tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin and Analgesic Nephropathy
Authors: A. F. Macklon, A. W. Craft, M. Thompson, D. N. S. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Renal function was studied in 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had each consumed between 5 and 20 kg of aspirin. After an interval of two years 14 of these patients-seven of whom had consumed a further mean of 2 kg of aspirin-had their renal function retested. No relation was found between total dose, rate, or duration of ingestion and any aspect of renal function that was studied. All patients had plasma creatinine levels within the normal range, though slight depression in creatinine clearance was not uncommon.From this study and other published data we conclude that aspirin rarely if ever causes analgesic nephropathy when prescribed alone in doses appropriate to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
NOTE ON "INFLUENZA" AND PNEUMONIA: FROM A FIELD HOSPITAL
Authors: F. L. Armitage
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THE New Zealand Stationary Hospital acted as the infectio.usdisease hospital for the Second Army, British Expeditionarv Force, for the seven months May to November, 1918.B3acteriological examinations were made in 116 cases of "influenza" and pneumonia and in 67 liealthy controls as follows: 17 "influenza," 17 healtlhy controls, and 10 pneumonia in the June epidemic, and 39 "influenza," 50 healthy controls, and 50 pneumonia in November.During the later period bacterial vaccines were used for prophylaxis and treatment.Bacteriological Examination of Influenza and Pneumonia Cases.In the "influenza " cases 17 blQod cultures taken during the first few hours of the illness having proved negative and over fifty blood smears having shown nothing definitely abnormal they were discontinued, and post-nasal swabs were taken as soon as possible after admission.Sputum was examined in cases in which specimens could be )btained.In the pneumonia cases the sputum was always 'axamined, post-nasal swabs only occasionally, as the patients were usually too ill to be troubled, and blood 3ultures and agglutination tests were also carried out.Post-mortem, swabs were taken from the heart, lungs, and other organs.All specimens were examined by direct smears and by culturing on trypagar plates of suit- able reaction containing 5 per cent. of human blood, and the same medium and technique were used during both epidemics.CULTURES."Isfluenza" Cases.
Studies of blood pressures in children, ages 5-14 years, in a total biracial community: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Authors: A W Voors, T A Foster, R R Frerichs, L S Webber, G S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Blood pressure, height, weight, maturation, triceps skinfold thickness, serum lipids, and hemoglobin were measured as risk factors for coronary artery disease in 3,524 children (93% of the eligible population) in Bogalusa, Louisiana. Nine blood pressures were taken on each child by trained observers with mercury sphygmomanometers (Baumanometer) and Physiometrics automatic recorders in a rigid randomized design in a relaxed atmosphere with other children present. The pressures observed were low compared to reported data. Black children had significantly higher blood pressures than white children. This difference, starting before age 10, was largest in the children in the upper five percent of the pressure ranks. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that this racial differnce was significant when measured by an automatic recorder. Body size, expressed by height and by weight/height3 index, was a strong determinant of blood pressure level. Other positive determinants were blood hemoglobin and external maturation.
Differential alterations of cytochrome P450 proteins in livers from patients with severe chronic liver disease
Authors: Jacob George, Michael Murray, Karen Byth, Geoffrey C. Farrell
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To determine whether cytochrome P450 proteins were differentially altered in severe chronic liver diseases, we examined 50 livers removed at liver transplantation from patients with end-stage cirrhosis, including 18 with and 32 without cholestasis, and compared the results with 21 histologically normal livers. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities were unaltered in microsomes from cirrhotic livers. Total cytochrome P450 content was significantly reduced. The catalytic activities of four xenobiotic-metabolizing P450s and the level of the corresponding proteins were differentially altered. Thus, P450 3A-supported testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity and 3A protein appeared to be reduced, but only in the subgroup without cholestasis was this change significant. In contrast, 2E1 and the related N,N-dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase activity were clearly reduced in livers from patients with cholestatic forms of cirrhosis but appeared not to be changed in other cirrhotic livers. Similarly, P450 2C protein was reduced only in patients with severe chronic cholestasis. Finally, P450 1A2 and 1A2-supported ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity were significantly reduced in hepatic microsomes from patients with both types of advanced liver disease. In summary, these data demonstrate that cytochrome P450 proteins are selectively altered in severe chronic liver disease, some being profoundly decreased, others less so or not at all. Our results also suggest that there may be different patterns of altered hepatic P450 expression according to the presence or absence of cholestasis in patients with cirrhosis severe enough to require transplantation.
Trust wants help in formulating system to recognise performance of salaried GPs
Authors: S. Irvine, L. Joyce, M. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—General practitioners (academic and non-academic) are still excluded from the merit award arrangements for consultants. We are therefore asking readers to help us formulate a system to recognise progress and performance for salaried general practitioners in our trust.

