tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol Control Beyond the Clinic: New York City's Trans Fat Restriction
Authors: Sonia Y. Angell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Decades after key modifiable risk factors were identified, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of preventable death, and only one quarter of persons with high cholesterol levels have attained recommended levels of control. Cholesterol control efforts have focused on consumer education and medical treatment. A powerful, complementary approach is to change the makeup of food, a route the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene took when it restricted artificial trans fat—a contributor to coronary heart disease—in restaurants. The Department first undertook a voluntary campaign, but this effort did not decrease the proportion of restaurants that used artificial trans fat. In December 2006, the Board of Health required that artificial trans fat be phased out of restaurant food. To support implementation, the Department provided technical assistance to restaurants. By November 2008, the restriction was in full effect in all New York City restaurants and estimated restaurant use of artificial trans fat for frying, baking, or cooking or in spreads had decreased from 50% to less than 2%. Preliminary analyses suggest that replacement of artificial trans fat has resulted in products with more healthful fatty acid profiles. For example, in major restaurant chains, total saturated fat plus trans fat in French fries decreased by more than 50%. At 2 years, dozens of national chains had removed artificial trans fat, and 13 jurisdictions, including California, had adopted similar laws. Public health efforts that change food content to make default choices healthier enable consumers to more successfully meet dietary recommendations and reduce their cardiovascular risk.
Mobilization of chest wall for fixed chest in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: C. E. Drew, C. F. Cooper, D. N. Golding, P. Marks
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Antibodies to ds (native) DNA in chronic active hepatitis (CAH).P. Davis and A. E. A. Read (Department of Medicine, Bristol) Recent studies have suggested that antibodies to DNA have a high degree of specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus (Tan et al., 1966).These antibodies have, however, also been described in discoid LE (Mandel et al., 1972).Chronic active hepatitis is an immune liver disease which has many clinical and serological similarities to SLE (Read et al., 1963).In particular antinuclear antibodies and evidence of complement conversion are common (Gitnick et al., 1973).The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of antibodies to ds DNA in CAH.Sera from 36 patients with CAH were studied using the Farr ammonium precipitation test and the filter radioimmunoassay technique. 15of the 36 cases (42 %) had levels of antibody previously only seen in patients with active SLE.These antibodies were detected despite steroid therapy in the majority.Antibodies to ds DNA were not found in 22 cases of other liver disease, including alcoholic cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, nor in a number of control sera.Serial studies showed that levels of DNA antibody rise and fall with disease activity as determined by liver function tests and clinical parameters.There was an inverse relationship between the height of DNA antibody and serum complement levels and a direct relationship between the height of DNA antibody and the presence of C3 breakdown products.This study suggests that DNA antibodies may not be as specific for SLE as was previously thought or, that CAH and SLE have further immunological similarities.These antibodies may have diagnostic and therapeutic value in the study of immunological liver disease.
Expert Panel Calls for Greater Access to Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Symptom Management in Older Primary Care Patients: Feasibility of an Experimental, Written Self-Disclosure Protocol
Authors: Joshua C. Klapow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Distress-driven symptoms are prevalent among older primary care patients and account for a large percentage of office visits and increased medical costs. An experimental written self-disclosure protocol has been shown to reduce symptoms and use of health care services in healthy adults. Written self-disclosure as a method for reducing symptoms has not been evaluated in the primary care setting. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of adapting an experimental written self-disclosure protocol for the primary care setting. Design: Randomized, single-blind feasibility study. Setting: University-based geriatric and internal medicine primary care clinics. Patients: 45 patients 66 years of age or older without a psychiatric diagnosis. Intervention: Three 20-minute writing sessions focusing on distressing experiences (in the intervention group) or health behaviors (in the control group). Measurements: The feasibility outcomes were patient recruitment, protocol logistics, and patient and provider satisfaction. The clinical outcomes were somatic and distress symptoms, health care utilization, and associated costs. Results: One third of patients screened were recruited; 96% of patients recruited completed the protocol. Clinic contact time was an average of 55 minutes per patient. Patients and providers reported high levels of satisfaction with the protocol. Reductions in symptoms were minimal for both groups. Use of outpatient services and associated costs decreased in both groups, but the reduction was twice as great in the treatment group as in the control group. Conclusions: Findings support the feasibility of implementing the protocol as a primary care intervention.
