tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Kidney Disease in the Developing World
Authors: Rashad S. Barsoum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The attention being paid globally to chronic kidney disease is attributable to five factors: the rapid increase in its prevalence, the enormous cost of treatment, recent data indicating that overt disease is the tip of an iceberg of covert disease, an appreciation of its major role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and the discovery of effective measures to prevent its progression. These factors render chronic kidney disease an important focus of health care planning even in the developed world, but the problems they delineate in the developing world are far more challenging. Some 85 percent of the world's . . .
Cation Balance in Biological Systems
Authors: R. J. P. Williams, W. E. C. Wacker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A relationship between the intracellular concentration ratios [K+]/[Na+] and [Mg++]/[Ca++] has been found in a variety of cells and organelles. High values of the ratios are also associated with high phosphorus content of the cells. Reasons for the high internal K+ and Mg++ are given in terms of the different coordination chemistry of the four cations and the way in which the concentration ratios might be connected to energy-driven transport then follows. The high external Ca++ is utilized in stabilizing cell walls and in initiating extracellular reactions. Knowledge of eight variables, the concentrations of all four ions both inside and outside cells, is important in an understanding of electrolyte balance.
Dangers of Radio-translucent Dental Plates
Authors: E. Bowman, R. Grahame
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDBJRAL=a slightly older age group-6 weeks to 8 or 9 months.Rarely has it been necessary to use the largest, 15-mm., size bell.In most cases the 13-mm.size has been adequate.We found the method had great advan- tages over the usual surgical technique for the reasons discussed in the article, though in this age group a short general anaesthetic is necessary.One complication has, however, occurred in two cases in our group-namely, that the bell has worked its way up the penis instead of falling off after the separation of the remnant of preputial skin.The bell con- stricted the penis and caused oedema distal to the bell.This complication was treated by cutting through the plastic bell with scissors to remove it.The oedema then rapidly settled and the final result was excellent.We consider this complication is due to pushing the bell too far over the glans, perhaps further than the coronal sulcus, prior to tying the ligature.There have been no other complications and we are very satisfied with the results of this technique over this wider age group.-Iam, etc.,
The body pays a penalty for defying the law of gravity
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selective impairment of endothelium-mediated vasodilation in liver transplant recipients with cyclosporin A -induced hypertension
Authors: Agustín Albillos, Guillermo Cacho, César Barrios, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Irma Rossi, Juán Gómez-Arnau, María Pérez-Páramo, Jose Luis Calleja, Javier Muñoz, María-Teresa Torres, Rosa Daza, Valentín Cuervas-Mons, Pedro Escartín
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Arterial hypertension is commonly observed in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients receiving cyclosporin A (CsA), but the precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain partially unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelium-dependent and -independent dilation and adrenergic constriction of resistance vessels of OLT recipients treated with CsA. Vascular reactivity was examined in 22 OLT patients, 10 with and 12 without arterial hypertension, and in 10 control subjects by assessing the forearm blood flow response to the brachial artery infusion of increasing concentrations of methacholine chloride, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine. In 10 OLT patients, the response to methacholine was also examined after acetylsalicylate. The ratio of serum nitrite and nitrate to serum creatinine was lower ( P &lt; .05) in OLT patients with hypertension than in nonhypertensive patients and controls. Basal forearm flow was similar in the three groups. Methacholine vasodilation was impaired in the hypertensive patients as shown by a lower maximum forearm vasodilator response and a shift in the dose response curve to methacholine to the right compared with the nonhypertensive OLT patients and the controls. The response to methacholine was not modified after salicylate. Forearm flow response to nitroprusside was similar in the three groups. No differences between the patients and the controls were found in the maximum forearm flow contraction in response to phenylephrine. An impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation could mediate arterial hypertension in OLT patients immunosuppressed with CsA.
UN reports poor progress on millennium goals in Africa
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors' productivity data sent to trusts 116, 219newsroundup0807Trusts throughout England have this week been sent statistics from the Department of Health, which show the most and least productive doctors in five surgical and five medical specialties in their hospital.The data have been compiled by academics at the University of York's department of health sciences.In an article published in this week's Health Service Journal (2006;116(6013): 18-19) researchers point out that, between 2001 and 2005, the basic starting salary for NHS consultants increased by almost 50%."In most industries, employers would expect pay increases to be accompanied by improvements in 'productivity,'" they state."Although this is less usual in public services, the Department of Health must demonstrate to the Treasury and to voters that the new contract has delivered value for money."Charts showing the individual performance of consultants in 10 specialties are being sent to the NHS trust in which they work.They are based on finished consultant episodes, with the output adjusted for case mix.
