tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stimulus‐Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Drug and Gene Carriers
Authors: Yi Li, Guang Hui Gao, Doo Sung Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Polymeric nanoparticles are promising candidates as drug and gene carriers. Among polymeric nanoparticles, those that are responsive to internal or external stimuli are of greater interest because they allow more efficient delivery of therapeutics to pathological regions. Stimulus‐sensitive polymeric nanoparticles have been fabricated based on numerous nanostructures, including micelles, vesicles, crosslinked nanoparticles, and hybrid nanoparticles. The changes in chemical or physical properties of polymeric nanoparticles that occur in response to single, dual, or multiple stimuli endow these nanoparticles with the ability to retain cargoes during circulation, target the pathological region, and release their cargoes after cell internalization. This Review focuses on the most recent developments in the preparation of stimulus‐sensitive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications in drug and gene delivery.
TI-201 Chloride Scan in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
Authors: ROBERT M DAVIDSON, MARY E ROUND, NEELA LAMK, JAMES C LASKER, RUSH R LYNCH, BRUCE J BARRON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A was diagnosed by a combination of Tc-99m sulfur colloid, TI-201 chloride, X-ray computed tomography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, all of which supported the clinical and laboratory findings. The patient had undergone thyroidectomy for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and had a strong family history of thyroid “tumors.” Her serum calcitonin and urinary vanillylmandelic acid levels were markedly elevated before bilateral adrenalectomy, during which histopathologic confirmation of bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas was obtained. Follow-up calcitonin and vanillylmandelic acid levels will be measured.
Test for Chlorpropamide–Alcohol Flush Becomes Positive after Prolonged Chlorpropamide Treatment in Insulin-Dependent and Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
Authors: Serge Ng Tang Fui, Harry Keen, John Jarrett, Ved Gossain, Philip Marsden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A DISTINCT facial flush after ingestion of an alcoholic drink occurs in some diabetic patients treated with chlorpropamide.1 , 2 Leslie and Pyke3 , 4 have proposed that this response, now known as the chlorpropamide–alcohol flush,3 is a dominantly inherited genetic marker for a specific and common subtype of non–insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetics. Using a standard test for the chlorpropamide–alcohol flush, consisting of a single challenge with 250 mg of chlorpropamide followed 12 hours later by 40 ml of sherry,3 Leslie and Pyke reported positive responses (an unequivocal subjective flush sensation when the sherry was ingested after chlorpropamide but not after placebo) in 51 . . .
Morphine for Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In Dr. Weldon J. Walker's article on "Treatment of Heart Failure" in the June 3 issue ofThe Journal(228:1276, 1974), the use of morphine in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is not mentioned. While Dr. Walker does state that the patient's anxiety should be controlled, he relegates this to No. 8 in a list of ten measures to be taken in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema. It is generally recognized that the first step in treating a patient with acute pulmonary edema is an adequate dose of morphine. This not only relieves anxiety but also ameliorates his dyspnea and fear of impending death. I shall always remember a young man with kyphoscoliosis and heart failure who was admitted for the first time to the ward service of a large teaching hospital where I was the attending physician. The house staff informed me the next
Athletic Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Mack L. Clayton
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. Thorndike draws on a vast fund of experience of over 30 years' association with a program concerned with athletic injuries and tabulates the most complete, consecutive set of statistics available on athletic injuries. There are excellent, readable introductory chapters on the physiology involved in physical fitness and in fatigue. Excellent sections are devoted to prevention of injuries and obligations of physicians who undertake the care of athletes. There are several instances, in points of treatment, in which I would have to disagree with the author. In the discussion of a dislocated shoulder there is no differentiation made between the treatment for the initial dislocation and that for the recurrent dislocation. The recommended "application of heat and massage after two days and cautiously restricting shoulder motion in abduction for a period of three weeks" would not be considered adequate treatment for an initial dislocation in a young athlete. In such
THE PLACE OF THE LOW CERVICAL CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: JOHN COOKE HIRST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It has long been recognized that the risk of cesarean section rises rapidly the longer the patient has been in labor, and the longer the membranes have been ruptured. The mortality of cesarean section in the ideal case, when the patient is operated on before labor, is negligible. In the patient in labor for a considerable time, the mortality becomes a factor to be reckoned with and in the neglected case it becomes formidable. In the preantiseptic days, in an insuperably obstructed labor, the only alternative was to destroy the living child, and the obstetrician sought methods to deliver the child by operation and yet avoid the opening of the peritoneum. The original extraperitoneal operation, with incision parallel to Poupart's ligament, blunt dissection under the peritoneum to the cervix and vagina and delivery through the flank, was suggested by Joerg in 1809 but done first by Ritgen in 1821. The
Process-dependent risk of delayed health effects for welders.
