tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Telmisartan did not reduce a composite of CV death, MI, HF, or stroke in high-risk patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors
Authors: Robin J. Taylor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Yusuf S for the TRANSCEND Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:1174-83. 18757085
Effect of estrogens and progesterone on human peripheral erythroid burst‐forming unit (BFU‐E) growth
Authors: T. M. De Feo, M. D. Cappellini, G. Fiorelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Variations in the number of peripheral burst-forming unit--erythroid (BFU-E) of healthy women were observed during a prolonged period of observation. These differences were related to different phases of the menstrual cycle. A peak in the number of BFU-E occurred on day 14 of the cycle corresponding to the serum 17-beta-estradiol peak. The effect of estrogens and progesterone on the in vitro growth of peripheral BFU-E of healthy women was assayed. Estrogens demonstrated a stimulatory and progesterone an inhibitory effect in total lymphomonocyte cultures, whereas neither hormone had an effect in monocyte-depleted cultures. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which is known to be secreted by monocytes, stimulated the in vitro growth of peripheral BFU-E. These data suggest that estrogens and progesterone could have a role in the in vitro growth of peripheral BFU-E, probably mediated by monocytes.
Psychotropic Drugs in Use Today
Authors: Barry Blackwell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Until the discovery of chlorpromazine in 1952, there were no specific drug treatments in psychiatry, only sedatives and stimulants. The efficacy of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in schizophrenia began a hunt for other specific remedies leading to the discovery of imipramine hydrochloride for depression in 1957, followed by several newer sedatives supposedly specific for neurotic anxiety and called "minor tranquilizers." These arrived between 1957 and 1965 and included hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Atarax, Vistaril), meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown), and the benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium, and Serax). In addition, combinations of so-called antidepressants and tranquilizers have become available and new or older drugs now are claimed to have dual actions in treating both anxiety and depression. Since these drugs became available, there have been many studies of which drugs should be used in particular conditions. By way of contrast, this review examines what drugs are actually being used and what types of illness they are prescribed to
Extreme Polyuria in Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: Laurence E. Earley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN 1954 Roussak and Oleesky1 described 2 patients with renal disease who exhibited a syndrome simulating diabetes insipidus, which the authors called "water-losing nephritis." One of these patients had multiple myeloma; the other had carcinoma of the prostate with secondary hydroureters and hydronephrosis. Before the onset of azotemia, albuminuria or other signs of renal insufficiency, both patients exhibited striking polydipsia, polyuria and hyposthenuria‡ that were unresponsive to thirst or to exogenous vasopressin. Neither gave a history or diagnostic evidence of any extrarenal disease that might account for the polyuria. The patient with myelomatosis eventually died in renal failure, but, after . . .
New helicase-primase inhibitors as drug candidates for the treatment of herpes simplex disease
Authors: Gerald Kleymann, Rüdiger Fischer, Ulrich A.K. Betz, Martin Hendrix, Wolfgang Bender, Udo Schneider, Gabriele Handke, Peter Eckenberg, Guy Hewlett, Veniamin Pevzner, Judith Baumeister, Olaf Weber, Kerstin Henninger, Jörg Keldenich, Axel Jensen, Jörg Kolb, Ute Bach, Andreas Popp, Jutta Mäben, Isabelle Frappa, Dieter Haebich, Oswald Lockhoff, Helga Rübsamen-Waigmann
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Identification of a protein isolated from senescent human cells that binds to hepatitis B virus X antigen
Authors: Bill S. Sun, Xianhua Zhu, Marcy M. Clayton, Jingbo Pan, Mark A. Feitelson
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatitis B virus-encoded X antigen contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Given that X antigen functions by binding to other proteins, additional X-binding proteins were sought from an adult human liver cDNA library in a yeast two-hybrid system. The results yielded a clone encoding a 55-kd protein that is associated with replicative senescence (p55 sen ). Binding of p55 sen to X antigen was confirmed in vitro by immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography. The expression of endogenous p55 sen inversely correlated with cell growth. Transient transfection of X antigen or p55 sen into HepG2 cells stimulated DNA synthesis by twofold to threefold, whereas cotransfection did not, suggesting that these molecules functionally interact. The detection of p55 sen in embryonic mouse liver, its absence in adult mouse and human livers, and its reappearance in livers from carriers with chronic liver disease, suggest that it may play important roles in the regulation of liver cell growth. The similarity between p55 sen and a notch ligand, which is involved in cell fate determinations during embryogenesis, implies that the binding of p55 sen by X antigen may also contribute to an alteration in cell fate, which is characteristic of carcinogenesis.
TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS KNEES BY THE CAUTERY
Authors: A. Z. C. Cressy
Journal: BMJ (1930)

