tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Innervation and receptor profiles of the human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat gland: routes for intervention in bromhidrosis
Authors: S.L. Lindsay, S. Holmes, A.D. Corbett, M. Harker, D.L. Bovell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat glands secrete in response to local or systemic administration of catecholamines and cholinergic agonists. As the process of secretion in human apocrine glands is not fully understood and no literature detailing the expression of adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic receptors is available, there is a need to know the receptor types. Such data could provide new approaches for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. Objectives To investigate the localization of nerve fibres, adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic receptors in human axillary apocrine sweat glands by immunohistochemistry. Methods Human axillary apocrine sweat glands were investigated by serial sectioning of paraffin wax‐embedded skin samples from volunteers. Sections were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against neurofilament, α‐ and β‐adrenoceptors, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4 purinoceptors, and M3 cholinoceptors. Results Neurofilaments were found near the eccrine but not the apocrine gland. Apocrine glands demonstrated the presence of β‐2 and β‐3 adrenoceptors in the secretory coil of the gland, but not α‐1, β‐1 or M3 receptors. Glandular purinergic staining (P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4) was found in what looked like myoepithelial cells, while P2Y1 and P2Y2 staining was found on apical membranes and diffusely throughout secretory cells. Eccrine gland staining acted as internal positive controls. Conclusions No nerve fibres were found near the apocrine gland, suggesting that any catecholamine influence is through humoral effects and that glands could be influenced by β‐adrenoceptor subtypes and purinoceptors. Blockage of both these types of receptors offers a route to controlling apocrine secretion from axillary glands and reducing the opportunity for the development of bromhidrosis.
Exercise to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk — How Much Is Enough?
Authors: Alan R. Tall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Increasing levels of physical activity are associated with a decrease in cardiovascular events. Controlled clinical trials suggest that exercise has benefits in persons with coronary artery disease and in those with glucose intolerance.1 Exercise produces improvements in mood, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipoprotein profiles, but the amount and intensity of exercise required in order to attain these benefits and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this issue of the Journal, Kraus et al.2 report on changes in plasma lipoprotein levels and particle sizes in an eight-month, randomized trial involving different amounts and intensities of exercise among overweight . . .
Incidence of Malformations Since the Introduction of Thalidomide
Authors: I. M. Leck, E. L. M. Millar
Journal: BMJ (1962)

CATHETER-INDUCED INFECTIONSMEDIALJOURNAL may not always be desirable to instil fluid into the bladder.If chlorhexidine solution is instilled its concen- tration should not exceed-1/5,000, since there is some evidence that stronger solutions-for example, 1/1.000 -may irritate the bladder mucosa (Paterson et al., 1960).Both procedures should therefore be of practical value and preferable to the prophylactic administration of systemic antibiotics, which is likely to breed drug- rcsistant pathogens. SummaryTwo methods of preventing urinary infection after catheterization of female patients have been investigated.Disinfection of the urethra prior to catheterization, by means of a lubricant containing chlorhexidine, was moderately effective against Gram-negative bacilli but not against Streptococcus faecalis.The instillation of chlorhexidine solution into the bladder after catheteriza- tion was very effective against all species of organisms encountered.We are grateful to the Medical Research Council and to the Research Committee of the United Bristol Hospitals for grants which enabled us to do this work.We also thank Mrs. B. B. Lennon and Mr. G. H
Bone Scintigraphy in Tuberculous Sacroiliitis
Authors: CARYL G. SALOMON, AMJAD ALI, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Radionuclide bone imaging is becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pain of uncertain cause. A case in which Tc-99m MDP bone imaging was employed to investigate complaints of low back pain is presented. Scan abnormalities directed clinicians towards appropriate further workup and diagnosis of unilateral tuberculous sacroiliitis.
