tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct Assessment of Cumulative Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist Activity in Sera from Experimentally Exposed Mice and Environmentally Exposed Humans
Authors: Jennifer J. Schlezinger, Pamela L. Bernard, Amelia Haas, Philippe Grandjean, Pal Weihe, David H. Sherr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands adversely affect many biological processes. However, assessment of the significance of human exposures is hampered by an incomplete understanding of how complex mixtures affect AhR activation/inactivation.ObjectivesThese studies used biological readouts to provide a broader context for estimating human risk than that obtained with serum extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS)-based assays alone.MethodsAhR agonist activity was quantified in sera from dioxin-treated mice, commercial human sources, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)–exposed Faroe Islanders using an AhR-driven reporter cell line. To validate relationships between serum AhR agonist levels and biological outcomes, AhR agonist activity in mouse sera correlated with toxic end points. AhR agonist activity in unmanipulated ("neat") human sera was compared with these biologically relevant doses and with GC/MS-assayed PCB levels.ResultsMouse serum AhR agonist activity correlated with injected dioxin dose, thymic atrophy, and heptomegaly, validating the use of neat serum to assess AhR agonist activity. AhR agonist activity in sera from Faroe Islanders varied widely, was associated with the frequency of recent pilot whale dinners, but did not correlate with levels of PCBs quantified by GC/MS. Surprisingly, significant "baseline" AhR activity was found in commercial human sera.ConclusionsAn AhR reporter assay revealed cumulative levels of AhR activation potential in neat serum, whereas extraction may preclude detection of important non-dioxin-like biological activity. Significant levels of AhR agonist activity in commercial sera and in Faroe Islander sera, compared with that from experimentally exposed mice, suggest human exposures that are biologically relevant in both populations.
MEDICOLEGAL RELATIONS OF OPIUM INEBRIETY AND THE NECESSITY FOR LEGAL RECOGNITION.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

How far is a morphia or opium habitué responsible for his acts? Will the use of opium or other narcotic drugs diminish or destroy the sense of right and wrong, or of duty and obligation? Will opium and allied drugs whose physiologic action is most prominent on the sensory centers disturb the reason and the higher moral centers and encourage crime and criminal acts? Practically the opium inebriate is uniformly untruthful, particularly regarding himself and his use of drugs. Like the alcoholic, when under the influence of drugs he resorts to intrigue and deception, often coarsely or skilfully executed. Thus secrecy, deception and disregard of all questions of ethics and duty are the common symptoms. Obligations of honor and respect for society and for those having claims upon him have little influence compared with his morbid impulses and feelings. In some instances in the earlier stages but little change is
EXERCISE CAPACITY ATTENUATES RISK FOR MORTALITY AND ADVERSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN MEN AND WOMEN WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA INDEPENDENT OF STATIN THERAPY: THE FIT PROJECT
Authors: Rupert Hung, Mohamud Qadi, Gabriel Shaya, Roger Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir, John Schairer, Steven Keteyian, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Michael Blaha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
An endoscopically implantable device stimulates the lower esophageal sphincter on demand by remote control: a study using a canine model
Authors: J. Clarke, S. Jagannath, A. Kalloo, V. Long, D. Beitler, S. Kantsevoy
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de J. O. Clarke et al., pp. 72Endoscopy 2007; 39(01): 192-192DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306913
A novel colonoscopy reporting system enabling quality assurance
Authors: Sascha van Doorn, Joost van Vliet, Paul Fockens, Evelien Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The quality of colonoscopy can only be measured if colonoscopy reports include all key quality indicators. In daily practice, reporting is often incomplete and not standardized. This study describes a novel, structured colonoscopy reporting system, which aims to generate standardized and complete reports and to facilitate the automatic analysis of colonoscopy quality indicators. <b>Methods: </b>A new colonoscopy reporting system (EndoALPHA) was developed. The system reports all colonoscopy quality indicators, as well as pathological findings, in a systematic manner using structured terminology. All essential items carry specific codes, which enables statistical analysis and the automatic generation of reports of all quality indicators. The EndoALPHA reporting system was tested with regard to completeness of reporting and evaluation of quality indicators both for individual endoscopists and the endoscopy unit. <b>Results: </b>In 2012, all 810 colonoscopies performed at one colonoscopy center were documented using EndoALPHA. Overall, 94 % of performed colonoscopies were reported completely using the encoded terminology. Individual unadjusted cecal intubation rates were above 90 % for all endoscopists (mean 96.7 %), and the adenoma detection rate was above 20 % for all endoscopists (35.4 % for the unit). <b>Conclusion: </b>The novel EndoALPHA reporting system enables automatic quality assessment on two levels: the completeness of reporting can be evaluated, and if this is adequate, the quality of the colonoscopies can also be assessed. Integrated with feedback, benchmarking and training, the reporting system may facilitate quality improvement for colonoscopy services.
Edrophonium hydrochloride does not elevate ventricular fibrillation thresholds in humans
Authors: R.D. Mitrani, A. Interian, J. Dylewski, E.M. Kloosterman, S. Atapattu, L. Munoz, A. Castellanos, R.J. Myerburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Need for rigorous assessment of palliative care
Authors: H McQuay, A Moore
Journal: BMJ (1994)

