tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertension--Aetiology and Surgical Treatment
Authors: G. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<b>Introduction:</b> LAM is a rare multisystem disease in young women. FEV1 decrease is a main complication. Several studies have shown that serum levels of VEGF levels are elevated in up to 2/3 of women with LAM. The key treatment for parenchymal lung disease is sirolimus. We here report FEV1 development in 23 LAM patients according to VEGF levels and how sirolimus affects FEV1 course dependent on VEGF levels in these patients. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 48 LAM patients were followed up on at pneumology of MHH regarding VEGF levels and FEV1 development over 2,7 (1,0-8,2) years. 18 Patients were transplanted and therefore excluded. For 23 non-transplanted Patients VEGF levels were available. For each Patient linear regression was conducted to specify patients FEV1-course in ml/year decrease. Linear regression was conducted to show relation of FEV1 and VEGF, further stratified by sirolimus therapy. <b>Results:</b> Median age of patients was 51,5 (47-62) years, whereas the mean age of time of diagnosis was 38 (37-47) years. VEGF median was 1,2 (0,62-2,23 )pg/ml; IQR of all patients, 0,96 (0,42-2,24) pg/ml; IQR of patients naive to sirolimus and 1,4 (0,71-1,97) pg/ml; IQR of patients treated with sirolimus. FEV1- decrease of all patients was 30,5 (-19,3-97,3) ml/ year; IQR. Patients without treatment showed a mean decrease of app. 24 (23,63) ml/ year in FEV1. Patients treated with sirolimus showed an increase of FEV1 of app. 96 (96,3) ml/ year. <b>Conclusion:</b> Elevated levels of VEGF in patients with LAM are associated with higher loss of FEV1. Treatment with sirolimus however stops FEV1-decrease and leads to improvement of FEV1 in LAM patients.
Predictors of Pathologic Progression on Biopsy Among Men on Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Value of the Pattern of Surveillance Biopsies
Authors: K. Clint Cary, Janet E. Cowan, Melissa Sanford, Katsuto Shinohara, Nannette Perez, June M. Chan, Maxwell V. Meng, Peter R. Carroll
Journal: European Urology (2013)
The Staging of Colorectal Cancer: 2004 and Beyond
Authors: C. C. Compton, F. L. Greene
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

Stage is the strongest predictor of survival for patients with colorectal cancer. Accurate staging also is critical for appropriate patient management and meaningful clinical research. Uniform staging criteria applied in a uniform manner are essential for accurate evaluation of therapies and outcomes. Historically, numerous different staging systems for colorectal cancer have been employed, but a single internationally recognized system is required to ensure a common language for cancer that is understood by clinicians in all specialties. For the tumor, node, metastasis system to remain relevant, it has to continuously undergo critical evaluation and change when clinically indicated.
Sweet's syndrome associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection: a report of five cases
Authors: None Choonhakarn, None Chetchotisakd, None Jirarattanapochai, None Mootsikapun
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Sweet's syndrome associated with non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection: a report of five cases Get access C. Choonhakarn, C. Choonhakarn Divisions of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Chetchotisakd, P. Chetchotisakd Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Jirarattanapochai, K. Jirarattanapochai Divisions of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Mootsikapun P. Mootsikapun Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 139, Issue 1, 1 July 1998, Pages 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02324.x Published: 01 July 1998
P54 Do the NICE new entrant TB screening guidelines under-diagnose cases of latent TB infection?
Authors: D. Thomas, M. Jarvis, A. Williams
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2006, 72% of active TB cases in the UK occurred in people born overseas (HPA 2008). 48% of new entrants with TB were diagnosed within 5 years of entering the UK and 19% within 2 years (HPA 2008). It is a priority therefore, to identify and appropriately treat those infected with latent TB infection through TB screening programmes (DH 2004). NICE (2006) TB new entrant screening guidelines allow certain groups of new entrants to be screened solely via chest x-ray (CXR), omitting a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). This potentially under-diagnoses latent TB Infection (LTBI). The aim of this study was to determine whether NICE (2006) criteria are adequate in detecting latent TB. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective case-note analysis of new entrants over a 44-month period (2006–2009). All patients were screened using a locally developed ‘Dorset’ algorithm that combined CXR and TST unless contraindicated (see Abstract P54 Figure 1). Each case was then re-evaluated using the NICE algorithm. This allowed direct comparison of each algorithm to detect LTBI. <h3>Results</h3> 547 new entrants were referred locally for TB screening (2006–2009). 397 attended. 41 (10.3%) patients (all HIV−ve) were diagnosed with LTBI, based on the following outcomes: Abnormal CXR and strongly positive TST=14 (34%). Normal CXR but strongly positive TST=18 (44%). Abnormal CXR but normal TST=9 (22%). Comparison of the two algorithms showed that while all 41 cases were detected using the Dorset algorithm, only 27 cases (65.8 %) were detected using the NICE algorithm. This represents a 34.1% shortfall in LTBI detection using NICE (95% CI 19.63% to 48.67%, 99% CI 15.04% to 53.26%). <h3>Discussion</h3> This study demonstrated that through the omission of TST, the NICE algorithm missed 14 (34.1%) cases of LTBI compared with the Dorset algorithm. While alternative screening methods such as IGRA are increasing in recognition, these continue to be an expensive option if not provided locally. Therefore TB services without routine access to IGRA can significantly improve their detection of latent TB by simply combining their existing screening tools.
