tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Where Are the Great Physicians of America?
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Most physicians are familiar with the achievements of such medical luminaries as Sir William Osler, Harvey Cushing, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, and we are continually informed about the discoveries of today's medical researchers and academicians. Yet in this, as in all eras of US medicine, the great physicians of America are not widely known. The great physicians of America are practitioners. They are respected by their colleagues and patients and esteemed in their communities. Their lives are bound to the unique heritage and role of the physician: the care of the patient. A physician may be a great medical thinker, a great medical writer, even a great medical scientist, and still not be a great physician. This issue marks the first appearance of a new<i>JAMA</i>department (p 1261), PRACTITIONERS, which will be published occasionally and will present the thoughts and experiences of outstanding practicing physicians. It is our goal
ENDOCRINE TREATMENT OF CRYPTORCHISM
Authors: WILLARD O. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In 1939 we<sup>1</sup>reported on the status of glandular therapy in patients with undescended testes and compared our results with those reported in the literature. In contrast to the 61 per cent of successful results of other observers we were able to produce descent in only 20 per cent of our cases and in only 27 per cent of those occurring in patients under 16 years of age. We were not able to produce descent in any instance in which the testis was intra-abdominal, although a high incidence of successful results (55 per cent) had been reported in patients with testes of this type. We concluded that glandular therapy would produce descent only in those testes which would descend by the time of puberty without treatment; namely, those which were not retained by mechanical factors. Nevertheless the treatment appeared valuable because it made it possible to determine at an
Hemodynamic characteristics of the early phase of primary hypertension. The Dutch Hypertension and Offspring Study.
Authors: I M van Hooft, D E Grobbee, H J Waal-Manning, A Hofman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The hemodynamic characteristics of the early phase of primary hypertension are subject to debate. In particular, it remains unclear whether an increased vascular peripheral resistance or a raised cardiac output is involved as the primary hemodynamic alteration in hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied hemodynamic characteristics and oxygen consumption in relation to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements in three groups of normotensive children with a different familial predisposition for hypertension. Selection of participants was based on parental blood pressure levels. Mean 24-hour blood pressure was higher in the offspring of two hypertensive parents compared with the offspring of two normotensive parents; there was a difference of 4.7 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-7.6) for systolic blood pressure and a difference of 4.8 mm Hg (CI, 2.3-7.3) for diastolic blood pressure. The 24-hour blood pressure pattern was consistently at a higher level for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the offspring of two hypertensive parents compared with the offspring of two normotensive parents. The smallest differences in blood pressure were seen at night, and the largest differences in blood pressure between the groups of offspring were seen during periods of physical activity. Echocardiographic examination combined with registration of oxygen consumption did not show a difference in cardiac index and arteriovenous oxygen difference between the study groups. However, differences in cardiac dimensions were apparent, with an increased left ventricular mass index (8.7 g/m2; CI, 2.4-15.0) in the offspring of two hypertensive parents. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not support the existence of a hyperkinetic circulatory phase but may indicate the presence of an increased left ventricular mass in early primary hypertension.
Disseminated histoplasmosis: a rare cause of multiple ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: R. Colaiacovo, A. de Castro, C. Shiang, R. Ganc, A. Ferrari
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Histoplasmosis is an invasive fungal infection that commonly presents as a pulmonary disease. The development of the disseminated form depends on the host's immunity and involves the gastrointestinal tract in 70% – 90% of autopsy studies [1]. The colon may be involved in 59.6%, followed by the small bowel [1]. Polypoid lesions, ulcerations, strictures, and perforations can be observed [2] [3]. The concomitant involvement of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract has never been described in vivo. Furthermore, there are few reports of histoplasmosis after liver transplantation [4]. Here we describe a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient following liver transplantation manifesting as gastric, duodenal, and colonic ulcers, a presentation that has not been described previously.
A subpopulation of suppressor cells in Richter's syndrome with both monocytic and T-lymphocytic characteristics
Authors: N. Lahat, E. Aghai, M. Quitt, E. Nir, P. Froom
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract We evaluated T‐lymphocyte functions in the peripheral blood of a patient with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia after transformation to large cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome). A subpopulation of E‐rosette adherent cells were found with T‐lymphocytic surface markers (OKT3+/8+/4+), monocytic characteristics (latex ingestion, nonspecific esterase staining), and suppressor activity. In contrast to the patient's nonadherent T‐cells, this subpopulation suppressed PHA proliferation of autologous lymphocytes, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐induced proliferation of normal non‐T cells, and a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Further studies are warranted in patients with Richter's syndrome, in order to determine the frequency and significance of our findings.
