tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serial Hemodynamics after Renal Allotransplantation in Man
Authors: SAMUEL L. KOUNTZ, GARY TRUEX, LAURENCE E. EARLEY, FOLKERT O. BELZER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Serial measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), independent and simultaneous clearances and extractions of para-aminohippurate (PAH), radiohippuran, and iodopyracet (Diodrast) were made in 11 adults and one child who received renal transplants from living donors. Measurements were made within 3 hours and repeated two to four times during the following 14 days. Immediately after transplantation, PAH clearance averaged 385 ml/min (range, 218 to 510), GFR averaged 54 ml/min (range, 22 to 87), renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 672 ml/min (range, 309 to 1424), and marked vasodilatation was present with an average renal blood flow (RBF) of 979 ml/min (range, 435 to 2,114). As observed in other studies, immediate diuresis and natriuresis but no glycosuria occurred. Extraction ratios for PAH ( E PAH) were below normal, ranging from 0.59 to 0.94, and those for 125 (or 131) I-hippuran, and 131 I-Diodrast were even lower. Extraction ratio for PAH to radiohippuran averaged 1.43 in 17 simultaneous studies. However, RPF measured simultaneously with these agents was the same, indicating a true difference in transport of these substances. The low extraction ratio for PAH, 131 (or 125) I-hippuran and 131 I-Diodrast was not related to depression of the maximal tubular transport of PAH and may have been a consequence of vasodilatation and increased RBF. Another observation made on these kidneys was a low filtration fraction which averaged 0.089. These hemodynamic changes did not appear to relate to circulating factors in the anephric recipient since they persisted throughout the 13-day study period in eight patients. In four patients showing transient rejection, GFR and the clearance of PAH and 131 I-hippuran decreased proportionately more than RBF. It is concluded that marked vasodilatation and a low filtration fraction are characteristic of uncomplicated renal allotransplantation in man, and that early rejection is expressed by measurable decreases in the clearances of PAH and inulin despite maintenance of RBF. These changes were present prior to clinical evidence of rejection.
An evaluation and comparison of the early and late results of standardized Polya gastrectomy.
Authors: D Kemp
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT This is a late follow up of an important series of gastrectomies carried out in the London area.It is to be noted that in all the cases the main branch of the left gastric artery was tied which would probably mean an incidental division of the coeliac branch of the posterior vagus nerve.The results give an interesting standard against which to judge the vagotomy and selective vagotomy operations.In making such comparisons it must be borne in mind that the operative mortality recorded for gastrectomy is considerably below the average throughout the country.
Selective inhibition of T-type Ca2+ channels by Ro 40-5967.
Authors: S K Mishra, K Hermsmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The present study shows that the chemically novel nondihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, Ro 40-5967, blocks T-type divalent ion currents in vascular muscle cells. T-type Ca2+ channels were blocked selectively and completely by therapeutic concentrations of 1 to 10 mumol/L Ro 40-5967, at which there was only 25% to 70% block of L-type Ca2+ currents. Using the combination of Ro 40-5967 and nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine selective for L-type Ca2+ channels, we found that all Ca2+ current could be completely blocked; thus, Ro 40-5967 is the first Ca2+ channel blocker to eliminate dihydropyridine-insensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ current at therapeutically useful concentrations. The stepwise sequential block of T- and L-type Ca2+ currents demonstrated in the present study fulfills the functional criterion for the separate identity of the two Ca2+ channel types, and introduces a pharmacological tool that promises to be important in the exploration of T-type Ca2+ channel function.
