tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: S. Flexner
Journal: BMJ (1933)

BRITISHchildren who were myopes were of exceptional ability some had gained scholarships, and it seemed both unfair and unwise to deny theM the opportunities which were open to normal children.Six years ago myope classes were started in some higher schools of the London County Council ; there are now five classes for 100 children.Parents are warned of the risks of strain, they agree to remove their children if signs of strain be found, and they are warned that these facilities should not be considered as a stepping-stone to clerical employment after school days.Most children admitted at the age of 11 have myopia of 4 to 7 D in the better eye, a much lower degree than in children in the elementary myope classes.Educa- tion is in each case modified according to the eye condi- tions.Certain children are allowed to read books with clear print for short and stated periods each day ; others with worse defects are allowed to read notes made with " bulletin" typewriters for a quarter of an hour twice a day.Children with high and progressive myopia are kept strictly to myopic regulations; they do not read, but are read to by others.At three of the classes myopes are taught " touch " typewriting.The ribbon of the machine is removed, and two sheets of paper with an intervening sheet of carbon paper are inserted.The upper sheet shows no printing, the lower sheet, invisible to the child, receives the impress of the type.The results of these classes are, on the whole, good.The myopia often remains practically unchanged over a period of years, and at the age of 16 or 17 selected pupils are allowed, under sight-saving conditions arranged with different examining bodies, to sit for leaving examinations, in which they generally do well.The mean average increase of myopia per annum has been about 0.2 D. Much trouble is taken by the staffs of the different schools to obtain suitable occupation for these myopes.Many take up some branch of salesmanship; others train in pharmacy, domestic science, farming, nursing, massage, or commercial travelling.Notwithstanding these efforts, nearly one-fourth have taken up'unsuitable work, although the number who do so is decreasing.In the myope classes in the higher schools there are no children with scarred eyes or congenital defects-all are high myopes.CONCLUSION That these sight-saving classes, or myope classes, do meet a real need in the modern school system is certain.Thirty years ago ophthalmic surgeons were wont to forbid school to their highly myopic patients ; now they refer them for admission to a myope class, or, if one of these is not available, the parents are instructed in the simple principles which underlie these sight-saving classes.The work is found to be as practicable for home use, or for exceptional use at an ordinary school, as it is under the organized conditions of the London schools.
ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS IN A YOUTH OF 18 YEARS. REMARKS ON THE SENSORY SYMPTOMS.
Authors: FRANK R. FRY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

A. M., aged 18 years 2 months, was taken with a febrile attack Oct. 13, 1900, accompanied by much pain in the back and thighs, and followed by acute paralysis of the lower limbs. The patient, an intelligent young man, gives the following account of the attack: On the day he first took to bed he went to school as usual in the morning, although feeling poorly. He was too ill to remain at school, but walked home, a distance of one mile, and went to bed very ill. The next two days he was very restless, suffering especially with pain in the loins and thighs; he was so sensitive to touch that he dreaded to have anyone take hold of him, and it made him sore and tired to lie, and he was in and out of bed frequently. Finally, he could not get up and realized that his
Abstract 4177: Inhibition of tumor malignancy by anti-angiogenic therapies in orthotopic mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gang Li, Dana Hu-Lowe, James Christensen, David Pocalyko
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Most cases occur in Asia, and in China alone an estimated 251,000 male and 95,000 female patients are diagnosed annually. Although significant advances have been made with the use of certain chemotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic agents in HCC treatment, the prognosis for most liver cancer patients remains poor. To address this significant unmet medical need, Pfizer Oncology has set out to strengthen its research and drug discovery activities targeting HCC. Here we report the establishment of two series (cell line-derived and primary human tumor-derived) of orthotopic mouse models of HCC, and their validation with anti-angiogenic compounds sutent and axitinib. In both series of models, tumor fragments obtained from in vivo expansion were surgically implanted into the left lobe of mouse liver to mimic the natural microenvironment and preserve the interaction between tumor cells and the stroma components. Both sutent and axitinib demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity, as well as metastatic potential at therapeutic doses. The anti-tumor activity of these agents are associated with reduction of CD31 in the tumor. Both sutent and axitinib were well tolerated by the animals during the course of the studies. In addition, plasma samples were collected at different time points for α-feto-protein (AFP) measurement. A significant correlation between tumor size (or weight) and serum AFP level was demonstrated, which indicated that circulating AFP can be utilized as a non-invasive biomarker for HCC burden. These results support anti-angiogenesis as a valid approach for effective treatment of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4177.
The Journals of the AMA
Authors: Gabriela Radulescu
Journal: JAMA (1986)