Interaction of calcium and gastrin on gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: J Christiansen, P Kirkegaard, P S Olsen, B Petersen
Journal: Gut (1984)

A dose response study of the effect on gastric acid secretion of synthetic human gastrin-17 in doses of 50,200, and 500 ng/kg/h was performed in eight healthy volunteers and in eight patients with duodenal ulcer. The study was repeated on a separate day during intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate (0.1 mmol Ca2+/kg/h). In healthy subjects the acid response to the combined infusion of synthetic human gastrin and calcium did not significantly exceed the response to synthetic human gastrin alone, in contrast with patients with duodenal ulcer in whom the combined infusion did significantly improve acid output compared with infusion of synthetic human gastrin alone. The dose of synthetic human gastrin required for half maximal acid response (D50) was reduced in both groups but significantly more in patients with duodenal ulcer. No difference in serum gastrin concentrations or in serum calcium concentrations were found. It is hypothesised that extracellular calcium plays a role in gastrin stimulated acid secretion in man and that patients with duodenal ulcer are more sensitive to this calcium dependent mechanism than non-duodenal ulcer subjects.
Reoxygenation-induced relaxation of coronary arteries. A novel endothelium-dependent mechanism.
Authors: L A Close, P S Bowman, R J Paul
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Coronary artery contractility is well known to be modulated by oxygen partial pressure. Both smooth muscle and the endothelium contribute to coronary artery oxygen sensitivity. Mechanisms underlying endothelium-dependent effects of oxygen include the sensitivity of the nitric oxide/endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), hydrogen peroxide, and eicosanoid pathways. In the present study, we characterize a novel endothelium-dependent component of porcine coronary artery oxygen sensitivity that is independent of these known pathways. Porcine coronary arteries were stimulated with either KCl or U46619. Hypoxia elicited a transient increase in force that was much greater in endothelium-intact arteries. This effect was abolished by nitric oxide/EDRF pathway inhibitors NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and N-nitro-L-arginine. In the steady state, hypoxia reduced isometric force to a similar degree in both intact and denuded arteries. Reoxygenation elicited a rapid and transient relaxation only in intact arteries. In contrast, this endothelium-dependent relaxation was not inhibited by nitric oxide/EDRF pathway inhibitors nor inhibitors of other potential oxygen-sensitive pathways, such as indomethacin, aminotriazole, superoxide dismutase, catalase, propranolol, or ouabain. The reoxygenation relaxation was, however, sensitive to very low levels of oxygen and was inhibited by cyanide and rotenone, suggesting an involvement of mitochondrial metabolism. Interestingly, the relaxation response to reoxygenation, similar to that for substance P, could be restored in denuded arteries by coupling with an endothelium-intact donor artery. This "sandwich" experiment suggests that the endothelium dependence is mediated by a transmissible factor. Our results indicate that a novel class of endothelium-dependent factors may contribute to coronary artery responses to changes in oxygen partial pressure.
