tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correspondence: Hazards of Static Electricity
Authors: N. S. Walls
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> We apply a generalized logistic growth model, with time dependent parameters, to describe the fatality curves of the COVID-19 disease for several countries that exhibit multiple waves of infections. In the case of two waves only, the model parameters vary as a function of time according to a logistic function, whose two extreme values, i.e., for early and late times, characterize the first and second waves, respectively. For the multiple-wave model, the time-dependency of the parameters is likewise described by a multi-step logistic function with <i>N</i> intermediate plateaus, representing the <i>N</i> waves of the epidemic. We show that the theoretical curves are in excellent agreement with the empirical data for all countries considered here, namely: Brazil, Canada, Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Sweden, and US. The model also allows for predictions about the time of occurrence and severity of the subsequent waves. It is shown furthermore that the subsequent waves of COVID-19 can be generically classified into two main types, namely, standard and anomalous waves, according as to whether a given wave starts well after or well before the preceding one has subsided, respectively.
Painful ears and a cough
Authors: L. Patel, S. Abraham
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 76 year old man was seen in the rheumatology clinic with a rash (fig 1⇓), monoarthritis of the right wrist, and fatigue. He also had bilateral painful ears (fig 2⇓), an intermittent hoarse voice, and hearing loss. He had a history of gout and was a non-smoker. Six months before presentation, the patient had an episode of anterior uveitis. One year before presentation, he had a prolonged episode of central pleuritic chest pain and an associated dry cough. At this time he was diagnosed with severe atypical pneumonia or possible early interstitial lung disease. He did not respond to three courses of antibiotics, but his symptoms spontaneously improved within six months. At presentation his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 110 mm (normal range 0-10 mm) in the first hour, C reactive protein was 154 mg/l (0-10 mg/l), haemoglobin was 86 g/l (125-170 g/l), and albumin was 23 g/l (33-34 g/l). Audiometry showed right sided sensorineural hearing loss. Atypical pneumonia, viral serology, and autoimmune serology were negative. High resolution computed tomography of the chest showed mild non-specific fissural nodularity, with minor basal reticulation. Transbronchial biopsy had shown a mild chronic inflammatory interstitial infiltrate and mild fibrosis, but no granulomas or vasculitis. Pulmonary function tests were normal. ### Short answers Fig 3 Purpuric vasculitic rash on the legs (arrow) Fig 4 Auricular chondritis (arrow)
A growth factor mixture that significantly enhances collateral growth
Authors: Wilfried Roethy, Eduard Fiehn, Kotaro Suehiro, Anguo Gu, None Geng Hua Yi, Juichiro Shimizu, Jie Wang, Geping Zhang, John Ranieri, Rama Akella, James Benedict, Daniel Burkhoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver sensitizes rats to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity
Authors: Shashikiran Donthamsetty, Vishakha S. Bhave, Mayurranjan S. Mitra, John R. Latendresse, Harihara M. Mehendale
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

This study tested whether hepatic steatosis sensitizes liver to toxicant-induced injury and investigated the potential mechanisms of hepatotoxic sensitivity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 31 days to induce steatosis. On the 32nd day, administration of a nonlethal dose of CCl4 (2 mL/kg, intraperitoneally) yielded 70% mortality in steatotic rats 12-72 hours after CCl4administration, whereas all nonsteatotic rats survived. Neither CYP2E1 levels nor covalent binding of [14C]CCl4-derived radiolabel differed between the groups, suggesting that increased bioactivation is not the mechanism for this amplified toxicity. Cell division and tissue repair, assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and proliferative cell nuclear antigen assay, were inhibited in the steatotic livers after CCl4administration and led to progressive expansion of liver injury culminating in mortality. The hypothesis that fatty hepatocytes undergo cell cycle arrest due to (1) an inability to replenish ATP due to overexpressed uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) or (2) induction of growth inhibitor p21 leading to G1/S phase arrest was tested. Steatotic livers showed 10-fold lower ATP levels due to upregulated UCP-2 throughout the time course after CCl4 administration, leading to sustained inhibition of cell division. Western blot analysis revealed an up-regulation of p21 due to overexpression of TGF β1 and p53 and down-regulation of transcription factor Foxm1b in steatotic livers leading to lower phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein. Thus, fatty hepatocytes fail to undergo compensatory cell division, rendering the liver susceptible to progression of liver injury. Conclusion : Impaired tissue repair sensitizes the steatotic livers to hepatotoxicity.
