tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statistical Studies on the Prognosis of Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hiroyuki Suematsu, Tomifusa Kuboki, Takako Itoh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Statistical studies on the prognosis of anorexia nervosa were carried out by our research group. Subjects were 224 cases from 36 university hospitals throughout Japan. A questionnaire was mailed to each of the 224 patients in cooperation with their doctors. The outcome of 143 of the 224 cases was judged by their doctors as 'good' in 47 cases, 'intermediate' in 69 cases and 'poor' in 19 cases. 8 of the patients had died. The prognosis of typical cases was much poorer than that of atypical cases.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and cGMP inhibit Na+/H+ antiporter in vascular smooth muscle cells in culture
Authors: Carlos Caramelo, Antonio López-Farré, Amparo Riesco, Ana Olivera, Koji Okada, Edward J. Cragoe, Phoebe Tsai, Verena A. Briner, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Generation and characterization of chimeric recombinant AAV vectors
Authors: Bernd Hauck, Ling Chen, Weidong Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Although most animal experiments with recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been based on AAV serotype 2, recent studies showed that AAV vectors based on AAV serotype 1 performed more efficiently in muscle and other tissues. On the other hand, AAV2-based vectors can be readily purified by heparin column. To combine the advantages of both types of vectors, we developed a strategy to generate chimeric vectors by using a mixture of AAV helper plasmids encoding both serotypes in the transfection process. Because the AAV packaging machinery cannot distinguish between closely related AAV1 and AAV2 capsid proteins, each packaged virion contains capsid proteins from both serotypes. As expected, the resulting chimeric vectors could be purified by heparin column. Neutralizing antibody assays showed that the chimeric vectors can be inhibited by either AAV1 or AAV2 antiserum. In vivo, the chimeric vectors direct levels of expression similar to those of AAV1 in muscle or AAV2 in liver; that is, they combine the best transduction characteristics of both parent vectors. In summary, this study provides a straightforward method for combining various properties of different AAV serotypes into one vector. Potential limitations of the chimeric vectors are also discussed.
Medical Practice Act of Indiana.
Authors: John S. Irwin
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Lafayette, Ind., Feb. 7, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article of Dr. Vinnedge, in theJournalfor January 21, calls timely attention to the Indiana law governing the practice of medicine, and to its operation. To some, even to many, this law seems directly to violate the natural right of every man to follow any occupation of a legitimate character which may seem to him most conducive to his own welfare and interest, in so far as it may not conflict with the rights of others. But it must ever be borne in mind that the existence of a right and the justice and propriety of its exercise are entirely different and distinct things. Constituted as human society is, the right of the individual is, and must be, largely subject and subservient to that of society, while the duty of society to conserve the right of the individual, so far
Characterizing Human Stem Cell–derived Sensory Neurons at the Single-cell Level Reveals Their Ion Channel Expression and Utility in Pain Research
Authors: Gareth T Young, Alex Gutteridge, Heather DE Fox, Anna L Wilbrey, Lishuang Cao, Lily T Cho, Adam R Brown, Caroline L Benn, Laura R Kammonen, Julia H Friedman, Magda Bictash, Paul Whiting, James G Bilsland, Edward B Stevens
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The generation of human sensory neurons by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells opens new opportunities for investigating the biology of pain. The inability to generate this cell type has meant that up until now their study has been reliant on the use of rodent models. Here, we use a combination of population and single-cell techniques to perform a detailed molecular, electrophysiological, and pharmacological phenotyping of sensory neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells. We describe the evolution of cell populations over 6 weeks of directed differentiation; a process that results in the generation of a largely homogeneous population of neurons that are both molecularly and functionally comparable to human sensory neurons derived from mature dorsal root ganglia. This work opens the prospect of using pluripotent stem-cell-derived sensory neurons to study human neuronal physiology and as in vitro models for drug discovery in pain and sensory disorders.
Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to detect lung damage.
