tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative modeling of soil sorption for xenobiotic chemicals.
Authors: A Sabljić
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Experimentally determining soil sorption behavior of xenobiotic chemicals during the last 10 years has been costly, time-consuming, and very tedious. Since an estimated 100,000 chemicals are currently in common use and new chemicals are registered at a rate of 1000 per year, it is obvious that our human and material resources are insufficient to experimentally obtain their soil sorption data. Much work is being done to find alternative methods that will enable us to accurately and rapidly estimate the soil sorption coefficients of pesticides and other classes of organic pollutants. Empirical models, based on water solubility and n-octanol/water partition coefficients, have been proposed as alternative, accurate methods to estimate soil sorption coefficients. An analysis of the models has shown (a) low precision of water solubility and n-octanol/water partition data, (b) varieties of quantitative models describing the relationship between the soil sorption and above-mentioned properties, and (c) violations of some basic statistical laws when these quantitative models were developed. During the last 5 years considerable efforts were made to develop nonempirical models that are free of errors imminent to all models based on empirical variables. Thus far molecular topology has been shown to be the most successful structural property for describing and predicting soil sorption coefficients. The first-order molecular connectivity index was demonstrated to correlate extremely well with the soil sorption coefficients of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylbenzenes, chlorobenzenes, chlorinated alkanes and alkenes, heterocyclic and heterosubstituted PAHs, and halogenated phenols. The average difference between predicted and observed soil sorption coefficients is only 0.2 on the logarithmic scale (corresponding to a factor of 1.5). A comparison of the molecular connectivity model with the empirical models described earlier shows that the former is superior in accuracy, performance, and range of applicability. It is possible to extend this model, with the addition of a single, semiempirical variable, to take care of polar and ionic compounds and to accurately predict the soil sorption coefficients for almost 95% of all organic chemicals whose coefficients have been reported. No empirical or nonempirical models have ever predicted the soil sorption coefficients to such a high degree of accuracy on such a broad selection of structurally diverse compounds. An additional advantage of the molecular connectivity model is that it is sufficient to know the structural formulas to make predictions about soil sorption coefficients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Further Reflections on Cervical Discography
Authors: Earl P. Holt
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Ten years ago in The Journal, I<sup>1</sup>presented evidence that cervical discography was without diagnostic value and was prompting overdiagnosis and serving as an excuse for unnecessary surgical treatment. Evidence has accumulated to uphold this view, and, in my opinion, unless some modification of method and interpretation of the test is forthcoming, it should be abolished. (<i>JAMA</i>231:613-614, 1975)
Low Dose of Some Persistent Organic Pollutants Predicts Type 2 Diabetes: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Duk-Hee Lee, Michael W. Steffes, Andreas Sjödin, Richard S. Jones, Larry L. Needham, David R. Jacobs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Low doses of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) associate cross-sectionally with type 2 diabetes, whereas associations with high POP exposures are inconsistent.We investigated whether several POPs prospectively predict type 2 diabetes within the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort.Participants in this nested case-control study were diabetes free in 1987-1988. By 2005-2006, the 90 controls remained free of diabetes, whereas the 90 cases developed diabetes. Using serum collected in 1987-1988, we measured 8 organochlorine pesticides, 22 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), and 1 polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). We compared POP concentrations from CARDIA and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2004. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for incident diabetes using logistic regression analysis.Chlorinated POPs in CARDIA in 1987-1988 were much higher than corresponding NHANES 2003-2004 concentrations. POPs showed nonlinear associations with diabetes risk. The highest risk was observed in the second quartiles of trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, mirex, highly chlorinated PCBs, and PBB153-a finding that suggests low-dose effects. We concentrated risk by summing these POPs and isolated very low concentrations of multiple POPs in the lowest sextile of the sum. The adjusted OR in the second sextile vs. the lowest sextile was 5.3 overall and 20.1 for body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2.Several POPs at low doses similar to current exposure levels may increase diabetes risk, possibly through endocrine disruption. Certain POPs may a play a role in the current epidemic of diabetes, which has been attributed to obesity.
