tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Neurocognitive Functioning and Positive Temperament in Twins Discordant for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Rachel G. Higier, Amy M. Jimenez, Christina M. Hultman, Jacqueline Borg, Cristina Roman, Isabelle Kizling, Henrik Larsson, Tyrone D. Cannon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Objective: Based on evidence linking creativity and bipolar disorder, a model has been proposed whereby factors influencing liability to bipolar disorder confer certain traits with positive effects on reproductive fitness. The authors tested this model by examining key traits known to be associated with evolutionary fitness, namely, temperament and neurocognition, in individuals carrying liability for bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia probands and their co-twins were included as psychiatric controls. Method: Twin pairs discordant for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and control pairs were identified through the Swedish Twin Registry. The authors administered a neuropsychological test battery and temperament questionnaires to samples of bipolar probands, bipolar co-twins, schizophrenia probands, schizophrenia co-twins, and controls. Multivariate mixed-model analyses of variance were conducted to compare groups on temperament and neurocognitive scores. Results: Bipolar co-twins showed elevated scores on a "positivity" temperament scale compared with controls and bipolar probands, while bipolar probands scored higher on a "negativity" scale compared with their co-twins and controls, who did not differ. Additionally, bipolar co-twins showed superior performance compared with controls on tests of verbal learning and fluency, while bipolar probands showed performance decrements across all neurocognitive domains. In contrast, schizophrenia co-twins showed attenuated impairments in positivity and overall neurocognitive functioning relative to their ill proband counterparts. Conclusions: These findings suggest that supra-normal levels of sociability and verbal functioning may be associated with liability for bipolar disorder. These effects were specific to liability for bipolar disorder and did not apply to schizophrenia. Such benefits may provide a partial explanation for the persistence of bipolar illness in the population.
Wound ballistics. A review of common misconceptions
Authors: M. L. Fackler
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Attempts to explain wound ballistics (the study of effects on the body produced by penetrating projectiles) have only succeeded in mystifying it. This review explains the projectile-tissue interaction and presents data showing the location, type, and amount of tissue disruption characteristically produced by various projectiles. Data on tissue disruption are presented graphically as wound profiles. The major misconceptions in the field are listed, analyzed, and disentangled. Failure in adhering to the basic precepts of scientific method is the common denominator in all of the listed misconceptions; the result has been diversion of attention from the element essential to understanding and properly treating the gunshot wound--objective evaluation of the wound itself.
IL-10 Elicits IFNγ-Dependent Tumor Immune Surveillance
Authors: John B. Mumm, Jan Emmerich, Xueqing Zhang, Ivan Chan, Lingling Wu, Smita Mauze, Steven Blaisdell, Beth Basham, Jie Dai, Jeff Grein, Catherine Sheppard, Kyu Hong, Collette Cutler, Scott Turner, Drake LaFace, Melanie Kleinschek, Michael Judo, Gulesi Ayanoglu, John Langowski, Danling Gu, Brittany Paporello, Erin Murphy, Venkataraman Sriram, Saraswathi Naravula, Bela Desai, Satya Medicherla, Wolfgang Seghezzi, Terrill McClanahan, Susan Cannon-Carlson, Amy M. Beebe, Martin Oft
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Asthma and Panic in Young Adults
Authors: Gregor Hasler, Peter J. Gergen, David G. Kleinbaum, Vladeta Ajdacic, Alex Gamma, Dominique Eich, Wulf Rössler, Jules Angst
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Psychologic factors are increasingly recognized to influence the onset and course of asthma. Previous cross-sectional community-based studies have provided evidence for a relatively specific association between asthma and panic. Objectives: To examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between asthma and panic in young adults. Measurements and Main Results: Prospective community-based cohort study of young adults (n = 591) followed between ages 19 and 40. Information was derived from six subsequent semistructured diagnostic interviews conducted by professionals. Cross-sectionally (over the whole study period), asthma was more strongly associated with panic disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7, 9.3) than with any panic, which included panic disorder and panic attacks (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1, 4.5). Longitudinally, after adjusting for potentially confounding variables, active asthma predicted subsequent panic disorder (OR = 4.5; 95% CI, 1.1, 20.1), and the presence of panic disorder predicted subsequent asthma activity (OR = 6.3; 95% CI, 2.8, 14.0). Asthma predicted any panic (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1, 7.1), whereas any panic did not predict subsequent asthma activity. Associations were stronger in smokers than in nonsmokers, and stronger in women than in men. Smoking, early-childhood anxiety, and a family history of allergy were important confounders of the asthma–panic association. Conclusions: This is the first long-term follow-up study on asthma and panic. It showed dose–response-type relationships between panic and asthma, and bidirectional longitudinal associations between the two conditions. It provided evidence for familial factors and smoking as possible shared etiologic explanations.