Authors: R F Henderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The assay of bronchoalveolar washings from acutely exposed animals has proven useful as a rapid screen for lung injury from inhaled airborne toxins. The screen is useful for choosing appropriate compounds and exposure levels for subsequent in-depth studies in which complete histopathologic evaluations will be made. An inflammatory response can be detected by the appearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an increase in protein content of lung washings. The release of the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, into the acellular portion of the lavage fluid serves as an indication of cell death or membrane damage. A large increase in some lysosomal enzymes has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from animals chronically exposed to insoluble particles. Angiotensin-converting enzyme has been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar washings from animals with endothelial cell damage in the pulmonary capillaries. The correlation of these cellular and biochemical alterations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with morphological indications of damage has served to validate this method of detecting acute lung injury. Further study is needed to validate indicators of developing chronic disease.
Helping Poor Mothers and Children
Authors: Terrie E. Moffitt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This issue of<i>JAMA</i>contains 2 reports of randomized clinical trials showing that a nurse home-visit program has bettered the situations of disadvantaged mothers and their children. The trials are remarkable for demonstrating that the program improved not just poor mothers' infant care, but an array of health and social outcomes, as long as 15 years following childbirth. Olds et al<sup>1</sup>report that their program in Elmira, NY, reduced poor white women's subsequent pregnancies, child abuse and neglect, use of welfare, substance abuse problems, and crime and increased their labor force participation. Kitzman et al<sup>2</sup>report that the Elmira experiment, replicated in Memphis, Tenn, reduced poor black women's hypertension and subsequent pregnancies, improved home rearing environments for their children, and reduced the children's injuries. Such impressive findings from rigorous experiments suggest that a nationwide policy favoring nurse home visits based on models that have been tested and found
ACE Inhibition
Authors: Declan Lyons, Suzanne Roy, Sharon O’Byrne, Cameron G. Swift
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The mechanisms by which ACE inhibitors produce a sustained clinical benefit are not entirely clear but may involve the sympathetic nervous system. We compared the effect of local brachial artery infusions of an ACE inhibitor (perindoprilat) with the effect of placebo (0.9% NaCl) on endogenously mediated (lower body negative pressure [LBNP]) and exogenously mediated (brachial artery infusions of norepinephrine) sympathetic vasoconstriction. Methods and Results Eight healthy, normotensive male volunteers (20 to 32 years) were studied on one occasion. Forearm blood flow (FABF; mL · dL forearm −1 · min −1 ) responses to LBNP (−20 cm H 2 O) and increasing increments of norepinephrine (60, 120, and 240 pmol/min) were compared when coinfused with placebo and perindoprilat (5 nmol/mL). FABF was measured simultaneously in both arms by venous occlusion plethysmography with mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges with drugs infused locally at the left brachial artery. The right arm served as a control. Baseline FABFs did not differ between the infused and control arms (3.04±0.52 versus 3.05±0.42 mL · dL forearm −1 · min −1 ; P =.98). Perindoprilat did not alter FABF when infused alone, but the FABF response to LBNP in the infused arm was attenuated during the perindoprilat infusion compared with placebo (−17.8±4.3% versus −33.8±3.1%, respectively; P =.015). The FABF response to the maximum dose of norepinephrine was also attenuated during the perindoprilat infusion compared with placebo (−28.3±1.4% versus −36.9±2.8%, respectively; P =.015). The mean slope of the FABF (log transformed) versus norepinephrine dose-response curve was significantly attenuated by perindoprilat compared with placebo (−0.11±0.019 versus −0.02±0.02; P =.001). Conclusions We conclude that ACE inhibition has a significant postsynaptic sympatholytic effect in the forearm circulation of men.