As of Sept 1, 1986,<i>JAMA</i>and the nine specialty journals<sup>*</sup>published by the American Medical Association (AMA) formally began to function as an editorial consortium. In succinct terms, this means that a manuscript rejected by one journal of the consortium for reasons of priority or unsuitability for that journal's readership may, with the author's agreement, be forwarded expeditiously for consideration by another AMA journal. The manuscript will be accompanied by the reviews obtained by the first editor, which should shorten the editorial review process appreciably the second time around. Several principles of functioning of the consortium are worth emphasizing to characterize its purpose: Because of the exigence of the review process, only a fraction of the manuscripts submitted to any AMA journal are accepted for publication. Some are rejected because of flaws in scientific quality. They are returned to the authors, accompanied by comments and recommendations, which may
Intellectualization of Drug Abuse
Authors: Clinton B. McCracken
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CONGENITAL VALVE FORMATION OF THE BLADDER NECK
Authors: Maurice Muschat
Journal: JAMA (1931)

A boy, aged 1 year, seen by one of us (H. L.), Jan. 28, 1930, had been previously treated for anorexia, vomiting, constant crying and inability to gain weight. The suggestion was made that the child was a hydrolabile baby (Finkelstein), gaining rapidly and losing rapidly without any acute alimentary disturbance to account for it. An explanation of this may be found in the hydronephrosis as revealed at autopsy, although this as a cause of the unstable weight was not suggested during life. The child's weight was 16 pounds 3 ounces (7 Kg.). The size of the abdomen was striking but examination yielded no satisfactory results at that time. Four weeks later the child weighed 17 pounds 13 ounces (7.8 Kg.). The child began to sleep poorly and commenced to cry often. A specimen of urine obtained showed a large amount of pus. The child's abdomen was then examined under
The unspoken word
Authors: R. Codling
Journal: BMJ (2014)

“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said in a rather scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”1

But one word—cancer—was rarely used in my local hospital. After being diagnosed with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, I kept a journal. 

An extract reads:

“The word “cancer” was not used until about my third chemo session . . . Until then, all references had been to lymphoma, not even to tumour. My reaction [to a nurse’s comment] was not surprise …
Ocular Histology: A Text and Atlas
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1972)

As the authors state in their introduction, the object of their text is to bridge the gap between light microscopy and electron microscopy as applied to ocular structures. With this objective in mind the cytological approach employed is a logical one. After an introductory chapter on electron microscopy and four others on cytology and cellular relationships, each of the ocular substructures is treated in turn. The well-reproduced illustrations, on which the entire exposition depends, comprise gross specimens, external photographs, light micrographs and electron micrographs of superior quality. The authors, each of whom is an ophthalmic pathologist and a practicing ophthalmologist, fulfil well their stated objective. They have laid the groundwork for a future text on electron microscopic pathology of the eye, a subject to which each has already made contributions in the literature.
Tricuspid Annular Displacement Predicts Survival in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Paul R. Forfia, Micah R. Fisher, Stephen C. Mathai, Traci Housten-Harris, Anna R. Hemnes, Barry A. Borlaug, Elzbieta Chamera, Mary C. Corretti, Hunter C. Champion, Theodore P. Abraham, Reda E. Girgis, Paul M. Hassoun
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of prognosis in pulmonary hypertension. However, noninvasive assessment of the RV function is often limited by complex geometry and poor endocardial definition.To test whether the degree of tricuspid annular displacement (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]) is a useful echo-derived measure of RV function with prognostic significance in pulmonary hypertension.We prospectively studied 63 consecutive patients with pulmonary hypertension who were referred for a clinically indicated right heart catheterization. Patients underwent right heart catheterization immediately followed by transthoracic echocardiogram and TAPSE measurement.In the overall cohort, a TAPSE of less than 1.8 cm was associated with greater RV systolic dysfunction (cardiac index, 1.9 vs. 2.7 L/min/m2; RV % area change, 24 vs. 33%), right heart remodeling (right atrial area index, 17.0 vs. 12.1 cm(2)/m), and RV-left ventricular (LV) disproportion (RV/LV diastolic area, 1.7 vs. 1.2; all p < 0.001), versus a TAPSE of 1.8 cm or greater. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; n = 47), survival estimates at 1 and 2 yr were 94 and 88%, respectively, in those with a TAPSE of 1.8 cm or greater versus 60 and 50%, respectively, in subjects with a TAPSE less than 1.8 cm. The unadjusted risk of death (hazard ratio) in patients with a TAPSE less than 1.8 versus 1.8 cm or greater was 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-24.9; p = 0.02) for the PAH cohort. For every 1-mm decrease in TAPSE, the unadjusted risk of death increased by 17% (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.30; p = 0.006), which persisted after adjusting for other echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables and baseline treatment status.TAPSE powerfully reflects RV function and prognosis in PAH.
Commissioners must start redesigning services to ensure real savings, MPs say
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A reliance on reductions in hospitals’ price tariffs to drive NHS efficiency savings is offering commissioners a “cop-out” from redesigning services and will not improve the effectiveness and quality of NHS healthcare, MPs have warned.

