tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicidal behaviour is not lessened by higher treatment rate, study shows
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The number of people who attempted suicide or made suicidal “gestures” (cries for help rather than really wanting to kill themselves) and who received treatment rose significantly in the United States over a decade, a new study shows.

But although a greater proportion of people received treatment, over the same period there was no decline in the total number of people country-wide with suicidal behaviours, ranging from suicidal thoughts to suicide attempts. The findings seem to indicate that the increase in the treatment of emotional problems over the decade did not close the gap between disadvantaged groups and other people in the risk of suicidal behaviours.

The researchers, from Harvard …
A diagnostic survey of infants referred for chromosome analysis in the neonatal period.
Authors: R M Winter, M A Ridler, J A McKeown
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Examination and assessment of 140 liveborn and stillborn infants referred within two weeks of birth for chromosome analysis showed that 48 had Down's syndrome, 12 other chromosome abnormalities, 17 single gene disorders, 18 recognisable anomalads, 8 recognisable syndromes of unknown aetiology, and the remainder were undiagnosed. Of the non-Down's cases that were diagnosed, 21% had a chromosomal abnormality. These results suggest that a request for chromosome analysis in the newborn period should be viewed as one step in syndrome identification.
Trading automatic/nonautomatic for unconscious/conscious
Authors: Joseph Tzelgov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

In this commentary I show that the SOC framework implies automaticity of both the materialization of phenomenological conscious experience and the application of the primitives resulting from the emergence of consciousness. In addition, SOC implies that cognition refers to conscious experience. Consequently, I propose automatic/nonautomatic instead of unconscious/conscious as the basic contrast characterizing human cognition.
Immune Response as a Biomarker for Cancer Detection and a Lot More
Authors: Olivera J. Finn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In 2000, the American Cancer Society inaugurated a yearly report on guidelines for cancer detection. The latest update, published in 2005,1 is identical to the previous versions in its recommendation regarding screening techniques that have not changed in decades. An especially striking feature of the recommendations is the continued absence of any mention of laboratory tests that should be readily available, considering the explosion of knowledge in cancer biology, molecular biology, genetics, and immunology. The scientific literature is full of articles heralding the potential of genomics,2 proteomics,3 metabolomics,4 and other “omics” for the improvement of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis . . .
Abstract C22: Differential Tks5 isoform expression contributes to metastatic invasion of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Carman Man-Chung Li, Guoan Chen, Talya Dayton, Caroline Kim-Kiselak, David Beer, Monte Winslow, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer related deaths, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive metastatic spread remain poorly understood. Here we report that Tks5, which has been linked to formation of proteolytic cellular protrusions known as invadopodia, undergoes an isoform switch during metastatic progression in a genetically-engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Non-metastatic primary tumor-derived cells predominantly expressed a short isoform Tks5short, while metastatic primary tumor- and metastasis-derived cells acquired increased expression of the full-length isoform Tks5long. This elevation of Tks5long-to-Tks5short ratio correlated with a commensurate increase in invadopodia activity in metastatic cells compared to non-metastatic cells. Further characterization of these isoforms by knockdown and over-expression experiments demonstrated that Tks5long promoted invadopodia in vitro and increased metastasis in transplant models and an autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma. Conversely, Tks5short decreased invadopodia stability and proteolysis, acting as a natural dominant-negative inhibitor to Tks5long. Importantly, high Tks5long and low Tks5short expressions in human lung adenocarcinomas correlated with metastatic disease and predicted worse survival of early-stage patients. These data indicate that tipping the Tks5 isoform balance to a high Tks5long-to-Tks5short ratio promotes invadopodia-mediated invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Carman Man-Chung Li, Guoan Chen, Talya Dayton, Caroline Kim-Kiselak, David Beer, Monte Winslow, Tyler Jacks. Differential Tks5 isoform expression contributes to metastatic invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C22.
Abstract 1077: Bufalin inhibited cell proliferation and expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 and type 1 receptor in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yong Zhang, Dian-Xu Feng, Ronghua Zhao, Chao Chen, Jie Wang, Qing-Song Zuo, Ya-Feng Chen, Xu Wang, Teng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of bufalin on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cell, HCT116, and its relationship with expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and type 1 receptor (IGF1R). Methods: HCT116 cells were cultured with bufalin and cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Cell cycle was determined by use of flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-2 and IGF1R were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western Blot, respectively. The distribution of IGF-2 and IGF1R in cells was also observed by immunocytochemical staining. Results: The IC50 of bufalin at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours were 0.79±0.10, 0.37±0.10, 0.25±0.03, 0.17±0.02, and 0.10±0.03 uM, respectively. We selected 0.3 uM and 48 hours as the concentration of bufalin and culture time in following experiments. When cultured with bufalin, the ratio of cells in G2 phase to cells in M phase was increased in a dose dependent manner, indicating a delay from G2 to M caused by bufalin. For IGF-2, the mRNA and protein expressions were increased when cells were cultured with bufalin; For IGF1R, the mRNA increased but protein decreased. Both IGF-2 and IGF1R were seen in cytoplasm. Conclusion: Bufalin can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 cells, its underlying mechanism may relate with the up-regulation of IGF-2 expression and down-regulation of IGF1R protein expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1077. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1077
Preventing iron deficiency in preschool children by implementing an educational and screening programme in an inner city practice.
Authors: J. James, P. Lawson, P. Male, A. Oakhill
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of screening young children for iron deficiency in a deprived inner city practice and to assess the effects of a programme of dietary education.Prospective study of children in general practice, comparison with historical controls.A deprived inner city practice.127 Children aged 13-24 months. Findings were compared with those in 110 children of the same age studied previously.All mothers received dietary education antenatally and in the first year after giving birth. Screening for iron deficiency (defined as mean cell volume less than 75 fl and haemoglobin concentration less than 105 g/l) and haemoglobinopathy (when appropriate) was offered for all children attending for immunisation against measles, mumps, and rubella over 12 months; capillary blood samples were taken after immunisation.Uptake of the screening programme expressed as the percentage of all children eligible for immunisation who were screened, and the effectiveness of the dietary education as shown by the prevalence of iron deficiency in the two groups.Altogether, 122 of the 127 (96%) children who attended for immunisation had their haemoglobin concentration and mean cell volume measured; 90% of all children aged 13-24 months in the practice were screened. Dietary education, clinical procedures, and counselling were incorporated successfully into the clinic's work. Ten children (8%) were iron deficient, all of whom responded to iron supplements, and eight had a haemoglobinopathy trait. In the previous study 110 children (70%) had been screened and 28 children (25%) had been iron deficient. The two groups were similar in terms of sex, social class, and ethnic group.Screening young children for iron deficiency, sickle cell disease, and thalassaemia when they attended for immunisation was acceptable and successful in a socially deprived inner city practice. Dietary education may have accounted for some of the reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency that occurred over the two years.
Tolbutamide
Authors: David Hurwitz, Alvin C. McCuistion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

