tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Possible Involvement of Parasympathetic Neuropathy on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shinichiro Takayama, Hiroshi Sakura, Kozo Katsumori, Taro Wasada, Yasuhiko Iwamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

We reported that insulin sensitivity is inhibited by interruption of the hepatic parasympathetic reflex by surgical denervation of the liver or pharmacological blockade of the cholinergic neurotransmitter in rats (123). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that parasympathetic neuropathy is associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.

At the present time, only one method is available to directly measure autonomic nerve activity (4), and there are no methods available to measure hepatic parasympathetic nerve activity in humans. Thus, we used the deep breathing test to evaluate a cardiovascular parasympathetic nerve function. Hepatic parasympathetic neuropathy will often occur in parallel with cardiovascular parasympathetic neuropathy, because diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a systemic distal polyneuropathy.

A total of 42 patients …
Lack of long term prognostic significance of infarct-related artery patency at late (⪢ 1 month) angiography after acute myocardial infarction in medically-treated patients. An incentive for early recanalization after myocardial infarction
Authors: Romain Cador, Nicolas Danchin, Michaël Angloï, Olivier Dibon, Christine Selton-Suty, Yves Juillière, Etienne Aliot, François Cherrier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A Noninvasive Approach for Assessing Tumor Hypoxia in Xenografts: Developing a Urinary Marker for Hypoxia
Authors: Daniel W. Nelson, Hongbin Cao, Yonghua Zhu, Bulbin Sunar-Reeder, Clara Y.H. Choi, James D. Faix, J. Martin Brown, Albert C. Koong, Amato J. Giaccia, Quynh-Thu Le
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia modifies the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapy and promotes malignant tumor progression. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein secreted during pregnancy that has been used to monitor tumor burden in xenografts engineered to express this marker. We adapted this approach to use urinary β-hCG as a secreted reporter protein for tumor hypoxia. We used a hypoxia-inducible promoter containing five tandem repeats of the hypoxia-response element (HRE) ligated upstream of the β-hCG gene. This construct was stably integrated into two different cancer cell lines, FaDu, a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and RKO, a human colorectal cancer cell line. In vitro studies showed that tumor cells stably transfected with this plasmid construct secrete β-hCG in response to hypoxia or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) stabilizing agents. The hypoxia responsiveness of this construct can be blocked by treatment with agents that affect the HIF-1α pathways, including topotecan, 1-benzyl-3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)indazole (YC-1), and flavopiridol. Immunofluorescent analysis of tumor sections and quantitative assessment with flow cytometry indicate colocalization between β-hCG and 2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide (EF5) and β-hCG and pimonidazole, two extrinsic markers for tumor hypoxia. Secretion of β-hCG from xenografts that contain these stable constructs is directly responsive to changes in tumor oxygenation, including exposure of the animals to 10% O2 and tumor bed irradiation. Similarly, urinary β-hCG levels decline after treatment with flavopiridol, an inhibitor of HIF-1 transactivation. This effect was observed only in tumor cells expressing a HRE-regulated reporter gene and not in tumor cells expressing a cytomegalovirus-regulated reporter gene. The 5HRE β-hCG reporter system described here enables serial, noninvasive monitoring of tumor hypoxia in a mouse model by measuring a urinary reporter protein.
IgG antibody against formaldehyde human serum proteins: A comparison with other IgG antibodies against inhalant proteins and reactive chemicals
Authors: R PATTERSON, M DYKEWICZ, R EVANSIII, L GRAMMER, P GREENBERGER, K HARRIS, I LAWRENCE, J PRUZANSKY, M ROBERTS, M SHAUGHNESSY
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1989)
Non-invasive diagnosis needed
Authors: P. Hoddinott
Journal: BMJ (2009)

My personal story of self diagnosed gluten intolerance is very similar to that of Jocelyn Anne Silvester -if you omit the barium investigations and substitute cholecystectomy (probably unnecessary).I had a positive family history of presentation in mid 40's, a negative endomysial antibody test and after several deliberate and inadvertent gluten challenges I decided not to proceed with a biopsy as I did not want to suffer needlessly for a test which would adhere to the guidelines, but would not alter my management.I too would have needed to take time off work if I had resumed a gluten diet.Fortunately, I had a specialist who supported me in this decision.As a GP, I am identifying more cases than previously and more patients are presenting with self diagnosis.However I feel a hypocrite when I reiterate the current recommendation of remaining on a normal diet until biopsy -knowing that this often entails weeks of unnecessary suffering and that I did not follow this recommendation myself.Is it not time for more consideration to be given to non-invasive methods of prompt diagnosis?
THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: CHARLES H. EYERMANN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The term asthma is one which has been rather loosely applied to all conditions in which dyspnea is a pronounced symptom, but we can now obtain sufficient evidence to restrict its use to the affection known as bronchial or spasmodic asthma; in other words, to that condition characterized by dyspnea, the result of allergenic reaction.  The accumulated knowledge of the last ten years is greatly in favor of hypersensitiveness as the basic factor. It is not germane to the present purpose to discuss the pioneer work which placed bronchial asthma on an allergenic basis. At least from a clinical standpoint, the evidence is too overwhelming to deny the existence of this association, so it is desired to emphasize those factors that should be considered before applying the term asthma to a given condition.  THE HISTORY OF SIMILAR SYMPTOMS IN THE ANTECEDENTS  Longcope1believes there is an apparent definite tendency
Contrasting Professional Views on Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease
Authors: Henry Blackburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

There is clearly more to the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease in all its manifestations than just fatty arteries, but if we assume the validity of the general relation of the disease to atherosclerosis where do we stand with respect to its pathogenesis and prevention? Two strikingly polar attitudes persist on this subject, with much talk from each and little listening between. These I like to call the "academic" and the "pragmatic" views.1 An attempt is made here to characterize these attitudes briefly because they now dominate cardiologic thought and affect diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, as well as cardiovascular researches . . .
907 INCREASED RISK WITH COMBINATION OF TELBIVUDINE AND PEGYLATED-INTERFERON ALFA-2A IN STUDY CLDT600A2406, COMPARED TO UNCOMMON RATE WITH TELBIVUDINE MONOTHERAPY FROM THE NOVARTIS GLOBAL DATABASE
Authors: J. Goncalves, R. Laeufle, C. Avila
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Brain Regions Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Naoya Hattori, Ichiro Yabe, Kenji Hirata, Tohru Shiga, Ken Sakushima, Sachiko Tsuji-Akimoto, Hidenao Sasaki, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Purpose Cognitive impairment is a representative neuropsychiatric presentation that accompanies Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to localize the cerebral regions associated with cognitive impairment in patients with PD using quantitative SPECT. Patients and Methods Thirty-two patients with PD (mean [SD] age, 75 [8] years; 25 women; Hoehn-Yahr scores from 2 to 5) underwent quantitative brain SPECT using 123I iodoamphetamine. Parametric images of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were spatially normalized to the standard brain atlas. First, voxel-by-voxel comparison between patients with PD with versus without cognitive impairment was performed to visualize overall trend of regional differences. Next, the individual quantitative rCBF values were extracted in representative cortical regions using a standard region-of-interest template to compare the quantitative rCBF values. Results Patients with cognitive impairment showed trends of lower rCBF in the left frontal and temporal cortices as well as in the bilateral medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices in the voxel-by-voxel analyses. Region-of-interest–based analysis demonstrated significantly lower rCBF in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices (right, 25.8 [5.5] vs 28.9 [5.7] mL per 100 g/min, P < 0.05; left, 25.8 [5.8] vs 29.1 [5.7] mL per 100 g/min, P < 0.05) associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions Patients with cognitive impairment showed lower rCBF in the left frontal and temporal cortices as well as in the bilateral medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices. The results suggested dysexecutive function as an underlining mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with PD.
High-throughput sequencing identifies STAT3 as the DNA-associated factor for p53 - NF-kappaB - complex-dependent gene expression in human heart failure
Authors: Mun-Kit Choy, Mehregan Movassagh, Lee Siggens, Ana Vujic, Martin Goddard, Ana Sánchez, Neil Perkins, Nichola Figg, Martin Bennett, Jason Carroll, Roger Foo
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Genome-wide maps of DNA regulatory elements and their interaction with transcription factors may form a framework for understanding regulatory circuits and gene expression control in human disease, but how these networks, comprising transcription factors and DNA-binding proteins, form complexes, interact with DNA and modulate gene expression remains largely unknown.Using microRNA-21 (mir-21), which is an example of genes that are regulated in heart failure, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to determine the occupancy of transcription factors at this genetic locus. Tissue ChIP was further performed using human hearts and genome-wide occupancies of these transcription factors were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.We show that the transcription factor p53 piggy-backs onto NF-kappaB/RELA and utilizes the kappaB-motif at a cis-regulatory region to control mir-21 expression. p53 behaves as a co-factor in this complex because despite a mutation in its DNA binding domain, mutant p53 was still capable of binding RELA and the cis-element, and inducing mir-21 expression. In dilated human hearts where mir-21 upregulation was previously demonstrated, the p53-RELA complex was also associated with this cis-element. Using high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed genome-wide binding sites for the p53-RELA complex in diseased and control human hearts and found a significant overrepresentation of the STAT3 motif. We further determined that STAT3 was necessary for the p53-RELA complex to associate with this cis-element and for mir-21 expression.Our results uncover a mechanism by which transcription factors cooperate in a multi-molecular complex at a cis-regulatory element to control gene expression.
