tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinoma of bronchus presenting with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
Authors: S A Cairns, N P Mallick, W Lawler, G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Injury to the appendix after blunt abdominal trauma Traumatic rupture of the appendix as an isolated visceral injury is exceptionally rare and appears to be unrecorded in Great Britain.This paper reports such a case, speculates on the mechanism of injury, and adds an historical note. Case reportA healthy 36-year-old lorry driver sustained a low velocity crush injury as he was trapped between a stationary and a slow moving vehicle.The patient remained conscious throughout the incident and could subsequently describe a combination of compression and rotation forces applied to the lower thorax and upper abdomen.Examination in the casualty department showed tenderness of the abdomen and left loin.Bowel sounds were present and there were no signs of peritoneal irritation.Microscopic haematuria was detected on reagent strip testing.The only abnormalities seen on x-ray examination were fractures of the left transverse processes of the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae.In the absence of convincing evidence of visceral injury he was initially admitted for observation but when, after four hours, he complained of right shoulder tip pain he was submitted to laparotomy.The abdomen was opened through a right paramedian incision and a little free blood was immediately evident lying in the right paracolic gutter.The source of the bleeding was identified as a long, torn mesoappendix-the appendix itself having been completely severed at the junction of its proximal third and distal two-thirds.The severed portion was located near the hepatic flexure.No other visceral injury was found, although there was considerable retroperitoneal haematoma in the left perinephric region.The proximal portion of the appendix was excised and the stump invaginated to complete the appendicectomy.The patient made an uncomplicated recovery and was discharged on the sixth day.Histological examination of the appendix showed a small faecolith in the severed portion and mild but definite inflammatory changes confined to the mucosa of both portions.Despite the patient's freedom from symptoms before the accident, the features were those of an early (subclinical) acute appendicitis.
Anosacral cutaneous amyloidosis: a study of 10 Chinese cases
Authors: W‐J. Wang, C‐Y. Huang, Y‐T. Chang, C‐K. Wong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Primary cutaneous amyloidoses are rare in Western countries, but are relatively common in Taiwan. Anosacral cutaneous amyloidosis is a rare type of primary cutaneous amyloidoses, first reported in Japanese patients.In the present study, we investigated the age of onset, sites of involvement, associated systemic diseases, and histopathological findings in 10 cases of anosacral cutaneous amyloidosis seen during the past 27 years.In previous reports the aetiology of anosacral cutaneous amyloidosis was thought to be a senile change, but half of our patients developed the disease before the age of 60 years. Based on our histopathological findings, apoptosis may be the initial event causing amyloid deposition, although the precise mechanism causing apoptosis needs further investigation. Three patients were found to have diabetes mellitus, but any relationship to anosacral cutaneous amyloidosis is unclear.No cases of this cutaneous disorder have been reported in the Western literature; there seems to be a racial difference accounting for the disease, although the precise factor is not clarified yet. The disease could easily be misdiagnosed as lichen simplex chronicus, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or tinea cruris; therefore, a thorough history, a careful physical examination and a skin biopsy is needed to establish a firm diagnosis.
Donor T-cell production of RANTES significantly contributes to the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Krystyna M. Olkiewicz, Sung Choi, Leigh A. Corrion, Shawn G. Clouthier, Chen Liu, Jonathan S. Serody, Kenneth R. Cooke
Journal: Blood (2004)
Beyond Restenosis
Authors: Donald E. Cutlip, Amit G. Chhabra, Donald S. Baim, Manish S. Chauhan, Sachin Marulkar, Joseph Massaro, Ameet Bakhai, David J. Cohen, Richard E. Kuntz, Kalon K.L. Ho
Journal: Circulation (2004)