Novel external sensor array for capsule endoscopy
Authors: G. Chen, M. Lee-Henderson, S. Mehdizadeh, O. Goltzer, J. Shen, J. Sul, R. Jutabha
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Capsule endoscopy (CE) requires placement of an eight-lead sensor array over the abdomen that receives image and localization data transmitted from the capsule. The current process of applying this array to the skin has several disadvantages: firstly, it is time-consuming; secondly, it can be cumbersome for the patient; and thirdly, it is often difficult to place the leads consistently. A new external sensor array system designed to improve this process was tested. It was hypothesized that the new method would be able to receive the transmitted data adequately during CE. The new method and device were tested on an in-patient who had two sets of sensor arrays, batteries, and data recorders placed on her simultaneously. One set was placed in the standard fashion, which served as the control, while the other set was placed using the novel external method. The data provided by the two recorders were compared and the patient's preferences were noted. The quality of the CE images provided by the two methods was identical, but the CE localization tracings were different, presumably due to movement of the gown and leads during the recording period. No signal interference was noted. The patient preferred the external device. A prepositioned external sensor array is capable of transmitting CE data without any loss in image quality, but the localization tracing differs due to movement of the external array. This new method will require testing with a larger sample size in an outpatient setting to allow full assessment of the clinical value of the new approach.
Concept of a Paediatric Emergency Ward for the Cities of a Developing Country
Authors: P. M. Leary
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Children's hospitals in developing countries carry an enormous patient load. Available facilities must be organized to provide essential care for all. At the Red Cross Children's Hospital in Cape Town this has been achieved by the development of an emergency ward attached to the outpatient department. It is suggested that this concept should be applied in large hospitals of other developing countries.
Blood Flow through Terminal Arterial Vessels after Denervation of the Bat Wing
Authors: MARY P. WIEDEMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Previous studies of microcirculation in the denervated wing of the unanesthetized bat showed that major arterial vessels increased markedly in diameter and lost their ability to contract spontaneously. Arteriolar vessels did not show such an increase in diameter, and furthermore their spontaneous contractile activity increased. These observations led to the idea that regulation of blood flow and blood pressure might be continued to some degree in the absence of central nervous control through enhanced activity of arteriolar vessels which just precede the capillary nets. Therefore a thorough study by direct microscopic observation of the behavior of arterial vessels in the following surgical and pharmacological denervation was made. The data support the hypothesis that loss of tone and loss of contractile activity in the large arterial vessels following denervation produce an increase of tone and activity in the smaller, more distally located vessels, thereby causing a redistribution of the site of regulation of flow through capillary nets. The largest arterial vessels showed and increase in average diameter of 38% after surgical denervation, while the terminal arterioles showed a decrease in average diameter of 24%. Neither phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) norpentolinium (Ansolysen) were as effective as surgical denervation in producing relaxation of the large arterial vessels. Neither drug inhibited spontaneous contractile activity of the terminal vessels.
Prophylaxis of Recurrent Lymphangitis Complicating Lymphedema
Authors: Richard R. Babb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Antibiotic prophylaxis was employed in 21 patients with secondary lymphedema complicated by recurrent episodes of acute lymphangitis. Eighteen were completely free of subsequent attacks; the three others showed a marked reduction in the frequency and severity of subsequent attacks. Follow-up time averaged 30 months.