The Caregiving Environments Provided to Children by Depressed Mothers With or Without an Antisocial History
Authors: Julia Kim-Cohen, Avshalom Caspi, F.R.C.P. Michael Rutter, Mónica Polo Tomás, Terrie E. Moffitt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Many depressed women have a history of antisocial behavior, but research into maternal depression has not ascertained if this has implications for children of depressed mothers. This study compared the developmental outcomes in and caregiving environments provided to children by depressed mothers with or without an antisocial history. Method: In the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative study of 1,106 families, mothers were administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Major Depressive Disorder and interviewed about their lifetime history of antisocial personality disorder symptoms. Mothers and teachers provided information regarding the children’s behavior problems at 5 and 7 years of age. The authors assessed the quality of the caregiving environment through maternal reports and interviewer observations. Results: Compared with children of mothers with depression only, the children of depressed and antisocial mothers had significantly higher levels of antisocial behavior and rates of DSM-IV conduct disorder, even after the authors controlled for numbers of symptoms and chronicity of maternal major depressive disorder. The children of depressed and antisocial mothers were at an elevated risk of experiencing multiple caregiving abuses, including physical maltreatment, high levels of maternal hostility, and exposure to domestic violence. Conclusions: If one ignores the common co-occurrence of an antisocial history in depressed mothers, it may obscure the significantly elevated risks in children’s development. Clinicians treating women’s depression should be aware that children of depressed and antisocial mothers constitute a group at extremely high risk for early-onset psychopathology.
Indications for angiography and surgery in carotid artery disease.
Authors: M J Harrison, J Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The results of angiographic investigation of 211 patients suffering from transient cerebral ischaemic attacks in the carotid territory have been reviewed. The greatest proportion of patients with carotid stenosis and who were referred for endarterectomy were those with a neck bruit ipsilateral to the affected hemisphere. Ocular involvement (amaurosis fugax) was associated with a still higher prevalence of angiographic abnormality, and carotid occlusion was commonest in this group. The implications for the management of patients with transient ischaemic attacks are discussed.
NSAID-induced intestinal damage: are luminal bacteria the therapeutic target?
Authors: C Scarpignato
Journal: Gut (2008)

suggests that inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 is necessary to cause significant GI damage. The importance of PG deficiency in the pathogenesis of NSAIDinduced intestinal damage is confirmed by the finding that administration of exogenous PGs before indomethacin either reduces or eliminates intestinal damage in rats. 91 0 NSAID-induced damage to the intestinal epithelium is set in motion by a direct effect of the drug after oral administration, a persistent local action due to the enterohepatic recirculation of the compound, 11 12 and the systemic effects carried out after its absorption. 5 The initial biochemical local sub-cellular damage is due to the entrance of the usually acidic NSAID into the cell via damage of the brush border cell membrane and disruption of the mitochondrial process of oxidative phosphorylation, with consequent ATP deficiency. 13
Points from letters: De motu urbanorum
Authors: W Lesh
Journal: BMJ (1975)

October, p 25) is not alone.At the inception of the NHS in 1948 I was an assistant in general practice and lived above the surgery in a traffic-congested area.At that time I managed my rounds quite easily on a bicycle.Unfortunately both your clientele and your colleagues come to regard you as an outsider, which adds to your emotional burden.The car becomes your
Long-time effects of a slow release somatostatin analogue (Lanreotide SR) on hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with proven esophageal varices
Authors: E.F. Hansen, M. Butcher, S. Moller, J.H. Henriksen, F. Bendtsen, C.O. Records, A.K. Burroughs, U. Becker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Abstract 1443: A systematic approach to the metastatically relevant microRNA landscape
Authors: Giridhar Mudduluru, Mohammed Abba, Jasmin Batliner, Nitin Patil, Taral R. Lunavat, Maike Scharp, Jörg Leupold, Olga Oleksiuk, Ivo Buchhalter, Wilko Thiele, Melanie Rothley, Axel Benner, Jonathan Sleeman, Heike Allgayer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Distant metastasis is the major determinant of patient outcome in colorectal cancer. By systematically analysing the miR expression profiles of resected metastasis-, corresponding primary tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients, we were able to delineate a miR-signature indicative of the metastatically critical microRNA landscape. This “hot list” of miRNAs, including established metastasis-related miRs like the miR-34- and let -7 families, as well as rather novel miR-candidates like miR-552, -218, -135, -210 and -654, together with their putative common targets were bioinformatically predicted to regulate the most significant metastasis-associated signaling pathways currently known. We were able to show for the first time that miR-135b, miR-210 and the loss of miR-218 constitute a novel network that regulates both E- and N-cadherin