Embolus of the Basilar Artery
Authors: C. M. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1886)

ptoms were only developed contemporaneously with the cereoral disturbances, and I believe they are but the mechanical expression of increased intracranial pressure.I have, on more than one occasion, seen patients who were suffering from acute symptoms of lead-poisoning, whose discs I had examined in the morning and found normal, the same evening became the victims of the most acute cerebral sym- ptoms.Violent epileptiform convulsions, dilated pupils, blindness, exhibit a well inarked " Stauungs-papilla," or choked disc.I have known these patients pass into a semi-comatose condition, and remain so for several days, anid then gradually recover, with impaired mental faculties and different degrees of blindness.
Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis. Preferential induction of a regulatory T helper type 2 lymphocyte subset.
Authors: C L King, S Mahanty, V Kumaraswami, J S Abrams, J Regunathan, K Jayaraman, E A Ottesen, T B Nutman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The immunological mechanisms involved in maintenance of an asymptomatic microfilaremic state (MF) in patients with lymphatic filariasis remain undefined. MF patients have impaired filarial antigen (Ag)-specific lymphocyte proliferation and decreased frequencies (Fo) of Ag-specific T cells, and yet elevated serum IgE and antifilarial IgG4. To investigate the mechanism of Ag-specific anergy in MF patients in contrast to amicrofilaremic individuals with chronic lymphatic obstruction (CP), the Fo of Ag-specific lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma were assessed by filter spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA transcript levels were assessed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. The Fo of filaria-specific IL-4-secreting lymphocytes were equivalent in both MF (geometric mean [GM] = 1:11,700) and CP (GM = 1:29,300 P = 0.08), whereas the Fo of IFN-gamma-secreting lymphocytes were lower in MF (GM = 1:39,300) than in CP (GM = 1:4,200, P < 0.01). When the ratio of IL-4/IFN-gamma (T helper type 2 [Th2]/Th1)-secreting cells was examined, MF subjects showed a predominant Th2 response (8:1) compared with a Th1 response in CP individuals (1:4). mRNA transcript levels of IL-10 were also significantly elevated in MF compared with CP individuals (P < 0.01). Further, IL-10 and TGF-beta were shown to have a role in modulating the Ag-specific anergy among MF subjects, in that neutralizing anti-IL-10 or anti-TGF-beta significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation response (by 220-1,300%) to filarial Ags in MF individuals. These findings demonstrate that MF subjects respond to parasite antigen by producing a set of suppressive cytokines that may facilitate persistence of the parasite within humans while producing little clinical disease.
Simultaneous development of two cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the same lot of L-tryptophan in Japan
Authors: Tomoko Mizutani, Hitoshi Mizutani, Kenji Hashimoto, Yasuo Nakamura, Machiko Kishida, Hirotaka Taniguchi, Minoru Murata, Shigeki Kuzuhara, Masayuki Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
TCTAP A-073 Angiographic and Clinical Outcome of Drug-eluting Stent Implantation for Right Coronary Ostial Lesion
Authors: Shinsuke Mori, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Tamon Kato, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Masakazu Tsutsumi, Hiroya Takafuji, Takahiro Tokuda, Makino Kenji
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
F-18 FDG PET/CT Demonstration of Lymphohistiocytic Meningitis
Authors: Mehrdad Ali Mansouri, Andrei Iagaru
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

In an 11-year-old girl F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was requested to evaluate mental status changes and choreiform movements. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was unremarkable. PET showed increased FDG uptake in the right frontoparietal area and the basal ganglia. Biopsy of the right frontoparietal cortex showed lymphohistiocytic meningitis. The patient had expressive aphasia and motor apraxia 9 months later. Follow-up PET showed diffusely decreased FDG uptake in the right cerebral cortex and crossed cerebellar diaschisis. The increased FDG uptake in the right frontoparietal area on the initial PET scan may represent malignancy (Fischman AJ, Cancer Treat Res. 2008;143:67–92), ictal epileptogenic focus (Shore RM, Pediatr Ann. 2008;37:404–412), or infection/inflammation (Calfee DP, Wispelwey B, Semin Neurol. 2000;20:353–360) but the absence of a mass on CT and MRI, as well as the lack of seizure activity at the time of the scan exclude the former and leave infection/inflammation as the most likely diagnosis. Lymphohistiocytic meningitis was not previously reported on F-18 FDG PET.