Abstract 2475: Zpo2 promotes aggressive breast cancer development through downregulation of GATA3
Authors: Payam Shahi, Euan M. Slorach, Jonathan Chou, Devon Lawson, Ying Yu, Zena Werb
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer is the major cause of poor prognosis and death in women. The transcription factor GATA3 is a key mediator of luminal cell fate determination and homeostasis in adult mammary gland. Loss of GATA3 has been associated with development of metastatic mammary tumors. Here we describe a novel role for transcriptional repressor, Zeppo2 (zinc finger elbow-related proline domain protein2; Zpo2) (ZNF503) in promoting metastatic breast cancer through modulation of GATA3. We demonstrate that Zpo2, through its interaction with repressor of GATA (ROG) is capable of modulating GATA3 transcription in mammary epithelial cells. Overexpression of Zpo2 results in upregulation of EMT associated genes, decreased cell-cell adhesion and increased cellular invasiveness in 3D cultures. Additionally, overexpression of Zpo2 in mammary tumor cells results in enhancement of tumor growth and increased metastasis in orthotopic transplant models. Furthermore, to investigate the importance of Zpo2 in human breast cancer metastasis, we utilized a series of new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (primary human xenograft models). The PDX models ranged from poorly metastatic to highly metastatic as was observed in the (affected) original patients. Interestingly, higher Zpo2 expression levels correlate with more aggressive xenograft tumor models. Collectively, our data suggests that Zpo2 plays a potentially significant role in initiating aggressive breast cancer by modulating GATA3 in mammary epithelial cells. Citation Format: Payam Shahi, Euan M. Slorach, Jonathan Chou, Devon Lawson, Ying Yu, Zena Werb. Zpo2 promotes aggressive breast cancer development through downregulation of GATA3. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2475. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2475
Lack of Cardiovascular Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Chemically Denervated Men
Authors: CHARLES KANAKIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We have previously reported that 25 µg/kg of intravenous (i.v.) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) produces marked increases in heart rate, prolongation of left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate (LVETc), and a shortening of the pre-ejection period in normal volunteers. Beta-adrenergic blockade partially attenuates these responses. To elucidate further the mechanism of action of Δ-9-THC, we gave 10 normal volunteers 0.1 mg/ kg of i.v. propranolol and 2 mg of i.v. atropine before they received 25 µg/kg of i.v. Δ-9-THC. Systolic time intervals were compared in the denervated subjects before and after Δ-9-THC. Post Δ-9-THC responses were measured at a time approximating peak psychologic high. Mean ± SEM heart rate before and after Δ-9-THC was 89 ±4 and 87 ± 3 beats/min (NS); mean ± SEM pre-ejection period before and after Δ-9-THC was 107 ± 5 and 109 ± 4 ms (NS); and mean ± SEM LVETC before and after Δ-9-THC was 433 ±6 and 429 ± 6 ms (NS). Since previous denervation of our subjects with atropine and propranaolol totally abolished changes in heart rate and systolic time intervals, the cardiac effects of Δ-9-THC appear to be mediated totally via the autonomic nervous system, probably reflecting direct central nervous system stimulation.
Competition in general practice
Authors: Martin Marshall, Tim Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

UK general practitioners seem likely to face competition for their services.Can the market place improve on the weaknesses of primary care without affecting its strengths?General practice is bracing itself.After more than seven years of reform in the United Kingdom's acute sector, the political spotlight is now falling on primary care.A new contract was introduced in 2004 linking up to 20% of a practice's income to specified activities, 1 and further reform is on its way.General practice might be regarded by international observers as the jewel in the crown of the British health system, 2 but some policy makers are suggesting that it needs to be shaken up if it is to play its part in delivering a high quality, patient centred NHS.The government looks set to introduce some sort of competition into the primary care market.We explore the purpose of such a policy and its implications for patient care. General practice reformsMuch of the discussion about the future of general practice focuses on the nature of reform, rather than on its purpose.What options are people advocating?Some think it best to leave quality improvement in the hands of the medical profession, with the emphasis on formative educational approaches.Others think that the answer lies in actively managing performance, using targets and incentives to deliver measurable improvement.But there are policy makers who believe that these approaches have failed to deliver the required nature and pace of change.The future, they suggest, lies in market based solutions, exposing NHS providers to greater competition.The government seems to agree.Alternative models of primary care provision are currently being introduced into communities that have failed to replace retiring general practitioners. 3In addition, with its strong emphasis on promoting patient choice, the proposed white paper on care outside hospitals is likely to further expose general practices to competition.
TCT-714 A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Appraising The Efficacy and Safety of New Oral Antithrombotics in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Jae-Sik Jang, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Dong-Soo Kim, Tae-Jin Kim, Jae-Kyun Kim, Doo-Il Kim, Jeong-Sook Seo, Tae-Hyun Yang, Han-Young Jin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A knot in the ribbon
Authors: M. E Black
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The competitor in the rhythmic gymnastics final at the 2000 Olympic Games set a blinding pace, twirling her 3 m long ribbon as she somersaulted and flipped. Halfway through, disaster struck, and the ribbon doubled back on itself and knotted. Her chances at the gold medal now irretrievably lost, the athlete continued on bravely to the end, her ribbon no longer rippling properly. She had lost but she did not give in.