Abstract 4195: Identification of dysregulated miRs and its target genes in head and neck cancer.
Authors: Yi-Zih Kuo, Yun-Chu Huang, Yuh-Ling Chen, Hung-I Lo, Sen-Tien Tsai, Chi-Wu Chiang, Li-Wha Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Oral cancer is a subtype of head and neck cancer, the eighth common cancer type in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that mediate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading target messenger RNA or repressing their translation. The deregulation of certain microRNAs has been associated with the progression and metastasis of various cancer types. A total of 133 miRs were dysregulated in oral cancer cells when compared with normal oral keratinocytes by using microRNA microarray hybridization. Among them, miR-22, often silenced in breast cancer, colon cancer, and multiple myeloma, is downregulated and least known in oral carcinogenesis. In this study, we confirmed the down-regulation of miR-22 in the majority of oral cell lines and 70 % of the tested clinical specimens, as measured by real-time PCR. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that increased miR-22 expression significantly reduced oral cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas decreased miR-22 expression dramatically enhanced cell migration and invasion. Snail, a transcription factor that promotes cell invasion and tumor metastasis, was predicted to be a target of miR-22. The prediction was validated by the inverse correlation of miR-22 and snail protein, and the luciferase reporter assay bearing 3’- translated region derived from snail. Silencing snail expression by using shRNA recapitulated the anti-metastatic function of miR-22, whereas restored snail expression attenuated the function of miR-22 in oral cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that miR-22 may act as a tumor suppressor through decreasing snail expression in oral cancer and thus be used as a therapeutic target to block oral cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Yi-Zih Kuo, Yun-Chu Huang, Yuh-Ling Chen, Hung-I Lo, Sen-Tien Tsai, Chi-Wu Chiang, Li-Wha Wu. Identification of dysregulated miRs and its target genes in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4195. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4195
Hot-spot residue in small heat-shock protein 22 causes distal motor neuropathy
Authors: Joy Irobi, Katrien Van Impe, Pavel Seeman, Albena Jordanova, Ines Dierick, Nathalie Verpoorten, Andrej Michalik, Els De Vriendt, An Jacobs, Veerle Van Gerwen, Krist'l Vennekens, Radim Mazanec, Ivailo Tournev, David Hilton-Jones, Kevin Talbot, Ivo Kremensky, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Wim Robberecht, Joël Vandekerckhove, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Jan Gettemans, Peter De Jonghe, Vincent Timmerman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
GALLIUM IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA
Authors: Frances L. Neagley, Malline Chew, Bruce Levin, Ralph K. Davies
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Pneumocystis carinil pneumonia (PCP) is an Interstitia pneumonia of protozoan etiology. It was first reported in the United States in 1955 and had been seen rarely in previously healthy persons over six months of age. The increasing incidence of acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among homosexual males has resulted in a high incidence of PCP and, with It, a mortality rate of 50% in the first year. Ga-67 citrate imaging of the lungs has proved to be a cost effective, highly sensitive study for the evaluation of the patient with minimal symptoms or borderline laboratory findings. In the past 18 months, 54% of the gallium scans at our institution were performed on homosexual males with AIDS-related or AIDS-suspicious symptom. 57% of these were to rule out PCP. PCP usually presents as a diffuse pattern of uptake in the lungs that approaches or exceeds the brightness of the liver. However, previous chemotherapy, recurrent disease or very early disease may not demonstrate the characterstic pattern of diffuse pulmonary uptake. Using a strict Imaging protocol and a grading scale of zero to +4, all studies read as no uptake subsequently proved to be true negatives. In those studies demonstrating +2 or greater uptake, the test had a true positive value of 95%.
Poisonings Top Crashes for Injury-Related Deaths
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

cer of the American College of Cardiology (ACC), defended cardiologists owning their own testing equipment. “Obviously there is a perverse incentive when physicians own the equipment they are billing for on a fee-forservice basis, but the reality is most physicians are cognizant to use that equipment appropriately, knowing [regulators and payers] are looking over their shoulders,” Lewin said. “Officebased equipment is today’s stethoscope; your cardiologist sees you in his office, offers a test, you immediately get the results, and you go home. It is a patient convenience, and it is also a less stressful approach for the patient to know what is happening immediately instead of waiting weeks to get a result.” But other research contradicts the patient-convenience argument. Analysis of 2006 and 2007 Medicare data showed self-referral resulted in same-day imaging for straightforward x-rays, but only 15% of self-referred advanced imaging, such as computed tomography or MRI, occurred on the same day. The researchers speculated that using such advanced imaging equipment on essentially a walk-in basis is inefficient, so physicians have patients schedule appointments to bunch them together (Sunshine J and Bhargavan M. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2010;29[12]:2237-2243). Lewin said the real issue is not selfreferral but inappropriate imaging, regardless of the setting. “Price control will not curtail imaging costs,” Lewin said. “What we need to do is pay for quality. In cardiology we have appropriate use criteria for all the imaging modalities, and these tools, at the point of care, can suggest what the best test would be or if a test is even needed. We can reduce the cost of imaging using these modalities.” Another researcher who has followed the self-referral issue, David Levin, MD, emeritusprofessorofradiologyatThomas JeffersonUniversity inPhiladelphia, said the ACC has tried to reduce the perverse incentives of self-referral, but this effort cannotovercomehumannature.“Iagree that appropriate use criteria are very important,”Lewinsaid. “Theproblemis it is too easy to game the system.”
