tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: response to corticosteroid treatment and its effect on survival
Authors: M Turner-Warwick, B Burrows, A Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1980)

We have studied retrospectively 220 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) who were first seen between 1955-73 and had been followed up for at least four years until 1977. Seventy-seven patients had received no treatment and 143 had received corticosteroids. The only clinical difference between the groups was the age at presentation (untreated mean age 61 years±11 SD; treated mean age 56 years±11 SD p &lt;0·001). The influence of corticosteroid treatment has been assessed both in terms of the clinical, radiographic, and physiological response after four to eight weeks and in terms of survival, using a log rank method of analysis. Of 143 treated cases 127 had detailed follow-up information. Seventy-two (57%) had substantial subjective improvement of breathlessness but only 22 (17%) of the total showed additional objective improvement. The only factors significantly distinguishing the 72 subjective responders from the 55 non-responders, and which therefore might be used as predictors of response, were a younger age at presentation (p &lt;0·001) and less dyspnoea (p &lt;0·02). Analysis of survival data demonstrated that treated patients who showed an early good response to steroids had a markedly better survival than non-responders (p &lt;0·001). The survival curve for the untreated group lay between the two steroid groups. Analysis of the survival data suggests that steroid responsiveness relates particularly to a subgroup with an inherently better prognosis, which is characterised by a younger age and probably by a cellular histology not however necessarily typical of desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Nevertheless treatment appears to have an additional influence on survival especially in early disease, which is not observed in the untreated cases. A large number of factors are not related either to steroid responsiveness or to survival and these include the presence of associated "connective tissue" diseases, autoantibodies, and the duration of dyspnoea at presentation. It is concluded that biopsy information is valuable in assessment of potential to respond to steroids and that if steroid treatment is to be helpful it must be used at an early stage. The response is very variable and titration of the steroid dose against an individual patient9s response is likely to give better results than adherence to arbitrary dose schedules.
Plain language summaries in the<i>British Journal of Dermatology</i>: connecting with patients
Authors: A. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

This issue of the British Journal of Dermatology includes a new initiative: plain language summaries of papers (Appendix 1). Initially, these will be limited to the English language and a selection of original articles. Depending on how this initiative is received, we may then extend the scheme to include all of the original research that we publish. What has prompted this? The answer is the rapidly changing way in which our patients now access and assimilate healthcare information. Dermatologists throughout the world are familiar with the scenario of a patient attending clinic clutching a magazine or newspaper article, or, more commonly, a printout from a website. They have read something that has caught their attention, being, they believe, of relevance to their skin condition. We have all read these articles; often poorly written and sometimes misleading, they are usually a time‐consuming distraction. However, on this occasion, the patient hands you a paper and you start to read it (it would be churlish to refuse). To your surprise, it is clearly written, and describes their skin condition concisely and accurately. Even more surprising, it explains treatment information about which you have just a tenuous grasp. The day has dawned when the patient has accessed high‐quality, up‐to‐date information that is just beyond your knowledge.
The “Hageman” connection: Interrelationships of blood coagulation, fibrino(geno)lysis, kinin generation, and complement activation
Authors: Genesio Murano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

The activation pathways for the generation of enzymes involved in blood clotting, clot lysis, complement activation, and kinin generation are briefly reviewed. The interrelationship of the four systems is illustrated by the multiple functions of four key enzymes: Factor XIIa, kallikrein, plasmin, and C1 esterase. The pivotal role of Factor XIIa in establishing this connection is elucidated.
Cardiovascular disease threatens developing countries
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cardiovascular disease is a far greater public health problem in developing countries than previously realised, particularly in younger people, says a report published this week.

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Tobacco consumption has to be tackled to reduce heart disease in developing countries 

Credit: P VIROT/WHO

The report combined population estimates for five lower to middle income countries—Brazil, South Africa, the Russian republic of Tatarstan, India, and China—with current death rates and workforce data to calculate the effects of cardiovascular disease on society and …