Solitary fibrosing paraspinal plaque: solitary morphoea profunda?
Authors: R.S. KIRSNER, J.B. PARDES, V. FALANGA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Solitary morphoea profunda is a recently described morphological variant of localized scleroderma. Two of the five reported patients had a solitary fibrotic plaque in the paraspinal region. We report a 16‐year‐old boy with a solitary fibrotic paraspinai plaque which, on histological examination, showed dermal and subcutaneous sclerosis, with a polymorphous infiltrate including plasma cells and eosinophils. Laboratory tests were either negative or normal, except for mild peripheral blood eosinophilia. Antinuclear antibodies were not detected, and the patient had no evidence of Borrelia infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the process involved the subcutaneous tissue, but did not extend to the underlying bone. As half of the patients with this entity (three of six) now described have had a solitary fibrotic plaque in a paraspinal location. we suggest that it may be premature to classify all these cases as being a variant of morphoea. We propose the use ofthe descriptive term solitary fibrosing paraspinal plaque, until the aetiology or aetiologies of this condition are better understood.
Increased Prevalence of Cholelithiasis in Men Ingesting a Serum-Cholesterol-Lowering Diet
Authors: Richard A. L. Sturdevant, M. L. Pearce, S. Dayton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To study the effect of long-term feeding of a diet high in unsaturated fat, low in saturated fat, low in cholesterol, and high in plant sterol on cholelithiasis in man, we reviewed autopsy records from the Los Angeles Veterans Administration controlled clinical trial of dietary prevention of complications of atherosclerosis. Autopsied men who ate more than 33 per cent of the experimental meals served from entry into the trial to death were more likely to have gallstones (34 per cent) than control subjects (14 per cent) (p less than 0.01). The proportion of men in the experimental diet group with gallstones at autopsy was directly correlated with number of trial meals eaten (p less than 0.05). Gallstones were more common (p less than 0.01 ) at autopsy in men 9.1 kg or more overweight (43 per cent) than in the remaining men (16 per cent) in both diet groups. The data suggest that some property of the experimental diet (high ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat or high ratio of plant sterol to cholesterol or both) promoted gallstone formation.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of a Cystic Metastasis in the Mediastinum that Caused Tracheal Obstruction
Authors: E. Jonas, T. Josephson
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We read with great interest the recent article by Mohl et al. reporting the endoscopic transhiatal drainage of a mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst, clearly demonstrating the extension of the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided therapy beyond the abdominal cavity [1]. We describe a case where a cystic mediastinal lesion was drained into the esophagus.
Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Gary P. Wormser, Roshan Ramanathan, John Nowakowski, Donna McKenna, Diane Holmgren, Paul Visintainer, Rhea Dornbush, Brij Singh, Robert B. Nadelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Treatment of patients with early Lyme disease has trended toward longer duration despite the absence of supporting clinical trials. Objective: To evaluate different durations of oral doxycycline treatment and the combination of oral doxycycline and a single intravenous dose of ceftriaxone for treatment of patients with early Lyme disease. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Single-center university hospital. Patients: 180 patients with erythema migrans. Intervention: Ten days of oral doxycycline, with or without a single intravenous dose of ceftriaxone, or 20 days of oral doxycycline. Measurements: Outcome was based on clinical observations and neurocognitive testing. Efficacy was assessed at 20 days, 3 months, 12 months, and 30 months. Results: At all time points, the complete response rate was similar for the three treatment groups in both on-study and intention-to-treat analyses. In the on-study analysis, the complete response rate at 30 months was 83.9% in the 20-day doxycycline group, 90.3% in the 10-day doxycycline group, and 86.5% in the doxycyclineceftriaxone group (P > 0.2). The only patient with treatment failure (10-day doxycycline group) developed meningitis on day 18. There were no significant differences in the results of neurocognitive testing among the three treatment groups and a separate control group without Lyme disease. Diarrhea occurred significantly more often in the doxycyclineceftriaxone group (35%) than in either of the other two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Extending treatment with doxycycline from 10 to 20 days or adding one dose of ceftriaxone to the beginning of a 10-day course of doxycycline did not enhance therapeutic efficacy in patients with erythema migrans. Regardless of regimen, objective evidence of treatment failure was extremely rare.