Allergic bronchial asthma due to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus hypersensitivity can be efficiently treated by inoculation of allergen-antibody complexes.
Authors: J J Machiels, M A Somville, P M Lebrun, S J Lebecque, M G Jacquemin, J M Saint-Remy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Antigen-antibody complexes were made from allergens of the common house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) and an excess of purified autologous specific antibodies. These complexes have been used to treat Dpt-hypersensitive patients who suffered from chronic bronchial asthma. Clinical symptoms and medication intake were followed by filling in diary cards. Peak expiratory flow, measured four times a day, was also followed. Intradermal skin tests and bronchial challenge tests were performed with allergen together with an evaluation of nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Specific IgE and IgG antibodies were assayed after separation from the bulk of serum immunoglobulins by immunoadsorption. The study was carried out over two years according to a double-blind protocol. Intradermal inoculation of antigen-antibody complexes resulted in a marked reduction of both clinical and medication scores. No systemic side-effects were observed and only mild wheal and flare reactions were noted at the injection site. The treatment showed a drastic reduction of specific skin and bronchial reactivities with only marginal effects on nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Concentrations of specific IgE antibodies decreased significantly during the first weeks of treatment and remained at these lower values throughout the study. Specific IgG antibodies actually decreased in the majority of treated patients. The total amount of allergen used in this study was less than 1% of the amount currently used for conventional hyposensitization with the same allergen. These findings show that antigen-antibody complex inoculation is an efficient and safe means of treating allergic bronchial asthma and that the mechanism of action is likely to differ from conventional hyposensitization.
Early antibody response against hypervariable region 1 is associated with acute self-limiting infections of hepatitis C virus
Authors: A Zibert, H Meisel, W Kraas, A Schulz, G Jung, M Roggendorf
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Antibodies directed to hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have recently been shown to neutralize the corresponding HCV isolate in vitro. We analyzed the appearance of antibodies directed to HVR1 during the course of infection in a large group of patients who have been infected by the same isolate of a HCV contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin (HCV-AD78). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established using a synthetic peptide to detect antibodies against the main HVR1 variant of HCV-AD78. 207 sera obtained at different time points post infection (p.i.) of 51 patients having either acute self- limiting (n = 28) or chronic infection (n = 23) were studied. Antibodies directed to HVR1 were found at least at one time point during the infection course in 15 of 28 patients (53%) having acute self-limiting infections and in 17 of 23 patients (74%) with chronic disease. The time of appearance of anti-HVR1 was significantly different between these two patient groups (P < .025) although appearance and titers of other HCV-specific antibodies were found to be similar at early time points p.i. In acute self-limiting infections 9 of 21 sera (43%) of respective patients with sera available within the first 6 months p.i. were anti-HVR1 positive. The highest prevalence of anti-HVR1 in this group of patients was within month 6 to 12 p.i. (64%). None of the sera available after 24 months p.i. had such antibodies. In contrast, only 2 of 15 sera (13%) of chronically infected patients with respective time points of sera were anti-HVR1 positive within the first 6 months p.i. and only 5 of 18 sera (28%) were positive within month 7 to 12 p.i. Seven patients with chronic HCV infections showed at least two consecutive anti-HVR1 negative early time points up to month 18 p.i. Prevalence of anti-HVR1 after 24 months p.i. was high (84%) in this group of patients and most of the patients maintained high levels of anti-HVR1 for up to 17 years p.i. Our findings suggest clearance of virus by respective neutralizing antibodies resulting in a self-limiting infection and may have implications for prognosis of the disease and also for any future vaccine development.