The Varied Ultrasonic Character of Gallbladder Tumor
Authors: Michael Crade
Journal: JAMA (1979)

TUMOR of the gallbladder is rarely diagnosed preoperatively,<sup>1</sup>since clinical presentation and roentgenographic findings are generally indistinguishable from those of cholecystitis. Indeed, even at the time of surgery, the diagnosis is often missed because of surrounding inflammation.<sup>2</sup> The roentgenographic demonstration of a calcified wall or an irregular mural lesion on an oral cholecystogram should raise clinical suspicion of a tumor.<sup>3</sup>As illustrated by the case reports, ultrasound has also proved useful in preoperative identification of patients with gallbladder neoplasm. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 70-year-old jaundiced woman with vomiting and a 4.5-kg weight loss was found to have a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant and gastric outlet obstruction on plain abdominal roentgenograms. Ultrasound demonstrated a complex mass in the gallbladder fossa, without defining the lumen. Bile duct dilation was also noted (Fig 1). An adenocarcinoma obliterating the gallbladder and causing biliary obstruction was discovered
A Study of Intercellular Spaces in the Rabbit Jejunum during Acute Volume Expansion and after Treatment with Cholera Toxin
Authors: Donald R. DiBona, Lincoln C. Chen, Geoffrey W. G. Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effects of acute volume expansion and of intraluminal administration of cholera toxin have been examined in rabbit jejunum. Acute volume expansion was shown to reverse the normal reabsorptive flux of water and cause significant fluid secretion. Phase and electronmicroscopic examination of the jejunal epithelium showed that marked distension of the intercellular spaces had occurred. Examination of the jejunal epithelium after treatment with cholera toxin showed that, in association with high rates of fluid secretion, the intercellular spaces were extremely small and lateral membranes of adjacent cells were in close apposition to one another. Thus the mechanisms of fluid secretion in these two situations would appear to be quite different. The secretion associated with volume expansion, and accompanied by a rise in venous pressure and bullous deformations of terminal junctions, could well be due to hydrostatic pressure applied through intercellular channels. The secretion of cholera appears to be unrelated to hydrostatic pressure and is more likely due to body-to-lumen active ion transport.
DNA Methylation Alterations Exhibit Intraindividual Stability and Interindividual Heterogeneity in Prostate Cancer Metastases
Authors: Martin J. Aryee, Wennuan Liu, Julia C. Engelmann, Philipp Nuhn, Meltem Gurel, Michael C. Haffner, David Esopi, Rafael A. Irizarry, Robert H. Getzenberg, William G. Nelson, Jun Luo, Jianfeng Xu, William B. Isaacs, G. Steven Bova, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Prostate tumors develop a unique epigenetic DNA methylation signature that is clonally maintained in disseminated metastases.
Anesthesia of the Larynx in the Patient With a Full Stomach
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In the past decade a number of communications have been written concerning the danger of aspiration during the induction of general anesthesia in patients with full stomachs.<sup>1-7</sup>A review of the many techniques recommended to avoid this complication has been published recently by Weaver.<sup>7</sup>One of the frequently proposed safety measures is the insertion of a cuffed endotracheal tube prior to the induction of anesthesia. Although intubation performed with the patient awake certainly is one of the more reliable methods of avoiding aspiration, exception must be taken to the technique usually described for inserting the tube. It has been suggested that topical anesthesia of the larynx and trachea be performed to facilitate intubation of the adult patient. Though anesthesiologists differ as to whether percutaneous,<sup>7,8</sup>transoral,<sup>1</sup>or superior laryngeal block<sup>5</sup>should be used, they nevertheless agree that surface anesthesia of the laryngeal and tracheal mucosa is
Variant Philadelphia translocations: molecular-cytogenetic characterization and prognostic influence on frontline imatinib therapy, a GIMEMA Working Party on CML analysis
Authors: Giulia Marzocchi, Fausto Castagnetti, Simona Luatti, Carmen Baldazzi, Monica Stacchini, Gabriele Gugliotta, Marilina Amabile, Giorgina Specchia, Mario Sessarego, Ursula Giussani, Laura Valori, Giancarlo Discepoli, Anna Montaldi, Alessandra Santoro, Laura Bonaldi, Giovanni Giudici, Anna Maria Cianciulli, Francesca Giacobbi, Francesca Palandri, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Baccarani, Gianantonio Rosti, Nicoletta Testoni