My friend sat in front of the television, blinking back tears. A gymnast herself, her own ribbon …
Regulation of the Degree of Emptying of the Left Ventricle by the Force of Ventricular Contraction
Authors: J. P. HOLT, J. Allensworth, J. Diana, David Collins, Helga Kines
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Results are presented which indicate that left ventricular end-systolic volume is determined by the force-length relationship of the ventricular muscle at the end of systole. In other words the muscle continues to shorten until it meets a certain force the magnitude of which depends on the length of the musclc fibers at that time; when it meets this force it shortens no further. Since the end-systolic volume is an important determinant of stroke volume the suggestion is made that future studies should be directed toward measuring the effect of various influences on the force-length relationship and the modulus of elasticity of the end of systole in addition to studying the effects on the end-diastolic volume.
Effect of chronic red cell transfusion therapy on vasculopathies and silent infarcts in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Elsie Gyang, Kristen Yeom, Carolyn Hoppe, Sonia Partap, Michael Jeng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Regular, chronic red cell transfusions (CTX) have been shown to be effective prophylaxis against stroke in sickle cell disease (SCD) in those at risk. Because serial brain imaging is not routinely performed, little is known about the impact of CTX on silent infarcts (SI) and cerebral vascular pathology. Thus, we retrospectively evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging reports of a cohort of SCD patients who were prescribed CTX for either primary or secondary stroke prophylaxis. Seventeen patients with Hb SS were included (mean age 15 years, mean follow-up 4.3 years). Eight patients were on CTX for primary prophylaxis. New SI occurred in 17.6% of patients corresponding to an SI rate of 5.42 per 100 patient-years. Vasculopathy of the cerebral arteries was present in 65% of patients and progressed in 63% of these patients. Those who developed progressive vasculopathy were on CTX for an average of 8 years before lesions progressed. Patients on CTX for secondary prophylaxis had more SIs and evidence of progressive vascular disease than patients on CTX for primary prophylaxis. We conclude that adherence to CTX does not necessarily prevent SI or halt cerebral vasculopathy progression, especially in those with a history of overt stroke.
Relationship of vital capacity and selected anthropometric variables to two-mile run time
Authors: R. N. McKethan, J. L. Mayhew
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1972)

Vital capacity has been investigated widely during the last century (Hutchinson, 1846; Dreyer, 1919; Hewlett and Jackson, 1922; Cureton, 1936) and attempts have been made to relate it to physical fitness status (Cureton, 1936; Davis, 1959). Attempts were made to determine the effects of training on vital capacity without great success (Davis, 1959; Adams, 1968; Wilmore et aL, 1970). Barring pathological conditions, the questions of the contribution of vital capacity to athletic performance and the association between anthropometric parameters and vital capacity were yet unsolved.
Alarming Head Symptoms, after Violent Exercise in Hot Weather, Relieved by Quinine
Authors: R. L. Bowles
Journal: BMJ (1857)

of age, and married, was attacked on the evening of July 0th, on his way lhome from the cricket-field, with most severe lheadache.He had walked, in the course of the day, about sixteen miles, besides having played for two hours at cricket.The day was hot and sultry.On arriving at home, he went to bed, but the severity of the pain in his head prevented his sleeping.
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome Associated With Infections Other Than Hepatitis B
Authors: Zoe Kececioglu Draelos
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Although the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is regularly associated with hepatitis B infection elsewhere, in North America that association is rarely made. Accordingly, we studied nine children with acral, symmetrical eruptions typical of GCS for evidence of other infections. All were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen. Viral cultures were done in nine patients, and viruses isolated in two. One patient with a respiratory prodrome had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolated, and a second patient studied simultaneously showed serological evidence of RSV infection. A third patient with both respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract symptoms yielded a polio-vaccine enterovirus. Two patients with fever and pharyngitis had group A beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throat. Skin biopsies were done in three cases, and findings were consistent with GCS. Electron microscopy of two lesional biopsy specimens failed to demonstrate viral particles. Epstein-Barr virus serological findings were negative in six cases and showed evidence of past infection in three cases. This study strengthens the observation that hepatitis B is not the causative agent of GCS in this country and suggests that multiple infectious agents may be associated with this distinctive exanthem.