Heterogeneity and compartmental properties of insulin storage and secretion in rat islets.
Authors: G Gold, H D Landahl, M L Gishizky, G M Grodsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

To investigate compartmental properties of insulin storage and secretion, isolated rat islets were used for pulse-labeling experiments, after which proinsulin and insulin were purified rigorously. Processing of proinsulin to insulin neared completion by 3 h without additional loss of either radioactive peptide by cellular or extracellular proteolysis. The amount of labeled hormone rapidly diminished in islets; it was secreted at a higher fractional rate than immunoreactive insulin, resulting in secreted insulin's having a higher specific activity than the average cellular insulin. Newly synthesized insulin, therefore, was secreted preferentially. Changes in the specific activity of secreted and cellular insulin with time were consistent with changes predicted for islets containing 33% of their total insulin in a glucose-labile compartment. Predictions were based on steady-state analysis of a simple storage-limited representation of B cell function. Islets from either the dorsal or ventral part of the pancreas also contained 33% of their total insulin in a glucose-labile compartment. The same compartment was mobilized by 20 mM glucose, 50 mM potassium + 2 mM glucose, or 20 MM glucose + 1 mM 3-isobutylmethylxanthine as indicated by the specific activity ratio of secreted vs. cellular insulin, even though average secretion rates with these stimuli differed by more than threefold. In the absence of calcium, the effectiveness of 20 mM glucose as a secretagogue declined markedly, and the older stored insulin was preferentially mobilized because secreted insulin had a lower rather than a higher specific activity than cellular insulin. Results provide insight into the mechanisms of nonrandom mobilization and secretion of insulin form the B cell.
Role of Platelets in Tumor Cell Metastases
Authors: SIMON KARPATKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Platelets may have a role in the development of animal tumor metastases. Ultrastructural studies in vivo have shown arrested tumor emboli surrounded by platelets. Several tumor cell lines induce thrombocytopenia in vivo. Certain tumor cells aggregate platelets in vitro. Correlations exist between the ability of some tumor cells to aggregate platelets in vitro and their metastatic potential in vivo. Antiplatelet agents have impaired or altered the spread of certain tumor metastases. It is suggested that platelets have a role in the sequestration, adherence, and penetration of tumor cells through the blood vessel endothelial cell barrier, thus preventing their rapid clearance from the circulation and allowing extravascular formation of nests of cells. Antiplatelet agents, particularly prostaglandins, may prove useful in preventing experimental animal metastases when administered before the inoculation of tumor cells. Their potential in human malignancy, where the patient presents with an established tumor, remains to be established.
Variable region expression in the antibody responses of infants vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-protein conjugates. Description of a new lambda light chain-associated idiotype and the relation between idiotype expression, avidity, and vaccine formulation. The Collaborative Vaccine Study Group.
Authors: D M Granoff, P G Shackelford, S J Holmes, A H Lucas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide (Hib PS)-protein conjugate vaccines differ chemically and immunologically. To determine whether anti-Hib PS variable region expression might differ according to vaccine formulation, infants were vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 mo of age with Hib PS coupled to either meningococcal outer membrane protein complex (Hib PS-OMPC) or tetanus toxoid (Hib PS-T), or Hib PS oligomers coupled to a mutant diphtheria toxin (Oligo-CRM). Two anti-Hib PS idiotypes were measured in sera obtained after the third injection: HibId-1, expressed by anti-Hib PS antibodies having the kappa II-A2 variable region, and HibId-2, a newly defined cross-reactive idiotype associated with a subset of anti-Hib PS antibodies having lambda VII variable regions. HibId-1 was present in 33, 68, and 64% of infants given either Hib PS-OMPC, Oligo-CRM, or Hib PS-T, respectively (P < 0.001). The respective values for HibId-2 were 47, 18, and 10% (P = 0.001). Subjects who were vaccinated with Hib PS-OMPC or Hib PS-T and who produced detectable HibId-1-positive antibody, had significantly higher mean antibody avidity than subjects who did not produce HibId-1 positive antibodies. In contrast, Oligo-CRM evoked high avidity anti-Hib PS antibodies, irrespective of the idiotypic profile. These findings indicate fundamental differences in both variable region content and antibody quality elicited by different Hib PS conjugate vaccines.