In a report launched on 19 March, the Commons health select committee said changes in tariff payments did not constitute true “efficiency savings” and would result in efficiency gains for the NHS only if providers changed the way care was delivered as a result.

The committee’s chair, Stephen Dorrell, said tariff reductions merely served to transfer responsibility away from commissioners, who should be taking centre stage in the “process of service re-imagination.”

The committee’s annual report into public expenditure on health and social care services highlighted that the government had achieved the …
Intracellular Gastrin in Human Gastrointestinal Tumor Cells
Authors: S. A. Watson, L. G. Durrant, P. M. Wencyk, A. L. Watson, D. L. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Intracellular Gastrin in Human Gastrointestinal Tumor Cells Get access S. A. Watson, S. A. Watson * Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, University of NottinghamNottingham England *Correspondence to: S. A. Watson, PhD, Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. G. Durrant, L. G. Durrant Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, University of NottinghamNottingham England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. M. Wencyk, P. M. Wencyk Department of Surgery, University Hospital, NottinghamEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. L. Watson, A. L. Watson Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, University of NottinghamNottingham England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Morris D. L. Morris Department of Surgery, University Hospital, NottinghamEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 12, 19 June 1991, Pages 866–871, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.12.866 Published: 19 June 1991 Article history Received: 15 October 1990 Revision received: 13 March 1991 Accepted: 28 March 1991 Published: 19 June 1991
Drug Treatment of Respiratory Disease
Authors: Valentin T. Popa
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Drug Treatment of Respiratory Diseases</i>is the latest in the growing series of books devoted to the pharmacology of the airways. Essentially aimed at the same audience, these books vary in size, number of contributing authors, and emphasis on basic pharmacology. This single-authored book was written by a British clinician for British and American clinicians. The first chapter offers a clinical discussion on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables that, in general, are apt to influence the response to drugs. The following chapters deal with drugs affecting cough and sputum production, anti-microbials, bronchodilating drugs, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and therapeutic measures applied in acute respiratory failure. There are good but sparse diagrams, a lot of summarizing tables, and pertinent selected references up to 1979. Clear, systematic, and concise, the book is obviously written with literary and didactic talent. Without being ponderous or dogmatic, the author artfully presents the current consensus on a certain
Diurnal changes of fibrinolysis in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices
Authors: Fabio Piscaglia, Sebastiano Siringo, Ramon C. Hermida, Cristina Legnani, Marco Valgimigli, Gabriele Donati, Gualtiero Palareti, Laura Gramantieri, Stefano Gaiani, Andrew K. Burroughs, Luigi Bolondi
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Variceal bleeding, whose triggering mechanisms are largely unknown, occurs with a circadian rhythmicity, with 2 peaks, one greater, in the evening, and one smaller, in the early morning. We assessed some clotting and hemodynamic parameters, possibly involved in variceal hemorrhage, over a 24-hour period, at 4-hour intervals, in 16 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices and in 9 controls. At each time interval, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and tPA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigens and activities and total euglobulin fibrinolytic activity were determined and portal-vein flow velocity, volume, and congestion index were measured by duplex-Doppler. Significant circadian rhythms were searched for by least-squares and cosinor methods. tPA activity showed a circadian rhythm in cirrhosis, with a peak of 2.85 times the trough value, calculated at 18:42, and remained over 2.5-fold until shortly after 22:00. Total fibrinolytic activity showed a similar pattern, which was statistically significant also in controls. tPA and PAI antigens also showed significant circadian rhythm both in controls and cirrhotics, with higher values in the morning. Among the portal hemodynamic parameters only the congestion index showed significant rhythmic changes and only in cirrhosis, with the highest values in the late evening, but with limited diurnal excursion (± 5.5%). In conclusion, we showed the existence of a circadian rhythm of fibrinolysis in cirrhosis, whose temporal distribution might suggest a role of fibrinolysis in variceal hemorrhage on the basis of the comparison to the known chronorisk of variceal bleeding.
Prognosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica.
