tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of spinal cord injury. Evacuation and initial management at hospital.
Authors: A Swain, D Grundy, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To analyze the efficacy of IV lacosamide versus levetiracetam as an early therapeutic treatment for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus. <h3>Background:</h3> Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a subset of status epilepticus (SE) characterized by behavioral changes or cognitive impairment. Studies investigating lacosamide and levetiracetam for the treatment of NCSE have consistently demonstrated promising efficacy, but the quantity of research has been lacking. We aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of IV lacosamide and levetiracetam when used in early treatment of NCSE utilizing a cohort of patients that is larger than any known single-center study. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with NCSE at Miami Valley Hospital from 2012–2016 that were treated with IV lacosamide (33 patients) or levetiracetam (66 patients). We compared efficacy of both drugs and the effectiveness of their standard doses: lacosamide (200–400mg IV bolus) and levetiracetam (500mg BID). Statistical analyses were completed by a statistician using SPSS software on de-identified and coded data. <h3>Results:</h3> Lacosamide was shown to be more effective (p-value &lt;0.001) using a chi-square test when analyzing the percent of patients whose status was improved after the first administration of levetiracetam versus lacosamide. While levetiracetam showed clinical improvement of patients at the third administration (p-value&lt;0.001). When given at a therapeutic level as a first dose or second dose, lacosamide proved to be more effective (p-value=0.003) for the first dose and second dose (p-value=0.009) using a chi-square test. However, levetiracetam was found to be more effective when given as a third medication (p-value=0.005) with chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test (p=0.034) respectively. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Overall, lacosamide was more effective than levetiracetam when given as the first medication administered for NCSE. While, levetiracetam was found to be more effective as a third line agent or later. Our study provides evidence for lacosamide to be a future therapeutic option in the treatment of NCSE in comparison to a well-known control, levetiracetam. <b>Disclosure:</b> Ms. Payne has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mustafa has nothing to disclose. Mr. Wiedemer has nothing to disclose. Ms. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kentris has nothing to disclose.
Introducing chemists to food allergy
Authors: C. Ortolani, M. Ispano, J. Scibilia, E. A. Pastorello*
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Adverse reactions to food may be toxic or non toxic, depending on the susceptibility to a certain food; non toxic reactions that involve immune mechanisms are termed allergy if they are IgE‐mediated. If no immunological mechanism is responsible, it is termed intolerance . The following disorders are considered a consequence of food allergy: gastrointestinal reactions (oral allergy syndrome, vomiting, diarrhea, protein‐induced enterocolitic syndrome, eosinophilic gastroenteritis); respiratory reactions (rhinitis, asthma, laryngeal edema); cutaneous reactions (urticaria‐angioedema, atopic dermatitis); anaphylaxis. There is much recent evidence to consider celiac disease an immunological disorder. Food allergy diagnosis is based on history, SPT, specific IgE, food challenges. DBPCFC is fundamental for diagnosing true food allergy; patients who have had anaphylaxis to food must not undergo DBPCFC. Rapidly progressive respiratory reactions and anaphylactic shock are life‐threatening reactions that can be caused by food allergy. The doses of food inducing anaphylaxis can be very low, therefore commercial cross‐contamination with an unsuspected food during food processing can be risky for the food allergic patient. The prevention of severe anaphylactic food reactions may lie in interdisciplinary collaboration among allergologists, chemists, food technologists, and experts in food industry research.