TviwUIIiU-1.ouisknee-joints are-not seen so frequently a.1.th('y were tltirty years ago; this is no doubit duee to the .d(lvaiwe of s(-icie anad to better housing, sanitation, opei sh:;ces in croWded cities, better choice of food, an d plenty of.fire.J alir and sunlight.Buit still the disease does exist, an.d w-ill do so for miiany years to come.
Kaposi's Sarcoma, Vascular Permeability, and Scientific Integrity
Authors: Marlys H. Witte, Peter Borgs, Dennis L. Way, Michael Bernas, Geronimo Ramirez, Charles L. Witte
Journal: JAMA (1994)

On March 13,1992, Nakamura et al published an article in the journal<i>Science</i>reporting that sulfated polysaccharide peptidoglycan (SP-PG) inhibited the growth and vascular hyperpermeability characteristics of Kaposi's sarcoma— related cells and lesions in nude mice. While examining their key composite Fig 3, A through E, and related Table 2, we were surprised by several photographic features and other irregularities in the figures, which we explored further through a series of experiments. We were unable to confirm some of the pivotal findings. We communicated our concerns to<i>Science</i>but our letter was rejected. After submission of additional analysis, the matter was reopened by<i>Science</i>, but again our correspondence was rejected. Despite extensive review, the salient points raised in our initial correspondence remain unanswered or only tangentially addressed. The original conclusions by Nakamura et al are still not only highly dubious, but the validity of the peer review process and self-correcting nature of scientific inquiry are also called into question. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1769-1771)
Comparison of Apolipoprotein and Proteoglycan Deposits in Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Kevin D. O’Brien, Katherine L. Olin, Charles E. Alpers, Winnie Chiu, Marina Ferguson, Kelly Hudkins, Thomas N. Wight, Alan Chait
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Because the content of specific proteoglycans and apolipoproteins is increased in atherosclerotic plaques and in vitro studies have suggested a role for proteoglycans in mediating plaque apolipoprotein (apo) retention, immunohistochemistry was performed to systematically examine the relative locations of proteoglycans and apolipoproteins in human atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —The spatial relationships of versican, biglycan, and apoE were compared on 68 human coronary artery segments; apoA-I and apoB also were evaluated on an additional 20 segments. Nonatherosclerotic intima contained extensive deposits of versican, whereas deposits of apoE, apoB, and apoA-I were much less prevalent. In contrast, nearly all atherosclerotic segments contained substantial deposits of biglycan, apoE, apoA-I, and apoB. There was a high degree of colocalization of apoE and biglycan deposits. ApoA-I, the major apolipoprotein of HDL, and apoB also were detected in regions with apoE and biglycan deposition. Exceptions to the localization of biglycan with apolipoproteins were found in regions that lacked intact extracellular matrix because of necrosis or dense macrophage accumulation. In vitro studies demonstrated that biglycan binds apoE-containing but not apoE-free HDL and that biglycan also binds LDL. Conclusions —These results suggest that biglycan may bind apoE and apoB in atherosclerotic intima. They also raise the possibility that apoE may act as a “bridging” molecule that traps apoA-I–containing HDL in atherosclerotic intima. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that biglycan may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by trapping lipoproteins in the artery wall.
Glucagon, Diarrhea, and Cerebral Symptoms
Authors: Susan Levenstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Glucagon in pharmacological doses has been widely used to treat insulin reactions, food bolus impaction, and acute pancreatitis and as a hypotonic agent in gastrointestinal (GI) radiology. We report a potentially serious complication after the diagnostic use of this usually innocuous hormone. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A mentally intact, nondiabetic, mildly hypertensive 78-year-old woman underwent double-contrast upper GI tract x-ray examination for dyspepsia. The examination was completed smoothly using 0.5 mg of glucagon injected intravenously; this agent is given routinely in our institution to enhance mucosal detail in air-barium contrast studies of the stomach. After 30 minutes the patient complained of dizziness and abdominal cramping and abruptly lost consciousness. No seizure movements were observed. When she woke up after two minutes, she was noted to have a paretic right arm, a right central facial paresis, and a blood pressure (BP) of 100/60 mm Hg. Over the next
DOES PROGNOSIS CHANGE DEPENDING ON NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF NON OBSTRUCTIVE PLAQUES? RESULTS FROM THE MULTINATIONAL CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY EVALUATION FOR CLINICAL OUTCOME: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY (CONFIRM)
Authors: Amir Ahmadi, James Min, Adam Berger, Stephan Achenbach, Shalan Alaamri, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Daniel Berman, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin Chow, Ricardo Cury, Gudrun Feuchtner, Heidi Gransar, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp Kaufmann, Fay Lin, Gilbert Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: William H. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1960)