Abstract 1632: Co-targeting mTOR and IGF-1R/IR results in synergistic activity against a broad array of tumor cell lines, independent of <i>KRAS</i> mutation status
Authors: Sharon Barr, Suzanne Russo, Elizabeth Buck, David Epstein, Mark Miglarese
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) are known to couple via IRS-1 to the PI3K signaling axis. Upon activation, these receptor tyrosine kinases stimulate PI3K, initiating a cascade of ser/thr kinases, including mTOR. mTOR is associated with two complexes: mTORC1, rapamycin sensitive, and mTORC2, which does not bind rapamycin. Since mTOR functions downstream of IGF-1R and IR, it is thought that tumor cells sensitive to IGF-1R inhibition would also respond to mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the effects of OSI-906, a selective small molecule dual kinase inhibitor of IGF-1R and IR and OSI-027, a selective catalytic-site inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2, alone and in combination in cell proliferation assays using a broad array of tumor cell lines. Across multiple tumor types, cells with activating KRAS mutations were typically less sensitive to OSI-027 than those expressing wild-type KRAS. In contrast, mutant KRAS did not reduce sensitivity to OSI-906. Cell lines with activating mutations in PIK3CA or loss of PTEN were sensitive to OSI-027 but the presence of a concurrent mutation in KRAS decreased their sensitivity to OSI-027. In KRAS mutant cells, OSI-906 was more effective than OSI-027 at reducing phospho-AKT levels. Conversely, in tumor cell lines with wild-type KRAS cells, OSI-027 more effectively reduced phospho-AKT levels compared to OSI-906. Similar effects were observed in a pair of isogenic cell lines engineered to express either wild-type or mutant KRAS. The observation that tumor cell lines exhibit differential sensitivity to inhibitors of IGF-1R/IR or mTORC1/mTORC2 supports the concept that IGF-1R and IR can activate multiple pathways and are not limited to signaling through the mTOR axis. Also, mTOR is a central signaling hub which integrates signaling from multiple inputs, not only the IGF-1R/IR cascade. The combination of OSI-906 and OSI-027 synergistically inhibited the proliferation of cancer cell lines, including those expressing mutant KRAS. In some cases, the combination also resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. These data provide support for further exploration of the potential utility of combining OSI-906 (dual IGF-1R/IR inhibitor) with OSI-027 (dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor) for the treatment of human cancers, including those with activating mutations in KRAS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1632.
Increased Central Nervous System Monoamine Neurotransmitter Turnover and Its Association With Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Treated Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Gavin W. Lambert, David M. Kaye, Jeffrey Lefkovits, Garry L. Jennings, Andrea G. Turner, Helen S. Cox, Murray D. Esler
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Congestive heart failure is a debilitating disease characterized by impaired cardiac function with accompanying activation of a variety of neural and hormonal counterregulatory systems. Abnormal activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and a predisposition to the generation of fatal ventricular arrhythmias are often associated with the development of the disease. Although the underlying cause of sudden death in these patients remains to be unequivocally elucidated, abnormally increased cardiac sympathetic nervous activity may be involved. Methods and Results Twenty-two patients with severe congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV with left ventricular ejection fraction of 18±1%) and 29 healthy male volunteers participated in this study. By combining direct sampling of internal jugular venous blood via a percutaneously placed catheter with a norepinephrine and epinephrine isotope dilution method for examining neuronal transmitter release, we were able to quantify the release of central nervous system monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitters and investigate their association with the increased efferent sympathetic ouflow that is variably present in treated patients with this condition. Mean cardiac norepinephrine spillover was 145% higher in treated heart failure patients than in healthy subjects ( P &lt;.05), with norepinephrine release from the heart in 6 of 22 patients being more than the highest control value. Raised internal jugular venous spillover of epinephrine (26±12 versus 2±4 pmol/min, P &lt;.05) and of norepinephrine and its metabolites (2740±480 versus 875±338 pmol/min, P &lt;.05), indicative of increased central nervous system turnover of both catecholamines, occurred in cardiac failure and was quantitatively linked to the degree of activation of the cardiac sympathetic nervous outflow, as was the jugular overflow of the principal serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Conclusions An association between the degree of activation of central monoaminergic neurons and the level of sympathetic nervous tone in the heart was identified in treated patients with heart failure. Epinephrine neurons in the brain may contribute to the sympathoexcitation that is seen in this condition, with the activation of sympathoexcitatory noradrenergic neurons, most likely those of the forebrain, playing an accessory role.
Renal Protective Effects and the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Shuji Morikawa, Takahito Sone, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Hiroaki Mukawa, Itsuro Morishima, Michitaka Uesugi, Yasuhiro Morita, Yasushi Numaguchi, Kenji Okumura, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Content of Haemopoietic Factors in Liver Extracts
Authors: R. H. Girdwood, K. M. Carmichael, B. Woole
Journal: BMJ (1950)

JOURNtreatment differs from post-sanatorium care, but both should be of interest to the regional hospital board and ,the local health authority.Without the inutual co-operation of these two bodies there is little hope of the development of efficient domiciliary care and treatment.In fact, there is urgent need for a complete revision of our tuberculosis administration and the creation of a special service which the peculiar characteristics of the disease demands.
