defined glycemic ranges. None of the devices met the ADA criteria.To evaluate accuracy of blood glucose meters, error grid analysis, as well as statistical models, are helpful means and should be performed together. Analytical performance of currently available home blood glucose meters differs substantially within defined glycemic ranges.
The parasite-stress theory may be a general theory of culture and sociality
Authors: Corey L. Fincher, Randy Thornhill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In the target article, we presented the hypothesis that parasite-stress variation was a causal factor in the variation of in-group assortative sociality, cross-nationally and across the United States, which we indexed with variables that measured different aspects of the strength of family ties and religiosity. We presented evidence supportive of our hypothesis in the form of analyses that controlled for variation in freedom, wealth resources, and wealth inequality across nations and the states of the USA. Here, we respond to criticisms from commentators and attempt to clarify and expand the parasite-stress theory of sociality used to fuel our research presented in the target article.
"Primary purpose" of foundation hospitals is to treat NHS patients
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2002)

What will a foundation hospital be? 

It will be a new form of non-profit distributing public interest company, limited by guarantee, and independent of Whitehall control. It will have a “stakeholder council,” likely to be about 30 strong, which will include patients, locally elected residents, NHS staff, and representatives of local primary care trusts, the NHS purchasers. This council will appoint the management board.

What freedoms will foundation hospitals have? 

They will manage their own assets, retain surpluses, and decide their own pay and conditions. Their licence will specify that their “primary purpose” is to treat NHS patients—on the basis of clinical need, not ability to pay.

They will be subject …
Bullying and harassment rife in Manchester unit, report says
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Management and clinical staff at a facility in Manchester for elderly people with mental health problems have been accused of neglect by allowing the long term physical and emotional abuse of their most vulnerable patients.Patients on Rowan ward, a mental health unit for old people run by Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust, endured "old fashioned" and "regimented nursing care," says a report from the Commission for Health Improvement.Abuse at the unit, which closed in December 2002, took several forms and included hitting, stamping on feet, intimidating language, withholding food, and playing on patients' known anxieties, says the report.The commission was called in to investigate claims of abuse at the same time that the trust decided to close the ward because it could no longer guarantee the safety of the patients there.
The Health Care Needs of Homeless and Runaway Youths
Authors: Susan M. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There are few patient populations more vulnerable than runaway adolescents.<sup>1</sup>Sexual and physical victimization, substance abuse, pregnancy, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (<i>New York Times</i>. October 8, 1989:A1) leave runaways in dire need of good medical care, not to mention psychosocial support. Yet the new report of the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>chronicles a dearth of guidance for clinicians on how to meet the special needs of an often abused and wary teenager, whose relationship to other supposedly caring adults has frayed so badly that the bond is broken. Extensive work in medical ethics offers concrete guidance to help fill the gap the Council decries and suggests a vision of how the clinician-runaway relationship might work. For decades, scholars have advocated dismantling the traditional medical paternalism that ignores patients' rights. The vision urged instead has been one of patient self-determination in
Multiple Sclerosis and Hysteria
Authors: Leon Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  I wish to comment on the article by Caplan and Nadelson. First, I wish to add my emphasis to the necessity for recognizing the coexistence of organic and psychological disorders, especially with MS. Physicians often overlook the fact that organic disability represents a severe psychological trauma that may lead to responses that are ordinarily considered neurotic. Careful psychological history taking will generally uncover earlier psychological problems with any cooperative patient, but this does not define the extent to which the patient is trying to adapt to a disability. This is most important in differential diagnosis. In my psychiatric experience, I have had great difficulty in obtaining a thorough consultation once a diagnosis of hysteria is made. A psychoanalyst works constantly with history taking that often shows early, subtle evidence of organic disease that is camouflaged by the neurosis. This is particularly true with MS. It is frustrating
The Use of Amphotericin B in Man
Authors: Vincent T. Andriole
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Amphotericin B is the only broad-spectrum antifungal agent currently available for the treatment of systemic mycotic infections in man. Administered intravenously, it has been effective in the treatment of patients with histoplasmosis, North American blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis, and specific Candida infections. In addition, isolated cases of South American blastomycosis, aspergillosis, sporotrichosis, mucormycosis, and chromoblastomycosis have responded favorably. Intrathecal administration is frequently indicated in systemic fungal infections involving the central nervous system. The reversible side effects of chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, anemia, and azotemia warrant necessary precautions during the administration of this agent. Simple safeguards can effectively control these manifestations and so enhance the usefulness of this potent antifungal antibiotic when used via the intravenous and intrathecal routes.
Regulation of Breast Cancer Metastasis by Atypical Chemokine Receptors
Authors: Xiaoyun Cheng, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The interaction between chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors plays an important role in promoting metastasis of different kinds of human cancers. However, the expression of an atypical chemokine receptor, CCX-CKR, which serves as a decoy receptor to attract chemokines, inhibits the growth and metastasis of breast cancer by sequestration of chemokines.
Data use under the NIH GWAS Data Sharing Policy and future directions
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)