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract 2358: ERK1/2 regulation of CD44 modulates aggressiveness in a new mouse model of oral cancer
Authors: Ravindra Uppaluri, Nancy Judd, Ashley Winkler, Jonathan Law, Oihana Murillo-Sauca, John Sunwoo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Carcinogen-induced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) causes significant morbidity and mortality and constitutes a global health challenge. To gain further insight into this disease, six unique C57BL/6 mouse OSCC cell lines were generated from 7,12-dimethylbenz(≥)anthracene (DMBA) induced murine primary OSCCs. The cell lines were designated as mouse oral cancer (MOC1, 2, 7, 10, 22 and 23) and 5/6 (excluding MOC23) formed tumors when transplanted into immunocompetent wild-type (WT) mice. Analyses of tumor growth in mice showed that MOC2, MOC7 and MOC10 grew more rapidly and metastasized to regional lymph nodes, while MOC1 and MOC22 grew much slower and did not metastasize. This aggressive growth was correlated with ERK1/2 activation, which in addition, was found to induce CD44 expression- a molecule whose expression is associated with EMT and putative cancer stem cells. Inhibiting MEK, the upstream activator of ERK1/2, led to decreased CD44 expression and promoter activity and also decreased cellular migration and invasion. Conversely, enforced activation of MEK1 led to enhanced CD44 expression and promoter activity. CD44 was required for the aggressive growth since reduction of CD44 levels significantly attenuated in vitro migration and in vivo tumor formation of MOC2 and MOC10 cell lines. These results in the mouse model were extended to freshly resected human OSCC where a strict relationship between ERK1/2 phosphorylation and CD44 expression was also identified. Thus, using a novel immunocompetent mouse model, we identify CD44 as an essential mediator of the aggressive tumor-promoting effects of ERK1/2, which highlight the potential efficacy of targeting this molecular pathway in head and neck cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2358. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2358
Ultrasonography compared with intravenous urography in investigation of urinary tract infection in adults.
Authors: J Spencer, D Lindsell, I Mastorakou
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To compare ultrasonography with intravenous urography for investigating adults with proved urinary tract infection.Prospective study of patients presenting consecutively for radiological investigation of urinary tract infection between October 1988 and December 1989. Both investigations were performed concurrently and performed independently on routine lists by different duty radiologists, each of whom knew the details on the request form but not the findings of the other investigation.Radiology department of a teaching hospital.158 Consecutive adults (89 women, 69 men; mean age 49.7 (range 18-83)) referred from general practitioners and hospital outpatient clinics with a history of proved urinary tract infection.Urography and ultrasonography performed concurrently. When both examinations gave normal findings no clinical or radiological follow up was sought. All abnormal findings detected with either investigation were confirmed by subsequent imaging studies or by operative procedures.Accuracy of detection of abnormalities of urinary system by ultrasonography compared with urography.113 Patients (72%) had normal urographic and ultrasonic findings. Overall, ultrasonography concurred with the findings of urography in 149 (94%) patients, and when a single abdominal radiograph was included in the procedure, in 152 (96%). Ultrasonography missed only one important diagnosis, that of mild papillary necrosis in normal sized kidneys in a diabetic patient. It detected one early bladder tumour not visible on urography and was able to clarify the nature of renal masses (simple cysts) evident on three urograms.Ultrasonography provides a safe and accurate method of imaging the urinary tract in adults with infection. Combined with a plain abdominal radiograph, it should replace urography as the initial imaging investigation in these patients. Major savings would result from adopting this policy, and the risks to patients from ionising radiation and intravenous contrast media would be appreciably reduced.