Authors: R M Stern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

In most industrialized countries large numbers of workers are exposed to welding fumes. Although the general pattern of welders' health may not significantly differ from that of workers in other dusty industrial occupations which demonstrate elevated incidence of respiratory tract diseases with long latency periods, the extremely wide range of substances at potentially high concentrations produced by various welding technologies may give rise to undetected process-specific high-risk working conditions: ("hot spots"). The origin, prevalence and range of magnitude of such hot spots, especially for cancer of the respiratory tract, is discussed, with emphasis placed on the assessment of risk resulting from exposure to Cr(VI) and Ni accompanying the use of various technologies for the welding of stainless and high alloy steels. The wide variation of health effects found within the industry, however, indicates the need for a standard protocol for future epidemiological studies, as well as for the development of suitable methodologies for experimental risk assessment.
Role of Thymosin 4 in Tumor Metastasis and Angiogenesis
Authors: H.-J. Cha
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Expression of the small peptide thymosin beta4 is associated with angiogenesis induction, accelerated wound healing, and the metastatic potential of tumor cells. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which thymosin beta4 promotes metastasis.Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in mouse melanoma B16 cell lines and in B16-F10 cells derived from metastatic mouse lung tumors, respectively. B16-F10 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively. In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells. Statistical significance of all results was analyzed by two-tailed Student's t tests.Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured B16-F10 cells derived from lung metastases and in B16-F10 cells that had formed lung tumors after being injected into mice but not in the B16-F1, B16-F10, or B16-BL6 cell lines. The mean tumor sizes in mice 20 days after injection with B16-F10 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036). The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in mice (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001). Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in B16-F10 cell migration and a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid tumors derived from injected B16-F10 cells but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity. This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.Thymosin beta4 may stimulate tumor metastasis by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.
Assessing Pulmonary Hypertensive Vascular Disease in Childhood. Data from the Spanish Registry
Authors: M. J. del Cerro Marín, A. Sabaté Rotés, A. Rodriguez Ogando, A. Mendoza Soto, M. Quero Jiménez, J. L. Gavilán Camacho, I. Raposo Sonnenfeld, A. Moya Bonora, D. C. Albert Brotons, A. Moreno Galdó
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: There is a lack of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, clinical characterization, and survival in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in pediatric pulmonary hypertension in Spain.Methods: We analyzed data from the Spanish Registry for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. From January 2009 to June 2012, a total of 225 patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension in 1998 or after were collected from 21 referral and nonreferral centers. We included all Nice etiologies, estimated incidence and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in the Spanish pediatric population, and analyzed risk factors for mortality (Nice etiologic group, clinical and hemodynamic variables). Patients were classified as follows: group I, pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 142; 61%); group II, left heart disease (n = 31; 14%); group III, respiratory disease (n = 41; 18%); group IV, thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (n = 2; 1%); or group V, mostly inherited metabolic diseases (n = 10; 4.5%). Of the patients studied, 31% had multifactorial pulmonary hypertension.Measurements and Main Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 4.3 ± 4.9 years (50% < 2 yr). Survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 80 and 74% for the whole cohort, and 89 and 85% for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Independent risk factors for mortality included an etiologic group other than pulmonary arterial hypertension (P < 0.001), age at diagnosis younger than 2 years old (P < 0.001), advanced functional class at diagnosis (P < 0.001), and high right atrial pressure at diagnosis (P = 0.002).Conclusions: In moderate to severe pediatric pulmonary hypertension, the prognosis is better in pulmonary arterial hypertension than in other Nice categories. In pediatric pulmonary hypertension age at diagnosis younger than 2 years is a risk factor for mortality, in addition to the previously established risk factors.