WHEN the hypoglycemic agents for oral use were first tested in human subjects, they were soon found to be particularly effective in older patients with diabetes, especially in obese patients whose disease was of short duration.1 2 3 Since these are also the patients who often do well after omitting insulin, it appeared advisable to test them on a double-blind basis to determine how much of the improvement on the sulfonylureas was actually due to the administration of the drug.For this reason tolbutamide and a placebo were given on a double-blind basis to a group of 32 patients. This study was . . .
Radiobiology for the Radiologist
Authors: R. L. Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Writing with a specific audience in mind, Dr. Hall achieves his objective in admirable fashion. Fortunately for the reader, the author resists the temptation to pursue with zeal his personal areas of interest to the neglect of other topics that need equal consideration. The result is a concisely written, relatively complete short textbook of radiobiology that will be useful to anyone concerned with ionizing radiation, and particularly useful to radiology residents. Only brief consideration is given to the physical aspects of ionizing radiation before the basic biologic effects are discussed. One of the most technical and longest chapters in the book is concerned with cell-survival, as radiation involves different cells in different environments with different dosages. The confusion of this chapter reflects the confusion of the subject. Radiosensitivity is well presented, first considering modification by oxygen, then as related to cell age and mitosis. The author devotes greatest space to
Let the social sciences evolve
Authors: Paul E. Smaldino, Timothy M. Waring
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We agree that evolutionary perspectives may help us organize many divergent realms of the science of human behavior. Nevertheless, an imperative to unite all social science under an evolutionary framework risks turning off researchers who have their own theoretical perspectives that can be informed by evolutionary theory without being exclusively defined by it. We propose a few considerations for scholars interested in joining the evolutionary and social sciences.
The Bartered Bride
Authors: John J. Dempsey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