CAM before the storm: authors' reply
Authors: Trevor D Thompson, Gene Feder
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer Assessing HER2/neu status incurs more costs for treatmentEditor-The results of recent trials are likely to continue to fuel the demand for trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, 1 as well as a possible neoadjuvant treatment in the near future.However, Dent and Clemons did not discuss the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reproducible assessment of HER2/neu gene overexpression.Immunohistochemical testing measures HER2/neu protein expression whereas in situ hybridisation measures gene amplification.Patients with equivocal immunohistochemical results require in situ hybridisation to determine definitive status because interobserver variability using immunohistochemical testing is appreciable.At least 20% of patients with positive immunohistochemical results will be truly negative for HER2/neu gene amplification; these patients would not benefit from trastuzumab. 2 These difficulties in assessing HER2/ neu status have been encountered in studies testing trastuzumab, and in situ hybridisation testing has been used as the gold standard. 3 As the clinical utility of trastuzumab widens guidelines on HER2/neu testing must be clear to ensure appropriate use of trastuzumab.Clearly this testing will incur additional costs to trastuzumab treatment.
Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Mortality in Trauma Patients: Risk-Stratified Analysis of an Observational Study
Authors: Pablo Perel, Tim Clayton, Doug G. Altman, Peter Croft, Ian Douglas, Harry Hemingway, Aroon Hingorani, Katherine I. Morley, Richard Riley, Adam Timmis, Danielle Van der Windt, Ian Roberts
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Haemorrhage is a common cause of death in trauma patients. Although transfusions are extensively used in the care of bleeding trauma patients, there is uncertainty about the balance of risks and benefits and how this balance depends on the baseline risk of death. Our objective was to evaluate the association of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion with mortality according to the predicted risk of death.A secondary analysis of the CRASH-2 trial (which originally evaluated the effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in trauma patients) was conducted. The trial included 20,127 trauma patients with significant bleeding from 274 hospitals in 40 countries. We evaluated the association of RBC transfusion with mortality in four strata of predicted risk of death: <6%, 6%-20%, 21%-50%, and >50%. For this analysis the exposure considered was RBC transfusion, and the main outcome was death from all causes at 28 days. A total of 10,227 patients (50.8%) received at least one transfusion. We found strong evidence that the association of transfusion with all-cause mortality varied according to the predicted risk of death (p-value for interaction <0.0001). Transfusion was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality among patients with <6% and 6%-20% predicted risk of death (odds ratio [OR] 5.40, 95% CI 4.08-7.13, p<0.0001, and OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.96-2.73, p<0.0001, respectively), but with a decrease in all-cause mortality in patients with >50% predicted risk of death (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-0.74, p<0.0001). Transfusion was associated with an increase in fatal and non-fatal vascular events (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.05-3.24, p<0.0001). The risk associated with RBC transfusion was significantly increased for all the predicted risk of death categories, but the relative increase was higher for those with the lowest (<6%) predicted risk of death (p-value for interaction <0.0001). As this was an observational study, the results could have been affected by different types of confounding. In addition, we could not consider haemoglobin in our analysis. In sensitivity analyses, excluding patients who died early; conducting propensity score analysis adjusting by use of platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate; and adjusting for country produced results that were similar.The association of transfusion with all-cause mortality appears to vary according to the predicted risk of death. Transfusion may reduce mortality in patients at high risk of death but increase mortality in those at low risk. The effect of transfusion in low-risk patients should be further tested in a randomised trial.www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01746953.