Authors: J G Jones, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is considered to be a benign disease by some, while others think it is a more serious illness which required similar treatment to giant cell arteritis (GCA). The progress of 85 patients with PMR who presented to a district general hospital has been studied in an attempt to study this relationship. Thirty-eight patients had PMR alone, and 14 developed PMR and GCA within 1 month. Five patients presented with GCA and then developed PMR, and 28 patients developed symptoms of GCA after presenting with PMR (PMR leads to GCA). Arteritis and complications developed up to 9 years after the onset of PMR (mean 1 year). Twenty-two patients (26%) developed some cerebral or visual complication. Fifteen of these patients were in the PMR leads to GCA group. All 6 patients with permanent loss of vision were in this group. Seven patients developed complications while on corticosteroids. 97% of patients required corticosteroids for at least 1 year; 32% of patients still required 10 mg of prednisone or more after 1 year. PMR is not a benign disease.
The ESC Textbook of Acute and Intensive Cardiac CareTubaroMarcoDanchinNicolasFilippatosGerasimosGoldsteinPatrickVranckxPascalZahgerDoron edsThe ESC Textbook of Acute and Intensive Cardiac CareNew York, USA: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-19-958431-4 848 pages. $325.00.
Authors: Michael H. Crawford
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Reporting AIDS in New York City
Authors: Harry Haverkos
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The article on completeness of AIDS case reporting in New York City suggests a low incidence of heterosexually acquired AIDS among men in that city. 1 We reviewed the AIDS Public Information Data Set, June 1992, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for heterosexual contact cases by gender, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and region. Heterosexual contact cases are defined by the CDC as persons with AIDS who report no history of male homosexual contact, intravenous drug abuse, or hemophilia, and either report specific heterosexual contact with a person with or at increased risk for HIV infection, or were born in specific areas of the Caribbean or central Africa where heterosexual transmission is a major route of HIV transmission. 2 There were far fewer male heterosexual cases in New York City than elsewhere in the United States (Table). New York City reported 40513 (18%) of
The loss of GLUT2 expression by glucose-unresponsive beta cells of db/db mice is reversible and is induced by the diabetic environment.
Authors: B Thorens, Y J Wu, J L Leahy, G C Weir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Glucose-induced insulin secretion by beta cells of diabetic db/db mice was studied by a pancreas perfusion technique, and the levels of GLUT2 protein in pancreatic islets were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and protein blot analysis. Beta cells from diabetic mice had a high basal rate of insulin secretion; they did not respond to glucose stimulation but displayed a normal secretory response to arginine. At the same time, GLUT2 expression by db/db islets was lost whereas beta cells from nondiabetic db/+ mice expressed high levels of this transporter. GLUT2 levels in liver or kidney of diabetic mice were, however, mostly unaltered. Transplanting islets from db/db mice under the kidney capsule of db/+ mice restored normal GLUT2 levels. Conversely, transplantation of db/+ islets into db/db mice induced the disappearance of GLUT2 expression. When islets from db/+ mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule of streptozocin-diabetic mice, the immunodetection of GLUT2 also disappeared. We conclude that: (a) GLUT2 expression is decreased in glucose-unresponsive beta cells from db/db mice; (b) the decreased expression of GLUT2 is reversible; (c) the loss of GLUT2 expression is induced by the diabetic environment of db/db and streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. These observations together with previously published data suggest that a factor different from glucose or insulin regulates the beta cell expression of GLUT2.
Prevalence of antibody indicating Lyme disease in farmers in Wigtownshire: Authors' reply
Authors: A G Baird, J C M Gillies, N T Miscampbell, B A S Dale, F J Bone
Journal: BMJ (1989)

clinics or orthopaedic lists are dealt with in the other two weeks of the rota; during that time there is no commitment to new trauma.In this way there is no risk of night work leaving the surgeon jaded for routine work the following day.This is not a unique system, but this and other methods will have to be evolved to improve on safety of care.
Bone mineral density improvement in spondyloarthropathy after treatment with etanercept
Authors: H Marzo-Ortega
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Paired two tailed Student's t test used to test differences between baseline and six month follow up values for both patient groups.ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (normal value 5-15 mm/1st h); CRP, C reactive protein (normal value <10 mg/l); VAS, visual analogue score; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (0-100); BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (0-100).