Decreased Risk of Endometrial Cancer among Oral-Contraceptive Users
Authors: David W. Kaufman, Samuel Shapiro, Dennis Slone, Lynn Rosenberg, Olli S. Miettinen, Paul D. Stolley, Robert C. Knapp, Thomas Leavitt, Watson G. Watring, Neil B. Rosenshein, John L. Lewis, David Schottenfeld, Ralph L. Engle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A case-control study was carried out to assess the effects of OC (oral contraceptive) usage on the risk of endometrial cancer. The cases were chosen from an ongoing case-control surveillance program at the Drug Epidemiology Unit of Boston University Medical Center. 154 women with a diagnosis of endometrial cancer were compared with 525 controls as to OC usage. 1% of the cases and 2% of the controls had used sequential OCs, numbers too small for inclusion in the study. 6% of the cases and 13% of the controls had used combination OCs. The relative risk of developing endometrial cancer was found to be only .5 for women who had used combination OCs. This halved risk rate falls to .3 for use that lasted for 3 or more years. There was no evidence that the time of last use affected the reduced risk factor; i.e., the reduced risk appeared to persist for at least 5 years after discontinuation of OC use. This protection against endometrial cancer offered by combined OC use may begin to show up in incidence rates for the disease soon if the protective effect does indeed remain after usage.
lndium-111 Leukocyte Scanning False-negative Study in a Renal Abscess
Authors: RAJENDRA KUMAR, DEEPAK G. BEDI, H D FAWCETT, MARY Z. WINSETT, CHARLES J. FAGAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 33-year-old man had clinical features of a right renal abscess. Results of excretory urography and ultrasonography showed a focal complex mass lesion in the right kidney. An ln-111 leukocyte scan failed to detect the right renal abscess, which later was aspirated under CT guidance and explored surgically. The role of ln-111 leukocyte imaging in the detection of intra-abdominal abscesses, with limitations of the procedure, is discussed.
Transgene-free iPSCs generated from small volume peripheral blood nonmobilized CD34+ cells
Authors: Randall K. Merling, Colin L. Sweeney, Uimook Choi, Suk See De Ravin, Timothy G. Myers, Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero, Jason Pan, Gilda Linton, Lifeng Chen, Sherry Koontz, Narda L. Theobald, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract SY40-04: Immune control of spontaneous tumor development
Authors: Ming Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Long recognized as an evolutionarily ancient cell type to control development, tissue homeostasis, and immune responses to pathogens, macrophages are being rediscovered as regulators of several chronic disorders including cancer. Using a spontaneous mammary tumor model, here we show that tumor growth induces the differentiation and expansion of a unique subset of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are phenotypically and functionally distinct from mammary tissue macrophages (MTMs). Compared to MTMs, TAMs do not exhibit an “alternatively activated macrophage” phenotype, but express the adhesion molecule Vcam1, and have high proliferative capacity upon their differentiation from CCR2-expressing inflammatory monocytes. Importantly, TAM differentiation is dependent on the transcriptional regulator of the Notch signaling pathway, RBPJ; and TAM, but not MTM, depletion restores tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cell responses, and suppresses tumor growth. These findings demonstrate that TAMs represent a novel lineage of mononuclear phagocytes with critical regulatory functions in promoting T cell tolerance to tumors. Citation Format: Ming Li. Immune control of spontaneous tumor development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY40-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY40-04
Agency urges researchers to make more use of yellow card data
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

People who are acutely ill out of hours should have easy access to a wider range of innovative medical services in the community to improve their care and reduce unnecessary hospital visits, a report by the Royal College of Physicians recommends.The report, Acute Medical Care: The Right Person, in the Right Setting, First Time, argues that current out of hours care is generally inadequate and inflexible, so patients with acute illness go to hospitals because there is no alternative.It recommends that provision of acute, unscheduled medical care in the community should expand with a range of different levels of emergency care, offering extended opening times and direct access to competent staff.New options might include urgent care centres in the community; rapid access medical outpatient clinics; and specialist outreach services from hospitals for acute deterioration of long term illness.These services must be evidence based, and the professionals delivering them must have the same competencies in acute medical care as hospital providers, it says.Competent decision making requires diagnostic support, says the report, which calls for improved availability of these services.The task force that developed the recommendations, based on a review of available evidence, wants to replace "see and greet"-in which services provide an initial assessment before referring on-with "see and treat"-providing accurate assessment and delivery of treatment at the first contact.Bryan Williams, professor of medicine at the University of Leicester, and chairman of the task force, said, "Getting it right for acute medical care needs changes in the way care is organised to get the most and the best out of staff and local resources and to provide fast and efficient care for patients.It needs changes in the way we work as professionals across the board, to provide wider and more flexible access to clinical decision makers."Big acute hospitals that serve local regions should provide the most intensive level of emergency and complex acute medical care in each area.They should have emergency departments located close to acute medical and critical care units, ideally as part of an emergency floor.To ensure that people are aware of the range of services, the report recommends developing local navigation hubs, each with a single, well publicised access telephone number distinct from 999, the emergency services number.
