tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genotypic and Phenotypic Evidence of Clonal Interactions in Murine Tumor Cells
Authors: T. Itaya, J.-G. Judde, B. Hunt, P. Frost
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The stability of mixed tumor cell populations has been described in terms of phenotypic characteristics such as metastatic potential, immunogenicity, and drug resistance. We have extended these analyses to the molecular level in a model that uses transfection of the hemagglutinin antigen (HA) gene of influenza virus into murine CT-26 colorectal carcinoma cells. Transfection was followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to select a parent population with expression of high levels of HA. We characterized this population (FACS-3) and four derived clones (5, 6, 9, and 18) over time with regard to phenotypic characteristics: immunogenicity and cross-protection against tumor challenge, cell surface expression of HA, evidence of HA gene amplification, and levels of HA mRNA. During 6 months in culture, the FACS-3 parent cells remained stable, but the individual clones varied for all of the parameters assessed. Among the clones, all possible molecular variations occurred, including changes in HA gene copy number (increased in clone 5 and decreased in clone 18), gene rearrangement (clone 5), decrease in HA mRNA (clones 6, 9, and 18), increase in HA mRNA (clone 5), and an abnormality in translational control or a posttranslational error. In all cases, the molecular changes correlated with cell surface HA expression, immunogenicity, and cross-protective potential. We conclude that in vitro clonal interactions play a role in stabilizing heterogeneity in this system. These studies show that even in the absence of selection, clonal interactions may alter the phenotype of tumors by increasing malignant progression or impeding tumor growth.
Cytotoxicity of fumonisin B1, diethylnitrosamine, and catechol on the SNO esophageal cancer cell line.
Authors: Rene B Myburg, Michael F Dutton, Anil A Chuturgoon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Mycotoxins that commonly contaminate staple food grains pose a health hazard to animals and humans. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema and has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer (EC) in the Transkei, South Africa. Various studies have indicated that nitrosamines induce EC, and F. verticillioides enhancement of nitrosamine-induced EC in rats has been reported. Dietary catechol (CAT), a constituent of cigarette smoke, was previously found to be a cocarcinogen with methyl-N-nitrosamine for inducing esophageal tumors in rats. In the present study we therefore investigated the cytotoxic effects of FB1, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and CAT on a human esophageal epithelial cell line (SNO) using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. For each treatment, toxin concentrations ranged from 2.165 to 34.64 micro M. The results showed that the cytotoxic response of SNO cells was highest in cells treated with 34.64 micro M FB1. SNO cells treated with DEN + FB1 showed greater cytotoxicity than did cells treated with FB1 alone, whereas FB1 appeared to inhibit the cytotoxic effect exerted by CAT alone. The results of this study provide further evidence for the involvement of FB1 in the etiology of esophageal carcinoma.
Treatment Decisions after Brain Injury — Tensions among Quality, Preference, and Cost
Authors: Robert G. Holloway, Timothy E. Quill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Many patients with sudden severe brain injury from stroke, trauma, or cardiac arrest die after family members and clinicians decide, given a poor prognosis, to withdraw treatment. Although it's difficult to estimate precisely how prevalent this trajectory to death is, as many as 60% of deaths from stroke, heart disease, and traumatic brain injury may involve some kind of treatment withdrawal, which makes it one of the most common pathways to death in the United States. Treatment withdrawal in acute brain injury differs from other terminal trajectories in many respects, including the fact that aggressive treatment might allow at least . . .
Toxoplasmosis in Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Stephen N. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Lethal, disseminated toxoplasmosis occurred in two patients, both of whom demonstrated severe central nervous system involvement. One patient, reported to have varicella zoster, was receiving immunosuppressive therapy following renal homotransplantation and is the third known patient to be reported with this infectious complication. The other patient was receiving steroids for severe marrow impairment due to a lymphoproliferative disorder, and had pathologic findings suggesting activation of latent disease.
Pain over time and its effects on life in thalassemia
Authors: Olivia Oliveros, Felicia Trachtenberg, Dru Haines, Eric Gerstenberger, Marie Martin, Susan Carson, Sage Green, Diane Calamaras, Pauline Hess, Robert Yamashita, Elliott Vichinsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Pain reports have become increasingly common and problematic in thalassemia. As patients are living longer,there is a growing need to study pain and to explore its impact on patient lives. The Brief Pain Inventory(BPI) was used quarterly to assess pain and pain interference in patients with thalassemia in North America.The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess quality of life, anxiety and depression. Of the 252 participants, 56% reported pain at least once over the course of this study, with 32% reporting severe pain (≥7/10); 16% reported pain at all four visits. Increased pain severity significantly interfered with daily life (P< 0.001; regression analysis) and participants with more sites of pain showed an increase in the amount of daily activities affected by pain(P50.001). Participants reporting more visits with pain reported a significantly higher impact on affective and physical function (P< 0.001). Physical quality of life decreased with increasing numbers of visits with pain (P< 0.001). Those who reported one or more sites of pain showed increased symptoms of both depression(P< 0.001) and anxiety (P50.003). Participants reporting at least two visits with pain had higher symptoms of anxiety (P50.002) and those with at least three visits reported higher symptoms of depression(P50.003). Pain is prevalent in thalassemia and is often a chronic condition that interferes with life. The study highlights the significance of pain in thalassemia and its impact, which should be considered in future research and treatments.