Blood vessel endothelial VEGFR-2 delays lymphangiogenesis: an endogenous trapping mechanism links lymph- and angiogenesis
Authors: Shintaro Nakao, Souska Zandi, Yasuaki Hata, Shuhei Kawahara, Ryoichi Arita, Alexander Schering, Dawei Sun, Mark I. Melhorn, Yasuhiro Ito, Nuria Lara-Castillo, Tatsuro Ishibashi, Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
Journal: Blood (2010)
Management of Epilepsy With Diphenylhydantoin Sodium
Authors: Henn Kutt
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Levels of diphenylhydantoin sodium in the blood can be correlated with its clinical effects and intoxication. Therapeutic levels (10μg/ml to 15μg/ml are reached within 5 to 15 days when 300 mg are given daily; and with a larger (up to 1,000 mg) initial dose, within a few hours (orally) or minutes (intravenously). Two groups of unusual responses to commonly used doses of diphenylhydantoin have been observed. (1) Low tolerance to the drug which can be caused by congenital enzymatic deficiency, liver disease, or metabolic interference by other drugs. A reduction of the daily dose is necessary in these patients. (2) Refractoriness to diphenylhydantoin which can be caused by excessive diphenylhydantoin metabolism, deficient absorption, and unreliable diphenylhydantoin intake. An increase of dose, administering diphenylhydantoin parenterally, or supervising drug intake will provide adequate blood levels in these patients.
Rupture of Papillary Muscle during Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R Verma, I Freeman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. Examination of a 48-year-old man with a two-hour history of chest pain and dyspnea revealed him to be acutely ill, with tachypnea, a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 117 beats per minute, and severe pulmonary edema, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. The electrocardiogram (Panel A) revealed sinus tachycardia, left atrial and ventricular enlargement, and ST-segment depression in leads I, II, III, aVF, V3, V4, V5, and V6. Transthoracic echocardiography showed complete rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle (arrow in Panel B), prolapse of the muscle . . .
Extracorporeal therapy in sepsis: are we there yet?
Authors: Ashutosh M. Shukla
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

The role of extracorporeal therapies (ECTs) in sepsis is unclear and is a strongly debated topic in critical-care medicine. Unfortunately, much of this debate arises because we lack a clear understanding of what defines the stage and severity of the disease, and the pivotal pathophysiological events dictating outcomes. In the absence of this knowledge, ECTs remain among a large group of therapies with high promise but unproven efficacy.
Meta-analysis: Acupuncture for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Eric Manheimer, Klaus Linde, Lixing Lao, Lex M. Bouter, Brian M. Berman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture for treating knee osteoarthritis. Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases to January 2007. No language restrictions were applied. Study Selection: Randomized trials longer than 6 weeks in duration that compared needle acupuncture with a sham, usual care, or waiting list control group for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Data Extraction: Two authors independently agreed on eligibility, assessed methodological quality and acupuncture adequacy, and extracted outcome data on pain and function measures. Data Synthesis: Eleven trials met the selection criteria, and 9 reported sufficient data for pooling. Standardized mean differences were calculated by using differences in improvements from baseline between patients assigned to acupuncture and those assigned to control groups. Compared with patients in waiting list control groups, patients who received acupuncture reported clinically relevant short-term improvements in pain (standardized mean difference, −0.96 [95% CI, −1.21 to −0.70]) and function (standardized mean difference, −0.93 [CI, −1.16 to −0.69]). Patients who received acupuncture also reported clinically relevant short- and long-term improvements in pain and function compared with patients in usual care control groups. Compared with a sham control, acupuncture provided clinically irrelevant short-term improvements in pain (standardized mean difference, −0.35 [CI, −0.55 to −0.15]) and function (standardized mean difference, −0.35 [CI, −0.56 to −0.14]) and clinically irrelevant long-term improvements in pain (standardized mean difference, −0.13 [CI, −0.24 to −0.01]) and function (standardized mean difference, −0.14 [CI, −0.26 to −0.03]). Limitation: Sham-controlled trials had heterogeneous results that were probably due to the variability of acupuncture and sham protocols, patient samples, and settings. Conclusions: Sham-controlled trials show clinically irrelevant short-term benefits of acupuncture for treating knee osteoarthritis. Waiting list–controlled trials suggest clinically relevant benefits, some of which may be due to placebo or expectation effects.