When Daniel asked me to see his sick mother I wanted to refuse. I didn't suspect subterfuge. There were many reasons for my not wanting to go. His village was 25 miles south of our research station. The heat was equatorial. The road was only a track that had never been worth much, having become worse since civil disobedience had increased. Men and equipment previously used to keep the road passable were now needed for military purposes. Moreover, there was some concern for both protocol and safety. We were not supposed to travel without official approval, yet having escort was no guarantee against injury. An American under escort in the same area had lost an arm in an ambush a few months earlier. Nevertheless, I went. A week earlier I had refused to make a shorter journey to see a sick daughter of one of our workers. The following day
A Holter Hazard
Authors: Malvinder S. Parmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

sicians to Third World countries has benefits both for developing countries and for Cuba, since it siphons off doctors who might otherwise be unemployed.Providing medical services abroad does not negate totalitarian depredation.Totalitarian regimes can have some redeeming features, but their political context cannot be overlooked.As a Cuban friend remarked, other countries have excellent, free health care and educational systems without sacrificing individual liberty.Mullan's viewpoint belies the reality of Cuban life -a reality dominated by repression and deprivation.
Left ventricular outflow tract mean systolic acceleration as a surrogatefor the slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship
Authors: Fabrice Bauer, Michael Jones, Takahiro Shiota, Michael S Firstenberg, Jian Xin Qin, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Yong Jin Kim, Marta Sitges, Lisa A Cardon, Arthur D Zetts, James D Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Identifying, reidentifying, and misidentifying
Authors: Eric Saidel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Millikan (1998a) relies on the ability an organism may have to reidentify external objects. It is difficult to develop an account of how this might occur because the organism could make a mistake in the tokening of a concept; it could misidentify the external object. To sustain her nondescriptivism, Millikan's account of reidentification must make the link between concept and object arbitrary. However, to make mistakes possible, there must be a norm for the production of concepts. These two requirements seem to leave no room for a middle ground.
Seeking a Solution to the Horse Manure Problem
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Horse manure has become a problem in the New Orleans French Quarter. After a long absence, the horses have returned. Horse-drawn sight-seeing carriages take tourists through the streets of the Quarter, leaving small piles of manure in their wake. Besides constituting traps for unwary feet, the manure piles attract hordes of bluebottle flies and give off long-forgotten odors. When the French Quarter had an open air market where New Orleans housewives got their produce, meat, and fish, the street sweepers and the sparrows dealt with horse manure. Now the sparrows (that kept down the flies) and the street sweepers have gone, and the machines that have replaced them cannot cope with the problem. The solutions that have been suggested have been found wanting. The experts did not believe the horses could be trained to defecate only at preselected sites. Nor did they think the animals would tolerate
Meeting the challenge of genetic advance
Authors: M. Gill, T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1998)

See p 618 

Advances in molecular genetics over the past decade have been remarkable. Soon the entire human genome will have been sequenced and most of the genetic loci associated with human disease identified. These advances have greatly enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms and begun to explain why the clinical course of common disorders such as diabetes, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis is so variable, as Bell discusses in the first of four articles on the broader implications of the new genetics (p 618).1 In future presymptomatic population based genetic testing for common late onset disorders such as Alzheimer's disease2 and colon cancer may become widespread and bring important health benefits. Genotyping may become part of routine investigations to help clinicians tailor drug treatment effectively.

But in what has been dubbed the “post-genome” era, increasing attention is now being paid to the limitations as well as the potential of DNA based genetic tests. The ability to detect genes …
So You Think You Want to Write a Book
Authors: KENNETH BUSSY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The Literature of Medicine1 December 1969So You Think You Want to Write a BookKENNETH BUSSYKENNETH BUSSYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-6-1217 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere comes A time in the life of every red-blooded physician, whether he be securely embowered in the groves of academe or imprisoned in the basement of his home by a busy pediatric practice, when he thinks about writing a book. Most physicians sensibly put aside such wayward thoughts and go on doing what they do best—practicing medicine or engaging in research.Those physicians who don't act sensibly require careful study. What are the motives that might lead anyone in this hard-pressed profession to expend the time, effort, and money required to give birth to the usual medical book? Their... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lea & Febiger 600 S. Washington Square Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1969Volume 71, Issue 6Page: 1217-1220KeywordsBirth Issue Published: 1 December 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Oxygen: The Antidote for Systemic Toxic Reactions from Local Anesthetic Drugs
Authors: Daniel C. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1960)