CD30 expression defines a novel subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with favorable prognosis and distinct gene expression signature: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study
Authors: Shimin Hu, Zijun Y. Xu-Monette, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Carlo Visco, Alexander Tzankov, Wei-min Liu, Roberto N. Miranda, Li Zhang, Santiago Montes-Moreno, Karen Dybkær, April Chiu, Attilio Orazi, Youli Zu, Govind Bhagat, Kristy L. Richards, Eric D. Hsi, William W. L. Choi, J. Han van Krieken, Qin Huang, Jooryung Huh, Weiyun Ai, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Xiaoying Zhao, Jane N. Winter, Mingzhi Zhang, Ling Li, Michael B. Møller, Miguel A. Piris, Yong Li, Ronald S. Go, Lin Wu, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Ken H. Young
Journal: Blood (2013)
src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 controls the development of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Tohru Kamata, Masakatsu Yamashita, Motoko Kimura, Kaoru Murata, Masamichi Inami, Chiori Shimizu, Kaoru Sugaya, Chrong-Reen Wang, Masaru Taniguchi, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Th2 cells are generated from naive CD4 T cells upon T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigen and IL-4 stimulation and play crucial roles in humoral immunity against infectious microorganisms and the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. A tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, that contains src homology 2 (SH2) domains is recognized as a negative regulator for various intracellular signaling molecules, including those downstream of the TCR and the IL-4 receptor. Here we assessed the role of SHP-1 in Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and in the development of Th2-dependent allergic airway inflammation by using a natural SHP-1 mutant, the motheaten mouse. CD4 T cells appear to develop normally in the heterozygous motheaten (me/+) thymus even though they express decreased amounts of SHP-1 (about one-third the level of wild-type thymus). The me/+ naive splenic CD4 T cells showed enhanced activation by IL-4 receptor–mediated signaling but only marginal enhancement of TCR-mediated signaling. Interestingly, the generation of Th2 cells was increased and specific cytokine production of mast cells was enhanced in me/+ mice. In an OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation model, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness were enhanced in me/+ mice. Thus, SHP-1 may have a role as a negative regulator in the development of allergic responses, such as allergic asthma.
Plasma Free Insulin Profiles After Administration of Insulin by Jet and Conventional Syringe Injection
Authors: Roy Taylor, Philip D Home, K George M M Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Plasma free insulin profiles in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were compared after jet and syringe injection of insulin. Jet injection of insulin resulted in a shift of the free insulin profile to the left. Thus higher plasma free insulin levels were found over the first 30 min after injection (P less than 0.05), while after 240 min plasma free insulin levels were lower than those seen following syringe injection (P less than 0.05). Significant differences in the response of blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels reflected the differences in plasma free insulin levels. Jet administration results in more rapid absorption of insulin and could be useful in providing a more physiologic postprandial insulin profile than that seen after conventional injection.
Public attitudes to smoking in Avon.
Authors: S. Gray, C. Hine
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Charlton and Cuninghame propose regular standard quality checks on computer health records, but this should be cost effective.We fear that the authors underestimate the effort and resources required in manual checking.3In the future, electronic reconciliation of data on patients held on different computers must be pursued.6In the meantime, we suggest that regular feedback of data to general practitioners is likely to improve accuracy and to encourage a higher rate of immunisation in the target populationthe prime objective.Finally, we agree that computers, like humans, should be immunised against attack by viruses.7
Clinicians and Laboratory Specialists
Authors: Leon Morton Green
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I have just read A Fable of the Clinic in the Nov 12 issue ofThe Journal(1982;248:2321).  It is most saddening to see that the author had to withhold his or her name. Thus, what happened is less a fable and much a tragedy.  The problem addressed by the fable is that of the lack of understanding and respect between clinicians and laboratory specialists. It would be much better if both could regard each other as two different breeds of scientist. They both depend on each other's work.  The clinician practices the art of medicine. If a clinician, however, is not also a scientist, the essence of the art will hold no water.  The laboratory specialist is the pioneer who finds new understanding in old knowledge, in new knowledge, and sometimes even in the recovery of old knowledge and understanding. While most of the laboratory specialist's
Alcohol and the Liver
Authors: Salvatore P. Lucia