Indian study sparks debate on the use of placebo in psychiatry trials
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Indian doctors have questioned the ethics of a study in which patients with severe mental illness were given placebo for up to three weeks in eight hospitals across India.

In the double blind, placebo controlled study, which was carried out in 2001, 144 patients received placebo as part of an effort to evaluate the efficacy of the antipsychotic drug risperidone in patients with acute mania.

Hospital ethics committees had approved the study, which was supported by Johnson & Johnson, and doctors had obtained written informed consent from the patients or their legal representatives. The company and the principal investigators of the study have said that only patients whose symptoms were poorly controlled with standard treatment were admitted to the study.

The study found that patients who were given risperidone showed significantly greater improvements than the patients in the placebo group ( British Journal of Psychiatry 2005;187: 229-34).

“The study has helped establish the safety and efficacy of risperidone over and above placebo,” said Sumant …
Hemodynamic Determinants of Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Jonathan Myers, Victor F. Froelicher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Purpose: To synthesize information on hemodynamic determinants of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Data Identification: Relevant studies published from the mid-1960s to the present were identified by a manual search of the English-language literature and by bibliographic review of pertinent articles. Study Selection: Both controlled and observational studies that reported measures of either exercise time or oxygen uptake and hemodynamic variables in patients with heart failure were reviewed for quality and included when relevant to the discussion. Data Extraction: Key conclusions or data, or both, were extracted from each article and described. Data Synthesis: Exercise intolerance is a hallmark of chronic congestive heart failure. Studies have emphasized central factors and indices of systolic ventricular function, but poor relations have been consistently found between these measurements and exercise capacity. Recent data suggest that diastolic function (that is, ventricular filling and compliance) is an important factor affecting the ability to increase cardiac output and determining exercise capacity, but this issue needs further study. A clearer picture of histologic and biochemical abnormalities in skeletal muscle has recently emerged; patients with heart failure show greater glycolysis, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, and reduced oxidative enzyme activity. Vasodilatory abnormalities in heart failure were first described more than 20 years ago, and such abnormalities may underlie recently reported reductions in skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise. Relative hyperventilation is commonly observed during exercise in patients with heart failure and is related to ventilation-perfusion mismatching in the lung due to a higher-than-normal fraction of physiologic dead space. Neurohumoral abnormalities include reductions in beta-receptor density and sensitivity and contribute to reduced inotropic and chronotropic responses to exercise. Conclusions: Systolic function and exercise capacity are unrelated in patients with chronic heart failure, but many hemodynamic abnormalities (including those in the heart, lung, and skeletal muscle) overlap, which leads to exercise intolerance in these patients.
GALL-STONES AND DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER AND NERVOUS SYMPTOMS RESULTING THEREFROM.
Authors: EDWIN RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Gall-stones have been found in the bile-duct; in the intrahepatic cells; in adventitious sacs; situated between the hepatic ducts; beneath the ampullæ, and in different portions of the intestinal tract. In subjects of 50 years of age and over they are not infrequently the exciting cause of cancer of the liver and its ducts. Almost as frequently do they cause intestinal obstruction after having ulcerated through and into the duodenum. They are foreign bodies from the intrahepatic cells to the rectal pouch, and are the only foreign bodies in the human economy concerning which many physicians and fewer surgeons persist in teaching the very dangerous doctrine of "hands off" until the resulting deathrate becomes a reflection on our art, worthy of our most serious consideration. Infection coming from the intestinal tract, through the duodenal door opening into the liver by way of the common duct, along with the entering of
Increased levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor may reflect disease activity and play a role in thrombotic tendency in Behçet's disease
Authors: Mesut Akarsu, Fatih Demirkan, G. Hayri Özsan, Fatos Önen, Faize Yüksel, Sebnem Özkan, Bülent Ündar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz‐type proteinase inhibitor that has a crucial role in haemostasis and is primarily synthesized in the vascular endothelium. We investigated plasma total TFPI, antiphospholipid antibodies, and some other coagulation and fibrinolytic system parameters in 30 patients with Behçet's disease and 15 controls by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. TFPI levels were significantly higher in the Behçet's group (119 ± 57.5 ng/ml) compared with the control group (74.8 ± 31.5) ( P &lt; 0.009). We also noted a statistical significance in TFPI levels between patients with active disease ( n :16) (139 ± 55) and patients without activation ( n :14) (96 ± 53) ( P &lt; 0.03), whereas inactive patients lacked any significance when compared with the control group ( P &lt; 0.29). Other parameters disclosed no statistical significance between patients and control group except for elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels in the patient group ( P &lt; 0.003). Increased levels of TFPI may reflect a defensive mechanism like in other diseases characterized by thrombotic tendency and represent a parameter of disease activity. Am. J. Hematol. 68:225–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experience with 500 Fiberendoscopic Examinations of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Correlation of Radiographic and Endoscopic Findings
Authors: Y. Umezaki, J. Rider, E. Puletti
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Five hundred examinations, including 191 esophagoscopic and 182 duodenoscopic examinations were performed on 421 patients with fiberoptic endoscopes. Diagnoses determined by X-ray and gastroscopic examination were compared and the fibergastroscope was shown to be superior in the demonstration of gastric ulcers. We feel that the fiberendoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract complements and extends the information gained from radiologic examination.