ASSESSING EXERCISE PERFORMANCE BY COMBINING CARDIOPULMONARY TEST TO STRESS ECHO IN AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Francesco Bandera, Greta Generati, Marta Pellegrino, Valeria Donghi, Eleonora Alfonzetti, Andrea Garatti, Serenella Castelvecchio, Lorenzo Menicanti, Marco Guazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Sympathectomy for Hypertension
Authors: S. M. Chris
Journal: BMJ (1951)

steroid hormones are likely to reawaken interest in the problems of haemopoiesis and the possible part played in them by the lymphocyte. SummuayA quantitative technique has been employed to study the nucleated cells of the bone marrow, both in normal guineapigs and in guinea-pigs which were killed six hours after the administration of a single dose of A.C.T.H. or of cortical extract (eschatin).In the normal guinea-pig red marrow was found to con- tain on the average 1,236,000 nucleated cells per c.mm., of which 144,800 were lymphocytes.The high lymphocyte content of bone marrow is not attributable to blood contamination.There was no demonstrable increase of damaged cells in the marrow six hours after giving either A.C.T.H. or eschatin, but there was a statistically significant increase in the lymphocyte content after eschatin and an increase almost reaching the significant level in the case of A.C.T.H.It is possible that increased uptake by the bone marrow of lymphocytes from the blood may be a contributory factor in the lymphopenia which may follow the administration of A.C.T.H. steroid hormones.Whatever may be the effect of steroid hormones on lymphoid tissue in other parts of the body it has not been found possible by quantitative methods to demonstrate a destructive action on the lymphocytes of the bone marrow.It is a pleasure to acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr. G. H.
OBSTINATE CONSTIPATION TREATED BY CRUSHING THE LOWER END OF THE COLON AND UPPER END OF THE RECTUM
Authors: J. A. C. Macewen
Journal: BMJ (1924)

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OBSTINATE CONSTIPATION.Et-.T AL the pressure and turbidity were less; 10 c.cm. of antistreptococcal serum were injected subcutaneously.On April 3rd the improvement was very distinct.There was no headache and the mental condition was normal.Kernig's sign was not obtained.Lumbar puncture gave only slightly turbid fluid under normal pressure.Next day 6 c.cm. of clear fluid were obtained by puncture, and the patient was quite clear from sym- ptoms.Except for a serum rash on April 10th recovery from this point was uineventful.
Abstract 5551: Somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes in Chilean patients with sporadic colorectal cancer: Correlation with clinical and histological features
Authors: Claudia Hurtado, Alejandro Zarate, Ana María Wielandt, Katya Carrillo, Ken Yamagiwa, Udo Kronberg, Jorge Levican, Luis Contreras, Francisco Lopez-Kostner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA proto-oncogenes encode for proteins involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways. Activating mutations in these genes may contribute to tumor development and induce resistance to biological therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been proposed as a prognostic and predictive marker in sporadic CRC. Patients and methods: In tumors of patients undergoing surgery for sporadic CRC at our institution, somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes were assessed by single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and direct sequencing. MSI analysis was performed using the 5 markers of the standard NIH panel. Clinical and histopathological data of the patients were obtained from our prospectively maintained database. Results: A total of 58 patients with a nearly equal gender distribution and a mean age of 62 years were included. A total of 31 mutations in 26 patients were identified. The frequency of mutations was 28% for KRAS, 9% for BRAF and 17% for PIK3CA. No difference was found in the mutation frecuency between the different tumor locations (42,1% in right colon vs. 46,2% in left colon/rectum, P= NS) or lymphnode status (37,5% in node positive vs. 50% in node negative tumors, P=0,346). Tumors with deeper invasion showed a higher frecuency of mutations, but this tendency did not reach statistical significance (32% in pT1-2 vs. 51% in pT3-4, P=0,157). In 26% of the patients, MSI-high was observed, more frecuently in tumors of the right colon (57,9% vs 10,3%, P&amp;lt;0,001). Patients with BRAF mutations, a higher proportion of MSI-high was found compared to BRAF wildtype (27% vs. 2,3%, P=0,013). There was no correlation between the lymphnode positivity and MSI status. Conclusion: Our results show that the frequency of mutations in patients with sporadic CRC in Chile is similar to that described in other countries. The presence of MSI-high is correlated with tumors in the right colon and with mutations in the BRAF gene. The tendency of finding more mutations in locally advanced and node-negative tumors needs to be confirmed in future studies with a larger number of patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5551. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5551
Top US medical school dismisses former FDA commissioner as dean
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The dean of a top US medical school says that he was fired in retaliation for questions he raised about financial “irregularities” at the school.