Unitary Cl <sup>−</sup> Channels Activated by Cytoplasmic Ca <sup>2+</sup> in Canine Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Mei Lin Collier, Paul C. Levesque, James L. Kenyon, Joseph R. Hume
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Recent whole-cell studies have shown that Ca 2+ -activated Cl − currents contribute to the Ca 2+ -dependent 4-aminopyridine–insensitive component of the transient outward current and to the arrhythmogenic transient inward current in rabbit and canine cardiac cells. These Cl − -sensitive currents are activated by Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and are inhibited by anion transport blockers; however, the unitary single channels responsible have yet to be identified. We used inside-out patches from canine ventricular myocytes and conditions under which the only likely permeant ion is Cl − to identify 4-aminopyridine–resistant unitary Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channels. Ca 2+ applied to the cytoplasmic surface of membrane patches activated small-conductance (1.0 to 1.3 pS) channels. These channels were Cl − selective, with rectification properties that could be described by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz current equation. Channel activity exhibited time independence when cytoplasmic Ca 2+ was held constant and was blocked by the anion transport blockers, DIDS and niflumic acid. Ca 2+ (ranging from pCa ≥6 to pCa 3) applied to the cytoplasmic surface of inside-out patches increased, in a dose-dependent manner, NP o , where N is the number of channels opened and P o is open probability. At negative membrane potentials (−60 to −130 mV), an estimate of the dependence of NP o on cytoplasmic Ca 2+ yielded an apparent K d of 150.2 μmol/L. At pCa 3, an average channel density of ≈3 μm −2 was estimated. Calculations based on these estimates of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ sensitivity and channel current amplitude and density suggest that these small-conductance Cl − channels contribute significant whole-cell membrane current in response to changes in intracellular Ca 2+ within the physiological range. We suggest that these small-conductance Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channels underlie the transient Ca 2+ -activated 4-aminopyridine–insensitive current, which contributes to phase-1 repolarization, and under conditions of Ca 2+ overload, these channels may generate transient inward currents, contributing to the development of triggered cardiac arrhythmias.
Estimation of 10-Year Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Adults
Authors: Yangfeng Wu, Xiaoqing Liu, Xian Li, Ying Li, Liancheng Zhao, Zuo Chen, Yihe Li, Xuxu Rao, Beifan Zhou, Robert Detrano, Kiang Liu
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Stroke is much more prevalent than coronary heart disease in China; thus, any risk prediction model only for coronary heart disease may not be appropriate in application. Our objective is to develop a cardiovascular risk prediction model appropriate for the Chinese population.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to develop sex-specific optimal 10-year risk prediction models for ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD; including ischemic stroke and coronary events) from 17 years of follow-up data from the USA-PRC Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology cohort, in which 9903 participants were followed up every 2 years until 2000, and 371 ICVD events (266 strokes and 105 coronary heart disease events) occurred. The models showed ICVD was positively related to age, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, body mass index, current smoking status, and diabetes mellitus in both men and women. When the models were applied to the 17,329 participants in the China Multicenter Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology cohort, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.796+/-0.036 for men and 0.791+/-0.036 for women. The simplified point score model resulted in similar c statistics. Comparison of the observed with the estimated incidence of ICVD at different risk levels showed satisfactory precision. Meanwhile, application of recalibrated Framingham models significantly overestimated the coronary heart disease risk in both men (by approximately 97%) and women (by approximately 228%).The Cox regression prediction models and simplified point score model have satisfying predictive capability for estimating the 10-year integrated cardiovascular risk in Chinese, in whom stroke is the predominant cardiovascular disease.