Case of Mal-Assimilation of the Phosphates and Carbonates.
Authors: E. S. Talbot
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> I would like to present to the profession through the columns of theJournalan exceedingly interesting case of mal-assimilation of the phosphates and carbonates. The patient is 13 years of age, of very nervous temperament, and has incontinence of urine. At home she is constantly doing things that she ought not to do. She goes to school and learns her lessons apparently without much effort. She eats and sleeps well, partaking largely of meat, but does not care for milk. The condition of her mouth is as follows, and seems to the writer to offer a solution of the trouble: The teeth were covered completely by tartar, and the enamel was easily scraped off. When the tartar was removed the little girl seemed to be in great agony. The teeth would ache, sometimes in one tooth and sometimes
Iron deficiency and impaired child development
Authors: H. Saloojee, J. M Pettifor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers p 1389 

Iron deficiency affects 20% to 50% of the world's population, making it the most common nutritional deficiency.1 In developing countries about half of all cases of anaemia in women and children result from iron deficiency, but other important and often coexisting contributors include malaria, hookworm infestation, HIV, and deficiencies in other nutrients such as vitamin A and folates. 2 3 Conversely, anaemia is just one manifestation of iron deficiency, and there are forms of mild to moderate iron deficiency in which anaemia is absent but tissue function is impaired.

In children iron deficiency develops slowly and produces few acute symptoms. As the deficiency worsens children become pale and weak, eat less, and tire easily. They gain weight poorly, have frequent respiratory and intestinal infections, and may develop pica. The most worrying association is that between iron deficiency and impaired development in behaviour, cognition, and psychomotor skills. Over the past three decades many studies have confirmed this relation, but whether iron deficiency is the sole …
Anorectic estrogen mimics leptin's effect on the rewiring of melanocortin cells and Stat3 signaling in obese animals
Authors: Qian Gao, Gabor Mezei, Yongzhan Nie, Yan Rao, Cheol Soo Choi, Ingo Bechmann, Csaba Leranth, Dominique Toran-Allerand, Catherine A Priest, James L Roberts, Xiao-Bing Gao, Charles Mobbs, Gerald I Shulman, Sabrina Diano, Tamas L Horvath
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
New views: from outer space to inner space
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Spectacular<i>Voyager</i>spacecraft views of Jupiter and Saturn and<i>Landsat</i>visual assessments of the Earth have inspired a radiologist to take a new look at the human body. Michael W. Vannier, MD, assistant professor of radiology at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, and formerly an engineer with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has worked with a team of image-analysis specialists to develop a way of transferring the technology involved in processing satellite pictures to the processing of anatomic images obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning. At the recent Radiological Society of North America meeting in Chicago, Vannier explained how, once he appreciated the similarities between NMR and satellite images, he saw the opportunity for cross application of the technology. He began by enlisting the cooperation of Robert L. Butterfield, manager of technology integration at Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Fla, and Douglas
Osteoporosis in Men with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: JOEL S. FINKELSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To assess the effect of testosterone deficiency on skeletal integrity in men, we determined bone density in 23 hypogonadal men with isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency and compared those values with ones from controls. Cortical bone density, as assessed by single-photon absorptiometry of the nondominant radius, ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 g/cm2 (mean +/- SE, 0.71 +/- 0.02) in patients with fused epiphyses and from 0.57 to 0.67 g/cm2 (mean, 0.61 +/- 0.01) in patients with open epiphyses, both of which were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than normal. Spinal trabecular bone density, as assessed by computed tomography, was similarly decreased (p less than 0.0001) and ranged from 42 to 177 mg K2HPO4/cm3 (mean, 112 +/- 7). Cortical bone density was at least 2 SD below normal in 16 of 23 men, and 8 men had spinal bone densities below the fracture threshold of 80 to 100 mg K2HPO4/cm3. Osteopenia was equally severe in men with immature and mature bone ages, suggesting that abnormal bone development plays an important role in the osteopenia of men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Effect of Different Pressure Levels on the Dynamics of Lung Collapse and Recruitment in Oleic-Acid–induced Lung Injury