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RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOMA OF LARYNX
Authors: FRANK E. SIMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Hemangioma of the larynx of the type reported in this paper is a rare disease. In 1919, New and Clark<sup>1</sup>stated that in a series of 217 laryngeal neoplasms observed at the Mayo Clinic there were only three hemangiomas. In 1921, Irwin Moore<sup>2</sup>of London collected from the literature reports of sixty-five hemangiomas and eight lymphangiomas of the larynx. In the cases reported, the youngest patient so far observed was 10 weeks old, the oldest 62 years. Of forty-seven cases referred to by New and Clark, twenty-two were males, ten were females and in fifteen the sex was not stated. <h3>PATHOLOGY</h3> There is some difference of opinion as to just what constitutes an hemangioma. True angiomas are tumors in which a neoplastic process affects the walls of the vessels and usually also the supporting connective tissues.<sup>3</sup> Usually congenital, an angioma may appear at any time of life
TCT-155 The Interaction Between Clopidogrel and Calcium Channel Blockers on Platelet Reactivity and Long-Term Events after PCI
Authors: Giora Weisz, Ajay J. Kirtane, Ke Xu, Thomas Stuckey, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Michael Rinaldi, Franz-Josef Neumann, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Bruce R. Brodie, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CPR: Resuscitation of the Arrested Heart
Authors: Sheldon L. Brownstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 June 1999CPR: Resuscitation of the Arrested HeartSheldon L. Brownstein, MDSheldon L. Brownstein, MDMedical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio. (Brownstein)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Weil MH, Tang W; eds. 336 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. $55.00. ISBN 0721648177. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Cardiology, critical care, and internal medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Internists, critical care specialists, cardiologists, nurses, and emergency medical technicians.Purpose: To provide an overview of the clinical presentation, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment, and management of persons in cardiac arrest.Content: The first of 21 chapters deals with the history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the next several chapters cover the causes of sudden cardiac death, mechanical and pharmacologic interventions, and basic management of acute myocardial infarction. Subsequent chapters discuss ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio. (Brownstein) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 12Page: 1032KeywordsAlgorithmsCardiopulmonary resuscitationComputer softwareCritical careEmergency medical techniciansForecastingHeartMuscular dystrophiesResuscitationSudden cardiac death Issue Published: 15 June 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
An ECG that changed in a febrile patient
Authors: T. J. Ford, G. Cranney, A. Li
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 50 year old man with a history of injecting drug misuse was admitted as an emergency with a reduced level of consciousness and left arm weakness after five days of swinging fever, rigors, and headache. His medical history included hepatitis C infection, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and a recent hospital admission with discitis and psoas abscess. His temperature was 38.4°C, but he was haemodynamically stable and alert. He had a soft early diastolic decrescendo murmur along the left sternal border. Splinter haemorrhages were present, along with a small digital infarct of the left third toe and mild upper motor neurone pattern weakness in the left arm. Laboratory investigations confirmed a normocytic anaemia and leucocytosis and blood cultures grew meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Computed tomography of the brain showed a hypodense area in the left frontoparietal area consistent with infarction.

Although the admission electrocardiogram (ECG) was normal, ECG changes developed early in the admission (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Lead II rhythm strip on a 12 lead electrocardiogram





### 1 What is the unifying diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Infective endocarditis with an aortic root abscess.