Abstract 3945: IKK-Epsilon, a novel factor identified by proteomics, contributes to prostate cancer cell-induced osteoclast activity <i>in vitro</i>.
Authors: Xin Yang, Zhen Xiao, Jianhua Wang, Yi Lu, Yang Xu, Xin Huang, Atsushi Mizokami, Evan T. Keller, Jian Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to skeleton resulting in osteoblastic lesions with underlying osteoclast activity. Novel strategies to inhibit the tumor skeletal metastasis involve targeting not only tumor cells but also bone microenvironment which is composed of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and stromal cells that include fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, adipocytes, glial cells, smooth muscle cells, and resident and recruited vascular cells. The microenvironment can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory influences on proliferation and malignant properties of tumor cells. In this study, we intended to identify factors that may play key roles in this bidirectional and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and bone microenvironment. First, we fractionated the prostate cancer PC3 cell conditioned media by the molecular weight of proteins in media using centricon column. Then we applied the fractions to culturing osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. We repeated and scaled up the above steps to collect enough conditioned media, and concentrated the fractions of interest. The fractions that showed activity of osteoclast induction were determined by mass spectrometry. We found that the conditioned media contained a large amount of IKK-Epsilon, a subunit of PMA-inducible IKK (I-KappaB Kinase) complex. We further observed that recombinant IKK-Epsilon could induce osteoclast activity in vitro, but unexpectedly it had no effect on the activation of NF-kappa-B by TNF or IL-1 in these cells. Together with the findings that several identified factors in the conditioned media such as MCP-1 and IL-8 that induced osteoclast activity, in vitro validation of the identified factor IKK-Epsilon was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody on the functional assays. We have not yet identified unknown factors in the current study, however it is clear that unknown factors in the conditioned media may also play key roles in the tumor-induced osteoclast activation since blocking MCP-1, IL-8, and IKK-Epsilon did not completely block the tumor-induced osteoclast activity. We conclude that IKK-Epsilon, a novel factor identified by proteomics, may contribute to prostate cancer cell-induced osteoclast activity in vitro. Supported by NSF key project 81130046; NSF projects 81171993 and 81272415; Guangxi projects 201201ZD004 and 2012GXNSFCB53004. Citation Format: Xin Yang, Zhen Xiao, Jianhua Wang, Yi Lu, Yang Xu, Xin Huang, Atsushi Mizokami, Evan T. Keller, Jian Zhang. IKK-Epsilon, a novel factor identified by proteomics, contributes to prostate cancer cell-induced osteoclast activity in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3945. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3945
Federal Foolishness and Marijuana
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The advanced stages of many illnesses and their treatments are often accompanied by intractable nausea, vomiting, or pain. Thousands of patients with cancer, AIDS, and other diseases report they have obtained striking relief from these devastating symptoms by smoking marijuana.1 The alleviation of distress can be so striking that some patients and their families have been willing to risk a jail term to obtain or grow the marijuana.Despite the desperation of these patients, within weeks after voters in Arizona and California approved propositions allowing physicians in their states to prescribe marijuana for medical indications, federal officials, including the President, . . .
Hemodynamic Effects of Glucagon in Patients Following Prosthetic Valve Replacement
Authors: WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, JACK M. MATLOFF, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The intravenous administration of 5.0 mg of glucagon to 16 digitalized patients on the first postoperative day after prosthetic valve replacement resulted in significant cardiac inotropic effects. Since glucagon is effective in the presence of catecholamine depletion or beta-adrenergic blockade and appears to have little arrhythmogenic potential, it would appear to be a useful agent for the treatment of myocardial depression occurring in association with open cardiac surgery.
ACUTE DISSEMINATED LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH STAPHYLOCOCCAL PYAEMIA IN A CHILD
Authors: E. SCHWARZ, F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article ACUTE DISSEMINATED LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH STAPHYLOCOCCAL PYÆMIA IN A CHILD Get access E. SCHWARZ, M.D., E. SCHWARZ, M.D. Physicians to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. PARKES WEBER, M.D. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D. Physicians to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 10, 1 October 1932, Pages 486–489, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09543.x Published: 01 October 1932