Dina Paltoo, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Michael Feolo and colleagues present their analysis of the usefulness and impact of the first seven years of data sharing via the dbGaP repository and announce the extension of data-sharing provisions to other types of research funded by the NIH. In 2007, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) introduced the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Policy and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) to facilitate 'controlled' access to GWAS data based on participants' informed consent. dbGaP has provided 2,221 investigators access to 304 studies, resulting in 924 publications and significant scientific advances. Following on this success, the 2014 Genomic Data Sharing Policy will extend the GWAS Policy to additional data types.
The Future of Biomedical Research
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethics and Transplants
Authors: John M. Malone
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Dr. Appel (<b>205</b>:513, 1968) makes a fine suggestion in regard to transplants. In it he states that he believes there should be two teams of physicians involved, one for the donor, one for the recipient. In this way the decisions are spread and probably a more just decision can be made. This is in particular reference as to when the donor has actually died. We have a somewhat analogous situation in cases of so-called therapeutic abortion when one team will decide for both mother and infant. I would suggest it would be far better and in keeping with Dr. Appel's suggestion that in all such cases there be two teams involved, one to speak for the mother, one for the infant. If such is not done we are in reality establishing a double standard of morality. Any nation or society which establishes a
Ingredient and labeling issues associated with allergenic foods
Authors: Steve L. Taylor, Susan L. Hefle
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Foods contain a wide range of food ingredients that serve numerous technical functions. Per capita consumer exposure to most of these food ingredients is rather low with a few notable exceptions such as sugar and starch. Some food ingredients including edible oils, hydrolyzed proteins, lecithin, starch, lactose, flavors and gelatin may, at least in some products, be derived from sources commonly involved in IgE‐mediated food allergies. These ingredients should be avoided by consumers with allergies to the source material if the ingredient contains detectable protein residues. Other food ingredients, including starch, malt, alcohol and vinegar, may be derived in some cases from wheat, rye or barley, the grains that are implicated in the causation of celiac disease. If these ingredients contain gluten residues, then they should be avoided by celiac sufferers. A few food ingredients are capable of eliciting allergic sensitization, although these ingredients would be classified as rarely allergenic. These ingredients include carmine, cochineal extract, annatto, tragacanth gum and papain. Food manufacturers should declare the presence of allergenic food ingredients in the ingredient listings on product labels so that allergic consumers can know to avoid these potentially hazardous products.
Abstract 2082: PHD3 regulates EMT and therapy response in lung cancer
Authors: Jose Higinio Dopeso Gonzalez
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The hypoxic microenvironment is a characteristic feature of solid tumors. Hypoxia initiates a number of adaptive responses that collectively promote a more aggressive tumor phenotype. One important process that is activated by hypoxia is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular program that induces cell detachment and increases the invasive capacity of the cells. The prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins PHD1, 2 and 3 play a central role in adaption to hypoxia and act as oxygen sensors that regulate the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) response. Here, we identify PHD3 as a crucial regulator of central tumor hallmarks in lung cancer. We show that PHD3 is regulated during EMT and that modulation of PHD3 levels in lung carcinoma cells controls EMT, the tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity of lung cancer cells in various animal tumor models. Mechanistically we show that these functions of PHD3 are mediated through a signaling cascade leading to increased SMAD activity. Moreover, we show that these effects are mechanistically linked to the acquisition of therapeutic resistance in lung cancer and may therefore serve to predict therapy response. These findings highlight PHD3 as an important regulator of lung cancer progression, which controls several cancer hallmarks including growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. Citation Format: Jose Higinio Dopeso Gonzalez. PHD3 regulates EMT and therapy response in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2082. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2082
James Newell Duncan