HEREDITARY hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) is a disorder in which tiny arteriovenous aneurysms may present in virtually every visceral organ and on every body surface. There are vascular sinuses lined by a thin layer of endothelium interposed between arteries and veins. Because of the lack of elastic tissue in their walls, the vessels, when injured, bleed severely before stopping. The cause is unknown. The disorder may be passed as a simple dominant trait from either parent to both male and female children. There is a tendency for new telangiectases to appear as the person grows older. Although the telangiectases may effect any body structure, it is the nose that bleeds most commonly, and epistaxis is the bane of the patient's life. A typical patient usually starts to have nosebleeds about puberty. The nosebleeds, often only a few drops every day but sometimes a quart or more at a time, weaken
Prognostic importance of delayed Q-wave evolution 3 to 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Marc J. Eisenberg, Gabriel I. Barbash, Hanoch Hod, Arie Roth, Amir Shachar, Michaela Modan, Lea Zolti, Elieser Kaplinsky, Shlomo Laniado, Babeth Rabinowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Insulin says NO to cardiovascular disease
Authors: Q. Yu, F. Gao, X. L. Ma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

It is well recognized that insulin resistance found in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since its discovery in the 1920s, insulin has been used as an essential therapeutic agent in diabetes for blood glucose management. Recent studies demonstrate that insulin signalling is essential for normal cardiovascular function, and lack of it (i.e. insulin resistance) will result in cardiovascular dysfunction and disease. Moreover, insulin is the key component of glucose–insulin–potassium cocktail and exerts significant cardiovascular protective effect via a phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase–protein kinase B–endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K-Akt-eNOS)-dependent signalling mechanism in addition to its metabolic modulation, which renders it a potent organ protector in multiple clinical applications. This review focuses on insulin-initiated PI3K-Akt-eNOS survival signalling, with nitric oxide as an 'end effector' delivering cardioprotection in health and disease (especially in ischaemic heart disease), and highlights the impairment of this survival signalling as a key link between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
The Black Death
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>It's Hard to Leave While the Music's Playing,</h3> by I. S. Cooper, 285 pp, $7.95, New York, Norton, 1977. Two new fine novels add to the long list of fiction written by physicians. These two are especially important because each not only tells a good story but presents a serious controversial problem. Both will be read for their interest and excitement and then will lead to discussion and, possibly, clearer thinking. <i>The Black Death</i>, coauthored by Cravens, a professional writer, and Marr, an internist, epidemiologist, and director of New York City's Department of Preventable Diseases, tells a terrifyingly plausible story of a fictional outbreak of plague in New York City. The earnest, well-planned efforts of the health department to contain the epidemic are hindered by bureaucratic red tape, indecision by persons in high office, and political machinations. The efforts of the Surgeon General, a black woman, are hampered by Central
A Conversation with Fidel Castro about Health Services