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to comment on the article, "Liquor Hurts Livers, Regardless of Diet" (228:449, 1974), which deals with the work of Charles S. Lieber and Emanuel Rubin on the effect of alcohol on 26 baboons, 13 of which were fed the equivalent of a fifth of liquor daily for up to four years. It appears from the article that Dr. Rubin does not differentiate between social drinking and alcoholic excess. By no stretch of the imagination would three martinis at lunch, a whiskey after work, a martini before dinner, a glass of wine with dinner, a brandy after dinner, and a whiskey for a nightcap constitute "social drinking." The three martinis at lunch alone would incapacitate any normal social drinker for the rest of the afternoon and possibly the evening. Drs. Rubin and Lieber reported that a fifth of liquor daily, after four years' time, produced cirrhosis
Markers of cell activation and apoptosis in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 1 and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Aikaterini Tsikrikoni, Despina S. Kyriakou, Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Michael G. Alexandrakis, Kalliopi Zachou, Freda Passam, Georgios N. Dalekos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
S42 Two Year Vascular Event, Hospital Admissions, and Accident Incidence: Further Data from the MOSAIC Sleep Apnoea Trial: Abstract S42 Table 1
Authors: CD Turnbull, S Craig, M Kohler, D Nicoll, J Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The MOSAIC multicentre trial investigated the effect of CPAP versus no CPAP on both sleepiness and a vascular risk score, over 6 months, in nearly 400 minimally symptomatic patients with OSA. The results on the vascular risk score, reported previously, suggested no potential vascular benefit of CPAP, although endothelial function improved. The incidence of real events is needed to calculate the size of any future trials in this group of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We have followed the Oxford cohort of 189 patients for two years to assess real vascular event rates and the incidence of accidents and hospital admissions. The events have been verified by inspection of hospital notes and phone calls to patients. The CPAP/No CPAP allocation was based on intention to treat. At the end of the original 6 month trial, 71% of patients, initially randomised to CPAP, stated an intention to continue CPAP. <h3>Results</h3> The table shows the 2 year incidence of accidents at home, work and driving (66/189), the incidence of new vascular events (25/189), and all cause mortality (4/189). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The event rates are moderate, and there is no statistically significant difference between the groups. A power calculation, based on these figures, suggests that in order not to miss a 30% reduction in relative risk over 2 years (4% absolute reduction), with 90% power, would require 2,540 patients randomised; for accidents, 880; for mortality over 6,000.
After portal branch ligation in rat, nuclear factor κB, interleukin-6, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, c-<i>fos</i>, c-<i>myc</i>, and c-<i>jun</i>are similarly induced in the ligated and nonligated lobes
Authors: Peter Stärkel, Yves Horsmans, Christine Sempoux, Christine De Saeger, Johan Wary, Pascale Lause, Dominique Maiter, Luc Lambotte
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Several studies have emphasized the involvement of transcription factors, cytokines, and proto–oncogenes in initiating the regenerative process after partial hepatectomy. To assess whether these events do specifically occur in a cellular system undergoing regeneration, we studied the induction of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), interleukin–6 (IL–6), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3), c– fos , c– myc , c– jun , after portal branch ligation (PBL), which produces atrophy of the deprived lobes (70% of the liver parenchyma), whereas the perfused lobes undergo compensatory regeneration. Nuclear extracts and total RNA were prepared from control livers as well as from atrophying and regenerating lobes at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 8 after PBL. NFκB and Stat3 induction were studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blotting. IL–6 and proto–oncogenes expressions were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting, respectively. Assays were also performed after a sham operation. NFκB and Stat3 protein expression and DNA binding were rapidly and similarly induced in nuclear extracts from the atrophying and regenerating lobes. IL–6 was elevated in both lobes from 1 to 8 hours after PBL as well as c– fos , c– myc , and c– jun during the first 2 hours. IL–6 and Stat3 but not NFκB were also elevated after a sham operation. These findings suggest that the cellular and molecular changes occurring early in a regenerating liver are nonspecific, possibly stress–induced, cellular responses. They do not indicate the future evolution towards atrophy or regeneration.
Detectable Prostate-Specific Antigen Nadir During Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Predicts Adverse Prostate Cancer–Specific Outcomes: Results from the SEARCH Database
Authors: Christopher J. Keto, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Joseph C. Presti, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Deficiency of PORCN, a regulator of Wnt signaling, is associated with focal dermal hypoplasia
Authors: Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, Dorothea Bornholdt, Frank Oeffner, Arne König, María del Carmen Boente, Herbert Enders, Barbara Fritz, Michael Hertl, Ute Grasshoff, Katja Höfling, Vinzenz Oji, Mauro Paradisi, Christian Schuchardt, Zsuzsanna Szalai, Gianluca Tadini, Heiko Traupe, Rudolf Happle
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)