For many years barbiturates have been used for prophylaxis and treatment of systemic toxic reactions to local anesthetic drugs. A study of 533 systemic toxic reactions and their treatment in 36,113 regional block procedures showed that: (1) the reactions were a result, not of an allergy but of high concentrations of the drug in the blood; (2) barbiturates used to treat such a reaction may do harm rather than good and may actually hasten the death of a patient; (3) barbiturates given preoperatively did not prevent reaction; (4) correction of oxygen want was the key to successful treatment of such a reaction; and (5) succinylcholine chloride, not a barbiturate, is now the drug of choice to stop convulsions and allow adequate oxygenation of the patient.
The Patient With Multiple Alloantibodies
Authors: Ethel Patten
Journal: JAMA (1982)

PATIENTS with multiple alloantibodies pose a problem when they require transfusions. Blood may be obtained from a rare donor file if the specificities of the antibodies are known. Under certain circumstances the recipient may be able to serve as his own donor. We describe here a patient who, because of traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia, was not a candidate for autologous transfusion and had only one available compatible donor. Ten units of blood were collected from this donor during a 17-week period so that the patient might have her dysfunctional aortic valve prosthesis replaced. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, underwent aortic valve replacement with a cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis in 1974 for acute bacterial endocarditis. During the surgery she received 5 units of whole blood. She was transfused again in 1976 (3 units of RBCs) and in 1978 (4 units of RBCs) for anemia
Apolipoprotein E isoform and lipoprotein(a) as risk factors for restenosis after coronary angioplasty
Authors: Hideya Yamamoto, Michinori Imazu, Takashi Yamabe, Takehiko Watanabe, Hironori Ueda, Koichi Ono, Futoshi Tadehara, Michio Yamakido, Yasuhiko Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Bilateral Hydronephrosis and Hydroureters as a Result of an Appendiceal Abscess
Authors: Stanley W. Henson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

BILATERAL hydronephrosis and hydroureters in infancy and childhood usually result from congenital malformations. Occasionally, however, obstruction to the upper urinary tract is caused by pressure from an external mass in the pelvis or by an inflammatory process adjacent to or involving the ureters. Since the incidence of perforation is over 75 per cent in children under 4 years of age with appendicitis, it is surprising that urinary tract obstruction from this complication of appendicitis is not encountered more frequently. We were able to find only 2 reports in the literature in which an appendiceal abscess resulted in bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters. Because experience with this complication of appendicitis is apparently limited, and because failure to recognize its etiology might lead to unwarranted procedures on the urinary tract, it was felt the following case should be reported. Report of a Case The patient was a 3-year-old girl seen first on Oct.
Abstract 992: Credentialing UHRF1 as a target for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: David Walker, Michael Haffner, Neha Deshpande, Nicolas Wyhs, Angelo De Marzo, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, William Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Alterations in DNA methylation are a hallmark of prostate carcinogenesis. UHRF1 is an essential component in the machinery required for the maintenance of DNA methylation in actively dividing cells. In S-phase, UHRF1 binds nascent hemimethylated DNA and recruits DNA methyltransferases to copy the methylation pattern to the daughter DNA strand in a manner analogous to semi-conservative replication. Additionally, it has been shown that UHRF1 interacts with methylated histones and histone methyltransferases, making it an important epigenetic regulator in proliferating cells. Because of its ties to epigenetic gene silencing and cell proliferation, we hypothesized that UHRF1 could serve as a target for prostate cancer treatment. In this study, we have taken steps to credential UHRF1 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer and have developed a high-throughput UHRF1-DNA binding assay to screen for UHRF1 inhibitors. We show that UHRF1 is overexpressed in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines and it appears to track with proliferation in prostate cancer tissue. Through loss-of-function studies in prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145, we show that long-term UHRF1 depletion leads to a decrease in clonogenic survival and an overall reduction in global levels of DNA methylation. Further, we find that UHRF1 is required to maintain DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing of hypermethylated genes in prostate cancer cells. Additionally, ChIP experiments revealed that UHRF1 can be bound at the promoter CpG islands of epigenetically silenced genes in prostate cancer cells. With the goal of ultimately developing UHRF1 inhibitors, we have developed a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET)-based assay, compatible with high-throughput screening, that can detect the binding of the SRA domain of UHRF1 to hemimethylated DNA. In summary, we have shown that UHRF1 plays a critical role in maintaining the DNA methylation of epigenetically silenced genes in prostate cancer and have developed an assay for high-throughput screening of UHRF1 inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 992. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-992