David Kessler, dean of the University of California in San Francisco Medical School, was fired on 13 December. It follows a long battle between him and the school about its finances.

Dr Kessler told the BMJ that he requested the school’s financial records while he was being recruited to the school in the summer of 2003. The school gave him a spreadsheet, which he forwarded to the BMJ along with other documents …
Operator and Anaesthetist
Authors: S. I. Freedman, H. Young, P. Pinson
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Background and objective</h3> E- and P-selectins expressed on the luminal surface of mesodermally derived endothelial cells play a crucial role in the formation of haematogenous metastases in a number of malignancies. As peritoneal mesothelial cells are also derived form the mesoderm, it was hypothesised that selectins are also of importance in peritoneal tumour spread. <h3>Methods</h3> Immunohistochemistry was used to identify selectin expression on normal human peritoneum and isolated mesothelial cells. E- and P-selectin interactions with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were investigated in dynamic flow assays and flow cytometry; the latter was also used to determine the main selectin ligands on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines PaCa 5061, BxPC-3 and PaCa 5072, and selectin expression on human mesothelial cells. All cell lines were xenografted into the peritoneum of E- and P-selectin-deficient pfp/rag2 mice and selectin wild-type controls. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was quantified using MRI or a scoring system. <h3>Results</h3> E- and P-selectin were constitutively expressed on human mesothelial and endothelial cells in the peritoneum. PaCa 5061 and BxPC-3 cells interacted with E- and P-selectins in dynamic flow assays and flow cytometry, with CA19-9 (Sialyl Lewis a) being the main E-selectin ligand. For xenografted PaCa 5061 and BxPC-3 cells, peritoneal metastasis was significantly reduced in E- and P-selectin double knockout mice compared with wild-type pfp/rag2 animals. In contrast, PaCa 5072 cells were almost devoid of selectin binding sites and no intraperitoneal tumour growth was observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Interactions of tumour cells with peritoneal selectins play an important role in the peritoneal spread of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Acquired alpha 2 antiplasmin deficiency in glomerular proteinuria.
Authors: D A Taberner, A J Ralston, P Ackrill
Journal: BMJ (1981)

onset of symptoms.Rupture of a popliteal cyst and acute rupture of the knee may occur in rheumatoid arthritis, and both may produce identical signs and symptoms.4In these patients the presence of a popliteal cyst noticed by the patients themselves and its subsequent disappearance suggests that the calf swelling was due to leakage from the cyst rather than rupture of the joint.What is not clear is why there was an associated pyogenic arthritis.Did the infection in the knee occur before the rupture and actually cause the cyst to rupture by retrograde spread of infected synovial fluid, or was the synovial fluid completely sterile at the time of rupture only to become subsequently infected perhaps in the presence of a transient bacteraemia ?Aspiration of synovial fluid from the knee for analysis and culture is therefore advisable in any patient presenting with a ruptured popliteal cyst, particularly the elderly.
Cleared GP faces further investigation into more deaths
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A retired GP who had been charged with murdering three of his patients with large doses of morphine and diamorphine was cleared last month but now faces a coroner's investigation into the deaths of at least 12 more patients. Howard Martin, aged 71, was cleared by a jury at Teesside Crown Court of killing Frank Moss, aged 59, and Stanley Weldon and Harry Gittins, both aged 74. But immediately after, Durham police announced that it was handing files on another 12 patients to the coroner, Andrew Tweddle. The Crown Prosecution Service had looked at …
Financial rewards for pregnant smokers who quit
Authors: D. J. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells orchestrate the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer by recognizing epitopes presented on MHC-II molecules. The high polymorphism of MHC-II genes represents an important hurdle towards accurate prediction and identification of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell epitopes in different individuals and different species. Here we collected and curated a dataset of 627,013 unique MHC-II ligands identified by mass spectrometry. This enabled us to precisely determine the binding motifs of 88 MHC-II alleles across human, mouse, cattle and chicken. Analysis of these binding specificities combined with X-ray crystallography refined our understanding of the molecular determinants of MHC-II motifs and revealed a widespread reverse binding mode in MHC-II ligands. We then developed a machine learning framework to accurately predict binding specificities and ligands of any MHC-II allele. This tool improves and expands predictions of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell epitopes, and enabled us to discover and characterize several viral and bacterial epitopes following the aforementioned reverse binding mode.
