tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of studies of the health effects of ozone.
Authors: A Muñoz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The design and analysis of studies that investigate the effect of exposure to ozone on health outcomes need to define carefully the methods for the assessment of the exposure and to determine precisely which is the outcome of biological relevance. The estimation of sample size for longitudinal studies requires the expected rates of change among the exposed and unexposed, the variance of the outcome, and the correlation of measurements taken within an individual. Methods of analysis whose primary interest is in the combination of cross-sectional studies for the determination of the marginal distribution of the outcome are particularly appropriate for biological processes where the effect of exposure is acute. Conditional models are particularly useful for investigating the effect of changes in exposure on changes in outcome at the individual level. In addition, conditional models incorporate a dampening effect of exposure that may provide a reasonable agreement with several biological mechanisms. The identification of susceptible individuals and the description of the behavior of their outcomes over time may be better accomplished by using the within-individual variance as the outcome of interest. Discrepancies of the within- and between-individual regressions may be suggestive of chronic effects, and methodological research in this area is needed. Studies of the health effects of ozone exposure need to address the incorporation of missing data, measurement error, and the combination of complementary studies.
Rendement diagnostique de la capsule endoscopique au cours des saignements digestifs obscurs chez la personne âgée et facteurs associés à la récidive à long terme: étude prospective multicentrique chez 76 patients
Authors: S Nahon, A Fleury, E Cuillerier, G d'Abrigeon, A Courillon Mallet, C Locher, T Morin, P Lahmek
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La capsule endoscopique (CE) fait partie des moyens d'exploration de l'intestin grêle dans le bilan des saignements digestifs obscurs (SDO). Les buts de cette étude prospective multicentrique étaient d'étudier 1) les caractéristiques et le rendement de la CE au cours des SDO occultes ou extériorisés chez la personne âgée et 2) les facteurs prédictifs de récidive.
lndium-111 Labeled Leukocyte Imaging in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Malignant Otitis Externa
Authors: SAMUEL H. MEHR, INGRID FRANZE, ROBERT M. FAULK, IRIS J. MOORE, MATHIS P. FRICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

ln-111 labeled autologous leukocyte imaging was performed on a patient with the clinical diagnosis of malignant otitis externa. This procedure is known to have a high sensitivity (up to 90%) for detecting infection and is of value in post-treatment follow-up, correlating well with the clinical resolution of the disease. Tc-99m HDP bone images remained positive well beyond the clinical resolution of the disease.
Light and scanning electron microscopic studies on wrinkles in aged persons' skin
Authors: T. TSUJI, T. YORIFUJI, Y. HAYASHI, T. HAMADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Wrinkles in six aged persons (67-82 years of age) have been investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There are two types of wrinkles. One is a deep wrinkle which develops on the sun-exposed skin and does not disappear on stretching (permanent wrinkle). The LM and SEM showed less elastotic change in the upper dermis in the area of wrinkle than in that of the surroundings. The other type is a shallow wrinkle which develops on sun-protected skin and disappears on stretching (temporary wrinkle). The LM and SEM showed the decrease or loss of the elastic fibres in the papillary dermis as seen in ageing skin.
A Multicenter Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Aberrant Crypt Foci
Authors: Matthew G. Mutch, Robert E. Schoen, James W. Fleshman, Christopher J.N. Rall, Sarah Dry, David Seligson, Aline Charabaty, David Chia, Asad Umar, Jaye Viner, Ernest Hawk, Paul F. Pinsky
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Differential effects of d-sotalol on normal and infarcted myocardium: an experimental study using epicardial mapping
Authors: K Freigang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the differential effects of the class III agent, d-sotalol, on conduction and refractoriness on normal and infarcted areas of the canine ventricle. Methods: Epicardial mapping studies were performed in 6 dogs 5–7 days after ligation of the left descending coronary artery using a specially designed patch electrode which contained 192 bipolar electrodes. Normal and infarcted areas were differentiated with respect to their macroscopic appearance and electrophysiological properties. Activation maps and local effective refractory periods (ERP) were determined before and after the administration of d-sotalol (1.5 mg/kg) at cycle lengths of 250, 300 and 350 ms. Results: Conduction and refractoriness were relatively homogeneous in the normal zone (NZ), contrasting with inhomogeneity in the infarct zone (IZ). In 2 dogs d-sotalol produced regional delay and block of conduction, exclusively in the IZ. The relative increase in refractoriness (ΔERP) after d-sotalol was significantly more pronounced in the IZ than in vs the NZ. In the NZ, ΔERP was most prominent at the longest (350 ms) and least prominent at the shortest (250 ms) basic pacing cycle lengths (11.5±2.8 vs. 7.3±1.4%; P<0.05). The effect of d-sotalol in the IZ was independent of the basic pacing cycle length. Conclusions:d-Sotalol preferentially prolonged refractoriness in the IZ of the canine ventricle. This effect and the lack of rate-dependence in the IZ could provide a possible explanation for both the potent antiarrhythmic and potential proarrhythmic effect of d-sotalol.
“Just not so stories”: Exaptations, spandrels, and constraints
Authors: Aurelio José Figueredo, Sarah Christine Berry
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