expression, which is achieved, in part, via several novel common targets such as the recently described tumor suppressors SIAH1 and SETD2, and, most importantly, FOXN3 transcription factor. This is paralleled by a significant impact on migration, invasion, in vivo intravasation and metastasis in chicken embryo and mouse models. We conclude that miR-218 as a novel metastasis suppressor, and pro-metastatic miR-135b and miR-210, constitute one important novel network critical for metastasis, resulting from the first study to systematically suggest the microRNA-driven master pathways of metatasis from solid cancer tissues. Citation Format: Giridhar Mudduluru, Mohammed Abba, Jasmin Batliner, Nitin Patil, Taral R. Lunavat, Maike Scharp, Jörg Leupold, Olga Oleksiuk, Ivo Buchhalter, Wilko Thiele, Melanie Rothley, Axel Benner, Jonathan Sleeman, Heike Allgayer. A systematic approach to the metastatically relevant microRNA landscape. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1443. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1443
Dentin: Not a Pure Extracellular Tissue
Authors: Mortimer Lorber
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In citing the work of Dr Ruben Eisenstein and associates in a MEDICAL NEWS article (232:14, 1975), it was stated that the small protease inhibitors that decrease the growth of immature fibroblasts and endothelial cells "may be extracellular, since they are also present in dentin, which is an acellular tissue." This statement is perhaps misleading because dentin, although not containing the bodies of cells, is very rich in the long cytoplasmic processes of the odontoblasts whose bodies are located in the subjacent pulp of the tooth. Thus, the presence of protease inhibitors in dentin does not necessarily mean that they are located extracellularly. They might have arisen in the odontoblasts and entered the dentin within their processes (Tomes fibers). Even experimental modification of dentin would not necessarily indicate an extracellular location of these protease inhibitors. Finding them in endodontically treated ("root canal") teeth would merely suggest that
Urinary Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Elias Amador
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE RECOGNITION and removal of an inhibitor(s) of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of human urine resulted in the development of a method useful for the detection and diagnosis of carcinomas of the kidney and bladder.1,2These discoveries suggested that other enzymes previously thought to be absent or inconsistently present in urine might similarly be masked by inhibitors.3Detection and removal of such inhibition might result in further diagnostic procedures useful for the detection of asymptomatic disease. The present study demonstrates that human urine has alkaline phosphatase activity, and that this activity is obscured by a dialyzable inhibitor (s). The removal of the inhibitor(s) has allowed the development of a sensitive diagnostic method for adenocarcinomas of the kidney.4  Alkaline phosphatase, distributed throughout the cells and fluids of the body, is especially abundant in the renal tubules. Histochemically its activity has been shown to be altered markedly by diseases
Deaths and paradoxes after intentional insulin overdosage.
Authors: J A Critchley, A T Proudfoot, S G Boyd, I W Campbell, N S Brown, A Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Deaths and paradoxes after intentional insulin overdosage Deliberate self poisoning with insulin is uncommon and documented mainly as case reports.1-3During 1978-81 we managed 20 episodes of insulin self poisoning; two of the patients died.
Studies in Clinical Shock and Hypotension
Authors: JAY N. COHN, MYRON H. LURIA, Ann Eustace
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Hemodynamic studies were performed on 44 patients with nonhemorrhagic shock or hypotension in order to assess the degree of vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation. In 19 patients, reflex adrenergic discharge was characterized by elevated total peripheral vascular resistance, a high ratio of central blood volume to total blood volume, tachycardia, and clinical signs of skin vasoconstriction. Reduced total blood volume in most of these patients at the time of study could be explained as the result of fever, administration of vasopressor drugs, or prolonged reflex vasoconstriction. Eight patients were hypotensive with low peripheral resistance usually associated with tachycardia and hypovolemia. The fact that all died within several hours suggests that this "irreversible" syndrome was related to local accumulation of acid metabolites with terminal failure of vasoconstriction. In 17 patients, absence of reflex vasoconstriction despite hypotension was manifested by low or normal peripheral resistance, low ratios of central blood volume to total blood volume, warm skin, and normal total blood volume. While tachycardia often was absent in this group, heart rate was more closely related to body temperature than to vasoconstriction. Lack of intense adrenergic discharge in these hypotensive patients could be attributed either to the absence of a hypovolemic stimulus or to impairment of normal sympathetic nervous system pathways. The high incidence of alcoholism, cirrhosis, malignancy, pulmonary emphysema, and diabetes in these patients suggests the possibility that adrenergic insufficiency was a factor in the failure of vasoconstriction in at least some of them. The frequency of hypovolemia in the patients with vasoconstriction stresses the need for recognition and correction of occult depletion of blood volume in shock of diverse etiologies.