In the first year after coronary stent implantation, clinical failures are driven mainly by procedural complications and restenosis, but the subsequent relative contributions of restenosis and disease progression to late failures are less clear.We observed 1228 patients for 5 years after the implantation of stents as part of pivotal second-generation coronary stent trials. Clinical events of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and repeat hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome or congestive heart failure were attributed to the index stented (target) lesion or other distinct sites (either in the target or other coronary vessels) and further classified as procedural, restenosis, or nonrestenosis. During the first year the hazard rate was 18.3% for target-lesion events and 12.4% for events unrelated to the target lesion. After the first year the average annual hazard rate was 1.7% for target-lesion events and 6.3% for nontarget-lesion events. By the fifth year, restenosis events occurred in 20.3% of patients, whereas 30-day procedural complications or later nonrestenosis events occurred in 37.9%, including 11.4% who also experienced a restenosis event, for a combined cumulative event rate of 46.4%. Diabetes mellitus and multivessel disease were independently associated with increased risk for both restenosis and nonrestenosis events.In a low-risk clinical trial population, the clinical outcome beyond 1 year after stenting is determined by a high rate of events related to disease progression in segments other than the stented lesion, which itself remains relatively stable.
Noninvasive assessment of regional coronary flow reserve BY dipyridamole echocardiography: Correlation with 13N-ammonia and positron emission tomography
Authors: Eugenio Picano, Oberdan Parodi, Fabio Lattanzi, Claudio Marcassa, Gianmario Sambuceti, Riccardo C. Bellina, Piero Salvadori, Paolo Camici, Antonio L'Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Mammographic density and breast cancer risk in germline <i>BRCA</i>1/2 mutation-carriers
Authors: G. Mitchell, R. Warren, R. Davies, J. Brown, P. Susan, I. Warsi, D. Easton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9677 Background: Mammographic density (MD) is a known risk factor for breast cancer and demonstrates heritability. Germline BRCA1/2 mutation-carriers are at markedly increased lifetime risk for breast cancer, but providing a personalized risk estimate for breast cancer is problematic. We investigated MD of BRCA1/2 mutation-carriers to determine (1) if it can predict for BRCA1/2 mutation status and (2) if it is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Methods: Mammograms were collected from a cross section of germline BRCA1/2 mutation-carriers both affected (Pos Aff) and unaffected (Pos Unaff) by breast cancer and from women negative for a known familial BRCA1/2 mutation (Negs). MD was scored using the Wolfe and Boyd six category classification (SCC) systems and a computer-assisted thresholding algorithm. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of MD on the presence of a BRCA1/2 mutation or breast cancer risk were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, using the least dense categories as reference categories for each classification system. ORs were compared using the X2 test for trend with increasing density. Results: In the pilot phase, MD was scored for 34 Pos Aff, 21 Pos Unaff, 33 Negs. For both Wolfe and Boyd SCC systems, a statistically significant difference in density between the Pos Aff and Pos Unaff groups was observed (P=0.034 and 0.043 respectively) with a trend to increased density in the Pos Aff group. No difference in density was observed between mutation-carriers and non-carriers. Mammograms from a further 74 Pos Aff, 117 Pos Unaff and 129 Negs have been located, digitised and scored using all the classification systems and the final analysis will be complete by ASCO 2005. Conclusions: In the pilot phase MD is greater in BRCA1/2 mutation-carriers affected by breast cancer and merits further investigation to investigate potential clinical applications for personalising breast cancer risk estimates and selection of appropriate risk management strategies. MD does not appear to be predictive for BRCA1/2 mutation status suggesting that the reported heritability of mammographic density is associated with genes other than BRCA1/2. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Benign hyperfiltration after living kidney donation
Authors: Roland C. Blantz, Robert W. Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Almost one-third of transplanted kidneys come from living donors, who sacrifice approximately 30% of their pre-donation glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after they experience compensatory hypertrophy and hyperfiltration in their remaining kidney. Although hyperfiltration can cause glomerular injury, many studies have suggested that donor nephrectomy itself does not cause long-term loss of GFR at a higher rate than what is seen in the normal aging population. However, when post-donation kidney diseases occur in an unfortunate few, recent studies suggest that GFR loss at donor nephrectomy increases the risk of eventual end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this issue of the JCI, Lenihan and colleagues evaluated glomerular dynamics in a cohort of kidney donors prior to, within 1 year of, and several years after kidney donation. Their results suggest that adaptive hyperfiltration in the remaining kidney occurs without glomerular hypertension, furthering our understanding of the relatively benign renal outcomes for most living kidney donors.
FURTHER INVESTIGATION UPON THE INFLUENCE OF ORGAN EXTRACTS OF COLD-BLOODED ANIMALS ON THE BLOOD PRESSURES
Authors: Don R. Joseph
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

