tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON INFLUENZA DURING A NINE-MONTH PERIOD 1
Authors: Seymour S. Kalter, Orren D. Chapman, Catherine Burkhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

The anticipated influenza B epidemic material- ized late in November, 1945 and reached its peak during the month of December.Sporadic cases were recognized in the United States (1) for a period of some months preceding the actual epi- demic.The importance of recognizing this pre- epidemic period is unquestionably a necessity in order to avail ourselves of the prepared vaccines.It has been demonstrated (2-12) that immunization against the influenza viruses elicits an anti- body increase and offers protection to the experi- mental inhalation of the virus strains.Francis and coworkers ( 13) have demonstrated further that vaccination with inactivated influenza viruses Types A and B offers protection against influenza B during an epidemic.,That this epidemic was due to Type B has also been shown by Dalldorf and Rice (14).It is recognized that other agents are responsible for certain cases of bacteria-free pneumonias.Clinically these various types of virus pneumonia often resemble each other.It is essential, there- fore, to determine, if possible, the agent responsible for the infection.Their differentiation may be made by isolation of the virus or by serological studies.In many instances, failure to isolate an organism does not eliminate its possible role as causative agent.On the other hand, the development of specific antibodies in convalescent sera is one criterion that is considered to be conclusive evidence of contact with the specific antigen.Many agents have been isolated and serological technics for their identification have been developed.These various viral technics available for labo- ratory diagnosis are now routinely employed in many laboratories.The examination of serum samples for the presence of antibodies to viruses, as well as those producing a clinical syndrome
Response to Ward
Authors: Karsten Jungheim, Klaas Jan Wientjes, Lutz Heinemann, Volker Lodwig, Theodor Koschinsky, Adelbert J. Schoonen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We read with interest the comments of Ward (1) on our microdialysis-based continuous glucose monitoring system. We especially appreciate that he shares our delight on the stability (i.e., lack of time-dependent signal decline) of this system, which has been verified by standardized regression analysis.

Furthermore, Ward raises the important general question of the optimal way to evaluate a continuous glucose monitoring device—an open question so far. Our suggestion is to perform an evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring device in a stepwise approach consisting of a …
Lyme disease in a Hampshire child.
Authors: M Muhlemann
Journal: BMJ (1986)

real consent.Doing so in clinical practice can be difficult enough.Here the professional ethic of the practitioner is the main safeguard, with additional safeguards from consultation or discussion with others available as required.The further that practice deviates from clinical care and is moti- vated by other considerations then the more it seems necessary to establish the guidelines for sharing responsibility with others-notably, rela- tives (if available) and local ethics committees.
Successful doxorubicin therapy of primary macroglobulinemia resistant to alkylating agents
Authors: Gerald H. Clamon, Michael P. Corder, C. Patrick Burns
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Two patients with macroglobulinemia refractory to alkylating agent therapy did have an objective response to therapy with doxorubicin. For patients refractory to alkylating agents, doxorubicin is an alternative to other alkylating agents or procarbazine.
"Small is beautiful" in Whitby.
Authors: C Harris
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Dr Mitchell showed that the frequency of pancreatic cancer was increasing: the condition was now commoner than cancer of the stomach. Nevertheless, though modern methods such as computer tomography and endoscopie retrograde cholangiopancreatography were making the diagnosis more specific, patients still usually came to the clinic with advanced disease. The ideal test still had to be developed, and the best method of early diagnosis was a high index of suspicion in any patient with malaise and loss of weight. Professor Losowsky discussed hepatitis problems and solutions, emphasising that persistent hepatitis B infection was associated with a considerably increased risk of hepatoma. Rarely remissions had occurred with treatment with interferon, but combinations of antiviral agents needed to be given. Thus, though the ultimate aim must be eradication of the infection, the short term one must be to prevent transmission. Patients known to be antigen positive must tell their doctor or dentist of this fact; conversely the general practitioner must give patients firm advice on lifestyle in simple lay language?yet a survey had shown that few did this. The current vaccine was expensive yet effective and boosters were required only occasionally. Concluding, Sir Christopher Booth pointed to one outstanding achievement of the NHS: the striking improvement in hospital practice. Before 1947 the Pickles practice in Wensleydale had made it a rule never to send a patient to hospital?which was a virtual death sentence. The standard of the work at Scarborough, as well as the outstanding quality of the presentations that afternoon, showed how far standards had advanced in 40 years.
FAVORABLE OUTCOMES AND 30 DAY READMISSION RATES ACHIEVED BY IMPLEMENTING A GUIDELINE BASED TRANSFER PROTOCOL IN A LARGE RURAL ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SYSTEM OF CARE INCLUDING TRANSFERS UP TO 183 MILES
Authors: Richard Mullvain, Lisa Abrahams, Wilson Ginete, Nancy Hassinger, Audrey Bennett, Jessica Olen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
DETERMINANTS OF CHANGES IN AORTIC LATE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE AUGMENTATION OVER TIME
Authors: Prithvi Shiva-Kumar, Josefina E. Medina-Lezama, Oscar L. Morey-Vargas, Juan F. Bolaños-Salazar, Humberto Zea-Diaz, Diana A. Chirinos-Medina, Julio A. Chirinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Karl Jaspers — Modern Existentialist
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