Authors: Julius B. Richmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The Special Report by Robert Ubell in the December 8 issue, "High-Tech Medicine in the Caribbean: 25 years of Cuban Health Care,"* brought back memories of an official visit I made with some staff members of the U.S. Public Health Service in the spring of 1978 while I was serving as assistant secretary for health and surgeon general in the Department of Health and Human Services. My observations generally confirm those of Ubell, but the opportunity for a personal interview with President Castro added a dimension to the discussion my colleagues and I had with Ministry of Health officials and . . .
75 TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) IS HIGHLY ACTIVE FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN SUBJECTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Buti, S. Hadziyannis, P. Mathurin, P. Urbanek, M. Sherman, S. Strasser, C. Wang, J. Petersen, J. Sorbel, E. Mondou, J. Anderson, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Glycogen synthase and phosphofructokinase protein and mRNA levels in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: H Vestergaard, S Lund, F S Larsen, O J Bjerrum, O Pedersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and matched control subjects we examined the interrelationships between in vivo nonoxidative glucose metabolism and glucose oxidation and the muscle activities, as well as the immunoreactive protein and mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzymes in glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, glycogen synthase (GS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), respectively. Analysis of biopsies of quadriceps muscle from 19 NIDDM patients and 19 control subjects showed in the basal state a 30% decrease (P < 0.005) in total GS activity and a 38% decrease (P < 0.001) in GS mRNA/microgram DNA in NIDDM patients, whereas the GS protein level was normal. The enzymatic activity and protein and mRNA levels of PFK were all normal in diabetic patients. In subgroups of NIDDM patients and control subjects an insulin-glucose clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry was performed. The rate of insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose metabolism was decreased by 47% (P < 0.005) in NIDDM patients, whereas the glucose oxidation rate was normal. The PFK activity, protein level, and mRNA/microgram DNA remained unchanged. The relative activation of GS by glucose-6-phosphate was 33% lower (P < 0.02), whereas GS mRNA/micrograms DNA was 37% lower (P < 0.05) in the diabetic patients after 4 h of hyperinsulinemia. Total GS immunoreactive mass remained normal. In conclusion, qualitative but not quantitative posttranslational abnormalities of the GS protein in muscle determine the reduced insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose metabolism in NIDDM.
NEW METHOD OF ANCHORING THE KIDNEY— A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: BYRON B. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

If a multiplicity of methods is an indication of unsatisfactory results, nephropexy must be the least satisfactory operation known to the surgeon. Dozens of methods have been exploited, each with a claim of superiority, but all based on four cardinal principles. 1. In April, 1881, Hahn reported his first cases of nephrorraphy for movable kidney. The sutures were passed through the fibrous capsule proper, the kidney being fastened to the edges of the deeper structures of the lumbar wound. Many slight modifications of this method have been made, but the principle of all has been the same as that originally used by Professor Hahn. 2. The method of decortication. Tuffier was the first to practice this method. He dissects off a portion of the posterior surface and convex border of the proper capsule of the kidney, and the organ is held into the wound by sutures, thus obtaining direct union
Clinical Lecture on Rectal Fistula and Haemorrhoids
Authors: R. Davy
Journal: BMJ (1886)