By a strange coincidence, political and professional agendas simultaneously require evidence of effectiveness. This makes good sense with finite resources. Stop ineffective interventions, and the money saved can be spent on those that are effective. The problem is that, although effectiveness is a useful word to describe what is wanted, it is difficult to define. Its meaning varies according to context.

In medicine we can at least use the gold standard of the randomised controlled trial to show that a new medical intervention is better than no intervention or than an existing intervention.1 Long established interventions are often time honoured rather than proved by randomised controlled trials, although lack of evidence of effectiveness. is not the same as evidence of lack of effectiveness. Will medical decisions not supported by randomised controlled trials continue to be purchased, and, if so, for how long? Are we wrong to continue to support these decisions? Who will investigate their effectiveness? And should one randomised controlled trial showing lack of effect outweigh the testimony of experience?2 If this is hard going for single interventions how much …
Response of the corpus luteum to luteinizing hormone.
Authors: G D Niswender
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The response of steroidogenic tissues to tropic hormones is regulated in part by specific receptors in the target cells for the stimulatory hormone. As a result of hormone binding to receptor the enzyme adenylate cyclase is activated with a resultant increase in intracellular levels of cAMP. Enhanced protein kinase activity then leads to increased steroidogenesis via several possible mechanisms, including direct activation of components of steroidogenic enzyme systems via phosphorylation. The initial effects of tropic hormones such as LH are dependent upon the number of receptors present on the surface of the target cell. Numerous factors influence the number of LH receptors in the corpus luteum. A model is presented for the mechanisms involved in the loss and renewal of LH receptors in the luteal cell. The life of the LH receptor on luteal cells appears to be a single binding of hormone. The hormone-receptor complex is then internalized by endocytosis and the hormone is degraded in lysosomes. After internalization the receptor is also degraded in lysosomes or recycled via the Golgi apparatus. New or recycled receptors for LH are incorporated into the limiting membrane of protein containing secretory granules. One of the actions of LH is enhancement of the exocytosis of these secretory granules with incorporation of the limiting membrane (and the LH receptors?) of the granule into the plasma membrane of the cell. These proposed mechanisms explain the increase in the number of receptors for LH seen immediately after stimulation of the luteal cell with massive doses of LH and also explain the "down-regulation" of LH receptors 24 hr after administration of LH.
Tolerance and Dependence on Pentazocine
Authors: Raynaldo G. Sandoval, Richard I. H. Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE need for a potent nonaddicting analgesic has always been great. Nalorphine, a narcotic antagonist, was found to have distinct analgesic activity,1 but because it had undesirable psychotomimetic effects,2 it was introduced clinically as a narcotic antagonist. Pentazocine, a weak narcotic antagonist derived from the benzomorphan nucleus, has been claimed not to produce tolerance and physical dependence.3 This is a report of the effects of pentazocine administered for prolonged periods in two patients with chronic pain of nonmalignant origin.Case ReportsCase 1. J.M., a 59-year-old former meperidine addict, had frequent documented severe anginal pains for years. From February, 1967, . . .
Developing primary palliative care
Authors: Scott A Murray, Kirsty Boyd, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Guthrie's response to our editorial of 6 November on developing primary palliative care is helpful in pointing out that the new out of hours organisations are now responsible for three quarters of the week's on call hours, while primary care teams working during the day are responsible for only a quarter.1 This of course means that general practitioners and district nurses working out of hours will often attend people dying at home.