FOR some reason existentialism has an unsavory reputation. People who do not know very much about it tend to associate it with loose morals and anti-Christian sentiments. Quite the contrary is true. Existentialism represents a major reversal of the prevalent trends of psychology and philosophy of the last hundred years, in which man is seen as merely the product of his environment. Existentialism deals with the freedom of man and the choices e mu mak Is positi my parodi in the figure of a perplexed person muttering to himself, "Decisions, decisions!"Existentialism is concerned with individual people in particular situations; . . .
Transketolase abnormality in cultured fibroblasts from familial chronic alcoholic men and their male offspring.
Authors: A B Mukherjee, S Svoronos, A Ghazanfari, P R Martin, A Fisher, B Roecklein, D Rodbard, R Staton, D Behar, C J Berg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have investigated a thiamine-dependent enzyme, transketolase, in cultured fibroblasts from 41 human subjects, including patients with alcoholism-associated Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (n = 3), familial chronic alcoholic males (n = 7), their sons (n = 7), nonalcoholic men (n = 7), their male offspring (n = 7), and three generations of an Amish family (n = 10) without any history of alcoholism. This study was undertaken to delineate whether transketolase abnormality (i.e., high Michaelis Menton constant (Km) for thiamine pyrophosphate), previously reported in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is prevalent among familial chronic alcoholic men and their sons without prior history of alcohol abuse but who are at high risk for alcoholism. Our data suggest that an inborn error (i.e., high Km of transketolase for thiamine pyrophosphate) predisposing to thiamine deficiency diseases similar to those reported in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may occur in the general population. However, for some as yet unexplained reason(s) this variant seems to occur more frequently among familial chronic alcoholic men and their male offspring without any history of alcoholism. The inheritance pattern of this enzyme variant as revealed from an Amish pedigree study may be autosomal recessive as previously suggested.
Chelation Therapy of Hexachlorobenzene Induced Chronic Porphyria.
Authors: Henry A. Peters
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Chelation Therapy of Hexachlorobenzene Induced Chronic Porphyria.Henry A. Peters, M.D., F.A.C.P., Ihsan Dogramaci, M.D.Henry A. Peters, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Ihsan Dogramaci, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-727_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1958, Dr. C. Cam of Diyarbakir, Turkey, first reported on cases of chronic hepatic porphyria in Turkish patients that was traced to the consumption of wheat as food that had been prepared for planting by treatment with a fungicide, hexachlorobenzene. The condition produced marked bullous lesions, hyperpigmentation, and hirsutism that in children gave rise to the descriptive term of "monkey children." In addition, in children under the age of 4 that were breast fed by mothers exposed to this chemical, a progressively fatal illness also took place. No ethnic group in the area was spared, and there were an... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Henry A. Peters, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Ihsan Dogramaci, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4 Page: 727-727 Keywords Blisters Children Food Hyperpigmentation Porphyria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Biology of the Blastocyst
Authors: Robert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Blandau presents an outstanding text in reproductive biology, dealing with the mammalian blastocyst. At the 1969 Lake Wilderness conference, he and other notable scientists worked toward a better understanding of the complex embryo-uterine interrelationships as well as a new prospective on contraception. They strove to give the physician basic fundamental concepts to control the expanding world population. High quality photographs, diagrams, and tables, combined with some 1,300 references on over 500 subjects, portray present-day blastocyst biology. One ponders over the many conflicting results and the inventory of unanswered questions which stagger our imagination. However, it seems quite likely that much of the data obtained from animals can be extrapolated and applied to man. Morphologic, biochemical, and developmental similarities exist among the pre-implantation stages of mammals. The blastocyst contains paternal elements foreign to the mother so that implantation may be considered a graft of alien tissue. Yet rejection marks the
Impaired DNA Damage Response, Genome Instability, and Tumorigenesis in SIRT1 Mutant Mice
Authors: Rui-Hong Wang, Kundan Sengupta, Cuiling Li, Hyun-Seok Kim, Liu Cao, Cuiying Xiao, Sangsoo Kim, Xiaoling Xu, Yin Zheng, Beverly Chilton, Rong Jia, Zhi-Ming Zheng, Ettore Appella, Xin Wei Wang, Thomas Ried, Chu-Xia Deng
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Self-reactive B Cells Are Not Eliminated or Inactivated by Autoantigen Expressed on Thyroid Epithelial Cells
Authors: Srinivas Akkaraju, Karen Canaan, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. In contrast to the deletion of autoreactive B cells triggered by systemic mHEL (Hartley, S.B., J. Crosbie, R. Brink, A.B. Kantor, A. Basten, and C.C. Goodnow. 1991. Nature. 353:765–769), selective expression of mHEL autoantigen on thyroid cells did not trigger elimination or inactivation of circulating HEL-reactive B cells. These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed.
Interindividual variation in pubertal growth patterns of ventilatory function, standing height, and weight.
Authors: G J Borsboom, W van Pelt, P H Quanjer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We studied interindividual variation in pubertal growth patterns from peak growth velocities (PGV) and peak growth ages (PGA) of ventilatory function, standing height, and weight in a selection of 144 boys from a longitudinal survey of 404 pupils in a Dutch secondary school. Measurements were made at intervals of approximately 0.5 yr between 1978 and 1985. Between 9 and 14 measurements were available for each selected individual. Average age on enrollment was 12.7 years. Ventilatory function was characterized by FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of the FVC (MEF50), derived from maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves. PGVs and PGAs were derived from monotonically increased regression splines, fitted to the data of each individual and each variable separately. The 90% percentile ranges of PGA were approximately 4.5 yr in all variables. In almost all boys, the PGA of height occurred earlier than that of ventilatory function, but the magnitude of the time lag varied considerably. Median PGAs agreed well with peak growth ages derived from average growth velocity curves fitted on exactly the same data. However, median PGVs were 1.25 to 1.40 times higher than the corresponding estimates from the average curves. The latter finding implies that in almost all cases, individual development deviates considerably from development suggested by average growth profiles. No differences in PGA and PGV were found between subjects with a prepubertal history of respiratory symptoms and those without. The large interindividual variations in PGA and PGV, and in the time lag between growth of height and of ventilatory function, are not accounted for in cross-sectional reference equations. These equations are therefore not suitable to predict individual development during adolescence.
The language of health.
Authors: A Nowlan, T McSean
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Four patterns of inositol fermentation by different isolates of Klebsiellae are described. Inositol fermentation by some isolates may be modified by medium incorporation of acetoin and diacetyl. An inositol--hydrogen sulphide--motility medium, modified by reducing the pH value, increasing the inositol concentration, and the incorporation of acetoin, is described and evaluated as a means of detecting acid production by isolates showing different inositol fermentation patterns.
Natural Killer Cells Are Essential for the Ability of BRAF Inhibitors to Control BRAFV600E-Mutant Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Lucas Ferrari de Andrade, Shin F. Ngiow, Kimberley Stannard, Sylvie Rusakiewicz, Murugan Kalimutho, Kum Kum Khanna, Siok-Keen Tey, Kazuyoshi Takeda, Laurence Zitvogel, Ludovic Martinet, Mark J. Smyth
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