to the Hospital.GENTLEMEN, -We have had, lately, numerous cases of rectal disease in our male and female wards; but, as the subjects of rectal fistula and hlmorrhoids are sufficient for one lecture, permit me to introduce typical specimens of each disease:-1, rectal fistulle; 2, external hmmorrhoids; 3, internal hiemorrhoids.1. Rectal Fistula.-Theyoung delicate man in Mark Ward, H. H., aged 26, single, is suffering from three fistulam, namely, one buccal fistula, one incomplete, and a third complete rectal fistula.His buccal
Simvastatin Reduces Plasma Osteoprotegerin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Birgitte Nellemann, Lars C. Gormsen, Jens Dollerup, Ole Schmitz, Carl E. Mogensen, Lars M. Rasmussen, Søren Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a secreted glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (1). OPG works as a decoy receptor preventing RANK/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activation (2). Moreover, the RANK/RANKL system has potential cardiovascular effects; the system induces vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 synthesis, prolongs endothelial cell survival, and promotes angiogenesis (3,4). Furthermore, OPG may be involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD). An epidemiological study identified OPG as an independent risk factor for CVD (5) and OPG is present in high concentrations in the arterial wall (6,7). Of note, diabetic patients are characterized by elevated OPG (3), which is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in both type 1 (8) and type 2 (9) diabetes. Conversely, OPG may inhibit calcification in mice (10). Hence, it is possible that vascular calcification increases OPG, which then, in turn, is involved in calcification inhibition (4).

Development of atherosclerosis involves expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., VCAM-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]), allowing cellular attachment and migration of monocytes and macrophages into the vascular wall (11). Recent in vitro studies suggest that statins may suppress both OPG (12) and adhesion molecule (13) production.

Statin treatment reduces cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (14). Moreover, additional so-called pleiotropic effects have also been proposed (15). Since both OPG and adhesion molecules are associated with CVD and potentially modifiable by statins, we examined the effect of simvastatin on OPG and adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetic patients at increased risk …
RECENT RESEARCHES IN RINGWORM.
Authors: WILLIAM THOMAS CORLETT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The ringworm family includes<i>tinea tonsurans, tinea sycosis, tinea circinata</i>and an affection of the nails known as<i>onychomycosis</i>. These names are of ancient origin, and, from a scientific standpoint, are not free from objection. Medical writers from the time of Celsus to the present have endeavored to improve the nomenclature of the mycotic group, hence the confusion experienced in attempting their study. In 1842-4 Gruby contributed a series of observations on ringworm of the scalp to the Academy of Sciences of Paris, in which he described a fungus found in the hairs and scales of the affected region. Unfortunately for science, he employed the term ''<i>porrigo decalvans</i>," which Willan and, subsequently, Bateman used synonymously with alopecia areata, although Gruby's description clearly refers to ringworm.<sup>1</sup>Strange as it now seems, from this confusion of names he was accredited with having discovered a parasite in alopecia areata, which other observers
Validation of Scale Measuring Environmental Barriers to Diabetes-Regimen Adherence
Authors: Audrey A Irvine, J Terry Saunders, Michael B Blank, William R Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

This study reports on the validation of a diabetesspecific measure of environmental barriers to regimen adherence. The reliability and validity of the environmental barriers to adherence scale (EBAS) were determined for a sample of 214 insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The scale was shown to be a valid measure of barriers to adherence as assessed by its relationship to the barriers to adherence questionnaire and the barriers to adherence portion of the diabetes-care profile. The medication, testing, exercise, and diet subscales of the EBAS were correlated with four corresponding and three noncorresponding measures of self-care behavior from the diabetes selfcare behaviors scale. Each subscale correlated well with its corresponding self-care behavior and less well with noncorresponding self-care behavior. The internal consistency of the scale and the test-retest reliability were found to be good. The results suggest that the EBAS scale is a valid, reliable measure of barriers to diabetes-regimen adherence.
Ejection Fraction: A Comparison Between Gated SPECT Tl-201 Chloride, Gated SPECT MIBI and Two Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: H. H. Abu-Judeh, A. Qureshi, S. Atay, M. Kumar, M. Infantino, T. H. Elmquist, S. Naddaf, R. Braff, H. M. Abdel-Dayem
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Abu-Judeh, H. H.; Qureshi, A.; Atay, S.; Kumar, M.; Infantino, M.; Elmquist, T. H.; Naddaf, S.; Braff, R.; Abdel-Dayem, H. M. Author Information