Purified Poliomyelitis Vaccine— Clinical Appraisal
Authors: Carl Weihl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A new killed, purified, poliomyelitis virus vaccine is described. The viral antigens are essentially pure and are precisely measured to provide vaccine of uniformly high potency. The vaccine is free from detectable monkey-kidney antigen, so that the theoretical problem of renal autoimmunization is obviated. Two 0.5ml. doses of vaccine given 1 month apart elicited significant neutralizing antibody responses to the Parker Type-I poliovirus in 98% (52 out of 53) of initially sero-negative children. Comparable responses were found with respect to the Type-II MEF-1 and Type-III Saukett types. The authors believe that this purified vaccine answers the urgent need for a poliomyelitis vaccine that will consistently, rapidly, and safely immunize essentially all recipients against all 3 poliovirus types.
Myeloperoxidase, a catalyst for lipoprotein oxidation, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions.
Authors: A Daugherty, J L Dunn, D L Rateri, J W Heinecke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Oxidatively modified lipoproteins have been implicated in atherogenesis, but the mechanisms that promote oxidation in vivo have not been identified. Myeloperoxidase, a heme protein secreted by activated macrophages, generates reactive intermediates that oxidize lipoproteins in vitro. To explore the potential role of myeloperoxidase in the development of atherosclerosis, we determined whether the enzyme was present in surgically excised human vascular tissue. In detergent extracts of atherosclerotic arteries subjected to Western blotting, a rabbit polyclonal antibody monospecific for myeloperoxidase detected a 56-kD protein, the predicted molecular mass of the heavy subunit. Both the immunoreactive protein and authentic myeloperoxidase bound to a lectin-affinity column; after elution with methyl mannoside their apparent molecular masses were indistinguishable by nondenaturing size-exclusion chromatography. Peroxidase activity in detergent extracts of atherosclerotic lesions likewise bound to a lectin column and eluted with methyl mannoside. Moreover, eluted peroxidase generated the cytotoxic oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), indicating that enzymatically active myeloperoxidase was present in lesions. Patterns of immunostaining of arterial tissue with antihuman myeloperoxidase antibodies were similar to those produced by an antimacrophage antibody, and were especially prominent in the shoulder region of transitional lesions. Intense foci of myeloperoxidase immunostaining also appeared adjacent to cholesterol clefts in lipid-rich regions of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. These findings identify myeloperoxidase as a component of human vascular lesions. Because this heme protein can generate reactive species that damage lipids and proteins, myeloperoxidase may contribute to atherogenesis by catalyzing oxidative reactions in the vascular wall.