Photoexcitation of tumor-targeted corroles induces singlet oxygen-mediated augmentation of cytotoxicity
Authors: Jae Youn Hwang, David J. Lubow, David Chu, Jessica Sims, Felix Alonso-Valenteen, Harry B. Gray, Zeev Gross, Daniel L. Farkas, Lali K. Medina-Kauwe
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
"A Doctor's Holiday.": Being the Oration delivered before the Medical Society of London, 1894
Authors: W. M. Ord
Journal: BMJ (1894)

d HOLIDAY."TM 2..[Kmga" JkyvzxAL 1117 mens of tile night-scented 8toc , well named Matthiola, or gIeoperis trist's, and to enjoy t e lively perfume of thoir flowers, richer and more delicate than tlle perfume of 'any day stock.Br day the plants were apparently but half alive, and the petals of the flower hung dow, shapeless, d'ing perple, and, as I manr perhapsi best express it, unkemjpt With night the plant toolc on a new light, and exhaled its exquisite odour.I wondered then, as I wonder still, what miglit be the meanin of this nocturnal activity of a pant.It is certi that, in the dav- time, plants bra up carbon dioxide, retain the carbon, and set free te oxygen.It is, probably, also true tliat when the sun's influence is absent theyaasorboxygen.How much of this is done by the foliage, and how much by the flowers, I do nlot know, but these plants have almost alwrays made me think that under a process of oxidation odours wer produced which could not beevolved whenl the growing lif of the plant was in progress.I suppose that it is certain that this erfume has for its real object the attrac- tion of moths, for tfepurpose of fertilisation.The craciferse genlemlly are, no doubt, capable of self-fertilisation, but, 'in the intereist of plants, cross-fertilisation is necessary.And so these plants, so unattractive in every way by day, appeal
Finding parametric representations of the cortical sulci using an active contour model
Authors: Marc Vaillant, Christos Davatzikos
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (1997)

The cortical sulci are brain structures resembling thin convoluted ribbons embedded in three dimensions. The importance of the sulci lies primarily in their relation to the cytoarchitectonic and functional organization of the underlying cortex and in their utilization as features in non-rigid registration methods. This paper presents a methodology for extracting parametric representations of the cerebral sulci from magnetic resonance images. The proposed methodology is based on deformable models utilizing characteristics of the cortical shape. Specifically, a parametric representation of a sulcus is determined by the motion of an active contour along the medial surface of the corresponding cortical fold. The active contour is initialized along the outer boundary of the brain and deforms toward the deep root of a sulcus under the influence of an external force field, restricting it to lie along the medial surface of the particular cortical fold. A parametric representation of the medial surface of the sulcus is obtained as the active contour traverses the sulcus. Based on the first fundamental form of this representation, the location and degree of an interruption of a sulcus can be readily quantified; based on its second fundamental form, shape properties of the sulcus can be determined. This methodology is tested on magnetic resonance images and it is applied to three medical imaging problems: quantitative morphological analysis of the central sulcus; mapping of functional activation along the primary motor cortex and non-rigid registration of brain images.
Hunger Strikes, Force-feeding, and Physicians' Responsibilities
Authors: Sondra S Crosby, Caroline M Apovian, Michael A Grodin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Studies of uric acid pool size and turnover rate.
Authors: J T Scott, V P Holloway, H I Glass, R N Arnot
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Labelled uric acid can be used to estimate the exchangeable pool size and turnover of uric acid in man.Benedict, Forsham, and Stetten (1949), Geren, Bendich, Bodansky, and Brown (1950), and Bishop, Garner, and Talbott (1951) used nitrogen-15 labelled uric acid: carbon-14 labelled uric acid has been used by S0rensen (1960) and by Seegmiller, Grayzel, Laster, and Liddle (1961), who discussed some of the possible limitations of the technique in relation to other mehods of assessing urate bio- synthesis and disposition.Pool size is usually estimated by extrapolation to zero time of the curve obtained by plotting the logarithm of the relative specific activity of uric acid
Moves to end cervical screening failures in England
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Moves to strengthen cervical screening in England were recommended this week by an action team set up after a series of screening failures; ministers declared that similar failures would be unacceptable in the future.

Compulsory accreditation of all laboratories is now in place; staff are being retrained; and smaller laboratories are being closed or are merging. The action team, under the chief medical officer, Sir …
Screening for NIDDM: Why is there no national program?
Authors: Maureen I Harris, Michaela Modan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major clinical and public health problem in the U. S. The prevalence of NIDDM is 7% among all adults and reaches over 20% among those 65–74 years of age (1–3). NIDDM and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1DDM) combined account for 50% of all nontraumatic amputations in the U. S., 15% of all blindness, and 35% of all end-stage renal disease (4). At least 50% of these events occur in NIDDM patients (5–7). Prevalence of neuropathy and ischemic heart disease in NIDDM and risk of death from cardiovascular disease is two to three times that of those without diabetes even after adjusting for other risk factors (8–13).
Marked hyperglycemia after androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and usefulness of pioglitazone for its treatment
Authors: Makiko Inaba, Yasushi Otani, Kazuo Nishimura, Natsuki Takaha, Akihiko Okuyama, Masafumi Koga, Junichi Azuma, Ichiro Kawase, Soji Kasayama
Journal: Metabolism (2004)