We currently employ several general practitioners on the NHS consultant salary scale. They take part in the discretionary points system, but we would like now to develop detailed proposals by which they could progress through enhanced payments—wholly funded by the trust—against meritorious …
The 1971 National Cancer Act--Did It Pay Off?
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article The 1971 National Cancer Act—Did It Pay Off? Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 24, 19 December 1990, Pages 1872–1875, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.24.1872 Published: 19 December 1990
Airborne particles of the california central valley alter the lungs of healthy adult rats.
Authors: Kevin R Smith, Seongheon Kim, Julian J Recendez, Stephen V Teague, Margaret G Ménache, David E Grubbs, Constantinos Sioutas, Kent E Pinkerton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Epidemiologic studies have shown that airborne particulate matter (PM) with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 10 microm (PM10) is associated with an increase in respiratory-related disease. However, there is a growing consensus that particles < 2.5 microm (PM2.5), including many in the ultrafine (< 0.1 microm) size range, may elicit greater adverse effects. PM is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds; however, those components or properties responsible for biologic effects on the respiratory system have yet to be determined. During the fall and winter of 2000-2001, healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in six separate experiments to filtered air or combined fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine portions of ambient PM in Fresno, California, enhanced approximately 20-fold above outdoor levels. The intent of these studies was to determine if concentrated fine/ultrafine fractions of PM are cytotoxic and/or proinflammatory in the lungs of healthy adult rats. Exposures were for 4 hr/day for 3 consecutive days. The mean mass concentration of particles ranged from 190 to 847 microg/m3. PM was enriched primarily with ammonium nitrate, organic and elemental carbon, and metals. Viability of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from rats exposed to concentrated PM was significantly decreased during 4 of 6 weeks, compared with rats exposed to filtered air (p< 0.05). Total numbers of BAL cells were increased during 1 week, and neutrophil numbers were increased during 2 weeks. These observations strongly suggest exposure to enhanced concentrations of ambient fine/ultrafine particles in Fresno is associated with mild, but significant, cellular effects in the lungs of healthy adult rats.
Managing infants who cry excessively in the first few months of life
Authors: P. Douglas, P. Hill
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Community cohort studies report that a fifth of parents say that their otherwise healthy baby has cry-fuss problems at two months of age.1 2 Excessive crying is usually a transient neurodevelopmental phenomenon, although it may herald problems that are more long term and serious. Various studies have found that it is often difficult for parents to access the help they need when they experience problem crying; that they resort to use of multiple health services, including of emergency departments; and that they receive conflicting advice.3 w1 We review evidence from heterogeneous studies across multiple health disciplines to provide a practical guide to the management of term infants who cry excessively in the first few months of life. Our review is aimed at paediatricians, general practitioners, community child health nurses, and midwives. Although definitions of infant crying vary considerably, for practical purposes we use the terms cry-fuss behaviour, excessive crying, colic, and unsettled infant behaviour interchangeably to refer to any crying behaviour that parents report …
Cholera outbreaks in west Africa kill more than 700
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A wave of cholera in West Africa that has affected more than 45 000 people and killed more than 700 has prompted the World Health Organization to issue urgent advice to its member countries.

Countries that have been badly hit should improve their surveillance systems and ensure they have adequate stocks of oral rehydration salts and intravenous fluids for treatment, WHO officials said last week.

“We're very much concerned that the current cholera outbreak is still ongoing, with Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau …
p53 Regulates the Ras Circuit to Inhibit the Expression of a Cancer-Related Gene Signature by Various Molecular Pathways
Authors: Yosef Buganim, Hilla Solomon, Yoach Rais, Daria Kistner, Ido Nachmany, Mariana Brait, Shalom Madar, Ido Goldstein, Eyal Kalo, Nitzan Adam, Maya Gordin, Noa Rivlin, Ira Kogan, Ran Brosh, Galit Sefadia-Elad, Naomi Goldfinger, David Sidransky, Yoel Kloog, Varda Rotter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In this study, we focus on the analysis of a previously identified cancer-related gene signature (CGS) that underlies the cross talk between the p53 tumor suppressor and Ras oncogene. CGS consists of a large number of known Ras downstream target genes that were synergistically upregulated by wild-type p53 loss and oncogenic H-RasG12V expression. Here we show that CGS expression strongly correlates with malignancy. In an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underling the cooperation between p53 loss and oncogenic H-RasG12V, we identified distinguished pathways that may account for the regulation of the expression of the CGS. By knocking-down p53 or by expressing mutant p53, we revealed that p53 exerts its negative effect by at least two mechanisms mediated by its targets B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Whereas BTG2 binds H-RasG12V and represses its activity by reducing its GTP loading state, which in turn causes a reduction in CGS expression, ATF3 binds directly to the CGS promoters following p53 stabilization and represses their expression. This study further elucidates the molecular loop between p53 and Ras in the transformation process. Cancer Res; 70(6); 2274–84
Plasma glucose within the normal range is not associated with carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results in subjects with normal glucose tolerance from the Bruneck Study.