Trunklike Projection in 10-Day-Old Girl
Authors: Sunita Agarwal
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

A10-day-old, full-termgirlpresentedwitha trunklikeprojection from themedial canthus of the left eye (Figure). Therewas noother craniofacial anomaly and bilateral nasal cavities were normal. The trunkwas 2.5 cm in length connected with a thin pedicle. There was mucus discharge from the opening. There was no history of teratogenic exposure, no family history of congenital defects, and no historyof consanguinity. Computed tomography (CT) scan andmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no other associated craniofacial abnormality. Figure. Full-term, 10-day-old girl with a trunklike projection from themedial canthus of the left eye.
An Outbreak of Eosinophilic Meningitis Caused by<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>in Travelers Returning from the Caribbean
Authors: Trevor J. Slom, Margaret M. Cortese, Susan I. Gerber, Roderick C. Jones, Timothy H. Holtz, Adriana S. Lopez, Carlos H. Zambrano, Robert L. Sufit, Yuwaporn Sakolvaree, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Barbara L. Herwaldt, Stuart Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis caused by the roundworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis are rarely reported, even in regions of endemic infection such as Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. We report an outbreak of A. cantonensis meningitis among travelers returning from the Caribbean.We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 23 young adults who had traveled to Jamaica. We used a clinical definition of eosinophilic meningitis that included headache that began within 35 days after the trip plus at least one of the following: neck pain, nuchal rigidity, altered cutaneous sensations, photophobia, or visual disturbances.Twelve travelers met the case definition for eosinophilic meningitis. The symptoms began a median of 11 days (range, 6 to 31) after their return to the United States. Eosinophilia was eventually documented in all nine patients who were hospitalized, although on initial evaluation, it was present in the peripheral blood of only four of the nine (44 percent) and in the cerebrospinal fluid of five (56 percent). Repeated lumbar punctures and corticosteroid therapy led to improvement in symptoms in two of three patients with severe headache, and intracranial pressure decreased during corticosteroid therapy in all three. Consumption of one meal (P=0.001) and of a Caesar salad at that meal (P=0.007) were strongly associated with eosinophilic meningitis. Antibodies against an A. cantonensis--specific 31-kD antigen were detected in convalescent-phase serum samples from 11 patients.Among travelers at risk, the presence of headache, elevated intracranial pressure, and pleocytosis, with or without eosinophilia, particularly in association with paresthesias or hyperesthesias, should alert clinicians to the possibility of A. cantonensis infection.
A Cholecystocolic Fistula Demonstrated by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: P. Schoeters, H. Fierens, L. Colemont, E. Van Moer
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 An 81-year-old woman, without any relevant medical history, underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) because of incidental pneumobilia discovered on plain abdominal radiography and ultrasound. She had only minimal right upper abdominal complaints, without the typical clinical features of gallbladder diseases. Clinical and blood examination revealed no abnormalities. The ERCP showed the pancreatic duct and biliary tree to have a normal caliber. After the biliary tree was filled, a fistulous tract from the gallbladder to the right colon at the level of the hepatic flexure was visualized. Arrow, fistulous tract; G, gallbladder
Therapeutic antibody targeting of Notch1 in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts
Authors: V Agnusdei, S Minuzzo, C Frasson, A Grassi, F Axelrod, S Satyal, A Gurney, T Hoey, E Seganfreddo, G Basso, S Valtorta, R M Moresco, A Amadori, S Indraccolo
Journal: Leukemia (2013)