It is anthropomorphic to speak of Nature designing adaptations for a specific function, as if with conscious intent. Any effect constitutes an adaptive function if it contributes to survival and to reproduction. Natural selection is blind to what might have been the original function. Mutations arise by purest accident and are selected based on whatever fortuitous effects they might produce.
ABC of 1 to 7. Urinary tract infection.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONUrinary tract infection may affect about 5% of girls and 3% of boys and may be followed by hypertension or renal failure in adult life.If severe renal scarring is present, which is rare, it has usually occurred by the age of 5 years.Therefore early diagnosis and effective treatment are especially important in this age group, but the symptoms may be insidious and the interpretation of routine specimens of urine difficult. Clinical featuresThere may be lethargy, vomiting, slow weight gain, fever, dysuria, frequency, abdominal pain, or bed wetting but sometimes only fever.In ......
(18) Systemic mastocytosis
Authors: W.F.G. Tucker, C.I. Harrington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (18) Systemic mastocytosis Get access W.F.G. Tucker, Drs, W.F.G. Tucker, Drs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.I. Harrington C.I. Harrington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Pages 62–63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07713.x Published: 01 July 1986
A6-05: Clinicopathologic Implications of minimal genomic alteration regions (MAR) identified in non-small cell lung cancer by using whole genome array-CGH
Authors: Tae-Min Kim, Seung-Hun Shin, Mi-Seon Kwon, Hae-Dong Xu, Mi-Young Kim, Seung-Hyun Jung, Hye-Sun Choi, Yong-Bok Jeong, Jae-Kil Park, Yeun-Jun Chung
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
GATA-3 Promotes Maturation, IFN-γ Production, and Liver-Specific Homing of NK Cells
Authors: Sandrine I Samson, Odile Richard, Manuela Tavian, Thomas Ranson, Christian A.J Vosshenrich, Francesco Colucci, Jan Buer, Frank Grosveld, Isabelle Godin, James P Di Santo
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Abstract 3536: Roles of miR-215 and regulatory mechanisms for its biogenesis in response to hypoxia in glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Jing Hu, Tao Sun, Hui Wang, Pingping Wang, Xiang-Dong Fu, Qi-Jing Li, Xiao-Fan Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, which is highly resistant to conventional therapies. In GBM, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are critical for the tumor progression and resistance. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been reported to help maintain GSCs. However, the mechanism regulating responses of GSCs to hypoxia remains elusive. Abnormal microRNA processing is a contributing factor in various types of cancer including GBM. Using small RNA deep sequencing and Real-time PCR array, we found a group of miRNAs altered in the expression levels under hypoxia in the CD133+ GSCs. Further through a functional screen, we identified miR-215 as an important mediator for GSC growth and tumor progression in response to hypoxia. In addition, we also investigated the regulatory mechanisms for the biogenesis of the altered miRNAs under hypoxia. Interestingly, we found that hypoxia could regulate miRNA processing both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. These findings suggest that de-regulated miRNA biogenesis may have significant impacts on the activities of GSCs under hypoxia. Citation Format: Jing Hu, Tao Sun, Hui Wang, Pingping Wang, Xiang-Dong Fu, Qi-Jing Li, Xiao-Fan Wang. Roles of miR-215 and regulatory mechanisms for its biogenesis in response to hypoxia in glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3536. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3536
Survival Benefit of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Persons in Different CD4+ Cell Strata