Race, Gender May Help Determine Type of Stroke
Authors: Jody Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

RACE AND GENDER are being recognized as important factors in the type of stroke a patient experiences, according to New England researchers. Writing on the subject recently, Louis R. Caplan, MD, chair of the Department of Neurology, Tufts University, Boston, said, "A growing body of data suggests that there are important differences in the distribution of occlusive vascular disease in blacks and whites and in men and women" (<i>Stroke</i>1986;17:648-655). Caplan amplified on this report at an American Heart Association program in Monterey, Calif. He classified people with strokes into three groups, based on the blood vessel, and therefore the brain region, affected. He added a fourth group that he and colleagues suggest provides data in support of their hypothesis. The first group, of which two thirds are men, has blockage or narrowing of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, secondary to atherosclerosis. These patients also have a high incidence
Extrarectal Tumors Caused by Silent Carcinomas of the Stomach and Pancreas
Authors: Julian O. Salik
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Extrarectal masses in the recto-uterine or rectovesical excavation are not infrequent. Occasionally, patients present themselves with colonic complaints which point toward the rectosigmoid area but which, on subsequent examination, are proved to be caused by metastases seeding down from latent carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, usually the stomach or the pancreas. The primary lesion may be completely silent, and its dropped metastases should not be mistakenly diagnosed as colonic neoplasms.
Abstract 4272: NanoLucTM as an improved BRET donor to monitor EGFR interactions within living cells.
Authors: Matthew B. Robers, Thomas Machleidt, Thomas Kirkland, Carolyn Woodroofe, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Keith Wood
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract As a small, versatile protein fusion reporter, NanoLuc™ luciferase offers superior brightness and sensitivity compared to any luciferase described to date. The small size and enhanced brightness of NanoLuc™ makes it ideally suited as an energy donor for Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) to a variety of fluorescent acceptors within living cells. By combining genetic reporters such as NanoLuc™ luciferase and HaloTag™ fluorescent labelling technology, it is possible to monitor the interactions of cell surface receptors such as EGFR with adapter proteins in response to growth factor stimulation. In addition to demonstrating inducible protein interactions, it may also be possible to apply this foundational BRET system to the measurement of ligand or small molecule binding events within living cells. Citation Format: Matthew B. Robers, Thomas Machleidt, Thomas Kirkland, Carolyn Woodroofe, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Keith Wood. NanoLucTM as an improved BRET donor to monitor EGFR interactions within living cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4272. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4272
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in a patient with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis
Authors: JACK R. LICHTENSTEIN, ELISABETH J. BABE, BERTRAM F. FELSHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Porphyria cutanea tarda, diagnosed by reduced levels of red cell uroporphyrin decarboxylase and raised plasma porphyrins, developed in a patient with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidneys, treated with haemodialysis, who had normal total urinary and faecal porphyrins. Haemodialysis did not alter plasma porphyrin levels and we deduced that most of the plasma porphyrins were circulating in high molecular weight protein complexes.
Abstract LB-364: The ACRBP tumor antigen normalizes mitotic spindle function to promote cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Amy K. Wehn, Yang Xie, John O. Schorge, Angelique W. Whitehurst
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor cells can undergo a productive mitosis despite the wholesale presence of chromosomal aberrations. While this behavior may generate plasticity with respect to the acquisition of tumorigenic traits, it also represents a vulnerability for therapeutic intervention. Using a whole genome siRNA screen for modifiers of chemoresponsiveness, we identified the tumor antigen ACRBP/OY-TES-1 as a specifier of paclitaxel resistance. ACRBP is as a cancer-testis antigen, a class of genes whose expression is selective to the testes but frequently activated in a wide range of tumors. Scant functional data exists on the contribution of CT-antigens to tumorigenic phenotypes. Here, we find that ACRBP is both necessary and sufficient for paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian tumor explants. Furthermore, depletion of ACRBP significantly sensitizes ovarian tumor cells to paclitaxel in an orthotopic xenograft model system. We identified the mitotic spindle component NuMA as an ACRBP-interacting protein that may account for the effects of ACRBP on paclitaxel sensitivity. In particular, ACRBP depletion results in mitotic errors and reduced proliferative fitness that can be rescued by NuMA co-depletion. ACRBP appears to modulate NuMA protein levels, potentially by regulating its post-translational modifications. Remarkably, NuMA overexpression, a frequent event in tumors, is sufficient to induce expression of ACRBP. We propose that activation of ACRBP is positively selected for during tumor evolution to buttress mitotic spindle fidelity and chromosome segregation. Identification and elaboration of elements of the genome that are subverted to support essential cell biological processes in tumor cells present new therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-364. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-364