Erythropoietin‐deficient anemia associated with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I
Authors: Rebecca Toonkel, Michael Levine, Lawrence Gardner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1), a relatively common disorder in some populations, is frequently associated with adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and other endocrine and skin abnormalities. We describe an 18‐year‐old male with APS1, as documented by genotyping, who presented with hypoparathyroidism and a normocytic, hypoproliferative, isolated anemia. An extensive hematological work‐up revealed a low serum erythropoietin, without any other hematological abnormalities. His renal function was normal, and he did not have many of the laboratory or clinical findings associated with an anemia of chronic disease. His anemia was responsive to superphysiologic doses of erythropoietin. We thus suggest that erythropoietin deficiency may be one of the endocrine abnormalities associated with APS1, and clinicians should be cognizant of the association of treatable anemia in patients with APS1. Am. J. Hematol. 75:84–88, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Becoming Psychiatrists: The Professional Transformation of Self
Authors: Elissa P. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<i>Becoming Psychiatrists</i>describes the metamorphosis of interns into first-year residents and psychiatrists and psychotherapists. The author had an unusual opportunity to participate in a psychiatric residency training program affiliated with a major eastern university. The program was in a period of transition. The past emphasis on traditional psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy was being modified as residents were encouraged to assume more responsibility in the local community. Thus, the focus of training had begun to shift from analytically oriented therapy to therapeutic techniques more appropriate for community psychiatry. The author addresses the structure of the training program, including what a psychiatrist learns and how one becomes a psychiatrist. Both of these areas are extremely important, since there is a process of socialization that occurs during residency training. The values and goals of the profession are either accepted and assimilated en masse by the new resident, modified in some form, or rejected in
Inflammation in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: A. Maseri, L. M Biasucci, G. Liuzzo
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Recent reports have suggested a link between blood concentrations of C reactive protein and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The ECAT study (European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study) followed 3000 people with chronic stable ischaemic heart disease for three years and found a significant correlation between concentrations of C reactive protein within the normal range and long term cardiovascular risk.1 Raised concentrations have also been shown to be strong prognostic indicators in patients with unstable angina,2 and in this week's BMJ Mendall et al report an association between C reactive protein concentrations and indirect evidence of ischaemic heart disease (p1061).3 What are the pathogenetic implications of this novel marker of acute and chronic manifestations of ischaemic heart disease and its relevance in clinical practice?

Mendall et al studied 303 men aged 50-69 years selected from general practice registers3 and found that the prevalence of indirect evidence of ischaemic heart disease and a history of claudication (together with age, smoking, chronic bronchitis, and most traditional cardiovascular risk factors) increased progressively as blood concentrations of C reactive protein rose. This correlation between C reactive protein and traditional risk factors for ischaemic heart disease may influence prognosis in the long term by favouring the development of atherosclerosis, but the prognostic value of C reactive protein might also result from an increased incidence and worse outcome of …
Margin of Error: The Ethics of Mistakes in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Helaina Laks Kravitz, Richard L. Kravitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 August 2001Margin of Error: The Ethics of Mistakes in the Practice of MedicineHelaina Laks Kravitz, MD and Richard L. Kravitz, MDHelaina Laks Kravitz, MDStudent Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis (Kravitz)Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. (Kravitz)Search for more papers by this author and Richard L. Kravitz, MDStudent Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis (Kravitz)Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. (Kravitz)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-3-200108070-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Rubin SB, Zoloth L, eds. 374 pages. Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group; 2000. $29.95. ISBN 1555720536. Order phone 800-654-8188.Field of medicine: Medical ethics and quality of care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical ethicists, physicians, professors, and students.Purpose: To bring together classic essays on the ethics of medical error and new essays by leaders in the field.Content: The book is divided into three parts: “The Conception and Perception of Error,” “Error in Medical Practice,” and “Error in Ethics Consultation.” The sections comprise 21 essays by authors with diverse backgrounds, including practicing physicians and professors of medicine, biomedical ethics, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Student Health Center, University of California, Davis, Davis (Kravitz)Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. (Kravitz) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 August 2001Volume 135, Issue 3Page: 228KeywordsBioethicsEmotionsForecastingHealth care qualityHealth services researchMedical educationMedical ethicsMedical sociologyPerceptionSoftware tools ePublished: 7 August 2001 Issue Published: 7 August 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...