Dementia is being avoided in NHS and social care
Authors: A. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<b>1880</b> <h3><b>Learning Objectives</b></h3> 1. To review characteristics of various nanoparticles. 2. To review the role of different nanoagents used in diagnosis of cancer. 3. To discuss different techniques for diagnosis of cancer. <h3></h3> By emergence of nanoparticles and their applicability in medical field, a new horizon has been opened for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancers. Nanoparticles are small sized structures with customizable characteristics such as shape, composition, charge, and surface properties, which enables them to carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances via various administration methods to the body. Conjugation with radiolabeled compounds enables the nanoparticles to become a sensitive imaging technique. In this review we will discuss: In this review we will discuss: 1. Applications of nanoparticles in cancer imaging 2. Radioisotopes and radiolabeling methods a. PET radioisotopes b. SPECT radioisotopes 3. Characteristics of radiolabeled nanoparticles a. Organic nanoparticles b. Inorganic nanoparticles 4. Multimodality molecular imaging of cancer a. PET/NIRF b. SPECT/NIRF c. PET/MR d. SPECT/MR e. PET/MR/Optical f. SPECT/MR/Optical
[443] HIGH DOSE INTERFERON-ALPHA INDUCTION THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PROFOUND LOSS OF IL-2 AND IFN-y SECRETING HCV SPECIFIC T-CELLS
Authors: H.C. Gelderblom, I.S. Humphreys, H.W. Reesink, M.G. Beld, R.A. Van Lier, P. Klenerman, E.J. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Congenital factor XIII deficiency associated with von willebrand disease
Authors: B. Grand, A. Blanco, D. Riveros, A. Ventura, N. Maugeri, A. Woods, M. Lazzari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A boy with umbilical bleeding and severe hemorrhages after minor trauma, without family bleeding history, was studied. Coagulation tests showed abnormalities in FXIII subunits and FVIII/vWF complex. Both parents presented results compatible with a heterozygote state for FXIII deficiency and the father had abnormalities of FVIII/vWF. The propositus was diagnosed as congenital FXIII deficiency associated with vWD. No severe hemorrhagic complication was observed after a prophylactic regimen with cryoprecipitates.
THE DUMB-BELL INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS.A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A NEW MECHANICAL DEVICE AND A NEW METHOD FOR EITHER INTESTINAL APPROXIMATION OR ANASTOMOSIS WITH THE STOMACH.
Authors: JOSEPH B. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The numerous methods of suturing that are described and the various mechanical devices that are demonstrated, even in our recent standard text-books of surgery, prove that the ideal method for intestinal approximation of anastomosis has not been discovered. Some of the methods of suturing have been successfully used by surgeons in a series of cases until they were almost ready to declare the method all that could be desired, when a sad accident occurred and the postmortem showed a defect in its workings. The same may be truthfully said of all the mechanical devices up to the present time. The new method of operating and the new device here explained is the result of a year's work. I began with the idea that, in an end to end approximation of an intestine or an anastomosis of the intestine with the stomach, either where the severed end is used to make
Continuous Negative Chest-Wall Pressure
Authors: Shyamal K. Sanyal
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Continuous negative pressure (CNP) around the chest-wall and lower parts of the body was used to treat progressively alveolar disease. Therapy with CNP produced a substantial increase in arterial oxygen tension that was sustained and permitted a decrease in oxygen requirements to 40% within 24 hours. There were concomitant decreases in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt and respiratory frequency. During CNP therapy, no adverse effects on heart rate or blood pressure were detected.
Synergistic Activity of Suramin With Tumor Necrosis Factor and Doxorubicin on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: J. P. Fruehauf, C. E. Myers, B. K. Sinha
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We evaluated the action of suramin, doxorubicin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on the testosterone-responsive human prostate cell line LNCaP and on the testosterone-independent human prostate cell line PC-3. The synergistic action of these agents in combination was tested by the Chou and Talalay method (quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships) to determine whether in vitro doses were active at levels safely achieved in vivo. The action of suramin was potentiated threefold by doxorubicin for the PC-3 line and seven-fold by doxorubicin for the LNCaP line. Both the suramin-TNF-alpha and the doxorubicin-TNF-alpha combinations showed synergistic action against the LNCaP line. Synergistic activity was noted at drug concentrations routinely achieved clinically. This study demonstrates that suramin, doxorubicin, and TNF-alpha are active agents against prostate cancer cell lines and that their activity can be enhanced when they are used in combination.
Impact of impinging wall jet on color Doppler quantification of mitral regurgitation.