The Immunogenicity of the hTERT540-548 Peptide in Cancer
Authors: Lynn Wenandy, Rikke Bæk Sørensen, Lisa Sengeløv, Inge Marie Svane, Per thor Straten, Mads Hald Andersen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, is an attractive target antigen for cancer immunotherapy due to its expression in the vast majority of human tumors. The first immunogenic peptide described from hTERT was the HLA-A2–restricted peptide hTERT540 (ILAKFLHWL). However, much discrepancy exists about the processing and presentation of this epitope on the surface of neoplastic cells. Originally, it was described that specific CTL can be generated in vitro and that such cells are able to kill a range of hTERT+ tumor cell lines and primary tumors in a peptide-specific, HLA-A2–restricted fashion. Furthermore, it was described that vaccination of cancer patients with hTERT540 introduced functional antitumor CD8+ T cells in patients. More recently, it was described that most patients with cancer have circulating hTERT540-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, several other studies have concluded that hTERT540 is not presented on the surface of tumor cells and that immunization of cancer patients with hTERT540 leads to the introduction of specific T cells that do not recognize tumor cells in vivo. In the present commentary, we summarize these highly contradictive results about this potentially very important T-cell epitope. Furthermore, we describe novel data showing that naturally occurring immune responses against hTERT540 are, although rare, present in cancer patients and that such hTERT540-specific T cells are able to recognize and kill cancer cells. Hence, our data support the findings that hTERT540 peptide is presented by human tumors and can be a target for CTL-mediated tumor lysis.
The Renal Lesion in Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum
Authors: J. R. Colley, D. L. Miller, M. S. R. Hutt, H. J. Wallace, H. E. de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1958)

KWASHIORKORGillman (1945) dilatation of sinusoids was never observed; on the other hand, in all fatty livers sinusoids were closed.Gillman, Gillman, Mandelstam, and Gilbert (1945), in rats fed on a diet of mealie pap, the staple food of African children, observed dilatation of sinusoids as a separate pathological finding occurring independently of fatty change and cirrhosis.The finding of dilatation of sinusoids in the present series is a new observation in connexion with studies in human beings.Out of the 34 cases, in two cases histological examination showed the presence of malarial haemozoin pigment in Kupffer cells, and in four cases there was evidence of tuber- culous infection.These are coexistent lesions and play no part in the pathogenesis of the disease.There aregrounds for suggesting that inl kwashiorkor there may be deficiency not only of choline but also of both methionine and cystine, resulting in massive necrosis and post-necrotic cirrhosis, though the latter is of rare occur- rence (3% in the present series).Although histologically there is fibrosis of the liver in this syndrome, producing a typical picture of cirrhosis, this usually does not present as fully developed cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction and portal obstruction such as is seen in infantile cirrhosis of Indian children, in which the histological picture is different, and has been described by Rao (1935) as subacute toxic cirrhosis. SummaryStudy of the histology of the liver in children suffering from kwashiorkor shows the evolution of cirrhosis from fatty change (post-infiltrative cirrhosis).This is a separate entity of cirrhosis, clinically and pathologically, distinct from the commonly occurring infantile biliary cirrhosis as described by Gibbons (1883, 1890).Other than fatty change in the liver in kwashiorkor, dilatation of sinusoids may be the only pathological change.Very rarely there may be massive hepatic necrosis and post-necrotic fibrosis.The clinical part of this work was carried out in the Medical College Hospitals, and the work on morbid anatomy and histo- logy in the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Cal- cutta.I am indebted to the Principal and Superintendent, Medi- cal College Hospitals, for constant help and kind encouragement.I offer my sincere and grateful thanks to Dr. B. P. Tribedi, late Professor of
CXC Ligand 5 Is an Adipose-Tissue Derived Factor that Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance
Authors: Carine Chavey, Gwendal Lazennec, Sylviane Lagarrigue, Cyrielle Clapé, Irena Iankova, Jacques Teyssier, Jean-Sébastien Annicotte, Julien Schmidt, Chikage Mataki, Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Rosario Sanches, Anna Guma, Vladimir Stich, Michaela Vitkova, Bénédicte Jardin-Watelet, Eric Renard, Robert Strieter, Antoinette Tuthill, Gôkhan S. Hotamisligil, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Antonio Zorzano, Dominique Langin, Lluis Fajas
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)