BRAF(V600E) is a major oncogenic mutation found in approximately 50% of human melanoma that confers constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway and increased melanoma growth. Inhibition of BRAF(V600E) by oncogene targeting therapy increases overall survival of patients with melanoma, but is unable to produce many durable responses. Adaptive drug resistance remains the main limitation to BRAF(V600E) inhibitor clinical efficacy and immune-based strategies could be useful to overcome disease relapse. Tumor microenvironment greatly differs between visceral metastasis and primary cutaneous melanoma, and the mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic efficacy of BRAF(V600E) inhibitors remain to be determined. To address this question, we developed a metastatic BRAF(V600E)-mutant melanoma cell line and demonstrated that the antimetastatic properties of BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 (a research analogue of vemurafenib) require host natural killer (NK) cells and perforin. Indeed, PLX4720 not only directly limited BRAF(V600E)-induced tumor cell proliferation, but also affected NK cell functions. We showed that PLX4720 increases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CD69 expression, and proliferation of mouse NK cells in vitro. NK cell frequencies were significantly enhanced by PLX4720 specifically in the lungs of mice with BRAF(V600E) lung metastases. Furthermore, PLX4720 also increased human NK cell pERK1/2, CD69 expression, and IFNγ release in the context of anti-NKp30 and IL2 stimulation. Overall, this study supports the idea that additional NK cell-based immunotherapy (by checkpoint blockade or agonists or cytokines) may combine well with BRAF(V600E) inhibitor therapy to promote more durable responses in melanoma.
Language first, then shared intentionality, then a beneficent spiral
Authors: Derek Bickerton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. give a good account of how shared intentionality develops in children, but a much weaker one of how it might have evolved. They are unduly hasty in dismissing the emergence of language as a triggering factor. An alternative account is suggested in which language provided the spark, but thereafter language and shared intentionality coevolved.
Neuroretina specification in mouse embryos requires Six3-mediated suppression of Wnt8b in the anterior neural plate
Authors: Wei Liu, Oleg Lagutin, Eric Swindell, Milan Jamrich, Guillermo Oliver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Retinal degeneration causes vision impairment and blindness in humans. If one day we are to harness the potential of stem cell-based cell replacement therapies to treat these conditions, it is imperative that we better understand normal retina development. Currently, the genes and mechanisms that regulate the specification of the neuroretina during vertebrate eye development remain unknown. Here, we identify sine oculis-related homeobox 3 (Six3) as a crucial player in this process in mice. In Six3 conditional-mutant mouse embryos, specification of the neuroretina was abrogated, but that of the retinal pigmented epithelium was normal. Conditional deletion of Six3 did not affect the initial development of the optic vesicle but did arrest subsequent neuroretina specification. Ectopic rostral expansion of Wnt8b expression was the major response to Six3 deletion and the leading cause for the specific lack of neuroretina, as ectopic Wnt8b expression in transgenic embryos was sufficient to suppress neuroretina specification. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified Six3-responsive elements in the Wnt8b locus and demonstrated that Six3 directly repressed Wnt8b expression in vivo. Our findings provide a molecular framework to the program leading to neuroretina differentiation and may be relevant for the development of novel strategies aimed at characterizing and eventually treating different abnormalities in eye formation.
NHS absenteeism is a “festering sore,” study says
Authors: Oona Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Managers in the United Kingdom’s health services are failing to tackle staff absenteeism, which costs millions of pounds in lost productivity every year, a new study concludes.