Authors: C G Chen, J D Thomas, J Anconina, P Harrigan, L Mueller, M H Picard, R A Levine, A E Weyman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND In clinical color Doppler examinations, mitral regurgitant jets are often observed to impinge on the left atrial wall immediately beyond the mitral valve. In accordance with fluid dynamics theory, we hypothesized that a jet impinging on a wall would lose momentum more rapidly, undergo spatial distortion, and thus have a different observed jet area from that of a free jet with an identical flow rate. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis in vivo, we studied 44 patients with mitral regurgitation--30 with centrally directed free jets and 14 with eccentrically directed impinging wall jets. Maximal color jet areas (cm2) (with and without correction for left atrial size) were correlated with mitral regurgitant volumes, flow rates, and fractions derived from pulsed Doppler mitral and aortic forward flows. The groups were compared by analysis of covariance. Mean +/- SD mitral regurgitant fraction, regurgitant volume, and mean flow rate averaged 37 +/- 17%, 3.06 +/- 2.65 l/min, and 147 +/- 118 ml/sec, respectively. The maximal jet area from color Doppler imaging correlated relatively well with the mitral regurgitant fraction in the patients with free mitral regurgitant jets (r = 0.74, p less than 0.0001) but poorly in the patients with impinging wall jets (r = 0.42, p = NS). Although the mitral regurgitant fraction was larger (p less than 0.05) in patients with wall jets (44 +/- 20%) than in those with free jets (33 +/- 15%), the maximal jet area was significantly smaller (4.78 +/- 2.87 cm2 for wall jets versus 9.17 +/- 6.45 cm2 for free jets, p less than 0.01). For the same regurgitant fraction, wall jets were only approximately 40% of the size of a corresponding free jet, a difference confirmed by analysis of covariance (p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with mitral regurgitation frequently have jets that impinge on the left atrial wall close to the mitral valve. Such impinging wall jets are less predictable and usually have much smaller color Doppler areas in conventional echocardiographic views than do free jets of similar regurgitant severity. Jet morphology should be considered in the semiquantitative interpretation of mitral regurgitation by Doppler color flow mapping. Future studies of the three-dimensional morphology of wall jets may aid in their assessment.
TCT-195 Impact of Total Stent Length on Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Biolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stent
Authors: Takashi Hiromasa, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Kaoru Goya, Takenori Domei, Makoto Hyodo, Kensuke Ohe, Yohei Kobayashi, Takashi Morinaga, Shinichi Shirai, Koyu Sakai, Kenji Ando, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masashi Iwabuchi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE TREATMENT OF CONTRACTURES AT THE KNEES
Authors: JOHN PRENTISS LORD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

My purpose in this presentation is to call attention to the incidence of deformities and disabilities of the knees, which could very often be lessened or prevented by an earlier recognition of the potential dangers incident to the indifferent management and lack of mechanical treatment, in cases of paralysis, arthritis and other causes of knee contractures.  It is not my purpose to discuss knee contractures of all kinds. The discussion of spastic contracture, for instance, would lead us too far afield. Nor is it my purpose to cover this subject in its many phases. The flexed knees due to neurologic disease and cicatrixes from burns will not be individually considered for obvious reasons.  The contractures of the knees which are very frequently encountered by the orthopedic surgeon are the result of infantile paralysis which has left the strong flexors to overcome, more or less completely, the paralyzed extensors. The degrees
Perils of Rapid Induction Techniques
Authors: R. D. Bastron
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One of the important changes and presumed improvements in anesthesia in recent years has been increased facility of induction. The improvement has resulted from increased understanding concerning anesthetic equipment, vaporization, uptake of agents, and development of new agents. As a result of the change, the once-familiar excitement phase or prolonged induction or both have become infrequent occurrences. The rapid induction avoids much unpleasantness for patients and it facilitates busy operating schedules. The undesirable events of coughing, vomiting, laryngospasm, and other forms of physiologic trespass accruing to light anesthesia are minimized when rapid inductions are properly utilized. This improvement, however, has not been developed without some accompanying hazard. Administration of lethal drugs at rapid rates while the evidences of drug effect are masked is a hazardous adventure. The induction of anesthesia in this situation can be accomplished much faster than the administrator can note and then correct any errors he may
The Use of Iodine as a Thyroidal Blocking Agent in the Event of a Reactor Accident
Authors: David V. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In the event of a nuclear reactor accident, radioactive materials could be released into the environment: radioisotopes of iodine could constitute a major component of such a release. Upon such exposure, radioiodines could enter the body and accumulate in an unprotected thyroid gland where they would remain for varying periods of time. A number of methods have been proposed to protect those at risk of exposure. Administration of thyroid-blocking agents (such as potassium iodide) to exposed populations could be effective, but their use has raised a number of questions since there are considerable gaps in the scientific information available about the possible effects of low-level radiation from radioiodine. In addition, there are only limited data available about potential toxic side effects of potassium iodide distributed widely to large, unsupervised populations. Concern about these issues led the American Thyroid Association to appoint a committee of its members with special interest and competence in these areas to review the problems in detail and develop an advisory statement on the questions at issue for those to whom this matter might be of concern.