Unfortunately such busy organisations are often extremely stretched to deal with the diverse out of hours workload, and hand over forms for identifying patients receiving palliative care who could deteriorate in the short term are in our experience rarely in place. Progress is being made by some practices which routinely notify NHS24 in Scotland or NHS Direct in England of such patients, as recommended, for instance, in the gold standards framework.2

We do not yet know what effect the new call centre triaging and accompanying out of hours arrangements will have on helping patients to die at home if they so wish. Care by call centres can be problematic and perceived as impersonal.3 This underscores the urgent need to develop plans for providing 24 hour care for dying people.

As out of hours services continue to evolve, the attempt to meet the last wishes of patients, many of whom would like to die at home if they could, must not be lost sight of. This means, as Guthrie highlights, that more community nurses and social support need to be available out of hours. Ways of targeting additional support at home for those with particularly complex needs should be explored, with community providers being encouraged to make greater use of the out of hours advice available from specialist palliative care services. Otherwise, as Levack et al suggest,4 only those with the fewest symptoms and greatest personal resources will be able to die at home.5
Induction of hepatic P-glycoprotein enhances biliary excretion of vincristine in rats
Authors: Tohru Watanabe, Hiroshi Suzuki, Yasufumi Sawada, Mikihiko Naito, Takashi Tsuruo, Makoto Inaba, Manabu Hanano, Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
ADAM12 in human liver cancers: TGF-β-regulated expression in stellate cells is associated with matrix remodeling
Authors: Hélène Le Pabic, Dominique Bonnier, Ulla M. Wewer, Alexandre Coutand, Orlando Musso, Georges Baffet, Bruno Clément, Nathalie Théret
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