Benzhexol-induced blindness in Parkinson's disease.
Authors: Z Friedman, E Neumann
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Introduction</h3> ‘Stealth vaping’ is the practice of vaping discreetly in places where electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is prohibited. While anecdotal evidence suggests that stealth vaping is common, there have been no formal studies of the behaviour. The purpose of this study is to examine stealth vaping behaviour among experienced e-cigarette users. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected from the follow-up survey of a large longitudinal cohort study of adult experienced e-cigarette users conducted in January 2017. To measure stealth vaping behaviour, participants were asked ‘Have you ever ‘stealth vaped’, that is to say, used an e-cig in a public place where it was not approved and attempted to conceal your e-cig use? (yes/no)’. Participants indicating yes completed additional questions about the frequency of stealth vaping and were asked to select all the locations where they commonly stealth vape. Frequencies were used to examine the overall prevalence, frequency and common locations for stealth vaping. A logistic regression model was run to predict stealth vaping. <h3>Results</h3> Approximately two-thirds (64.3%, n=297/462) of the sample reported ever stealth vaping, of which 52.5% (n=156/297) reported stealth vaping in the past week. Among stealth vapers (n=297), 31% reported owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping. The most common places to stealth vape included at work (46.8%), followed by bars/nightclubs (42.1%), restaurants (37.7%), at the movies (35.4%) and in airports/on airplanes (11.7%). Predictors of stealth vaping were greater dependence and owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Stealth vaping is a common behaviour for many experienced e-cigarette users. More research is needed to understand the reasons for stealth vaping and its potential health and safety implications. This information could help researchers and regulators to design interventions to minimise the public health impact of stealth vaping.
Smoking: Health Effects and Control
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

CIGARETTE smoking has been identified as the single most important source of preventable morbidity and premature mortality in each of the reports of the U.S. Surgeon General produced since 1964. The estimated annual excess mortality from cigarette smoking in the United States exceeds 350,000, more than the total number of American lives lost in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam combined and almost as many as were lost during World War II.1 It is estimated that among the 565,000 annual deaths from coronary heart disease, 30 per cent, or 170,000 deaths, are attributable to smoking.2 Furthermore, 30 per cent of . . .
1014 ALLELES AND GENOTYPES OF IL-18 AND IFN-GAMMA PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERITY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: A. Teixeira, C. Mendes-Junior, F. Fernandes, S. Ferreira, E. Mente, N. Deghaide, A. Sankarankutty, S. Zucoloto, O. Castro-e-Silva, E. Donadi, A. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Case of Miscarriage Followed by Haemorrhage and Death
Authors: J. R. Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1858)

strength, or of failure of the vital powers, is of the very highest value.I have been referring, in these remarks, more particularly to that form of disease where the nervous symptoms chiefly attract attention; and where pneumonia, the cause of the general excitement, is only detected by careful and extended inquiry.But this is not always the case; sometimes the pul- monary affection is brouglht out more prominently by the de- lirium.In such a case, a patietnt may be seen chafing with rage at hiis incessant couglh, anid exaggerating, in his com- plaints, every feature and every sensation of the pulmonary disease.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES IN LIVER DISEASE. I. COMPARISON OF SERUM AND PLASMA ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS IN LIVER DISEASE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FIBRINOGEN AND GAMMA GLOBULIN PATTERNS 12
Authors: Murray Franklin, William B. Bean, William D. Paul, J. I. Routh, Jesus de la Huerga, Hans Popper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)