Evolution and diversification of lamprey antigen receptors: evidence for involvement of an AID-APOBEC family cytosine deaminase
Authors: Igor B Rogozin, Lakshminarayan M Iyer, Lizhi Liang, Galina V Glazko, Victoria G Liston, Youri I Pavlov, L Aravind, Zeev Pancer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Book: You are the Target. Big Tobacco: Lies, Scams---Now the Truth
Authors: A. Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Georgina Lovell Chryan Communications, Vancouver, Can$16.50/US$12.95/UK £6.70+shipping, pp 200 ISBN 0973067004 See http://www.you-are-the-target.com/for ordering details Rating: Rating:: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The following quotation appears on the back cover and in the text of this book: “We don't smoke the shit, we just sell it. We reserve the right to smoke for the young, the poor, the black and the stupid.” It sounds apocryphal, but it is said to be the response of an R J Reynolds representative when asked why none of the company's executives smoked. Such a statement could be an eye … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: Authors' reply
Authors: S V Subramanian, Shailen Nandy, Michelle Kelly, Dave Gordon, George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Singh raises the issue of under-reporting due to social stigma and the lack of adult male members being interviewed directly in the second national family health survey dataset. However, as he correctly acknowledged, the second national family health survey is the best dataset available on the prevalence of consumption …
Experimental Microvascular Suture Anastomosis
Authors: GEORGE E. GREEN, MAX L. SOM, WILLIAM I. WOLFF
Journal: Circulation (1966)

To evaluate the limits imposed by blood vessel size on success or failure of vascular anastomosis by suture techniques, tiny vessels in young CFN rats were anastomosed by microsuture technique, using the Zeiss operating microscope at 16 and 25 magnifications. In series I aortae averaging 1.3 mm external diameter prior to manipulation were divided transversely and rejoined by suture anastomosis. In series II inferior venae cavae averaging 2.7 mm external diameter prior to manipulation were similarly treated. In series III both of these procedures were performed in each animal. There were ten animals in each group. Of 40 consecutive anastomoses only three were not patent when the animals were sacrificed three weeks after surgery. Two of the failures were arterial, and one was venous. This high success rate was achieved only when certain refinements in technique had been perfected. The feasibility of suture anastomosis of extremely small veins as well as arteries has been demonstrated.
The Age Threshold for Isoniazid Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee B. Reichman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Congratulations to Rose et al 1 for their article entitled  Age Threshold for Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis. This sorely needed analysis points out that, for all age groups, the benefits of isoniazid in the prevention of tuberculosis outweigh the risks.  Publication of this article inThe Journalwill, I hope, counter some of the destructive effects on tuberculosis control in the United States caused by the 1981 publication of the article by Taylor et al 2 entitled: Should Young Adults With a Positive Tuberculin Test Take Isoniazid? Even though an accompanying editorial by Comstock 3 pointed out that the assumptions of Taylor et al were severely limited and therefore misleading, that article's effect on tuberculosis control in the United States was dramatic.  The Centers for Disease Control continually report that preventive isoniazid therapy is completed by only 75% of high-risk patients for whom it is prescribed. 4 However,
Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake
Authors: Ray W. Fuller, David T. Wong, David W. Robertson
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1991)

In summary, fluoxetine is a highly selective serotonin uptake inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. The conformation of fluoxetine, which resembles that of sertraline and other serotonin uptake inhibitors, appears to be a key feature that enables its high affinity and selective interaction with the serotonin transporter. The para-trifluoromethyl substituent, however, is also a pivotal structural element. The molecular pharmacology of fluoxetine has been well-defined, and its in vivo pharmacological effects appear to be mediated almost exclusively by serotonin uptake inhibition. Its selectivity for the serotonin transporter, lack of affinity for neurotransmitter receptors, and retention of selectivity following metabolism to norfluoxetine make fluoxetine a useful tool to explore pharmacologically induced increases in serotonin neurotransmission. Fluoxetine has found a variety of therapeutic application. Its use in treating depression has been most extensively studied, but controlled clinical studies also suggest the drug may have a role in treating obesity and bulimia. Moreover, a variety of other psychiatric disorders may be treatable with this drug. Regardless of the outcome of these clinical trials, it is apparent that fluoxetine has found a useful niche in therapy, and can be used as a probe to determine the role of serotonin in modulating human pathophysiologies.