Authors: PETER NEUMANN, JAN E. BERGLUND, ENRIQUE F. MONDÉJAR, ANDERS MAGNUSSON, GÖRAN HEDENSTIERNA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The effects of different inspiratory and expiratory airway pressures (Paw) on the dynamics of lung collapse and recruitment were studied in 14 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, pigs with oleic-acid–induced lung injury. Repetitive CT scans of the same slice were obtained every 0.8 s during different inspiration and expiration hold procedures. The mean lung density and amount of atelectasis were measured in each scan. Inspiration to a Paw of 15 cm H2O above PEEP resulted in recruitment of collapsed lung tissue, mainly within 1.4 s. During expiration lung density increased rapidly and at an almost even rate within the first 1.4 s, whereas a rapid increase of atelectasis occurred after an initial delay period of 0.6 s with PEEP = 10 or 15 cm H2O. PEEP of 20 or 25 cm H2O almost prevented lung collapse during expiration. Thus, in order to avoid cyclic alveolar collapse during mechanical ventilation in oleic-acid–induced lung injury, a PEEP level ⩾ 20 cm H2O or an expiration time ⩽ 0.6 s is required. Long inspiratory time intervals, as used in inverse ratio ventilation, seem to be of minor importance for the recruitment of collapsed lung tissue in this experimental model.
672. Lentiviral Vectors Targeting WASp Expression to Hematopoietic Cells, Efficiently Transduce CD34+ Cells and Correct Functions of Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells from Wiskott- Aldrich Syndrome Patients
Authors: Sabine Charrier, Loic Dupre, Samantha Scaramuzza, Laurence Jeanson, Mike Blundell, Olivier Danos, Federica Cattaneo, Alessandro Aiuti, Adrian Thrasher, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo, Anne Galy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Gene therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a severe primary immune deficiency characterized by multiple hematopoietic cellular defects. To develop a safe and effective gene transfer system for this application, we designed SIN lentiviral vectors using 5' flanking sequences of the WAS gene as internal promoters to express a human WAS cDNA. This was shown to restrict the expression of the transgene to hematopoeitic cells, as is naturally the case for WAS. Further work was needed to validate this gene transfer system in multiple lineages of patients cells and to assess its performance in comparison with other lentiviral vectors utilizing strong internal promoters. Results showed that either short (0.5 kb) or long (1.6 kb) WAS promoters induced transgene expression in patients T, B and dendritic cells. Both of these promoter sequences behaved equivalently to each other but appeared to be transcriptionally weaker than the other promoters tested (PGK, EF1a, SFFV). Yet, they could correct the proliferation and IL-2 production defects in WAS T cells and the cytoskeletal anomalies in WAS DC, to the same level than achieved with stronger gene expression systems. They also induced gene expression in patient CD34+ cells without apparent hematopoietic toxicity. Thus, several robust SIN lentiviral expression systems exist to express the human WAS transgene. None of those tested here led to transgene over-expression or hematopoietic toxicity and all achieved functional correction in several lineages of patients cells. Having the therapeutic transgene under control of an endogenous WAS promoter sequence appears to be an effective and safe strategy. This preferentially targets the therapeutic transgene to the hematopoietic system, and may allow its physiological regulation in various lineages of cells. The lower strength of the WAS promoters may also reduce the risk of trans-activating neighbouring genes upon integration of the cassette. These results support further development of such lentiviral vectors for clinical application in WAS.