Authors: E Bonora, S Kiechl, J Willeit, F Oberhollenzer, G Egger, R Bonadonna, M Muggeo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: There is substantial evidence that glucose intolerance is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is not well established whether plasma glucose is independently related to atherosclerosis when glucose tolerance is normal and, if so, to which stage of the complex atherosclerotic process. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We prospectively examined the status of carotid arteries in 625 subjects aged 40-79 years who were randomly selected from the general population and had normal glucose tolerance (according to World Health Organization criteria) both at baseline and at 5 years of follow-up. All subjects had high-resolution echo-duplex evaluation of the common and internal carotid arteries (eight regions of interest on both sides) in 1990 and 1995 to detect the change in carotid status over time. The occurrence of new plaques in previously normal segments was termed "incident nonstenotic" or "early atherosclerosis," and the occurrence of stenosis in &amp;gt;40% of previously normal segments was termed "incident stenotic" or "advanced atherosclerosis." In addition, we evaluated the changes in the atherosclerosis score (the sum of all plaques) during the follow-up, and we measured intimal-medial thickening (IMT) in the common carotid artery in 1995. In all subjects, several candidate risk factors were assessed: sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, glucose, HbA1c, insulin, urate, lipids, apolipoproteins A1 and B, blood pressure, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, antithrombin III, factor V Leiden mutation, ferritin, leukocyte count, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma glucose 2 hr after the glucose load (2-h PG), and HbA1c concentrations in 1990 and 1995 were averaged in each subject to obtain an estimate of long-term glucose exposure of the arterial wall. RESULTS: Linear or logistical regression analyses indicated that neither baseline glucose and HbA1c levels nor mean FPG, mean 2-h PG, or mean HbA1c in 1990 and 1995 were independently related to IMT, a 5-year change in the atherosclerotic score, incident nonstenotic (early) atherosclerosis, or incident stenotic (advanced) atherosclerosis. Likewise, subjects with FPG levels above the median and subjects in the new category of "impaired fasting glucose" did not have an increased occurrence or progression of atherosclerosis. All results were consistent before and after adjustment for other vascular risk factors and possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plasma glucose levels within the normal range (&amp;lt;7.8 mg/dl both at FPG and 2-h PG) are not independently related to any stage of atherosclerosis.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and HLA class II alleles in minocycline-induced lupus-like syndrome
Authors: J. Dunphy, M. Oliver, A.L. Rands, C.R. Lovell, N.J. Mchugh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract We report 14 patients with minocycline-induced lupus-like syndrome (four men, 10 women; mean age 27·8 years) who developed a lupus-like illness after chronic use of minocycline for acne (1–10 years, median 3·8). Clinical features resolved completely on drug withdrawal (mean follow-up 11 months) and reappeared in two patients who were rechallenged. Sera from all 14 patients contained antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) giving a perinuclear pattern on indirect immunofluorescence on ethanol-fixed human neutrophils (p-ANCA), whereas 14 control asymptomatic individuals taking minocycline for acne were ANCA-negative. Eleven of the 14 patients had elevated antimyeloperoxidase antibodies and 10 had antielastase antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which diminished on extended follow-up, as did other serological abnormalities. Major histocompatibility complex class II typing demonstrated that all of the 13 patients tested were either HLA-DR4 (nine of 13) or HLA-DR2 (four of 13) positive, and all had an HLA-DQB1 allele encoding for tyrosine at position 30 of the first domain. Our findings suggest a model whereby the presence of p-ANCA may be a marker for the development of lupus-like symptoms in genetically susceptible individuals taking minocycline for acne.
Corrosive Injury of the Esophagus in Children
Authors: Frederick H. Lovejoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, in 1988 poisoning in children under six years old made up 62 percent of all reported poisonings, was more common in boys than in girls, was usually accidental, and was often asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic.1 If one extrapolates from the figure of 155 million people served by reporting centers, there are more than 2 million human poisonings in the United States yearly, of which 1.2 million occur in children under six years of age.1 Ingestions in children often involve nonpharmaceutical agents, especially household products such as corrosive agents. Approximately 17,000 . . .
Unfunded Research? I Am Shocked, Shocked!