Guterman Test in Threatened Abortion
Authors: S. Bender
Journal: BMJ (1948)

In a recent paper (Bender, 1947) experimental work was reviewed which suggested that the administration of progesterone in the treatment of threatened abortion is indicated where there is a natural deficiency of the hormone, but that its use in the absence of progesterone deficiency is not only pointless but possibly increases the chances of the abortion progressing.This is because one
Replace clonazepam with an alternative antiepileptic drug to reduce drug misuse
Authors: R. England, N. Dholakia, E. Tukmachi, T. Murphy De Souza, B. Moss, S. Ovaisi
Journal: BMJ (2012)

As a group of GPs who work in a women’s prison we welcome the series on prison medicine.1 We want to raise a matter that has profound implications for prison care and for primary care prescribing—the widespread misuse of prescription drugs obtained from GPs and drug services.

Predominant …
Surgical Repair of a False Aneurysm of the Left Ventricle Resulting from a Separation Between the Aorta and the Heart
Authors: CLARENCE S. WELDON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In the case of at 44-year-old Negro man with lupus erythematosus reported, a rapidly expanding mass had developed in the region of the left ventricle. Surgical exploration revealed a false aneurysm arising from a defect at the base of the heart. The defect is interpreted as a separation of the aorta from the heart in the region of the left coronary cusp of the aortic valve. Surgical repair is outlined and illustrated. The relationship of this defect to annular subvalvular aneturysm occurring in African Negroes is discussed.
'A????[unk]?? ' a?[unk]st? X??µe???. Achilles Rose in His Wrath.
Authors: Alrebt T. Huntington
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Brooklyn, Feb. 25, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof February 14 there appeared a letter from one, Achilles Rose, M.D., who seems to have a grievance of some kind. Our attention has just been called to his amusing invective. The editors of the<i>Medical Library and Historical Journal</i>doubtless would have qualified as "men of learning" if only the journal had been published in modern Greek. This "monstrosity" might then have seemed as sweet as "A Rose of Yesterday." Alas! we are not "men of learning," and we do not claim to be—we are only men who are learning. There is only one man of learning, only one —and he will not quote titles of books "because many of these titles are misspelled." We are desolate. We once knew of a woman who never married because some men are bad. All mankind grieved. The writer acknowledges the justness
Multi-functional liposomes having temperature-triggered release and magnetic resonance imaging for tumor-specific chemotherapy
Authors: Kenji Kono, Seiji Nakashima, Daisuke Kokuryo, Ichio Aoki, Hiroaki Shimomoto, Sadahito Aoshima, Kazuo Maruyama, Eiji Yuba, Chie Kojima, Atsushi Harada, Yukihito Ishizaka
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants.