Authors: Frank J. Palella, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Joan S. Chmiel, Anne C. Moorman, Kathleen C. Wood, Alan E. Greenberg, Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV-infected persons remains unclear. Objective: To assess survival benefit of initiating ART at different CD4+ cell counts. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: U.S. clinics in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS). Patients: HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts, plasma HIV RNA viral load, and ART use recorded from January 1994 through March 2002. Measurements: Before initiation of ART, patients were grouped by their CD4+ cell counts into three subgroups: 0.201 to 0.350 109 cells/L (n = 399), 0.351 to 0.500 109 cells/L (n = 327), and 0.501 to 0.750 109 cells/L (n = 122). We compared mortality rates for each CD4+ subgroup among patients who initiated ART and patients who delayed ART until reaching a lower CD4+ subgroup. Results: Mortality rates for 340 patients who initiated ART and 59 who delayed ART in the CD4+ subgroup of 0.201 to 0.350 109 cells/L were 15.4 and 56.4 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.55]; P < 0.001). For the CD4+ subgroup of 0.351 to 0.500 109 cells/L, mortality rates for 240 patients who initiated ART and 887 who delayed ART were 10.0 and 16.6 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 0.61 [CI, 0.22 to 1.67]; P = 0.17). For the CD4+ subgroup of 0.501 to 0.750 109 cells/L, mortality rates in 55 patients who initiated ART and 67 who delayed ART were 7.5 and 3.1 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 1.20 [CI, 0.17 to 8.53]; P > 0.2). Patients in the 0.201 to 0.350 109 cells/L and 0.351 to 0.500 109 cells/L CD4+ subgroups who initiated ART were more likely than those who delayed ART to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Among HIV-infected persons with CD4+ cell counts of 0.201 to 0.350 109 cells/L, initiating ART is associated with reduced mortality compared with delaying such therapy. Survival benefits of earlier ART initiation (at CD4+ cell counts of 0.351 to 0.500 109 cells/L) are possible. *For the HOPS Investigators, see Appendix.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) –Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells for the Immunotherapy of HER2-Positive Sarcoma
Authors: Nabil Ahmed, Vita S. Brawley, Meenakshi Hegde, Catherine Robertson, Alexia Ghazi, Claudia Gerken, Enli Liu, Olga Dakhova, Aidin Ashoori, Amanda Corder, Tara Gray, Meng-Fen Wu, Hao Liu, John Hicks, Nino Rainusso, Gianpietro Dotti, Zhuyong Mei, Bambi Grilley, Adrian Gee, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, Winfried S. Wels, Lisa L. Wang, Peter Anderson, Stephen Gottschalk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose The outcome for patients with metastatic or recurrent sarcoma remains poor. Adoptive therapy with tumor-directed T cells is an attractive therapeutic option but has never been evaluated in sarcoma. Patients and Methods We conducted a phase I/II clinical study in which patients with recurrent/refractory human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive sarcoma received escalating doses (1 × 10 4 /m 2 to 1 × 10 8 /m 2 ) of T cells expressing an HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor with a CD28.ζ signaling domain (HER2-CAR T cells). Results We enrolled 19 patients with HER2-positive tumors (16 osteosarcomas, one Ewing sarcoma, one primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and one desmoplastic small round cell tumor). HER2-CAR T-cell infusions were well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicity. At dose level 3 (1 × 10 5 /m 2 ) and above, we detected HER2-CAR T cells 3 hours after infusion by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 14 of 16 patients. HER2-CAR T cells persisted for at least 6 weeks in seven of the nine evaluable patients who received greater than 1 × 10 6 /m 2 HER2-CAR T cells (P = .005). HER2-CAR T cells were detected at tumor sites of two of two patients examined. Of 17 evaluable patients, four had stable disease for 12 weeks to 14 months. Three of these patients had their tumor removed, with one showing ≥ 90% necrosis. The median overall survival of all 19 infused patients was 10.3 months (range, 5.1 to 29.1 months). Conclusion This first evaluation of the safety and efficacy of HER2-CAR T cells in patients with cancer shows the cells can persist for 6 weeks without evident toxicities, setting the stage for studies that combine HER2-CAR T cells with other immunomodulatory approaches to enhance their expansion and persistence.
Mycotic Aneurysm Visualized on Technetium-99m Venogram
Authors: JOSEPH J. SKARZYNSKI, ANNE MOCKAPETRIS, HEE KYUNG LEE, MOHAN PERSAUD, EVANGELOS DIAKOUMAKIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A mycotic popliteal aneurysm was serendipitously identified while performing a Tc-99m labeled RBC venogram for thrombotic disease.
The world's deadliest animal
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Lions or tigers or bears? Oh, no