#### Long answer

Infective endocarditis with an aortic root abscess. The two most important local complications of this condition are spread of infection, which may cause perivalvular abscess and cardiac failure through valvular insufficiency. Local spread of infection has a predilection for the weakest portion of the aortic valve annulus near the membranous septum and atrioventricular node (fig 2⇓). This …
Abstract 3933: To image or not to image by bioluminescence? A question of validation for live animal imaging.
Authors: Yong Zhang, Suni Tang, Jinhui Zhang, Cheng Jiang, Junxuan Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is an optical approach that enables rapid, non-invasive and real-time analysis of various cellular and molecular events in live animals. For over a decade, BLI has been widely used to monitor tumor take, growth, metastasis and treatment efficacy in preclinical cancer research. The technique is based on the light-emitting enzyme luciferase expressed in the live cells as internal light sources that can go through the tissue and be detected externally as the biological readout. Numerous studies have reported BLI applications for internal organ cancers and metastases, however few, in our opinion, underwent careful and rigorous validation to assess reliability and establish best-practice protocols. Our recent applications of BLI to detect xenograft tumors of human cancers and metastases highlight many practical challenges. In a subcutaneous model with LNCaP-AR-luc prostate cancer cells, we observed a linear regression R2 = 0.062 (n = 32; p = 0.056) for BLI readout (15 minute post i.p. D-luciferin for all mice imaged) vs. tumor weight at necropsy. In addition, subcutaneous xenograft tumors inoculated on two flanks within the same mice could vary as much as 10-fold in BLI per gram. In an intraprostatically-inoculated human PC-3-luc prostate cancer model, we observed a linear regression R2 = 0.080 (n = 16; p = 0.229) for BLI readout vs. tumor weight at necropsy. In a subcutaneous model of MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer cells, correlation between tumor volume and BLI was less linear than that between tumor weight and tumor volume. Preliminary histology examination suggested that extent of central necrosis could not completely account for the poor correlation between tumor weight (all smaller than 1 g) and BLI. Examination of BLI readout kinetics showed considerable individual variability of peak intensity time, confirming findings of others (e.g., Keyaerts et. al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008; 35:999 -1007; Sim et. al, Cancer Res 2011;71:686 - 692). We are currently examining differences in cellular expression of luciferase and tumor vascularity as potential contributors to the discordance between BLI readout and tumor weight. In summary, positive BLI readout can be a reliable predictor of the presence of tumor, but careful validation is required to improve its predictive power of tumor burden for specific BLI applications. Grant supports: R21AT005383; R01AT007395. Citation Format: Yong Zhang, Suni Tang, Jinhui Zhang, Cheng Jiang, Junxuan Lu. To image or not to image by bioluminescence? A question of validation for live animal imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3933. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3933
Interleukin-(IL)-13 mediates biphasic airways hyperreactivity through the IL-4 receptor-alpha chain and STAT-6 independently of IL-5 and eotaxin
Authors: Ming Yang, Simon P Hogan, Peter Henry, Klaus I Matthaei, Andrew NJ McKenzie, Ian G Young, ME Rothenberg, Paul S Foster
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Changing Patterns of Asthma Mortality
Authors: Kevin B. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Studies have suggested increases in hospitalization for asthma and in asthma mortality during the early 1980s. Using US Vital Records, we examined asthma mortality from 1968 through 1987 to describe the rates of change among children and young adults (aged 5 to 34 years) with time and in small geographic areas. During the 1970s, US asthma mortality declined by 7.8% per annum ( ± 1.0%), declining faster among women and nonwhites. During the 1980s, mortality increased by 6.2% per annum ( ± 1.2%), increasing faster among those aged 5 to 14 years than among those aged 15 to 34 years. Small-area geographic analysis revealed four areas with persistently high asthma mortality. Neither changes in<i>International Classification</i>of Diseases coding nor improved recognition of asthma, as demonstrated by trends in autopsy rates or rates of in-hospital deaths, seems to explain the increasing mortality of the 1980s. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1683-1687)
Effects of L-arginine on impaired acetylcholine-induced and ischemic vasodilation of the forearm in patients with heart failure.
Authors: Y Hirooka, T Imaizumi, T Tagawa, M Shiramoto, T Endo, S Ando, A Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and ischemic vasodilation during reactive hyperemia are attenuated in the forearm of patients with heart failure (HF). It has been shown that L-arginine augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy subjects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine if L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent and ischemic vasodilation in the forearm in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Forearm blood flow was measured by a strain-gauge plethysmograph in 20 patients with HF and in 24 age-matched control subjects (C). Resting forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was significantly higher in HF than in C (37 +/- 4 versus 22 +/- 2 U, P &lt; .01). Intra-arterial infusions of ACh or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at graded doses progressively decreased FVR in HF as well as in C. The magnitude of ACh-induced vasodilation was attenuated in HF (P &lt; .01), whereas SNP-induced vasodilation was similar between the two groups. The minimal FVR during reactive hyperemia after 10 minutes of arterial occlusion was significantly higher in HF (n = 12) than in C (n = 12) (3.2 +/- 0.4 versus 2.1 +/- 0.1 U, P &lt; .05). L-Arginine significantly augmented maximal vasodilation evoked with ACh and decreased minimal FVR during reactive hyperemia in HF (P &lt; .01) but not in C. L-Arginine did not affect SNP-induced vasodilation in HF or C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that defective endothelial function may contribute to impaired ischemic vasodilator capacity in HF.
Inferring Selection in Partially Sequenced Regions
Authors: Jeffrey D. Jensen, Kevin R. Thornton, Charles F. Aquadro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

A common approach for identifying loci influenced by positive selection involves scanning large portions of the genome for regions that are inconsistent with the neutral equilibrium model or represent outliers relative to the empirical distribution of some aspect of the data. Once identified, partial sequence is generated spanning this more localized region in order to quantify the site-frequency spectrum and evaluate the data with tests of neutrality and selection. This method is widely used as partial sequencing is less expensive with regard to both time and money. Here, we demonstrate that this approach can lead to biased maximum likelihood estimates of selection parameters and reduced rejection rates, with some parameter combinations resulting in clearly misleading results. Most significantly, for a commonly used sample size in Drosophila population genetics (i.e., n = 12), the estimate of the target of selection has a large mean square error and the strength of selection is severely under estimated when the true selected site has not been sampled. We propose sequencing approaches that are much more likely to accurately localize the target and estimate the strength of selection. Additionally, we examine the performance of a commonly used test of selection under a variety of recurrent and single sweep models.
EAACI/GA<sup>2</sup>LEN Position paper: Present status of the atopy patch test*
Authors: K. Turjanmaa, U. Darsow, B. Niggemann, F. Rancé, T. Vanto, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2006)