Abstract 2597: Identification of new genes for hereditary breast cancer
Authors: Ekaterina Sh. Kuligina, Anna P. Sokolenko, Evgeny N. Suspitsin, Aglaya G. Iyevleva, Elena V. Chekmariova, Svetlana N. Abysheva, Evgeny N. Imyanitov
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Major hereditary breast cancer (BC) genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, contribute to no more than 20-25% of familial BC clustering; therefore the majority of BC-predisposing mutations remain to be identified. We have selected for the study 95 BC cases, which showed accumulation of clinical signs of the genetic disease (e.g., occurrence of BC among multiple relatives and/or bilaterality and/or young age at onset), but could not be explained either by BRCA1/2 sequence alterations or by Russian founder mutations in CHEK2 (c.1100delC, c.444+1G&amp;gt;A, del5395) or NBN (657del5) genes. The entire coding regions of DNA repair genes were examined using high resolution melting (HRM) analysis and DNA sequencing. Three of 16 genes selected for the study (CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, BRIP1, BARD1, RAD51C, BLM, FANCG, CHEK1, PARP1, PARP2, ERCC1, XPE, BRD7, RNF8, RAD51A) contained potentially deleterious mutations. Two patients carried inactivating lesion in the PALB2 gene (p.R414X and p.Q921X); both these carriers had the bilateral form of BC disease. 1 woman harbored mutation in the FANCG gene (c.520_524delTCTAinsC), which resulted in the loss of serine at position 174 and lysine to glutamine substitution at position 175. The analysis of the BLM gene revealed two heterozygous carriers of the c.1642 C&amp;gt;T (Q548X) allele. This mutation was subjected to the extended study, which confirmed its recurrent character and strong association with BC risk: BLM c.1642 C&amp;gt;T (Q548X) heterozygotes were detected in 17/1,498 (1.1%) BC patients as compared to 2/1,093 (0.2%) healthy females (p = 0.004). As expected for BC-predisposing gene, the BLM 1670 C&amp;gt;T allele tended to be associated with first-degree family history of BC, early onset and bilateral appearance of the disease. This is the first demonstration of the role of the BLM heterozygosity in the determination of BC risk. The impact of constitutional BLM mutations in hereditary cancer predisposition deserves to be tested in other ethnic groups as well as in other tumor types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2597. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2597
Climate change is likely to affect the health of millions, report warns
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The health status of “millions of people” will be affected by climate change in the years ahead, concludes the latest authoritative report from a United Nations international panel of scientists and policy makers.

The study, which was based on five years of detailed scientific research around the world, paints a graphic picture of the environmental consequences of a continuing increase in the earth's temperature. These range from major water shortages and migration from coastal regions as sea levels rise to hunger and the potential disappearance of up to 30% of plant and animal species. …
What a Local Society Can Do
Authors: Augustin A. Crane
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One of our local papers recently carried a large advertisement of "English Hemorrhoidal Remedy," containing what purported to be a signed statement from forty local druggists, stating that they were much impressed with the value of this remedy, and unreservedly endorsed it. Our local medical society sent each one of these druggists a letter, asking them to let us know on what they had based this strong endorsement. They scrambled all over each other to send replies disclaiming any such endorsement, and sent back to the exploiters their stocks of the nostrum, which they had held on consignment. One establishment replied naively that it never had approved of this method of advertising, and,<i>as the goods had not sold well</i>, it had sent them back. Our action will materially decrease that kind of advertising in the future, and was well worth the trouble it cost. It is reported
Painful red hands: a side-effect of leukaemia therapy
Authors: L. SHALL, G.S. LUCAS, J. A. WHITTAKER, P. J. A. HOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Five cases of painful red hands', following chemotherapy for leukaemia, are reported. All the patients were women who had received treatment with cytosine arabinoside, 6‐thioguanine and adriamycin. Several days after courses of chemotherapy, painful crythematous swelling of the palms and soles developed. In all cases the reaction was self‐limiting and did not adversely affect their prognosis. Physicians should be aware of this reaction in order to reassure their patients. No treatment is required and the chemotherapy need not be stopped or altered.
INDUSTRIAL DERMATOSES: THEIR CAUSATION, RECOGNITION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT*
Authors: WILLIAM DYSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article INDUSTRIAL DERMATOSES: THEIR CAUSATION, RECOGNITION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Get access WILLIAM DYSON, O.B.E., M.D. WILLIAM DYSON, O.B.E., M.D. Hon. Dermatologist, Manchester Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 7, 1 July 1929, Pages 264–269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09351.x Published: 01 July 1929
High frequency of chimerism in transplanted livers
Authors: I Ng
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Recent studies have shown that primitive stem cells can mobilize and differentiate into hepatocytes. We investigated the time and extent in which cells of recipient origins could differentiate into hepatocytes and other cells in human liver allografts. Microsatellite analysis, which can assess quantitatively the proportions of recipient and donor DNA, was performed in posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens from 17 patients at various times. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for Y chromosome and immunofluorescence for different cell types was also performed in 10 of these cases with sex mismatch. Organ chimerism in the transplanted livers was found to be of variable extent, and the recipients' DNA in the posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens (excluding portal tracts) amounted up to 50%. The recipient DNA in the posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens increased after liver transplantation by as early as 1 week, peaked at around 30 to 40 weeks, and could be shown 63 weeks after transplantation. Most (64%-75%) of the recipient-derived cells showed macrophage/Kupffer cell differentiation. Only up to 1.6% of the recipient-derived cells in the liver grafts showed hepatocytic differentiation in the liver grafts and made up 0.62% of all hepatocytes of both donor and recipient origins. These livers had mild or minimal injury histologically. In conclusion, our results show that most of the recipient-derived cells in the liver allografts were macrophages/Kupffer cells and only a small proportion of hepatocytes was recipient derived. However, with regard to recipient-derived hepatocytes, our data cannot distinguish between transdifferentiation and cell fusion.