Authors: Kimford J. Meador
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Stein et al 1 recently reported that nearly one quarter of original research published in major medical journals was unfunded, and asked, Who is paying for this unfunded research? Their final analysis raises the specter that medical faculty faced with the pressure to publish  be performing clandestine research without informed consent and that direct clinical costs for research may have been passed on to study participants or their third-party payers. These are serious accusations that do a disservice to academic medicine since they are based on supposition rather than fact.  We reviewed the three journals taken from October 1991 covering our subspecialty (published in Annals of Neurology, Archives of Neurology , and Neurology ). Stein et al reported the results of 26 studies (20 funded and six unfunded) in these three journals, but using their stated exclusion criteria, we found 30 studies (24 funded and six unfunded). None
Faulty government condoms threaten South Africa's AIDS programme
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The prime minister set out his priorities for the health service in the Queen's speech this week-with plans to legislate for a new quality control regulator and changes in the way doctors are regulated and in the rules concerning assisted reproduction and embryo research.Gordon Brown used his first Queen's speech to announce the creation of a new regulator, whose aim will be "to ensure clean and safe services and high quality care."The new body for England, to be known as the Care Quality Commission (or Ofcare for short), will take over the functions of the Healthcare Commission, the Commission for Social Care Inspection, and the Mental Health Act Commission.It will be set up under the proposed Health and Social Care Bill and will have the authority to fine hospitals and shut down wards.The Health and Social Care Bill also includes UK-wide measures to abandon the criminal standard of proof (that is, beyond reasonable doubt) in cases where doctors' fitness to practise is questioned.Instead doctors could be struck off the medical register on the lower civil standard of "balance of probabilities."The draft Human Tissue and Embryo Bill, which was published in May this year, will also be debated in the next session of parliament.It aims to update the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, which is based on scientific knowledge and debate from the 1980s.The new bill has already been criticised by a cross party group of MPs and peers, in a report published in August.The committee said that the new bill should include a provision to record on birth certificates the fact that a child has been born after egg or sperm donation.At the moment parents are not obliged to tell children that they were conceived from donated sperm or eggs, and children can't check who their biological parents are until they reach the age of 18. Queen speech gives plans for new health regulatorUK NEWS Annual incidence of MRSA falls in England, p 959 WoRld NEWS A �a��e�� of life o�� dea���� ��ina�s ���ansplan�a�ion p��ac�ice, p 9��A �a��e�� of life o�� dea���� ��ina�s ���ansplan�a�ion p��ac�ice, p 9�� , p 9�� b�j.co�Suicide ��a�e of �o�en doc�o��s in US is ��ice ��a� of o��e�� �o���ing �o�en Suicide ��a�e of �o�en doc�o��s in US is ��ice ��a� of o��e�� �o���ing �o�en
Late Intensification Therapy for Acute Leukemia in Remission
Authors: Gerald P. Bodey, Emil J. Freireich, Edmund Gehan, Kenneth B. McCredie, Victorio Rodriguez, Jordan Gutterman, M. Andrew Burgess
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Nineteen patients in continous complete remission of acute leukemia for at least one year received late intensification therapy, after which they received no further chemotherapy, but most received BCG immunotherapy. Five patients have relapsed. The 14 patients still in remission have been followed up for at least 60 weeks after late intensification, with a median time of 98 weeks. The length of complete remission subsequent to a comparable time was 44 weeks for a reference control group and 24 weeks for a matched control group. These results support this type of approach for long-term control of acute leukemia in adults.
Immunosuppression with high doses of cyclophosphamide reduces the severity of myocarditis but increases the mortality in murine Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.
Authors: C Kishimoto, K A Thorp, W H Abelmann
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (CYP) on coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis, 2-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with 3 X 10(2) plaque-forming units of CB3 virus. CYP (100 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered daily on days 0-8 (experiment 1; group 2), days 8-21 (experiment 2; group 4), and days 21-34 (experiment 3; group 6). Groups 1, 3, and 5 were infected control groups for each experiment. Spleen, thymus, and body weights were measured. In experiment 1, survival rate in group 2 on day 8 was low compared with group 1 (nine of 51 versus eight of 28; p = NS), and myocardial virus titers in group 2 on day 8 were higher (p less than 0.05) compared with group 1; however, cellular infiltration and myocardial necrosis in group 2 were less severe (p less than 0.05), and serum neutralizing antibody titers were decreased (p less than 0.01). In experiment 2, survival rate in group 4 on day 21 was significantly lower (six of 24 versus 12 of 16; p less than 0.01), but cellular infiltration, myocardial necrosis, and calcification in group 4 were significantly less severe, and serum neutralizing antibody titers were decreased (p less than 0.01). In experiment 3, survival rate, cardiac histopathology, and serum neutralizing antibody titers did not differ between groups 5 and 6. In experiments 1, 2, and 3, the treated groups were characterized by lower spleen-to-body-weight and thymus-to-body-weight ratios and by marked cellular depletion in spleen and thymus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)