tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections—Reply
Authors: Anurag N. Malani, Bonita Singal, Carol A. Kauffman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safe Food: Bacteria, biotechnology, and bioterrorism
Authors: Katherine O’Doherty Jensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Book reviewcarefully documented cases, likely to prove useful to readers who approach the text with a view to making up their minds and irritating to those who feel themselves criticized.It is balanced in the sense that one cannot claim that Nestle disregards science-based arguments regarding the safety of food biotechnology, merely that she respects the legitimacy of value-based concerns about genetically modified foods.These include concerns with regard to the environment, health, and the rights of consumers to choose, which in turn impose demands regarding such issues as contamination, traceability, and labeling.Given the interests at stake in these issues, some readers may wish to interpret this stance as support for the anti-biotechnology lobby.This book should be read and discussed in university departments that prepare students for work in food-related fields.It introduces a range of safety concerns that should become salient issues of discussion in the classroom.Its weaker points include a somewhat narrow focus upon national issues.There is a tendency to equate government agencies with existing U.S. institutions, while suggesting in passing that control systems in some European countries are more effective; equally, there is a tendency to equate science with the natural as opposed to the social sciences, neglecting much relevant social research with regard to globalization, distribution networks, and consumption, as well as such issues as trust and accountability.No book, however, can reasonably be expected to cover the entire field.This one raises many important issues and does it well.
Only a few more deaths from vCJD likely in UK
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Relatively few further UK deaths from variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) associated with infections in the 1990s are likely, says research from Imperial College, London, published online last week in Journal of the Royal Society Interface (www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk, doi:10.1098/rsif.2004.0017).

The study was designed to assess the full extent of vCJD cases after previous research had given contradictory results. Recent trends in the incidence of vCJD seemed to show that the primary epidemic was in decline after the peak of 28 cases in 2000 fell to nine in 2004 (www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/figures.htm).

Projections …
Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations.
Authors: Z Chen, R Peto, R Collins, S MacMahon, J Lu, W Li
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between serum cholesterol concentration and mortality (from coronary heart disease and from other causes) below the range of cholesterol values generally seen in Western populations. DESIGN--Prospective observational study based on 8-13 years of follow up of subjects in a population with low cholesterol concentrations. SETTING--Urban Shanghai, China. SUBJECTS--9021 Chinese men and women aged 35-64 at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Death from coronary heart disease and other causes. RESULTS--The average serum cholesterol concentration was 4.2 mmol/l at baseline examination, and only 43 (7%) of the deaths that occurred during 8-13 years of follow up were attributed to coronary heart disease. There was a strongly positive, and apparently independent, relation between serum cholesterol concentration and death from coronary heart disease (z = 3.47, p less than 0.001), and within the range of usual serum cholesterol concentration studied (3.8-4.7 mmol/l) there was no evidence of any threshold. After appropriate adjustment for the regression dilution bias, a 4 (SD 1)% difference in usual cholesterol concentration was associated with a 21 (SD 6)% (95% confidence interval 9% to 35%) difference in mortality from coronary heart disease. There was no significant relation between serum cholesterol concentration and death from stroke or all types of cancer. The 79 deaths due to liver cancer or other chronic liver disease were inversely related to cholesterol concentration at baseline. CONCLUSION--Blood cholesterol concentration was directly related to mortality from coronary heart disease even in those with what was, by Western standards, a "low" cholesterol concentration. There was no good evidence of an adverse effect of cholesterol on other causes of death.
Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Serum Hormone Levels, Semen Quality Parameters, and Sperm DNA Damage
Authors: John D. Meeker, Tiffany Yang, Xiaoyun Ye, Antonia M. Calafat, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Parabens are commonly used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage processing. Widespread human exposure to parabens has been recently documented, and some parabens have demonstrated adverse effects on male reproduction in animal studies. However, human epidemiologic studies are lacking.We investigated relationships between urinary concentrations of parabens and markers of male reproductive health in an ongoing reproductive epidemiology study.Urine samples collected from male partners attending an infertility clinic were analyzed for methyl paraben (MP), propyl paraben (PP), butyl paraben (BP), and bisphenol A (BPA). Associations with serum hormone levels (n = 167), semen quality parameters (n = 190), and sperm DNA damage measures (n = 132) were assessed using multivariable linear regression.Detection rates in urine were 100% for MP, 92% for PP, and 32% for BP. We observed no statistically significant associations between MP or PP and the outcome measures. Categories of urinary BP concentration were not associated with hormone levels or conventional semen quality parameters, but they were positively associated with sperm DNA damage (p for trend = 0.03). When urinary BPA quartiles were added to the model, BP and BPA were both positively associated with sperm DNA damage (p for trend = 0.03). Assessment of paraben concentrations measured on repeated urine samples from a subset of the men (n = 78) revealed substantial temporal variability.We found no evidence for a relationship between urinary parabens and hormone levels or semen quality, although intraindividual variability in exposure and a modest sample size could have limited our ability to detect subtle relationships. Our observation of a relationship between BP and sperm DNA damage warrants further investigation.
THE EFFECT OF DIGESTIVE JUICES ON THE POTENCY OF BOTULINUS TOXIN
Authors: Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner, Monroe J. Schlesinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

Botulinus toxin resists a degree of acidity equivalent to that of the stomach even when exposed thereto for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. It is less resistant to alkali, however, as shown by the fact that in a medium of weakly alkaline reaction its potency is reduced to less than one-tenth in 24 hours. It is unaffected by peptic and tryptic digestion. Because of its instability in mildly alkaline solutions and resistance to acid, there is reason to believe that the toxin is in the main absorbed from the upper portion of the digestive tract; that is to say, from the stomach and upper duodenum.
No change in skin innervation in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis treated with tap-water iontophoresis
Authors: L. Wang, M. Hilliges, M. Gajecki, J. A. Marcusson, O. Johansson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article No change in skin innervation in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis treated with tap‐water iontophoresis Get access L. Wang, L. Wang Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hilliges, M. Hilliges Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gajecki, M. Gajecki Department of Dermatology, Huddinge Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. Marcusson, J. A. Marcusson Department of Dermatology, Huddinge Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Johansson O. Johansson Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 742–743, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb05004.x Published: 01 November 1994
Alfalfa Grass and Legume-Reply
Authors: Irwin J. Polk
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> There is much confusion about alfalfa, perhaps because there are two plants with this name—the grass (<i>Phleum pratense L</i>) and the legume (<i>Medicago sative L</i>). Obviously, allergic patients with legume sensitivities might be expected to react to the legume, and grass-sensitive patients may react to the grass. In the case of each of the four alfalfa tablets that we can identify by manufacturer, the content is identified only as alfalfa or alfalfa leaf, without indicating whether the source is grass or legume. In either case, there is no evidence of usefulness in the management of allergies, and the possibility of cross-sensitization does exist.
Spontaneous Abortion in a Danish Population-Based Cohort of Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Jeanette F. Winther, John D. Boice, Anne Louise Svendsen, Kirsten Frederiksen, Marilyn Stovall, Jørgen H. Olsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Radiation induces germ-cell mutations in experimental animals that result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, as does uterine damage caused by high-dose radiotherapy. We assessed the risks for spontaneous abortion and stillbirths among cancer survivors who received radiotherapy and subsequently became pregnant.We identified 1,688 female survivors of childhood cancer in the Danish Cancer Registry. Radiation doses to the ovary and uterus were characterized as high to low. The pregnancy outcomes of survivors, 2,737 sisters, and 16,700 comparison women in the population were identified from nationwide registries. The proportions of pregnancies among survivors that resulted in a livebirth, stillbirth, or abortion were compared with the equivalent proportions among the two comparison groups, and proportion ratios (PRs) were computed with sisters as referent.More than 34,000 pregnancies were evaluated, 1,479 of which were among cancer survivors. No significant differences were seen between survivors and comparison women in the proportions of livebirths, stillbirths, or all types of abortions combined. Survivors, however, had a 23% excess risk for spontaneous abortion (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.5), related primarily to prior radiation treatments (PR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2) and especially high-dose radiotherapy to the ovaries and uterus (PR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.7).The pregnancy outcomes of survivors were similar to those of comparison women. A slight excess risk for spontaneous abortion may have resulted from uterine damage after high-dose pelvic radiotherapy, consistent with previous studies, although radiation-induced germinal mutations or decreased hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function could not be ruled out.