What is the most dangerous animal in the world? In the United States we seem to be obsessed with the great white shark, so much so that one television network has an annual “shark week” dedicated to nothing but stories about this fabled killer. The reality, though, is that sharks kill only about 10 or 20 people a year worldwide.

Africa has many really dangerous big animals. Take your pick from lions, elephants, cape buffalos, crocodiles, or hippos. None actually stalks people, but each of these species is responsible for up to a few hundred human deaths a year.

What about the poisonous creatures? Yes, there are all kinds of deadly exotic species, ranging from the box jellyfish, with enough toxin in each of its 60 tentacles to kill 60 people, to the poison dart frog, whose slimy neurotoxin has the power to kill 10 men. They don’t get around much, though, and are responsible for only a scattering of human deaths.

The animal that comes closest to fulfilling our nightmare expectations is the …
Clues about the Genetic Basis of Adaptation Emerge from Comparing the Proteomes of Two Ostreococcus Ecotypes (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)
Authors: S. Jancek, S. Gourbiere, H. Moreau, G. Piganeau
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

We compared the proteomes of two picoplanktonic Ostreococcus unicellular green algal ecotypes to analyze the genetic basis of their adaptation with their ecological niches. We first investigated the function of the species-specific genes using Gene Ontology databases and similarity searches. Although most species-specific genes had no known function, we identified several species-specific functions involved in various cellular processes, which could be critical for environmental adaptations. Additionally, we investigated the rate of evolution of orthologous genes and its distribution across chromosomes. We show that faster evolving genes encode significantly more membrane or excreted proteins, consistent with the notion that selection acts on cell surface modifications that is driven by selection for resistance to viruses and grazers, keystone actors of phytoplankton evolution. The relationship between GC content and chromosome length also suggests that both strains have experienced recombination since their divergence and that lack of recombination on the two outlier chromosomes could explain part of their peculiar genomic features, including higher rates of evolution.
The Neuropsychology of Human Memory
Authors: L R Squire
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1982)

In agreement with the neuropsychological findings, available anatomical data from patients with diencephalic or bitemporal amnesia suggest that these amnesias need not result from damage to a single functional system. In the case of diencephalic amnesia, the mammillary bodies and the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus have been implicated, but it is not yet clear which structure deserves the greater emphasis. In the case of bitemporal amnesia, the evidence suggests that the hippocampal formation plays a crucial role in memory functions; the possibility also needs to be considered that the hippocampal formation and amygdala may function conjointly in this regard. An alternative possibility that temporal stem damage is responsible for amnesia now seems quite unlikely.
Mechanism of estrogenic action in acromegaly
Authors: Ernest Schwartz, Elsa Echemendia, Martin Schiffer, Vincent A. Panariello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

In four acromegalic patients, estrogen therapy did not significantly alter the mean values of basal radioimmunoassayable plasma growth hormone. In two patients, estrogen therapy did not qualitatively alter the lack of reduction of plasma growth hormone levels after oral administration of glucose, nor did it reduce in these patients the response of plasma growth hormone to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In one of the patients, insulin sensitivity with respect to glucose and the hypoglycemia-induced growth hormone rise seemed greater during estrogen therapy. Despite the absence of demonstrable reductions inplasma growth hormone level under varying experimental circumstances, the administration of estrogen resulted in reduction of urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion, in reduction of radiocalcium bone accretion rates and exchangeable pools, in reduction of serum phosphorus, and in more negative nitrogen balances. The experimental data therefore suggest that estrogen may be a peripheral antagonist of the effects of excessive growth hormone secretion in acromegaly.
13. In Vivo Stable Transduction of Humanized Liver Tissue in Chimeric Mice Via High-Capacity Adenovirus-Lentivirus Hybrid Vector
Authors: Shuji Kubo, Miho Kataoka, Chise Tateno, Donna J. Palmer, Philip Ng, Katsutoshi Yoshizato, Noriyuki Kasahara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Abstract We developed hybrid vectors employing high-capacity adenovirus as a first-stage carrier encoding all the components required for in situ production of a second-stage lentivirus, thereby achieving stable transgene expression in secondary target cells. Such vectors have never previously been tested in normal tissues, because of the scarcity of suitable in vivo systems permissive for second-stage lentivirus assembly. Here we employed a novel murine model in which endogenous liver tissue is extensively reconstituted with engrafted human hepatocytes, and successfully achieved stable transduction by the second-stage lentivirus produced in situ from first-stage adenovirus. This represents the first demonstration of the functionality of adenoviral-lentiviral hybrid vectors in a normal parenchymal organ in vivo.
Useful in which patients?
Authors: Andrew Moore, Sheena Derry, Grace McGeogh
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population. <h3>Design</h3> This is a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the relationship between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population. <h3>Data sources</h3> Relevant studies were identified through a literature search in Medline, Embase and Web of Science from 1st January 1980 to 31st January 2019. Eligibility criteria: original studies published in peer-reviewed journals investigating the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer and/or adenoma in Asian countries. <h3>Data extraction and synthesis</h3> Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Study-specific ORs were pooled using a random-effects model. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed with generalised least squares regression. We applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. <h3>Results</h3> The eight included studies encompassed a total of 2916 cases and 6678 controls. The pooled ORs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of blood circulating vitamin D levels was 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97) up to 36.5 ng/mL in the Asian population. There was heterogeneity among the studies (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup>=53.9%, <i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub>=0.034). The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linear relationship (<i>P</i><sub>non-linearity</sub>=0.11). An increment of 16 ng/mL in blood circulating vitamin D level corresponded to an OR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.97). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this meta‐analysis indicate that blood circulating vitamin D level is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Asian countries. The dose-response meta-analysis shows that the strength of this association among the Asian population is similar to that among the Western population. Our study suggests that the Asian population should improve nutritional status and maintain a higher level of blood circulating vitamin D.