<i>Annals</i> "Bags" the Bag
Authors: Janis Quinlisk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 November 1992Annals "Bags" the BagJanis Quinlisk, MLS, MATJanis Quinlisk, MLS, MATSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-797_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: I wholeheartedly applaud your decision to "bag" the bag. I have become increasingly concerned with the number of journals mailed in plastic bags with apparent disregard for the environment and the abuse of the natural resources required to produce these bags.I hope the decision of theAnnalswill encourage other publishers to eliminate plastic mailing bags and to use acid-free, recycled paper.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ohio Valley Medical Center, Inc. Wheeling, WV 26003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1992Volume 117, Issue 9Page: 797-797 Issue Published: 1 November 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
TRICHINA IN BLOOD
Authors: S. Seymour Horlick
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, April 14, page 1249, in answer to the question of a New Jersey physician, reference was made to the demonstration of the larval form of the trichina in the circulating blood, as follows:  The first and apparently so far the only other demonstration of trichinous larvae in the circulating blood in man is by W. W. Herrick and Theodore C. Janeway (Demonstration of Trichinella Spiralis in the Circulating Blood in Man,Arch. Int. Med.3:263 [April] 1909), who found them in fresh samples of blood after laking with 3 per cent acetic acid.  In theNew England Journal of Medicine(201:816 [Oct. 24] 1929) I reported a case with Dr. Ralph E. Bicknell in which the larval form of the trichina was demonstrated in the fresh samples of blood by the same technic.
Direct effects of leptin on brown and white adipose tissue.
Authors: C A Siegrist-Kaiser, V Pauli, C E Juge-Aubry, O Boss, A Pernin, W W Chin, I Cusin, F Rohner-Jeanrenaud, A G Burger, J Zapf, C A Meier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Leptin is thought to exert its actions on energy homeostasis through the long form of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb), which is present in the hypothalamus and in certain peripheral organs, including adipose tissue. In this study, we examined whether leptin has direct effects on the function of brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT, respectively) at the metabolic and molecular levels. The chronic peripheral intravenous administration of leptin in vivo for 4 d resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in the in vivo glucose utilization index of BAT, whereas no significant change was found after intracerebroventricular administration compared with pair-fed control rats, compatible with a direct effect of leptin on BAT. The effect of leptin on WAT fat pads from lean Zucker Fa/ fa rats was assessed ex vivo, where a 9- and 16-fold increase in the rate of lipolysis was observed after 2 h of exposure to 0.1 and 10 nM leptin, respectively. In contrast, no increase in lipolysis was observed in the fat pads from obese fa/fa rats, which harbor an inactivating mutation in the OB-Rb. At the level of gene expression, leptin treatment for 24 h increased malic enzyme and lipoprotein lipase RNA 1.8+/-0.17 and 1.9+/-0.14-fold, respectively, while aP2 mRNA levels were unaltered in primary cultures of brown adipocytes from lean Fa/fa rats. Importantly, however, no significant effect of leptin was observed on these genes in brown adipocytes from obese fa/fa animals. The presence of OB-Rb receptors in adipose tissue was substantiated by the detection of its transcripts by RT-PCR, and leptin treatment in vivo and in vitro activated the specific STATs implicated in the signaling pathway of the OB-Rb. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that leptin has direct effects on BAT and WAT, resulting in the activation of the Jak/STAT pathway and the increased expression of certain target genes, which may partially account for the observed increase in glucose utilization and lipolysis in leptin-treated adipose tissue.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Histopathology of Embolic Debris Captured During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement”
Authors: Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Marguerite E.I. Schipper, Elena Ladich, Elham Faqiri, Robert van der Boon, Abas Randjgari, Carl Schultz, Adriaan Moelker, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Patrick W. Serruys, Renu Virmani, Peter P. de Jaegere