Sustainable Control of Water-Related Infectious Diseases: A Review and Proposal for Interdisciplinary Health-Based Systems Research
Authors: Stuart Batterman, Joseph Eisenberg, Rebecca Hardin, Margaret E. Kruk, Maria Carmen Lemos, Anna M. Michalak, Bhramar Mukherjee, Elisha Renne, Howard Stein, Cristy Watkins, Mark L. Wilson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

ObjectiveEven when initially successful, many interventions aimed at reducing the toll of water-related infectious disease have not been sustainable over longer periods of time. Here we review historical practices in water-related infectious disease research and propose an interdisciplinary public health oriented systems approach to research and intervention design.Data sourcesOn the basis of the literature and the authors' experiences, we summarize contributions from key disciplines and identify common problems and trends. Practices in developing countries, where the disease burden is the most severe, are emphasized.Data extractionWe define waterborne and water-associated vectorborne diseases and identify disciplinary themes and conceptual needs by drawing from ecologic, anthropologic, engineering, political/economic, and public health fields. A case study examines one of the classes of water-related infectious disease.Data synthesisThe limited success in designing sustainable interventions is attributable to factors that include the complexity and interactions among the social, ecologic, engineering, political/economic, and public health domains; incomplete data; a lack of relevant indicators; and most important, an inadequate understanding of the proximal and distal factors that cause water-related infectious disease. Fundamental change is needed for research on water-related infectious diseases, and we advocate a systems approach framework using an ongoing evidence-based health outcomes focus with an extended time horizon. The examples and case study in the review show many opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations, data fusion techniques, and other advances.ConclusionsThe proposed framework will facilitate research by addressing the complexity and divergent scales of problems and by engaging scientists in the disciplines needed to tackle these difficult problems. Such research can enhance the prevention and control of water-related infectious diseases in a manner that is sustainable and focused on public health outcomes.
Prophylactic Efficacy of Intranasal Alpha<sub>2</sub>-Interferon against Rhinovirus Infections in the Family Setting
Authors: Robert M. Douglas, Brian W. Moore, Helen B. Miles, Lorraine M. Davies, Neil M.H. Graham, Philip Ryan, David A. Worswick, Janice K. Albrecht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In a double-blind evaluation of alpha2-interferon as prophylaxis against naturally acquired respiratory infections, 120 adult members of 46 Australian families used 325 courses of intranasal spray during a six-month period, applying 5 million IU to the anterior nasal mucosa daily for seven days when respiratory symptoms developed in another member of the family. Used in this way, the alpha2-interferon was well tolerated, and the rate of minor nasal bleeding (12 percent) did not increase with repeated courses. By comparison with the control group of 109 members of 49 families who used 319 seven-day courses of placebo spray, the users of alpha2-interferon experienced 33 percent fewer days with nasal symptoms and 41 percent fewer episodes of "definite" respiratory illness. The users of alpha2-interferon who were exposed to rhinovirus infections experienced 76 percent fewer days with symptoms and 86 percent fewer "definite" illnesses than their counterparts who used placebo. All of the observed clinical benefits, which suggested prevention of 6.8 "definite" respiratory illnesses per 100 courses of medication used, could be explained by a protective effect against illness associated with rhinoviruses that was not demonstrated for influenza A or B or coronavirus 229E. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:65–70.)
The adaptor ASC has extracellular and 'prionoid' activities that propagate inflammation
Authors: Bernardo S Franklin, Lukas Bossaller, Dominic De Nardo, Jacqueline M Ratter, Andrea Stutz, Gudrun Engels, Christoph Brenker, Mark Nordhoff, Sandra R Mirandola, Ashraf Al-Amoudi, Matthew S Mangan, Sebastian Zimmer, Brian G Monks, Martin Fricke, Reinhold E Schmidt, Terje Espevik, Bernadette Jones, Andrew G Jarnicki, Philip M Hansbro, Patricia Busto, Ann Marshak-Rothstein, Simone Hornemann, Adriano Aguzzi, Wolfgang Kastenmüller, Eicke Latz
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Management of Childhood Brain Tumors
Authors: Peter M. Black
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Brain tumors are second only to leukemia among childhood malignancies and are an important cause of death in children. Unfortunately, children with brain tumors have not experienced the dramatic improvement in survival that has accompanied the management of lymphoproliferative disorders. The glioblastoma of childhood is one of the most devastating neoplasms we know, and such tumors as primitive neuroectodermal tumors, anaplastic astrocytomas, and medulloblastomas remain extremely difficult to deal with. Most of us who treat childhood brain tumors believe that we will see major advances over the next few years. Much of this has to do with technical achievements: using the operating microscope, surgery can be done with greater safety, and with major resection, focal radiation therapy can be given, and chemotherapeutic agents and administration techniques are constantly improving. In some tumors such as medulloblastomas, these advances are being signaled even now. This multiauthor volume, one of the series<i>Foundations</i>
The Requirement of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 for Neutrophil Respiratory Burst in the Pulmonary Circulation of Rats Infused with Endotoxin
Authors: YOSHIHIRO MINAMIYA, SATORU MOTOYAMA, MICHIHIKO KITAMURA, SATOSHI SAITO, KUNIHIKO TERADA, JUN-ICHI OGAWA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Recently, we demonstrated direct evidence of respiratory burst of the neutrophil in the pulmonary circulation of the endotoxin-infused rat (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995;152:348-354). To determine the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in this model, we neutralized ICAM-1 using antirat ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A29. We observed and measured the number of sticking leukocytes and the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the pulmonary circulation of the endotoxin-infused rat by means of a fluoro-imaging technique. The rats received 4.5 mg/kg/h of endotoxin for 2 h. Ten rats received 2 mg/kg of mAb 1A29 20 min before the intravenous infusion of endotoxin. Although the pretreatment with mAb 1A29 did not reduce the number of leukocytes sticking to the pulmonary capillaries, it almost completely inhibited the H2O2 production of leukocytes in the rat lung infused with endotoxin. We confirmed that the leukocytes that produced H2O2 were neutrophil by an electron microscopic cerium technique. We conclude that, although ICAM-1 is not necessary for neutrophil to stick to the capillary in the rat pulmonary circulation infused with endotoxin, ICAM-1 is required for neutrophil H2O2 production in this model.