Authors: P. Haddock
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants. Get access Peter Haddock Peter Haddock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Page 816a, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.816a Published: 01 August 1992
Assessing basketball ability in players with mental retardation
Authors: L Guidetti, E Franciosi, G P Emerenziani, M C Gallotta, C Baldari
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Background: Although athletes with mental retardation (MR) have achieved an important role, literature concerning the evaluation tests in basketball is still poor. Objective: To assess basketball ability before and after a 4-month training performed before championship for athletes with MR and to correlate ability variations with MR levels. Methods: 15 trained basketball players with MR (11 men and 4 women; age range 21–43 years; MR: 3 mild, 8 moderate, 8 severe and 1 profound). Athletes were tested before (pre) and after (post) 4 month training preceding the championship. The tests assessed 4 levels of ability , each one characterised by 4 fundamental areas of this game: ball handling, reception, passing and shooting. Each area was divided into 5 specific components. Results: The team average score, based on the score of each athlete’s 4 levels , improved by 6.6 points (41.6 (SD 11.9) vs 48.2 (14.7)). The comparison between pre and post scores in each level showed increases (p&lt;0.01), especially in level II (14.4 (3.5) vs 16.5 (3.3)) and in level III (7.1 (5.7) vs 9.2 (6.6)). Within level II, ball handling (3.67 (1.2) vs 4.37 (0.5); p&lt;0.05) and passing (3.20 (1.2) vs 3.97 (1.3); p&lt;0.01) improved; in level III reception (3.21 (1.1) vs 3.73 (1.1); p = 0.01) and shooting (1.82 (1.1) vs 2.45 (1.3); p&lt;0.05) increased. Conclusions: A 4 month training caused a general improvement, especially evident in levels II and III. Total score reached in level II was negatively correlated with MR level (r = −0.56; p&lt;0.05), indicating that athletes with lower MR obtained higher scores.
Bad faith, hope, and charity
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Emergency endoscopy on 332 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding showed that 178 had peptic ulcers; 28 of these were actively bleeding (spurting) and 108 showed stigmata of recent haemorrhage (vessels or spots in the ulcer base) suggesting a risk of rebleeding. These 136 patients were randomly allocated to Argon laser photocoagulation or to no additional therapy (controls) at the time of initial endoscopy. All patients received conventional management, and the controlling clinicians did not know whether or not the laser had been used in any individual patients. The laser system proved both simple and safe in use. Initial haemostasis was achieved by the laser in 10 of 15 9spurting vessels9, but four of 13 9control9 spurting vessels also stopped bleeding spontaneously. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the laser treated and control groups in terms of rebleeding, the need for surgical intervention, or death. These results require amplification in larger trials, and comparison with other studies using different protocols and other haemostatic methods.
Role of renal metabolism in risk to toxic chemicals.
Authors: L H Lash
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The kidneys are capable of carrying out extensive oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation reactions. Renal cortex has high activities of cytochrome P450 and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. In contrast, renal medulla has high activity of prostaglandin synthetase, which can catalyze co-oxidation of xenobiotics. While these pathways are found in many tissues and at higher activities than in kidney, several key enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are found at especially high activities in cells of the renal proximal tubule. Investigations over the last two decades demonstrated that GSH conjugation is not only a mechanism for detoxification of reactive electrophiles. Rather, metabolism of GSH S-conjugates to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugates represents a branch point: cysteine S-conjugates may be metabolized by the cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyl-transferase to mercapturic acids, which are nontoxic and are excreted, or they may be substrates for the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, which catalyzes either a beta-elimination or a transamination reaction to produce unstable thiols. These thiols rearrange to form potent acylating species that can covalently bind to cellular macromolecules, thereby producing cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In addition to the beta-lyase, two other renal enzymes, L-2-amino (2-hydroxy) acid oxidase and cysteine conjugate S-oxidase, can bioactivate chemicals to produce nephrotoxic species. Several halogenated alkanes and alkenes are bioactivated by these pathways. These findings show that mammalian kidney is highly active in bioactivation of xenobiotics. Although the properties of the corresponding enzymes in humans may differ, it is clear that renal metabolism can be a critical determinant of risk to chemical injury.
In-hospital outcome is improved in women after percutaneous coronary intervention and is similar to that in men in the era of routine platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and stenting
Authors: Vladimir Dzavik, Cynthia Jackevicius, John Ross, Leonard Schwartz, Karen Mackie, Peter McLaughlin, Alan Barolet, Paul Daly, Douglas Ing, Steven Miner, Peter Seidelin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)