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Review: Thiazide, citrate, or allopurinol reduces recurrence after ≥ 2 kidney stone episodes
Authors: David S. Goldfarb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Fink HA, Wilt TJ, Eidman KE, et al. Medical management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:535-43. 23546565
Echocardiographic Predictors of Adverse Outcomes After Continuous Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Yan Topilsky, Jae K. Oh, Dipesh K. Shah, Barry A. Boilson, John A. Schirger, Sudhir S. Kushwaha, Naveen L. Pereira, Soon J. Park
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Comparison of Health Outcomes of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Receiving Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler Versus Aqueous Intranasal Corticosteroid Formulations
Authors: P.O. Buck, L. Cox, D. Lang, C.S. Hankin, Z. Wang, A. Bronstone, M. Lepore
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Myocardial and cerebral infarction due to massive air embolism following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Authors: G. van Boxel, C. Hommers, I. Dash, A. Goodman, J. Green, R. Orme
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

An 82-year-old man underwent the routine removal of a common bile duct (CBD) stent by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). He had been fit and well prior to the procedure, and his past medical history was unremarkable. He had presented 18 months previously with acute cholangitis caused by gallstones.
South Asian health: what is to be done?
Authors: Buddha Basnyat
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Asian health: what is to be done? Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will benefit allEditor-The BMJ deserves credit for providing the spark necessary to activate the medical community of the South Asian countries, with their limited resources, unstable governments, and uncommitted politicians pitching in with solutions for public health problems.Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will ensure benefits to all its constituents.Strength will flow from unity of purpose focused on achievable targets with a structured and pragmatic plan of realistic objectives.The impossible can be made possible.There is a wealth of talent and experience in the South Asian countries in traditional and complementary systems of medicine, which have great potential for providing relief to millions of people at minimal or no cost to the exchequer.Ayurveda, the unani system, homoeopathy, herbal medicine, yoga, and meditation are powerful modalities for providing some remedies to the poor and ailing population of South Asia.Education is the bedrock on which all health practices are based.Knowledge of cleanliness, sanitation, clean potable water, and basic amenities for primary health in every village is an admirable beginning.The public and private sectors have distinctive roles.There must be harmony, cooperation, discipline, and monitoring to ensure optimal use of resources.This needs to be orchestrated by the government agencies designated to run a country's health programmes.
A Basis for Medical Statistics.
Authors: David Jessup Doherty
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Ill., April 24, 1897.  To the Editor:  —German medical papers have recently published a number of articles on puerperal morbidity based on statistics of hospitals in Berlin, Dresden, Marburg and other cities. The value of these statistics is much lessened by the knowledge that the investigators had not worked on similar lines or according to uniform methods. Some quoted rectal temperatures; others used the axilla. There was not a complete agreement as to the physiologic limit of temperature, though most of the investigators properly considered any rise above 38 degrees C. as pathologic. It was further noticed that considerable variation in the percentage of puerperal fevers occurred in the tables based on the readings of the thermometer by nurses and on those by the physician. Koblanch of Berlin, took the axillary temperature of patients during the last seven months of the period of eight years for which his table
Lesbian parenting may make a difference
Authors: J. S Holloway
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In her editorial on adoption by lesbian couples Golombok gave a favourable interpretation of the research findings that is not universally agreed.1 Even the American Academy of Pediatrics in its technical report about adoption by same sex co-parents sounded a note of caution about the research, saying: “The small and non-representative samples studied and the relatively young age of most of the …