A number of scientific reports have been published on patch tests with protein allergens performed on patients with atopic eczema (AE). Evaluation of eczematous skin lesions with an atopy patch test (APT) can be used as a diagnostic tool in characterizing patients with aeroallergen- and food-triggered AE. Indications for testing with APT, choice of allergens (aeroallergens and foods), test materials and technique, including present knowledge on sensitivity and specificity, are reviewed on the basis of available literature. This position paper also points out the need for future research on the clinical use of the APT.
Greater auricular nerve in diagnosis of leprosy.
Authors: P Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1978)

long enough for the general practitioner to have referred them to hospital and for them to have been seen in the clinic.As most improvements occurred in patients with a short history of symptoms hospital patients would probably not show such a high rate of improvement.The results suggest that most sufferers from back pain obtain relief without any specific treatment, and that mobilisation and manipulation may hasten this improvement but make no difference to the long-term prognosis.Moreover, although at the time more patients found the active treatment helpful, in retrospect they failed to distinguish active from placebo physiotherapy.For some patients with back pain prolonged or recurrent courses of mobilisation and manipulation would perhaps provide long-term relief, but an appropriate trial is needed.We were unable to identify any factor other than a short history that might indicate a good prognosis.This is disappointing, as prognostic markers would be helpful not only in managing the individual patient but also in leading to a better understanding of the problem.
Sampling methods I
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A randomised controlled trial investigated the efficacy and safety of scorpion antivenom combined with prazosin in the treatment of venomous scorpion sting. Control treatment was prazosin alone, a commonly used vasodilator.1

Patients were included in the trial if they had grade 2 scorpion envenomation, were older than six months, and had no cardiorespiratory or central nervous system abnormalities. In total, the trial recruited 70 consecutive admissions to a single hospital in India between March 2009 and February 2010. The administration of scorpion antivenom combined with prazosin significantly hastened the recovery from …
Does Mild, Asymptomatic Hyperparathyroidism Require Surgery?
Authors: Fredric L. Coe, Murray J. Favus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Mild, asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism now poses the problem of therapy that mild hypertension once did — we do not know which is more dangerous, parathyroidectomy or the untreated disease itself, when serum calcium is less than 11 mg per deciliter, and nephrolithiasis, osteitis fibrosa, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, and azotemia are absent. Purnell and his colleagues1 left 141 such patients untreated for five years. Twenty-seven were lost to follow-up, and six died of unrelated illnesses, but of the 108 left for analysis, 87 remained well. Parathyroidectomy was required because of declining renal function in five, hypercalcemia above 11 mg per deciliter . . .
Evaluation of noncytotoxic DNMT1-depleting therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Yogen Saunthararajah, Mikkael Sekeres, Anjali Advani, Reda Mahfouz, Lisa Durkin, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Ricki Englehaupt, Joy Juersivich, Kathleen Cooper, Holleh Husseinzadeh, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Matthew Rump, Sean Hobson, Marc Earl, Ronald Sobecks, Robert Dean, Frederic Reu, Ramon Tiu, Betty Hamilton, Edward Copelan, Alan Lichtin, Eric Hsi, Matt Kalaycio, Jaroslaw Maciejewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Mutational inactivation in cancer of key apoptotic pathway components, such as TP53/p53, undermines cytotoxic therapies that aim to increase apoptosis. Accordingly, TP53 mutations are reproducibly associated with poor treatment outcomes. Moreover, cytotoxic treatments destroy normal stem cells with intact p53 systems, a problem especially for myeloid neoplasms, as these cells reverse the low blood counts that cause morbidity and death. Preclinical studies suggest that noncytotoxic concentrations of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor decitabine produce p53-independent cell-cycle exits by reversing aberrant epigenetic repression of proliferation-terminating (MYC-antagonizing) differentiation genes in cancer cells.
Mechanism of disintegrant action of polacrilin potassium: Swelling or wicking?
Authors: Mrudula Hemant Bele, Diliprao Vishramji Derle
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

The effect of particle size, pH of medium, and presence of lubricant on the swelling behaviour, water uptake properties and disintegrant performance of polacrilin potassium was examined. Particle size did not affect the bulk swelling of disintegrant particles when measured as settling volume, but increased the water uptake and decreased the disintegration time of tablets containing this disintegrant. An increase in the pH of the medium from acidic to neutral increased the bulk swelling of the particles, whereas it decreased water uptake and disintegrant performance. Addition of lubricant had no effect on settling volume, but decreased the water uptake rate and the disintegrant performance significantly. It is concluded that wicking, i.e. capillary action, rather than swelling, is the major factor that contributes to the disintegration behaviour of polacrilin potassium.