Preadmission Screening of Medicare Patients-Reply
Authors: William B. Crede
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are struck by the fact that the responders appear to address the concept and cost of preadmission screening and miss the point of the study, which was to determine whether patients were adversely affected by the program. Drs Barone, Lavers, and Radin have concerns regarding the cost-effectiveness of preadmission screening, and we share their concern. What sparked our interest in performing this study, however, was the obviously more important and overriding concern of clinical efficacy. Unacceptable clinical outcomes would invalidate preadmission screening regardless of its cost-effectiveness. Interestingly, preadmission screening constituted a very small part of the federally mandated peer review organization (PRO) program, which is a very cost-effective one. The total annual cost of preadmission screening, including our best estimate of cost in time to attending physicians, office staff, hospital staff, and the PRO, was approximately $500 000. The total savings to Medicare, including the "sentinel effect"
THE USES AND SOME ABUSES OF HYDROTHERAPY
Authors: R. G. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1928)

USES AND ABUSES OF HYDROTHEtRAPY.MDICAL 659 couch, on which the child is strapled, younger children, and even infants of twelve months, miiay be treated safely by the rays.Before exposure to the x rays the hair should be cut short with clippers and the scalp washed.Should any
National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The National Nutrition Survey, which emerged in 1972 from the maze of field studies, laboratories, computer analysis, and committee review, was published in five overwhelming volumes (plus a summary). The four years of work was culminated by the frantic effort of the Nutrition Program of the Center for Disease Control, which inherited the data after the field studies were completed. Only two members remain of Dr. Arnold E. Schaefer's original staff of 69 who began the surveys in 1968-1969. Considering the political overtones that permeated nearly every phase of the study, that a report has finally emerged is a minor miracle.  The purpose of the survey was to determine the magnitude and location of malnutrition and related health problems. Limitations of time, money, and personnel dictated that appropriate samples be selected from the country at large. Ten states were selected (Washington, California, Texas, Louisiana, South Carolina, Kentucky, West Virginia, Michigan,
Abstract 4654: Plasma, tissue and tumor pharmacokinetics of PM060184 in NSCL xenograft mouse model
Authors: Tiziana Pernice, Alan Bishop, Oscar Cataluña, Mandy Palomares, Raquel Lopez, Práxedes Núñez, Carmen Cuevas, Maria José Guillén, Pablo M. Aviles
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: PM060184 is new marine derived tubulin-binding agent originally isolated from the sponge Lithoplocamia lithistoides. PM060184 has shown potent antitumor activity in vivo against a panel of different tumor xenografted models such as colon, gastric, NSCLC, prostate and renal. Also, PM060184 has demonstrated to have a potent in vitro and in vivo activity in P-gp overexpressing cells. PM060184 is currently under evaluation in Phase I clinical studies in patients with advanced cancer diseases. Material and Methods: Athymic female nu/nu mice were subcutaneously implanted with H460 (NSCLC). Tumor bearing animals were randomly allocated into experimental groups (efficacy or pharmacokinetics -PK-). The animals belonging to the efficacy study received three iv doses in a weekly (q7dx3) schedule of PM060184 at 16 mg/kg or placebo. The antitumor activity was followed by the change in tumor volume for treated and placebo groups. The PK group received a single dose of PM060184 at 16 mg/kg. Then, plasma, tissue (brain, spleen, lung, muscle and heart) and tumor samples (N=3-4/sampling time) were collected at different times and up to 96 h post-administration. Tissue and tumor samples were diluted and homogenized using Precellys®24 bead beating technology. Once homogenized the samples were processed as per plasma. PM060184 was detected in plasma, tissue and tumor extracts by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry after extraction by supported liquid extraction (SLE). Results: The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 2,452.5 ng/mL. The area under curve (AUC) was 2,963 ng*hr/mL. The plasma clearance was 5,398.5 mL/hr/kg. The volume of distribution at steady state was 880.7 mL/kg. The terminal half-life was 4.7 hr. The AUC0-tlast values for brain, spleen, lung, muscle and heart were 216.2, 7,402.9, 3,857.7, 2,614.6 and 2,929.5 ng*hr/g, respectively; however the AUC value for H460 xenografted tumors was 51,321.4 ng*hr/g (tlast is 96 hours for tumor, 8 hours for brain and 24 hours for the other tissues). Conclusion: PM060184 showed similar plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics properties as well as preferential tumor distribution until 96 h after an iv administration in mice bearing H460 xenografted tumors. Citation Format: Tiziana Pernice, Alan Bishop, Oscar Cataluña, Mandy Palomares, Raquel Lopez, Práxedes Núñez, Carmen Cuevas, Maria José Guillén, Pablo M. Aviles. Plasma, tissue and tumor pharmacokinetics of PM060184 in NSCL xenograft mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4654. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4654