Authors: P. Exley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Antiretroviral treatment (ART) era HIV-associated stroke data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We determined the prevalence of HIV in patients presenting with acute symptomatic stroke and compared risk factors, clinical characteristics, and brain imaging with age-matched stroke patients without HIV. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective study of adults presenting with any type of stroke to Tygerberg Hospital in a 12-month period. Patients living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV−) patients were matched based on age group (1:2 ratio). Patients were identified by keyword search, while HIV status was ascertained from laboratory data. Clinical and imaging data were extracted from medical records. <h3>Results</h3> Among 884 patients presenting with acute strokes, the minimum prevalence of HIV infection was 9.3% (95% CI: 7.4%–11.2%), with 496 patients (56.1%) with negative HIV status and 306 patients with unknown HIV status (34.6%). The mean age at presentation in PLWH was 46 (±11) years compared with 55 (±14) years in HIV− patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Smoking was less prevalent in PLWH with an adjusted relative risk ratio of RR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.39–0.86). Concurrent infection was more prevalent in PLWH (25.6% vs 4.9%, <i>p ≤</i> 0.001) with an adjusted relative risk ratio of RR = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.49–2.84), largely in patients with a CD4 count &lt;200 cells/μL. PLWH with higher CD4 counts (≥200 cells/μL, 51.3%) had more traditional risk factors and less concurrent infection. Among PLWH, 68.3% were on ART, and 39.3% of them had been started or restarted on ART within the past 6 months. Basal ganglia infarcts (35.6% vs 18.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and multiple vascular territory involvement (25.4% vs 7.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.002) were more common in PLWH. Clinical presentation, ischemic stroke type, and in-hospital outcomes did not differ between the groups. <h3>Discussion</h3> Stroke patients with HIV were younger, had less traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and more concurrent infections than patients without HIV, especially those with a lower CD4 count. Recent ART initiation or reinitiation rates were high. Significant differences in CT brain imaging findings were seen. Understanding the multifactorial mechanisms underlying increased stroke risk, including associated infections and potential ART-associated immune reconstitution, is crucial and needs further study.
Family Care Of Mental Patients. A Review Of Systems Of Family Care In America And Europe. Editor:<i>Horatio M. Pollock, Ph. D.</i>Contributors: Edgar A. Doll, Ph. D.; Harry A. LaBurt, M. D.; Phillip Smith, M. D.; Charles E. Thompson, M. D.; Charles L. Vaux, M. D. (Utica, New York: State Hospitals Press, 1936.)
Authors: E. P. Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)
Asymptomatic bone marrow involvement in patients presenting with cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
Authors: E. Bathelier, L. Thomas, B. Balme, B. Coiffier, G. Salles, F. Berger, M. Ffrench, C. Sebban, P. Biron, S. Dalle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZL) is one of the most frequent B‐cell lymphomas of the skin. In the recent WHO–EORTC classification primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma is defined as lymphoma involving the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis.1 An MZL located to the skin can be a primary cutaneous MZL (PCMZL) or a secondary cutaneous spread of a disseminated MZL. We aimed to determine the initial presentations and outcomes for our patients presenting with a skin lesion of MZL. Patients who were registered in our dermatopathological database between January 2000 and June 2006 and for whom the diagnosis of MZL was retained were studied. Five other patients had a diagnosis of extracutaneous MZL before the onset of cutaneous lesions (not analysed in clinical results). Biopsy specimens were reviewed by two pathologists (B.B., F.B.) using criteria of the WHO–EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of IgH gene found clonal rearrangement in 31 of 39 cases (79%).
THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE AS AN AID IN GENERAL MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.
Authors: L. D. BROSE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Every man, in the general practice of medicine, is continually meeting with patients whose symptoms are obscure and the question of diagnosis is long unsolved. A careful ophthalmoscopic examination in these cases may at once detect hidden eye lesions that not only serve to identify the general disorder but also furnish us a correct prognosis. Perhaps the relation of a few cases at the outset will make the subject more interesting and impress you with the importance of giving this matter your close attention. Joseph G., aged 27 years was referred to me by Dr. Edwin Walker. He complains of seeing very poorly, and of headache in the back and sides of the head. The left leg is often numb and there is a pricking sensation to the feet as if his shoes contained pins. The patella reflex is present and the urine negative. The pupils react to light, while