“A disintegrin and metalloproteinases” (ADAMs) form a family of cell–surface glycoproteins with potential protease and cell–adhesion activities. We have investigated ADAM expression in human liver cancers and their regulation by several cytokines involved in liver injury. Using degenerative RT–PCR, cDNA encoding sequences for ADAM9 and ADAM12 were identified in human activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Northern blot analyses showed that HSCs, but not hepatocytes, expressed transcripts for ADAM9 messenger RNA (mRNA) and both the long and short forms of ADAM12. This expression was associated with the transition from quiescent to activated state of rat HSCs and markedly increased in human livers with cirrhosis. ADAM12 but not ADAM9 expression was up–regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF–β) in human activated HSCs. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the mitogen–activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor UO126 prevented ADAM12 induction by TGF–β, suggesting the involvement of PI3K and MEK activities. In vivo , the steady–state of both ADAM9 and ADAM12 mRNA levels was nearly undetectable in both normal livers and benign tumors and increased in hepatocellular carcinomas (up to 3– and 6–fold, respectively) and liver metastases from colonic carcinomas (up to 40– and 60–fold, respectively). The up–regulation of both ADAM9 and ADAM12 was correlated with an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and activity. In conclusion, in liver cancers ADAM9 and ADAM12 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression.
Skin inflammation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS): an in-vivo model
Authors: C. W. TRENAM, A. J. DABBAGH, C.J. MORRIS, D. R. BLAKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Skin inflammation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS): an in‐vivo model Get access C. W. TRENAM, C. W. TRENAM The Inflammation Group, The London Hospital Medical College, 25–29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. J. DABBAGH, A. J. DABBAGH The Inflammation Group, The London Hospital Medical College, 25–29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.J. MORRIS, C.J. MORRIS The Inflammation Group, The London Hospital Medical College, 25–29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. R. BLAKE D. R. BLAKE The Inflammation Group, The London Hospital Medical College, 25–29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 4, 1 October 1991, Pages 325–329, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14165.x Published: 01 October 1991
L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: J A Vita, B Frei, M Holbrook, N Gokce, C Leaf, J F Keaney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The effective action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) is impaired in patients with atherosclerosis. This impairment has been attributed in part to increased vascular oxidative stress. EDNO action is improved by administration of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant. Ascorbic acid is a potent free-radical scavenger in plasma, and also regulates intracellular redox state in part by sparing cellular glutathione. We specifically investigated the role of intracellular redox state in EDNO action by examining the effect of L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylate (OTC) on EDNO-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. OTC augments intracellular glutathione by providing substrate cysteine for glutathione synthesis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was examined with high-resolution ultrasound before and after oral administration of 4.5 g of OTC or placebo in 48 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Placebo treatment produced no change in flow-mediated dilation (7.0+/-3.9% vs. 7.2+/-3.7%), whereas OTC treatment was associated with a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (6.6+/-4.4% vs. 11.0+/-6.3%; P = 0.005). OTC had no effect on arterial dilation to nitroglycerin, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, or reactive hyperemia. These data suggest that augmenting cellular glutathione levels improves EDNO action in human atherosclerosis. Cellular redox state may be an important regulator of EDNO action, and is a potential target for therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
AMA Auxiliary Activities
Authors: Mary Kay McPhee
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gaucher's Disease of the Lung Causing Severe Pulmonary Hypertension with Associated Acute Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, DONALD S. FREDRICKSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The clinical and pathological features of a 30-year-old man with Gaucher's disease are described. He had severe pulmonary hypertension resulting from obstruction of pulmonary capillaries by Gaucher cells. Acute recurrent pericarditis of unknown etiology terminally led to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade.
Reduced Anxiety Level by Therapeutic Interventions and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Panic Disorder Patients
Authors: Kyung Bong Koh, Youngjoon Lee
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; This study examined the relationship between reduced anxiety level by therapeutic interventions and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in patients with panic disorder. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The subjects consisted of 42 patients with panic disorder and 42 normal gender- and age-matched controls. Among the patients, 21 were randomly assigned to a combined treatment of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the benzodiazepine antianxiety agent ethyl loflazepate (2 mg daily), and 21 were assigned to the antianxiety agent only. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Cell-mediated immune function was measured by the lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The anxiety level was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Prior to treatment, the panic disorder patients had significantly lower IL-2 production and blastogenic response to PHA than the normal controls. However, no significant differences in CMI were found between the pretreatment and posttreatment period in either the patient group receiving medication only or the combined treatment group, though after treatment, patients were significantly less anxious than before treatment in both intervention groups. The delta change (posttreatment value minus pretreatment value) in the self-reported anxiety level was significantly associated with the delta change in the blastogenic response in the combined treatment group. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; These findings suggest that panic disorder may be associated with decreased CMI, and the reduced level of self-reported anxiety in the patients who underwent combined therapeutic intervention is likely to increase the blastogenic response. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment on immune function.
The Patient's Reaction to Bedside Teaching
Authors: Hans Preuss, Philip Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

BEDSIDE teaching has become a well established procedure in the instruction of medical students and graduate medical students. In the essentials of an approved internship, the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association1 stressed the importance of "daily, regularly organized ward rounds with well-conducted teaching at the bedside." By this the Council meant:... systematic instruction of the intern by the attending physician with an ample discussion of the history, the physical examination, the clinical and laboratory findings, the diagnosis, and the treatment of each patient. The social and psychological aspects of the case should receive . . .