1. None of the extracts examined are very potent in small doses. A noticeable effect, however, is produced upon the blood pressure by the extract of fifteen milligrams of shark testis. 2. A small dose of a five per cent. shark testis extract seems to show more pressor action than a larger dose of the same solution. 3. The fall of blood-pressure is due to a vaso-dilation. 4. After repeated (seven or eight) injections of almost any extract, an injection of more of the same extract, or of another extract, which would be rather potent as a "first" injection, causes very little if any response from the blood-pressure. 5. Continued boiling of an extract destroys the pressor substance. 6. The depressor action is then very pronounced and especially prolonged. 7. The depressor substance will dialyze. 8. The pressor and depressor substances cannot be separated by dialysis, because in the repeated sterilizations the pressor substance disappears. 9. The pressor and depressor substances cannot be separated by absolute alcohol, as each seems to be soluble. The solubility is not, however, very great, at least in the cold. 10. It seems impossible to separate the pressor and depressor substances by means of a difference in solubility in cold physiological salt solution, since the depressor substance is even more soluble in that solution than the pressor. And yet the depressor substance is not nearly all removed by this means, even though it is allowed to stand for some time. 11. After cutting the vagi, the recovery from the effect of the depressor substance is much more rapid than with the vagi intact. The amount of fall of blood-pressure is about equal in either case. 12. Extracts of the testis and pancreas of shark; of the testis and spleen of swordfish; and the spiral valve of dogfish show the presence of a pressor substance. 13. Extracts of the testis, spleen, pancreas and liver of shark; of the testis, liver, spleen and kidney of swordfish, and the spiral valve of dogfish show the presence of a depressor substance. 14. Extracts of shark ovary gave no result. I believe, however, that if sufficient of the parenchymatous tissue of the ovary had been obtained a result would have been given by this organ also.
Venous Thromboembolism and Other Venous Disease in the Tecumseh Community Health Study
Authors: WILLIAM W. COON, PARK W. WILLIS, JACOB B. KELLER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The prevalence and incidence of venous thromboembolism and other venous disease has been determined as part of a longitudinal study of health and disease in a Michigan community. When these data are extrapolated to 1970 U.S. census figures, a rough estimate of annual incidence of clinically recognized deep venous thrombosis is over 250,000 cases while that of superficial thrombophlebitis is over 123,000. An estimated 24 million US citizens have "significant" varicose veins while 6 to 7 million have stasis changes in the skin of the legs and 400,000 to 500,000 have or have had a varicose ulcer. The relatively high frequency of these conditions in the adult population of Tecumseh, Michigan, indicates that they represent several of the more common medical problems encountered by the practicing physician.
Clonal T-cell populations are frequent in the skin and blood of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: A. Kreuter, S. Höxtermann, C. Tigges, S.A. Hahn, P. Altmeyer, T. Gambichler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Pilot studies were suggestive for a role of clonal T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc).To investigate the presence of clonal T cells in both peripheral blood and skin of a large collection of patients with SSc.Polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution capillary electrophoresis for detecting T-cell clonality were performed in a series of 126 patients with SSc.Seventy-seven (61%) of 126 patients had clonal T cells in their peripheral blood. In contrast, a clonal T-cell population was present in only four of 29 (14%) age-matched healthy controls (P = 0.03). Older patients were more likely to have clonal T cells than younger patients with SSc (P < 0.0001). Clonal T cells were more commonly detected in the blood of patients with limited cutaneous SSc (48 of 65 patients, 74%) than in those with diffuse cutaneous disease (29 of 61, 48%; P = 0.0002). Lesional skin specimens from 20 of 44 patients (45%) had detectable clonal T-cell populations. There was no correlation between the presence of circulating clonal T cells and lesional clonal T cells, sex, disease duration, extent of skin sclerosis, digital ulcers, organ involvement (e.g. interstitial lung disease, kidney disease, oesophagus involvement), treatment of SSc, or autoantibody profile.Many patients with SSc have expanded clonal T cells in their peripheral blood and skin. These clonal T cells could play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SSc, especially in limited cutaneous disease.
Antiretroviral Program Associated with Reduction in Untreated Prevalent Tuberculosis in a South African Township
Authors: Keren Middelkoop, Linda-Gail Bekker, Landon Myer, Andrew Whitelaw, Alison Grant, Gilla Kaplan, James McIntyre, Robin Wood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

In 2005, we reported high prevalence of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a South African community. Prevalent untreated TB is the main source of transmission. In settings with large burdens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may contribute to TB control.To assess the community-level impact of HAART on TB prevalence, we repeated a community-based TB prevalence cross-sectional survey in 2008 following HAART roll-out.A random 10% adult population sample was identified from the community. Participants provided two sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli microscopy and TB culture. Oral transudate specimen was collected for anonymous HIV testing, linked to TB diagnosis. An interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire identified TB and HIV history and risk factors.In the 2008 survey, 1,250 adults participated (90% response rate); 306 (25%) tested HIV positive, of which 60 (20%) were receiving HAART. A total of 20 TB cases were identified (12 receiving TB treatment), representing a significant decline in prevalence from 3.2 to 1.6% (P = 0.02) between the surveys. TB prevalence in participants not infected with HIV was unchanged (P = 0.90). The decline occurred among participants not infected with HIV, decreasing from 9.2 to 3.6% in 2005 to 2008, respectively (P = 0.003). In participants infected with HIV, prevalence of treated TB declined from 4 to 2.3% (P = 0.06), and untreated TB prevalence from 5.2 to 1.3% (P = 0.02). The proportion of untreated TB in patients receiving HAART decreased significantly, from 22 to 0% (P < 0.001).Prevalence of undiagnosed TB declined significantly over a period of increasing HAART availability. The decline was predominantly in individuals infected with HIV receiving HAART.
Malignant Ameloblastoma With Thoracic Vertebral Metastasis: PET/CT and MR Imaging
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Ameloblastoma is an uncommon low-grade tumor of odontogenic origin involving predominantly the mandible. This neoplasm has a high propensity for local recurrence with incomplete resection. It may exhibit an aggressive behavior with potential dissemination to the lung, locoregional lymph nodes, and spine. The author presents a case of malignant ameloblastoma with solitary lower thoracic vertebral metastasis. F-18 FDG PET was helpful in the early detection of asymptomatic thoracic spine dissemination, which was not conspicuous on computed tomography examination.
Saudi Arabia reveals 113 previously undisclosed cases of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Saudi Arabia has revised its figures sharply upwards for cases of the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in spring 2014, showing that the epidemic has been larger and deadlier than previously believed.