The pollution pendulum
Authors: G. L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of Drug Formulation on OATP1B-Mediated Transport of Paclitaxel
Authors: Annemieke J.M. Nieuweboer, Shuiying Hu, Chunshan Gui, Bruno Hagenbuch, Inge M. Ghobadi Moghaddam-Helmantel, Alice A. Gibson, Peter de Bruijn, Ron H.J. Mathijssen, Alex Sparreboom
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Taxane antineoplastic agents are extensively taken up into hepatocytes by OATP1B-type transporters before metabolism and excretion. Because the biodistributional properties imposed upon these agents by different solubilizers drive clinically important pharmacodynamic endpoints, we tested the hypothesis that the in vitro and in vivo interaction of taxanes with OATP1B transporters is affected by the choice of drug delivery system. Transport of paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel was studied in vitro using various cell lines transfected with OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or the rodent equivalent OATP1B2. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in wild-type and OATP1B2-knockout mice in the presence or absence of polysorbate 80 (PS80) or Kolliphor EL (formerly Cremophor EL; CrEL). Paclitaxel and docetaxel, but not cabazitaxel, were transported substrates of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP1B2, and these in vitro transport processes were strongly reduced in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of PS80 and CrEL. When paclitaxel was administered without any solubilizers, deficiency of OATP1B2 in mice was associated with a significantly decreased systemic clearance because of a liver distribution defect (P=0.000484). However, this genotype dependence of paclitaxel clearance was masked in the presence of PS80 or CrEL because of significant inhibition of OATP1B2-mediated hepatocellular uptake of the drug (P<0.05). Our findings confirm the importance of OATP1B-type transporters in the hepatic elimination of taxanes and indicate that this process can be inhibited by PS80 and CrEL. These results suggest that the likelihood of drug-drug interactions mediated by these transporters is strongly dependent on the selected taxane solubilizer.
Emergency Medical Care in the Soviet Union
Authors: Patrick B. Storey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The Skoraya Meditsinskaya Pomosch in the Soviet Union is an attempt on a large scale to bring substantial medical service to the site of accident or serious illness. Its remarkable essential feature is a focus on getting the doctor to the patient as quickly as possible with everything he needs in the way of equipment and personnel. This report describes the underlying principles of this system, its organization and method of operation, and the structure, equipment, and personnel of the ambulances. It concludes with an analysis of the essential conceptual characteristics of the Skoraya as they affect the fields of trauma and emergency care, and as they influence the entire medical system of the Soviet Union. We suggest the need for a more detailed study of the Skoraya in terms of its actual beneficial outcomes in the prevention and management of emergency illness.
A Child with Phenotypic Laron Dwarfism and Normal Somatomedin Levels
Authors: Carlo Pintor, Sandro Loche, Silvano G. Cella, Eugenio E. Müller, Gerhard Baumann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE regulation of somatic growth is complex and requires a number of hormones, including growth hormone, somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I), thyroid hormones, insulin, and sex steroids. A new development in the area of human growth hormone is the discovery of circulating growth hormone–binding proteins,1 2 3 one of which appears to be a fragment of the growth hormone receptor.4 , 5 The precise role of the binding proteins in the regulation of growth is unknown, but they may be important, directly or indirectly, in growth, since the principal binding protein is absent in patients with Laron dwarfism6 , 7 and significantly decreased in African . . .
Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Humans
Authors: Raffaele Marfella, Katherine Esposito, Riccardo Giunta, Giuseppe Coppola, Lorenita De Angelis, Bartolomeo Farzati, Giuseppe Paolisso, Dario Giugliano
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We assessed the role of glucose and insulin in the regulation of circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in normal subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes.Plasma glucose concentrations were acutely raised in 10 normal subjects and 10 newly diagnosed, complication-free type 2 diabetic patients and maintained at 15 mmol/L for 2 hours. In normal subjects, plasma sICAM-1, but not sVCAM-1, levels rose significantly (P<0.01) at 1 hour and returned to basal values at 2 hours. In another study, octreotide was infused during the hyperglycemic clamp to block the release of endogenous insulin; this prevented the late fall of plasma sICAM-l levels observed in under control clamp conditions. The diabetic patients had plasma sICAM-1 levels significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of the control subjects; plasma sVCAM-1 levels were similar. Both sICAM-l and sVCAM-1 concentrations did not change significantly during the control hyperglycemic clamp; however, octreotide infusion increased plasma sICAM-1 levels, which remained significantly (P<0.05) above baseline during the whole clamp. In an additional 10 type 2 diabetic patients, overnight euglycemia (plasma glucose 5.5 mmol/L) obtained with the aid of an artificial pancreas or supplementation with l-arginine (10 g PO for 30 days), the natural precursor of NO, normalized the increased plasma sICAM-1 levels.Acute hyperglycemia increases circulating sICAM-1 levels in normal subjects, whereas the correction of hyperglycemia with insulin or l-arginine supplementation restored to normal levels the increased plasma sICAM-1 levels of type 2 diabetic patients.
THE VALUE OF SACRAL NERVE BLOCK ANESTHESIA IN OBSTETRICS
Authors: BARNET E. BONAR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Anesthesia is as justifiable in all obstetric cases as it is in surgical operations. The fundamental requirements of an obstetric anesthesia, however, are widely different from those for gynecologic operations, so that the anesthetics and their administration must likewise vary in order to meet these special requirements. The first consideration should be the general condition of the mother, much the same as of the patient in gynecologic operations. The possible influence of pulmonary, cardiac and renal lesions, as well as the toxemias of pregnancy, may determine the question of safety to the mother. The second consideration must be the influence of the anesthetic on the child, and lastly, the effect on the progress of labor. The employment of a possible local anesthetic in obstetrics should adequately fulfil the first and second of these requirements, and if it does not too greatly retard the progress of labor, its use should prove
Disruption of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Survivin Sensitizes Bcr-abl–Positive Cells to STI571-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Zhanxiang Wang, Janardhan Sampath, Seiji Fukuda, Louis M. Pelus
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The Bcr-abl oncogene induces hematopoietic cell transformation and protects cells from apoptosis; however, the mechanisms whereby Bcr-abl blocks apoptosis are poorly defined. We examined whether the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, in particular survivin, are regulated by Bcr-abl. Overexpression of Bcr-abl in Mo7e or BaF3 hematopoietic cells elevated survivin mRNA and protein concomitant with a 4-fold increase in survivin promoter activity. The region of the survivin promoter responding to Bcr-abl was narrowed down to a 116 bp fragment between nucleotides −1,194 and −1,078. The IAP family member IAP-like protein-2 was also up-regulated by Bcr-abl. Disruption of Bcr-abl in Bcr-abl–transduced BaF3 cells by small interfering RNA resulted in 3- to 4-fold reduction in survivin protein confirming the link between Bcr-abl and survivin. Survivin disruption in Bcr-abl–transduced Mo7e cells, or in K562 cells that endogenously express Bcr-abl, by transfection with dominant-negative or antisense survivin constructs promoted apoptosis induced by the Bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571, which was accompanied by caspase-dependent cleavage of Bcr-abl, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and enhanced mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Although ectopic survivin protected K562 cells from apoptosis induced by STI571, it did not protect cells from apoptosis induced either by tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the combination of TRAIL plus Hemin. Our results identify a new signal pathway downstream of Bcr-abl, in addition to the Bcl-2 family involved in the antiapoptotic effects of Bcr-abl, and suggest that anti-survivin therapy may have utility in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Investor-Owned or Nonprofit?
Authors: Richard L. O'Brien, Michael J. Haller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Teaching hospitals have entered a period of environmental change that threatens their ability to support education and research. Increased competition for patients, pressures from third-party payers to control the costs of hospital services, proposals by government to reduce or eliminate support of house staff training by Medicare, and the growing costs of the capital needed to replace and maintain plant and equipment are among the perils they face. Teaching hospitals are at a competitive disadvantage because of their higher costs, which derive not only from their educational and research functions but from the more complex care they provide. They also . . .