Healthcare has the highest levels of absenteeism levels of any sector, and a reduction of just 1% could save the NHS in England more than £34.2m (€39.2m; $55.7m) a year, say the authors, Vivienne Walker and David Bamford, from Manchester Business School ( Health Services Management Research 2011;24:142-50, doi:10.1258/hsmr.2011.011004).

Sickness absence costs the UK economy £12bn each year, and the rate of absenteeism is much higher among public than private sector workers, they say.

To reach their findings the researchers reviewed 140 previously published studies on absenteeism and carried out an in-depth investigation into …
Abstract 5301: MUC16-Siglec-9 binding leads to adhesion between ovarian tumor cells and specific subsets of NK cells, B cells, and monocytes
Authors: Manish S. Patankar, Jennifer A. Belisle, Sachi Horibata, Mildred Felder, Jennifer A.A. Gubbels, Joseph P. Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MUC16 is a cell surface mucin expressed at high levels by epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Following proteolytic cleavage, cell surface MUC16 (csMUC16) is shed in the extracellular milieu and is detected in the serum of cancer patients as the tumor marker CA125. csMUC16 acts as an adhesion molecule and facilitates peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. Both sMUC16 and csMUC16 also protect cancer cells from cytotoxic responses of natural killer (NK) cells. In a previous study, we demonstrated that sMUC16 binds to a specific subset of NK cells. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to NK cells, sMUC16 also binds to B cells and monocytes isolated from the peripheral circulation and the peritoneal fluid. The I-type lectin, Siglec-9, is identified as the sMUC16 receptor on these immune cells. The inhibitory receptor Siglec-9 is expressed on approximately 30-40% of CD16pos/CD56dim NK cells, 20-30% of B cells and &amp;gt;95% of monocytes. sMUC16 binds to the majority of the Siglec-9pos NK cells, B cells and monocytes. sMUC16 is released from the immune cells following neuraminidase treatment. While sMUC16 binds to Siglec-9, it has no affinity for another I-type lectin Siglec-7. Experiments with Siglec-9 transfected Jurkat cells and monocytes isolated from healthy donors demonstrate that immune cells can bind to ovarian tumor cells via Siglec-9-csMUC16 interaction. Siglec-9 is an inhibitory receptor that attenuates T cell and NK cell function. Our studies indicate that sMUC16/csMUC16 may each serve as Siglec-9 ligands and mediate inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5301.
Articular Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: RUSSELL LABOWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

We have studied 25 patients with classical systemic lupus erythematosus and joint manifestations to characterize features of the arthritis that may suggest this diagnosis. Objective arthritis was seen in 19 patients (76%) and was usually mild. There was no destructive joint disease except for 4 patients who developed aseptic necrosis while on corticoid therapy. Synovial fluids showed less intense inflammation than in rheumatoid arthritis and did not always reflect the degree of inflammation that was occurring in the synovial membrane. Antinuclear factors, lupus erythematosus cells, and lowered total hemolytic complement were seen in some effusions. Light and electron microscopy of synovial biopsies from 7 patients showed synovial lining cell proliferation and microvascular changes including occasional vasculitis and various degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. Microtubular paramyxovirus-like inclusions were seen in venular endothelial cells of two patients. Small vessel changes appear to be playing an important role in the pathogenesis of the articular disease.