A Saudi review of the illness’s progress throughout March and April found 113 previously undisclosed cases, bringing the country’s total since 2012 to 688 cases. Of these, 92 have ended in death—a far higher proportion than among previously reported cases from the same period. As a result the global number of reported MERS cases to date has risen by 20%, and the number of reported deaths has jumped by 48%.

Within Saudi Arabia the fatality rate among MERS cases rose from 32% …
A tunable silk–alginate hydrogel scaffold for stem cell culture and transplantation
Authors: Keren Ziv, Harald Nuhn, Yael Ben-Haim, Laura S. Sasportas, Paul J. Kempen, Thomas P. Niedringhaus, Michael Hrynyk, Robert Sinclair, Annelise E. Barron, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Clash of Symbols—The AMA Stone in the Washington Monument: Hippocratectomy or Hippocratoplasty?
Authors: Charles C. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The defacement and deterioration of the commemorative stone in the Washington Monument<sup>1</sup>are, in my opinion, symbolic of the desecration of the medical profession in the United States. There is no longer freedom for the practice of professional medicine in this country. The numbers of excellent physicians leaving the field of medicine and the reluctance of persons entering are testimony to this. The erosion and desecration of the stone truly represent the state of current-day medical practice. It is a tragedy to see a splendid piece of artwork destroyed. It is even sadder to observe the art of medicine, a once noble profession, degraded to a business. The deterioration of this commemorative stone correctly reflects the true picture of medicine in America today. If Hippocrates were to practice medicine today, he would, no doubt, refuse or take a quantity of hemlock. He would be aghast
Effect of calcium supplementation on mucosal cell proliferation in high risk patients for colon cancer.
Authors: R C Gregoire, H S Stern, K S Yeung, J Stadler, S Langley, R Furrer, W R Bruce
Journal: Gut (1989)

Recent findings suggest that supplemental calcium could lower the abnormally high proliferation rate found in the colonic mucosa of subjects at high risk for colon cancer. In this double blind controlled study, this effect in volunteers previously operated upon for a colorectal adenocarcinoma was tested. Thirty subjects were randomised to receive either elemental calcium 1200 mg/day or a placebo. Mucosal proliferation was measured with tritiated thymidine labelling before and after the 30 day intervention period. Diets, faecal pH and the concentration of calcium and bile acids in the aqueous phase of feaces were also measured. Labelling index did not differ significantly in the two groups before intervention (placebo 4.0(2.4) v calcium 4.9(2.9), but the difference approached significance afterwards (4.4(2.4) v 6.5(3.4), p = 0.06). Individual changes occurring with intervention were tabulated and comparison of the means for the groups was not significant (delta = 0.3 vs delta = 1.8, p = 0.11). Calcium concentration, faecal pH and deoxycholic acid concentration increased in the calcium group (p = 0.02, 0.005 and 0.004 respectively). Calcium does not show any effect in decreasing colonic mucosal proliferation in this high risk group for colon cancer; it may increase faecal pH and the production of deoxycholic acid in the colon.
War as an Aetiological Factor in Psychiatric Conditions
Authors: W. S. Maclay, E. Guttmann
Journal: BMJ (1940)

It will be seen that the staphylococcus failed to develop in the control sample.It is also of interest to notice that the sulphanilamide was relatively effective against B. siMbtilis, presumably preventing the development of spores as well as inhibiting the multiplication of vegetative forms.Experiment 3 To three bottles of oxalated horse blood collected without any aseptic precautions was added sulphanilamide to give concentrations of 1 :1,250, 1:2,500, 1 :5,000.A fourth contained no sulphanilamide.The bottles were plated immediately after the addition of the sulphanil- amide, were stored in the refrigerator, and plated at intervals.The results are given in Table III.
Patient adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Elias J. Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Lina Eliasson, A. Megan Cornelison, David Marin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Dramatically improved survival associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has transformed the disease model for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to one of long-term management, but treatment success is challenged with poor medication adherence. Many risk factors associated with poor adherence can be ameliorated by close monitoring, dose modification, and supportive care. Controlling risk factors for poor adherence in combination with patient education that includes direct communication between the health care team and the patient are essential components for maximizing the benefits of TKI therapy.