Spinal Anesthesia and Mini-Dose Heparin
Authors: Samuel M. Parnass
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his response to a question posed by Dr Russell, Dr Eichhorn<sup>1</sup>makes the point that many anesthesiologists administer spinal or epidural anesthesia to patients receiving mini-dose heparin because there are no reported cases of epidural hematoma in such patients. However, Darnat et al<sup>2</sup>report a case of a patient who was receiving 5000 U of calcium heparinate every 12 hours for antithrombotic therapy and had an epidural catheter placed through a 16-gauge Touhy needle for chronic pain relief. Blood was encountered with placement of the catheter, and an epidural hematoma with complete paraplegia developed over 3 hours, as diagnosed by contrast myelography. Surgery to improve the neurological deficit was unsuccessful. We agree with Dr Eichhorn's suggestion that checking a partial thromboplastin or activated clotting time prior to performance of a spinal or epidural puncture in patients receiving minidose heparin may be prudent. However, the
No association between hepatitis C and B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jane D. Collier, Brent Zanke, Malcolm Moore, Garry Kessler, Mel Krajden, Frances Shepherd, Jenny Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Chronic viral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects lymphocytes. Chronic infection with HCV may result in B-cell proliferation. Individuals infected with hepatitis C are often co-infected with the RNA virus GB virus type C. Studies from Europe where hepatitis C infection is more common than in North America have shown a high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of HCV and GBV-C infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma in an area of low HCV prevalence. One hundred patients with B-cell lymphoma (10 high grade, 46 intermediate grade, and 44 low grade) and 100 controls with nonhematological malignancies were studied. Serum was analyzed for HCV antibodies by third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and HCV RNA and GBV-C RNA was analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR. None of the controls or lymphoma patients had antibodies to HCV. HCV RNA was undetected in 60 out of 100 lymphoma patients tested. GBV-C RNA was detected in the serum of 5 out of 100 (5%) of lymphoma patients and in 3 out of 100 (3%) controls. Hepatitis C and GBV-C are, therefore, unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma in North America.
Anyone for tetanus?
Authors: D. C. Kennie
Journal: BMJ (1988)

occupational medicine has not incorporated its wealth of experience in the workplace into the environmental sciences.There may still be a place for a generalist in industrial practice, but more so for a specialist with a specific, deeper scientific and research background and experience in inter- preting scientific data.In universities the principles of occupational medicine may be taught to undergraduate medical students by clinicians who are not specialists in the subject.Consequently the role of an undergraduate teaching department of occupational medicine is not clear and is reflected in its accorded position and reputation.Professional training in occupational medicine is the responsibility of the faculty and, although this has been rationalised and improved in recent years, it is still confined to training posts in industry.At present there is no requirement for a period in academic research or on a training rotation in a university or the health service, which is in contrast to every other medical specialty.Joint training programmes between industry and academic departments would broaden the clinical experience, scientific ability, and, ultimately, the credibility of occupational physicians.
Witness-to-Consent Form
Authors: R. K. Y. DUSINBERRE
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I want to comment on a point of "legal confusion," exemplified in the article, "Whither Informed Consent," by D. H. Mills, JD (229:305; 325, 1974), and its editorial comment and the recent rebuttal and rejoiner (234:615, 1975). In his rebuttal, Alan Meisel, JD, recommends that the responsible physician or surgeon should not sign a consent form as a witness, on the grounds that he is an interested party, and that, as in witnessing wills, a witness should be an impartial, disinterested witness to the signatures, and to the entire consent conversation as well. Agreed, except that a record of consent is not like a will, but like a conveyance, in which the physician's signature should not be excluded, but definitely be included as that of a very definitely interested party. If the patient has reservations, they should be recorded, and the physician should agree to abide by
The Pursuit of Perfection: The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement
Authors: P. Conrad
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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