Continuous Monitoring of Left Ventricular Function by an Ambulatory Radionuclide Detector in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nagara Tamaki, Tsunehiro Yasuda, Richard H. Moore, John B. Gill, Charles A. Boucher, Adolph M. Nutter, Herman K. Gold, H. William Strauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Effect of bumetanide on toluene diisocyanate induced contractions in guinea pig airways.
Authors: C E Mapp, A Boniotti, A Papi, C A Maggi, A Di Stefano, M Saetta, A Ciaccia, L M Fabbri
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: The loop diuretic frusemide has been shown to inhibit the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise, inhaled allergen, distilled water, adenosine, and sodium metabisulphite. Toluene diisocyanate contracts smooth muscle by activating capsaicin sensitive nerves and causes asthma that shares many features with allergen induced asthma. METHODS: The study was designed to assess the effect of two loop diuretics, bumetanide (10 and 100 microM) and frusemide (100 microM), on smooth muscle contraction induced by toluene diisocyanate (0.03-1000 microM) in guinea pig airways with and, in the case of bumetanide, without epithelium. The effect of bumetanide on the response to acetylcholine, neurokinin A, and electrical field stimulation in guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle rings was also examined. RESULTS: Bumetanide (10 and 100 microM) had no effect on toluene diisocyanate induced contraction whether airway epithelium was present or not. Frusemide (100 microM) caused no significant inhibition of toluene diisocyanate induced contraction (mean reduction on the entire curve 25%). Bumetanide inhibited non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic contraction induced by electrical field stimulation of bronchi pretreated with atropine (1 microM) and indomethacin (5 microM) and this inhibition was inversely related to the frequency of stimulation, suggesting that bumetanide may be inhibiting transmitter release at the prejunctional level. Bumetanide and frusemide did not inhibit the responses to exogenous acetylcholine (0.1 microM) or neurokinin A (1 nM). CONCLUSIONS: Bumetanide and frusemide in doses that are known to inhibit non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic contraction due to electrical field stimulation failed to inhibit the response to toluene diisocyanate in guinea pig airways.
The Renal Arterial Resistance Index and Renal Allograft Survival
Authors: Jörg Radermacher, Michael Mengel, Sebastian Ellis, Stephan Stuht, Markus Hiss, Anke Schwarz, Ute Eisenberger, Michael Burg, Friedrich C. Luft, Wilfried Gwinner, Hermann Haller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Most renal transplants fail because of chronic allograft nephropathy or because the recipient dies, but no reliable factor predicting long-term outcome has been identified. We tested whether a renal arterial resistance index of less than 80 was predictive of long-term allograft survival.The renal segmental arterial resistance index (the percentage reduction of the end-diastolic flow as compared with the systolic flow) was measured by Doppler ultrasonography in 601 patients at least three months after transplantation between August 1997 and November 1998. All patients were followed for three or more years. The combined end point was a decrease of 50 percent or more in the creatinine clearance rate, allograft failure (indicated by the need for dialysis), or death.A total of 122 patients (20 percent) had a resistance index of 80 or higher. Eighty-four of these patients (69 percent) had a decrease of 50 percent or more in creatinine clearance, as compared with 56 of the 479 patients with a resistance index of less than 80 (12 percent); 57 patients with a higher resistance index (47 percent) required dialysis, as compared with 43 patients with a lower resistance index (9 percent); and 36 patients with a higher resistance index (30 percent) died, as compared with 33 patients with a lower resistance index (7 percent) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). A total of 107 patients with a higher resistance index (88 percent) reached the combined end point, as compared with 83 of those with a lower resistance index (17 percent, P<0.001). The multivariate relative risk of graft loss among patients with a higher resistance index was 9.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 6.6 to 12.7). Proteinuria (protein excretion, 1 g per day or more), symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection, and a creatinine clearance rate of less than 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area after transplantation also increased the risk.A renal arterial resistance index of 80 or higher measured at least three months after transplantation is associated with poor subsequent allograft performance and death.